Taxonomic catalogue of the Spionidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the Grand Caribbean

Patricia Salazar-Silva

The most recent checklist of polychaete worms of the Grand Caribbean region dates from 1996. Since then systematic contributions for the family Sabellidae have been published resulting in changes in the taxonomic status of various genera and species. This catalogue provides new names, synonymies, new records and a list of corrected references. Twenty two genera and 51 species are listed. Fabriciinae is represented by 10 species and six genera and Sabellinae with 41 species and 16 genera. Sixteen species that were originally described from the Grand Caribbean region are currently recognised as not valid, and 11 records as questionable until any revision sustains their distribution. Information for type locality and location of type materials are included.

Fifteen species in seven genera of Cirratulidae are reported from shallow-water collections in the Caribbean Sea primarily as part of the Caribbean I expedition of the research vessel Alpha Helix in 1977 and smaller separate collections from Panama and Venezuela. Thirteen species, all bitentaculates, are new to science. New species include Aphelochaeta caribbeanensis n. sp.; six species of Caulleriella: C. angusticrista n. sp., C. convexacapa n. sp., C. microbidentata n. sp., C. parapicula n. sp., C. parvinasa n. sp., and C. quadrata n. sp.; Chaetozone dossena n. sp.; three species of Kirkegaardia: K. filiformis n. sp., K. panamaensis n. sp., and K. playita n. sp.; and two species of Dodecaceria: D. alphahelixae n. sp. and D. dibranchiata n. sp. Additionally, two multitentaculate cirratulids, Cirriformia sp. from Panama and Timarete punctata (Grube, 1859) from Nicaragua are reported.

The genus Ficopomatus (Serpulidae) consists of sessile, tubicolous polychaete annelid worms that may colonize a diversity of substrata, and tolerate considerable variations in salinity. Thus, members of this genus, including Ficopomatus uschakovi, in some cases are exotic and maybe invasive. The purpose of our research was to collect and identify marine organisms associated with the submerged roots of mangrove trees in the Gulf of Urabá, Colombian Caribbean, South America. Within the Gulf, there is a well-developed forest of the Red Mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, along the margins of El Uno Bay. We sampled the roots of R. mangle from five stations of the bay, and we identified specimens of F. uschakovi from each of those stations. Ficopomatus uschakovi was found to be more abundant in regions of the bay that exhibit the lowest salinity. Based on a morphological comparison of the present specimens with the original species description, revised descriptions, and other records from the Indo-West Pacific, Mexican Pacific, and Venezuelan and Brazilian Caribbean, we suggest that F. uschakovi has a broader geographical distribution. Furthermore, because of this broad distribution, and the observed tolerance for low salinity in our study, we also suggest that F. uschakovi is a euryhaline species. It is also likely that F. uschakovi will be found in other localities in the Gulf of Urabá, and in other regions of the Colombian Caribbean. Thus, this record extends the distribution of the species to the Colombian Caribbean, giving the species a continuous distribution across the northern coast of South America

TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Zootaxa 2782: 39–66 (2011) www.mapress.com / zootaxa/ Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) Article ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Taxonomic catalogue of the Spionidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the Grand Caribbean VICTOR HUGO DELGADO-BLAS1 & PATRICIA SALAZAR-SILVA2 1 División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Quintana Roo, México. E-mail: blas@uqroo.mx. Departamento de Ecología acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Avenida Centenario Km 5.5, 77900, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México Instituto Tecnológico de Bahía de Banderas, Departamento de Ingenierías, Bahía de Banderas, Nayarit, México, C.P 63763. E-mail: salazarsilva01@yahoo.com 2 Abstract The aim of this study was to provide a revised taxonomic catalogue of Spionidae species recorded from the Grand Caribbean. The names included were compiled from the checklists of Salazar-Vallejo (1996) and Perkins and Savage (1975). Names were revised and updated based on recent revisions. For each species, the original name is included together with current and previous names under which it has been recorded; all with associated citations. The type locality of each species, museum or institution where the type materials are deposited, and comments on systematics and geographic distributions are also included. The catalogue lists 66 species in 24 genera and at the end a list of species with questionable distribution in the Grand Caribbean is included. Key words: Spionids, taxonomy, nomenclature, Mexico, Caribbean Sea Introduction The Spionidae Grube, 1850, is one of the major polychaete families, with well over 1000 nominal species (Sigvaldadóttir et al. 1997). They are found from the intertidal to the deep sea and can be a dominant component of shallow water sandy sediments. They have been found in the vicinity of hydrothermal vents (Maciolek 1981, Blake & Maciolek 1992, and Desbruyères & Segonzac 1997), and there are several species recorded in freshwater (Blake 1996). Most species live in soft mud, sandy and mixed sediments that include shells and gravel; some build permanent tubes in soft substrata (e.g. Paraprionospio Caullery, 1914), many species of the Polydora complex build tubes and establish dense populations in clastic sediments. However, others are able to bore into calcareous substrates like mollusc shells, living corals, coral rubble and coralline algae; also some species of polydorids have been found in silty clay. Numerous species are free-living, burrowing in mud and sand; such as those belonging to Aonides Claparède, 1864 and Scolelepis De Blainville, 1828. Spionids have been considered selective feeders of surface deposit, suspension feeders, or as both deposit and suspension feeders at the sediment–water interface (Dauer et al. 1981). The family is one of the more species-rich and abundant polychaete families from the Grand Caribbean Region (Delgado-Blas 2001). In this region, a number of important studies on the Spionidae have been carried out. These works are summarized in Foster (1971a), Perkins and Savage (1975), Johnson (1984), Salazar-Vallejo (1996), and Delgado-Blas (2009). The last contribution lists 59 spionid species, belonging to 25 genera. One of the problems in the taxonomy of the family is that many species are still considered to be cosmopolitan. In spite of this, some questionable records have already been clarified in previous studies (Delgado-Blas 2004, 2006, 2008). We hope that this catalogue provides taxonomists, ecologists and students with updated and revised information about this group, within the region. Accepted by P. Hutchings: 2 Feb. 2011; published: 3 Mar. 2011 39 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Methods The names of species were compiled initially from the published checklists of polychaetes of the Grand Caribbean region (Perkins & Savage 1975 and Salazar-Vallejo 1996). The nomenclature of each species was reviewed based on more recent works and are included as synonymy citations. The accepted genera and species are listed in alphabetic order; authorship and date of publication are provided for each. All accepted genera include the type species. For all species the original name is included. In addition, others names under which the species have been classified have been included. To facilitate the location of type material, abbreviations of institutions where they are deposited are given. Finally, details of type localities and subsequent records in the region are provided, together with geographic coordinates when possible. All references included are placed in the references section. Abbreviations of institutions cited in the catalogue: AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA BMNH The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)], London, UK CAS-IZ California Academy of Sciences-Invertebrate Zoology, San Francisco, USA LECyP-ICMyL-UNAM Colección de poliquetos, Laboratorio de Ecología Costera (Poliquetos), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico ECOSUR El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Mexico LACM-AHF Allan Hancock Foundation Polychaete Collection, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, USA MACN Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, Argentina MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA MNHN Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria NHRM Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History), Stockholm, Sweden SAM Iziko South Africa Museum, Cape Town, South Africa UMML Marine Invertebrate Museum, University of Miami, Miami, USA USNM National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA ZMA Zoological Museum of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ZMB Zoologisches Museum, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany ZMH Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany ZMU Zoologiska Museet, Uppsala, Sweden Taxonomy Class Polychaeta Grube, 1850 Family Spionidae Grube, 1850 Genus Aonidella Maciolek in López-Jamar, 1989 Aonidella Maciolek in López-Jamar, 1989: 107–110. Type species: Prionospio cirrobranchiata Day, 1961, designated by Maciolek, 1983. Aonidella cirrobranchiata (Day, 1961) Prionospio cirrobranchiata Day, 1961: 488, fig. 4a–d. —Ibarzabal, 1986: 13. Minuspio cirrobranchiata.—Foster, 1971a: 108. 40 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Prionospio (Minuspio) cf. cirrobranchiata.—Johnson, 1984: 6.58–6.59, figs 6.47–6.48. Aonidella cirrobranchiata.—Maciolek, 2000: 530–531, fig. 1. Type locality. Cape Coast, South Africa (34°11´S, 18°13´E), 144 m, sandy mud; paratypes, South-West Africa (34º17´S, 17º53´E), 320 m, black and green sand and mud. Type material. Holotype not located, paratypes (BMNH ZK 1961.9.480/1). Records. USA: off Florida and Texas, 15–90 m, coarse to fine sand (Johnson, 1984). Cuba: Batabano (Ibarzabal 1986). Remarks. The presence of Aonidella cirrobranchiata (Day, 1961) in the Grand Caribbean is questionable. Specimens of Johnson (1984) and Ibarzabal (1986) require examination, because these specimens differ from A. cirrobranchiata (Day, 1961), in having a slight medial indentation on the prostomium, four eyes instead of none, and hooded hooks with 2–4 apical teeth instead of one. Genus Aonides Claparède, 1864 Aonides Claparède, 1864: 505.—Foster, 1971a: 66. Type species: Nerine oxycephala Sars, 1862, designated by Foster, 1971a. Aonides mayaguezensis Foster, 1969 Aonides mayaguezensis Foster, 1969: 393, figs 22–33.—Johnson, 1984: 6.39–6.41, figs 6.29–6.30. Type locality. Off Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 3 m. Type material. Holotype (USNM 39485), paratypes (USNM 39486). Records. USA: off Florida, 24–43 m, coarse to fine sand (Johnson 1984). Puerto Rico, 3 m (Foster 1969). Aonides paucibranchiata Southern, 1914 Aonides paucibranchiata Southern, 1914: 100–101, plate 11, fig. 24.—Johnson, 1984: 6.41–6.42, figs 6.31–6.32. Type locality. Clew Bay, Berehaven, Ireland, 16.5–43.9 m. Type material. Cotype (BMNH ZK, CR03/4T), Clew Bay, W84. 43.89 m, 25 May 2009, dredge. Records. USA: off Florida, 20–24 m, medium-fine sand (Johnson 1984). Remarks. Specimens of Johnson (1984) differ from Aonides paucibranchiata Southern, 1914, in having 10–11 pairs branchiae instead of 6–8, notopodial lamellae with long finger-shaped glands of a deep amber colour instead of none, and hooded hooks with 2 rows of apical teeth instead of one, and anterior notopodial lamellae are different between both specimens of Grand Caribbean region and A. paucibranchiata from the type locality. The identity of the records is questionable and should be confirmed with the type material. Genus Apoprionospio Foster, 1969 Apoprionospio Foster, 1969: 383.—Foster, 1971a: 93.—Maciolek, 1985: 368–369. Type species: Apoprionospio dayi Foster, 1969, by original designation. Apoprionospio dayi Foster, 1969 Apoprionospio dayi Foster, 1969: 383, figs 1–11.—Foster, 1971a: 97, figs 226–236.—Maciolek, 1985: 370–372, fig. 18.— Gobin, 1990: 43. Prionospio (Apoprionospio) dayi.—Johnson, 1984: 6.60–6.61, figs 6.49– 6.50. CATALOGUE SPIONIDAE FROM THE GRAND CARIBBEAN Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 41 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Type locality. Off Beaufort, North Carolina, USA; Gulf of Mexico: Grand Isle, Louisiana and Port Aransas, Texas, USA. Type material. Holotype (USNM 39487), paratypes (USNM 39488). Records. USA: Grand Isle, Louisiana and Port Aransas, Texas (Foster 1969); off Western Florida, 19–177 m, coarse to very fine sand, clayey sandy silt (Johnson 1984). Trinidad and Tobago: Oropuche (Gobin 1990). Apoprionospio pygmaea (Hartman, 1961) Prionospio pygmaeus Hartman, 1961: 93–94. Hartman, 1969: 163–164, figs 1–3. Apoprionospio pygmaea (Hartman, 1961).—Foster, 1971a: 94–97, figs 213–225.—Maciolek, 1985: 369–370, fig. 17.—Gobin, 1990: 43. Prionospio (Apoprionospio) pygmaea.—Johnson, 1984: 6.61–6.63, figs 6.51–6.52. Type locality. California. North Pacific Ocean, Los Angeles County, Long Beach, USA, 6 km from Long Beach breakwater light, (33°40'00"N, 118°05'08"W), 21.94 m, hard packed grey sand. Type material. Holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 618), paratype (LACM-AHF POLY 619). Records. USA: off Texas, 15–22 m, fine sand, silty sand, sandy silty clay (Johnson 1984). Tampa Bay, Florida; Seahorse Key, Florida; Port Aransas, Texas; Panama City Beach, (Foster 1971a). Trinidad and Tobago: Oropuche, (Gobin 1990). Remarks. The original description by Hartman (1961) is vague and without illustrations. Foster (1971a), reexamined the types of Prionospio pygmaeus, and found that hooded hooks actually have several small teeth above the main tooth, rather than the bidentate structure originally described by Hartman (1961). Additional data, perhaps molecular or reproductive biology, are required to verify if A. pygmaeus and A. dayi are the same species. Genus Aurospio Maciolek, 1981 Aurospio Maciolek, 1981: 229. Type species: Aurospio dibranchiata Maciolek, 1981, by original designation. Aurospio dibranchiata Maciolek, 1981 Aurospio dibranchiata Maciolek, 1981: 230–239, figs 1–4. Type locality. Argentine Basin (36°49.0’S, 53°15.4’W), 1661–1679 m, epibenthic sled; (36º12.7´S, 52º42.7´W), 2041–2048 m. Type material. Holotype (USNM 60326), paratypes (USNM 60327, USNM 60328), (LACM-AHF-POLY1289), (CASIZ 1122), (MACN 29.610), (BMNH ZB1980: 82–91), (ZMH P–16407). Records. Widespread areas in North and South Atlantic Ocean: Surinam; Bermuda; Bay of Biscay; off Ireland to as far South as the Argentine Basin (Maciolek 1981). Remarks. Maciolek (1981) reported Aurospio dibranchiata as an extremely widespread species, occurring over most of the Atlantic Ocean, from slope depths of 300 m to abyssal depths of 3600 m. However, the wide variation in taxonomic characters and geographic range create the suspicion that more than one species may be confused under the name Aurospio dibranchiata due to shapes of the prostomium, length of chaetae on chaetiger 2, shape of parapodial lamellae and presence or absence of dorsal crests. Maciolek (1981) mentions that these characteristics vary little amongst samples, but these have been used to separate species in other genera. Genus Boccardia Carazzi, 1895 Boccardia Carazzi, 1895: 15 Type species: Boccardia polybranchia Haswell, 1885, by monotypy. 42 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Boccardia salazari Delgado-Blas, 2008 Boccardia salazari Delgado-Blas, 2008: 4–6, fig. 1. Type locality. Boca Paila, Quintana Roo, Mexico (19º54´N, 87º26´W). Type material. Holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 2191); paratype (ECOSUR–0082). Records. Only known for the type locality. Genus Boccardiella Blake & Kudenov, 1978 Boccardiella Blake & Kudenov, 1978: 264 Type species: Polydora hamata Webster, 1879, by original designation. Boccardiella ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) Boccardia ligerica Ferronnière, 1898: 109–111, fig. 6a–i.—Fauvel, 1927: 57, fig. 19n–s.—Blake & Woodwick, 1971: 32–34, fig. 1. Boccardiella ligerica.—Blake & Kudenov, 1978: 265.—Wern, 1985: 123–128, fig. 1. Type locality. Estuary of Loire, France. Type material. (ZMA 1156). Records. USA: Aransas, Texas, Brackishwater marsh areas in Sea Rim State Park near Sabine Lake, bottom salinities ranged from 10 to 18 ppt, and temperatures from 25 to 31ºC, hard, silty-clay bottom (Wern 1985). Remarks. Bocardiella ligerica and specimens from Gulf of Mexico differ in the presence of first notopodial lobes, shape of notochaetae of chaetiger 5 and shape of neurochaetae of chaetigers 2–4, 6, also in presence of low ridges from chaetiger 7. The identity of specimens from the Grand Caribbean is questionable and should be confirmed against the type material. Genus Carazziella Blake & Kudenov, 1978 Carazziella Blake & Kudenov, 1978: 240 Type species: Polydora citrona Hartman, 1941, by original designation. Carazziella hobsonae Blake, 1979 Carazziella hobsonae Blake, 1979: 469–471, figs 2–3. Type locality. Florida: Tampa Bay, 3 m; Texas, USA (29º19´15´´N, 94º38´42´´W), 13 m, sand-clay sediment. Type material. Holotype (USNM 56494), paratypes (USNM 56495, 56496). Records. USA: Florida and Texas (Blake 1979). Genus Dipolydora Verrill, 1881 Dipolydora Verrill, 1881: 320.—Blake, 1996: 181. Type species: Polydora concharum Verrill, 1881, by original designation. Dipolydora anatentaculata Delgado-Blas, 2008 Dipolydora anatentaculata Delgado-Blas, 2008: 7–8, fig. 2. CATALOGUE SPIONIDAE FROM THE GRAND CARIBBEAN Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 43 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Type locality. Rookery Bay, Florida, USA (26º20´N, 81º78’W), in gastropod shells, Cerithium eburneum. Type material. Holotype (USNM 1073344). Records. Only known from the type locality. Dipolydora armata (Langerhans, 1880) Polydora armata Langerhans, 1880: 93–94, fig. 4D–5A.—Blake & Kudenov, 1978: 247.—Hartman, 1951: 83.—Lewis, 1998: 652. Dipolydora armata: Radashevsky & Nogueira, 2003: 377–380. Type locality. Madeira Type material. Syntypes (ZMH V–1547), paratypes (NHMW 7336). Records. USA: off southwestern Florida, shell of Carrier-Shell, Tugurium (Trochotugurium) longleyi (Bartsch, 1931), 214 m (Hartman 1951). Mexico: Xcalac, Quintana Roo; Yucatan (18º16´N, 87º49.6´W), coral reef, 15 m, from shell of deltoid rocksnail, Thais detoidea (Lamarck, 1822), occupied by hermit crab, Clibanarius cf. cubensis (de Saussure, 1858) (Radashevsky & Nogueira 2003). Belize: Carrie Bow Cay (16º48´N, 88º05´W), 0.4—1.2 m, coral rubble, Dictyota, Thalassia in part live Porites, sand, reef crest rubble, encrusting red algae of Lithothamnion type, 2 m, from coralline algae encrusting gastropod shell occupied by hermit crab (Radashevsky & Nogueira 2003). Remarks. Dipolydora armata was described by Langerhans (1880) from Madeira, his original description and figures show bidentate spines on segment 5, without bristles, six pairs of branchiae, and the posterior 5–6 segments with spines. However, the description of the arrangement of posterior spines is vague. Subsequent reports of D. armata by a number of the other workers (e.g. Woodwick 1964, Blake & Kudenov 1978, Blake 1983, Martin 1996, Bick 2001, Radashevsky & Nogueira 2003) have extended its distribution and variously adjusted its diagnosis. Radashevsky & Nogueira (2003), re-described D. armata with specimens from Sao Paulo, Brazil although they examined material from many localities, ranging from Portugal to Belize and from Thailand to New Zealand. However, their re-description differs from the original by Langerhans. We do not agree with the diagnosis and the wide distribution of D. armata as presented by Radashevsky & Nogueira (2003). We think it is necessary that specimens from other localities are actually compared to specimens from the type locality. In fact one possible species, Polydora rogeri Martin, 1996, was synonymised with D. armata by Radashevsky & Nogueira (2003). Dipolydora caulleryi (Mesnil, 1897) Polydora caulleryi Mesnil, 1897: 87–89, plate 3, figs 12–16.—Fauvel, 1927: 54–55, fig. 19.—Hartman, 1951: 83–84.—Johnson, 1984: 6.25, 6.28, figs 6.17–6.18. Type locality. France Type material. Not found Records. USA: Off South-western Florida, from mud and silt tubes in crevices of Carrier-Shell, Tugurium (Trochotugurium) longleyi, 214 m (Hartman 1951); off Texas and off Florida, 10–189 m, coarse to very fine sand, silty very fine sand, clayey sandy silt, clayey sand (Johnson 1984). Remarks. The specimens recorded in the Grand Caribbean as Dipolydora caulleryi are from different depths, their identity is based in published descriptions and should be confirmed against the type material. Dipolydora commensalis (Andrews, 1891) Polydora commensalis Andrews, 1891: 291–292, plate 14, fig. 27.—Foster, 1971a: 20–22, figs 1–12. Dipolydora commensalis: Blake, 1996: 199, fig. 4.31A–D. Type locality. Beaufort, North Carolina, USA. Type material. Holotype (USNM 4909), paratypes (USNM 4905, 4906, 4907). Records. Curaçao (Foster 1971a). 44 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Dipolydora contoyensis Delgado-Blas, 2008 Dipolydora contoyensis Delgado-Blas, 2008: 9–11, fig. 3. Type locality. Caribbean Sea, Contoy Island, Quintana Roo, Mexico (21º29´N, 86º48´W), burrowing in rock fragments. Type material. Holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 2192), paratypes (ECOSUR–0083, LACM-AHF POLY 2193). Records. Only known from type locality. Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883) Polydora quadrilobata Jacobi, 1883: 3, plate 1, figs 1–9, 13–15, 17, 20b.—Taylor, 1973. Dipolydora quadrilobata: Blake, 1996: 198, fig. 4.32 I–N. Type locality. Kiel Canal, Germany. Type material. (ZMH V–1546). Records. USA: Tampa Bay, Florida (Taylor 1973). Remarks. The identity of the records from the Grand Caribbean need to be confirmed against the type material. Dipolydora socialis (Schmarda, 1861) Leucodore socialis Schmarda, 1861: 64, fig. a–c, plate 26, fig. 209. Polydora socialis.—Hartman, 1951: 83. Johnson, 1984: 6.28–6.30, fig. 6.19–6.20.—Gobin, 1990: 43. Dipolydora socialis.—Blake, 1996: 189–192, fig. 4.34.—Bone & Viéitez, 2002: 70–71. Type locality. Viña del mar, Chile. Type material. Not found Records. USA: Alligator Harbor, Franklin Co., Florida, 1.8 m, silt-covered tube and mud flats (Hartman 1951); off Florida, 10–106 m, coarse to very fine sand, silty fine sand, clayey sand, sandy clayey silt (Johnson 1984). Trinidad and Tobago: Oropuche (Gobin 1990). Venezuela: Morrocoy (Bone & Viéitez 2002). Remarks. Description of the specimens from Gulf of Mexico given by Hartman (1951) is brief and without illustrations, the identity of the records needs to be confirmed against the type material. Among specimens recorded in the Grand Caribbean by Johnson (1984), Gobin (1990) and Bone & Viétez (2002), their identity is based on published descriptions and their identity should be confirmed against the type material. Genus Dispio Hartman, 1951 Dispio Hartman, 1951: 86.—Foster, 1971a: 72 Type species: Dispio uncinata Hartman, 1951, by monotypy. Dispio uncinata Hartman, 1951 Dispio uncinata Hartman, 1951: 87, plate 22, figs 1–5, plate 23, figs 1–4. —Johnson, 1984: 6.31–6.32, figs 6.23–6.24.—Long & Zottoli, 1997.—Foster, 1971a: 73–78, figs 161–174. Type locality. Alligator Point, Florida; Grand Isle, Louisiana; USA, sandy beach. Type material. Holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 634); paratype (LACM-AHF POLY 635). Records. USA: off northwest Florida and Louisiana, 6–106 m; coarse to very fine sand, silty fine sand (Johnson 1984); Pensacola Seahorse Key, Florida; Port Aransas, Texas, 5.5 m, Port Aransas Channel, Mustang and CATALOGUE SPIONIDAE FROM THE GRAND CARIBBEAN Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 45 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Padre Islands, intertidal to 5.5 m, sand with scattered shells. Bahamas: Bimini, Andros. Saint Thomas: Magens Bay. Puerto Rico: Ponce (Foster 1971a). Bahamas (Long & Zottoli 1997). Genus Laonice Malmgren, 1867 Laonice Malmgren, 1867: 200.—Foster, 1971a: 69. Type species: Nerine cirrata M. Sars, 1851, designated by Malmgren, 1867. Laonice cirrata (Sars, 1851) Nerine cirrata Sars, 1851: 207. Laonice cirrata.—Malmgren, 1867: 200.—Foster, 1971a: 69–72, figs 155–160.—Johnson, 1984: 6.68–6.69, figs 6.57–6.58.— Ibarzabal, 1986: 13. Type locality. Finnmark, Norway. Type material. Not found Records. USA: off Florida; Texas; Louisiana, 15–189 m, coarse to fine sand, silty sand, silty clayey sand, clayey silt (Johnson 1984); Seahorse Key, Florida. Puerto Rico: Mayagüez (Foster 1971a). Cuba: Batabano (Ibarzabal 1986). Remarks. Laonice cirrata is considered a cosmopolitan species. However, its presence is questionable in the Grand Caribbean. Specimens recorded from this region as L. cirrata are from different depths, and should be confirmed against the type material. Sikorskii (2002) re-described L. cirrata with numerous non type specimens, and its distribution was determined. Also, Sikorskii proposed new numerical characters for application in taxonomy of the genus. Genus Malacoceros de Quatrefages, 1843 Malacoceros de Quatrefages, 1843: 8.—Pettibone, 1963: 98. Type species: Spio vulgaris Johnston, 1827, designated by Pettibone, 1963. Malacoceros cariacoensis Delgado-Blas & Díaz-Días, 2010 Malacoceros cariacoensis Delgado-Blas & Díaz-Díaz, 2010: 251–253, fig. 1a–0. Type locality. Turpialito, Venezuela Type material. Holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 2241), paratypes (ECOSUR-100), paratypes (LBP-0050). Records. Only known from type locality. Malacoceros indicus (Fauvel, 1928) Scolelepis indica Fauvel, 1928: 93–94, figs 2g, 3 h–i. Malacoceros (Malacoceros) indicus.—Foster, 1971b: 50–52.—Foster, 1971b: 1455–1456, fig. 1–6. Malacoceros indicus.—Blake & Kudenov, 1978: 195. Type locality. Krusadai Island, Gulf of Manaar, Indian Ocean. Type material. Syntype (BMNH 1928.4.26.4). Records. Bahamas: South Mid Month of Creek, North Tohas Bay. Puerto Rico: Ponce, Arecibo (Foster 1971b). Remarks. Foster (1971a) redescribed the syntype of M. indicus. However, there are differences in morphology among Caribbean specimens and the syntype. Notopodial and neuropodial lamellae from Gulf of Mexico speci- 46 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. mens are different in shape to the lamellae from M. indicus from the type locality (Fauvel 1928). The record of this species from the Grand Caribbean is questionable. We believe that the specimens recorded as this Indian Ocean species are likely to represent other species. Malacoceros vanderhorsti (Augener, 1927) Scolecolepis vanderhosti Augener, 1927: 64, fig. 5. Malacoceros (Malacoceros) vanderhosti.—Foster, 1971b: 48, figs 86–92. Malacoceros vanderhorsti.—Johnson, 1984: 6.43–6.44, figs 6.33–6.34. Type locality. Curaçao, Antilles. Type material. Holotype (ZMH V–10362). Records. USA: off Texas and Florida, 10–75 m; coarse to very fine sand, silty fine sand, clayey sand, silty clayey sand, sandy silt, silt clay, sandy silty clay, intertidal sand to depths of 33 m, (Johnson 1984); Grand Isle, Louisiana (29º26.5´N, 88º 45´W), 30 m (Foster 1971b). Malacoceros jennicus Graff, Blake & Wishner, 2008 Malacoceros jennicus Graff, Blake & Wishner, 2008: 925–939, figs 1–2. Type locality. Kick´em Jenny, hydrothermally active submarine volcano in Lesser Antilles Arc, Caribbean (12º18.076´N, 61º38.256W), 262 m. Type material. Holotype (USNM 1086647), paratypes (USNM 1086649). Records. Only known from type locality. Genus Marenzelleria Mesnil, 1896 Marenzelleria Mesnil, 1896: 117; Maciolek, 1984a. Type species: Marenzelleria wireni Augener, 1913, by original designation. Marenzelleria jonesi Maciolek,1984 Marenzelleria jonesi Maciolek, 1984a: 55, 57, figs 3–4. Type locality. Delaware: Cape Henlopen, USA, intertidal sandflats. Type material. Holotype (USNM 80472), paratypes (USNM 80473, 80474, 80475). Records. Only known from type locality Remarks. Maciolek (1984a) mentions this species may be found along South Carolina, USA, however, this occurrence requires confirmation. Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill, 1873) Scolelepis viridis Verrill, 1873: 600–601.—Verrill, 1881: 301 Marenzelleria viridis.—Maciolek, 1984a: 51–55, fig. 2. Type locality. Great Egg Harbor; New Haven; Watch Hill; Woods Hole, USA; burrowing in sand, at low-water. Type material. lost. Records. USA: Rhode Island (Maciolek 1984a). CATALOGUE SPIONIDAE FROM THE GRAND CARIBBEAN Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 47 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Remarks. Maciolek (1984a) reports this species may be found in South Carolina, but this requires confirmation. Genus Microspio Mesnil, 1896 Microspio Mesnil, 1896: 119.—Maciolek, 1990: 1128. Type species: Spio mecznikowianus Claparède, 1869, designated by Söderström, 1920. Microspio pigmentata (Reish, 1959) Spiophanes pigmentada Reish, 1959: 11–14, plate 6, figs 1–5. Microspio pigmentata.—Johnson, 1984: 6.66–6.67, figs 6.55–6.56.—Maciolek, 1990: 1128–1130, fig. 8. Spio (Microspio) pigmentata.—Foster, 1971a: 35. Type locality. New Port, California, USA. Type material. Holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 0605). Records. USA: off Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Florida, 15–58 m, medium to fine sand, silty very fine sand, silty clayey sand, clayey sand (Johnson 1984); Florida, (27º33.2´N, 80º02.8´W), 34 m, (Maciolek 1990). Trinidad and Tobago: Port of Spain. Remarks. Maciolek (1990) found morphological differences between the holotype and Florida specimens; the holotype has hooded hooks with 2 pairs of teeth and Florida specimens have 3 pairs. However, she considered this a minor difference. We consider these important morphological differences, and an indication that the Florida material represents a different, undescribed species. Genus Minuspio Foster, 1971a. Minuspio Foster, 1971a: 106–107. Type species: Prionospio cirrifera (Wirén, 1883), by subsequent designation (Foster, 1971a: 106). Minuspio cirrifera (Wirèn, 1883) Prionospio cirrifera Wirèn, 1883: 409. Minuspio cirrifera.—Foster, 1971a: 108–112.—Amoureux, 1985: 103. Prionospio (Minuspio) cirrifera.—Maciolek, 1985: 352–356, fig. 10.—Johnson, 1984: 6.54–6.55, figs. 6.43–6.44.—GranadosBarba & Solís-Weiss, 1998: 11–115.—Bone & Viéitez, 2002: 71.—Long & Zottoli, 1997:90 Type locality. Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean, 3.5 m. Type material. lost. Records. USA: Grand Isle, Louisiana (Foster 1971a); Texas, Alabama, Mississippi, Tampa, Louisiana, Florida 19–98 m, coarse to fine sand, silty fine sand, silty clayey sand, sandy silt, clayey sandy silt, silty clay (Johnson 1984). Mexico: Coastal lagoons Tamiahua and Campeche, 17–125 m (Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss 1998). Puerto Rico: Mayaguez. Netherlands Antilles: Curaçao, Guadaloupe (Amoureux 1985). Venezuela: Morrocoy (Bone & Viéitez 2002). Bermudas: Gay Head-Bermuda (39º56.5´N, 70º39.9´W), 400 m. Bay of Biscay (43º43´N, 03º47.8´W), 641 m (Maciolek 1985). Remarks. This species has a confused history of description in the literature. In the last 25 years or so our understanding has improved a little, although the situation is still not fully resolved. Mackie (1984) gave a detailed description and drew attention to the downward-pointing neuropodial lamellae on chaetiger 2, among other things. This feature is present in the type material illustrated by Wirén, which has 6 pairs of branchiae. However, Mackie's figured specimens (not from the type locality) closely resemble Prionospio aluta Maciolek (1985). Sigvaldadôttir (2002) discussed P. cirrifera and P. aluta and placed them in synonymy. We believe that these species are separate 48 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. and belong to a more inclusive complex of similar species; all of which have ventrally-directed neuropodial lamellae on chaetiger 2, though some may have more or fewer than 6 pairs of branchiae, with or without interparapodial pouches. Therefore, we can say that the description of P. cirrifera by Maciolek (1985) is incorrect. The figured specimens lack the distinctive neuropodial shape and have more than 6 pairs of branchiae. Examinations of the descriptions in Foster (1971) and Johnson (1984) show that these materials differs from P. cirrifera from the Kara Sea in having more branchiae, and their anterior prostomia are more rounded. Minuspio delta (Hartman, 1965) Prionospio delta Hartman, 1965: 151. Prionospio (Minuspio) delta.—Maciolek, 1985: 376.—Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss, 1998: 115. Type locality. Surinam, (07°52´N, 54°35´W to 07°55´N, 54° 35´W), 520–550 m. Type material. Holotype (AHF Poly 0615), paratypes (AHF Poly 0616, USNM 67693, 67694, 67695). Records. Mexico: Tabasco and Campeche (Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss 1998). Surinam, 520–550 m (Maciolek 1985). Remarks. Maciolek (1985) described Minuspio delta as a species with wide distribution: northeast South America; West Africa; Delaware; Oregon; Gulf of California; 520–2200 m. Maciolek (1985) in her revision of Prionospio synonymized part of the M. cirrifera of Foster (1971a) with P. (Minuspio) delta and also synonymized P. longibranchiata Reish, 1968 with M. delta. We believe that the specimens recorded from the Grand Caribbean as M. delta will be found to represent an additional species if this group of species is reviewed based on material from world-wide localities. Minuspio fauchaldi Maciolek, 1985 Prionospio (Minuspio) fauchaldi Maciolek, 1985: 347–349: fig. 8. Type locality. North Atlantic Ocean: Gay Head-Bermuda (39°56.6´N, 71°03.6’W), 530 m, epibenthic sled. Type material. Holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 1362). Records. Bermuda: Tongue of the Ocean (24°53.5´N, 77°40.2´W) 2032 m. Surinam (07°09´S, 34°25.5´W to 07°08´S, 34°25´W), 770–805 m. Bahamas (24°53.4’N, 77° 40.2’W), 2032 m, (Maciolek 1985). Minuspio lighti Maciolek, 1985 Prionospio (Minuspio) lighti Maciolek, 1985: 363, figs 14A–E; Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss, 1998: 115. Type locality. Bainbridge Island, Washington, USA (47º40´N, 122º30´W). Type material. Holotype (USNM 74740), paratypes (USNM 7474). Records. Mexico: Tabasco, Campeche and Yucatan (Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss 1998). Remarks. The identity of the records from the Grand Caribbean need to be confirmed against the type material. Minuspio multibranchiata Berkeley, 1927 Prionospio (Minuspio) multibranchiata Berkeley, 1927: 414, plate 1, fig. 1.—Mackie, 1984: 40–45, fig. 3.—Maciolek, 1985: 365–367: fig. 15.—Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss, 1998: 115. Type locality. Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, intertidal. Type material. lost. CATALOGUE SPIONIDAE FROM THE GRAND CARIBBEAN Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 49 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Records. Mexico: Campeche, Yucatan (Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss 1998). Ascensión Bay, Quintana Roo, Mexico (29°20´N, 84°44´W), 30 m. USA: Hutchinson Island, Florida (27º20.4´N, 80º13.1´W), 9.7 m (Maciolek 1985). Remarks. This species has a confused diagnosis and subjet to different interpretations. Foster (1971) placed it in synonymy with M. cirrifera. Mackie's figured material somewhat resembles M. lighti Maciolek (1985), but differs in that they have dorsal crests and a different prostomial shape. The best description of M. multibranchiata available is that of Maciolek (1985). She included material from Washington State, south of Nanaimo (type locality) in her description. The only question is whether her west and east coast USA material is conspecific. The record of this species for the Grand Caribbean is questionable. These records should be confirmed or described as new species. Minuspio perkinsi Maciolek, 1985 Prionospio (Minuspio) perkinsi Maciolek, 1985: 360–361, 363, fig. 13.—Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss, 1998: 115–116. Type locality. Upper Tampa Bay, Florida, USA (27°49.0´N, 82°26.1´W), 4 m; (27°47.0´N, 82°34.1´W), 8 m; (27°46.9’N, 82°13.6’W), 9 m; (27°21.1´N, 80°13.9´W), 8.2 m. Type material. Holotype (USNM 67679), paratypes (USNM 67681, USNM 67682, USNM 67683, USNM 67680). Records. USA: Tampa Bay, Florida; Hutchinson Island, Florida (27º21.1´N, 80º13.9´W), 8.2 m; Grand Isle, Louisiana (24º14´N, 89º53´W), 10 m; (29º39.9´N, 93º30.6´W), 10 m (Maciolek 1985). Mexico: Campeche, 23–35 m (Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss 1998). Minuspio wireni Maciolek, 1985 Prionospio (Minuspio) wireni Maciolek, 1985: 367–368, fig. 16. Type locality. Beaufort, North Carolina, USA, intertidal. Type material. Holotype (USNM 67677), paratypes (USNM 42994). Records. Gulf of Mexico and Sea Caribbean (Maciolek 1985). Remarks. The name of Prionospio (Minuspio) wireni was introduced to the Grand Caribbean region when Maciolek (1985) synonymized part of her material of Minuspio cirrifera, but she did not give an explanation for the synonymy. Genus Paraprionospio Caullery, 1914 Paraprionospio Caullery, 1914: 359.—Wilson, 1990: 245. Type species: Prionospio pinnata Ehlers, 1901, designated by Caullery, 1914. Paraprionospio tamaii Delgado-Blas, 2004 Paraprionospio tamaii Delgado-Blas, 2004: 191–193, figs 1A–K. Type locality. Lake Worth, Florida, USA (26º36´N, 80º 03´W), muddy sand, 2.5–13 m. Type material. Holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 2139), paratypes (UMML 22.717, 22.718, 22.719, ECOSUR (0049). Records. Only known from type locality. Remarks. Yokoyama (2007) synonymized Paraprionospio tamaii and P. yokoyamai Delgado-Blas, 2004, with P. alata (Moore, 1923) from off Point Pinos Lighthouse, Monterey Bay, California, 102 m. However, we do not agree with these synonymies since P. tamaii, P. yokoyamai and P. alata have different notopodial and neuropodial 50 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. lamellae. These features have been used to separate other members of the genus. Their geographic distributions are remarkably different too: P. tamaii is found on the Atlantic Ocean side of Florida and perhaps northwards, while P. yokoyamai occurs in the Gulf of Mexico towards the south Caribbean. Therefore both species are considered as valid and P. alata, originally described from southern California, is not present in the Grand Caribbean (DelgadoBlas 2009). Paraprionospio yokoyamai Delgado-Blas, 2004 Paraprionospio yokoyamai Delgado-Blas, 2004: 193, fig. 2A–I. Paraprionospio pinnata.– Johnson, 1984: 6.44, figs 6.36 (non Ehlers, 1901).—Delgado-Blas, 2004:193. Type locality. Dry Tortugas and Naples, Florida, USA, (25º46´01´´N, 82º23´49´´W), 26 m; off Cabo Catoche, Quintana Roo, Mexico (22º15´5.23´´N, 86º36.9´67´´W), 76 m, off Isla Mujeres, Mexico (21º32´93´´N, 86º36´89´´W), 23 m; off Nuevo Progreso, Mexico (19º26´N, 92º23´W), 23 m, mud. Type material. Holotype (USNM 90709), paratypes (USNM 1020531, ECOSUR 0050, 0051, CP-ICMyL, UNAM POP-009-001). Records. Mexico: off Nuevo Progreso, Yucatán (19º18´N, 92º18´W), 100 m; Tamaulipas (22º18´36´´N, 97º50´08´´W); off Nautla, Veracruz (20º31.5´N, 96º58.1W), 39 m; Tamiahua, Veracruz (21º57´N, 97º23´W), 60 m; off Champoton, Campeche (19º43´N, 91º39´W), 20–47 m; Cayo Arcas, Campeche (19º20’N, 91º39´W), 31 m, muddy; Cabo Catoche, Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo (Delgado-Blas 2004). Remarks. See Remarks of Paraprionospio tamaii. Genus Polydora Bosc, 1802 Polydora Bosc, 1802.—Blake & Kudenov, 1978: 245.—Johnson, 1984: 620 Type-species: Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802, by monotypy. Polydora aggregata Blake, 1969 Polydora aggregata Blake, 1969:16, figs 12–15.—Blake, 1971: 8, figs 4–6. Maciolek, 1984b: 128–129. Polydora cf. aggregata.—Johnson, 1984: 6.24–6.26, figs 6.15–6.16. Type locality. Maine: Lamoine Beach State Park; Boothbay Harbor region, Ocean Point, USA. Type material. Holotype (USNM 42246), paratypes (USNM 42247–8). Records. USA: off southern Texas, 37 m, silt-clay-sand (Johnson 1984). Remarks. Johnson (1984) mentions that his specimen closely resembles the description of Polydora aggregata given by Blake (1971), in pigmentation, nature of the first and fifth chaetigers, and the heavy spines and hooded hooks; however, no clear, ciliated groove bordering the caruncle could be found and the caruncle extends past chaetiger 2. The presence of this species in the Grand Caribbean is questionable. It is necessary to re-examined Johnson's specimen (1984), and collect more specimens that can be examined and compared with type material. Polydora colonia Moore, 1907 Polydora colonia Moore, 1907: 199–201, plate 15, figs 18–23.—Blake, 1971:15–17.—Dauer, 1973: 192–196. Type locality. Massachusetts, Woods Hole; Hadley Harbor, USA. Type material. Holotype (ANSP 2324). Records. Jamaica (Blake 1971); USA: Gulf of Mexico, Florida (Dauer 1973). CATALOGUE SPIONIDAE FROM THE GRAND CARIBBEAN Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 51 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802: 150–153, p. 5, figs 7–8. Polydora cornuta.—Blake & Maciolek, 1987: 11–15, fig. 1A–F (neotype). Polydoraligni Webster, 1879: 119, plate 5, figs 45–47 (synonymy).—Johnson, 1984: 6.22–6.23, figs 6.13–6.14 (synonymy). Type locality. Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, USA, intertidal, in decaying wood infested with Teredo, among rocks with oysters. Type material. Neotype (USNM 98587). Records. USA: Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Mexico: Tamiahua Lagoon, Veracruz (Radashevsky 2005). The species was also reported as a common inhabitant of mud and sand flats in estuaries in the Gulf of Mexico (Hartman 1951; Foster 1971a; Rice 1978, 1980, 1981; Rice & Simon 1980; Bell & Coen 1982). USA: Texas, Louisiana, Alabama 10–36 m, clayey sand, silty clay, sand-silty-clay (Johnson 1984 as Polydora ligni Webster, 1879); Tampa, Florida, Aransas, Texas, (Johnson 1984 as Polydora ligni Webster, 1879). Puerto Rico (Foster 1971a). Polydora nanomon Orensy & Williams, 2009 Polydora nanomon Orensy & Williams, 2009: 229–240, figs 1–5. Type locality. St. Ann´s Bay, Jamaica (18º27´N, 77º12´W), Drax Hall, coral reef, from Leucozonia nassa leucozonalis inhabited by Calcinus tibicen, Strombus gigas inhabited by C. tibicen, Phimochirus holthuisi; Tide Pool Island, muddy sand, from L. nasssa leucozonalis, Tegula fasciata, and Cerithium sp. Inhabited by C. tibicen. Type material. Holotype (USNM 1110102), allotype (USNM 1110103), paratypes (USNM 1110103—USNM 1110110). Records. Only known from the type locality. Polydora quintanarooensis Delgado-Blas, 2008 Polydora quintanarooensis Delgado-Blas, 2008: 11–13, fig. 4. Type locality. Contoy Island, Quintana Roo, Mexico (21º30´8.4´´N, 86º47´45.3´´W); Campeche (19º51´N, 91º33´W), burrowing in rock fragments. Type material. Holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 2194), paratypes (ECOSUR 0084–0085). Records. Only known from type locality. Polydora websteri Hartman, 1943 Polydora caeca Webster, 1879: 252–253, figs 119–122. (not Ørsted, 1843). Polydora websteri Hartman, 1943 in Loosanoff & Eagle, 1943: 70–72, fig. 1.—Foster, 1971a: 26–27, figs 30–36.—Blake, 1971: 6–8, fig. 3.—Laverde-Castillo & Rodríguez-Gómez, 1987: 98. Polydora cf. websteri.—Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana, 2009: 113–118. Type locality. New England, USA. Type material. Type (LACM-AHF 1569). Records. USA: Alligator Harbor, Florida (Foster 1971a); Florida (Loosanoff & Eagle 1943); South Carolina (Blake 1971). Colombia: Nenguange (Laverde-Castillo & Rodríguez-Gómez 1987). Venezuela: Margarita Island (Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2009). 52 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Genus Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 Prionospio Malmgren, 1867: 201.—Sigvaldadóttir & Mackie, 1993: 203– 219. Type species: Prionospio steentrupi Malmgren, 1867. Prionospio cristata Foster, 1971. Prionospio cristata Foster, 1971a: 87–89, figs 186 –199.—Sigvaldadóttir & Mackie, 1993: 216. Prionospio (Prionospio) cristata.—Johnson, 1984: 6.51–6.53, figs 6.41–6.42.—Gobin, 1990: 43.—Maciolek, 1985: 340–341, fig. 4. Type locality. Beaufort, North Carolina, USA, shallow depths to 0.5 to 32 m, rocky pools, sand, sandy mud. Type material. Holotype (USNM 43001), paratypes (USNM 43002). Records. USA: Hutchinson Island, Florida (Maciolek 1985: 340); Port Aransas, Texas (Johnson 1984); Louisiana (Johnson 1984); off Shore Panama City (Foster 1971a). Puerto Rico (Maciolek 1985: 340). Trinidad and Tobago: Oropuche (Gobin 1990). Prionospio dubia Maciolek, 1985 Prionospio malmgreni var. dubia Day, 1961: 489–490, fig. 3J–N. Prionospio dubia Maciolek, 1985: 336–339, figs 2–3. Prionospio (Prionospio) dubia Day, 1961.—Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss, 1998: 116. Type locality. South Africa: off south coast (34º59´S, 22º18´E), 105 m, coarse khaki sand. Material type. Holotype (SAM) see Day (1961). Records. Mexico: Tabasco and Yucatan (Granados-Barba & Solís-Weiss 1998: 116). Remarks. Prionospio dubia widely recorded: Northwest Atlantic (off Long Island, USA, to Surinam), northeast Atlantic (northern North Sea to Mediterranean), southeast Atlantic (South Africa), off south coast of South Africa, Australia and Japan (Sigvaldadóttir et al. 1993). The identity of specimens from Grand Caribbean should be confirmed against the type material. Prionospio ehlersi Fauvel, 1928 Prionospio ehlersi Fauvel, 1928: 10.—Mackie & Hartley, 1990: 216, fig. 1A–L. Prionospio (Prionospio) ehlersi.—Maciolek, 1985: 345–347, fig. 7. Type locality. Morocco. Type material. Syntypes (MNHN A438, A449). Records. Bay of Biscay. Surinam (Maciolek 1985). Remarks. Mackie & Hartley (1990) re-examined the syntypes and redescribed the species. They distinguished a new species from P. ehlersi and discussed taxonomic features in the P. ehlersi-group as well as the 'cosmopolitan' distribution of the species. The record of this species for the Grand Caribbean is questionable. These records require verification and may be found to represent a new species if the group is revised based on material from worldwide localities Prionospio fallax Söderström, 1920 Prionospio fallax Söderström, 1920: 235–237, figs 144–145.—Fauvel, 1927: 61, fig. 21.—Foster, 1971a: 83.—Gobin, 1990: 43.—Bone & Viéitez, 2002: 71.—Sigvaldadóttir & Mackie, 1993: 207–211, 216, figs 3–5, tables 1–2. Prionospio (Prionospio) fallax.—Johnson, 1984: 6.49–6.50, figs 6.39–6.40. CATALOGUE SPIONIDAE FROM THE GRAND CARIBBEAN Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 53 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Type locality. Gullmaren, Islandsberg, Sweden. Type material. Syntypes (ZMU No. 158c). Records. USA: Florida (Foster 1971a); Alabama (Johnson 1984). Trinidad and Tobago: Oropuche (Gobin 1990). Venezuela: Morrocoy (Bone & Viéitez 2002). Remarks. The distribution of Prionospio fallax extends from the northeast Atlantic, from northern Scotland to the Mediterranean (Sigvaldadóttir et al. 1993). The identity of the records for the Grand Caribbean as Prionospio fallax is questionable and should be confirmed against the type material. Prionospio heterobranchia Moore, 1907 Prionospio heterobranchia Moore, 1907: 195—197, plate 15, figs 1–6.—Amoureux, 1985: 102. Prionospio (Minuspio) heterobranchia.—Maciolek, 1985: 341–343, fig. 5.—Gobin, 1990: 43. Type locality. Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA, on soft sediment. Type material. Holotype (ANSP 850). Records. USA: off Pierce Inlet, Florida (Maciolek 1985). Guadaloupe (Gillet 1987, Amoureux 1985). Trinidad and Tobago: Oropuche (Gobin 1990). Remarks. This species is easily distinguished by having five pairs of branchiae, three of which have digitiform pinnules, and by the extremely large posterior pair of prostomial eyes. Foster (1971a) proposed the synonymy of Prionospio heterobranchia texana Hartman, 1951, and P. h. newportensis Reish, 1959, with P. heterobranchia, and this was followed by Maciolek (1985). The record of P. heterobranchia in the Grand Caribbean is questionable, requiring comparison with the type material. Prionospio steenstrupi Malmgren, 1867 Prionospio steenstrupi Malmgren, 1867: 202.—Augener, 1906.—Foster, 1971a: 84.—Sigvaldadóttir & Mackie, 1993: 204– 207, figs 1–2, 5, table 1–2.—Bone & Viéitez, 2002: 72. Prionospio (Prionospio) steenstrupi.—Maciolek, 1985: 332–335, fig. 1.—Johnson, 1984: 6.47– 6.49, figs 6.37–6.38. Type locality. Iceland (65°53’N, 19°27’W), 73 m, clay. Type material. Syntypes (NHRM 3170). Records. USA: Florida (Foster 1971a); Alabama, Texas (Johnson 1984). Venezuela: Morrocoy (Bone & Viéitez 2002). Remarks. Sigvaldadóttir & Mackie (1993) redescribed this species and noted additional distinguishing features. They mention that the species only occurs off Iceland. All records of this species for the Grand Caribbean are questionable. Foster (1971) presented a description of Prionospio steenstrupi based on material from Alaska, Canada and the east coast of the USA. Foster’s specimens differ of P. steenstrupi in the shapes of second and third pairs of branchiae, and shapes of anterior neuropodial lamellae, also dorsal crests are present on setigers 6 to 16–18 and, in some specimens are present on chaetigers 15–25, and in other specimens crests are absent. We believe that the specimens recorded for the Grand Caribbean as P. steenstrupi Malmgren, 1867 represent a new species. Genus Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881 Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881: 362.—Blake & Kudenov, 1978: 267. Type species: Polydora antennata (Claparède, 1870) by original designation. Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1869) Polydora antennata Claparède, 1869: 60–61, plate 21, fig. 3. Pseudopolydora antennata.—Amoureux, 1985: 103. 54 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Type locality. Gulf of Naples, Italy. Type material. Not found. Records. Guadeloupe (Amoureux 1985, Gillet 1987). Remarks. The identity of specimens of this species from the Grand Caribbean is questionable and needs to be confirmed. Pseudopolydora floridensis Delgado-Blas, 2008 Pseudopolydora floridensis Delgado-Blas, 2008: 14–16, fig. 5. Type locality. Lake Worth, Florida, USA (26º36´N, 80º03´W), muddy-sand tubes in soft bottoms. Type material. Holotype (USNM–1073346), paratypes (ECOSUR–0086). Records. Only known from type locality. Genus Pygospio Claparède, 1863 Pygospio Claparède, 1863: 37.—Foster, 1971a: 29–32. Type species: Pygospio elegans Claparède, 1863. Pygospio elegans Claparède, 1863 Pygospio elegans Claparède, 1863: 37.—Foster, 1971a: 29–32, figs 37–47, table 2. Type locality. Normandy Coast, France. Type material. Not found. Records. México: off Veracruz (Foster 1971a). Remarks. Claparède (1863) described briefly to Pygospio elegans, however, shape of prostomium and branchiae from P. elegans is different to prostomium and branchiae of the specimenes from Gulf of Mexico. The type material is not available, and as a result specimens recorded from the Grand Caribbean are questionable Genus Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936 Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936: 51. Type species: Rhynchospio arenicola Hartman, 1936 Rhynchospio glutaea (Ehlers, 1897) Scolecolepis glutaea Ehlers, 1897: 83– 85, plate 5, figs 129–132, plate 6, figs 133–135. Malacoceros (Rhynchospio) glutaeus.—Foster, 1971a: 53–58, figs 100–111. Rhynchospio glutaea (Ehlers, 1897).—Blake & Kudenov, 1978: 199. Type locality. Straits of Magallan, Punta Arenas, Chile. Type material. Not found. Records. USA: Florida (Foster 1971a). Remarks. Rhynchospio arenincola Hartman, 1936, R. glutaea Hartman, 1953, and R. arenicola asiatica Chlebovitsch, 1959, were synonymized with M. glutaeus (Ehlers, 1897) by Foster (1971). She mentions that the species of Malacoceros (Rhynchospio) have previously been separated primarily on the basis of anal cirri; and in specimens from Florida seem to indicate that this is not reliable since anal cirri exhibit considerable variation in the kinds and arrangements of anal cirri present. On that basis, Foster synonymized several of the above species. Other CATALOGUE SPIONIDAE FROM THE GRAND CARIBBEAN Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 55 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. morphological characters are now recognised as important in species discrimination. The record of this species for the Grand Caribbean is questionable. We believe that the specimens recorded from the Grand Caribbean as R. glutaea (Ehlers, 1897) probably represent an undescribed species. Rhynchospio harrisae Delgado-Blas & Díaz-Díaz, 2010 Rhynchospio harrisae Delgado-Blas & Díaz-Díaz, 2010: 253–256, fig. 2A–N. Type locality. Holotype: Mahahual, Quintana Roo, Mexico (18º42’39’’N, 87º42’33’’W), paratypes: British Virgin Islands (18º26’42’’N, 64º31’59’’W), Guana Island (18º28’27’’N, 64º34’29’’W, 18º28’48’’N, 64º34’23’’W, 18º27’28’’N, 64º45’01’’W). Type material. Holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 2231), paratypes (LACM-AHF POLY 2240, 2236, 2237, 2239). Records. The species is only known from the type locality. Rhynchospio inflatus (Foster, 1971) Malacoceros (Rhynchospio) inflatus Foster, 1971a: 57–58, figs 112–117. Rhynchospio inflatus.—Blake & Kudenov, 1978: 198. Type locality. Off west coast of Bimini, Bahamas. Subtidal sand. Type material. Holotype (USNM 40178). Records. The species is only known from the type locality. Genus Scolelepis De Blainville, 1828 Scolelepis De Blainville, 1828: 492.—Pettibone, 1963: 89–104. Type species: Lumbricus squamatus Müller, 1806. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) agilis (Verrill, 1873) Nerine agilis Verill, 1873: 600. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) agilis.—Delgado-Blas, 2006: 81–83, fig. 3A–O. Type locality. South New Jersey, USA, intertidal in sand. Type material. Syntype (AMNH 1822) Records. USA: Gulf of Mexico, Florida (Hartman 1951). Scolelepis (Scolelepis) andradei Delgado-Blas, Díaz-Díaz & Liñero, 2010 Scolelepis (Scolelepis) andradei Delgado-Blas, Díaz-Díaz & Liñero, 2010: 90 (4), 783–787, fig. 1A–U. Type locality. Güiria (10º33’57’’N, 62º17’50’’W), 0.50 m; Peñon: (10º33’57’’N, 64º05’31’’W), 1.5 m on fine sand; Marina Cumanagoto, Cumaná, (10º28’37’’N, 64º11’12’’W), 1.5 m; Mochima Bay; San Carlos Island, Venezuela. Type material. Holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 2242), paratypes (LBP-Sp0001–6), (ECOSUR-0098–99). Records. Only known from type locality 56 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) goodbodyi (Jones, 1962) Nerinides goodbodyi Jones, 1962: 187–191, figs 66–68. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) goodbodyi.—Delgado-Blas, 2006: 83–85, fig. 4A–P. Type locality. Green Bay, Port Henderson, Jamaica. Type material. Holotype (AMNH 3609), paratypes (AMNH 3610). Records. The species is only known from the type locality. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) lighti Delgado-Blas, 2006 Scolelepis (Scolelepis) lighti Delgado-Blas, 2006: 85–88, figs 5A–K, 6A–F. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) lighti.—Delgado-Blas, Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana, 2010: 786. Type locality. Tamaulipas, Mexico (23°87’N 97°51’W), sand. Type material. Holotype (ECOSUR-0063), paratypes (ECOSUR-0059–0061). Records. Mexico: off Paraiso, Tabasco (18°32.1’N, 93°43.2’W); Isla Contoy, Quintana Roo (21°30’8.4”N, 86°47’45.3”W); Mahahual, Quintana Roo (18°40’9.6”N, 87°43’1.4’’W); Punta Allen, Quintana Roo (19°46’46”N, 87°28’33”W); Ascension Bay, Quintana Roo, (19°38’N, 87°30’W). Venezuela: Carenero (Delgado-Blas, DíazDíaz & Liñero-Arana, 2010). Scolelepis (Scolelepis) minuta (Treadwell, 1939) Nerine minuta Treadwell, 1939: 5, figs 18–20. Scolelepis (Scolelepis) minuta.—Delgado-Blas, 2006: 88–90, fig. 7A–P. Type locality. Port Aransas, Texas, USA. Type material. Holotype (AMNH 2566). Records. The species is only known from the type locality. Scolelepis (Parascolelepis) texana Foster, 1971 Scolelepis (Scolelepis) texana Foster, 1971a: 63–64, figs 132–142. Scolelepis texana.—Johnson, 1984: 6.34–6.35, figs 6.25–6.26. Scolelepis (Parascolelepis) texana.—Maciolek, 1987: 34–36, fig. 10.—Granados-Barba & Solis-Weiss, 1998: 116.—DelgadoBlas, 2006: 94—96: fig. 10A–F. Type locality. Texas, USA. Type material. Holotype (USNM 40175), paratypes (USNM 40176, 40177). Records. USA: Tampa, Florida; Port Aransas, Texas (Johnson 1984). Mexico: Quintana Roo (18°55’3.2”N, 87°52’8.1’W); Punta Hualastok, Bahía Ascension, Quintana Roo (19°38’47.9”N, 87°27’16.1”W); off Frontera, Tabasco (18°44’N, 92°56’W); off Celestun, Yucatan (21°02’N, 91°05’W); off Paraiso, Tabasco (18°39’ N, 93°15’W); off Campeche (20°57’N, 91°03’W) (Delgado-Blas 2006) . Scolelepis (Scolelepis) vossae Delgado-Blas, 2006 Scolelepis (Scolelepis) vossae Delgado–Blas, 2006: 91–92, figs 8A–K, 9A–G. Type locality. Florida, USA (25°32’N, 80°25’W). Type material. Paratypes (UMML 22.721), paratypes (ECOSUR 0062). Records. The species is only known from the type locality. CATALOGUE SPIONIDAE FROM THE GRAND CARIBBEAN Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 57 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Genus Spio Fabricius, 1785 Spio Fabricius, 1785: 32.—Foster, 1971a: 32.—Maciolek, 1990: 1111. Type species: Spio filicornis (Müller, 1776). Spio pettibonae Foster, 1971 Spio (Spio) pettiboneae Foster, 1971a: 35–37, figs 48–56. Spio pettiboneae.—Johnston, 1984: 6.63–6.65, figs 6.53– 6.54.—Gobin, 1990: 43.—Maciolek, 1990: 1125–1126, fig. 6.— Bone & Viéitez, 2002: 72. Type locality. Boca Ciega, Florida, USA. Type material. Holotype (USNM 42893), paratype (USNM 42894). Records. USA: Texas; Tampa Bay, Florida (Johnson 1984); Grand Isle, Louisiana (Foster 1971a). Trinidad and Tobago: Oropuche (Gobin 1990). Venezuela: Morrocoy (Bone & Viéitez 2002). Genus Spiophanes Grube, 1860 Spiophanes Grube, 1860: 88– 89.—Meißner & Hutchings, 2003: 118.—Meißner, 2005: 6. Type species: Spiophanes kroyeri Grube, 1860. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870) Spio bombyx Claparède, 1870: 485–487, plate XII, fig. 2. Spiophanes bombyx.—Foster, 1971a: 40–43, figs 66–75.—Johnson, 1984: 6.9–6.11, figs 6.1– 6.2.—Meißner, 2005: 8, table 11. Type locality. Gulf of Naples, Italy. Type material. lost. Records. USA: Florida; Alabama; Louisiana; Texas, (Johnson 1984); off Florida (26º46.45’N, 82º30.25’W), in 18 m (Meißner 2005). Remarks. Spiophanes bombyx is considered to be a common cosmopolitan species in sandy substrates (Meißner 2005). However, records from the Grand Caribbean should be confirmed against the type material or material from the type locality. Spiophanes kroeyeri Grube, 1860 Spiophanes kroeyeri Grube, 1860: 88– 89.—Hartman, 1965: 153.—Meißner, 2005: 8, 13–14, figs 1–3, table 1. Type locality. Greenland Sea. Type material. Lectotype (ZMB Q4746), Paralectotype (ZMB 11168), Syntypes (ZMB 4746), North Atlantic Ocean: Greenland Sea. Records. Bermuda. Brazil: Rio Amazonas; French Guyana (Hartman 1965). Remarks. The record of this species from the Grand Caribbean is questionable. Its identity should be confirmed by comparing with type material. Spiophanes duplex (Chamberlin, 1919) Morants duplex Chamberlin, 1919: 17. Spiophanes missionensis Hartman, 1941: 296–298, plate 46, figs 17–21.—Johnson, 1984: 6.14–6.15, figs 6.7–6.8.—Gobin, 1990: 43.—Meißner, 2005: 31–36, figs 16–19, table 10. 58 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Type locality. California, Balboa, USA. Intertidal. Type material. Holotype (LACM - AHF POLY 0601) (S. missionensis); Holotype: North Pacific Ocean, USA, California, Balboa (33º36´N, 117º54´W), intertidal (MCZ 2165) (= holotype of Morants duplex designated by Chamberlin, 1919). Records. USA: Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas (Johnson, 1984); off Florida; off Apalachicola River (29º37.01’N, 84º17.00’W), in 19 m, (26º46.45’N, 82º30.25’W), in 18 m. Puerto Rico: Barceloneta (18º29.45’N, 66º32.06’W), in 30 m (Meißner 2005). Trinidad and Tobago: Oropuche (Gobin 1990). Remarks. Spiophanes duplex is considered a species of wide distribution (Meißner 2005). The identity of the records from the Grand Caribbean should be confirmed by comparison with the type material. Spiophanes wigleyi Pettibone, 1962 Spiophanes wigleyi Pettibone, 1962: 83–85, figs 5–6.—Johnson, 1984: 6.11–6.13, figs 6.3–6.4.—Meißner & Hutchings, 2003: 128, figs 1E, 2A, G, 8–10.—Meißner, 2005: 61, table 10. Type locality. George Bank, Massachusetts, USA (40°09’N, 68°58’W), 70–135 m, very fine to coarse sand and gravel. Type material. Holotype (USNM 30402), paratype (USNM 30401), North Atlantic Ocean (40º0.9´N, 68º58´W), George Bank, off Massachusetts, in 70–135 m, 22 Aug 1957. Records. USA: Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas (Johnson 1984). Remarks. Spiophanes wigleyi is considered a cosmopolitan species (Meißner & Hutchings 2003, Meißner 2005). The records on the Grand Caribbean should be confirmed by comparison with the type material. Genus Streblospio Webster, 1879 Streblospio Webster, 1879.—Rice & Levin, 1998: 694. Type species: Streblospio benedicti Webster, 1879. Streblospio benedicti Webster, 1879 Streblospio benedicti Webster, 1879: 120–121, plate 5, figs 48–50.—Gobin, 1990: 43.—Laverde-Castillo & Rodrigrez-Gomez, 1987: 98. Type locality. New Jersey, USA. On beds of Mytilis edulis. Type material. Syntype USNM 71678. Records. Trinidad and Tobago: Oropuche (Gobin 1990). Colombia: Cienaga de Tesca (Laverde-Castillo & Rodríguez-Gómez 1987). Remarks. Streblospio benedicti has a wide distribution in the Grand Caribbean; its identity is questionable and should be confirmed against the type material. Streblospio gynobranchiata Rice & Levin, 1998 Streblospio gynobranchiata Rice & Levin, 1998: 694–103, figs 1–13. Type locality. Tampa Bay, Florida, USA, in 1 m, muddy sand. Type material. Holotype (USNM 178822), paratypes (USNM 178824), subtidal estuarine sediment, 1 m depth. Records. Trinidad and Tobago. USA: Massachusetts; San Francisco Bay; New Jersey; North Carolina (Rice & Levin 1998). CATALOGUE SPIONIDAE FROM THE GRAND CARIBBEAN Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 59 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Conclusion The spionid worms are represented by 24 genera and 66 species in the Grand Caribbean region. A total of 21 species in nine genera belong to Spioninae Söderström, 1920, the remaining 45 species in 15 genera belong to Nerininae. Of the recorded species in the region only 33 were originally described there and are currently recognised as valid. Most of these species were described in the last century and only 13 species have been described since 2000, furthermore the records are scarce, which suggest the need to increase the taxonomic studies to improve the knowledge of new areas to the Grand Caribbean. On the other hand 30 species are questionable due to potential differences in their morphological features relative to the original descriptions. In addition, these species have type localities distant from the Grand Caribbean, for some, their descriptions are old, their type locality is imprecise and the type material is lost. For others their record should be evaluated. Thus the re-examinations of type materials are needed to clarify whether they really have the wide distributions attributed to them in the literature. Molecular studies may be required to fully reveal cryptic species (e.g., Blank & Bastrop 2009) or determine true immigrants (e.g., see Simon et al. 2009). The genera best represented include: Minuspio (7 species), Scolelepis (7), Dipolydora (7), Polydora (6) and Prionospio (6). However, it is expected that with the exploration of microhabitats, such as sponges and corals that have not been investigated in this region, the number of species will increase. In this regard, studies in several localities along the Mexico Coast and adjacent regions of Central America also are needed. Acknowledgements The first author is grateful to the Dirección de la Division de Ciencias e Ingeniería to finance a research stay at the Tecnológico de Bahía de Banderas, Nayarit, to conduct this study. The second author thanks the Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) for support of the project EE004. The information used in this work was compiled during the elaboration of the “Catalogo electrónico de autoridades taxonómica de las especies de poliquetos del Gran Caribe”. We thank the comments of Kirk Fitzhugh, Robin Wilson, Pat Hutchings and two anonymous referees that greatly improved the manuscript. References Amoureux, L. (1985) Annélides benthiques récoltées a l'entrée de la Lagune de la Manche-a-Eau, Guadaloupe (Antilles). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série 4, 7, 93–107. Andrews, E.A. (1891) Report upon the Annelida Polychaeta of Beaufort, North Carolina. Proceeding of the United States National Museum, 14, 277–302. Augener, H. (1906) Westindische Polychaeten. In: Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, and on the coast of the United States, 1877–1880, by the U.S.S. Coast Survey Steamer Blake. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 43(4), 91–197. Augener, H. (1913) Polychaeta 1. Errantia. Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens, 4 (5), 63–304. Augener, H. (1927) Polychaeten von Curaçao. 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Historical sketch, with annotated list of the species hitherto recorded. Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 4, 285–324. Webster, H.E. (1879) The Annelida Chaetopoda of New Jersey. Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History, 32, 101–128. Wern, J.O. (1985) First record of the spionid polychaete Boccardiella ligerica (Ferroniére 1898) from the Gulf of Mexico. Contri- 64 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. bution Marine Science, 28, 123–128. Wilson, R.S. (1990) Prionospio and Paraprionospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Southern Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 50, 243–274. Wirén, A. (1883) Chaetopoder fran Sibiriska Ishafvet och Berings Haf Insamlade under Vega-Expeditionen 1878–1879. VegaExpeditionens Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser, pp. 383–426. Woodwick, K.H. (1964) Polydora and related genera (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Eniwetok, Majuro, and Bikini Atolls, Marshall Islands. Pacific Science, 18, 146–159. Yokoyama, H. (2007) A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 151, 253–284. List 1. Spionids species with questionable distribution in the Grand Caribbean Aonidella cirrobranchiata (Day, 1961) Type locality. Southwest Africa (34º17´S, 17º53´E); Cabo Coast, South Africa (34°11´S, 18°13´E). Aonides paucibranchiata Southern, 1914 Type locality. Clew Bay, Berehaven, Ireland. Aurospio dibranchiata Maciolek, 1981 Type locality. Argentine Basin (36°49.0’S, 53°15.4’W); (36º12.7´S, 52º42.7´W). Boccardiella ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) Type locality. Estuary of Loire, France. Dipolydora armata (Langerhans, 1880) Type locality. Madeira. Dipolydora caulleryi (Mesnil, 1897) Type locality. France. Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883) Type locality. Kiel Canal, Germany. Dipolydora socialis (Schmarda, 1861) Type locality. Viña del mar, Chile. Laonice cirrata (Sars, 1851) Type locality. Finnmark, Norway. Malacoceros indicus (Fauvel, 1928) Type locality. Krusadai Island in the Gulf of Manaar, Indian Ocean. Marenzelleria jonesi Maciolek, 1984 Type locality. Delaware: Cape Henlopen, USA, sandflats, intertidal. Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill, 1873) Type locality. Great Egg Harbor; New Haven; Watch Hill; Wood´s Hole, USA. Microspio pigmentata (Reish, 1959) Type locality. Newport, California, USA. Minuspio cirrifera (Wirèn, 1883) Type locality. Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean Minuspio lighti Maciolek, 1985 Type locality. Bainbridge Island, Washington, USA (47º40´N, 122º30´W). Minuspio multibranchiata Berkeley, 1927 Type locality. Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, intertidal. CATALOGUE SPIONIDAE FROM THE GRAND CARIBBEAN Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press · 65 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Polydora aggregata Blake, 1969 Type locality. Maine: Lamoine Beach State Park; Boothbay Harbor region. Ocean Point, USA. Prionospio dubia Maciolek, 1985 Type locality. South Africa: off south coast, 34º59´S, 22º18´E. Prionospio ehlersi Fauvel, 1928 Type locality. Morocco. Prionospio fallax Söderström, 1920 Type locality. Gullmaren, Islandsberg, Sweden. Prionospio heterobranchia Moore, 1907 Type locality. Woods Hole, Massachussetts, USA. Prionospio steenstrupi Malmgren, 1867 Type locality. Iceland, 65°53’ N 19°27’ W. Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1869) Type locality. Gulf of Naples, Italy. Pygospioelegans Claparède, 1863 Type locality. Normandy Coast, France. Rhynchospio glutaea (Ehlers 1897) Type locality. Straits of Magallan, Punta Arenas, Chile. Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870) Type locality. Gulf of Naples, Italy. Spiophanes duplex (Chamberlin, 1919) Type locality. California, Balboa, USA. Spiophanes kroeyeri Grube, 1860 Type locality. Greenland Sea. Spiophanes wigleyi Pettibone, 1962 Type locality. Georges Bank, Massachussetts, USA. Streblospio benedicti Webster, 1879 Type locality. New Jersey, USA. 66 · Zootaxa 2782 © 2011 Magnolia Press View publication stats DELGADO-BLAS & SALAZAR-SILVA

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