Bivalvia (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico

Fabio  Moretzsohn

Six sediment samples weighing between 224-735 g were collected in June of 2016 from Cayo Nuevo reef, located at the Campeche Bank, southern Gulf of Mexico. Samples were collected by SCUBA diving, from two stations at depths of 7.6 and 18.2 m. Sediment was sieved and molluscs (adults and micromolluscs ≤ 10 mm) were sorted, examined, and identified to the lowest taxonomic level. A total of 1,347 specimens was found, of which 224 shells were dead and 1,123 were alive. Thirty-four families, 53 genera, and 67 species were identified. The most abundant families were Chamidae and Arcidae for the class Bivalvia, and Caecidae and Tornidae for the class Gastropoda. The vertical range of Bentharca sp. was extended.

Six sediment samples weighing between 224–735 g were collected in June of 2016 from Cayo Nuevo reef, located at the Campeche Bank, southern Gulf of Mexico. Samples were collected by SCUBA diving, from were two stations at depths of 7.6 and 18.2 m. Sediment was sieved and molluscs (adults and micromolluscs ≤ 10 mm) were sorted, examined, and identified to the lowest taxonomic level. A total of 1,347 specimens was found, of which 224 shells were dead and 1,123 were alive. Thirty-four families, 53 genera, and 67 species were identified. The most abundant families were Chamidae and Arcidae for the Bivalvia class, and Caecidae and Tornidae for the Gastropoda class. The vertical range of Bentharca sp. was extended.

Bivalve mollusks comprise a significant percentage of the marine benthic fauna, with about 8,000 living species (Boss, 1982). The class is exclusively aquatic, though some intertidal species can survive many days out of water, and inhabitants of ephemeral lakes can aestivate in moist sediments for several months. Marine bivalves are found in all ocean habitats, from the intertidal splash zone to the deepest troughs and basins. Adults range in size from less than one millimeter in length to tropical species with shells nearly 2 meters long. Identification of most bivalve mollusk taxa have been traditionally based entirely on shell characters, however, to understand the ecology of a selected species requires knowledge of the anatomy. The study of anatomy, along with the shell structure, assists in the identification of phylogenetic relationships and establishes evolutionary trends. Most bivalves feed by filtering small particles on their ctenidia and further sorting the material on their palps before ingestion. There are carnivorous species, primarily in the Order Septibranchida, that literally suck in prey as they pass by the predator. All members of the class lack jaws or a radula, and are not able to chew or break up food in the mouth (with the exception of the "shipworms" in the Teredinidae). Some smaller bivalves are commensal, chiefly belonging to the superfamily Galeommatoidea. They have been found in association with sponges, cnidarians, polychaetes, crustaceans, echinoderms, echiurans, sipunculans, and ascideans. commensal relationships such as these provide protection to the bivalves, and for many species, an expanded water flow and food supply. Symbiotic relationships have been documented for many members of the Lucinoidea, which possess chemoautotrophic bacteria in their ctenidia.

Turgeon, D. D., W. G. Lyons, P. Mikkelsen, G. Rosenberg, and F. Moretzsohn. 2009. Bivalvia (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 711–744 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. • 35 Bivalvia (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico Donna D. Turgeon, William G. Lyons, Paula Mikkelsen, Gary Rosenberg, and Fabio Moretzsohn The molluscan class Bivalvia includes mussels, oysters, scallops, and clams. Named for the characteristic twoshelled valves that enclose sot parts of the animal, bivalves are an important part of the benthic infauna and epifauna of the Gulf of Mexico. They can be found from the head of tide to the deepest abyss, attached to rocks and shells, buried in the mud and sand, crawling on seagrass blades, and burrowing in wood and coral rock. These animals serve important ecological roles in estuaries and other shallow waters as ilter feeders that ingest what is in the water and egest processed materials to the substrate. Bivalve burrowing species turn over shallow sands, silts, and mud, aerating the topmost substratum. Boring bivalves break down coral rock and wooden materials, forming crevices for other species to inhabit. The shipworms, a highly modiied group of bivalves, are agents for decomposing organic materials in seawater (e.g., trees and wooden debris) but are considered pests by many coastal residents because they burrow into and destroy wooden pilings and other structures, causing millions of dollars of damage. Scallops, oysters, mussels, and clams have great commercial value and are featured fare in many Gulf restaurants. Most bivalves are free living, although a few are parasitic. Life cycles most oten include planktonic larvae. Many errors are suspected in the literature, because the taxonomy of bivalve mollusks is diicult. Species identiication is based oten on subtle diagnostic diferences in the shape of the shell, the curve of the pallial sinus where the siphons attach to the shell, and tiny teeth and indentations where the hinges rock together as the clam opens and Bivalvia. After Leal 2002. shuts its valves. Species that cement to, or bore into, hard substrates oten have shell shapes too variable to allow identiication at the species level. As is the case for many other invertebrate taxa, upper-level taxonomy continues to evolve. Taxa that were subgenera a few decades ago have been elevated to generic status, and even the familial level taxa are in lux. Some of the species recorded for the Gulf of Mexico 50–100 years ago have not been reported since. Most scientiic sampling has been done in shallow habitats and in national marine sanctuaries, parks, and refuges. Deepwater habitats are still relatively unknown. For abyss and seep species, distributions are thought to be patchy; sampling is diicult, ship time is expensive, and the few expeditions undertaken to date have certainly not covered enough territory. The purpose of this report is to update the list of 711 712 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Bivalvia. Drawing by F. Moretzsohn. bivalves known to reside in the Gulf of Mexico (GMx) compiled by Rehder (1954). In Rehder’s own words (1954: 471), “I list only a few species” in what seem to be the most important biotopes present in the littoral zone. Thus, he elected to discuss the distributions of 41 bivalve species from the entire Gulf of Mexico, delineating the littoral fauna into 2 tropical provinces and 4 ecological areas. The Caribbean/Antillean Province he deined from the Florida Keys and north on the Gulf side of Florida to about Tampa Bay, the northwest coast of Cuba, and the Mexican coast from Cabo Catoche on Yucatán north to the vicinity of Corpus Christi, Texas (possibly to Matagorda Bay). North of this tropical Caribbean area the fauna is more temperate, with zoogeographic ainities to Carolinian/Virginian Province fauna. According to Rehder, the deeper waters of the Gulf showed a relationship to the tropical element of the Caribbean or West Indian fauna. It also had some ainities with the deeper waters of the Atlantic and Paciic coasts of the United States. Further genetic studies may yet reveal many of the deepwater Gulf species to be endemic but closely related to other species of the Atlantic and Paciic coasts. The irst publication that listed the mollusks found along the entire Gulf coast and discussed their geographical ranges was Dall’s (1889) catalog, reprinted with additions in 1903. Maury (1920, 1922, 1971) published his catalog of the Gulf mollusks, followed by Johnson’s (1934) “List of the Marine Mollusca of the Atlantic Coast from Labrador to Texas.” Although not listed in Rehder (1954), one of the most comprehensive descriptive lists of Texas bivalves is Pulley’s (1952a) doctoral dissertation. There has been much data gathered on the distributions of Gulf bivalve species since Rehder’s 1954 work. The information in the current checklist of 528 Gulf bivalve species has been compiled from published references and unpublished reports on specimens in museums that were collected from various expeditions and cruises. As in the 1950s, we know most about Florida bivalves. Designated in November 1990 to protect the natural, historical, and social qualities of the Florida Keys environment, the National Ocean Service’s Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary has sponsored much research on Florida Keys species. The Tortugas Ecological Reserve, a no-take restricted area, was added in July 2001 to the westernmost waters of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. The Dry Tortugas National Park, designated in 1992, provides further protection of the area and additional funding for scientiic studies. One of the major pieces of research sponsored by these national organizations is the work published in Mikkelsen (1981) and Mikkelsen and Bieler (2000, 2004). Florida has conducted much research on bivalve mollusks, including publishing its checklist of Florida species (Camp, Lyons, and Perkins 1998). Other major works enumerating Florida bivalves include Perry and Schwengel (1955), McGinty and McGinty (1957), Turney and Perkins (1972), and Kirkendale et al. (2004). Little information on Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana marine bivalve mollusks is available (e.g., Parker 1956, Moore 1961, Shelton 1997, García 1999, and García and Lee 2005). Texas marine biota has been well analyzed by a series of reports in the Texas Conchologist by Odé from 1964 to 2001. Individual reports have further illed in knowledge gaps of bivalve distributions of Texas. These include Parker (1959, 1960), Parker and Curray (1956), Tunnell and Chaney (1970), Pequegnat (1972, 1983), Treece (1979), and Davenport (2001). The National Ocean Service’s Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary and the Department of the Interior’s Minerals Management Service have sponsored research on fauna found on the shelf-edge banks of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (e.g., Lipka 1974, Andrews 1977, Tunnell et al. 1978, Rezak, Bright, and McGrail 1985, Dokken, MacDonald, and Tunnell Jr. 1998, Hyde 2000, Barrera 2001). More information is now available than in 1954 on bivalve populations of Mexico (Moore 1958, García-Cubas 1963, Rice and Kornicker 1965, Chávez, Hidalgo, and Sevilla 1970, Tunnell 1974, Wiley, Circé, and Tunnell Jr. 1982, Boudreaux 1987, Tunnell and Nelson 1989, Gonzáles et al. 1991, Reguero and García-Cubas 1994, Ardisson and Durán-Nájera 1997, and Baqueiro, Medina M., and Aldana Aranda 2004). Population ecology of Cuban bivalve populations has been little studied. The current checklist was based on data from Aguayo and Jaume reports (1948, 1950), Abbott (1974), and other reports that mentioned any species that Turgeon et al. ~ 713 existed in Cuba. Espinosa and Ortea contributed a list of molluscs of the Gulf coast of Cuba (Espinosa and Ortea, pers. comm., 2005). Deep-sea abyss and seep fauna, relatively unknown in the 1950s, has since been enumerated by James (1972), MacDonald et al. (1990), Kohl and Vokes (1994), Nix et al. (1995), Gustafson et al. (1998), and Cordes (2004). There are a number of comprehensive reports that have been published as well as government sampling programs being conducted along the shores of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Pulley’s (1952a) Ph.D. dissertation covered the entire Gulf of Mexico and provided new information on the zoogeography of its bivalve mollusks. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA 2006) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA 2005) have monitored toxic contaminants and their efects on biota in estuaries and shallow waters of the Gulf and elsewhere since 1990 (the bivalve data can be found at http: // nbi.noaa.gov / and http: // www.epa.gov / emap / ). Finally, Mikkelsen (2006) and Rosenberg (2005) maintain websites that ofer information on the distribution and synonymies of bivalve mollusks from the Gulf of Mexico and Western Atlantic Ocean. In the present list, depth data in italics indicate the known bathymetric range from records throughout the range of the species; numbers in roman are based on collections from the Gulf of Mexico only. An asterisk (*) ater the depth range indicates the species is known only from empty shells. The classiication and nomenclature adopted here generally follows that in Turgeon et al. (1998). Orders and families are arranged phylogenetically; genera and species are listed alphabetically within families. Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used under the heading “Habitat-Biology:” ben = benthic; bsl = beach and shore- Bivalvia. After Leal 2002. line; bur = burrower or borer; bys = byssate; cmm = commensal; com = commercially important in GMx; crr = coral reef; dps = deep sea; end = endemic solely to GMx; epi = epibiotic; est = estuarine; fre = freshwater; hcs = hydrocarbon seep; hsb = hard substrate; htv = hydrothermal vent; iif = inlet inluenced; inf = infaunal; itd = intertidal to semiterrestrial; msp = mangrove swamp; mud = mud; nid = nonindigenous to GMx; orf = oyster reef; ses = sessile; st = sot substrates (mud, sands, clays); sgr = seagrass; smr = salt marsh; sym = symbiotic; wbr = wood borer. Abbreviations used under the heading “Overall geographic range” and “GMx range”: AF = Africa; AG = Argentina; AK = Alaska; AL = Alabama; AN = Antilles; AO = Arctic Ocean; AT = Atlantic Ocean; AZ = Azores; BC = British Columbia; BD = Barbados; BE = Bermuda; BH = Bahamas; BR = Brazil; BZ = Belize; CA = Central America; CB = Campeche Bank, MX; CC = Cape Canaveral, FL; CH = Cape Hatteras, NC; CK = Chesapeake Bay; CL = California; CN = Canada; CO = Colombia; CR = Caribbean; CS = Costa Rica; CT = Connecticut; CU = Cuba; DE = Delaware; DO = Dominican Republic; DT = Dry Tortugas; E = East; EP = Eastern Paciic; EU = Europe; FK = Florida Keys; FL = Florida; FS = Florida Straits; GA = Georgia; GE = Greater Antilles; GL = Greenland; GMx = Gulf of Mexico; GP = Galápagos Islands; GS = Gulf of St. Laurence, CN; GT = Guatemala; GY = Guyana; HN = Honduras; IO = Indian Ocean; IP = Indo-Paciic; JM = Jamaica; JP = Japan; LB = Labrador, CN; LE = Lesser Antilles; MA = Massachusetts; MD = Maryland; ME = Mediterranean; MS = Mississippi; MX = Mexico; NC = North Carolina; ne = northeast; NI = Nicaragua; NJ = New Jersey; NL = Newfoundland, CN; N = North; NS = Nova Scotia, CN; nw = northwest; NY = New York; OF = ofshore banks; OR = Oregon; PA = Panama; PO = Paciic Ocean; PR = Puerto Rico; PU = Peru; QR = Quintana Roo, MX; RI = Rhode Island; SA = South America; SC = South Carolina; se = southeast; SR = Surinam; S = South; sw = southwest; TA = Tampa Bay; TP = Tampico, MX; T = Tropical; TT = Trinidad and Tobago; TX = Texas; UR = Uruguay; VA = Virginia; VE = Venezuela; VI = U.S. Virgin Islands; VR = Veracruz, MX; WA = West Atlantic; WD = worldwide; WF = West Florida; WI = West Indies; YS = Yucatan Strait; YU = Yucatán, MX. Abbreviations used under endnotes: AMNH = American Museum of Natural History, New York; ANSP = Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; BMNH = Natural History Museum, London; Coll. = collection; FLMNH = Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida; FMNH = Field Museum of Natural His- 714 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) tory, Chicago; HMNS.MAL = Houston Museum of Natural Science, Malacology collection, Houston; MCZ = Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MNHN = Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Sta. = station; TAMU = Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection, Texas A&M University, College Station; USFC = U.S. Fish Commission; USNM = National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), Washington D.C. 8. 9. Acknowledgments J. Ortea and J. Espinosa contributed a customized checklist of the marine mollusks of the Gulf coast of Cuba. M. Reguero provided publications on Mexican estuarine mollusks, and E. R. 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Subclass / Order Total species Number endemic species Number nonindigenous species Protobranchia Solemyoida Nuculoida Mytiloida Pteriomorpha Arcoida Pterioida Limoida Ostreoida Heterodonta Veneroida Myoida Anomalodesmata Pholadomyoida 71 5 38 28 116 34 14 16 52 292 250 42 49 49 7 0 2 5 3 1 0 2 0 16 14 2 1 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 Total 528 27 6 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. Taxon Class: Bivalvia Order: Solemyoida Family: Solemyidae Solemya borealis Totten, 1834 Solemya caribbaea H. E. Vokes, 1970 Solemya occidentalis Deshayes, 1857 Solemya velum Say, 1822 Family: Manzanellidae Nucinella adamsi (Dall, 1898) Order: Nuculoida Family: Nuculidae Brevinucula verrillii (Dall, 1886) HabitatBiology ben, inf, st, sym ben, inf ben, inf Depth (m) 450 85 7–10 ben, inf 0–105 ben, inf 82–375 ben, dps, inf 538–3475 Deminucula fernandinae (Dall, 1927) Ennucula aegeensis (Forbes, 1844) ben, dps, inf ben, inf 537–2528 0–845 Ennucula tenuis (Montagu, 1808) ben, inf, mud 6–812 Nucula calcicola Moore, 1977 ben, inf 1–11 Nucula callicredemna Dall, 1890 Nucula crenulata A. Adams, 1856 ben, dps, inf ben, dps, inf Nucula proxima Say, 1822 ben, inf 1609–3731 55–1280 0–124 Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes NS to DT se 73 CO, GMx S FL to LA & nw GMx OF, WI NS to WF ne se, ne, nw se, ne 1, 116 1 18, 63, 77, 113, 132 18, 77, 86, 113 WF ne 113 2 MA to YU, GMx OF, BE, SR, BR of GA to ne GMx NC to FL & TX, WI, BR LB to FL, GL, EU; AK to CL FK to QR, BZ, VI, BA, BH GMx, of TT, BR SC to CB, GMx, LE, BR NS to FL & TX, BE se, ne, sw 1, 53, 56, 95, 96 3 ne se, ne, nw 1, 53, 96, 116 6, 36, 41, 77, 113 4 se 1, 32, 77, 113 se 18, 74, 77, 81 5 entire entire 53, 91, 96 6 46, 53, 77, 94, 100 7 se, ne, nw 18, 63, 73, 96, 100 8 Turgeon et al. ~ 721 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology GMx range References / Endnotes GMx, S CU, WI to N BR entire 53, 96, 110, 113 9 MA to FL, ne GMx OF ne 1, 53, 96, 113 NC to FK, GMx, YU, CU, BR of FK MA to CB, WI, BR, CU of E FL to nw GMx OF WF to TX, nw GMx OF, BR of MS, se CU, WI of NC to FK, GMx, WI MA to WI, CB, CU, BE GMx, YU se, ne, nw nw se, ne, nw 1, 88, 96, 113, 122 10 32, 77, 113 6, 53, 80, 103, 124 11 53, 69, 88, 96, 124 12 18, 41, 96, 124, 132 13 53, 69, 88, 96 14 1, 30, 77, 94 se 1, 111 10 se, ne, nw 53, 91, 92, 111, 122 15 1, 32, 73, 113 ben, dps, inf Family: Nuculanidae Ledella solidula (E. A. Smith, 1885) ben, dps, inf 100–1170 Ledella sublevis Verrill & Bush, 1898 Nuculana acuta (Conrad, 1832) ben, dps, inf ben, est, inf 2173–3718 0–274 Nuculana bipennis (Dall, 1927) ben, inf Nuculana concentrica (Say, 1824) ben, est, inf Nuculana hebes (E. A. Smith, 1885) Nuculana jamaicensis (d’Orbigny, 1853) ben, inf ben, inf 329–1472 99–1170 Nuculana messanensis (Seguenza, 1877) ben, inf 500–4792 Nuculana platessa (Dall, 1890) ben, inf 106–770 Nuculana pusio (Philippi, 1844) ben, inf 1565–2910 Nuculana semen (E. A. Smith, 1885) Nuculana solida (Dall, 1881) Nuculana verrilliana (Dall, 1886) Nuculana vitrea (d’Orbigny, 1853) Propeleda carpenteri (Dall, 1881) ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf, mud ben, inf ben, inf 1097–1189* 475–750 22–37 18–124 18–525 ben, end, inf ben, dps, inf ben, inf, end 800–1200 50–1463 91–379 ne GMx GMx, WA MS to TX ben, dps, inf 800–2527 ne GMx; AZ ben, dps, inf ben, dps, inf 2811–3265 752–1829* Yoldiella mirmidina (Dautzenberg & Fisher, 1897) Family: Tindariidae Tindaria aeolata (Dall, 1890) Tindaria agathida (Dall, 1890) 375–2076 Overall geographic range Nuculoidea pernambucensis (E. A. Smith, 1885) Family: Pristiglomiidae Pristigloma nitens (Jefreys, 1876) Family: Yoldiidae Portlandia pachia (Verrill & Bush, 1898) Yoldia liorhina Dall, 1881 Yoldia solenoides Dall, 1881 ben, dps, inf Depth (m) 3214 194–732 * 0–90 of FK to ne GMx, WI ne GMx, BR FK, FS to WF FK to N GMx OF, WI NC to FS, LA, WI FK to CB, WI GMx, of TT GMx, YS, S CU, TT, LE GMx, CU, WI of E FL, GMx, CU of FL, CU se entire ne, nw entire ne ne se, ne se, ne, nw se se, ne, sw 53, 96 16 31, 77, 96, 113 1, 31, 54, 74, 77 1, 31, 41, 73, 77 32, 53, 77, 96, 100 17 ne se ne, nw, sw ne 53, 96, 116 18 1, 32, 77 53, 88, 94, 96, 100 19 53, 96 20 se, ne, nw ne, nw 53, 95, 113 21 53, 96, 113 22 entire ne, nw ne 1, 53, 54, 96, 116 23 1, 113 31, 113 Tindaria amabilis (Dall, 1889) Tindaria cytherea (Dall, 1881) Tindaria smithii (Dall, 1886) Family: Neilonellidae Neilonella corpulenta (Dall, 1881) Neilonella guineensis (Thiele, 1931) Neilonella quadrangularis (Dall, 1881) ben, dps, inf ben, dps, inf ben, dps, inf 969–1829 537–1324 618–823 ben, dps, inf ben, dps, inf ben, dps, inf 54–823 3080–3713 800–2867 FS to WI GMx, T AF NC, FS, GMx, YU, WI se entire se, ne 73, 86, 113 53, 96 30, 53, 73, 96, 113 24 Family: Malletiidae Malletia bermudensis Haas, 1949 ben, dps, inf 2321–2867 GMx, of BE nw, sw 53, 88, 91, 96 (continued ) 722 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon Order: Mytiloida Family: Mytilidae Amygdalum dendriticum Muhlfeld, 1811 Amygdalum papyrium (Conrad, 1846) Amygdalum politum (Verrill & Smith, 1880) Amygdalum sagittatum (Rehder, 1935) Bathymodiolus brooksii Turner, Gustafson, Lutz, & Vrijenhoek, 1998 Bathymodiolus childressi Gustafson, Turner, Lutz, & Vrijenhoek, 1998 Bathymodiolus heckerae Gustafson, Turner, Lutz, & Vrijenhoek, 1998 Botula fusca (Gmelin, 1791) Brachidontes domingensis (Lamarck, 1819) Brachidontes exustus (Linnaeus, 1758) Brachidontes modiolus (Linnaeus, 1767) Crenella decussata (Montagu, 1808) HabitatBiology ben, bys, epi ben, bys, epi, est ben, bys, dps, epi ben, bys, epi, mud end, epi, hcs, sym ben, end, epi, hcs bys, epi, hcs, sym, end ben, bur, bys, crr ben, bys, epi ben, bys, epi, hsb ben, bys, epi, hsb ben, bys, inf Depth (m) Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes 26–75 0–38 WF, CU, PR MD to TX, CU, PR se se, ne, nw 73, 100, 113 18, 80, 86, 89, 96 203–1829 N AT to FK, DT, WI se 1, 69, 73, 77, 96 25 1.8–430 FK to TX, WA se, ne, nw 1893–3300 N GMx OF ne, nw 32, 77, 86, 113, 121 29, 45 26 528–3000 N GMx OF ne, nw 29, 45 27 2000–3300 N GMx OF ne 29, 45 28 NC to GMx, CU, WI, BR, BE se FL, CR, BH, CU, BE NC to GMx, CU, WI to UR S FL to YU, CU, CR, BH GL to QR, CU, WI; CL to PA FL & AL, WI entire se, ne, nw 18, 46, 94, 109, 117 10 1, 18, 36, 94 10 entire 86, 88, 103, 136 29 entire 8, 18, 43, 46, 113 10 se, ne, nw se, ne 0–2 E FL to W GMx entire 18, 77, 94, 126, 127 10 18, 77, 86, 114, 116 30 6, 18, 77, 100, 115 0–101 NC to QR, GMx, WI, BR, BE, EP of LA entire 18, 46, 63, 77, 94 ne 29, 45 31 0–0.6 MA to CB, CU, WI entire 0–46 FL to TX, GMx OF, WI, CU, BR FK to QR, WI, CU, BR, BH NC to QR, CU, WI, VE; EP NC to GMx, CU, WI, BR, BE E FL, GMx, CU, WI to BR, BE NC to QR, CU, BR, BE; EP NC to GMx, CU, WI NC to QR, CU, WI, BR SA; now TX to VR se, ne, nw se, ne, sw 18, 42, 77, 80, 100 32 6, 18, 77, 100, 124 10 18, 77, 86, 88, 100 entire 18, 63, 77, 79, 136 entire entire 6, 77, 80, 103, 124 10 18, 50, 77, 88, 123 10 6, 18, 46, 77, 86 33 se, ne entire 18, 43, 74, 77, 86 10 6, 77, 100, 109 34 nw, sw 36, 47, 73, 113 2–93 2–3 0–46 0–101 0–250 Dacrydium elegantulum hendersoni Salas & Gofas, 1997 Geukensia granosissima (G. B. Sowerby III, 1914) Gregariella coralliophaga (Gmelin, 1791) ben, inf Idas macdonaldi Gustafson, Turner, Lutz, & Vrijenhoek, 1998 Ischadium recurvum (Rainesque, 1820) Lithophaga antillarum (d’Orbigny, 1853) ben, bys, end, hcs bys, epi, hsb, orf ben, bys, est, hsb ben, bur, crr Lithophaga aristata (Dillwyn, 1817) ben, bur, crr 0–165 Lithophaga bisulcata (d’Orbigny, 1853) ben, bur, crr 0–417 Lithophaga nigra (d’Orbigny, 1853) ben, bur, crr 0–101 Modiolus americanus (Leach, 1815) bys, com, epi, hsb ben, bys, epi ben, bys, epi, est bys, epi, hsb, nid 1–11 Lioberus castaneus (Say, 1822) Modiolus squamosus Beauperthuy, 1967 Musculus lateralis (Say, 1822) Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, bys, com, epi ben, bur, crr 182 650 1–23 0–12.2 0.3–109 0–3 entire Turgeon et al. ~ 723 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) Tamu isheri Gustafson, Turner, Lutz, & Vrijenhoek, 1998 Order: Arcoida Family: Arcidae Acar domingensis (Lamarck, 1819) HabitatBiology bys, epi, hsb, nid ben, end, epi, hcs Depth (m) 0–15 528–650 ben, bys, epi 0–155 Anadara baughmani Hertlein, 1951 ben, bys, epi Anadara loridana (Conrad, 1869) Bathyarca glomerula (Dall, 1881) Bathyarca inaequalis (Dall, 1927) Bathyarca orbiculata (Dall, 1881) ben, bys, epi, st ben, com, epi, st ben, bur, iif, mud bys, com, epi, hsb bys, com, epi, hsb ben, bys, epi, hsb ben, inf ben, inf ben, bys, epi 110–509 538 67–1399 Bentharca asperula (Dall, 1881) ben, bys, epi 329–3475 Bentharca sagrinata (Dall, 1886) Cucullaearca candida (Helbling, 1779) ben, bys, epi ben, bys, epi, hsb ben, bys, epi 84–805 0–101 ben, epi, est, st ben, com, epi ben, bys, epi 0–68 Anadara notabilis (Röding, 1798) Anadara transversa (Say, 1822) Arca imbricata Bruguière, 1789 Arca zebra (Swainson, 1833) Barbatia cancellaria (Lamarck, 1819) Fugleria tenera (C. B. Adams, 1845) Lunarca ovalis (Bruguière, 1789) Scapharca brasiliana (Lamarck, 1819) Scapharca chemnitzii (Philippi, 1851) Family: Noetiidae Arcopsis adamsi (Dall, 1886) Noetia ponderosa (Say, 1822) Family: Limopsidae Limopsis cristata Jefreys, 1876 Limopsis galatheae Knudsen, 1970 Limopsis minuta (Philippi, 1836) Limopsis paucidentata Dall, 1886 Limopsis pelagica E. A. Smith, 1885 Limopsis sulcata Verrill & Bush, 1898 Limopsis tenella Jefreys, 1876 ben, bur, bys, hsb ben, est, inf, st Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes IP; now W FL to GA, VE, TT N GMx OF ne 12, 39, 46, 51 ne 29, 45 35 entire 15, 63, 77, 109, 124 36 77, 83, 88, 96, 100 37 6, 8, 46, 77, 88 38 0–183 NC to QR, GMx OF, WI, BR, BE of DT to TX, BR entire 0–110 NC to YU, GE entire NC to QR, GMx, WI, CU, BR, BE MS to YU entire 0.3–75 0–73 0–64 0–140 0–85 0–46 NC to QR, GMx, WI, BR, CU, BE NC to QR, GMx, WI, BR, CU, BE S FL to QR, GMx OF, WI, CU, BR NC to sw FL, WI DT, E FL of DE & SC to CB; W AF, EP VA to FL & nw GMx, CU, CR of GA, E FL, FS, CU NC to YU, GMx OF, WI, BR, BE S FL to YU, GMx OF, CR MS to YU, WI, BR entire 8, 73, 100, 113, 120 10 6, 42, 100, 124, 136 39 6, 21, 77, 79, 94 40 entire 6, 9, 18, 63, 88 41 entire 6, 38, 77, 88, 100 10 se, nw se, ne se, nw 1, 73, 77, 86, 113 1, 77, 109 1, 50, 96, 122, 126 42 1, 73, 96, 122 10 entire se, nw se, ne, nw entire entire 1, 31, 63, 77, 88 43 21, 46, 77, 94, 100 44 6, 21, 77, 88, 123 entire 6, 42, 88, 92, 94 45 0–75 0–75 NC to YU, WI, BR WF, GMx, CU, CR, CA to BR entire se, nw, sw 6, 18, 49, 77, 92 6, 77, 100, 103 10 0–128 NC, QR, GMx, WI, CA to BR, BE VA to YU, GMx OF entire entire 18, 21, 77, 88, 109 10 8, 21, 77, 100, 124 se, nw nw se, ne, nw se, ne nw 77, 86, 88, 120 56, 96 77, 88, 111, 132 1, 67, 77, 96, 116 77, 96, 113 se, ne, nw nw 50, 86, 88, 96, 116 1 0–68 ben, dps, inf ben, dps, end ben, inf ben, dps, inf ben, dps 55–1965 1250 3–334 55–1524 213–1463 ben, dps, inf ben, dps 15.6–1401 360–3718 MA to DT & of TX nw GMx NL to CB E FL to MS, BE, JM of MA to nw GMx; IO MA to CB, WI of NJ to GMx (continued ) 724 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology Family: Glycymerididae Glycymeris americana (DeFrance, 1826) Glycymeris decussata (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, inf ben, inf 0–37 1.8–240 Glycymeris spectralis (Nicol, 1952) Glycymeris undata (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, inf ben, inf 0–46 0–51 Tucetona pectinata (Gmelin, 1791) ben, inf, st, sgr ben, inf 24–110 ben, dps, inf 146–1249 bys, com, epi, hsb ben, bys, epi ben, bys, epi, nid ben, bys, com, epi ben, bys, com, epi 0–23 Tucetona subtilis Nicol, 1956 Family: Philobryidae Cratis antillensis (Dall, 1881) Order: Pterioida Family: Pteriidae Pinctada imbricata Röding, 1798 Pinctada longisquamosa (Dunker, 1852) Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) Pteria colymbus (Röding, 1798) Pteria vitrea (Reeve, 1857) Family: Isognomonidae Isognomon alatus (Gmelin, 1791) Depth (m) 91–183 1–26 0–20 0–150 51–351 Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes NC to YU, BR FL to YU, GMx OF, CU, WI, BR NC to FK & TX NC to FL, se GMx, CU, WI, BR NC to QR, GMx OF, CU, BR, WI GMx OF, of BE entire entire se, ne, nw se, ne, nw 8, 18, 77, 86, 100 63, 77, 86, 88, 100 10 18, 36, 77, 88, 116 1, 18, 43, 46 46 entire 18, 77, 100, 103 47 nw 1, 67, 88, 89, 91 FL to TX, CU, LE se, ne, nw 1, 77, 122, 126 48 SC to QR, se GMx, WI, BR, BE E FL, DT, CU, WI, BE sw IO & IP; now FL entire 6, 18, 21, 77, 100 se, ne ne 18, 73, 77, 78, 113 18, 20, 22, 77, 87 NC to YU, GMx, CU, WI, BR, BE MA to DT, FL, BE entire 6, 18, 77, 100 49 se, ne 1, 32, 67, 73, 77 FL to CB, N SA to BR, WI, BE FK & DT to YU, CU, WI, BE GMx, QR, WI, CU, BR, BE, CO entire 21, 36, 77, 136 10 entire 6, 77, 89, 103 50 entire 18, 79, 88, 124 51 bys, epi, hsb, msp bys, epi, hsb, iif ben, bys, epi, hsb 0–2 Family: Malleidae Malleus candeanus (d’Orbigny, 1853) ben 1–550 S FL, GMx OF, WI, CU, BE, EP entire 18, 63, 77, 123 10 Family: Pinnidae Atrina rigida (Lightfoot, 1786) ben, com, inf 0–27 entire 1, 8, 77, 100, 124 52 ben, com, inf, sgr ben, inf ben, bys, inf, sgr ben, crr, inf 0–256 NC to TX, GMx OF, CU, WI, BR NC to sw GMx, WI to AG NC to YU, WI se FL, QR, GMx, CU, CR, BR, BE GMx OF, PR to TT; ME to T AF entire 77, 92, 103, 122 53 entire entire 6, 18, 77, 88, 100 18, 21, 46, 100 10 se, nw, sw 1, 46, 113, 123 528–1097 of MS ne 1, 29, 57, 116 54 501 DT & FK se 76, 77 of NC to YU, GMx OF, CU FL to HN, CO, BH, BD entire 9, 18, 76, 77, 94 55 se 76, 77 56 Isognomon bicolor (C. B. Adams, 1845) Isognomon radiatus (Anton, 1838) Atrina seminuda (Lamarck, 1819) Atrina serrata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825) Pinna carnea Gmelin, 1791 Pinna rudis Linnaeus, 1758 Order: Limoida Family: Limidae Acesta bullisi (H. E. Vokes, 1963) end, epi, hcs, htv ben, end, inf Ctenoides miamiensis Mikkelsen & Bieler, 2003 Ctenoides mitis (Lamarck, 1807) ben, inf Ctenoides planulatus (Dall, 1886) ben, inf 0–6 0–101 0–42 0.3–51 0–26 16–101 221 Turgeon et al. ~ 725 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology Depth (m) Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes SC to BR, GMx, LE, NI SC to YU, GMx OF, CU, BR of FK to TX, GMx OF, BD S FL, TX, QR, CU, WI to BR, BE GMx, WI NC to QR, GMx, CU, WI, BR, BE NC to WI; AZ FL to GMx OF, BH, BD, PA WF, BE NC to GMx, WI GL to DT, TX, PR; AK to MX NC to DT & ne GMx, CU, WI se 76, 77 57 entire 18, 43, 46, 76, 94 10 se, ne, nw 1, 88, 113, 126 se, ne, nw 6, 18, 46, 76, 77 58 ne, nw entire 6, 18, 41, 77, 88 59 6, 67, 77, 94, 124 10 ne ne, nw 1, 62, 67, 77, 119 18, 41, 83, 88 ne se, ne, nw se, ne, nw 1, 113 1, 41, 50, 86, 88 60 18, 73, 77, 88, 96 se, ne 1, 41, 77, 86, 88 61 GMx & of CU se, ne 1, 73, 77, 116 CU, WI se 113 se, ne, nw se ne se, ne, nw 77, 88, 96, 120 62 62, 77 37, 99, 113 63 18, 77, 100, 133 64 entire 49, 77, 100, 103 65 0–26 MA to nw GMx OF S FL, BH WF NC to CB, GMx OF, CU of MD to FL, YU, BR, BE TX to MX, CO se, nw, sw 67, 100, 106 Ctenoides sanctipauli Stuardo, 1982 ben, crr, inf Ctenoides scaber (Born, 1778) ben, hsb 0–141 Divarilima albicoma (Dall, 1886) ben, inf 33–221 Lima caribaea d’Orbigny, 1853 ben, epi, hsb 0.5–141 Limaria locklini (McGinty, 1955) Limaria pellucida (C. B. Adams, 1846) ben, epi ben, epi 0–166 0–183 Limatula confusa (E. A. Smith, 1885) Limatula hendersoni Olsson & McGinty, 1958 Limatula hyalina Verrill & Bush, 1898 Limatula setifera Dall, 1886 Limatula subauriculata (Montagu, 1808) ben, epi ben, epi 57–2652 0–340 ben, epi ben, epi ben, epi 46–49 59–823 <37–2321 Limea bronniana Dall, 1886 ben, epi 1–1470 Order: Ostreoida Family: Entoliidae Pectinella sigsbeei (Dall, 1886) Family: Pectinidae Aequipecten exasperatus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1847) Aequipecten glyptus (A. E. Verrill, 1882) Aequipecten heliacus (Dall, 1925) Aequipecten lindae (Petuch, 1995) Aequipecten muscosus (W. Wood, 1828) ben, epi 183–366 289 ben, epi ben, epi ben, epi ben, epi ben, epi, st, sgr ben, epi, st, sgr ben, epi, est, mud ben, epi, st 126–860 0–80 NJ to LA & YU se, ne, sw 8, 73, 100, 116 ben, epi, st 0–20 NS to FL & TX, CU se, ne 18, 66, 80, 98 10 0–91 0–26 8–37 S FL & AL to CR S FL & WI S FL, CB to QR, BE se, ne se se, ne 1, 18, 71, 74, 77 66 18, 73, 77, 86 67 18, 46, 77, 100 10 Caribachlamys imbricata (Gmelin, 1791) ben, epi ben, epi, sgr ben, epi, hsb, sgr ben, epi 0–20 se, ne, sw 18, 46, 77, 100 10 Caribachlamys mildredae (Bayer, 1941) Caribachlamys ornata (Lamarck, 1819) ben, epi ben, epi, hsb 0–20 0–180 se se, ne, sw 18, 77, 113 18, 77, 100, 136 10 Caribachlamys sentis (Reeve, 1853) ben, epi, hsb 0–85 se, ne 1, 8, 18, 77, 100 68 Cryptopecten phrygium (Dall, 1886) ben, epi S FL, YU, CU, CA, VE, CR, BE S FL, BE S FL to QR, CU, CA to BR, CR NC to QR, PA, CO, BR MA to FK, ne GMx, WI se, ne 41, 77, 100, 116 69 Argopecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) Argopecten irradians amplicostatus (Dall, 1898) Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say, 1822) Argopecten irradians irradians (Lamarck, 1819) Argopecten lineolaris (Lamarck, 1819) Argopecten nucleus (Born, 1778) Bractechlamys antillarum (Récluz, 1853) 200 5–227 0–366 91–218 (continued ) 726 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology Depth (m) Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes 12–137 7.3–40 33–251 S FL to CB, CR, BR S FL, HN to GE, CU GMx OF, WI to BR se, ne se entire NC to QR, GMx OF, WI NC to YU to se BR, BE, BH se FL, TX, GMx OF, CU, BH, PR FK & WF entire 41, 77, 113, 116 74, 77, 113 70 41, 77, 94, 100, 133 71 18, 77, 100, 124 72 se, ne, sw 18, 61, 77, 100 73 se, ne, nw 18, 63, 100, 121 10 se, ne 1, 77 NC to QR, GMx OF, CU, BR, BE S FL to CB, GMx OF, CU, BR, BE entire 18, 77, 100, 109 10 se, ne, nw 18, 77, 94, 96 74 se, ne, nw 1, 18, 41, 77, 94 75 ne 1, 41, 113 se, ne, nw 1, 32, 77, 88, 96 se, ne, nw 1, 77, 86, 88, 96 10 Euvola chazaliei (Dautzenberg, 1900) Euvola laurentii (Gmelin, 1791) Euvola cf. papyracea (Gabb, 1873) ben, epi ben, epi, st ben, epi Euvola raveneli (Dall, 1898) ben, epi 0–101 Euvola ziczac (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, com, epi, st ben, epi 2–61 1.5–103 ben, epi 37 ben, epi 29–185 ben, epi 37–83 ben, epi 40–538 Cyclopecten reticulum (Dall, 1886) ben, epi 150–227 Cyclopecten strigillatus (Dall, 1889) ben, epi 538–2160 Parvamussium cancellatum (E. A. Smith, 1885) Parvamussium thalassinus (Dall, 1886) Propeamussium dalli (E. A. Smith, 1885) ben, epi 54–878 ben, epi ben, epi 46–73 106–1435 ben, epi 24–1470 Laevichlamys multisquamata (Dunker, 1864) Lyropecten kallinubilosus (F. M. Bayer, 1943) Nodipecten nodosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Spathochlamys benedicti (Verrill & Bush, 1897) Family: Propeamussidae Cyclopecten nanus Verrill & Bush, 1897 Propeamussium pourtalesianum (Dall, 1886) Propeamussium sayanum (Dall, 1886) Family: Plicatulidae Plicatula gibbosa Lamarck, 1801 Family: Spondylidae Spondylus americanus Hermann, 1781 Spondylus gussoni O. G. Costa, 1829 Spondylus ictericus Reeve, 1856 Family: Dimyidae Dimya argentea Dall, 1886 Dimya tigrina F. M. Bayer, 1971 Family: Anomiidae Anomia simplex d’Orbigny, 1853 Pododesmus rudis (Broderip, 1834) Family: Ostreidae Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828) ben, epi 274–731 DE to CB, CU, WI, BR of CH to ne GMx, WI of E FL to nw GMx, CU FL to nw GMx, CU, WI, BE of MA to WI, WF of S FL to nw GMx, CU, WI, BE S FL, WI, BR ne ne, nw 1, 31, 32, 77 1, 77, 96, 116, 120 ne 1, 32, 77, 113 76 DT & FS, WI se 1, 35, 77, 113 ben, epi, hsb, sgr 0–110 NC to QR, GMx OF, WI, BR, BE entire 18, 43, 46, 77 77 crr, epi, hsb, ses ben, epi, ses ben, epi, hsb, ses 10–168 NC to QR, GMx OF, BR, BE TX, YS, AN; ME S FL to YU, CU, CR to BR, BE entire 43, 63, 100, 109 78 nw entire 1, 50, 73, 88, 118 7, 41, 50, 136 79 of NC to WF, GMx OF, WI GMx OF, of CO ne 1, 116 80 nw 50, 88 81 MA to YU, GMx OF, CU, BR, BE SC to YU, GMx OF, CU, BR, BE entire 18, 38, 77, 86 82 entire 18, 77, 94, 124 10 S FL to sw GMx, CU, CR, BR entire 55, 77, 100, 103 168–686 0–51 ben, epi 183–430 ben, epi 24–139 bys, epi, hsb, orf ben, bys, epi com, epi, msp, ses 0–128 0–128 0–50 Turgeon et al. ~ 727 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) Cryptostrea permollis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871) Dendostrea frons (Linnaeus, 1758) Ostreola equestris (Say, 1834) Teskeyostrea weberi (Olsson, 1951) Family: Gryphaeidae Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758) Hyotissa mcgintyi (Harry, 1985) Neopycnodonte cochlear (Poli, 1795) Order: Veneroida Family: Lucinidae Anodontia alba Link, 1807 HabitatBiology com, epi, orf, ses ben, cmm, epi, ses ben, epi, ses ben, epi, hsb, ses ben, epi, ses Depth (m) Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes 0–79 GS to YU, CU, WI entire 18, 77, 100, 103 10 0–48 NC to VR, GMx OF, WI E FL, GMx, CU, PA, WI to BR VA to YU, CU, PR to AG FK & DT to QR, BD ne, nw, sw entire 18, 21, 67, 83, 100 18, 43, 77, 100 10 entire 18, 55, 77, 124 10 se 18, 55, 59, 77, 113 se FL; IP se 14, 73 NC to TX, GMx, CU, TWA, T EP FK se, ne, nw 55, 63, 77, 94 10 se 14, 73 NC to QR, CU, WI, BE NC to TP, GMx OF, CU, BE NC to QR, WI, BE NC to QR, GMx, DT, BR, BE GMx, CU, CA, WI, BR, BE NC, GMx, CU, HN, PA, WI, BR, BE FK, QR, CU, WI, BR CH, S FL, CB, CU, WI, BE, BR MA to QR, GMx, CU, HN, WI, BR NC to QR, CU, HN, WI FK & DT, CB, CU, WI, BR NC to DT & QR, BH of MD to N GMx NL to FK & TX GMx, CU, WI of LA, PR FK to YS, CU MA to FK, BR NC to QR, CU, WI, BR, BE MA to QR, GMx OF, WI, BR NC to QR, CU, WI, BR NC to DT & WF, BH entire 18, 77, 88, 100 83 entire 73, 83, 100, 130 10 se, ne, nw se 1, 16, 77, 100, 113 18, 77, 86, 113 84 entire 18, 46, 67, 77 85 entire 18, 63, 77, 100 10 se, ne se, ne 1, 18, 77, 86 10 18, 46, 77, 100 10 entire 18, 77, 100, 124 86 se, ne, sw 43, 46, 77, 100 87 se 1, 18, 77, 113 10 se, ne ne se, ne, nw se, ne ne entire se se 18, 77, 86, 100 88 1, 41 89 1, 77, 86, 96, 120 90 1, 113 91 88 92 1, 32, 88, 113 93 1, 32, 77, 88 18, 77, 100, 113 10 entire 18, 77, 100, 103 94 entire 6, 18, 77, 136 10 se 1, 18, 77, 86 95 0–104 0–100 3–4 ben, epi, nid, ses ben, epi 29–35 ben, epi 30–2100 0–115 ben, est, inf 0–22 Anodontia schrammi (Crosse, 1876) ben, inf 0–128 Callucina keenae Chavan, 1971 Cavilinga blanda (Dall, 1901) ben, inf, sgr ben, inf Codakia orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) Ctena orbiculata (Montagu, 1808) ben, com, inf, sgr ben, inf Ctena pectinella (C. B. Adams, 1852) Divalinga dentata (Wood, 1815) ben, inf ben, inf Divaricella quadrisulcata d’Orbigny, 1846 ben, inf, sgr 0–95 Lucina pensylvanica (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, inf, st 0–27.7 Lucinisca muricata (Spengler, 1798) ben, inf Lucinisca nassula (Conrad, 1846) Lucinoma atlantis R. A. McLean, 1936 Lucinoma ilosa (Stimpson, 1851) Myrtea compressa (Dall, 1881) Myrtea pristiphora Dall & Simpson, 1901 Myrtea sagrinata (Dall, 1886) Myrteopsis lens (Verrill & S. Smith, 1880) Parvilucina costata (d’Orbigny, 1846) ben, inf, sgr ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf, sgr Parvilucina crenella (Dall, 1901) ben, inf 0–91 Phacoides pectinata (Gmelin, 1791) ben, est, inf, sgr ben, inf 0–40 Pleurolucina leucocyma (Dall, 1886) 9–155 4.9–60 0–93 0–183 1–59 <37 1.2–202 0–366 216–555 22.9–329 132–775 311–456 102–548 91–850 0.1–90 0–51 (continued ) 728 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology Depth (m) Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes of FK to CB, GMx OF, WI NC to TX, GMx OF, WI, BR FK to TX se, ne, nw 1, 18, 77, 83, 100 se, ne, nw 6, 18, 77, 86, 86 96 se, ne, nw 1, 6, 18, 77, 100 se nw 1, 77 73, 88 nw ne, nw 113, 122 1, 77, 94, 116 se, ne se, ne, sw entire 1, 18, 41, 77 10 1, 18, 21, 46, 73 18, 24, 77, 100 10 se 1, 18, 77, 113 97 entire 18, 77, 100, 103 98 0–128 2–128 FK to LA, CU, PR NC to GMx, WI, BR NC to TX, GMx, CU, WI, BR, BE S FL to DT, CU, CR, BR NC to QR, CU, WI, BR; EP NC to QR, WI MA to NC, TX se, ne, nw nw 6, 18, 36, 67, 77 1, 50, 73, 88 ben, est, inf, smr 0–3 GA to WF entire 18, 77, 103, 132 ben, epi, hsb, ses ben, epi, hsb, ses ben, epi, hsb, ses end, epi, hsb, ses ben, epi, hsb, ses ben, epi, hsb, ses ben, epi, hsb, ses ben, epi, hsb, ses ben, crr, epi, ses 0–73 NC to CB, GMx OF, CU NC, GMx, CU, HN, WI, BR, BE se FL to TX, CU, CR, DO, BR S FL entire 18, 19, 77, 100 99 entire 18, 19, 77, 124 100 se, ne, nw 18, 19, 46, 77 101 se 18, 19, 77 102 0–200 NC to DT & LA, BD se 19, 41, 74, 77 103 0–101 NC to BR, GMx, PR, WI; PO NC to VR, GMx, CU, WI, BR, BE FL, MX, HN, CU, WI, BR S FL to CB, GMx OF, CR, BR, BE entire 19, 77, 100, 136 104 entire 18, 19, 77, 124 10 se, ne, sw 18, 19, 77, 107 105 se, ne, nw 11, 18, 19, 46, 77 106 nw ne, nw, sw ne 1, 50 1, 18, 88, 100, 132 Pleurolucina sombrerensis (Dall, 1886) ben, inf Radiolucina amianta (Dall, 1901) ben, est, inf 0–1170 ben, end, inf 0–46 ben, inf ben, inf, mud, sym ben, inf ben, inf, st 856–1582 650 ben, inf, mud ben, inf ben, inf 1–7 27–95 0–96 Felaniella candeana (d’Orbigny, 1853) ben, inf 15–31 Phlyctiderma semiaspera (Philippi, 1836) ben, inf, st, sgr ben, inf ben, inf Stewartia loridana (Conrad, 1833) Family: Thyasiridae Axinus grandis (Verrill & Smith, 1885) Conchocele bisecta (Conrad, 1849) Mendicula pygmaea (Verrill & Bush, 1898) Thyasira trisinuata (d’Orbigny, 1853) Family: Ungulinidae Diplodonta notata Dall & Simpson, 1901 Diplodonta nucleiformis (Wagner, 1840) Diplodonta punctata (Say, 1822) Phlyctiderma soror (C. B. Adams, 1852) Sphaerella verrilli (Dall, 1899) Family: Cyrenoididae Cyrenoida loridana Dall, 1896 Family: Chamidae Arcinella cornuta Conrad, 1866 Chama congregata Conrad, 1833 Chama lorida Lamarck, 1819 Chama inezae (Bayer, 1943) Chama lactuca Dall, 1886 Chama macerophylla Gmelin, 1791 Chama radians Lamarck, 1819 Chama sarda Reeve, 1847 Chama sinuosa Broderip, 1836 Family: Lasaeidae Aligena cf. elevata (Stimpson, 1851) Aligena texasiana Harry, 1969 Erycina loridana Vanatta, 1904 ben, cmm ben, cmm, end, est ben 37–110 10–134 14–680 0–104 0–101 0.6–101 <37 0–77 0–27 0–90 30–36.6 0–16 7–9 of VA to YU GMx, CO, WI; AK to OR, JP NS to MS, GMx NS to nw GMx, WI; AK to CL MA to NC FL to sw GMx WF 18, 113 107 Turgeon et al. ~ 729 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology Depth (m) Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes 57 of NC to TX, GMx OF, BE of NC to QR, GMx OF N AO to GMx; BC to PU E FL, DT, BE, BR; EU, EP SC to TX NS to sw GMx, WI E FL, DT to TX, PA nw 50, 88 nw 50, 88, 113 se, ne, nw 72, 73, 80, 88, 113 se 18, 73, 77, 88, 113 nw entire se, ne, nw E & W FL WF to TX, PA MA to TX ne ne, nw ne, nw 1, 6, 88, 113 6, 77, 80, 100, 103 18, 77, 86, 88, 113 108 1, 18, 113 1, 18, 82 18, 80, 88, 116, 122 se FL to TX, nw GMx OF se, ne, nw 1, 50, 88 NC to nw GMx OF, VI, BR NC to TX, CU, WI, BR, BE, VI NC to FL, TX se, ne, nw se, ne, nw 18, 77, 88, 100, 113 1, 18, 54, 73, 100 10 se, ne, nw 18, 88, 89, 100 entire se, ne, nw 6, 18, 42, 77, 100 18, 31, 41, 77, 86 10 nw, nw Erycina linella Dall, 1899 ben Erycina periscopiana Dall, 1899 ben 0–68 Kellia suborbicularis (Montagu, 1803) ben, inf 0–101 Lasaea adansoni (Gmelin, 1791) <37 Lepton lepidum (Say, 1826) Mysella planulata (Stimpson, 1851) Orobitella loridana (Dall, 1899) ben, epi, hsb, msp ben, epi ben, epi, est ben, cmm Orobitella limpida (Dall, 1899) Parabornia squillina Boss, 1965 Pythinella cuneata (Verrill & Bush, 1898) ben ben, cmm ben, cmm <37 <37 16–30 0–0.6 0–88 0–9 Family: Galeommatidae Aclistothyra atlantica McGinty, 1955 ben, hsb Family: Sportellidae Basterotia elliptica (Récluz, 1850) ben 0–6 ben, dps 0–1170 ben 0–40 Basterotia quadrata (Hinds, 1843) Ensitellops protextus (Conrad, 1841) Family: Carditidae Carditamera loridana Conrad, 1838 Glans dominguensis (d’Orbigny, 1853) 18–166 ben, inf ben, inf 0–190 0.3–110 Pleuromeris armilla (Dall, 1903) ben, inf 44–384 Pleuromeris tridentata (Say, 1826) ben, inf 2–64 S FL to QR NC to TX, GMx OF, CU, DO of nw FL to TX, GMx OF NC to QR, GMx OF Pteromeris perplana (Conrad, 1841) Family: Condylocardiidae Carditopsis smithii (Dall, 1896) ben, inf 0–95 NC to nw GMx OF se, ne, nw 1, 41, 94, 96, 100 109 18, 46, 77, 100, 126 1, 73, 77, 94, 113 ben, inf, msp 1–50 S FL to YU, GMx OF, CU, CR, BE nw FL to MS entire 9, 18, 38, 77, 123 10 ne 1, 18, 80, 116, 132 AO to of FK of E FL to FK, GMx, CU NC to DT & CB FK & N GMx to WI se se, ne, nw 1, 13, 73, 77, 113 1, 77, 96 entire se, ne, nw 18, 31, 77, 96, 100 1, 77 se entire 18, 74, 77, 86 42, 77, 80, 124 110 se, ne, nw 46, 77, 94, 100 111 entire 77, 100, 116, 121 112 Cuna dalli Vanatta, 1904 Family: Astartidae Astarte crenata (Gray, 1824) Astarte globula Dall, 1886 Astarte nana Dall, 1886 Astarte smithii Dall, 1886 Family: Crassatellidae Crassinella dupliniana (Dall, 1903) Crassinella lunulata (Conrad, 1834) Crassinella martinicensis (d’Orbigny, 1853) Eucrassatella speciosa (A. Adams, 1854) ben, inf <37 ben, inf ben, dps, inf 40–783 305–1250 ben, inf ben, inf 11–415 99–823 ben, inf ben, est, inf 4–17 0–110 ben, inf, itd, sgr ben, inf, st 3–71 18–79 E FL to FK & DT MA to DT & CB, CU, BR, BE NC to TX, GMx OF, CU, WI NC to QR, GMx OF, WI se, ne, nw (continued ) 730 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology Family: Cardiidae Acrosterigma magnum (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, inf 6–366 ben, inf, itd, sgr ben, inf 0–110 Americardia guppyi (Thiele, 1910) Americardia media (Linnaeus, 1758) Dinocardium robustum (Lightfoot, 1786) Depth (m) 29–185 Laevicardium iski Richards, 1954 ben, com, inf, st ben, end, inf 22–110 Laevicardium laevigatum (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, inf, st 0–75 Laevicardium mortoni (Conrad, 1831) 0–84 Laevicardium pictum (Ravenel, 1861) ben, est, inf, st ben, inf Laevicardium sybariticum (Dall, 1886) ben, inf 18–348 Microcardium peramabile (Dall, 1881) ben, inf 33–366 Microcardium tinctum (Dall, 1881) ben, inf 13–412 Microcardium transversum Rehder & Abbott, 1951 Papyridea lata (Born, 1778) ben, inf 53–108 Papyridea semisulcata (J. E. Gray, 1825) ben, inf 0–100 Papyridea soleniformis (Bruguière, 1789) ben, inf 0–170 Trachycardium egmontianum (Shuttleworth, 1856) Trachycardium isocardia (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, inf, itd 0–15 ben, inf, st 0–37 com, iif, inf, st ben, inf 0–84 ben, end, inf 0–30 0–155 180–240 Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes FK to QR, GMx OF, WI, BR, BE FK & DT to QR, BH to N BR NC, QR, GMx, CU, HN, BR, BE VA to CB, GMx OF entire 18, 77, 86, 100 113 entire 1, 18, 46, 77, 86 10 entire 18, 77, 100, 109 10 entire of FL to TX, N GMx OF NC, GMx, CU, HN, WI, BR, BE MA to QR, CU, GT, CO, BE NC to CB, GMx OF, BR, BE NC to YU, S WI, BE nw 18, 77, 83, 103, 107 50, 88, 113, 124 114 entire 18, 77, 80, 83 115 entire 18, 77, 80, 116 116 se, ne, nw 18, 77, 83, 109 117 se, ne, sw RI to CB, GMx OF, WI, BR S FL to QR, of AL, BR of FK to TX, GMx OF, TT FK & DT to AL se, ne, nw 18, 77, 88, 100, 116 77, 96, 100, 121 118 S FL to QR, CU, WI, BE, BR NC to YU, GMx, CU, WI, BR, BE NC to DT & AL, WI entire 41, 77, 100, 109, 116 1, 83, 94, 108, 109 119 39, 77, 91, 116, 135 18, 77, 88, 123 10 entire 18, 77, 94, 109 10 se, ne, nw 18, 77, 86, 100 120 se, nw, sw 43, 100, 103, 136 10 se, ne ne, nw se, ne entire 18, 42, 77, 124 10 6–333 TX to CB, CU, TT, BE NC to QR, CU, WI, BR of AL, CU to VI, BR se, ne 73, 77, 113, 116 10 ben, inf 0–134 NC to TX & VR, BR entire Mactrotoma fragilis (Gmelin, 1791) Mulinia lateralis (Say, 1822) ben, est, inf ben, est, inf 0–4 0–134 NC to YU, CU, WI NS to QR, GMx OF entire entire Raeta plicatella (Lamarck, 1818) Rangia cuneata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1831) ben, inf ben, com, inf, smr ben, end, est, inf ben, inf 0–285 0–124 VA to CB, CR to AG CK to YU entire entire 18, 67, 91, 100, 113 77, 80, 86, 100 121 18, 80, 83, 100, 124 18, 77, 80, 132 122 8, 18, 67, 80, 83 123 0–84 FL to VR 0–90 NC to TX ne, nw, sw ne, nw 67, 86, 100, 103, 136 18, 32, 52, 80, 100 ben, est, inf 0–0 RI to TX ne, nw 18, 89, 113, 116 Trachycardium muricatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Trigoniocardia antillarum (d’Orbigny, 1853) Family: Mactridae Anatina anatina (Spengler, 1802) Rangianella lexuosa (Conrad, 1839) Spisula raveneli (Conrad, 1831) Family: Solenidae Solen viridis Say, 1822 Turgeon et al. ~ 731 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon Family: Pharidae Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843) Ensis megistus Pilsbry & McGinty, 1943 Ensis minor Dall, 1900 Family: Tellinidae Acorylus gouldii (Hanley, 1846) HabitatBiology Depth (m) Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes ben, bur ben, inf ben, est, inf 0–73 0–0.3 0–101 NC to FL, of YU NJ to TX NJ to TX se, sw ne, nw se, ne, nw 8, 77, 113 18, 41 18, 77, 80, 100 124 ben, inf 0–512 entire 18, 70, 77, 100 10 0–46 0–18 se entire 1, 17, 73, 77, 113 18, 21, 77, 94 10 Angulus paramerus (Boss, 1964) Angulus probinus (Boss, 1964) ben, inf ben, inf, itd, mud ben, inf ben, inf se, ne se, ne, nw 1, 18, 77, 113 50, 77, 88 125 Angulus sybariticus (Dall, 1881) ben, inf 0–110 se, ne, nw 18, 50, 77, 86 126 Angulus tampaensis (Conrad, 1866) Angulus tenellus (A. E. Verrill, 1873) Angulus texanus (Dall, 1900) 0–0.3 1–57 0–46 entire se, ne, nw entire 8, 18, 67, 77, 100 18, 67, 86, 113 1, 18, 77, 91, 103 se, ne, nw se, ne, sw 1, 18, 77, 124 127 18, 46, 77, 79 128 Cymatoica orientalis (Dall, 1890) ben, est, inf ben, inf ben, est, inf, st ben, est, inf ben, com, inf, sgr ben, inf 7.9–75 se, ne, nw 18, 67, 77, 104 129 Elliptotellina americana (Dall, 1900) Eurytellina alternata (Say, 1822) ben, inf ben, inf, st 46–183 0–128 se FL, FK, CU, HN, CR, BE, BH GS to FK E FL, GMx, CU, WI to BR E FL, FK to BD, BE NC to TX, GMx OF, TT, LE NC to QR, GMx OF, CU, BR, BE E FL, FK to YU, WI MA to FL & MS NC to TX, MX, CU, BH RI to TX, WI NC to QR, GMx, HN, WI E FL to N GMx, CU, WI to BR NC to TX, BD NC to QR, GMx OF se, ne, nw entire Eurytellina angulosa (Gmelin, 1791) ben, inf 0–10 Eurytellina lineata (Turton, 1819) ben, inf 0–46 Eurytellina nitens (C. B. Adams, 1845) Eurytellina punicea (Born, 1778) Laciolina laevigata (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, inf ben, inf ben, com, inf, st ben, inf 0–120 0–2 0–15 Angulus agilis (Stimpson, 1857) Angulus merus (Say, 1834) Angulus versicolor (De Kay, 1843) Arcopagia fausta (Pulteney, 1799) Laciolina magna (Spengler, 1798) Leporimetis intastriata (Say, 1826) 73–91 16–91 0–46 0–30 0–9 0–2 S FL to YU, CU, CA to UR, CR E FL, GMx, N SA to BR, WI NC to TX, CU, BR BZ to FL to BR NC to DT, YU, WI, BE NC to CB, CU, WI entire 1, 74, 77 18, 77, 80, 103, 124 1, 18, 67, 77, 100 10 entire 1, 18, 77, 88, 100 se, ne, nw se se, ne, sw SC to S GMx; N SA, CU, CR, BE SC to QR, CU, BR se, ne, sw se, ne, nw 1, 18, 77, 88, 91 130 77, 113, 134 1, 77, 100, 103, 123 18, 43, 77, 88, 100 10 18, 43, 46, 77, 100 10 18, 67, 77, 100, 103 10 1, 28, 33, 67 131 1, 18, 77, 91, 100 18, 77, 80, 100, 103 1, 77, 88, 94, 100 132 1, 18, 77, 92, 100 18, 77, 88, 100, 103 133 1, 18 134 entire Macoma brevifrons (Say, 1834) ben, inf, mud, st ben, est, inf Macoma carlottensis Whiteaves, 1880 Macoma cerina Dall, 1900 Macoma constricta (Bruguière, 1792) ben, inf ben, est, inf ben, est, inf 0–2 0.5–2 0.3–2 TX, PA, AT; EP S FL, AN, JM FL to QR, WI, BR nw se entire Macoma extenuata Dall, 1900 ben, end, inf 59–128 FK to TX se, ne, nw Macoma limula Dall, 1895 Macoma mitchelli Dall, 1895 ben, inf ben, est, inf 37–183 0–36 NC to DT SC to TX, GMx OF se, ne, nw entire Macoma phenax Dall, 1900 ben, inf CK to TA ne 0–11 1–2 (continued ) 732 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology Depth (m) Macoma pseudomera Dall & Simpson, 1901 ben, inf Macoma pulleyi Boyer, 1969 Macoma tageliformis Dall, 1900 ben, inf ben, est, inf 1–128 0–49 Macoma tenta (Say, 1834) ben, est, inf 0–12 Merisca aequistriata (Say, 1824) ben, inf 0–91 Merisca cristallina (Spengler, 1798) Merisca martinicensis (d’Orbigny, 1853) Phyllodina squamifera (Deshayes, 1855) Scissula candeana (d’Orbigny, 1853) ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf, sgr Scissula consobrina (d’Orbigny, 1853) Scissula iris (Say, 1822) ben, inf ben, inf 4–128 0–37 Scissula similis (J. Sowerby, 1806) 0–8.1 Strigilla carnaria (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, inf, st, sgr ben, inf Strigilla gabbi Olsson & McGinty, 1958 ben, inf Strigilla mirabilis (Philippi, 1841) Strigilla pisiformis (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, inf, est, st ben, inf Strigilla surinamensis Boss, 1972 Tellidora cristata (Récluz, 1842) ben, inf ben, est, inf Tellina persica Dall & Simpson, 1901 Tellina radiata Linnaeus, 1758 ben, inf, st ben, inf, st 26–421 0–15 Tellinella listeri (Röding, 1798) ben, bur, st, sgr 0–100 0–1 Donax variabilis Say, 1822 ben, bsl, com, inf ben, bsl, inf ben, bsl, end, inf ben, inf Iphigenia brasiliensis (Lamarck, 1818) Family: Donacidae Donax denticulatus Linnaeus, 1758 Donax fossor Say, 1822 Donax texasianius Philippi, 1847 Family: Psammobiidae Asaphis delorata (Linnaeus, 1758) Gari circe (Mörch, 1876) Heterodonax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 15–91 <37 0–37 0–104 0–18 0–2 <37 0–60 5–180 <37 0–46 Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes GMx, CU, PR, JM, BE AL to TX, BR; GP FK & DT to QR, CU, GE, BR MA to CB, CU, BR, WI, BE NC to QR, CU, HN, BR, LE SC to QR, S CR DT, FK, LE, CU, BR NC to CB se FL, FK to QR, CU, LE, BE E FL to DT, LE, BE NC to TX entire 46, 77, 100, 123 ne, nw entire 1, 41, 88, 116 135 1, 77, 100, 103 136 entire 1, 18, 77, 100, 103 10 77, 91, 100, 124 137 E FL to QR, CU, WI to BR, BE E FL to FK, CU, CA to AG FK to TX, CS, PA, BH to BR NC to QR, GMx, HN, WI, BR, BE se FL to QR, PA, WI, BR, BE E FL to LA, SR NC to QR entire se se se, ne, nw se, ne se, ne 1, 62, 73, 113 138 1, 18, 77, 86, 113 10 18, 74, 77, 83, 100 1, 18, 46, 77, 100 139 1, 18, 74, 77, 86 140 1, 18, 77, 80, 100 141 1, 18, 46, 77, 100 10 se, ne 1, 18, 77, 80, 100 se, ne, nw 1, 18, 74, 77 142 entire 18, 77, 80, 100, 103 1, 46, 74, 77, 100 se se, ne, nw se, ne, nw ne se, ne, nw FK, of N CU, LE SC to QR, HN, CU, BE to GY NC to QR, CU, HN, BR, BE se entire se, ne, sw 1, 18, 41, 116 1, 18, 77, 80, 100 143 1, 74, 77 18, 46,77, 94, 100 10 43, 74, 77, 100 10 nw 1, 8, 73, 113 10 0–1 0–1 sw CR, YU, CU, VE, BR NJ to E FL WF to LA & YU ne se, nw, sw 1, 2, 18, 73, 113 2, 18, 91, 100, 113 0–11 NY to TX & CB entire ben, com, inf 6–6 E FL to CB, CA to N BR se, ne, sw 1, 18, 77, 100, 103 144 1, 18, 100, 103, 113 ben, com, inf, itd ben, inf, st 0–2 E FL, GMx, CU, WI, BR, BE; IP FK to N GMx OF, PR, VI, BH S FL & DT, CU, WI, BE; T EP se, ne, sw ben, inf, itd, st 18–51 0–1 se, ne, nw 18, 21, 77, 100, 123 10 50, 77, 88, 113 145 se 1, 18, 73, 77, 113 10 Turgeon et al. ~ 733 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon Psammotella cruenta (Lightfoot, 1786) Sanguinolaria sanguinolenta (Gmelin, 1791) Family: Semelidae Abra aequalis (Say, 1822) Abra lioica (Dall, 1881) HabitatBiology Depth (m) YU, PA, CR to BR FL, TX, VR, CA to BR, PR, WI se, sw entire 8, 73, 113 1, 18, 77, 88, 100 ben, est, inf ben, inf 0–73 2–366 NC to QR, WI, BR MA to QR, GMx OF, WI AO to nw GMx, WI se, ne, nw se, ne, nw 18, 77, 100, 124 146 18, 30, 32, 77, 103 147 1, 32, 50, 77, 96 148 S FL, TX, VR, CU, CR, BR, BE NS to TX, CU, LE entire 91–2140 ben, inf 7–15 Cumingia tellinoides (Conrad, 1831) ben, inf, mud, sgr ben, inf, st, sgr ben, inf, st 0–68 Ervilia subcancellata E. A. Smith, 1885 Semele bellastriata (Conrad, 1837) 0–100 0–50 Semele purpurascens (Gmelin, 1791) ben, inf, st ben, inf, mud, sgr ben, est, inf, st ben, inf Semelina nuculoides (Conrad, 1841) ben, inf 7–59 Family: Solecurtidae Solecurtus cumingianus (Dunker, 1861) ben, inf 8–183 Solecurtus sanctaemarthae d’Orbigny, 1853 ben, inf 0–128 Tagelus divisus (Spengler, 1794) ben, inf, st, sgr ben, com, est, inf 0–22 Semele proicua (Pulteney, 1799) Tagelus plebeius (Lightfoot, 1786) Family: Dreissenidae Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) 11–1235 0–90 0–75 1–55 0–6 ben, bys, fre, nid ben, bys, epi, est ben, bys, epi, est 0.1–60 1097 550–700 Vesicomya pilula (Dall, 1881) ben, end, dps ben, dps, end, htv ben, inf Vesicomya venusta (Dall, 1886) Vesicomya vesica (Dall, 1886) ben, inf ben, inf Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831) Mytilopsis sallei (Récluz, 1849) Family: Kelliellidae Calyptogena ponderosa Boss, 1968 Vesicomya cordata Boss, 1968 References / Endnotes 0–9 0–1 ben, inf Ervilia nitens (Montagu, 1808) GMx range ben, inf ben, inf Abra longicallus americana (Verrill & Bush, 1898) Cumingia coarctata G. B. Sowerby I, 1833 Ervilia concentrica (Holmes, 1860) Overall geographic range 0–55 0–3 14–620 640–1465 154–320 se, ne, nw se, ne 1, 18, 77, 100, 123 10 1, 18, 80, 100, 113 149 18, 38, 77, 80, 92 150 1, 18, 46, 77, 86 se entire 1, 73, 77, 113 41, 77, 100, 123 151 se, ne, nw 18, 77, 100, 123 152 se, ne, nw 77, 88, 100, 124 153 se, ne, nw 1, 18, 77, 80, 88 154 NC to CB, GMx OF, VI, BR NC to TX, GMx OF, WI, BR, BE MA to QR, CU, BE, BR MA to VR, N SA, WI, BE, BR entire ne, nw 18, 67, 77, 83, 100 155 1, 18, 50, 73, 88 156 entire 18, 80, 91, 103 157 entire 1, 18, 80, 100, 103 Eurasia; now GMx ne 102, 131, 132 NY to TX & YU, CU, WI FK, GMx to CA & WI entire se 18, 74, 100, 103, 132 10 18, 65, 73, 77, 84 of AL N GMx OF ne ne 1, 116 158 1, 58, 85 159 GA to TX, PR ne, nw of E FL, FS to LA GMx & LE ne se 1, 30, 41, 77, 100 160 1, 31, 32, 41, 77 31, 32, 77 NC to GMx, PA, PR, BR, BE E FL to QR, VE, WI, BD, BR E FL to DT, N BR, BE NC to QR, GMx, WI, CU, BR, BE NC, QR, GMx, WI, CA to AG, BE NC to TX, GMx OF, CU, WI, BR NC to TX, GMx OF, WI se, ne, nw entire (continued ) 734 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology Family: Trapezidae Coralliophaga coralliophaga (Gmelin, 1791) ben, cmm Depth (m) GMx range References / Endnotes entire 38, 77, 100, 103 161 ne 1, 88 162 ben, inf 102 –183 NC, GMx, CU, VI, WI, BR of WF to LA, WI, BE ben, est, inf, nid com, est, inf, mud ben, est, inf, mud <10 se Asia ne, nw 5, 44, 132 0–2 VA to TX & YU entire 0–0 FK to QR, CU, BH, DO entire 18, 100, 103, 106, 136 1, 18, 73, 77, 92 ben, inf, mud 7–24 WF to TX & VR Anomalocardia auberiana (d’Orbigny, 1853) Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) Callista eucymata (Dall, 1890) ben, est, inf, st ben, inf, mud ben, inf 0–0.3 Chione elevata (Say, 1822) Chione mazyckii Dall, 1902 com, iif, inf, sgr ben, end, inf S FL & DT to QR, CU YU, AN to BR NC to TX, GMx OF, BR NC to GMx, BZ, CU ne, nw, sw entire 31 FK & DT to YU se, ne, sw Circomphalus strigillinus (Dall, 1902) ben, inf 37–183 se, ne, nw Cyclinella tenuis (Récluz, 1852) ben, est, inf 0–66 SC to TX, GMx OF, BR, BH VA to GMx OF, BR Dosinia discus (Reeve, 1850) ben, est, inf 0–79 Dosinia elegans (Conrad, 1843) ben, inf, st Gemma gemma (Totten, 1834) ben, est, inf, st ben, inf Glossocardia agassizii (Dall, 1886) Family: Corbiculidae Corbicula luminea (Müller, 1774) Polymesoda caroliniana (Bosc, 1801) Polymesoda maritima (d’Orbigny, 1853) Family: Veneridae Agriopoma texasiana (Dall, 1892) 2–417 Overall geographic range 0–5 29–215 0–101 se, sw se, ne, nw entire 1, 18, 67, 80, 100 18, 67, 77, 91, 103 10 8, 42, 73, 113 1, 18, 77, 83, 100 163 21, 77, 103, 112 164 0–58 VA to YU, GMx OF, BH NC to QR, WI entire 0–66 NS to BH; EP se, ne, nw 62, 73, 74, 77, 103 165 1, 41, 77, 94, 100 166 18, 46, 77, 100, 103 167 18, 38, 77, 80, 100 168 18, 38, 77, 100, 136 169 1, 18, 67, 80, 88 170 66 BE to BR nw 40, 41 0.3–100 1, 18, 21, 41, 77 171 se, ne, nw 9, 18, 32, 38, 77 172 Gouldia cerina (C. B. Adams, 1845) ben, inf, sgr 0–174 entire Gouldia insularis (Dall & Simpson, 1901) Lirophora clenchi (Pulley, 1952) 1, 18, 77, 100, 124 10 111, 113 49, 77, 100, 101 173 Lirophora latilirata (Conrad, 1841) ben, inf ben, end, inf, st ben, inf NC to YU, GMx, CU, WI, BR, BE NC to DT & nw GMx OF, WI NC to CU, GMx, WI, BR, BE CB, PR GMx entire Globivenus rugatina (Heilprin, 1887) ben, inf, st, sgr ben, inf 0–55 NC to QR, CU, BR entire Lirophora paphia (Linnaeus, 1767) ben, inf, st 0–101 se Macrocallista maculata (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, com, inf, sgr ben, com, inf, st 0–55 FK & DT, CU, WI to BR NC to QR, CU, BR, BE NC to TX Globivenus listeroides (Fischer-Piette & Testud, 1967) Globivenus rigida (Dillwyn, 1817) Macrocallista nimbosa (Lightfoot, 1786) 18–156 55–57 0–91 0–13 entire entire se entire entire se, ne, nw 1, 18, 77, 88, 100 174 1, 73, 77, 88, 103 175 18, 77, 100, 103 176 18, 67, 77, 80, 100 177 Turgeon et al. ~ 735 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology Depth (m) Parastarte triquetra (Conrad, 1846) Periglypta listeri (J. E. Gray, 1838) ben, com, inf, st com, end, inf, st ben, com, inf, st ben, inf ben, inf, st Pitar albidus (Gmelin, 1791) ben, inf 0–110 Pitar arestus (Dall & Simpson, 1901) Pitar circinatus (Born, 1778) ben, inf ben, inf 6–44 0–6 Pitar dione (Linnaeus, 1758) ben, inf 0–8 Pitar fulminatus (Menke, 1828) 0–100 Pitar zonatus (Dall, 1902) Pitarenus cordatus (Schwengel, 1951) ben, inf, st, sgr ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf, st, sgr ben, inf ben, inf Puberella intapurpurea (Conrad, 1849) ben, inf 0–55 Puberella pubera (Bory Saint-Vincent, 1827) Timoclea grus (Holmes, 1858) ben, inf 5–55 ben, est, inf 0–101 Mercenaria campechiensis campechiensis (Gmelin, 1791) Mercenaria campechiensis texana (Dall, 1902) Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Pitar morrhuanus (Linsley, 1848) Pitar cf. munda Römer, 1861 Pitar pilula Rehder, 1943 Pitar simpsoni (Dall, 1895) Timoclea pygmaea (Lamarck, 1818) Tivela abaconis Dall, 1902 Tivela loridana Rehder, 1939 Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778) ben, inf, st, sgr ben, inf, st ben, inf 0–60 0–1 NJ to QR, GMx OF, CU N GMx, AL to VR entire 18, 61, 77, 100, 103 178 1, 36, 48, 90, 100 GS to GMx 0–11 0.3–55 E FL to TX se FL, QR, CU, WI se, ne, nw se, ne, sw DT, CU, N SA, LE, PR, VI YU, QR, CU, CR, PR DT to AL, PA, PR, VI to BR DT, MX, PA, CS, PR, TT NC to nw GMx, CU, WI, BR, BE CN to SC, CB VI, GMx se FL to TX S FL, DT to AL, CU, WI NC to WF & LA E FL to CB, GMx OF, BR NC to QR, GMx OF, WI, BR FK, TX, WI se, ne 1, 18, 77, 80, 100 18, 46, 77, 89, 100 10 32, 77, 86, 113 10 se se, ne 8, 113 10 73, 77, 113, 116 se 73, 77, 113 se, ne, nw 18, 94, 100, 113 10 se, sw nw ne, nw se, ne 8, 73 9 18, 88 1, 18, 77, 86, 100 10 ne se, ne, nw 67, 113 1, 18, 77, 83, 100 179 18, 41, 77, 80, 100 180 1, 18, 54, 73, 113 2–8 <37 0–48 40 0–110 se, ne, nw se, ne, nw 1, 18, 32, 80, 113 entire 0.9–2 NC to QR, GMx OF, WI E FL to QR, CU, WI 11 0–14 FK, VR, PR, BH se FL to FK & YU se, ne, sw se, ne DT, QR, PA, WI to BR DT se FL, DT, WF, QR, BH FK & DT, QR, WI, PA FK, CU, PR se, ne, sw 34, 77, 113 182 18, 74, 77, 104, 113 183 73, 77, 103, 113 se se, ne 73, 77, 117 18, 43, 54, 77, 100 se 1, 18, 32, 77, 88 184 se 3, 77 0–6 Transennella cubaniana (d’Orbigny, 1853) ben, inf 0–13 Transennella culebrana (Dall & Simpson, 1901) Transennella stimpsoni (Dall, 1902) ben, inf 25–529 ben, bur, crr, itd References / Endnotes 10–36 Tivela trigonella (Lamarck, 1818) Transennella conradina Dall, 1884 Family: Petricolidae Choristodon robustum (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) GMx range ne, nw, sw se, ne ben, com, inf, st ben, end, inf ben, inf, st ben, inf, st Overall geographic range 0–2 se, ne 18, 77, 94, 100, 124 181 73, 77, 113, 117 10 0–6 NC to FK, DT, BR, PR, BH se 18, 74, 77, 86, 132 185 0.6–38 NC, GMx, CU, WI, BR entire 26, 77, 100, 124 186 (continued ) 736 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology Depth (m) Cooperella atlantica Rehder, 1943 ben, inf 3 Petricola lapicida (Gmelin, 1791) ben, bur, crr 0–124 Petricolaria pholadiformis (Lamarck, 1818) ben, bur, est 0–49 ben, cmm ben, inf 0–46 0–2 ben, end, inf 0–2 Order: Myoida Family: Myidae Paramya subovata (Conrad, 1845) Sphenia fragilis (H. & A. Adams, 1854) Sphenia tumida Lewis, 1968 Family: Corbulidae Caryocorbula caribaea (d’Orbigny, 1853) ben, inf 0.6–137 Caryocorbula chittyana (C. B. Adams, 1852) Caryocorbula contracta (Say, 1822) ben, inf 7–9 ben, inf 0–14 Caryocorbula cymella (Dall, 1881) ben, inf 46–124 Caryocorbula dietziana (C. B. Adams, 1852) Juliacorbula aequivalvis (Philippi, 1836) ben, inf 2.3–101 ben, inf 0–101 Varicorbula disparilis (d’Orbigny, 1853) ben, inf 0–549 Varicorbula krebsiana (C. B. Adams, 1852) Varicorbula philippii (E. A. Smith, 1885) Family: Gastrochaenidae Gastrochaena ovata G. B. Sowerby II, 1834 ben, inf ben, inf 8.2–124 29–85 ben, bur, crr 6–49 Gastrochaena stimpsoni Tryon, 1861 Lamychaena hians (Gmelin, 1791) ben, bur, hsb ben, bur, crr 0–101 14–101 Spengleria rostrata (Spengler, 1783) ben, bur, crr 6–57 ben, bur 0–101 Family: Hiatellidae Hiatella arctica (Linnaeus, 1767) Hiatella azaria (Dall, 1881) Panopea bitruncata (Conrad, 1872) Saxicavella sagrinata Dall & Simpson, 1901 Family: Pholadidae Barnea truncata (Say, 1822) Cyrtopleura costata (Linnaeus, 1758) Diplothyra smithii Tryon, 1862 Jouannetia quillingi Turner, 1955 Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes se FL, FK, WF, BR, PR SC, GMx, CU, CR to BR; T IP GS to TX, VR to UR, VI se, ne 18, 77, 86, 113 187 se, ne, sw 1, 18, 31, 77, 123 10 entire 18, 74, 77, 100, 103 188 DE to TX FL to S GMx, CU, PR, BR TX ne, nw entire nw 1, 18, 60, 88 18, 27, 100, 103, 136 10 1, 73, 88, 132 MA to sw GMx OF, CU, WI, BR NC to WF & DT, WI entire 77, 94, 100, 103 10 se, ne, nw 1, 18, 77, 113, 116 MA to FK, TX, CU, WI, BR of FK to TX, nw GMx OF NC, GMx, CU, JM, BR FS to FK, N GMx, CU, AN, CA NC to TX, GMx OF, CU, WI, BR WF to TX, JM FK & DT, BE se, ne, nw 42, 77, 100, 103 189 se, ne, nw 1, 50, 94, 116, 122 se, ne, nw 77, 94, 100, 103 190 se, ne se, ne, nw se 18, 73, 86, 94, 100 10 18, 30, 75, 77, 96 191 1, 6, 86, 113 192 77 193 SC to TX & MX, WI, BE; EP NC to TX, GMx OF NC to QR, GMx OF, CU, BR, BE E FL to AL, CU, VI, BR, BE entire 18, 77, 100, 113 194 ne, nw entire 50, 80, 88 195 77, 94, 100, 124 196 se, ne, sw 1, 18, 77, 116, 123 10 se, ne, nw 18, 77, 94, 100, 109 197 18, 30, 31, 83, 109 18, 83, 88, 100, 120 198 50, 88 199 se, ne, nw ben, bur, end ben, bur, est 24–26 0–46 N GL to GMx OF, WI, PA; CL FK to TX & GMx OF NC to TX ben, bur 68–74 of TX, PR nw se, ne, nw ne, nw ben, bur, est 0–2 MA to TX, BR; AF se, ne, nw ben, bur, com, st ben, bur, est 0–49 entire 0–42 MA to YU, GMx OF, BR, WI MA to TX ne, nw 0–68 NC to TX ne, nw ben, bur, hsb, wbr 1, 18, 77, 80, 100 200 18, 77, 83, 100, 103 1, 18, 80, 92, 100 201 18, 50, 83, 88 202 Turgeon et al. ~ 737 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon HabitatBiology Depth (m) Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822) ben, bur, wbr 0–37 Martesia fragilis Verrill & Bush, 1898 ben, bur, est 0–51 Martesia striata (Linaneus, 1758) ben, wbr 0–21 Pholas campechiensis Gmelin, 1791 ben, bur 0–9 ben, bur, wbr 0–51 Bankia imbriatula Moll & Roch, 1931 ben, bur, wbr 0–0 Bankia gouldi (Bartsch, 1908) ben, bur, wbr 0–20 Lyrodus loridanus (Bartsch, 1922) Lyrodus pedicellatus (Quatrefages, 1849) ben, bur, wbr ben, bur, wbr <37 <37 Nausitoria fusticula (Jefreys, 1860) Nototeredo knoxi (Bartsch, 1917) Teredo bartschi Clapp, 1923 ben, bur, wbr ben, bur, wbr ben, bur, wbr 73 <37 <37 Teredo clappi Bartsch, 1923 Teredo navalis Linnaeus, 1758 ben, bur, wbr ben, bur, wbr Family: Teredinidae Bankia carinata (J. E. Gray, 1827) Teredo somersi Clapp, 1924 Teredora malleolus (Turton, 1822) Teredothyra dominicensis (Bartsch, 1921) Uperotus panamensis (Bartsch, 1922) Order: Pholadomyoida Family: Lyonsiidae Entodesma beana (d’Orbigny, 1853) Lyonsia loridana Conrad, 1849 Lyonsia hyalina (Conrad, 1831) Family: Pandoridae Pandora arenosa Conrad, 1834 Pandora bushiana Dall, 1886 ben, bur, wbr ben, bur, wbr ben, bur, wbr ben, bur, wbr ben, cmm ben, est, inf ben, inf 0–0 0–91 <37 0–7 0–62 Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes CT to TX, CU, WI to BR VA to sw GMx, BR; EP, IP NC to BR, GMx, CU, WI, BE; IP NC to TX, CU, BR entire 77, 88, 100, 103 203 ne, nw, sw entire 21, 73, 89 204 FL, WI, CA to BR; EU; IP se FL & WI to BR NJ to TX, N SA, WI, BR E & W FL FK, TX; WD entire se, ne, nw 18, 74, 77, 88, 100 se 18, 73, 77, 100, 113 18, 73, 80, 88, 100 ne, nw ne se, ne, nw nw se se, ne, nw 18, 54 205 18, 73, 77, 100, 113 73, 88 18, 73, 74, 77 1, 18, 54, 77, 100 se ne, nw 4, 10, 74, 77 206 1, 18, 67, 73, 100 se se, ne se nw 23 207 32, 62, 77 88, 113, 129 13, 88 NC, GMx, CU, WI, BR, BE FK & DT to TX, CU NS to TX, GMx OF se, ne, nw 73, 77, 100, 124 208 se, ne, nw ne, nw 1, 18, 77, 80, 100 10 1, 18, 67, 86, 132 209 entire se, ne, nw 1, 18, 77, 86, 100 1, 18, 77, 88, 100 210 32, 73, 77, 113 1, 73, 77, 88, 116 211 18, 67, 73, 80, 100 212 TX NC to FL, BR SC to TX, BE, TT; WD FK, CU, BE; T IP NL to TX, PR; EP; WD FK, BE FK, WF, VI, ME CU, DO, WI TX; EP ben, inf ben, inf 11–37 0–55 Pandora glacialis Leach, 1819 Pandora inlata Boss & Merrill, 1965 ben, inf ben, inf 6–46 0–91 NC to TX, MX NC to DT & TX, CU, WI, BR AO to FL; AK to BC NJ to TX, GMx OF Pandora trilineata Say, 1822 ben, est, inf 0–91 CK to DT, TX ne, nw FK & DT to TX FS to BD TX, S CR NS to NY, GMx NC to FK & TX se, ne, nw se, ne nw nw se, ne Family: Thraciidae Asthenothaerus hemphilli Dall, 1886 Bushia elegans (Dall, 1886) Cyathodonta rugosa (Lamarck, 1818) Thracia conradi Couthouy, 1839 Thracia morrisoni Petit, 1964 ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf, mud ben, inf ben, inf, st, sgr 0–31 80–110 2–90 0–274 7–15 18, 77, 100, 103, 128 10 18, 77, 88, 100, 116 10 se se, ne, nw 1, 18, 73, 77, 105 1, 18, 32, 77, 86 1, 50, 67, 73 1, 50, 67, 73 213 18, 73, 74, 77, 88 (continued ) 738 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon Thracia cf. phaseolina (Lamarck, 1818) Thracia stimpsoni Dall, 1886 Family: Periplomatidae Periploma cf. fragile (Totten, 1835) Periploma margaritaceum (Lamarck, 1801) Periploma tenerum (P. Fischer, 1882) Family: Poromyidae Cetoconcha bulla (Dall, 1881) Cetoconcha margarita (Dall, 1886) Poromya albida Dall, 1886 Poromya elongata Dall, 1886 Poromya granulata (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839) Poromya rostrata Rehder, 1943 HabitatBiology ben, inf ben, end, inf Depth (m) 0–1170 35–1170 Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes FK to YS ne, nw FK & DT, of TX se, nw 25, 32, 35, 74, 77 214 1, 73, 74, 77 ben, inf ben, est, inf ben, inf 48.6–73 0–14 <37 LB to NJ, of FL & MS SC to VR NC to FK ne entire se 86, 91, 92 18, 73, 74, 77, 100 1, 18, 74, 77 ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf ben, inf 3001–3255 715–1864 179–1337 110–364 85–150 of VA to GMx of FK, DT, WI of NC & FS GMx, WA AO to DT, GMx, BD; ME NC to TX, WI nw ne se ne se 1, 30, 96, 113 1, 31 1, 32, 73 1, 31, 32, 77, 113 73, 77, 113 se, ne, nw ben, inf 0–200 Poromya tornata (Jefreys, 1876) ben, inf 2432–3292 nw GMx to WI, BE; IO ne, nw 1, 18, 74, 77, 122 215 73, 96, 113 Family: Verticordiidae Euciroa elegantissima (Dall, 1881) Haliris ischeriana (Dall, 1881) ben, inf ben, inf 534–1383 80–510 se se, ne, nw 1, 77 18, 41, 77, 96, 113 Spinosipella acuticostata (Philippi, 1844) Trigonulina ornata d’Orbigny, 1853 ben, inf ben, inf 130–1097 10–366 se se, ne, nw Verticordia seguenzae Dall, 1886 Verticordia woodii E. A. Smith, 1885 Family: Cuspidariidae Cardiomya alternata (d’Orbigny, 1853) Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes, 1833) Cardiomya ornatissima (d’Orbigny, 1853) ben, inf ben, inf 227–1170 183–1939 of CC to FK, CU NC to YU, GMx, CU, VE, BD of S FL, BR MA to CB, JM, BR, BE; EP of NC to GMx GMx, WI 1, 73, 77 1, 18, 73, 77, 100 216 1, 70, 113 1, 67 ben, inf ben, inf, st ben, inf 154–278 2–375 0–91 FK to WI NC to WF, WI NC to CU, GMx, WI, BR MA to DT & CB, WI, BR AO to WL, GMx, BE nw GMx se se, ne entire 1, 30, 77 1, 18, 73, 77, 97 217 1, 18, 77, 94, 100 se, ne, nw 30, 74, 77, 94, 100 se, ne nw 1, 32, 88 218 30 117–3292 nw GMx nw 1, 73, 96 Cardiomya perrostrata (Dall, 1881) ben, inf Cardiomya striata (Jefreys, 1876) Cuspidaria arcuata (Dall, 1881) 100–402 1170–1280 Cuspidaria jefreysi (Dall, 1881) ben, inf ben, dps, end, inf ben, dps, end, inf ben, dps, inf 73.3–1260 S FL to CB, CU, CR se, ne, nw Cuspidaria media Verrill & Bush, 1898 Cuspidaria microrhina Dall, 1886 Cuspidaria obesa (Lovén, 1846) Cuspidaria rostrata (Spengler, 1793) ben, inf ben, inf ben, dps, inf ben, dps, inf 115–300 91–931 37–2360 119–2926 se, nw ne se ne, nw Halonympha claviculata (Dall, 1881) ben, inf ne 1, 30 221 Myonera gigantea (A. E. Verrill, 1884) Myonera lamellifera (Dall, 1881) Myonera limatula (Dall, 1881) ben, dps, inf ben, inf ben, dps, inf MA to YU of E & W FL AO to FL, WI AO to DT, nw GMx, WI FK & DT to LA, WI, BD of VA to FK WF, WI of MA to DT & FS 1, 41, 70, 86, 111 219 1, 8, 122 31, 88, 113 220 1, 32, 77, 86 1, 41, 30, 77, 96 se ne ne 1, 73, 74, 77 1, 32, 41, 86, 88 1, 30 Cuspidaria glacialis (G. O. Sars, 1878) 35–760 nw 60–620 2285–3506 88–457 986–1000 Turgeon et al. ~ 739 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Taxon Myonera paucistriata Dall, 1886 Plectodon granulatus (Dall, 1881) HabitatBiology ben, dps, inf ben, inf Depth (m) 353–1609 58–216 Overall geographic range GMx range References / Endnotes NC to DT, WI E FL to CB, GMx OF, WI se se, ne, nw 1, 31, 77 30, 32, 41, 77, 91 1 Collected by Dr. T. S. Hopkins at 85 m, of Baldwin County, Alabama, due south of Perdido Pass (26°25′N, 87°33′W) (Shelton 1997). 2 ANSP 306199, of John’s Pass, West Florida. 3 Holotype: USNM 45752—“Albatross” Sta. 2229, of Maryland, 37°38′40″N, 73°16′30″W, 2602 m. 4 HMNS.MAL 6309—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, 100 specimens. 5 Type locale: Chancanab Lagoon, Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico. 6 Type locale: “Albatross” Sta. 2754, N. Tobago, 1609 m (Pequegnat, 1983). 7 Holotype of N. culebrensis: BMNH—“Challenger” Sta. 24 (18°38.5′N, 65°05.5′W), 713 m, of Culebra Is., West Indies. 8 HMNS.MAL 46306—Government Stakes, Alligator Point, Florida, 4.5–9 m. 9 Type locality: “Challenger” Sta. 120, of Pernambuco, Brazil (8°37′S, 34°28′W, 1234 m). 10 Record from the Gulf shores of Cuba (between Cabo de San Antonio and Punta Hicacos) (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 11 HMNS.MAL 5834—94.5 mi SE of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 93 m, sandy mud, 9 specimens. 12 HMNS.MAL 6384—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, 141 valves. 13 HMNS.MAL 6423—26 mi NW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. 14 Holotype: BMNH (reportedly corroded)—“Challenger” Sta. 24, of Culebra Is., West Indies, 713 m. 15 Holotype: USNM 96107 (2 badly worn valves)—“Albatross” Sta. 2762 (23°08′S, 41°34′W) of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 108 m, not illustrated. 16 BMNH—2 lots labeled “Type?” reported by James (1972) to contain corroded valves and fragments from Sta. 122, of Pernambuco, Brazil, 640 m. 17 HMNS.MAL 6417—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface, 5 valves. 18 Holotype: USNM 203001 (3 valves)—“Albatross” Sta. 2385, 28°51′N, 88°18′W, of Mississippi Delta, 1335 m, not illustrated. Holotype: USNM 63140—taken at “Blake” Sta. 49 of the Mississippi Delta from 198 m; HMNS.MAL 5893—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, 107 valves, mud lumps. 19 20 Type locale is from of the Azores in 1600–1846 m. 21 Holotype: USNM 95436 (1 valve)—“Albatross” Sta. 2754, 11°40′N, 58°33′W, NE of Tobago, 1609 m, not illustrated. 22 USNM 95437—“Albatross” Sta. 2754, 11°40′N, 58°33′W, NE of Tobago, 1609 m. Holotype: USNM 62653—“Albatross” Sta. 2392 of the Mississippi Delta, (28°45′N, 82°30′W), 1324 m; HMNS.MAL 6368—33 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 917 m, “Alaminos.” Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 23 24 Type locale is “Blake” Sta. 33 on the Yucatan platform from 2560–2867 m. 25 HMNS.MAL 37613—Gulf of Mexico, 29°19.8′N, 87°25.5′W, in 402 m. Holotype: ANSP A18847—from “Alvin” dive 2211 in western Gulf of Mexico at a hydrocarbon seep in Alaminos Canyon at 26°21.3′N, 94°29.7′W in 2222 m. A number of paratypes (ANSP 400775, USNM, MCZ, HMNS, MNHN) are from the same dive and locality. Also: HMNS.MAL 45300—Alaminos Canyon at 26°21.1′N, 94°30.3′W in 2340 m. 26 Holotype: ANSP A18848—from “Johnson Sealink-I” dive 3129, Bush Hill hydrocarbon seep, 27°46.9′N, 91°30.4′W, about 210 km SW of Grand Isle, Louisiana in 546 m. Several paratypes (ANSP 400778, MCZ, HMNS, MNHN) are from the same locality. Additional paratypes: ANSP 400779—“Alvin” dive 2211, Texas Alaminos Canyon, at 26°21.3′N, 94°29.7′W, in 2222 m; HMNS.MAL 45308 from the same locality and dive. 27 28 Holotype: ANSP A18846—from “Alvin” dive 1343 along the base of the West Florida Escarpment in the eastern Gulf of Mexico at 26°03′N, 84°54′W, in 3270 m. Additional paratypes: ANSP 400772—“Alvin” dive 2196 at 26°02.4′N, 84°54.4′W, in 3314 m; ANSP 400771 and ANSP 400773 (same locality)—“Alvin” dive 2542 at 26°01.8′N, 84°54.6′W, in 3314 m; HMNS.MAL 45307—“Alvin” dive 2196 at 26°02.4′N, 84°54.4′W, in 3314 m. 29 Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 30 HMNS.MAL 25509—R / V “Alaminos,” NWGS station 1700 at 27°41.1′N, 93°09.1′W, in 155 m. Holotype—ANSP A18850 from “Johnson Sea-Link-I” dive 3149 at 27°50′N, 92°10′W in 650 m in the Gulf of Mexico on the Louisiana Continental Slope near Garden Banks block 386 ofshore petroleum leasing area. Two paratypes (ANSP 400783, 400784) and 6 additional specimens (Rutgers) are from the same dive and locality. Also, HMNS.MAL 45304—from the Louisiana continental slope, 650 m, near Garden Banks, block 386 ofshore petroleum leasing area, “Johnson-Sea-Link-I” dive 3149, 27°50′N, 92°10′W. 31 32 HMNS.MAL 45940—St. George Park, Florida, HMNS.MAL 1973.161—Tuxpan, Veracruz. 33 HMNS.MAL 1973.161—Tampico, Mexico. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 34 HMNS.MAL 16665—Little Torch Key, Florida Keys, 10 shells on lats. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). (continued ) 740 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) 35 Holotype: ANSP A18849—from “Johnson-Sea-Link-I” dive 3108 at Bush Hill hydrocarbon seep at 27°46.91′N, 91°30.36′W, 210 km south southwest of Grand Isle, Louisiana in 548 m, on the Louisiana Continental Slope. Five paratypes (ANSP 400780, 400781; USNM and MCZ) are from the same dive and locality. Also, HMNS.MAL 45301—from of Louisiana, near Garden Banks, block 386 ofshore petroleoum leasing area, “Johnson-Sea-Link-I” dive 3149, 27°50′N, 92°10′W. 36 HMNS.MAL 4213—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. 37 HMNS.MAL 4056—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana. 38 HMNS.MAL 4604—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, mud lumps. 39 HMNS.MAL 19485—NWGS station 1629, Gulf of Mexico, 28°25′N, 92°04′35″W, in 55 m. 40 HMNS.MAL 1973.161—Veracruz, Mexico. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 41 HMNS.MAL 5947—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 16 m, 60 specimens. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 42 HMNS.MAL 12029—33 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 67 m, 3 valves, mud. 43 Type locale: Cuba at 146 m. 44 HMNS.MAL 4224—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. 45 HMNS.MAL 4022—26 mi NW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. 46 Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (27.92°N, 93.71°W), in 20 m (F. Moretzsohn, Pers. Obs. 2005). HMNS.MAL 8672—Grassy Key, bayside, Florida Keys, at roots of grasses near mangrove, 4 pairs. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 47 48 HMNS.MAL 4284—26 mi NW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 49 HMNS.MAL 4780—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 50 HMNS.MAL 1973.161—Veracruz, Mexico. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 51 HMNS.MAL 1973.161—as I. listeri, Veracruz, Mexico. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 52 HMNS.MAL 1973.161—Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 53 HMNS.MAL 9945—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface, 2 fragments. 54 HMNS.MAL 32806—Green Canyon 272 at petroleum seep, Continental Slope, Gulf of Mexico, in 686 m. HMNS.MAL 5822—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 3 specimens as Ctenoides loridanus (Olsson and Harbison, 1953). Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 55 56 USNM 94024—of Key West, USFC Sta. 2330, coral, 221 m, 1 valve. Eleven living specimens are known from 183–366 m (all from the following material: AMNH 99694—of Egmont Key, Florida; AMNH 161513—of Sarasota, Florida; MCZ 316561 (ex USNM 458136)—Sand Key Reef, Lower Florida Keys, shore station among coral blocks at low tide, 1911, “Eolis” Sta. 37; USNM 458282—10 mi south of Sand Key, Lower Florida Keys 1910, “Eolis” Sta. L; FMNH 197565, SE of Dry Tortugas; AMNH 195668—W of Dry Tortugas, ex C. N. Cate Collection). 57 58 The name of the Western Atlantic form is not Lima lima, but L. caribaea (Mikkelsen and Bieler 2003). Type locale: Cuba; HMNS.MAL 45018—St. Petesburg, Florida, 6 m. 59 HMNS.MAL 5750—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, mud lumps, 7 fragments. 60 HMNS.MAL 5789—94.5 mi SE of South Pass, Louisiana, 93 m, sandy mud. 61 HMNS.MAL 5784—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 93 m, sandy mud. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 62 HMNS.MAL 6644—west of Cape San Blas, Florida, 30.5–38 m. 63 Type locale: 50 km south of Apalachicola, Florida in 200 m. 64 HMNS.MAL 1973.161—Alvarado, Veracruz, Mexico. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 65 HMNS.MAL 284—Of Alabama coast, 9–11 m. 66 HMNS.MAL 7730—Dry Tortugas, Florida, 122 m. 67 HMNS.MAL 16633—Sombrero Reef, Florida Keys. 68 HMNS.MAL 222—Florida Keys, Florida. 69 HMNS.MAL 2579—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface, mud lumps. MCZ 271827—of Key West, shrimp beds [no speciic depth, but ballpark]: N of Tortugas, 130 t, in shrimp nets; FMNH uncatalogued—Dry Tortugas, 120 t, sand, Dec. 2003, shrimper, 1 empty valve. 70 71 Waller (1991) considered Amusium papyraceum a true Amusium restricted to the Miocene of the Dominican Republic. He said that two diferent Recent species of Euvola have been misidentiied as A. papyraceum. The one from the Gulf of Mexico he called Euvola species A (we have termed it E. cf. papyracea); the one from the southern Caribbean he called E. marensis Weisbord, 1964. HMNS.MAL 2530—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface. 72 HMNS.MAL 217—Of North Pass, Mississippi River delta, 8 m. AMNH 275432—Key West, shrimper, 61 m, Fleischner Coll.; AMNH 242386—of Key West, in deep water; AMNH—Germer Coll. #1115, on “12 mile reef ” of Key West, at 2.4 m, collected by Joseph Zager, March 1961. 73 74 HMNS.MAL 2786—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface, mud lumps. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). Turgeon et al. ~ 741 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) 75 HMNS.MAL 2803—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 93 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 76 HMNS.MAL 2878—33 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 402–406 m. 77 HMNS.MAL 321—Campeche, Mexico, 9–22 m. 78 HMNS.MAL 18808—94 nautical miles at 153° from Galveston, Texas, 27°53′N, 93°49′W. 79 Type locale: Bermuda. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 80 HMNS.MAL 6088—92.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 430 m. 81 Type locale: of Punta Piedras, Colombia, 75 m. 82 HMNS.MAL 5975—26 mi NW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 7 m, 4 specimens. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 83 HMNS.MAL 462—W and SW of Campeche, Mexico, 9–22 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 84 HMNS.MAL 25102—NWGS 1694, #4551, about 117 mi SSE of Cameron, Louisiana. 85 HMNS.MAL 8670—Missouri Key Sand Flats, Gulf side, Florida Keys, 1 pair. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 86 HMNS.MAL 455—Sand bars, Key Vaca, Florida Keys. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 87 HMNS.MAL 16631—Sombrero Reef, Florida Keys, 15 pairs + 2 valves. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 88 HMNS.MAL 45230—Gasparilla Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. 89 HMNS.MAL 32809—Viosca Knoll, upper continental slope S of Mobile Bay, Alabama, 29°10′10″N, 88°01′W. 90 HMNS.MAL 2478—33 mi of SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 417 m, mud. 91 HMNS.MAL 2490—33 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Mississippi River, 256 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 92 HMNS.MAL 2486—33 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 311–417 m, 2 valves. 93 HMNS.MAL 4826—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, sandy mud. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 94 HMNS.MAL 45241—Fort Myers, Florida, Gulf of Mexico as Lucina multilineata (see http: // www.malacolog.org / ). 95 HMNS.MAL 45246—Naples, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. 96 HMNS.MAL 4870—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. 97 Type locale: Santiago de Cuba. HMNS.MAL 13235—NWGS station 1565, #12654, about 117 mi SSE of Cameron, Louisiana, in 73 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 98 99 Type locale: Pliocene of South Carolina; paratypes: HMNS.MAL 4460—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, mud lumps. Type locale: Miocene James River, Virginia “near Smithield”, emended by Campbell (1993) to Pliocene, Yorktown Formation James River, Virginia; HMNS. MAL 4540—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, mud lumps. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 100 101 Type locale: Recent, Dominican Republic. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 102 Type locale: from the wreck of an old steamship of Carysfort Reef, Florida, in 18 m. 103 Type locale: Recent, Barbados. Type locale: Recent, “oceano americano”; HMNS.MAL 476—W and SW of Campeche, Mexico, 9–22 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 104 Three diferent Recent forms appear under this name in current literature (Campbell et al. 2004). Type locale: Honduras; C. sarda paratype—FMNH 135481 (4 pairs of valves collected at 11 m); HMNS.MAL 44923—St. Petesburg, Florida, in 27–36.5 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 105 106 Type locale: Recent, Brazil. 107 Type locale: Gulf side of Crooked Island, of St. Andrews Sound, Florida; type—ANSP 83876 collected by C. B. Moore in 1902. 108 Type locale: Miocene and Pliocene, near Manatee River, Florida; Recent, irst collected on beaches of western Florida near Manatee River by C. T. Simpson. 109 HMNS.MAL 6728—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface, 95 valves. HMNS.MAL 38422—R / V “Alaminos,” NW Gulf of Mexico, in depression around 66 m knoll, at 27°57.8′N, 92°10.8′W. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 110 111 HMNS.MAL 6261—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, sandy mud. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 112 HMNS.MAL 4707—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, mud lumps. 113 HMNS.MAL 37476—Gulf of Mexico, at 28°05.4′N, 91°00′W. 114 HMNS 1333—65 mi SSE of Freeport, Texas, 55 m. 115 HMNS.MAL 563—W and SW of Campeche, Mexico, 9–22 m. 116 HMNS.MAL 46287—near lighthouse at St. Mark’s, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. 117 HMNS.MAL 572—SW of Anna Maria Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 91–122 m. 118 HMNS.MAL 1418—NWGS station 1643, No. 12583, at 28°33′N, 89°57′W, Gulf of Mexico, in 256 m, in mud. 119 Type locale: “Pelican” Sta. 94-1, 50 miles of Marsh Island, Louisiana; HMNS.MAL 1395—of Louisiana, 93 m, sandy mud. (continued ) 742 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) 120 AMNH 311507, from the Florida Keys. HMNS.MAL 1446—NWGS station 1386, No. 9783, Heald Bank, 31 mi SSE of Galveston, Texas, 12 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 121 122 HMNS.MAL 46644—Cape St. George, St. George Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. 123 HMNS.MAL 753—SE lank of Stetson Bank, Texas, in 57.6 m (14C age = 13,000 years). 124 HMNS.MAL 45950—St. Theresa, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. 125 HMNS.MAL 45029—WSW of Cape San Blas, Florida, dredged in 73 m. 126 HMNS.MAL 2106—26 mi of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 7 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 127 HMNS.MAL 2306—18.5 mi NW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 27 m. 128 HMNS.MAL 866—Florida Keys. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). Type locale of Macoma orientalis: Samaná Bay, Santo Domingo in 29 m mud; holotype of Cymatoica o. hendersoni—USNM 493384 (dredged at “Eolis” Sta. 8, 1 mile southeast of Fowey Light, in 46 m, near Miami, Florida); HMNS.MAL 46497—Gulf of Mexico, dredged 6–7 mi S of St. George Island, Florida. 129 130 HMNS.MAL 13280—Heald Bank, 40 mi from Galveston, Texas. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). Type locale: Matagorda Bay, Texas; type(s)—USNM 125532. Gulf of Mexico records as Macoma leptonoidea are from Maury (1920) and Abbott (1974). The depths are from low tide to the average depth for Matagorda Bay. Dall (1900) noted that the species also occurs in the Eastern Paciic; Coan, Scott, and Bernard (2000) synonymized it with Macoma carlottensis and considered the type locality of Texas to be an error. 131 132 HMNS.MAL 3688—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. 133 Type locale: Matagorda Bay, Texas; type(s)—USNM 124686. 134 Holotype: USNM 61719. Type locale: Jerome Creek, Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. 135 HMNS.MAL 3583—18.5 mi NW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. 136 HMNS.MAL 937—of Pass a Loutre, Louisiana, in 18 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 137 HMNS.MAL 1907—0.5 mi NW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 27 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 138 Type locale: Newport, Long Island. 139 Type locale: Martinique. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 140 Type locale: Martinique. 141 HMNS.MAL 4166—Beach at end of S Pass, Mississippi Delta, Louisiana. 142 Type locale: Colon, Panama. 143 HMNS.MAL 46656—Gulf of Mexico, dredged in mud in 3 m E of Dog Island in channel, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. 144 HMNS.MAL 8074—Little St. George Island, Franklin Co., Florida, intertidal sands. 145 Type Locale: Tortola, British Virgin Islands. 146 HMNS.MAL 5437—21.5 mi NW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, “Gus III”, 14 m. 147 HMNS.MAL 5499—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, sandy mud. 148 HMNS.MAL 5513—33 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, mud, 417 m. 149 Type locale for Cumingia tellinoides vanhyningi Rehder, 1939: western side of Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida; holotype—USNM 473123. Type locale: upper Miocene, Simmons Bluf, Yonges Island, South Carolina; lectotype—AMNH 11291; HMNS.MAL 46655—10 mi S of Alligator Point, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, dredged in 20 m. 150 151 HMNS.MAL 5700—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, mud lumps, 15 valves. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). HMNS.MAL 5566—NWGS station 1449, No. 12332, Pass from Timbalier Bay to Gulf of Mexico, east end of Timbalier, Louisiana, in silt. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 152 153 HMNS.MAL 44929—Naples, Florida. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 154 HMNS.MAL 44603—WNW of Dry Tortugas, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 85 m. 155 HMNS.MAL 26937—80–100 mi S of Port Isabel, Texas, in 73 m. 156 HMNS.MAL 46746—Marco Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 55 m. 157 HMNS.MAL 45731—Shell Point Reef, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, 3–5.5 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 158 HMNS.MAL 32808—at Green Canyon 272 at petroleum seep, Continental Slope, Louisiana, in 686 m. 159 HMNS.MAL 32807—at Green Canyon 272 at petroleum seep, Continental Slope, Louisiana, in 686 m. 160 Type locale: “Blake” Sta. 43, south of the Dry Tortugas, Florida. 161 HMNS.MAL 8063—33 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 417 m, 1 pair of valves. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 162 HMNS.MAL 6800—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 102 m, sandy mud. 163 HMNS.MAL 47433—110 mi W of Tampa, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 65.5 m. As C. cancellata: HMNS.MAL 16632—Sombrero Reef, Florida Keys; as C. elevata: HMNS.MAL 3320—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana; ANSP 264071—from Key Largo, Florida. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 164 Turgeon et al. ~ 743 Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) 165 Holotype: USNM 92022; type locale: of Cape Fear, North Carolina, 17 fms, sand. 166 HMNS.MAL 3516—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana. HMNS.MAL 47257—SSW of Shell Point, Apalachee Bay, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 3–5 m, shell hash; HMNS.MAL 47258—SW of Shell Point Reef, Apalachee Bay, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 3–5.5 m; HMNS.MAL 47259—4–5 mi S of Shell Point Reef, Apalachee Bay, Florida,Gulf of Mexico, in 3–4.5 m. 167 168 HMNS.MAL 47179—S of St. George Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 18.3 m. 169 HMNS.MAL 3105—26 mi of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. 170 HMNS.MAL 40680—Captiva Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 18.3 m. 171 HMNS.MAL 3498—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 172 HMNS.MAL 3494—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. 173 HMNS.MAL 3169—18.5 mi NW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. 174 HMNS.MAL 690—SW of Anna Maria Island, Manatee Co., Florida, Gulf of Mexico, dredged in 91–122 m. 175 HMNS.MAL 46485. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). Type locality: American Ocean; restricted to Cayo Frances, Caibarien, Cuba (Clench, 1942); HMNS.MAL 617—W and SW of Campeche, Mexico. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 176 177 HMNS.MAL 47141—dredged in 3 m, 5–6 mi SE of Alligator Point, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. 178 HMNS.MAL 3049—26 mi NW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana. 179 HMNS.MAL 2937—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface, mud lumps. 180 HMNS.MAL 681—W of Anna Maria Island, Manatee Co., Florida, Gulf of Mexico, dredged in 91–122 m. 181 HMNS.MAL 3266—South Pass, Mississippi, Louisiana, 25 valves. 182 HMNS.MAL 47619—St. Petersburg, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. 183 Type locale: Jensen Beach, “near Miami”, Florida; holotype—USNM 473118. 184 Holotype: USNM 160064; type locale: USFC (“Fish Hawk”) Sta. 6087, of Culebra Island, Puerto Rico, 25.6–32.9 m. 185 Type locale: Egmont Key, Florida; holotype—USNM 54100; HMNS.MAL 46365—Carrabelle, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. HMNS.MAL 46815—7–8 mi S of Alligator Point, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, dredged in 11.6–12.2 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 186 187 Type locale: dredged of Peanut Island, northern Lake Worth, Florida; holotype—USNM 517058; HMNS.MAL 46817—Cape St. George, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in batish stomach. 188 HMNS.MAL 46760—12 mi W of Port Arthur, Texas; HMNS.MAL 46761—E end of St. Vincent Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. 189 HMNS.MAL 42496—30 mi N of Port Isabel, Texas, in 20–25.6 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 190 HMNS.MAL 7135—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 93 m, sandy mud. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 191 HMNS.MAL 7363—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface, 500+ valves. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 192 TAMU Coll. 4-1155—West Flower Garden Bank, NW GMx, 27°52′36″N, 93°49′00″W at 100 m. HMNS.MAL 46326—Anna Maria Island, Manatee Co., Florida, Gulf of Mexico; HMNS.MAL 35531 of Dry Tortugas, dredged, 85.3 m, J. Moore, Oct. 1969, 1 pair. 193 194 Type locality: “Sinu Panamensi” (Gulf of Panama), “Isle of Perico and Insulam Platae” (Island of Plata). 195 HMNS.MAL 6862—94.5 mi SW of Southwest Pass, Louisiana, 93 m, sandy mud. 196 Type locale: “ad insulas Americae mediae oppositas”. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 197 HMNS.MAL 2426—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, mud lumps, surface. 198 HMNS.MAL 46503—60 mi S of St. George Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 61 m. Type locale: USFC (“Albatross”) Sta. 6062, Mayagüez Harbor, Puerto Rico, depth 55 m; holotype—USNM 160063; HMNS.MAL 2430—NW Gulf Survey, 81 mi south of Galveston, Texas, 68 m. 199 200 HMNS.MAL 15030—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface, mud lumps. 201 HMNS.MAL 47231—St. George Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico. HMNS.MAL 25721—USS “Wren,” 74 mi SSE of Galveston, at Stetson Bank, Texas, in 19.2 m. Also observed at same locality in 20–27 m (F. Moretzsohn, Pers. Obs. 2005). 202 203 HMNS.MAL 15599—NW of Southwest Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, 13 specimens. 204 HMNS.MAL 15593—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface, mud lumps. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 205 Type locale: Tampa, Florida; holotype—USNM 193031. 206 Type locale: Key West, Florida. 207 Type locale: Bermuda. (continued ) 744 ~ Bivalvia (Mollusca) Checklist of bivalves (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued ) Type locale: Antilles; HMNS.MAL 46825—85 mi E of Marco Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 53.3 m. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 208 209 HMNS.MAL 46829—6 mi S of St. George Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 15.2 m. 210 HMNS.MAL 13916—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface. Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 211 HMNS.MAL 46832—110 mi W of St. Petesburg, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 76.2 m. 212 HMNS.MAL 46929—7–8 mi S of Alligator Point, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 9.1–12.2 m. HMNS.MAL 46931—Dog Island, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, in 18.3 m. 213 HMNS.MAL 14801—NW Gulf Survey, Matagorda Peninsula, Texas, 20 m. 214 Thracia phaseolina is a European species; Western Atlantic specimens appear to represent a new species (Coan 1990). 215 HMNS.MAL 13998—South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface, 366 valves. 216 HMNS.MAL 45377—Naples, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, dredged in 40 m. 217 C. corpulenta: HMNS.MAL 37726—“GUS III”, 27°57′N, 94°40′W, Texas, in 91.4 m; holotype of C. gemma—USNM 41456, sta. 2292. 218 Dredged from 308 to 323 m of southwestern Florida at 27°51.79′N, 84°59.82′W (E. García, Pers. Comm. 2005). HMNS.MAL 25684—mud lumps at South Pass, Mississippi River, Louisiana, surface collected. Also, E. García dredged it at 4 sites of Louisiana (28°4.57′N, 90°59.99′W at a depth of 87.9 m; 27°51.79′N, 84°59.82′W at 308–323 m; 26°25.74′N, 83°43.70′W at 73.3–78.8 m; and 26°25.74′N, 83°43.70′W at 73.3–78.8 m) (E. García, Pers. Comm. 2005). Present in NW Cuba (J. Ortea and J. Espinosa, Pers. Comm. 2005). 219 220 Type locale: USFC (“Albatross”) Sta. 2659 and 2660 of Cape Canaveral, Florida from 922–931 m. 221 The shallower depth is from E. García (Pers. Comm. 2005), dredged from Sackett Bank of Louisiana in 60–70 m; the deeper depth is from Abbott (1974). View publication stats

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Bivalvia (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico

Bivalvia (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico

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