Marine Annelida (excluding clitellates and siboglinids) from the South China Sea

Christopher J Glasby; Pan-wen Hsueh

An annotated checklist of 1257 species (73 families) of Annelida from the South China Sea (SCS) is presented, including 289 species originally described from the region. The remaining extralimital records (968) are likely to represent a mixture of species complexes, misidentifications or truly widespread species, and therefore should be targets for future taxonomic study. The occurrence of each species within each of seven subregions is reported, with the majority (72%) of species only occurring in a single region. The annelid diversity of Singapore is estimated to be 121 species and 37 families. Families showing the highest levels of diversity in the SCS are the Nereididae (134 species), Syllidae (100), Polynoidae (76), Serpulidae (72), Spionidae (60), and Eunicidae (59). By comparison, both Nereididae and Syllidae are found to be more diverse in the SCS than the Australia region. For the Nereididae, this is likely to be the result of this group's capacity to tolerate low salinities, which would give its members a selective advantage over other annelids in a region that experiences high freshwater input (river flow and precipitation). In the case of Syllidae, it may be the result of taxonomic bias. The SCS region is home to 19 species that are utilised directly by humans, either as bait, food for penaeid aquaculture or, in few cases, human consumption.

Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY Supplement No. 34: 178–234 Date of publication: 29 June 2016 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:21B8D064-67AB-487F-A63D-4AFAC7C01FC5 Marine Annelida (excluding clitellates and siboglinids) from the South China Sea Christopher J. Glasby1*, Yen-Ling Lee2 & Pan-Wen Hsueh3 Abstract. An annotated checklist of 1257 species (73 families) of Annelida from the South China Sea (SCS) is presented, including 289 species originally described from the region. The remaining extralimital records (968) are likely to represent a mixture of species complexes, misidentiications or truly widespread species, and therefore should be targets for future taxonomic study. The occurrence of each species within each of seven subregions is reported, with the majority (72%) of species only occurring in a single region. The annelid diversity of Singapore is estimated to be 121 species and 37 families. Families showing the highest levels of diversity in the SCS are the Nereididae (134 species), Syllidae (100), Polynoidae (76), Serpulidae (72), Spionidae (60), and Eunicidae (59). By comparison, both Nereididae and Syllidae are found to be more diverse in the SCS than the Australia region. For the Nereididae, this is likely to be the result of this group’s capacity to tolerate low salinities, which would give its members a selective advantage over other annelids in a region that experiences high freshwater input (river low and precipitation). In the case of Syllidae, it may be the result of taxonomic bias. The SCS region is home to 19 species that are utilised directly by humans, either as bait, food for penaeid aquaculture or, in few cases, human consumption. Key words. Polychaeta, Sipuncula, Echiura, Myzostomida, checklist, distribution, diversity relevant experts. This will enable a more complete analysis of comparative biodiversity in the future. INTRODUCTION This study was initiated as a result of the workshop ‘Workshop on Marine Ecosystems and Biodiversity of the South China Sea, National University of Singapore’ held in August 2012, which aimed to update the knowledge of the marine biodiversity in the South China Sea (SCS). While initially focused on polychaetes of the region, the study was broadened to include all Annelida, the least inclusive, putatively monophyletic group including the polychaetes. The Annelida includes also the clitellates, siboglinids, sipunculans, echiurans and myzostomids (Struck et al., 2011; Weigert et al., 2014). Documenting the biodiversity of a monophyletic taxon across an area of endemism such as the SCS allows for a meaningful comparison of biodiversity with other regions and contributes to future biogeographic studies. In this study, we include all marine Annelida excluding the clitellates (oligochaetes and leeches) and siboglinids (pogonophorans and vestimentiferans), two groups likely to be less well-represented in the SCS; it is intended that these groups will be added in a subsequent study involving The South China Sea is the largest semi-enclosed sea in the western tropical Paciic Ocean. A deep central basin (>5000 m) is bordered by two broad continental shelves shallower than 200 m, in the northwest and southwest (Sunda Shelf). Other notable hydrodynamic features are the high freshwater input from major river systems in China and Vietnam, heavy monsoonal rainfall, and a net throughlow from the Paciic to the Indian Ocean (Fang et al., 2009). The area includes many shoals such as the Macclesield Bank (= Zhongsha Islands), oceanic islands, for example Spratly (= Nansha) Islands and The Paracel (= Xisha) Islands, and continental islands including Natuna and Anambas in the south SCS. The wide range of habitats for annelids include deep-sea and shelf sediments, coastal zones such as mangrove forests, seagrass beds, coral reefs, as well as the brackish waters of adjacent lakes and lagoons. Previous checklists of the region include those of Paxton & Chou (2000) and Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2014). The present checklist differs considerably from these previous ones in both taxonomic and geographic scope. Paxton & Chou (2000) and Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2014) both had a broader geographic scope: the former included the entire Taiwan and Philippines marine regions, and the latter included a broadly heterogeneous region comprising the East China Sea, SCS (including Gulf of Thailand), Philippines and Sulu Sea, the seas of Indonesia (Java, Banda and Celebes Seas), and the western Paciic regions of southern islands of Japan and part of Micronesia. The regional limits chosen by both Paxton & Museum and Art Gallery Northern Territory, PO Box 4646, Darwin, NT, Australia; E-mail: chris.glasby@nt.gov.au (*corresponding author) 1 Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, S2S, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227; Email: tmsleeyl@nus.edu.sg 2 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung, Taiwan 402, R.O.C.; Email: pwhsueh@dragon.nchu.edu.tw 3 © National University of Singapore ISSN 2345-7600 (electronic) | ISSN 0217-2445 (print) 178 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Chou (2000) and Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2014) relected the aims of their studies ― respectively, a geopolitical checklist and a baseline for future taxonomic studies ― and so do not represent homogeneous biogeographic entities under any current biogeographic schema. In terms of taxonomic scope, the previous studies considered polychaetes in a much narrower sense, with both excluding the sipunculans and echiurans, and Paxton & Chou (2000) excluding also the siboglinids and myzostomids. Importantly, the study of Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2014) listed only the species originally described from the region, whereas the present study includes both originally described species and also species occurring in the region but originally described from elsewhere (= extralimital species). Although the study of Paxton & Chou (2000) includes all species reported from the region, they overlooked many species records including those reported by the Challenger (1875) and the U.S. Fisheries steamer Albatross, 1907–1910, which were described in subsequent years (McIntosh, 1885; Hoagland, 1920; Treadwell, 1920, 1926, 1931). Considering the different scopes of previous and the present study and the omissions, comparison between them is not possible. Fig. 1. Seven geographic subregions within the South China Sea (SCS), after Lane et al. (2000). 1 = Gulf of Thailand; 2 = Vietnam and west of Hainan Island; 3 = Luzon, Palawan, and adjacent waters off Philippines; 4 = North of Borneo, off Malaysia; 5 = Bangka Straits, east of Sumatra, west of Borneo, east of peninsula Malaysia, Singapore, Natuna Islands; 6 = South China, including Hong Kong, southern Taiwan, Paracel Islands; 7 = Spratly Islands. The goal of the present study is to document the annelid taxa and their distributions in the SCS, by updating existing inventories and adding taxa missed by Paxton & Chou (2000) and Salazar-Vallejo et al. (2014). By focussing on both a monophyletic taxonomic group and a monophyletic area (i.e., an area of endemism), we are able to make some initial comparisons between the diversity of Annelida (and various families) in the SCS, and other large areas of endemism (= Large Marine Ecosystems; LMEs). The present checklist contains all published records in the systematic literature of annelid taxa (excluding clitellates and siboglinids) occurring in the SCS, plus an unpublished list of species level identiications reported at the International Polychaete Conference, Sydney, August 2013, collected during the recent Comprehensive Marine Biodiversity Survey of Singapore (December 2010 – April 2015). were excluded (for example, the entries from Taiwan in Paxton & Chou (2000), with Hsieh as pers. comm.). Species identifications have not been verified; those originally described from Arctic, Boreal or Subantartic regions were assumed to be misidentiications. In addition to the basic goal of documenting annelid biodiversity of the region, we also lag species utilised by humans for purposes such as bait for ishing and aquaculture food. People in the countries bordering the SCS are probably the most enthusiastic users of annelid resources of any region on Earth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Taxonomic scope. The primary taxonomic units in the study are valid species as indicated in the World Register of Marine Species WoRMS (http://www.marinespecies.org/; accessed November–December 2015). Current generic and familial assignments also follow WoRMS. In keeping with current trends in polychaete taxonomy, subspecies and varieties are elevated to species level and subgenera are elevated to full genus level (sipunculans and echiurans are the exceptions). Where relevant, the original binomen/trinomen is provided under Taxonomic Remarks (Table 1) for historical continuity. In addition to valid species, morphospecies identiied in taxonomic studies are also included; in these cases the author and year is used in the species name to identify unequivocally the taxon. Geographic scope. The external boundaries of the SCS and subregions follow those established by Lane et al. (2000) for echinoderms (Fig. 1). The external boundaries encompass two LMEs identiied by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, ‘South China Sea’ and the ‘Gulf of Thailand’ (http://www.lme.noaa.gov/). The SCS extends from the Tropic of Cancer in the north to about 3°S in the south, i.e., including Bangka Belitung Islands (Fig. 1). The southern limit of the SCS, which is perhaps the most debated of all the boundaries, corresponds also to that used by the International Hydrographic Organization. Within the SCS we use the seven subregions identiied by Lane et al. (2000) (Fig. 1), which were based on proximity from coast; they provide for a preliminary means of area comparison rather than a strict biogeographic analysis. Subregion scoring was by presence-only, that is absence of Taxonomic names listed in ecological papers were excluded, as in general they are not veriiable by a voucher specimen. Also, identiications based on personal communications 179 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Table 1. Annelid species of the South China Sea listed alphabetically under each family. Species in bold were originally described from the South China Sea. Species annotated with * indicates species occurring in Singapore. Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Aberantidae Aberranta sulcata Mackie, Pleijel & Rouse, 2005 as Aberranta sp. (Mackie et al., 1993) Acoetidae Acoetes cf. grubei (Kinberg, 1856) 2 Acoetidae Acoetes lagelliformis (Wesenberg-Lund, 1949) 2 Acoetidae Acoetes jogasimae Izuka, 1912 as Panthalis jogasimae Izuka, 1912 6 Acoetidae Acoetes melanonota (Grube, 1876) as Polyodontes melanotus (Grube, 1876); synonym Polyodontes gracilis Plugfelder, 1932 236 Acoetidae Euarche maculosa (Treadwell, 1931) as Eupanthalis maculosa (Treadwell, 1931) 6 Acoetidae Eupanthalis edriophthalma (Potts, 1910) 2 Acoetidae Eupanthalis kinbergi McIntosh, 1876 2 Acoetidae Eupanthalis lepidus (Shen & Wu, 1993) 7 Acoetidae Neopanthalis muricata Shen & Wu (1993) Acoetidae Neopanthalis pelamida Strelzov, 1968 2 Acoetidae Neopolyodontes lepidus Shen & Wu (1993) 6 Acoetidae Panthalis oerstedi Kinberg, 1856 2 Acoetidae Polyodontes atromarginatus Horst, 1917 2 Acoetidae Polyodontes maxillosus (Ranzani, 1817) 26 Acoetidae Zachsiella nigromaculata (Grube, 1878) Zachsiella striata Buzhinskaja, 1982 236 Alciopidae Alciopa reynaudii Audoine & Milne Edwards, 1833 as Greeia celox (Greeff, 1876) in Fauvel (1939) 2 Alciopidae Alciopina albomaculata (Levinsen, 1885) as Corynocephalus albo-maculatus Levinsen, 1885 (Fauvel, 1939) 2 Alciopidae Alciopina parassitica Claparède & Panceri, 1867 6 Alciopidae Krohnia lepidota (Krohn, 1845) 6 Alciopidae Naiades cantrainii* Delle Chiaje, 1830 Alciopidae Plotohelmis alata Chamberlin, 1919 6 Alciopidae Plotohelmis capitata (Greeff, 1876) 56 Alciopidae Rhynchonereella angelina (Kinberg, 1866) 26 Alciopidae Rhynchonereella fulgens Greeff, 1885 2 180 as N. muricatus Shen & Wu, 1993 in Wu et al. (1997) as Alciopa cantrainii in Fauvel (1936, 1939) 6 7 256 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Alciopidae Rhynchonereella gracilis Costa, 1864 6 Alciopidae Rhynchonereella moebii (Apstein, 1893) 5 Alciopidae Rhynchonereella petersii (Langerhans, 1880) 6 Alciopidae Rhynchonereella xishaensis Shen, 1978 6 Alciopidae Torrea candida (Delle Chiaje, 1841) as Asterope candida (Delle Chiaje, 1841) in Fauvel (1939) 27 Alciopidae Vanadis crystallina Greeff, 1876 as Vanadis augeneri Benham, 1929 in Fauvel (1936) 26 Alciopidae Vanadis formosa Claparède, 1870 Vanadis fuscapunctata Treadwell, 1906 6 Alciopidae Vanadis longissima (Levinsen, 1885) 7 Alciopidae Vanadis minuta Treadwell, 1906 56 Ampharetidae Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860) probable misidentiication 6 Ampharetidae Ampharete arctica Malmgren, 1866 probable misidentiication 6 Ampharetidae Ampharete cf. macrobranchia Caullery, 1944 Ampharetidae Ampharete sp. Nakao et al., 1989 Ampharetidae Amphicteis gunneri (Sars, 1835) probable misidentiication 26 Ampharetidae Amphicteis scaphrobranchiata Moore, 1906 probable misidentiication 6 Ampharetidae Anobothrus cf. gracilis Malmgren, 1866 Ampharetidae Anobothrus sp. Muir & Bamber, 2008 Ampharetidae Auchenoplax crinita Ampharetidae Eclysippe sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Ampharetidae Isolda sibogae Caullery, 1944 Ampharetidae Lysippe labiata Malmgren, 1866 Ampharetidae Melinna fauchaldi Gallardo, 1968 2 Ampharetidae Paramphicteis angustifolia (Grube, 1878) 6 Ampharetidae Paramphicteis cf. weberi (Caullery, 1944) Ampharetidae Pavelius sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Ampharetidae Samytha gurjanovae Uschakov, 1950 probable misidentiication 6 Ampharetidae Samythella dubia (Gallardo, 1968) Eusamytha dubia Gallardo, 1968 2 Amphinomidae Amphinome jukesi Baird, 1868 Amphinome pulchra Horst, 1912 6 2 5 6 6 Ehlers, 1887 25 5 2 probable misidentiication Amphicteis cf. weberi 6 5 5 181 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Amphinomidae Amphinome rostrata (Kinberg, 1867) Amphinome luzoniae Kinberg, 1867; Aphodita rostrata Pallas, 1766 Amphinomidae Chloeia entypa Chamberlin, 1919 3 Amphinomidae Chloeia lava* (Pallas, 1766) 2356 Amphinomidae Chloeia fusca McIntosh, 1885 6 Amphinomidae Chloeia inermis Quatrefages, 1865 6 Amphinomidae Chloeia parva* Baird, 1870 256 Amphinomidae Chloeia rosea Potts, 1909 3 Amphinomidae Chloeia sp. Gallardo, 1967 Amphinomidae Chloeia violacea Horst, 1910 256 Amphinomidae Eurythoe complanata* (Pallas, 1766) 2356 Amphinomidae Eurythoe parvecarunculata Horst, 1912 26 Amphinomidae Hipponoe gaudichaudi Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1830 2 Amphinomidae Linopherus hirsuta (Wesenberg-Lund, 1949) 26 Amphinomidae Linopherus hirsuta (Wesenberg-Lund, 1949) as Pseudeurythoe hirsuta WesenburgLund, 1949 2 Amphinomidae Linopherus oligobranchia (Wu, Shen & Chen, 1975) as Pseudeurythoe oligobranchia Wu, Shen & Chen, 1975 56 Amphinomidae Linopherus paucibranchiata (Fauvel, 1932) as Pseudeurythoe paucibranchiata Fauvel, 1932 (Fauvel, 1939) 2 Amphinomidae Linopherus sp. 2 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 as Pseudeurythoe sp. 2 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Amphinomidae Notopygos gigas Horst, 1911 6 Amphinomidae Notopygos labiatus Fauvel, 1932 3 Amphinomidae Notopygos ornata Grube, 1856 3 Amphinomidae Notopygos sibogae Horst, 1911 6 Amphinomidae Notopygos subpragigas Uschakov & Wu, 1962 6 Amphinomidae Notopygos variabilis Potts, 1909 3 Amphinomidae Paramphinome indica Fauvel, 1932 6 Amphinomidae Pareurythoe borealis (Sars, 1862) Amphinomidae Pherecardia parva Monro, 1924 6 Amphinomidae Pherecardia striata (Kinberg, 1857) 236 Aphroditidae Aphrodita aculeata Linnaeus, 1758 6 Aphroditidae Aphrodita alta Kinberg, 1856 2 Aphroditidae Aphrodita australis Baird, 1865 6 236 2 182 probable misidentiication 6 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Aphroditidae Aphrodita japonica Marenzeller, 1879 6 Aphroditidae Aphrodita sondaica Grube, 1875 4 Aphroditidae Aphrodita talpa Quatrefages, 1865 6 Aphroditidae Laetmonice hystrix (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) Aphroditidae Laetmonice japonica McIntosh, 1855 Aphroditidae Laetmonice producta Grube, 1876 Aphroditidae Pontogenia indica* Grube, 1878 35 Aphroditidae Pontogenia lichancoi Pillai, 1965 3 Aphroditidae Pontogenia macleari (Haswell, 1883) 2 Aphroditidae Pontogenia mcintoshi Monro, 1924 6 Aphroditidae Pontogenia nuda Horst, 1917 26 Aphroditidae Pontogenia obscura (Monro, 1924) 6 Aspidosiphonidae Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) elegans (Chamisso & Eysenhardt, 1821) 26 Aspidosiphonidae Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) gracilis gracilis (Baird, 1868) 2 Aspidosiphonidae Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) muelleri muelleri* Diesing, 1851 256 Aspidosiphonidae Aspidosiphon (Paraspidosiphon) laevis de Quatrefages, 1865 26 Aspidosiphonidae Aspidosiphon (Paraspidosiphon) parvulus Gerould, 1913 2 Aspidosiphonidae Aspidosiphon (Paraspidosiphon) steenstrupii* Diesing, 1859 26 Aspidosiphonidae Aspidosiphon (Paraspidosiphon) tenuis Sluiter, 1886 26 Aspidosiphonidae Cloeosiphon aspergillus (de Quatrefages, 1865) 26 Aspidosiphonidae Lihacrosiphon cristatus cristatus (Sluiter, 1902) 2 Aspidosiphonidae Lithacrosiphon maldivensis Shipley, 1902 6 Capitellidae Anotomastus sp. Gallardo, 1968 Capitellidae Capitella capitata* (Fabricius, 1780) Capitellidae Capitellethus branchiferus Gallardo, 1968 2 Capitellidae Capitellethus cf. dispar (Ehlers, 1907) 6 Capitellidae Dasybranchus caducus (Grube, 1846) 267 Capitellidae Heteromastus iliformis (Claparède, 1864) 6 Capitellidae Heteromastus similis Southern, 1921 26 Capitellidae Leiochrides australis Augener, 1914 5 Capitellidae Leiochrides sp. Gallardo, 1968 Capitellidae Mastobranchus loii as Hermione histrix (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) 236 6 as Laetmatonice producta (Fauvel, 1936) 2 2 probable misidentiication 5 2 Gallardo, 1968 183 2 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Capitellidae Mastobranchus sp. Gallardo, 1968 Capitellidae Mediomastus californiensis Hartman, 1944 6 Capitellidae Mediomastus warrenae Green, 2002 5 Capitellidae Notomastus aberans Day, 1957 26 Capitellidae Notomastus cf. latericeus Sars, 1851 5 Capitellidae Notomastus giganteus Moore, 1906 6 Capitellidae Notomastus hemipodus Hartman, 1947 5 Capitellidae Notomastus latericeus Sars, 1851 26 Capitellidae Notomastus polyodon Gallardo, 1968 2 Capitellidae Notomastus sp. 3 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Capitellidae Notomastus sp. A Gallardo, 1968 2 Capitellidae Notomastus sp. Fauvel, 1936 2 Capitellidae Notomastus sp. Fauvel, 1939 1 Capitellidae Parheteromastus tenuis Monro, 1937 5 Capitellidae Promastobranchus huloti Gallardo, 1968 2 Capitellidae Promastobranchus orbiculatus Green, 2002 5 Capitellidae Scyphoproctus armata (Fauvel, 1929) Capitellidae Scyphoproctus sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Chaetopteridae Chaetopterus variopedatus* (Renier, 1804) 256 Chaetopteridae Mesochaetopterus formosana Nishi & Hsieh, 2009 6 Chaetopteridae Mesochaetopterus selangolus (Nishi, 1999) Chaetopteridae Phyllochaetopterus claparedii McIntosh, 1885 Chaetopteridae Spiochaetopterus costarum (Claparède, 1869) Chrysopetalidae Arichlidon hanneloreae Watson Russell, 1998 26 Chrysopetalidae Bhawania brevis Gallardo, 1968 26 Chrysopetalidae Bhawania cryptocephala Gravier, 1901 26 Chrysopetalidae Bhawania goodei Webster, 1884 36 Chrysopetalidae Chrysopetalum debile (Grube, 1855) Chrysopetalidae Chrysopetalum occidentale Johnson, 1897 6 Chrysopetalidae Paleanotus bellis (Johnson, 1897) 6 Chrysopetalidae Paleanotus chrysolepis Schmarda, 1861 6 2 as Pulliella armata Fauvel, 1929 2 5 184 as Sasekumaria selangora in Ng & Sasekumar (1993) and Paxton & Chou (2000) 5 2 as Spiochaetopterus costarum costarum (Claparède, 1869) as Chrysopetalum ehlersi Gravier, 1902 6 26 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Cirratulidae Aphelochaeta iliformis Keferstein, 1862 as Ciratulus illiformis Keferstein, 1862 6 Cirratulidae Aphelochaeta marioni (Saint-Joseph, 1894) as Tharyx marioni (Saint-Joseph, 1894); probable misidentiication 2 Cirratulidae Aphelochaeta multiilis (Moore, 1909) 6 Cirratulidae Caulleriella cf. typhlops (Willey, 1905) 6 Cirratulidae Caulleriella glabra Gallardo, 1968 2 Cirratulidae Chaetozone lagellifera Gallardo, 1968 2 Cirratulidae Chaetozone maotienae Gallardo, 1968 2 Cirratulidae Chaetozone setosa Malmgren, 1867 Cirratulidae Chaetozone sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Cirratulidae Cirratulus annamensis Gallardo, 1968 Cirratulidae Cirratulus branchiatus Treadwell, 1936 possibly Cirriformia chefooensis (Grube, 1877) according to Hartman (1956) 6 Cirratulidae Cirratulus cirratus* (Müller, 1776) misspelled as Cirratulus cirratulus in Tan & Chou (1993), Paxton & Chou (2002), and Can (2009); probable misidentiication 25 Cirratulidae Cirratulus zebuensis McIntosh, 1885 6 Cirratulidae Cirriformia chrysodermoides Pillai, 1965 3 Cirratulidae Cirriformia iligera (Delle Chiaje, 1828) 6 Cirratulidae Cirriformia semicincta (Ehlers, 1905) Cirratulidae Cirriformia sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Cirratulidae Cirriformia tentaculata (Montagu, 1808) Cirratulidae Dodecaceria fewkesi Berkeley & Berkeley, 1954 Cirratulidae Dodecaceria istulicola Ehlers, 1901 Cirratulidae Dodecaceria sp. Fauvel, 1939 Cirratulidae Monticellina sp. 1 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Cirratulidae Monticellina sp. 2 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Cirratulidae Protocirrineris chrysoderma probable misidentiication 6 5 25 as Audouinia semicincta Ehlers, 1905 2 5 (Claparède, 1868) 185 probable misidentiication 56 6 probable misidentiication 2 Reported as ?Heterocirrus sp. in Fauvel (1939) 2 as Cirratulus chrysoderma (Claparède, 1868) 2 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Cirratulidae Tharyx ilibranchia Day, 1961 probable misidentiication Cirratulidae Tharyx sp. A Gallardo, 1968 26 Cirratulidae Tharyx sp. B Gallardo, 1968 2 Cirratulidae Tharyx sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Cirratulidae Tharyx sp. Nakao et al., 1989 5 Cirratulidae Timarte punctata (Grube, 1859) Cossuridae Cossura coasta Kitamori, 1960 6 Cossuridae Cossura dimorpha (Hartman, 1976) 56 Dorvilleidae Dorvillea australiensis (McIntosh, 1885) as Papilliodorvillea australiensis in Wu et al. (1980) and Wu et al. (1975) 6 Dorvilleidae Dorvillea brevipinnis (Grube, 1878) as Staurocephalus brevipinnis Grube, 1855 5 Dorvilleidae Dorvillea ilicornis (Grube, 1878) Dorvilleidae Dorvillea rubrovittata (Grube, 1855) Dorvilleidae Protodorvillea sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Dorvilleidae Schistomeringos incerta (Schmarda, 1861) Dorvilleidae Schistomeringos japonica (Annenkova, 1937) Dorvilleidae Schistomeringos rudolphi (Delle Chiaje, 1828) Echiuridae Anelassorhynchus inanensis (Ikeda, 1904) 26 Echiuridae Anelassorhynchus sabinus (Lanchester, 1905) 1?6 Echiuridae Anelassorhynchus vegrandis (Lampert, 1883) 3 Echiuridae Listriolobus sorbillans (Lampert, 1883) 3 Echiuridae Ochetostoma erythrogrammon Leuckart & Ruppell, 1828 26 Echiuridae Ochetostoma formosulum (Lampert, 1883) 3 Echiuridae Ochetostoma fuscum Ikeda, 1904 6 Echiuridae Ochetostoma grifini (Wharton, 1913) 3 Echiuridae Ochetostoma indosinense Wesenberg-Lund, 1939 2 as Cirriformia punctata (Grube, 1859) 6 6 5 as Staurocephalus rubrovittatus Grube, 1855 in Fauvel (1939); probable misidentiication 2 5 186 as Dorvillea incerta in Gallardo (1968); probable misidentiication 26 6 as Staurocephalus rudolphii (Delle Chiaje, 1828) in Fauvel (1939) 2 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Echiuridae Thalassema mortenseni Fischer, 1923 Eulepethidae Pareulepis hamifera (Grube, 1875) Eulepethidae Pareulepis malayana (Horst, 1913) 25 Eunicidae Eunice afra Peters, 1854 26 Eunicidae Eunice aphroditois* (Pallas, 1788) 256 Eunicidae Eunice australis Quatrefages, 1865 26 Eunicidae Eunice borneensis (Grube, 1878) 3 Eunicidae Eunice carrerai Wu, Sun, Liu & Xu, 2013 26 Eunicidae Eunice coccinea Grube, 1878 56 Eunicidae Eunice coccinioides* Augener, 1922 5 Eunicidae Eunice collini Augener, 1906 67 Eunicidae Eunice dilatata Grube, 1877 26 Eunicidae Eunice loridana (Pourtalès, 1867) 2 Eunicidae Eunice grubei* Gravier, 1900 25 Eunicidae Eunice hainanensis Wu, Sun, Liu & Xu, 2013 2 Eunicidae Eunice hirschi* Fauchald, 1992 Eunicidae Eunice indica Kinberg, 1865 235 Eunicidae Eunice jagori Grube, 1878 3 Eunicidae Eunice levibranchia (Hoagland, 1920) 3 Eunicidae Eunice lucei* (Grube, 1856) Eunicidae Eunice marenzelleri Gravier, 1900 6 Eunicidae Eunice medicina Moore, 1903 26 Eunicidae Eunice multicylidri Shisko, 1981 26 Eunicidae Eunice nesiotes* (Chamberlin, 1919) 5 Eunicidae Eunice sp. 2 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Eunicidae Eunice sp. A Ong Che, Qiu & Wu, 1998 6 Eunicidae Eunice sp. Gallardo, 1968 2 Eunicidae Eunice sp. Mak, 1980 6 Eunicidae Eunice tentaculata Kinberg, 1865 25 Eunicidae Eunice uschakovi Wu, Sun & Liu, 2013 26 Eunicidae Eunice vitatta delle Chiaje, 1828 2 Eunicidae Eunice wasinensis Fauchald, 1992 187 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family 6 as Eulepis hamifera in Fauvel (1939) Eunice cf. hirschi in Lee & Glasby (2013) probably belongs to this species probable misidentiication as Eunice (Nicidion) gracilis (Crossland, 1904) in Fauvel (1939) 26 5 5 2 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Eunicidae Euniphysa aculeata* Wesenberg-Lund, 1949 synonym Euniphysa unicusa Shen & Wu, 1990 (after Lu & Fauchald 2000) 25 Eunicidae Euniphysa falciseta (Shen & Wu, 1990) originally described as Paraeuniphysa falciseta Shen & Wu, 1990 7 Eunicidae Euniphysa ilibranchia Lu & Fauchald, 2000 Eunicidae Euniphysa spinea (Miura, 1977) Euniphysa oculata Wu, Sun & Chen, 1979 after Lu & Fauchald (2000); also Paraeuniphysa spinea Shen & Wu, 1991 6 Eunicidae Euniphysa taiwanensis (Wu & He, 1988) originally Paraeuniphysa taiwanensis Wu & He, 1988 6 Eunicidae Euniphysa tridontesa (Shen & Wu, 1990) originally Heterophysa tridontesa Shen & Wu, 1990 2 Eunicidae Leodice antennata* (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) as Eunice antennata (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) 2356 Eunicidae Lysidice collaris* Grube, 1870 as Lysidice ninetta collaris in Sun et al. (1978) and Wu et al. (1975); synonym Lysidice lunae Kinberg, 1865 2356 Eunicidae Lysidice ninetta Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 Eunicidae Lysidice unicornis (Grube, 1840) Eunicidae Marphysa adenensis Gravier, 1900 6 Eunicidae Marphysa bellii (Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833) 126 Eunicidae Marphysa bifurcata Kott, 1951 2 Eunicidae Marphysa depressa (Schmarda, 1861) 6 Eunicidae Marphysa digitibranchia Hoagland, 1920 6 Eunicidae Marphysa disjuncta* Hartman, 1961 5 Eunicidae Marphysa gravelyi Southern, 1921 3 Eunicidae Marphysa macintoshi* Crossland, 1903 56 Eunicidae Marphysa moribiddi Idris, Hutchings & Arshad, 2014 5 188 7 6 as Nematonereis unicornis (Grube, 1840) 26 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Eunicidae Marphysa mossambica* (Peters, 1854) synonym Nauphanta mossambica; identities of specimens of M. mossambica in the SCS region should be checked (Idris et al. 2014) 56 Eunicidae Marphysa orientalis Treadwell, 1936 as Paramyphysa orientalis (Treadwell, 1936) in Wiley (1905) 26 Eunicidae Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu, 1815) probable misidentiication 26 Eunicidae Marphysa sinensis Monro, 1934 Eunicidae Marphysa sp. Gallardo, 1968 Eunicidae Marphysa sp. Mak, 1980 Eunicidae Marphysa stragulum (Grube, 1878) Eunicidae Nicidion cincta (Kinberg, 1865) Eunicidae Nicidion megabalanicola Hsueh & Yan-Huei, 2014 Eunicidae Palola edentulum (Ehlers, 1901) as Nicidion edentulum Ehlers, 1901; probable misidentiication 2 Eunicidae Palola siciliensis (Grube, 1840) as Eunice siciliensis Grube, 1840 6 Euphrosinidae Euphrosine foliosa Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 probable misidentiication 6 Euphrosinidae Euphrosine myrtosa Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 Euphrosinidae Euphrosine sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Fabriciidae Fabricinuda longilabrum Fabriciidae Fabricinuda sp. Fitzhugh, 2002b Fabriciidae Pseudofabriciola ilaris Flabelligeridae Brada sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Flabelligeridae Brada villosa (Rathke, 1843) probable misidentiication 6 Flabelligeridae Daylithos parmatus (Grube, 1877) as Stylarioides parmatus by Fauvel (1936); Pherusa parmata by Yang & Sun (1988); Mak (1980, 1982) 26 Flabelligeridae Diplocirrus erythroporus Gallardo, 1968 25 Flabelligeridae Pherusa curvusetis (Caullery, 1914) 236 Flabelligeridae Pherusa monroi* (Day, 1957) 5 6 2 as Paramyphysa sp. Mak, 1980 6 6 as Eunice cincta (Kinberg, 1865) 6 6 26 5 Fitzhugh, 1990 1 1 Fitzhugh, 2002b 1 5 189 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Flabelligeridae Pherusa sp. A Gallardo, 1968 25 Flabelligeridae Pherusa sp. A Ong Che, Qiu & Wu, 1998 6 Flabelligeridae Piromis congoense (Grube, 1877) Flabelligeridae Piromis indica (Fauvel, 1928) Flabelligeridae Piromis sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Flabelligeridae Piromis suni Salazar-Vallejo, 2011 Flabelligeridae Pycnoderma ferruginea (Gallardo, 1968) as Brada ferruginea Gallardo, 1968 in Paxton & Chou (2000); Piromis congoensis (Grube, 1877) in Gallardo (1968) 2 Flabelligeridae Pycnoderma talahsapensis (Fauvel, 1932) Brada talahsapensis Fauvel, 1932 125 Glyceridae Glycera adspersa Fauvel, 1939 as Glycera alba var. adspersa Fauvel, 1939 2 Glyceridae Glycera alba (Müller, 1776) Glyceridae Glycera capitata Örsted, 1843 Glyceridae Glycera cf. lapidum Quatrefages, 1866 2 Glyceridae Glycera chirori Izuka, 1912 6 Glyceridae Glycera cinnamomea Grube, 1874 Glyceridae Glycera decipiens Marenzeller, 1879 6 Glyceridae Glycera lancadivae Schmarda, 1861 6 Glyceridae Glycera longipinnis Grube, 1878 2 Glyceridae Glycera macintoshi Grube, 1877 5 Glyceridae Glycera madagascariensis Böggemann & Fiege, 2001 5 Glyceridae Glycera nicobarica* Grube, 1868 25 Glyceridae Glycera onomichiensis Izuka, 1912 256 Glyceridae Glycera parashadi Fauvel, 1932 Glyceridae Glycera posterobranchia Hoagland, 1920 Glyceridae Glycera rouxii* Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 Glyceridae Glycera sagittariae McIntosh, 1855 Glyceridae Glycera sp. Gallardo, 1968 2 as Pherusa eruca indica (Fauvel, 1928) 25 5 2 2 probable misidentiication Glycera manorae Fauvel, 1932 Misspelled as Glycera prashadi Fauvel in Fauvel (1939), Wu et al. (1975), and Wu et al. (1997) 2 2 126 23 probable misidentiication 256 6 2 190 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Glyceridae Glycera sp. Wu et al., 1975 Glyceridae Glycera subanenea Grube, 1878 26 Glyceridae Glycera tesselata Grube, 1840 256 Glyceridae Glycera tridactyla* Schmarda, 1861 Golingiidae Golingia (Golingia) elongata (Keferstein, 1862) 26 Golingiidae Golingia (Golingia) vulgaris vulgaris (de Blainville, 1827) 256 Golingiidae Nephasoma (Nephasoma) pellucidum pellucidum (Keferstein, 1865) 25 Golingiidae Thysanocardia nigra (Ikeda, 1904) 6 Golingiidae Thysanocardia catharinae (Grube, 1868) 2 Goniadidae Glycinde gurjanovae Uschakov & Wu, 1962 6 Goniadidae Glycinde oligodon Southern, 1921 25 Goniadidae Goniada annulata Moore, 1905 6 Goniadidae Goniada cf. maculata* Örsted, 1843 56 Goniadidae Goniada emerita Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 6 Goniadidae Goniada japonica* Izuka, 1912 56 Goniadidae Goniada maculata Örsted, 1843 2 Goniadidae Goniada multidentata Arwidsson, 1899 Goniadidae Goniada paucidens Grube, 1878 6 Goniadidae Goniada tridens Gallardo, 1968 2 Goniadidae Goniada uncinigera Ehlers, 1901 2 Hartmaniellidae Hartmaniella fujianensis He & Wu, 1986 6 Hartmaniellidae Hartmaniella sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Hesionidae Bonuania parva Pillai, 1965 3 Hesionidae Gyptis labatus (Hessle, 1925) 6 Hesionidae Gyptis paciicus (Hessle, 1925) 2 Hesionidae Gyptis sp. A Ong Che, Qiu & Wu, 1998 6 Hesionidae Gyptis sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Hesionidae Hesione genetta 6 synonym Glycera convoluta Keferstein, 1862; Records of G. alba in Paxton & Chou (2000) should probably refer to this species according to Böggemann, Fiege & Sun (1999) probable misidentiication 256 26 5 Grube, 1866 191 6 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Hesionidae Hesione intertexta Grube, 1878 236 Hesionidae Hesione pantherina Risso, 1826 26 Hesionidae Hesione splendida Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 26 Hesionidae Heteropodarke xiamenensis Ding, Wu & Westheide, 1997 6 Hesionidae Kefersteinia cirrata (Keferstein, 1862) 2 Hesionidae Leocrates chinensis Kinberg, 1866 26 Hesionidae Leocrates claparedii* (Costa in Claparède, 1868) Hesionidae Leocrates diplognathus Monro, 1926 26 Hesionidae Leocrates papillosus Monro, 1926 6 Hesionidae Leocrates wesenberglundae Pettibone, 1970a 5 Hesionidae Micropodarke dubia (Hessle, 1925) Hesionidae Neogyptis hongkongensis Pleijel, Rouse, Sundkvist & Nygren, 2012 Hesionidae Oxydromus agilis (Ehlers, 1864) as Ophiodromus agilis Ehlers, 1864 2 Hesionidae Oxydromus angustifrons (Grube, 1878) as Ophiodromus angustifrons (Grube, 1878) 2 Hesionidae Oxydromus angustifrons (Grube, 1878) as Podarke angustifrons (Grube, 1878) 2 Hesionidae Oxydromus berrisfordi (Day, 1967) as Ophiodromus berrisfordi Day, 1967 2 Hesionidae Oxydromus cf. obscurus (Verrill, 1837) as Ophiodromus cf. obscura (Verrill, 1873) in Sun & Yang (2004) and Yang & Sun (1988). Also as Podarke cf. obscura; 6 Hesionidae Oxydromus latifrons* (Grube, 1878) as Podarke latifrons Grube, 1878 25 Hesionidae Oxydromus pugettensis (Johnson, 1901) as Ophiodromus pugettensis Johnson, 1901 6 Hesionidae Oxydromus sp. 1 Britayev & Antokhina, 2012 2 Hesionidae Oxydromus sp. 2 Britayev & Antokhina, 2012 2 Hesionidae Oxydromus sp. 3 Britayev & Antokhina, 2012 2 Hesionidae Oxydromus sp. 4 Britayev & Antokhina, 2012 2 192 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Leocrates giardi Gravier 1900 Possibly same as Micropodarke sp. A of Ong Che, Qiu & Wu (1998) 256 6 6 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Hesionidae Oxydromus sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Hesionidae Parahesione sp. Britayev & Antokhina, 2012 2 Hesionidae Psamathe sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Hesionidae Sinohesione genitaliphora Westheide, Purschke & Mangerich, 1994 12 Hesionidae Syllidia anchoragnatha Sun & Yang, 2004 6 Hesionidae Syllidia armata Quatrefages, 1866 Hesionidae Syllidia hongkongensis Ruta & Pleijel, 2006 6 Heterospionidae Heterospio sinica Wu & Chen, 1966 6 Iospilidae Phalacrophorus pictus Greeff, 1879 26 Iospilidae Phalocrophorus uniformis Reibisch, 1895 26 Iphionidae Iphione malifera Piotrowski, 2014 3 Iphionidae Iphione muricata* (Savigny in Lamark, 1818) 2356 Iphionidae Iphione ovata Kinberg, 1856 26 Lacydoniidae Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel, 1913 26 Lopadorrhynchidae Lopadorrhynchus brevis Grube, 1855 6 Lopadorrhynchidae Lopadorrhynchus krohni (Claparède, 1870) Lopadorrhynchidae Lopadorrhynchus nationalis Reibisch, 1895 6 Lopadorrhynchidae Lopadorrhynchus tuberculus Shen, 1978 6 Lopadorrhynchidae Lopadorrhynchus uncinatus Fauvel, 1915 26 Lopadorrhynchidae Maupasia coeca Vignier, 1886 26 Lopadorrhynchidae Pedinosoma curtum Reibisch, 1895 6 Lopadorrhynchidae Pelagobia longicirrata Greeff, 1879 267 Lopadorrhynchidae Prolopadorrhynchus nationalis (Reibisch, 1895) 26 Lumbrineridae Abyssoninoe sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Lumbrineridae Augeneria albidentata (Ehlers, 1908) 6 Lumbrineridae Eranno carrerai Cai & Li, 2011 6 Lumbrineridae Gallardoneris shiinoi (Gallardo, 1968) 26 Lumbrineridae Gallardoneris thailandensis Carrera-Parra, 2006 1 Lumbrineridae Helmutneris labellicola (Fage, 1936) 6 Lumbrineridae Loboneris pterignatha (Gallardo, 1968) 2 Lumbrineridae Lumbrinereis debilis Grube, 1878 Lumbrineridae Lumbrinerides sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 probable misidentiication as L. krohnii (Claparède, 1870) in Wu et al. (1997) 26 6 5 as Lumbriconeris debilis Grube, 1878 2 5 193 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris acutiformis Gallardo, 1968 2 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris amboinensis Grube, 1877 2 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris bifurcata McIntosh, 1885 6 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris caudaensis Gallardo, 1968 2 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris cf. cruzensis Hartman, 1944 6 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris hartmani* (Day, 1953) 5 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris heteropoda (Marenzeller, 1879) Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris indica Kinberg, 1865 5 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris inlata Moore, 1911 6 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris japonica (Marenzeller, 1879) 2 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris latreilli* Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 probable misidentiication 56 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris mando Crossland, 1924 as Ninoe mando (Crossland, 1924) 2 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris mucronata (Ehlers, 1908) 26 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris notocirrata (Fauvel, 1932) 2 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris simplex Southern, 1921 6 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris sp. Gallardo, 1968 Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris sphaerocephala (Schmarda, 1861) Lumbrineridae Lumbrineris sphaerocephala (Schmarda, 1861) 6 Lumbrineridae Ninoe bruuni Gallardo, 1968 25 Lumbrineridae Scoletoma impatiens (Claparède, 1868) Lumbrineridae Sergioneris nagae (Gallardo, 1968) 26 Magelonidae Magelona cincta Ehlers, 1908 56 Magelonidae Magelona crenulifrons Gallardo, 1968 256 Magelonidae Magelona gemmata Mortimer & Mackie, 2003 5 Magelonidae Magelona japonica Okuda, 1937 26 Magelonidae Magelona koreana Okuda, 1937 2 Magelonidae Magelona lenticulata Gallardo, 1968 2 Magelonidae Magelona methae Nateewathana & Hylleberg, 1991 6 Magelonidae Magelona rosea Moore, 1907 2 Magelonidae Magelona sp. Wu & Sun, 1978 Maldanidae Asychis cf. gangeticus Fauvel, 1932 6 Maldanidae Asychis gotoi (Izuka, 1902) 6 as Lumbriconeris heteropoda Maranzeller, 1879 26 2 as Lumbriconeris sphaerocephala Schmarda, 1861 as Lumbrineris impatiens Claparède, 1868 26 2 6 194 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Maldanidae Clymenella cincta (Saint-Joseph, 1894) 6 Maldanidae Euclymene annandalei Southern, 1921 256 Maldanidae Euclymene insecta (Ehlers, 1905) 2 Maldanidae Euclymene lombricoides* (Quatrefages, 1865) 5 Maldanidae Euclymene sp. Nakao et al. 1989 Maldanidae Eucylmene lombricoides (Quatrefages, 1865) 56 Maldanidae Maldane sarsi Malmgren, 1865 6 Maldanidae Maldanella sp. Gallardo, 1968 Maldanidae Petaloproctus cf. terricolus Quatrefages, 1865 6 Maldanidae Praxillella cf. afinis (Sars, 1872) 6 Maldanidae Praxillella gracilis (Sars, 1862) 26 Maldanidae Sabaco maculatus Kinberg, 1867 5 Maldanidae Sabaco steineri Light, 1991 1 Myzostomatidae Contramyzostoma bialatum* Eeckhaut & Jangoux, 1995 5 Myzostomatidae Myzostoma antennatum Graff, 1884 6 Myzostomatidae Myzostoma brachiatum* Graff, 1877 35 Myzostomatidae Myzostoma capitocutis* Eeckhaut, van den Spiegel & Grygier, 1994 5 Myzostomatidae Myzostoma echinus Graff, 1884 6 Myzostomatidae Myzostoma elegans* Graff, 1877 35 Myzostomatidae Myzostoma horologium* Graff, 1884 35 Myzostomatidae Myzostoma jagersteni* Eeckhaut, van den Spiegel & Grygier, 1994 5 Myzostomatidae Myzostoma longicirrum* Graff, 1887 5 Myzostomatidae Myzostoma singaporense* Eeckhaut, van den Spiegel & Grygier, 1994 5 Myzostomatidae Myzostoma stochoeides* Atkins, 1927 5 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus cf. jeffreysii (McIntosh, 1885) 6 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus cf. vietnamensis sensu Al-Hakim & Glasby (2004) 25 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus dibranchis* (Grube, 1877) 56 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus dicirroides Fauchald, 1967(1968) 26 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus jeffreysii (McIntosh, 1885) 2 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus lobatus Imajima & Takeda, 1985 6 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus lyratus Kinberg, 1866 5 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus lyrochaeta (Fauvel, 1902) 6 5 2 195 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Nephtyidae Aglaophamus munamaorii Gibbs, 1971 6 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus orientalis Fauchald, 1967(1968) 2 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus phuketensis Nateewathana & Hylleberg, 1985 2 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus sinensis (Fauvel, 1932) 26 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus sp. Shin, 1982a 6 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus tepens Fauchald, 1967(1968) 25 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus toloensis Ohwada, 1992 6 Nephtyidae Aglaophamus vietnamensis Fauchald, 1967(1968) 2 Nephtyidae Inermonephtys cf. gallardi sensu Sun & Yang, 2004 2 Nephtyidae Inermonephtys gallardi Fauchald, 1967(1968) 2 Nephtyidae Inermonephtys inermis (Ehlers, 1887) 26 Nephtyidae Inermonephtys palpata Paxton, 1974 2 Nephtyidae Micronephtys oculifera Mackie, 2000 probably Micronephtys sp. of Al-Hakim & Glasby (2004) 56 Nephtyidae Micronephtys sphaerocirrata* (Wesenberg-Lund, 1949) Nephtys sphaerocirrata in Chan (2009) 256 Nephtyidae Nephtys californiensis Hartman, 1938 26 Nephtyidae Nephtys cf. punctata Hartman, 1938 5 Nephtyidae Nephtys hombergi Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 2 Nephtyidae Nephtys oligobranchia Southern, 1921 256 Nephtyidae Nephtys polybranchia Southern, 1921 26 Nephtyidae Nephtys sp. Fauvel, 1936 2 Nephtyidae Nephtys sp. Fauvel, 1939 2 Nereididae Alitta oxypoda Nereididae Ceratocephale sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Nereididae Ceratonereis dorsolineata (Horst, 1924) 25 Nereididae Ceratonereis imperfecta (Gravier & Dantan, 1934) 2 Nereididae Ceratonereis incisa Gravier & Dantan, 1934 2 Nereididae Ceratonereis japonica Imajima, 1972 6 (Marenzeller, 1879) Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family synonym Nereis oxypoda (Marenzeller, 1879) 2 5 196 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Nereididae Ceratonereis marmorata Horst, 1924 as Nereis (Ceratonereis) marmorata in Fauvel (1939) 26 Nereididae Ceratonereis mirabilis* Kinberg, 1866 as Nereis (Ceratonereis) mirabilis in Fauvel (1939) 256 Nereididae Ceratonereis sp. B Gravier & Dantan, 1931 as Nereis (Ceratonereis) sp. B Gravier & Dantan, 1931 2 Nereididae Ceratonereis sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Nereididae Ceratonereis tripartita Horst, 1918 6 Nereididae Composetia coracina (Grube, 1878) 5 Nereididae Composetia costae (Grube, 1840) as Nereis (Ceratonereis) costae in Fauvel (1939) 26 Nereididae Composetia hastifera (Fauvel, 1937) as Ceratonereis hastifera Fauvel, 1937 12 Nereididae Composetia hircinicola* (Eisig, 1870) as Ceratonereis hircinicola Eisig, 1870 56 Nereididae Dendronereides heteropoda* Southern, 1921 5 Nereididae Dendronereides zululandica* Day, 1951 5 Nereididae Dendronereis arborifera* (Peters, 1855) 5 Nereididae Dendronereis pinnaticirris Grube, 1878 236 Nereididae Gymnonereis cf. fauveli sensu Hylleberg & Nateewathana, 1988 1 Nereididae Gymnonereis cf. fauveli sensu Ong Che, Qiu & Wu (1998); 156 Nereididae Gymnonereis fauveli* (Pillai, 1961) Nereididae Gymnonereis phuketensis Hylleberg & Nateewathana, 1998 5 Nereididae Gymnonereis sibogae (Horst, 1918) 2 Nereididae Gymnonereis sinica Shen & Wu, 1993 as Tambalagamia sinica Shen & Wu, 1993 7 Nereididae Hediste diversicolor (Müller, 1776) as Neanthes diversicolor (Müller, 1776); probably a misidentiication 3 Nereididae Leonnates decipiens* Fauvel, 1929 Leonnates decipiens var. manilensis Pillai, 1965 2356 Nereididae Leonnates indicus Kinberg, 1866 synonymous with Leonnates jousseaumei Gravier, 1899 (Qiu & Qian 2000) 256 Nereididae Leonnates insolitus Gravier & Dantan, 1934 questionable record based on metamorphosed sexually mature specimen. 2 5 197 as Tambalagamia fauveli Pillai, 1961 1256 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Nereididae Leonnates jousseaumei* Gravier, 1911 256 Nereididae Leonnates nipponicus Imajima, 1972 6 Nereididae Leonnates persicus Wesenberg-Lund, 1949 Nereididae Leonnates sp. Mak, 1980 Nereididae Leonnates stephensoni* Rullier, 1965 25 Nereididae Namalycastis abiuma species group* (Grube, 1872) 256 Nereididae Namalycastis fauveli Nageswara Rao, 1981 Nereididae Namalycastis indica (Southern, 1921) 1 Nereididae Namalycastis rhodochorde Glasby, Miura, Nishi & Junardi, 2007 245 Nereididae Namalycastis rigida Pillai, 1965 member of the Namalycastis abiuma species group 3 Nereididae Namalycastis terrestris (Plugfelder, 1933) member of the Namalycastis abiuma species group 2 Nereididae Neanthes arenaceodentata (Moore, 1903) 2 Nereididae Neanthes bongcoi Pillai, 1965 3 Nereididae Neanthes caudata (delle Chiaje, 1927) as Neanthes arenaceodentata (Moore, 1903) (Paxton & Chou (2000); this species has since been synonymised with Neanthes caudata (delle Chiaje, 1927) (see Muir & Bamber (2008)) 267 Nereididae Neanthes cricognatha (Ehlers, 1905) Reported as Nectoneanthes sp. 5 Nereididae Neanthes dawydovi (Fauvel, 1937) Nereididae Neanthes glandicincta* Southern, 1921 Nereididae Neanthes maculata Wu, Sun & Yang, 1981 6 Nereididae Neanthes manatensis Pillai, 1965 3 Nereididae Neanthes nanhaiensis Wu, Sun & Yang, 1981 26 as Leonnates persica Wesenberg-Lund, 1949 in Shin (1982a) and Wu et al. (1985) 256 6 198 Namalycastis tachinensis Rosendfeldt, 1984 1 12 synonym Ceratonereis burmensis as in Chan (2009) and C. cf. burmensis as in Sun et al. (1978); as Nereis glandicincta in Fauvel (1939) 256 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Nereididae Neanthes pachychaeta (Fauvel, 1918) as Ceratonereis anchylochaeta (Horst, 1924) and Nereis (Lycoris) ancylochaeta in Glasby, Wilson & Bakken (2011); as Ceratonereis pachychaeta Fauvel, 1918 in Sun et al. (1978) Nereididae Neanthes sp. Mak, 1980 Nereididae Neanthes unifasciata (Willey, 1905) Nereididae Neanthes wilsonchani* Lee & Glasby, 2015 reported as Ceratonereis burmensis in Chan (2009) 5 Nereididae Nectoneanthes oxypoda (Marenzeller, 1879) Nectoneanthes donghaiensis He, 1987; Nectoneanthes ijimai (Izuka, 1912); Nectoneanthes latipoda Paik, 1973; Nectoneanthes multignatha Wu, Sun, Yang, 1981; Nectoneanthes legeri (Gravier & Danton, 1934); probably also includes also N. cf. oxypoda of Shin (1982) 26 Nereididae Nereis amoyensis (Treadwell, 1936) 6 Nereididae Nereis augeneri Gravier & Dantan, 1934 2 Nereididae Nereis coutieri Gravier, 1899 26 Nereididae Nereis dayana Shen & Sun in Sun, Wu & Shen (1978) 6 Nereididae Nereis denhamensis Augener, 1913 6 Nereididae Nereis ezoensis Izuka, 1912 2 Nereididae Nereis falcaria (Willey, 1905) Nereididae Nereis fauveli Gravier & Dantan, 1934 2 Nereididae Nereis guangdongensis Wu, Sun & Yang, 1981 6 Nereididae Nereis hainanica Khlebovich, 1963 26 Nereididae Nereis heteromorpha Horst, 1924 6 Nereididae Nereis indica Kinberg, 1866 5 Nereididae Nereis jacksoni Kinberg, 1866 267 Nereididae Nereis multignatha Imajima & Hartman, 1964 6 Nereididae Nereis nichollsi Kott, 1951 26 26 6 199 26 as Nereis kauderni Fauvel, 1921 in Fauvel (1936) 26 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Nereididae Nereis nigripes Ehlers, 1868 2 Nereididae Nereis obscura Gravier & Danton, 1934 2 Nereididae Nereis pelagica Linnaeus, 1758 probably a misidentifcation 6 Nereididae Nereis persica Fauvel, 1911 as Nereis zonatapersica Fauvel, 1911 in Fauvel (1936, 1939) 267 Nereididae Nereis rava Ehlers, 1864 2 Nereididae Nereis semperiana (Grube, 1878) 23 Nereididae Nereis sinensis Wu et al, 1985 6 Nereididae Nereis sp. A Bamber & Muir, 2008 6 Nereididae Nereis sp. B Bamber & Muir, 2008 6 Nereididae Nereis surugaense nanhaiensis Shen & Sun in Sun, Wu & Shen (1978) 6 Nereididae Nereis talehsapensis Fauvel, 1932 1 Nereididae Nereis torta Fauvel, 1934 2 Nereididae Nereis trifasciata Grube, 1878 26 Nereididae Nereis unifasciata Willey, 1905 26 Nereididae Nereis zhongshaensis Shen & Sun in Sun, Wu & Shen (1978) 6 Nereididae Nereis zonata Malmgren, 1867 6 Nereididae Nicon japonicus Imajima, 1972 Nereididae Nicon maculata Kinberg, 1866 26 Nereididae Nicon sinica Wu & Sun, 1979 26 Nereididae Paraleonnates uschakovi* Khlebovitch & Wu, 1967 Periserrula leucophryna Paik, 1977; Paraleonnates sp. Chan, 2009 12456 Nereididae Perinereis aibuhitensis* Grube, 1878 some records of P. aibuhitensis may be referrable to P. linea (Arias et al., 2013) 256 Nereididae Perinereis barbara* Monro, 1926 Nereididae Perinereis brevicirris* (Grube, 1878) Nereididae Perinereis calmani Monro, 1926 6 Nereididae Perinereis camiguinoides Augener, 1922 6 Nereididae Perinereis cavifrons Ehlers, 1920 6 Nereididae Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840) 200 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family as N. japonicus Imajima, 1972 in Wu et al. (1985) 6 5 also known as Perinereis nuntia var. brevicirris probable misidentiication 56 26 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Nereididae Perinereis loridana Ehlers, 1868 also known as Perinereis cultrifera loridana 26 Nereididae Perinereis helleri Grube, 1878 also known as Perinereis cultrifera helleri; Perinereis camiguina Grube, 1878 2 Nereididae Perinereis linea (Treadwell, 1936) possibly Perinereis orientalis (Treadwell, 1936) 6 Nereididae Perinereis majungaensis Fauvel, 1918 also known as Perinereis nuntia var. majungaensis 26 Nereididae Perinereis mictodonta (Marenzeller, 1879) as Perinereis sp. 1 Chen et al. 2002; as Perinereis nuntia brevicirris in Paxton & Chou (2000); synonymised with P. mictodonta by Glasby & Hsieh (2006) 26 Nereididae Perinereis nigropunctata (Horst, 1889) Perinereis striolata sensu Hylleberg et al., 1986 1 Nereididae Perinereis nuntia (Savigny, 1818) as Perinereis nuntia typica (Savigny, 1818) in Wu et al. (1985) 256 Nereididae Perinereis obfuscata Grube, 1878 also known as Perinereis cultrifera obfuscata 2 Nereididae Perinereis perspicillata* Grube, 1878 also known as Perinereis cultrifera perspicillata 256 Nereididae Perinereis quatrefagesi (Grube, 1878) perhaps synonym of P. nuntia 1 Nereididae Perinereis rhombodonta* Wu, Sun & Yang, 1981 56 Nereididae Perinereis singaporiensis* (Grube, 1878) 5 Nereididae Perinereis sp. A Ong Che, Qiu & Wu, 1998 Nereididae Perinereis striolata* Grube, 1878 Nereididae Perinereis suluana Horst, 1924 26 Nereididae Perinereis tenuisetis Fauvel 2 Nereididae Perinereis vallata (Grube, 1857) also known as Perinereis nuntia var. vallata 26 Nereididae Perinereis vancaurica* (Ehlers, 1868) Perinereis sp. Shin, 1982a 256 Nereididae Perinereis viridis* Glasby & Hsieh, 2006 Perineris sp. 2 Wilson & Glasby, 1993 5 6 201 Perinereis cultrifera striolata 256 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Nereididae Perinereis weijhouensis Wu, Sun & Yang, 1981 possibly a synonym of Perinereis nuntia or P. quatrefagesi 6 Nereididae Perinereis wilsoni Glasby & Hsieh, 2006 as Perinereis nuntia vallata in Paxton & Chou (2000) and Wu et al., 1985 26 Nereididae Platynereis abnormis (Horst, 1924) as Nereis abnormis (Horst , 1924) 26 Nereididae Platynereis bicanaliculata (Baird, 1863) Nereididae Platynereis dumerilli (Audouin & Edward, 1833) Nereididae Platynereis polyscalma Chamberlin, 1919 27 Nereididae Platynereis pulchella Gravier, 1902 2 Nereididae Platynereis sinica Shen & Sun in Sun, Wu & Shen (1978) 6 Nereididae Platynereis sp. A Gravier & Dantan Nereididae Pseudonereis anomala Gravier, 1902 26 Nereididae Pseudonereis gallapagensis Kinberg, 1866 26 Nereididae Pseudonereis variegata (Grube, 1857) 26 Nereididae Rullierinereis gallardoi Pettibone, 1971 2 Nereididae Rullierinereis misakiensis (Imajima & Hayashi, 1972) 6 Nereididae Simplisetia erythraeensis (Fauvel, 1918) Nereididae Sinonereis heteropoda Wu & Sun, 1979 6 Nereididae Tylonereis bogoyawlenskyi* Fauvel, 1911 256 Nereididae Tylonereis heterochaeta* Tan & Chou, 1994 5 Nereididae Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus (Quatrefages, 1866) Nerillidae Leptonerilla diplocirrata Westheide & Purschke, 1996 6 Oenonidae Arabella iricolor* (Montague, 1804) 25 Oenonidae Arabella mutans (Chamberlin, 1919) 6 Oenonidae Arabella novecrinita Crossland, 1924 Oenonidae Arabella sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Oenonidae Drilonereis ?paucidentata 26 probable misidentiication 26 2 Treadwell, 1922 202 as Ceratonereis erythraeensis Fauvel, 1918 Chinonereis edestus Chamberlin, 1924; Leptonereis distorta (Treadwell, 1936); Tylorrhynchus chinensis Grube, 1866 26 26 possible synonym of Arabella mutans (Chamberlin, 1924) 2 as Arabella (Notopsilus) sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 2 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Oenonidae Drilonereis ilum Claparède, 1868 2 Oenonidae Drilonereis logani Crossland, 1924 26 Oenonidae Drilonereis planiceps (Grube, 1878) Oenonidae Drilonereis sp. Gallardo, 1968 Oenonidae Halla okudai Imajima , 1967 5 Oenonidae Notocirrus biaciculus Gallardo, 1968 26 Oenonidae Notocirrus japonicus (Okuda, 1939) 2 Oenonidae Oenone fulgida* (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) Onuphidae Diopatra amboinensis Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 Onuphidae Diopatra claparedii* Grube, 1878 Onuphidae Diopatra neapolitana* Delle Chiaje, 1841 Onuphidae Diopatra semperi Grube, 1878 Onuphidae Diopatra sp. Fauvel, 1939 Onuphidae Diopatra sugokai Izuka, 1907 Onuphidae Diopatra variabilis Southern, 1921 Onuphidae Hyalinoecia tubicola (Müller, 1776) probable misidentiication 6 Onuphidae Kinbergonuphis pseudodibranchiata (Gallardo, 1968) as Onuphis pseudodibranchiata (Gallardo, 1968) in Paxton & Chou (2000) 256 Onuphidae Kinbergonuphis sp. 2 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Onuphidae Kinbergonuphis sp. 3 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Onuphidae Nothria cf. atlantica (Hartman, 1965) Onuphidae Nothria conchylega (Sars, 1835) Onuphidae Nothria holobranchiata (Marenzeller, 1879) Onuphidae Nothria sp. Gallardo, 1968 Onuphidae Onuphis eremita Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 26 Onuphidae Onuphis punggolensis* Tan & Chou, 1998 5 Onuphidae Onuphis sp. Gallardo, 1968 Onuphidae Onuphis variolata as Drilonereis paucidentata Treadwell, 1922 6 2 as Aglaurides fulgida (Savigny, 1818) in Fauvel (1939) 256 1 Diopatra bulohensis Tan & Chou, 1996 135 5 Diopatra luzonensis Grube, 1878; type locality uncertain (Paxton 2002) 35 2 as Diopatra chiliensis in Yang & Sun (1988); as Diopatra bilobata in Hsieh & Chang (1991) 6 26 2 probable misidentiication 2 2 2 2 Shen, 1987 203 6 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Onuphidae Protodiopatra willemoesii (McIntosh, 1885) as Paradiopatra willemoesii (McIntosh, 1885) Onuphidae Rhamphobrachium paciica Hoagland, 1920 3 Opheliidae Armandia bipapillata Hartmann-Schrôder, 1974 56 Opheliidae Armandia exigua Kükenthal, 1887 6 Opheliidae Armandia intermedia Fauvel, 1902 26 Opheliidae Armandia lanceolata Willey, 1905 2 Opheliidae Armandia leptocirris Grube, 1878 2 Opheliidae Armandia leptocirris (Grube, 1878) 236 Opheliidae Armandia longicaudata (Caullery, 1944) 2 Opheliidae Ophelia limacina (Rathke, 1843) Opheliidae Ophelina ?dubia (Caullery, 1944) 2 Opheliidae Ophelina ?ehlersi (Horst, 1919) 2 Opheliidae Ophelina ?fauveli (Caullery, 1944) 2 Opheliidae Ophelina acuminata* Örsted, 1843 Ammotrypane aulogaster Rathke, 1843 56 Opheliidae Ophelina aulogaster Rathke, 1843 probable misidentiication 6 Opheliidae Ophelina ilobranchiata (Gallardo, 1968) 2 Opheliidae Ophelina grandis (Pillai, 1961) 25 Opheliidae Ophelina sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Opheliidae Ophelina? sp. Gallardo, 1968 2 Opheliidae Polyophthalmus pictus (Dujardin, 1839) 236 Opheliidae Polyophthalmus striatus Kükenthal, 1887 6 Orbiniidae Leitoscoloplos cf. fragilis (Verrill, 1873) Orbiniidae Leitoscoloplos cf. kerguelensis (McIntosh, 1885) Orbiniidae Leitoscoloplos sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Orbiniidae Leodamas dubia (Tebble, 1955) as Scoloplos (Leodamas) dubia 2 Orbiniidae Leodamas gracilis (Pillai, 1961) as Scoloplos (Leodamas) gracilis 25 Orbiniidae Leodamas rubra (Webster, 1879) as Scoloplos (Leodamas) rubra 6 Orbiniidae Leodamas rubra orientalis (Gallardo, 1968) as Scoloplos (Leodamas) rubra orientalis 25 Orbiniidae Naineris hainanensis Wu & Wu, 1987 probable misidentiication as Haloscolplos cf. fragilis (Verrill, 1873) 6 2 2 6 5 204 6 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Orbiniidae Naineris laevigata (Grube, 1855) 2 Orbiniidae Orbinia vietnamensis Gallardo, 1968 26 Orbiniidae Phylo kupfferi (Ehlers, 1875) 6 Orbiniidae Phylo ornatus (Verrill, 1873) 6 Orbiniidae Scoloplos cf. armiger (Müller, 1776) 6 Orbiniidae Scoloplos elongatus (Johnson, 1901) as Haloscolplos elongatus (Johnson, 1901); possibly synonym of Scoloplos armiger (Müller, 1776) 26 Orbiniidae Scoloplos marsupialis Southern, 1921 Scoloplos (Scoloplos) marsupialis Southern, 1921 26 Orbiniidae Scoloplos sp. Gallardo, 1968 as Haloscolplos sp. Gallardo, 1968 2 Orbiniidae Scoloplos spinigerus Gallardo, 1968 Scoloplos (Scoloplos) spiniferus Gallardo, 1968 2 Orbiniidae Scoloplos tumidus Mackie, 1991 as Scoloplos marsupialis in Gallardo (1968) 26 Oweniidae Myriochele picta Southern, 1921 25 Oweniidae Owenia fusiformis* Delle Chiaje, 1841 256 Paralacydoniidae Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel, 1913 Paraonidae Cirrophorus branchiatus Ehlers, 1908 Paraonidae Cirrophorus sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Paraonidae Levinsenia sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Paraonidae Paradoneis lyra Paraonidae Paradoneis sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Paraonidae Paraonides sp. A Ong Che, Qiu & Wu, 1998 Paraonidae Paraonis sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Pectinariidae Amphictene alata Zhang, Zhang & Qiu, 1015 6 Pectinariidae Amphictene japonica (Nilsson, 1928) 6 Pectinariidae Lagis bocki (Hessle, 2917) 6 Pectinariidae Lagis crenulatus Sun & Qiu, 2012 6 Pectinariidae Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866 6 Pectinariidae Pectinaria antipoda Schmarda, 1861 6 placed under Lacydoniidae in Paxton & Chou (2000) 256 6 (Southern, 1914) 26 5 as Paraonella sp. A Ong Che, Qiu & Wu, 1998 6 5 205 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Pectinariidae Pectinaria capensis (Pallas, 1766) as Pectinaria (Amphictene) capensis in Wu et al. (1980) Pectinariidae Pectinaria conchilega Grube, 1878 6 Pectinariidae Pectinaria leioscapha Caullery, 1944 2 Pectinariidae Pectinaria papillosa Caullery, 1944 6 Pectinariidae Pectinaria spp. Gallardo, 1968 2 Pectinariidae Pectinaria? sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Phascolionidae Phascolion moskalevi Murina, 1964 considered as species inquirendum by Cutler & Cutler (1985). 26 Phascolionidae Phascolion (Isomya) convestitum* Sluiter, 1902 only species of this family ever recorded from SCS is Phascolion moskalevi Murina, 1964, which is considered as species inquirendum by Cutler & Cutler (1985). Therefore, the indings of this species and Phascolion (Phascolion) hibridum are considered the irst record for SCS as well as Singapore at family, genus and species levels. 5 Phascolionidae Phascolion (Phascolion) hibridum* Murina, 1981 see Remarks above 5 Phascolosomatidae Antillesoma antillarum* (Grube, 1858) 256 Phascolosomatidae Apionsoma (Apionsoma) misakianum (Ikeda, 1904) 26 Phascolosomatidae Apionsoma (Apionsoma) trichocephalus* Sluiter, 1902 256 Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) agassizii agassizii Keferstein, 1866 Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) albolineatum (Baird, 1868) 26 Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) arcuatum* (Gray, 1828) 256 206 Li (1989) listed this species on the basis of works by Sato (1939), who described this species (formerly known as Phascosoma japonicum) based on one speciemen from Daihanratu, southern Taiwan and two specimens from Seisin, Korea. 6 6 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) glabrum glabrum (Sluiter, 1902) 6 Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) meteori (Hérubel, 1904) 2 Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) nigrescens* (Keferstein, 1865) 256 Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) paciicum Keferstein, 1866 26 Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) parvum Chen, 1963 2 Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) perlucens Baird, 1868 26 Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) scolops* (Selenka & de Man, 1883) 256 Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) sinense Chen, 1963 26 Phascolosomatidae Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) stephensoni (Stephen, 1942) 2 Pholoidae Pholoë minuta (Fabricius, 1780) Phyllodocidae Clavadoce nigrimaculata (Moore, 1909) Phyllodocidae Eteone maculata Treadwell, 1920 as Eteone (Mysta) maculata 26 Phyllodocidae Eteone ornata (Grube, 1878) as Eteone (Mysta) ornata 26 Phyllodocidae Eteone siphodonta* (Delle Chiaje, 1822) as Eteone (Mysta) siphodonta 56 Phyllodocidae Eteone tchangsii Uschakov & Wu, 1962 as Eteone (Mysta) tchangsii 6 Phyllodocidae Eulalia albo-picta Marenzeller 2 Phyllodocidae Eulalia magalhaensis* Kinberg (1866) 25 Phyllodocidae Eulalia viridis (Linnaeus, 1767) 6 Phyllodocidae Eumida sanguinea (Oersted, 1943) Phyllodocidae Genetyllis castanea (Marenzeller, 1879) Phyllodocidae Genetyllis sp. Phyllodocidae Mysta ornata (Grube, 1878) 26 Phyllodocidae Nereiphylla castanea (Marenzeller, 1879) 26 Phyllodocidae Notophyllum splendens (Schmarda, 1861) 6 Phyllodocidae Paranaitis sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Phyllodocidae Paranaitis zeylanica probable misidentiication 6 6 reported as Eulalia (Eumida) sanguinea (Oersted, 1943) in Fauvel (1939) 26 36 in Mak (1982, 1980); Natividad & PalpalLatoc (1986); Yang & Sun (1988) 6 5 (Willey, 1905) 207 2 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce dissotyla Willey, 1905 as Phyllodoce (Anaitides) dissotyla Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce fristedti Bergström, 1914 6 Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce laminosa Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 26 Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce madeirensis* Langerhans, 1880 Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce malmgreni Gravier, 1900 Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce papillosa Uschakov & Wu, 1959 as Phyllodoce (Anaitides) papillosa 6 Phyllodocidae Phyllodoce tenuissima (Grube, 1878) as Anaitides tenuissima (Grube, 1878) 23 Phyllodocidae Pterocirrus macroceros (Grube, 1860) Phyllodocidae Sige notoensis Imajima, 1967 Pilargidae Ancistrosyllis brevicirris Rangarajan, 1964 6 Pilargidae Ancistrosyllis rigida Fauvel, 1919 2 Pilargidae Hermundura annandalei (Fauvel, 1932) Pilargidae Litocorsa annamita (Gallardo, 1968) Pilargidae Loandalia indica Thomas, 1963 Pilargidae Otopsis? sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Pilargidae Pilargis mohri Pilargidae Pilargis sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Pilargidae Pilargis verrucosa paciic Uschakov, 1955 6 Pilargidae Sigambra bassi Hartman, 1947 6 Pilargidae Sigambra constricta (Southern, 1921) Pilargidae Sigambra hanaokai (Kitamori, 1960) 256 Pilargidae Sigambra papagayu Bamber in Muir & Bamber, 2008 6 as Phyllodoce (Anaitides) madeirensis 2 256 26 6 as Pterocirrus notoensis (Imajima, 1967) as Talehsapia annandalei Fauvel, 1932 in Fauvel (1936) and Paxton & Chou (2000); retransferred to Hermundura by Glasby & Hocknull (2010) 6 12 2456 as Parandalia indica (Thomas, 1963) in Sun & Yang (2004) 2 5 Gallardo, 1968 26 5 208 previously reported from Hong Kong by Shin & Thompson (1982) but not reported in Paxton & Chou (2000). Likely to be the same species as Sigambra sp. 3 reported by Al-Hakim & Glasby (2004) 6 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Pilargidae Sigambra phuketensis Licher & Westheide, 1997 questionably same as Sigambra bassi of Al-Hakim & Glasby (2004) Pilargidae Sigambra pettiboneae* Hartmann-Schröder, 1979 5 Pilargidae Sigambra tentaculata (Treadwell, 1941) 6 Pilargidae Synelmis albini (Langerhans, 1881) probably a misidentiication 26 Pilargidae Synelmis rigida (Fauvel, 1919) record of S. albini (Langerhans) from the SCS (Paxton & Chou, 2000) is likely to be attributable to S. rigida. 256 Pilargidae Synelmis sergi Glasby & Marks, 2013 5 Pisionidae Pisione oerstedi Grube, 1857 2 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus gallardoi Pilato & Cantone, 1976 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus hystricosus Mackie, 1990 6 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus paratropicus Gallardo, 1968 2 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus serpens* Allen, 1904 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus sp. 1 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus sp. 1 Gallardo, 1968 2 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus sp. 2 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus sp. 2 Gallardo, 1968 2 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus spinulosus Mackie, 1990 6 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus tricirratus Mackie, 1990 6 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus tropicus Okuda, 1937 6 Poecilochaetidae Poecilochaetus vietnamita Gallardo, 1968 2 Polycirridae Amaena apheles (Hutchings, 1974) 5 Polycirridae Amaena cf. yirrarn Hutchings, 1997 5 Polycirridae Amaena nr. antipoda (Augener, 1926) 2 Polycirridae Amaena trilobata (Sars, 1863) probable misidentiication 6 Polycirridae Lysilla loveni Malmgren, 1866 probable misidentiication 6 Polycirridae Lysilla paciica Hessle, 1917 6 Polycirridae Polycirrus coccineus Grube, 1870 2 Polycirridae Polycirrus dodeka Hutchings, 1990 6 209 as Poecilochaetus sp. A in Gallardo (1968) Poecilochaetus cf. serpens in Lee & Glasby (2013) probably belongs to this species 56 2 256 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Polycirridae Polycirrus medusa Grube, 1850 6 Polycirridae Polycirrus multus Hutchings, 1990 6 Polycirridae Polycirrus nr. nervosus Marenzeller, 1884 2 Polycirridae Polycirrus quadratus Hutchings, 1990 6 Polycirridae Polycirrus trilobatus Sars, 1863 probable misidentiication 6 Polynoidae Adyte assimilis (McIntosh, 1900) as Scalisetosus assimilis (McIntosh, 1900) 2 Polynoidae Arctonoella sinagawaensis (Izuka, 1912) 2 Polynoidae Asterophilia culcitae Britayev & Fauchald, 2005 2 Polynoidae Australaugeneria michaelseni Pettibone, 1969 2 Polynoidae Australaugeneria rutilans (Grube, 1878) 2 Polynoidae Australonoe willani Hanley, 1993 26 Polynoidae Drieschia pelagica Michaelsen, 1892 2 Polynoidae Eulagisca sp. Mak, 1980 Polynoidae Gastrolepidia clavigera Schmarda, 1861 Polynoidae Gaudichaudius cimex* (de Quatrefages, 1866) Polynoidae Halosydna brevisetosa Schmarda, 1861 Polynoidae Halosydna sp. Mak, 1980 Polynoidae Halosydnopsis pilosa (Horst, 1917) 2 Polynoidae Harmothoe ?dictyophora (Grube, 1878) 2 Polynoidae Harmothoe ampullifera (Grube, 1878) 23 Polynoidae Harmothoe dictyophora (Grube, 1878) 26 Polynoidae Harmothoe extenuata (Grube, 1840) 3 Polynoidae Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767) Polynoidae Harmothoe liaoi Barnich, Fiege & Sun, 2004 2 Polynoidae Harmothoe longisetis (Grube, 1863) 2 Polynoidae Harmothoe minuta (Potts, 1910) 6 Polynoidae Harmothoe nigricans Horst, 1855 6 Polynoidae Harmothoe sinensis Barnich, Fiege & Sun, 2004 2 Polynoidae Harmothoe sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Polynoidae Harmothoe turbinata Hanley & Burke, 1991 2 Polynoidae Harmothoe waahli Kinberg, 1856 3 Polynoidae Hermenia acantholepis (Grube, 1876) 26 Polynoidae Heteralentia ptycholepis (Grube, 1878) 26 Polynoidae Hololapidella commensalis Willey, 1905 6 6 26 Iphione cimex de Quatrefages, 1866 25 6 6 probable misidentiication 6 5 210 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Polynoidae Hololepidella laingensis Britayev, Doignon & Eeckhaut, 1999 2 Polynoidae Hololepidella millari Britayev, Doignon & Eeckhaut, 1999 2 Polynoidae Hololepidella nigropunctata (Horst, 1915) 2 Polynoidae Hololepidella sp. Britayev & Antokhina, 2012 Polynoidae Hyperhalosydna striata (Kinberg, 1856) 2 Polynoidae Lepidasthenia izukai Imajima & Hartman, 1964 26 Polynoidae Lepidasthenia longicirrata Berkeley, 1923 26 Polynoidae Lepidasthenia maculata Potts, 1910 2 Polynoidae Lepidasthenia microlepis Potts, 1910 26 Polynoidae Lepidasthenia ocellata Treadwell, 1936 Polynoidae Lepidasthenia ohshimai Okuda, 1936 6 Polynoidae Lepidasthenia strelkovi Averincev & Uschakov 1977 2 Polynoidae Lepidasthenia vietnamica Averincev & Uschakov 1977 2 Polynoidae Lepidonopsus collinifer Barnich, Fiege & Sun, 2004 2 Polynoidae Lepidonotus carinulatus (Grube, 1870) 2367 Polynoidae Lepidonotus collinifer Barnich, Fiege & Sun, 2004 2 Polynoidae Lepidonotus cristatus (Grube, 1876) 6 Polynoidae Lepidonotus hainanicus Uschakov, 1982 Polynoidae Lepidonotus hedleyi Benham, 1915 23 Polynoidae Lepidonotus helotypus (Grube, 1877) 6 Polynoidae Lepidonotus jacksoni Kinberg, 1855 3 Polynoidae Lepidonotus minutus Treadwell, 1936 Polynoidae Lepidonotus sagamiana (Izuka, 1912) Polynoidae Lepidonotus sp. Mak, 1980 Polynoidae Lepidonotus squamatus* (Linnaeus, 1767) Polynoidae Lepidonotus tenuisetosus (Gravier, 1902) 26 Polynoidae Lucopia magnicirra Pillai, 1965 3 Polynoidae Nonparahalosydna pleiolepis (Marenzeller, 1879) 2 perhaps Lepidasthenia interrupta (Marenzeller, 1902) as L. dentatus hainanicus Uschakov, 1982 in Wu et al. (1997) perhaps Lepidonotis caelorus Moore, 1903 6 2 6 2 6 211 Lepidonotus cf. squamatus in Lee & Glasby (2013) probably belongs to this species Parahalosydna chinensis Monro, 1928 56 6 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Polynoidae Ophthalmonoe pettiboneae Britayev & Martin, 2006 Polynoidae Ophthalmonoe tonkinica (Uschakov, 1982) Polynoidae Paradyte crinoidicola (Potts, 1910) 2 Polynoidae Paradyte levis (Marenzeller, 1902) 2 Polynoidae Parahalosydnopsis hartmanae Pettibone, 1977 26 Polynoidae Paralentia annamita (Fauvel, 1934) as Halosydna (Alentia) annaminta in Fauvel (1934 & 1939) 2 Polynoidae Paralepidonotus ampulliferus* (Grube, 1878) as Paralepidonotus ampullifera in Lee & Glasby (2013) 25 Polynoidae Paralepidonotus indicus (Kinberg, 1856) Lepidontus indicus Kinberg, 1856; as Harmothoe boholensis (Grube) in Fauvel (1939) 25 Polynoidae Pararctonoella aphthalma Gallardo, 1968 Intoshella aphthalma Gallardo, 1968 2 Polynoidae Pararctonoella holothuricola (Izuka, 1912) 2 Polynoidae Pottsiscalisetosus praelongus (Marenzeller, 1902) 2 Polynoidae Russellhanleya striata Barnich, Fiege & Sun, 2004 2 Polynoidae Scalisetosus fragilis (Claparède, 1868) Polynoidae Scalisetosus longicirrus (Schmarda, 1861) 6 Polynoidae Subadyte micropapillata Barnich, Fiege & Sun, 2004 2 Polynoidae Subadyte pellucida (Ehlers, 1864) Polynoidae Thormora jukesii Baird, 1865 236 Polynoidae Uncopolynoe corallicola Hartmann-Schrôder, 1960 2 Polynoidae Verrucapelma conifera Barnich, Fiege & Sun, 2004 Pontodoridae Pontodora pelagica Greeff, 1879 6 Sabellariidae Idanthyrsus pennatus (Peters, 1854) 26 Sabellariidae Lygdamis indicus Kinberg, 1867 56 Sabellariidae Lygdamis nesiotes (Chamberlin, 1919) 6 Sabellariidae Neosabellaria cementarium (Moore, 1906) 212 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family 25 originally described as Paralentia tonkinica Uschakov, 1982 possible synonym of Subadyte pellicida (Ehlers, 1864) as Scalisetosus pellucidus (Ehlers, 1864) as Lepidonotus (Thormora) jukesii in Fauvel (1936) as Sabellaria cementarium Moore, 1906 2 6 2 2 6 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Sabellariidae Phragmatopoma sp. Huang et al., 2009 Sabellariidae Sabellaria alcocki Gravier, 1907 6 Sabellariidae Sabellaria spinulosa (Leuckart, 1849) 2 Sabellariidae Tetreres porrectus (Ehlers, 1908) Sabellidae Amphiglena mediterranea (Leydig, 1851) 2 Sabellidae Bispira tricyclia (Schmarda, 1861) 56 Sabellidae Branchiomma cingulata (Grube, 1870) 236 Sabellidae Branchiomma serratibranchis (Grube, 1878) Sabellidae Chone infundibuliformis Krøyer, 1856 Sabellidae Chone sp. 4 Fitzhugh, 2002 Sabellidae Chone trilobata Sabellidae Euchone sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Sabellidae Hypsicomus phaeotaenia* (Schmarda, 1861) 256 Sabellidae Jasmineira caducibranchiata Willey, 1905 2 Sabellidae Laonome albicingillum Hsieh, 1995 6 Sabellidae Laonome andamanensis Fitzhugh, 2002 5 Sabellidae Megalomma cinctum Fitzhugh, 2003 Sabellidae Megalomma paciicum (Johansson, 1927) 2 Sabellidae Megalomma vesiculosa (Montagu, 1815) 6 Sabellidae Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) 6 Sabellidae Parasabella oculea Pillai, 1965 Potamilla oculea Pillai, 1965; Demonax oculea (Pillai, 1965) 3 Sabellidae Parasabella rufovittata Grube in Peters (1881) Demonax rufovittata (Grube in Peters, 1881) 5 Sabellidae Perkinsiana sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Sabellidae Potamilla ceylonica Augener, 1926 2 Sabellidae Potamilla ehlersi Gravier, 1908 2 Sabellidae Potamilla leptochaeta* Southern, 1921 5 Sabellidae Potamilla oligophthalma Grube, 1878 5 Sabellidae Potamilla torelli Malmgren, 1866 6 Sabellidae Pseudobranchiomma orientalis McIntosh, 1885 Sabellidae Pseudopotamilla reniformis* Bruguière, 1789 2 as Lygdamis porrectus (Ehlers, 1908) as Dasychone serratibranchis Grube, 1878 6 2 2 5 Gallardo, 1968 2 5 probably same as Megalomma sp. in Paxton & Chou (1997) 6 5 213 as Dasychone orientalis McIntosh, 1885 and Branchoimma orientalis (McIntosh, 1885) 6 56 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Sabellidae Pseudopotamilla sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Sabellidae Sabella nudicollis Krøyer, 1856 2 Sabellidae Sabella pavonina Savigny, 1822 16 Sabellidae Sabella penicillus Linnaeus, 1767 6 Sabellidae Sabella sp. Mak, 1982 Sabellidae Sabella spallanzanii Sabellidae Sabella sp. Mak, 1980 Sabellidae Sabellastarte japonica (Marenzeller, 1885) Sabellidae Sabellastarte santijosephi (Gravier, 1906) Sabellidae Sabellastarte spectabilis* (Grube, 1878) synonym Sabellastarte indica (Savigny, 1818) as in Fauvel (1939); Gallardo (1968); Hsieh in Paxton & Chou (2000); Tan & Chou (1993); Wu et al. (1975); Yang & Sun (1988) 256 Sabellidae Stylomma palmatum (Quatrefages, 1866) synoynm Magalomma intermedium (Beddard, 1889) as in Pillai (1965) 3 Scalibregmatidae Scalibregma inlatum Rathke, 1843 probable misidentiication 26 Serpulidae Apomatus enosimae Marenzeller, 1884 Serpulidae Circeis spirillum (Linnaeus, 1758) Serpulidae Crucigera tricornis (Gravier, 1906) 2 Serpulidae Ficopomatus shenzhensis Li, Wang & Li, 2012 6 Serpulidae Ficopomatus telehsapensis Pillai, 2008 Ficopomatus macrodon: ten Hove & Weerdenburg (1978) not Southern, 1921 1 Serpulidae Ficopomatus uschakovi (Pillai, 1960) as Neopomatus ushakovi var. lingayanensis Pillai, 1965 3 Serpulidae Hydroides albiceps Grube, 1870 Serpulidae Hydroides ancorispinus/ malleolaspinus complex Serpulidae Hydroides centrospina Wu & Chen, 1981 6 Serpulidae Hydroides cf. rectus Straughan, 1967 2 Serpulidae Hydroides diramphus Morch, 1863 6 5 6 (Gmelin, 1791) as Spirographis spallanzanii (Viviani, 1805) in Fauvel (1939) 2 6 possible synonym of Branchiomma cingulata (Grube, 1870) 26 6 6 probable misidentiication 6 6 2 214 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Serpulidae Hydroides elegans (Haswell, 1883) 6 Serpulidae Hydroides exaltatus (Marenzeller, 1885) 6 Serpulidae Hydroides fusca Imajima, 1976 6 Serpulidae Hydroides grubei Pillai, 1965 3 Serpulidae Hydroides longispinosus Imajima, 1976 Senior synonym of Hydroides centrospina Wu & Chen, 1981 (Fiege & Sun 1999) as reported in Paxton & Chou (2000). 2 Serpulidae Hydroides longistylaris Chen & Wu, 1980 record of Hydroides fusicola Morch, 1863 from Hong Kong by Mak (1980, 1982) was referred to this species by Sun, ten Hove & Qiu (2012) 6 Serpulidae Hydroides minax (Grube, 1878) 2 Serpulidae Hydroides nanhaiensis Wu & Chen, 1980 6 Serpulidae Hydroides norvegica Gunnereus, 1768 3 Serpulidae Hydroides operculatus (Treadwell, 1929) Serpulidae Hydroides rhombobulus Chen & Wu, 1980 6 Serpulidae Hydroides sanctaecrucis Kroyer in Morch, 1863 6 Serpulidae Hydroides tambalagamensis Pillai, 1961 6 Serpulidae Hydroides trilobulus Wu & Chen, 1980 6 Serpulidae Hydroides tuberculatus Imajima, 1976 2 Serpulidae Hydroides xishaensis Chen & Wu, 1978 6 Serpulidae Metavermilia acanthophora (Augener, 1914) 6 Serpulidae Metavermilia annobonensis Zibrowius, 1973 6 Serpulidae Metavermilia cf. inlata Imajima, 1977 6 Serpulidae Metavermilia cf. taenia Zibrowius, 1973 6 Serpulidae Neodexiospira foraminosus (Bush, 1904) as Spirorbis foraminosus Bush, 1904 2 Serpulidae Neodexiospira treadwelli (Pillai, 1965) as Spirobis (Dexiospira) treadwelli Pillai, 1965 3 Serpulidae Pomatoceros caeruleus Schmarda, 1861 species inquirendum 2 Serpulidae Pomatostegus actinoceras Morch, 1863 Mak (1982) misidentiied this species as Pomatostegus stellatus 26 Serpulidae Protula bispiralis (Savigny, 1822) a species complex 6 Serpulidae Protula palliata (Willey, 1905) 215 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family records of Hydroides inornata from Hong Kong by Mak (1982) referrable to this species (Sun, ten Hove & Qiu 2012) 6 2 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Serpulidae Protula sp. Fauvel, 1939 2 Serpulidae Protula sp. Fiege & Sun, 1999 2 Serpulidae Protula tubularia (Montagu, 1803) 6 Serpulidae Pseudovermilia xishaensis Sun & Yang, 2001 6 Serpulidae Salmacina amphidentata Jones, 1962 2 Serpulidae Salmacina cf. dysteri (Hyxley, 1955) 6 Serpulidae Salmacina incrustans Claparède, 1870 2 Serpulidae Semivermillia parapomatostega Wu & Chen, 1981 6 Serpulidae Serpula cf. granulosa Maranzeller, 1885 26 Serpulidae Serpula cf. vasifera Haswell, 1884 2 Serpulidae Serpula kaempferi (Kinberg, 1867) Zopyrus kaempferi Kinberg, 1867 5 Serpulidae Serpula nanhaiensis (Sun & Yang, 2001) Semiserpula nanhaiensis Sun & Yang, 2001 6 Serpulidae Serpula sinica Wu & Chen in Wu et al., 1979 Serpula (Paraserpula) sinica Wu & Chen in Wu et al., 1979 6 Serpulidae Serpula sp. Mak, 1980 Serpulidae Serpula watsoni Willey, 1905 6 Serpulidae Spirobranchus cf. polytrema sensu Imajima, 1977 6 Serpulidae Spirobranchus corniculatus complex Serpulidae Spirobranchus corrugatus Straughan, 1967 2 Serpulidae Spirobranchus decoratus Imajima, 1982 2 Serpulidae Spirobranchus gardineri Pixell, 1913 2 Serpulidae Spirobranchus gaymardi (Quatrefages, 1866) Serpulidae Spirobranchus giganteus (Pallas, 1766) 26 Serpulidae Spirobranchus jousseaumei (Gravier, 1908) 6 Serpulidae Spirobranchus kraussii (Baird, 1865) 126 Serpulidae Spirobranchus latiscapus (Marenzeller, 1884) 6 6 Pomatoceros luzonica Grube, 1881 in Peters, 1881 216 belongs to the S. corniculatus complex s.s. along with S. corniculatus s.s. and S. crucigerus (Grube, 1862), all of which occur in the Indo-west Paciic (Fiege & ten Hove 1999). Previous records of S. giganteus and S. giganteus corniculatus from the SCS (Paxton & Chou 1997) are likely to belong rather to the S. corniculatus complex. 36 2 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Serpulidae Spirobranchus maldivensis Pixell, 1913 Serpulidae Spirobranchus manilensis (Pillai, 1965) Serpulidae Spirobranchus semperi (Philippi, 1844) Serpulidae Spirobranchus sinensis Wu & Chen, 1981 Serpulidae Spirobranchus tetraceros complex Serpulidae Vermiliopsis glandigerus Gravier, 1906 6 Serpulidae Vermiliopsis infundibulum (Philippi, 1844) 6 Serpulidae Vermiliopsis pygidialis (Willey, 1905) 6 Serpulidae Vermillia umbilicata (Morch, 1863) Placostegus (Omphalopoma) umbilicatus Morch, 1863 3 Serpulidae Vinearia koehleri (Caullery & Mesnil, 1897) as Pileospira koehleri (Caullery & Mesnil, 1897) 6 Sigalionidae Ehlersileanira incisa (Grube, 1877) 6 Sigalionidae Euthalenessa digitata (McIntosh, 1885) 26 Sigalionidae Euthalenessa oculata (Peters, 1854) as Thalenessa oculata (Peters, 1854) 6 Sigalionidae Euthalenessa tropica Hartman, 1954 as Thalenessa tropica Hartman, 1954 2 Sigalionidae Fimbriosthenelais hirsuta (Potts, 1910) 27 Sigalionidae Horstileanira vanderspoeli Pettibone, 1970b 5 Sigalionidae Labioleanira yhleni (Malmgren, 1867) Sigalionidae Pottsipelogenia gallardoi Pettibone, 1997 2 Sigalionidae Psammolyce antipoda Schmarda 2 Sigalionidae Psammolyce ijiensis McIntosh, 1885 2 Sigalionidae Psammolyce malayana Horst, 1913 3 Sigalionidae Sigalion asiaticus (Uschakov & Wu, 1965) 2 Sigalionidae Sigalion spinosus (Hartman, 1939) 6 Sigalionidae Sthenelais boa (Johnston, 1839) 26 Sigalionidae Sthenelais fusca Johnson, 1897 Sigalionidae Sthenelais luxuriosa Grube, 1878 6 Sigalionidae Sthenelais mitsuii (Okuda, 1938) 2 Sigalionidae Sthenelais nami Gallardo, 1968; Augener, 1927 2 Sigalionidae Sthenelais ralumensis Augener, 1927 2 217 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family 6 as Spirobranchus kraussii manilensis (Pillai, 1965) 3 26 possibly Spirobranchus maldivensis Pixel, 1913 6 Pomatoceros tricornis Grube, 1881 in Peters, 1881 236 as Sthenolepis yhleni (Mamgren, 1867) as Sthenelais sp. 2 in Al-Hakim & Glasby (2004) 6 25 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Sigalionidae Sthenelais sp. 1 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Sigalionidae Sthenelais zeylanicia Willey, 1905 Sigalionidae Sthenelanella ehlersi (Horst, 1916) Sigalionidae Sthenolepis izuensis (Takahashi, 1938) Sigalionidae Sthenolepis japonica (McIntosh, 1885) Sigalionidae Sthenolepis tentaculata (Horst, 1917) Sigalionidae Thalenessa asiatica Uschakov & Wu, 1959 Sigalionidae Thalenessa stylolepis Willey, 1905 2 Sigalionidae Willeysthenelais cf. horsti Pettibone, 1971 5 Sigalionidae Willeysthenelais diplocirrus (Grube, 1875) 7 Sipunculidae Siphonosoma australe australe (Keferstein, 1865) 26 Sipunculidae Siphonosoma boholense (Selenka, de Man & Bülow, 1883) 4 Sipunculidae Siphonosoma cumanense* (Keferstein, 1867) 256 Sipunculidae Siphonosoma funafuti (Shipley, 1898) 6 Sipunculidae Siphonosoma nanhaiensis Li, 1985 Sipunculidae Siphonosoma rotumanum (Shipley, 1898) 6 Sipunculidae Siphonosoma vastum (Selenka & Bülow, 1883) 6 Sipunculidae Sipunculus (Austrosiphon) indicus Peters, 1850 26 Sipunculidae Sipunculus (Austrosiphon) mundanus Selenka & Bülow, 1883 6 Sipunculidae Sipunculus (Sipunculus) angasoides Chen, 1963 2 Sipunculidae Sipunculus (Sipunculus) norvegicus Danielssen, 1868 2 Sipunculidae Sipunculus (Sipunculus) nudus* Linnaeus, 1766 25 Sipunculidae Sipunculus (Sipunculus) phalloides Pallas, 1774 2 Sipunculidae Sipunculus (Sipunculus) robustus* Keferstein, 1865 256 Sphaerodoridae Clavodorum sp. A Ong Che, Qiu & Wu, 1998 Sphaerodoridae Ephesiella gallardi 5 2 as Euleanira ehlersi Horst, 1916 2 6 as Leanira japonica McIntosh, 1885 in Fauvel (1936, 1939); listed under Sthenelais by Paxton & Chou (1990) 26 6 as Thalenessa spinosa asiatica Uschakov & Wu, 1959 accepted as S. rotumanum (Shipley, 1898) (Saiz-Salinas, 2015). 6 26 6 Fauchald, 1974 218 2 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Sphaerodoridae Sphaerodorum sp. A Gallardo, 1967 2 Sphaerodoridae Sphaerodorum sp. B Gallardo, 1967 2 Sphaerodoridae Sphaerodorum vietnamense Spionidae Aonides sp. Spionidae Dipolydora armata (Langerhans, 1880) Spionidae Dipolydora cf. pilikia Ward, 1981 as Polydora cf. pilikia Ward, 1981 6 Spionidae Dipolydora cf. tentaculata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 as Polydora cf. tentaculata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 6 Spionidae Dipolydora socialis (Schmarda, 1861) ?Polydora cf. socialis in Shin, 1982a 36 Spionidae Dispio latilamella Williams, 2007 Spionidae Laonice cirrata (Sars, 1851) as Laonice cf. cirrata in Al-Hakim & Glasby (2004) 256 Spionidae Malacoceros indicus* (Fauvel, 1928) Malacoceros cf. indicus in Lee & Glasby (2013) probably belongs to this species 56 Spionidae Microspio sp. Spionidae Minuspio cirrifera (Wiren, 1883) 6 Spionidae Nerine faughni Gallardo, 1968 2 Spionidae Nerinides sp. Gallardo, 1968 Spionidae Paraprionospio pinnata Spionidae Paraprionospio sp. A Ong Che, Qiu & Wu, 1998 6 Spionidae Paraprionospio sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Spionidae Polydora cavitensis Pillai, 1965 3 Spionidae Polydora cf. agassizi Claparède, 1869 6 Spionidae Polydora ciliata (Johnston) 2 Spionidae Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 Spionidae Polydora fusca Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 6 Spionidae Polydora glycymerica Radashevsky, 1993 2 Spionidae Polydora robi Williams, 2000 3 Spionidae Polydora sp. Fauvel, 1936 Fauchald, 1974 2 6 236 3 6 2 (Ehlers, 1901) probable misidentiication; as Prionospio pinnata; synonym Prionospio africana Augener, 1918 probably the same species referred to as Polydora ligni in Paxton & Chou (1997) 26 6 2 219 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Spionidae Polydora umangivora Williams, 2001 3 Spionidae Polydora villosa Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 6 Spionidae Polydora vulgaris Mohammad, 1972 2 Spionidae Polydorella dawydofi Radashevsky, 1996 Spionidae Polydorella kamakamai Williams, 2004 3 Spionidae Polydorella novaegeorgiae Gibbs, 1971 6 Spionidae Prionospio ?delta Hartman, 1965 Spionidae Prionospio ehlersi Fauvel, 1928 256 Spionidae Prionospio komaeti* Hylleberg & Nateewathana, 1991 5 Spionidae Prionospio malayensis* Hylleberg & Nateewathana, 1991 25 Spionidae Prionospio malmgreni* Claparède, 1870 56 Spionidae Prionospio multibranchiata Berkeley, 1927 Spionidae Prionospio rugosa Sagvaldadóttir, 1997 6 Spionidae Prionospio saccifera Mackie & Hartley, 1990 6 Spionidae Prionospio sishaensis Wu & Chen, 1964 6 Spionidae Prionospio steenstrupi Malmgren, 1867 Spionidae Pseudopolydora achaeta Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 6 Spionidae Pseudopolydora antennata Claparède, 1870 6 Spionidae Pseudopolydora cf. kempi japonica Imajima & Hartman, 1964 Spionidae Pseudopolydora corniculata Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 6 Spionidae Pseudopolydora gigeriosa Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 6 Spionidae Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda, 1937) 6 220 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family the only other species in this genus reported from the SCS is P. novaegeorgiae Gibbs, 1971 from Hong Kong by Shin (1982a); according to Radashevsky (1996) this record belongs to the genus Pseudopolydora. as Prionospio (Minuspio) ?delta Hartman, 1965 as Prionospio (Minuspio) multibranchiata Berkeley, 1927 probable misidentiication probably the same species referred to as Pseudopolydora cf. kempi in Paxton & Chou (1997) 123 56 56 2 6 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Spionidae Pseudopolydora reticulata Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 6 Spionidae Pseudopolydora vexillosa Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000 6 Spionidae Pygospio elegans Claparède, 1863 6 Spionidae Rhynchospio asiatica (Clebovitsch, 1959) Spionidae Rhynchospio nhatrangi Radashevsky, 2007 2 Spionidae Scolelepis ?indica Fauvel, 1928 2 Spionidae Scolelepis alisonae Williams, 2007 3 Spionidae Spio cf. pettiboneae Foster, 1971 5 Spionidae Spio sp. 1 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Spionidae Spiophanes berkeyorum Pettibone, 1962 6 Spionidae Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870) 6 Spionidae Spiophanes kroyeri Grube, 1860 5 Spionidae Spiophanes malayensis Caullery, 1915 6 Spionidae Spiophanes sp. 2 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Spionidae Spiophanes sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Sternaspidae Caulleryaspis laevis Caullery, 1944 Sternaspidae Sternaspis scutata (Renier, 1807) Sternaspidae Sternaspis sp. 1 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Syllidae ?Autolytus sp. Fauvel, 1939 2 Syllidae Alcyonosyllis gorgoniacolo (Sun & Yang, 2004) Syllidae Alcyonosyllis phili Glasby & Watson, 2001 Syllidae Amblyosyllis sp. Fauvel, 1936 Syllidae Autolytus orientalis Willey, 1905 2 Syllidae Autolytus robustisetus Wu & Sun, 1978 6 Syllidae Autolytus sp. Fauvel, 1936 Syllidae Autolytus triangulifer Grube, 1878 Syllidae Branchiosyllis exilis (Gravier, 1900) as Malacoceros (Rhynchospio) arenina asiatica Chlebovitsch, 1959 in Wu & Sun (1978) and Paxton & Chou (2000) 6 5 as Sternaspis laevis minor Caullery, 1944 5 26 Haplosyllis gorgoniacola Sun & Yang, 2004 6 2 as Pterosyllis sp. Fauvel, 1939 2 2 221 25 as Syllis exilis Gravier, 1900 in Fauvel (1936); synonym Branchiosyllis abranchiata HartmannSchröder, 1965 27 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Syllidae Brania diaphana Ding & Westheide, 2008 2 Syllidae Dentatisyllis hongkongensis Ding, Licher & Westheide, 1998 6 Syllidae Dentatisyllis mortoni Ding, Licher & Westheide, 1998 6 Syllidae Ehlersia cf. rosea Imajima, 1966 6 Syllidae Ehlersia ferrugina Langerhans, 1881 6 Syllidae Ehlersia heterochaeta (Moore, 1909) 7 Syllidae Ehlersia japonica (Imajima, 1966) 2 Syllidae Ehlersia rosea (Imajima, 1966) 7 Syllidae Erinaceusyllis nana Ding & Westheide, 2008 2 Syllidae Eurysyllis nanshaensis Sun & Yang, 2004 7 Syllidae Eusyllis cf. irregulata Imajima, 1966 6 Syllidae Eusyllis edenticulata Pillai, 1965 3 Syllidae Exogone dispar (Webster, 1879) 7 Syllidae Exogone gemmifera (Pagenstecher, 1862) 2 Syllidae Exogone verugera (Claparède, 1868) 267 Syllidae Haplosyllides aberrans (Fauvel, 1939) Syllidae Haplosyllis sp. 1 Britayev & Antokhina, 2012 2 Syllidae Haplosyllis sp. 2 Britayev & Antokhina, 2012 2 Syllidae Haplosyllis spongicola* (Grube, 1855) Syllidae Haplosyllis spongicola tentaculata (Marion, 1879) Syllidae Haplosyllis uncinigera (Grube, 1878) Syllidae Inermosyllis sp. Britayev & Antokhina, 2012 Syllidae Lapithas steenstrupi Kinberg, 1866 Syllidae Myrianida pachycera (Augener, 1913) Syllidae Myrianida sp. Fauvel, 1939 Syllidae Odontosyllis gibba Claparède, 1863 Syllidae Odontosyllis gravelyi Fauvel, 1930 2 Syllidae Odontosyllis hyalina Grube, 1878 35 Syllidae Odontosyllis polycera (Schmarda, 1861) 2 Syllidae Odontosyllis rubrofasciata Grube, 1878 26 Syllis (Haplosyllis) aberrans Fauvel, 1939 as Syllis spongicola Grube, 1855 in Fauvel (1936) 27 2567 6 Haplosyllis hainanensis Sun, 1996 27 2 222 5 also as Myrianida cf. pachycera 6 reported as Sacconereis sp. in Fauvel (1939) 26 probable misidentiication 6 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Syllidae Opisthosyllis australis Augener, 1913 2 Syllidae Opisthosyllis brunnea Langerhans, 1879 6 Syllidae Parapionosyllis sp. Fauvel, 1939 Syllidae Parasphaerosyllis ezoensis Imajima & Hartman, 1964 27 Syllidae Parasphaerosyllis indica Monro, 1937 2 Syllidae Parasphaerosyllis setoensis Imajima, 1966 7 Syllidae Parautolytus luzonensis Pillai, 1965 3 Syllidae Parexogone lineata Ding & Westheide, 2008 6 Syllidae Perkinsyllis homocirrata (Hartmann-Schröder, 1958) Syllidae Petitia amphophthalma Siewing, 1956 2 Syllidae Pionosyllis ehlersiaeformis Augener 2 Syllidae Pionosyllis sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Syllidae Proceraea setoensis Syllidae Proceraea sp. Fauvel, 1939 Syllidae Prosphaerosyllis fujianensis Ding & Westheide, 2008 6 Syllidae Prosphaerosyllis hongkongensis Ding & Westheide, 2008 6 Syllidae Psammosyllis wui Ding & Westheide, 1997 2 Syllidae Sphaerosyllis glandulata Perkins, 1981 7 Syllidae Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparède, 1863 26 Syllidae Sphaerosyllis jungei Ding & Westheide, 2008 2 Syllidae Sphaerosyllis longicauda Webster & Benedict, 1887 7 Syllidae Sphaerosyllis qiquani Ding & Westheide, 2008 6 Syllidae Sphaerosyllis tenuis Ding & Westheide, 2008 6 Syllidae Streptosyllis baolingi Ding & Westheide, 1994 2 Syllidae Streptosyllis hainanensis Ding & Westheide, 1994 2 Syllidae Syllides sanyaensis Ding & Westheide, 1997 2 Syllidae Syllidia hongkongensis Ruta & Pleijel, 2006 6 Syllidae Syllis amica Quatrefages, 1865 26 2 as Pionosyllis homocirrata (Hartmann-Schröder, 1958) 2 5 (Imajima, 1966) 223 as Autolytus setoensis Imajima, 1966 6 as Polybostrichus sp. Fauvel, 1939 2 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Taxonomic Remarks Syllidae Syllis cornuta Rathke, 1843 as Langerhansia cornuta (Rathke, 1843); as Ehlersia cornuta (Rathke, 1843) in Yang & Sun (1988), Shin (1982a), and Sun & Yang (200) Syllidae Syllis gracilis* Grube, 1840 Syllidae Syllis solida* Grube, 1878 Syllidae Syllis sp. Gallardo, 1967 Syllidae Syllis variegata Syllidae Syllis Syllidae Presence by Subregions 267 2567 nomen dubium 5 as Langerhansia sp. Gallardo, 1967 2 Grube, 1860 as Syllis (Typosyllis) variegata in Wu et al. (1975) 26 armillaris (Müller, 1776) as Typosyllis armillaris (Müller, 1771) in Wu et al. (1980) and Sun & Yang (2004); as Syllis closterobranchia Schmarda, 1861in Fauvel (1936); as Syllis (Typosyllis) closterobranchia Schmarda, 1861 in Fauvel (1939) 26 Trypanosyllis gigantea (McIntosh, 1885) Syllidae Trypanosyllis taeniaformis (Haswell, 1886) Syllidae Trypanosyllis zebra (Grube, 1860) 26 Syllidae Typosyllis aciculata orientalis Imajima & Hartman, 1964 267 Syllidae Typosyllis alternata (Moore, 1908) 26 Syllidae Typosyllis benguellana Day, 1963 6 Syllidae Typosyllis exilis Gravier, 1900 as Syllis (Typosyllis) exilis in Fauvel (1936) 23 Syllidae Typosyllis exilis var. fuscosuturata Augener as Syllis (Typosyllis) exilis var. fuscosuturata in Fauvel (1936) 2 Syllidae Typosyllis fasciata Malmgren as Syllis (Typosyllis) fasciata in Fauvel (1936) 2 Syllidae Typosyllis glandulosa (Augener, 1913) 7 Syllidae Typosyllis hyaliyna (Grube, 1863) 27 Syllidae Typosyllis inlata Marenzeller as Syllis (Typosyllis) inlata in Fauvel (1936) 2 Syllidae Typosyllis krohnii Ehlers, 1864 as Syllis (Typosyllis) krohnii in Fauvel (1936) 2 224 2 as Trypanosyllis (Trypanedenta) taeniaformis (Haswell, 1886) in Mak (1980) and Sun & Yang (2004) 267 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Syllidae Typosyllis maculata Imajima, 1966 267 Syllidae Typosyllis magnipectinis (Storch, 1967) 2 Syllidae Typosyllis monilata Imajima, 1966 6 Syllidae Typosyllis okadai (Fauvel, 1934) Syllidae Typosyllis pectinans Haswell, 1920 6 Syllidae Typosyllis prolifera (Krohn, 1852) 27 Syllidae Typosyllis regulata Imajima, 1966 267 Syllidae Typosyllis silkeae Licher, 1999 6 Syllidae Typosyllis sp. 1 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Syllidae Typosyllis sp. 2 Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 5 Syllidae Typosyllis sp. Gallardo, 1967 2 Syllidae Typosyllis taiwanensis Licher, 1999 Syllidae Typosyllis variegata (Grube, 1860) as Syllis (Typosyllis) variegata in Fauvel (1936) 267 Syllidae Westheidesyllis corallicola (Ding & Westheide, 1997) Pionosyllis corallicola Ding & Westheide, 1997 2 Telothelepodidae Rhinothelepus lobatus Hutchings, 1974 6 Telothelepodidae Rhinothelepus occabus Hutchings, 1990 6 Terebellidae Amphitrite cirrata Müller, 1771 6 Terebellidae Amphitrite nesidensis Delle Chiaje, 1828 6 Terebellidae Amphitrite oculata Hessle, 1917 6 Terebellidae Euploymnia umbonis Hutchings, 1990 6 Terebellidae Eupolymnia marenzelleri (Caullery, 1944) 6 Terebellidae Eupolymnia nebulosa (Montagu, 1818) 26 Terebellidae Eupolymnia sp. Mak, 1980 Terebellidae Lanice auricula Hutchings, 1990 Terebellidae Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766) Terebellidae Loimia bandera Hutchings, 1990 Terebellida Loimia cf. medusa* (Savigny, 1818) sensu Lee & Glasby (2013) Terebellidae Loimia ingens (Grube, 1878) Terebellidae Loimia medusa (Savigny, 1818) Terebellidae Longicarpus glandulus Hutchings & Murray, 1984 as Syllis (Typosyllis) okadai in Fauvel (1936) 2 6 6 225 6 as Nereis conchilega Pallas, 1766 in Hutchings (1986) 6 6 as Loimia medusa in Tan & Chou (1993). Probable misidentiication 5 6 as Terebella medusa Savigny, 1818 126 6 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Terebellidae Longicarpus nodus Hutchings, 1990 6 Terebellidae Neoleprea amoyensis Monro, 1934 6 Terebellidae Nicolea gracilibranchis* (Grube, 1878) 235 Terebellidae Pista christata (Müller, 1776) 6 Terebellidae Pista fasciata (Grube, 1869) 16 Terebellidae Pista typha (Grube, 1878) 236 Terebellidae Pista violacea (Hartmann-Schröder, 1984) 6 Terebellidae Proclea sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Terebellidae Terebella copia Hutchings, 1990 6 Terebellidae Terebella ehrenbergi Grube, 1870 236 Terebellidae Terebella lapidaria Linnaeus, 1767 6 Terebellidae Terebella pterochaeta McIntosh, 1885 2 Thelepodidae Streblosoma bairdi (Malmgren, 1866) 6 Thelepodidae Streblosoma cespitosa (Willey, 1905) 2 Thelepodidae Streblosoma duplicata Hutchings, 1990 6 Thelepodidae Streblosoma prora Hutchings & Glasby, 1987 6 Thelepodidae Thelepus binakayanensis Pillai, 1965 3 Thelepodidae Thelepus gracilis* (Kinberg, 1855) 5 Thelepodidae Thelepus opimus Hutchings, 1990 6 Thelepodidae Thelepus plagiostoma (Schmarda, 1861) 2 Thelepodidae Thelepus pulvinus Hutchings, 1990 6 Thelepodidae Thelepus setosus* (Quatrefages, 1865) Themistidae Themiste (Lagenopsis) cymodoceae (Edmonds, 1956) 2 Themistidae Themiste (Lagenopsis) lageniformis (Baird, 1868) 26 Themistidae Themiste (Lagenopsis) spinulum Chen, 1963 2 Tomopteridae Tomopteris apsteini Rosa, 1908 6 Tomopteridae Tomopteris cavalii Rosa, 1908 6 Tomopteridae Tomopteris duccii Rosa, 1908 6 Tomopteridae Tomopteris dunckeri Rosa, 1908 Tomopteridae Tomopteris elegans Chun, 1888 6 Tomopteridae Tomopteris helgolandica Greeff, 1879 7 Tomopteridae Tomopteris krampi Wesenberg-Lund, 1936 67 5 226 probable misidentiication as Tomopterus (Johnstonella) dunkeri Rosa, 1908 in Fauvel (1939) 25 26 RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2016 Taxonomic Remarks Presence by Subregions Family Genus (Subgenus) Species Species Authority Tomopteridae Tomopteris ligulata Rosa, 1908 6 Tomopteridae Tomopteris mariana Greef, 1885 6 Tomopteridae Tomopteris nationalis Apstein, 1900 6 Tomopteridae Tomopteris paciica Izuka, 1914 6 Tomopteridae Tomopteris planktonis Apstein, 1900 6 Tomopteridae Tomopteris rolasi Greef, 1885 Tomopteridae Tomopteris septentrionalis Steenstrup, 1849 Trichobranchidae Artacamella sp. Al-Hakim & Glasby, 2004 Trichobranchidae Filibranchus cf. roseus Malm, 1874 Trichobranchidae Terebellides narribri Hutchings & Peart, 2000 5 Trichobranchidae Terebellides sieboldi Kinberg, 1867 5 Trichobranchidae Terebellides stroemi* Sars, 1835 1256 Trichobranchidae Trichobranchus roseus Malm, 1874 2 Trochochaetidae Trochochaeta cf. orissae (Fauvel, 1932) 6 Trochochaetidae Trochochaeta diverapoda (Hoagland, 1920) 6 Typhoscolecidae Sagitella kowalevskii Wagner, 1872 6 Typhoscolecidae Travisiopsis cornuta Ehlers, 1913 Typhoscolecidae Travisiopsis dubia Stop-Bowitz, 1948 6 Typhoscolecidae Travisiopsis levinseni Southern, 1910 6 Typhoscolecidae Travisiopsis lobifera Levinsen, 1885 6 Typhoscolecidae Typhloscolex muelleri Busch, 1851 26 Typhoscolecidae Typhloscolex phyllodes Reibisch, 1895 6 as Tomopterus (Johnstonella) rolasi Greef, 1882 in Fauvel (1939) 26 6 5 as Filibranchis sp. from Taiwan reported in Paxton & Chou (2000) as Sagitella cornuta Ehlers, 1913 6 2 RESULTS a score does not mean the taxon does not occur there (more likely is it relects lack of knowledge). The SCS Annelida is represented by 1257 species comprising 73 families (Table 1). Of these species, at least 289 were originally described from the region and the remainder (968) were originally described from outside the region. Of the 968 species described outside the region, about 41 are probable misidentiications, given that their type localities are in boreal, arctic or subantarctic waters; the remainder are likely to represent a mixture of misidentiications, species complexes, and truly widespread species, and therefore should be targets for future systematic studies. Old records with a generalised location, for example ‘Philippines’ (e.g., in Mörch, 1863; Grube, 1878) or ‘China’ were not included in the checklist because of the high likelihood that these records would fall outside the limits of the SCS as deined here. Similarly, species reported from rivers and streams far from the sea in countries bordering the SCS, e.g., the frabriciid Caobangia, were not included. The majority of species (72%) reported from the SCS occur in a single subregion, 20% occur in two subregions and 8% occur in three or more subregions. The poor representation 227 Glasby et al.: Marine Annelida from the South China Sea in part because the concept of Annelida has changed over recent years. Comparisons of the better-known families are more informative. For example, comparing the top six most diverse families in the SCS (2 LMEs) with igures from Australia (7 LMEs, data from Hutchings et al. (2000)), we ind the following: Nereididae (134 SCS/86 AUS species), Syllidae (100/77+), Polynoidae (76/~87), Serpulidae (71/88), Spionidae (60/81) and Eunicidae (59/~40). Diversity levels are similar between the SCS and Australia for four families (Polynoidae, Serpulidae, Spionidae, Eunicidae), but for Nereididae and Syllidae, their relative dominance in the SCS is again apparent. In the case of Nereididae taxonomic effort is likely to be similar between regions, so the high diversity of the group in the SCS appears to be real. Reasons for this could be many, but the ability of many members of the Nereididae to tolerate low salinities could give this group selective advantage over other annelid groups in a region such as the SCS that experiences high freshwater input (river low and precipitation), particularly at certain times of the year (Fang et al., 2009). Reasons for both the high diversity of Syllidae and the low diversity of Scalibregmatidae are more likely related to taxonomic effort. of some subregions in the data (subregions 1,4,7) is likely to be the result of sampling bias, so it is not possible at present to make general conclusions on endemism at the subregional or regional (SCS) levels. Lane et al. (2000) also note the lack of echinoderm data from subregion 7, which includes the Nansha (= Spratly) island reefal system. Families showing the highest diversity in the SCS include Nereididae (134/574/23% species), Syllidae (100/569/18%), Polynoidae (76/578/13%), Serpulidae (71/629/11%), Spionidae (60/622/10%), and Eunicidae (59/535/11%); numbers in order represent SCS species, total number species in the World (WoRMS ‘show all child taxa’), and SCS species as a percentage of World species. The Nereididae and to a lesser extent Syllidae appear to be disproportionally well represented in the SCS region. At the other end of the scale, Scalibregmatidae with a single species among 216 worldwide (0.5%) is very poorly represented. At the generic level, Euniphysa (Eunicidae) has six species within the SCS out of nine worldwide and is very well represented in the region; other members occur in the wider Indo-Paciic and Mediterranean. Euniphysa is a rare example of narrowly distributed annelid genus. As noted by Lu & Fauchald (2000) the group likely has a Tethyan origin. The waters surrounding Singapore, Bangka Straits, and Straits of Malacca (located in subregion 5) appear to have both Indian Ocean species and tropical Australian species, suggesting possible biogeographic overlaps, where a continuous habitat and temperature range suitable for these species occur. The number of species reported from the Singapore region is low compared to the SCS region as a whole or when compared to the entire subregion 5, which has about 268 species belonging to 54 families. This is almost certainly due to a gap in taxonomic knowledge as a result of the intermittent taxonomic efforts within this part of the SCS over the years and the lack of studies of pelagic species compared to areas nearer the Chinese coast (subregions 2 and 6). Taxonomic efforts in Singapore and its encompassing islands have also been largely focussed on the intertidal and benthic species (e.g., Monro, 1931; Chan, 2009; Tan & Chou, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998; Lee & Glasby, 2015a, b). A total of 121 annelid species belonging to 37 families are listed in the waters surrounding Singapore, Bangka Straits, and Straits of Malacca, within subregion 5 (Table 1). Nereididae again is the most diverse family (24 species), followed by Eunicidae (14 species). The 121 species include 33 that thus far have only been reported from Singapore. The SCS region is home to 19 species that are utilised directly by humans. Twelve species are used as baitworms by ishers (Antillesoma antillarum (Grube, 1858); Namalycastis abiuma species group (Grube, 1872); N. rhodochorde Glasby, Miura, Nishi & Junardi, 2007; Marphysa moribiddi Idris, Hutchings & Arshad, 2014; Paraleonnates uschakovi Khlebovitch & Wu, 1962; Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube, 1878; Perinereis brevicirris (Grube, 1878); Perinereis mictodonta (Marenzeller, 1879); Perinereis nuntia (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818); Perinereis quatrefagesi (Grube, 1878); Halla okudai Imajima, 1967; and Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878. In addition, Perinereis brevicirris and Perinereis quatrefagesi (Grube, 1878) are also cultured for feed for the prawn (shrimp) industry. One species, the nereidid Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus (Quatrefages, 1866), is caught during spawning (swarming) period and consumed by the people of southern China and Indo-China. Three species of sipunculans and one species of echiuran are considered a delicacy by the people of southern China: Sipunculus (Sipunculus) nudus Linnaeus, 1766, Siphonosoma australe australe (Keferstein, 1865), Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) arcuatum (Gray, 1828), and Urechis unicinctus (von Drasche, 1881). They form the basis of a variety of dishes eaten there. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The National University of Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Foreign Affairs are gratefully acknowledged for the invitation and funding to attend the ‘Workshop on Marine Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Cooperative Project under the ASEAN-China Declaration on the Conduct of the Parties in the South China Sea’, held at the National University of Singapore, 31 July–4 August 2012. The Singapore Strait marine biodiversity workshop was held on St. John’s Island, Singapore from 20 May to 7 June 2013, and was organised by the National Parks Board and National University of Singapore. The workshop, as part of the Comprehensive Marine Biodiversity Survey (CMBS) beneited greatly from generous contributions provided by Asia Paciic Breweries Singapore, Care-for-Nature Trust Fund, Keppel Care Foundation, Shell Companies in Singapore and The Air Liquide Group. 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Marine Annelida (excluding clitellates and siboglinids) from the South China Sea

Marine Annelida (excluding clitellates and siboglinids) from the South China Sea

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