NO. 58, 1994
PHUKET MARINE
BIOLOGICAL CENTER
RESEARCH BULLETIN
I
Published by the Center
.
P.O. Box 60, Phuket 83000, Thailand
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88 (1994)
1
Phylum Sipuncula. - Part 1. A detailed catalogue of valid genera, species,
synonyms & erroneous interpretations of sipunculans from the world,
with special reference to the Indian Ocean and Thailand.
By Jorgen Hylleberg
Phuket Marine Biological Center, P. 0. Box 60, Phuket 83000, Thailand
Present address: Institute ofBiological Sciences, Aarhus University,
8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
ABSTRACT
A literature study of revisions is presented in a catalogue created to overview information on 617 sipuncuIan taxa described from the world. Specific names of the binomial constitute entries to the catalogue. This
system provides quick access to the status of a given species by keeping all information about a given species together. The number of sipunculan taxa was estimated at about 367 in 1972. During two decades of
revisions, a group of researchers have reduced the number of,valid sipunculan taxa to 146 polytypic species
and 17 subspecies. The valid taxa of sipunculans are placed in 17 genera. Each of 5 genera contains only a
single species. The 5 most species-rich genera have from 14 to 23 species, viz., Nephasoma, Phascolion,
Aspidosiphon, Phascolosoma, and Goljingia. A total of 169 taxa have been reported during a hundred years
of surveys in the Indian Ocean. Today 90 of those taxa are considered synonyms, 15 taxa are species inquirendae etc., while 79 taxa are considered valid. Recent revisions have added 9 species and 2 subspecies
to the list of valid taxa, making a total of 90 valid taxa in the Indian Ocean. Specific mention of sipunculans from Thailand only refers to 8 valid species. Consideratiop.s in regard of genus and species concepts
are discussed together with comments on the number of sipunculan taxa.
INTRODUCTION
Sipunculan is the common name for worms in the
phylum Sipuncula. Previous terms for the phylum
are Sipunculoidea Sedgwick, 1898 or Sipunculida
Hyman, 1959. The French scientist Quatrefages
(1847) placed sipunculans, echiurans and priapulans in the phylum Gephyrea, a classification
widely used until about 1965 when Stephen coined
the phylum Sipuncula. The sipunculans, echiurans
and priapulans were placed together in the phylum
Gephyrea because a relationship was claimed and
the gephyreans were speculated to constitute a
bridge between the polychaetes and the echinoderms. The phyletic status of sipunculans is now
generally accepted. The phylum is distinguished
from the Annelida chiefly because sipunculans
show no sign of segmentation or setae either in
their larval or adult stages (Stephen & Edmonds,
1972). Among the characteristic features of sipunculans we can enumerate possession of a completely retractable introvert (often referred to as
proboscis in the older literature). The mouth is
situated at the tip of the introvert where a group of
tentacles surrounds, partly surrounds, or lies near
the mouth. The anus is dorsal and opens in the
anterior part of the body, rarely on the introvert.
Sipunculans are common inhabitants of
all marine biotopes in the world. They are well
known from polar, temperate and tropical regions,
from the intertidal zone to the great depths of
ocean floors. Many species are very abundant and
contribute significantly to the biomass per unit area
(Hylleberg, 1975; Nateewathana & Tantichodok,
1984).
Stephen & Edmonds (1972) pointed out
that many sipunculan species have a wide geographical distribution. Phascolosoma nigrescens
and Cloeosiphon aspergillus, that are associated
with coral reefs, are circumtropical; Sipunculus
nudus is known from the Atlantic coast of Europe
and northern America, the Mediterranean, and the
Pacific coasts of USA, China and Japan.
2
Sipunculans of the world
Some researchers claim that Goljingia margaritacea is bipolar but it is possible that the populations
of the polar regions are connected via the deep-sea
(Cutler & Cutler, 1987). According to the literature, Phascolion strombi is cosmopolitan. It has
been described from the Arctic, the Atlantic, the
Red Sea, the West Indies, the Pacific and Antarctic. But is is difficult to ascertain the geographical
distribution because students of sipunculans tend to
have very different opinions about classification of
sipunculan species.
Recent revisions have dramatically reduced the number of species because it has been
shown that minor differences used to erect new
species, actually only represented intraspecific
variation. As a result, many species were put into
synonymy. In consequence, the geographical distribution of many species has changed. Today
many sipunculans have wider distributions than
before the revisions. This may, or may not be true,
but it is a logical consequence of the typological
species concept adopted by contemporary students
of sipunculans.
The purpose of the present paper is to
review recent revisions and to provide a quick way
to recognize the status of a given species. Hopefully
the result can serve taxonomists as well as experimentally oriented biologists & field biologists
identifying a collection of sipunculans. My point
has been to keep all the information about a given
species together, irrespective of synonymies and
genus affiliation. I have arranged the data according to the principles of an encyclopedia where
species names constitute entries to a catalogue.
This approach implies that an overview of generic
and subgeneric classification is lost. However,
considering the transient nature of generic classification, I trust this argument to be of minor importance compared to the advantages obtained by the
present way of making a catalogue of species.
RESULTS
The number of sipunculan taxa
Stephen & Edmonds (1972) recognized 325 species
and 42 subspecies of sipunculans world wide.
Murina (1975) estimated 329 described species,
Halder (1975) calculated 319 species, while sipunculans numbered slightly more than 300 species
according to Rice (1975). These figures have subsequently been reduced to 146 species and 17 subspecies as shown below. It follows that the number
of sipunculan species has been counted very differently during the last three decades. From very high
estimates at about 400 valid taxa to low counts of
about 160 taxa (Table 1). Obviously these two estimates delineate the upper and lower limits, and
the true number is lying somewhere within this
range, probably closer to 160 than to 400.
In order to make sure that the catalogue
(Table 1) can accommodate future changes and not
lose its overview-value in the wake of the next revisions, I have used the specific part of the binomial as entry. With the rare exception of creation
of nom. nov., this part of the species will always
remain together with the author(s) and year of
publication. The last line of each entry shows the
current status. The last specific name constitutes
the entry for continued search in the catalogue.
Genera, subgenera and subspecies are
constantly being changed as science makes progress and more sipunculans are discovered. Table 1
and the references to this Table are printed at the
end of the present paper. This position has been
chosen for practical reasons. The Table takes up
many pages because it deals with the present status
of 617 sipunculan taxa described from the world
since the beginning of systematic zoology.
The revised number of sipunculan taxa
Early reviews of world sipunculans, e.g., Selenka
et al. (1883) provided information on insufficient
descriptions (nomen nudum, species inquirendum
etc.) and the list of synonyms of sipunculans began
to grow.
The monograph by Selenka et al. (1883) ,
stated that 81 species were sufficiently well described to be considered valid. During the following three decades, many new species were described, e.g. by Sluiter (1882-1902) working with
sipunculans from the Indonesian waters. Most of
Sluiter's species were included in the impressive
monograph by Stephen & Edmonds (1972). As a
result, this monograph treated a total of 367 taxa
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
considered valid at that time. Subsequent revisions
conducted after 1972 reduced the 367 taxa to 109
valid species and no subspecies., i.e. only about
30% of the taxa in the 1972 monograph have valid
status today. The reviews have been carried out by
Cutler (1979), E.B. Cutler & N.J. Cutler (1982,
1983, 1985a,b, 1987, 1988, 1989), N.J. Cutler &
E.B. Cutler (1986,1990), Cutler & Jurczak (1975),
Cutler & Murina (1977), Cutler et al. (1983),
Gibbs & Cutler (1987), and Gibbs et al. (1983).
The 163 valid taxa (Table 2) encompassthe number of valid species in Stephen & Edmonds
(1972) plus the new species described since their
monograph. In other words, revisions have dramatically reduced the number of taxa in this phylum. A few examples can show this point: 52 out of
66 species in Phascolosoma, 82 of 112 species in
Goljingia, and 23 of 26 species in Paraspidosiphon
(now included with Aspidosiphon) have been proposed synonyms by Cutler and associates as compared to the taxa in Stephen & Edmonds (1972).
Table 2. The 163 valid taxa of sipunculans according to revisions by Cutler & Cutler, Gibbs, and Murina as specified
in bold in Table 1. All entries to the Table are according to the specific part of the binomial of each species.
Entry
Genus
abnorme
abyssorum
abyssorum benhami
agassizii
agassizii kurilense
albolineatum
albus
alutacea
anderssoni
annulatum
antillarum
arcassonense
arcuatum
aspergillus
australe
australe takatsukii
birsteini
blanda
bogorovi
boholense
branchiotus
branchiatus nudus
bulbosum
capensis
capilleforme
capitata
catharinae
caupo
cirratum
col/are
confusum
constricticervix
constrictum
convestitum
coyi
cristatus
cryptum
cumanense
cutleri
cymodoceae
dayi
dehamata
diaphanes
diaphanes corrugatum
dyscrita
Phascolion
Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Themiste
Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Antille:oma
Siphonosoma
Phascolosoma
Cloeosiphon
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
Goljingia
Themiste
Phascolion
Siphonosoma
Xenosiphon
Xenosiphon
Nephasoma
Goljingia
Nephasoma
Apionsoma
Thysanocardia
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phascolion
Aspidosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
Phascolion
Siphonosoma
Nephasoma
Themiste
Siphonosoma
Themiste
Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Themiste
3
Species & subspecies
abnorme
abyssorum
abyssorum benhami
agassizii
agassizii kurilense
albolineatum
albus
alutacea
anderssoni
annulatum
antillarum
arcassonense
arcuatum
aspergillus
australe
australe takatsukii
birsteini
blanda
bogorovi
boholense
branchiatus
branchiatus nudus
bulbosum
capensis
capilleforme
capitata
catharinae
caupo
cirratum
col/are
confusum
constricticervix
constrictum
convestitum
coyi
cristatus
cryptum
cumanense
cutleri
cymodoceae
dayi
dehamata
diaphanes
diaphanes corrugatum
dyscrita
Authorship
Fischer, 1895
(Koren & Danielssen,1875)
Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Keferstein,1867
(Sato,1937)
Baird, 1868
Murina,1967
(Grube & Oersted, 1858)
(Theel,1911 )
Hutton, 1879
(Grube & Oersted, 1858)
Cuenot, 1902
(Gray, 1828)
(Quatrefages,1865)
(Keferstein, 1865)
Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Murina 1973
(Selenka & de Man,1883)
Murina,1973
(Selenka & Bulow, 1883)
(Fischer, 1895)
Cutler & Cutler, 1985
(Southern, 1913)
(Teuscher, 1874)
(Murina,1973)
(Gerould,1913)
(Grube, 1868)
Hendrix, 1975
Murina,1968
Selenka & de Man,1883
(Sluiter, 1902)
(Cutler, 1969)
(Southern, 1913)
Sluiter, 1902
Quatrefages,1865
(Sluiter, 1902)
Hendrix, 1975
(Keferstein,1867)
(Murina, 1975)
(Edmonds, 1956)
Stephen, 1942
(Kesteven,1903 )
(Gerould,1913)
Cutler & Cutler,1986
(Fisher, 1952)
4
Sipunculans of the world
Table 2 continued
Entry
Genus
Species & subspecies
Authorship
elegans
elongata
eremita
exiguus
filiforme
fischeri
flagriferum
funafuti
glabrum
glabrum multiannulatum
gosnoldi
gouldii
gracilis
graCilis schnehageni
granulatum
hedraeum
hennahi
hibridus
hupferi
immunita
indicus
ingens
iniqua
intermedium
laetmophilum
laevis
lagimiformis
Iilljeborgi
lobostoma
lomonossovi
longipapillosus
lucifugax
lutense
maculatum
magnibathum
maldivensis
marcusi
margaritacea
margaritacea ohlini
medusae
megaethi
meteori
mexicanus
microspheroidis
minor
minor huttoni
minutum
mirabilis
misakiana
misakiensis
mourense
muelleri
multiaraneusa
multicinctus
mundanus
muricaudata
murinae
neimaniae
nigra
nigrescens
noduliferum
norvegicus
novaezealandiae
nudus
pacificum
pacificum
papillifera
Aspidosiphon
Goljingia
Nephasoma
Aspidosiphon
Nephasoma
Aspidosiphon
Nephasoma
Siphonosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Phascolopsis
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Phascolion
Themiste
Phascolion
Phascolion
Goljingia
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
Goljingia
Onchnesoma
Nephasoma
Aspidosiphon
Themiste
Nephasoma
Apionsoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Onchnesoma
Lithacrosiphon
Sipunculus
Goljingia
Goljingia
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Phascolion
Themiste
Themiste
Nephasoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Aspidosiphon
Siphonosoma
Aspidosiphon
Nephasoma
Siphonomecus
Sipunculus
Goljingia
Goljingia
?Themiste
Thysanocardia
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Nephasoma
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Phascolion
Apionsoma
elegans
elongata
eremita
exiguus
filiforme
fischer!
flagriferum
funafuti
glabrum glabrum
glabrum multiannulatum
gosnoldi
gouldii
gracilis gracilis
gracilis schnehageni
granulatum
hedraeum
hennahi
hibridus
hupferi
immunita
indicus
ingens
iniqua
intermedium
laetmophilum
laevis
lageniformis
lillj"eborgi
lobostoma
lomonossovi
longipapillosus
lucifugax
lutense
maculatum
magnibathum
maldivensis
marcusi
margaritacea margaritacea
margaritacea ohlin;
medusae
megaethi
meteori
mexican us
microspheroidis
minor minor
minor huttoni
minutum
mirabilis
misakiana
misakiensis
mourense
muelleri
multiaraneusa
multicinctus
mundanus
muricaudata
murinae
neimaniae
nigra
nigrescens
noduliferum
norvegicus
novaezealandiae
nudus
pacificum
pacificum
papillifera
(Chamisso & Eysenhardt,1821)
Q(eferstein,1863)
(Sars, 1851)
Edmonds, 1974
(Sluiter,1902)
ten Broeke, 192 5
(Selenka,1885)
(Shipley, 1898)
(Sluiter, 1902)
Wesenberg-Lund, 1954
Cutler, 1981
(Pourtalils, 1851)
(Baird, 1868)
Fischer, 1913
Leuckart,1828
Selenka & de Man, 1883
Gray,1828
Murina,1981
Fischer, 1895
(Sluiter, 1902)
Peters, 1850
(Fisher, 1947)
(Sluiter, 1912)
Murina,1976
(Fisher, 1952)
Quatrefages, 1865
Baird, 1868
(Danielssen & Koren, 1881)
(Fischer,1895)
Murina,1968
Murina,1968
Selenka & de Man,1883
Selenka,1885
(Sluiter,1886)
Cutler, 1969
Shipley, 1902
Ditadi,1976
(Sars, 1851)
Theel, 1911
Cutler & Cutler, 1980
Cutler & Cutler, 1979
(Herubel,1904)
(Murina 1967)
Cutler & DuffY, 1972
(Ikeda, 1904)
(Benham, 1903)
(Keferstein, 1863)
Murina, 1969
(Ikeda, 1904)
Ikeda, 1904
Sato,1930
Diesing,1851
(Murina,1967)
Fisher, 1947
Selenka & Billow,1883
(Southern, 1913)
Cutler, 1969
(Murina,1976)
(Ikeda, 1904)
Keferstein, 1865
Stimpson, 1855
Danielssen, 1869
(Benham, 1904)
Linnaeus,1766
Keferstein,1866
Murina,1957
(Keferstein, 1865)
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
Table 2 continued
Entry
Genus
Species & subspecies
Authorship
parvulus
pectinatoides
pectinatum
pellucidum
pellucidum subhamatum
perlucens
phalloides
phalloides inclusus
pharetratum
planoscutatus
polymyotus
procera
pyroides
recondita
rectum
rimicola
robertsoni
robustus
rotumanum
rutilofuscum
saprophagicum
schuttei
scolops
spiralis
squamatum
squamatum oligopapillosum
steenstrupii
steenstrupii
steenstrupii nudum
stephensoni
strombus
strom bus cronullae
tasmaniensis
tenuis
thomassini
trichocephala
tuberculosum
turnerae
uniscutatus
ushakovi
valdiviae
valdiviae sumatrense
variospinosa
vastum
venabulum
viljazi
vulgariS
vulgariS herdmani
wodjanizkii
wodjanizkii elisae
zinni
Aspidosiphon
Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Phascolion
Aspidosiphon
Sipunculus
Thysanocardia
Themiste
Apionsoma
Phascolion
Nephasoma
Phascolion
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Onchnesoma
Onchnesoma
Aspidosiphon
Onchnesoma
Onchnesoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolion
Phascolion
Nephasoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Apionsoma
Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Lithacrosiphon
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Themiste
Siphonosoma
Aspidosiphon
Nephasoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Aspidosiphon
parvulus
pectinatoides
pectinatum
pellucidum pcllucidum
pellucidum subhamatum
perlucens
phalloides
phalloides inclusus
pharetratum
planoscutatus
polymyotus
procera
pyroides
recondita
rectum
rimicola
robertsoni
robustus
rotumanum
rutilofuscum
saprophagicum
schuttei
scolops
spiralis
squamatum squamatum
squamatum oligopapillosum
steenstrupii
steenstrupii steenstrupii
steenstrupii nudum
stephensoni
strombus
strom bus cronullae
tasmaniense
tenuis
thomassini
trichocephala
tuberculosum
turnerae
uniscutatus
ushakovi
valdiviae valdiviae
valdiviae sumatrense
variospinosa
vastum
venabulum
viljazi
vulgaris vulgariS
vulgaris herdmani
wodjanizkii
wodjanizkii elisae
zinni
Gerould, 1913
Cutler & Cutler, 1979
Keferstein, 1867
(Keferstein, 1865)
(Sluiter,1912)
Baird, 1868
(Pallas, 1774)
Cutler & Cutler, 1985
Sluiter,1902
Murina,1968
Fisher, 1947
(Mobius, 1875)
(Chamberlain, 1920)
(Sluiter, 1900)
Ikeda, 1904
(Gibbs, 1973)
Stephen & Robertson, 1952
Keferstein, 186 5
(Shipley, 1898)
(Fischer, 1916)
Gibbs, 1987
(Augener, 1903)
(Selenka & de Man,1883)
Sluiter, 1902
(Koren & Danielssen,1875)
Cutler et al.,1984
Diesing, 1859
Koren & Danielssen, 1875
Cutler & Cutler, 1985
(Stephen, 1942)
(Montagu, 1804)
Edmonds, 1980
(Murina, 1964 )
Sluiter, 1886
Cutler & Cutler, 1979
Sluiter, 1902
Theel, 1875
Rice, 1985
(Ikeda, 1904)
Murina,1974
Fischer, 1916
Fischer, 1916
Edmonds, 1980
(Selenka & Biilow,1883)
Selenka & Biilow,1883
(Murina,1964)
(Blainville,1827)
(Shipley, 1903)
(Murina, 1973)
(Murina,1977)
Cutler, 1969
5
Generic classification of valid taxa
The valid taxa of sipunculans (146 species and 17
subspecies) are placed in 17 genera. Each of 5 genera contain only one single species, while 5 genera
have from 14 to 23 species as shown in the following overview of valid taxa.
The genera Nephasoma, Phascolion, Aspidosphon,
Phasc%soma, and Golfingia are the most speciesrich genera with about 16, 16, 13, 12, & 10% respectively of the total number of species. The list is
arranged in the traditional way, i.e., alphabetically
according to genus.
6
Valid generic classification
ANTILLESOMA:
Antillesoma antillarum
APIONSOMA:
Apionsoma capitata
Apionsoma lobostoma
Apionsoma papillifera
Apionsoma recondita
Apionsoma trichocephala
ASPIDOSIPHON:
Aspidosiphon albus
Aspidosiphon coyi
Aspidosiphon elegans
Aspidosiphon exiguus
Aspidosiphon fischeri
Aspidosiphon gosnoldi
Aspidosiphon gracilis gracilis
Aspidosiphon graCilis schnehageni
Aspidosiphon laevis
Aspidosiphon mexicanus
Aspidosiphon misakiensis
Aspidosiphon muelleri
Aspidosiphon parvulus
Aspidosiphon planoscutatus
Aspidosiphon spiralis
Aspidosiphon steenstrupii
Aspidosiphon tenuis
Aspidosiphon thomassini
Aspidosiphon venabulum
Aspidosiphon zinni
CLOEOSIPHON:
Cloeosiphon aspergillus
GOLFINGIA:
Golfingia anderssoni
Golfingia birsteini
Golfingia capensis
Golfingia elongata
Golfingia immunita
Golfingia iniqua
Golfingia margaritacea margaritacea
Golfingia margaritacea ohlini
Golfingia mirabilis
Golfingia misakiana
Golfingia muricaudata
Golfingia murinae
Golfingia pectinatoides
Golfingia vulgaris vulgaris
Golfingia vulgaris herdmani
LITHACROSIPHON:
Lithacrosiph9n cristatus
Lithacrosiphon maldivensis
Lithacrosiphon uniscutatus
Sipuncu!ans of the world
Nephasoma cutleri
Nephasoma diaphanes diaphanes
Nephasoma diaphanes corrugatum
Nephasoma eremita
Nephasomafiliforme
Nephasoma flagriferum
Nephasoma laetmophilum
Nephasoma lilljeborgi
Nephasoma minutum
Nephasoma multiaraneusa
Nephasoma novaezealandiae
Nephasoma pellucidum pellucidum
Nephasoma peUucidum subhamatum
Nephasoma rimicola
Nephasoma rutilofoscum
Nephasoma schuttei
Nephasoma tasmaniense
Nephasoma vitjazi
Nephasoma wodjanizkii wodjanizkii
Nephasoma wodjanizkii elisae
ONCHNESOMA:
Onchnesoma intermedium
Onchnesoma magnibatha
Onchnesoma squamatum squamatum
Onchnesoma squamatum oligopapillosum
Onchnesoma steenstrupii steenstrupii
Onchnesoma steenstrupii nudum
PHASCOLION:
Phascolion abnorme
Phascolion bogorovi
Phascolion caupo
Phascolion cirratum
Phascolion collare
Phascolion convestitum
Phascolion cryptum
Phascolion hedraeum
Phascolion hibridus
Phascolion hupferi
Phascolion lucifugax
Phascolion lutense
Phascolion medusae
Phascolion megaethi
Phascolion microspheroidis
Phascolion pacificum
Phascolion pharetratum
Phascolion strom bus strombus
Phascolion strom bus cronullae
Phascolion rectum
Phascolion robertsoni
Phascolion tuberculosum
Phascolion ushakovi
Phascolion valdiviae valdiviae
Phascolion valdiviae sumatrense
PHASCOLOPSIS:
NEPHASOMA:
Phascolopsis gouldii
Nephasoma abyssorum abyssorum
Nephasoma abyssorum benhami
Nephasoma bulbosum
Nephasoma capilleforme
Nephasoma confusum
Nephasoma constricticervix
Nephasoma constrictum
PHASCOLOSOMA:
Phascolosoma agassizii agassizii
Phascolosoma agassizii kurilense
Phascolosoma albolineatum
Phascolosoma annulatum
Phascolosoma arcuatum
Phascolosoma glabrum glabrum
Phascolosoma glabrum multiannulatum
Phascolosoma granulatum
Phascolosoma maculatum
Phascolosoma meteori
Phascolosoma nigrescens
Phascolosoma noduliferum
Phascolosoma pacificum
Phascolosoma pectinatum
Phascolosoma perlucens
Phascolosoma saprophagicum
Phascolosoma scolops
Phascolosoma stephensoni
Phascolosoma turnerae
SIPHONOMECUS:
Siphonomecus multicinctus
SIPHONOSOMA:
Siphonosoma arcassonense
Siphonosoma australe australe
Siphonosoma australe takatsukii
Siphonosoma boholense •
Siphonosoma cumanense
Siphonosoma dayi
Siphonosoma funafuti
Siphonosoma ingens
Siphonosoma mourense
Siphonosoma rotumanum
Siphonosoma vastum
SIPUNCULUS:
Sipunculus indicus
Sipunculus lomonossovi
Sipunculus longipapillosus
Sipunculus marcusi
Sipunculus mundanus
Sipunculus norvegicus
Sipunculus nudus
Sipunculus phalloides phalloides
Sipunculus phalloides inc/usus
Sipunculus polymyotus
Sipunculus robustus
THEMISTE:
Themiste alutacea
Themiste blanda
Themiste cymodoceae
Themiste dehamata
Themiste dyscrita
Themiste hennahi
Themiste lageniformis
Themiste minor minor
Themiste minor huttoni
? Themiste neimaniae
Themiste pyroides
Themiste variospinosa
THYSANOCARDIA:
Thysanocardia catharinae
Thysanocardia nigra
Thysanocardia procera
XENOSIPHON:
Xenosiphon branchiatus branchiatus
Xenosiphon branchiatus nudus
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
Sipunculans from the Indian Ocean
Although the sipunculans of the Indian Ocean and
the Andaman Sea have been insufficiently studied,
it is obvious that a high number of species inhabit
these tropical waters. The Indo-Malay Archipelago
is considered the main center of origin and evolution of sipunculans. The further one moves in any
direction from this center, the poorer is the shelf
fauna ofsipunculans (Murina, 1975).
A total of 169 taxa were reported from the
Indian Ocean by Sluiter (1902), Lanchester
(1905a,b,c), and Fischer (1923). The comprehensive review by Halder (1975) contained 132 taxa.
Among these sipunculans 90 taxa are considered
synonyms according to revisions after 1972 (Table
3). Altogether 15 taxa have been termed species
inquirendae etc. by Cutler and collaborators (Table
4), while 74 species and 5 subspecies (79 taxa) are
considered valid. A total of 9 species and 2 subspecies have been added to the list of valid taxa
based on information in Cutler & Cutler (1985b,
1986, 1987, 1989). This gives a total count of 90
valid taxa in the Indian Ocean (Table 5). Golfingia
margaritacea margaritacea listed in Table 5, is a
very widely distributed species which occurs in
7
deep water in lower latitudes. In spite of the above
record quoted by Halder (1975), it should not occur
in the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea
according to Cutler & Cutler (1987). In consequence, the above estimates should only be considered as an order of magnitude.
The Indian Ocean taxa of sipunculans
occur in 14 genera but only 6 of these contain 8
species or more. The most abundant genus is Phascolosoma with 17 taxa, followed by Phascolion,
Aspidosiphon, Golfingia, Nephasoma, and Sipunculus (Table 4). Taken together these 6 genera
contain 80% of the taxa so far encountered in the
Indian Ocean. On the whole, about 55% of the
world's taxa of sipunculans have been recorded
from the Indian Ocean. This estimate is based on
revised taxa and compares well with previous estimates from the Indo-West Pacific. Murina (1975)
also found Phascolosoma to be the most abundant
genus. It was followed by Aspidosiphon, Siphonosoma, Golfingia, Phascolion, and Sipunculus.
These 6 genera harboured 92% of the taxa recognized valid in 1975, and about half of the world's
taxa were found to live in the Indo-West Pacific.
Furthermore, Murina (1975) stated that the highest
number of endemic species was found here.
Table 3. Indian Ocean Sipunculans which have become synonyms (90 taxa) as a result of revisions after 1972 (see
Table 1). Entry to the Table by specific name.
Entry
Genus
Species & subspecies
Authorship
abnorme
aequabilis
africanum
angasii
asser
asperum
billitonensis
cia viger
corallicola
cumanense opacus
cumanense semirugosum
cumanensis vitreus
cumingii
cylindricus
dentigerum
diaphanes
discrepans
duplicigranulatum
edule
eremita australis
evisceratum
Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Phascolion
Sipunculus
Phymosoma
Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Aspidosiphon
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Sipunculus
Phymosoma
Siphonosoma
Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
abnorme
aequabilis
africanum
angasii
asser
asperum
billitonensis
claviger
corallicola
cumanensis opacus
cumanense semirugosum
cumanensis vitreus
cumingii
cylindricus
dentigerum
diaphanes
discrepans
duplicigranulatum
edule
eremita australis
evisceratum
Sluiter, I 886
Sluiter, I 902
Fischer, I 923
Baird,1868
Selenka & de Man, 1883
Grube, I 868
Sluiter, I 886
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter,1902
Selenka & Biilow, I 883
Selenka & Biilow, I 883
Selenka & Biilow, I 883
Baird,1868
Horst, I 899
Selenka & de Man,1883
Sluiter, I 886
Sluiter, I 898
Sluiter, I 886
(Pallas, I 774)
Benham,I922
Lanchester, 1905
8
Sipunculans of the world
Table 3 continued
Entry
Genus
Species & subspecies
Authorship
exilis
exostomum
extortum
fusea
fuseus
gaudens
gigas
gravieri
hartmeyeri
hebes
heteropapillosum
heteropsammiarum
huttoni
homomyarium
imbellis
improvisa
inclusus
indieus
indieus
infrons
inquilinus
insularis
japonieum
javanieum
klunzingeri
koreae
laeteum
levis
longirostris
lureo
lureo malaeeensis
margaritaeea adelaidensis
miehelini
mierodontoton
mueidum
murrayi
nordenskjoldi
novaepommeraniae
ohlini
onomiehianum
pelma
porreetus
prioki
psaron
pudiea
pyriformis
ravus
rhizophora
robertsoni
rottnesti
scolops adenticulatum
scolops mossambiciense
semperi
signifer
socium
spengeli
spinosus
spongieola
steenstrupii ambonensis
stephensoni
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Physeosoma
Dendrostemum
Aspidosiphon
Physeosoma
Aspidosiphon
Sipuneulus
Aspidosiphon
Physeosoma
Phaseolion
Aspidosiphon
Phaseolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Phaseolosoma
Sipuneulus
Lithaerosiphon
Xenosiphon
Sipuneulus
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Phaseolosoma
Cloeosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Siphonosoma
Phymosoma
Aspidosiphon
Golfingia
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Golfingia
Aspidosiphon
Phymosoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolion
Phascolosoma
Sipuneulus
Phaseolosoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Golfingia
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Dendrostoma
Phaseolosoma
Physeosoma
Phymosoma
Phascolosoma
Dendrostoma
Phaseolosoma
Phymosoma
Aspidosiphon
Physeosoma
Aspidosiphon
Themiste
exilis
exostomum
extortum
fuseum
fuseus
gaudens
gigas
gravieri
hartmeyeri
hebes
heteropapillosum
heteropsammiarum
huttoni
homomyarium
imbellis
improvisum
inclusus
indieus
indieus
infrons
inquilinus
insularis
japonieum
javanzeum
klunzingeri
koreae
laeteum
levis
longlrostris
lureo
lureo malaeeensis
margaritaeea adelaidensis
miehelini
mierodontoton
mueidum
murrayi
nordenskjoldi
novaepommeraniae
ohlini
onomiehianum
pelma
porrectus
prioki
psaron
pudiea
pyriformis
ravus
rhizophora
robertsoni
rottnesti
scolops adenticulatum
scolops mossambiciense
semperi
signifer
soeium
spengeli
spinosus
spongieola
steenstrupii ambonensis
stephensoni
Sluiter, 1886
Johnson, 1964
Sluiter, 1902
Edmonds,1960
Sluiter, 1882
Lanchester, 1905
Sluiter, 1884
Herubel,1904
Fischer, 1919
Sluiter, 1902
Wesenberg-Lund,l963
Bouvier,1894
Benham,1903
Johnson, 1964
Sluiter,1902
Theel,1905
Sluiter,1902
Fischer, 1922
Johnson, 1969
Sluiter, I 902
Sluiter, I 902
Lanchester, 1905
Grube,1877
Sluiter, 1886
Selenka & de Man,1883
Sato,1939
Sluiter,1886
Sluiter, 1886
Wesenberg-Lund, 1959
Selenka et aI., 1883
Selenka & de Man,1883
Edmonds,1956
Bouvier, 1894
Sluiter, I 886
Sluiter, 1902
Stephen, 1941
Theel,1911
Fischer,I926
Theel,1911
Ikeda,I904
Selenka & de Man,1883
Selenka, 1888
Sluiter,1882
Sluiter, 1886
(Selenka, 1885 )
Lanchester, 1905
Sluiter,1886
Sluiter,1891
Stephen & Robertson, 1952
Edmonds, 1956
Herubel,1904
Selenka & de Man,1883
Selenka & de Man,1883
Selenka & de Man,1883
Lanchester, 1908
Sluiter,1886
Sluiter,1902
Sluiter,1902
Fischer,I922
Stephen, 1942
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
Table 3 continued
Entry
Genus
Species & subspecies
Authorship
subhamatum
sumatrense
titubans
tortus
truncatum
vulgare tropicum
vulgaris antarctica
vulgaris selenkae
wasini
Phascolosoma
Phascolion
Sipunculus
Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Apionsoma
subhamatum
sumatrense
titubans
tortus
truncatum
vulgare tropicum
vulgaris antarctica
vulgaris selenkae
wasini
Sluiter, 1902
Fischer, 1922
Selenka & Bulow, 1883
Selenka & Bulow
Keferstein, 1867
Sluiter, 1902
Murina,1957
(Lanchester, 1905)
(Lanchester,1905)
Table 4. Indian Ocean Sipunculans declared species incertae sedis, inquirendae or sp. as a result of revisions after
1972 (see Table 1). Entry to the Table by specific name.
Entry
Genus
Species
Author
anguineum
annulosum
bonhourei
chuni
demanni
depressum
falcidentatum
jimbriatum
macer
nigritorquatum
parvus
pel/ucidus
rueppellii
sewelli
spinifer
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Phymosoma
Phascolion
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Dendrostoma
anguineum
annulosum
bo'nhourei
chuni
demanni
depressum
falcidentatum
jimbriatum
macer
nigritorquatum
parvus
pel/ucidus
rueppellii
sewelli
spinifer
Sluiter,1902
Grube,868
Herubel,1904
Fischer, 1916
Sluiter, 1891
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter, 1882
Sluiter, 1902
(Sluiter, 1891)
Sluiter, 1882
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter, 1902
Grube, 1868
Stephen, 1941
Sluiter, 1902
Table 5. The Indian Ocean taxa considered valid according to revisions after 1972. Taxa added as a result of revisions
by Cutler and associates (9 species + 2 subspecies) are marked with an asterisk behind of the entry. Entry to the Table
by specific name.
Entry
Genus
Species & subspecies
Authorship
abnorme
agassizii
albolineatum
anderssoni
annulatum
antillarum
arcuatum
aspergillus
australe
branchiatus
capensis
catharinae
cirratum
col/are
confusum
convestitum
coyi
cristatus
cumanense
cymodoceae
dayi
diaphanes diaphanes*
Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Antil/esoma
Phascolosoma
Cloeosiphon
Siphonosoma
Xenosiphon
Goljingia
Thysanocardia
Phascolion
Phascolion
Nephasoma
Phascolion
Aspidosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
Siphonosoma
Themiste
Siphonosoma
Nephasoma
abnorme
agassizii
albolineatum
anderssoni
annulatum
antil/arum
arcuatum
aspergillus
australe
branchiatus
capensis
calharinae
cirratum
col/are
confusum
conveslitum
coyi
cristatus
cumanense
cymodoceae
dayi
diaphanes diaphanes
Fischer, 1895
Keferstein, 1867
Baird, 1868
(Theel,1911)
Hutton, 1879
(Grube & Oersted, 1858)
(Gray, 1828)
(Quatrefages, 1865)
(Keferstein, 1865)
Fischer, 1895
(Teuscher,1874)
(Grube, 1868)
Murina,1968
Selenka & de Man,1883
(Sluiter, 1902)
Sluiter, 1902
Quatrefages,1865
(Sluiter, 1902)
(Keferstein,1867)
(Edmonds, 1956)
Stephen, 1942
(Gerould,1913)
9
10
Sipunculans of the world
Table 5 continued
Entry
Genus
Species & subspecies
Authorship
diaphanes corrugatum*
elegans
elongata*
eremita
filiforme
glabrum
glaucum
gracilis
granulatum
hibridus*
hupferi*
immunita
indicus
laevis
lageniformis
lobostoma
longipapillosus
lutense
maculatum
maldivensis
margaritacea
margaritacea ohlini
megaethi*
meteori
minor
minor huttoni
minutum
mirabilis
misakiana
misakiensis
muelleri
mundanus
muricaudata
nigra
nigrescens
noduliferum
norvegicus
nudus
pacificum
papillifera
pectinatum
pellucidum
pellucidum subhamatum
perlucens
phalloides
phalloides inclusus
pharetratum
planoscutatus
robertsoni
robustus
rutilofuscum
schuttei*
scolops
spiralis
steenstrupii
steenstrupii
stephensoni
strombus
tasmaniense*
tenuis
Nephasoma
Aspidosiphon
Golfingia
Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Phascolion
Phascolion
Golfingia
Sipunculus
Aspidosiphon
Themiste
Apionsoma
Sipunculus
Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Lithacrosiphon
Golfingia
Golfingia
Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Themiste
Themiste
Nephasoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Sipunculus
Golfingia
Thysanocardia
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Apionsoma
Phascolosoma
Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Phascolion
Aspidosiphon
Phascolion
Sipunculus
Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Onchnesoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolion
Nephasoma
Aspidosiphon
diaphanes corrugatum
elegans
elongata
eremita
filiforme
glabrum glabrum
glaucum
gracilis gracilis
granulatum
hibridus
hupferi
immunita
indicus
laevis
lageniformis
lobostoma
longipapillosus
lutense
maculatum
maldivensis
margaritacea margaritacea
margaritacea ohlini
megaethi
meteori
minor
minor huttoni
minutum
mirabilis·
misakiana
misakiensis
muelleri
mundanus
muricaudata
nigra
nigrescens
noduliferum
norvegicus
nudus
pacificum
papillifera
pectinatum
pellucidum pellucidum
pellucidum subhamatum
perlucens
phalloides
phalloides inclusus
pharetratum
planoscutatus
robertsoni
robustus
rutilofuscum
schuttei
scolops
spira lis
steenstrupii
steenstrupii
stephensoni
strom bus
tasmaniense
tenuis
Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Chamisso & Eysenhardt,1821)
(Keferstein, 1963)
(Sars, 1851)
(Sluiter, 1902)
(Sluiter, 1902)
Lanchester, 1905
(Baird,1868)
Leuckart, 1828
Murina,1981
Fischer,1895
(Sluiter, 1902)
Peters, 1850
Quatrefages, 1865
Baird,1868
(Fischer,1895)
Murina,1968
Selenka,1885
(Sluiter,1886)
Shipley, 1902
(Sars, 1851)
(llleel, 1911)
Cutler & Cutler, 1979
(Herubel, 1904)
(Ikeda, 1904)
(Benham, 1903)
(Keferstein, 1863)
Murina, 1969
(Ikeda, I 904)
Ikeda,1904
Diesing,1851
Selenka & Biilow,1883
(Southern, 1913)
(Ikeda, 19(4)
Keferstein, 1865
Stimpson, 1855
Danielssen,1869
Linnaeus, 1766
Keferstein, 1866
(Keferstein, 1865)
Keferstein, 1867
(Keferstein, 1865)
(Sluiter,1902)
Baird,1868
(Pallas, 1774)
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter, 1902
Murina,1968
Stephen & Robertson, 1952
Keferstein, 1865
(Fischer,1916)
(Augener, 1903)
(Selenka & de Man, 1883)
Sluiter, 1902
Diesing,1859
Koren & Danielssen,1875
(Stephen, 1942)
(Montagu, 1804)
(Murina,1964)
Sluiter,1886
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
Table 5 continued
Entry
Genus
Species & subspecies
Authorship
thomassini *
triehoeephala
valdiviae
valdiviae sumatrense
vastum
venabulum*
vulgaris
vulgaris herdmani*
Aspidosiphon
Apionsoma
Phaseolion
Phaseolion
Siphonosoma
Aspidosiphon
Golfingia
Golfingia
thomas;ini
triehoeephala
valdiviae
valdiviae sumatrense
vastum
venabulum
vulgaris vulgaris
vulgaris herdmani
Cutler & Cutler, 1979
Sluiter, 1902
Fischer,1916
Fischer, 1922
(Selenka & Biilow,1883)
Selenka et aI., 1883
(Blainville,1827)
(Shipley, 1903)
11
Sluiter's list of sipunculans from
Indonesian waters
Many species were described around the turn of
this century by Sluiter (l882a, 1882b, 1884, 1886,
1891, 1902) who worked with collections from the
Indonesian archipelago, mainly material from the
Siboga Expedition. Sluiter named a number of
species which only differed from each other in minor details.
Obviously, Sluiter did not realize the variability of
characters applied in separation of sipunculan taxa.
Sluiter described and identified 74 species and 2
subspecies, but only 25 ofthese species are considered valid today. These species are marked with an
asterisk in Table 6. The other records are either
junior synonyms or invalid species.
Table 6. Indonesian sipunculans identified and described by Sluiter (1882-1902). Valid taxa are marked with an asterisk behind the entry. Entry to the Table by specific name.
Entry
Genus
Species &
subspecies
Authorship
abnorme
aequabilis
anguineum
aspergillus *
asser
australe *
billitonensis
claviger
eonfusum *
eonvestitus *
eorallieola
eristatus *
eumanense *
eumingii
eylindrieus
demanni
dentigerum
depressum
diaphanes
diserepans
duplieigranulatum
edule
elegans *
exilis
extortum
faleidentatum
filiforme *
fimbriatum
fuseus
Phaseolosoma
Sipuneulus
Phaseolosoma
Cloeosiphon
Phymosoma
Siphonosoma
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
Nephasoma
Phaseolion
Aspidosiphon
Lithaerosiphon
Siphonosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Physeosoma
Phymosoma
Phaseolosoma
Phymosoma
Sipuneulus
Phymosoma
Siphonosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Physeosoma
Phymosoma
Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Aspidosiphon
abnorme
aequabilis
anguineum
aspergillus
asser
australe
billitonensis
claviger
eonfusum
eonvestitus
eorallieola
eristatus
eumanense
eumingii
eylindrieus
demanni
dentigerum
depressum
diaphanes
diserepans
duplieigranulatum
edule
elegans
exilis
extortum
faleidentatum
filiforme
fimbriatum
fuseus
Sluiter,1886
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter,1902
(Quatrefages, 1865)
Selenka & de Man,1883
(Keferstein,1865)
Sluiter, 1886
Sluiter, 1902
(Sluiter, 1902)
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter, 1902
(Sluiter, 1902)
(Keferstein,1867)
Baird,1868
Horst, 1899
Sluiter,1891
Selenka & de Man,1883
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter, 1886
Sluiter,1898
Sluiter,1886
(Pallas, 1774)
(Chamisso & Eysenhardt, 1821)
Sluiter,1886
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter,1882
(Sluiter, 1902)
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter, 1882
12
Sipunculans of the world
Table 6 continued
Entry
Genus
Species &
subspecies
Authorship ·
gigas
glabrum *
graciliS *
hebes
imbellis
immunita *
inclusus
indicus *
infrons
inquilinus
javanicum
lacteum
levis
lurco
lurco malaccensis
macer
maculatum *
microdontoton
mucidum
muelleri *
nigrescens *
nigritorquatum
nudus*
pacificum*
parvus
pellucidum*
pellucidus
pelma
pharetratus *
prioki
psaron
ravus
rhizophora
robustus *
scolops *
signifer
spengeli
spinifer
spinosus
spiralis *
spongicola
steenstrupii *
subhamatum
tenuis •
trichocephala •
truncatum
vulgare tropicum
Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Physcosoma
Aspidosiphon
Goljingia
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Aspidosiphon
Cloeosiphon
Phymosoma
Aspidosiphon
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Phascolion
Nephasoma
Sipunculus
Phymosoma
Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Dendrostoma
Phymosoma
Dendrostoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Physcosoma
Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Apionsoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
gigas
glabrum
gracilis
hebes
imbellis
immunita
inclusus
indicus
infrons
inquilinus
javanicum
lacteum
levis
lurco
lurco malaccensis
macer
maculatum
microdontoton
mucidum
muelleri
nigrescens
nigritorquatum
nUdus
pacificum
parvus
pellucidum
pellucidus
pelma
pharetratus
prioki
psaron
ravus
rhizophora
robustus
scolops
signifer
spengeli
spinifer
spmosus
spiralis
spongicola
steenstrupii
subhamatum
tenuis
trichocephala
truncatum
vulgare tropicum
Sluiter, 1884
(Sluiter, 1902)
(Baird,1868)
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter, 1902
(Sluiter, 1902)
Sluiter, 1902
Peters, 1850
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter,1902
Sluiter, 1886
Sluiter, 1886
Sluiter, 1886
Selenka et aI., 1883
Selenka & de Man,1883
(Sluiter, 1891)
(Sluiter, 1886)
Sluiter, 1886
Sluiter, 1902
Diesing,1851
Keferstein, 1865
Sluiter, 1882
Linnaeus, 1766
Keferstein, 1866
Sluiter, 1902
(Keferstein, 1865)
Sluiter, 1902
Selenka & de Man,1883
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter, 1882
Sluiter, 1886
Sluiter, 1886
Sluiter,1891
Keferstein, 1865
(Selenka & de Man, 1883)
Selenka & de Man,1883
Sluiter, 1886
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter, 1902
Diesing, 1859
Sluiter, 1902
Sluiter,1886
Sluiter, 1902
Keferstein, 1867
Sluiter, 1902
Sipunculans from Thai waters
Sipunculans are very common in Thai waters but
published information is very limited. Virtually
nothing is know about the species, their distribution and abundance. Frith et al. (1976) recorded
Phascolosoma arcuatum (Gray, 1828) to be abundant in mangroves. Other information stems from
the paper by Fischer (1923) who identified 9 species and 1 subspecies from Thai waters. Of these
10 taxa, only 5 species are recognized as valid today. Scattered information with specific mention of
Thailand can be found in Stephen & Edmonds
(1972) and Cutler & Cutler (1987, 1989) but taken
together the literature only refers to 8 valid species.
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
The species have mainly been extracted from coral
blocks (Aspidosiphon steenstrupii Diesing, 1859;
Aspidosiphon tenuis Sluiter, 1886; Cloeosiphon
aspergillus (Quatrefages, 1865); Nephasoma pellucidum (Keferstein, 1865); Phascolosomaagassizii Keferstein, 1867, Phascolosoma nigrescens
Keferstein, 1865). A few species are known from
the sea bed: (Phascolosoma arcuatum (Gray,
1828); Go/jingia vulgaris herdmani (Shipley,
1903». Of course, this number only reflects the
limited work conducted in Thai waters. In the
PMBC Reference Collection we have more than 50
different species to be identified and described, so
the unfortunate gap in knowledge can be filled. I
have not previously published records concerning
Thai sipunculans because I experienced trouble
with many of the species described from Indonesia
by Sluiter (1882-1902). Revisions by Cutler and
associates have shown that a number of Sluiter's
species did not have well defined characters because the descriptions were based on sfngle, and
often abnormal individuals.
DISCUSSION
The catalogue of species
The present study is based on literature available at
the Phuket Marine Biological Center, supplemented with more recent revisions initiated by Edward B. Cutler and continued together with a number of collaborating scientists. It has taken Cutler
and collaborators about two decades to revise
sipunculans of the world. Obviously the style of
revisions has changed over this period of time. For
example, the latest revisions contain information
about distribution and zoogeography which is absent in the earlier papers. But the concept of the
authors in regard of revisions also varies over time,
and because revisions were printed in various journals with different layout and editorial policies, I
personally felt it difficult to extract the information
I needed for work with the taxonomy of sipunculans from Thailand. Difficulties were caused by the
fact that changes ィ。セ・@
occurred at both the generic,
specific and subspecific levels. In addition to
keeping a record of synonyms, shifting genera, and
invalid species, it is also necessary to keep record
13
of erroneous identifications. Various authors have
published a number of specific names which have
turned out to be wrong. This implies that the literature cannot be used before it has been checked if
the identity of a given species has been changed as
a result of revisions. Even type material has been
shown to contain more than one species.
In order to overview this variety of information, I decided to make a catalogue based on the
species name since the specific name is the only
part of the binomen which does not change. At
least it is very rare. It only happens when a new
specific name is proposed to replace a pre-occupied
name. For example, Stephen & Edmonds (1972)
introduced the name Go/jingia lanchesteri as nom.
nov. pro Phascolosoma pyriformis Lanchester,
1905 because there already was one species called
Phascolosoma pyriforme Danielssen in Theel,
1875. The two authors Lanchester and Danielssen
used the same name for two different species in the
same genus, and this of course should not occur.
The action taken by Stephen & Edmonds
would not have been necessary today since
Lanchester's species is synonym with Themiste
lageniformis Baird, 1868 and the species named by
Danielssen is synonym with Thysanocardia procera (Mobius, 1875) (Table 1).
I assume that the non-specialist will find
it virtually impossible to keep record of all the
changes which have happened during the last two
decades. It does not make things easier that the
conclusions of Cutler and collaborators have to be
searched in four different journals and that the
proposed changes are part of a process, not a final
result. On top of this, new changes will invariably
see the light of day in the coming decades. A catalogue of valid taxa would soon become difficult to
use if it were to be based on traditional binomialism where the species are arranged according to
genera and the specific names are shown alphabetically within each genus (e.g., Stephen & Edmonds, 1972). Of course specific names can be
searched in the index of textbooks, but not in research papers written for those especially interested
in taxonomy. In the research papers we often find
(but not necessarily) that specialists present extensive lists of synonyms and erroneous identifications. Such information is printed at the beginning
14
Sipunculans of the world
of each description and is a great help in terms of
establishing an overview of the situation. But still,
it may be difficult to keep the information together.
For example, I found it difficult to handle information such as: Aspidosiphon cylindricus Horst,
1899. - Stephen & Edmonds, 1972: 222-223. - Not
Sluiter, 1902: 18-19. It appears from the text that
Cutler & Cutler (1989) referred Sluiter's (1902)
material to Aspidosiphon elegans. This piece of
information is repeated under Aspidosiphon elegans, where Sluiter's species is shown together
with information on 8 other species, which are
considered to be synonymous with A .elegans. This
list of synonymies represent the view of Cutler &
Cutler, and it may, or may not be accepted by other
taxonomists, so it would be beneficial to be able to
see if second opinions have been published.
The genus concept
The genus Goljingia represents the main trunk' of
the sipunculan phylogenetic tree. It possesses the
most simple and generalized features : a complete
set of retractor muscles (2 pairs), two simple
nephridia, simple tentacles arranged in a regular
circle around the mouth, a continuous musculature
of the body wall, and spherical eggs (Cutler &
Murina, 1977). These characters have undergone
changes in other genera. For example, Phascolion
has only one nephridium; Themiste has branched
tentacles; Siphonosoma has the longitudinal muscles divided into muscle bands; Phascolosoma has
tentacles arranged around the nuchal organ located
dorsal to the mouth, and the eggs are flattened ellipsoid. Regarding these shifts in characters, all
taxonomists will concur that they constitute major
gaps in the course of evolution of sipunculans and
hence these characters can be used to divide sipunculan taxa into genera. But the last century has
shown that characters which at a given time
seemed to constitute a well marked gap have
turned out to be less distinct as more worms have
been described.
The generic concept by Mayr et al.,
(1953) states that a genus is a systematic category
including one species, or a group of species of pre-
sumably common phylogenetic onglO, which is
separated from other similar units by a decided
gap. The critical part of this definition is "decided
gap", and this is where taxonomists often disagree.
It is not possible to specify the degree of difference
needed to reach the point of "decided", but it
should be generally acceptable that intermediate
forms leading to more or less gradual changes in
character status cannot be used as gabs separating
genera. The problem of generic/subgeneric status is
relevant considering the genera Aspidosiphon and
Paraspidosiphon.
Stephen & Edmonds (1972) divided
sipunculans with a caudal shield into three genera:
Centrosiphon contained only one species, Centrosiphon herdmani , which Cutler & Cutler (1987)
later placed in the genus Goljingia (Table 1). Next,
they recognized the genus Aspidosiphon characterized by continuous longitudinal musculature of the
body wall, and finally the genus Paraspidosiphon
with longitudinal musculature in bundles which
may anastomose. The consistency of a Aspidosiphon Parasipdosiphon division based on the
structure of the longitudinal muscles was questioned by Cutler (1973). Intermediate conditions of
the two general types exist (Cutler & Cutler, 1989).
I have noticed similar lack of consistency with respect to Thai Aspidosiphonidae. I therefore agree
with the conclusion that subgeneric ranking for
this character is adequate. It does not constitute a
major gap that would justify maintaining the two
genera Aspidosiphon and Parasipdosiphon. The
action by Cutler & Cutler (1989) brought the
classification back to the original situation. E.g, the
genus Aspidosiphon Grube, was divided into two
groups in Selenka et al., (1883), viz. with or without muscles in bundles, but they did not give
names to the groups. The distinction was for practical reasons as characters in a key to the species of
Aspidosiphon. In the paper by Cutler & Cutler
(1989), the genus Aspidosiphon was subdivided
into three subgenera (Akrikos), (Aspidosiphon) and
(Paraspidosiphon), and the character of longitudinal muscles was made a homoplastic, apomorphic
condition which did not separate Aspidosiphonidae
at the generic level.
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
The species concept: how to define a sipunculan
species
The biological, or population species concept has
been touched on but no explicit consensus has been
reached among different workers (Cutler &
Murina, 1977). Hylleberg & Nateewathana (l991a)
stated that "Nature does not work on basis of the
morphological species. It is a man made system for
practical purposes". Therefore, they recommended
a pragmatic definition of a species such as "A species is what a competent taxonomist says is a species. The name is not terribly important as long as
the specimen is available for revision by other researchers, i.e. deposited in a reference collection".
The only nuisance in adopting such a pragmatic
species concept is that the list of synonyms may
increase following revisions of a more comprehensive material covering a larger geographical area,
or by adoption of more sophisticated ュ・エセッ、ウ@
than
the conventional morphological-anatomical analysis. But, whatever approach, there is bound to be
eternal disagreement between lumpers and splitters. Some taxonomists have a preference towards
the morphological (monotypic) species concept,
while others have a preference towards the biological (polytypic) species concept.
Cutler, Cutler & collaborators have
adopted the biological species concept. The sipunculans were reclassified into polytypic species
which led to a great simplification of the system
(Table I). In their opinion, many local populations
had been given specific rank on the basis of minor
differences that merely were expressions of geographic variation. Mayr & Ashloch (1991) emphasized this point by stating "It is one of the major
tasks of taxonomy to convert the nominal species
of all groups of animals into well-delimited
polytypic species taxa". However, populations are
variable, so it is not enough to have one specimen
at hand - the holotype - and ignore the variation
within the population. The ideal description calls
for collection of many individuals from many localities and often application of statistics to evaluate the variation (Hylleberg, 1994; Hylleberg &
Nateewathana, 1991a,b,c; 1992; Chantrapornsyl &
Nateewathana, 1992).
15
The characters to be used in セョ。ャケウゥ@
of polytypic
species versus sibling species involve a personal
decision by the taxonomist. The choice depends on
the experience, and Cutler & Cutler have studied
an impressive number of sipunculans so their basis
to put many species into synonymy cannot be
questioned. Most of the characters used in classification of sipunculans are highly variable so it is
necessary to dissect many specimens to ascertain
the possible variation. Some characters have been
treated as diagnostic such as shape and size of
hooks, origin and degree of fusion of retractor
muscles, fixing muscle number and their attachment, length, attachment, and location of nephridia, number of intestinal coils, presence of rectal
caecum, number of longitudinal muscle bundles
and how they anastomose. However, the constancy
of these characters has undoubtedly been overrated.
Cutler & Cutler (1989) found that these characters
only can be used in a limited manner. I agree with
this point of view except for their conclusion concerning presence/absence of a rectal caecum. The
rectal Caecum is a diverticlum on the rectum near
the intestinal coil. Often such caeca are reported
missing in a given species, and hence considered to
have diagnostic yalue by authors. In other reports,
caeca are claimed to be present in the same species.
Cutler & Cutler (1989) give a comprehensive discussion of this obvious problem in taxonomy of
sipunculans. They suggest that some species have a
genetic potential (perhaps polygenic), but this potential is not always expressed, and when it is expressed it may be overlooked by an observer. The
last part of the sentence is the reason for my skepticism about presence/absence of a rectal caecum. I
have always found a caecum present in sipunculans
from 13 genera, I have dissected. In more than a
thousand specimens, a caecum could always be
located, although sometimes hidden among the
intestinal coils. These findings include Cloeosiphon aspergillus claimed to have no caecum in
Stephen & Edmonds(1972).
The number of sipunculan taxa
Cutler and Murina (1977) were uncomfortable with
a number of sipunculans which they speculated
16
Sipunculans of the world
were questionable species. A small number of individuals were used as the basis for their description and many of the species had only appeared in
the literature once. They listed 31 species from 6
subgenera and questioned their validity. After the
revisions were finalized (Table 1) it turned out that
24 of these species were maintained as questionable while 7 of the species were considered valid.
Among the questionable species they list Goljingia
(Siphonides) quadrata described by Ikeda in 1905.
It was collected on a sandy shore in the Philippines
and is known only from the holotype. Unfortunately the type has disappeared, but Ikeda (1905)
provided excellent drawings of the species, so it is
certain that this particular species is very common
at Phuket Island, Thailand. It has been collected on
sandflats in front of mangroves, in sand among
corals, or occasionally hidden in crevices in dead
coral blocks. The species fits the description and
drawings completely, so there is no doubt that
Goljingia (Siphonides) quadrata is a valid species.
Another question is whether it belongs to the
Goljingia. It is certainly a very peculiar sipuncuIan: stiff as a small stick when collected.
The tentacular crown has been difficult to
observe. It has been withdrawn in all collected
specimens, and attempts to make it protrude by
keeping worms in sea water have failed. This is in
contrast to other sipunculans. I will return to this
species in a following paper.
Cutler and associates have reduced the
number of sipunculans to the lowest possible count
by adoption of the polytypic species concept. They
also have eliminated many species as being questionable for a number of reasons. As far as sipunculans from tropical waters are concerned, I agree
with them in most cases. Many of the species described by Sluiter (1882-1902) had a very weak
foundation. However, as mentioned above, Cutler
and Murina (1977) also refer to a number of species which should not be classified as questionable
just because they only have been recorded once.
One reason for being rare could be that very little
work has been conducted in these latitudes. The
Reference Collection of the Phuket Marine Biological Center wants to remedy this situation by
issuing illustrated descriptions of sipunculans from
Thailand in the years to come. This will cause
some of the species in Table 1 to become valid
again. However, since the Table contains all described sipunculans it only implies that some species will have to change from normal font to bold.
Cutler & Murina (1977) commented on the problem of being absolutely correct before publishing
by stating "As with all areas of science, the information presented is incomplete: There will undoubtedly be errors, but if we have to wait until we
were to be without fault, it would never be published" .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am indebted to late Professor Gunnar Thorson for
guidance during my time as a student specializing
in the ecology of sipunculans. I spent my first year
of studies on sipunculans at Kristineberg Marine
Biological Station, Sweden. At the KMBS I benefited from many discussions with Professor B.
Akesson and I received all possible support from
Director B. Swedmark and staff at the station. I am
grateful to Dr M. Rice who made it possible for me
to participate in the first international meeting on
sipunculans in Yugoslavia, 1970. The stimulation
from, and contacts with Dr Edward Cutler and Dr
V. V. Murina as a result of that meeting have been
very important for my interest in sipunculans. I am
grateful for having been on the mailing list ever
since. The last 15 years I have worked on and off
with sipunculans in Thailand. I thank Directors
and staff at the Phuket Marine Biological Center
for the opportunity to study the local "sips" . Above
all I am indebted to Marine Biologist Anuwat Nateewathana for good companionship during many
fruitful sampling trips. Finally I thank Dr D. Dexter and P. Middelfart for comments to the manuscript, and I thank assistant editor Hakon R. Jalk
for a job well done.
/'
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
17
REFERENCES
The references are presented in two parts.
References (1) which lists all references referred to in the text.
References (2) which lists all references mentioned in Table 1. References (2) are printed after Table 1.
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History, 152: 105-204.
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Cutler, E.B. & N.J.Cutler. 1982. A revision of the genus Siphonosoma (Sipuncula). - Proceedings of the
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1983. An examination of the Phascolosoma subgenera Antillesoma, Rueppellisoma and Satonus
(Sipuncula). - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 77(2): 175-187.
1985a. A revision of the genera Sipunculus and Xenosiphon (Sipuncula). - Zoological Journal of the
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1987. Revision of the genus Golfingia (Sipuncula:Golfingiidae). - Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 100(4): 735-761
1988. A revision of the genus Themiste (Sipuncula). - Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington, 101(4): 741-766
1989. A revision of the genus Aspidosiphon (Sipuncula: Aspidosiphonidae). - Proceedings of the
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Cutler, N.J. & E.B. Cutler. 1986. A revision of the genera Nephasoma (Sipuncula: Golfingiidae). - Proceedings ofthe Biological Society of Washington, 99(4) : 547-573
1990. A revision of the subgenus Phascolosoma (Sipuncula: Phascolosoma ). - Proceedings of the
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Cutler, E.B & E. Jurczak. 1975. The sipunculan genus Lifthacrosiphon: a taxonomic review. - Zoological
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Cutler, E.B. & VV Murina. 1977. On the sipunculan genus Golfingia Lankester,1885 . - Zoological Journal ofthe Linnean Society, 60: 173-187
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1964, and Siphonoides, Murina, 1967. (Sipuncula). - Proceedings of the Biological Society of
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Sipunculans of the world
Gibbs, P.E ., E.B.Cutler & N.J.Cutler. 1983. A review ofthe sipunculan genus Thysanocardia Fisher. - Zoologica Scripta, 12: 295-304.
Halder, B.P. 1975. Sipuncula of the Indian Ocean in the Collection of the Zoological Survey of India. - In
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Nateewathana, A. & P. Tantichodok. 1984. Species composition, density and biomass of macrofauna of a
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19
Selenka, E., lG. de Man, & C.Biilow. 1883. Die Sipuncllliden, eine systematische Monographie. - Semper,
Reisen in Archipel des Philippinen II., 4: 1-131 .
Sluiter, C.Ph. 1882a. Beitrage zu der Kenntniss der Gephyreen aus dem Malayischen Archipel.(Erste Mittheilung). - Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indie, 41: 84-110.
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Theel, H. 1875. Etudes sur les gephyriens inermes des mers de la Scandinavie, du Spitzberg et du Groenland. - Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskabs-Akademiens Handlingar, 3(6): 1-30
Phascolosoma scolops (Selenka & de Man, 1883)
20
Sipunculans of the world
Table 1.
Legend: All entries to the catalogue start with the specific part of the binomial of each species. The following typography has been used to differentiate between valid genera & species, subspecies, synonyms and
erroneous ldentifications:
THE FIRST COLUMN
i.
Bold font indicates a valid specific name, e.g., the species ahnorme.
ii
Normal font indicates that a specific, or subspecific name constitutes part of a synonym or a
erroneous identification, e.g., abnorrne , or abyssorurn punctaturn .
iii
Underlining indicates a valid subspecies, e.g., gQyssorum benhami.
iv
A dash indicates additional information under the same specific entry.
THE SECOND COLUMN
1.
Bold font indicates a valid generic name, e.g., the genus Phascolion
ii
Normal font is used in subsequent mention of the genus under a given entry. The second column
also shows how a given species has moved in concert with shifting application of generic names
over time.
iii
Underlining indicates a valid genus of a given subspecies
iv
A sign of equation indicates that a generic name has been replaced and/or the species transferred
to another taxon. Signs of equation are shown in front of conclusions drawn from the latest
revisions.
v
A filled ellipse in front of the genus marks valid species and subspecies.
THE THIRD COLUMN
The third column gives the status of a given species.
ii
A valid specific name is repeated in bold, e.g., the species ahnorme.
iii
Subgenus is shown in normal font and brackets, e.g., (Phascolion) .
iv
Normal font indicates unchanged specific names, or
v
Normal font shows that a specific, or subspecific name constitutes part of a synonym or a
erroneous identification.
vi
Underlining indicates a valid subspecies as a result of revisions, e.g., gQyssorum benhami .
THE FOURTH COLUMN
i.
Bold font indicates the authorship and year of a valid species, e.g., Fischer, 1895.
ii
Authorship and year is shown in normal font for each entry to avoid confusion in cases where the
same specific name is used with different genera.
111
Authorship and year is shown in normal font when synonymy has been proposed as a result of
revisions.
in or i. a. in front of a name & year indicate that a given publication is listed in the
iv
references.
v
Inter alia is used in case of many references to a given species. A complete list can be found in the
revision mentioned under a given entry.
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
A
abnorme
abnorme
abnormis
abyssora
abyssora punctata
abyssorum
abyssorum
abyssorum
abyssorum abyssorum
gJzyssorum benhami
abyssorum punctatum
adriatica
aeneus
aequabilis
aethiops
africanum
agassizii
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS} & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
Fischer,1895
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Sluiter,1886
in Sluiter,1902
in Cutler & Murina,1977
Sluiter,1886
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
Koren & Danielssen,1875
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Herubel,I925b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
(Koren & Danielssen,1875)
Koren & Danielssen,1875
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Koren & Danielssen,1875
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1933
in Gibbs, 1973
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Southern, 1913a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
(Stephen,1948)
new status: Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Herubel,I925b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Murina, 1975
in Zavodnik & Murina, 1976
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Baird, 1868
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler, 1977a
in Cutler & Cutler,1979a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Baird,1868
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
in Gibbs & Cutler,1987
Fischer, 1923
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1963
in Stephen & Cutler, 1969
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Keferstein,1867
i.a. Selenka et al.,1883
i.a. Selenka,1888
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Phascolion
abnorme
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Nephasoma
abnorme
(Phascolion) abnorme
abnormis
abnorme
p.175
(Satonus) pectinatum
abnormis
(Goljingiella) abnormis
(Satonus) pectinatum
p.175
abyssorum
abyssora
abyssorum
abyssorum punctata
(Phascoloides) abyssora punctata
abyssorum
Nephasoma
abyssorum
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Apionsoma
Goljingia
= Nephasoma
J::!gJhasoma
• Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Sipunculus
= Siphonosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Antillesoma
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
abyssorum
(Phascoloides) abyssorum
abyssorum
abyssorum
abyssorum
(Phascoloides) rimicola
rimicola
abyssorum
(Phascolosoma) abyssorum
capitatum
(Phascoloides) abyssorum abyssorum
abyssorum
gJzyssorum benhami
abyssorum benhami
abyssorum punctata
abyssorum
(Dushana) adriatica
(Dushana) adriatica
vulgaris vulgaris
aeneus
(Siphonosoma) australe
aequabilis
aequabilis
aequabilis
(Sipunculus) norvegicus
aethiops
(Antillesoma) antillarum
antillarum
africanum
africanum
africanum
africanum
(Phascolion) strom bus
PhascoLosoma
agassizii agassizii
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
agassizii
agassizii
(Phascolosoma) agasslzii
(Phascolosoma) agassizii
21
22
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
STATUS
STATUS
AUTHORSHIP
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
GENUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
REFERENCE
agassizii
Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascoliori
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
= Lithacrosiphon
Themiste
Themiste
• Themiste
Dendrostomum
agassizii
agassizii
(Phascolosoma) scolops
agassizii
agassizii
Phascolosoma stephensoni
agassizii
agassizii
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
ggassizii kurilense
kurilense
kurilense
agassizii kurilense
agassizii puntarenae
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
alberti
alberti
alberti
alberti
alberti
alberti
(Phascolion) strombus
albidum
margaritacea
alholineatum
albolineatum
albolineatum
(Phascolosoma) albolineatum
(Phascolosoma) albolineatum
alhus
albus
albus
(Aspidosiphon) albus
alticonus
alticonus
cristatus
alutacea
alutacea
(Themiste) alutacea
alutaceum
(Themiste) alutacea
amamiense
amamiense
agassizii
agassizii
ggassizii kurilense
agassizii puntarenae
alberti
albidum
alholineatum
alhus
alticonus
alutacea
alutaceum
amamiense
ambiguum
ambonense
ambonensis
• Themiste
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
amamiense
(Siphonosoma) amamiense
amamiense
(Siphonosoma)funafuti
ambiguum
incertae sedis
ambonense
(Phascolosoma) ambonense
(Phascolosoma) qrcuatum
ambonensis
ambonensis
(Paraspidosiphon) tenuis
Keferstein,1867
in Fischer,1919a,I922a (part)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Keferstein, 1866
in Fischer,I922a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Keferstein, 1866
in Keferstein, 1867 (part)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
(Sato,1937)
Sato,1937a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Selenka et aI., 1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Sluiter, 1900
in Sluiter, 1912
in Gerould,1913
in Murina,1964c
in Stepl}en & Edmonds, 1972
in Gibbs,1985
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
1beel,1875 (b)
in Cutler & Murina,1977
Baird,1868
i.a. Selenka et al.,1883
i.a. Fischer,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Murina,1967
Murina,1967a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
ten Broeke,I925
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Jurczak, 1975
(Grube & Oersted,1858)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Grube & Oersted, 1858
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Ikeda, 1904
in Ikeda, 1924
in Sato,1939
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
(Brandt, 183 5)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Fischer,1896
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Augener,1903
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
anceps
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
anceps
(Phascoloides) minutum
minutum
anceps
anceps
anceps
diaphanes diaphanes
andamanensis
andamanensis
(Phascolosoma) albolineatum
Theel, 1905
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Theel, 1905
in Sluiter,1912
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1925
In Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Johnson, 1971
in Halder, 1976
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Golfingia
anderssoni
(fheel,1911)
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
• Goljingia
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
anderssoni
(Goljingia) anderssoni
(Goljingia) anderssoni
angasii
robustus
anguineum
(Goljingia) anguinea
species inquirendum
anguineum
species inquirendum
angulatus
angulatus
angulatus
angulatus
angulatus
angulatus
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
Theel, 1911
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Baird,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Sluiter,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Sluiter,1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Ikeda, 1904
in Ikeda, 1924
in Sato,1939
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1979a,1981
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
anceps
andamanensis
anderssoni
angasii
anguinea
anguineum
angulatus
annulatum
annulosum
anomalus
antarcticum
Phascolosoma
annulatum
Hutton,1879
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
(Phascolosoma) annulatum
(Phascolosoma) annulatum
annulosum
annulosum
(inadequate description)
annulosum
Only one record, sp. inquirendum
anomalus
(Phascolion) strombus
antarcticum
(Goljingia) margaritacea
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Grube,1868a
cf Selenka et aI., 1883
in Halder, 1975
present author
Murina, 1981 b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Michaelsen, 1889
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Grube & Oersted,1858)
i.a. Keferstein,1863
i.a. Selenka et al.,1883
i.a. Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
Sato,1934
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler, 1977a
in Murina,1977b,1978
in Cutler & Cutler,1981
in Cutler et aI., 1984
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
antillarum
Antillesoma
antillarum
appendiculata
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
• Antillesoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
antillarum
antillarum
antillarum
(Antillesoma) antillarum
(Antillesoma) antillarum
antillarum
appendiculata
(Goljingia) appendiculata
appendiculata
appendiculata
appendiculata
appendiculata
(Goljingia) muricaudata
23
24
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
appendiculatum
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Golfingia
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phascolosoma
= Golfingia
appendiculatum
appendiculatum
(Golfingia) muricaudata
approximatum
(Golfingiella) approximata
species inquirendum
approximatum
species inquirendum
Siphonosoma
arcassonense
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
arcassonense
(Siphonosoma) arcassonense
(Siphonosoma) arcassonense
Sat6,1934
in Murina,1964b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Roule, 1898
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler et al,1983
Roule, 1898
in Cutler et aI., 1983
(Cuenot, 1 902)
Cuenot,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
(Gray,1828)
Gray, 1828
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Selenka & de Man,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Selenka & de Man,1883
Selenka et al.,1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Danielssen & Koren, 1880
in Danielssen & Koren,1881
in Selenka et al..1883
in Theel, 1905
in Southern, 1913a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Gray, 1828
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Danielssen & Koren, 1880
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Ikeda, 1904
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Ikeda, 1904
in Sat6,1939
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
approximata
approximatum
arcassonense
arcuatum
arcuatum malaccense
arcuatum malaccensis
armatum
arcuatus
armatus
artijiciosum
artijiciosus
aspergillus
aspergillum
asperum
aspidosiphonoides
Phascolosoma
arcuatum
Siphunculus
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
= Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Siphunculus
• Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
arcuatus
(Phascolosoma) arcuatum arcuatum
(Phascolosoma) arcuatum
arcuatum malaccensis
(Phascolosoma) arcuatum malaccense
(Phascolosoma) arcuatum
arcuatum malaccensis
arcuatum malaccensis
(Phascolosoma) arcuatum
armatum
armatum
armatum
armatum
armatum
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
arcuatus
(Phascolosoma) arcuatum
armatus
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
artijiciosus
artijiciosum
artijiciosum
artijiciosum
(Phascolion) strombus
artijiciosus
artijic/Osus
(Phascolion) strom bus
REFERENCE
Cloeosiphon
aspergillus
Hqオ。エイャセヲァ・ウLQXVUI@
Loxosiphon
• Cloeosiphon
Loxosiphon
Echinosiphon
Cloeosiphon
• Cloeosiphon
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
aspergillus
aspergillus
aspergillus
aspergillum
aspergillum
aspergillus
asperum
asperum
(Phascolosoma) pacijicum
aspidosiphonoides
rutilofuscum
Quatrefages,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Quatrefages, 1865
in Sluiter,1884
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Grube, 1868a
in Selenka et aI., 1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Fischer, 1922b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
asser
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
Physeosoma
Physeosoma
Physeosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
=Antillesoma
asser
asser
asser
asser
asser
asser
asser
(Antillesoma) asser
(Antillesoma) antillarum
antillarum
Selenka & de Man,1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Sluiter, I 886
in Fisher,1895,1914,1922
in Sluiter,1902
in Shipley,1903
in Leroy,1936
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
in Gibbs & Cutler,1987
(Keferstein,1865)
Keferstein, I 865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Sato,1939
new status in Cutler & Cutler,1982
Keferstein, I 865
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
australe
australe takatsukii
australis
Siphonosonw.
australe australe
Phaseolosoma
Siphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
§jphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
Phaseolosoma
Sipuneulus
• Siphonosoma
australe
(Siphonosoma) australe
(Siphonosoma) australe
australe takatsukii
(Siphonosoma) australe takatsukii
australe
australis
(Siphonosoma) australe
Siphuneulus
= Sipuneulus
Stephanostoma
= Goljingia
Phaseolion
Phaseolion
= Phaseolion
Phaseolion
Phaseolion
= Phaseolion
Phaseolosoma
Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Sipuneulus
= Phaseolion
Sipuneulus
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
= Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
balanophorus
nudus
barentsii
margaritaeea
beklemisehevi
beklemisehevi
(lsomya) eonvestitum
beklemisehevi
beklemisehevi
(lsomya) tubereulosum
benhami
(Phaseoloides) benhami
abyssorum benhami
bernhardus
strombi
billitonensis
billitonense
(Damosiphon) edule
(Dasmosiphon) eumanense
billitonensis
billitonensis
billitonensis
billitonensis
(Damosiphon) edule
(Dasmosiphon) eumanense
B
balanophorus
barentsii
beklemisehevi
beklemisehevi
benhami
bernhardus
billitonense
billitonensis
birsteini
blanda
blandum
Golfingia
birsteini
• Goljingia
(Goljingia) birsteini
Themiste
blanda
Dendrostoma
Themiste
• Themiste
Dendrostoma
• Themiste
blandum
blanda
(Themiste) blanda
blandum
(Themiste) blanda
Chiaje,1828
in Leroy,1942
Horst,1882
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Murina, 1964c
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Murina, 1964c
sensu Cutler & C.,1979
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Stephen, 1948
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
new status in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Forbes,1841
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Sluiter, 1886
in Stephen, 1941 a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1982
Sluiter, I 886
in Sluiter, 1891,1902
in Shipley, I 899a, 1902
in Lanchester,1905b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Murina 1973
in Cutler & Cutler, I 987
(Selenka & de Man,1883)
i.a. Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Selenka & de Man,1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
25
26
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
STATUS
STATUS
AUTHORSHIP
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
GENUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
REFERENCE
blandum
Dendrostoma
Dendrostomum
= Themiste
blandum
blandum
(Themiste) pyroides
Seienka & de Man, 1883
in Fischer, 1922a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
bogorovi
boholense
boholensis
bonhourei
boreale
borealis
botulum
botulus
branchiatum
branchiatus
branchiatus nudus
brasiliensis
brocki
brotzkajae
bulbosa
Continues next page
Phascolion
bogorovi
Murina,I973
Phascolion
• Phascolion
bogorovi
(Phascolion) bogorovi
Murina,1973a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Siphonosoma
boholense
(Selenka & Billow,1883)
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
Sipunculus
• Siphonosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Sipunculus
= Nephasoma
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Sipunculus
Xenosiphon
• Xenosiphon
boholensis
(Siphonosoma) boholense
(Siphonosoma) boholense
boholensis
(Siphonosoma) boholense
bonhourei
bonhourei
(Siphonosoma) bonhourei
incertae sedis
boreale
boreale
boreale
boreale
boreale
(Phascoloides) eremita eremita
eremita
(Phascolosomum) borealis
eremita
botulus
botulum
incertae sedis
botulus
incertae sedis
mundanus branchiatus
branchiatum
branchiatus branchiatus
i.a. Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Selenka & Biilow,1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Herubel,1904a
in Herubel,1907
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1982
Keferstein,1865
in Baird, 1868
in Diesing,1851,1859
in '/errill,1874
in Koren & Danielssen,1877
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Quatrefages,1865
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Selenka,1885
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Selenka,1885
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Fischer, 1895
in Fisher,1947
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Xenosiphon
branchiatus branchiatus
(Fischer,1895)
Sipunculus
Xenosiphon
• Xenosiphon
Xenosiphon
• Xenosiphon
Aspidoslphon
= Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Goljingw
mundanus branchiatus
branchiatus
branchiatus branchiatus
branchiatus nudus
branchiatus nudus
brasiliensis
laevis
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
brocki
brocki
brocki
brocki
brocki
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
brotzkajae
brotzkajae
brotzkajae
(Phascolion) strombus
bulbosa
(Phascoloides) bulbosa
Fischer,1895
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Cutler & Cutler,I985
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Cordero & Mello-Leitao,1952
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Augener,1903
in Murina,1967b
in Rice, 1970,1975
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Rice & Macintyre, 1979
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Murina,1964c
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Murina & Zavodnik,1979
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Southern, 1913 a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS} & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
bulbosa
Golfingia
Golfingia
_Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
_Nephasoma
bulbosa
(Phascoloides) bulbosa
bulbosum
bulhosum
bulbosum
(Phascoloides) bulbosa
bulbosum
in Cutler,1973
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
(Southern,1913)
Sipunculus
= Phascolion
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolosoma
- Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
- Golfingia
Nephasoma
Nephasoma
_Nephasoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
_Nephasoma
Apionsoma
Physcosoma
Fisherana
Golfingia
_Apionsoma
Physcosoma
_Apionsoma
Phascolosomum
= Phascolion
Sipunculus
=Phascolion
Phascolosoma
= Golfingia
Xenosiphon
- Xenosiphon
Xenosiphon
Xenosiphon
= Xenosiphon
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
caementarium
strombi
cantabriensis
cantabriensis
margaritacea
(Golfingia) margaritacea
canum
canum
(Montagu) lutense
capense
(Golfingia) capensis
capensis
(Golfingia) capensis
(Golfingia) capensis
capilleforme
capilleforme
capilleforme
capilleformis
capilleformis
capilleforme
capitata
capitatum
capitata
(Apionsoma) capitata
bulhosum
C
caementarium
cantabriensis
canum
capense
capensis
capil1eforme
capilleformis
capitata
capitatum
capitatum
capitatus
capsiforme
caribaeum
caribaeus
carneum
carolinense
Continues next page
revision of genera
capitatum
capitata
capitatum
strombi
capitatus
strombi
capsiforme
(Golfingia) margaritacea
caribaeum
caribaeus
caribaeum
caribaeus
branchiatus branchiatus
carneum
carneum
carneum
incertae sedis
carneum
(Phascolosoma) scolops
carolinense
carolinense
Southern, 1913a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Quatrefages, 186 5
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Edmonds, 1960
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Cutler & Cutler,1980a
in Gibbs,1985
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Teuscher, 1874
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Teuscher,1874)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
(Murina,1973)
(Murina,1973b)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Murina,1973b
in Frank,1983
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Gerould,1913)
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler, 1979
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
Gerould,1913
(Gerould,1913)
Diesing,1851
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Rathke, 1843
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Baird,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Fisher, 1954a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Fisher,1954a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Ruppell & Leuckart,1828
in Diesing,1859
in Baird,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Saiz Salinas,1989
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Fischer, 1928
in Nishikawa,1977
27
28
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
carolinense
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Cloeosiphon
= Cloeosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Thysanocardia
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
• Thysanocardia
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Thysanocardia
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Thysanocardia
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Sipunculus
Pseudaspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Sipunculus
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
(Damosiphon) carolinense
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
carolinum
aspergillus
carolinus
carolinus
carolinus
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
catharinae
catharinae
(Thysanocardia) catharinae
(Thysanocardia) catharinae
catharinae
catharinae
catharinae
procera
catharinae
catharinae
(Thysanocardia) catharinae
nigra
caupo
(Phascolion) caupo
charcoti
charcoti
charcoti
(Golfingia) charcoti
(Golfingia) elongata
chuni
(Phascoloides) chuni
chuni
ineertae sedis
cinctum
(Phascoloides) cincta
minuta
diaphanes diaphanes
cinctum
diaphanes diaphanes
cinereum
(Phascoloides) cinerea
pellucidum pellucidum
cinereum
(Phascoloides) cinerea
pellucidum pellucidum
cirratum
(Villiophora) cirratum
cirratus
(Villiophora) cirratum
clavatus
clavatum
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
clavatus
clavatus
clavatus
clavatus
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1982
Ikeda, 1924
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Sato,1935
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
(Grube,1868)
Grube, 1868b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Gibbs et al.,1983
Grube, 1868b
in Sluiter, 1912
in Gibbs et al.,1983
Grube, 1868b
in Sato,1937b
in Cutler, 1977b
in Gibbs et al.,1983
Hendrix,1975
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Herubel,1906
in Herubel,1906a,b;1908
in Fischer, 1929
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Fischer, 1916
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Murina,1973a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Gerould,1913
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Murina,1968
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Murina,1968a
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Blainville,1827
in Baird,1868
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Blainville,1827
in Diesing,1851
in Cuenot,I922
in Herubel,I924
carolinum
carolinus
catharinae
catharinae
catharinae
caupo
charcoti
chuni
cineca
cinctum
cinerea
cinereum
cirratum
cirratus
clavatum
clavatus
Continues next page
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
elavatus
claviger
cluthensis
eoehlearium
eoehlearius
collare
commune
eoneharum
eonfusa
eonfusa zarenkovi
confusum
eonstellatum
eonstrieta
constricticervix
constrictum
convestitum
eonvestitus
eorallieola
STATUS
GENUS
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Sipuneulus
= Siphonosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Goljingia
Sipuneulus
= Phaseolosoma
= Aspidosiphon
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolion
Phaseolion
Phaseolion
• Phaseolion
commune
= Goljingia
Sipunculus
= Phaseolion
Phaseolosoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Phascolion
Phaseolion
• Phaseolion
Phaseolion
• Phaseolion
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
clavatus
clavatus
clavatus
in Leroy,1936
in Akesson,1958
in Voss-Foucart et al.,1977
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
incertae sedis
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
claviger
(Dasmosiphon) eumanense
cluthensis
elongata
eoehlearius
incertae sedis
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
eoehlearius
eoehlearius
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
collare
eollare
eollare
(Lesenka) eollare
Phaseolosoma
(Goljingia) vulgariS
eoneharum
strombi
eonfusum
(Phaseoloides) eonfusa
eonfusum
eonfusa zarenkovi
eonfusum
confusum
eonfusum
(Phaseoloides) eonfusa
eonfusum
eonstellatum
incertae sedis
constrietum
(Phaseoloides) eonstrieta
eonstrietum
constricticervix
eonstrietieervix
eonstricticervix
constrictum
eonstrietum
(Phaseoloides) eonstrieta
eonstrietum
convestitum
eonvestitum
(Jsomya) eonvestitum
eonvestitus
(Isomya) eonvestitum
eorallieola
eorallieola
eorallieola
eorallieola
jukesii
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler,1982
Stephen,1931
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Valenciennes, I 854
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Valenciennes, I 854
in Saiz-Salinas,1986
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Selenka & de Man,1883
in Selenka et aI., 1883
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Keferstein, 1863
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Oersted,1844
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Sluiter,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Murina,1974a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Sluiter,1902)
Sluiter,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Quatrefages, 1865)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Southem,1913a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
(Cutler,1969)
Cutler, 1969
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Southern,1913)
Southem,1913a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Sluiter,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Sluiter, 1902
in Shipley,1903
in Stephen & Robertson, 1952
in Cutler,1965
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
29
30
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
corallicola
corallicolum
corallicolus
coriacea
coriacea
coriaceum
coriaceus
coyi
crassum
cristatus
cronullae
cryptum
cryptus
cumanense
cumanense koreae
cumanense opacus
I
). cumanense semirugosum
cumanense yapense
cumanensis
Sipunculans of the world
STATUS
STATUS
AUTHORSHIP
GENUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
REFERENCE
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Golfingia
= Themiste
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phascolosoma
= Golfingia
Sipunculus
= Golfingia
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Lithacrosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
• Lithacrosiphon
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Siphonosoma
Phascolosoma
Siphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
corallicola
(Phascolosoma) corallicolum
ten Broeke,I925
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
incertae sedis
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
ten Broeke,1925
corallicola
(Phascolosoma) corallicolum
in Stephen & Edmonds,l;}72
incertae sedis
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Pourtales,1851
corallicolus
incertae sedis
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Murina,1972
coriacea
(Lagenopsis) minor minor
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Keferstein, 186 5
coriaceum
(Thysanocardia) coriacea
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972 .
(Phascoloides) pellucida
p.175 in Cutler & Murina,1977
coriaceum
Keferstein, 1865
(Phascoloides) pellucida
in Cutler & Murina,1977
Quatrefages, 1865
coriaceus
inadequate description
cf Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
coyi
Quatrefages,1865
incertae sedis
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Paraspidosiphon) coyi
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
crassum
Spengel in Fischer, 1919a
(Hesperosiphon) vastum
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
(Sluiter,1902)
cristatus
Sluiter, 1902
cristatus
cristatus
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
cristatus
in Cutler & Jurczak, 1975
Edmonds, 1980
cronullae
(Phascolion) strombus cronullae
new status in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Hendrix,1975
cryptum
(Lesenka) cryptum
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
cryptus
Hendrix, 1975
(Lesenka) cryptum
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
(Keferstein,1867)
cumanense
cumanense
Keferstein, 1867
(Damosiphon) .cumanense cumanense
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Sato,1939
cumanense koreae
(Damosiphon) cumanense koreae
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
cumanensis opacus
Selenka & Biilow,1883
in Selenka et al. ,1883
cumanensis opacus
(Damosiphon) cumanensis opacus
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
cumanense semlrugosum
Grube, 1368
cumanense semirugosum
in Selenka et al. ,1883
(Damosiphon) cumanense semirugosum
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Sato,1935
cumanense yapense
(Damosiphon) cumanense yapense
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
(deduced by the present author)
cumanense
Keferstein,1867
cumanensis
in Selenka et aI., 1883
(Damosiphon) cumanense cumanense
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58 : 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS} & SPECIES
cumanensis opacus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Siphonosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Siphonosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Nephasoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Themiste
Dendrostomum
Themiste
• Themiste
cumanensis opacus
cumanensis opacus
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
cumanensis vitreus
cumanensis vitreus
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
cumingii
cumingii
cumingii
cumingii
cumingii
cumingii
cumingii
cumingii
cumingii
cumingii
cumingii
cumingii
cumingii
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
cutleri
cutleri
cutleri
cylindratum
(Goljingia) cylindrata
elongata
(Goljingia) elongata
cylindratum
cylindratum
cylindratum
cylindratum
(Goljingia) elongata
cylindricus
cylindricus
(AsPidosiphon) elegans
cylindricus
cylindricus
cumanensis vitreus
cumingii
cutleri
cylindrata
cylindratum
cylindricus
cylindricus
cymodoceae
species inquirendum
cymodoceae
cymodoceae
cymodoceae
(Lagenopsis) cymodoceae
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
Selenka & BOlow,1883
in Selenka et aI., 1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Selenka & BOlow,1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Baird, 1868
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Fischer,1892,1922b
in Collin, 1892
in Sluiter, 1898, 1902
in Augener,1903
in Herubel,1904b
in Monro,1931
in Leroy, 1936
in Andrew & Andrew, 1953
in Rice & Stephen, 1970
in Cutler, 1973
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
(Murina, 1975)
Murina, 1975
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Keferstein,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Murina, 1977
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Keferstein,1865
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Gerould,1913
in Leroy, 1936
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Horst, 1899
in Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Horst, 1899
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
(Edmonds,1956)
Edmonds, 1956
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
D
dayi
deani
deformis
dehamata
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
Phymosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
= Siphonosoma
Themiste
Themiste
• Themiste
dayi
(Siphonosoma) dayi
(Siphonosoma) dayi
deani
(Phascolosoma) deani
(Phascolosoma) deani
(Phascolosoma) arcuatum
deformis
(Damosiphon) cumanense cumanense
dehamata
dehamata
(Lagenopsis) dehamata
Stephen,1942
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Ikeda, 1905
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Baird, 1868
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Kesteven,1903)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
31
32
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
dehamatum
Dendrostoma
Dendrostomum
• Themiste
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
= Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Sipunculus
= Phascolion
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
_Nephasoma
Phymosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
dehamatum
dehamata
(Lagenopsis) dehamata
delagei
(Phascoloides) delagei
incertae sedis
incertae sedis
delphinus
titubans
nudus
demanni
demani
incertae sedis
demanni
incertae sedis
dentalicola
(Jsomya) hedraeum
dentalicola
dentalicolum
dentalicolum
dentalicolum
dentalicolum
dentalicolum
(Isomya) hedraeum
dentalii
strombi
dentigerum
dentigerum
dentigerum
dentigerum
dentigerum
dentigerum
dentigerum
dentigerum
dentigerum
dentigerum
dentigerum
dentigerum
(Phascolosoma) perlucens
depressum
(Phascoloides) depressa
species inquirendum
depressum
species inquirendum
derjugini
(Goljingia) elongata
diaphanes diaphanes
diaphanes
diaphanes diaphanes
diaphanes
(Phascolosoma) diaphanes
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
!!is!phanes corrugatum
diaphanes corrugatum
Kesteven, 1903
in Edmonds,1956
in Cutler & Cutler,1988
Herubel,1903
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Gibbs,1973
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Murina, 1967c
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Sluiter, 1891
in Sluiter,1902
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
Sluiter, 1891
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
Sato,1937b
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Sato,1937b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Murina)978
in Cutler, 1977a
in Cutler &.Cutler,1980b
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Gray,1828
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Selenka & de Man, 1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Sluiter,1886
in Sluiter,1891,1902
in Shipley,1898,1902
in Augener,1903
in Fischer,I922a,I922b
in Monro,1931
in Fisher,1952
in Murina, 1964a, 1972
in Cutler, 1965
in Cutler & Kirsteuer,1968
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Sluiter,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Gadd,1911
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
delagei
delphinus
demani
demanni
dentalicola
dentalicolum
dentalii
dentigerum
depressa
depressum
derjugini
diaphanes
diaphanes
dia12.hanes corrugatum
セィ。ウッュ@
_Nephasoma
(Gerould,1913)
Gerould,19l3
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Sluiter,1886
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Cutler & Cutler,1986
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
digitatum
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
= Sipuneulus
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Fisherana
= Golfingia
= Apionsoma
Phaseolion
= Onehnesoma
Phaseolosoma
= Golfingia
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Themiste
Dendrostomum
Themiste
• Themiste
Dendrostomum
• Themiste
digitatum
(Phaseoloides) eremita eremita
eremita
diserepans
diserepans
diserepans
diserepans
indieus
dissors
dissors
papillifera
(Apionsoma) papillifera
Sipuneulus
= Sipuneulus
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Lumbrieus
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
= Siphonosoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Aspidosiphon
Sternaspis
Loxosiphon
Phaseolosoma
Sipuneulus
eehinorhynehus
Delle Chiaje,1823
incertae sedis
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
diserepans
dissors
dogieli
dubium
dunwiehi
duplieigranulatum
dyscrita
dyseritum
revision of genera
dogieli
steenstrupii
dubium
(Golfingia) vulgaris
dunwiehi
(Phaseolosoma) dunwiehi
(Phaseolosoma) seolops
duplieigranulatum
duplieigranulatum
(Satonus) duplieigranulatum
(Phaseolosoma) cf. nigreseens
(Phaseolosoma) nigreseens
dyscrita
dyseritum
dyserita
(Themiste) dyserita
dyseritum
(Themiste) dyserita
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
Theel,1875
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Sluiter,1898
in Fischer,1913,1914b
in Leroy,1942
in Sato,1935
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Selenka & de Man, 1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler, 1979
in Gibbs & Cutler,1987
Murina,1964e
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Theel,1875 (b)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Edmonds, 1956
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Sluiter,1886
in Shipley,1899b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
(Fisher,1952)
Fisher, 1952
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Fisher, 1952
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
E
セ@
eehinorhynehus
edule
edulis
elaehea
elegans
Continues next page
edule
edule
edule
(Damosiphon) edule
(Dasmosiphon) edule
(Dasmosiphon) eumanense
edulis
edulis
edulis
edulis
edulis
(Dasmosiphon) eumanense
elaehea
(Phaseoloides) elaehea
eremita
elegans
elegans
elegans
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
elegans
(Pallas, 1774)
in Sato,1939
in Halder,1975
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
in Cutler & Cutler,1982
Pallas, 1774
in Sluiter, 1882b, 1886, 1891
in Selenka et aI., 1883
in Shipley,1899a
in Lanchester,1905b
in Cutler & Cutler,1982
Fisher, 1952
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Chamisso & Eysenhardt,1821)
Chamisso & Eysenhardt,1821
in Diesing,1851
in Grube,1868a
in B1ainville,1827
33
Sipunculans of the world
34
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
elegans
elegans elegans
elegans yapensis
elisae
elliptiea
elliptieum
elongata
elongatum
elongatum qUinquepunctatum
eniwetoki
eremita
eremita
eremita eremita
eremita australe
eremita australe
eremita australis
eremita ealiforniea
eremita seabra
STATUS
STATUS
AUTHORSHIP
GENUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
REFERENCE
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Dendrostoma
Themiste
Themiste
Themiste
= Themiste
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
= Themiste
Golfingia
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
• Golfingia
Phaseolosoma
elegans elegans
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
elegans
elegans elegans
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
elegans yapensis
elegans yapensis
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
elisae
wodjanizkii elisae
elliptieum
elliptiea
elliptiea
elliptiea
(Lagenopsis) dehamata
elliptieum
elliptieum
(Lagenopsis) dehamata
elongata
elongatum
(Golfingia) elongata
(Golfingia) elongata
elongatum
(Golfingia) elongata
elongatum quinquepunetatum
elongata
reference not shown
eniwetoki
(Siphonosoma) eniwetoki
(Siphonosoma) rotumanum
eremita
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
eremita
eremita
eremita
(Phaseoloides) eremita eremita
eremita
eremita
(Phaseoloides) eremita eremita
eremita
eremita australis
eremita australe
pellueidum pellueidum
eremita australis
eremita australis
eremita australis
(Phaseoloides) eremita australe
eremita
eremita australis
eremita australis
eremita
eremita ealiforniea
eremita
eremita sea bra
(Phaseoloides) eremita seabra
eremita
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
(Chamisso & Eysenhardt,1821)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Sato,1935
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Murina,1977a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Sato,1934
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Sato,1934
in Sato,1939
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
• Golfingia
Phaseolosoma
= Golfingia
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Nephasonlfl
Sipuneulus
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
• Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Golfingia
• Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Nephasoma
= Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Nephasoma
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
(Keferstein,1863 )
Keferstein, 1863
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Keferstein, 1863
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Herubel,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Fisher, 1950b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Diesing, 1859
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
(Sars,1851 )
Sars,1851
i.a. Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Sars, 1851)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Benham, 1922
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1959a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Benham 1922
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1963
in Murina,1972
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Benham, 1922
in Fischer, 1929
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Fisher, 1952
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
セ@
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
eremitus
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
eremitus
incertae sedis
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
esculenta
esculenta
(Phascolosoma) arcuatum
esculentum
(Phascolosoma) esculentum
(Phascolosoma) arcuatum
evisceratum
(Phascolosoma) evisceratum
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
exasperatum
incertae sedis
exhaustum
exhaustum
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
exhaustum
exhaustus
exhaustus
exhaustus
exhaustus
exhaustus
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
exhaustus mirus
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
esculenta
esculentum
evisceratum
exasperatum
exhaustum
exhaustus
exhaustus mirus
exiguus
exilis
eximioclathratus
exostomum
exostomus
extortum
Aspidosiphon
exiguus
• Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
(Aspidosiphon) exiguus
exilis
exilis
exilis
exilis
exilis
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
eximioclathratus
nudus
exostomum
(Paraspidosiphon) steenstrupii
exostomum
exostomus
(Paraspidosiphon) steenstrupii
extortum
(Phascolosoma) extortum
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Lesinia
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
falcidentatum
falcidentatum
(Satonus)falcidentatum
incertae sedis
farcimen
muelleri
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
fascialum
(Phascolosoma) granulatum
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
Diesing, 1859
p.340 in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
p.231 in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Chen &Yeh,1958
in Murina,1964a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Chen & Yeh,1958
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Lanchester,1905b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Stimpson, 1864
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Sluiter, 1912
in Murina,1971a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Sluiter,1912
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Murina,1972,1978
in Cutler & Cutler,1979a,1980a
in Edmonds,1980
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Murina,1974b
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Edmonds, 1974
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Sluiter, 1886
in Sluiter,1891,1902
in Leroy, 1942
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Edmonds,1980
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Baird, 1868
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Johnson,1965
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Johnson,1965
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
F
falcidentatum
farcimen
fasciatum
Sluiter,1882 (b)
in Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
Schmidt,1854
in Selenka et aI., 1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Baird,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
35
36
Sipunculans o/the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS} & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
fasciolatum
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
_Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Golfingia
-Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
_ Aspidosiphon
Dendrostomum
Themiste
= Themiste
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
-Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
_Nephasoma
Syrinx
Phascolosoma
= Golfingia
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Phascolosoma
= Golfingia
Siphonosoma
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
fasciolatum
incertae sedis
filiforme
filiforme
(Phascoloides)filiformis
filiforme
filiforme
(Phascoloides)filiformis
fillforme
fimbriatum
(Phascoloides)fimbriata
fimbriata
species inquirendum
fimbriatum
species inquirendum
flScheri
fischeri
(Paraspidosiphon)fischeri
fisheri
fisheri
(Lagenopsis) dehamata
fischeri cubanus
fischeri cubanus
fischeri cubanus
(Paraspidosiphon)fischeri
fischeri
fischeri fischeri
(Paraspidosiphon) fischeri
flagriferum
(Phascoloides)flagrifera
flagriferum
flagriferum
flagriferum
(Phascoloides)flagrifera
flagriferum
forbesii
forbesii
(Golfingia) elongata
formosanus
formosanus
formosanus
formosanus
(Paraspidosiphon) tenuis
formosense
(Phascolosoma)formosense
(Phascolosoma) agassizii
formosum
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
fulgens
(Golfingia) margaritacea
funafuti
funafuti
(Siphonosoma)funafuti
(Siphonosoma)funafuti
(Brandt, 183 5)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
(Sluiter,1902)
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Sluiter, 1902)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Murina,1976
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
ten Broeke,1925
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Amor,1964
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Murina,1967b
in Murina,1967c
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
ten Broeke,1925
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Selenka,1885
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Selenka,1885)
Selenka,1885
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
McCoy,1845
in Baird,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Sato,1939
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Edmonds,1971,1980
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Sato,1939
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Sato, 1939
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Theei,1875 (b)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Shipley,1898)
Shipley, 1898
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
filiforme
filiformis
fimbriata
fimbriatum
flScheri
fisheri
fischeri cubanus
fischeri fischeri
flagrifera
flagriferum
forbesii
formosanus
formosense
formosum
fulgens
funafuti
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
funafotiense
fusca
fuscum
fuscum
fuscum
fuscus
STATUS
STATUS
AUTHORSHIP
GENUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
REFERENCE
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Dendrostomum
Themiste
Themiste
= Themiste
Dendrostomum
Themiste
= Themiste
Phascolosoma
=Phymosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Antillesoma
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
funafutiense
(Phascolosoma)funafutiense
(Phascolosoma)funafutiense
(Phascolosoma) glabrum glabrum
fuscum
fusca
fusca
(Lagenopsis) minor minor
fuscum
fusca
(Lagenopsis) minor minor
fuscum
antillarum
Keferstein personal comm.
(Antillesoma) antillarum
antillarum
fuscum
margaritacea
fuscus
fuscus
the year 1882
fuscus
fuscus
steenstrupii steenstrupii
(paraspidosiphon) steenstrupii
Fischer, 1914b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Edmonds, 1960
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Edmonds, 1980
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Edmonds, 1960
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Keferstein,1862
with Selenka et al.,1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
Michaelsen, 1889
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Sluiter, 1882a
(sic) 1881 cf. Cutler & Cutler,1989
in Sluiter,1886,1891,1902
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Antillesoma
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
galapagensis
(Sipunculus) phalloides phalloides
gaudens
(Rueppellisoma) gaudens
(Antillesoma) antillarum
antillarum
georgianum
margaritacea
gerouldi
gerouldi
gerouldi
gerouldi
(Aspidosiphon) misakiensis
gigas
gigas
gigas
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
gigas
incertae sedis
Fisher, 1947
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Lanchester,1905c
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
Michaelsen, 1889
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
ten Broeke,I925
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979b
in Migotto & Ditadi,1988
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Sluiter,1884
in Sluiter, 1886, 1891, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Quatrefages,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Phascolosonw.
glabrum glabrum
(Sluiter,1902)
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
• Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Onchnesoma
Phalcolosoma
glabrum
(Phascolosoma) glabrum
(Phascolosoma) glabrum glabrum
glabrum
(Phascolosoma) glabrum glabrum
glabrum multiannulatum
multiannulatum
(Phascolosoma) glabrum multiannulatum
glaciale
glaciale
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
G
galapagensis
gaudens
georgianum
gerouldi
gigas
gigas
glabrum
glabrum glabrum
glabrum multiannulatum
glaciale
Continues next page
Wesenberg-Lund,1954
Wesenberg-Lund, 19 54
new status in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Danielssen & Koren, 1880
in Roule,1896
37
38
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
glaciale
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Sipunculus
= Slpunculus
Golfingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Themiste
= Themiste
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Themiste
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
glaciale
glaciale
glaciale
lilljeborgi
glacialis
(Phascoloides) glacialis
glacialis
glacialis
glacialis
lilljeborgi
glacialis
(Phascoloides) glacialis
capilleforme
glans
incertae sedis
glauca
(Thysanocardia) glauca
(Thysanocardia) glauca
glauca
Hl。ァ・セッーウゥI@
lageniformis
glauca
maybe a printer's error? p.705
glaucum
(Thysanocardia) glauca
(Lagenopsis) lageniformis
glaucum
(Phascolosoma) glaucum
(Phascolosoma) agassizii
glossipapillosum
glossipapillosa
p.91
glossipapillosa
glossipapillosa
(Goljingia) margaritacea
glossipapillosum
(Goljingia) margaritacea
(Rueppel/isoma) golikovi
(PhascolosGma)japonicum
(Phascolosoma) agassizii
irr Theel, 1905
in Fischer,1929
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1930, 1932
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Danielssen & Koren, 1880)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Gibbs,1982
in Cutler & Cutler, 1980b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Danielssen & Koren,1880)
in Murina, 1964c
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Quatrefages,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
(Lanchester, 1905b)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1977b
in Gibbs et a/.,1983
in Cutler & Cutler,1988
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Lanchester, 1905 b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1988
Sato,1930
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Sato,1934
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Murina,1977b
iy, Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Sato,1934
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Murina,1975a
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Aspidosiphon
gosnoldi
Cutler,1981
• Aspidosiphon
(Aspidosiphon) gosnoldi
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Phascolopsis
gouldii
(Pourtales,1851 )
Sipunculus
Phascolosomum
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Phascolopsis
• Phascolopsis
gouldii
gouldii
gouldii
(Phascolopsis) gouldii
gouldii
gouldii
Pourtales,1851
in Diesing,1859
i.a. Keferstein,1865
in Fisher,1950b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Gibbs & Cutler,1987
gracilis
Aspidosiphon
gracilis gracilis
(Baird,1868)
gracilis gracilis
Pseudoaspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
gracilis
gracilis
(Aspidosiphon) gracilis gracilis
(Aspidosiphon) gracilis graCilis
(Aspidosiphon) graCilis gracilis
graciliS schnehageni
(Aspidosiphon) graCilis schnehageni
Baird,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
(Baird,1868)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
glacialis
glacialis
glans
glauca
glaucum
glaucum
glossipapillosa
glossipapillosum
golikovi
gosnoldi
gouldii
gracilis schnehageni
Fischer,1913
new status in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
grandis
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
grandis
grandis
grandis
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
grandis obliquoscutatus
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
Sato,1939
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1981
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Murina,1974b
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
grandis obliquoscutatus
granulatum
granulatum
gravieri
grayi
gurjanovae
guttatum
Phascolosoma
granulatum
Leuckart,1828
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Xenosiphon
= Xenosiphon
Phascolosoma
= Phascolpsoma
Lithacrosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
= Lithacrosiphon
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
(Phascolosoma) granulatum
(Phascolosoma) granulatum
granulatum
granulatum
granulatum
(Phascolosoma) stephensoni
gravieri
branchiatus
branchiatus branchiatus
grayi
(Phascolosoma) noduliferum
gurjanovae
gurjanovae
cristatus
guttatum
incertae sedis
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Leuckart,1828
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1959a (part)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979b
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Herubel,1904c
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Baird,1868
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Murina, 1967b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Jurczak,1975
(Quatrefages, 1865)
in Stephen & e、ュッョセLQYWR@
Phascolosoma
= Phascolion
Stephanostoma
Phascolosoma
= Golfingia
= Golfingia
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Syrinx
Phascolosoma
= Golfingia
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Siphonosoma
hamulatum
strombi
hanseni
hanseni
margaritacea hanseni
(Golfingia) margaritacea
hartmeyeri
hartmeyeri
(Akrikos) albus
hartmeyeri
hartmeyeri
hartmeyeri
hartmeyeri
hartmeyeri
hartmeyeri
(Aspidosiphon) misakiensis
harveyii
harveyii
(Golfingia) vulgaris vulgaris
hataii
hataii
(Damosiphon) carolinense
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
havelockensis
(Paraspidosiphon) tenuis
hawaiense
(Siphonosoma) rotumanum
(Siphonosoma)funafuti
hebes
(Satonus) hebes
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
Packard,1867
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Danielssen & Koren, 1881
in Theel,1905
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Fischer,1919a
in Wesenberg-Lund,1957,1959 a,b
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Fischer,1919a
in Fischer,I926
in Edmonds,1956,1980
in Murina, 1967c
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler,1977a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Forbes, 1841
in Diesing, 1859
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Sato,1935
in Sato,1939
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1982
Halder,1978
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Edmonds,1966
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
H
hamulatum
hanseni
hartmeyeri
hartmeyeri
harveyii
hataii
havelockensis
hawaiense
hebes
39
Sipunculans of the world
40
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
hedraeum
Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Themiste
Themiste
• Themiste
Centrosiphon
Centrosiphon
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
=Aspidosiphon
Dendrostoma
Themiste
Themiste
Themiste
= Themiste
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostomum
Themiste
= Themiste
Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Aspidosiphon
,,; Aspidosiphon
hedraeum
hedraeum
(Isomya) hedraeum
hennahi
hennahi
(Themiste) hennahi
herdmani
herdmani
herdmani
(Goljingia) vulgaris herdmani
heronis
(Phascolosoma) heronis
(Phascolosoma) stephensoni
herouardi
granulatum
hespera
hespera
(Mitosiphon) hespera
hespera
(Mitosiphon) hespera
(Mitosiphon) misakiana
heterocyathi
heterocyathi
muelleri reference (McDonnald) not shown
heteropapillosum
heteropapillosum
heteropapillosum
(Ph{Ucolion) abnorme
heteropapillosum
heteropapillosum
(Isomya) hedraeum
heteropsammiarum
heteropsammiarum
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
hexadactylum
hexadactyla
hexadactyla
hexadactyla
(Themiste) pyroides
hexadactylum
hexadactylum
hexadactylum
hexadactylum
hexadactyla
(Themiste) pyroides
hibridus
hibridus
(Phascolion) hibridus
hirondellei
hirondellei
hirondellei
(Isomya) tuberculosum
hispitrofus
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
Selenka & de Man,1883
hennahi
herdmani
heronis
herouardi
hespera
heterocyathi
heteropapillosum
heteropapillosum
heteropsammiarum
hexadactyla
hexadactylum
hibridus
hirondellei
hispitrofus
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Gray,1828
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1988
Shipley, 1903
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Edmonds,1980
new status in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Edmonds, 1956
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Herubel,1903
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Chamberlain, 1920a
in Fisher..1952
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Amor,1975a
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler ,1979
McDonald,1862
in Saiz Salinas, 1986b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Wesenberg-Lund,1963
in Stephen & Cutler,1969
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Wesenberg-Lund, 1963
sensu Cutler, 1977b
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Bouvier,1894
in Saiz Salinas, 1986b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Sato,1930
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Sato,1930
in Sato,1937b,1939
in Okuda,1946
in Fisher,1952
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Murina,1981
Murina, 1981 b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Sluiter, 1900
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Gibbs,1985
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Li Greci,1980
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
homomyarium
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phascolosoma
= Golfingia
homomyarium
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
homomyarium
homomyarius
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
horsti
(Antillesoma) horsti
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
hozawai
(Thysanocardia) hozawai
hudsonianum
(Golfingia) hudsoniana
muricaudata
(Golfingia) muricaudata
hudsonianum
(Golfingia) muricaudata
homomyarius
horsti
hozawai
hudsoniana
hudsonianum
incertae sedis
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
Johnson, 1965
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Johnson, 1965
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
ten Broeke, 192 5
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Sato,1937b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
Chamberlain, 1920b
in Stephen & e、ュセ^ョウLQYWR@
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Chamberlain, 1920b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Phascolion
hupferi
Fischer,1895
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostomum
Themiste
Themiste
Themiste
= Themiste
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Golfingia
hupferi
(Lesenka) hupferi
huttoni
huttoni
huttoni
huttoni
huttoni
huttoni
(Lagenopsis) minor huttoni
hyugensis
(Thysanocardia) hyugensis
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
(Golfingia) ikedai
(Golfingia) ikedai
(GDlfingia) ikedai
(Golfingia) ikedai
(Golfingia) margaritacea
ikedai
ikedai
ikedai
ikedai
immunita
Golfingia
immunita
(Sluiter,1902)
immunitum
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
• Golfingia
Phascolosoma
• Golfingia
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
immunitum
(Siphonoides) immunita
(Golfingiella) immunita
(Apionsoma) immunita
immunitum
(Apionsoma) immunita
improvisum
improvisa
improvisa
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler et al.,1983
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler et al.,1983
Theel, 1905
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1955, 1963
in Murina,1958,1968b,1971b,
hupferi
huttoni
hyugensis
incertae sedis
Benham, 1903
in Benham, 1904
in Edmonds, 1960
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler ,1977a
in Edmonds, 1980
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Sato,1934
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
I
ikedai
ikedai
imbellis
improvisa
Continues next page
Species inquirendum
imbellis
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
Fisher,1950a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Murina,1977b
in Nishikawa, 1977
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Sato,1930
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
41
42
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
improvisa
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
Lithacrosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
= Lithacrosiphon
improvisa
(Phascoloides) improvisa
improvisa
improvisa
diaphanes diaphanes
improvisum
improvisum
improvisum
diaphanes diaphanes
inc/usus
(Sipunculus) phalloides inc/usus
incompositum
incomposita
abyssorum
incompositum
abyssorum
indicus
indicus
cristatus
Sipunculus
indicus
Sipunculus
• Sipunculus
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Xenosiphon
= Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
indicus
(Austrosiphon) indicus
indicus
indicus
(Lesenka) hupferi
indicus
(Austrosiphon) indicus
infrons
(Sipunculus) norvegicus
Siphonosoma
ingens
Siphonomecus
Siphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
ingens
(Siphonosoma) ingens
(Siphonosoma) ingens
improvisum
inc/usus
incomposita
incompositum
indicus
indicus
indicus
indicus
infrons
ingens
iniqua
Golfingia
iniqua
iniquum
Golfingia
Golfingia
• Golfingia
Phascolosoma
(Golfingia) iniqua
margaritacea
(Golfingia) iniqua
iniquum
(Golfingia) iniqua
(Golfingiella) innoxia
species inquirendum
innoxium
species inquirendum
inquilinus
inquilinis
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
inquilinus
inquilinus
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
insularis
insularis
insulans
(Phascolosoma) perlucens
innoxia
innoxium
inquilinis
inquilinus
insularis
• Golfingia
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phascolosoma
= Golfingia
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Parapidosiphon
= Phascolosoma
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
in Murina, 1972,1973a, 1978
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Arnor, 1975a
in Edmonds,1976
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Theel,1905
in Gerou1d,1913
in Wesenberg-Lund,1930, 1939
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Sluiter,1912
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Sluiter,1912
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Fischer, 1922a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Jurczak,1975
Peters,1850
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Murina,1974c
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Johnson, 1969
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
(Fisher,1947)
fゥセィ・イL@
1947
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
(Sluiter,1912)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
.:;ilStuiter, 19 12
"lin Cutler & Cutler,1987
(Sluiter,1912)
in Cut·lj:r et al.,1983
Sluiter,1912
in Cutler et al. ,1983
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Sluiter,1902
in Edmonds,1980
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Lanchester, 1905c
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
".
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
intermedia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolion
intermedium
(Phascoloides) intermedia
strombus
strombus
intermedium
intermedium
strombus
Southem,l913b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Gibbs, 1977
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Southern,1913b
in Stephen,1948
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Onchnesoma
intermedium
Murina,1976
• Onchnesoma
intermedium
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Cloeosiphon
= Cloeosiphon
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
= Goljingia
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Phascolosoma
japonicum
aspergillus
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
(Phascolosoma)japonicum
(Phascolosoma) agassizii
japonicum
japonicum
(Phascolosoma) granulatum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
(Phascolosoma) noduliferum
japonicum
japonicum
ikedai (nom. nov. pro japonicum)
(Goljingia) margaritacea
(Phymosomum)javanensis
javanense
(Phascolosoma) pacificum
(Phymosomum)javanensis
javanense
(Phascolosoma) noduliferum
(Phymosomum)javanensis
incertae sedis
(Phymosomum)javanensis
(Phascolosoma) pacificum
(Phymosomum)javanensis
incertae sedis
(Phymosomum)javanensis
(Phascolosoma) noduliferum
Ikeda, 1904
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Grube,1877
in Selenka et al.,1883 (part)
in Shipley, 1891
in Fischer,1895,1914b,I922a
in Fischer, 1923
in Ostroumov ,1909
in Chamberlain, 1920b
in Sato,1930,37,39
in Leroy, 1936
in Stephen,1942
in Fisher, 1952
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1963
in Stephen & Cutler, 1969
in Cutler, 1977b
in Cutler et aI., 1984
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Grube, 1877
in Fischer, 1922b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Grube, 1877
in Selenka et al.,1883 (part)
in Stephen, 1948
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Ikeda, 1904
in Chin, 1947
Fisher,1950a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Quatrefages,1865
in Baird, 1868 (part)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Quatrefages,1865
in Baird, 1868 (part)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Quatrefages, 1865 (part)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Saiz Salinas, 1984b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Quatrefages, 1865 (part)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Saiz Salinas, 1984b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
intermedium
intermedium
J
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
japonicum
javanense
javanense
javanensis
javanensis
43
44
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
javanicum
Cloeosiphon
= Cloeosiphon
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
? Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
javanicum
aspergillus
jeffreysii
(Phascolosoma) granulatum
johnstoni
johnstoni
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
johnstoni
Sluiter, 1886
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Baird, 1868
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Edmonds, 1980
in Lopez et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
(Forbes, 1841 )
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Forbes,1841
in Southern, 1913a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Herubel,1905
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Baird, 1873
in Rice & Stephen, 1970
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979a
in Edmonds, 1980
in Saiz Salinas, 1986b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
(Phascolosoma) kapalum
(Phascolosoma) turnerae
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzingeri
klunzi ngeri
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
kolense
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
kolense
(Goljingia) kolensis
(Goljingia) kolensis
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
koreae
(Damosiphon) cumanense koreae
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
kovaleskii
kovaleskii
kovaleskii
jeffreysii
johnstoni
johnstoni
johnstoni
joubini
jukesii
incertae sedis
johnstoni
johnstoni
minutum
joubini
(Siphonosoma)jou/}ini
incertae sedis
jukesii
jukesii
jukesii
jukesii
jukesii
jukesii
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
K
kapalum
klunzingeri
kolense
kolensis
koreae
kovaleskii
Continues next page
Edmonds, 1985
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Selenka & Biilow,1883
in Fischer, 1896, 1914a
in Sluiter, 1898, 1912
in Shipley, 1898, 1899b
in Herubel,1904b
in Monro,1931
in Edmonds, 1956
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1957b
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1959a,b,
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1963
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979a,b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Rice & Macintyre, 1972
in Rice,1975b
in Halder, 1976
in Gibbs,1978
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Gadd,1911
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Gadd,1911
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Sato,1939
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Murina,1964c
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Zavodnik & Murina,1975
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
kovaleskii
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
= Lithacrosiphon
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
kovaleskii
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
kukenthali
kukenthali
uniscutatus
kurchatovi
kurchatovi
(lsomya) hedraeum
kurilense
(Phascolosoma) kurilense
(Phascolosoma) agassizii kurilense
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Fischer,1919b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Jurczak, 1975
Murina,1974a
in Cutler & Cutler,1980b
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Sato,1937a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
lacteum
lacteum
(Phascolosoma) lacteum
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
laetmophilum
(Phascoloides) laetmophila
laetmophilum
laetmophilum
Nephasoma
laetmophilum
Goljingia
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Chrondosoma
= Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Homalosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
laetmophilum
(Phascoloides) laetmophila
laetmophilum
laeve
(Phascolioides) eremita eremita
eremita
laeve
margaritacea
laeve
(Phascolosoma) granulatum
laeve
laeve
(Phascolosoma) granulatum
laeve
laeve
(Phascolosoma) stephensoni
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
laevis
Sluiter, 1886
in Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Fisher, 1952
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
vide Koren & Danielssen,1877
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Fisher,1952)
Fisher, 1952
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Oersted in Koren & D.,1877
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Oersted in Keferstein,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Cuvier,1830
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Cuvier,1830
in Keferstein, 1863 (part)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Cuvier,1830
in Keferstein, 1863 (part)
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Quatrefages,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Baird,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Fischer,1895
in Fischer,1914a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Fischer,1895
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
n.nom. Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Lanchester, 1905 c
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Harms,1921
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
kukenthali
kurchatovi
kurilense
L
lacteum
laetmophila
laetmophilum
laeve
laeve
laeve
laeve
laeve
laevis
lageniformis
lagense
lagensis
lanchesteri
lanzarotae
Continues next page
• Aspidosiphon
incertae sedis
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
Themiste
lageniformis
Themiste
• Themiste
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Goljingia
pro Phascolosoma
= Themiste
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
lageniformis
(Lagenopsis) lageniformis
lagense
lagense
incertae sedis
lagense
(Goljingia) lagensis
incertae sedis
(Thysanocardia) lanchesteri
pyriformis
(Lagenopsis) lageniformis
lanzarotae
(Phascolosoma) granulatum
45
46
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
lanzarotae
= Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Sipunculus
= Phascolosoma
Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
_Nephasoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Dendrostomum
Themiste
= Themiste
Dendrostomum
= Themiste
Apionsoma
Phascolosoma
Fisherana
Goljingia
-Apionsoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
_ Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
_ Sipunculus
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phymosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
(Phascolosoma) granulatum (part)
(Phascolosoma) stephensoni (part)
leachii
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
incertae sedis
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
leachii
levis
levis
lilljeborgi
liochros
Lissa
lissum
lobostoma
lomonossovi
longicolle
longicolle
longipapillosus
longirhyncus
longirostris
lordi
loricatum
loveni
levis
levis
levis
(Paraspidosiphon) tenuis
levis
granulatum
lilljeborgi
lilljeborgi
lilljeborgi
lillijeborgi (sic)
lilljeborgi
liochros
(Goljingia) vulgaris herdmani
lissum
Lissa
(Themiste) hennahi
lissum
(Themiste) hennahi
lobostoma
lobostoma
lobostoma
(Apionsoma) lobostoma
revision of genera
lomonossovi
lomonossovi
(Sipunculus) lomonossovi
longicolle
longicolle
incertae sedis
longicolle
cf. vulgaris
longicolle
longicolle
(PhascQlosoma) scolops
longipapillosus
longipapillosus
(Sipunculus) longipapillosus
longirhyncus
mexicanus
(Akrikos) mexicanus
longirostris
,
(Phascolosoma) longirostris
(Mitosiphon) trichocephala
Lordi
(Phascolosoma) agassizii
loricatum
incertae sedis
loveni
granulatum
(Blainville, 1827)
Sluiter, 1886
in Sluiter,1891,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Cuvier, 1830
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
(DanieIssen & Koren,1881)
Danielssen & Koren, 1881
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Cutler & Cutler,1979a
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Fisher, 1952
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler-& Cut!er, 1988
Fisher, 1952
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
(Fischer,1895)
Fischer, 1895
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler ,1979
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
Murina,1968
Murina, 1968b
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
ROppell & Leuckart,1828
in Diesing, 1851
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Saiz Salinas,1989
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
ROppell & Leuckart,1828
in Grube,1840
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Murina,1968
Murina, 1968b
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Cutler & Cutler,1980c
in Cutler et ai., 1983
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Wesenberg-Lund,1959a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
Baird, 1868
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
(Quatrefages, 186 5)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Koren & Danielssen, 1877
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
lucifugax
lureo
lureo malaeeensis
lutense
luteum
lutulenta
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS} & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
Phascolion
lucifugax
SeIenka & de Man,1883
Phaseolion
Phaseolion
• Phaseolion
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
= Phaseolosoma
lueifugax
lueifugax
(Jsomya) lueifugax
lureo
lureo
lureo
(Phaseolosoma) areuatum
lureo malaeeensis
lureo malaeeensis
lureo malaeeensis
(Phaseolosoma) areuatum
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Selenka et aI., 1883
i.a Fischer, 1895
in Edmonds, 1956
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Selenka & de Man,1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Phascolion
lutense
Selenka,1885
Phaseolion
• Phaseolion
Phaseolosoma
= Golfingia
Themiste
= Themiste
lutense
(Montagu) lutense
luteum
(Golfingia) vulgaris vulgaris
lutulenta
incertae sedis
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Theel,1875 (b)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Hutton, 1879)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Golfingia
Qolfingia
= Golfingia
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Sipuneulus
= Sipuneulus
macer
macer
(Phaseoloides) maera
macer
species inquirendum
maeginitiei
(Thysanoeardia) maeginitiei
(Thysanoeardia) nigra
maekintoshii
(Golfingia) vulgaris vulgaris
(Golfingia) vulgaris
macer
(Phaseoloides) maera
maera
macer
species inquirendum
maerorhynehus
incertae sedis
Sluiter,1891
in Sluiter,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Fisher, 1952
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Gibbs et al.,1983
Lankester,1885
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
Sluiter,1891
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Blainville,1827
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
M
macer
maeginitiei
maekintoshii
maera
maerorhynehus
)
maculatum
magnibatha
magnibathum
major
makoensis
Phascolosoma
maculatum
(Sluiter ,1886)
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
Phaseolosoma
• Phaseolosoma
Onehnesoma
• Onehnesoma
maeulatum
maeulatum
(Satonus) maeulatum
(Phaseolosoma) maeulatum
magnibatha
magnibathum
Sluiter,1886
in Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Cutler, 1969
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Onchnesoma
magnibathum
Cutler,1969
• Onehnesoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
magnibathum
major
major
major
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
makoensis
makoensis
makoensis
(Paraspidosiphon) steenstrupii
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Vaillant, 1871
in Vaillant, 1875
in DeRochebrune,1881
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Sato,1939
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
47
48
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
maldivensis
manceps
maoricus
marchadi
marcusi
margaritacea
Sipunculans of the world
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
Shipley,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Hughes,1975
in Cutler & Jurczak, 1975
Selenka & de Man,1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Shipley,1899c
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Benham, 1904
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Stephen, 1960
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Ditadi,1976
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
(Sars,1851 )
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Edmonds, 1956
in Edmonds, 1980
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Murina,1977b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Michaelsen, 1889)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler et aI., 1984
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Baird,1868)
in Edmonds, 1960
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Theel, 1905)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Danielssen & Koren, 1881)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Ikeda, 1904)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Theel,1911
new status in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Gerould,1913)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Theel, 1905)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Sato,1934)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Lithacrosiphon
maldivensis
Lithacrosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
• Lithacrosiphon
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Sipunculus
= Xenosiphon
= Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
maldivensis
maldivensis
maldivensis
manceps
manceps
manceps
manceps
incertae sedis
maoricus
mundanus
mundanus
marchadi
(Hesperosiphon) cumanense
(Dasmosiphon) cumanense
Sipunculus
marcusl
• Sipunculus
(Sipunculus) marcusi
Golfingia
margaritacea margaritacea
GoIfingia
• GoIfingia
margaritacea adelaidensis GoIfingia
GoIfingia
GoIfingia
GoIfingia
= GoIfingia
margaritacea antarctica
GoIfingia
GoIfingia
GoIfingia
= GoIfingia
margaritacea capsiformis GoIfingia
GoIfingia
= GoIfingia
margaritacea jinmarchica GoIfingia
GoIfingia
= GoIfingia
margaritacea hanseni
GoIfingia
GoIfingia
= GoIfingia
margaritacea ikedai
GoIfingia
GoIfingia
GoIfingia
= GoIfingia
margaritacea ohlini
GoIOngiQ
• GoIfingia
margaritacea meridionalis GoIfingia
GoIfingia
= GoIfingia
margaritacea sibirica
GoIfingia
GoIfingia
= GoIfingia
margaritacea soya
GoIfingia
GoIfingia
GoIfingia
= GoIfingia
(GoIfingia) margaritacea margaritacea
(GoIfingia) margaritacea margaritacea
margaritacea adelaidensis
margaritacea adelaidensi s
margaritacea adelaidensis
margaritacea adelaidensis
(GoIfingia) margaritacea
margaritacea antarctica
margaritacea antarctica
margaritacea antarctica
(GoIfingia) margaritacea
margaritacea capsiformis
margaritacea capsiformis
(GoIfingia) margaritacea
margaritacea jinmarchica
(GoIfingia)jinmarchica
(GoIfingia) margaritacea
margaritacea hanseni
(GoIfingia) margaritacea hanseni
(GoIfingia) margaritacea
margaritacea ikedai
margaritacea ikedai
margaritacea ikedai
(GoIfingia) margaritacea
margaritacea ohlini
(GoIfingia) margantacea ohlini
margaritacea meridionalis
margaritacea meridionalis
(GoIfingia) margaritacea
margaritaceum sibirica
margaritacea sibirica
(GoIfingia) margaritacea
margaritacea soya
margaritacea soya
margaritacea soyo
(GoIfingia) margaritacea
,
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
STATUS
STATUS
AUTHORSHIP
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
GENUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
REFERENCE
margaritacea trybomi
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Goljingia
margaritaceum
Phascolosoma
• Goljingia
Goljingia
margaritaceum
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
margan'taceum antarcticum
Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
ュ。イァゥャ」セオ@
californiensis Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
margaritaceum capsiforme Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Goljing!a
margaritaceum hanseni
Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
margaritaceum meridionalis
Goljingia
= Goljingia
margaritaceum sibirica
Goljingia
= Goljingia
margaritaceum trybomi
Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
margaritaceus
Sipunculus
• Goljingia
Nephasoma
marinki
Nephasoma
= Goljingia
= Nephasoma
= Onchnesoma
Phascolosoma
martensi
Goljingia
= Thysanocardia
mauritaniense
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
mawsoni
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
mawsoni
Goljingia
= Goljingia
margaritacea trybomi
margaritacea trybomi
margaritacea trybomi
margaritacea trybomi
(Goljingia) margaritacea
margaritacea
margaritaceum
(Goljingia) margaritacea
margaritacea
margaritaceum
(Goljingia) vulgaris
margaritaceum antarcticum
margaritaceum antarcticum
(Goljingia) margaritacea
margaritaceum californiensis
margaritaceum californiensis
margaritaceum californiensis
(Goljingia) margaritacea
margaritaceum capsiforme
margaritaceum capsiforme
(Goljingia) margaritacea
margaritaceum hanseni
margaritaceum hanseni
(Goljingia) margaritacea
margaritaceum meridionalis
(Goljingia) margaritacea
margaritaceum sibirica
(Goljingia) margaritacea
margaritaceum trybomi
margaritaceum trybomi
(Goljingia) margaritacea
margaritaceus
(Goljingia) margaritacea
marinki
marinki
glacialis
lill;eborgi
glaciale
martensi
(Thysanocardia) martensi
catharinae
mauritaniense
(Satonus) mauritaniense
incertae sedis
mawsoni
mawsoni
mawsoni
mawsoni
mawsoni
(Goljingia) mawsoni
(Goljingia) margaritacea ohlini
mawsoni
mawsoni
(Goljingia) margaritacea
rm
(Theel, 1905)
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1955
in Murina,1971b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Sars, 1851)
i. a. Koren & Danielssen, 1877
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Sars,1851 )
in Keferstein,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Michaelsen,1889)
in Fischer,I929
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Fisher, 1952
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Rice, 1980
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Baird,1868)
in Fischer, 1896
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
(Danielssen & Koren, 1881)
in Stephen, 1941b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Gerould,1913)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Theel, 1905)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Theel, 1905)
in Fischer, 1924
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Sars,1851
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Pergament, 1940
p.215 in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
p.1 44 in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
Collin,1901
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Gibbs et al.,1983
Herubel,I924
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
Benham, 1922
in Fischer, 1929
in Stephen, 1948
in Edmonds, 1972
in Murina,1972
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Benham, 1922
sensu Murina,1964b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
49
50
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
mediterraneum
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
• Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Goljingia
• Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Themiste
Dendrostoma
Dendrostomum
Themiste
• Themiste
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
= Themiste
Themiste
Phascolosoma
• Themlste
mediterraneum
mediterraneum
mediterraneum
mediterraneum
(lsomya) convestitum
medusae
medusae
(Phascolion) medusae
megaethi
megaethi
(Phascolion) megaethi
meteori
meteori
meteori
(Phascolosoma) meteori
(Phascolosoma) meteori
mexicana
(Siphonoides) mexicana
(Aspidosiphon) mexicanus
mexlcanus
(Siphonoides) mexicana
(Akrikos) mexicanus
michelini
michelini
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
microdentigerum
microdentigerum
(Antillesoma) microdentigerum
(Phascolosoma) perlucens
(Phascolosoma) perlucens
microdontoton
(Phascolosoma) microdontoton
(Phascolosoma) albolineatum
microdontoton
microdontoton
(Phascolosoma) glabrum glabrum
microrhynchus
incertae sedis
microspheroides
(lsomya) tuberculosum
microspheroidi
(lsomya) microspheroidis
microspheroidis
(Isomya) microspheroidis
minor minor
minor
minor
minor
(Lagenopsis) minor minor
minor
minor
(Lagenopsis) lageniformis
minor huttoni
huttoni
(Lagenopsis) minor huttoni
Fischer, 1922a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Saiz Salinas, 1980
in Gibbs, 1985
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Cutler & Cutler,1980
Cutler & Cutler, 1980c
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Cutler & Cutler,1979
Cutler & Cutler,1979a
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
(Herubel,1904)
Herubel,1904a
in Stephen, 1941a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Murina 1967
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler et al.,1983
(Murina 1967)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Bouvier, 1894
in Saiz Salinas,1986b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
ten Broeke, 192 5
in Stephen, 1960
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Sluiter, 1886
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Sluiter, 1886
in Shipley, 1898
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Blainville,1827
in Stephen &.Edmonds,1972
sensu Cutler & Cutler, 1980a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Cutler & DuffY, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Cutler & DufTy,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
(Ikeda,1904)
Ikeda, 1904
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1963
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Ikeda, 1904
in Chin,1947
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
(Benham,1903)
Benham, 1903
new status in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
medusae
megaethi
meteori
mexicana
mexicanus
michelini
microdentigerum
microdontoton
microdontoton
microrhynchus
microspheroides
microspheroidi
microspheroidis
minor
minor
minor huttoni
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
minuta
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
minuta
minuta
minuta
minuta
minuta
minuta
minuta
minuta
diaphanes diaphanes
minutum
minutum
minutum
minutum
minutum
minutum
diaphanes diaphanes
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
• Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Petalostoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
• Nephasoma
minuta
minuta
(Phaseoloides) minuta
minuta
minutum
minutum
minutum
minutum
minutum
minutum
minutum
minutum
minutum
(Phaseoloides) minuta
minutum
Physeosoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Golfingia
• Golfingia
Golfingia
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
minutum
minutum
(Antillesoma) minutum
(Phaseolosoma) nigreseens
(Phaseolosoma) nigreseens
mirabilis
mirabilis
mirabilis
mirabilis
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
mirabilis
(Golfingia) mirabilis
misakiana
misakianum
(Mitosiphon) misakiana
(Apionsoma) misakiana
misakianum
(Mitosiphon) misakiana
misakiensis
(Aspidosiphon) misakiensis
minutum
minuta
minutum
minutum
mirabilis
mirabilis
misakiana
misakianum
misakiensis
• Golfingia
Phaseolosoma
• Golfingia
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
(Keferstein,1863)
J
in Wesenberg-Lund,1955,1963
in Murina,1957a,1958,1968b
in Murina,1971b,1972,1973b
in Murina, 1974a,1976, 1978
in Cutler, 1973,1977a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979a
in Saiz-Salinas,1984
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Keferstein, 1863
in Theel, 19 11
in Sluiter,1912
in Fischer, 1922a,d, 1929 (part)
in Wesenberg-Lund,1930,1932
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1937b,c
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Keferstein, 1863)
in Akesson,1958
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Gibbs,1973,1975,1977
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Keferstein,1863 )
Keferstein, 1863, 1865
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Sluiter,1912
in Cuenot,1922
in Fischer, 1925 (part) ,1929
in Stephen, 1934
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1939
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
ten Broeke, 192 5
in Sluiter,1912
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Theel,1875 (b)
in Theel,1905
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Southem,1913a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Murina,1969
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
(Ikeda,1904)
Ikeda, 1904
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler ,1979
Ikeda, 1904
in Cutler & Murina,1977
Ikeda,1904
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
51
52
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
mogadorense
Phascolion
= Phascolion
= Phascolion
Golfingia
Golfingia
? Aspidosiphon
= Antillesoma
Cloeosiphon
Cloeosiphon
= Cloeosiphon
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Nephasoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
• Nephasoma
Siphonomecus
Siphonomecus
• Siphonomecus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Sipuncu[us
Sipunculus
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Xenosiphon
• Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Xenosiphon
Xenosiphon
Xenosiphon
Xenosiphon
Xenosiphon
• Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Xenosiphon
mogadorense
hirondellei
(Isomya) tuberculosum
mokyevskii
(Thysanocardia) mokyevskii
mokyevskii
antillarum
mollis
mollis
aspergillus
moskalevi
moskalevi
species inquirendum
mourense
(Siphonosoma) mourense
(Siphonosoma) mourense
mucidum
(Phascoloides) mucida
jiliforme
mucidum
jiliforme
muelleri
muelleri
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
multiannulata
(Phascolosoma) multiannulatum
(Phascolosoma) albolineatum
multiannulata
(Phascolosoma) multiannulatum
(Phascolosoma) glabrum multiannulatum
multiaraneusa
multiaraneusa
(Phascoloides) multiaraneusa
multiaraneusa
multicinctus
multicinctus
multicinctus
multi sulcatus
multisulcatus
(Sipunculus) phalloides phalloides
multitorquatus
granulatum
mundanus
mundanum
(Austrosiphon) mundanus
mundanus
mundanus
mundanus
mundanus
mundanus
mundanus
mundanus
(Austrosiphon) mundanus
mundanus branchiatus
branchiatus branchiatus
Sluiter, 1912
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Murina, 1964
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Gibbs et al.,1983
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Selenka & BOlow,1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Murina, 1964a
In Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
mokyevskii
mollis
moskalevi
mourense
mucida
mucidum
muelleri
multiannulata
multiannulatum
multiaraneusa
multicinctus
multisulcatus
multitorquatus
mundanum
mundanus
mundanus branchiatus
Sato,1930
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Diesing,IS51
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Wesenberg-Lu'nd,1954 (part)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Wesenberg-Lund, 1954 (part)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
(Murina,1967)
Murina, 1967c
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Fisher, I 947
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
Fischer, 1913
in DeJorge,Petersen & Ditadi,1970
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Quatrefages, 1865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Selenka & BOlow,1883
in Fisher,1954a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Selenka & Billow,ISS3
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Fisher,1954a
in Tarifeno & Tomicic,1973
in Cutler, 1977a
in Edmonds,1980
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Fischer, 1895
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS} & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
muricaudata
Golfingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
• Goljingia
Phascolosoma
• Goljingia
Golfingia
• Goljingia
Phascolion
Phascolion
=Phascolion
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Dendrostoma
= Themiste
= Themiste
muricaudata
muricaudata
(Goljingia) muricaudata
(Goljingia) muricaudata
muricaudatum
(Goljingia) muricaudata
murmae
(Apionsoma) murinae
murrayi
murrayi
(Lesenka) valdiviae sumatrense
mutabile
(Goljingia) iniqua
mutabile
(Goljingia) mutabilis
(Goljingia) mutabilis
(Goljingia) iniqua
mytheca
zostericola
(Themiste) hennahi
(Southern,1913 )
(Southern, 1913a)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Southern,1913
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Cutler,1969
in Cutler ,1979
Stephen, 1941 a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Southern,1913 (a)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Southern,19t3 (a)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Murina,1977b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Chamberlain, 1920a
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Phymosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
=Phascolosoma
=Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
? Themiste
Goljingia
• ? Themiste
Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Thysanocardia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
• Thysanocardia
PhascoLosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
=Phascolosoma
=Antillesoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
Ikeda, 1904
nahaense
(Rueppel/isoma) nahaense
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Rueppel/isoma) nahaense
in Cutler & Cutler,1981,1983
(Phascolosoma) scolops
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
(Phascolosoma) scolops
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
natans
Fisher, 1954b
natans
in Dejorge,Petersen & Ditadi,1970
natans
in Cutler,1977a
natans
in Ditadi,1982
(Sipunculus) polymyotus
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
nelmamae
(Murina,1976)
(Thysanocardia) neimaniae
Murina,1976
neimaniae
in Gibbs et al.,1983
nicolasi
Thompson, 1980
wodjanizkii wodjanizkii
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
nigra
(Ikeda,1904)
nigrum
Ikeda, 1904
(Thysanocardia) nigra
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Thysanocardia) nigra
in Cutler & Murina,1977
nigra
in Gibbs et al.,1983
nigrescens
Keferstein,1865
nigrescens
Keferstein,1865
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
nigriceps
Baird, 1868
(Antillesoma) antillarum
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
antillarum
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
nigritorquatum
Sluiter,1882 (b)
nigritorquarum
p. 701: the year 1882 (sic) 1881 cf Cutler & Cutler, 1990
nigritorquatum
in Sluiter,1902
(Satonus) nigritorquatum
in Fischer,1919a,1921a
(Satonus) nigritorquatum
in Edmonds, 1980
(Satonus) nigritorquatum
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
muricaudatum
murinae
murrayi
mutabile
mutabilis
mytheca
N
nahaense
natans
neimaniae
nicolasi
nigra
nigrescens
nigriceps
nigritorquatum
Continues next page
53
54
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBS? & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
nigritorquatum
セ@
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
• Thysanocardia
Sipunculus
セ@ Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
• Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
セ@ Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
セ@ Goljingia
Phaseolosoma
セ@ Phaseolosoma
Sipunculus
Sipuneulus
• Sipuneulus
Sipunculus
セ@ Sipunculus
Sipunculus
セ@ Sipunculus
Phaseolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
セ@ Goljingia
Phaseolosoma
セ@ Goljingia
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
セ@ Siphonosoma
Phaseolosoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Sipunculus
Sipuneulus
• Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
セ@ Sipunculus
(Phascolosoma) cf. scolops
iii Cutler & Cutler,1983
セ@
incertae sedis
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
nigrum
nitidus
noduliferum
noduliferus
nodulosus
nordenskjoldi
nordfoleense
norvegicus
norvegieus amerieanus
norvegieus vemae
nota
nota
novaepommeraniae
novae-zealandiae
novaezealandiae
nudus
nudus
nigrum
nigra
nitidus
(Sipunculus) norvegicus
noduliferum
(Phascolosoma) noduliferum
(Phascolosoma) noduliferum
(Phymosomum) noduliferus
(Phascolosoma) noduliferum
(Phymosomum) nodulosus
(Phascolosoma) noduliferum
nordenskjoldi
nordenskjoldi
nordenskjoldi
nordenskjoldi
(Goljingia) nordenskjoldi
(Goljingia) nordenskjoldi
(Goljingia) margaritacea
nordfoleense
incertae sedis
norvegicus
norvegieus norvegicus
(Sipunculus) norvegicus
norvegieus amerieanus
(Sipunculus) norvegicus
norvegieus vemae
(Sipunculus) nudus
nota
(Goljingia) nota
(Goljingia) nota
(Goljingia) margaritacea
nota
(Goljingia) margaritaeea
novaepommeraniae
novaepommeraniae
novaepommeraniae
novaepommeraniae
(Siphonosoma) novaepommeraniae
novaepommeraniae
(Siphonosoma) cumanense
novae-zealandiae
novae-zealandiae
novaezealandiae
novaezealandiae
(Phaseoloides) novaezealandiae
novaezealandiae
nudus
nudus
(Sipunculus) nudus
nudus
nudus
robustus
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
Ikeda,1904
in Gibbs et al.,1983
Sluiter, 1900
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Stimpson,1855
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Quatrefages, 1865
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Quatrefages, 1865
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Theel,1911
in Fischer, 1920, 1922a, 1929
in Stephen,194Ib,1948
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1955
in Murina, 1964b, 1978
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Brandt,1835)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Danielssen,1869
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Gerould,1913
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Stephen, 1966
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Sato,1934
in Murina, I 977b
in Cutler & Cutler,1981
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Sato,1934
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Fischer, 1926
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1959c
in Murina,1967c
in Edmonds,1971
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler,1977a
in Cutler & Cutler,1982
Benham,1904
in Edmonds,1960
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Benham,1904 )
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Linnaeus,1766
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Linnaeus, 1766
in Fischer, I 914b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
STATUS
STATUS
AUTHORSHIP
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
GENUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
REFERENCE
nudus tesselatus
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
nudus tesselatus
nudus
Costa,1853
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Sipunculus
= Goljingia
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
Uthacrosiphon
= Uthacrosiphon
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Onchnesoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Thysanocardia
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Antillesoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Themiste
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
obscurus
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
ochrus
ochrus
(Paraspidosiphon) steenstrupii
odhneri
odhneri
cristatus
oerstedii
margaritacea
ohlini
ohlini
ohlini
ohlini
ohlini
(Goljingia) ohlini
ohlini
ohlini
(Goljingia) margaritacea ohlini
ohlini
ohlini
(Goljingia) elongata
okinoseanum
(Goljingia) okinoseana
(Goljingia) okinoseana
(Goljingia) okinoseana
(Goljingia) okinoseana
(Goljingia) margaritacea
okinoseanum
(Goljingia) margaritacea
olivaceum
olivaceum
nomen nudum
squamatum
colour form
squamatum
onagawa
(Thysanocardia) onagawa
nigra
onomichianum
onomichianum
ッョュゥ」ィ。オセ@
onomichianum
onomichianum
(Rueppel/isoma) onomichianum
(Antillesoma) antillarum
antillum
orbiniense
orbiniense
incertae sedis
(Themiste) alutacea
orbiniensis
incertae sedis
Quatrefages, 1865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Cutler & Cutler, 1979a
in Edmonds,1987
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Fischer, 1922a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Jurczak,1975
Keferstein, 1865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Theel,1911
in Fischer,1920,1929
in Stephen,1941b
in Wesenberg-Lund,1955,1963
in Edmonds,1965
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Murina,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1980b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Theel,1911
in Wesenberg-Lund,1959b
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Ikeda,1904
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Murina,1977b
in Cutler & Cutler,1981
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutlet, 1987
Ikeda,1904
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
G.O.Sars
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Sato,1937b
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Gibbs et al.,1983
Ikeda,1904
in Sato,1934,1939
in Wesenberg-Lund,1959a,1963
in Murina,1967b
in Cutler & Cutler,1981
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
in Gibbs & Cutler,1987
(Quatrefages, 1865)
in Baird,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Quatrefages,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
0
obscurus
ochrus
odhneri
oerstedii
ohlini
ohlini
okinoseana
okinoseanum
olivaceum
onagawa
onomichianum
orbiniense
orbinie1Jsis
Continues next page
55
56
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
orbiniensis
Themiste
= Themiste
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
orbiniensis
(Themiste) alutacea
owstoni
(Goljingia) owstoni
(Goljingia) owstoni
(Goljingia) owstoni
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
oxyurum
elongata
in Saiz Salinas, 1984b
in Cutler & Cutler,1988
Ikeda, 1904
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Murina,1977b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Baird,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
_ Phascolosoma
pachydermatus
pachydermatus
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
pacijicum
pacificum
pacificum
(Phascolosoma) pacificum
(Phascolosoma) pacificum
pacificum
pacificum
pacificum
(Montagu) pacificum
pallidum
pallidum
pallidum
pallidum
(Isomya) tuberculosum
pallidum meridionale
tuberculosum ?
papillifer
papi lilfera
papillifera
revision of genera
papillifera
papillifera
(Apionsoma) papillifera
papi llifera
revision of genera
papilliferum
papilliferum
papillifera
papillifera
revision of genera
papillosum
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
p.110
(Phascolosoma) granulatum
p.306
parvulus
parvulus
(Paraspidosiphon) parvulus
parvum
(Hesperoslphon) parvum
(Hesperoslphon) vastum
parvus
parvum
species inquirendum
parvus
species inquirendum
Wesenberg-Lund, 193 7a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Keferstein,1866
i.a. Selenka, et aI., 1883
i.a. Shipley, 1898
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Murina,1957
Murina,1957b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Koren & Danielssen,1877
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Leroy,1936
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Augener, 1906
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Quatrefages, 1865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Gibbs & Cutler,1987
(Keferstein,1865)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler, 1979
in Gibbs & Cutler,1987
Keferstein, 1865
in Augener, 1903
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Gibbs & Cutler,1987
Thompson, 1840
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
GerouId,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Fischer, 1928
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1982
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
In Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
owstoni
oxyurum
p
pachydermatus
pacijicum
pacijicum
pallidum
pallidum meridionale
papillifer
papillifera
papilliferum
papillosum
parvulus
parvum
parvum
parvus
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
_ Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Sipunculus
Fisherana
_Apionsoma
Apionsoma
Fisherana
Goljingia
_Apionsoma
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Fisherana
_Apionsoma
Sipunculus
= Goljingia
= Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
_ Aspidosiphon
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Phascolzon
Phascolion
= Phascolzon
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
pavlenkoi
Phaseolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
= Thysanoeardia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Golfingia
• Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
Phaseolosoma
• Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Sipuneulus
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Sipuneulus
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Sipuneulus
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
!::!§phasoma
• Nephasoma
Sipuneulus
= Siphonosoma
Sipuneulus
Phaseolosoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
Physeosoma
Physeosoma
Physeosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
= Antiliesoma
Phymosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Themiste
Phymosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Themiste
= Themiste
pavlenkoi
(Phaseoloides) pavlenkoi
eatharinae
nigra
peetinatoida
(Spinata) peetinatoides
pectinatoides
(Spinata) peetinatoides
pectinatum
peetinatum
peetinatum
(Satonus) peetinatum
(Satonus) peetinatum
peliueidum
(Phaseolosomum) peliueidus
(Phaseoloides) pellueida
peliueidum pellueidum
pellucidum pellucidum
pellueidum
(Phaseolosomum) peliueidus
(Phaseoloides) pellueida
pellueidum pellueidum
pellueidus
(Siphonosoma) pellueidum
species inquirendum
pellueidum subhamatum
peliueidum subhamatum
pellueidus
species inquirendum
(Phaseolosomum) pellueidus
peliueidum
(Phaseoloides) peliueida
peliueidum peliueidum
pelma
pelma
pelma
pelma
pelma
pelma
pelma
pelma
pelma
(Antillesoma) antiliarum
antillarum
pelma
pelma
sp.
pelma
(Antillesoma) pelmum
(Phaseolosoma) seolops
perimeees
perimeees
perimeees
perimeees
(Themiste) hennahi
peetinatoida
pectinatoides
pectinatum
peliueida
pelJucidum
peliueidum
eellueidum sub hamatum
pellueidu s
pellueidus
pelma
pelma
pelmum
perimeees
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
Oslroumov, 1909
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Gibbs et aI., 1983
Cutler & Cutler, 1979a
p.736 in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Cutler & Cutler,1979
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Keferstein,1867
in Selenka et aI., 1883
in Fischer, I 895
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
Keferstein, 1865
Quatrefages, I 865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina, 1986
(Keferstein,1865 )
Keferstein, I 865
Quatrefages, I 865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Sluiter,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1982
(Sluiter ,1902)
new status in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Sluiter, I 902
in Cutler & Cutler,1982
Quatrefages, I 865
Keferstein, 1865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Selenka & de Man,1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Sluiter, 1886, 1891
in Augener,1903
in Sluiter, 1902
in Shipley,1902
in Fischer, 1922a, 1923
in Sato, 1935
in Cutler,1977a
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
in Gibbs & Cutler,1987
Selenka & de Man,1883
sensu Fischer,1922a
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
Selenka & de Man,1883
sensu Cutler,1977a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Fisher, 1928
in Fisher,1952
in MacGinitie,1935
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
57
58
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
perlucens
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostomum
= Themiste
= Themiste
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Dendrostoma
= Themiste
Dendrosto,mum
Themiste
Themiste
= Themiste
Dendrostomum
Themiste
= Themiste
Sipunculus
Lumbricus
Sipunculus
• Sipunculus
(Ijpunculus
• Sipunculus
Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Dendrostoma
Themiste
= Themiste
Dendrostoma
= Themiste
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
• Sipunculus
Lithacrosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
= Lithacrosiphon
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
perlucens
(Phascolosoma) perlucens
(Phascolosoma) perlucens
peruvianum
peruvianum
peruvianum
hennahi
(Themiste) hennahi
pescadolense
(Siphonosoma) pescadolense
(Siphonosoma) australe takatsukii
(Siphonosoma) australe takatsukii
petraeum
(Themiste) pyroides
petricolum
petricola
petricola
(Themiste) alutacea
petricolum
petricola
(Themiste) alutacea
phalloides phalloides
phalloides
phalloides
(Sipunculus) phalloides phalloides
ehalloides inc/usus
(Sipunculus) phalloides inc/usus
pharetratum
pharetra tum
(Phascolion) pharetratum
pinnifolium
pinnifolia
nomen dubium
pinnifolium
nomen dubium
placostegi
nomen dubium
planispinosum
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
planoscutatus
planoscutatus
(Paraspidosiphon) planoscutatus
plicatum
incertae sedis
polymyotus
polymyotus
(Sipunculus) polymyotus
poritidis
poritidis
uniscutatus
porrectus
(Austrosiphon) indicus
pourtalesi
incertae sedis
Baird,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Collin, I 892
in Fischer,1914b
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1955
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Sato,1939
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,198 I
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Fisher, 1928
in Cutler & Cutler,1988
Amor,1964
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Amor,1975b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Amor,1964
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
(Pallas,1774)
Pallas, 1774
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Sluiter,1902
new status in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
SIuiter,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
kセヲ・イウエゥョL@
1865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Keferstein,1865
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Baird, 1868
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Baird,1868
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Murina,1968
Murina,1968a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
(Quatrefages,1865)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Fisher,1947
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,I985a
ten Broeke,I925
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Jurczak, 1975
Selenka,1888
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
(Pourtales, 1851)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
peruvianum
pescadolense
petraeum
petricola
petricolum
phalloides
ehalloides inc/usus
pharetratum
pinnifolia
pinnifolium
placostegi
planispinosum
planoscutatus
plicatum
polymyotus
poritidis
porrectus
pourtalesi
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
priapuloides
priapuloides
priapuloides
priapuloides americana
prioki
procera
procera
procerum
profunda
profundum
psaron
pudica
pudica
pudica
pudicum
STATUS
GENUS
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Phallosoma
= Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Nephasoma
= Thysanocardia
Thysanocardia
Goljingia
• Thysanocardia
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Thysanocardia
Phascolosoma
• Thysanocardia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
priapuloides
(Sipunculus) norvegicus norvegicus
priapuloides
priapuloides
robustus
priapuloides
(Sipunculus) norvegicus norvegicus
priapuloides americana
norvegicus americanus
(Sipunculus) norvegicus
prioki
prioki
prioki
prioki
(Phascoloides) prioki
prioki (junior synonym)
nigra
procera
(Thysanocardia) procera
procera
procera
procera
catharinae
procerum
procera
profundum
(Goljingia) profunda
(Goljingia) profunda
(Goljingja) margaritacea
profundum
(Goljingia) margaritacea
psaron
psaron
(Phascolosoma) psaron
(Phascolosoma) scolops
pudica
pudica
pudica
pudica
(Apionsoma) cf immunita
pudica
(Goljingia) pudica
(Goljingia) pudica
(Goljingia) pudica
(Goljingia) pudica
(Goljingiella) pudica
(Goljingia) cf margaritacea
pudica
pudica
pudica
(Goljingia) margaritacea ohlini
pudicum
pudicum
pudicum
(Goljingia) margaritacea ohlini
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
Koren & Datlielssen, 1877
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Koren & Danielssen,1877
in Robinson, 1927
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Levinsen,1884
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
Sluiter, 1882 (b)
in Sluiter,1891 ,1902
in Selenka et al. ,1883
in Selenka,1885
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Mobius,IS75)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Gibbs et al. ,1983
(Mobius,1875)
in Gerould,1913
in Gibbs et al. ,1983
Mobius, 1875
in Gibbs et al.,1983
Roule,1898
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Roule,1898
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Sluiter, 1886
in Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
(Selenka,1885)
sensu Wesenberg-Lund, 1959a
sensu Murina, 1976
sensu Cutler, 1979
in Cutler et al. ,1983
(Selenka,1885)
sensu Selenka, 1885
sensu Fischer, 1929
sensu Stephen, 1948
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler et al.,1983
in Cutler et al.,1983
(Selenka, 1885) (part)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler et al.,1983
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Selenka,1885 (part)
in Fischer, 1929
in Stephen, 1948
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
59
60
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
pugettensis
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Thysanocardia
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
=Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
=Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Onchnesoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
ParaspidosiphOl,
=Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
=Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
=Goljingia
= Thysanocardia
Sipunculus
= Onchnesoma
= Onchnesoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Themiste
=Goljingia
= Themiste
Themiste
Dendrostoma
Themiste
• Themiste
pugettensis
(Thysanocardia) pugettensis
nigra
punctissimus
punctissimus reference (Grosse) not shown
vulgaris vulgaris
puntarenae
(Phymosomum) puntarenae
puntarenae
puntarenae
puntarenae
(Phascolosoma) puntarenae
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
puntarenae
puntarenae
(Phascolosoma) perlucens
pusi/la
(Goljingie/la) pusi/la
(Mitosiphon) trichocephala
pusillum
(Goljingie/la) pusi/la
(Mitosiphon) trichocephala
pusil/um
steenstrupii
pygmaeus
pygmaeus
pygmaeus
(Paraspidosiphon) muelleri
pygmaeum
incertae sedis
pyriforme
(Thysanocardia) procera
procera
pyriformiS
no description by the author:
steenstrupii
steenstrupii
pyriformiS
pyriformiS
pyriformiS
pyriformiS
(Thysanocardia) lanchesteri
(Lagenopsis) lageniformis
pyroides
pyroides
pyroides
(Themiste) pyroides
Fisher,1952
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Gibbs et al., 1983
Grosse, 1853
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Grube & Oersted,1858
in Quatrefages, 1865
in Diesing,1859
in Keferstein, 1863
in Fisher,1952
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Grube & Oersted,1858
in Wesenberg-Lund,1959a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
(Sluiter,1912)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
Sluiter,1912
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
Sars,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Fischer, 1921 b
in Murina,1967a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
(Quatrefages, 186 5)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Danielssen in Theel,1875
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Gibbs etal.,1983
Danieissen, 1859
in Koren & Danielssen, 1875
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Lanchester,1905c
in Sato,1939
in Murina,1964a,1967
in Gibbs et al.,1983
n.nov. Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
= ? Goljingia
Aspidosiphon
=Aspidosiphon
quadrata
(Siphonoides) quadrata
incertae sedis
valid species
quatrefagesi
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
Ikeda,1905
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler et al.,1983
the present author
Saiz Salinas, 19 84a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
punctissimus
puntarenae
puntarenae
pusilla
pusi/lum
pusil/um
pygmaeus
pygmaeum
pyriforme
pyriformiS
pyriformiS
pyroides
(Chamberiain,1920)
Chamberlain, 1920a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Q
quadrata
quatrefagesi
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
STATUS
GENUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
R
radiata
ramosa
ramosum
rapa
rapus
ravus
recondita
reconditum
rectum
rectus
reticulata
reticulatum
rhizophora
rhyssapsis
rickettsi
riisei
rimicola
Phascolosoma
= Aspidosiphon
Themiste
Themiste
= Themiste
= Themiste
Themiste
Dendrostomum
Dendrostomum
. = Themiste
= Themiste
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
= Themiste
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
= Themiste
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Apionsoma
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
• Apionsoma
Phascolosoma
• Apionsoma
Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolosoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phascolosoma
= Golfingia
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Siphonides
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Golfingia
• Nephasoma
radiata
muelleri
ramosa
ramosa
incertae sedis
(Themiste) hennahi
ramosum
ramosum
ramosum
incertae sedis
(Themiste) hennahi
(Aedematosomum) rapa
rapa
rapa
(Themiste) hennahi
(Aedematosomum) rapa
incertae sedis
(Themiste) hennahi
ravus
ravus
ravus
ravus
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
recondita
reconditum
(Golfingia) recondita
(Apionsoma) recondita
recondita
reconditum
recondita
rectum
rectum
(Lesenka) rectum
rectus
(Lesenka) rectum
reticulatum
reticulata
(Golfingia) reticulata
reticulata
incertae sedis
Alder, 1860
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
(Quatrefages, 1865)
in Saiz Salinas, 1984b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
(Quatrefages,1865)
Quatrefages,1865
in Leroy, 1936
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Quatrefages, 186 5
in Baird, 1868
in Saiz Salinas, 1984b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Quatrefages,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Sluiter, 1886
in Sluiter, 1891,1902
in Shipley,1899,b,c
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
(Sluiter ,1900)
Sluiter, 1900
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler, 1979
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Sluiter, 1900
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Ikeda,1904
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Ikeda, 1904
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Herubel,I925
in Herubel,I925a,b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Saiz Salinas,1986a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
reticulatum
Herubel,I925
incertae sedis
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
rhizophora
(Phascolosoma) arcuatum
rhyssapsis
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
incertae sedis
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
rickettsi
(Satonus) pectinatum
riisei
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
riisei
(Phascoloides) pellucida
pellucldum pellucidum
rimicoia
(Phascoloides) rimicola
rimicola
Sluiter,1891
Diesing, 1859
Fisher,1952
Keferstein,1865
in Baird,1868
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Gibbs,1973 )
Gibbs, 1973
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
61
62
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
STATUS
AUTHORSHIP
GENUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
REFERENCE
riukiuensis
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Dendrostoma
Dendrostomum
Themiste
Themiste
Therniste
= Themiste
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
• Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Dendrostomum
Themiste
= Themiste
Dendrostomum
= Themiste
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Siphonosoma
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
Sipunculus
• Siphonosoma
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
riukiuensis
(Phascolosoma) scolops
robertsoni
robertsoni
(Phascolion) robertsoni
robertsoni
robertsoni
robertsoni
robertsoni
rob'ertsoni
(Lagenopsis) lageniformis
robustus
robustus
(Sipunculus) robustus
robustus
robustus
(Sipunculus) nudus
rosaceum
rosacea
(Themiste) alutacea
rosaceum
(Themiste) alutacea
rottnesti
(Phascolosoma) rottnesti
(Phascolosoma) scolops
(Siphonosoma) rotumanum
rotumanus
(Siphonosoma) rotumanum
(Siphonosoma) rotumanum
(Siphonosoma) rotumanum
rotumanus
(Siphonosoma) rotumanum
rubens
incertae sedis
rueppellii
rueppellii
rueppellii
rueppellii
incertae sedis
rueppellii
(Rueppellisoma) rueppellii
(Phascolosoma) scolops
rufo-fimbriatus
incertae sedis
rugosum
(Goljingia) rugosa rugosa
(Goljingia) rugosa
(Goljingia) iniqua
rugosum mauritaniense
(Goljingia) rugosa mauritaniensis
incertae sedis
rugosum
(Goljingia) rugosa rugosa
(Goljingia) iniqua
Murina,1975a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Stephen & Robertson,1952
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Stephen & Robertson,1952
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1963
in Stephen & Cutler, 1969
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
robertsoni
robertsoni
robustus
robustus
rosacea
rosaceum
rottnesti
rotumanum
rotumanus
rubens
rueppellii
rueppellii
rufo-jimbriatus
rugosa
rugosa mauritaniensis
rugosum
Keferstein,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Keferstein, 1865
in Stephen,1941a (part)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Amor,1964
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Amor,1964
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Edmonds, 1956
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
(Shipley,1898)
Shipley, 1898
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
as in Edmonds, 1971
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Shipley,1898
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Costa,1869
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Grube, 1868b
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Shipley, 1902
in Stephen, 1941a
in"Cutler & Cutler, 1983
Grube, 1868b
sensu Stephen, 1941
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
Blanchard, 1849
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Southern, 1913 (a)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Murina,1977b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Herubel,I925
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
Southern, 1913 (a)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
rugosum mauritaniense
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
= Phaseolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Golfingia
• Nephasoma
Nephasoma
Golfingia
• Nephasoma
Aspidosiphon
• Nephasoma
rugosum mauritaniense
(Golfingia) rugosa mauritaniensis
incertae sedis
rutilofuseum
(Phaseoloides) rutilofusea
rutilofuseum
rutilofuscum
(Phaseoloides) rutilofusea
rutilofuseum
rutilofuseum
rutilofuseum
Herubel,1925
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
Fischer, 1916
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Fischer,1916)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Fischer, 1916
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Phaseolosoma
= Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Nephasoma
Sipuneulus
= Sipuneulus
Phaseolosoma
= Golfiizgia
Phaseolion
= Phaseolion
Phascolosoma
• Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
= Antillesoma
Dendrostomum
Themiste
Themiste
= Themiste
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
• Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
sabellariae
(Phaseoloides) minuta
minutum
sabellariae
sabellariae
diaphanes diaphanes
saeeatus
incertae sedis
sanderi
(Golfingia) vulgaris vulgaris
sandviehi
species inquirendum
saprophagi cum
(Phaseolosoma) saprophagieum
savalovi
(Apionsoma) eapitata
sehmidti
(Antillesoma) antillarum
antillarum
sehmitti
sehmitti
sehmitti
(Themiste) hennahi
sehnehageni
sehnehageni
sehnehageni
sehnehageni
schnehageni
(Aspidosiphon) gracilis sehnehagen
schuttei
sehuttei
(Phaseoloides) sehuttei
sehuttei
sehuttei
sehuttei
sehuttei
sehuttei
sehuttei
sehuttei
diaphanes eorrugatum
scolops
seolops
Theei,1905
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Theel,1905
in Gerould,1913
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Linnaeus,1767
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Collin,1892
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Murina,1974c
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Gibbs,1987
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Murina,1974a
in Cutler, 1979
Murina,1975a
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
Fisher, 1952
in Amor,1970
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Fischer, 1913
in Fischer,1914b
in Wesenberg-Lund,1955
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Ditadi, 1975
new status: Cutler & Cutler, 1989
(Augener,1903)
Augener,1903
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Augener,1903
in Murina,1964c,1967d
in Murina,1971a,b,1973a
in Murina,,1974a,1978
in Cutler & Cutler,1980b,c
in Frank, 1983
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Selenka & de Man,1883)
in Selenka, et al.,1883
rutilofusea
rutilofuscum
rutilofuseus
S
sabellariae
sabellariae
saeeatus
sanderi
sandviehi
saprophagicum
savalovi
sehmidti
sehmitti
sehnehageni
schuttei
sehuttei
scolops
Continues next page
63
64
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS} & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
seolops
Phaseolosoma
• Phaseolosoma
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Physeosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
Physeosoma
Physeosoma
Physeosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Phymosoma
Physeosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Phymosoma
Phaseolosoma
• Phaseolosoma
Physeosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Sipuneulus
Phaseolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Sipunculus
Sipuneulus
= Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Golfingia
= Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Siphonosoma
Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
= Golfingia
= Thysanoeardia
(Phaseolosoma) seolops seolops
(Phaseolosoma) seolops
seolops
seolops
(Phaseolosoma) annulatum
seolops
seolops
(Phaseolosoma) stephensoni
seolops
seolops
(Phaseolosoma) perlueens
seolops adentieulatum
(phaseolosoma) seolops adentieulatum
(Phaseolosoma) seolops
seolops mossambieiense
seolops mossambieiense
seolops mossambieiense
seolops mossambieiense
seolops mossambieiense
seolops mossambieiense
(Phaseolosoma) seolops mossambiciense
(Phaseolosoma) seolops
seolops mossambieiense
seolops mossambieiense
(Phaseolosoma) annulatum
seolops
(Phaseolosoma) seolops seolops
(Phaseolosoma) seolops
sea lops tasmaniense
(Phascolosoma) annulatum
(Phaseolosoma) seutatus
seutatum
muelleri
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
(Phaseolosoma) seutatus
scutatus
muelleri
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
seutiger
seutiger
incertae sedis
seetile
diaphanes diaphanes
semieinetum
incertae sedis
semirugosum
(Dasmosiphon) eumanense
semperi
semperi
(Thysanoeardia) semperi
catharinae
eatharinae
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Selenka, et al.,1883
in Wheeler,1938
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Selenka, et al.,1883
in Monro,1931
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Selenka, et aI., 1883
in ten Broeke,1925
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Herubel,1904b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Selenka & de Man, 1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Sluiter,1898
in Leroy,1936
in Stephen, 1942
in Edmonds,1956
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Selenka & de Man,1883
in Augener, 1903
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Selenka, et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Fischer,1914b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
MiilIer,1844
in Krohn, 1851
in Selenka et aI., 1883
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
MiilIer,1844
in Keferstein, 1867
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Roule,1906
in Murina,1975b,1977
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Murina,1974a
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Stimpson, 18 5 5
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Grube,1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Selenka & de Man,1883
in Selenka et aI., 1883
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Gibbs et al.,1983
seolops
seolops
seolops
seolops adentieulatum
seolops mossambieiense
seolops mossambieiense
sea lops seolops
seolops tasmaniense
seutatum
seutatus
seutiger
seetile
semieinetum
semirugosum
semperi
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
65
SPECIES
STATUS
STATUS
AUTHORSHIP
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
GENUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
REFERENCE
semperi
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
= Themiste
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
= Themiste
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostomum
Dendrostomum
= Themiste
Dendrostoma
= Themiste
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Antillesoma
Physcosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Antillesoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
= Goljingia
semperi
semperi
semperi
(Paraspidosiphon) steenstrupii
sewelli
(Nephasoma sp.)
signum
(Goljingia) signa
(Goljingia) signa
(Goljingia) signa
(Goljingia) signa
(Goljingia) margaritacea
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
(Lagenopsis) minor huttoni
signifer
signifer
signifer
(Lagenopsis) minor minor
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
(Lagenopsis) lageniformis
signifer
(Lagenopsis) minor huttoni
Signum
(Goljingia) margaritacea
similis
(Rueppellisoma) simile
(Antillesoma) antillarum
antillarum
similis
(Antillesoma) antillarum
antillarum
sluiteri
(Phascoloides) sluiteri
pellucida
pellucidum pellucidum
socium
socia
(Goljingia) margaritacea margaritacea
margaritacea
ten Broeke, 1925
Gibbs & Cutler,1987
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Stephen, 1941 a
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
Sato,1934
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Murina,1977b
in Cutler & Cutler,1981
in Cutler et al.,1984
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Se1enka & de Man,1883 (part)
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Augener,1903
in Fischer,1919a (part) ,1926
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Selenka & de Man, 1883 (part)
in Fischer,1914b
in Fischer,1919a (part) ,1922a (part)
in Cutler & Cutler,1988
Selenka & de Man, 1883 (part)
in Sluiter,1886,1891,1902
in Fischer,1895,1914a,b (part)
in Fischer,1919a (part) ,1922a (part)
in Fischer, 1923
in Augener, 1903
in Ikeda,1904
in Hammersten,1914
in Gravely,I927
in Awati & Pradhan,1935
in Leroy,1942
in Edrnonds,1956
in Wesenberg-Lund,1959a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Selenka & de Man, 1883 (part)
in Cutler & Cutler,1988
Sato,1934
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Chen & Yeh,1958
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
in Gibbs & Cutler,1987
Chen & Yeh,1958
in Cutler & Cutler,1983
in Gibbs & Cutler,1987
ten Broeke, 192 5
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina, 1977
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Lanchester, 1908
(Lanchester, 1908)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
sewelli
signa
signifer
signifer
signifer
signifer
Signum
simile
similis
sluiteri
socia
66
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
STATUS
STATUS
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
GENUS
(SUBGENUS} & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
socium
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidoslphon
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Sipunculus
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
socium
socia
(Goljingia) margaritacea margaritacea
socium
(Phascolosoma) socium
(Phascolosoma) scolops
solitarium
(Goljingia) solitaria
(Goljingia) solitaria
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
solitarium
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
soyo
(Goljingia) soya
(Goljingia) soya
(Goljingia) margaritacea
soya
(Goljingia) margaritacea
speciosus
speciosus
speciosus
speciosus
(Paraspidosiphon) laevis
speculator
speculator
speculator
speculator
speculator
(Paraspidosiphon) steenstrupii
speculator
speculator
misakiensis
speculator
speculator
(Paraspidosiphon) tenuis
spengeli
spengeli
(Phascolosoma) spengeli
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
spetzbergense
strombi
spinalis
spinalis
spinalis
(Aspidosiphon) gosnoldi
spinalis
spinalis
spinalis
spinalis
spinalis
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
(Phymosomum) spinicaudus
spinicauda
(Phascolosoma) granulatum
(Phascolosoma) stephensoni
Lanchester, 1908
(Lanchester, 1908)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Lanchester, 190 5c
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1990
Sluiter,1912
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Murina,1977b
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Sluiter, 1912
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Sato,1934
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Murina,1977b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Sato,1934
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Gerould,1913
in Fischer, 1922c
in Migotto & Ditadi,1988
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Selenka, 1885
in Fischer, 1914b, 1920
in Wesenberg-Lund,1959b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979a (part)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Selenka,1885
in Saiz Salinas, 1986a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Selenka,1885
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979a (part)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Sluiter,1886
in Shipley,1899b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Theel,1875 (b)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Ikeda, 1904
in Cutler,1973
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Ikeda, 1904
in Ikeda, 1924
in SaW,1939
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1981
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Quatrefages,1865
in Baird, 1868
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990 .
socium
solitaria
solitarium
soya
soyo
speciosus
speculator
speculator
speculator
spengeli
spetzbergense
spinalis
spinalis
spinicauda
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
Sipunculus
= Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Dendrostoma
spinifer
= Themiste
Dendrostoma
spinifera
Themiste
= Themiste
Aspidosiphon
spinoso-scutatus
. Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
spinososcutatus
Paraspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
spinosum
= Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
spinosus
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
spiralis
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Physcosoma
spongicola
= Phascolosoma
Physcosoma
spongicolum
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Onchnesoma
squamatum
Phascolosoma
Phascolion
Onchnesoma
• Onchnesoma
sguamatum oligQPQPillosum
Onchnesoma
• Onchnesoma
Onchnesoma
squama tum squama tum
• Onchnesoma
steenstrupii
Onchnesoma
• Onchnesoma
Onchnesoma
steenstrupii
Onchnesoma
= Onchnesoma
steenstrupii
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
steenstrupii ambonensis
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
steenstrupiifaciatus
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
steenstrueii nudum
Onchnesoma
• Onchnesoma
steenstrupii steenstrupii
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidoslphon
• Aspidosiphon
spinicaudus
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
(Phymosomum) spinicaudus
(Phascolosoma) granulatum
(Phascolosoma) stephensoni
spinifer
incertae sedis
spinifer
spinifera
incertae sedis
spinoso-scutatus
spinoso-scutatus
(Paraspidosiphon) parvulus
spinoso-scutatus
spinososcutatus
spinososcutatus
(Paraspidosiphon) parvulus
spinosum
(Phascolosoma) perlucens
spinosus
spinosus
(Aspidosiphon) elegans
spiralis
spiralis
(Aspidosiphon) spiralis
spongicola
(Phascolosoma) scolops
spongicola
(Phascolosoma) spongicolum
(Phascolosoma) scolops
squamatum squamatum
squamatum
squamatum
squamatum
squamatum squamatum
§.quamatum oligQPgpillosum
squamatum oligopapillosum
squamatum
squamatum squamatum
steenstrupii steenstrupii
steenstrupii steenstrupii
steenstrupli
steenstrupii
magnibathum
steenstrupii
(Paraspidosiphon) steenstrupii
steenstrupli
steenstrupii ambonensis
(Paraspidosiphon) tenuis
steenstrupli faciatus
steenstrupli faciatus
(Paraspidosiphon) steenstrupli
steenstrupli nudum
steenstrupii nudum
steenstrupii
steenstrupii steenstrupii
(Paraspidosiphon) steenstrupii
Quatrefages,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Sluiter,1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Sluiter, 1902
(Sluiter, 1902)
in Cutler & Cutler,1988
Fisher, 1922
in Murina,1967b,c
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Fisher, 1922
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Rice,1975b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Johnson, 1971
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Sluiter,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Sluiter,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
(Koren & Danielssen,1875)
Koren & Danielssen,1875
in Selenka,1885
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
new status in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Cutler et al,1984
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
(Koren & Danielssen,1875)
new status in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Koren & Danielssen,1875
new status in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Koren & Danielssen,1875
sensu Murina,1968b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Diesing,1859
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Fischer, 1922a, 1923
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Augener,1903
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Cutler & Cutler,1985
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Diesing,1859
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
67
68
Sipunculans o/the world
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS} & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
steenstrupii steenstrupii
Onchnesoma
• Onchnesoma
steenstrupii
steenstrupii steenstrupii
Koren & Danielssen,1875
new status in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
(Stephen,1942)
Stephen,1942
in Wesenberg-Lund,1963
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Stephen, 1942 (part)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Stephen,1942 (part)
in Wesenberg-Lund,1963
in Stephen & Cutler, 1969
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler, 1977b
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
(Montagu, 1804)
in Theel,1875a
in Hylleberg Kristensen, 1969,1970,
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Hylleberg,1975
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Fischer, 1923
in Cutler & Cutler, 1980b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Koren & Danielssen, 1877
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmunds,1972
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Koren & Danielssen,1877
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
N onnan, 1894
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Gerould,1913
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Koren & Danielssen, 1877
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
(Montagu, 1804)
Montagu, 1804
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Edmonds,1980
new status: Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
stephensoni
stephensoni
stephensoni
strombi
strombi africanus
strombi alba
strombi canadensis
strombi capitatum
strombi fusca
strombi gracilis
strombi hyalina
strombi laevis
strombi spetzbergense
strombi tuberculosum
strombi tubicola
strombi verrucosum
strombus
strom bus cronullae
Phascolosoma
stephensoni
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
Dendrostoma
= Themiste
Dendrostoma
Dendrostomum
Themiste
Themiste
Themiste
= Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= PhascollOn
stephensoni
stephensoni
(Phascolosoma) stephensoni
(Phascolosoma) stephensoni
stephensoni
(Lagenopsis) lageniformis
stephensoni
stephensoni
stephensoni
stephensoni
stephensoni
(Golfingia) capensis
(Golfingia) capensis
strombi
(Phascolosoma) strombi
strombi
strombi
strombi
(Phascolion) strom bus
strombi africanus
strombi africanus
(Phascolion) strombus
strombi alba
strombi
subspecies questioned
strombi canadensis
strombi
subspecies questioned
strombi capitatum
strombi
strombi fusca
subspecies questioned
strombi
strombi gracilis
strombi
subspecies questioned
strombi hyalina
strombi
subspecies questioned
strombi laevis
strombi
subspecies questioned
strombi spetzbergense
(Phascolion) strombi
strombi tuberculosum
tuberculosum
strombi tubicola
tubicolum
(Phascolion) strom bus
strombi verrucosum
(Phascolion) strombi
Phascolion
strombus strombus
Sipunculus
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
strom bus
strombi
(Phascolion) strombus
strom bus cronullae
(Phascolion) strombus cronullae
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
subhamata
Phaseolosoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phaseolosoma
= Nephasoma
Phaseolion
Phaseolion
= Phaseolion
subhamatum
(Phaseoloides) sub hamata
subhamata
pellueidum subhamata
subhamatum
pellueidum sub hamatum
sumatrense
sumatrense
(Lesenka) valdiviae sumatrense
Sluiter,1902
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler et aI., 1984
in Cutler & Murina,1977
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
Fischer,I922b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
new status in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
takatsukii
takatsukii
(Siphonosoma) australe takatsukii
tasmaniense
(Phaseolosoma) annulatum
tasmaniense
tasmaniensis
(Phaseoloides) tasmaniensis
tasmaniense
temporariae
(Isomya) tubereulosum
tenuieinetus
elongata
tenuis
tenuis
(Paraspidosiphon) tenuis
tenuissima
(Phaseolana) tenuissima
triehoeephala
teres
elongata
tesselatus
nudus
thomassini
rhomassini
(Akrikos) thomassini
thomense
(Phaseolosoma) thomense
(Phascolosoma) perlucens
titubans
titubans
titubans
titubans
(Sipunculus) nudus
titubans
fitubans
(Sipunculus) norvegieus
titubans diptyehus
(Sipunculus) nudus
tortum
tortum
(Phascolion) strombus
tortus
tortus
Sato,1935
in Sato,1939
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Edmonds,1956
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
(Murina, 1964)
Murina, 1964b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Edmonds,1976
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
McCoy,1845
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Sluiter,1886
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Wesenberg-Lund,1959a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
Hutton, 1903
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Rafinesque, 1814
in Stephen & Edmonds, I 972
Cutler & Cutler,1979
Cutler & Cutler,1979a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Augener,1903
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, I 990
Selenka et al.,1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Cutler,1977b
in Cutler & Cutler, I 976
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Selenka & Bulow, 1883
in Murina,1976
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Fischer, 1895
in Cutler & Cutler,1985a
Edmonds,I976
in Murina,1978
in Cutler & Cutler,1985b
Selenka & Bulow, 1883
in Selenka et al.,1883
subhamatum
sumatrense
T
takatsukii
tasmaniense
tasmaniensis
temporariae
tenuieinctus
tenuis
tenuissima
teres
tesselatus
thomassini
thomense
fitubans
titubans
fitubans diptyehus
tortum
tortus
Continues next page
Siphonosoma
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Nephasoma
Golfingia
Golfingia
• Nephasoma
Phaseolion
= Phaseolion
Syrinx
= Golfingia
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Golfingia
Golfingia
= Golfingia
Phaseolosoma
= Golfingia
Syrinx
= Sipuneulus
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Physeosoma
Phaseolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Sipunculus
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
= Sipunculus
Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
Phascolion
Phaseolion
= Phascolion
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
69
70
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
SUBSP, & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
tortus
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Apionsoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
_Apionsoma
Apionsoma
_Apionsoma
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidosiphon
Dendrostoma
Themiste
Themiste
Themiste
Themiste
= Themiste
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostomum
= Themiste
Phascolosoma
= Aspidosiphon
Phascolosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Paraspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
= Aspidoslphon
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Siphunculus
Siphunculus
= Phascolosoma
tortus
tortus
tortus
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
(Aspidosiphon) muelleri
trichocephala
(Goljingia) trichocephala
trichocephala
(Apionsoma) trichocephala
trichocephala
trichocephalus
trichocephala
tridens
tridens
original description by Semper
tridens
tridens
tridens
(Lesenka) collare
trinidensis
trinidensis
trinidensis
(Paraspidosiphon) steenstrupii
tropicum
tropica
tropica
tropica
tropica
(Lagenopsis) lageniformis
tropicum
tropicum
tropicum
(Lagenopsis) lageniformis
truncatum
(Paraspidosiphon) coyi
truncatum
truncatus
truncatus
truncatus
truncatus
truncatus
truncatus
truncatus
trunca/us
truncatus
truncatus
truncatus
truncatus
truncatus
truncatus
(Paraspidosiphon) coyi
trybomi
(Goljingia) margaritacea
tuberculatus
tuberculatus
(Phascolosoma) noduliferum
in' Herubel, 1904b
in Fischer, 1923
in Gibbs, 1978
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler, 1979
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Sluiter,1902
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Selenka & de Man,1883
in Semper,1864
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler, 1977b
in Cutlel & Cutler,1985b
Cordero & Mello-Leitao,1952
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1979b,1980c
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Sato,1935
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler, 1977b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1981
in Murina,1981a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Sato,1935
in Sato,1939
in Wesenberg-Lund, 1963
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Keferstein,1867
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Keferstein,1867
in Selenka et aI., 1883
in Selenka,1885
in Sluiter, 1902
in Shipley, 1899c, 1902
in Herubel,1904b
in Ikeda, 1904
in Lanchester,1905b
in Fischer, 1914b
in Benham, 1912
in Hammersten,1914
in Sato,1939
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1979a
in Cutler et aI., 1984
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Theel,1905
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Gray, 1828 (in part)
in Rice & Stephen, 1970
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
trichocephala
trichocephalus
tridens
trinidensis
tropica
tropicum
truncatum
truncatus
trybomi
tuberculatus
REFERENCE
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS} & SPECIES
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
tuberculosum
Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolosoma
• Phascolosoma
tuberculosum
tuberculosum
tuberculosum
(Isomya) tuberculosum
tuberculosum
tuberculosum
(Jsomya) hedraeum
tubicola
(Phascolion) strombus
tubicola
tubicolum
(Phascolion) strombus
turnerae
(Phascolosoma) turnerae
Theel,1875
Lithacrosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Lithacrosiphon
• Lithacrosiphon
Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
uniscutatus
uniscutatus
uniscutatus
uniscutatus
ushakovi
ushakovi
(Phascolion) ushakovi
(Ikeda,1904)
Phascolion
Phascolion
= Phascolion
Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolion
• Phascolion
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Phymosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
Themiste
• Themiste
Siphonosoma
Sipunculus
Siphonosoma
• Siphonosoma
valdiviae
valdiviae
(Lesenka) valdiviae valdiviae
valdiviae valdiviae
valdiviae
(Lesenka) valdiviae valdiviae
valdiviae sumatrense
(Lesenka) valdiviae sumatrense
validum
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
varians
varians
varians
varians
varians
varians
varians
varians
varians
varians
(Phascolosoma) varians
(Phascolosoma) varians
(Phascolosoma) varians
(Phascolosoma) nigrescens
variospinosa
(Lagenopsis) variospinosa
vastum
vastus
(Hesperosiphon) vastum vastum
(Hesperosiphon) vastum
tuberculosum
tubicola
tubicolum
turnerae
Theel,1875b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Theel, 1875 (b)
sensu Cutler & Cutler, 1980b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Verrill, 1873
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Verrill, 1873
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Rice,1985
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
U
uniscutatus
ushakovi
Ikeda, 1904
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Jurczak, 1975
Murina,1974
Murina,1974c
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
V
valdiviae
valdiviae
valdiviae sumatrense
validum
varians
variospinosa
vastum
Fischer, 1916
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
new status in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Fischer,1916
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
new status in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Fischer,1916
new status in Cutler & Cutler, 1985b
Theel, 1875 (b)
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Keferstein,1865
in Selenka et aI., 1883
in Shipley,1890
in Augener,1903
in Shipley, 1898
in Gerould,1913
in Fischer, 1922a
in ten Broke,1925
in Sato,1939
in Leroy,1936
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler, 1977b ,
in Rice & MacIntyre, 1979
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Edrnonds,1980
in Cutler & Cutler,1988
(Selenka & Billow,1883)
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
71
72
Sipunculans of the world
SPECIES
STATUS
STATUS
AUTHORSHIP
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
GENUS
(SUBGENUS} & SPECIES
REFERENCE
vastum album
Sipuneulus
Siphonosoma
= SiphC!nosoma
Sipuneulus
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Sipuneulus
• Siphonosoma
Sipuneulus
Siphonosoma
= Siphonosoma
Sipuneulus
Siphonosoma
== Siphonosoma
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
Aspidosiphon
• Aspidosiphon
Sipuneulus
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Sipuneulus
Sipuneulus
Phaseolosoma
= Phaseolosoma
Phaseolosoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Sipuneulus
= Phaseolosoma
Sipuneulus
= Sipuneulus
Nephasoma
Goljingia
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
Goljingia
= Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
= Nephasoma
Phaseolosoma
• Goljingia
Phaseolosoma
= Goljingia
Phaseolosoma
= Goljingia
Phaseolosoma
= Goljingia
vastus albus
(Hesperosiphon) vastum album
status not confinned
vastus obseurus
(Hesperosiphon) vastum obseurum
status not confinned
vastus
(Hesperosiphon) vastum
vastus albus
(Hesperosiphon) vastum album
status not confinned
vastus obseurus
(Hesperosiphon) vastum obseurum
status not confinned
venabulum
venabulum
venabulus
(Akrikos) venabulum
venabulus
venabulus
(Akrikos) venabulum
vermieulus
vermieulum
(Phaseolosoma) perlueens
vermieulus
incertae sedis
(Phaseolosoma) vermieulus
(Phaseolosoma) perlueens
verrillii
verrillii
(Phaseoloides) verrillii
pellueida
pellueidum pellueidum
verrueosus
granulatum
violaeeus
incertae sedis
vitjazi
vitjazi
(Phaseoloides) viljazi
viljazi
vitreum
(Phaseoloides) vitrea
incertae sedis
vItreum
incertae sedis
vulgare
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
vulgare astuta
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
vulgare multipapillosum
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
vulgare selenkae
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
Shipley, 1899b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
Shipley,1899b
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Selenka & Biilow,1883
in Cutler & Cutler, 1982
Shipley, 1899b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Shipley,1899b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Selenka & Billow,ISS3
in Selenka et al.,1883
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler,1989
Selenka,et aI., 1883
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Quatrefages,1865
in Baird,1868
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Quatrefages,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Saiz Salinas, 1884
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Gerould, 1908
in Murina,I964b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Cuvier,1830
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Quatrefages,1865
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
vastum obseurum
vastus
vastus albus
vastus obseurus
venabulum
venabulus
vermieulum
vermieulus
verrillii
verrueosus
violaeeus
vitjazi
vitrea
vitreum
vulgare
vulgare astuta
vulgare multipapillosum
vulgare selenkae
(Murina,1964)
Murina,1964b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Roule,1898
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Roule,1898
in Cutler & Cutler,1986
(8Iainville,1827)
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Selenka,1885
in Cutler & Cutler,1987
Herubel,I925b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Lanchester,1905b
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Phuket Marine Biological Research Bulletin 58: 1-88
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
vulgare tropicum
Phascolosoma
= Goljingia
Golfingia
Sipunculus
Goljingia
• Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Golfingia
• Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Goljingia
pro Goljingia
= Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Goljingia
Goljingia
= Goljingia
Phascolosoma
Goljingia
= Goljingia
vulgare tropicum
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
vulgaris vulgaris
vulgaris
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
vulgaris (sic) antarctica
(Goljingia) vulgaris murinae
(Goljingia) margaritacea ohlini
vulgaris astuta
(Goljingia) vulgaris astuta
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
!!.illgaris herdmani
(Goljingia) vulgaris herdmani
vulgaris multipapillosa
(Goljingia) vulgaris multipapillosa
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
vulgaris murinae nom.nov.
(Goljingia) vulgare antarctica
(Goljingia) margaritacea ohlini
vulgaris queenslandensis
(Goljingia) vulgaris queenslandensis
(Goljingia) vulgaris queenslandensis
(Goljingia) vulgaris herdmani
vulgaris selenkae
(Goljingia) vulgaris selenkae
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
vulgare tropicum
(Goljingia) vulgaris tropica
(Goljingia) vulgaris vulgaris
Phascolosoma
Fisherana
= Goljingia
Physcosoma
= Phascolosoma
= Antillesoma
Nephasoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
Hfphasoma
Goljingia
• Nephasoma
wasini
wasini
(Apionsoma) lobostoma
weldonii
(Antillesoma) antillarum
antillarum
wodjanzkii wodjanizkii
wodjanizkii
wodjanizkii wodjanizkii
wodfanizkii elisae
wodjanizkii elisae
wodjanizkii elisae
Murina, 1977a
new status: Cutler & Cutler, 1986
Physcosoma
Phascolosoma
= Phascolosoma
yezoense
(Phascolosoma) yezoense
(Phascolosoma) agassizii
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1990
Phascolosoma
= Thysanocardia
Thysanocardia
Goljingia
= Thysanocardia
Sipunculus
= Sipunculus
zeni bakense
nigra
zenibakensis
(Thysanocardia) zeni bakensi s
nigra
zenkevitchi
vulgaris
vulgaris antarctica
vulgaris astuta
!!.illgaris herdmani
vulgaris muitipapillosa
vulgaris murinae
vulgaris queenslandensis
vulgaris selenkae
vulgaris tropica
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
Sluiter, 1902
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Blainville,1827)
Blainville,1827
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Murina,1957a
n.nov. in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Selenka, 1885
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Shipley,1903)
new status: Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Herubel, 1925b)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Murina,1957a
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Edmonds, 1956
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Edmonds, 1980
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
(Lanchester, 1905 b)
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
Sluiter, 1902
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler & Cutler, 1987
W
wasini
weldonii
wodjanizkii
YiQ!ljanizkii elisae
Lanchester, 1905 b
in Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
in Cutler, 1979
Shipley, 1892
in Cutler & Cutler, 1983
in Gibbs & Cutler, 1987
(Murina,1973)
Murina,1973b
new status: Cutler & Cutler, 1986
(Murina,1977)
y
yezoense
Ikeda, 1924
Z
zeni bakense
zenibakensis
zenkevitchi
species inquirendum
Ikeda, 1924
in Gibbs et al.,1983
(Ikeda, 1924)
in Cutler & Murina,1977
in Gibbs et aI., 1983
Murina,1969
in Cutler & Cutler, 1985a
73
74
Sipunculans of the world
STATUS
(SUBGENUS) & SPECIES
SPECIES
SUBSP. & SYNONYM
STATUS
GENUS
zinni
Aspidosiphon
zinni
Cutler, 1969
• Aspidosiphon
Dendrostoma
Themiste
Themiste
= Themiste
Dendrostoma
Dendrostoma
Dendrostomum
Dendrostomum
= Themiste
(Akrikos) zinni
zostericolum
zostericola
zostericola
(Themiste) hennahi
zostericolum
zostericolum
zostericolum
zostericolum
(Themiste) hennahi
in Cutler & Cutler, 1989
Chamberlain, 1920a
in Stephen & Edmonds,1972
in Rice, 1980
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
Chamberlain, 1920a
in Peebles & Fox,1933
in Fisher,1952
in Gross,1954
in Cutler & Cutler, 1988
zostericola
zostericolum
AUTHORSHIP
REFERENCE
REFERENCES (2).
Literature referred to in Table 1. An asterisk in front of the author indicates that the publication is available
at the PMBC Reference Collection.
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75
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Sipunculans of the world
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.
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