A checklist of the Cirripedia of the South China Sea

Diana Jones

The subfamilies Acastinae and Bryozobiinae and the genus Membranobalanus are three groups of barnacles (Cirripedia: Archaeobalanidae) with species known to be obligate symbionts of Porifera. Few studies have attempted to identify both sponge and barnacle taxa in these relationships. Even less is known regarding the species-level specificity of the relationships. Taxonomic data from identified specimens sampled at the Porifera collection of the Queensland Museum is compiled with sponge identifications made from the sponge-inhabiting barnacles in the Cirripedia collection at the California Academy of Sciences. The combined dataset of barnacle taxa and their sponge hosts is examined for host specificity for barnacle species, genera and subfamily levels. The sponge symbiont species in the subfamily Acastinae live in a broad range of Porifera (at least 81 species of Porifera from several different orders). However, barnacle species in Membranobalanus are almost always obligate symbionts of clionaid sponges, and all but one genus in the Bryozobiinae are only found with Clathria sp. (Microcionidae). Bryozobia was originally believed to be a symbiont of the calcareous bryozoan on which it was discovered (Ross and Newman, 1996), but more recently published data show it to be an obligate symbiont of Clathria sp. growing in or on calcareous substrata (Van Syoc and Newman, 2010). All known Bryozobines inhabit thin, encrusting sponges. This enables them to maintain a tenuous contact with the substratum beneath the sponge.

Two new species of cirripedes are described from mid Burdigalian (Ottnangian) deposits in Lower Bavaria (Germany) and Upper Austria. A third species, " Arcoscalpellum " sp., is left in open nomenclature. Scillaelepas danningeri sp. nov. is the seventh extinct species belonging to the genus Scillaelepas. It is characterized by: a tergum with the occludent margin much longer than the upper carinal margin and internally with the apical part raised and marked by growth-lines cut by fine radial striae; a scutum externally with the tergal surface marked by a groove, with or without ridges, radiating from the apex. Conopea bacata sp. nov. is the sixth fossil species belonging to the genus Conopea and one of the oldest. This species is characterized by its shell with growth ridges beaded. In addition, Paractinobalanus moronii Carriol, 2008 is assigned to Conopea Say. Deux nouvelles espèces de cirripèdes sont décrites provenant de dépots du Burdigalien moyen (Ottnang-ien) de Basse-Bavière (Allemagne) et de Haute-Autriche. Une troisième espèce, « Arcoscalpellum » sp., est laissée en nomenclature ouverte. Scillaelepas danningeri sp. nov. est la septième espèce fossile appar-tenant au genre Scillaelepas. Elle est caractérisée par : un tergum dont le bord occluseur est beaucoup plus long que le bord carénal supérieur et dont, intérieurement, la partie apicale surélevée présente des bourrelets d'accroissement coupés par de fines stries radiales ; un scutum possédant extérieurement sur sa surface tergale un sillon, avec ou sans arêtes, rayonnant depuis l'apex. Conopea bacata sp. nov. est la sixième espèce fossile appartenant au genre Conopea et l'une des plus anciennes. Elle est caractérisée par l'ornementation perlée des bourrelets d'accroissement du test. Par ailleurs, Paractinobalanus moronii Carriol, 2008 est assigné à Conopea Say.

THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8: 233-307 © National University of Singapore A CHECKLIST OF THE CIRRIPEDIA OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA Diana S. Jones, Melissa A. Hewitt and Alison Sampey Crustacean Section, Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Perth, W. Australia 6000. ABSTRACT. - A checklist of published records of the barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica) of the South China Sea is presented, with 315 species belonging to 76 genera and 21 families recorded. The South China Sea cirripede fauna is tropical and subtropical in nature. A small group of species exhibits cosmopolitan distributions but the majority of species are either widely distributed in the lndo-West Pacific faunal province or in the lndo-Australian sub-faunal province. A small group of species have western Pacific affinities. Another small group of species is restricted to the South China Sea, and there is also an endemic element of the Sino-Japanese region. KEY WORDS. - Barnacles, Cirripedia, South China Sea INTRODUCTION The systematic arrangement used here reflects inferred phylogenetic relationships within the Cirripedia (Thoracica). The sequence is based mainly upon that given by Newman (1996) and also accommodates a more recent generic revision of the Verrucidae (Young, 1998). Genera and species are arranged alphabetically within each family. Each species is entered under the current binomen. This is followed by the author's name, date of publication and page number. The original combination and known synonyms are also listed. Geographic distributions are recorded by general areas, noted from west to east and south to north, with localities in the South China Sea additionally specified where possible. Where uncertainty regarding some species records exist, these are recorded with a query and a note. Bathymetric ranges, substrate types and hosts are noted where possible. More extensive information concerning hosts is essential to understanding the habitat and the geographic range of epizoic species as well as the microhabitats they occupy on their hosts. A reference number refers to the Literature Cited list at the end of the paper. The latter comprises taxonomic papers, which provide species descriptions, diagnostic drawings, anatomical and whole specimen descriptions, taxonomic keys and the names of repositories where specimens are held; general geographical distributional literature; and some taxonomy-related ecological and biological papers. 233 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Biogeography. - The cirripedian fauna of the South China Sea is tropical and subtropical in nature. Some species are typically tropical (eg Lithotrya valentiana, Octolasmis grayi, Creusia spinulosa, Savignium crenatum), with many associated with either coral reefs or occurring epizoically on marine vertebrates and invertebrates. The majority of South China Sea barnacle species are either widely distributed in the Indowest Pacific faunal province, or in the Indo-Australian sub-province of the Indo-west Pacific region (ie the area defined by the Indo-Malayan Archipelago, Australia and New Guinea, to Japan). Indo-west Pacific species may be recorded from east African shores through to the Pacific Ocean, as well as from Australia, through the South China Sea to Japan (eg Ibla cumingi, Altiverruca cristallina, Chthamalus malayensis). Examples of Indo-Australian species are Calantica trispinosa, Rostratoverruca krugeri and Euacasta dofleini. A group of species found in the South China Sea has a cosmopolitan distribution (eg Lepas (Anatifa) pectinata, Conchoderma virgatum, Platylepas hexastylos), some of which are well known fouling species (eg Balanus amphitrite, Balanus trigonus, Megabalanus tintinnabulum). A small group of species is restricted to the South China Sea (eg Paralepas robusta, Scalpellum typicum, Pachylasma chinense, Conopea canaliculatus). There is also an endemic element of the Sino-Japanese region, which includes some warm-water species occurring in the East and the South China Seas and in waters of southern Japan (eg Heteralepas smilius, Koleolepas avis, Conopea granulata, Neoacasta coriobasis), as well as a small group of species which have western Pacific affinities (eg Temnaspis kilepoae, Octolasmis hawaiense, Solidobalanus (Solidobalanus) hawaiensis). Dong et al. (1980), in a study of the Cirripedia of the China Sea, listed 80 species belonging to 29 genera in 13 families, 71 of which were recorded from the South China Sea. The checklist presented herein records 316 species belonging to 76 genera in 21 families. CHECKLIST OF THE BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: THORACICA) OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA CLASS MAXILLOPODA Dahl, 1956 SUBCLASS CIRRIPEDIA Burmeister, 1834 (= Cirrhipedes Lamarck, 1806) SUPERORDER THORACICA Darwin, 1854 ORDER PEDUNCULATA Lamarck, 1818 Suborder Heteralepadomorpha Newman, 1987 Family Heteralepadidae Nilsson-Cantell, 1921 Genus Heteralepas Pilsbry, 1907 Heteralepas cornuta (Darwin, 1851: 165) Cosmopolitan: Atlantic Ocean (off St Vincent, W. Indies); Indo-Pacific: Indian Ocean; Andaman Is; Philippines; attached to echinoid spine; 90-4315 m. (128, 195,333,349,449,451,459,500,501,547,592); (86, as Alepas cornuta); (42, as Heteralepas (Heteralepas) cornuta). 234 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Heteralepas gigas Annandale, 1905: 80 Malay Arch.; 238-915 m. (18, 364, 592); (80, as Alepas gigas). Heteralepas japonica (Aurivillius, 1892: 125) Indo-west Pacific: Wand E Indian Ocean; Australia; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; Condor Is; S China Sea; China; Philippines; Japan; NE New Zealand; fouling species; 48-500 m. (44,46,95, 112a, 124, 169b, 182,205,279,303,347,349,364,365,367, 372,400,451, 522,520, 547,592); (22, 23, 128, as Alepasjaponica); (39, as Heteralepas (Heteralepas) dubia); (128, as Alepas indica). Heteralepas smilius Ren, 1983: 86 S China Sea (l8°30'N, Ill°30'E); E China Sea (27°30'N, 126°00'E); attached to antipatharians, hydroids; 162-217 m. (425, 205). Genus Paralepas Pilsbry, 1907 Paralepas distincta Utinomi, 1949: 26 Taiwan; Japan; epizoic on Panulirus japonicus (Von Siebold); shallow water. (512, 528, 592). Paralepas lithotryae (Hoek, 1907: 39) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; Philippines; attached to cirripedes (Lithotrya sp., Lithotrya nicobarica); littoral. (372,333,592); (197, as Alepas lithotrya); (442, as Paralepas lithotryae). Paralepas morula (Hoek, 1907: 35) Flores Sea; Philippines; Bass Strait, N of Tasmania; attached to spines of Porocidaris elegans; 182-538 m. (450,592); (197, as Alepas morula); (39, as Heteralepas (Paralepas) morula). Paralepas malaysiana (Annandale, 1905 : 81) Gaspar Sraits, Malay Arch.; 55 m. (592); (3, as Alepas malaysiana); (7, as Heteralepas malaysiana); (18, as Heteralepas (Paralepas) malaysiana). Paralepas nodulosa (Broch, 1922: 286) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; E and S China Seas; Philippines; attached to spines of Cidaris sp.; 110-546 m. (205,303,333,433,451,592); (39, as Heteralepas (Paralepas) nodulosa). 235 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Paralepas quadrata (Aurivillius, 1894: 30) Java Sea; Taiwan; China; Philippines; Japan; N New Zealand; ? Californian coast; epizoic on decapods (crabs and lobsters); 0-150 m. (95, 96, 112a, 182, 185, 192, 205,442, 512, 520, 528, 535, 592); (23, as Alepas quadrata); (164, as Heteralepas (Heteralepas) pernconicola); 181, as Heteralepas (Heteralepas) quadrata); (333, as Heteralepas quadrata). Paralepas robusta Rosell, 1981: 289 NE of Lubang I., Philippines (l4°02.2'N, 120 0 17.7'E); attached to echinoid spine; 184-193 m. (449). Paralepas scutiger (Broch, 1922: 184) Philippines; Japan; 728 m. (451, 592); (39, as Heteralepas (Paralepas) scutiger). Family Koleolepadidae Hiro, 1933 Genus Koleolepas Stebbing, 1900 Koleolepas avis (Hiro, 1931: 147) China, Japan; attached to molluscs (eg Eusinus nodoplicatus) and crustaceans (eg Pagurus arrosor); 20-100 m. (169a, 183, 205, 303, 522, 538, 592); (164, as Heteralepas (Heteralepas) avis). Suborder Iblomorpha Newman, 1987 (= Prothoracica Anderson, 1994: 332) Family Iblidae Leach, 1825 (= Iblinae Pilsbry, 1907) Genus Ibla Leach, 1825 Ibla cumingi Darwin, 1851: 183 Indo-west Pacific: Red Sea; Persian Gulf; Madagascar; N, Wand E Indian Ocean; Australia; Borneo; Sumatra; Sunda Is; Malay Arch.; Gulf of Thailand; Ream and Fu Kuoh Is (Cambodia); Condor Is; Lien Chien, Tourane; S China Sea; Hong Kong; China; Taiwan; Philippines; S Japan (S Honshu; Kyushu and Ryukyu Is); Palao Is.; littoral. (9,19,44,46,84,86,95,96,111, 113b, 178,181,182,183,203,205,211,291,303, 329a, 333, 347, 354,364,372,433,440,442,512,520,528,535,537,547, 583a, 592); (13, as Ibla cumingi f. siboga); (196, as Ibla sibogae). 236 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Suborder Lepadomorpha Pilsbry, 1916 Family Oxynaspididae Grovel, 1905 Genus Oxynaspis Darwin, 1851 Oxynaspis sp. China. (95). Oxynaspis aurivillii Stebbing, 1900: 675 Indo-west Pacific: Dar-es-Salaam; Gulf of Aden; Gulf of Thailand; Macc1esfield Bank, S China Sea; China; Bonin Is, Japan; New Britain; attached to Antipatharia spp; 10-453 m. (468, 113b, 183, 205, ｾＲＳ 339, 347, 430, 492, 508, 592). Oxynaspis bocki Nilsson-Cantell, 1921: 228 China; Philippines; Japan; attached to antipatharians; 150-300 m. (347, 183,205,303,339,449,508,592). Oxynaspis celata Darwin, 1851 Cosmopolitan in tropical and warm temperate seas: W. Indies; Madeira; Indian Ocean; off Mauritius; Bay of Bengal; W & N Australia; Malay Arch.; Condor Is; C. St Jacques (Cochinchina); Cauda Nhatrang; China; Luzon, Philippines; S Japan; SW Pacific (off New Zealand); fouling and attached to Antipatharia and Sertularia spp; 50-1425 m. (86, 112a, 128, 183,347,367,339,522,580,592); (7, as Oxynaspis celata indica); (39, as O. celata japonica); (46, as Oxynaspis celata indica); (176, as sub sp. indica); (372, as Oxynaspis celata indica); (451, as Oxynaspis indica); (508, as O. celata hirtae, as Oxynaspis celata indica). Oxynaspis connectens Broch, 1931: 34 Indonesia; Philippines (NE Lubang I.); SW Pacific; attached to antipatharians; 183-245m. (44,449,451,592); (508, O. cancelatae). Oxynaspis faroni Totton, 1940: 483 Red Sea; China; attached to antipatharians (eg Antipathes lentispina Brook); 20 m. (508, 205, 592). Oxynaspis granti Totton, 1940: 480 S of Penang; attached to antipatharian. (508, 339, 592). Oxynaspis pacifica Hiro, 1931: 143 S China Sea; China; Taiwan; Japan; attached to antipatharians. (95,96, 164, 183, 182, 192, 193,205,339,512,520,528,535,579,592). 237 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Oxynaspis reducens Foster, 1982: 221 Fung Head, Sai Kung Pen., Hong Hong; China; attached to antipatharians (Antipathella japonica, Cirripathes anguinas); 12 m. (113b, 205). Family Poecilasmatidae Annandale, 1909 Genus Poecilasma Darwin, 1851 Poecilasma kaempferi kaempferi Darwin, 1851: 102 Cosmopolitan in tropical and warm temperate waters: Atlantic Ocean; Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; S China Sea; China; Japan; S Pacific Ocean; usually attached to decapods (eg Geryon trispinosus (Herbst»; 19-1885 m. (7,27,39,86, 115, 126, 128, 185,205,303,347,349,396,492,512,520,592); (44, 169b, as Poecilasma kaempjeri fonna eu-kaempjeri); (112a, 182, 183,495, as Trilasmis (Poecilasma) kaempjeri (Darwin»; (196, as Poecilasma dubium); (279, as Poecilasma kaempjeri var. dubium); (372, as Trilasmis kaempjeri); (392, as Poecilasma kaempjeri novaeangliae); (392, as Poecilasma inaequilaterale); (554, as Poecilasma kaempjeri var. aurantium Darwin). Poecilasma kaempferi dubium (Hoek, 1907: 6) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean (Gulf of Manaar); Indonesia (Banda Sea); Philippines (off Batangas). (450,451,592); (196, as Poecilasma dubium); (7, as Poecilasma kaempjeri subsp. dubium); (279, as Poecilasma kaempjeri var. dubium). Poecilasma litum Pilsbry, 1907: 85 Cosmopolitan: China; SE Pacific; attached to decapods (eg Cervimunida princeps Benedict); 150-1866 m. (205,303,592); (7, 392, 580, as Poecilasma kaempjeri subsp.litum); (309b, as Poecilasma kaempjeri). Poecilasma obliqua Hoek, 1907: 12 S of Kur and Taam Is, Malay Arch.; S China Sea; China; Japan; attached to decapods (eg Geryon trispinosus (Herbst), Macrocheira kaempferi (de Haan»; 204-864 m. (205,303,592); (196, as Poecilasma obliquum); (44, as Temnaspis obliqa); (182,183, as Trilasmis (Poecilasma) obliquum); (279, as Poecilasma (Trilasmis) obliquum). Genus Glyptelasma Pilsbry, 1907 Glyptelasma annandalei Pilsbry, 1907: 89 E Africa; Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; China; E China Sea; mid Pacific Ocean; 1115-1557m. (205, 287, 303, 350, 372, 433, 592); (59, 392, as Megalasma annandalei); (59, as Megalasma (Glyptelasma) annandalei). 238 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Glyptelasma carinatum (Hoek, 1883: 44) Cosmopolitan - W Indies; N Atlantic Ocean; S. Africa; Malay Arch.; S China Sea; SE Pacific Ocean; 60-2865 m. (27,44, 57, 112a, 392, 395, 580); (195, as Poecilasma carinatum); (196, as Poecilasma carinatum); (347, as Poecilasma (Glyptelasma) carinatum); (592, as Megalsma (Glyptelasma) carinatum). Glyptelasma gigas (Annandale, 1916: 299) Indian Ocean; Australia; Malay Arch.; Indonesia; fouling; 236-1092 m. (358, 372); (18, as Poecilasma gigas); (59, 350, 592, as Megalasma (Glyptelasma) gigas). Glyptelasma gracile (Hoek, 1883: 46) E Indian Ocean; Australia; Indonesia (Sumbawa); Malay Arch; Philippines (NW Panay I.); 395-935 m. (372,451); (195, as Poecilasma gracile); (392, as Megalasma gracile gracilus); (592, as Megalasma (Glyptelasma) gracile). Glyptelasma hamatum Calman, 1919: 370 Atlantic Ocean; Indian Ocean; Singapore; China; Pacific Ocean; fouling; 366-3660m. (112a, 205, 303, 349, 358, 365); (59, 592, as Megalsma (Glyptelasma) hamatum). Glyptelasma pilsbryi (Calman, 1919: 365) Cosmopolitan: Atlantic Ocean; Indian Ocean; Australia; Malay Arch; Pacific Ocean; mid Pacific guyots; 910-2730 m. (287, 350, 372); (59, 592, as Megalasma (Glyptelasma) pilsbryi). Subgenus Megalasma Hoek, 1883 Megalasma minus Annandale, 1906b: 399 Cosmopolitan: Atlantic Ocean; Indo-west Pacific; E coast of Africa (Zanzibar); Indian Ocean; Indonesia; Malay Arch; Philippines; S Japan; Pacific Ocean; 295-2050 m. (27, 39,59,350,372,451); (5a, as Megalasma striatum minus); (7, as Megalasma minus Race I, II (M. belium); (196, as M. lineatum); (392, as Megalasma belium); (396, as Poecilasma belium); (592, as Megalasma (Megalasma) minus). Megalasma striatum Hoek, 1883: 51 Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; N Australia; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; S Japan to New Zealand, SW Pacific; attached to echinoids (eg Stylocidaris annulosa) and antipatharians ( Antipathes sp.); 125-984 m. (39,44,95,96, 112a, 128, 183, 195, 196,205,303, 372,431,449,450,451, 522);(592, as Megalasma (Megalasma) striatum). 239 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Genus: Temnaspis Fischer, 1884 Temnaspis amygdalum (AuriviIlius, 1894: 10) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Madagascar through Malaysia, Hong Kong, S China Sea; China; Taiwan; Philippines; Japan; tropical Wand central Pacific Ocean to Fiji and Hawaii; attached to decapods (Panulirus stimpsoni Holthuis, 1963, Panulirus japonicus (Von Siebold)). (95, 96, 113b, 205, 303, 329a, 372, 433, 592); (23, 128, 347, as Poecilasma amygdalum); (7, as Poecilasma fissum Darwin); (Ill, 182, 183, 372, 512, 528, as Trilasmis (Temnaspis) amygdalum (Aurivillius)); (196, as Poecilasmafissum Darwin); (347, as Poecilasma amygdalum madagascariense); (406, as Trilasmis fissum hawaiense Pilsbry). Temnaspis bathynomi (Annandale, 1906: 45) Indian Ocean; S China Sea; attached to pleopods of isopods (Bathynomus giganteus A. MilneEdwards); 327-1086 m. (5b, 205, 303, 372, 541, 592 ); (7, as Dichelaspis bathynomi). Temnaspis donghaiense (Du & Zhu, 1986), nomen nudum China. (205). Du & Zhu (1986) named this taxon as Trilasmis (Temnaspis) donghaiense from specimen(s) in the East China Sea. As no description was appended, the name is effectively a nomen nudum. Temnaspis excavatum (Hoek, 1907: 10) Indo-west Pacific: E Africa (Zanzibar); Gulf of Aden; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; Goto Is (S Japan); attached to echinoid spines (Pleistacantha sanctijohannis, Echinoplax pungens), to crustaceans (Puerulus angulatus (Bate), Ibacus ciliatus (Siebold), Macrocheira kaempfer Temminck, Carcinoplax longimanus (de Haan), Bathynomus giganteus A. Milne-Edwards, palinurid cirripedes (Heteralepas japonica); 200-500 m. (95, 96, 185, 205, 303, 449, 451, 493, 592); (196, as Poecilasma excavatum); (44, as Temnaspis excavatum); (46, as Temnaspis tridens forma asymmetrica); (182, 183, as Trilasmis(Temnaspis) excavatum); (371, as Trilasmis excavatum); (492, as Dichelaspis (Dichelaspis) tridens); (348,492, as Poecilasma (Temnaspis) excavatum); (554, as Poecilasma tridens). Temnaspis fissum Darwin, 1851: 109 Temate, Halmahera I., Indonesia; Philippines; New Caledonia; Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia; Jaluit; Marshall Is; Honolulu, Hawaii; attached to crustaceans (crabs, Palinurus spp). (196, 442, 592, 55Ia); (86, as Poecilasma fissa). Temnaspis kilepoae Zevina, 1968: 38 China; W Pacific; attached to Thenus sp. (205, 303, 579, 580, 592). 240 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Temnaspis lenticula (Aurivillius, 1894: 12) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Malagasy (Madagascar); Java Sea; Malay Arch., Philippines; attached to crustaceans (Palinurus sp., anomuran crabs). (372,442,592); (23, 128, as Poecilasma lenticula); (10, 196, as Poecilasmafissum); (347, 358, as Poecilasma (Trilasmis) lenticula); (440, as Trilasmis (Temnaspis) lenticula). Temnaspis tridens tridens (Aurivillius, 1894: 14) S Atlantic; Indo-west Pacific: E Indian Ocean; Bay of Bengal; Singapore; Gaspar Str.; Malay Arch.; Gulf of Thailand; Bay of Tonkin; Condor Is; China; Philippines; SW Pacific; attached to gill chamber, mouthparts and carapace of decapods (Charybdis cruciata, Charybdis anisodon, Charybdis natator, Myomenippe hardwicki, Ovalipes punctatus (de Haan), Podophthalmus vigil, Portunus pelagicus, Portunus sanguinolentus, Portunus trituberculatus Miers, Thalamita crenata, Thalamita spinimana, Thenus orientalis (Lund)); 16-296 m. (9,10,205,218,222,303,319,365,372,541,580,592); (23,128,347, as Poecilasma tridens); (7, as Dichelaspis tridens); (27, 113b, 364, 501, as Octolasmis tridens); (46, as Temnaspis tridens tridens (Aurivillius»; (46, 579, as Temnaspis tridens); (128, 291, as Dichelaspis occlusa); (449, 450, 495, as Trilasmis (Temnaspis) tridens); (492, as Dichelaspis (Dichelaspis) tridens). Temnaspis tridens asymmetrica Broch, 1947: 20 Condor Is. (592); (46, as Temnaspis tridens tridens (Aurivillius». Genus Octolasmis Gray, 1825 Octolasmis aperta (Aurivillius, 1894: 24 ) Java Sea; Philippines; gill chambers of decapods; shallow water. (23,442). Octolasmis angulata angulata (Aurivillius, 1894: 22) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; Singapore; Hong Kong; China; Philippines; Japan; attached to gills and mouthparts of a variety of decapods (eg. Atergatis integerrimus, Charybdis cruciata, Charybdis natator, Camposcia retusa, Charybdis truncata, Etisus utilis, Lophozozymus pictor, Menippe rumphii, Myomenippe hardwicki, Podophthalmus vigil, Portunus pelagicus, Portunus sanguinolentus, Thalamita crenata, Thalamita danae, Thalamita exaratus, Thalamita spinimana ); shallow water. (23,95,96, 113b, 182,205,222,224,218,303,365,367,372,440,535,541, 579, 580, 592); (5b, as Dichelaspis transversa); (7, 128, as Dichelaspis angulata); (7, 128, as Dichelaspis aperta); (128, as Dichelaspis cuneata). Octolasmis bullata (Aurivillius, 1892: 125) check 1894: 26 Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Java; Singapore; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; Japan; attached to gills of decapods (eg Panulirus polyphagus (Herbst), Panulirus stimpsoni Holthuis); shallow water. (205,222,303,541); (22, as Dichelaspis bullata); (7, 23, as Dichelaspis angulata); (96, 113b, 365, 537, as Octolasmis angulata bullata); (182, 537, as Octolasmis angulata f. bullata); (442, as Octolasmis (Octolasmis) angulata f. bullata). 241 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Octolasmis carpilii Rosell, 1967: 296 Philippines; attached to protopodite of cheliped of decapods; shallow water. (440, 541). Octolasmis clavula Hiro, 1936: 224 Indo-west Pacific: Persian Gulf; Malay Arch.; Japan (Ogasawara Is); attached to maxillipeds of decapods (eg. Acanthides armatus); shallow water (16-135 m). (177,182,541,592). Octolasmis collare Jeffries, Vorris & Man, 1988: 111 Singapore Straits, Tuas, Singapore; attached to gill chamber and mouthparts of decapods; shallow water. (218,219,541). Octolasmis cor (Aurivillius, 1892: 124) Indo-west Pacific: S. Africa; Indian Ocean; Singapore; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; Japan; Moen I., Truk, Carolines; attached to gill chamber of decapods (eg. Charybdis cruciata, Panulirus spp, Podophthalmus vigil, Scylla serrata, Thalamita crenata, Thalamita spinimana, Thalamita sima); shallow water. (9,27,205,218,220,221,222,223,224,303,318,319, 333, 372, 440, 487, 541, 579, 580, 592); (7, 22, 23, as Dichelaspis cor); (128, as Dichelaspis maindroni); (128, as Dichelaspis coutierei). Octolasmis geryonophila Pilsbry, 1907: 94 NW Atlantic; Caribbean; Indian Ocean; China; 19°21.3'N, 114°04.4'E, attached to gill chambers of decapods (eg. Bathynectes superbus, Geryon trispinosus, Geryon quinquedens); 407-l877m. (63,150,182,205,303,541,592); (336, 392, as Octolasmis aymonini geryonophila); (7, as Dichelaspis geryonophila); (7, as Dichelaspis geryonophila var. jissicarina); (336, as Octolasmis aymoni jissicarina) . Octolasmis grayi (Darwin, 1851: 123) Tropical Indo-west Pacific Oceans; pelagic; attached to body and paddle tail of sea snakes. (7, 128, 195,354,365, 182,372,541,592); (86, as Dichelaspis grayi); (86, as Dichelaspis pellucida). Octolasmis hawaiense (Pilsbry, 1907e: 184) Philippines; Japan; mid Nand W Pacific; off Hawaii; gill chambers of decapods; 367-400 m. (392, 396, 451, 541, 592). Octolasmis iloiloensis Rosell, 1967: 291 Philippines; gill chambers of decapods; shallow water. (440). 242 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Octolasmis lowei (Darwin, 1851a: 128) Atlantic Ocean; Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Australia; Malay Arch.; Taiwan; Japan; gill chambers of decapods; shallow water to 500 m. (194, 218, 222, 349, 365, 372, 440, 592); (86, as Dichelaspis lowei); (23, as Dichelaspis sinuata); (23, as Dichelaspis trigona); (128, as Dichelaspos loweii); (128, as Dichelaspos darwinii); (128, as Dichelaspos sinuata); (334, as Octolasmis californiana). Octolasmis lowei philippinensis Rosell, 1972: 168 Batangas Channel, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines; attached to maxillipeds of brachyuran decapod (Etisus splendidus Rathbun). (442). Octolasmis neptuni (MacDonald, 1869: 442) Indo-west Pacific: Suez; Durban, S Africa; Australia (Moreton Bay; Sydney); Singapore; Hong Kong; China; Mutu Bay, Turuga Bay, Pusan, Korea; Taiwan; Japan (Matsu Bay); gill chambers of decapods (eg. Charybdis natator, Dromia dehaani Rathbun, Myomenippe hardwicki, Panulirus stimpsoni Holthuis; Podophthalmus vigil, Portunus pelagicus, Portunus trituberculatus Miers, Ovalipes punctatus (de Haan), Thalamita crenata, Thenus orientalis (Lund): 12-300 m. (95, 96, 113b, 205, 222, 303, 329a, 541, 535, 537, 564, 580, 592); (309a, as Paradolepas neptuni); (7, as Dichelaspis sinuata (part)); (27, as Dichelaspis neptuni (part)); (123, 128, as Dichelaspis vaillanti); (23, 123, 128, as Dichelaspis neptunti); (182, 194, as Octolasmis lowei forma neptuni); 27, as Octolasmis neptuni (part)); (336, as Octolasmis(Octolasmis) neptuni neptuni). Octolasmis nierstraszi (Hoek, 1907; 21) Indo-west Pacific: Red Sea; E Africa (off Mombasa); Indian Ocean; Muskat, Persian Gulf; Gulf of Aden; Maldives; Bay of Bengal; Australia; Indonesia (Bay of Bima); Malay Arch.; China Sea; China; Philippines; S Japan; attached to stems and branches of homy coral; shallow water. (44, 182, 183,303,347,349,364,365,372,205,451,534,535,541, 579, 580, 592); (196, as Dichelaspis nierstraszi); (492, as Dichelaspis (Octlasmis) nierstraszi). Octolasmis orthogonia (Darwin, 1851: 130) Indo-west Pacific: E and S African Coast; Indian Ocean; Australia; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; off Vietnam; China; E China Sea; S Japan; attached to hydroids or stems of homy corals; sometimes fouling; 14-818 m. (44,95,96, 185, 194,205,303,348,350,372,400,431,451,496,535,541, 579, 580, 592); (86, 128, 196,547,554, as Dichelaspis orthogonia); (27, 169b, 183,279,537, as Octolasmis weberi Hoek); (39, 169b, as Octolasmis orthogonia); (182, as Octolasmis weberi pennatulae Hiro); (196, as Dichelaspis weberi); (196, as Dichelaspis versluysi); (449, as Octolasmis (Dichelaspis) orthogonia). Octolasmis scuticosta Hiro, 1939a: 238 China; Taiwan; Japan; attached to antennae and mouthparts of decapods (eg Ranina ranina); shallow water. (95, 96, 192, 205, 541, 592). 243 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Octolasmis trigona (Aurivillius, 1894: 19) Atlantic Ocean; Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Australia; Malay Arch.; Taiwan; Japan; gill chambers of decapods; shallow water. (23, as Dichelaspis trigona); (442, as Octolasmis (Octolasmis) lowei f. trigona); (541, as O. trigona). Octolasmis tydemanni (Hoek, 1907: 24) Malay Arch.; Gulf of Thailand (Koh Cheun); 10-55 m. (9, 196,592). Octolasmis warwickii (Gray, 1825: 100) Indo-west Pacific: S Africa (Amatikulu R., Durban); Persian Gulf; Indian Ocean; Australia; Java Sea (near Batavia); Borneo; Singapore; Malay Arch. (Trengganu); Ream (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam (Koh Kut); Condor Is; Bay of Nhatrang; Bich Damm and Ile Tre, Nhatrang; Quin-bon (Annam); Lien Chien, Tourane; Hongay, Tonkin; Leluda, Tonkin; Hong Kong; S China Sea; China; Philippines; Taiwan; Tanane Bay, Japan; attached to antipatharians, molluses, sea-snakes, fishes, Limulus, and to carapace and appendages of a variety of decapods (eg. Arcana septemspinosa, Charybdis bimaculata, Dorripe granulata, D.frascone, Leucosia craniolaris, Portunus pelagicus, Panulirus stimpsoni); 14-100 m. (9,27,44,95,96, 113b, 182, 183,205,218,222,225,226,303,348,350,364,365,372, 440,541, 565,579,580,592,594); (7, 23,86,118,128, as Dichelaspis warwickii); (3,4,291, as Dichelaspis equina). Octolasmis weberi (Hoek, 1907: 26) Indo-west Pacific: S Africa; Banda Sea, Indonesia; S China Sea; Malay Arch.; Philippines; S Japan; attached to stems of horny coral; 137-560 m. (27, 169b, 194,537,449,451,535,541,592); (196, as Dichelaspis weberi); (450, as Octolasmis (Dichelaspis) weberi). Octolasmis weberi pennatulae Hiro, 1937c: 415 Malay Arch.; Japan; 2-20 m; attached to stem of pennatulids. (182,592); (39, as Octolasmis orthogonia); (44, as Octolasmis orthogonia (part)); (279, as Octolasmis weberi). Octolasmis sp. a Singapore; attached to carapace and gills of a variety of decapods (eg. Charybdis cruciata, C. natator, Calappa philargius, Podophthalmus vigil, Portunus pelagicus, Portunus sanguinolentus, Thalamita crenata, Thalamita spinimana, Thenus orientalis). (222). Octolasmis sp. b Singapore; attached to decapods (Galene bispinosa, Matuta lunaris). (222). 244 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Octolasmis sp. c Singapore; attached to body and gills of decapods (eg. Scylla serrata, Thalamita crenata, T. sima). (222). Genus Trilasmis Hinds, 1844 Trilasmis eburnea Hinds, 1844: pI. 21, fig. 5 Widely distributed in lndo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean: Indonesia; Malay Arch.; Gulf of Thailand; S China Sea; China; Philippines; S Japan; WSW Pacific (New Guinea, New Zealand); Hawaii; attached to echinoids (eg. Stylocidaris annulosa, Plococidaris bispinosa); 20-300 m. (9,158,205,303,365,372,451,592); (7, as Poecilasma (Trilasmis) eburneum Hinds); (86,115,547, as Poecilasma eburnea (Hinds)); (185, as Trilasmis (Trilasmis) eburnea Hinds); (196, 396, as Trilasmis eburneus Hinds). Family Lepadidae Darwin, 1851 Genus Lepas Linnaeus, 1758 Subgenus Anatifa Bruguiere, 1789 Lepas (Anatifa) anatifera Linnaeus, 1758: 668 Cosmopolitan in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate seas: Madagascar; Mombasa; Seychelles; Ceylon; Straits of Malacca; Java Sea; Malay Pen.; Ream (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; Hong Kong; China; Taiwan; Philippines; Japan; Raoul I.; Kermadec Is; pelagic, fouling; on keel of ships, driftwood, buoys and other floating objects. (592); (7, 21, 40, 44,86,95,96, 112a, 115, 128, 146, 165, 181,182,183,194,195,205,228,279, 291,298,299,303, 329a, 338, 347, 349,372, 390,392,433,487,501,505,512,520,522, 534,535, 537, 579, 580, 596, as Lepas anatifera). Lepas (Anatifa) anatifera striata (de Graaf, 1952: 3) Hong Kong; China; pelagic. (I 16b, as Lepas anatifera var. striata), (205, Lepas anatifera striata de Graef), (329a, as Lepas anatifera). Lepas (Anatifa) anserifera Linnaeus 1767: 1109 Cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate seas: pelagic, fouling; attached to floating wood, ships' hulls, etc. (7,9,86,95,96, 113b, 115,128,182,183,192,193,194,195,211,205,299,303, 338, 347, 350, 363, 364, 365 372, 392, 444, 505, 512, 516, 520, 522, 528, 534, 580, 592, 594). Lepas (Anatifa) hilli (Leach, 1881: 413) Cosmopolitan in all seas; pelagic. (40, 86, 293, 505, 522, 534, 592). 245 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Lepas (Anatifa) indica Annandale, 1909: 76 Indian Ocean; Madagascar; Bay of Bengal; S China Sea; China; pelagic. (7, 80, 205, 303, 338, 433). Lepas (Anatifa) pectinata Spengler, 1793: 106 Cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate seas: Sulu Sea; Banda Sea; Tasman Sea; Ream (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; Bay of Nhatrang; Bich Damm, Nhatrang; Hongay, Bay of Along, Tonkin; China; Taiwan; Philippines; Japan; pelagic, fouling; attached to floating objects. (37,39,40,46,86,95,96, 112a, 128, 182, 183, 194,205,228,303,347,372,392,396,440,485, 505, 512, 516, 520, 534, 535, 537, 592). Lepas (Anatifa) testudinata Aurivillius, 1892: 123 Cosmopolitan in southern seas, also China seas; pelagic. (22,23, 112a, 128,205,303,592); (37, as L. affinis); (227, 228, as L. anatifera var. c.); (338, as L. anatijera testudinata); (350, as L. anatifera var. testudinata). Genus Dosima Gray, 1825 Dosima fascicularis Ellis & Solander, 1786: 197 Cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate seas; pelagic. (118,592); (40, 86, 100, 112a, 182, 194, 329a, 347, 365, 392, 505, 516, 522, 534, 535, as Lepas jascicularis); (147, 347, as Lepas jascicularis aurivillii). Genus Conchoderma Olfers, 1814 Conchoderma auritum (Linnaeus, 1767: 1110) Cosmopolitan in all seas; pelagic, usually attached to cirripede Coronula diadema attached to whales, fouling ships hulls and driftwood. (40, 86, 95, 96, 112a, 182, 192, 194,205,378,392,401,430,433,505,592); (299, as Lepas aurita). Conchoderma hunteri (Owen, 1830: 71) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Australia; Banda Sea; Malay Arch.; China; Japan; pelagic, fouling. (86, 128, 205, 303, 433, 547); (382, as Cineras Hunteri); (7, 279, as Conchoderma virgatum var. Hunteri); (44, 372, as Conchoderma virgatum forma Hunteri); (95, 96, 115, 182, 183, 194, 534, 535, 537, as Conchoderma virgatum hunteri); (279, as Conchoderma virgatum var. japonica). Conchoderma virgatum virgatum (Spengler, 1790: 207) Cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate seas: Indian Ocean; N Australia; Malay Arch.; Gulf of Siam; China; Philippines; Japan; - fouling species, pelagic, attached to ships and driftwood, as well as to various animals such as fishes, sea-snakes, decapod crustaceans, and parasitic copepod Penella sp. (7,27,28,40,46,86,95,96, 112a, 128, 136, 140, 176, 181, 182, 183, 192, 194, 195,205,228,283, 303,344,347,350,355,378,392,433,450,487,492,501,505,520,535,537,556,586,592);(484, as Lepas virgata). 246 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Genus Alepas Rang, 1829 Alepas indica Grovel, 1901: 259 Nicobars; Singapore; pelagic, attached to floating wood. (3, 124, 128). Alepas navigator Pilsbry, 1912: 291 S China Sea; Philippines; pelagic, attached to medusae (eg. Discomedusa sp.). (402, 592). Alepas pacifica Pilsbry, 1907a: 105 Tropical Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Australia; Malaysia; China; Pacific Ocean from Japan and California to Tasmania; S Atlantic; pelagic, attached to medusae (eg. Cyanea nozakii, Discomedusa sp.). (17,95, 96a, 112a, 182, 183,205,303,347,348, 365,392,509,522,520,534,579,580,592). Alepas spectrum Pilsbry, 1912: 292 S China Sea; Philippines; pelagic, attached to medusae (eg. Discomedusa sp.). (402, 592). Suborder Scalpellomorpha Newman, 1987 Family Calanticidae Zevina, 1978a Genus Calantica Gray, 1825 Calantica graphica Rosell, 1991: 13 Philippines (SW of Nasugbu, Batangas); attached to antipatharian; 193-205 m. (451). Calantica kampeni (Annandale, 1909a: 267) Indo-west Pacific: Gulf of Aden; Indian Ocean; Mergui Arch; E coast of Sumatra; Malay Arch.; Singapore; Ream (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; Condor Is; Tourane; Pacific Ocean; attached to spines of cidarids, stems of hydroids, shells; 6-225 m. (44,46,372,535,589); (8, 9, 17,497, as Scalpellum (Smilium) kampeni). Calantica pollicipedoides (Hoek, 1907 : 60) Indo-west Pacific: South Africa; Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; Philippines; 57-190 m. (44,372,589); (196, as Scalpellum pollicipedoides); (27, 398, as Smilium pollicipedoides). Calantica trispinosa (Hoek, 1883: 72) Java Sea; Gulf of Siam; E and S China Sea; Philippines; Japan; 35-320 m. (58, 128,398,450,451,554,589); (195, as Scalpellum trispinosum); (44, as Scalpellum (Smilium) trispinosum). 247 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Genus Paracalantica Utinomi, 1949 Paracalantica newmani (Rosell, 1981: 281) Philippines (NE Lubang I.; 14°02.2'N, 120ol7.7'E); attached to gorgonian stem; 184-193 m. (451); (449, as Calantica (Paracalantica) newmani). Paracalantica rossi (Rosell, 1981: 284) Philippines (NE Lubang I.; 14°02.2'N, l20ol7.7'E); attached to gorgonian stem; 184-202 m. (451); (449, as Calantica (Paracalantica) rossi). Genus Smilium Gray, 1825 Smilium acutum (Hoek, 1883 : 80) Cosmopolitan in deep seas in all oceans: Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; Japan; Kermadec Is; 61-2480 m. (18,39,44,58, 112a, 169b, 182,205,279,284,303,344,372,398,450,451,492,522, 562, 584, 589); (128,136, 195, 196,347,547, as Scalpel/um acutum); (12,19, as Smilium (Smilium) acutum); (126, 554, as Scalpel/um longirostrum); (554, as Scalpel/um hastatum). Smilium horridum Pilsbry, 1912: 292 S China Sea; Philippines; 42 m. (402, 589). Smilium scorpio (Aurivillius 1892: 126) Gulf of Thailand; E and S China Sea; China; Taiwan; Japan; 31-140 m. (95,96, 168, 169b, 205, 303, 522, 528, 535, 537, 539, 554, 584, 589); (22, 23, 125, 128,347,547, as Scalpel/um scorpio); (44, as Calantica pedunculo-striata); (44, 183, 188,512, as Calantica scorpio); (128, 391, as Scalpel/um sexcornutum); (279, 392, 398, as Smilium sexcornutum). Smilium sinense (Annandale, 1910c: 211) Indian Ocean; E coast of Sumatra; Malay Arch.; China Sea; China; 55-150 m. (205, 303, 372, 584, 589); (10, 17, 562, as Scalpel/um (Smilium) sinense). Smilium vaubanianum Rosell, 1981: 285 Philippines (NE Lubang I.; 14°00'N, 120 0 19.2'E); attached to stony coral fragment, Dendrophyllia sp.; 194 - 202 m. (449). 248 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Genus Euscalpellum Hoek, 1907 Euscalpellum rostratum (Darwin, 1851: ) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; S Arabian coast; Makassar Strait; Mergui Arch.; Kei Is; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; 13-94 m. (205,303,589); (86, as Scalpellum rostratum); (17, as Scalpel/urn (Srn ilium) rostratum); (44, 372, as Smilium rostratum); (196, 492, as Scalpel/urn (Euscalpellum) rostratum); (398, 534, 584, as Euscalpellum rostratum). Euscalpellum squamuliferum (Weltner, 1894: 80) Indian Ocean; S Arabian coast; Mergui Arch.; Malay Arch.; China; 101-3200 m. (205, 280, 398, 589); (546a, 372, as Scalpellum squamul(ferum); (19, as Scalpellum (Srn ilium) squamuliferum). Euscalpellum stratum (Aurivillius, 1892: 132) W Atlantic Ocean; Antilles Sea; China; 91-680 m. (169b, 205, 280, 303, 408, 584, 589); (22, 23, 128, 392, 547, as Scalpellum stratum); (182, 183, as Euscalpellum squamosum) Family Pollicipedidae Leach, 1817 Genus Capitulum Gray, 1825 Capitulum mitella (Linnaeus, 1758: 668) Widely distributed in warmer parts of lndo-west Pacific: Malagasy (Madagascar); Malay Pen.; Java; Ream (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; Dama Is, Cambodia; Condor Is.; S China Sea; Hong Kong; China; Taiwan; Philippines; Japan (Sagami Bay, Kyusyu and Ryukyu Is; N limit is Ponsyoro Cave near Osyoro, W Hokkaido); littoral. (95,96, 113b, 183,212,324,325,326,331,364,504,516,562,576,580); (298, 299, as Lepas mitella); (19, 39,44,46, lIS, 165, 194, 192,279,505,512,520, as Mitella mitella); (86, 211, 203, 329a, 347, 355, 363, 372,440,442,481,535,537,580,584,589, as Pollicipes mitella); (205, as Capitulum mitella, and synonymies Mitella mitella, Pollicipes mitella); (392, as Mitellas mitella). Family Lithotryidae Gruvel, 1905 Genus Lithotrya Sowerhy, 1922 Lithotrya nicobarica Reinhardt, 1850: PI. 1 figs 1-3 Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Nicobars; Australia; Timor; Malay Arch.; Ream and Dama Is (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; Condor Is; China; Philippines; Japan; New Zealand; Tuamotu, Caroline Is; Fiji; Paumotu Is; Christmas I.; Pacific Ocean; littoral. (19,46, 151, 181,205,303,347,364,372,420,442,474,579,580,584, 589); (35, 86,128,196, 392, as Lithotrya pacifica); (36, as Lithotrya dorsalis var. maldivensis & Lithotrya dorsalis var. rugata); (196, as Lithotrya conical. 249 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Lithotrya valentiana (Gray, 1825: 102) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Australia; Malay Arch.; Malay Arch.; Rifleman's Bank; Atoll Itu Aba; Spratly Is.; Loaita; China; Philippines; Japan; New Guinea; Friendly Is; Tuamotu Is; littoral. (17,27,46,60,151,176,181,205,303,382,442,589); (118, as Conchotrya valentiana); (86,128, 196,347,372, as Lithotrya truncata); (347, as Lithotrya truncata longicaudata); (415, as Anatifa truncata). Family Scalpellidae Pilsbry, 1907 Subfamily Scalpellinae Pilsbry, 1907 Genus Scalpellum Leach, 1817 Scalpellum salartiae Grovel, 1901: 257 Sulu Arch.; Philippines (NE Lubang I.); attached to echinoid spines. (124,449); (39, as Scalpellum aff. salartiae). Scalpellum stearnsii Pilsbry, 1890a: 441 Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean, off Nicobar Is; Indonesia; NW & NE Australia; Java Sea; Bali Straits; Malay Arch.; Celebes; Sulu Arch.; Sulu Sea; S China Sea; China; E China Sea; Philippines; E coast of Japan, Sagami Bay, off Hondo; 182-2117 m. (8,39,44, 169b, 188,205,279,321,347,365,388,389,392,430,431,449, 450, 451, 520, 589); (196, as var. gemina and var. robusta). Scalpellum stearnsii var. inerme (Annandale, 1905: 293) E Indian Ocean; Australia; Malay Arch.; 178-2117 m. (350,364,365,372,589), (3, as Scalpellum inerme); (18, 350, as Scalpellum stearnsii var. inerme). Scalpellum typicum Broch, 1947: 9 Ream (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; Condor Is; 10-15 m. (589); (46, as Scalpellum (Stricto-Scalpellum) typicum). Subfamily Meroscalpellinae Zevina, 1978 Genus Abathescalpellum Newman & Ross, 1971 Abathescalpellum fissum (Hoek, 1907: 116) Off Celebes; S China Sea China; Philippines; attached to tubularian stem; 219-472 m. (205, 430, 451, 589); (196, as Scalpellum fissum). 250 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Genus Alcockianum Zevina, 1978 Alcockianum alcockianum (Annandale, 1905: 82) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Mozambique Channel; Gulf of Manaar; Bay of Bengal; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; Australia; New Zealand; SW Pacific and mid-Pacific guyots; fouling; 945-1950 m. (231, 358, 585, 589); (3, 4, Sa, 16, 19, 372, as Scalpellum alcockianum); (58, 350, as Scalpellum (Scalpel/um) alcockianum); (287, 344, as Arcoscalpel/um alcockianum). Genus Neoscalpellum Pilsbry, 1907 Neocalpellum dicheloplax Pilsbry, 1907: 70 Atlantic Ocean; China; 2321-5005 m. (95, 96, 205); (392, as Scalpel/um dicheloplax); (392, as Scalpellum dicheloplax bentophila); (589, as Neoscalpel/um debile). Neoscalpellum dicheloplax philippinensis Rosell, 1981: 287 Philippines (NE Lubang I; 13°54.2'N, 119°57.9'E); 1075 - 1125 m. (449, as Mesoscalpellum dicheloplax philippinensis). Genus Annandaleum Newman & Ross, 1971 Annandaleum gruvelii (Annandale, 1906: 390) Atlantic Ocean; Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; China; Pacific Ocean; 1252-2248 m. (27,46,58,205, 309b, 344,433,589); (Sa, 16, as Scalpellum gruvelii); (196, as Scalpellum chitinosum); (392, as Scalpellum imperfectum); (287, as Mesoscalpellum gruvelii). Annandaleum japonicum Hoek, 1883: 67 Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; 805-6810 m. (182, 372, 344, 400, 505, 589); (195, 393, 554, as Scalpellum japonicum); (196, as Scalpellum chitinosum); (196, as Scalpel/um curiosum). Annandaleum laccadivicum laccadivicum (Annandale, 1906: 393) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Sumbawa, Indonesia; Malay Arch.; SW of Calatagan Pt, Philippines; S Japan (S of Honda I.); SW Pacific; 234-6160 m. (451,589); (Sa, 16,58, 169b, 182,372,398,492, as Scalpel/um laccadivicum); (Sa, as Scalpellum subflavum); (196, 554, as Scalpel/um polymorphum); (400, as Scalpel/um molliculum). Annandaleum lambda (Annandale, 1910: 115) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean, from off Zanzibar; Sumbawa, Indonesia; Malay Arch.; SW of Calatagan Pt, Philippines; S Japan (S of Honda I.); SW Pacific; 234-2077 m. (231,344,451,589); (11,16,19, as Scalpellum lambda); (16, 492, as Scalpel/um longius). 251 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Subfamily Arcoscalpellinae Zevina, 1978 Genus Tarasovium Zevina, 1978 Tarasovium valvulifer (Annandale, 1910c: 214) S Indian Ocean; C. Salmin, China Sea; 22-159 m. (372, 589); (10, as Scalpellum valvulifer). Genus Weltnerium Weltnerium poculum (Hoek, 1907: 100) Savu Sea, W of Timor; Philippines; 441-918 m. (589); (196, as Scalpellum poculum); (450, as Arcoscalpellum poculum). Genus Verum Zevina, 1978 Verum candidum (Hoek, 1907: 119) Moluccas, Indonesia; Philippines; 204-310 m. (451,589); (196, as Scalpellum candidum). Verum novaezelandiae (Hoek, 1883: 124) Indo-west Pacific: E Africa, Gulf of Aden, eastward to New Zealand; 822-4850 m. (16,451,554,589); (58,195,196, as Scalpellum novaezelandiae). Genus Catherinum Zevina, 1978 Catherinum perlongum (Pilsbry, 1907: 198) Philippines; Pacific Ocean; NE Pacific Ocean, off San Diego, California; 1153-3600 (309b, 451, 581, 589); (395, as Scalpellum perlongum). Catherinum trapezoideum (Hoek, 1907: 102) Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; 129-2796 ill. (16,372,554,589); (196, as Scalpellum trapezoideum). Catherinum sp. China. (95). 252 ill. THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Genus Amigdoscalpellum Zevina, 1978 Amigdoscalpellum elegans (Hoek, 1907: 107) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Australia; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; New Zealand; midPacific Ocean; 687-1886 m. (231,372,492,589); (196, as Scalpellum elegans). Amigdoscalpellum vitreum (Hoek, 1883: 115) Indo-west Pacific and NE Atlantic Ocean. Indo-west Pacific: E Africa, Zanzibar Strait to Torres Strait, Australia; Malaysia; China; Philippines, Japan; New Zealand. NE Atlantic Ocean: off Southern Carolina to off S tip of Greenland; 550-6096 m. (205,303,374,451,554,589); (126,128, 195,392,522,547,582, as Scalpellum vitreum); (I 12a, 344, 544, as Arcoscalpellum vitreum); (169b, 196, 344, 347, 372,492, 505, as Scalpellum formosum); (585, as Amigdoscalpellum vitreum). Genus Trianguloscalpellum Zevina, 1978 Trianguloscalpellum annandalei (CaIman, 1918: 109) Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; Australia; 240-2268 m. (372, 589); (58, as Scalpellum annandalei). Trianguloscalpellum balanoides (Hoek, 1883: 129) S of Sumatra; China; Philippines; Japan; 220-470 m. (205,303,451,554,585,589); (39, 183, 195,358, as Scalpellum balanoides); (392,400, as Scalpellum gonionotum). Trianguloscalpellum diota (Hoek, 1907: 87) Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; 204-1792 m. (372,492, 589); (196, as Scalpellum diota). Trianguloscalpellum hamulus (Hoek, 1907: 86) NE Australia; Johul Bank (198 km S Timor); Banda Sea; Philippines (NE Lubang I.; 14° Ol.7'N, l20 0 l6.0'E); 128-1119 m; attached to cirri of crinoids and to balanomorph barnacles (B. hawaiiensis); 174-223 m. (18,231,589); (196, as Scalpellum (Arcoscalpellum) hamulus); (234, as Trianguloscalpellum hirsutum); (449, as Arcoscalpellum hamulus). Trianguloscalpellum regium latidorsum (PiIsbry, 1907: 29) Cosmopolitan in Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; 1199-2927 m. (392, 451, 589). 253 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Trianguloscalpellum rubrum (Hoek, 1883: 91) Java Sea; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; Japanese waters (Kagoshima Sea and Sagami Bay); 138-331 m. (39,58,205,400,451,589); (195, 349, 358, as Scalpellum rubrum). Subfamily Arcoscalpellinae Zevina, 1978 Genus Arcoscalpellum Hoek, 1907 Arcoscalpellum ciliatum Ren, 1983: 76 E China Sea (30 0 30'N, 128°00'E); 300-395 m. (205, 303, 425); (534, as Scalpellum hirsutum). Arcoscalpellum foresti Rosell, 1989: 13 Phillippines; 569-595 m. (450,451). Arcoscalpellum formosum Hoek, 1907: 110 Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; China; Japan (Kagoshima Pref.); 558-2081 m. (96, 169b, 372); (196, as Scalpellum formosum) , (589, as Amigdoscalpellum vitreum (part». Arcoscalpellum michelottianum (Seguenza, 1876: 381) S Atlantic Ocean (between 72° and 34°); Mediterranean; Indo-west Pacific: off SW Africa; Indian Ocean; NE and NW Australia; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; mid Pacific Ocean (Johnston Atoll); Chile; Antarctic Ocean; 64-5190 m. (16,28, 196,205,433); (392, 473, as Scalpellum michelottianum); (I, as Scalpellum michelottianum (part»; (3, 5a, 14, 19,44,58,126,128,136,195,349,350,358,372,392,492, 501, 505, 547, 580, as Scalpellum velutinum); (25, as Scalpellum sordidum); (25, 128, as Scalpellum erectum); (123, 126, as Scalpellum alatum); (195, 547, as Scalpellum eximium); (231, 287,344,450,451,544,562,585, 589, as Arcoscalpellum michelottianum); (303, as Trianguloscalpellum michelottianum). Arcoscalpellum pertosum Foster, 1978: 63 China; New Zealand; 380-1141 m. (I 12a, 205, 589). Arcoscalpellum sociabile sociabile (Annandale, 1905: 77) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; SE Great Nicobar I.; Bali Str., Indonesia; Banda Sea; Malay Arch.; Sulu Sea; Philippines; Japan; 239-2050 m. (3,44,366,450,589); (196, as Scalpellum pellicatumi); (350, 364,365,372, as Scalpellum sociabile). 254 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Genus Teloscalpellum Zevina, 1980 Teloscalpellum album Liu & Ren, 1985: 212 E China Sea: 30°15' N, 128°00'E; 300-395 m; attached to polyp of hydroid. (205, 303, 433); (l69b, 183, as Scalpellum condensum). Teloscalpellum gracile Hoek, 1907: 105 Flores Sea; Philippines; 1158-1674 m. (450, 589); (196, as Scalpellum gracile). ORDER SESSILIA Lamark, 1818 Suborder VERRUCOMORPHA Pilsbry, 1916 Family Verrocidae Darwin, 1854 Genus Verruca Schumacher, 1817 Verruca cookei Pilsbry, 1928: 308 China; Philippines (off NE Lubang I.); Tuamotu Is; Hawaii; 167-865 m. (406,451,577, as Verruca cookei); (449, as Verruca (Metaverruca) cookei). Verruca sp. China. (95). Genus Altiverruca Pilsbry, 1916 Altiverruca cristallina (Grovel, 1907d: 2) Tropical lndo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Andaman Is; Nicobar Is; Banda Sea, Indonesia; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; New Caledonia; Loyalty Islands; Chesterfield Is;Vanuatu; Wallis & Futuna Is; attached to rocks, pumice, bivalves, coral; 233-2340 m. (577); (131, 205, 352, 372, as Verruca cristallina); (39, as Verruca (Altiverruca) eristallina forma laevis); (44, as Verruca cristallina forma laevis); (44, as Verruca cristallina forma typica); (49, 50, as Altiverruca cristallina); (200, as Verruca cassis); (427, 450, 451, as Verruca (Altiverruca) eristallina) . Altiverruca gibbosa (Hoek, 1883: 134) Cosmopolitan; Atlantic Ocean; Antarctic region: China; Pacific Ocean; 500->3000 m. (205,372,577); (128,195,305,403, as Verruca gibbosa); (128, 195,403, as Verruca sulcata); (44, 344,427,505, as Verruca (Altiverruca) gibbosa); (197, as Verruca mitra); (352, as Verruca gibbosa somaliensis); (374, as Verruca darwini); (374, 403, as Verruca bicornuta); (392, 403, as Verruca darwiniana). 255 lones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Altiverruea nitida (Hoek, 1883: 138) Tropical western Pacific; China; Philippines (off NE Lubang 1.); New Caledonia; Chesterfield Islands; Vanuatu; Wallis & Futuna Islands; attached to pebbles, shells, coral, hexactinellid sponges, gastropods; 650-2040 m. (577); (128, 195,200,205,392, as Verruca nitida); (49, 50, as Altiverruca nitida); (427, 449, as Verruca (Altiverruca) nitida). Altiverruea quadrangularis (Hoek, 1883: 140) S Atlantic Ocean; Philippines; 682-770 m. (577); (195, as Verruca quadrangularis); (450, as Verruca (Altiverruca) quadrangularis). Altiverruea suleata (Hoek, 1883: 139) China; Philippines (off NE Lubang 1.); WSW Pacific (Kermadec Is, New Zealand); 7501125 m. (577); (128,195,451, as Verruca sulcata); (449, as Verruca (Altiverruca) sulcata). Genus Metaverruea Pilsbry, 1916 Metaverruea halotheea (Pilsbry, 1907: 46) Malaysia; New Zealand; Hawaii; 252-1680 m. (577); (I 12a, 392, as Verruca (Metaverruca) halotheca). Metaverruea seulpta (Aurivillius, 1898b: 197) Indo-west Pacific: S Africa; Indian Ocean; Indonesia; E China Sea; New Zealand; Fiji; Hawaii; 114-454 m. (205,577); (25,44,128,136,352,372, as Verruca sculpta); (126,128, as Verruca magna); (200, as Verruca capsula); (259, 392, 403, as Verruca halotheca); (403, as Verruca coraliophila); (427, as Verruca (Metaverruca) sculpta); (492, as Verruca (Metaverruca) capsula). Genus Newmaniverruea Young, 1998 Newmaniverruea albatrossiana (Pilsbry, 1912: 292) Indo-west Pacific: NW Australia; Indonesia; S China Sea; China; Philippines; attached to cidarid spines (eg. Stereocidaris indica philippinensis Mortensen); 345-620 m. (577); (49, 50, 205, 402, 403, 601, as Verruca albatrossiana); (39,44, as Verruca (Euverruca) albatrossiana); (200, as Verruca grex); (427, as Verruca (Verruca) albatrossiana). Newmaniverruea multieostata (Grovel, 1907: 4) Indian Ocean; Malay Arch. (Malacca, 6°18'N, 90 0 40'E); 160 m. (577); (131, 372, as Verruca multicostata). 256 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Genus Rostratoverruca Broch, 1922 Rostratoverruca intexta (Pilsbry, 1912: 292) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Madagascar; Indonesia; Timor Sea; Malay Arch.; S China Sea; Philippines; New Caledonia; Loyalty Islands; attached to octocorals, sponges, coral, cidaroid spines, scalpellid barnacles, gastropods, hydrozoans; gorgonians; 40 -1002 ffi. (577); (365, 372,402,451, as Verruca intexta); (49, 50, as Rostratoverruca intexta); (200, as Verruca conchula); (450,451, as Verruca (Rostratoverruca) intexta). Rostratoverruca koehleri (Grovel, 1907d: 4) Indian Ocean (Andamans); China; attached to cidaroid spines (eg. Stylocidaris annulosa Mirtsu); 100-600 m. (205,431,577); (131, 132, as Verruca koehleri); (39,44, as Verruca krugeri); (l69b, as Verruca (Rostroverruca) krugeri forma multisculpta); (200, as Verruca conchula); (349, 352, 365, 372,402, 403,601, as Verruca intexta); (427, as Verruca (Rostroverruca) koehleri). Rostratoverruca krugeri (Broch, 1922: 295) Indonesia., near Kei Is.; Philippines, SW of Tucuran; attached to cidaroid spines. (39, as Verruca Krugeri); (44a, 169b, as Verruca (Rostroverruca) krugeri); (49, 50, 577, as Rostratoverruca krugeri); 233-590 m. Suborder Balanomorpha Pilsbry, 1916 Superfamily Pachylasmatoidea Utinomi, 1968 Family PachylasmatidaeUtinomi, 1968 Subfamily Pachylasmatinae Utinomi, 1968 Genus Pachylasma Darwin, 1854 Pachylasma arwetergum Rosell, 1991: 35 E of Semirara Islet, Philippines (12°02.6'N, 121°35.3'E); attached to cirri of crinoids; 120123 ffi. (451). Pachylasma chinense Pilsbry, 1912: 293 S China Sea, near Hong Kong; Philippines; attached to cirripedes (Scalpellum steamsii Pilsbry); 400 m. (345,402, 403, 411, 450). Pachylasma scutistriata Broch, 1922: 301 Indian Ocean; S Australia; Malaysia; S China Sea; E China Sea; S Japan; New Zealand; attached to crinoids, antipatharians; 104-2050 m. (39, 112a, 234, 345, 349, 533). 257 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Superfamily Chthamaloidea Darwin, 1854 Family Chthamalidae Darwin, 1854 Subfamily Euraphiinae Newman & Ross, 1976 Genus Octomeris Sowerby, 1825 Octomeris brunnea Darwin, 1854: 484 Mergui Arch.; N Australia; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; China; Taiwan; Philippines; S Japan; S Housyu (rare), Ryukyu Is (probably); New Hebrides; Santa Cruz Is; littoral. (71,88,95,96,111,127,128, 166, 193,205,234,345,348,354,357,359,412,512,516,522,547); (347, as Octomeris intermedia ll. sp.); (350, 372, as Octomeris intermedia); (561, as Octomeris crassa ll. sp.). Octomeris sulcata Nilsson-Cantell, 1932a: 8 China; Taiwan; S Japan, S Honsyu, Kyusyu, Ryukyu Is; littoral. (95, 96, 166, 192, 194, 205, 345, 359, 380, 444, 512, 537, 539). Genus Euraphia Conrad, 1837 Euraphia caudata (Pilsbry, 1916: 315) N Australia; Indonesia; W coast of Sumatra; Pisang I.; Malayan Arch.; S China Sea; China; Philippines; Palau Is.; littoral. (95, 101, 181, 205, 234, 254, 345, 347, 354, 403, 426, 490); (96, 412, 442, 594, as Chthamalus caudatus); (111, as Chthamalus caudata). Euraphia intertexta (Darwin, 1854: 467) Indonesia, Malaysia to China, S Taiwan; Philippines; Ryukyu and Tokara Is; eastward to Hawaii and Pitcaim I.; littoral. (88,95, 115, 128, 135, 177,200,254,335,345,347,403,406,412,507,512,516); (96, 111, 193, 205, 534, as Chthamalus intertextus). Euraphia withersi (Pilsbry, 1916: 312) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Madagascar; India; Mergui Arch., N Australia; Indonesia; W coast of Sumatra; Java; Kei Islands; Arafura Sea; Celebes; Pisang I.; Malay Arch.; Hong Kong; S China Sea; Kororu Is; Philippines (Cebu); littoral. (30,44,95, 113b, 181, 211, 203, 234, 238, 243, 244, 254, 329a, 330, 345, 347, 354,357,403,426, 442,444,497,501,534,535,542,575,576); (96, 205,367, 372, 412, 594, as Chthamalus withersi); (305, as Chthamalus. aestuarii). 258 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Subfamily Chthamalinae Darwin, 1854 Genus Chthamalus Ranzani, 1818 Chthamalus antennatus Darwin, 1854: 460 Australia; Tasmania; China; littoral. (39, 88, 128, 205,234,345, 347, 412, 426, 534). Chthamalus challengeri challengeri Hoek 1883: 165 Indo-west Pacific: Red Sea; Indian Ocean; Indonesia; Malayan Arch.; Condor I.; China; Philippines; Japan; S Honshu, Kyushu & Ryukyu Is; Bonin I.; littoral. (30,33,43,46,95,96, 127, 128, 165, 166, 173, 182, 189, 194, 195,254,259,279,280,306, 307, 308,345,347,348,349,358,363,372,403,412,426,505, 512, 516,523, 536,537, 539, 547, 593, 594); (44, as Chthamalus challengeri forma krakatauensis nov.); (205, as Chthamalus dalli). Chthamalus malayensis Pilsbry 1916: 310 Indo-west Pacific: Persian Gulf; Indian Ocean; India; Pakistan; N Australia; Indonesia; Sumatra; Arafura Sea; Malay Arch.; S Vietnam (Cauda, Nhatrang Bay) Siam (Lem Ngob); S China Sea; Hong Kong; China; Condor I.; Taiwan; Philippines; Japan; Bonin I.; S Honsyu, Kyusyu & Ryukyu Is; Palao Is; New Caledonia; Santa Cruz; Fiji Is; littoral, also a fouling species. (30,95, 101, 102, 111, 113b, 211, 234, 237, 238,242,243,244,254,259, 329a, 345, 365,403,412, 426,490,476,494,496,516,528,534,536,594); (38, as C. antennatus); (39,44,95,96, 181, 193, 205,347,403,426,512, as C. moro); (44, as C. challengeri forma krakatauensis nov.); (80, 372, 403,442, as C. stellatus stellatus); (88, 200,492, as C. stellatus); (135, as C. antennatus); (282, as C. stellatus var. communis); (347, as C. challengeri part); (442, questions synonymy of C. moro with C. malayensis). Chthamalus sinensis Ren, 1984a: 156 S China Sea: Qiongzhou Strait, Guangdong Province; Dong tou, Zhejiang Province; Dongshan, Fujian Province; littoral. (213, 426, 569). Genus Chinochthalmus Foster, 1982 Chinochthamalus scutelliformis (Darwin, 1854: 472) S China Sea; Hong Kong; China; littoral. (95,96, 113b, 127, 195,205,203,279,280,412,547); (88, 128,345,594, as Chamaesipho scutelliformis). Genus Tetrachthamalus Newman, 1967 Tetrachthamalus sinensis Reo, 1980a: 150 Hong Kong; China (Xinying, Hainan Island; Hainas Is, & Weizhou I., Guangzi); littoral. (205, 203, 423, 426, 542, 569). 259 lones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Superfamily Coronuloidea Leach, 1817 Family Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916 Genus Chelonibia Leach, 1817 Chelonibia caretta (Spengler, 1790: 185) Tropical Atlantic and Indo-west Pacific; epizoic on turtles - Chelone imbricata (Borradaile); Chelone midas (Barnard). (27,36,40,80,88,92,128, 181, ｾＰＲ 234, 559, 598); (159, as Balanus cheltrypetesi). ｾＵＲ 278, 322, 345, ＳＷｾＴＰＬ 484, 501, 535, 545, 547, Chelonibia patula (Ranzani, 1818: 86) Tropical Atlantic to Indo-west Pacific; epizoic on turtles. (43, 45, 46, 54, 72, 80, 88, 92, 95, 96, 97, 113b, 114, 115, 128, 131, 135, 150, 175, 200, 205, 234, 246,259,278,279, 280, 314,329a, 345,364,365,367,372,384,385,403,406,408,422,430,455, 460,461,465,478,495,501,514,522,545,547,555,560, 593, 594, 598); (419, as Coronulapatula). Chelonibia patula dentata Henry, 1943: 370 China. (149, 153, 205, 345, 430). Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1767: 668) Tropical and warm temperate seas: Atlantic to Indo-west Pacific; epizoic on turtles. (1,2,4,27,36,38,41,44,46,61,88,92,95,96, 108,114,115,127,128,131,149,150, 153, 175, 181,182,194,200,234,258,259, 267,277,278,279,280,291, 299,309b,322, 345, 346, 354, 357, 362,372,403,406,422,424,500,501,512,522,535,536,537,539,546b,547,549,553,545,598); (367, as C. testudinata). Family Platylepadidae Newman & Ross, 1976 Genus Platylepas Gray, 1825 Platylepas decorata Darwin, 1854: 429 W Australia; S China Sea; China; Pacific Ocean, Galapagos Is; epizoic on sea snakes and turtles. (88,128,135,175,179, 181,205,234,278,345,347,537,547); (424, note mis-spelling, as Platylepas decorada). Platylepas hexastylos (Fabricius, 1798: 35) All tropical and subtropical seas; epizoic on turtles, fish, sea-snakes, manatees and dugongs. (30,40,41,42,80,95,103,108, 112a, 127, 128, 150, 175, 179, 181, 182,205,234,259,267,278, 281, 345, 403, 422, 424, 436, 472, 500, 501, 514, 524, 547, 598); (88, as P. bissexlobatai). Platylepas krugeri (Kriiger, 1912: 12) Thailand; epizoic. (281,345,454). 260 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Platylepas ophiophilus Lanchester, 1902: 371 Indo-west Pacific: Arabian Sea; India; W Australia; Indonesia; ?Malay Arch.; Sea of Japan; epizoic on sea-snakes. (44,88, 128, 175,234,278,281,291,345,347,537); (372, as Platylepas kriigeri); (403, renames Cryptolepas ophiophilus Kriiger as Platylepas krugeri). Genus Stomatolepas Pilsbry, 1910 Stomatolepas elegans (Costa, 1838: 17) Cosmopolitan; epizoic on soft skin and throat of sea turtles. (96, 112a, 175, 182,201,205,345,430,421,422,500,501,537,545,602); (70, as Coronula elegans); (150, as Stomatolepas praegustator); (179, includes S. praegustator Pilsbry 1916: 289 and questionably S. transversa Ni1sson-Cantell, 1930a: 2); (354, as Stomatolepas transversa sp. nov.); (399, 403, as Stomatolepas praegustator). Genus Cylindrolepas Pilsbry, 1916 Cylindrolepas sinica Ren, 1980: 194 Jinyindao & Yongxingdao, Xisha Is, S China Sea; epizoic. (424, 205). Genus Stephanolepas Fischer, 1886 Stephanolepas muricata Fischer, 1886: 193 Indian Ocean; Ceylon; Australia; S China Sea; epizoic on turtles. (46,92, 109, 127, 128, 175, 179,234,345,362,372,547). Family Coronulidae Leach, 1817 Genus Coronula Lamarck, 1802 Coronula diadema (Linnaeus, 1767: 1108) Cosmopolitan; epizoic on Humpback, Fin, Blue and Sperm whales. (27,32,37,40,65,66,67,68,69,71,75,88,95,96,107, 127, 128, 129, 137, 141, 142, 143, 144, 149,173,179,182,194,195,198,205,215,228,234,257, 258, 259, 277, 278, 299, 322, 345, 344, 346,347,355,356,357,372,373,375,381,468,487,488,505,543, 546b, 547, 551b, 552, 554, 563, 598); (403, as Lepas balaenaris Muller, Balanus balena Da Costa, Diadema vulgaris Schumacher, Diadema candidum Ranzani, Polylepas kleinii Gray, Coronula biscayensis Van Beneden, Diadema japonica Van Beneden, Diadema californica Van Beneden); (409, as Diadema antiquum Philippi, 1887: 226). 261 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Superfamily TetracIitoidea Gruvel, stat. nov (Newman, 1993) Family Bathylasmatidae Newman & Ross, 1971 Subfamily Hexelasmatinae Newman & Ross, 1976 Genus Hexelasma Hoek, 1913 Hexelasma brintoni (Newman & Ross, 1971: 46) Off Da nang, Vietnam; 110-198 m. (112b); (112a, 344, 345, as Aaptolasma brintoni). Hexelasma velutinum Hoek, 1913: 246 Kei Is, Indonesia; Malay Arch.; S China Sea; Philippines; S Japan; WSW Pacific; 204-390 m. (112a, 169b, 344, 345,451,533, 558); (200, part); (44, ? part). Family Tetraclitidae Gruvel, 1903 Subfamily Tetraclitellinae Newman & Ross, 1976 Genus Tetraclitella Hiro, 1939 Tetraclitella chinensis (Nilsson-Cantell, 1921: 359) Hong Kong; China; Taiwan; S Japan, S Honsyu, Kyusyu & Ryukyu Is; littoral. (95,96, 113b, 166,205,345,435,446,448,457,537,539,594); (193, 347, as Tetraclita purpurascens chinensis); (164, as Tetraclita purpurascens nipponensis n. subsp.); (182, as Tetraclita purpurascens nipponensis); (512, 516, 528, as Tetraclita (Tetraclitella) chinensis); (329a, as Tetraclita purpurascens). Tetraclitella costata (Darwin, 1854: 339) China; Philippines; Indonesia; littoral. (88, 95, 96, 115, 128, 205, 345, 354, 446, 457). Tetraclitella darwini (Pilsbry, 1928: 314) China; Taiwan; Japan, S Honshu, Kyushu & Ryukyu Is; littoral. (95,96,205,259,345,435,446,514,522,528,536,537, 539); (182,193,194,357,406,457,512, as Tetraclita darwini). Tetraclitella divisa (Nilsson-Cantell, 1921: 362) Circum-tropical; Caribbean; W Africa; Java: Malaysia; Sumatra; N Australia; S China Sea; China; E Taiwan; Pacific Ocean to Hawaii and Pitcaim Is; littoral. (31,95,96,111,205,234,345,406,435,446,448,452,457, 458, 512); (193,194,347,456,501, as Tetraclita divisa); (97, as T. purpurascens). Tetraclitella hyastina Rosell, 1975: 110 Mindanao, Philippines; lowest tidal level, attached to rocks. (345, 448). 262 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Tetraclitella karendei Ross, 1971a: 217 Bombay, India; Taiwan; littoral. (239, 345, 457, 458). Tetraclitella multicostata (Nilsson-Cantell, 1930a: 2) N. Australia; Indonesia; Malaysia; China; New Guinea; Fiji; Japan; W Pacific; lower littoral. (111, 205, 234, 345, 435, 446, 457); (353, as Tetraclita purpurascens var. multicostata); (354, as Tetraclita purpurascens multicostata novo var.); (528, as Tetraclita multicostata); (194, as Tetraclita chinensis). Tetraclitella multicostata digita Rosell, 1975a: 97 Puerto Galera (Anton Point), Oriental Mindoro, Philippines (13°30' 10"N, 1200 5T30"E); littoral, lower tide level. (446). Tetraclitella pilsbryi (Utinomi, 1962: 234) Hong Kong; S China Sea; China; S Japan; littoral to sublittoral. (113b, 205, 345, 432, 446, 457, 528, 537, 539): (528, as Tetraclita pilsbryi). Genus Newmanella Ross, 1969 Newmanella vitiata (Darwin, 1854: 340) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Nicobar Is; Australia (northern); Great Barrier Reef, Australia; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; Sulu Arch.; Philippines; South Sea Islands; littoral, lower tidal levels. (39,88,101,102, 127, 128, 176, 191,200,234,345,403,442,489,490,547). Genus Astroclita Ren & Liu, 1979 Astroclita longicostata Ren & Liu, 1979: 342 Yongxingdao, Xisha Is, Guangdong Province, China; littoral. (205,435). Subfamily Tetraclitinae Gruvel, 1903 Genus Tesseropora Pilsbry, 1916 Tesseropora alba Ren & Liu, 1979: 344 Gaojianshi, Xisha Is, Guangdong Province, S China Sea; littoral. (205,435). 263 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Genus Tetraclita Schumacher, 1817 Tetraclita coerulescens (Spengler, 1790: 191) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Bay of Bengal; Mergui Arch., N Australia; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; Sulu Arch.; China; Philippines; Goram I.; Palao Is; Pacific Ocean; littoral. (44,88,95,96,101,128,175,176,181,191,195,200,205, 234, 345, 372, 403, 435, 442, 484, 490, 547). Tetraclita serrata (Darwin, 1854: 334) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Bay of Bengal; Mergui Arch., Australia; Indonesia; Sulu Arch.; Philippines; Palao Is; littoral. (4,29,88,93,127,128,200,317,345,372,387,437,442, 466, 487, 547). Tetraclita squamosa formosana Hiro, 193ge: 271 S and NE Taiwan; S Japan, S Honshu, Kyushu & Ryukyu Is; littoral. (193,345,380,512,516,536). Tetraclita squamosa japonica Pilsbry, 1916: 252 Hong Kong; S China Sea; China; Taiwan; S Japan, S Honshu, Kyushu & Ryukyu Is; Korea (Tugaru Strait); littoral. (62, 95, 96, 113b, 165, 166, 182, 194, 203, 205, 216, 259, 284, 324, 327, 328, 345, 349, 357, 359, 403,435,503,505,512,514,522,534,536,537,539,575, 576); (211, as Tetraclita japonica); (279, as Tetraclita porosa var. nigrescens); (403, as T. porosa); (547, as var. rubescens). Tetraclita squamosa perfecta Nilsson-CanteH, 1931a: 133 Santuao, China; littoral. (357, 345). Tetraclita squamosa squamosa (Bruguiere, 1789: 170) Rio de Janiero; C. Palmas, W Africa; Indo-west Pacific: Red Sea; Indian Ocean; Mergui Arch.; Andaman Is; Great Nicobar I.; N Australia; Sunda Is, Indonesia; Sumatra; Makassar, Sumbawa; E Flores; Malay Arch.; Ream and Dama Is, Cambodia; Gulf of Siam; Rifleman's Bank, Atoll !tu Aba; Bay of Nhatrang; Hong Kong; S China Sea; China; Mindanai, Philippines; Taiwan; S Japan (Sagami Bay); S Honshu, Kyushu & Ryukyu Is; Palau Is; Caroline Is.; South Sea Islands; littoral. (27,34,35,38,39,41,44,46,48,62,74,92,95,96,101, 113b, 120, 121, 128, 133, 134, 151, 191, 193,194,200,211,203,234,279, 259,279,280,282,284, 301, 321, 329a, 330, 345, 347, 354, 357, 377,380,403,414,417,426,435,442,444,490,501,510, 512, 516,522, 534, 536, 547, 553, 575, 576); (88, as Tetraclitaporosa var. viridis); (379, 546b, as? T. stalactifera); (111,176,181,182,192, 514, as T. squamosa viridis); (205, as T. viridis); (364, 365, 372, as Tetraclita porosa viridis); (484, ? Lepas mitra); (487, as porosa Gmelin, 1790 = squamosa Bruguiere). 264 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Superfamily Balanoidea Leach, 1817 Family Archaeobalanidae Newman & Ross, 1976 Subfamily Archaeobalaninae Newman & Ross, 1976 Genus Armatobalanus Hoek, 1913 Armatobalanus (Armatobalanus) allium (Darwin, 1854: 281) Indo-west Pacific: Bay of Bengal; Ceylon; Andamans; W coast of Sumatra; Indonesia; N Australia; Great Barrier Reef, Australia; Malay Arch.; Hong Kong; China; SW Japan; attached to living seleractinian corals (eg. Montipora informis, M. venosa, Psammocora supeificialis, P. contigua, Porites lobata, Pavona decussata, Cyathelia avillaris, Acanthastrea sp., Plesiastrea versipora, Cyphastrea serailia, Oulastrea crispata); 9-55 m. (4,88,95,96, 113b, 128,205,234,265,345,403,434,528,539,547,600); (20,44, 347, 372,512, as Balanus arcuatus); (39, as Acasta madreporicola n. sp.); (175, 512, as Acasta madreporicola); (200, as Balanus arcuatus n. sp.); (599, as Balanus (Armatobalanus) allium, Balanus (Armatobalaus) allium truncatus and Balanus (Armatobalanus) arcuatus). Armatobalanus (Armatobalanus) cepa (Darwin, 1854: 283) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Gulf of Manaar; Maldives; Ceylon; Mergui Arch.; N Australia; Aroe Is; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; SW Japan; sublittoral to 50 m. (44,88,95,96,128,205,234, 329a, 345, 361, 403, 434,512,528,539); (4, 36, as ?Balanus terebratus); (4, as ?Balanus allium); (20,176, as ?Balanusjujiyama); (259,599, as Balanusjujiyama); (262, as Balanus jujiyamajormis n. sp.); (372, as Balanus cepa); (599, as Balanus jujiyamajormis). Armatobalanus (Armatobalanus) quadrivittatus (Darwin, 1854: 284) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Mergui Arch.; Maldives; Indonesia; western & northern Australia; Java Sea; Timor; Banda; Singapore; Malay Arch.;Vietnam; Cauda Nhatrang; SW Japan; Philippines; 31-51 m. (36,46,88,91,92,127,128,195,200,235,261,266,345, 347, 403, 528, 539, 547); (365,372, as Balanus quadrivittatus); (599, as Balanus (Armatobalanus) quadrivittatus). Armatobalanus (Armatobalanus) terebratus (Darwin, 1854: 285) Indo-west Pacific: Madras, India; Mergui Arch.; N Australia; Kei Is; Malay Arch.; Gulf of Siam; Palau Is; attached to corals; frequently overgrown by sponges; 0-55 m. (4,36,38,88,92, 128, 171,200,234,278,345,547,599); (181, 372, as Balanus terebratus). Genus Chirona Gray, 1825 Chirona (Striatobalanus) amaryllis (Darwin, 1854: 279) Indo-west Pacific: Sand E Africa, Indian Ocean; northern Australia; Arafura Sea; Singapore; Malay Arch.; Ream (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; Mouth of Bassac; Bay of Nhatrang; Lien Chien, Tourane; Tourane; Condor Is; Hong Kong; S China Sea; China; Philippines; S Japan; 5-500 m; sublittoral fouling species. (4,38,80,92,94,96,101, 113b, 127, 176, 192, 195, 199,200,212,207,203,234,238,244,279, 280,284,345, 347, 357,403,433,450,451,492,494,528,531,534,535, 539,547,575, 576,194); (88, var a [= Balanus roseus Lamarck, 1818], var. b); (39, as forma euamaryllis nov.); (44, asjoma 265 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea laevis nov.); (46, as Balanus amaryllis amaryllis and Balanus amaryllis niveus); (95, as Balanus amaryllis and Balanus amaryllis euamaryllis); (128, as var. niveus novo = var. b Darwin, 1854); (205,364,365,367, as Balanus amaryllis); (291, as Balanus amaryllis dissimilis n. subsp.; as Balanus amaryllis dissimilis var. clarovittata ); (349, as Balanus amaryllis forma euamaryllis); (349, 354, as Balanus amaryllis euamaryllis); (as Balanus amaryllis f. euamaryllis, Balanus amaryllis f. nivea); (449, as Balanus (Chirona) amaryllis). Chirona (Striatobalanus) krugeri (Pilsbry, 1916: 214) Kei Is; Moluccas; China; Japan; 100-250 m. (44,95,96,205,345,403,513,522); (169b, 182, 190, as Balanus krugeri); (194, as Balanus amphitrite krugeri). Chirona (Striatobalanus) taiwanensis (Hiro, 193ge: 264) China; Taiwan (Formosa). (96,205,345); (193,95, as Balanus taiwanensis). Chirona (Striatobalanus) tenuis (Hoek, 1883: 154) Indo-west Pacific: S Africa; Persian Gulf; Indian Ocean; N Australia; Arafura Sea; Singapore; Malay Arch.; China; Sand E China Sea; Philippines; S & E Japan; W Pacific; 7-551 m. (27,44,80,95,96,128,195,234,345,348,349,402,403, 433, 434,450,493,514, 528,534,535, 539,547); (182, 199,205,372, as Balanus tenuis); (199, as Balanus albus n. sp.); (200, as B. albus sp. nov.); (449, as Balanus (Chirona) tenuis); (492, as Balanus (Chirona) albus). Genus Solidobalanus Hoek, 1913 Solidobalanus (Solidobalanus) auricoma (Hoek, 1913: 198) W Atlantic Ocean; Mediterranean Sea; Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Persian Gulf; N Australia; Banda Sea; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; Moluccas; Philippines; S Japan; NW New Zealand; WSW Pacific Ocean; attached to gorgonians; 27-320 m. (112a, 234, 345, 364, 535, 603); (39, 112b, 200, 449, as Balanus (Solidobalanus (auricoma); (44, 155, 372, as Balanus auricoma). Solidobalanus (Solidobalanus) cidaricola (Ren & Liu, 1978: 170) China; E China Sea 29°00'N 126°15'E; on spine of cidarid echinoid; 110 m. (96, 205, 433); (95, 434, as Balanus cidaricola). Solidobalanus (Solidobalanus) ciliatus (Hoek, 1913: 199) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Gulfs of Aden, Persia and Manaar; Indonesia; N Australia; Malay Arch.; Ream (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; lIe Tre, Nhatrang; Condor Is; Hong Kong; E and S China Sea; Philippines; S Japan; attached to homy corals (eg. Antipathellajaponica (stem), Euplexaurea sp.); 13-220 m. (44, 92, 95, 96, 113b, 155,200, 205, 234, 345, 348,402,433,434,492, 535, 603); (46, 200, 364, 365, 372, as Balanus ciliatus); (4, as Balanus maldivensis). 266 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Solidobalanus (Solidobalanus) echinoplacis (Stubbings, 1936: 45) Indo-west Pacific: E coast of Africa (Zanzibar) to Philippines; attached to spines of echinoids; 150-550 m. (155, 345,451,603); (492, as Balanus echinoplacis); (200, as Balanus ciliatus); (449, as Balanus (Solidobalanus) echinoplacis). Solidobalanus (Solidobalanus) hawaiensis (Pilsbry, 1916: 222) Philippines, Japan, Hawaii, West Pacific and Mid-Pacific; attached to antipatharians; 21406 m. (115,345,451,603); (155, 403, 513, as Balanus hawaiiensis); (449, as Balanus (Solidobalanus) hawaiiensis). Solidobalanus (Solidobalanus) maldivensis (Borradaile, 1903: 442) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean (Maldives), Indonesia, Philippines; attached to echinoid spines; 54-390 m. (155,345,451,603); (4, 36, 200, as Balanus maldivensis); (449,450, as Balanus (Solidobalanus) maldivensis). Solidobalanus (Solidobalanus) socialis (Hoek, 1883: 150) Indo-west Pacific: Gulfs of Persia and Manaar; Bay of Bengal; N Australia; Indonesia; Malay Arch; China; SE coast of Japan; 0-91 m; fouling species. (95,96, 155, 166,200,205,345,434,496,512,528,534,535,537,539, 547, 603); (4, 128,200, as Balanus aeneas); (182, 365, 367, 372, as Balanus socialis); (291, as Balanus aeneas n. sp.). Genus Membranobalanus Hoek, 1913 Membranobalanus brachialis (Rosell, 1972: 184) NE Medio Islet, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. (345); (442, as Balanus (Membranobalanus) brachialis). Membranobalanus cuneiformis Hiro, 1936b: 627 N Australia; Arafura Sea; China's seas; Japan; 0-15 m. (192, 234, 345); (95, 96, 176, 205, as Conopea cuneiformis). Membranobalanus longirostrum (Hoek, 1913: 205) Indian Ocean; East coast of India to Singapore; Malay Arch.; Fu Kuoh Is, Cambodia; Gulf of Siam; Condor 1.; Lien Chien, Tourane; Bay of Along, near Hongay, Tonkin; China; 636 m. (44,92,96, 176,200,205,345,347,413,434,534); (46, 95, 372, as Balanus longirostrum); (85, as Balanus (Membranobalanus) roonwali n. sp.); (502, as Balanus (Membranobalanus) basicupula n. sp.); (547, as ?Balanus declivis). 267 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Membranobalanus orcutti (Pilsbry, 1907: 361) San Isidro (written as Ysidro), Lower California; South Africa (as cited by Hiro, 1936); Bauang Dakula Reef, Tandubas, Tqwitawi, Sulu Arch., Philippines. (345, 447); (393, as Balanus (Membranobalanus) oreutti). Genus Conopea Say, 1822 Conopea calceolus (Ellis, 1758: 853) W coast of Africa, Mediterranean to S. Africa; Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Persian Gulf to N Australia, Malay Arch., Hong Kong; Philippines, China; Japan; 16-250 m; on gorgonian stems (eg. Villagorgia compressa, Muricella sp., Echinogorgia flora, Euplexaurea sp., Paraplexaurea sp.). Miocene to Pleistocene, Italy; CoraBine Crag, England. (1,2,39,41,42,80,89,95,96,99, 113b, 114, 127, 128, 130, 134,200,205,234,262,279,280,284, 315,345,350,403,422,434,451,487,497,499, 512, 522,528,536,514, 539,547, 562); (44, 501, 525,535, as Balanus (Conopea) ealeeola); (88, as Balanus ealeeola); (182, 372, as Balanus ealeeolus). Conopea canaliculatus (Ren & Lin, 1978: 183) S China Sea; on gorgonians. (434, 95, 96, 205). Conopea cymbiformis (Darwin, 1854: 221) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Gulf of Aden, India, east to Fiji and NW to Indonesia, N Australia, Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; S Japan; Fiji Islands; attached to coenosarc of gorgonians and antipatharians; littoral-453 m. (44,80,92,95,96, 111, 128, 171, 205, 234, 279, 280, 285, 345, 434, 451, 512, 514, 539); (88, 372, 522, as Balanus eymbiformis); (39, as Balanus proripiens); (200, as Balanus proripiens ll. sp.); (200, as Pyrgoma jedani ll. sp.); (347,492, 528, as Balanus (Conopea) eymbiformis). Conopea dentifer (Broch, 1922: 326) Kei Is; Indonesia, Philippines and S Japan, W-SW Pacific, off Tonga I.; embedded in coenosarc of gorgonians and antipatharians; 26-266 m. (277,284,345,451); (39,44, as Balanus dentifer). Conopea granulata (Hiro, 1937: 444) China; Taiwan; Philippines (NW Panay Is.); S Japan (Tanabe Bay); embedded in coenosarc of gorgonians and antipatharians; 90-200 m. (96,205,345,451,512,514); (182,193,522,528,537,539, as Balanus (Conopea) granulatus); (95, as Balanus granulatus). Conopea navicula (Darwin, 1854: 221) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Gulfs of Aden, Persia and Siam; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; China; S Japan; 45-220 m. (88,92,95,96, 128,200,205,285, 345,434,492,528,535,539,547); (372, as Balanus navicula). 268 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Conopea sinensis (Ren & Liu 1978: 181) S China Sea (Sanmendao, Guangdong Province); China (Dongshan, Fujian Province); on antipatharians. (95, 96, 205); (434, as Balanus (Conopea) sinensis). Conopea squamosa Rosell, 1991: 56 Mindoro Str. (12°31.2'N, 120 039.3E) and SW of Nasugbu, Batangas, Philippines (13°59.25'N, 120018.2E); embedded in white gorgonian; 92-193 m. (451). Subfamily Acastinae Kolbasov, 1993 Genus Acasta Leach, 1817 Acasta alcyonica Rosell, 1991: 41 Philippines (12°01.1 'N, 121 °57 .3E); embedded in stalk of a nephtheid alcyonarian; 92-95m. (451 ). Acasta apertura Rosell, 1991: 42 Philippines (l1036.6'N, 121 043.0E); embedded in stalk of a nephtheid alcyonarian; 120122 m. (451 ). Acasta conica Hoek, 1913: 235 Celebes; Sulu Arch.; China; 40-60 m. (39, 200, 252, 345, 428); (205, as Acasta spinosa). Acasta coriolis Rosell, 1991: 46 Mindoro Str., Philippines (12°31.2'N, 120039.3E); embedded in calcareous sponge; 92-97 m. (451 ). Acasta cyathus Darwin, 1854: 312 Florida; Caribbean; Madeira; Morocco; Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; E Africa; Red Sea; Gulf of Manaar; W Australia; Singapore; Kei Is; Sulu Arch.; Malay Arch.; Philippines; 15-180 m. (4,27,39,42,44,88,117,127,128,150,200,234, 252, 345,347,372,403,408,492,545,547,553, 554, 593). Acasta echinata Hiro, 1937a: 70 Mouth of Bassac; Vietnam (Condor I.); Philippines (off SW Mindoro I.); S Japan;W Pacific; embedded in alcyonarian; 15-97 m. (92, 252, 345, 451, 512, 526); (180, 461, 528, as Acasta echinata). 269 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Acasta fenestrata Darwin, 1854: 316 Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Red Sea; Bay of Bengal; Australia; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; Seto, Japan; to 51 m. (88, 128, 192, 195, 200,205,252,279,280,372,428,450,442,514,522,547, 554, 345). Acasta flexuosa (Nilsson-Cantell, 1931b: 130) S China Sea; China. (182,205,252,428,512,345,252); (357, as Pseudoacastaflexuosa). Acasta idiopoma Pilsbry, 1912: 294 Gulf of Davao, Mindanao, Philippines; 40 m. (252, 345, 402, 403). Acasta japonica Pilsbry, 1911: 80 Malay Arch.; Cambodia; Ream (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; Thailand; Ile Tre, Nhatrang; Taiwan; Southern Japan; 10-800 m. (46,39,44,92,194,252,284,345,372,400,403,528,537,601). Acasta perforata Rosell, 1991: 49 Mindoro Str., Philippines (l2°3l.2'N, l20 0 39.3E); embedded in siliceous sponge encrusting on antipatharian; 92-97 m. (451 ). Acasta purpurata Darwin, 1854: 318 Indian Ocean; N Australia; Malay Arch.; Sumatra; Philippines; 0-5 m. (88, 128, 182, 200, 234, 252, 345, 372, 526, 547). Acasta armata (Gravier, 1921: 353) Djibouti; China: S China Sea; Sanya, Hainan I., Guangdong Province; in sponge Petrosia sp.; sublittoral to 20 m. (117, 205, 252, 428). Acasta spinosa Hiro, 193ge: 267 China; Formosa (Taiwan). (95, 96, 193, 345). Acasta spongites (Poli, 1795: 25) N Atlantic, British Isles to Mediterranean; S Africa; Indo-west Pacific: W part of Indian Ocean; Australia; S China Sea; China; Japan (Hakodate, Sagami Bay); in sponge. (27,88,128,205,234,252,259,345,372,403,410,428,487, 514, 522, 535, 547). 270 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Acasta sulcata Lamarck, 1818: 398 Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Persian Gulf; Red Sea; Maldives; Laccadives; Australia; Malay Arch.; Ream (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; Condor Is; Cauda Nhatrang; He Tre, Nhatrang; Lien Chien, Tourane;South China Sea; Vietnam; S China Sea; Hong Kong; China; Philippines; Japan; embedded in sponges. (36,46,88,92, 113b, 127, 128, 182, 205, 203,234,252,262,290, 299,280, 345, 372,428,494, 514, 522, 535, 547, 393). Genus Archiacasta Kolbasov, 1993 Archiacasta fragilis Ren, 1984c: 188 S China Sea; Xinying, Hainan 1., Guangdong Province; embedded in sponge Ircinia sp.; inter-tidal, coral reef. (252); (205, 428, as Acasta fragilis). Archiacasta hainanensis Reo, 1984c: 186 S China Sea: 18°30'N 1l0030'E; embedded in the sponge Ircinia sp.; 112 m. (252); (205, 428, as Acasta hainanensis). Archiacasta membranacea (Barnard, 1924: 88) S Africa; S China Sea; embedded in sponge. (252); (27, 205, 345, 372, 428, as Acasta membranacea). Archiacasta spinitergum Broch, 1931: 112 N Australia; Java Sea; Indonesia, Hong Kong; China; Philippines; embedded in sponge; 35 m. (252, 345); (44, 113b, 175, 205, 234, 259, 345, 526, as Acasta spinitergum). Archiacasta tenuivalvata (Broch, 1947: 28) Vietnam (Lien Chien, Tourane); embedded in sponge; 15 m. (252); (46, 92, 345, as Acasta tenuivalvata). Genus Euacasta Kolbasov, 1993 Euacasta aculeata Nilsson-Cantell, 1921: 342 Gulf of Siam; embedded in sponges. (252); (345, 347, as Acasta aculeata). Euacasta ctenodentia Rosell, 1972: 200 Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines; embedded in sponges. (252); (345, 442, as Acasta ctenodentia). 271 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Euacasta dofleini Kruger, 1911a: 56 Australia; Indonesia; Sulu Arch.; Australia; Singapore; Malay Arch.; S China Sea; Hong Kong; China; Philippines; S Japan; embedded in sponges (eg. Callyspongia diffusa, Cacospongia sp., Pseudaxnyssa sp., Reniera sp.); littoral - 280 m. (252); (39,44, 92, 113b, 176, 182,205,203,229,234,279, 280,329a, 345, 347,403,428,442, 514, 522, 527a, 528, 534, 536, as Acasta dojleini); (164, as A. aperta sp. nov.). Euacasta microforamina Rosell, 1970: 105 Philippines; embedded in sponge. (252); (345, 441, as Acasta microjoramina). Euacasta porata Nilsson-Cantell, 1921: 348 Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Bay of Bengal; Sunda Is, Indonesia; Malay Arch.; Vietnam; Lien Chien, Tourane; Mindanao, Philippines; embedded in sponges; 1-55 m. (252); (44, 46, 92, 345, 347, 372, 442, as Acasta porata). Euscasta sporillus Darwin, 1854: 319 Sulu Arch.; S China Sea; China, Japan; embedded in sponges. (252); (88, 128, 164, 200, 205, 345, 428, 547, as Acasta sporillus). Euacasta zuiho Hiro, 1936b: 632 N of Port Darwin, N Australia; S China Sea; China; embedded in sponges. (252); (95, 96, 176, 205, 234, 345, 428, as Acasta zuiho). Genus Neoacasta Kolbasov, 1993 Neoacasta coriobasis Broch, 1947: 25 Indo-China; Mouth of Bassac; China; Japan, Hiroshima Bay; embedded in sponges. (252); (46, 92, 205, 345, 430, 515, as Acasta coriobasis). Neocasta glans Lamarck, 1818: 398 Indo-west Pacific: Iranian Gulf; Bay of Bengal; Australia; Indonesia; Malay Arch.; S China Sea; China; Philippines; embedded in sponges; 15-55 m. (252); (44, 127, 128,200, 205, 234, 259, 290, 345, 372, 403, 428, 535, 547, as Acasta glans). Neoacasta laevigata Gray, 1825: 103 Indo-west Pacific: Red Sea; Indian Ocean; Zanzibar; Andaman Is; Malay Arch.; China; Philippines; Japan; Palau Is; embedded in sponges; littoral. (252); (88, 118, 127, 128, 181,200,205,345,372,428,442,547,593, as Acasta laevigata). 272 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Genus Pectinoacasta Kolbasov, 1993 Pectinoacasta pectinipes Pilsbry, 1912: 294 Indo-west Pacific: S Africa; Indian Ocean; Andaman Is; Australia; Java Sea; Sulu Arch.; Malay Arch.; S China Sea; Hong Kong; China; Philippines (near Malavatuan Island, off S Luzon); Japan; embedded in sponges (eg. Reniera sp., Tedania sp.); 10-170 m. (252); (27, 28, 39,44, 113b, 164, 182,200,229,265,234,282,345,402,428,512, 527a, 528, 536, 601, as Acasta pectinipes); (164, as A. komaii n. sp.); (200, as A. nitida n. sp.); (403, synonymises A. nitida with A. pectinipes); (372, synonymises A. komaii with A. pectinipes). Pectinoacasta sculptura Broch, 1931: 101 Java Sea; Indonesia to Philippines; embedded in siliceous sponges; 49-97 m. (252); (44, 345, 451, 526, as Acasta sculptura). Family Pyrgomatidae Gray, 1825 Subfamily Pyrgomatinae Gray, 1825 Tribe Pyrgomatini Ross & Newman, 1995 Genus Cantellius Ross & Newman, 1973 Cantellius acutum (Hiro, 1938d: 396) N Australia; Philippines; Japan; Palau Is. (111, 128, 171, 187,234,262,345,347,462,528); (88, as Creusia spinulosa var. 6, subvar. 2). Cantellius albus Ren, 1986: 138 S China Sea: Sanya & Yulin, Hainan Is; Dongdao & Yongxingdao, Xisha Is, Guangdong; South China Sea; associated with Acropora spp, Acropora armata (Brook). (205, 429, 430). Cantellius euspinulosa (Broch, 1931: 118) Indo-west Pacific: Bay of Bengal; Andaman Is; Mergui Arch.; N Australia; Indonesia; Singapore; Malay Arch.; China; Sulu Arch.; Philippines; Japan (Pacific coast); Palau Is; associated with coral reefs. (20,30,44,96,111,127,128,187,234,262,345,462,528); (88, as Creusia spinulosa var. l); (95, 205, as Creusia spinulosa euspinulosa); (as Creusia spinulosa var. euspinulosa (var. 1»; (182, as Creusia spinulosa var. euspinulosa); (372, as Creusia spinulosa f. euspinulosa, nom. nov.); (512, as Creusia spinulosa f. euspinulosa). Cantellius gregarius (Sowerby, 1823: no pagination) Indian Ocean; Bay of Bengal; N Australia; Banda Sea, Indonesia; Malay Arch.; Singapore; China; in Acropora sp.; associated with coral reefs; 0 to 70 m. (128, 187,205,234,262,266,345,429,430,479); (44, as Creusia spinulosa forma gregaria); (88, as Creusia spinulosa var. 3); (171, as Creusia spinulosa var. gregaria (var. 3»; (372, as Creusia spinulosa f. gregaria Broch, nom. nov.). 273 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Cantellius iwayama (Hiro, 1938: 393) China; Palau I; on Acropora sp. (205, 345, 429, 462); (187, as Creusia spinulosa forma iwayama). Cantellius madreporum (Borradaile, 1903: 443) Maldives; ?Gulf of Siam; associated with coral reefs. (36, 92, 171, 200, 372, 345, 462). Cantellius pallidus (Broch, 1931: 118) Indo-west Pacific: N Australia; Banda Sea, Indonesia; Singapore; S China Sea; Hong Kong; China; Philippines; Japan; Fiji; associated with corals Montiporajoliosa (pallas), M Streata Bemard, M. solanderi Bemard, M. sinensis Bemard, M. listeri Bemard, M gaimardi Bemard, Pavona jrondifera Lamarck, P. minikoiensis (Gardiner), P. praetorta Dana, P. lata Dana, Pocillopora brevicornis Lamarck, P. damicornis (Linnaeus), P. danae Verrill, Cyphastrea serailia (Forskiil), Merulina amplicata (Ellis & Solander). (44,96, 113b, 187,234,261,262, 329a, 345, 429, 430, 462); (95, as Creusiaspinulosapallida); (171, 182, 205, as Creusia spinulosa var. pallida). Cantellius secundus (Broch, 1931: 118) Indo-west Pacific: Red Sea; N Australia; Andaman Is; Kei Is; Malay Arch.; Singapore; Hong Kong; China; Japan; Palau Is; associated with corals Acroporajormosa (Dana), A. corymbosa (Lamarck); to 20 m. (110, 113b, 127, 128,234,345,429,430,462,528,539,593); (44,187,261, as Creusia spinulosa forma secunda); (88, as Creusia spinulosa var. 2); (171, as Creusia spinulosa var. secunda (var. 2»; (372, as Creusia spinulosa f. secunda, nom. nov.). Cantellius septimus (Hiro, 1938d: 395) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; N Australia; China; Philippines; Palau Is; associated with Montiporajragilis Quelch, M. ramosa Bamard, Mjruiticosa Bamard, M gaimardia Bamard, M. joliosa (pallas), M. striata Bamard, M solanderi Barnard; 0-20 m. (234,256,259,262,345,429,430,430); (187, as Creusia spinulosa forma septima); (88, 261, 347, as Creusia spinulosa var. 7). Cantellius sextus Hiro, 1938d: 398 Philippines; Palau Is; associated with coral reefs. (128, 187,345,462); (88, as Creusia spinulosa var. 6 subsp. 3). Cantellius sinensis Reo, 1986: 137 S China Sea: Dongdao & Yongxingdao, Xisha Is, Guangdong; associated with Acropora pacifica (Brook). (205, 429, 430). 274 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Cantellius transversalis Nilsson-Cantell, 1938a: 61 Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Andaman Is; Malay Arch.; Philippines; associated with coral reefs. (127, 128,345,347,371,462); (88, as Creusia spinulosa var. 6 subvar. 1); (372, as Creusia spinulosa f. transversalis, nom. nov.). Cantellius tredecimus Kolosvary, 1947d: 365 Singapore; associated with coral reefs. (261, 262, 345). Genus Creusia Leach, 1817 Creusia indicum (Annandale, 1924: 64) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Bay of Bengal; Mergui Arch.; Kei Is.; Singapore; Malay Arch.; Hong Kong; China; Japan; Palau Is; associated with corals Favia palauensis Yabe & Sugiyama, F. speciosa (Dana), Goniastrea aspera Verrill, G. yamanarii (Yabe & Sugiyama), Podabacia crustacea (pallas). (26,95,96, 113b, 329a, 345, 372,429,430,511,532); (20, as Pyrgoma indicum phase merulinae novo and phase symphylliae nov.); (44, 187, as C. spinulosa forma angustiradiata nov.); (88, 200, as C. spinulosa var. 11); (171, 182, as C. spinulosa var. angustiradiata nov.); (205, as Creusia indicum); (372, as Creusia spinulosa forma angustiradiata); (528, as Pyrgoma indicum); (532, 539, as Creusia indica). Genus Savignium Leach, 1825 Savignium crenatum (Sowerby, 1823: no pagination) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Mergui Arch.; Great Barrier Reef, Australia; Singapore; Malay Arch.; Hong Kong; China; Philippines; Japan; Line Is; Palau Is; associated with corals Goniastrea aspera Verrill, Favites abdita (Ellis & Solander), Merulina ampliaya (Ellis & Solander); 0-20 m. (479, 113b, 187, 205, 234, 329a, 345, 429, 430, 462, 547); (20, as Pyrgoma crenatum phase tridacophylliae nov.); (44, 88, 98,128,171, 182,259,261,262,265,372,403,512,539, as Pyrgoma crenatum). Savignium dentatum (Darwin, 1854: 369) Indo-west Pacific: Red Sea; N Australia; Malay Arch.; Gulf of Siam; New Guinea; Hong Kong; China; Japan; Palau Is; associated with living scIeractinian corals (eg. Favites pentagona, F. abdita, Goniastrea sp.); 0-20 m. (92, 113b, 128, 135, 164,205,234,262,345,372,429,430,462,547); (88,182,187, as Pyrgoma dentatum). 275 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Savignium elongatum (Hiro, 1931: 154) Indo-west Pacific: Australia; Gulf of Siam; Hong Kong; China; Japan; Palau Is; attached to living scleractinian corals (eg. Goniastrea aspera). (92, 113b, 164, 182, 187,205,345,462); (171,187, as Pyrgoma elongatum). Savignium milliporae (Darwin, 1854: 367) Indo-west Pacific: N Australia; China; east to Palau Is and Fiji; associated with coral Millipora sp.; 0-5 m. (30, 171, 175,205,234,345,462,430,547); (44, 88, Ill, 128, 187,200,347,372, as Pyrgoma milliporae); (263, as Pyrgoma milliporae forma typica nov.; as Pyrgoma milliporae forma snellius nov.). Savignium orientale Ren, 1986: 143 S China Sea: Nanaodao, Chenzhen, Guangdong; associated with coral Goniastrea sp. (205, 429, 430). Genus Nobia Sowerby, 1823 Nobia conjunctum (Darwin, 1854: 364) Indo-west Pacific: Red Sea; Ceylon; Mergui Arch.; N Australia; Singapore; Gulf of Siam; Hong Kong; China; Sulu Arch.; Japan; associated with living scleractinian corals (eg. Cyphastrea conjugatum (Forskal), Cyphastrea sp., Goniastrea sp.). (96, ll3b, 205, 234, 261, 329a, 345, 429, 430); (4, 39, 46, 88, 95, 128, 164, 171, 182, 200, 372, 547, as Pyrgoma conjugatum); (462, as Nobia conjugatum). Nobia grandis Sowerby, 1839: 71 Indo-west Pacific: Mergui Arch.; Maldives; N Australia; Indonesia; Kei Is; Singapore; Gulf of Siam; Hong Kong; China; Japan; Palau Is.; associated with living scleractinian corals (eg. Porites lobata). (20,30,36,44,92, 113b, 128, 164, 182, 187, 200, 205, 234,261, 262, 278, 329a, 345, 347,462,482, 547); (88,171,372, as Pyrgoma grande). Nobia orbicellae (Hiro, 1934: 367) Indo-west Pacific: Mergui Arch.; Singapore; China; Japan; Palau Is; Fiji; associated with living scleractinian corals (eg. Galaxeafascicularis (Linnaeus), G. lamarcki Milne-Edward & Haime). (205,259,260,345,429,430,462); (170,171,182,187, as Pyrgoma orbicellae); (372, as Pyrgoma gonioporae). Nobia sinica Ren, 1986: 148 S China Sea, 18°45'N llO o 45'E and 19°30'N 113°00'E; 98-145 m; associated with Dendrophyllia sp. (205, 429, 430). 276 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Genus Pyrgoma Leach, 1817 Pyrgoma anglicum Sowerby, 1823: no pagination North America; Mediterranean; Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Malay Arch.; S China Sea; China; Japan; associated with Heterocyathus sp., Dendrophyllia sp. (479,42, 88, 128, 182, 372, 501, 547); (205, 345, 429, 430, 462, as Boscia anglica). Pyrgoma cancellata Leach, 1818: 171 Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Mergui Arch.; Maldives; N Australia; Malay Arch.; Gulf of Siam; Hong Kong; China; Philippines; Japan; Palau Is; associates with Dendrophyllia japonica Rehbeg, Turbinaria mantonae Crossland, Turbinaria peltata) (36,88,92, 113b, 129, 171, 182, 187,200,205,234,280,293, 329a, 345, 372, 429, 430, 462, 522, 528, 539); (279, as var. japonica); (547, as var. japonica nov.) Tribe Pyrgopsellini Ross & Newman, 1995 Genus Pyrgopsella Zullo, 1967 Pyrgopsella stellula Rosell, 1975b: 211 Hong Kong; Bauang Dakula reef, Tandubas, Tawutawi, Sulu Arch., Philippines (5°9'24"N, 120° IT30"E); embedded in calcareous sponges (eg. Spirastrella vagabunda); littoral, lowest levels. (113b, 329a, 447). Tribe Hoekiini Ross & Newman, 1995 Genus Hoekia Ross & Newman, 1973 Hoekia monticulariae (Gray, 1831: 6) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Mauritius; Bay of Bengal; Singapore; Malay Arch.; Japan.; associated with coral reefs. (20,26,88,119,128,164,171,182,200,259,261,345,372,438). Subfamily Bosciinae Newman & Ross, 1976 Genus Boscia Ferussac, 1822 Boscia oulastreae (Utinomi, 1962: 227) ?Kei Is; Hong Kong; China; S Japan; associated with living scleractinian corals (eg. Coscinaraea columna, Dendrophyllia sp., Oulastrea crispatf' Tubastrea sp.). (113b, 205,345,462,464,528,539); (512, as Creusia spinulosa fo ma quarta); (532, as Megatrema oulastrea); (171, as Pyrgoma anglicum). I I 277 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Family Balanidae Leach, 1817 Subfamily Balaninae Leach, 1817 Genus Balanus da Costa, 1778 Group of Balanus balanus Balanus crenatus Bruguiere, 1789: 168 N Pacific; Arctic; N Atlantic; S China* (*unverified locality according to Newman & Ross, 1976: 61). (40,48,88,95,96, 144, 148, 173,205,345,357,403,434,478,487,505,537). Group of Balanus concavus Balanus concavus sinensis Broch, 1931: 63 Hong Kong. (NOTE: Balanus concavus concavus is a circumtropica1 fouling form). (44, 156); (345, synonymy with Balanus concavus concavus Bronn, 1831: 127). Group of Balanus amphitrite Balanus albicostatus albicostatus Pilsbry, 1916: 90 Australia; Hong Kong; S China Sea; China, Taiwan, Japan, S Honsyu, Kyusyu & Ryukyu Is; Korea; California; low littoral, fouling. (94,95,96,104, 113b, 128, 156, 160, 161, 186, 189, 193,203,205,211,214,217,230,232,234, 245,250,259,267,271,272,275,277,310, 311,312, 329a, 345,347,371,376,380,426,434,501, 505,512,518,522,523,528,532,536,537,539,575,576, 594); (182,184,192, 194,279,403, as Balanus amphitrite albicostatus); (127, as Balanus violaceus); (184, as Balanus amphitrite jormosanus); (532, as Balanus albicostatus albicostatus). Balanus albicostatus formosanus Hiro, 1938a: 306 Taiwan. (184, 193, 271, 276, 277, 345, 532). Balanus amphitrite amphitrite Darwin, 1854: 240 Cosmopolitan in warm and temperate seas; England & W Europe to S coast of Africa Red, Black and Mediterranean Seas; Suez Canal; SE Africa; Indian Ocean; Australia; Malaysia; Ream (Cambodia); Gulf of Siam; Condor Is; Tang Trien (South Annam); Cauda Nhatrang; Hongay, Tonkin; S China Sea; Hong Kong; China; Bohai Sea; Taiwan; Philippines; Japan; S Honsyu, Kyusyu & Ryukyu Is; Vladivostok; Hawaii; central California to SW Mexico; littoral to sublittoral fringe, fouling. (34,39,43,46,54,88,94,95,96,111, 112a, 113b, 138, 139, 156,184,203,204,205,206,207,213, 211,212,230,232,234,291,304,302, 324,329a, 345,346, 347, 357, 379, 396,406,417,433,434, 450,451,453,478,497,499,501,505,512, 520,527,528,532,535,537,542,565,569,575,576, 596,597); (169b, 182, 193, 194,365, as Balanus amphitrite communis); (372, as Balanus amphitrite hawaiiensis); (439, as B amphitrite saltonensis, as B amphitrite herzi, as B. amphitritejranciscanus); (449, as Balanus (Balanus) amphitrite amphitrite); (495, part); (496, as amphitrite var variegatus). 278 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Balanus amphitrite poecilosculpta Broch, 1931: 59 Indonesia; South China Sea; C. St. Jacques, Cochinchina; Cauda Nhatrang; 33-853 m. (44,46, 92, 182, 345, 364, 522). Balanus amphitrite rafflesia Nilsson-Cantell, 1934a: 64 Pulau Sakra, near Singapore; on mangroves. (345, 367); (364, as Balanus rajflesia). Balanus cirratus (Darwin, 1854: 241) Indo-west Pacific: India; Australia; Indonesia; Sunda Islands; Malay Arch.; Singapore; S Vietnam (Nhatrang Bay, Cua Be); Hong Kong; S China Sea; China; Philippines; Taiwan; Japan; S Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Is; Korea; littoral to sublittoral fringe, fouling. (53,90,94,95,96,104,127,128,138,156,184,193,205, 211,213,230,232,234,270,272,275, 277,297,310,345,361,411,434,444,475,532,537,539, 542, 557, 569, 594, 597); (88, 547, as Balanus amphitrite var. 9 cirratus); (192, 347, 357, 364, 363,372,512,528,532, as Balanus amphitrite cirratus); (449, as Balanus (Balanus) variegatus cirratus); (496, as Balanus amphitrite var. cirratus); (505, ? as Balanus amphitrite vladivostokensis); (113b, as Balanus variegatus cirratus). Balanus eburneus Gonld, 1841: 15 Endemic to W Atlantic; introduced to Europe, Mediterranean; Indian Ocean; China; Bohai Sea; Japan; Hawaii and other islands of Pacific Oceania; fouling species. (81,88,95,96, 116a, 128, 152,202,205,259,332,345,347,357,372,403,404,434,478,505,524, 531,537,547). Balanus improvisus Darwin, 1854: 250 E coast of the Americas; N Atlantic; W coast of Africa to C of Good Hope; Mediterranean; Black Sea; Red Sea; NW coast ofU.S.A.; Ecuador; Australia; Strait of Malacca; Singapore; China; Bohai Sea; Japan; fouling. (40,88,95,96,128,148,152,205,202,248,259, 345, 347,350,357,403,434,478, 505, 531, 534, 537, 547). Balanus kondakovi Tarasov & Zevina, 1957: 191 Indo-west Pacific: India; Sumatra; SW Australia; mainland coast of SE Asia; Gulf of Thailand; Yellow Sea; Japan; New Zealand; fouling. (154, 156,241,244,279,297,345,416,444,568); (505, as Balanus amphitrite kondakovi); (184, 193, 520, 594, as Balanus amphitrite krugeri); (251, 532, 537, as ? Balanus uliginosus); (372, as Balanus pallidus krugeri); (403, (part) as Balanus amphitrite albicostatus). Balanus littoralis Ren & Lin 1978:92 China: Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province; Donghaidao & Ya-xian, Guangdong Province; ChiSha, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; fouling. (95, 205, 434). 279 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Balanus pallidus Darwin, 1854: 240 W Indies to N coast of S America; Panama Canal; W Africa from Morocco to mouth of Congo; Mediterranean Sea; Indo-west Pacific: Zanzibar; Bombay, India; ?Sumatra; Australia; Java Sea; Straits of Malacca to Hong Kong, Philippine Arch. Known with certainty from W Africa and W coast of India. (24, 88, 156, 202, 230, 232, 234, 329a, 345, 497, 532). Balanus patellaris (Spengler, 1780: 101) SW coast of India to Straits of Malacca; Java Sea, Malay Arch. to Philippine Arch. (6,56,61,88,127, 128,200,345,351,347,372,534,547); (156, as Balanus patelliformis). Balanus poecilotheca Kruger, 1911a: 48 Indo-west Pacific: SW Africa; SW Australia; Malay Arch.; Sulu Arch.; China; Taiwan; Japan. (27,95,96, 156, 184, 193,205,279,280,345,403,434,512,522,528,539); (44, as Balanus amphitrite forma poecilotheca); (182, 193,505, as Balanus amphitrite poecilotheca); (364, as Balanus amphitrite poecilosculpta). Balanus pulchellus Ren, 1989a: 468 Zhujiang River estuary, S China Sea; fouling species. (205,432). Balanus reticulatus Utinomi, 1967: 216 Circumtropical - SE USA to W Indies; Mediterranean Sea; SE Africa to Malaysia; Hong Kong to Gulf of Siam; east Asia from China, Yellow Sea, S China Sea; Australia; Malay Arch to Japan and Hawaii; fouling form. (52,55,94,95,96, 113b, 154, 156,203,205,207,211,212,213,230, 232,234,273,329a, 345,426, 434,477,494,532,537,542,569,574,572,570,571,573, 575, 576, 596, 597); (39, as Balanus amphitrite forma communis); (44, 184, 253, 520, 527, 529, 536, as Balanus amphitrite communis); (88 (in part), 200, as Balanus amphitrite var. (1) communis); (310, as Balanus amphitrite tesselatus); (444, as Balanus amphitrite amphitrite); (478, as Balanus amphitrite amphitrite var.); (539, as Balanus amphitrite tesselatus nom. nov.). Balanus rhizophorae (Ren & Liu, 1978: 148) S China Sea; Indian Ocean. (433); (434, as Balanus littoralis). Balanus uliginosus Utinomi, 1967c: 202 S China Sea; China; Taiwan; Bohai Sea; southern Japan; S Honsyu, Kyusyu, Ryukyu Is; southern Korea; littoral to sublittoral fringe, fouling. (532,95,96,184, 193, ｾＰＲ 205, 208, 209, 210, ｾＱＳ 311, 313, 345,417,434, 532, ＵＳｾ 537, 575, 576,594); (192, as Balanus amphitrite Krugeri); (279, as Balanus amphitrite niveus); (359,444,505, 512, 528, as Balanus amphitrite krugeri); (539, as Balanus amphitrite tesselatus nom. nov.). 280 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 Balanus variegatus variegatus Darwin, 1854: 241 Indo-west Pacific: Bay of Bengal; Sumatra; New Zealand, Australia; Indonesia; Vietnam; Gulf of Siam; Hong Kong, W Kyushu; Vladivostok; fouling. (33,38,44,79,80,81,82,83,128,131,138,156,200,215, 230, ＬＲｾ 234, 238, 244, 321, 329a, 345, 364,365,372,496,505,547,552); (88, as Balanus amphitrite var. 8, variegatus); (111, as Balanus amphitrite malayensis); (240, larval comparison with Balanus amphitrite); (411, as Balanus amphitrite cirratus); (534, includes Balanus amphitrite malayensis Hoek, 1913: 172). Balanus zhujiangensis Ren, 1989a: 467 Zhujiang River Estuary, S China Sea; fouling species. (205, 432). Group of Balanus trigonus Balanus minutus Hoek, 1913: 177 Kwandang Bay, Indonesia; Singapore; Malay Arch.; Sulu Is; Philippines; S Japan; Bonin Is; 26-146 m. (39, 200, 345, 534). Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854: 223 Cosmopolitan in tropical and warm temperate seas; Pacific, Indian and Southern Atlantic Oceans; Cauda Nhatrang; S China Sea; Hong Kong; China; 3-120 m, sublittoral fouling. (27, 44, 46, 88, 94, 95, 96, 112a, 113b, 132, 165, 182, 194, 194, 205, 211, 212, 206, 208, 203, 213, 230,232,233,234,259,279,345, 321,329a, 347,350,379,434,453, 505,495,498,499,501,512, 522, 534, 535, 537, 539, 542, 554, 569, 597); (128, as Balanus armatus); (403, includes Balanus armatus Miiller, 1868: 393). Subfamily Megabalaninae Newman, 1979 Genus Megabalanus Hoek, 1913 Megabalanus ajax (Darwin, 1854: 214) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Maldive, Seychelles and Chagos Is; N Australia; Philippines; Japan; Solomon Is; New Caledonia; Pacific Ocean; attached to Millipora complanata Lamarck, 1816. (88 (part), 108, 127,128, 130, 134, 135, 157,200,235,234,268,269,284,345,403 (part), 547); (372, as Balanus ajax). Megabalanus crispatus (Schroter, 1786: 534) La Rochelle, Senegal; East Indies; China; fouling (Note: Henry & McLaughlin, 1986: 29 say distribution of this species is unknown). (30,95, 127,157,345,403,501,547); (469, as Lepas crispata); (88, as Balanus tintinnabulum var. crispatus); (96, 205, as Balanus tintinnabulum crispatus). 281 Jones et al.: Cirripedia of the South China Sea Megabalanus occator (Darwin, 1854: 196) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Indonesia; Xisha Is., S China Sea; E China Sea; China; Taiwan; Philippines (Mindanao); Bonin I.; Fiji Is. (35, 108, 111, 128, 157,259,284,345,377,512, 546b, 547); (88, as Balanus occator); (95, as Balanus (Megabalanus)occator); (95, 205, 434, as Balanus (Megabalanus) xishaensis); (96, 193, 205, 263, 372,403, 516, as Balanus tintinnabulum occator). Megabalanus rosa (Pilsbry, 1916: 61) N Australia; China; Taiwan; Japan; S Honshu, Kyushu and Ryukyu Is.; fouling species. (44,95,157,160,194,205,230,232,234,246,247,249, 259, 284, 345, 357, 512, 522, 528); (165, 182, 359, 403, as Balanus tintinnabulum rosa); (96, as Balanus rosa); (434, 566, as Balanus (Megabalanus) rosa); (505, 537, as Balanus (Megabalanus) tintinnabulum rosa). Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758: 668) Worldwide: W Africa from Mediterranean to Cape of Good Hope; Europe, east Mediterranean; Indo-west Pacific: Madagascar; Arabian Sea; Bay of Bengal; N Australia; Thailand; Hong Kong; E & S China Seas; Taiwan; Japan; New Zealand, Brazil, Venazuela; fouling species. (27,95, 128, 157, 181, 192, 193,205,230,232,234,279,321, 329a, 357, 426, 433, 495, 497,505, 512,569,572); (298, as Lepas Tintinnabulum); (88, 200, as Balanus tintinnabulum var. communis); (96, 193, 372,403,499, 501,594, as Balanus tintinnabulum tintinnabulum); (345, as Megabalanus antillensis); (379, as Balanus tintinnabulum var. tintinnabulum); (403, as Balanus tintinnabulum antillensis); (434, as Balanus (Megabalanus) tintinnabulum tintinnabulum). Megabalanus validus (Darwin, 1854: 195) SW Australia; Malay Arch.; Taiwan; fouling. (44, 127, 128, 157,230,232,234,282,284,345,372,547); (88, 200, as Balanus tintinnabulum var. validus). Megabalanus volcano (Pilsbry, 1916: 60) Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; N Australia; Hong Kong; E & S China Sea; S. Taiwan; Japan, S Honshu, Kyushu & Ryukyu Islands; low tidal,sublittoral fringe. (95, 113b, 157, 186, 194, 205, 203, 230, 232, 234, 284, 311, 329a,345,433, 512, 522,523,536,537, 539,566,572); (403, part, as Balanus tintinnabulum var. crispatus); (96, as Balanus volcano); (182, 360,372,403, as Balanus tintinnabulum volcano); (279, ?as Balanus tintinnabulum var. communis); (349, as Balanus tintinnabulum peninsularis); (434, as Balanus (Megabalanus) volcano); (505, as Balanus (Megabalanus) tintinnabulum volcano); (594, as Balanus tintinnabulum occator). Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854: 195) Atlantic Ocean; W Africa; Indo-west Pacific: Indian Ocean; Bombay; Thailand; China; Philippines. (27,30,95,127,128,133,135, 157, 192, 193,205,238,259,316,345,495,498,547); (88, 244, as Balanus tintinnabulum var. zebra); (96, 90, 193,403,501, as Balanus tintinnabulum zebra); (534, as Balanus (Megabalanus) tintinnabulum zebra). 282 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2000 Supplement No. 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks are due to Anne Nevin for her assistance in the initial formulation of the Checklist. We thank Professor B. S. Morton and support staff of the SWIRE Institute of Marine Science, Cape d' Aguilar, University of Hong Kong, for use of library facilities and assistance with Chinese literature. We also appreciate the assistance of Dr P. Ng, National University of Singapore, and Dr Dai Ai-yun, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China, with Chinese literature. LITERATURE CITED Alessandri, G. de, 1895. Contribuzione allo studio dei Cirripedi fossili d'Italia. Soc. Geol. Ita/. Boil., 13(3): 234-314. [1] Alessandri, G. de, 1906. 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