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The Exploitation of Raw Materials in Prehistory
The bead-maker's toolkit: The circulation of drilling technologies and gemstones in the "Middle Asian Interaction Sphere"2017 •
In: Pereira, T., Terradas, X. & Bicho, N. (eds.) (2017): The Exploitation of Raw Materials in Prehistory. Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Technological diversity of the Early Neolithic pottery of the Muge shellmiddens (Portugal): the case study of Cabeço da Amoreira2017 •
The Exploitation of Raw Materials in Prehistory: Sourcing, Processing and Distribution
The Technology of Neolithic Pottery North and South of the Western Carpathians. In T. Pereira, X. Terradas and N. Bicho (eds.), The Exploitation of Raw Materials in Prehistory: Sourcing, Processing and Distribution. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2017, 414-4312017 •
The paper considers certain technological aspects of the production of ceramic vessels by the Danubian cultures around the Western Carpathians. The analysis covers the vast areas north of the Carpathians (Lesser Poland) and the northern part of the Carpathian Basin (the borderland between Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Trans-Carpathian Ukraine). At the same time the analysis embraces a long time period, spanning 5500 and 4000/3800 cal. BC. The petrographic analysis of the pottery is focused on mineralogical and petrographic composition and component quantity ratios. Thin sections taken from the ceramic fragments have been examined with a polarized light microscope. The technological groups of ceramics of the Danubian cultures in Lesser Poland were distinguished. Pottery from the Carpathian Basin was also classified into a few petrographic groups. The results of the analysis of ceramic technology are helpful in the reconstruction of culture change processes around the Western Carpathians.
Cooking devices such as hearths and slabs are relatively common in archaeological records, mainly in settlements, as they are related to daily domestic activities. Conversely, it is often hard to identify the presence of cooking structures when they are fragmented and in a secondary context. Recent research at the Bronze Age pile dwelling settlement of Grotta di Pertosa (Salerno, Southern Italy) returned 138 ceramic flat pieces of unknown function which were found in a circumscribed zone of the entrance chamber. We successfully tested an integrated approach combining morphology, macroscopic observation and analytical investigation (minero-petrographic). We present both the technological and functional evidence that allowed us to identify those ceramic flat pieces as cooking slabs.
The Exploitation of Raw Materials in Prehistory. Sourcing, Processing and Distribution. T. Pereira, X. Terradas & N. Bicho (eds)
Testing a New Methodological Approach to Define the Use of Dolerite Outcrops for Prehistoric Tool Production in Mediterranean Iberia. 20172017 •
A methodology based on the determination of mineral analysis has been developed to identify the origin of dolerite stone outcrops that were collected to fabricate lithic objects during Late Prehistory. Rare earth elements (REE) and trace elements were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was also employed for the analysis of major elements. Samples from different natural outcrops and archaeological sites located in the Mediterranean area of Spain were studied to test the proposed methodological approach. The employed REE/PAAS ratios allow us to establish geochemical differences between dolerites collected from different areas in this geographical framework.
Green lithic beads made by Late Holocene hunter-gatherer groups were recovered from different archaeological sites of the Lower Paraná wetland. Since most of these beads are made of green rocks, they were traditionally referred to as copper minerals such as chrysocolla, turquoise and malachite. The Lower Paraná wetland has no primary lithic outcrops and Argentinean copper quarries are distant. However, there are nearer copper sources in the nearby country of República Oriental del Uruguay. The aim of this paper is to characterize geochemically the archaeological stone beads recovered in the Low Paraná wetland in order to determine whether they are copper-rich rocks as traditionally defined, to test their variability and to evaluate the nearest copper sources. For this purpose, archaeological and geological samples were analysed using a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) to determine the elemental composition of materials. In the geological samples, results show the presence of copper rocks, possibly chrysocolla. On the other hand, archaeological beads were made from different lithic sources, most of them, without copper. These preliminary results should be combined with mineralogical information to fully characterize the lithic archaeological assemblage, along with data on additional geological sources which will contribute to the tracking of the exchange networks of these items.
The site of Pastora Cave, located in eastern Spain, provides us with an interesting funerary sequence for the Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic period (middle IV millennium until the last centuries of III millennium cal BC). The site was excavated in 1940, 1945 and 1950 and is one of over 130 known burial caves with multiple inhumations in the Valencia region from this period. Numerous human remains were found (55) with some rich and elaborate grave goods, especially flint blades made with foreign raw materials. In this work we present the results of technological and functional analyses of 61 blades from this site. The results show clear differences in size and technological characteristics that suggest several areas of production origins. We identified a lack of use wear for a significant number of these objects and propose hypotheses about the meaning of their presence in funerary contexts.
As published by MESO 2015 Scientific Committee on 20th March 2015.
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