Antiacademy English Dictionary by Estefalu

E s t e f a n o L U J A N R o m e r o

Philippe-Joseph Salazar, in his numerous investigations on the power of rhetoric in contemporary political discourses, has been cautious to distance his views from those of the postmodernists for whom rhetoric has nothing to do with truth. I here compare his views to those of full blown relativists rhetoricians, in particular Barbara Cassin penultimate draft in Jaco Barnard Naudé ed. The incomprehensible, the critical rhetoric of Philippe Joseph Salazar, Acta Juridica , 70-87

My juvenilia. This article began as a seminar paper written years before I had found my scholarly footing, for my first graduate school mentor, Robert Scholes. He insisted that I submit it to Narrative, who indeed snapped it up.

Antiacademy English Dictionary by Estefalu Estéfano Luján Romero estefalu@gmail.com COPYRIGHTED Edition December 2017 Table of Contents About Estéfano Luján Romero Other titles by Estéfano Luján Romero Prologue About Estéfano Luján Romero I am a lexicographer, writer, and philosopher. I like dictionaries since I was a child, and this is why I compile now four of them in four languages: Italian, French, Spanish, and English. Other titles by Estéfano Luján Romero Antiacadémie Dictionnaire Dizionario Italiano Estefalu Antiacademia, Diccionario Español Prologue Back in the antiquity, the kings granted prerogatives of printing literary works only when these befitted their kingdoms. The liberal authors being forbidden to write about other subjects than bigot ones, they contrived clandestinely to compose them and make them read. Recently, the antecedent to the edition of a literary work was to work an editorpublisher to let it into his “business”. He, or she, was inexorable when you were lacking renown. The commendable improvement of Internet is exempting us from both difficulties: publishership and kingdom, with the additional benefit of sparing paper, and, consequently, trees. The digital libraries are unlike to the primitive ones: the once-forbidden books coexist with the ones the bigots denominate disputably as classic works. The chooseableness of “this something to read” or “this something to study” is no more limited by walls. The existence of literary composition is no more conditional on publishability. The immediacy from author to reader is modernly real. The king’s approbations, the prudist’s censure, the ISɒN, the publisher’s money-making were the exclusive means between the one and the other. This facility of communication, contemporaneous with Internet, is making the art of composing less mercenary than it was. New writers, new composers, new readers are voluntarily initiating into literature, which, formerly, was a luxury or an occupation that none but the initiated could indulge themselves in. You may now write whatever, opining against everything and everyone you dislike, fancying what is not realized, or recording your memories, unless you are one of the subjects of certain abhorred realms where the king (otherwise the queen, the tyrant, the president, or the supreme counsel) prohibits you from doing everything but serving him. Anything may be the receptacle of your composition (as paper, skin, glass, sand, hardware, etc.), and the composition itself may be retrievable, pursuantly to your purpose either of perpetuating it or not. The more complex it is, the more you are necessitated to think about it: what I mean by thinking is the selection and the exclusion of the constituents, not only in an analysis of the grammatical assemblage, but also in the semanticizing of every vocable comprised in it. The omission or negligence of semanticizing (to analyse semantically) what one writes and what ones speaks equalizes our verbal faculty with the one of the parrots. We, humans, are told to be “rational”, for the sake not more of sincerity than of arrogance and adulation, because such attribute seems to be used to synonymize this one of “paramount to the other animals”, in the ignorance or disregard that volatile beings are much better than us: no other faculty but that of flying must be reputed as the most immediate to the state of liberty, if not liberty itself; where we, “rational beings”, have been fooled to become “planted” in our respective birth-lands through the irrationality of what we parrot since our childhood. Think back to your school lessons. How much of what you repeated as a lesson were you able to semanticize or distinguish “rationally”? How many times have you recited what is denominated the “national anthem”, understanding nothing or little of it? Is that not parrotry? You were educated, not to question what you ought to “parrot”, but to follow it undisputedly. One can scarcely find someone who is not a psittacist (parotter) among us. The saluters are not the wishers of health, but, merely, the psittacists of an instinctive “hello”. ɑlike, the ones who parrot a “how are you?” are not interested at all in your health, but in complying with a conventionalism in which a reply is not expected. The psittacist is someone who is unable to avail himself of the words as one avails oneself of the numbers; this is, when one purposes to mean the number fifty, one can mean it differently, either by the direct expression, 50, or by an indirect method, as the multiplication of 10x5, or 25x2, or the sum of 40+10, or 30+20, or 49+1, etc. The psittacist is unable to construe his own constructions and, pursuantly, he parroted others’. He finds “right” such idiom as “I fall in love with you”, ridiculously metaphorical as it is, being disabled from meaning it otherwise, as with an “I am affected by a love towards you”, which construction is not only literal but also very worthy to be imitated. The psittacist would be easily puzzled by reading such construction as “I returned home, in order to another excursion to the sea side” (I am quoting John Evelyn), where the locution “in order to” is followed by other vocable than the infinitive, this one (the infinitive) being the object he expects to find always after of “in order to”. I distinguish the psittacists into two classes: the oral ones and the writing ones. The one who writes can be at ease to construe and deconstruct for hours what he (she) intends to signify, if the writer is able to semanticize every vocable mediated in the composition. As an immediate consequence of this discriminative exercise, the writer prevents herself (himself) from being a psittacist. But how many of us, either occasional or professional writers, are able to define every vocable we have heard, read and repeated either through our lives or occasionally, without conjecturing? The reply to this question should be deduced from the fewness of English lexicographical works (less in French, Italian and Spanish, respectively), which, added to the fact that most dictionaries are compiled by psittacists, is an evidence enough that there is still no anti-psittacism design to be institutionally executed, as in the schools or in the universities. The one who tongues is, compared to the one who writes, inevitably constrained to commit psittacism, because in a dialogue, for example, the interlocutors not would suffer one another to delay their speeches if each attempted to construe and deconstruct (instead of parroting) what they are to speak out. Though writing is a facilitator for us to shun psittacism, most pages of the books, newspapers and magazines have been printed with a parrotry that misbecomes the arrogant attribute that humans are “rational”. The parrotry that “Cleopatra was a good fellatrix” may be as inadmissible as the one of “law of gravity”. If Cleopatra was a real being, and a fellatory honourer, we have no photographic representation of her fellating a man; hence, we being ignorant of her manner of fellatio, we are unable to predicate of her as a bad fellatrix or, in the contrary, as a good one. ɑs for “law of gravity”, if the psittacist of these three words would semanticize them, he (she) would find that the employment of “gravity” is enough to signify the same that he (she) is meaning by “law of gravity”. You can mock at the psittacist of “law of gravity” by asking him (her) the legislators who concerted such “law” and the year in which it was legislated. Pursuantly to what I have predicated of psittacism, it may be either totally literal (as in “law of gravity”) or variously illiteral (as when someone predicates of Cleopatra to be a good fellatrix), in which case the attribute is differently expressed, but the parrotry about the once queen is the same. The phrasal “make love” participates of both kinds of psittacism. It is disapprovable not only for being parrotry, but also for being tendentious. It is as if all the bigots of the planet had met sometime to concert secretly a program by which they could prevent unmarried persons from “fucking”, the connotation of this phrasal “make love” being the one of “fucking someone with whom the fucker is in love”. Thus, “the act of making love is one consequent to the act of loving an only person, the one with whom the fucker is fucking”, because the word love has been previously degraded from its general value to the particular one of “heterosexual covenant between two persons”. To epithet the verb “to fuck” as “vulgar”, as the bigots do, is an attempt to abolish it; they have been partially frustrated of this attempt, but, in recompense, they got psittacists to repeat “make love” and to be deluded into believing that they who fuck, do not love, whereas they who make love, do love. Why to compose a dictionary of English language where there are hundreds of them in the shelves of libraries? This is the question that may follow on your being acquainted that I propose to compose one more. To prevent you from this eventuality, I have to ask you if you repute the existent dictionaries as being objective works. If you answer is a “yes”, let me undeceive you of this error by offering what should be an indisputable proof that most dictionaries of languages, if not all, are unobjective. That in the year 1828, date of one of the first editions of Webster English Language Dictionaries, the hypocrites predicated badness of “masturbation” may seem to us “consequent on the prudery of the epoch”. It is precisely this 1828 dictionary the container of this fault against objectiveness, where they synonymized “masturbation” with the ridiculous “self-pollution”, and stigmatized it blatantly with the contemned vocable of “onanism” (Onan being a fabled personage who prevented his fucker from becoming pregnant with a “coitus interruptus”). This definition was probably a transcription, not a silly opinion by Noah Webster. Lexicography have been for years the art of compiling a dictionary, by “parroting” what first lexicographers wrote, with their mannerisms, hypocrisy, bigotry, preconceptions and partialities. Though we may find an almost objectivized definition of “masturbation” in the modern dictionaries, the tendentiousness of lexicographers is evidenced by the quotations joined to it. Their quoting passages which are either vilipensive or misdescriptive of the word is nothing but an attempt to seduce readers into an abhorrence of it, or to work “masturbation” to its ineffability or nefandousness. Thus, any cautionless reader of what Oxford Dictionary quoted under the lemma “masturbation”, and being an approver of his (her) masturbations, may misthink that he (she) is becoming an idiot because of the “authoritative” Oxford relation between “masturbation” and “idiocy” mediated by the tendentious quotation of “The masturbation self-enclosure produces idiots”, passage attributed to D. H. Lawrence. Every one knows masturbation, as any sexual act freely and unconstrainedly made, is innocuous. The hypocrites and bigots are who dissimulate their own sexual pleasures with invectives against others’ pleasures. There is yet much more to be said against the bigotry, tendentiousness and hypocrisy of lexicographers. Compare the parrotry employed against the lemma “pornography” by the compilers of Merriam-Webster’s Unabridged (third edition) and Oxford Dictionaries. Such words as “licentious”, “obscene” and “lewdness”, occurring in their “definitions” of pornography are indicative either that lexicographers lack objectiveness, or publishers and kings are still prevailing over authorship. Their works seem rather a by-product of “catechism” than the literary result of impartial observers. How many of these parroters —who vilipend publicly the pornographic art— delight concealedly in watching videos and photos of this quality? How many of them, women or men, fancy they are able to do the like they see in the screen? Is this fact of adjectiving pornography with “obscene” a mere parroting or a systematic purpose to hinder the sexual art? For the former questions, the undoubted reply is “many of them”; and for the latter one, my persuasion is that there is as much of “unanalyzed iteration” of the “formula” as of “systematization”. If you show someone several synonymous vocables to adjective the word “pornography” with, among which “obscene”, “unpleasing”, “offensive”, and you reserve the notice that they are synonymous, the testee would choose “obscene” because of the stereotyping of the construction; after which, you may confess that you were synonymizing; and the testee, if in a sincere mood, may not only retract his choice, but also oppose his approbatory “attributes” to yours. I become indignant with the commonplace definition of “pornography” and its conjugates committed blatantly by lexicographers and registered in most dictionaries. To shun parroting the vocable “obscene” on qualifying the pornographic art must be the consequence of an objectivization. Though we find the word pornography used by writers and general speakers in non-objective constructions —rarely, if ever, you may hear or read a “the Luca Damiano’s pornography” syntax, for example— the definer is to reluct against this subjectivity. The fact is, that “a pornography” is made to flaunt nudity and fuck. If the definer likes it or otherwise, his/her like or dislike is not to be meant within the definition. ɑnother instance of “parroting” in lexicography is to mean the vulva and the penis by the general word of “genitals”, as if both of them were only for “generation”. The employment of “genitals” is only acceptable in contexts where “generation, pregnancy, etc.” are the objects of our writing or talk. In erotica or eroticism, the vocables of “vulva” and “penis” are to be employed instead of “genitals”. Language is rather an accident than a scientific learning. It’s neither the product of a laboratory, nor an unacquired quality of the human being. Everyone’s vocabulary is like the echo of someone else in the sequence either of minutes or of years. Lexicographers and grammarians attempt to rationalize it in order to a common pattern. But, the first ones, with their unworthy partiality for prudery or pudibundery, not to mention their neglect to disapprove of abuses, leave much to be desired. Why there is no lexicographical criticism? Why there is no teachership of lexicography? Why such subjectiveness in the dictionaries that we know? The reply to these questions should derive itself from the suspicion that we have slyly been and we are unwarnedly being programmed to behave ourselves in the manner that the impersonality of the state wants. Though our idiom is an accidental gain, much of it is an adaptation to conserve a “political” system from unwanted changes. Now again, I have to resume the vocable of “pornography”, to explain myself better. What would follow if other lexicographers coincide unintentionally with me in the objectivization of this word, and, instead of parroting that it is the expression of “obscenity”, as our master “State-church” wants, they would predicate that it is the show of “nude sexiness”, or the romanticization of our eroticism? For sure, the veto upon it would start to annihilate and people, consequently, would exercise their sexuality in an ungenerative or contraceptive manner, as men and women do in the pornographic films. What would become of a “state” or of a “regimen” without new generations? It would become impossible with no new subordinates serving it as soldiers, with no taxpayers and with no workers. This is why we should not hope the promotion of an alternative lexicography on the part of the “statesmen”. ɑn objectivization of lexicography may amount to the imminency of a “virus” able to alter the ancient programming to which we have unperceivedly been framed. When people questions what has been “parroted” in the dictionaries, they question the “State”, they dispute the existence and the truth of what lexicographers state as existent and true. They who do not question such lexicography as this one that I am reproving for its tendentiousness, are the same that degenerate their adultness into a miserable state of dwindling, corrugation and infirmity for nothing but to realize what “parrots” predicate against oldness. Humans languish, not because of their nature, but for their frame of mind, mostly made up with sophisms almost systematically taught in the schools, in the universities, in the books, through the ridiculous speciality that is pretentiously named “philosophy”. I remember with displeasure the parrot of my primary school teachers in their speciality of “biology” as to “humans are born, they reproduce and die”. I disbelieve that they were sophists: they were either persons fooled into divulgating the others’ sophisms, or men and women unable to suspect and detect them. As I have said above, lexicography have been for years the art of compiling a dictionary, by “parroting” what first lexicographers wrote, with their mannerisms, bigotry, preconceptions and partialities. It was oligarchized, unadvantaged and unknown to most persons. But, now, Internet became for us all an incentive to transmute lexicography into the art of revising, correcting and disputing what “bigots” used to write undisputedly. There is much to do. ɒut, let’s begin now! Everyone is able to construct their own vocabulary! Two, three, or two hundred lemmas! Number should neither motive nor discourage this enterprise. One of worst problems we find in lexicography is etymology: the difficulty, sometimes the impossibility, of tracing rationally the origin of vocables may demotivate us. You may become a lexicographer, without specializing as an etymologist. But, you never busy yourself in lexicography with a disregard of what is proposed as the etymon of vocables. The most unworthy dictionaries are the unetymological ones, because of their disorder and confusion. An objectivized work must be diversely principled. One of these principles is the distinction between the literality of a word and its metaphorical uses, which, in most cases, may be ascertained by etymology. The literality of the verb “dispute” is “to debate argumentatively”, “controvert (a theme, somebody)”, and its metaphoricalness is “to compete for the possession of”. In order to the objectivation of lexicography, the succession of the acceptations of a lemma must be consequent on the distinction of their literality and their metaphoricalness. How to make this distinction? You can group vocables that are etymologized as having a common root: dispute, repute, compute, count, putative are derived from the Latin verb putare (to reckon, to think). Of these five words, it is only dispute that has an acceptation extraneous to this common implication of “thinking” mediated by the Latin putare. Precisely, this acceptation (to compete for the possession of) is the one metaphorical. INDEX Abut, accede, accomplish, accost, accurate, accuse, acquainted, accredit, admittedly, affair, aground, amend, anon, anorgasmia, anorgasmic, appliance, astir, attire (v.), bandy (v.), banter (v.), bed, beget, begrudge, beguile, behalf, behove (behoove), beset, bestride, blame, blend, blunder (v.), bold, bound, brag, bribe (n.), brisk (adj.), brisk (v.), browbeat, careless, caution (v.), chary, chip, chuckle (v.), clap, class, cling (v.), coital, collapse (v.), collude, compel, congenial, consultee, correspond, cram (v.), crave, craven, cuddle, cunnilingue, cursory, curtsy (v.), daunt, decide, deem, deflect, delude, demur, demure, depose, descry, deserve, desirable, desist, desultory, detail, deter, detriment, dim, dint (n.), dip, disabuse, disclaim, disport (v.), disprove, dispute, disrobe, dissave, dissemble, drip, drivel, drone, droop, dull, dupe, ease, elate, elope, encroach, enhance, enjoin, enlarge, ensnare, ensure, entice, escalade, eschew, excellency, extol, extort, fellate, fellator, fellatrix, filch, finger (verb), flabby, flag, flaunt, flinch (verb), flit, flurry, foible, forfeit, forgo, fuss, gadget, gape, garrulous, gaze, geld, gloss (verb), gratuitous, grim, grovel, grudge, gush, harass (verb), hesitate, hoard (verb), humour (verb), hurry, imbue, immerse, impart, improve, indisposed, indivertible, inferrible, ingratiate, instead, instil, intemperance, interject, intestate, introvert (verb), intrude, iteration, jolt (verb), knack (noun), lag (verb), lampoon, leave (noun), leisure (noun), liable, listless, loaf (verb), loom, lull (verb), lurk, manner, masturbate, masturbation, mince, misadventure, misattribution, misbecome, misbehave, miscellaneous, misreckon, mistime, mistrust (verb), miswrite, mood, mope, moult, niggard, niggardly, nosey, nosh, novelize, obscene, often, olfaction, orgasm (verb), otherwise, outlook, outnumber, overdress, overeat, oversleep, overstay, own, parry, peer, percolate, pert, pique, pomp, pornography, praise (verb), preparatory, proficient, prologue, proscribe, prose (verb), prosper, pry (verb), puny, pursuantly, quaff, quail (verb), quell, quiesce, quiz, quiver, rally, ramble (verb), rankle, rapacious, rash, rave, rebuff (verb), reclaim, rehearse, reinspect, relapse (verb), relent, remiss, remittance, requite, research, respite (noun), restore, retard, romp, roof (verb), rote (noun), scamp (verb), scan, scorn (verb), scowl, scroll, scrub, secrete, semanticize, semblance, sexily, sexiness, shabby, shy (adj.), skip, slain, slay, slight (verb), slurp, slut (noun), smart, smuggle, snare, snoop, soppy, spill, sprawl (verb), sprinkle, squat, stager, stint (verb), stoop, style (verb), subversive, sulk (verb), surfeit, surmise, tally, tattle, tarry, temporize, tender, thrive, tiny, totter, translocate, trend, trickle, truculent, tutor, unacceptance, unacquainted, unacquired, unartful, undeceive, undeceiver, undergo, underrate, understate, unwieldy, upbraid, vanquish, vapid, volunteer, yell (verb), walkies, wantedness, wean, weather-bound, wince _abut_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: əbʌt. Etymology: from Old French abouter (= to border on), from a- (= to) + buter (= to push, to strike). The word was perhaps confused with Old French abuter (= to put end to end, to come to an end, to aim), from a- (= to) + but (= end, thing aimed at, purpose). Preterite tense: abutted. Preterite participle: abutted. Present participle: abutting. Intransitively: a. (Of a land, estate, region, or the like) to be contiguous with another, along a border. Synonyms: to march with; border on; to skirt; to end at. b. (Of two or more substances, estructures, etc) to be contiguous with a projecting part or end, as strata do when it is supported by another. Translation: aboutir, in French; colindar, in Spanish; confinare, in Italian. These glaciers […] were detached, not running in continuous curves along the coast, but abutting from opening valleys. Elisha ɜane…. The United States Grinnell Expedition -)With the preposition on, upon, into, or against + noun of what is contiguous: The passages wound through the walls of the modern part of the palace and abutted in effect at the old Owl Tower, as it was called, on the outer wall. William Thackeray… Barry Lyndon This afternoon a carrier’s cart with two men made a call at the empty house whose grounds abut on ours. ɒram Stoker… Dracula To apply the arches to their piers, and to one another, they should abut upon one another. Alexander Jamieson… A Dictionary of Mechanical Science Philadelphia goes early to bed, and the streets were lonely and silent, but much better lighted than the portion of the town abutting upon the Delaware. ɑlexander Mackay… The Western World Nevertheless, the houses in Guildford Place were near; and their back premises abutted against the outer aide of the wall along which he was now proceeding. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London […] the strata there lie nearly horizontal, but on this ridge the granite seems to have been the active agent of elevation, for the rocks, both on its east and west, abut against it. David Livingstone… Researches in South Africa Within this same crater, strata of coarse tuff, chiefly composed of fragments of lava, abut, like a consolidated talus, against the inside walls. Charles Darwin… Volcanic Islands It was a steep rocky cliff, abutting far into the stream. Edgar Poe Transitively: 1. To adjoin with an end; to border on. […] other similar laths are then to be nailed throughout the whole length of the joists with their ends abutting each other. The Mechanics' Magazine, Museum, vol. 23 The said river wall is intended to be constructed as nearly as possible parrallel throughout with the raised land abutting the shore. The London Gazette, Part 2 [Blofield] is situated to the N. E. of Henstead, and, abutting the city of Norwich on its western extremity, comprehends an area of about twelve miles in length. ɛames Dugdale… The New British Traveller When two arches were placed abutting each other. William ɒland… Experimental Essays […] the argillaceous summits of the southern part are abutted by limestone. George Long… The geography of Great Britain 2. To cause to abut or end against; to support by abutment; as, to abut a timber against a post. To take and assess the value of such portion of the land in a like case, upon which a mill dam has been abutted with the consent of the owner. ɛames Gavin… The Statutes of the State of Indiana English words derived from abut: abutter, abutting, abutment, abuttal. _accede_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: æksiːd. Preterite tense: acceded. Preterite participle: acceded. Present participle: acceding. Etymology: from Latin accēdĕre (= to approach, accede), from ac- (= to) + cēdĕre (= to move on, go, come). The French accéder, Italian accedere, and Spanish acceder are from the same origin. Intransitively: 1. To come to a place; to come forward; to approach; --it is rarely found. Antonym: to recede. [The balls] acceded a little, and when he removed the heated iron, they returned to their place again. The Philosophical Transactions, vol. XI 2. To assume an office, after progression; to make accession; --with preposition to + noun. The Baron's eldest son had now sorrowfully acceded to the leadership of his clan. Martin Millar… Lonely Werewolf Girl 3. To make accession; to become a participator, accessary or party; to associate with another or others in a league, confederacy, etc. Hence, to agree or assent to a proposal, request, etc.; --with preposition to + noun. Translation: accéder, in French; acceder, in Spanish; accedere, in Italian. Synonyms: to consent, concur, comply, acquiesce. Antonyms: to disagree, dissent. Both would have been in direct contradiction of the treaty of Fontainbleau, to which Britain had acceded, though she was not of the contracting parties. Walter Scott… Life of Napoleon It was among the first states that acceded to the union. ɛohn Melish… United States of America This was not acceded to on the part of the poet, without considerable reluctance; but the gentleman's pressing solicitations prevailed on him to consent. The miscellaneous works of Oliver Goldsmith Markham cordially acceded to this suggestion. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London […] a foreigner called at Markham Place and requested a few moment's private conversation with our hero. The request was immediately acceded to; and the foreigner was shown into the library. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London As this time, the father of Francesco Andrea Frediani, wishing to settle the differences that so long had disturbed the two families, proposed a marriage between a daughter of Luc' Antonio and his grandson. This proposal was acceded to. ɛohn Scott… The London Magazine English words derived from accede: access, accessarily, accessariness, accessary, accessibility, accessible, accessibly, accessibleness, accession, accessional, accessorial, accessorily, accessoriness, accessorize, accessory, unaccessory, accidence, accede, acceding. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin cēdĕre, see INTERCEDE. _accomplish_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: əkʌmplɪʃ, ək mplɪʃ. Preterite tense: accomplished (əkʌmplɪʃt). Preterite participle: accomplished. Present participle: accomplishing. Etymology: from Old French acompliss- stem of acomplir (now French accomplir), from Latin ad- to + complere (= to fill up, complete), from com- (intensive prefix) + plere (= to fill). Transitively: 1. To cause the accomplishment of (something that was potential, purposed, feared, etc.); to cause to become fully actual; to do to completion. Synonyms: to achieve, perfom, effect, cause, fulfil, realize, consummate, complete, effectuate. Translation: accomplir, in French; cumplir, in Spanish; compiere, in Italian. The scarabaeus hung quite clear of any branches, and, if allowed to fall, would have fallen at our feet. Legrand immediately took the scythe, and cleared with it a circular space, three or four yards in diameter, just beneath the insect, and, having accomplished this, ordered Jupiter to let go the string and come down from the tree. Edgar Poe All was now confusion and despair--but an effort was made to lighten the ship by throwing overboard as much of her cargo as could be reached, and by cutting away the two masts that remained. This we at last accomplished--but we were still unable to do any thing at the pumps. Edgar Poe I seized a salt-cellar which lay within reach, and hurled it at the head of the intruder. Either he dodged, however, or my aim was inaccurate; for all I accomplished was the demolition of the crystal which protected the dial of the clock upon the mantelpiece. Edgar Poe What shall we think of a machine which can not only accomplish all this, but actually print off its elaborate results, when obtained, without the slightest intervention of the intellect of man? Edgar Poe It is possible, however, that some one may, at length, have accomplished what others have hitherto vainly attempted. ɛohn Scott… The London Magazine, vol. V Scarcely was this portion of the lesson accomplished, when steps were heard ascending the stairs. George Reynolds… The Mysteries of London […] his fears in this respect were not accomplished. George Reynolds… The Mysteries of London You can never accomplish your schemes through my agency! George Reynolds… The Mysteries of London He felt certain that his wishes would be accomplished. George Reynolds… The Mysteries of London -)Reflexively: A revolution takes place in society only when a moral revolution has previously accomplished itself in the minds of men. The Westminster Review, col. 15-16 2. To execute or do (a work) to completion; to finish; to complete. How that work was accomplished it is useless to inquire. Wilkie Collins… Basil […] a still more ambitious work was accomplished by John Minsheu in the production of a polyglot dictionary of English with ten other languages, British or Welsh, Low Dutch, High Dutch, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. ɛames Murray… The evolution of English lexicography 3. a. In an age calculation: to get the grade of completeness of (an age). b. In an distance calculation: to get the grade of completeness of (distance gone); to reach completely. Synonym: to complete. Before we had accomplished half our journey, though it was but fifteen mile, I resolved we should go straight on to the village for the night, and take a fresh day to examine the land. ɛohn Galt… Lawrie Todd […] having accomplished three miles of the retreat, the party arrived at the main road that extended between Innis's camp and Blackstock's. ɛohn ɜennedy… Horse-Shoe Robinson 4. To make complete with a contributory adjunct, an accessory, etc.; to equip completely; to improve into something complete or perfect. 5. To improve (someone) completely; to make (a person) acquire a complete ability, quality, etc. She did not wish, she said, to be a thing to be looked at, therefore she pursued other studies than those which are sometimes considered to accomplish a lady; and when she returned from school, she could keep her father's books. The Universalist and Ladies’ Repository, vol. 11 The son of a cheesemonger is sent to a little academy to accomplish him for a gentleman. ɒenjamin Dawson… Philologia Anglicana -)Reflexively: Thus was my resolve renewed to accomplish myself as a gymnast, and, above all, to develop my physical strength. Atlantic Monthly, vol. 9 […] to accomplish myself in the knowledge of men. Colburn's New Monthly Magazine In needlework she early accomplished herself. The Home Monthly […] if she would only consent to remain at the institution another year, at her own cost, until she had accomplished herself on the piano and harp […] that she should then come to her to share her home and fortune. Emma Southworth… Retribution […] there are not many who show any very extraordinary zeal to accomplish themselves in the principles and practice of composition. The Edinburgh Review or Critical Journal -)In preterite participle: Well-educated and accomplished herself, she was able to do this with success. Timothy ɑrthur… Madeline English words derived from accomplish: accomplishable, accomplisher, accomplishing, accomplishment, unaccomplishable, unaccomplished, unaccomplishment. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin plere, see COMPLETIVE. _accost_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: ək st. Etymology: from French accoster, from Late Latin accostare (= to be side to side) from Latin ad- to + costa (= rib, side). Preterite tense: accosted. Preterite participle : accosted. Present participle: accosting. Intransitively: to sail along the coast or side of; to go or remain alongside of; --it is obsolete. Transitively: 1. To go close to; --it is archaic. Synonyms: to approach. 2. To draw near to and speak to (someone). Synonyms: to address, greet. Translation: parler à quelqu'un en l’accostant, in French; hablar a alguien, habiéndosele acercado, in Spanish; parlare a qualcuno, avendolo accostato, in Italian. Had the lady been alone, I should undoubtedly have entered her box and accosted her at all hazards. Edgar Poe Somebody had accosted him in the street, mistaking him for no less a personage than Doctor Dubble L. Dee, the lecturer upon quack physics. Edgar Poe In an instant afterward, this man came forth, accosted my companion by name, shook him cordially by the hand, and begged him to alight. Edgar Poe One evening coming out of my hotel, an elderly man exceedingly well dressed, accosted me in Italian Walter… My secret life [A man] accosted us in Spanish. The Knickerbocker, vol. 50 One morning, he and his sticks were sunning themselves in the porch at Ashlydyat, when a stranger approached and accosted him. Henry Wood… The Shadow of Ashlydyat [A gentleman] who was accosted by the Dodger as Tom Chitling. Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist -)Particularly: to draw near to and speak to (someone), for prostitution. English words derived from accost: accostable, accosting. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin costa, see CUTLET. _accurate_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: ækjʊərət. Etymology: from Latin accūrātus (= performed with care, studied, exact), preterite participle of accūrāre (= to take care of); from ac- (= to) + cūrāre (= to care for); from cūra (= care). 1. Executed with care; --it is obsolete. 2. (Of a personal action) correct, as the result of care; having or implying accuracy; exempt from error or inaccuracy. Hence, corresponding with truth. Synonyms: exact, precise, correct. Antonyms: inaccurate, inexact, imprecise, erroneous. Translation: précis, in French; exacto, in Spanish; accurato, in Italian. We also measured the thickness of every book-cover, with the most accurate admeasurement. Edgar Poe We obtain also a more just and accurate idea of the extent and dimensions of this immense building. Sarah Haight… Over the ocean It was not until after an extensive and accurate acquaintance with the details of chemical phenomena, that it was found possible to frame a rational definition of chemistry. ɛohn Mill… A System of Logic… I cannot doubt that all this has been stated with accurate truth by the venerable lady. Walter Scott… The Betrothed “ɑ fish is an animal inhabiting the water”. This is a definition, but it is not an accurate definition […], for some insects inhabit the water. Charles True… The elements of logic The want of an accurate knowledge of distant countries. ɛames ɒuckingham… America 2. (Of a person, his memory, etc.) doing something with accuracy; performing an action correctly or without error because of his care. If my memory is accurate, I. W. remained with I. M. Hellman. Harris Newmark… Southern California Somewhat less than six years after my arrival (or, to be accurate, on the fifteenth day of ɑugust, 1859 […]), I entered the family of Uncle Sam. Harris Newmark… Southern California Carilis was not quite accurate in her conclusions. Laetitia Hawkins… Heraline If he is accurate in the proportionate values which he respectively assigns to these metals, it proves the very great abundance of gold. Robert Kerr's General History… I believe I am accurate in saying that I was the youngest boy who ever went to Eton. ɑrthur Sebright… A glance… Let me be accurate in everything, for though you and I have seen some strange things together, you may at the first think that I, Van Helsing, am mad—that the many horrors and the so long strain on nerves has at the last turn my brain. ɒram Stoker… Dracula As I wish to be extremely accurate in this part of my chronicle, I beg that this Jacob Van Tassel of the Roost may not be confounded with another Jacob Van Tassel. Washington Irving… Miscellanies English words derived from accurate: accurately, accurateness, inaccurate, inaccurateness, inaccurately. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin cura, see PROCUREMENT. _accuse_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: əkjuːz. Etymology: from Latin accusare (= to call to account); from ac- (= to) + causa (= cause, reason, account, a suit of law) Preterite tense: accused (əˈkjuːzd); preterite participle: accused. Present participle: accusing. Transitively: 1. To make the subject of an accusation; to render (someone) subject to a suit of law. Hence, to render (someone) subject to a blame; to declare (a person) as the committer of a fault or offense; to find fault with. Synonyms: blame, censure, criminate, impeach, arraign, indict, denounce. Antonyms: to acquit, excuse, exculpate. Translation: accuser, in French; acusar, in Spanish; accusare, in Italian. Crispus received her addresses with detestation, and she, to be revenged, accused him to the emperor. Oliver Goldsmith… The history of Rome -)With the preposition OF, followed by its object (a noun, or a gerund), by which the accusation is designated: Irascibility was his sole foible, for in fact the obstinacy of which men accused him was anything but his foible, since he justly considered it his forte. Edgar Poe She went even so far as to accuse me, laughingly, of rashness -- of imprudence. Edgar Poe Know, then, we are not ignorant that Damian de Lacy, accused of instigating and heading this insurrection, […] has found shelter under this roof. Walter Scott… The Betrothed […] you prove that the fraud he is accused of is atrocious. ɛohn Mill… A System of Logic He accuses them of cowardice. Samuel Williams… History of Vermont -)-)With the preposition AS, followed by a noun: Mr. Jones was accused as the probable cause of this accident. Caleb Snow… A History of Boston -) With the preposition TO + noun of the person who has authority to hear and try the cause: They were well satisfied with the evidence, and forthwith accused him to the house of peers of high treason. Edward Clarendon… Rebellion… She accused them to Mrs. Benson of having purloined many articles of clothing. Harper's New Monthly Magazine, vol. 11 -) -)Reflexively: […] she accused herself of imprudence. Laetitia Hawkins… Heraline He did not accuse himself of acting wrong in his interview with Williams. William Dunlap… Memoirs of a Water Drinker 2. (Of something) to make known; to reveal; it is metaphorical. Intransitively: to utter an accusation. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin causa, see CAUSAL. English words derived from accuse: accusably, accusable, accusal, accusant, accusation, accusative, accusatorial, accusatorially, accusatory, accused, accuser, accusing, accusingly, unaccusable, unaccusably, unaccused. _acquainted_ Participial adjective. Pronunciation and accent: əkweɪntɪd. Etymology: from ACQUAINT (verb) + suffix -ed. Derivative: acquaintedness. 1. Of a thing or an animated being: apprehended mentally; become an object of knowledge; known; --it is obsolete. It was followed by the preposition to, or unto; as, a word acquainted to the children; a fellatrix acquainted to me. 2. a. (Of an animated being) having acquaintance with (someone else); this is, having intercourse of speech or of treatment with someone else; personally known (to an animated being). b. (The subject being more than two animated beings) having mutual knowledge. Antonyms: stranger; unfamiliar; unacquainted. Synonyms: introducee; familiar; personally interrelated. Translation: conocido, in Spanish; familiarizzato, in Italian; familiarisé, in French. He did not even introduce me to his wife;--this courtesy devolving, per force, upon his sister Marian-- a very sweet and intelligent girl, who, in a few hurried words, made us acquainted. Edgar Poe I met him by hazard for a moment at Bethany; I neither asked then, nor did he impart to me, his name. How then could I tell you we were acquainted? Benjamin Disraeli… Works, vol. 4 When brought together they acknowledged being acquainted, but each said the other was not the beloved one. Thomas Carlyle… Fraser’s magazine, vol. 61 -)Particular syntax: with the preposition with + the noun of the person with whom one is in acquaintance: I cannot […] remember how, when, or even precisely where, I first became acquainted with the lady Ligeia. Edgar Poe When he came back from the Crimea he became acquainted with me at my home in the north, and we were married within a month of first knowing each other. Thomas Hardy… A Changed Man Residing in Paris during the spring and part of the summer of 18--, I there became acquainted with a Monsieur C. Auguste Dupin. Edgar Poe Aside from the agricultural information that may be gained by such association, it will make families of the same town better acquainted with each other. The New England farmer, vol. 11 The ladies of the different staterooms began to become somewhat acquainted with each other through Mrs. McGregor, who informed them of each other’s condition, and conveyed messages of politeness and good will to and fro. Jacob ɑbbott… The Florence stories 3. (Of an animated being) having acquaintance with something; this is, having experimental knowledge of something. Antonyms: strange, ignorant, unknowing, uninformed; unacquainted. Synonyms: knowing; informed; intellegenced; learned; understanding. Translation: enterado, in Spanish; informato, in Italian; renseigné, in French. -)Followed by the preposition with, + the noun of the thing known through experience or instruction: That these lines were written in English - a language with which I had not believed their author acquainted - afforded me little matter for surprise. Edgar Poe With the rest of the adventure I believe you are as well acquainted as myself. Edgar Poe Man is made unwillingly acquainted with his own weakness, and meditatio n shows him only how little he can sustain, and how little he can perform. Samuel ɛohnson… The Western Isles of Scotland -)-)Followed by the preposition of + the noun of the thing known, but not necessarily with the implication of experience or instruction: You will be acquainted of the arrangements […] Charles Fox… Memorials and correspondence… Perhaps you may enquire why this committee did not make a report of their proceedings? I cannot tell you. I did then suppose that they were acquainted of the circumstances of Thurston’s pretences of having a letter soon […] Tyler Parsons… Truth… -) Followed by a clause introduced by the conjunction that, where it seems understood the preposition of; thus, in I am acquainted that you orgasmed twice before I orgasmed only once, it is to be undertood I am acquainted of that you orgasmed twice before I orgasmed only once: I know my love is above.--Let her be acquainted that I am here, waiting for admission to her presence, and can take no denial. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa […] a boat was observed coming from the shore, and on arriving along side, Captain Otway was acquainted that an aide-de-camp of the governor and several people […] were in her, and that they had come to demand the surrender of the ship. James Ralfe.. The naval biography… [“] How else," said Jones, "should Mrs Miller be acquainted that there was any connexion between him and me? [”] Henry Fielding… Tom Jones Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of Latin gnoscere: unacquaintance, acquaintance, acquainted, acquaint, acquaintanceship, acquaintancy, acquaintedness, quaint (adj.), quaintish, quaintlike, quaintly, quaintness, inacquaintance, cognition, cognitional, cognitive, cognitively, cognitum, cognizability, cognizable, cognisable, cognizableness, cognizably, cognizance, cognizanced, cognizant, cognisant, cognize, cognise, cognizer, cogniser, recognizable, recognition, recognitive, recognitory, recognizability, recognizably, recognizance, recognizant, recognize, recognized, recognizedly, recognizer, recognizing, recognizingly, cognomen (n.), cognomen (v.), cognominal, cognominally, cognominate, cognomination, cognominity, cognominize, cognominous, cognosce, cognoscent, cognoscibility, cognoscible, connoisseur, connoisseurship, ignore, ignoble (adj), ignoble (v.), ignobleness, ignobly, ignominious, ignominiously, ignominiousness, ignorable, ignorance, ignorant, ignorantly, ignoration, ignominy, incognito, incognizability, incognizable, incognisable, incognizance, incognizant, incognoscent, incognoscibility, incognoscible, inconnu, narrate, narratee, narration, narrative (adj. n.), narratively, narrativity, narrator, narratory, narratress, narratrix, nobilitate, nobilitated, nobilitating, nobility, noble, nobleman, noblemanly, noble-minded, noble-mindedness, nobleness, noblesse, nobly, notice (n. v.), noticeable, noticeability, noticeably, noticer, notifiable, notification, notifier, notify, notifying, noting, notion, notional, notionalist, notionally, notionary, notionate, notionless, notorious, notoriety, notorify, notoriously, notoriousness, precognition, precognitive, precognizant, precognize, prognose, prognostic, prognosticable, prognostical, prognostically, prognosticate, prognosticated, prognostication, prognosticative, prognosticator, prognosticatory; reacquaint, reacquaintance. _accredit_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: əkr dɪt. Etymology: from French accréditer, which is analysable into a- (= to) + crédit (= credit); and this one from Latin crēditus, preterite participle of crēdĕre (= to trust, believe). Preterite tense: acredited. Preterite participle: acredited. Present participle: accrediting. 1. To make credible; to make gain credit; to attribute credit to (something.) Translation: accréditer, in French; acreditar, in Spanish; accreditare, in Italian. What has most contributed to accredit the hypothesis of a physical medium for the conveyance of light, is the certain fact that light travels. ɛohn Mill… A System of Logic He had however no such letters upon him (and I accredited his assertion for it was impossible to believe him capable of falsehood) and he was finally set at large by the good natured interference of Colonel. New Monthly, vol. 11, 1839 2. To send (a diplomatic agent, ambassador, envoy, etc.) with credentials on a political mission; to authorize formally (a delegate); --with the preposition TO, or AT + noun. [I showed] my respects to a princess to whom I came accredited. ɑndrew ɒigelow… Travels in Malta and Sicily That he had not yet accredited his ambassador at the court of Lisbon. The American Annual Register 2. To attribute the merit of something to (a person); to honour with the credit of an action. Hence, to attribute something unmeritorious to (a person.) -)With the preposition with + a noun, or a gerund: He had accredited her with remarkable intelligence. Margaret Hungerford… April's Lady You did not accredit me with so much adaptability. Lucas Malet… The Gateless Barrier "Move on, please," sounds the voice of the burly policeman, evidently suspecting my motives, and accrediting me with suicidal intentions. E. Cook… Highways… [Jean Alfonse] is accredited with having been first to navigate the waters of Massachusetts Bay. Samuel Drake… Nooks and Corners… 3. To certify (an institution of learning, as school, university, etc.) as having a regular or desirable standard. English words derived from the verb ACCREDIT: accreditation, accrediting, unaccredited. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin crēdĕre, see CREDIBLE. _admittedly_ Adverb. Pronunciation and accent: ædmɪtɪdlɪ. Etymology: from ADMITTED + -ly, from ADMIT, which is analyzed in ad- (= to) and mittere (= to send). Definition: in an admitted manner; by common acknowledgement. Synonym: acknowledgedly. Antonym: maybe. Translation: ciertamente, in Spanish; certainement, in French; certamente, in Italian. The gravity of so small a body would be insufficient to draw them to it, unless they traveled straight in its direction, and, as the moon was moving rapidly around Mars, the chances of this were admittedly small. R. Norman Grisewood… Zarlah the Martian At that time the scientific work offered to students at Rochester was admittedly insufficient in quantity. Popular Science Jul 1892 At the time of my visit all wells were admittedly very low, and in some places entirely dried up. Popular Science Abr 1891 Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of, the Latin mittere: see REMISS. _affair_ Noun. Plural: affairs. Pronunciation and accent: əf ə(r). Etymology: from Old French afaire, originally infinitive phrase à faire (= to do), from Latin ad + facere (= to do), like ado in English for at do. Etymological identity with the Italian affare and French affaire. 1. a. What one has to do; what one has ado; what has to be done. Synonyms: ados; business. Now this affair of putting up walls and connecting them strongly with a roof has been the chief concern of architects. Arthur Butler… Architecture This affair of writing fiction. ɑlbert Shaw… The American review… The affair of the establishment of a government is a very difficult undertaking. Edmund ɒurke… Policy of the Allies… The whole leap was the affair of a moment. Edgar Poe Her domestic affairs. Thomas Hardy… A Changed Man Mary actually knew everything about my domestic affairs almost as well as if she had lived opposite to me herself, for my neighbours knew a good deal about me. Walter… My Secret Life To strip the two [girls], and examine their cunts was an affair of five minutes. Walter… My Secret Life 2. (In this acceptation affair synonymizes vaguely with thing and concern, but it may retain its connotation of ado) a thing that concerns any one or anything; a concern, a matter. It's an affair of money. George Meredith… The Egoist According to the psychiatrists, mental disturbance is primarily an affair of emotion and desire rather than of intellect. R. S. Woodworth… Psychology 3. (In plural) deeds; human doings; occupations. Synonyms: businesses; pursuits, transactions. Antonyms: events, accidents. I did not pretend to disguise from my perception the identity of the singular individual who thus perseveringly interfered with my affairs, and harassed me with his insinuated counsel. Edgar Poe. The secret affairs and transactions of princes. Ephraim Chambers… Cyclopedia -)Particularly: a. Commercial or professional businesses. b. Public businesses; governmental transactions; functional deeds concerning either a nation or nations collectively. Men of affairs, trained to business. Samuel Smiles… Character This interpreter was a person employed to transact affairs with the Hollanders. J. Swift… Gulliver’s Travels Our foreign affairs. Edmund Burke… Thoughts… 4. (In singular. In this acceptation, the word “affair” synonymizes vaguely with “case”, “factual thing”, “happening”, etc.) I will tell you all I know about this affair; - but I do not expect you to believe one half I say - I would be a fool indeed if I did. Edgar Poe Since the affair of the letter, I had been in the habit of watching her house, and thus discovered that, about twilight, it was her custom to promenade, attended only by a negro in livery, in a public square overlooked by her windows. Edgar Poe I betook myself to a more methodical investigation of the affair. Edgar Poe The Tragedy in the Rue Morgue. Many individuals have been examined in relation to this most extraordinary and frightful affair. Edgar Poe The affair had occurred years and years ago; but what I had said had made him think and dream about it as if it were but yesterday. Thomas Hardy… Desperate Remedies One evening, about a week after the affair of the picture, as he was sitting talking to Mrs. Bedwin, there came a message down from Mr. Brownlow, that if Oliver Twist felt pretty well, he should like to see him in his study, and talk to him a little while. Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist 5. (This acceptation is familiar and unworthy to imitate) thing; a material object. _aground_ Adverb. Pronunciation and accent: əgraʊnd. Etymology: it is analysed into A (obsolete preposition for ON) + GROUND. Definition: a. Obsolete: (of direction or position) on the ground; on the earth. b. (Of a ship, boat, or anything floatable) having the bottom on the ground; ashore; stranded; on the shallow bottom of a river, lake, etc., where it is no longer afloat. Antonym: afloat. Syntax: to run aground, to aground, to be aground, to get aground, to lay aground. Translation: échoué, in French; encallado, in Spanish; in secca, in Italian. Ramon, after three days navigation, having the misfortune to run aground on a sand-bank, was killed by the Indians with some of his people. Samuel Wilcocke… Viceroyalty of Buenos Aires The surf was already foaming high over the wreck. Blow followed blow. The black hull kicked up its heels, to go aground more violently than ever. Hood’s Magazine…, vol. II As the depth of water at the ship was only eighty-two fathoms, there was reason to believe that the whole of the icebergs in-shore of us were aground. William Scoresby… Journal of a voyage… We were aground in the night and detained by a fog. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world […] the tides run with such rapidity as to overset ships that are not aground. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels We set sail that same day from Pemba, being the 20th December, and by midnight our ship got aground on the shoals of Melinda, or Pemba, which we were not aware of, but got off again, by backing our sails, as the wind was very moderate. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels […] our pilots got our ship aground on a sand bank. Robert Kerr… Voyages and Travels My boat, which was known to all the watermen above bridge, was found at daylight laying aground at Milbank, having only one scull in her. ɑlfred Spencer… Memoirs of William Hickey At dusk they ran the canoe aground on a sheltered beach, and Agatha landed, feeling very tired and cold. Harold ɒindloss… The Lure of the North Many of the boats from Point Levi ran aground on a shallow in the river. Washington Irving… George Washington We at first endeavoured to pull her [the canoe] into the deep water, beyond the reach of the savages, but, finding her too firmly aground, and there being no time to spare, Peters, with one or two heavy strokes from the butt of the musket, succeeded in dashing out a large portion of the bow and of one side. Edgar Poe _amend_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: əm nd. Etymology: of Old French amender, from Latin emendare (= amend, correct), from e(= out) + mendum (= fault). Spanish enmendar, Italian emendare, and French amender are from the same origin. Transitively: 1. To make amendment of (a person); correct (someone) of a fault; --it is obsolete. 2. To correct (a thing) of a fault; --it is obsolete, except when the direct object is relative to a textual error; to emendate. Translation: amender, in French; enmendar, in Spanish; emendare, in Italian. Such was the deserved end of the traitor and tyrant Vuist; yet Versluys, who was sent expressly to amend what the other had done amiss, and to make the people forget the excesses of his predecessor by a mild and gentle administration, acted perhaps even worse than Vuist. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels […] the phraseology shall be preserved, while the spelling only is amended. ɛohn ɒanim… The Denounced The first edition of this appeared in 1583; the second, which is much enlarged and amended, in 1598. Henry Hallam… Literature of Europe Gibbon rightly amended his phrase. ɛohn Morley… Voltaire I shall send a copy of the entries in the diary, revised and amended. Mary ɒraddon… Birds of Prey His journal only […] to be divided into chapters, and perhaps to be amended by a few verbal corrections. Robert ɜerr… Collection of Voyages and Travels 3. To make the amendment of (a bill, a constitution, etc.); to modify formally by addition or deletion of text; to rephrase. I am far from considering this bill as one of those that cannot be amended, for I can discover but few objections to the regulations proposed in it, and those not relating to any of the essential parts, but slight and circumstantial. Samuel ɛohnson… The Works… In the committee, when we have considered the first clause, and heard the objections against it, we may mend it; or, if it cannot be amended, reject or postpone it, and so proceed through the whole bill with much greater expedition. Samuel ɛohnson… The Works… 4. To repair (what is damaged); to restore; --it is archaic. 5. To heal (a sick person); to cure (a disease); ---it is obsolete. 6. By extension: to cause (something) to become better; improve; to modify for the better; to better. This increase of barley tillage hath also amended the Cornish drink, by converting that grain into malt, which (to the ill refreshing of strangers) in former times they made only of oats. Richard Carew… Carew’s Survey of Cornwall Intransitively: to correct oneself of one’s faults; to cease from misbehaving. English words derived from the verb AMEND: amendment, amendable, amendableness, amendatory, amended, amender, amending, amends. English words derived from Latin mendum: emend, emendable, emendate, emendation, emendator, emendatory, emended, emender, mend, mendable, mendacious, mendicant. _anon_ Adverb. Pronunciation and accent: ən n. Etymology: Middle English anon, from Old English on an (= in one; this is, in one moment, in one movement, in a body, etc.), from on (= in) + an (= one). 1. Obsolete and pristine values: a. In one body; together; in one accord. b. In one state. c. In one direction. 2. Archaic: instantly, at once. 3. Misuse: in a short time; soon, in a little while. You will not maltreat me. My partner, Sir Giles Mompesson, will be here anon, and will requite any outrage committed upon me. William ɑinsworth… The Star-Chamber […] lie thou there, good dog, I’ll be back anon. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood 4. Found in correlation with another adverb that has previously been used in the context: now again; here again; then; now at this time. I now heard as if the owners of the voices were moving slowly from place to place among the brushwood. There were intervals of silence, and then the whispering and talking would begin, and anon there was a sound of footsteps, nicked slowly, and with groping among the bushes. Robert Douglas… Adventures of a medical student […] now to the right, then to the left, again up in the air, and anon to the bottom. Charles Dickens… Sketches by Boz There is nothing more uncertain, however, than the action of the whirling eddies of a great rapid. True, the general flow of its body of water is almost always the same, but its superficial billows are more variable— now tossing a drifting log to the right, anon to the left, and casting it ashore, or dragging it with fearful violence into the raging current. Robert Ballantyne… The wild man of the West Fräulein Müller was charmed at hearing some of her favourite poems, asking now for this little bit, and anon for another, and expatiating upon the merits of German poets in general, and Heine in particular, in the pauses of the lecture. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Phantom Fortune A kind of zigzag channel had been worn on the side of the mountain, and through this the avalanche rushed, hidden at intervals, and anon shooting forth, and leaping like a cataract down the precipices. John Tyndall… The Glaciers of the Alps The wind came in sharp fitful gusts, whistling now, and anon sighing through the young green leaves and old boughs of the huge trees. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood… -)Ever and anon: ever and again, every now and then; frequently; often. It was a fearful page in the record my existence, written all over with dim, and hideous, and unintelligible recollections. I strived to decypher them, but in vain; while ever and anon, […] the shrill and piercing shriek of a female voice seemed to be ringing in my ears. Edgar Poe _anorgasmia_ Noun. Pronunciation and accent: ænɔːgæzmɪə. Plural: anorgasmias. Etymology: it is analysed in an- (privative prefix), + orgasm + -ia (suffix). It is etymologically and semantically identical with Spanish anorgasmia, Italian anorgasmia, and French anorgasmie. Definition: state of a person who does not orgasm for any cause (for sickness, dysfunction, inability, inhibition, bigotry, etc.) [Anorgasmia] occurs in both men and women. Barry Komisaruk – Sara Nasserzadeh… Orgasm Answer Guide “Situational anorgasmia” relates to the [… state] under which a woman may or may not experience orgasm –such as being able to experience orgasm by masturbation but not with a partner. Barry Komisaruk – Sara Nasserzadeh… Orgasm Answer Guide About 90 percent of women with anorgasmia overcome the disorder once they’ve learned to pleasure themselves and enjoy their sexual sensations. Yvonne Fulbright… Safer Sex Anorgasmia is the inability to have an orgasm, whether the woman has never had an orgasm or has lost her ability to have one. Yvonne Fulbright… Safer Sex English words derived from orgasm: orgasmic, orgastic, anorgasmic, orgasm (verb), orgasmically. _anorgasmic_ Adjective. Accent: anorgasmic. Etymology: it is a denominative of ANORGASMIA. Anorgasmia is analysed in an(privative prefix) + orgasm and -ia (suffix). It is etymologically and semantica lly identical with Spanish anorgasmico, Italian anorgasmico, and French anorgasmique. 1. (Of a person) who does not orgasm for any cause (for sickness, dysfunction, inability, inhibition, bigotry, etc.) Antonym: orgasmic. […] many women are anorgasmic (they don’t have orgasms) and have been either too embarrassed to mention it or they feel abnormal. Beth Moran – Kathy Schultz… Finding the healer within I was asexual and anorgasmic until I was thirty-two years old. Then I discovered my sexuality, my identity as an intersexed person, and I learned how to become orgasmic. Sharon E. Preves… Intersex and identity […] some women are totally anorgasmic, others are orgasmic during copulation, and others show frequent copulatory orgasm. Peter Slater… Stress and behavior […] an anorgasmic woman who is capable of enjoying sexual activity with a partner is not “dysfunctional” […] John ɒancroft… Human sexuality 2. (Of a thing) characterized by anorgasmia. Antonym: orgasmic. An anorgasmic state is a distressing but relatively uncommon condition in men in which the […] process of erection and ejaculation occurs in the absence of the subjective sensation of pleasure initiated at the time of emission […] Donald Pfaff… Hormones, brain, and behavior Ejaculation is taken as external proof that a man has experienced an orgasm, despite evidence that men can ejaculate without orgasm, technically known as anorgasmic ejaculation. Lisa Moore… Sperm Counts English words derived from orgasm: orgasmic, orgastic, anorgasmia, orgasm (verb), orgasmically. _appliance_ Noun. Pronunciation and accent: əplaɪəns. Plural: appliances. Etymology: from the verb APPLY + -ANCE. The Latin plicare is the ulterior etymology of the verb APPLY. 1. Action of applying; this is, the action of placing in contact or proximity; application. Synonyms: to approximate, conjoin, connect, approach, near. Antonyms: to separate, disunite, disconnect. Translation: aplicación, in Spanish; application, in French; applicazione, in Italian. [I] demonstrated to my own satisfaction, what has since been frequently observed and publicly asserted, that the vapour of chloroform mixed with atmospheric air is a supporter of respiration. The end is attained by the appliance of the sponge a little distance from the nostrils. The Veterinarian […] to spur on a horse by the heels, to excite his action by the appliance of the heels, spurs. ɛohn ɜer… Our popular phrases It would seem as if he had consoled himself by frequent appliances to the bottle. R. Stevenson and L. Osbourne… The Wrong Box 2. Metaphorically: action of using something incorporeal, as if by getting a contact or approximation between it and an end (purpose, appropriation, etc.) Before proceeding further I shall describe the apparatus, its appliance, and the advantages to be derived from its use. London medical gazette, volume 22 […] the demand for its appliance [of the barometer] in the laboratory is almost ceaseless. Campbell Morfit… Chemical… manipulations Few subjects are more interesting than the discovery in the materials which surround us of a force, hitherto unknown, its transfer from natural sources, and its appliance to machinery, its introduction as a new and precious tool into the great workshop of the world. Samuel Hole… A little tour in America 3. A thing, corporeal or incorporeal, used as a means for someone to do something. Synonyms: apparatus, device, adminicle. Translation: adminículo, aparato, in Spanish; adminicule, in French; apparecchio, in Italian. Bill has now brought me some new appliances, as I've also learned to masturbate satisfactorily. He brought me, for instance, a very sophisticated dildo with a rubber bulb, which one fills with warm soapy liquid. Nancy Friday… Forbidden Flowers […] another and more advanced stage in my course of instruction; in which the main object was no longer the aids and appliances of thought, but the thoughts themselves. ɛohn Mill… Autobiography The prince had provided all the appliances of pleasure. There were buffoons, there were improvisatori, there were ballet-dancers, there were musicians, […], there was wine. Edgar Allan Poe […] he spends his whole small income upon chemical and electrical appliances. ɑrthur Doyle… The Doings of Raffles Haw Omnibuses convey you, if you please, from a convenient part of the town to the beach and back again; you have a clean and comfortable bathing- machine, dress, linen, and all appliances; and the charge for the whole is half-a- franc, or fivepence. Charles Dickens… Reprinted Pieces It has its reading-rooms, its library, its chemical laboratory, its museum, its art department, its lecture hall, and its long list of lectures on subjects of various and comprehensive interest, […]. Very well. But it may be asked, what are the practical results of all these appliances? Charles Dickens… Speeches With the earliest light of the next morning, men were at work upon the river, and other men - most of whom volunteered for the service - were examining the banks. All the livelong day the search went on; upon the river, with barge and pole, and drag and net; upon the muddy and rushy shore, with jack-boots, hatchet, spade, rope, dogs, and all imaginable appliances. Charles Dickens… Edwin Drood [Ellis] bought elaborate gymnastic appliances. Octave Thanet… The Stout Miss Hopkins's Bicycle […] all the means and appliances of pleasure and enjoyment were there. Richard Burton… Vikram and the Vampire We have no appliances here for the education of an actress. William ɒlack… Macleod of Dare […] a variety of toilet appliances. William Howells… The March Family Trilogy Within the tower there are beautifully finished rooms-two tiny tea-rooms and a dressing-room, and also a real effective kitchen, with all necessary appliances for a repast or a pic-nic. Benjamin Silliman… A Visit to Europe in 1851 In the great towns in our country immense stores of books are provided for us, with librarians to class them, kind attendants to wait upon us, and comfortable appliances for study. William Thackeray… The Newcomes Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of Latin plicare: ply (noun, verb), plying, accomplice, accompliceship, complice, complicitous, complicity, complexion (noun, verb), complexioning, complex (noun, verb, adj.), complexing, complexify, complexification, complexifying, complexified, complexional, complexionally, complexioned, complexionless, complexity, complexly, complexness, uncomplex, uncomplicated, complicate, complicated, complicatedly, complicatedness, complication, complicity, complicacy, deploy (noun, verb), deployed, deploying, deployment, display (noun, verb), displayable, displayed, displayer, displaying, displayment, undisplayed, employ (noun, verb), employability, employable, employed, employee, employer, employing, employment, unemployed, unemployment, unemployable, unemployability, unemploy, disemploy, disemployed, disemployment, re-employ, re-employment, explicate, explicated, explicating, explication, explicative, explicatively, explicatory, unexplicated, inexplicable, inexplicableness, inexplicability, inexplicably, explicit, unexplicit, unexplicitly, inexplicit, inexplicitly, inexplicitness, exploit (noun, verb), exploited, exploiting, exploitability, exploitable, exploitage, exploitation, exploitative, exploitee, exploiter (noun, verb), exploiterer, exploiting, exploitive, exploiture, unexploited, implicate (adj. verb), implication, implicational, implicationally, implicative, implicatively, implicativeness, implicit, implicitly, implicitness, implied, impliedly, unimplicated, imply, implyment, perplex, perplexing, perplexable, perplexed, perplexedly, perplexedness, perplexer, perplexing, perplexingly, perplexity, perplexment, unperplex (verb), unperplexed, plait (noun, verb), plaited, plaiter, plaiting, plaitless, plash (verb), plasher, plashing, plashment, pleach (noun, verb), pleaching, pleached, pleacher, pliant, pliantly, pliantness, ply (noun, verb), plying, plight, reply (noun, verb), replying, replyingly, replyist, unreplied, unreplying, splay (verb, noun), splayed, splaying, supple (adj., verb), suppled, supplely, unsupple, unsuppled, unsupplicated, suppliant, suppliantness, suppliantly, supplicant, supplicantly, supplicate, supplicated, supplicating, supplicatingly, supplication (noun, verb), supplicationer, supplicator, supplicatorily, simple, simple-minded, simple-mindedness, simple-mindedly, simpleness, simpleton, simplex, simplicial, simplicist, simplicistic, simplicity, simplicize, simplification, simplificator, simplificatory, simplified, simplifiedly, simplifier, simplify, simplifying, simplism, simplist, simplistic, simplistically, simply, double (noun, verb), doubleness, doubler, doublet, doubleted, doubling, doubly, duplicate (noun, verb), duplicating, duplicable, duplicability, duplicated, duplicatedly, duplicating, duplication, duplicative, duplicature, duplicity, duplicitous, treble (noun, verb, adj.), trebled, trebleness, trebling, trebly, triple (noun, verb, adj.), tripled, tripleness, triplet, triplex (noun, verb), triplexity, triplicity, triplexed, triplicate (verb, adj.), triplicating, triplicated, triplication, triplicative, triplicature, triply, quadruple (noun, verb, adj.), quadrupled, quadrupler, quadruplet, quadruplex (noun, verb), quadruplicate (verb, noun, adj.), quadruplicating, quadruplication, quadruplicature, quadruplicity, quadrupling, quadruply, multiple (noun, verb, adj.), multiplet, multiplex (verb, noun, adj.), multiplexed, multiplexing, multiplexer, multiplexity, multipliable, multipliableness, multiplicability, multiplicable, multiplicand, multiplicate, multiplication, multiplicational, multiplicative, multiplicatively, multiplicator, multiplicity, multiplied, multiplier, multiply (adv., verb), multiplying, application, applicative, applicatively, applicator, applicatory, applied, applier, applicate (adj., noun), applicant, applicancy, applicably, applicableness, applicable, applicability, appliance. _astir_ Adverb. Pronunciation and accent: əst ː(r). Etymology: it is analysed into a (prep.) + STIR, noun. Definition: 1. (Of someone or something) stirring, in a state of manifest activity. Synonyms: active, moving. Antonyms: quiet, resting, motionless. Translation: actif, in French; activo, in Spanish; attivo, in Italian. All was astir in an instant. Robin Hood and his merry men, with the morrisdancers, rushed out of their bowers, and the whole churchyard was in agitation. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches In the camp all was quiet—indeed, a stillness unusual and portentous seemed resting upon it. No sports were in progress, no one was astir. ɛason Orton… Camp Fires of the Red Men He rose, took his shoes in his hand, turned the key in the door with great caution, and crept downstairs. Nothing was astir there but the smell of coffee, wine, tobacco, and syrups. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit Virginia, Maryland, and the Carolinas were astir with warlike preparations. William Hunt… The Political History of England 2. Particularly: (of someone after his night rest) out of bed, up. Antonyms: abed, asleep. Alan was astir early next morning. He made his toilet with unusual thought and care for his personal appearance. Erle Cox… Out of the Silence … by daylight we were astir, and preparing for our expedition. William Thomes… The gold hunters’ adventures _attire_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: ətaɪə(r) Third-person singular simple present: attires. Preterite tense, preterite participle: attired. Present participle: attiring. Etymology: from Old French atirier (= to arrange, array, dress), which is from tire, an obsolete French word for “row”, “rank”. The English noun tier (= rank, row) is also from this obsolete French tire. Transitively: to adorn (a person) with a attire, dress, or apparel; this is, to take on (something intended more for the sake of flaunting it, or of complying with some requirement, than of protecting the body). Translation: vestire, in Italian; vestir, in Spanish; habiller, vêtir, in French. Synonyms: to array, clothe, garment, robe. Antonyms: undress, disrobe, unclothe, strip, bare, denude, divest, nude. They attired me for the coffin - three or four dark figures which flitted busily to and fro. As these crossed the direct line of my vision they affected me as forms; but upon passing to my side their images impressed me with the idea of shrieks, groans, and other dismal expressions of terror, of horror, or of wo. Edgar Poe -)Chiefly in the passive or in the reflexive: […] travel-stained though he was, he was well and even richly attired, and without being overdressed looked a gallant gentleman. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge The Captain being at length attired to his own complete satisfaction, and having glanced at himself from head to foot in a shaving- glass which he removed from a nail for that purpose, took up his knotted stick, and said he was ready. Charles Dickens… Dombey and So From his chain, hung a scutcheon; with metal and color, resplendent upon his breast, of the ancient arms of Islington. One so attired could be no mean person. William Gardiner… Music of Nature They were probably attired like Robin Hood's men, to whom, indeed, they are compared in the course of the play. Oscar Wilde… The Truth of Masks A young lady sat in one of the boxes; she was elegantly attired, and seemed to occupy the united attentions of many Frenchmen. Captain Marryat… Frank Mildmay [Julia] received a message from the marquis to attend him instantly. She obeyed, and he bade her prepare to receive the duke, who that morning purposed to visit the castle. He commanded her to attire herself richly, and to welcome him with smiles. Ann Radcliffe... A Sicilian Romance In Mr Toots's lodgings, Mr Toots attires himself as if he were at least the Bridegroom. Charles Dickens… Dombey and Son She then hastily attired herself for walking, and leaving word that she should return within a couple of hours, hurried away towards her uncle's house. Charles Dickens… Nicholas Nickleby -)-)With the preposition in (or with) before the word denotative of the attire: Girls of Basutoland, South Africa, are expected to attire themselves with rings of braided grass and cowhide, and white clay rubbed on their bodies and legs. These young girls are first instructed for a period of some weeks in the details of sexual intercourse. Floyd Martinson… Infant and Child Sexuality [The person] was long- visaged, and pale, with a red beard of above a fortnight's growth. He was attired in a brownish-black coat, which would have shewed more holes than it did, had not the linen, which appeared through it, been entirely of the same colour with the cloth. Henry Fielding… Amelia Her ladyship was attired in pink crape over bed-furniture, with a low body and short sleeves. Charles Dickens… Sketches by Boz He was attired, under his greatcoat, in a full suit of black Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge In an absolute phrenzy of wrath, I turned at once upon him who had thus interrupted me, and seized him violently by tile collar. He was attired, as I had expected, in a costume altogether similar to my own; wearing a Spanish cloak of blue velvet, begirt about the waist with a crimson belt sustaining a rapier. A mask of black silk entirely covered his face. Edgar Poe Mr Vanslyperken, attired in his full uniform, ordered his boat to be manned and pulled on board. Captain Marryat… Frank Mildmay From the same repository she brought forth a night-jacket, in which she also attired herself. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit Words derived from attire: attire (noun), attired, attiring _bandy_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: bændɪ. Third-person singular simple present: she/he bandies. Preterite tense, preterite participle: bandied. Present participle: bandying. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Maybe from Middle French bander (= to be tight, to bandy at tennis), which is derived from bande (= strip). Transitively: 1. To throw, strike or beat (a ball) to and fro, or from one player to another, as in the game of bandy and tennis; this is, to throw or strike it alternately; this is, to throw, or impel by hitting (a ball) to and fro between players. Translation: pelotear con o rebatir (una pelota), in Spanish; ribattere (una palla), in Italian; renvoyer (une balle), in French. […] a certain game of ball had been known, the playing of which consists in this –that two or more persons […] with bats, battledores, or racquets, bandied a ball from one to the other. American lawn tennis, vol. 1 […] the player had to bandy the ball to and fro […] Heiner Gillmeister… Tennis We should try to keep up conversation like a ball bandied to and fro from one to the other, rather than seize it all to ourselves. Mr. Town… The connoisseur, v. 4 The games chiefly practiced on the ice are bandy or hocky, as it is termed, foxand-hounds, tick, and prison-bays. The […] first is played with sticks and a ball. A side chosen, goals are fixed, and the ball bandied to and fro, like a foot-ball, until a goal is gained. The New sporting magazine, v. 14 When a nimble runner gets the ball in his cross, he sets off towards the goal with the utmost speed, and is followed by the rest, who endeavor to jostle him and shake it out; but, if hard pressed, he discharges it with a jerk, to be forwarded by his own party, or bandied back by their opponents […] The Percy anecdotes, vol. 1 and 2 -)Absolutely: to bandy a ball at tennis. 2. (Less properly) to toss (anything, someone) to and fro, or from one person to another, as if it were a ball. Some, […] were bandied to and fro by the jerks and rolls of the ship, without exerting any efforts to help themselves. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels […] you don't know what it is to get back home, after having been bandied from one hotel to another hotel, and from one lodging-house to another lodging- ho use. William ɒlack… Macleod of Dare -)With the adverb about, to strengthen the connotation of toss: Tom Paine was so wicked that he could not be buried; his bones were thrown into a box which was bandied about the world till it came to a button-manufacture r; and now Paine is travelling round the world in the form of buttons! Thomas Paine… The Writings… Do you suppose it is none to have me bandied about from bidder to bidder, and offered for sale to a gentleman who will not buy me? William Thackeray… The Newcomes Certificates were issued in the form of scrip calling for sections of the public domain of six hundred and forty acres each, and were current at from three to five cents an acre. The owner of one or more could locate on any of the unoccupied lands of the present State by merely surveying and recording his selection at the county seat. The scrip was bandied about, no one caring for it, and on the termination of my second month I was offered four sections for my services up to date, provided I would remain longer in the company's employ. Andy ɑdams… Reed Anthony 3. Metaphorically: to cause (a theme, name, subject, etc.) to be mentioned, or (something) to be named repeatedly and alternately, from one person to another, as if it were a ball. […] another pair of business terms that people have bandied back and forth for years: efficiency and effectiveness. Paul Tiffany – Steven Peterson… Business Plans… His name was bandied from mouth to mouth, and a thousand efforts were made to find out who and what he was. ɑrthur Doyle… The Doings of Raffles Haw […] the name of this lovely and modest girl was bandied about from one to another. Hannah ɛones… The gipsy mother […] the evil reports are simultaneously in the mouth of every one; are bandied from one to another, and bandied back from second to principal. James H. Knox… Norman Hamilton […] conjectures as to where she would live, and how she would live, and, above all, whom she would marry, were bandied about from one to the other. The New Monthly Magazine, edited by Harrison Ainsworth The awkwardness of the Delaware in his new attire caused his friend to smile more than once that day, but he carefully abstained from the use of any of those jokes which would have been bandied among white men on such an occasion, […]. James Cooper… The Deerslayer 3. Metaphorically: to do, commit, perform (something) in reciprocity with some one else. Synonyms: to reciprocate, exchange. The trembling sentinel now looked insolently in his face; the cowering legionar y, with whom "to hear was to obey," now mused or even bandied words upon his orders. Thomas de Quincey… The Caesars I have not come to bandy pleasant speeches, or hollow professions. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge After dinner the ladies gossiped of New York society, while the barbaric males smoked their big oily cigars and bandied reminiscences. Harry Wilson… The Spenders -)With the preposition with, before a noun or a pronoun designative of the reciprocator: […] I came not hither to bandy reproaches with you. Walter Scott… Ivanhoe 6. (Obsolete acceptation) to band; to cause (some one) to league. Intransitively: 1. (Of a ball bandied) to bound; to be bandied; to bound like a tennis ball. 2. (Archaic acceptation) to band; this is, to league; to ally oneself with some one else. Synonyms: to confederate, alliance. All the nobility of England bandied into parties, and adhered either to the one duke or the other. David Hume… The History of England While they staid at Barbadoes it was plainly discovered that not only the inhabitants there were against the general design, but that the seamen bandied against the land-men. Robert Venables… The experienced angler 3. (Obsolete acceptation) to antagonize; to be an oppose. Synonyms: to contend, strive. […] he was neither bandied against, or censured in the more private and seditious cabals, nor was his master publicly addressed to for his removal. Edmund Lodge… Portraits… Other English words derived from bandy: rebandy, bandy (noun), bandying, maybe bandy (adj.) _banter_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: bæntə(r). Etymology: of uncertain origin. It is doubtful whether the verb or the noun was the earlier. Third-person singular simple present: she (he, it) banters. Preterite tense, preterite participle: bantered. Present participle: bantering. Transitively: 1. To treat (a person) jocularly; this is, to address (some one) in such a manner as to expect in reaction either a smile or a laughter; to ridicule without intention of offending the banteree; to address a playful ridicule to (a person). Synonyms: to mock at (some one), quiz, chaff, rally, jeer. Translation: embromar, in Spanish; burlare, in Italian; plaisanter (quelqu’un), in French. It was an imperfect instrument, something between a flute and a clarionet, […]. An islander informed me that it was the only sort of musical instrument which the Northern tribes possessed, and that it was played upon by the young men only when they were _in love_. I suspected at first that he was bantering me, but I afterwards found that what he said was true. Frederick Marryat… Diary in America He was an inexperienced hunter and a poor shot, for which he was much bantered by his more adroit comrades. Washington Irving… Astoria -)Reciprocally: He was constantly surrounded on such occasions by buffoons selected, for the most part, from among the vilest pettifoggers who practised before him. These men bantered and abused each other for his entertainment. Thomas Macaulay… The history of England The other Cavaliers whooped and laughed in the […] jest, pushing and bantering each other as they hurried on in full pursuit of the rapidly retreating chase. George Melville… Holmby House […] the felicity and good humour with which they bantered one another […] George Tucker… The Valley of Shenandoah -)-)With the prepositions for, on or upon, immediately or mediately followed by its object (a noun, or a gerund) which is designative either of the cause or of the subject of the banter: Kitty bantered me a good deal on my silence throughout the remainder of the ride. Rudyard ɜipling… Indian Tales Others of Goldsmith's friends entertained similar ideas with respect to his fitness for the task, and they were apt now and then to banter him on the subject, and to amuse themselves with his easy credulity. Washington Irving… Oliver Goldsmith "Being with a party at Versailles, viewing the waterworks, a question [… followed] among the gentlemen present, whether the distance from whence they stood to one of the little islands was within the compass of a leap. Goldsmith maintained the affirmative; but, being bantered on the subject, and remembering his former prowess as a youth, attempted the leap, but, falling short, descended into the water, to the great amusement of the company." Washington Irving… Oliver Goldsmith […] encountering Mr Nadgett in the outer room, he bantered that stealthy gentleman on always appearing anxious to avoid him, and inquired if he were afraid of him. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit Lord Westbury, perceiving the involuntary coldness of his Cecilia towards this great favourite of his, banters me on being a miser of my mind, and hardly suffering any one to know the extent of my treasure. Sophia Lee… The life of a lover The person […] was a foreigner —a terrible-looking man; so much so, that all the servants bantered me on the bad countenance and shabbiness of appearance of my visiter. Marguerite Blessington… The Works… […] he dictated a letter, in which, evidently […] to conceal the full extent of his misfortune, he bantered her on having recently advised him to beware of cold. "You ought," said he, "rather to have warned me to beware of heat." Richard Davenport… Peril and suffering The cunning old Indian followed him to and fro, holding out a sea-otter skin to him at every turn, and pestering him to trade. Finding other means unavailing, he suddenly changed his tone, and began to jeer and banter him upon the mean prices he offered. This was too much for the patience of the captain, who was never remarkable for relishing a joke, especially when at his own expense. Turning suddenly upon his persecutor, he snatched the proffered otter-skin from his hands, rubbed it in his face […] Washington Irving… Astoria “I wish,” said Miss Trevannion to her friend, “that you would cease bantering me upon that subject.” William Scargill… Tales of a briefless barrister It may be inferred that at this time Chaucer had grown somewhat corpulent, as the host, who was ‛a large man,’ banters him upon having a waist as well shaped as his own. Geoffrey Chaucer… Poetical works… I soon reached the place of rendezvous, and was greeted by the merry voices of my companions, who were already seated on the coach which was to convey us to our place of destination. They bantered me upon my dilatoriness. Alfred Crowquill… A bundle of crowquills [My tutor] bantered me for supposing there could be only one man in the whole university worthy of being my friend. Robert Ward… Works None of my acquaintances knew what I was doing with my money, and often bantered me for not joining in their revels as I was wont. William Chambers… Chambers’s journal, vol. 24 The mother, on her way to bring Agnes to her sister, met the rest of the family returning to the house after having taken leave of Osborne. The two girls were weeping, for they looked upon him as already a brother; whilst William, in a good-humored tone, bantered them for the want of firmness. William Carleton… Jane Sinclair -) With the preposition about, before a noun or a gerund designative either of the cause or of the subject of the banter: Winston knew the man, and was about to urge the horse forward, but in place of it drew bridle, and laughed with a feeling that was wholly new to him as he remembered that his neighbors now and then bantered him about his English, and that Courthorne only used the Western colloquialism when it suited him. Harold Bindloss… Winston of the Prairie […] we bantered each other about our ages, each claiming to be older than the other. William Howells… Seven English Cities […] he saw me walking home with only some other boys and girls my own age, he quickly overtook us and began to banter me about my not having my bodyguard. Eldon Frye… Out of the Back Woods -) -)With the preposition with, and its object (a noun or a gerund designative of what is said jocularly): […] the very children in the streets bantered him with the title of “The ɑdelantado of the Seven Cities.” ɒentley’s miscellany, vol. 4 For some time after his return from Paris, he exhibited an unwonted degree of […] communicativeness, and we frequently bantered him with having become half a Frenchman. William Henry… Memoirs of… John Dalton -) Reflexively: Mr Dennis appeared to think it an uncommon circumstance, and to banter himself upon it. Charles Dickens (Barnaby Rudge) […] ɑdolpha, all crimson with shame, yet trying to banter herself, invited Meeta to walk with her in the garden till dinner. Anna Porter… The village of Mariendorpt The poet was fond of smoking his pipe, and banters himself as being no hero in cavalry. ɛohn Nichols… Literary history -) -)To banter (someone) out of: to dissuade (a person) from something by bantering him. […] he laughed in a merry [… manner], as if he were bantering her out of something. By-and-by, she laughed, and then all went well again. Jacob Abbott… Benjamin Franklin [Captain Everard is bantering:] “You have described me exactly,” said he, bowing; “your insight into character is wonderful; you ought to write fashionable and domestic novels.” But Edith was not to be bantered out of her severity. Menella Smedley… The maiden aunt Wrung as I was to the heart, I was ashamed of having it supposed that the loss of my hundred guineas in the least affected me. Belmont insisted that I should sup with him, and when I attempted to decline his invitation bantered me out of my refusal, by asking if I had parted with my hundred guineas to purchase the spleen. Thomas Holcroft… Hugh Trevor I bantered him out of this argument. John Frost… The panorama of nations Nothing could exceed the gaiety of the French soldiery: if they saw a young conscript sad […], he would soon be laughed and bantered out of his sadness. ɛohn Frost… Napoleon Bonaparte He consulted Bob Lee about it, and got only a bantering answer and a hint about the note of hand. Giles was not to be bantered out of his belief, but laid the case before sundry of his acquaintance, who were notorious for their credulity in all marvellous affairs. Thomas Haliburton… Traits of American humor, vol. I -) -)-)To banter (someone) into something: to persuade (a person) into something by bantering him: Even after a day of heavy toil at log-rolling, the young men and boys bantered one another into foot races, wrestling matches, shooting contests, and other feats of strength or skill. Frederic Ogg… The Old Northwest Golopin […] has great faith in his flute, and generally carries it about with him. ɑt Casserole’s restaurant in the Haymarket, one evening, having a violent dispute with ɜlitzer, […], who had bantered him into a state of frenzy, he positively struck that big instrumentalist in the face, though he had to jump at least a foot in the air to do so. George Sala… Gaslight and Daylight Your young female friends should never be allowed to tease or banter you into the betrayal of this secret. John Farrar… The young lady’s friend 2. To delude (someone) by bantering him. Now archaic. Miss Bertram was in the breakfast-parlour when Sampson shuffled in, his face all radiant with smiles--a circumstance so uncommon that Lucy's first idea was that somebody had been bantering him with an imposition. Walter Scott… Guy Mannering 3. To incite banteringly (a person) to do something. More usually, to incite to compete ludicrously for winning something (as, a bet, a race, etc.) Antonym: to dissuade. Synonym: to challenge. -)With the preposition for, mediately or inmediatedly followed by a noun designative of what is incited: I was thinking of walking out into the country, and bantering somebody for a foot-race. William Caruthers… The Kentuckian in New-York Shortly after leaving the Williams ranch next morning I met a crowd of Chickasaw indians who bantered me for a horse race. Charles Siringo… A Texas Cow Boy We were traveling through a thick, heavy wood, when we met a sewing- machine agent. I saw at once that he was driving an animal that exactly matched the one we brought from Chicago. I bantered him for a trade. He stopped, and after looking over the horse I had just bought, said he'd trade for seventy-five dollars. "I'll give you fifty dollars." J. Johnston… Twenty Years… […] they bantered us for horse races. I had eight of the horses brought back to the south side of the river, myself and two of my cowboys ran races with them all that afternoon. Marvin Hunter… The Trail Drivers of Texas […] when Reece's men came back after their winter drift during the beefgathering season, Bold Richard Larkin bantered the one who had left the cattle for a poker game, pitting the line-back three-year-old against a white poker cow then in the Pool pasture and belonging to the man from Black Bear. ɑndy ɑdams… Cattle Brands -)-)With an infinitive designative of what is incited: I feel his little […] hands over my eyes, and hear a child’s voice bantering me to guess his name. Daniel Hill… The Land we love When our boats started for shore, the divers followed us quite a distance, bantering us to throw coins into the water. Edgar Howe… The trip to the West Indies I began an immediate search for a buyer for my horses and carriage, but without success, till one day an old gentleman bantered me to trade the entire outfit for a yoke of oxen and a two-wheeled cart, and was somewhat surprised when I showed my readiness to "swap" for five hundred dollars to boot. J. P. Johnston… Twenty Years… Tuttle and Deweese rode together in the lead, and on nearing town one of the strangers bantered Pasquale to sell him a nice maguey rope which the vaquero carried. ɑndy ɑdams… A Texas Matchmaker Intransitively: to use a banter; to behave as a banterer. Synonyms: to joke, jest, pleasant. "Are you bantering, or are you in earnest?" cries the father, with a most solemn voice. Henry Fielding… The History of Tom Jones Their laughter was noisy, their banter of one another and of Winona was continuous, and Winona laughed, even bantered. That she should banter strangers in a public place! She felt rowdy, but liked it. Harry Wilson… The Wrong Twin During our walk Reginald was […] springing over every rail and gate we had to pass; skirmishing with every old cow; decapitating every towering thistle; laughing, bantering, joking, all the while: seeming to find it impossible, by any means, to exhaust his exuberant activity of body and mind. Anne Marsh-Caldwell… Mount Sorel All at once his pretty, pleasant hostess, with whom he had been glad enough to banter, and with whom even he had been ready to enter upon a mild and innocent flirtation, became horrible and hateful to him. H. Lovett Cameron... Vera Nevill -)With the preposition with + a noun of the person who reciprocates a joke, or of the banteree: Old Germans talked over their beer pots, and puffed at their pipes; young ones laughed and bantered with the servant girls. Francis Parkman… Vassall Morton Other English words derived from banter: banter (noun), banteree, banterer, bantering, banteringly, bantery. _bed_ Noun. Plural: beds. Pronunciation: b d. Etymology: from Old English bedd, bed. 1. An article of furniture to sleep, rest, play or behave erotically on, in solitude or in company, to do anything easily, or to work upon it, as porno actors and prostitutes do. It consists for the most part of a sack or mattress, stuffed with something soft or springy, raised generally upon a ‘bed-stead’ or support, and covered with sheets, blankets, etc. Synonym: couch. Translation: lit, in French; cama, in Spanish; letto, in Italian. He was propped up in the bed by pillows. Edgar Poe Again she was fucked on the bed. Walter… My Secret Life -)It occurs often in elliptical constructions in which bed is to be understood for “the situation or position of being in bed, sleeping in bed, etc.” -)-)To go to bed: (a) to go to use the bed, specially to sleep. (b) Euphemism, to fuck (with someone). I took pity on your tired servant and told him to go to bed, as he let me out. Oscar Wilde… Dorian Gray -) To make a bed: to order a bed after it has been used. (Spanish: hacer la cama; Italian: fare il letto and French: faire le lit). After breakfast my mother, who usually helped to make my bed and her own as well, called out to me. Walter… My Secret Life Your master's bed is made […] lock the chamber door. Jonathan Swift… The works… -) -)To make up a bed: to prepare sleeping accommodation not previously available. [He] made him up a bed of straw in the waggon, under the waggon-house. The Annual Register 1758 -) Prepositional phrases with BED: in, to, into, out of bed. I got out of bed and stood looking at her thighs and cunt. Walter… My Secret Life […] he had not retired to bed during the whole of the preceding night. Edgar Poe It was, especially, upon retiring to bed late in the night of the seventh or eighth day after the placing of the lady Madeline within the donjon, that I experienced the full power of such feelings. Edgar Poe I knew my victim's habit of reading in bed. Edgar Poe I'm going to get into bed. Walter… My Secret Life 2. Metaphorical use: the surface or something considered as a base on which anything is. In particular: a. A level or smooth piece of ground in a garden, usually somewhat raised, for the better cultivation of the plants. b. The bottom of a lake or sea, or of the channel of a river or stream. c. The surface of a stone or brick which is embedded in the mortar; the under side of a slate. d. A layer or bed-like mass; a stratum; a horizontal course. We are below the river's bed. Edgar Poe The margin of the river, and of the many dazzling rivulets that glided through devious ways into its channel, as well as the spaces that extended from the margins away down into the depths of the streams until they reached the bed of pebbles at the bottom. Edgar Poe Derivatives from BED: embed; bed (verb); bedding; beddable; bedder; bedful; bedgown; bed-post; bedside; bed-sitting-room; bedspread; bedridden, bedridden; bedstead; bedchamber, bed-clothes, bedfellow, bed-fellowship; bedroom, bedtime; abed. _beget_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: bɪg t. Etymology: from Middle English bigeten (= to get, beget), from AS. begitan (= to get), from be- + gitan. Preterite tense: begot. Preterite participle : begot, or begotten. Present participle: begetting. Transitively: 1. Obsolete acceptation: to get, to acquire (usually by effort). 2. (Of a male) to cause to exist (a child) by generation; to become the generator or the begetter of (a new being). Synonyms: to sire, father, engender. Translation: engendrer, in French; engendrar, in Spanish; generare, in Italian. -)With the preposition on, (or upon, of) + noun of the female who conceives the child : […] on whom he had begotten a son. George Chalmers… When men live in peace, they covet war, detesting quietness, deposing kings, […] murdering some men to beget children of their wives. Robert ɒurton… The Anatomy of Melancholy 3. Metaphorical use: It is not the boastful sentiment begotten of champagne, or the defiant courage of port. Charles Lever… One of them The wide circulation of the Magazine begets readers, and readers beget contributors. ɛohn Loudon… The magazine of natural history English words derived from the verb BEGET: begetter, begetting. _begrudge_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: bɪˈgrʌdʒ. Etymology: it is analysed into be- + GRUDGE. Preterite tense: begrudged. Preterite participle: begrudged. Present participle: begrudging. Transitively: to grumble at; to show discontent with. Particularly: a. To show dislike to the fact that someone possesses or enjoys (something); to manifest to be envious of. b. To give, concede, grant, etc., reluctantly or begrudgingly. Translation: se montrer mécontent de, in French; mostrarse descontento con, in Spanish; mostrarsi malcontento di, in Italian. He did not begrudge the expense. ɑnthony Trollope… Can You Forgive Her? At last in desperation, he conceived the idea of going to Europe. At first mother was going with him, but though he was well able to afford the additional expense he begrudged it, and, changing his mind, decided to go alone. Ridgwell Cullum… The Night Riders Lavish in his expenditure on occasions, Sir Giles was habitually so greedy and penurious, that he begrudged every tester he expended. William ɑinsworth… The Star-Chamber This romantic feeling referred to the fact that, many years before, when Basil made his first visit to Niagara, he had approached from the west by way of Buffalo; and Isabel, who tenderly begrudged his having existed before she knew him… William Howells… The March Family Trilogy -) With an infinitive: I should have thought no man with that sum in his possession would have begrudged to pay cabin fare for her. Hannah ɛones… Trials of Love -)-)With two objects, one of which corresponds to the indirect one: Alas! when the bees have made the honey, the apiarist comes and takes all away, begrudging the industrious insects even a morsel of the wax! George Reynolds… The mysteries of London Don't be perverse, Dave. Let me help you all I can. Don't begrudge me so small a happiness. Ridgwell Cullum… The Trail of the Axe With all his talk of economy, however, he is a bountiful provider and a hospitable housekeeper. His economy is of a whimsical kind, its chief object being to devise how he may afford to be extravagant; for he will begrudge himself a beefsteak and pint of port one day that he may roast an ox whole, broach a hogshead of ale, and treat all his neighbors on the next. Washington Irving… The Sketch Book… "That is happiness! Come, Jim! don't let us begrudge him that. But I've heard that his affairs have again prospered." ɒret Harte… The Three Partners ‘I am very glad that she is doing so well, papa. I am sure I shall not begrudge her her superiority.’ ɑnthony Trollope… The Last Chronicle of Barset It was unfair that she should amuse herself with Bertie and yet begrudge her new friend his licence of amusing himself with Bertie's sister. ɑnthony Trollope… Barchester Towers He never begrudged them their luck; he simply and sweetly admired them. William Howells… A Modern Instance Intransitively: (rarely used) to grumble; to show discontent; to be reluctant. His first impulse about everything was to refuse, contradict, begrudge. Life at High Tide… Harper's Novelettes English words derived from BEGRUDGE: begrudgingly, begrudged. _beguile_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: bɪgaɪl. Etymology: it is analysable into be- (intensive prefix) + GUILE (= deceit). Preterite tense: beguiled. Preterite participle: beguiled. Present participle: beguiling. Transitively: 1. To make (someone) the object of a guile; to cause (a person) to believe what is false, by means of words or otherwise. Synonyms: to delude, deceive, cheat, impose on, trick. Translation: ingannare, in Italian; engañar, in Spanish; tromper, in French. […] every day he greeted her with the same fond smile, and beguiled her with the same hopeful talk. Mary ɒraddon… Charlotte's Inheritance […] the wicked chief was enamoured of my mistress, and, I doubt not, beguiled her with feigned tales, saying that Queen Zalia was near her end. Sara Coleridge… Phantasmion The French emperor supposing that they merely wished to lull him into a false security, beguiled them with artful compliments. Samuel Maunder… The Treasury of History 2. To induce (any one) to do something, by guile. -)With an infinitive, to signify the action to which the deluded is induced: […] this is not a spot to be alone with a youth of this graceless fellow's nature; even though he may have beguiled you to love him dearly. Pierce Egan… Paul Jones I have two — nay, three good reasons for going: first, that a beautiful young lady has already beguiled me to stay longer than I should; secondly, that a pleasant old gentleman might beguile me to stay still longer. George Payne… Leonora d'Orco "In olden and ancient times the Laird of Clyth went over to Denmark, and, being at the court of Elsineur, counterfeited, by the help of a handsome person, and a fine elocution, the style and renown of the most prosperous gentleman in all Caithness, by which he beguiled a Prince of Copenhagen to give him his daughter in marriage. ɛohn Galt… The Entail -)-)With the preposition into, followed by a noun or gerund, which stand for the result: […] you must not beguile me into neglecting my duties. ɛane Mackenzie… Private Life [The counsellor] was trying to beguile her into criminating herself, for the sake of employing her evidence against the luckless admiral. ɑgnes Strickland… Queens of England […] his voice [… become] really kind, for he wished to beguile her into goodhumour, and he mumbled the last words with his lips touching her cheek. ɛohn ɒanim… The Denounced I beguiled her into talk. Elizabeth Gaskell… The accursed race [I] first beguiled her into mounting her pony one beautiful morning, to ride over the fields with Gerald, Miss Peterson, and me by her side. Sarah Ellis… Pictures… -) With the prepositions to or into, followed by the noun of the place where someone is enticed: From the dance, he beguiled her to the garden, and she was pleased to be so beguiled. William Simms… Katharine Walton Helen did not suspect the secret purpose for which Mr. Mortimer had beguiled her to the Rectory. ɛane Mackenzie… Private Life It was into the reticulations of one of these nets that our talkative guide beguiled us. ɛoseph ɒullar… A Winter in the Azores 3. To dispossess (someone) of something by guile or by means of a trick. Synonyms: bereave, deprive, cheat out of. -)With of or out of, followed by the noun of the thing trickily obtained: […] the plan of beguiling him of his money. Mary Griffith… Camperdown […] the woman was exceeding angry, because the Fryer had subtilly beguiled her of her meat. The Monthly Mirror, vol. 16 Supposing, very honestly, that a soldier was a likely person to inform him where he could most advantageously procure the article, he accosted one in the street, who conducted him to his own quarters, and there, having beguiled him out of five dollars on pretence of selling him a gun and equipments, set up a hue and cry, that there was a rebel purchasing king's arms of a king's soldier. Caleb Snow… A History of Boston -)-)Hence, metaphorically: to induce (someone) to something by means of a trick, as if by cheating out of it: […] Evelyn has linked herself to me, insensibly beguiled me of my love, and made me forget my own desolateness. ɑnna Mowatt… Evelyn […] we should rejoice if we could even beguile them of a smile. Edward Hook… Cousin Geoffrey How often on summer evenings, when he lay sick in the little chamber of the woodland grange, had she unclosed the casement to admit the fragrant breeze, and bid him listen to the vespers of the birds, and playfully endeavoured to beguile him of a smile, by imitating with her sweet voice their mellow notes behind his curtain. The Lady's magazine 4. To cause (somebody) to be heedless of something unpleasant or unsuitable, by means of a trick. Synonym: to divert. -)With the preposition from, or of + noun of what is unpleasant: Though I had long won these facts from Billy, I had never known him to play his game so openly before. But when I mentioned the thing to Solon, thinking to beguile him from his trouble, I found him more interested than I had thought he could be; for Solon knew Billy as well as I did. Harry Wilson… The Boss of Little Arcady Betha beguiled him from his usual sad pensiveness, to take an interest in the various employments exhibited in rural life. Jane Porter, Anna Porter... Coming out I sat and listened as long as I could to the efforts my companion made to beguile me of my uneasiness. Mrs. Farren… Boston Common [The buzzard hawks] never could be approached within reach of a gun, or induced into a trap […]. To beguile them of their suspicions, I used to leave the most tempting baits about the woods and fields, to try to get them to take a dead quarry, and disabuse them of suspicion. ɛohn Carleton… The Sporting review Still her child beguiled her of her grief. Godey's Magazine, Volume 12 He had, originally, purposed visiting Mr. Tyrold before he set out, and conversing with him upon the state of danger in which he thought his daughter; but his tenderness for her feelings, during his last adieu, had beguiled him of this plan, lest it should prove painful, injurious, or inauspicious to her own views or designs in breaking to her friends their breach. Fanny ɒurney… Camilla 5. To cause (someone) not to be bored, by means of a funny trick. Hence, (metaphorically) to cause (something) not to be tedious, as if by a trick. Synonyms: to while away, amuse. The long train was slackening speed and two whistles rang shrilly through the roar of wheels when Miss Barrington laid down the book with which she had beguiled her journey of fifteen hundred miles, and rose from her seat in a corner of the big first-class car. Harold ɒindloss… Winston of the Prairie Beside the provisions lay the flute, whose notes had lately been […] by the lonely watcher to beguile a tedious hour. Thomas Hardy… Far from the Madding Crowd… We got under way with, and for many days, without any other incident to beguile the monotony of our course than the occasional meeting with some of the small grabs of the Archipelago to which we were bound. Edgar Poe Intransitively: to practice a beguilement; use a wile. Words derived from GUILE: beguilement, beguiler, beguiling, beguilingly, beguileful, beguiled, guileful, guilefully, guilefulness, guileless, guile lessly, guilessness, unguileful. _behalf_ Noun. Plural: behalves (obsolete). Pronunciation and accent: bɪh ːf. Etymology: from Middle English, from be (= by) + HALF (= side). Definition: side; part, interest, defense, respect; -used only in prepositional phrases: 1. On behalf of: a. Obsolete and pristine value: On the side of. b. On the part of (another); as the agent of; for; instead of. (Implying that the action is done in name of some other person or persons). c. With regard or respect to (someone or something); as concerns. His wife disputed him on behalf of her sex, as women always do. "No, Dolly," he persisted; "she'd better be home milking the cows and leading the horse to water." William Howells… The March Family He says if he was boss of this town he would seize the roads on behalf of the people. William Howells… The March Family It was impossible to act without the consent and concurrence of the prince on whose behalf the war was undertaken. Philip Stanhope… Succession in Spain My pocketbook is empty and needs filling, and when that's done I'll get back to my school children, on whose behalf I am out hunting. Ridgwell Cullum… The Trail of the Axe -)Construed with a possessive pronoun: […] it must be acknowledged on her behalf that she did enjoy that protection… ɑnthony Trollope… The Last Chronicle of Barset And, furthermore, she shall never lack a friend, ready to act on her behalf, while I am in the country. Ridgwell Cullum… The Night Riders -)-)Construed with a possessive case: […] always watchful on the child's behalf. Charles Dickens… Household Words 2. In behalf of: a. Obsolete: in the name of. b. In the interest, or support of; for the benefit of; for; as a defender of. Ellen expressed the deepest gratitude to her friend for the kind interest thus manifested in behalf of herself and her husband. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London Miss Bellenden alone ventured to say any thing in behalf of the accused, but her countenance did not profit them as it might have done on any other occasion. Walter Scott… Old Mortality […] while Phineas Banning, at his own expense, made trips to Washington in behalf of the project. Harris Newmark… Sixty Years in Southern California She had interfered in behalf of Oliver. Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist The crowd accordingly drew aside, and the individual, in whose behalf the movement had been made immediately stepped forward. William ɑinsworth… Jack Sheppard […] to the usefulness of the excellent Institution in whose behalf we are assembled. Charles Dickens… Speeches -)Construed with a possessive pronoun: Much sympathy was now exercised in my behalf — and as no one in the city appeared to identify my body, it was ordered that I should be interred in the public sepulchre early in the following morning. Edhar Poe -)-)Construed with a possessive case: She has exerted herself so warmly in the child's behalf from the first, […] that it would really be agreeable to me to notice her. Charles Dickens… Dombey and son 3. In this behalf or in that behalf: (archaic) in respect of, in regard to, in reference to this or that. By comparing dates, I ascertained that he would be in time to meet the mortgage sale, and felt no further concern in that behalf. ɛames Cooper… Miles Wallingford I may yet do some good in this behalf before I die. I must marry soon, if ever. William Simms… Katharine Walton _behove_ or _behoove_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: bɪhuːv, or bɪhəʊv. Etymology: from Old English behofian (= to need), derived of behof (= behoof). Literally: ‘to be of behoof or use.’ Third-person singular simple present: she/he behoves (behooves). Preterite tense, preterite participle: behoved (behooved). Present participle: behoving (behooving). Transitively: 1. To be in want of; to have need of (something); --it is obsolete. 2. (The subject being a clause; and the object, a person or another animal) to be on behoof of (someone); to be for the behoof of; to be advantageous, or profitable for (some one). Hence, to be necessary or advisable, as being profitable. Postdefinition: the impersonal pronoun it is used as a anticipatory subject of the clause, and pursuantly to this practice, the construction becomes quasi-impersonal. Translation: il faut (faire quelque chose), car il est profitable, in French; yo tengo (tú tienes, ella tiene, etc.) que hacer cierta cosa, porque es provechosa, in Spanish; io ho (tu hai, etc.) da fare (qualcosa), per essere utile, in Italian. Synthetic antonym: it is shunnable (to do). In places the slope was almost precipitous, and it behooved him to be careful of the horses, which could not be replaced. Harold Bindloss… Winston of the Prairie […] as Endicott glanced right and left along the front, he discovered a personage at some little distance with whom it behooved him to hold a parley. Nathaniel Hawthorne… from Twice Told Tales Our debts, I grant, are very great, and therefore it the more behoves you, as a young man of principle and honour, to pay them off as speedily as possible. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge […] the herd is heading a little this-a-way, and it behoves us to make ready for their visit. J. Fenimore Cooper… The Prairie I tell thee, lady, it behooves me much to know this secret. William Simms… Southward Ho […] the harshness, and selfishness of my nature, my vanity, […] my pride and ambition, were for a time concealed from him whom it most behooved to know them. Mary Sherwood… The lady of the manor It was a circumstance […] unusual in such a place and hour; and, in our situatio n, it behoved us to proceed with some timidity. Robert Stevenson… The Master of Ballantrae […] Sandy would not leave the horses till they were carefully rubbed down, blanketed, and fed, for he was entered for the four- horse race and it behoved him to do his best to win. Ralph Connor… Black Rock These may be deemed the chief principles of the art of painting, which it behoves the student indispensably to acquire not only the knowledge but likewise the practice of. Dictionary of the fine arts -)The subject may be a clause introduced by the conjunction that: […] it behoveth us that we arm ourselves, and demand of the Infantes what they have done with our ladies. Robert Southey… Chronicle of the Cid -)-)The personal object may be omitted: In those days arose Rodrigo of Bivar, who was a youth strong in arms and of good customs; and the people rejoiced in him, for he bestirred himself to protect the land from the Moors. Now it behoves that ye should know whence he came, and from what men he was descended, because we have to proceed with his history. Robert Southey… Chronicle of the Cid It behoves that these stories be written in letters of liquid gold. Richard ɒurton… Thousand Nights and a Night 3. (The subject is a person) to be in duty (to do something reputed as useful); --used only in Scotland So that I behooved to come by some clothes of my own, and in the meanwhile to walk by the porter’s side, and put my hand on his arm as though we were a pair of friends. Robert Stevenson… Catriona Other English words derived from BEHOOF: unbehoving, behoveful, behooveful, behoving. _beset_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: bɪs t. Etymology: from Old English besettan, analysed into be- (prefix for “around”, “on all sides”) + settan (= to set). Preterite tense: beset. Preterite participle: beset. Present participle: beseting. 1. To set (a thing) about with ornaments; to surround with accessories; --it is rarely found and only in preterite participle. Synonym: to stud. Translation: entourer, in French; rodear, in Spanish; circondare, in Italian. Though his cloaths were exceeding costly, and beset with jewels and precious stones, yet he is said never to have worn one suit twice, nor ever put on again a ring which he had once used. The Historical Magazine, vol. 2 He had on a gold crown, and a gold-flowered gown, richly beset with jewels. The New Monthly Magazine 2. (The subject being plural: besetters) to set upon (a person or another animal) on all sides. Synonyms: to assail by stationing themselves round; to surround hostilely or annoyingly. He broke through the band by whom he was beset, slaying two, and wounding several, and escaped safe to his Castle of Crichton. Walter Scott… Essay on Border Antiquities Constantly, on our way, we were beset by men, who wanted to guide us and act as intermediaries in trade. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world -)Metaphorically: the subject being something incorporeal: When I mention his weakness I have allusion to a bizarre old-womanish superstition which beset him. Edgar Poe […] something of unsubstantiality and uncertainty had beset my hopes. Charlotte ɒronte… Jane Eyre […] she had not a particle of the pride that beset her mother. William ɑinsworth… Mervyn Clitheroe In that pretty room she made a charming picture, which for a moment almost made me forget the manifold dangers besetting me. Valentine Williams… The Man with the Clubfoot But the subject is beset with difficulties which, in our present ignorance respecting the ancient local charters of Spain, can never be removed. Samuel Dunham… Europe During the Middle Ages […] the ice formed rapidly on the deck, and covered the rigging, so much as to render it difficult to work either the brig or schooner; dangers beset us in every direction. Charles Wilkes… The United States Even by daylight our way was beset by difficulties. Captain Hamilton… Men and manners in America 3. (The subject being plural: besetters) to lay siege to (a public place); surround (a town) with armed forces in order to capture it, or so as to compel surrender. Synonyms: to besiege, beleaguer. […] this rude host of natives of the mountains and the woods appeared in the vicinity of Dumbarton, besetting the town. ɛohn Glen… Castle of Dumbarton 4. To occupy or block (a road, gate, or passage), so as to prevent any one from passing, or so as to surprise him. Two months afterwards, they beset her house with a guard, to prevent her from receiving any succour from friends or servants. Robert Chambers… Domestic annals […] the soldiers having beset all the ways so that no person could pass without much peril. ɛohn Clayton… Personal memoirs… I am but one man, and we must pass through these mountains that are beset with enemies. ɑnna ɒray… The Talba […] a land thickly beset with treacherous, lurking foes and armed bands of outlying savages. Isaac Scribner… Laconia Almost immediately after this victory, Don Lorenzo received notice that the fort of Anchediva was beset by 60 vessels belonging to the Moors and Malabars, well armed and manned with a number of resolute men under the command of a renegado. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels 5. (The subject being plural, but impersonal) to surround annoyingly (something or someone); to stand, lie, or be situated dangerously around. The African coast from Morocco to the Senegal is singularly perilous, beset with numerous sandbanks, and without either port or shelter. Robert ɛameson… Narrative of… Africa His ship, beset by ice, and sorely wounded, remained fixed and immovable for two years. Willis ɑbbot… American Merchant Ships… Words derived from beset: besetment, besetter, besetting. _bestride_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: bɪstraɪd. Third-person singular simple present: she/he bestrides. Preterite tense: bestrode (or, rarely, bestrid). Preterite participle : bestridden (or, rarely, bestrid, bestrode). Present participle: bestriding. Etymology: from Old English bestrīden, from be- + strīden (= to stride) Transitively: 1. to sit upon (an animated being) with the legs astride; to sit astride of (something). Synonyms: to stride, straddle, overstride. Translation: ahorcajarse sobre (alguien, algo), in Spanish; s’asseoir à califourchon sur (une chose, quelqu’un), enfourcher (un cheval), in French; inforcare, in Italian. […] he bestrode a goodly steed, well conditioned and well caparisoned, while his companion rode beside him upon a humble hack, poorly accoutred… Washington Irving… Conquest of Granada Full twenty times, the rioters, headed by one man who […] bestrode a brewer's horse of great size and strength, caparisoned with fetters taken out of Newgate, which clanked and jingled as he went, made an attempt to force a passage at this point, and fire the vintner's house. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge […] Asinus himself galloped into view, at no great distance, urged to the unnatura l gait by the impatient and brutal Weucha, who bestrode him. ɛ. Fenimore Cooper… The Prairie [Frederick] was never to be seen beyond the limits of his own domain, and, in this wide and social world, was utterly companionless - unless, indeed, that unnatura l, impetuous, and fiery-colored horse, which he henceforward continually bestrode, had any mysterious right to the title of his friend. Edgar Poe Even now I seem to see the group of fishermen, with that old salt in the midst. One fellow sits on the counter, a second bestrides an oil- barrel, a third lolls at his length on a parcel of new cod-lines […]. Nathaniel Hawthorne… The Village Uncle […] a piece of timber which I bestrided, and the waves tossed me to and fro till they cast me upon an island coast, a high land and an uninhabited. Richard ɒurton… The Thousand Nights and a Night -)Metaphorically: (the subject: an unanimated being) to be upon (something) with its extensions as if astride. [Michael] turned upon him a countenance somewhat flushed, […], and bestridden by the spectacles. Robert Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne… The Wrong Box 2. To stand over (a place) with the legs astride; to stand astride of. Synonyms: to stride, straddle, bestraddle. 3. Rare acceptation: to stand over (an animated being) with the legs astride, in the manner of a vanquisher over a vanquished. 4. Rare acceptation: to stride (a street, etc.); this is, to walk with strides or long steps A huge misshapen hobgoblin used to bestride the house every evening with an immense pair of jack-boots Washington Irving… Oliver Goldsmith Other English words derived from BESTRIDE: bestrider, bestriding. Other English words linked to the etymology of bestride: astride, stride (noun, verb), strider, striding, stridingly, outstride, overstride. _blame_ Verb. Pronunciation: bleɪm. Etymology: from Old French blasmer (= blame), from Latin blasphemare (= to blaspheme), from Greek blasphemein (= to speak ill of, blaspheme), from blasphemos (= evil-speaking), from blas- + -phemos, from phanai (= to say). The Italian biasimare, and the French blâmer are from the same origin. Preterite tense: blamed (pronunciation: bleɪmd). Preterite participle : blamed. Present participle: blaming. Transitively: 1. To express blame or disapprobation of (an action, a person for his action or for his fault). Synonyms: to censure, reproach. Antonyms: to praise, laud, extol, commend, eulogize, magnify. Translation: blâmer, in French; reprochar, in Spanish; biasimare, in Italian. They wondered at my temerity, and probably blamed it; but there was no time for discussion, and we separated. Frances ɒurney… Madame D'Arblay Many persons blamed the conduct of Pitt on this occasion as disrespectful to the King. Thomas Macaulay… Critical and Historical Essays -)With the preposition for, followed by its object (a noun, or a gerund), by which the cause of disapprobation designated: I could hardly blame Jupiter for his opinion. Edgar Poe So he rode slowly and thought of many things he might have done which would have been better than what he did do; and wondered what the girl thought about it and if she blamed him for not doing something different. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Long Shadow Clara, naturally much distressed and annoyed by this information, blamed him for not having spoken to her sooner. Frank Smedley… Frank Fairlegh Those good friends of mine who have done me the honor of looking at my attempts had blamed me for the uselessness of my inventions. William Howells… A Foregone Conclusion 2. To attribute a fault or disapprovable action to (someone or something), with words of disapprobation; to designate as deserving demerit for; --this acceptation is confusable with the preceding one. Translation: blâmer, in French; culpar, in Spanish; incolpare, in Italian. He blamed the sun for the flies. Ridgwell Cullum… The Forfeit […] some blamed the ship, others the captain; but nobody thought of blaming the weather. ɑlexander Mackay… The Western World She was not sorry to leave the shepherd's cottage, for she felt certain of soon finding her way back to her father and mother; and she would, indeed, have set out long before, but that her foot had somehow got hurt […], and she had never since been able for long walks, which she sometimes blamed as the cause of her temper [… becoming] worse. George MacDonald… A Double Story My grave sisters received me very coldly, and severely blamed me for the money which my father paid for my pranks. Charles Whitehead… Lives and exploits… Louis kept his promise of vengeance against Cardinal La Balue, whom he always blamed as having betrayed him to Burgundy. Walter Scott… Quentin Durward -)Reflexively: She blamed herself for having ever felt dislike to Miss Clermont. Charlotte ɒury… Love -)-) To blame: to be blamed; deserving blame; in fault; --used as the predicate after “be” or after its like. So the princess is not to be blamed that she was very much frightened. George MacDonald… A Double Story I have perhaps been to blame in delaying so long to announce my name and business. ɛames Hall… Harpe's Head I also am to blame in this occurrence. William ɒennet… Malpas […] the dogs were not so much to blame in mistaking his game flavour. ɛohn Lockhart… Life of Walter Scott I am aware that by many I shall be held to blame for speaking in a manner so cursory of a transaction so impalpable. Edgar Poe "My opinion is (since you ask it) that you are greatly to blame for playing pranks upon a man like Mr. Boldwood, merely as a pastime. Thomas Hardy… Far from the Madding Crowd 3. To attribute (a fault or disapprovable action) to something or someone. -)With the preposition on, + noun (someone or something to blame): Sprague privately blamed the delayed rescue effort on the commander of the Seventh Fleet, Admiral Kinkaid. ɛames Hornfischer… The Last Stand In his customary birthday letter to the King, Logue blamed the dramatic turn of events on a delayed reaction to an incident when his son was serving in North Africa and was unconscious for four days after getting too close to an explosion. Mark Logue… The king’s Speech Other English words derived from th verb BLAME: blameable, blamable, blamableness, blameableness, blamably, blameably, blameful, blamefully, blamefulness, blameless, blamelessly, blamelessness, blamer, blameworthy, blameworthiness, blaming, blamingly, unblameable, unblamable, unblameableness, unblamableness, unblameably, unblamably, unblamed. _blend_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: bl nd. Etymology: from Middle English blenden. Preterite tense: blended, or blent. Preterite participle : blended, or blent. Present participle: blending. Transitively: 1. To mix (two or more substances or one thing with another) so that they become united or make a new substance. Particularly in cookery: to mix in (a component). 2. (The subject: somebody or something) to cause (two or more different unmaterial things, as qualities, effects, etc., or one with another) to seem or become one or united; to render confused; to combine the qualities or effects of two factual things so that they become indistinguishable. Synonyms: to unite, mingle. Translation: mélanger, in French; mezclar, in Spanish; unire, in Italian. […] he blended his mirth and his earnest so dexterously, that it was impossible for Nigel to discover how far he was serious in his propositions… Walter Scott… The Fortunes of Nigel He saluted me with an air of profound respect, slightly blended with a fatherly and patronizing admiration, wrought in him, no doubt, by my appearance of extreme youth and inexperience. Edgar Poe A gentle expression about the mouth is blended with severity and melancholy in the upper portion of the face. The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft In treating his subject he blended his serious remarks with so much wit and humour, that his treatise drew very general attention. John ɑikin… General biography Heavy rain was beating upon the glass, and a high wind blended its bluster with the cheerless sound. George Gissing… Born in Exile The Danes, after many unsuccessful attempts, subjected a great part of the country to their power, and blended their language with the language of the Saxons; but their language and that of the Saxons, being only different dialects of the same original tongue, mingled without discord, and in a short time were not to be distinguished. William Banks… The English Master The conquerors and the conquered living together, their respective dialects would necessarily be so blended, as to produce a language different from that of either. William ɒanks… The English Master Most of their dark forms were soon blended with the brown covering of the prairie. ɛames Cooper… The Prairie “Enough, enough, Frank,” said Talbot, with a face in which conscious innocence and manly fortitude were blended. Frederick Marryat… Frank Mildmay Intransitively: 1. (Of two or more unmaterial things) to become so united or confounded as to be indistinguishable. Synonyms: to mix, mingle, commingle, merge, combine. Antonyms: to separate. […] where thousands of voices blended together in rude harmony. William Prescott… Philip the Second The moon rose higher, brighter, and a grotesque black shadow galloped over the snow beside him. He turned his head sharply to the other side and watched the sweep of white hills which reached back in range after range until they blended with the shadows of night. Max ɒrand… Riders of the Silences The trees, the mountain, the old headstone, the man--they blended into a whole. Max ɒrand… Trailing! The distant peaks gradually blended with the white atmosphere above them and lost their definition. ɛohn Tyndall… The Glaciers of the Alps 2. Particularly: (of two or more things) to cause a harmonious effect, as if they were united. Beyond are the blue hills, dotted with villas and casinos, a shade fainter in colour than their neighbour the sky, with which they blend in one sweet harmonious whole under the mellowing influence of the bright sunshine. The New Monthly Magazine, vol. 99 Words derived from the verb BLEND: blender, blending, unblended, unblendable. _blunder_ Verb. Pronunciation: blʌndə(r). Etymology: of uncertain origin. In Middle English, it was blondren (= to stir, confuse). Samuel Johnson conjectured that it was derived from BLIND. Third-person singular simple present: she (he) blunders. Preterite tense, preterite participle: blundered. Present participle: blundering. Intransitively: 1. (The subject being an animated being) a. To locomote (move from a place to another by walking, flying, crawling, etc.), clumsily, unsteadly, or stupidly, either from the lack of illumination, or from a visual disability or impotence. Hence: b. To locomote clumsily, unsteadly, or stupidly, either from fatigue or from other non-visua l causes (overweigh, drunkenness, impediment, etc.). Synonyms: to flounder, stumble. Translation: tropezar, in Spanish; inciampare, in Italian; buter, in French. The travellers continued, for many days, to experience great difficulties and discomforts from this wide conflagration, […]. The sun was for a great part of the time obscured by the smoke, and the loftiest mountains were hidden from view. Blundering along in this region of mist and uncertainty, they were frequently obliged to make long circuits, to avoid obstacles which they could not perceive until close upon them. Washington Irving… Captain Bonneville […] obstacles to their progress occurred in the shape of strong doors, party-walls, and iron-grates —so that the party blundered on in the dark, uncertain whether they were not going farther from, rather than approaching, the extremity of the labyrinth. Walter Scott… Woodstock […] the men who drove them could scarcely escape the troopers who waited them, if they blundered on through the darkness of the bush. Harold Bindloss… Winston of the Prairie ɑn officer […] passed me yelling out these words of woe. "Save yourselves! Save yourselves! You are betrayed!" cried another. "Save yourselves! Save yourselves!" Men were rushing madly to the rear, blundering and jumping like frightened sheep. Conan Doyle… The Adventures of Gerard Seaforth's limbs were too stiff to be much use to him yet, and he blundered amidst the boulders, falling over one or two, before he reached the shingle where they had partly drawn out the canoe. Harold ɒindloss… Alton of Somasco The masquerader, whose ambition it will be to simulate the barbarous fantasticalities of the Sasquesahanocks, need not blunder in his costume. William Simms… Captain John Smith He felt something thrusting against him. He was being pushed along the gallery. Someone was shouting--it might be at him. He was too confused to hear. He was thrust against the wall, and a number of people blundered past him. It seemed to him that his guards were struggling with one another. Herbert Wells… The Sleeper Awakes […] I ducked at once under water, and, holding my breath until movement was an agony, blundered painfully ahead under the surface as long as I could. Herbert Wells… The War of the Worlds Let me help, darling. We can hold each other very tight and try to walk straight. We shall blunder horribly, but it will be better than stumbling apart. Rudyard ɜipling… The Light That Failed […] ɛo went blundering away to the dining room, which she found after going into a china closet, and opening the door of a room where old Mr. Gardiner was taking a little private refreshment. Louisa ɑlcott… Little Women The tired horses blundered heavily along the stony streets, and crossed more than one bridge. Mary ɒraddon… London Pride They knew the way home, and after I had blundered about in search of them through the lampshot darkness, I settled myself to walk back at my leisure, comfortably sure that I should find them on the verandah waiting for me when I reached the hotel. William Howells… An Open-Eyed Conspiracy Most ridiculous of all was the condition of one old fellow, who had found a calabash containing palm wine, and, eagerly drinking it, was immediately fitted with a mask, for the shell stuck to his forehead and whiskers, of course covering his eyes; and he blundered about, cutting the wildest capers in his efforts to get rid of the encumbrance. Jean Wyss… The Swiss Family Robinson -)With the preposition against, before a noun designative of the obstacle: His foot blundered against something soft, he heard a hoarse scream under foot. Herbert Wells… The Sleeper Awakes She looked at me, shook off a bee that had blundered against her apron, and looked at me again. Arthur Quiller-Couch… The Delectable Duchy The tongue of the bell had rung its last alarm, when a hot and hasty traveller, encumbered by a cloak and carpet-bag, sprang from the wharf to the deck of the Spitfire, and in so doing blundered against a gentleman who was standing near the gangway. Married by Mistake, in American Monthly Magazine, vol. IX A bat, more blinded than Ruth herself by the glaring picture which had suddenly come out of the blank darkness, flew low, and blundered against her face. Harriet Martineau… The parish […] Towser blundered against the leg of the table so that it almost tumbled over; and a terrible clatter followed among the cups. ɛohn ɑmory… The Young Rover […] an owl blundered against the stone-work of the window at the end of the passage, and startled me. The Living age, vol. 36 Turning the corner I blundered against Sir Doomsday. The concussion was violent, the baronet stumbled into the gutter. John Motley… Morton’s Hope On and on we went, in wearisome darkness and in seemingly interminable space; half-asleep and stumbling, our men blundered against each other. John Stepney… Leaves from the diary… The bees had been so thirsty that they had drank too much red clover wine, for they blundered against each other, and staggered and tumbled about with aimless indecision of place and purpose, and evidently did not know a corncockel from a dandelion. Oddfellow’s magazine, vol. 2 -)-)With the preposition on, or upon, before a noun designative of either the obstacle or the place accidentally trodden: They soon came upon the enemy's advanced guard, a battalion encamped behind a log breastwork. The French set fire to their camp, and retreated. The columns kept their form, and pressed forward, but, through ignorance of their guides, became bewildered in a dense forest, […], and blundered upon each other. Washington Irving… George Washington […] that young fellow that blundered on my brig in the dark. ɛoseph Conrad… The Rescue I avoided the Middletons as much as possible, as well as everybody else who was likely to prove an acquaintance in common. Not aware of their being in town, however, I blundered on Sir John, I believe, the first day of his coming, and the day after I had called at Mrs. Jennings's. Jane ɑusten… Sense and Sensibility Leaving this tremendous scene, I dismissed the guide; and attempting to penetrate further among the mountains lost my way, in passing a straggling wood; a circumstance which would not have proved agreeable, had I not accidentally blundered on a spot […] ɑrthur Young… A six months tour… Evidently the driver, whoever he was, well knew what he was about, and had not blundered upon this place by accident. Rex ɒeach… Heart of the Sunset Tiptoeing cautiously forward behind their leader, the other two lads perceived that they had blundered upon a spot in which several horses had been left unguarded by the search parties, while they pushed their way on foot through the impenetrable brush. Fremont Deering… The Border Boys… We shall certainly be pursued, and although our foes cannot see us well in the dark, some out of their number are likely to blunder upon us. Joseph Altsheler… The Masters of the Peaks The whole series of primitive discoveries upon this continent were accidental. The discoverers were in pursuit of a shorter route to the Indies, and blundered upon this fair region that lay in their way. Orsamus Turner… Pioneer history… -) With the preposition into, before a noun designative of either the obstacle or the place accidentally trodden: I had a vague idea of going on to my own house, and that was as much motive as I had. I staggered through the trees, fell into a ditch and bruised my knees against a plank, and finally splashed out into the lane […]. I say splashed, for the storm water was sweeping the sand down the hill in a muddy torrent. There in the darkness a man blundered into me and sent me reeling back. Herbert Wells… The War of the Worlds […] the man was in their way as a wasp that has blundered into an ants' nest; and, while frightened at the size of the intruder, these honest ants were resolved to get him out of their citadel alive or dead. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… What Will He Do With It He ran, stumbling because of the uncertainty of the darkness, blundered into his guards as they turned to run with him. Haste was his one desire, to escape this perilous gallery upon which he was exposed. Herbert Wells… The Sleeper Awakes […] someone, coming, it may be, in a transverse direction, blundered violently into him. He was hurling down a staircase in absolute darkness. He reeled, and was struck again, and came against a wall with his hands. Herbert Wells… The Sleeper Awakes The furniture was unfamiliar; the room, too, had an altered look; a young clerk — a stranger— was at the desk! I uttered an exclamation, apologetic in its character, for I thought, at first, I had blundered into the wrong office. Harper’s new monthly magazine, vol. 12 Hastily applying a match, Jack soon had the rocky chamber lighted, and they could now survey the place into which they had blundered, at their ease. Fremont Deering… The Border Boys… In the darkness the sergeants shouted and the men cursed as they blundered into each other trying to dress the lines by the right. Don Bannister… Long day at Shiloh […] some of the spring birds that had already blundered north into our neighbourhood. Robert Stevenson… The Master of Ballantrae -) -)With the preposition over, before a noun designative of either the obstacle or the thing over which one is fallen: The housemaid was the only being stirring in the morning when little Mr. Binnie blundered over her pail as she was washing the deck. William Thackeray… The New Comes 2. Metaphorical phrasal uses: (by analogy with the preceding ones): a. To blunder into: to chance to be in a state, action, process, circumstance; this is, to come to be accidentally in something factual or circumstantial, as if in consequence of having strayed.. "You are a clever schemer, no doubt, Mr. Carrington," he added, bitterly; "but clever as you are, you have been outwitted as completely as the veriest fool that ever blundered into ruin. Do you understand, Carrington” we are not richer by one halfpenny for all your scheming?" Elizabeth ɒraddon… Run to Earth He never blundered into victory, but won his battles in his head, before he won them on the field. Ralph Emerson… Representative Men He represents the sultan as residing in Bablyon, and blunders into pedantic confusion between Babylon in Egypt, and Babylon in Chaldea. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels b. To blunder upon (something): to come to know, find or experience it accidentally: I wonder how the pupils of these schools, and the children of such parents, blunder into so much knowledge as they do. Misses Mendell… Notes of travel […] some fool would have blundered into the discovery, if you had not prevented him. William Fowle… The hundred dialogues These bizarre attempts at explanation were followed by others equally bizarre. Of late years however, an anonymous writer, by a course of reasoning exceedingly unphilosophical, has contrived to blunder upon a […] solution--although we cannot consider it altogether the true one. Edgar Poe While reading this passage, I felt my uncle's hand tremble in mine, and I laid down the book. It appeared as if everything I did, instead of soothing, as I intended, but pained him more and more. I sat silent, with tears in my eyes, fearful that if I attempted further kindness, I should but blunder upon some wrong method of showing it. Jane Campbell… Evenings at Home Last season I blundered upon an experiment, with the results of which I feel highly satisfied. The New England farmer, vol. 7 3. Metaphorical acceptation: to commit an error in doing something, originally through confusion or indistinction; later, through any cause. Whenever I have found out that I have blundered, or that my work has been imperfect, and when I have been contemptuously criticised, and even when I have been overpraised, […], it has been my greatest comfort to say hundreds of times to myself that "I have worked as hard and as well as I could, and no man can do more than this." Charles Darwin… The Autobiography I had a long conversation with the new Lord Sheffield; and, as I had never seen him since he was Colonel Holroyd, I was ridiculously enough embarrassed with his new title, blundering from my lord to sir, and from sir to my lord. Frances ɒurney… Diary and letters -)With the preposition in + a noun or a gerund, which stand for the scope of the error: A man may read the French easily —he may be extensively acquainted with French authors, and yet he may not be able to make himself understood by a shopkeeper, nor to understand the simplest sentence from the lips of a garçon in a café, […]. ɒut, with such a knowledge of the language, he will rapidly acquire its colloquial use, if he has the courage to blunder away […], in his attempts to speak it. John Edwards… Random sketches… Mr. Arbuton began to write. Suddenly, "Miss Ellison," said he, with a smile, "I've blundered in your name; I neglected to put the Miss before it […]." William Howells… A Chance Acquaintance […] he blundered in making his corrections. Graham’s ɑmerican monthly magazine…, vol. 45 If it be true that experienced geologists have sometimes, from the neglect of palaeontology, blundered in the arrangement of the physical groups; it is equally true, that very expert palaeontologists, from some mistake of arrangement among the physical groups, have sometimes blundered in their palaeontology. ɑ. Sedgwick… A synopsis of the classification… -)-)With the preposition about + a noun: He is as fond of quotations as my poor "Lady Smatter," and, like her, knows little beyond a song, and always blunders about the author of that. Frances ɒurney… Diary and letters […] I would rather see a man capably doing evil than blundering about good. Robert Stevenson… Prince Otto […] I think you will allow that it is more likely you may have blundered about the identity of a lady to whom you have never spoken, than that the daughter of Sir Christopher Harrington, and my greatly esteemed young cousin, should be living in the manner you mentioned. The Eclectic magazine, vol. 6 Transitively: 1. Obsolete: a. To confuse (two or more bodies); to mix confusedly. b. To confound mentally; to unreason (someone). 2. (The object is one’s way, this is, my way, your way, etc.) to locomote staggeringly; go totteringly. Also metaphorical. A guide was absolutely needed, as the track ceased altogether in one place, and for some time the horses had to blunder their way along a bright, rushing river, swirling rapidly downwards, heavily bordered with bamboo, full of deep holes, and made difficult by trees which have fallen across it. Isabella Bird… Unbeaten Tracks in Japan ɑway, […], did they scramble, through bush and brake, […], nor did they pause to breathe, until they had blundered their way through this perilous wood and had fairly reached the high-road to the city. Washington Irving… Tales of a Traveller […] he would sit, silent […], for half an hour or half a minute, as the case might be, and then get up suddenly, with a “Well, good morning,” shuffle back to the door, and blunder his way out. Douglas ɛerrold’s shilling magazine, vol. 1 His face now became very troubled, the tone of his voice very irresolut e,—the face and the voice of a man who is either blundering his way through an intricate falsehood, or through obscure reminiscences. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… A Strange Story 3. To pronounce or utter (something) blunderingly or stupidly. It is usually construed with the adverb out, in a pleonastic construction: I was blundering out some kind of apology for my appearance, when he pointed to a chair, and begged me to be seated. Charles Lever… The Daltons Cecilia could not forbear laughing to hear the truth thus accidentally blundered out. Frances ɒurney… Cecilia Jo produced her manuscript and, blushing redder and redder with each sentence, blundered out fragments of the little speech carefully prepared for the occasion. Louisa ɑlcott… Little Women 4. To cause (something or someone) to result into a unexpected state or circumstance by clumsy or stupid behavior. I have found worth, probity, and even sincerity among courtiers themselves, and the very patrons I had offended had their good qualities, which I did not respect the less because I had blundered myself out of their favour. Robert Ward… De Vere 5. To make a blunder or error in (something that one is doing); to do blunderingly; to vary (something) by error. Synonym: to bungle. The banker's clerk, who was directed to sum my cash-account, blundered it three times. Walter Scott… Waverly novels, vol. 5 Inscriptions, blundered by the die engraver, are frequently found both on the coins of classical antiquity, and of the middle ages. H. Humpreys… The Coin Collector’s Manual The appellations, and sobriquets, of the Scotish kings, and of the royal family, were obviously Irish, however they may have been blundered by copyists, or barbarized by translators. George Chalmers… Caledonia The value of the medal is lowered when any of the letters of the legend are misplaced, as a suspicion of forgery is thereby induced. A similar or even greater diminution in value occurs with respect to such coins as have not been well fixed in the dye, which has occasioned their slipping under the strokes of the hammer, and thus making a double or triple image. Many specimens have been found, on which the one side is perfectly well formed, but the other blundered in the manner just mentioned. James Elmes… Dictionary of the fine arts Other English words derived from the verb BLUNDER: blunderful, blundersome, blunder (noun), blundered, blunderer, blunderhead, blundering, blunderingly, blundersome. _bold_ Adjective. Pronunciation: bəʊld. Etymology: from Middle English bald. Comparative form: bolder. Superlative form: boldest. 1. (Of a person or another animal) who manifests boldness or courage; acting without fear or without apparent fear. Synonyms: courageous, daring, fearless, intrepid, fearless, dauntless, valiant, audacious. Antonyms: timid, fearful, cowardly, shy, timid. Translation: courageux, in French; corajudo, in Spanish; coraggioso, in Italian. For many hours the immediate vicinity of the low framework upon which I lay, had been literally swarming with rats. They were wild, bold, ravenous -- their red eyes glaring upon me as if they waited but for motionless on my part to make me their prey. Edgar Poe At first, the ravenous animals were startled and terrified at the change -- at the cessation of movement. They shrank alarmedly back; many sought the well. But this was only for a moment. I had not counted in vain upon their voracity. Observing that I remained without motion, one or two of the boldest leaped upon the framework, and smelt at the surcingle. Edgar Poe But in the western or black chamber the effect of the fire-light that streamed upon the dark hangings through the blood-tinted panes, was ghastly in the extreme, and produced so wild a look upon the countenances of those who entered, that there were few of the company bold enough to set foot within its precincts at all. Edgar Poe I do not believe the boldest of them ever ventured to address a compliment to her. Rosa Carey… Only the governess I will be bold to affirm, that the profits to Great Britain from the trade of the colonies […] is two millions a year. William Griffin… American Colonies and Revolution […] some of the English being on shore filling their water-casks, the Spaniards became bolder, and watching an opportunity when the sailors were hard at work, poured down with their 200 horse from the hills, slew some of them, and made a few prisoners. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels -)Phrase: to make bold: to venture courageously (to do a thing): About an hour ago, I made bold to thrust myself among a group of the crew. Edgar Poe We had passed through walls of piled bones, with casks and puncheons intermingling, into the inmost recesses of the catacombs. I paused again, and this time I made bold to seize Fortunato by an arm above the elbow. Edgar Poe 2. (Of a personal action) manifesting boldness or courage. Synonyms: daring, brave. The method of the theft was not less ingenious than bold. Edgar Poe This bold speech actually proceeded from Mrs. Sherwin! I had never before heard her utter an opinion in her husband's presence--such an outburst from _her,_ was perfectly inexplicable. She pronounced the words with desperate rapidity, and unwonted power of tone, […. eying me] all the while [….] with a very strange expression. Wilkie Collins… Basil On our walks, we were unmolested, […] but their conduct was bolder and more unconcerned than that of the Taheitians. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels 3. (Of something corporeal) standing prominently as if boldly. It is with wood that he can raise his boldest structures. The Book of trees, London It contains five figures in bold relief, each twenty-four inches high. The Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 172 Each side of the porch is decorated with an arcade, over which are twelve large figures in bold relief, six on each side. ɛohn ɒritton… The Beauties of England and Wales One of the places was in the cliff of the sea, about half way down from the summit, in a strong bold vein, containing some copper ore. John Williams… Natural History 4. a. (Of a coast, shore, etc.) steep; abrupt; rising steeply from deep water. b. (Of water near a steep shore) deep. […] the ocean is as deep there as might have been anticipated in the neighbourhood of a bold coast. Charles Lyel… Principles of geology The retired valley, with the bold coast, and the woods and precipices at the back, is extremely beautiful. Robert Walpole… European and Asiatic Turkey There are no shoals or other dangers about the island, the shores being remarkably bold and the water deep. Edgar Poe… The Narrative… The depth of the ocean around the coast, from three to four miles distance from the shore, is generally from twenty to thirty fathoms, and bold water extends close to the cliffs and shores. Thomas Haliburton… An historical and statistical account… Words derived from bold: boldly, boldness. _bound_ Noun. Plural: bounds. Pronunciation: baʊnd. Etymology: from verb BOUND (= to leap), and this one from French bondir (= resound; to leap, rebound). Definition: a. Act of bounding; a propelling oneself upward with one or both legs, in order either to change position, or to locomote. b. Act of bounding; an elastic spring of something after being forced against a surface; an elastic movement upward or onward Synonyms: to jump, spring, leap. Translation: salto, in Spanish; salto, in Italian; saut, in French. They all seize it [the prey] with a bound, at the same time expressing their fierce pleasure with a roar. Oliver Goldsmith… A History of the Earth Scarce any of the animals with short legs and long bodies, pursue their prey; but, knowing their own incapacity to overtake it by swiftness, either creep upon it in its retreats, or wait in ambush and seize it with a bound. Oliver Goldsmith… A History of the Earth The cat can leap several feet at a bound; and the tiger, who is ten times as long, can no doubt spring proportionably. Oliver Goldsmith… A History of the Earth From the peculiar structure of the kanguroo, there can be little doubt that its principal progressive motion is performed by leaps. It has, in fact, been seen to spring over twenty feet at a bound. David ɒrewster… The Edinburgh encyclopaedia Words derived from BOUND: bound (verb), rebound, bounder, bounding. _brag_ Verb. Pronunciation: bræg. Etymology: from Middle English braggen (= to trumpet; boast), from Old French braguer (= to flaunt, brag). Preterite tense: bragged. Preterite participle : bragged. Present participle: bragging. Intransitively: 1. Literally: of a trumpet: to be played loudly. (Obsolete acceptation). 2. To become a bragger; to talk boastingly; to refer to oneself, or something related to oneself, in a boasting manner, or in a manner intended to excite wonder or envy. Synonyms: to vaunt, boast, swagger; boast. Antonyms: disclaim something, disavow. Translation: jactarse de, in Spanish; se vanter, in French; vantarsi, in Italian. -)With the preposition of, or about, followed either by a noun, or a gerund, which stand for the subject: […] Gumbo, in the inn-kitchen, where the townsfolk drank their mug of ale by the great fire, bragged of his young master's splendid house in Virginia, and of the immense wealth to which he was heir. William Makepeace… The Virginians I later learned that this grasping owner had bragged of making a profit of $98,000 in a single year. Clifford ɒeers… A Mind That Found Itself He did not brag about his victories. William Thackeray… The Virginians […] he liked to brag about his courage, and how he would do provided he should see a bear. Graham's Illustrated Magazine, vol. 50 -)-)With the preposition to + noun of the person to whom the bragger talks: You bragged to those ladies about our dining-cars. William Howells… The March Family Trilogy Transitively: 1. To assert boastingly; to boast (the direct object is a subordinate clause introduced by that) [The duke] hath oftentimes bragged openly in parliament that he had made the king yield to this. George Craik… A pictorial history of England […] he is said to have bragged that he had committed thirteen murders and assassinations, amongst which his father was one of the victims. George Alexander… Visit to Guatemala from Mexico 2. To deceive or impose upon (someone) by boasting. (It is rarely used) 3. Archaic: to boast of (something). Words derived from the verb BRAG: bragger, brag (noun), braggart, braggartly, braggartism, braggartry, braggery, bragging, braggingly, bragless. _bribe_ Noun. Plural: bribes. Pronunciation: braɪb. Etymology: from Old French bribe (= piece of bread, esp. piece of bread given to a beggar, scrap). In modern French bribe is for “little quantity of anything”. There are some hypotheses about the cognateness of this bribe with the Spanish briba, bribón and the Italian birba, birbone, birbante, but the question is undecided. 1. Obsolete acceptation: a thing stolen or robbed; theft, robbery; plunder. 2. A gift offered or promised unduly or subreptitiously to induce a person to act in the interest of the briber, as to neglect to do what the bribee is supposed to do in his office, duty or employment; what is given or promised (money or other valuable gift) on bribing a person; Hence, anything given or promised to induce a person to act against his will, his mood, his custom. Translation: in Italian: sbruffo; Spanish: soborno; French: subornation. Synonyms: tip; bung (slang); gratuity; grease (slang); payola (jocular); poultice (Australian slang); sling (Australian); back-hander (slang). [He] by arts and bribes, prevailed on Sir Robert Clifford to betray his employers. Charles Dickens… A Child’s History Inform him that British officers are not orientals, and do not accept bribes from officials in whose districts they have to restore order. George Shaw… Too True to be Good The strictness of Peter's fidelity yielded to the persuasions of Ferdinand, though no bribe could tempt him to incur the resentment of the marquis, by permitting an escape. Ann Radcliffe... A Sicilian Romance Beside resentment, I had another motive of my backwardness to agree to such a meeting; and this was --fear. I apprehended, and surely not without reason, that the annuity was rather meant as a bribe than a recompence. Henry Fielding… Amelia 'Which of them can say for his honesty, what I can say for mine; which of them has refused a minister's bribe of one thousand pounds a year, to resign his seat in favour of another? Not one.' Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge […] if his wife be detected in a criminal conversation with a man of fortune, (the most likely by bribes to seduce her,) he may recover very great damages, and procure a divorce besides […] Samuel Richardson… Clarissa Words derivated from BRIBE: bribe (verb), bribable, bribeable, bribability, bribeability, briberess, bribed, bribee, briber, bribing, unbribable, unbribed, rebribe, bribery, bribetaker, bribe-taking; bribe-free. _brisk_ Adjective. Pronunciation: brɪsk. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Comparative form: brisker. Superlative form: briskest. 1. a. (Of an animated being) behaving, acting or moving with quickness, or with such a attitude as to make it (him, her) appear sprightly; this is, quick in action or movement. Synonyms: active, quick, cheery, nimble, sprightly, energetic, zippy, spry, perk. Antonyms: dull, moped, inactive, sluggish, lazy, slothful. Translation: activo, dinámico, in Spanish; expéditif, actif, dynamique, in French; dinamico, attivo, in Italian. When the ladies were gone, which was as soon as Amelia could prevail on Mrs. James to depart, Colonel Bath, who had been pretty brisk with champagne at dinner, soon began to display his magnanimity. Henry Fielding… Amelia […] the old gentleman came in as brisk as need be. Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist […] it was a common saying among their friends, that it was impossible to say which looked the happier, Tim as he sat calmly smiling in his elbow-chair on one side of the fire, or his brisk little wife chatting and laughing, and constantly bustling in and out of hers, on the other. Charles Dickens… Nicholas Nickleby According to this most pleasing of all naturalists, the microscope discovers that the seminal liquor, not only of males, but of females also, abounds in these moving little animals which have been mentioned above, and that they appear equally brisk in either fluid. Oliver Goldsmith… A History of the Earth… Miss C. is a good woman; pays her rent and her tradesmen; gives plenty to the poor; is brisk with her tongue—kind- hearted in the main. William Thackeray… Books […] she looked brisk with impatience, laughing a low laugh… George Meredith… The Shaving of Shagpat When he was behind his counter, he used to be brisk, active, and jocular, like a man that knew what he was doing, and did not fear to look another in the face. Samuel Johnson… The Adventurer and the Idler […] so I became sullen and silent, my opponent in an equal degree brisk and loquacious. Edward Howard… Rattlin the Reefer 'Beg pardon, sir,' said a brisk waiter, rubbing the table. 'Wish see bed-room?' Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit Mark bestirred himself, however, to execute the offices with which he was entrusted; and soon lost all tendency to any outward expression of his surprise, in the occupation of being brisk and busy. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit b. (Of the action or of the motion of an animated being) being acted, performed or done with quickness, promptness or activity. Translation: activo, in Spanish; actif, in French; attivo, in Italian. A brisk rivalry existed between the solicitors for Ellsworth and Wichita, every man working faithfully for his railroad or town, and at night they generally met in social session over a poker game. ɑndy ɑdams… Reed Anthony A brisk tattoo of knuckles on the oaken door stopped him. Bill came in, grinning with satisfaction over something. ɒ. ɒower… The Gringos […] they proceeded onward at a brisk pace. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge Nan walked on at a brisker pace. William ɒlack… The Beautiful Wretch No one made reply to this; it seemed scarcely worth while. Every man of them rode humped away from the wind, his head drawn down as close to his shoulders as might be. Conversation under those conditions was not likely to become brisk. ɒertha ɒower… The Happy Family The oxen were in brisk motion, and presently the cries of pursuit were heard in the street. J. Fenimore Cooper… The Pioneers The bells pretty well covered our horses from their necks to their haunches, a pair of gallant grays urged to their briskest pace by the driver whose short square face and humorous mouth and eyes were a joy whenever we caught a glimpse of them. William Howells… Familiar Spanish Travels […] a small creek. There we and our horses drank incredible quantities of water, and as our position was not yet very safe, we again resumed our march at a brisk trot. Captain Marryat… Monsieur Violet Mr. Pettifer, with a brisk nod of intelligence, immediately assumed his steward face. Charles Dickens… A Message from the Sea They had some medicine in their chest; and this man of sad experience showed Mark how and when to administer it, and how he could best alleviate the suffer ings of Martin. His attentions did not stop there; for he was backwards and forwards constantly, and rendered Mark good service in all his brisk attempts to make their situation more endurable. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit "It is wonderful," says Pliny, "how the mind is stirred to activity by brisk bodily exercise." Horatio Pater… Marius the Epicurean The group before him consisted of French and Spanish peasants, the inhabita nts of a neighbouring hamlet, some of whom were performing a sprightly dance, the women with castanets in their hands, to the sounds of a lute and a tamborine, till, from the brisk melody of France, the music softened into a slow movement, to which two female peasants danced a Spanish Pavan. Ann Radcliffe… The Mysteries Of Udolpho Once it was known that we were in the market for cattle, competition was brisk, the sellers bidding against each other and fixing the prices at which we accepted the stock. ɑndy ɑdams… Reed Anthony The lamps being lit in the garden to the edges of the water, where they lay one evening, Ukleet, who had been in his briskest mood, became grave, and put his forefinger to the side of his nose […] George Meredith… The Shaving of Shagpat 2. The following acceptations are analogies deduced from the preceding ones: a. (Of a beverage or a liquor for drinking) having good taste, or with such effect as to be qualified as spirited. Antonyms: unspirited, insipid. Translation: brusco, in Italian; agréablement spiritueux, in French; agradablemente espiritoso, in Spanish. And the Bavarian beer, my dear friend, how good and brisk and light it is! William Thackeray… Roundabout Papers b. (Of the air) strong enough to be invigorate. The sun was bright, the air brisk and invigorating. William Thackeray… The History of Pendennis The air was brisk. ɒenjamin Disraeli… Venetia There had been moments when she had despised herself for using her stronger will to coerce Blake into the fulfilment of his engagement, but on the morning after the wedding these moments were forgotten, and, as she hoed and raked and planted in the brisk air and the bright spring sunshine, her whole existence seemed uplifted by the knowledge that she and Blake at last belonged unquestionably to each other; that every output of her strength was for their common comfort, and would continue to be as long as they both should live. Mary Earle… The Glass Door […] at all costs, she would have to get out of this hot-house, and gain a breath of brisk sea air. William ɒlack… The Beautiful Wretch c. (Of wind, fire, cold, shower, etc) too much effective; vigorous. When the entire chimney had thus been raised, and had been properly bound in with outward props, a brisk fire was kindled, and kept going until it was burned to something like a brick-red. ɛames Cooper… The Deerslayer We had been two days almost totally becalmed, when, a brisk gale rising as we were in sight in Dunkirk, we saw a vessel making full sail towards us. Henry Fielding… Mr. Jonathan Wild A breeze from the north brought this stratum of cloud and, being a little brisk in force, rippled the entire surface of the sea. William Scoresby… Voyage to Australia A brisk northeasterly wind was blowing, causing the bosom of the river to flash in ripples of light. William ɒlack… Macleod of Dare Mrs. Lander realized when the ship came to anchor in the stream at Liverpool that she had not been seasick a moment during the voyage. In the brisk cold of the winter morning, as they came ashore in the tug, she fancied a property of health in the European atmosphere, which she was sure would bring her right up, if she stayed long enough… William Howells… Ragged Lady […] the fire must be brisk and clear. The Cook and Housewife’s Manual A brisk shower, with severe thunder and lightning, came on about dusk Edgar ɑllan Poe… Arthur Gordon Pym d. (Of a purgative, drug, etc.) too much effective; drastic. […] as our patient was costive, he was ordered to take five grains of calomel at bed-time, and to follow this with a brisk purgative on the following morning. The Lancet, edited by Thomas Wakley e. (Of any fact, as a trade, business, etc., in which interaction of agents occurs) concurring with the briskness of one or more of the participators. It was the day after Doune Fair when my story commences. It had been a brisk market. Walter Scott… Chronicles of The Canongate Their small mill was only adapted for the supply of certain kinds of lumber, for which there was now not much demand, and they had not enough money to remodel it, while business would not get brisk again until the spring. Harold ɒindloss… Carmen's Messenger There is a stall with baskets of queer little black grapes and apples, and a pretty brisk trade with half a dozen urchins standing round. But, beyond this, there is scarce any talk or movement in the street. There's nobody at the book-shop. William Thackeray… Roundabout Papers […] artificers in wood abounded, and the timber trade was brisk. Thomas Hardy… A Changed Man and other Tales When the supper, which was very brisk and gay, was over, and Captain Costigan and Mrs. Bolton had partaken of some of the rack-punch that is so fragrant at Vauxhall, the bill was called and discharged by Pen with great generosity […] William Thackeray… The History of Pendennis He walked into the market while they were getting breakfast ready for him at the Inn; and though it was the same market as of old, crowded by the same buyers and sellers; brisk with the same business; noisy with the same confusion of tongues and cluttering of fowls in coops; […]; green with the same fresh show of dewy vegetables; dainty with the same array in higglers' baskets of small shavingglasses, laces, braces, trouser-straps, and hardware; […]; still it was strangely changed to Tom. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit There is naturally something so handy and brisk about you, Ruth, that if you said you could make a bowl of faultless turtle soup, I should believe you. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit Other English words derived from BRISK: brisk (verb), brisken, briskening, briskish, briskly, briskness, brisky, brisked, brisking. _brisk_ Verb. Pronunciation: brɪsk. Etymology: from the adjective BRISK. Preterite tense, preterite participle: brisked. Present participle: brisking. Transitively: 1. To render (an animated being) brisk. Postdefinition: the adverb up, found adjunctively, reinforces pleonastically the denotation of activity. Synonyms: to quicken, bestir. Antonyms: to mope, torporize, torpefy, numb. Translation: attivizzare, dinamizzare, in Italian; dynamiser, in French; dinamizar, in Spanish. Next morning Laurance woke him at eight, and Dan grumbled about getting up, although he was assured that he had slept the clock round. However a cold bath soon brisked him up, and he came down to the sitting-room with an excelle nt appetite for breakfast. Fergus Hume… The Mystery Queen A cup of wine that brisks up me. George Thornbury… Art and Nature 2. To make (wind, fire, etc) brisk. Despite an unseasonable summer cold front that had brisked the air, the forge had warmed his shop more than comfortably. Harold Moon… The Leah Shadow 3. (Of someone) to effect (something) with briskness. Modestine brisked up her pace for perhaps three steps, and then relapsed into her former minuet. Robert Stevenson… Travels with a Donkey 4. To translocate, move or transfer (something or someone) with briskness. The music in the bar had just started and Claud asked Veronica if she wanted to dance and winked at her fondly with a seductive look upon his face and before she could answer he brisked her up onto the dance floor. Carole ɒarker… Love Under Kenyan Skies I bought two sandwhiches and a macchiato, a waiter brisked them onto the marble magenta countertop. Ron Dakron… Infra Intransitively: 1. (Of someone) to become brisk; to behave or move briskly; to change from one state of dullness to one of briskness, promptness, activity, etc.; --this intransitive use is for the reflexive one. The adverb up, as in the transitive use, reinforces pleonastically the denotation of activity. Synonyms: to bustle, bestir. Antonyms: to laze, dull. Translation: activarse, or dinamizarse, in Spanish; attivarsi, or dinamizzarsi, in Italian; s’activer, in French. See how every one brisks up when a country dance is announced, and how much at home every one appears directly to be! Talbot Gwynne… The School for Fathers As I brisked out of bed the following morning at half-after six, I could not but wonder rather nervously what the day might have […] for me. Harry Wilson… Ruggles of Red Gap Our horses brisked up wonderfully, the grey forgot that he was bearing so fat a man as Mr. Briggs, the chestnut was oblivious of his packs, and all at a swinging canter came up to the farm door. Sabine Baring-Gould… Iceland "Well, I can't understand all that," said […] ɛohn, with rueful sulkiness, from which he brisked up to ask, […] William Howells… Questionable Shapes 2. (Of a fact, action, thing, etc.) to become brisk. Antonym: to dull. Things have been dull all the fall, but I thought they'd brisk up come winter. They haven't. William Howells… The Rise of Silas Lapham 3. (Of wind, fire, etc.) to become brisk. Antonyms: to dull, weaken. The wind brisked up to fifteen knots. Philip Caputo… The Voyage Through the open sides of the den, a sea wind brisked. ɑdam Lee… Octoberland Other English words derived from brisk: brisk (adj.), brisken, briskening, briskish, briskly, briskness, brisky, brisked, brisking _browbeat_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: braʊbiːt. Etymology: it is analysed into BROW (noun) + BEAT (verb). Preterite tense: browbeat. Preterite participle : browbeaten. Present participle: browbeating. Definition: to intimidate by a stern look; to discourage by looking sternly; to bully by frowning. Translation: intimidar con la mirada, in Spanish; intimidire ammiccando torvamente, in Italian; intimider avec le regard, in French. They browbeat me and frightened me till I did as I was told. Anthony Trollope… Can you forgive her? -)With the preposition into, to signify the state resulting from the browbeating: There had been some woman, who, […] had been cheated and browbeaten into silence. Charlotte Yonge… Monthly Packet I admired the pluck of my little friend, that would not let him be browbeaten into paying it out before he was ready, though in apparent danger from the Indian with the bad-looking eyes. Frederick Ober… Travels in Mexico Other English words derived from browbeat: browbeating, browbeater. _careless_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: k əlɪs. Etymology: it is analysable into the noun of CARE and the suffix –less. Comparative form: more careless. Superlative form: most careless 1. Obsolete and pristine use: having no care (anxiety); unaffected by uneasiness of mind . If there was any act of friendship he particularly prized, it was the interventio n that should relieve him of the anxiety and trouble of a difficult negotiation, and leave him, thoughtless and careless, to stroll about, neither thinking of the present nor uneasy for the future. Charles Lever… The Daltons 2. (Of somebody) having no care for something; this is, not concerning oneself with something; not attending to it. Antonyms: careful, concerned, interested, mindful, regardful, cautious, chary. heedful, attentive, solicito us, Synonyms: unconcerned; not caring; uninterested; indifferent, regardless, unattending, inattentive, unmindful, unsolicitous, unheedful, incautious, unchary. Translation: descuidado (de), in Spanish; incurante (di), in Italian; inattentif (à), in French. What was the passion so powerful that it would almost induce the generous to be mean, the careless to be cautious, the guileless to be deeply designing, and the dove to emulate the serpent? Charles Dickens… Speeches -)With the preposition of, before a noun or a gerund (what is uncared-for): Few of either sex thought it necessary to hide themselves under the awnings of bathing machines: posts, with ropes fastened to them, are fixed into the sands, and these were taken possession of by numerous groups of women, six or seven in a row, jumping, ducking, laughing, and screaming, evidently as careless of being seen as of being drowned. Richard Ayton… A voyage round Great Britain Mr. Lascelles might have been a more congenial companion, but he was taciturn by nature, and utterly careless of being agreeable to others. Clara Cameron… English life On he went, careless of the burning heat and the hot rays of the sun. Charles Lever… The Daltons After a very little talking, which he was careless of and quite indifferent to, they told him he was to go to Newgate, and took him away. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge I am careless at present of consequences. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa I am very careless, my dear, of my appearance now. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa Fear is something a horseman should never exhibit in his conntenance or voice, as the horse is a close observer, and soon learns to take advantage of such indications to become careless of control, if not indeed aggressive. Rudolph Gleason… Gleason’s horse book [Friedrich Wilhelm] stays well at home, careless of affairs that are not his. Thomas Carlyle… History of Friedrich… I remember that I made a last appeal to her as we walked towards it, and that we loitered on the bridge, careless of who might see us there, in a final conflict of our wills. Herbert Wells… The Passionate Friends -)-)With the preposition about, on or upon, toward + noun of what is uncared-for: Women I think are different from men in their jealousy. Men are jealous of the other man; women are jealous for their man—and careless about the other woman. Herbert Wells… The Secret Places He got quite careless about his dress. Herbert Wells… The Wonderful Visit ɒoth sexes, […], seem very careless about their hair, and have nothing like combs to dress it with. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels I was very indifferent and careless upon this subject; but not a little uneasy at finding that my dress, so different from that of the company to which I belonged, attracted general notice and observation. Fanny ɒurney… Evelina This was done [… in such a manner as] to avoid the observation of the governor spies, who soon became careless upon the subject. The Monthly traveler, vol. 2 He seems to have been unaccountably careless on a subject which, with most authors, is one of paramount importance. The Dublin University magazine, vol. 41 While the young bees are in the larva state, the utmost care is taken of them. If any member of the hive is rude or careless toward the egg, or worm, or the yet unhatched pupa, the nurses are very angry. Merry’s museum, vol. 5-6 -) With the prepositional construction as to, before a noun, a gerund, or a dependent clause introduced by an interrogative adverb, designative of what is uncared-for: […] careless as to results, indifferent to obstacles. William ɑinsworth… Rookwood You are careless as to keeping your word. The Eclectic magazine, vol. 46 Some mothers push their children from home, just like the little bird pushes its young from its nest, careless as to where they may go, or how they may fare. The Mothers’ friend, ed. by ɑnn ɛane Morgan Reckless enough as to facts, he is never careless as to effect. The westminister review From preferring to be good, rather than to seem so, the people had now become equally careless as to being and seeming. William Pinnock… The Guide to knowledge In no part of the kingdom were the farmers more careless as to the breed, providing only that the cows were true Suffolks. William Youatt… Cattle -) -)With a subordinate interrogative clause, significative of what is uncared-for (she is careless where he went = she does not care where he went): […] as he followed, careless where he went, he continued talking to himself aloud after the manner of restless self-discontented men. Charles ɜingsley… Hypatia The best general caution in regard to the omnibus is, never get in unless yo have better authority than the word of the conductor as to where you are going, or unless you are careless where you are going. The American Whig review, vol. 3 We had gone out by the front door; we soon traversed the park; and getting into the lanes, hurried on, ignorant and careless where we were going. Anne Marsh-Caldwell… Mount Sorel We left the château the same evening for Paris. Marie scarcely spoke one word during the journey; a fatuous, stupid indifference to everything and every one […], and she seemed perfectly careless whither we went. Charles Lever… Tom Burke of "Ours" Letter-writing has become an easy [… thing]. We write because we have got something to say, feeling careless how it is said. The living age, vol. 44 [Ministers] who will be ever craving for large supplies, but careless how they waste the public treasure. Charles Davenant… The political and commercial works... Provided he receives the stipulated salary, he is careless how he earns it. Monthly magazine and British register, vol. 19 […] when they found detection approaching them, they wished to ward it off, careless what were the means, careless who was the instrument. William Gurney… The trial of Charles Random […] too many […] are careless who rules, are indifferent to the character of the executive. ɒlackwood’s Edinburgh magazine, vol. 43 “I promise!” she cried aloud, at intervals, careless who might notice her, and trusting that Alice might be yet within hearing. Jedediah Vincent… Lady Alice To avoid observation, she was too happy to retire again into a corner with him who was now the whole world to her. Never had she looked more lovely, never had he felt prouder of her charms; yet they danced the first dance together, careless who was looking at them, thinking only of themselves. Charles White… Almack’s She began, now, to feel nearly careless what became of her. Fanny ɒurney… Camilla At the corner of the street he stopped to light another cigar, and possibly to ask himself what he was doing otherwise. If so, the answer was indefinite and vague. Who knows what he is doing, who is careless what he does! Charles Dickens… Our Mutual Friend One evening, about a week before the examinations were to begin, I was taking my usual constitutional after Hall; and, careless which way I turned my steps, crossed the river. Frank Smedley… Frank Fairlegh You must, […] give me some fish […]. ɑny one kind of fish, I am entirely careless which. ɛeremy ɒentham… The works… As he proceeded, careless in which direction, he met many with whom he had been acquainted. Frederick Marryat… The Phantom Ship I have heard her say the wildest and wickedest things, careless whether any one was near. George MacDonald… There & Back […] he still threw his line, in thoughtful mood, and seemed all too careless whether the fish were caught or not. George Rainsford… The robber -) With a dependent clause, introduced by the conjunction that, significative of what is uncared-for: The great triremes and quinqueremes rushed onward past the lagging transports, careless, in the mad race for safety, that they were leaving the greater number of their comrades defenceless in the rear of the flight. Charles ɜingsley… Hypatia 3. (Of a person, or of a similar animal) having little or insufficient care in doing anything. Synonyms: inaccurate, negligent. Antonyms: careful, cautious. The work is thus done much better and cheaper, as it can be done with fewer men, and without the danger that often occurs by careless men neglecting their duty. The Yearbook of facts in science and art.. I mention this to show that he was not careless in his habits, but that, on the contrary, he always took the greatest precautions against fraud or violence. ɑllan Pinkerton… The Somnambulist… Muslin can never be said to be wasted. I have heard my sister say so forty times, when she has been extravagant in buying more than she wanted, or careless in cutting it to pieces. ɛane ɑusten… Northanger Abbey It is doubtless the natural fertility of the country, combined with the mildness and serenity of the climate, that renders the natives so careless in their cultivatio n, that, in many places, though, overflowing with the richest productions, the smallest traces of it cannot be observed. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels He… appeared to be careless in his dress. The Parterre of fiction, etc., vol. I Possibly the writer was careless in speaking of this subject. ɑrthur Wigan… The great wonders… Strabo informs us that in his time the copyists were so careless that they neglected to compare what they wrote with the exemplar. William Stevenson… Life of William Caxton 4. a. (Of an act, of a personal quality) done, caused, or said with little, insufficient, or no care; characteristic of carelessness. b. (Of the manner of doing something) characteristic of carelessness. Antonyms: careful, heedful, solicitous. Synonyms: unconcerned; unheedful. […] approaching him [the villain] in a careless manner, as if about to address him, [Peters] seized him by the throat, and, before he could utter a single cry, tossed him over the bulwarks. Edgar Poe… The Narrative… […] his son leaned in an equally careless attitude against a donkey, which, with a pair of panniers and a bundle of stakes upon its back, formed a conspicuous feature in the group. William ɑinsworth… Mervyn Clitheroe When the Automaton hesitates in relation to its move, the exhibiter is occasionally seen to place himself very near its right side, and to lay his hand, now and then, in a careless manner upon the box. Edgar Poe The right arm of the Chess-Player is extended at full length before him, at right angles with his body, and lying, in an apparently careless position, by the side of the board. Edgar Poe After a little more careless conversation Johnny nodded his adieus, mounted and rode south. Clarence Mulford… The Bar-20 Three The dialogue was soon concluded; and with the same careless indifference with which they had approached each other, the mother turned towards the inner end of the yard, and the girl to the gate at which she had entered. Charles Dickens… Sketches by Boz Other English words derived from care: carelessly (adv.), carelessness, carelesswise, carer, caretake, care-taker, care-taking, cared, careful, carefully, carefulness, uncaring, uncaringly, uncaringness, uncared-for, uncareful, uncarefully, uncarefulness, overcare (noun), over-careful, over-carefully, over-carefulness, over-caring. _caution_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: kɔːʃən. Third-person singular simple present: she, he, it cautions. Preterite tense, preterite participle: cautioned. Present participle: cautioning. Etymology: denominative verb from the noun CAUTION, which is from Latin caution (= caution), from caut- participial stem of cavere (= to beware, to caution oneself). Transitively: 1. (The subject and the object are animated beings) to make (someone) heed, mind, notice, consider something for him to do or forbear, in manner of caution, warning, counsel; this is, to signify a caution or warning; this is, to make cautious; this is, to admonish with a caution. Synonyms: to warn, admonish, forewarn. Antonyms: to deceive, advise, delude. Translation: avertir, in French; advertir, in Spanish; avvertire, in Italian. I recollect now how you used to caution me when a girl. Captain Marryat… Jacob Faithful As we neared the grounds returning, he stopped me and we had a further brief confidential talk together. I was young and egotistical enough to think that I could defy all the rivals in existence, but he cautioned me, saying: "Hold on, Tom. You're young yet; you know nothing about the weaker sex, absolutely nothing. […]” ɑndy ɑdams… A Texas Matchmaker -)With the preposition against + the thing (represented by a noun or a gerund) that the cautioner indicates to be avoided or shunned: […] women cannot be cautioned too much against such lovers. Henry Fielding… Amelia To caution him against their visitor, to show any fear or suspicion in reference to him, would only be, she feared, to increase that interest with which Barnaby regarded him, and to strengthen his desire to meet him once again. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge […] he cautioned her against assumptions and appearances. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit [They] cautioned me against melancholy. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa It is sufficient […] to caution the reader against drawing general inferences from particular instances. Percy Shelley… A Defence of Poetry… He agreed promptly, but cautioned her against economy. Rex ɒeach… Flowing Gold ɑmongst the great herd of travellers, […] who show sufficiently by their stupidity that they never held any intercourse with opium, I must caution my readers specially against the brilliant author of Anastasius. Thomas De Quincey… Confessions… -)-)With the preposition about and on before the thing (represented by a noun or a gerund) in respect of which the caution is made: I was allowed to retain my horse, provided he did his share of the work. A mule and three range horses were also allotted to me, and I was cautioned about their care. ɑndy ɑdams… Reed Anthony The Intendant cautioned him on his behaviour in many points, and also relative to his dress […] during his stay in the metropolis. Captain Marryat… The Children of the New Forest I cautioned her about showing that she knew too much. Walter… My Secret Life Fanny cautioned me about this, and she objected, and I object. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit […] he approached me and cautioned me on a few rules. Black Belt, sept. 1975 -) With the preposition to before the thing (represented by a noun or an infinitive) to which the cautioner exhorts: […] families were publicly cautioned not to go out of town without removing their furniture to upholsterers' warehouses for security. Charles Dickens… A Tale of two Cities I was cautioned not to stay there, and so I left the town at once. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit His old friend cautioned him to the utmost carefulness in the preparation of prescriptions, which advice he scrupulously followed. Titan: a monthly magazine, vol. 9 [He] cautioned her to be extremely careful with respect to any money transactions with Mr Harrel, whose splendid extravagance he assured her was universa lly known to exceed his fortune. Frances ɒurney… Cecilia There had been little need to caution me to secrecy. I was not tempted to speak. Harry Wilson… The Boss of Little Arcady -) -)With the prepositional construction as to to indicate the thing in respect of which the caution is made: He did not choose to caution Ethel as to whether she should burn the letter or divulge it to her friends. William Thackeray… The Newcomes Mrs. Hollister attended them to the door in person, cautioning her guests as to the safest manner of leaving her premises. J. Fenimore Cooper… The Pioneers -) With the preposition from before the thing (represented by a noun or a gerund) to which the cautioner refers as to be avoided or shunned: […] to caution parents from trusting to the specious representations of any schoolmaster… Edward Howard… Rattlin the Reefer -) -)With the preposition for before the cause (represented by a noun or a gerund): Twice indeed he was cautioned for neglecting even his Greek lecture; but he was also thrice commended for diligence in attending it. John Forster… Oliver Goldsmith 2. (The object is a clause introduced by the conjunction that, or in manner of quotation) to interject, utter or say as a caution or warning. "Now, don't be too sure," cautioned Joel. "You can't see one hundred yards in this storm, and if you get bewildered, all country looks alike. Trust your horse in any event […]” ɑndy ɑdams… Wells Brothers "Ssh!" cautioned Merton. Harry Wilson… Merton of the Movies "Easy, easy!" cautioned his watchful hostess from time to time. Harry Wilson… Merton of the Movies "The wolf!" he cautioned, grasping the shoulder of his companion. Max ɒrand… The Night Horseman […] authorities caution that Wardog is considered armed, and extremely dangerous. ɛack R. Dunn… Hard I swam in the direction of the hill […]. I had remarked to my companion, before leaving the raft, that I was convinced it could not be more than three miles off, and I had often swam a much greater distance. He cautioned me that three miles appeared very little on the water; and repeated, that I should be lost if I made the attempt. ɛoseph ɑdshead… A Circumstantial Narrative… I feel as if it were some one else speaking to you, and not I, when I caution you that you have made a dangerous friend. Charles Dickens… David Copperfield 3. (The subject is an unanimated being) to be useful for making (someone) heed, mind, consider something to be done or forborne, in manner of warning. While I was with the FɒI, I’d had some experience doing covert work. My familiarity with it cautioned me to the possibility that he was more than he seemed to be. Gil Howard… The Price of Innocence Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of latin cavere: precaution (noun, verb), precautioning, precautional, precautionary, precautious, precautiously, cautioned, cautioning, cautionary, cautioner, cautionless, cautious, cautiously, cautiousness, incautious, incautiously, incautiousness, incaution, overcaution. _chary_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: tʃ ərɪ. Comparative form: charier. Superlative form: chariest. Etymology: from Old English cearig (= careful), from cearu, caru (= care). Walter Skeat: chary is the adjective of care, and partakes of its double acceptation: sorrow, heedfulness. 1. Obsolete and pristine acceptations: a. Causing sorrow. b. Feeling sorrow. 2. Archaic acceptation: kept or preserved carefully as an object of affection. 3. Current acceptation: (the subject being an animated being) careful, cautious; caring much. Synonyms: wary, cautious, circumspect, careful, prudent, heedful, concerned, interested, mindful, attentive, solicitous, regardful. Antonyms: reckless, careless, rash, heedless, unconcerned; not caring; uninterested; indifferent, regardless, unattending, inattentive, unmindful, unsolicitous, unheedful, incautious, unchary. […] the importance of being chary of one's steed on the prairies. Washington Irving… A Tour on the Prairies a. Specially: careful in the selection of what one eats; fastidious: Another [eagle], which is rather smaller, not so powerful, […] is either for the land or water, hunting or fishing […]; not inhabiting so wild places, nor quite so chary in its food as the former […] Robert Mudie… The feathered tribes… b. Specially: careful in eschewing; who abstains carefully from doing something; who cautions himself/herself from; charily reluctant. It is usually construed with the prepositions of, in. Less usually about. Translation: curioso en la abstención de algo, in Spanish; soigneux de s’abstenir de quelque chose, in French; attento ad astenersi da qualcosa, in Italian. […] his habitual reserve often concealed feelings that he was chary of displaying. ɛohn Stepney… Leaves from the diary The sheriff's name was O'Malley, which is reason enough why Luis was chary of confiding Mexican secrets to his keeping. ɒ. M ɒower… Starr, of the Desert She was on all occasions chary of opening the street door. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit He looked habitually on the ground when he conversed, was chary of speech, embarrassed. ɛohn Motley… The Rise of the Dutch Republic […] Elizabeth, who began to realise the awkwardness of being the recipient of so many tokens of affections from a lady she was holding in durance, gradually became more chary in her expressions of gratification. Thomas Henderson… Mary Queen of Scots It appears that the populace, having become somewhat chary in their belief in astrologers, conjurors, and mountebanks, were more loth than before to part with their money to such worthies. London, vol. 1-2, edited by Charles Knight There is a coarser variety of this fish […] that is not so chary in taking the bait. The Sporting magazine, vol. XXI He was as chary about making predictions as to the result of operations in his line as the ticket agent of a jerk-water railroad down South is about estimating the probable time of arrival of the next passenger train. Irvin Cobb… The Abandoned Farmers b. Specially: careful to keep or preserve something; careful in conservation; charily conservative. It is usually construed with the preposition of. Translation: curioso en la conservación de algo, in Spanish; soigneux de conserver quelque chose, in French; attento a conservare qualcosa, in Italian. I have other things that I care more to write to you about than politics, and am chary of my space, because, though I can cross my letter, I can only have one sheet of paper. Frances ɜemble… Records of a Girlhood [Gustave] haunted the dull salon, dim and dreary in the twilight; for Madame Magnotte was chary of lamps and candles, and prolonged to its utmost limits the pensive interval between day and night. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Charlotte's Inheritance At five o'clock in summer, at seven in winter (for Miss Honeyman, a good economist, was chary of candlelight), Hannah woke up little Sally, and these three women rose. William Thackeray… The Newcomes My father sits […] in his chair all day, more chary of speech than ever, more irritable, and with look more vacant. William Robinson… The House of Elmore Fortunately, however chary the Indians might be of their horses, they were liberal of their dogs. Washington Irving… Astoria The Literary Club […] had now been in existence several years. ɛohnson was exceedingly chary at first of its exclusiveness, and opposed to its being augmented in number. Washington Irving… Oliver Goldsmith The ancient Persians, as well as the Parthians, esteemed water the best drink: for, we are told of their kings, that they drank nothing but water; of which they were very chary, as well as cautious in their choice. Charles Lucas… An essay on waters Other English words derived from chary: unchary, charily, chariness. _chip_ Verb. Pronunciation: tʃɪp. Etymology: from Middle English chippen. Preterite tense: chipped (tʃɪpt). Preterite participle: chipped. Present participle: chipping. Transitively: 1. Obsolete: to pare (bread) by cutting away its crust. 2. To hew with a cutting tool, as an ax, chisel, adze, etc. […] there was cold ham, and chipped beef, and sausages. ɛames Hall… Harpe's Head One of the men was sitting on an upturned box beside the fire, waiting for the gently-humming kettle to boil; whilst the other was chipping wood outside the house. Edward Landor… The Bushman 3. To cut one or more small pieces from (something); to break one or more fragments off; to cut or break into fragments; to reduce to chips. Translation: astillar, in Spanish; ébrécher, in French; scheggiare, in Italian. The Old Red House was the same shadowy, mysterious looking place as heretofore. Though occupied, nothing had been done to sustain or decorate it; indeed, decay seemed going apace in its destruction. Its paint was still more chipped by wind and rain. Eliza Meteyard… Lilian’s golden hours The rails fencing the lawn from what was termed the park, were rotten, chipped, broken down, or tied together with pack-thread. Ellen Pickering… The Squire A cottage piano, a chiffonier, six sizes too large for the room, and dismally gorgeous in gilded moldings that were chipped and broken; a slim-legged cardtable, placed in the post of honor, formed the principal pieces of furniture. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Lady Audley's Secret The paint was peeling off the rickety old carved galleries; the arabesques over the windows were chipped and worn. William Thackeray… Notes on a Journey… One of the demonstrators dined with us upon a certain occasion, when a glass was observed to be slightly chipped at the rim, and a remark was made on the delicacy of the blow that had fractured so nicely without destroying the glass. The Dollar Magazine, vol. 2 Are you certain now, that the large blue dish for the cake is not chipped at the edges. Edmund Carrington… Confessions Near these relicks there is a defaced inscription […] It was defaced, as we were informed, by two Frenchmen, who, because they could not read it themselves, chipped it off out of spite to the British travellers. ɛohn Galt… Voyages and travels What remains of the inscription is as follows: the second line seems to have been chipped away by some invidious person. The beauties of England 4. To cut or break (a small piece or a chip) from something; --with off, from, etc. A large pile of glass stoppers in one corner was fused up into a solid mass, and I chipped a bit off as a memento. Henry Souttar… A Surgeon in Belgium One sat up and chipped earth from his huge boots with an iron girder he grasped in his hand; the second rested on his elbow; the third whittled a pine tree into shape and made a smell of resin in the air. Herbert Wells… The Food… As we walked on, many were the fragments of stones or of soil that Bob picked up, and, as he chipped them with his hammer, we discussed their nature, the order of formations to which they belonged, the metals whose ores they contained, or the chemical or other properties by which they were distinguished. Robert Douglas… Adventures of a medical student 5. To diminish or shape by cutting away small portions; to make (a work) by chipping. We have never seen a man who could take a round ball, and so chip it off on four sides as to make a square block, and have nothing left. The Mechanic, Vol. 3 Agates are made into marbles at Oberstein by first chipping the pieces nearly round with a hammer, and then wearing them down upon the face of large grindstones. American cyclopaedia 6. (Of a chicken) to crack (the egg-shell). There has it dwelt, since first it chipped the shell, and came forth from the clear brown egg. The Sporting magazine 7. (Of a player) to put in a chip or chips as one’s share of a stake; stake chips; hence, to make one’s contribution; to contribute; --only in the colloquial combination “chip in”. After we've all gorged ourselves, Melissa Stromwell steps forward with Ms. Miller's gifts, for which we all chipped in a dollar. Sarah Quigley… TMI One of the lads had organised a competition for that evening and we had all chipped in a pound towards the winning prize, which was a candle-lit dinner for two. Duncan Falconer… First Into Action -)Also as intransitive verb: The three put a tree on top of the mast and again chipped in for the main meal. Evan Wilson… Epitaph for a Beautiful Ship I would like to say a big enormous thank you to everyone who chipped in to make it a more wonderful day. George Varnava… How to Stop Bullying… Intransitively: 1. To make chipping strokes. Peter opened the letter and read it. Then without a word he gave it open to the Dozent. There was silence in the laboratory while the Dozent read it, silence except for his canary, which was chipping at a lump of sugar. Mary Rinehart… The Street of Seven Stars 2. (Of a thing) to break in one or more small pieces; to be chipped. The old peasant so often mentioned in the preceding pages spoke of the inscription as originally cut or scratched upon a thin " tabulet" which hung from a projection on the headstone in the glen. Something like a projection still remains; the tablet is not to be found. The stone itself is of a white flaky substance, which has gradually chipped off, with the moisture of the grotto; and if the tablet were of the same material, this may account for its disappearance. George Darley… The labours of idleness 3. To chip at: to aim a blow at, hit at; also, to banter; --it is also found with the omission of “at”, and equivalent to “to make (a person) the object of a joke”. You'll have fields trampled every night, and snipers chipping at you every day. Poul and ɜaren ɑnderson… The Unicorn Trade I can distinctly remember an instance not long after that match when Dad chipped me about not doing my homework. ɛim Stynes… My Journey Words derived from chip: chipping, chipper, chipped, unchipped. _chuckle_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: tʃʌk(ə)l). Etymology: it is said to be derived from the verb chuck (= to make a clucking noise), to which is suffixed –le (suffix with frequentative force). Walter Skeat wrote that it might be related to choke more immediately than to chuck. Preterite tense, preterite participle: chuckled. Present participle: chuckling. Intransitively: 1. Obsolete: to laugh convulsively. 2. To laugh in a self-suppressed manner, as when one congratulates oneself; this is, to manifest joy with a chuckle (an almost inaudible laugh). Antonyms: to sulk, pout, boody. Synonyms: to titter, giggle, snigger, snicker, sniggle. Translation: ridacchiare, in Italian; reír entre dientes, in Spanish; glousser, in French. Making an obeisance, the man left the baron alone, chuckling in anticipation of success. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood and Little John Gibson chuckled with delight; he had humbugged a stranger. Frederick Marryat… Travels and Adventures… Kim chuckled, remembering what he had overheard in the dressing-room. Rudyard ɜipling… Kim I chuckled excessively when I thought of my acumen. It was the first time I had ever known Wyatt to keep from me any of his artistical secrets. Edgar Poe "Good! good! good!" exclaimed Robin with manifest delight, chuckling and rubbing his hands, "that was good! Mrs. S. C. Hall… The Buccaneer Sherlock Holmes clapped his hands softly together and chuckled. ɑrthur Doyle… Sherlock Holmes The last man being gone, Mr Gregsbury rubbed his hands and chuckled, as merry fellows will, when they think they have said or done a more than commonly good thing. Charles Dickens… Nicholas Nickleby -)With the preposition over + a noun, or a gerund, by which the cause of the joy is designated: I know he chuckles over having me at such a disadvantage. The Countryside magazine, vol. 30 Joe Duncombe was, to tell the truth, a little ashamed of his credulity on that occasion. He entertained no doubt that he had been victimized by a clever practical joke, and while he chuckled over the recollection that it had been an expensive jest to the perpetrator, who had lost a valuable gold coin by the transaction, he had no fancy for exposing himself to any further ridicule on the occasion. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Run to Earth a Novel -)-)With the preposition at + a noun, or a gerund, by which the cause of the joy is designated: Gashford, with many a sly look towards the bed, sat chuckling at his master's folly. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge Jeremiah chuckled at having forced her to adopt his phrase. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit [...] they chuckled inwardly at the idea of the workmen's discomfiture and defeat, in their attempt to alter one iota of what Thornton had decreed. Elizabeth Gaskell… North and South Corson chuckled at the thought of such easy money. Max ɒrand… Alcatraz […] my companions chuckled hugely at the success of their manoeuvre. Richard ɒurton… First footsteps in East Africa “ɒuenos días, Señor!” returned the captain, with so vile a pronunciation that Jack could scarcely repress a smile. He passed on unrecognized, and chuckled at having so completely deceived the worthy captain. Herbert Strang… The Light brigade in Spain Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watch's minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own powers - of my sagacity. I could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph. To think that there I was, opening the door, little by little, and he not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea; and perhaps he heard me; for he moved on the bed suddenly, as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back - but no. Edgar Poe -) With a verb in infinitive, by which the cause of the joy is designated :: "Good. It's English." He was pleased by every unlikeness to things American, by every item he could hail as characteristic; in the train to London he had laughed aloud with pleasure at the chequer-board of little fields upon the hills of Cheshire, he had chuckled to find himself in a compartment without a corridor… Herbert Wells… Mr. Britling… Next to Nicot, an old woman and a young virgin were muttering in earnest whispers, and the atheist painter chuckled inly to overhear their discourse. Edward Lytton… Zanoni -) -)With the preposition to + noun of the person to whom the chuckler signifies joy by a chuckle: […] Sarah ɒenson instantly chuckled to her daughters to attract their notice before Seph had passed the door to the men’s side. Emma Marshall… Life’s aftermath ɑpproaching the nest, [… Charley] gently lifted the crying infant from between its two screeching and somewhat pugnacious companions. The moment he had done so, the little innocent became quiet, and instantly recognising him, she held out her hands, and smiled and chuckled to him, at once oblivious of all her miseries. Thomas Lauder… Tales of the highlands The baby turned from his mother’s neck and held out his dainty hands with some friendly remarks in his own dialect. The man chuckled to him in an embarrassed [… manner], hesitated, and then accepted the child’s advances by holding out his hands awkwardly. The Reader: an illustrated monthly magazine, vol. 8 -) With reflexive pronoun: Maggie chuckled to herself over the gruesome remembrance. Lucy Montgomery… Chronicles of Avonlea Huish read the letter with the innocent joy of amateurs, chuckled […] to himself, and reopened it more than once after it was folded, to repeat the pleasure. R. Stevenson and Lloyde Osbourne… The Ebb-Tide The old man walked all around the big bell. Not a boy was to be seen. […] The boys chuckled to themselves as they watched the puzzled old man walking around the bell, again and again peering over the balustrade […] Noah ɒrooks… The boys of Fairport He chuckled to himself and rubbed his long, nervous hands together. ɑrthur Doyle… Sherlock Holmes -) -) With reciprocal meaning: The men on the doorsteps chuckled to each other and kept silence. William ɛohnson… Among French folk Transitively: to utter (a sound, interjection, etc.) while chuckling. "He! he! You are a funny one," chuckled the inspector. Arthur Doyle… Sherlock Holmes Harrigan chuckled his triumph and went on with the scrubbing of the bridge. Max ɒrand… Harrigan -) With the adverb out, in a pleonastic construction: […] papa chuckled out a horse laugh. The Keepsake He chuckled out a deep rumbling laugh of amusement. ɑnthony Hope… The Great Miss Driver Other English words derived from CHUCKLE: chuckler, chuckling, chucklingly. _clap_ Verb. Pronunciation: klæp. Etymology: from Middle English clappen. Preterite tense: clapped (klæpt) or clapt. Preterite participle: clapped or clapt. Present participle: clapping. Intransitively: 1. Rarely used: (of a thing) to cause a clap, clack, clatter or percussive noise. 2. Obsolete: to talk noisily; to chatter. 3. (Of a door or window) to shut with a clap or loud noise. Synonyms: to bang, slam. Translation: claquer, in French; cerrarse de golpe, in Spanish; essere sbattuta, in Italian. Within the house, windows clattered, and doors clapped. Walter Scott… Redgauntlet Well—I rang the bell at a little low side-door; it clanged and jingled and echoed for a long, long while, till at length a face, as of a housekeeper, peered through the door, and, as she saw my hand in my waistcoat pocket, opened it. Unhappy, lonely housekeeper, I thought. Is Miss Crusoe in her island more solitary? The door clapped to, and I was in Castle Carabas. William Thackeray… The Book of Snobs Before we could get to the end of the gallery, we heard the door of the great chamber clap behind us, but we did not dare turn back to see if the giant was following us Horace Walpole… The Castle of Otranto […] she rushed through the garden-gate. As it clapped behind her, she knew she was safe, and then fell insensible on the ground. Littell's Living Age 4. (Of a person) to strike the hands together in applause; to applaud. […] and the young mother in the orchestra leaned forward to nod her sympathy to me while she clapped. William Howells… Short Stories and Essays And raising his hands high, Fiorsen clapped and called out: "Brava!" ɛohn Galsworthy… Beyond Transitively: 1. a. To join or strike together (two bodies) with a clap or noise. b. To shut (a door or window), with a clap or noise; --sometimes with the adverb to, but now archaic. Translation: claquer, in French; cerrar de golpe, in Spanish; sbattere, in Italian. Synonyms: to bang, slam. "No," said Mr. Rogers, with a voice which had the flat, succinct sound of two pieces of wood clapped together. "Mrs. Rogers is still in Chicago." William Howells… The Rise of Silas Lapham [He] clapped his little door behind him, as if the unwonted spectacle were too much for his feelings. Charles Dickens… The Cricket on the Hearth I sprang up, seized the handle of the port-hole window, and tried to tighten it. In my ignorance and fright I turned it the wrong way; in poured the dirty water. There stood I, clapping the window to with all my might, but utterly unable either to fasten it or to hold it tight enough to keep out the water. Helen ɛackson… Glimpses of Three Coasts " My dearest father, it is I, your daughter." Manfred, stepping back hastily, cried, " Begone! I do not want a daughter ;"and, flinging back abruptly, clapped the door against the terrified Matilda. Horace Walpole… The Castle of Otranto 2. a. To strike (one’s hands) together so as to make an expressive or significative noise (in token of applause, delight, encouragement, etc.). b. To clap the hands in honour of (a person, a work, etc.); to manifest approbation of, by striking one’s hands together; to applaud. The aria was received with [… delight]; thrice he was obliged to repeat it. Even Corthell, who was critical to extremes, approved, nodding his head. Laura and Page clapped their hands till the very last. Frank Norris… The Pit I confess I was bewildered! But my astonishment was increased when my master walked into a saloon opposite to a large assembly, who clapped their hands at his appearance. ɑlfred Crowquill… A bundle of crowquills When they re-entered the parlour, the queen clapped her hands, and two female attendants entered. Walter Scott… Anne of Geierstein Phoebe clapped her hands with delight. Francis Underwood… Man proposes "O! I am so glad, so very glad," and I clapped my hands with joy; "is she very young, dear papa? and is she very, very pretty?" Marguerite ɒlessington… The Works of Lady Blessington Silas confounded himself in explanations and apologies; in the middle of these she looked up at the clock and clapped her hands together with a suppressed scream. "Heavens!" she cried, "is it so late? I have not an instant to lose. Alas, we poor women, what slaves we are! What have I not risked for you already?" Robert Stevenson… New Arabian Nights […] if they clap him, he does not stand still to enjoy their applause. Leigh Hunt… Critical Essays 3. To slap (a person) with the palm of the hand, in token of approbation or encouragement. Mason clapped him on the shoulder. "You're just the sort of a gent we need," he declared. Max ɒrand… The Rangeland Avenger They clap him on the back kindly enough when he returns, after shipwreck, with money in his pocket. William Thackeray… The Newcomes 4. To strike (a thing) with a flat surface, so as to smooth or flatten; --now rare. 5. Of a bird: to move (its wings), with a noise. Synonym: to flap. If the eagle appeared brisk, clapped her wings, and sported in the air. ɛohn Robinson… Archaeologia Graeca From the sound I thought it clapped its wings whilst settled on the ground, as well as whilst flying, but cannot be sure either of this or that it did settle. Zoologist 6. To cause to get into or be in some place or position, with promptness. Synonym: to apply, place, put, set. -) With the preposition on, upon, to, into, etc.: I was too frightened to say aught; but the Wagoner muttered something in the long man's ear, and gave him my bundle and money and the letter; and then I was clapped up on a pillion behind the long man, who had clomb up to the saddle of a vicious horse that went sideways. George Sala… Captain Dangerous Lady Berkeley after dinner clapped my hat on another lady’s head. ɛonathan Swift… The Journal to Stella Obenreizer clapped his hand on Vendale’s mouth and pointed to the track behind them. Charles Dickens and Wilkie Collins… No Thoroughfare […] with both hands clapped over his mouth. ɒ. ɒower… Skyrider And he clapped the parchment upon the table with a report that made every fibre in my frame quiver. William ɑinsworth… Mervyn Clitheroe He clapped his handkerchief upon her mouth. William Simms… Guy Rivers Then with a frightened gesture she clapped her hand upon her mouth. "You will say nothing of it, Herr Johann?" she pleaded. "It is a secret from all but a few." ɛoseph ɑltsheler… The Hosts of the Air He clapped his hand upon a little bell on the table and one of the stalwart, sunbrowned clerks entered. ɛoseph ɑltsheler… The Free Rangers His glasses were always in his pocket, and, remembering them now for the first time, he clapped them to his eyes. ɛoseph ɑltsheler… The Sun of Quebec True the door had closed upon Arizona, and the door was thick. But the moment Arizona had passed through the door, he clapped his ear to the keyhole and listened, holding his breath. Max ɒrand… The Rangeland Avenger -)-) Reflexively: He clapped himself down in an old arm-chair. William Howitt… The hall and the hamlet At last you rose up, and took a turn or two about the room; when, all of a sudden, and to my great surprise, you clapped yourself on my knee, threw your arms around my neck. David Hume… The Philosophical Works I would have gone directly out of the house, but she clapped herself before the door, and told me, I must first pay the bottle of wine I had the evening before Daniel Defoe… The Memoirs… -) Particularly: to put (someone) in prison, with promptitude; to imprison. Hence: to clap up: to imprison with little or no formality. For this the unreasonable villains clapped me into jail. Edgar Poe At first these rumours were disregarded as idle tales, wholly destitute of foundation, for nobody in Scotland-yard doubted that if the Lord Mayor contemplated any such dark design, he would just be clapped up in the Tower for a week or two, and then killed off for high treason. Charles Dickens… Sketches by Boz -) -) Jocosely: to clap eyes on: to get a sight of. As stout an old vagabond as I ever clapped eyes on. Charles Mackay… Longbeard 7. Metaphorically: to impose (writ, duty, name, etc.). 8. Metaphorical and archaic: to clap up: to make, or settle hastily (a match, agreement, etc.). Derived from the verb CLAP: clapper (noun, verb), clapping, clap (noun). _class_ Verb. Pronunciation: kl ːs, or klæs. Etymology: from the noun CLASS, and this one from Latin classis (= class). Preterite tense: classed. Preterite participle: classed. Present participle: classing Transitively: 1. a. To divide or distribute (a plurality of things) into classes, by designation. b. To divide or distribute (a plurality of things) into classes, by actual movement. Synonym: to classify. There are many mountains, indeed, which have not the smalles t appearance of being formed under the waters, and this fact causes an insurmountable difficulty in classing mountains. Richard Sulivan… A View of Nature 2. a. To designate (something or someone) as pertaining to a class; to assign to a class. b. To place (something or someone) among a group named class. Antonyms: disclass, declass. Translation: clasificar, in Spanish; classificare, in Italian; classer, in French. […] so many places of interest did I visit, that I might rather have been classed as a "commercial tourist" than as a commercial traveler. Clifford Beers… A Mind That Found Itself But I have already remarked that it is doubtful whether New Zealand and New Caledonia ought to be classed as oceanic islands. Charles Darwin… On the origin of species The term "barrier" has been generally applied to that vast reef which fronts the N.E. shore of Australia, and by most voyagers likewise to that on the western coast of New Caledonia. At one time I thought it convenient thus to restrict the term, but as these reefs are similar in structure, and in position relatively to the land, to those, which, like a wall with a deep moat within, encircle many smaller islands, I have classed them together. Charles Darwin… Coral reefs -) With the preposition under, to signify subordination to a noun that is designative of the class: Love, lust, […] harlotry, all words found in the dictionary, and all of which I suppose may be classed under the term erotic. Walter… My secret life If two species belonging to two distinct though allied genera, had both produced a large number of new and divergent forms, it is conceivable that these might approach each other so closely that they would have all to be classed under the same genus. Charles Darwin… On the origin of species -)-) With the preposition with, to signify a joining together of two or more beings of the same class: [The Lama] is used, in South America, for the same services which the Arabians impose upon on the camel, and is classed with that animal. ɒenjamin Silliman… A journal of travels in England… My partiality towards my sister Mary had not been unnoticed. Lucretia classed me with those whom she despised. Rachel Hunter… Lady Maclairn In deciding whether a bat should be classed with birds or beasts, we have to determine the nature of the beast and the true theory of his wings. Leslie Stephen… Hours in a library -) With the preposition among, to signify an assemblage of beings of the same class: […] it is that substances which have at one time been classed among plants, have at another time been classed among animals. Claudius Loudon… An encyclopedia of gardening This bird is of a brown colour […]. Some naturalists have classed it among the vultures, because its neck and head are bare of feathers. ɛohn ɒigland… A natural history of birds Intransitively: to be classed or grouped. The merit of every individual is to be estimated by a comparison with the genius under which it classes. The English Review, vol. 11 Derived from Latin classis: declassify, declassifiable, declassification, declassified, disclassify, classable, classed, classer, classic, classical, classicality, classicalize, classically, classicism, classicist, classicistic, classicize, classifiable, classific, classifically, classification, classificational, classificator, classificatory, classified, classifier, classify, classifying, classiness, classing, classless, classlessness, classmate, classy, unclassable, unclassed, unclassic, unclassical, unclassically, unclassifiable, unclassified. _cling_ Verb. Pronunciation: klɪŋ. Etymology: from Anglo-saxon clingan (= to adhere; to shrivel). Third-person singular simple present: she (he) clings. Preterite tense, preterite participle: clung. Present participle: clinging. Intransitively: 1. Obsolete and pristine uses: a. (Of clay, liquids, etc.) to become stiff, as on freezing, on congealing, or on drying. b. (Of animal or vegetable tissue) to shrink, or wither, as from heat, cold, etc. 2. (Of the molecules, or of the particles of a homogeneous body) to adhere to each other in cohesion; to be in cohesion. Synonyms: to cohere, join. Antonyms: to divide, disjoin, unfasten, disintegrate. Translation: cohesionarse, in Spanish; aderire, in Italian; adhérer, in French. -) With the preposition to + noun designative of the particle that is in cohesion: Cohesion is that property by which the particles of a body cling to each other. George Quackenbos… A natural philosophy Adhesion is the force with which two bodies of different kinds cling to each other when united; cohesion is that which unites the particles of a homogeneous body with each other. Thus, the particles which form a drop of water or quicksilver are united by cohesion; the particles of water which wet the surface of any body are united to it by adhesion. Thomas ɒrande… A dictionary of science… […] I know that, while one stone clings to another, it [the place] will be defended. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood -) With the adverb together, in a pleonastic construction: ɜnowing […] that any visible mass of matter is a collection of minute atoms, it may be asked by what cause they are made to cohere or cling together? Mechanic and engineer’s magazine, vol. 1 [Atoms] by mutual attraction, cohere or cling together in masses of various form and magnitude. Neil ɑrnott… Elements of physics The dust, grains, or atoms, in all varieties of shape and size, adhere or cling together by a power called attraction. Jabez Hogg… Elements… 3. a. (Of an unanimated body) to adhere accidentally to another; this is, to become in accidental apposition with another; to become in superficial contact. b. (of unanimated bodies) to become accidentally juxtaposed. The farther business of the hemp-dresser need only be an easy beating of the hemp, and that chiefly to separate the fibres that may have clung together in the drying. The complete Farmer M. Donny has proved that, if water be thoroughly purged of its air, a long glass tube filled with this liquid may be inverted, while the tenacity with which the water clings to the tube, and with which its particles cling to each other, is so great that it will remain securely suspended, though no external hindrance be offered to its descent. John Tyndall… The Glaciers of the Alps All that week it was hard weather. The grass showed white in the morning with the hoar-frost which clung like tiny comfits to every blade. George MacDonald… At the Back of the North Wind By the river-side we see pieces of straw, chips, and other light bodies, clinging to each other, whirling in the eddies, and keeping on their journey together. ɛabez Hogg… Elements… Not a word could he utter, for his tongue, in its fright, clung with terror to his upper jaw. Frederick Marryat… Olla Podrida 4. (Of a part of the animal or vegetable body) to be in natural adherence to another; this is, to be naturally continuous to each other. Synonyms: to cohere, join. Antonyms: to divide, disjoin, disintegrate. He examined the skulls; but the hair, portions of which clung to nearly all of them, was in every case that of an Indian. Francis Parkman… France and England… Human beings were seated there, whose matted hair clung round their tired faces. ɛohn Galsworthy… Fraternity It was almost a skeleton-hand; but the black and rotting flesh still clung to it, and the fibres were not so far decomposed as to cease to hold the joints of the fingers together. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London […] a few straggling leaves, withered up by the nipping air, still clung to tree and coppice. G. J. Whyte-Melville… Holmby house ɑmong the bare trees, the fig occupies a conspicuous place. […] Their old leaves cling to them almost until they [… leaf again] in spring. ɛohn Dix… A winter in Madeira… […] some apples cling to the tree until they rot. Pennsylvania farmer and gardener I believe that the stems of the arums are properly creepers, that cling to the tree like ivy. Charles Mansfield… Paraguay, Brazil, and the Plate The apples that are not ripe cling to the tree. ɛacob ɑbbott… Learning about common things When they issued from the stunted woods which clung to the barren sides of the mountain, upon a flat and mossy rock that formed its summit, they met the morning. James Cooper… The last of the Mohicans 4. (Of skin) to become continuous to a bone as the result of losing muscle. When this disease has been properly treated, and apparently subdued, this horse cannot be quickly and summarily dismissed to his work. He is sadly emaciated […] his skin clings to his ribs. William Youatt… The horse The consequences of premature calving are frequently of a very serious nature. If the cow does not die, her recovery is much slower than after the natural parturitio n or calving. The coat continues rough and staring for a long time —the skin clings to the ribs. ɛoseph Rogerson… The Farmer’s Magazine 5. a. (Of an animated being) to adhere to someone or something, by using a prehensile organ, so tenaciously as to prevent oneself from falling, from being driven, etc.; or so caressingly as to imply love, sexual desire, etc.; or so despondently as to imply the request of protection. b. (Of a crawler) to adhere to the surface of something or someone, either to locomote over it, or to wait there. Translation: asirse (de), in Spanish; attaccarsi (a), in Italian; s’accrocher (à), in French. Antonyms: to detach, become disconnected. Synonym: to attach oneself. The falcon, […] flies to the animal, that, knowing its danger, endeavours, but too late, to escape. The falcon soon coming up with its prey, fixes its talons, one into the animal’s cheek, the other in its throat […]. The falcon clings with the utmost perseverance, nor ever leaves its prey till it falls. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth… [Charles] tried to force himself between the two females, who clung close together, to baffle his purpose. Hannah ɛones… The Gipsy Mother A sudden shout went round the wall. It was echoed from side to side, from quarter to quarter. It startled every sleeper, even to the babe on its mother's breast. All knew that there was some fearful danger […]. Little boys and girls sprang up in their night clothes, and clung round their parents. Martha Sleeper… Pictures from the History of the Swiss -) With the preposition about (or round) + the thing or animated body whose periphery the clinger is reaching: The good woman […] was weeping […], when she started up with a scream, and ran behind her husband. Her cry was so terrified, that the children started from their sleep and from their beds, and clung about her. Charles Dickens… The Haunted Man… […] his mother and sisters clung about his neck, and, kissing him tenderly, cried and sobbed aloud. Thomas ɛacobs… Adventures in the Pacific Ocean It was a sparkling, frosty, starlight night, and the mother wrapped the shawl close round her child, as, perfectly quiet with vague terror, he clung round her neck. Harriet Stowe… Uncle Tom’s Cabin -) With the preposition to (to imply idea of contact by means of the one of direction) before the thing or animated body that is in contact with the clinger: […] with a startled and ghastly consciousuess, they recognized each other. The wife staggered, and clung to a post for support. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Paul Clifford Luca di Savelli clung to a column for support,—and the rest of the attendants seemed grave and surprised. Edward ɒulwer Lytton… Rienzi Hundreds leaped from the burning wreck into the waters. Mothers were seen standing on the guards with hair dishevelled, praying for help. The dear little innocents clung to the side of their mothers and with their tiny hands beat away the burning flames. Frederick Marryat… Diary in America For the moment Luke could not realize the truth of what he saw. Either, he told himself, it was some mistake, or his eyes deceived him, and he had not seen Sage Portlock -the woman who had promised to be his wife- half embraced by Cyril Mallow, to whom she seemed to cling. Forester Fitz-David… Alice Littleton Almost instinctively Margaret clung to Norfolk for protection; and the latter, grasping her in his arms, rushed with her to the edge of the platform. Hannah ɛones… The Scottish Chieftains Jakie clung to whoever happened to be within reach and mixed the Englis h language unmercifully. ɒertha ɒower… The Happy Family The young sloth, from tlhe moment of its birth, clings to the body of its parent until it gains sufficient size and strength to shift for itself. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth… The remainder of the crew rose to the surface and clung to the side of the boat. Frederick Marryat… Jacob Faithful Philip knew that now his only chance was to remain with the vessel, and attempt to save himself upon some fragment of the wreck. That the ship would long hold together he felt was impossible; already she had parted her upper decks, and each shock of the waves divided her more and more. At last, as he clung to the mast, he heard a noise abaft, and he then recollected that Mynheer Von Stroom was still in his cabin. Frederick Marryat… The Phantom Ship At length he regained the boat, but the savages clung to the gunwales with so much tenacity, that it was almost impossible to shove her off amid the mob. Thomas ɛacobs… Adventures in the Pacific Ocean The woodpeckers flew from tree to tree, or clung to the rails of the fences. Frederick Marryat… The Settlers in Canada Only two men floated. They both clung to the main yard of the ship, which had broken from the mast, and now supported them. Charles Dickens… A Child’s History of England Still I clung to the rope with the force of a drowning man, and Mr. Turnbull did the same to me, and we shortly made our appearance at the hole in which we had been plunged. Frederick Marryat… Jacob Faithful [The Carolina Parrots] are particularly attached to the large sycamores, in the hollow of the trunks and branches of which they generally roost, thirty or forty, and sometimes more, entering at the same hole. Here they cling close to the sides of the tree, holding fast by the claws and also by the bills. Alexander Wilson… American ornithology ɑll along the swampy banks of the river Niger […], where the sun is hot, the forests thick, and the men but few, the serpents cling among the branches of the trees […] Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth [The oran-outang] keep clung to the breast [of its mother], and adhere both with legs and arms. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth… Another five-pound note was taken from the pocket-book, and transferred to the hand of the poor but tender-hearted mother. The children clung to Richard's knees, and poured forth their gratitude in tears. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London -) Reciprocally: They clung to each other like two children who have been frightened by a nightmare. Alice Miller, in The Sturdy Oak [The bats] are there in such numbers, that, when they fly, they obscure the setting sun. In the morning, at peep of day, they are seen sticking upon the tops of the trees, and clinging to each other, like bees when they swarm. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth… -) With the preposition by + noun of the prehensile organ, or of the hold: ɑ very beautiful male [bird] was brought me this season, […] which I put into a wire cage, and placed in a retired shaded part of the room. After fluttering about for some time, the weather being uncommonly cool, it clung by the wires, and hung in a seemingly torpid state for a whole forenoon. Alexander Wilson… American Ornithology [These insects] clung by their hinder feet to some bush, twig, or corner of a stone. William Kirby – W. Spence… Entomology A chamaleon was brought to us. It had been in confinement for two months, tied to a stick, about which it clung by the feet and tail, and remained, day and night, without motion. ɛames Montgomery… Journal of voyages and travels Ruthven now drew his dagger, and calling out that their business was with Riccio, made an effort to seize him; whilst this miserable victim, springing behind the queen, clung by her gown. Patrick Tytler… History of Scotland Arthur was making his way down, his face to the cliff, to which he clung by both hands, grasping the tufts of grass and seizing hold of bits of rock as he went. Mrs H. Lovett Cameron… The mystery at Shoncliff school I managed with great difficulty to set my foot on this, snatched at, and caught hold of, the top of the rock with the ends of my fingers […] —with strength more than natural I clung by my hands alone. Charles ɛohns… A week at the Lizard The earth-worm […], in order to move forward, lengthens the body; then, by the forepart clings to the ground where it has reached, and then contracts and brings up its rear. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth An immense casuarina tree far out-topped the rest, and its branches were loaded with a vast number of blackish [… beings], which we took for crows at a distance, but which proved to be bats when we came nearer. They clung to the twigs by the hooked claws, which are at the extremity of their webbed fingers and toes; sometimes they hung with the head downwards, and sometimes the reverse. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels -) With the preposition with + noun of the prehensile organ: The Australian opossum is a marsupial quadruped, living in trees and feeding on insects, eggs, and fruits. Its body is about twenty-five inches in length, besides which it has a long prehensile tail, with which it clings to the branches of the trees in which it lives. Samuel Smiles… A Boy's Voyage Round the World I was dreadfully frightened, and so giddy that I clung to him with both hands. Charles Dickens… Great expectations 6. (Of a garment) to fit closely the wearer because it is not large enough, or because it is wet. -) With the preposition about, or with to, before the noun of the person wearing the garment: The air was cold and frosty, and their wet garments clung to them like ice. Allan Pinkerton… The Spy of the Rebellion The frock was of light silk, and clung to her with wet, and her feet were protected merely by thin slippers. Emily ɒronte… Wuthering Heights Townshead assisted them to unpack the hamper, and while they were busy over it his daughter came in. It was apparently raining, for the thin white dress clung about her, and she seemed very white and weary. Harold Bindloss (Alton of Somasco) Silverdale stood still, and Maud Barrington smiled curiously as she glanced down at the long white robe that clung very daintily about her and then towards her companions in the tennis field. Harold Bindloss… Winston of the Prairie 7. (Of a plant) to adhere to the surface of anything (a wall, another plant, etc.) while extending in its growth. They found wild grapes, […] in the woods, and gathered them by cutting down the trees to which the vines clung. Francis Parkman… France and England… The vegetation was thick by the river bank. Great plants, as yet unnamed, grew among the roots of the big trees, […]. Many flowers and a creeper with shiny foliage clung to the exposed stems. Herbert Wells… The Treasure in the Forest The rose and honeysuckle clung to the cottage walls; the ivy crept round the trunks of the trees; and the garden-flowers perfumed the air with delicious odours. Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist 8. Metaphorical: a. (The subject: something incorporeal) to be, become, or continue to be, related to something else or someone, as if in adherence. b. (The subject: a person) to continue to do something incorporeal (as a practice, an use, etc.), as if one were applied to it. I could not shake off the bodement ; it clung upon me like a cold waxen windingsheet, until I could see nothing but dangers in our sailing. ɛohn Galt… Lawrie Todd He felt that nothing could ever make him care for anyone but her; he clung to her remembrance as a faithful mastiff would to that of an absent master. T. Gwynne… The school for fathers Every where there is a class of men who cling with fondness to whatever is ancient. Thomas Macaulay… History of England Transitively: (it is rarely used) to cause (something) to cling to something else. Synonym: to fasten. […] although I made use of his tail for a bridle, holding it fast with both my hands, and clung my legs as close to his sides as I could, yet we both came down together into the middle of the kennel. ɛonathan Swift… The Prose Works Elthrida recovered her consciousness, and rushed towards Albert, who clung his left arm as fast as a bar of gold round her waist. The Olio, or, Museum of entertainment, vol. 11 Other English words derived from CLING: clinger, cling (noun), clinginess, clinging (noun, adj.), clingingly, clingingness, clingy, uncling. _coital_ Adjective. Pronunciation: kəʊɪtəl Etymology: from coitus suffixed with -al. It is etymologically and semantically identica l with Italian coitale, Spanish coital, and French coïtal. Coitus is the participle of Latin coire (= to go together), composed with co- (instead of cum = with) and ire (= go). Definition: relating to, or caused by, coitus. The majority of sex offenders that hanker for some throbbing, sweet-moaning, physical but not necessarily coital, relation with a girl-child, are innocuo us, inadequate, passive, timid strangers… Vladimir Nabokov… Lolita […] a faked coital orgasm. ɛames ɒurt… Women’s Future Health Care Coital Techniques in Marriage Alfred Kinsey – Wardell Pomeroy… Sexual Behavior… […] variation in coital positions. Alfred Kinsey – Wardell Pomeroy… Sexual Behavior… They found orgasms from coitus to be less intense than orgasms from noncoital means. This finding was validated by Hite […], who found the clitora lly stimulated orgasm to be more intense than the orgasm from coitus. Hite also found the coital orgasm to be more diffused throughout the body than was the locally intense clitoral orgasm. Jerrold Greenberg – Sarah Conklin… Human Sexuality Other English words derived from, or composed with, roots of Latin ire are listed in this dictionary under the entry COITION. _collapse_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: kəlæps. Etymology: from Latin collapsus, preterite participle of collabi (= to fall together, to collapse), analysed into co- (= together) + labi (= to fall). It is etymologically and semantically identical with Spanish colapsar, and Italian collassare. Third-person singular simple present: she/he collapses. Preterite tense, preterite participle: collapsed. Present participle: collapsing. Intransitively: 1. Literal definition: (it is referred either to the parts of a body or to the body itself) to fall together or simultaneously, as a result of loss of support or rigidity (the connotation is the one of disintegration or destruction). Translation: tomber simultanément, in French. […] in four minutes the explosion took place, the house was destroyed, the roof blown up, the walls collapsed. Journal of the royal artillery, vol. 1 With the destruction of the enormous abbey the whole place collapsed in a general ruin. Thomas Hardy… Jude the obscure [Cushion:] [a.] A stone placed upon the impost of a pier for receiving the first stone of an arch. […] [b.] The word is also used for the part of the Ionic capital between the abacus and quarter round,[…], and it is in the capital thus called because its appearance is that of a cushion or pillow seemingly collapsed by the weight over it. Joseph Gwilt… Architecture Gloss. -) With the preposition into + the noun of the place where the collapsed thing is to be found after the fall: There was no water in the fire hydrants, so that by the time the firemen reached another water source, the roof had collapsed into the fifth floor, and that in turn had collapsed into the fourth floor. New York Magazine, Jul. 1972 -) With the preposition under + noun of the thing whose weight causes the collapse: The bridge lasted only a few months and collapsed under the weight of snow and ice. Frank Stahl – C. Gagnon… Cable corrosion in bridges… Once the chemical attack had taken place, ettringite crystals formed in the concrete disrupting its structure and reducing its load bearing capacity so much that one beam in the roof collapsed under its own weight. New Scientist, Jul. 1974 2. (Used with less property than the preceding acceptation) to change into a flattened form; to shrink into a smaller volume; contract. (The connotation is the one of change without disintegration). […] the balloon has collapsed, and we shall have a tumble into the sea. Edgar Poe 3. (It is referred to a collapsible device, as an umbrella) to fold; to fold up; to become folded; to be reduced to a compact form by folding. Antonym: to expand. The construction of common umbrellas, and the contrivances by which they are made to expand or collapse at pleasure, are too familiar known to need description. George Long… Penny cyclopaedia… 4. Metaphorical acceptation: (of an animated being) to fall, sit, lean or recline, as if by loss of rigidity. Antonym: to stand. Every morning I "go in" at these marks for two or three hours, and then collapse and do nothing whatever (counting as nothing much cricket and rounders). Charles Dickens… The Letters… Emelene shuffled uneasily, half rose, and collapsed helplessly back on the cushions, like a baby who has encountered the resistance of his buggy strap. Samuel Merwin… The Sturdy Oak He had ceased to speak to Belsky; he collapsed into a chair, and hid his face in his arms stretched out on the table before him. William Howells… Ragged Lady 5. Metaphorical acceptation: to discourage oneself 6. Metaphorical acceptation: to cease, discontinue, or lose value, virtue or force, as if by collapse or fall; to change into something less than it was. Her defensive manner collapsed. Thomas Hardy… Jude the obscure -) With the preposition into (or to) + noun of the thing resulting from the cessation, discontinuance, change, etc: Had I not been very sea-sick, the sight would have been exciting enough, as I sat wrapped in my oilskins on the bridge; [but] in spite of all my efforts to talk, to eat, and to grin, I soon collapsed into imbecility. Robert Stevenson… Memoir… The light […] collapsed into a small globule, exceedingly brilliant […], rested a moment on a bed in the corner, quivered, and vanished. Charles Dickens… The Haunted House His own periodical, 'Every Saturday', was first enlarged to a stately quarto and illustrated; and then, under stress of the calamities following the great Boston fire, It collapsed to its former size. William Howells… Literary Boston […] the habitual sternness of feature which rendered him a terror to the people, had collapsed into feebleness. George Croly… Salathiel Transitively: 1. Literal definition: to cause to collapse. […] as if someone collapsed the walls to seal off what lay beyond. Philip Imbrogno… Files from the Edge 2. To make collapse (a collapsible device, as an umbrella); this is, to make contract. Antonyms: to reopen, open, inflate, spread. A bus pulled up. The driver opened the door, yelled something in French, then drove away. Half the students had collapsed their umbrellas expecting to get on. They reopened them. ɜaren ɒass… Run… Far back on the west end of the northern chain of hills a Mexican collapsed his telescope, hazarded a long-range shot at the hard-riding Charley. Clarence Mulford… The Bar 20 Three This fan-parasol or sun-shade is constructed with a framework of rods or arms, so arranged that by means of levers, slides, springs, or other contrivances, the shade may be spread or opened, or may be collapsed or closed at pleasure. The Mechanics’ magazine, vol. 61 -) With the preposition into + noun of the thing resulting from the contraction: So compact that it can be collapsed into a small bundle for the auto running board, a folding boat is made of mahogany pieces joined by waterproof canvas and can be put together in less than two minutes. Popular Mechanics, Oct. 1928 The string-of-beads method produces a single large polygon that must be collapsed into the base. Robert Lang… Origami design secrets 3. (Somewhat improper use) to shrink anything, even if it is not collapsible. In a Windows interface the window can be collapsed into a small icon, usually in the task bar, by clicking a “Minimise” button, typically located in the title bar. Richard Fisher… Information technology… When used, they [globes] are inflated with air; and when collapsed, may be folded in so small a compass as to be no incumbrance under any circumstances. The Mechanics’ magazine, vol. 65 4. Metaphorical definition: to make fall, sit, or lie, as if by loss of rigidity. […] he collapsed her onto the bed as he came, filling her convulsing wet channel with his cum. ɑlessia ɒrio… Coming Together Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of Latin labi: collapsable, collapsible, collapse (noun), collapsed, collapsibility, collapsible, collapsing, labile, lability, labilize, labilizing, labilization, labilizer, lapsable, lapsible, lapse (noun, verb), lapsed, lapser, preterlabent, preterlapsed, elapse, elapsing, elapsed, illapse (noun, verb), illapsing, illapsable, prolapse, relapse (noun, verb), relapsed, relapser, relapsing. _collude_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: kəl(j)uːd. Third-person singular simple present: she/he colludes. Preterite tense, preterite participle: colluded. Present participle: colluding. Etymology: from Latin colludere (= to play with someone else, act collusively), from col- + ludere (= to play). It is etymologically and semantically identical with Italian colludere and Spanish coludir. Intransitively: 1. To act in secret conspiracy, connivance or concert with someone; this is, to contract a collusion; to associate in order either to do or forbear something that is to be secret, as if it was about a mere play. Synonyms: to conspire, plot, connive. Translation: comploter, in French. Had Max's mind not been wholly preoccupied by one subject, his suspicions must now have been fully aroused, that the occupants of the mansion were quietly colluding in the escape of the prisoner. Charles Hoffman… Greyslaer -) With the preposition with + noun of one of the colluders: So this friend of Caroline’s… this pompous little weasel… had colluded with her father to make her have the abortion? Maggie Cox… The Pregnancy Secret Transitively: to do (something) by collusion. Obsolete acceptation. Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of Latin ludere: deludable, delude, deluded, deludedly, deluder, deluding, deludingly, delusion, delusional, delusionist, delusive, delusively, delusiveness, delusory, undeludable, undelude, undeluded, undelusive, allude, alluded, alluding, allusion, allusive, allusively, allusiveness, colluding, colluder, collusion, collusive, collusively, elude, eluded, eluding, eluder, eludible, elusion, elusive, elusively, elusiveness, elusory, ineludible, ineludibly, illude, illuded, illuding, illuder, illusible, illusion, illusionless, illusionable, illusional, illusionary, illusioned, illusionism, illusionist, illusionistic, illusive, illusively, illusiveness, illusor, illusory, illusorily, illusoriness, disillusion (noun, verb), disillusioned, disillusioning, disillusioner, disillusionist, disillusionary, disillusionize, disillusionizing, disillusionizer, disillusionment, disillusive, ludibrious, ludic, ludicrosity, ludicrous, ludicrously, ludicrousness, ludification, lusory, prelude (noun, verb), preluding, preluder, preludingly, preludial, prelusion, prelusive, prelusively, prelusory, prelusorily, prolusion, prolusionize, prolusory. _compel_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: kəmp l. Etymology: from Old French compeller (= to compel), from Latin compellere (= to drive together, to compel, urge), from com- (= together) + pellere (= to drive). Preterite tense: compelled. Preterite participle : compelled. Present participle: compelling. Transitively: 1. (The subject is someone or something) to incite compulsively (someone) to do something; to force by compulsion. Synonyms: to constrain, necessitate, urge, force, oblige, coerce. Antonyms: to dissuade, stop, repress, restrain, discourage. Translation: contraindre, in French; compeler, in Spanish; costringere, in Italian. -) With the preposition to + an infinitive: […] she continued to weep until the entrance of her father and Earl Raeburn compelled her to retreat to her own room, whither I accompanied her. Hannah ɛones… The Gipsy Mother My head became giddy, and I was compelled to lie down. ɛohn Frost… The panorama of nations "A moment, friends," said Gerard, "with your leave;" and he accompanied his daughter into the house. He would have stopped in the hall, but she walked on to their room, and Gerard, […] was compelled to follow her. ɒenjamin Disraeli… Sybil -) With the preposition to (into) + noun: The younger ladies of the house of Gaunt were also compelled into submission. William Thackeray… Vanity Fair The citizens, after a little, began to perceive that lord Thomas was not sincerely supported by his men, who had been most of them compelled into the service. ɛames Wills… Distinguished Irishmen For almost the first time in her life she felt the charming sensation […] of being compelled into an opinion by a man she loved. Thomas Hardy… Desperate Remedies […] force it to be still—compel it into peace! Ellen Pickering… The Squire Let us contemplate facts; let us, in the great study of ourselves, resolutely compel the mind to a rigid consideration of itself. Percy Shelley… A Defence of Poetry and Other Essays We could never perceive that she suspected us of being her persecutors; and her simplicity, whether real or affected, compelled us to a caution and respect […] Mary ɒrunton… Discipline Despite the ascent, Merlin never slackened his pace, but, though his master would have restrained him, held on as before. But the brow of the hill attained, Richard compelled him to a brief halt. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches 2. Obsolete acceptation: (the subject is someone) to get or take by force or violence. 3. (The subject is someone or something) to cause (an action) by compulsion or force; to impose (a conduct); to occasion forcibly. Synonyms: to enforce, constrain. Not even the power of the President, with the standing army at his command, was able to compel submission. The New Englander, vol. 15 There was a harmony between his thought and its expression, that won attention and compelled admiration. Charles March… Webster… 4. Latinism: (the subject is someone or something): to drive together; to drive forcibly. In the meanwhile, the more distinguished persons of each train followed their patrons into the lofty halls and ante-chambers of the royal Palace, flowing on in the same current, like two streams which are compelled into the same channel, yet shun to mix their waters. Walter Scott… Kenilworth Intransitively: to exert compulsion. English words derived from the verb COMPEL: compellability, compellable, compellably, compellation, compellative, compelled, compellent, compeller, compelling, compellingly, uncompellable. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin pellere, see COMPULSION. _congenial_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: kəndʒiːnɪəl. Etymology: it is analysed into Latin con- (= together) + English word GENIAL, which is derived from Latin genius (= genius), and this one, from gignere (= to beget). 1. (Of a person, or of his temperament, genius, etc.) having congeniality with another; (of two or more persons, or another animals) having similar geniuses or temperaments; -with the preposition to, or with, followed by a noun. Translation: congenial, in Spanish; congeniale, in Italian; congénial, in French. Antonym: uncongenial. Synonym: sympathetic. There is but one of my neighbors, whose temper I find at all congenial to my own. Henry Mackenzie… Miscellaneous works A husband whose mode of thinking is congenial to my own. ɑnthony Trollope… Can You Forgive Her? I love her, because she has feelings congenial with my own. ɛames Cooper… Tales for Fifteen Although I cannot keep up correspondences with many of my readers who seem to be thoroughly congenial with myself, let them be assured that their letters have been read or heard with peculiar gratification, and are preserved as precious treasures. Oliver Holmes… Over the Teacups [He had] no feeling or sentiment congenial with my own. Catherine Embury… Glimpses of Home Life My own disposition, at this period, to silence and retirement, was too congenial with the taciturn habits of my hosts to be by them counteracted, and they suffered me, therefore, to return to my home as I had quitted it, with a mere usual and civil salutation. Frances ɒurney… Letters of Madame D'Arblay She was always of a melancholy and despondent temper; perhaps, for that reason, she was more congenial to my own. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Pelham The mule performs in Spain the functions of the camel in the East, and has something in his morale (besides his physical suitableness to the country) which is congenial to the character of his masters. Richard Ford… Gatherings from Spain -) Metaphorically: (of two or more things). The soil and climate are congenial. U. Hedrick… The Pears of New York Brideoake repaired daily to the public library, […] to read during the intervals of school hours. The reading-room was most congenial to study. William ɑinsworth… Mervyn Clitheroe This Italian adventure seemed congenial with the romantic mystery in which the poet had involved the progress of his passion for his poetic mistress. Isaac Disraeli… Amenities of Literature 2. (Of something) suited or agreeable to one’s genius or temperament; --with the preposition to, followed by a noun. Antonym: uncongenial. An incredulous smile played for a second upon the lips of the outlaw, succeeded quickly, however, by the savage expression, which, from being that most congenial to his feelings, had become that most habitual to his face. William Simms… Guy Rivers Solitude was congenial to herself, she [… liked] to be alone. Thomas Speight… Under lock and key […] a mysterious sympathy seemed to render silence and sorrow congenial to me. Marguerite ɒlessington… The Works Peril and adventure are congenial to his nature. Washington Irving… The Sketch Book… On the first of January, 1862, after an experience of about five years, I retired from the selling of clothing, which was never congenial to me. Harris Newmark… Sixty Years in Southern California Other English words derived from congenial: congeniality, congenialize (rare), congenially, uncongenial, uncongeniality. To learn or remember other words derived from latin gignere, see CONGENIALITY. _consultee_ Noun. Plural: consultees. Pronunciation and accent: k nsʌltiː. Etymology: from the verb CONSULT, suffixed with -ee. Definition: a person consulted. Correlative words: consulter, consutant. Translation: persona consultada, in Spanish; persona consultata, in Italian; personne consultée, in French. My two consultees reddened with indignation at the personal insolence to myself. Harriet Martineau… Autobiography The storm cleared before sunrise, and, after despatching a crowd of medical consultees, we could enjoy a bath, al fresco, in the pools left by the last night’s rain. Henry Tristram… The Land of Moab The English verb consult is from the Latin consultare, which is a frequentative of consulere. Other English words composed with, or derived from, stems of Latin consulere: consult (verb, noun), consultable, consultancy, consultant, consultation, consultative, consultatory, consulted, consulter, consulting, consultrix, counsel (noun, verb), counsellable, counselled, counsellee, counselless, counseling, counselor, counsellorship, unconsulted, unconsultable, unconsulting, inconsultable, jurisconsult. _correspond_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: k rɪsp nd. Etymology: from Medieval Latin correspondēre, from cor- (= com-, together, with each other) + respondēre (= to answer), which is analysed into re- + spondēre (= to pledge, promise.) The French correspondre, the Italian corrispondere, and the Spanish corresponder, are from the same origin. Preterite tense: corresponded. Preterite participle: corresponded. Present participle: corresponding. Intransitively: 1. (Of two or more things) to be coincident or corresponding in quality; to have mutual correspondence or likeness; to coincide in quality. (Of a thing) to be congruous with; to be in harmony with; to be like; as, the result corresponds with the expectation; this is, the result is LIKE the expectation. Synonyms: to suit, coincide. Emerging from this shadow, with his long peculiar step, I saw approaching me the identical Spaniard whose malign expression of countenance and general appearance, had so strongly attracted my attention at the Water-port. That it was the same I could not doubt, for his height, his dress, his air, all corresponded exactly. The Republic of Letters, by A. Whitelaw, vol. IV A complete female dress had been made ready as a present for me; being of the materials and construction already described, with an appearance of unusual care in adjusting the symmetry of the skins, so that the colours should correspond on each side; while there was a fringe below, and a border of white round the hood and the openings for the arms. ɛohn Ross… in Search of a North-west Passage -) With the preposition with, or to, + a noun, by which the correspondent is designated: The American conducted me to a handsome house which was not far distant. When I had light to examine the appearance of this stranger, I was pleased to find that it perfectly corresponded with the idea I had formed of his character. The Philadelphia Visitor, vol. 6 The result entirely corresponded to my expectation. The Chemical Gazette, vol. 8 The seventh apartment was closely shrouded in black velvet tapestries that hung all over the ceiling and down the walls, falling in heavy folds upon a carpet of the same material and hue. But in this chamber only, the color of the windows failed to correspond with the decorations. The panes here were scarlet — a deep blood color. Edgar Poe Travel, according to my experience, does not exactly correspond to the idea one gets of it out of most books of travels. Oliver Holmes… The autocrat of the breakfast He acted, at the same time, in the capacity of a commander, and subjected himself to all the privations and hardships of the meanest soldier; his dress always corresponded with that of his companions in arms; his food was the same as theirs. Georges Flinter… Revolution of Caracas 2. (Of two or more things) to be coincident or corresponding in function; to be equivalent, though differently named; to have mutual correspondence or likeness in value. (Of a thing) to be comparable to another, as for its function or value. […] an executive council, corresponding to our ministry. The Monthly Magazine, vol. 25 […] it may be observed that in Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese, as well as in some other languages, both ancient and modern, there is no word corresponding to our a or an. William ɒanks… The English Master In many languages adjectives have a peculiarity of termination corresponding to that of the number, gender, or case of the noun to which they are joined. William ɒanks… The English Master 3. (Of two or more things) to be coincident or corresponding in position; to have mutual correspondence or likeness in fitness, amount, shape, etc. (Of a thing) to be equal to another in size, number, etc. But the days in summer, and the nights in winter, are just as long in Liverpool as at Cape Horn; for the latitude of the two places very nearly corresponds. Herman Melville… Redburn The central part may be square or poligonal, and the surrounding pieces so formed as to fit the angles of the centre part, and correspond exactly to each other when combined. William Newton… Newton's London Journal of Arts I make the said cylinder of two copper tubes, an inner and an outer one; the internal diameter of the outermost tube must be made to correspond with the exterior diameter of the inner tube. William Newton… Newton's London Journal of Arts […] the stone segments are also to be chiselled so as to correspond with exactness to each other as to their contiguous edges, and also to the inner surface of the shell when placed contiguously side by side as a lining of the same. Newton's London ɛournal… These changes were called temperaments, and were sanguineous, phlegmatic, bilious, or melancholic, according to the humour that predominated at the time; and were limited to four, in order to correspond with the four elements. ɛohn ɒarclay… Course of Anatomy Having thus inserted a portion of the cloth forming the upper part of the bag, I refastened the loops — not to the hoop, for that would have been impossible, since the cloth now intervened, — but to a series of large buttons, affixed to the cloth itself, about three feet below the mouth of the bag — the intervals between the buttons having been made to correspond to the intervals between the loops. Edgar Poe Had M. Beauvais, in his search for the body of Marie, discovered a corpse corresponding in general size and appearance to the missing girl, he would have been warranted (without reference to the question of habiliment at all) in forming an opinion that his search had been successful. Edgar Poe The window-sill corresponded to the thickness of the adobe wall, and was therefore about three feet deep. Harris Newmark… Sixty Years in Southern California 4. (Of a person): a. To respond reciprocally; --obsolete. b. To have mutual communication or intercourse with another; --obsolete. 5. Particularly: (of a person) to communicate with another by sending and receiving letters. (Of two or more persons) to have mutual communication by sending and receiving letters. Pattmore then returned to Greenville, and soon afterward his wife died. He had visited her only once since that time, but they corresponded regularly. ɑllan Pinkerton… The Somnambulist and the Detective When he at length took leave of Madam von Kalb, it appears to have been with the understanding that they were to continue to correspond; and, shortly after his return to Hof, he received the following letter. The Irish Metropolitan Magazine, vol. III Mrs. Holmes and Aunt Ruth corresponded irregularly. Letters had probably been interchanged half a dozen times since I came to the Parsonage. Virginia Townsend… While it was Morning -) With the preposition with + noun of the correspondent: During his absences, all the children who could write corresponded with him. Sarah Randolph… Thomas Jefferson You have my authority to correspond with me on the subject. The Lancet London, vol. 2 To learn or remember other words derived from Latin spondēre, see SPOUSE. Words derived from correspond: correspondence, correspondent, correspondentia l, correspondentially, correspondently, correspondentship, corresponder, corresponding, correspondingly, uncorrespondency, uncorrespondent, uncorresponding. _cram_ Verb. Pronunciation: kræm. Etymology: from Old English crammian, with the original meaning of “to press close together”. Third-person singular simple present: crams. Preterite tense, preterite participle: crammed. Present participle: cramming. Transitively: 1. To fill (a receptacle) with something that is forced, compressed or improperly put. Synonym: to stuff. Translation: henchir, in Spanish; remplir, in French; stipare, in Italian. Although the charge for admission was a hundred dollars, the hall where she appeared was always crammed to the doors. Horace Wyndham… The Magnificent Montez -) With the preposition with + a noun (what is forced, compressed or improperly put): My pockets are crammed with spectacles. ɑnthony Trollope… The Last Chronicle of Barset […] special trains were arriving crammed with the homeless burghers. Arthur Doyle… The Great Boer War […] the king of ɒengal, with a powerful fleet and army, invaded the Maldives, conquered and killed their king, ransacked and plundered the islands, and, having crammed his ships with an immense booty, sailed back to Bengal. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 443 His pockets, they say, are continually crammed with keys. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa His place of work is anything but large, and movement is rendered somewhat inconvenient, moreover, by a number of heavy presses, crammed to repletion with the costumes of the establishment. George Sala… Gaslight and Daylight -) Hyperbolically: to feed (an animal) excessively; to overfeed. […] they tried the experiment of cramming [… the birds] with ground corn, and found that it succeeded admirably. The pintadas, […] became as fat as ducks. William Mavor… Voyages and travels […] animals crammed for our tables swallow an immoderate quantity of nutriment. The Lancet London, vol. I A pig once made its way into the courtyard of a lordly mansion, sauntered at its will around the stables and the kitchen, wallowed in filth, crammed itself full of pigwash. Good Words, vol. 8 The curious group of birds called the chatterers, are famous for their enormous appetites, as one species is said to have gorged itself with apples […]; and another (the European waxwing) was found to have crammed itself with […] berries till it could scarcely fly. ɛane Loudon… Facts… 2. To force, compress or put improperly (anything) into a space or receptacle. Synonyms: to force, crowd, stuff. Translation: meter impropiamente, in Spanish; entasser, in French; stipare, in Italian. He got out his pipe, filled it and crammed down the tobacco, found a match and leaned back, smoking with relish, one leg thrown over the wheel. ɒ. ɒower… Casey Ryan His hat was crammed down now. ɛohn Galsworthy… Beyond -) With the preposition into + noun of the space or of the receptacle: The paper he crammed into the pocket of his light yellow dust-coat. ɑrthur Doyle… Beyond the City She crammed her armful of sheets into the battered willow basket, threw two clothespins hastily toward the same receptacle, and ran. ɒ. ɒower… Lonesome Land Malloring read this letter twice, and the enclosure three times, and crammed them deep down into his pocket. ɛohn Galsworthy… The Freelands I took the papers, and crammed them into my valise. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 435 I suffered from thirst, but after we had divided the liquefied snow at the Petits Mulets amongst us we had nothing to drink. I crammed the clean snow into my mouth, but the process of melting was slow and tantalizing to a parched throat, while the chill was painful to the teeth. John Tyndall… The Glaciers of the Alps '"Several bowls were discovered filled with guineas and half-guineas; and at different times on searching the corners of the house they found various parcels of bank notes. Some were crammed into the crevices of the wall"' Charles Dickens… Our Mutual Friend A single house here, and not a large one, frequently receives a hundred and twenty people to sleep in a night: five or six beds are crammed into each room, and five or six people into each bed. Richard Ayton… A voyage round Great Britain Meal, butter, cheese, beef, and bacon, were crammed indiscriminately into sacks, with articles of wearing apparel, and the blankets, and the webs of cloth and linen which the thrifty housewife had prepared for her household. Thomas Lauder… Tales of the highlands The smoking room was a temporary erection on the main deck […]. It might have accommodated five and twenty comfortably; but when it was wet and stormy, I have seen double that number crammed into it. Alexander Mackay… The Western World -) Reflexively: The Count du Luc caused a French comedy to be performed in theatre of Baden, to which admission was [… gratuitous] to all who chose to attend it; and, naturally, the house was crowded. […]. Of course there were reserved seats for the smart ladies and gentlemen, whilst the profane vulgar scrambled and crammed itself into every vacant corner that could be found. The Cornhill Magazine, vol. XXXVI […] Mrs. Midge had sought refuge under the sofa, and every bird had crammed itself into what corner it could. The Strand Magazine, vol. 19 […] we walked to Coubert, the first village […]. There we waited in a little auberge till a cabriolet from the post was sent, and into this we all four crammed ourselves. Mary ɒerry… Extracts of the journals… We crammed ourselves into a small house of business. Robert Proctor… Narrative of a journey… 3. Metaphorical: to make (a person) learn improperly many things, as if by filling her/him with them. [Boys] are crammed with mere facts, and with the opinions or phrases of other people, and these are accepted as a substitute for the power to [… construe] opinions of their own. ɛohn Mill… Autobiography Mary read, and read, and read, till she felt she was made up of the contents of books, crammed with other people's ideas. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Phantom Fortune It's very difficult to teach boys, because their chief object in life is not to be taught anything, but I should say we were crammed, not taught at all. ɛohn Galsworthy… Another Sheaf -) Particularly: a. To make (a person) believe lies or crams. b. To make (a person) learn much about a subject, as in preparation for an examination, briefly and without a purpose of making understand. c. To learn (a subject) by hasty preparation and without a purpose of understanding. […] fathers and mothers bring their little boys, and take it as a matter of course, that they'll have all manner of Greek, and Latin, and mathematics, and geography crammed into them. Douglas ɛerrold… The writings… -) Intransitively: to become a crammer; to cram a subject; to learn a subject by hasty preparation and without a purpose of understanding. Have you ever crammed for an exam, [… been successful in it], and then 2 weeks later could not remember what you studied? David Wright… Get a job! He told her about his room mates and how they crammed for test after test. Charlene Vasas… Never again… Other English words derived from CRAM: crammer, cram (noun), cramming. _crave_ Verb. Pronunciation: kreɪv. Etymology: Old English crafian. Preterite tense: craved (kreɪvd). Preterite participle: craved. Present participle: craving. Transitively: 1. Obsolete acceptation: to ask authoritatively. 2. Rare acceptation: to ask cravingly or earnestly to be given; to make request for (an alienable thing.) The Spanish cavaliers craved from the Indians of the South their lands and their gold. The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, Vol. 1 3. To ask cravingly or earnestly to be done, accomplished, granted, permitted, etc.; to make request for (a doable thing represented by a noun, or an infinitive, or [rarely] a clause introduced by the conjunction THAT.) Synonyms: to ask, entreat; beseech. I crave your company back to the hill. John Banim… The Denounced I remember well that both the coachman and the guard, when they had deposited me and my luggage, and kicked at the gate to let the porter know some one craved admittance, made me a sort of demi-bow, and touched the brims of their hats. Hood’s Magazine and Comic Miscellany, vol. I I crave pardon for what may seem my uncourteous delay. Thomas Grattan… Jacqueline of Holland I crave your patience. ɑrthur Doyle… Sir Nigel I must crave his pardon for having made him the subject of a kind of experiment. Washington Irving… Tales of a traveller The only favor they craved, was, that they might have an interpreter who understood both languages. Thomas Farnham… Life and adventures in California As this may appear a somewhat paradoxical opinion, we crave leave to offer our reasons in support of it. The Edinburgh Review On some future occasion I will crave permission to examine your library and its manuscript treasures. William ɑinsworth… Mervyn Clitheroe I ought to crave pardon for this tedious narration of trivial circumstances. Tobias Smollett… Roderick Random There was a brief bustle in the mansion, and Foster, with his downward look and sullen manner, entered the apartment to say, “That Master Richard Varney was arrived from my lord, having ridden all night, and craved to speak with her ladyship instantly.” Walter Scott… Kenilworth The lady was however frightened, and going towards the lad, craved to know wherefore he had made such an unearthly outcry. ɛohn Galt… Spaewife Marian, may I crave a few words with you? Pierce Egan… Robin Hood and Little John [The woman] craved him to write to Australia. Once a Week, vol. 7 -) With the preposition of, or from + noun of the person being asked to do something or participate in something: A servant came up to Mr. Hastings as he was crossing the hall, and said an applicant at the door craved speech of him. Henry Wood… The Shadow of Ashlydyat Leonard, I am going to crave a favour of you. Do not send Eldred Sloam away. Henry Wood… The Argosy […] he would go into England and crave pardon of him. Walter Scott… Essay on Border Antiquities I consider fowls would be very desirable for weakly women — they being very cheap in India — as they often craved them from me. ɛane Swinton… Journal of a voyage 4. Rare acceptation: to ask cravingly or earnestly to be told; to make request for (a tellable thing.) May I crave of you, Sir Knight, how you became concerned in this affair?" Walter Scott… The Talisman What was it? tell it! tell it!:' craved Lady Dorcas. ɛohn ɒanim… The Denounced He […] craved my name. But when I declared my name was Random, he exclaimed in a rapture, 'How! Rory Random?' The same, I replied, looking at him with astonishment. Tobias Smollett… Roderick Random until I have craved of you the name of him who has thus ventured to defame me. William Simms… The Scout 5. Abusively: to want; to desire. "Why, you, you, you, it was you who craved to be alone with Willoughby!" her father shouted. George Meredith… The Egoist And now there was no one she craved to see. Humphry Ward… Eleanor I knew very well that he desired me for his solace and delight, as other men have done and still do: but to be craved is one thing and to be loved is another thing. Maurice Hewlett… The Ruinous Face "I can understand," said Henry, "why the animals should come here after the salt, since they crave salt just as we do, but it seems strange to me that salt water should be running out of the ground here, hundreds of miles from the sea." ɛoseph ɑltsheler… The Young Trailers 6. Rare acceptation: to ask (a person) cravingly or earnestly for a thing or to do something. […] craved me for mercy. Walter Scott… The Monastery 7. Abusively: (of a thing) to need. […] and wearied limbs craved rest. F. Palmer, ɑlfred Forrester… The wanderings… Intransitively: (it is an abusive use) to desire; --with preposition FOR, or AFTER + noun. […] the land below the cocoa-nut trees was now distinguishable, and they anticipated that the next day they could land and procure the water which they now so craved for. Frederick Marryat… The Phantom Ship English words derived from the verb crave: craving, cravingly, cravingness, craver. _craven_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: kreɪv(ə)n. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Maybe from Old French cravant, present participle of crever (= to cause to burst), from Latin crepare (= to break, crack). 1. Vanquished; --now only in the phrase “to cry craven”: to acknowledge oneself vanquished; to surrender. "Do you repent the bargain you have made?" said the Swiss; "if so, cry craven, and return in safety. Walter Scott… Waverley Novels And the conditions of the battle are these; if the appellee slay the appellant, or force him to cry 'craven,' or make good his defense until the stars be seen in heaven, then shall he, the appellee, be acquitted of the murder. Henry Herbert… Wager of Battle 2. That acknowledges himself afraid of his antagonist. Hence: a. (Of a person) cowardly, wanting in courage, pusillanimous, timorous. b. (Of a thing) proceeding from cowardice. Antonyms: courageous, daring, fearless, intrepid, fearless, dauntless, valiant, audacious. Synonyms: timid, fearful, cowardly, shy, timid. Translation: poltron, in French; cobarde, in Spanish; codardo, in Italian. There was craven fear in his face. Harold ɒindloss… Thrice Armed -) As a noun: a person who acknowledges himself coward. Synonyms: coward, poltroom, dastard. […] that a craven might turn hero as he listened. The Metropolitan Magazine, vol. 30 Words derived from craven: cravenly, craven (verb for “to make craven or cowardly”). _cuddle_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: kʌd(ə)l. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense: cuddled. Preterite participle: cuddled. Present participle: cuddling. Transitively: to embrace (someone) fondly or snugly; to draw close (an animated being, or a thing) within the arms, for warmth or comfort, or as a result of affection. Synonyms: to snuggle, hug. Translation: étreindre câlinement, in French; abrazar cariñosamente, in Spanish; abbracciare coccolando, in Italian. She cuddled the baby's face in her neck. Lilian ɒell… Carolina Lee […] he cuddled his pillow, just like a baby. Elizabeth Gaskell… Cranford Children want to be loved, cuddled, hugged, listened to, and played with. Floyd Martinson… Care of Infants Elizabeth cuddled the baby in her arms, and began to rock thoughtfully back and forth. Catherine ɒement… Spinner of Webs Miri shuddered and cuddled her cat closer. Susan Carroll… The Courtesan Intransitively: 1. (of two or more animated beings) to lie snug or close for warmth or comfort, or as a result of affection. Synonym: to snuggle. There were times, when he was cuddling against Eleanor or tumbling about in the sun, that he was almost pretty. Edith Delano… The Land of Content As Dale punched the keys on his phone, he tried not to watch Alexandria and the cat cuddling together. Roxanne Snopek… More Great Cat Stories 2. (Of an animated being) to lie or sit with the knees drawn up comfortably; to curl up, in order to sleep; --also found in reflexive construction. Katrina cuddled herself down like a kitten, in the sun, on the piazza steps, and looking up at me, as I sat in this sheltered corner, said approvingly Helen ɛackson… Glimpses of Three Coasts Words derived from cuddle: cuddle (noun), cuddleable, cuddlesome, cuddly, cuddling (noun). _cunnilingue_ Verb. Accent: cunnilingue. Etymology: from CUNNILINGUS. Preterite tense, Preterite participle: cunnilingued. Present participle: cunnilinguing. Synonym: gamahuche (slang). Translation: gamahucher, in French; chupar, in Spanish; leccare, in Italian. Transitively: to execute a cunnilingus on (a woman); to please, or attempt to please, (a woman) with a cunnilingus; to eroticize her or oneself with a cunnlingus. […] a three-colour cover cartoon depicted the then-President cunnilinguing his daughter Tricia while her sister Julie, apparently already sated, watched. Penthouse vol. 9, 1974 Words derived from cunnilingus: cunnilinguist, cunnilingist, cunnilinctor, cunnilinctr ice, cunnilinguant, cunnilingual. _cursory_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: k ːsərɪ. Etymology: from Latin cursōrius (= of or pertaining to a runner or a race), from cursōr (= runner), from currere (= to run). 1. Rapidly performed, but with little or no attention to details, as if by running over a thing; performed with cursoriness. Synonyms: hasty, hurried. Antonyms: protracted, prolonged, thorough, exhaustive. Translation: hâtif, in French; apresurado, in Spanish; frettoloso, in Italian. Our examination of the collection, however, was too cursory to admit of a notice of the pictures in detail, even were it desirable, so long after the close of the exhibition. The Knickerbocker, vol. LII Books of importance of any kind, and especially complete treatises on any subject, should first be read in a more general and cursory manner. The family instructor 2. (Of a person) performing cursorily an action. […] the cursory reader. Francis Egerton… Essays on History […] readers, both cursory and studious. Thomas Carlyle… Critical and Miscellaneous Essays Words derived from cursory: cursorily, cursoriness. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin currere, see CURSOR. _curtsy_ (or _curtsey_) Verb. Pronunciation and accent: k ːtsɪ. Etymology: from the noun CURTSY, which is a variant of COURTESY. This latter is from Old French corteis, from Old French cort (= a court). Third-person singular simple present: she (he) curtsies (or curtseys). Preterite tense, preterite participle: curtsied (or curtseyed). Present participle: curtsying (or curtseying). Intransitively: to make a curtsy; this is, to gesture one’s respect or salutation to someone either by bending one’s knees or by stooping. Translation: s’incliner courtoisement, in French; inclinarse cortésmente, in Spanish; inchinarsi cortesemente, in Italian. 'I'm sure you'll excuse me, sir,' said Mrs Varden, rising and curtseying. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge Her gentle ringing at the bell was responded to by a dolorous-looking woman, of light complexion, with raised eyebrows, […], who curtseyed at sight of her, and conducted her across the garden to the house. Charles Dickens… Dombey and son -) The connotation either of bending one’s knees or of stooping is reinforced by means of an adverb, as low, or by a prepositional construction, as, to the ground, etc.: Miss Sharpe curtseyed very low as she left the room, and Miss Martinett again rang the bell. ɑzel Roe… A long look ahead “What ails ye at my face, fair sir?” she inquired, curtseying to the very ground. Robert Stevenson… The Black Arrow -) With the preposition to + noun of the person who is the object of the curtsey: […] he addressed Camilla, to whom he said something not very distinctly, about Tunbridge, she curtsied to him slightly, and turned away, without making any answer. Fanny ɒurney… Camilla Honoria curtseyed to her benefactor, and left the room in silence. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Run to Earth I bowed low, and she curtsied to me. "Good-night," she said. Mary ɛohnston… To Have and to Hold In this little England of ours, who could fancy two stout men curtseying to each other? Thomas de Quincey… The Uncollected Writings… The two women curtsied to each other, each according to her fashion. William Thackeray… The History of Pendennis [Mrs Transome] liked that a tenant should stand bareheaded below her as she sat on horseback. She liked to insist that work done without her orders should be undone from beginning to end. She liked to be curtsied and bowed to by all the congregation. George Eliot… Felix Holt… -) It occurs in exceptional constructions where an adverbial extension seems to add a simultaneous action or immediate result (the one of leaving, going, or the like) to the principal one of curtsying: […] as ɑdams and the rest had assured her of forgiveness, she cried and curtsied out of the room. Henry Fielding… Joseph Andrews With this parting cordial she curtsies off—you listen to the sound of her receding footsteps as long as the last echo can reach you—and when, with fainting spirits, you attempt to fasten your door, you discover, with increased alarm, that it has no lock. ɛane ɑusten… Northanger Abbey Peggotty, with some uneasy glances at me, curtseyed herself out of the room without replying. Charles Dickens… David Copperfield He again asked me in, and again I assured him I knew not any body was there when I opened the door, and curtsied myself into my own room. Frances ɒurney… Diary and letters Transitively: 1. To make a curtsy to (someone = direct object); this is, to gesture one’s respect or salutation to (someone) either by bending one’s knees or by stooping. Regarding herself as having now delivered her inauguration address, Mrs Gamp curtseyed all round, and signified her wish to be conducted to the scene of her official duties. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit [Judith] curtseyed him from the door. Charlotte Riddell… The rich husband -) It occurs in exceptional constructions where a prepositional extension seems to add a simultaneous action or immediate result (the one of accompanying, conducting, escorting, or the like) to the principal one of curtsying: Madame de Choisy instantly began some compliments, but finding she only disconcerted me, she soon said she must not keep me back, and curtsied me on to another room, into which she shut me. Frances ɒurney… Madame D'Arblay The fellow's face flushed, and, with something of an oath, he went to the door, [… whistled], and returned next minute with a dozen powerful fellows, all armed. Contest was now useless, and I agreed to go with them until they met the "captain, " who was then to settle the question of my liberty. The women curtseyed me to the door, as if they rather regretted the loss of their companion […]. George Croly… Marston […] he allowed himself to be curtseyed out of the room as quietly as if the young lady had been doing the honours of Petersham Manor at a morning call. Robert Folkestone… Maids of honour Lady Glastonbury […], anticipated much pleasure from the act of curtseying out from the castle the venerable spinsters who, seven years before, had rendered her own exit so humiliating. Catherine France… The diamond and the pearl In this manner was Mr Slope received. But when he left, he was allowed by each lady to take her hand, and to make his adieux as gentlemen do who have been graciously entertained! Yes; he shook hands with them, and was curtseyed out courteously […] ɑnthony Trollope… Barchester Towers 2. To gesture (something) by curtsying; this is, to signify gesturally (something, as thanks, acceptance, etc.) to some one while curtsying to him (her). […] ɜate Dalton rose and retired to her room. “Tell Madame de Heidendorf, Nina,” said she, “that I feel tired to-day, and beg she will excuse my not appearing at dinner.” Nina curtseyed her obedience… Charles Lever… The Daltons “[…] perhaps you will dine with me? I mean to call on Miss Dorothy Somerset, and would invite her to be of the party.” Lady Sara curtseyed her acceptance of the invitation. ɛane Porter… Thaddeus of Warsaw Tib curtseyed her thanks and prepared to go. Eliakim Littell… The living age, vol. 57 […] she curtseyed her thanks to her auditors. William Rede… The wedded wanderer When the door was opened she rather curtseyed her thanks than spoke them. James ɜnowles… Fortescue Other English words related etimologically to court: courteous, courteously, courteousness, courter, court (verb), courtesan, courtesanism, courtesanship, courtesy, courtier, courtierism, courtierly, courtiership, courting, courtlet, courtlike, courtliness, courtling, courtly (adv., adj.), courtship, uncourteous, uncourted, uncourteously, uncourteousness, uncourtierlike, uncourting, uncourtlike, uncourtliness, uncourtly, discourtesy, discourteousness, discourteously, discourteous, cohort, courtsying (noun, participial adj.) _daunt_ Verb. Pronunciation: dɔːnt. Etymology: from Old French danter (variant of donter), from Latin domitare (= to tame), frequentative of domare (= to tame, subdue). It is etymologically identical with French dompter. Third-person singular simple present: she/he daunts. Preterite tense, preterite participle: daunted; present participle: daunting. Transitively: 1. Obsolete acceptation: to tame (a wild animal). 2. Obsolete acceptation: to subdue or vanquish (a person), as if by taming a wild animal. 3. a. (The subject: a person or another animal) to prevail over (someone), by making him either fear or despond; this is; to reduce to such a state as to become intimidated or dissuaded from doing something: to cause to quail. b. (The subject: a thing) to reduce (an animated being) to such a state as to become intimidated or dissuaded from doing something: to cause to quail. Antonyms: to exhort, encourage, incite, stimulate. Synonyms: to discourage, dismay, quail, intimidate, awe, cowardize, frighten, dispirit, dishearten Translation: intimidar, in Spanish; scoraggiare, in Italian; décourager, in French. You would hardly believe how much the Hollanders have already daunted the Portuguese and Spaniards in these parts, especially in the Moluccas, where they daily encroach on the Spaniards, who are unable to withstand them, and are even in fear that they may shortly deprive them of the Philippine islands. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels Gabriel, who was a bold man and not easily daunted, made straight to the spot, urging on his stout little horse as if for life or death. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge "Who art thou?" said William, if not daunted at least amazed. "Methinks I have seen thy face before; thou art not Harold's wife or sister?" Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Harold […] the stillness of this spot almost daunted him. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit […] do not leave me to-night; this strange place daunts me. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… The Last of The Barons It was a situation that less daunted than delighted him. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Alice “His humour will not daunt me,” said ɑllan. “I am resolved to see him.” Pierce Egan… Robin Hood and Little John Mr. Peck said nothing to this, and Annie, somewhat daunted by his silence, proceeded. William Howells… Annie Kilburn They had observed for a few days a beautiful yellow flowering tree, that was very conspicuous in the forest. Believing that it could be easily come at, they made the attempt to reach it, but without success, finding it, instead of being low, a high and inaccessible tree. They then directed their steps to others, but were disappointed again. Determined not to be foiled in their pursuit, they again went off in search of others in sight; these, to their surprise, were on the opposite side of a river. Nothing daunted, Mr. Brackenridge crossed it, though deep, and endeavoured to scale the tree. Charles Wilkes… Narrative of the United States… […] daunted by the shrieks and tumult, the crowd began to disperse. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge […] you must not be daunted at a few difficulties, or at a little exertion. ɒenjamin Disraeli… Vivian Grey -) With the preposition from + a noun or a gerund, to signify the intended thing from which the daunted is discouraged. In French: décourager quelqu’un de quelque chose; in Italian: scoraggiare qualcuno da qualcosa. The sight of Cole’s division behind Lumley’s weak squadrons no doubt daunted him from any employment of his cavalry. ɛohn Fortescue… A history of the British army No critic would have daunted me from the writing of the pieces. Leader Scott… The life of William Barnes I was not to be daunted from my purpose by the fears of my companions: I was only anxious to mount upon the top of the wall, regardless of all consequences. ɛohn Galt… Lawrie Todd -) With the preposition into + a noun or a gerund designative of what results from intimidation or despondency: […] do you imagine that the man who voluntarily offers himself to death will be daunted into uttering one syllable at your Bar against his will? Edward Lytton… Zanoni That youthful gravity and resolution, with the mixture of respect and protection, imposed as usual upon her passionate nature, and daunted her into meekly riding beside Philip without a word. Charlotte Yonge… A Chaplet of Pearls “What is the cause of this?” he [Coronado] demanded, hoping to daunt her [Clara] into submission. John De Forest… Overland 4. (Metaphorically: the subject being a thing) to discontinue or lessen (a state of mind) as if by subduing it. Miss P-- remained; and Madame de la Fîte joined us; and, not long after, Mr. Turbulent. He was in a humour that nothing could daunt; he began the warmest reproaches that I had left the room, and for my little notice of him while in it. France ɒurney… Diary and letters With a perseverance which nothing could daunt, Cortes made an examination of the surrounding country. William Prescott… History of the conquest of Mexico The great feature in his character was constancy of purpose; a constancy not to be daunted by danger, nor baffled by disappointment, nor wearied out by impediments and delays. William Prescott… History of the conquest of Mexico […] the outlaw recovered his audacity, which had been somewhat daunted by the menacing gesture of Elliot. Walter Scott… The Black Dwarf Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of Latin domare: domitable, dompt, dompting, dompter, indomitable, indomitability, indomitableness, indomitably. Other English words derived from daunt: undaunted, undauntedly, undauntedness, undaunting, undauntable. _decide_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪsaɪd. Etymology: from French décider, from Latin decidere (= to cut off; to decide, determine), from de- + -cædĕre (= to cut.) Preterite tense: decided (dɪsaɪdɪd). Preterite participle : decided (dɪsaɪdɪd). Present participle: deciding. Transitively: 1. (The subject is a person) to make cease (a controversy, question, cause, etc.) by a decision; to end or determine (a controversial action or process) by assigning explicitly or implicitly the victory to one person or the other, or by taking a decisive conclusion. Translation: décider, in French; decidir, in Spanish; decidere, in Italian. There were questions he must decide then and there. Erle Cox… Out of the Silence […] the question nevertheless was decided against him. ɛames Mackintosh… The history of England There are a lot of documents to examine, and questions to decide. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world The reader may be pleased to remember, that, in the ninth chapter of the seventh book of our history, we left Sophia, after a long debate between love and duty, deciding the cause, as it usually, I believe, happens, in favour of the former. Henry Fielding… The history of Tom Jones [The] man was then left practically penniless, a suit at law concerning the interpretation of the loan-agreement being decided against him. Harris Newmark… Sixty Years in Southern California -) With a subordinate interrogative clause, by which the question is designated : It has never been finally decided whether his great discovery was the result of accident or of deliberate experiments. Erle Cox… Out of the Silence There had been a few minute's silence, during which Doris had tried to decide for herself whether she had heard aright or not. Erle Cox… Out of the Silence If a marriageable youth has a mother, she describes to him the girls of her acquaintance, and enables him to decide whom to take to his house and home. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world They were about to leave Florence, but had not decided where to go. ɛulia Stretton… Mr. and Mrs. Asheton Sydney Carton paused in the street, not quite decided where to go. Charles Dickens… A Tale of Two Cities Both displayed such strength and skill that it could not be decided which was the victor, and so a prize of equal value was given to each. Michael Clarke… The Story of Troy […] it would have been difficult to decide who was the most gratified of the three. Ellen Pickering… The Heiress 2. To take or make (a decision) after deliberation; to make (a decisive opinion) after having been in a state of indecision. Synonyms: to resolve, make up. I will tell you in a postscript what we decide to do. Charles Dickens… The Letters of Charles Dickens Tell me […] what you decide about our plan. Fanny ɒurney… The Wanderer All right! shove me on shore, and come in to me in an hour. By that time I 'll tell you what I decide on. Charles Lever… Sir Brook Fossbrooke -) With a clause or an infinitive as the object: […] he continued to clear away the clay with undiminished vigour, and soon found that his advance had been stopped by a smooth surface, which, until he had completed its clearance, he decided not to examine. Erle Cox… Out of the Silence Leaving his lamp on the last step, he made his way across the now lighted vestibule and through the great doorway. He decided to go right through to the end of the gallery where he had hitherto not penetrated, and then attempt the other doors. Erle Cox… Out of the Silence Then we had [… a] discussion with the guide. None of us wished to undertake the ascent, […] and so we decided to let the guide do it for us. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world When I first saw her at Chelsea, I had decided that hers were the most beautiful hands in the world. ɛohn Ironside… The Red Symbol It was decided that, during her husband's absence, Mrs. John Grey should reside in Guernsey. William Russell… Recollections… 3. (The subject is a thing) to make cease (controversy, question, cause, etc.) The admission of this principle would apparently decide the controversy. Henry Hallam… Literature of Europe The discoveries of Pallas and Adams, of a rhinoceros and elephant in Siberia, having coverings of hair fit to protect them from the cold of the northern regions, would seem to decide the question. American Journal of Science I will […] give you copies of letters which will decide the question as to the correctness of Mr. Howell’s statements. The Asiatic Journal 4. (The subject is a thing or a person) to influence (a person) to make a decision or decisive opinion. The first sight of Mrs. Hungerford […] decided him in the opinion […] Maria Edgeworth… Tales and Novels The thought of having her father with her any part of her stay in London, and of returning home with him, decided Catherine. Elizabeth Strutt… Chances and changes It was a grim, dark abyss, and, should he enter it, he saw not how he should ever make his exit. But a nearer shout, and the sounds of galloping horsemen, decided him. He entered it foot-foremost, hung by his hands for a moment to the orifice, in hesitation. Henry Herbert… Wager of Battle -) With the preposition to + infinitive, by which the decision is designated: I rose to depart, but, yielding at last to the wishes of Mr. Conyers, the host, and others, retook my seat. Better had I gone then; but some words from Durnsford decided me to stay. Ellen Pickering… The Squire I want to go to South America and the Pacific islands. Earwaker has a friend, who has just come back from travel in the tropics; the talk about it has half decided me to leave England. George Gissing… Born in Exile Intransitively: 1. To make cease a controversy, question, cause, etc. by a decision; to be the decider of a controversial theme. Frank's father, having heard all that the horse-dealer had to say, now turned to Frank, and told him, that he might decide for himself, whether he wished to keep the horse or not. "Thank you. Papa," said "Frank, "but I do not know any thing about horses, and I would rather that you would decide for me." Maria Edgeworth… Frank -) With the preposition between: […] it's very difficult for such as you to decide between the true and the false. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London "There—you're going to quarrel about me," said Miss Eliza. "I shall go." "One moment," said James. "Decide between us." The New Monthly Magazine, vol. 99 Clive had found it difficult to decide between conflicting pretensions. Thomas Macaulay… Essays -) With the preposition for: The […] arguments were submitted to the queen, who still held her court in the north, and who decided for the release of Abdallah. William Prescott… History of the reign of Ferdinand… Decisions that involved what seemed to be the very stronghold of his situation, had to be taken without a moment's warning. He decided for or against without knowing why. Frank Norris… The Pit Perhaps, before this reaches you, we'll have decided for one or the other. Charles Lever… The Dodd Family Abroad -) With the preposition against: […] he told me that he had decided against my wishes. George ɛames… A book of the passions Mrs. Lander would have liked Clementina to take all the lessons that she heard any of the other young ladies in the hotel were taking. One of them went in town every day, and studied drawing at an art-school, and she wanted Clementina to do that, too. But Clementina would not do that; she had tried often enough at home […]. She decided against piano lessons and singing lessons, too; she did not care for either, and she pleaded that it would be a waste to study them; but she suggested dancing lessons. William Howells… Ragged Lady Council of war called by general Washington, decide against attacking the enemy on their march. ɛohn Marshall… G. Washington -) With the preposition on + noun of the theme: You shall hear his story yourselves, and yourselves decide on its truthfulness. Charles Lever… Barrington He had, as it were, extracted and devoured the kernel, while you were attempting to decide on the best method of breaking the shell. Samuel Warren… Diary of a late physician [Robin] hesitated whether to retreat or remain still; he decided on the latter. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood and Little John -) With the preposition upon + noun of the theme: A stranger would have been puzzled to decide upon the character of the assemblage before him, for the air and manners of the individuals composing the party were decidedly civil while their attire was unquestionably military. Bentley's Miscellany, vol. IX […] after a long conversation with him, I retired to think the matter over, and decide upon the likeliest mode of action. William Russell… Recollections… "It is a very serious thing to decide upon," he said, when his son had spoken to him. ɑnthony Trollope… The Claverings Mrs. Maroney said she would write to Nat. and explain the matter, but said she would like to find out who had written to her husband. Madam Imbert and she cogitated over the subject for some time, but could not decide upon any particular person. ɑllan Pinkerton… The Expressman… 2. To make a decision after deliberation; to take a decisive opinion or conclusion, after having been in a state of indecision. Synonyms: to make up one's mind; determine, resolve. -) With the preposition on + a noun or a gerund, by which the decision is designated: He requested that she would not decide on anything until his return, which would be in a fortnight, and enclosed a cheque for twenty pounds, the amount of the quarter's salary. The New Monthly Magazine, vol. 99 'Do you then decide on sleeping here, general?' said Lady Mary. Laetitia Hawkins… Heraline On the way I heard that a bullock was killed every Thursday in Yokote, and had decided on having a broiled steak for supper and taking another with me. Isabella L. ɒird… Unbeaten Tracks in Japan At one time I resolved to leave school directly; but, on second thoughts, I decided on going there again. William ɑinsworth… Mervyn Clitheroe -) With the preposition upon: This circumstance greatly augmenting the danger of our present situation, with little prospect of farther success in the fishery to counterbalance it, induced us to decide upon leaving the coast of Greenland with the first opportunity. William Scoresby… Journal of a voyage… English words derived from decide: decided, decidedly, decidedness, decider, deciding, decidingly, undecidable, undecidability, undecided, undecision, undecisive, undecisively, undecisiveness, indecision, indecisive, indecisively, indecisiveness, decisive, decisiveness, decisively. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin -cædĕre, see CONCISE. _deem_ Verb. Pronunciation: diːm. Etymology: from Middle English demen (= to condemn). The noun doom and this verb are from the same origin. Preterite tense: deemed (diːmd). Preterite participle: deemed. Present participle: deeming. Intransitively: 1. Obsolete: (of a judge) to pronounce judgement. 2. To deem of: to have an idea of something; to become aware; --it is rare. 3. To deem of: to think of a person or thing; to have an opinion of something or someone, (which opinion is variously designated, for example with the adverb “well”, or otherwise.); --it is rare. Transitively: 1. Obsolete: (of a judge) to judge (a person or cause); to pronounce judgement upon (a case). 2. To decide an opinion on (something or someone) by qualifying them with an attribute or a circumstance; --this verb has a direct object and an object predicate as its complements (this latter may be designated with a noun, an adjective, a participle, or an infinitive phrase). Formerly, these predicates were preceded either by for, or as. Synonyms: to consider, regard, think, qualify, believe. Translation: considerer como, in Spanish; considérer, in French; considerare, in Italian. That he was unique appeared so undeniable, it was deemed not pertinent to inquire wherein the uniquity consisted. Edgar Poe […] it was deemed necessary to offer a reward. Edgar Poe Secrecy is deemed by him to be a quality of the highest merit. Felix Hamel – Lionel Hexham… Harry Roughton […] it was deemed a good opportunity to send a collection of specimens of the various woods of these region to Buenos Ayres that they might be examined and more properly described. Woodbine Parish… Buenos Ayres Selfish, jealous, inconsiderate, though his attachment might be deemed, it had still been an intense passion. Charlotte Riddell… The rich husband She deemed it extremely unsuitable that Stella should dance at all on the eve of her wedding. Ethel Dell… The Lamp in the Desert […] two Portuguese gentlemen who had challenged each other, agreed that he who first mounted the works of the enemy should be deemed conqueror. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels "Your ladyship is very quick to blame," said the count, somewhat sarcastically; " but you forget how rejoiced you were some years ago to discover that the chevalier Gilderstein, whose father was executed for coining, was no relation of our family, as you had long deemed him to be : and yet the chevalier was himself innocent of his father's offence." George Reynolds… The mysteries of London Richard was determined: — they deemed him obstinate — foolish — almost mad; but they knew not of his love for Isabella! George Reynolds… The mysteries of London We have prospered exceedingly. We are even richer than our expert accountants deemed us to be. Horace Vachell… Susan Yellam The young man only smiled at what he deemed a mere caprice of suspicion. Charles Lever… One of Them The fact may be deemed of some little interest by the geologist. Hugh Miller… The Cruise of the Betsey -) Reflexively: I did not, however, deem myself authorized to do this. Horace Greeley… Glances at Europe Deeming myself unworthy of her love, I left all to her generosity. Susanna Moodie… The Monctons 3. To decide or hold (an opinion); to deduce (a conclusion), after thinking; have in the mind after consideration; --the object is a clause introduced by the conjunction that. Antonym: to doubt. Synonyms: to opine, think, conclude. Maria Godolphin never deemed that she was not safe in making the promise. Henry Wood… The Shadow of Ashlydyat The rumour had reached them that the mob was advancing up Dale, those who had apprised them had, according to their statement, absolutely witnessed the approach of the multitude, and so they had locked up their cottages, crossed the bridge, and ran away to the woods and moor. Under these circumstances, deeming that there might be much exaggeration, Sybil at length resolved to advance, and in a few minutes those whom she had encountered were out of sight. ɒenjamin Disraeli… Sybil, or the Two Nations Words derived from DEEM: deemer, undeemed, deeming. _deflect_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪfl kt. Etymology: from Latin deflectere (= to bend aside, or downwards); from de- (prefix meaning away, down, off) + flectere (= to bend, turn). It is etymologically and semantically identical to Italian deflettere. Present third person singular: she/he deflects. Preterite tense, preterite participle: deflected. Present participle: deflecting. Transitively: to cause (something moving or mobile) to deviate from its direction. Synonyms: to trend, bend, swerve, redirect. Translation: desviar, in Spanish; deviare, in Italian; défléchir, in French. They are building wing-dams here and there to deflect the current; and dikes to confine it in narrower bounds. Mark Twain… Life on the Mississippi A wester or sea-breeze, deflected by the ravines to a norther, was blowing; and in these regions, as in the sub-frigid zones of Europe, wind makes all the differe nce of temperature. Richard ɒurton… The Land of Midian A pencil of light, deflected from its path by a prism of a denser substance, in different positions. Thomas Young… Course of Lectures… "Then float a little, and we can take the exact course of the wind again. The canoe, of course, will continue to go the way the wind goes." "Unless it's deflected by currents which do not always follow the wind." Joseph Altsheler… The Masters of the Peaks -) With the preposition from + a noun by which the previous direction is designated : The progressive velocity of this gale was also lessened by the same cause which deflected it from its first course. James Imray… The Atlantic navigator […] the sun’s gravitational field deflected the light from the stars. ɒrian Malpass… Guide to Science Intransitively: (the subject: something or someone moving) to deviate from its direction. Synonyms: to trend, bend, swerve, warp. Translation: desviarse, in Spanish; deflettere, in Italian; défléchir, in French. Lyra turned to walk toward the house, deflecting a little in the direction of her nephew and Miss Northwick. William Howells… Annie Kilburn Perhaps he should never again reach the point that he was aware of deflecting from now. William Howells… The Landlord… -) With the preposition to (the consequent direction), or from (the direction that the mover followed before the deflective action): […] the line of descent was not exactly rectilinear, but that each atom deflected a little from the straight line, and each in its own direction and degree. ɑlexander ɒain… Moral Science When they were well up the path, in that part of it where it deflects from the drive without approaching the street too closely, and achieves something of seclusion, she said: […] William Howells… Fennel and Rue […] the ray deflects away from the axis. Steven Holzner… Physics II for Dummies Areas of cooler and heavier air make up a high-pressure system. This cooler air moves downward from a high and, again deflecting to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, moves clockwise. Paul Conkin… The state of the Earth A compact disk (CD) is like a phonograph record; there is one track all the way around. The track uses shallow holes known as pits to represent binary digits, either 0 or 1. The way the light deflected from the surface is interpreted by the scanning electronics as 1s or 0s. Michael Hordeski… Control technology -) Metaphorical: His suicide, however corroborative of suspicion, were there found to be deceit in the affidavits, is, without such deceit, in no respect an unaccountab le circumstance, or one which need cause us to deflect from the line of ordinary analysis. Edgar Poe Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of Latin flectere: flexible, flex (noun, verb), flexibility, flexibleness, flexibly, flexile, flexing, flexion, flection, flexional, flectional, flexionless, flectionless, flexography, flexograp hic, flexor, flexuose, flexuosity, flexuous, flexuously, flexural, flexure, circumflex (verb, noun), circumflexion, circumflection, flection, flector, flinch (noun, verb), flinc her, flinching, flinchingly, inflect, inflecting, inflectable, inflected, inflectedness, inflective, inflexed, inflexibility, inflexible, inflexibleness, inflexibly, inflexion, inflectio n, inflexionless, inflectionless, inflexional, inflectional, inflexionally, inflectionally, reflect (noun, verb), reflectance, reflected, reflectedly, reflectedness, reflecter, reflectibi lity, reflectible, reflecting, reflectingly, reflection, reflexion, reflectional, reflectioning, reflectionist, reflectionless, reflective, reflectively, reflectiveness, reflectivity, reflector, reflectored, reflectorially, reflectorize, reflectorized, reflectoscope, unreflected, unreflecting, unreflectingly, unreflectingness, unreflective, uninflected, uninflectedness, unflinching, unflinchingly, exflect, flecnode, flecnodal, genuflect, genuflecting, genuflector, genuflectory, genuflex, genuflexed, genufle xion, genuflection, retroflex, retroflexed, retroflexion, introflexion. Other English words derived from deflect: deflect (adj.), deflectable, deflected, deflecting, deflection, deflective, deflector, deflexed, deflexibility, deflexible, deflexion, deflexure. _delude_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪl(j)uːd. Etymology: from the Latin verb deludere (= to play, mock, deceive). This deludere is analyzable in de- (prefix with pejorative connotation) and ludere (= to play). It is etymologically and semantically identical to Italian deludere, and Spanish deludir. Third-person singular simple present: she/he deludes. Preterite tense, preterite participle: deluded. Present participle: deluding. Transitively: 1. to play slyly with (a person) under the fiction of acting seriously; this is, to frustrate (any one) by means of something maliciously contrived. 2. to defraud or cheat (a person) of something. -) With the preposition of + the noun of what is obtained by deceit. 3. To deceive (an animated being) as if by play or ludic contrivance; this is, to induce (any one) to do, forbear, believe or admit something either by a lie, a misrepresentatio n, or an illusion. Translation: tromper, in French; deludere, ingannare, in Italian; deludir, engañar, in Spanish. Synonyms: to deceive, beguile, cheat, dupe, banter, befool, cajole, trick. Antonyms: to undeceive, undelude, unfool, uncheat, unbeguile. -) With the preposition into + noun or gerund, to designate the result of the delusion: They stopped at the corner of the street, and called a coach with an air of indescribable dignity. The moment they were in, the bridesmaid threw a red shawl, which she had, no doubt, brought on purpose, negligently over the number on the door, evidently to delude pedestrians into the belief that the hackney-coach was a private carriage; and away they went, perfectly satisfied that the imposition was successful, and quite unconscious that there was a great staring number stuck up behind, on a plate as large as a schoolboy’s slate. Charles Dickens… Sketches by Boz He had corrupted or deluded most of his servants into the most extravaga nt conceits in the world: that their master […] wore a dagger in one pocket and poison in the other; that he had sold his wife and children to Lewis, disinher ited his heir […]. John Arbuthnot… The History of John Bull Montfort's plan was to throw his main strength on the attack on the priory, while deluding the enemy into the belief that his chief object was to attack the castle. T.F. Tout… The History of England They had tricked and deluded her into doing it. They had lied to her when they said it was a better scene. Henry Denker… The actress I doubt, with all your sophistry, if you can again delude me into a belief of your purity and integrity. Maria jones… The Strangers of the Glen […] the tropical sun is shining through upon my head into the miserable hole which they have deluded me into thinking was a cabin. ɑnthony Trollope… The West Indies… He deluded me into it, and almost forced me to say yes. George Manville -) With the preposition on + a noun, to signify the thing in respect to which someone is deluded: […] Elizabath having so completely deluded him on that subject, that he could not refrain from whispering in Sir Francis ɜnollys’ ear […] ɑgnes Strickland… Queens of Scotland […] I thought that nothing could happen so bad as my deluding you on such a subject by any fancies of my own. Frances Trollope… The Attractive Man -) With an infinitive, to signify the action to which the deluded is induced: […] if you're any good, you'll delude some girl to keep house for you 'twixt now and fall. Andy Adams… Cattle Brands -) In the reflexive mode: John never deluded himself for a moment upon that subject. Joseph Altsheler… The Hosts of the Air We cannot, if we would, delude ourselves about the true state of this dreadful contest. Edmund Burke… The Works… [He] could almost delude himself into the belief that the entertainment was actually being held under the Jolly Tapley's roof. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit 4. (The subject: a thing) to induce (any one) to do, forbear, believe or admit something either by a misrepresentation, an error or an illusion. The soiled and torn condition of the paper, so inconsistent with the true methodica l habits of D--, and so suggestive of a design to delude the beholder into an idea of the worthlessness of the document. Edgar Poe When a cargo of rags is washed ashore, every old pocket and bag-like recess will be filled to bursting with sand by being rolled on the beach; and on one occasion, the pockets in the clothing of the wrecked being thus puffed up, even after they had been ripped open by wreckers, deluded me into the hope of identifying them by the contents. Henry Thoreau… Cape Cod Some vague expectation of absolute independence still seems to delude them. Frederick Marryat… Diary in America […] be not deluded by any hope or expectation that you will be permitted to remain here. Frederick Marryat… Diary in America […] untoward contrariety of circumstances, […] had deluded her into a conduct […] Fanny Burney… Camilla Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of Latin ludere: deludable, deluded, deludedly, deluder, deluding, deludingly, delusion, delusional, delusionist, delusive, delusively, delusiveness, delusory, undeludable, undelude, undeluded, undelusive, allude, alluded, alluding, allusion, allusive, allusively, allusiveness, collude, colluding, colluder, collusion, collusive, collusively, elude, eluded, eluding, eluder, eludible, elusion, elusive, elusively, elusiveness, elusory, ineludible, ineludibly, illude, illuded, illuding, illuder, illusible, illusion, illusionless, illusionable, illusional, illusionary, illusioned, illusionism, illusionist, illusionistic, illusive, illusively, illusiveness, illusor, illusory, illusorily, illusoriness, disillusion (noun, verb), disillusioned, disillusioning, disillusioner, disillusionist, disillusionary, disillusionize, disillusionizing, disillusionizer, disillusionment, disillusive, ludibrious, ludic, ludicrosity, ludicrous, ludicrously, ludicrousness, ludification, lusory, prelude (noun, verb), preluding, preluder, preludingly, preludial, prelusion, prelusive, prelusively, prelusory, prelusorily, prolusion, prolusionize, prolusory. _demur_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪm ː(r). Etymology: from French demeurer (= to linger), from Latin demorari (= to tarry), from de- + morari (= to delay, tarry, stay). The Italian dimorare, and the Spanish demorare are from the same origin. Preterite tense: demurred. Preterite participle : demurred. Present participle: demurring. Intransitively: 1. Obsolete and pristine values: a. To linger, tarry. b. To remain, stay. 2. To make a scruple; to be reluctant because of a scruple or objection. Translation: hésiter, in French; escrupulizar, in Spanish; esitare, in Italian. Sunday it was, and Val had insisted stubbornly upon going back to the ranch; somewhat to her surprise […] Arline Hawley no longer demurred, but put up lunch enough for a week almost, and announced that she was going along. ɒ. ɒower… Lonesome Land […] when she commanded them all to climb, it was David who demurred. Margaret Deland… The Iron Woman -) With the preposition at + a noun or gerund; or with to (rarely on) + noun: […] if ever I demurred to any of her demands, oaths, tears, and fits were the immediate consequences. Henry Fielding… Joseph Andrews He made the citizens of Cajarc contribute to the expense of this proceeding, and even required them to send masons to assist him in the work; but as they were loyal subjects of the French King they demurred at this, and he substituted additional money payment for personal service. Sabine Baring-Gould… Castles… In the whole narrative I saw nothing anywhere to which I demurred. I admired it all, went with it all, and was proud of my friend's having written it all. Charles Dickens… The Letters of Charles Dickens Lady Carbery insisted upon calling me her "Admirable Crichton;" and it was in vain that I demurred to this honorary title […] Thomas de Quincey… Memorials… He always sat there when he smoked; Susan Adkins demurred at his smoking in the house, which she kept so nice. Mary Freeman… The Copy-Cat and Other Stories Yet she demurred at the idea of being thus rendered responsible for his conduct. ɑgnes Strickland… Queens of England Beaujeu demurred at certain military honors demanded by La Salle, saying that if a marshal of France should come on board his ship, he would have none left to offer him. Francis Parkman… La Salle 3. Obsolete: to hesitate. At last she opened the book, and, to her great astonishment, beheld the letter. She started—looked at it—it was addressed to her. She demurred at first whether she should open it. Frederick Marryat… The Poacher 4. To interpose a demurrer; to respond with a demurrer. Transitively: 1. Obsolete: to cause to tarry, delay. 2. Archaic and rare: to object to. Words derived from the verb DEMUR: demurrable, demurrage, demurrant, demurrer, demurring, demurringly. _demure_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: dɪmjʊə(r). Etymology: of uncertain origin. Walter Skeat’s etymology was principally derived from the Old French combination “de murs” (= of good manners), in contradiction to other ones, where the French word mûr (= mature) is designated as its origin, and the first syllable de- remains unexplained. 1. a. (Of a person) demeaning himself/herself with seriousness, or without frivolity; assuming an attitude contrary to gaiety. b. (Of a personal action, of a look, etc.) manifesting demureness. Synonyms: serious, staid, grave. Antonyms: frivolous, unserious, unstaid. Translation: serio, in Spanish; serio, in Italian; sérieux, in French. Johnny looked demure and answered "Yes, Aunt Mary," to everything she said. Henry Richardson… Australia Felix The elder child remained with her father when the rest had gone away, and made his tea for him—happy little house-keeper she was then!—and sat conversing with him, sometimes at the window […]. He made her his companion, though she was some years younger than Florence; and she could be as staid and pleasantly demure, with her little book or work-box, as a woman. Charles Dickens… Dombey and Son I was so demure and quiet in talk about women always, and had kept myself so circumspectly, that my mother never had the least suspicion of me, — but in all matters of love and intrigue, mother always seemed to me as innocent as the babe unborn. Walter… My Secret Life 2. (Of a personal action, etc.) hypocritically serious or coy. After luncheon, as we were on our way to the dancing arbor, we met the Oakville party with Esther in tow. I was introduced to Mrs. Martin, who, in turn, made me acquainted with her friends, including her sister, perfectly unconscious that we were already more than mere acquaintances. From the demure manner of Esther, who accepted the introduction as a matter of course, I surmised she was concealing our acquaintance from her sister and my rival. ɑndy ɑdams… A Texas Matchmaker Other English words derived from demure: demureness, demurely, demurity, undemure. _depose_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪpəʊz. Etymology: from Old French déposer, modification (influenced by poser = to put, place) of Latin deponere, which is analysed into de- (= from, away) + ponere (= to put). Preterite tense: deposed (dɪˈpəʊzd). Preterite participle : deposed. Present participle: deposing. Transitively: 1. Archaic: to lay down (anything corporeal). 2. Obsolete: to put as a deposit, for safe keeping. 3. Obsolete: to discontinue voluntarily (a feeling, quality, etc.). 4. To prive (someone) of the office he performed as a chief, president, king, etc., by deposition. Translation: déposer, in French; deponer, in Spanish; deporre, in Italian. […] the working ants having probably deposed their queens, and being deserted by the males, that served but to clog the community, prepare for the severity of the winter, and bury their retreats as deep in the earth as they conveniently can. Oliver Goldsmith… Animated Nature […] Antonbey, who was then governor, and who had exercised his functions with much ability and beneficial effect, was, in consequence, deposed. ɛohn Galt… Voyages and travels Edward the Second was deposed by the English Parliament. Daniel Macintosh… History of Scotland […] the reluctant maiden found herself obliged to resign her authority, without enjoying the least pretext for complaining of her being deposed. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle The insurgents had deposed the alcalde, appointed their own authorities. ɛohn Stephens… Incidents of Travel in Yucatan, vol. I. -) With the preposition from, + noun of the office: Mr M'Naught was deposed from the ministry. ɛohn Lockhart… Life of Walter Scott […] they deposed him from the government of the kingdom. Robert Dodsley… The Kings of England They, again, offended at this disrespect to their jurisdiction, instantly, upon his appeal, deposed him from his professorship. Hugo ɑrnot… The History of Edinburgh 5. To say under oath; to make a deposition by saying (the direct object is a clause introduced by “that”, or an infinitive): Synonyms: to testify, attest. She deposed: "I am the sister of the deceased, and reside about three miles from Hounslow. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London Four of the above-named witnesses, being recalled, deposed that the door of the chamber in which was found the body of Mademoiselle L. was locked on the inside when the party reached it. Edgar Poe Another witness deposed that Martin Guerre was skilful in the use of weapons. The Knickerbocker, vol. LII Intransitively: to say something under oath; to make a deposition; to testify. Translation: déposer, in French; deponer, in Spanish; deporre, in Italian. -) With the preposition for or against, + noun of a person: The only witness that deposed against Sydney was lord Howard. Oliver Goldsmith… The History of England The result of the trial was, that the ship was declared to be Danish property, and the Captain cleared : the incompetency of the witnesses who deposed against the Captain and the property, having been pronounced by the Court. Asiatic Annual Register, vol. I -) With the preposition to + noun or gerund, or against + noun of a thing or a fact: At the renewed inquiry, however, there was no getting rid of the facts deposed to by the bailiff, and confirmed by Daniel's continual silence. ɛohn ɒanim… The Denounced At the next sessions the trial came on, and the gentleman, the coach-man, and the footman deposed to every circumstance of the robbery as above related. The Repository of arts, literature… Meanwhile, Ruth deposed to what she had heard of the midnight conference at her mother's window, and Halliday to what had taken place in the wagon-shed. Harriet Martineau… The parish The shot, the finding of the body, the subsequent discovery of the gun, were rapidly deposed to. Elizabeth Gaskell… A tale of Manchester life He deposed as to O'Hara's being a member of the secret society—that he was acknowledged as a leader —that he was active in forwarding the conspiracy. William Maxwell… O’Hara, vol. II One man deposed to having met a rough-looking fellow, half-gipsy, halfhawker, in the grove between seven and eight o'clock. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Henry Dunbar John Wood, a manufacturer, living at Dalston, near Huddersfield, deposed to having sent the parcel in question, containing the Valencias, to the address above mentioned. Annual Register, vol. 72 Words derived from depose: deposable, deposal, deposed, deposer, deposing, deposition, depositional, deponent. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin ponere, see the verb REPOSE. _descry_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪskraɪ. Etymology: it is conjectured that it may be from Old French descrier (= to cry, publish, decry), which is analysable into des- Latin dis- + crier (= to cry). Preterite tense: descried. Preterite participle : descried; present participle: descrying. Third-person singular present: descries. 1. (Of someone who is on watch, looking about, spying, etc.) to perceive visually (something or someone distant or obscure). Translation: divisar, in Spanish; apercevoir, in French; avvistare, in Italian. Synonyms: to spy; to recognize or discern visually; to see; behold. At daybreak we both at the same instant descried a sail to the eastward, and evidently coming towards us! Edgar Poe… Arthur Gordon Pym He beheld with admiration the regular disposition of the intrenchments, the long intersected tented streets, and the warlike appearance of the soldiers, whom he could descry, even at that distance, by the beams of a bright evening sun which shone upon their arms. ɛane Porter… Thaddeus of Warsaw […] we had the pleasure of descrying high land to the westward, which proved to be Japan. Robert ɜerr…Voyages and Travels The fishermen say, that they can even now descry, with the help of their waterglasses, pieces of cannon lying at the bottom where the ship went to pieces. Charles ɛohns… A week at the Lizard The water is very deep and of a fine olive-green, and, being remarkably clear, the light stones lying at the bottom are distinctly visible, among which, at my last visit, we could descry great fishes, probably bass, pursuing shoals of launces. Charles ɛohns… A week at the Lizard He looked in the direction whence the sound of footsteps came, but the leafy covert was so thick in that direction that he could descry nothing. Charles Hoffman… Greyslaer […] While the others wrought I stood as sentinel to descry any man that came near. George Craik… A pictorial history of England On the 31st of July land was seen ahead. Three peaks were descried just emerging from the horizon, and on a nearer approach were found to be united at their base. William Cooley… Maritime and Inland Discovery Slipping on tiptoe to the outer door, she quietly opened it, and, letting herself out, she moved quickly round the house, towards a little window belonging to the room at that end of it, where she knew the wounded man was lying. It consisted of two small panes of glass, placed in a frame that moved inwards upon hinges. She put her ear to it, but no sound reached her save that of deep snoring. Morag pushed gently against the frame, and it yielded to the pressure. Having inserted her head, and looked eagerly about, in the hope of descrying the sleeper, by the partial stream of moonlight that was admitted into the place, she could discover nothing but the heap of straw in the bedstead in a dark corner. Thomas Lauder… Tales of the highlands Undoubtedly these banks were the very place where the advanced guards from Persepolis took post, and from which Alexander found it so difficult to dislodge them. One cannot from hence descry the ruins of the city, because the banks are too high to be overlooked. James Elmes… Dictionary of the fine arts The shop being very full, and she in no immediate hurry, she seated herself in a convenient position whence she could take a survey of the different young men behind the counter; but amongst them she could not descry Mr James Hurley. Catherine Crowe… Susan Hopley 2. To find (a fact, etc.) in consequence of having been on watch (or after having been looking about, or spying, etc.) Synonyms: to detect, observe. In the early gray of the morning, they discerned a ray of light enter the hole, and descried that it came from a tunnel leading to the outside. The Overland Monthly […] I tore up the floor of the little mill, and in doing so, descried that a plank had been recently lifted, as it lay quite loose upon tho beam. Catherine Embury… Glimpses of Home Life Word derived from descry: descrying. _deserve_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪz ːv. Etymology: from Old French deservir, from Latin deservire (= to serve zealously), from de- + servire (= to serve). Preterite tense: deserved (dɪˈz ːvd). Preterite participle : deserved. Present participle: deserving. Transitively: 1. (Of someone): a. To become a deserver of; to be or become worthy of (something good, as reward, esteem, etc.) in consideration of one’s service, one’s meritorious action, one’s quality; to merit by service. By extension: to become deservedly liable to (evil), in consideration of one’s disservice, one’s misbehaviour, one’s fault, one’s ill deed, etc. b. To earn or enjoy (something good, as reward, esteem, etc.) by the merit of one’s service, one’s action, one’s quality; to be worthy to have. By extension: to undergo (something unpleasant) in requital for one’s disservice, one’s misbehaviour, one’s fault, etc. Translation: mériter, in French; merecer, in Spanish; meritare, in Italian. Synonym: to merit. "This is good news, indeed," cried Sampson Harrop, joyfully, while the others joined in his exclamation. "We all rejoice in Alizon's good fortune, and think she richly deserves it." William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches The fury of the beast, who no doubt bore still in mind the dreaded whip, was instantly converted into fear. Conscious of having deserved punishment, it seemed desirous of concealing its bloody deeds. Edgar Poe Your silence, your secrecy regarding the whole transaction, is a charity I do not deserve. The Repository of arts, literature Our space is too limited for an analysis of all these different portions, although they not only deserve consideration in detail. The Repository of arts, literature I have only to thank you for your rebukes, and for speaking of me better than I deserve. The Repository of arts, literature [This person] deserves all the respect they showed him. Caleb Snow… A History of Boston -) With an infinitive as the object: The inhabitants of the city, who deserve rather to be ranked among beasts, looked at us with as much astonishment as if they had never seen any other men than ourselves. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels, vol. II I congratulate you. You deserved to win. Frederick Gibbon… A Tale of the Indian Mutiny […] I did not love you as you deserved to be loved. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Fenton's Quest 2. (Of something) to become worthy of; to have merit enough to become the object of (an action or a process implying good); to be so qualified as to be suitable for. "The scheme was certainly a very ingenious one," continued Talbot, "and deserved success. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London […] a small grass-plot, for it scarcely deserved the name of lawn… Clara Cameron… Lights and shadows… The buildings alone of this interesting institution are well deserving attention. Catherine Frances… Paris in 1841 This institution is well deserving a visit. Catherine Frances… Paris in 1841 3. Obsolete acceptation: to earn or win (something) for someone to enjoy it, use, etc. 4. Obsolete acceptation: to do service to. Intransitively: to be worthy of recompense; to merit. [I] am able and willing to recompense your services as they deserve. Valentine Williams… The Man with the Clubfoot -) In the phrase to deserve well, or to deserve well of, the adverb is rather pleonastic: If any man deserve well in his office he shall be rewarded. Robert ɒurton… The Anatomy of Melancholy Whether these things be so or not, most certain it is, that the lady or the gentleman deserves well of the society, who can devise any method whereby so valuable an amusement can be heightened and improved. Nathan Drake… The Gleaner […] and he would deserve well of this country, who, instead of amusing himself with conjectural speculations, should find means of persuading the peer to inspect his steward's accounts, or repair the rural mansion of his ancestors. Samuel ɛohnson… The Adventurer and Idler […] he will indeed deserve well for having catered so liberally and successfully for a rich feast of musical as well as dramatic art. Jacob's Belles Lettres The American publishers deserve well for having issued his volume in a style worthy of its inestimable contents. Southern Literary Messenger They deserve well for what they have done. The Telescope To learn or remember other words derived from Latin servire, see DESERT. Words derived from the verb DESERVE: deservedly, deserver, desert, deserved, deservedness, deserving, deservingly, undeserve, undeservedly, undeservedness, undeserver, undeserving, undeservingly. _desirable_ Adjective and noun. Pronunciation and accent: dɪzaɪərəb(ə)l. Etymology: from French désirable, from désirer (= to desire), from Latin desiderare (= to desire). 1. As an adjective: (of something or someone) worthy to be desired; able to cause desire. Synonym: agreeable. Antonym: undesirable. Translation: désirable, in French; deseable, in Spanish; desiderabile, in Italian. Learning is generally confessed to be desirable, and there are some who fancy themselves always busy in acquiring it. Samuel ɛohnson… The Adventurer and Idler […] which part of a woman was most desirable and pleased best? Robert ɒurton… The Anatomy of Melancholy This gentleman […] informed me that Mr. H was, in every respect, a desirable match for my daughter. Nathan Drake… The Gleaner Mr. Gregory [… knew] that Markham was competent to teach his children all that it was desirable for them to acquire. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London 2. As a noun: a. That which is desirable. b. One who is desirable. Words derived from DESIRABLE: desirableness, desirably, undesirable, undesirability, undesirably. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin desiderare, see UNDESIROUS. _desist_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪzɪst. Etymology: from Old French desister, from Latin desistere, from de- + sistere (= to stand still, stop). Spanish desistir, Italian desistere, and French se désister are from the same origin as English DESIST. Intransitively: to cease from action, procedure or intention; to make desistance; to forbear from proceeding with what one has begun. Synonyms: to stop, leave off, forbear, cease, quit. Antonyms: to continue, proceed, persist, insist Translation: désabuser, in French; desengañar, in Spanish; disingannare, in Italian. He half put his hand out to touch the wall behind him and then desisted, for such effort would assuredly be vain. Charles Williams… The Place of the Lion -) With the preposition from + a noun, or a gerund: When I first desired to compose an account of the ancient and modern discoveries by sea and land, with their true dates and situations, these two principal circumstances seemed involved in such difficulty and confusion, that I had almost desisted from the attempt. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels It is related that, in 1424, Don Henry sent a squadron with some land forces, under Don Ferdinando de Castro, on purpose to make a conquest of these islands; but, being repulsed by the bravery of the natives, de Castro prudently desisted from the enterprize and returned home. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels Yellowblanket, who was eating the venison without […] a fork, instantly desisted from that occupation when he heard the word "rum," Lindon Meadows… Whittlings from the West ɑrithmetic […] Clery was soon obliged to desist from teaching, because a brutal and stupid municipal officer mistook the multiplication-table for a contrivance to keep up a correspondence and conversation by means of a cypher. Richard Davenport… Narratives of peril and suffering A compact was made, by which Francis agreed to desist from opposition. Thomas Macaulay… Critical and Historical Essays This had induced them to desist from their purpose of going to Edinburgh. Richard Davenport… Narratives of peril and suffering For a few days Cortes desisted from active operations. Richard Davenport… Narratives of peril and suffering Word derived from DESIST: desistance. _desultory_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: d səltərɪ. Etymology: from Latin dēsultōrius (= of or belonging to a vaulter, desultory), from dēsultor (= a leaper), from desilire (= to leap down), from de- + salire (= to leap). 1. a. (Of an animated being) skipping from one place to another. b. (Of motion) shifting from one direction to another, as if by leaping. Synonyms: devious; wavering, unsteady, erratic. The first efforts of a child in reasoning, resemble those quick and desultory motions by which he gains the play of his limbs. The Monthly Magazine, vol. 3 The black cap has in common a full, sweet, deep, loud, and wild pipe; yet that strain is of short continuance, and his motions are desultory. Gilbert White… The natural history of Selborne 2. a. (Of an intelligent process) performed discontinuously or with omission, as if by skipping from a subject to another, from a page to another, from a word to another, etc. b. (Of any process) performed intermittently. Translation: incohérent, in French; incoherente, in Spanish; incoerente, in Italian. Synonyms: intermittent, immethodical, incoherent, unmethodical, random, discursive. Antonyms: incessant, unceasing, ceaseless, continual. […] a man made for minute investigation, for single efforts, and for desultory research, but wanting in that vigorous intensity of thought which is necessary to the thorough prosecution of a complicated theme. The British Review, vol. 4 "To dream," he continued, resuming the tone of his desultory conversation, as he held up to the rich light of a censer one of the magnificent vases - "to dream has been the business of my life. Edgar Poe Our conversation during the evening was desultory and various. John Stephens… Incidents of travel in Egypt… […] the attention of the reader […] would be distracted by a tedious and desultory narrative. Edward Gibbon… The History… of the Roman Empire I read much, but in a desultory manner. The Irish Metropolitan Magazine, vol. III […] an expression of desultory if not intermittent respectability. Helen ɛackson… Glimpses of Three Coasts But the advantage they gained by such desultory efforts did not deter the Roman general from pursuing his operations with unabated vigour. Daniel Macintosh… History of Scotland 3. (Of a subject, comment, etc.) mentioned as a digression, or as a consequence of having skipped from the main subject. Synonym: digressional. We must, however, desist from this desultory comment, and proceed to business. The Eclectic review. vol. 1 Desultory subjects were now started Elizabeth Hervey… Amabel My sister now and then wrote to me, her expressions were more kind, but the contents of her letters were always on desultory subjects, or of her little Hermine, whom she seemed doatingly fond of. Eliza Parsons… The peasant of Ardenne forest 4. (Of a person) performing desultorily an intelligent act. […] with biographical and other matter, so as to render that which has hitherto been tolerable to the professor only, interesting to the most desultory reader. The Edinburgh Review Words derived from desultory: desultorily, desultoriness. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin salire, see SALLY, noun. _detail_ Noun. Plural: details. Pronunciation and accent: dɪteɪl, or diːteɪl Etymology: from French détail (= action of detailing; piece cut off; detail), and this one from détailler (= to cut in pieces; tell in detail), which is analysable into de- (from Latin dis- apart, to pieces) + taillier (= to cut). 1. A manner of writing or speaking detailedly (circumstantially, part by part); a manner of particularizing a subject or theme, as if by cutting in several parts; -- it is only found in the phrase IN DETAIL: part by part; minutely; in subdivisions; item by item; circumstantially; with particularity. Translation: detalle, in Spanish; en détail, in French; in dettaglio, in Italian. Having thus explained and introduced our subject at large, we are now prepared to treat it in detail. The Family Magazine, vol. 1 […] all these subjects are gracefully illustrated, not only from the writers who have treated them in detail, but also from the contemporary historians. The Dublin Review, vol. 23-24 On the way to Botzen a part of the low ground is occupied by marsh; the scenery, however, is still most beautiful, […] with picturesque castles too numerous to mention in detail. ɛohn Murray… Southern Germany Practical experience on the subject, has enabled the author to mention, in detail, the vegetable staples, their prices and usual mart of sale. William Darby… The emigrant's guide… 2. A detailed narrative; a relation, statement, etc., constituted by particulars or subordinate parts. Antonyms: brief, summary, synopsis, compendium, abridgement, abstract . To exhibit a chronological detail of European discoveries in those distant parts of the globe, would be uninteresting to most readers. James Playfair… A System of Geography […] he wrote a detail of his voyage. ɑlexander Chalmers… Biographical Dictionary During the time that I spent in Denmark, I had no thoughts of writing a detail of my experiences there. Hence, no preparations were made by me—no materials collected. ɑndrew Hamilton… The Danish Isles An historical detail of the interesting events. John Talbot… History of North America "In your detail of the vision which presented itself to you amid the hills, you have described, with the minutest accuracy, the Indian city of Benares. Edgar Poe He felt that uninteresting detail is the result of abstract method, and he avoids it in his geography. Conrad Malte-ɒrun… A System of Universal Geography 3. A part or subordinate portion of a whole (or assemblage, complex, etc.), considered, or treated independently, without actual division. Antonym: whole. Synonyms: particular, part, portion. Translation: detalle, in Spanish; détail, in French; dettaglio, in Italian. ɑ recent work by Dr. Turner […] has been of great utility. […] many of its details have been adopted. ɒenjamin Silliman… Elements of chemistry […] the business is very simple indeed, and I make no doubt that we can manage it sufficiently well ourselves; but then I thought Dupin would like to hear the details of it, because it is so excessively odd. Edgar Poe I have said that I minutely remember the details of the chamber. Edgar Poe I did not stay to listen to the details of their petition, for I am unable to command myself on such occasions. Frances ɜemble… Georgian Plantation Among various details of the condition of the people on the several estates in the island, he told me that a great number of the men on all the different plantations had _wives_ on the neighbouring estates, as well as on that to which they properly belonged. Frances Kemble… Georgian Plantation […] their canopies are nearly alike, the difference being only in the detail of the ornaments. The pedestals intended to sustain the figures are remarkably elegant. Thomas Moule… Winkles's Architectural There are some particulars worthy of notice in the detail of this facade. The Gentleman's Magazine, vol. 138 It was possible, I reflected, that a mere different arrangement of the particulars of the scene, of the details of the picture, would be sufficient to modify, or perhaps to annihilate its capacity for sorrowful impression. Edgar Poe English words derived from Latin taillier: detail (noun), detailed, detailer, detailing, detailism, tail, tailor, tailorable, tailorability, tailordom, tailored, tailorhood, tailoring, tailorism, tailorize, tailorization, tailorless, tailorship, tailorly. _deter_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪt ː(r). Etymology: from Latin dēterrēre (= to frighten from or away), analysed into de- + terrēre (= to frighten, terrify). Preterite tense: deterred. Preterite participle: deterred. Present participle: deterring. Transitively: 1. To cause deterrence in (someone); to discourage through fear; to make abstain or desist from something by fear of the consequence, of the risk, of the difficulty, etc. Synonyms: to discourage, restrain, keep back, prevent. Translation: décourager, in French; acobardar, in Spanish; scoraggiare, in Italian. Cecilia was turning back to answer this reproach, but the sight of Lady Honoria, who was entering at the other door, deterred her, and she went on. Frances ɒurney… Cecilia […] during the tumult we saw a sturdy fellow struggling towards us, as though to get a front view. The man, whose face I thought I had seen before, was not deterred by slight obstacles, and by dint of using his elbows vigorously, and treading on his neighbors' corns, he soon got within a few feet of us. William Thomes… The gold hunters’ adventures Alizon's first impulse was to catch the child in her arms, and press her to her bosom; but there was something in Jennet's look that deterred her, and so embarrassed her, that she was unable to bestow upon her the ordinary greeting of affection, or even approach her. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches -) With the preposition from + a noun or a gerund: It may be said that this man lives, and is deterred from making himself known, through dread of being charged with the murder. Edgar Poe […] the south and west winds were found commonly to blow very strong, which prevented vessels from weathering it, and deterred others from the attempt. ɛames Grant… Voyage of Discovery to N.S.W. To conclude, I must say, that I risked my life and character on the event of the voyage, and sailed from England with very little assistance, her inferior size and peculiar construction having deterred those who might have been of the most use from engaging to sail in her. ɛames Grant… Voyage of Discovery to N.S.W. I intended to visit these places; but was prevented by an unexpected change of weather, which deterred me from going to the country. Tobias Smollett… Travels Through France and Italy […] instead of proving that the irrational agent—whether a brute or a madman— can never be deterred from any act by apprehension of punishment (as, for instance, a dog from sheep-biting, by fear of being beaten), you prove that the beating of one dog does not [… act] as an example to other dogs, etc. ɛohn Mill… A System of Logic… English words derived from DETER: deterrence, determent, deterrable, deterrent, deterring. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin terrēre, see TERRIBLE. _detriment_ Noun. Pronunciation and accent: d trɪmənt. Plural: detriments. Etymology: from French détriment, from Latin dētrīmentum (= loss, damage, detriment), from dēterĕre (= to rub or wear away, impair), from de- + terere (= to rub). See TRITE. The Spanish detrimento, the Italian detriment and the French détriment are from the same origin. Definition: undesired diminution or partial loss of any body, either natural or artificial, by which it becomes defective, faulty, unpleasing, etc. Hence, undesired change, diminution or partial loss of quality of something; loss done or caused. -) With the preposition of, or to + noun of the thing or the animal undergoing the loss: The Spanish women, as those in the East, are great consumers of _dulces_ or sweetmeats, to the detriment of their teeth, stomachs, and complexions. Richard Ford… A Hand-book for Travellers… The water found its way in many places under the covering boards, and along the gunwale, insomuch that I was deprived of the use of one of the bed-places in the cabin; and also to the detriment of many articles fastened up against the side, which were necessary to be kept at hand. ɛames Grant… Voyage of Discovery to N.S.W. The great gates were closed, and two files of halberdiers were drawn up under the deep archway, to keep the passage clear, and quell disturbance in case any should occur; while a gigantic porter, stationed in front of the wicket, rigorously scrutinised the passes. These precautions […] produced delay; and, though many of the better part of the crowd were [… admitted], it was not without much pushing and squeezing, and considerable detriment to their gay apparel, that they were enabled to effect their object. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches All his dogs sprang up to greet him with evident joy, much to the detriment of his clothes, but little to that of his good humour, and after gazing up and down the road for a moment, as one does in a strange place, he walked through the little gate and entered the house, at the door of which stood a tidy old lady, evidently curtsying to a new lodger. George Rainsford… Thirty years since The merest dandy of a tourist may there visit every nook worth visiting without detriment to his silk stockings. Edgar Poe The foregoing introduction, prefixed to the former editions of this work, has been somewhat of a detriment to it. Washington Irving… Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada English words derived from Latin terere: attrite, attrited, attrition, attritional, contritely, contriteness, contrition, contrite, tritely, trite, triturate, triteness, triturated, triturating, trituration, triturator. English words derived from DETRIMENT: detrimental, detrimentality, detrimentalness, detrimentally, detriment (verb). _dim_ Verb. Etymology: from the adjective DIM. Preterite tense: dimmed. Preterite participle : dimmed. Present participle: dimming. Intransitively: to become dim, somewhat dark, obscure, shadowy, gloomy; to diminish in brightness or clearness. Translation: s'obscurcir, in French; oscurecerse, in Spanish; oscurarsi, in Italian. Antonyms: to shine, beam, irradiate. […] the lamp as it dimmed and flickered. ɛames Grant… Rufus Transitively: to make dim; to render obscure, dull, or less distinct; to diminish the brightness of. Synonyms: dull, darken, obscure, opaque. Antonyms: to shine, illuminate, irradiate. […] how intently we watch for the merest trace of breath, and augur that, if but a feather be moved by it or a mirror dimmed by it, there is yet life! Popular Science, 1872 She even drew a caricature of him, said to be an exact resemblance; but as it was with her finger on a mirror dimmed by her breath, there are no means of ascertaining this fact. ɒayle ɛohn… Purple Tints of Paris Thus, when a bottle or glass of cold water is brought into the room, where many persons have been sitting for some time, its outer surface is immediately dimmed by the vapour contained in the air of the room, now condensed upon it. ɛoseph ɒlack… Elements of Chemistry Thus if in the hottest day in summer, when the vapour in our breath is totally invisible, we breathe on a looking-glass or plate of polished metal, which is colder than our breath, the surface is immediately dimmed. William Nicholson… Journal of Natural Philosophy… […] a drizzling rain dimmed the atmosphere, and disturbed the lake. The Pocket magazine "Do not make yourself miserable, dear young lady," interrupted Marian, whose eyes were dimmed with tears. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London The brilliancy of her eyes was dimmed by weeping. Fanny ɒurney… Camilla Columbus arose sufficiently early to get a view of the star before its brightness was dimmed by the return of light, and made another deliberate comparison of the position of this familiar heavenly body with the direction of the needles. ɛ. Cooper… Mercedes of Castile A sky dimmed with vapour. Temple Bar, vol.6 A dull, misty rain dimmed the landscape around. Atkinson's Casket, vol. 9 […] the moon was high in the heavens, without a cloud to dim its brilliancy. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood English words derived from dim: dimmer, dimmed, dimmedness, dimly. _dint_ Noun. Pronunciation: dɪnt. Plural: dints. Etymology: from Old English dynt. The words dent (= hollow in a superfice) and dunt seem to be variants of dint. 1. Obsolete acceptation: a stroke or blow; especially one made with a weapon. 2. The force of a blow; hence, the force of an attack, assault; hence, the force or power of anything. Archaic except in the phrase by (the) dint of, which seems to have had origina lly the literal signification of by the stroke of (compare the French phrases à coup de, à coups de). Hence, by (the) dint of is modernly used with the meaning of by means of; by force of; by cause of. To repeat monotonously some common word, until the sound, by dint of frequent repetition, ceased to convey any idea whatever to the mind. Edgar Poe […] by dint of great perseverance, they traced him [Von Kempelen] to a garret in an old house of seven stories. Edgar Poe Somehow or other, by dint of pushing and pulling, they did attain the street at last. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge About midnight the enemy made their attack with three regiments, and by dint of superior numbers forced their way into the works at various points. Robert Southey… History of the Peninsular War By dint of this ingenious scheme, his gloves were got on to perfection. Charles Dickens… Great Expectations A few yards below the brow of the hill on which he paused a team of horses made its appearance, having reached the place by dint of half an hour's serpentine progress from the bottom of the immense declivity. Thomas Hardy… Jude the Obscure 'I can hear you, mother.' But, it was only by dint of bending down to her ear, and at the same time attentively watching the lips as they moved, that she could link such faint and broken sounds into any chain of connexion. Charles Dickens… Hard Times […] by dint of being excessively obvious. Edgar Poe 3. (This acceptation seems influenced by “indent” and its conjugates.) What is left by denting; the vestige of a stroke in a superfice; a vestige or impression made by a blow or by pressure, in a hard or plastic surface; a hollow or an impression in a surface, such as is made by a blow with an instrument; hence, an indentation. Synonyms: gap, notch, nick. Translation: empreinte, impression, abolladura, bolladura, in Spanish. creusure, in French; impronta, in Italian; […] there stood the portal still, as grim and dark and strong as ever, and, sa ving for the dints upon its battered surface, quite unchanged. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge Make the cut smooth and even […] without dints or ridges. Ralph Austen… Treatise of Fruit Trees Conjugates of DINT: dintless, dunt is apparently a variant of dint, dint (verb), dinted, dinting, undinted. _dip_ Verb. Pronunciation: dɪp. Preterite tense: dipped (dɪpt), or dipt. Preterite participle: dipped. Present participle: dipping. Etymology: from Middle English dippen. Transitively: 1. To immerse (something or someone) partially or for a little time, (for example, until it takes up a portion of the liquid); to put or let down in or into a liquid, or the vessel containing it. Synonyms: to soak, immerse, plunge. Translation: tremper, in French; embeber, in Spanish; intingere, in Italian. -) With the preposition in, or into, + noun, by which the liquid is designated: Diana […] broke some bread, dipped it in milk, and put it to my lips. Charlotte ɒronte… Jane Eyre "Hold the candle," said Mr. Rochester, and I took it: he fetched a basin of water from the washstand: "Hold that," said he. I obeyed. He took the sponge, dipped it in, and moistened the corpse-like face. Charlotte ɒronte… Jane Eyre The pattern about to be engraved is painted in lines, by a small piece of stick dipped in powdered charcoal and water. ɛoel Polack… The New Zealanders Nigel dipped his finger in his glass and leaning over he placed its wet impress on the Breton's hand. "This in your face!" said he. ɑrthur Doyle… Sir Nigel The points of the arrows, which the Indians use in attacking their enemies, are sometimes dipped in a poisonous liquid which they extract from certain roots. Daniel Harmon… The Interior of North America After we had walked about three or four miles, we got sight of a bull, which we killed, and a little before night got back to the beach, as wet as if we had been dipt in water, and so fatigued that we were scarcely able to stand. Robert ɜerr… A General History The Arabs begin to read a book where we would finish it, and they generally read from right to left, though not always. When they write they hold the paper in the left hand, and grasp a small stick in the right. This stick is sharpened to a point, like a pencil, and dipped in the ink, and with it the letters are formed with considerable rapidity. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world The nuts must be five times handled: first picked, then shucked, then dried, then bleached, and then again dried. After the first drying, they are dipped by basketfuls into hot water, then poured into the bleachers,--boxes with perforated bottoms. Helen ɛackson… Glimpses of Three Coasts When the barrel becomes too crowded, the fish are put into a small bag-net (two or three of which the lad carries in his pocket) and dipped into the river until the conclusion of the day's sport. William Cumming… Notes of a wanderer This plant is much used by dyers, in France […]. Blue cloths are dipped into it to be made green. The Horticultural Register, vol. II […] there she sits, placid and smiling, with her spectacles in her hand and a measure of barley on her lap, into which the little girls are dipping their chubby hands and scattering the corn amongst the ducks and chickens with unspeakable glee. Mary Mitford… Our Village He took the rudder when they had pushed out into the open water, the two young men dipped their oars. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Henry Dunbar 2. To take out or extract (liquid or something immersed in it) by dipping a dipper or other receptacle into it; --sometimes with adverb out, or up. […] that the fishermen, who make holes in the ice to dip up such fish with their nets as resort thither for breathing. Richard Carew… Carew's Survey of Cornwall She dipped warm water out of the reservoir for him and hung a fresh towel on the nail above the washstand in the corner. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Long Shadow […] we had tin cups, with which, when we were thirsty, we dipped water from the springs and brooks. The Museum of Foreign Literature and Science, vol. 21 […] without a kettle in which to boil a potato, or a pot to dip water from the strea. Richard Carlile… The Lion […] the substance --of a delicate rose color, and of the consistency of cream — is dipped out with buckets, sometimes amounting to sixteen or twenty barrels. Harper's Magazine, vol. 12 3. Metaphorically: to lower (something) for an instant, as if dipping in a liquid. Particularly: a. To lower and raise rapidly (a flag or the like.) b. To dim or lower (the beam of the headlights of a vehicle). It will be easily seen how close these vessels must lie to the wind; they do not tack, but dip the sail in wearing. ɛohn Seely… The Wonders of Elora […] when the course is altered they dip the sail and take the tack to the outward end of the prow. Richard Blakeney 4. Metaphorically: to rob (a person) by “dipping into” his/her pocket or purse; --it is slang. I want you to tell me the truth: did you, or did you not, dip this man when he was lying on the ground? Edgar Wallace… White Face You went over and you dipped him for his clock and pack. Edgar Wallace… White Face Intransitively: 1. To immerse oneself and rapidly emerge; to become plunged in a liquid. Synonyms: to plunge, dive. It was extremely curious and instructive to mark how they [the swimmers] dived, and dipped, and paddled in the purple pool. Colburn's New Monthly Magazin, vol. 94 [This fish] flies nearly to the distance of a gun-shot before he touches the water; and when he has slightly dipped, in order to rest himself, mounts up again. Samuel Goodrich… Tales of Animals -) With the preposition into, in, or under, followed by a noun: […] the tube, by which it is connected with the second bottle, cannot dip into the water in that bottle. ɛohn Murray… A System of Chemistry The signal was [… performed], the oars dipped in the water, and the stout arms of the rowers propelled the boat rapidly toward the shore. Edgar Davies… Alphonse […] the people, as often as I dipped under water, cried out that I was searching for this metal. Heinrich ɒarth… Travels and Discoveries… 2. a. To immerse one’s hand or a receptacle into a liquid, or into a vessel, esp. for the purpose of taking something out. b. Metaphorical use: to introduce one’s hand into a receptacle, in order to take something. I dipped into the kettle and regaled myself with its unctuous contents. The Yale Literary Magazine, vol. 26 3. Metaphorical use: a. To go down; to go a lower place; to descend into a space, as if dipping into water. b. To extend downwards; --without implication of motion. The sun dipped lower toward the alabaster crests of distant mountain peaks. Ridgwell Cullum… The Forfeit 4. Metaphorical use: (of a magnetic needle, strata, etc.) to be inclined to the horizon; slope downwards. 5. Metaphorical use: (of prices, profits, etc.) to depreciate. 6. Metaphorical use: to dip into (a book, a subject, etc.): to treat it cursorily, without perusal or prolixity. While he was dipping into several volumes, an Irish officer seated himself near him, and began laboriously to adjust the tie of a sword-knot. ɑnna Porter… The Hungarian brothers Words derived from dip: dipped, dipper, dipperful, dipping, dippingly, dip (noun). _disabuse_ Transitive verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪsəbjuːz. Etymology: it is analysable into dis- (prefix with the connotation of undoing or reversing the action or effect of the verb) + the verb ABUSE, which was formerly used, in one of its acceptations, for “to make a wrong use of any one's confidence; cheat”. ABUSE is analysable into ab- + use. Use is from Latin usus, participle of uti (= to use). Preterite tense: disabused. Preterite participle: disabused. present participle: disabusing. Definition: to cause (a person) to cease being deceived. Synonyms: to undeceive, undelude, unfool, uncheat, unbeguile. Antonyms: to deceive, beguile, cheat, dupe, banter, befool, cajole, trick. Translation: désabuser, in French; desengañar, in Spanish; disingannare, in Italian. Syntax: with the preposition of, followed by a noun, by which the deceit is designated: Men in their extreme ignorance call us the weaker sex. The weaker sex! When ad they know it-we can pull and play with their hearts'-strings as little children play with toy harlequins. However, never disabuse them of the fond conceit. Our weakness, as they are pleased to call it, is our best strength. The writings of Douglas Jerrold And this was a notion of which his friends were not anxious to disabuse him. Thomas De Quincey I would beseech the literary critics of our country to disabuse themselves of the mischievous notion that they are essential to the progress of literature in the way critics have imagined. William Howells… Of Literature English words derived from Latin uti: usury, utensil, utility, abusable, abused, abuse, abusefully, abuser, disabusal, disabused, self-abuse, utile, utilizable, utilization, utilize, utilized, utilizing, utilizer, inutility, inutile, inutilely, inutilized, unutilized, use, used, usedness, use, useful, usefully, usefulness, useless, uselessly, uselessness, user, inusitate, inusitateness, inusitation, unusable, unused, unused, unusedness, unuseful, unusefully, unusefulness, unusual, unusuality, unusually, unusualness, usual, usualness, usually, usurer, usuress, usurious, usuriously, usuriousness, usury. _disclaim_ Verb. Etymology: from Anglo French desclamer, which is analysable into dis- (= apart, away) and claimer (= to claim). The English CLAIM is from Latin clamare (= to call, proclaim, declare aloud). Pronunciation and accent: dɪskleɪm. Preterite tense: disclaimed. Preterite participle: disclaimed. Present participle: disclaiming. Intransitively: to make a formal disclaimer; to renounce a claim; ---Used in law. Transitively: 1. To renounce a claim to; to deny any relation with or concern in; --used in law. 2. To make an informal disclaimer of; to disavow or deny any connection with; to renounce any claim to; to declare (something or someone) as not belonging to oneself. Translation: negar in Spanish; nier, in French; negare, in Italian. Antonym: to claim. Synonyms: to disown, deny, renounce. [The prince] took every occasion to disclaim any notion of possessing himself of the crown. Thomas Moore… The British Revolution… I modestly disclaimed any pretensions—and any desire—to be housed so handsomely. Sir John frowned in perplexity. Anthony Hope… The Great Miss Driver Persons who lay claim to the good things of others are not rare; those who do not only disclaim their own, but even credit others with them, are among the very rarest. Frances ɜemble… Records of a Girlhood […] when she was seated in her chair, the whole time disclaiming her intention of returning, he only pinched her cheek with a facetious smirk, and said, "By, by, little duck; come again soon […]" Frances Burney… Cecilia I had compliments made to my person […] which [… occasioned] a singular opportunity of displaying my modesty, by disclaiming the merit of them, with a No, indeed!--I should be very vain, Ladies, if I thought so. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa Perhaps I have said too much of this. I might, perhaps, with as much truth as most people, exculpate myself from the charge of being either of a greedy or mercenary disposition; but I am not, therefore, hypocrite enough to disclaim the ordinary motives. Walter Scott… The Fortunes of Nigel An unequivocal declaration of a wish for peace, disclaiming all desire of conquest, might be issued without disgrace. Charles Coote – Oliver Goldsmith… The History of England "Friend!" she exclaimed—"I have no friend—they have long since discarded us. A spectre arising from the dead were more welcome than I should be at the doors of those who have disclaimed us; and, if they were willing to restore their friendship to me now, I would despise it. Walter Scott… The Fortunes of Nigel 3. a. To declare one’s refusal to acknowledge (something claimed by another); to deny. b. To declare one’s refusal to acknowledge the claim of authority of (someone). Synonyms: to disallow, deny. […] they disclaimed the authority of that court, as unlawfully constituted. George Buchanan… The history of Scotland… They had disclaimed the authority of both Charles and James as tyrants. John Anderson… A history of Edinburgh […] though he disclaimed him as a philosopher, yet allowed him to be a man of a fine imagination. ɑlexander Chalmers… Biographical Dictionary Derived from disclaim: disclaimer, disclaimant, disclamation, disclamatory. Other words derived from Latin clamare: reclaim (noun, verb), reclaimable, reclaimableness, reclaimably, reclaimant, reclaimed, reclaimer, reclaiming, reclaimless, reclaimment, reclamation, acclaim, acclaimable, acclaimer, acclaiming, acclamation, acclamatory, counterclaim (noun, verb), counter-claimant, declaim, declaiming, declaimant, declaimer, declamation, declamatory, declamatoriness, declamatorily, exclaim (noun, verb), exclaimer, exclaiming, exclamation, exclamative, exclamatively, exclamatory, exclamatorily, over-clamour, proclaim, proclaiming, proclaimingly, proclaimant, proclaimed, proclaimer, proclamation, proclamatory, quitclaim, clamor, conclamation. _disport_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪspɔət. Etymology: from Old French desporter (= to divert, please), which is analysable into des- (prefix with semantic implication of “apart” or “away”, from latin dis-) + porter (= to bear). Porter is a derived from Latin portare (= to bear). Third-person singular simple present: she/he disports. Preterite tense, preterite participle: disported. Present participle: disporting. Transitive and obsolete: to divert (an animated being) from sadness, ennui, or the like. Reflexively: to behave sportively, as if to distract one’s mind from what is unpleasant; to perform an action, only for pleasure. Synonyms: to cheer oneself, divert onself, amuse oneself, enjoy oneself, to comport oneself, exult, sport. Translation: divertirse, in Spanish; divertirsi, in Italian; se divertir, in French. Antonyms: to mope, hurt oneself, afflict oneself, trouble oneself. […] the princess would bid her guard of bowmen retire to a distance, to insure her from approach; and while her ladies and pages disported themselves in the forest, would proceed onwards with her two favourite companions […] Grace Frances… The Courtier […] in the immediately preceding period, when the sub-tropical elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus, disported themselves in the lignite woods of Middle Europe, have traces of mankind been found. Popular Science, 1873 Numberless water-fowls, including geese, ducks of various kinds, several varieties of water-hens and ibises, disported themselves in its icy waters, or flew away, screaming, on our approach. George Squier… Peru The cold had driven away the lively little colony of bees, birds, and butterflies which have been seen disporting themselves about the bright white cauldron. Richard ɒurton… A Personal Narrative -) With the preposition with, followed either by a noun or by a gerund, designative of what is used to be sportive: The public-house—the mere bar, at least—has no charms for them; but almost all the low coffee-shops you pass are crowded with young Jews, playing dominoes and draughts; while in the publics, where tap-rooms are attached, their elders disport themselves with cards, bagatelle, and the excitement of a sing-song meeting. George Sala… Gaslight and Daylight He that purposes to disport himself with killing doves, and other birds perched upon trees, must have bolts all of equal weight. George Hansard… The book of archery Intransitively: to behave sportively, as if to distract one’s mind from what is unpleasant; to perform an action, with the only purpose of enjoying. […] we disported in the water. ɛohn Stepney… Leaves from the diary […] the mind disports with different objects and forms, by an assemblage of thoughts and sensations. Richard Sullivan… A view of Nature […] she was disporting into an elaborate ridicule of some honest gentleman […] Theodore hook… Cousin William Other English words derived from Latin portare: comport, comportment, deport, deported, deportable, deportation, deportee, deportment, export, exported, exporting, exportable, exportation, exporter, import (noun, verb), importability, importable, importance, important, importantly, importation, imported, importee, importer, importing, unimportant, unimportance, unimported, port (= mien), port (verb), portable, portability, portableness, portage (noun, verb), portatile, portation, portative, portée, porter, portership, portfolio, report, reported, reportedly, reportability, reportable, reportage, reportative, reporter, reporterage, reporting, reportless, reportorial, reportorially, reportship, unreported, unreportable, support (noun, verb), supportable, supportability, supportableness, supportably, supportative, supported, supporter, supporting, supportingly, supportive, supportiveness, supportless, supportlessly, supportress, unsupportable, unsupportableness, unsupportably, unsupported, unsupportedly, unsupportedness, unsupporting, transport (noun, verb), transportability, transportable, transportableness, transportation, transportative, transported, transportedly, transportedness, transportee, transporter, transporting, transportingly, transportive, untransported, untransportable, disporting, disportive, disportively, disportment, sport (noun, verb), sported, sportability, sportance, sporter, sportful, sportfully, sportfulness, sportiness, sporting, sportingly, sportive, sportively, sportiveness, sportless, sportling, sportsman, sportsmanlike, sportsmanly, sportsmanliness, sportsmanship, sportswoman, sporty. _disprove_ Transitive verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪspruːv. Etymology: from Old French desprover, which is analysable into des- (prefix with semantic implication of “the opposite of”, from Latin dis-) + prover (to prove). Prover is derived from Latin probare (= to test [a thing] as to its goodness.) Third-person singular simple present: she/he disproves. Preterite tense, preterite participle: disproved. Present participle: disproving. 1. a. (The subject is a person) to prove (an assertion, opinion, conjecture, proposition, etc.) to be false or erroneous; to demonstrate not to be true; show the falsity or erroneousness of, through disproof. b. (The subject is a fact, an evidence, etc.) to be the disproof of; to be useful to prove (an assertion, opinion, proposition, etc.) to be false or erroneous. Synonyms: to refute, confute. Deny is simply to declare to be untrue, with no implication of disproof. Antonyms: to confirm, corroborate, verify, substantiate. Translation: desmentir, in Spanish; smentire, in Italian; démentir, in French. Not one of these statements is denied, much less disproved. ɑgnes Strickland… Lives of the queens of Scotland […] if I look cordial, it is only that I am so; and I will not try to disprove it. Frances ɒurney… Diary… [The] object of disproving the calumnies against him. Jane and Maria Porter… Coming out "Well," said Van Valkenburgh, "I will have the body exhumed to-morrow, and when we have disproved the calumny, this scheme of your enemies will do you more good than harm." ɑllan Pinkerton… The Somnambulist and the Detective […] could you open the stomachs of these ants and examine the contents, so as to prove or disprove this remarkable hypothesis? Charles Darwin… More letters… It is impossible, of course, to disprove a marriage which we are told was secretly performed, without banns or licence or witnesses. Jonathan Swift… The Journal to Stella I more than half believed, though I affected to disprove her assertion. Mary ɒrunton… Discipline He did not believe a word of the story, and yet, how discredit or disprove it? William Thackeray… Vanity Fair It is possible […] that farther research might disclose additional facts, or at least verify or disprove the conjectures we have ventured to make as to the dates of such facts as are known. The eclectic magazine… Popular opinion in Spain attributes the superiority of the wool in the merino to these periodical migrations; but this appears to be disproved by the fact that the wool of the stationary sheep is sometimes equally good. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth… 2. Archaic acceptation: to prove (a person) to be untrue or erroneous. Other English words derived from Latin probare: proof (noun, adj., verb), proofless, prooflessly, proveable, provable, provability, provableness, provably, proveably, proved, provedly, unprovable, unprovability, unprovableness, unproved, unprovedness, disproved, disproving, disproval, disprovable, disprovement, disprover, disapprobation, disapprobative, disapprobatory, disapprovable, disapproval, disapprove, disapproved, disapproving, disapprovingly, disapprover, approvable, approvableness, approval, approve, approved, approvedly, approvedness, approvement, approver, approving, approvingly. _dispute_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪspjuːt. Preterite tense: disputed. Preterite participle: disputed. Present participle: disputing. Etymology: from Middle English desputen, disputen, from Old French desputer, from Latin disputare (= to compute, estimate, discuss, to dispute, contend in words); from prefix dis- + putare (= to compute, reckon, consider). Etymological identity with French disputer, Spanish disputar, and Italian disputare. Intransitively: 1. a. To debate or discourse argumentatively; to talk questioningly; to contend with opposing arguments or assertions; to argue against something mainta ined by another; to hold disputation. b. Sometimes, to argue in a vehement manner or with altercation about something; to altercate; to wrangle. Synonyms: argue, discuss, contest, controvert. -) With preposition about, on, upon a subject; with, against an opponent. 'The saddle will be ready in a minute,' replied the man who was buckling it, at whom Barnardine now swore again, for his negligence, and Emily, calling feebly for help, was hurried towards the horses, while the ruffians disputed on which to place her, the one designed for her not being ready. ɑnn Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho Well, Mrs. Jewkes, said I, I shall not, at this time, dispute with you about the words ruin and honourable: for I find we have quite different notions of both: But now I will speak plainer than ever I did. Samuel Richardson… Pamela Critics, who disputed upon the merit of the different theatrical performers. Samuel ɛohnson… The ɑdventurer and Idler For it seems there was no occasion to dispute with me on the point I was to be supposed to have conceded to. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa I rest against a tree, and consider that in the same shade I once disputed upon the annual overflow of the Nile with a friend who is now silent in the grave. Samuel ɛohnson… Rasselas -)-)With preposition FOR, AGAINST + subject: [You] must have heard him often dispute against addressing ourselves to man in the humblest posture […] Henry Fielding… ɑmelia I am a maiden, unskilled to dispute for my religion, but I can die for it. Walter Scott… Ivanhoe 2. (Semantic abuse. Obsolete.) to contend otherwise than with arguments; to strive, struggle, fight. Transitively: 1. To discuss, debate, or argue (a question, a subject); to talk questioningly about (a disputable subject); to argue pro and con about (a theme); to make (a question) subject of disputation. -)With subordinate clause or with simple object (equivalent to a clause): We may dispute it upon the road. Walter Scott… The ɑbbot […] the more disputed question as to the antiquity of linen paper. Henry Hallam… Literature of Europe They have disputed, whether liberty be a positive or a negative idea. Edmund ɒurke… Speeches and Writings We have all the same general desires, but how those desires shall be accomplis hed will for ever be disputed. Samuel Johnson… The ɑdventurer and Idler The writings, however, of these masters were translated into Arabic; whether correctly or not, has been disputed among oriental scholars. Henry Hallam… Literature of Europe The disputed problems. Henry Hallam… Literature of Europe […] he admits that it is needless to dispute which is the best form of polity. Henry Hallam… Literature of Europe 2. (Infrequent and maybe obsolete) to maintain, defend (the object being a clause, introduced by that, defended by the disputer or disputers) by disputation. I overheard him the other day disputing with Master Blifil that there was no merit in faith without works. Henry Fielding… Tom ɛones I will not dwell on the story of Francesca of Rimini, because no one, perhaps, is likely to dispute that a Romagnol lady in the age of Dante would be able to read the tale of Lancelot. Henry Hallam… Literature of Europe 3. To argue against, contest, controvert, gainsay; to oppose by argument or assertion; to express dissent or opposition to; to deny the truth, accuracy or validity of (a statement, opinion, assertion, writing, etc.), or the existence of (a thing). Antonyms: to maintain, admit, acknowledge, concede, defend. Semantic-etymological identity with the Italian disputare, the French disputer and the Spanish disputar. There is another opinion concerning happiness, which approaches much more nearly to universality, but which may, perhaps, with equal reason be disputed. Samuel Johnson… The ɑdventurer and Idler Benjamin took his pipe from his lips, and laughed till the tears ran down his face. 'What a natural you are, Clemmy!' he said, shaking his head, with an infinite relish of the joke, and wiping his eyes. Clemency, without the smallest inclination to dispute it, did the like, and laughed as heartily as he. Charles Dickens… The ɒattle of Life Your sister showed me reasons which I dared not dispute. Charles Dickens… Dombey and Son No one — not even L'Etoile — disputes the murder committed on the body found. The marks of violence are too obvious. Edgar Poe You must not, your uncle tells your mother, dispute their authority. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa Pity the sufferings of a child, who never till this moment has dared to dispute your commands. Ann Radcliffe... A Sicilian Romance It will be the better taken, if you give me cheerfully your keys. I hope, my dear, you won't dispute it. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa We will say, then, that I am mad. I grant, at least, that there are two distinct conditions of my mental existence -- the condition of a lucid reason, not to be disputed […] -- and a condition of shadow and doubt, appertaining to the present […] Edgar Poe I dispute the availability, and thus the value, of that reason […] Edgar Poe The item chiefly disputed in this bill was the very moderate charge of two pennies for the dickey. Upon my word of honor, this was not an unreasonable price for that dickey. Edgar Poe They had equal pretensions to dispute each other's opinions. Henry Fielding… ɛoseph ɑndrews 4. To controvert or contradict (a person). […] religious teachers dispute and hate each other, and speculative men are esteemed unsound and frivolous. Ralph Emerson… Nature I said, "This money ain't right. I am due more money than this." He disputed me and said it was right. I said, "You are going to pay me my money" George Rawick… The ɑmerican slave 5. (Semantic abuse) to oppose, contest, resist, reluct to accept (an action, a procedure, etc.). 6. (Semantic abuse) Metaphorically: to contend or compete for the possession of; to contest (a prize, victory, etc.) The estate has not, during four hundred years, gained or lost a single acre. He acknowledges Macleod of Dunvegan as his chief, though his ancestors have formerly disputed the pre-eminence. Samuel ɛohnson… Western Isles of Scotland 7. To dispute (any one) into an action, belief, etc.: to persuade or influence (a person) into an action, belief, etc. by disputation; to argue into; to talk into. To dispute (any one) out of an action, belief, etc.: to dissuade from an action, belief, etc. by disputation; to argue out of; to talk out of. Remember these words as derivate from, and composed with, the Latin root putare: compute, computability, computable, computant, computation, computatio na l, computative, computativeness, computed, computer, computeracy, computerate, computerese, computerist, computerize, computerization, computerized, computing, computist, computistical, computus; count (calculation), count (v.), countable, countably, count-down, counted, counter, counting, counting- house, countless; depute, deputable, deputation, deputational, deputationist, deputationize, deputative, deputative ly, deputator, deputing, deputer, deputize, deputy, deputyship; impute, imputability, imputable, imputableness, imputably, imputation, imputative, imputative ly, imputativeness, imputed, imputedly; putative, putatively; repute (n. & v.), reputability, reputable, reputableness, reputably, reputation, reputational, reputative, reputative ly, reputed, reputedly; account (n. & v.), accountability, accountable, accountableness, accountably, accountancy, accountant, accountantship, accounted, accounting; discount (n. & v.), discounted, discounting, discountable, discounter; recount (n. & v.), recounting, recountable, recountal, recounter, recountless; disrepute, disreputability, disreputable, disreputableness, disreputably. Derivates of dispute: disputability, disputable, disputableness, disputably, disputant, disputation, disputatious, disputatiously, disputatiousness, disputative, disputative ly, disputativeness, disputator, dispued, disputer, disputing, undisputed, undisputed ly, undisputing, indisputable, indisputability, indisputableness, indisputably. _disrobe_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dIsrəUb. Etymology: it is analysable into dis- (prefix with the connotation of undoing or reversing the action or effect of the verb) and robe, which is from Old French robe (= booty). Third-person singular simple present: disrobes. Preterite tense, preterite participle: disrobed. Present participle: disrobing. Transitively: to divest (a person) of a robe or garment. Synonyms: to unclothe, undress, to strip, ungarment, disarray, disgown, unrobe. Antonyms: to robe, clothe, dress, invest, garment, enrobe. Translation: desvestir, in Spanish; svestire, in Italian; dévêtir, in French. When midnight sounded from the clock-tower he touched a bell, and his pages entered and disrobed him with much ceremony, pouring rose- water over his hands, and strewing flowers on his pillow. Oscar Wilde… The Young ɜing Alex pushed her back on the made bed and slowly, quietly unbuttoned her blouse, undid her skirt, disrobed her completely. Elise ɒlackwell… The Unfinished Score He disrobed her from the waist up and began massaging. He was fully clothed. […] he then began to thrust into her butt area as if they were having anal sex. Helena Rich… The Art of Masturdating -)With the preposition of, (or, rarely, from) followed by a noun, designative of the robe or garment: […] Eveline felt herself lifted from her palfrey, and placed carefully and safely on the ground, in a sitting posture. A moment after, the same peremptory valet who had aided her to dismount, disrobed her of her cap […] Walter Scott… The betrothed He instantly disrobed him of his blue gown, and threw him on his back with the aid of an equally powerful assistant, and began to uncover his stomach. Robert ɒallantyne… The Pirate City “You had better let me help you,” said Olive, gently, as, with a firm hand, she took hold of the shivering woman, or girl, for she did not look above seventeen, drew her to a seat, and there disrobed her of her drenched mantle. Dinah Craik… Olive -)-)Reflexively: The parascenium, among the Romans, signified a place at the back part of the theatre, to which the actors retired for the purpose of robing and disrobing themselves. James Elmes… Dictionary of the fine arts She disrobed herself even of the simple dress she wore. Anne Marsh- Caldwell… Father Darcy Quickly disrobing herself of her splendid dinner dress, she bade her maid give her […] Elizabeth Caroline… The Duke “If I had thought that any ceremony was necessary I should have sent you notice of my coming,” cried Margaret, quietly disrobing herself of her large red mantle, and her close black bonnet. Catherine Ward… The cottage on the cliff Intransitively: to divest oneself of a robe or garment. Other English words derived from disrobe: disrobement, disrober. Other English words derived from robe: robe (noun, verb), rerobe, rerobing, robed, robeless, rober, enrobe, enrober, unrobe, unrobing, unrobed. _dissave_ Verb. Etymology: analysable into dis- (prefix with the connotation of undoing or reversing the action or effect of the verb save) and save. Save is derived from Latin salvus. Intransitively: to become a dissaver; to spend more money than one gets as income, by drawing one’s savings. Translation: gastar más dinero del que uno gana, disminuyendo los ahorros, in Spanish; dépenser plus d’argent qu’on n’en gagne, jusqu’à la désépargne, in French; spendere i risparmi, in Italian. Transitively: to spend (money) by dissaving. Since money dissaved and spent is consumption, withdrawals from savings and borrowings are included in the tax base. Liam Murphy – Thomas Nagel… The Myth of Ownership If they tried to dissave in order to spend more than their incomes, the initial effect would be to raise income towards […] ɑlex McLeod… The Practice of Economics Other English words derived from Latin dissave: dissaver (one who dissaves), dissaving. Other English words derived from Latin salvus: save (noun, verb, conj.), save-all, saved, savable, saveable, unsaved, unsaveable, unsaving, safe (noun, adj.), safed, safe-conduct, safe-guard (noun, verb), safeguarding, safeguarder, safeguardance, safe-hold, safekeep, safe-keeping, safely, safener, safeness, safety (noun, verb), safety-pin (noun, verb), unsafe, unsafely, unsafeness, unsafety, sage (plant), salve (greeting), salve (verb), salved, salving, salvo, salutation, salutational, salutationless, salutatorian, salutatory, salutator ily, salute (noun, verb), saluted, saluter, salutiferous, salutiferously, saluting, unsaluted, unsaluting, unsalvable, unsalvability, unsalvableness, unsalvatory, unsalved, unsalubrious, unsalubrity, unsalutary, salvage (noun, verb), salvaged, salvaging, salvageable, salvable, salvableness, salubrious, salubriously, salubriousness, salubrify, salubrity, salver, dissever, dissaving, life-saving, life-save, life-saver. _dissemble_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: dɪs mb(ə)l. Etymology: it is believed to be the later form of the obsolete verb dissimule (= dissimulate), and to be influenced by RESEMBLE. Walter Skeat analyzed it into Old French dis- (= apart) + sembler (= to seem, appear), from Latin simulare (= to assume the appearance of, simulate). Preterite tense: dissembled. Preterite participle: dissembled. Present participle: dissembling. Transitively: 1. Obsolete acceptation: to alter the semblance of (something corporeal, as one’s form). 2. To alter the semblance of (something immaterial, as one's personality, mood, situation, action, design, feeling, etc.) so as to conceal, or deceive as to, its real quality or state; to disguise by a feigned or false semblance. Synonyms: to conceal; disguise. Translation: dissimuler, in French; disimular, in Spanish; dissimulare, in Italian. Amalrus shrugged his shoulders, smiled whimsically and reached for a goblet, dissembling his fear and fury. Robert Howard… The Scarlet Citadel Pizarro well understood that the Inca’s object in this diplomatic visit was less to do him courtesy, than to inform himself of the strength and condition of the invaders. But he was well pleased with the embassy, and dissembled his consciousness of its real purpose. William Prescott… Conquest of Peru The old gentlewoman received me very kindly, and Miss affected a frankness and gaiety, which, however, I could easily perceive were forced and dissembled. Tobias Smollett… The ɑdventures of Roderick Random Cortes dissembled the satisfaction with which he listened to these overtures… William Prescott… The conquest of Mexico “ I can do so, certainly," she replied, dissembling her readiness to grant his request. Hannah ɛones… Trials of love The Roman ambassadors, who were but little used to hear the language of a conqueror, for a while dissembled their resentment at this haughty reply... Oliver Goldsmith… History of Rome Till he had secured the passage of the Po on the bridge of Pavia, the grandson of Clovis dissembled his intentions, which he at length declared, by assaulting, almost at the same instant, the hostile camps of the Romans and Goths. Edward Gibbon… The Roman Empire That same night, a little before day, another ship joined company with us, supposing us and our two prizes to belong to their fleet, which we dissembled till morning. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels But, without dissembling the necessary imperfections of the a priori method when applied to such a subject, neither ought we, on the other hand; to exaggerate them. ɛohn Mill… A System of Logic… She stood before them straight and lithe, in a fear so well dissembled that she seemed almost bold. Rafael Sabatini… Columbus … he sought no longer to dissemble his concern, walking to and fro in the room with a contorted face… Robert Stevenson… The Master of Ballantrae The satisfaction her husband expressed in the departure of Jenny, appeared now to be only dissembled. Henry Fielding… The History of Tom Jones He had retained his employment a secret: she had dissembled hers.. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London The astronomers dissembled their ignorance of the nature of these blazing stars, which they affected to represent as the floating meteors of the air. Edward Gibbon… The Roman Empire I need not dissemble what all the country knows. Robert Stevenson… The Master of Ballantrae 3. Rare: to make semblance of not noticing (something); to neglect, ignore. … he ought not to dissemble the difficulty of adopting such a theory as may reconcile the interest… Edward Gibbon… The History… of the Roman Empire […] where it was dangerous to punish, it might be prudent to dissemble, the sallies of their native fierceness. Edward Gibbon… The Roman Empire α With clause: I do not dissemble that I was anxious to obtain it; I do not dissemble that my vows and supplications for the prosperity of the country were unremitted. Walter Landor… Pericles and Aspasia We cannot dissemble to ourselves, Monsieur, that the French expedition has been planned and executed under the inspiration of this thought. Margaret Ossoli… At Home and Abroad 4. Obsolete acceptation: to assume falsely the semblance of (anything); feign, simulate; as, to dissemble love. Intransitively: 1. To use dissimulation; to behave dissemblingly; to keep secret one’s opinion, intention, mood, etc., while expressing a false one; to conceal one’s purpose under some pretense. Synonym: to feign. They had little to subsist on but the flesh of alligators. When they reached the Quinipissas, who had proved hostile on their way down, they resolved to risk an interview with them, in the hope of obtaining food. The treacherous savages dissembled, brought them corn, and on the following night made an attack upon them... Francis Parkman… La Salle… α With the preposition with + noun of the person who is the object of the dissimulation: Avila, who was of a lofty disposition, remonstrated in an imperious manner, and Cortes was forced to dissemble with him at the time, knowing him to be a brave man. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels Acosta caused immediate investigations to be made in regard to such as had participated in this plot, and ordered several persons to be hanged who were proved to have known its circumstances: some others in the same predicament he detained prisoners, and dissembled with the rest who had been implicated, pretending not to know that they had participated in the conspiracy. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels I can no longer dissemble with you; indeed, I perceive, it would be useless. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Pelham 2. Rare: to make semblance of not noticing something censurable; --with the preposition with: I dissembled with her mistakes. Words derived from the verb DISSEMBLE: dissembler, dissembling, dissemblingly, undissembled, undissembledness, undissembling, undissemblingly. English words derived from Latin simulare, see SIMULATION. _drip_ Verb. Pronunciation: drɪp. Etymology: from Old English dryppan, which is akin to English drop. Preterite tense: dripped (drɪpt) or dript. Preterite participle: dripped or dript. Present participle: dripping. Transitively: to let or make (a liquid) fall in drops; --it is rare. However, the teatable in Mrs. Lansdowne's parlour being now set, she took a spoonful of honey which she dripped all over the cloth. Eliza Leslie… Atlantic Tales Using sticks or brushes, he flung, poured, and dripped paint onto a section of canvas he simply unrolled across his studio floor. Fred ɜleiner… Gardner’s Art… Intransitively: 1. (Someone or something as subject) to have a liquid falling or issuing in drops; to be so wet or imbued with a liquid or moisture as to have drops falling. Synonym: to drop. Translation: goutter, in French; gotear, in Spanish; gocciolare, in Italian. The fog was getting more and more dense […]. We dripped like men in a steam bath. Elisha ɜane…. The United States Grinnell Expedition -)With the preposition with, followed by a noun, by which the liquid is designated:: The walls and roof of the crevice dripped with moisture. Thomas Lawrence… Seven Pillars of Wisdom His dress was wet and disordered, and covered with green weeds, and his long dark hair dripped with moisture. ɛohn ɑkerman… Tales of Other Days They changed their course and continued the search. The rain ceased by and by, the clouds left the heavens, and the moon came out, but they saw nothing familiar about them. The great woods were dripping with water, and it was the only sound they heard, besides that made by themselves. Joseph ɑltsheler… The Young Trailers […] I observed a similar circumstance with regard to a jessamine, which dripped with water after a morning fog, while other objects remained dry. The Magazine of natural history, vol. 2 2. (A liquid as subject) to fall or issue in drops. Synonym: to drop. […] having often no other water than what drips through the rock. The London encyclopaedia The rain fell heavily on the roof, and pattered on the ground, and dripped among the evergreens and the leafless branches of the trees. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit As the king and his followers proceeded, the cavern, which at the mouth was wide, lofty and level, became narrow, low, and uneven; and, in some places, the water, oozing from the sides, had dripped down and formed small and stagnant pools through which they were forced to pass knee-deep. William ɒennet… Malpas The broad lawn was soddened by that perpetual rain. The incessant rain-drops dripped from the low branches of the black spreading cedars of Lebanon. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Henry Dunbar The shadows were cooling. Penny pointed out a bear gnaw. It was a clawed area on a tall pine tree, shoulder high to a man. The resin dripped from it. Marjorie Rawlings… The Yearling He was breathless, and the perspiration dripped from him when at last it slid into the water and he seated himself astride, with his possessions on the wet bark in front of him. Harold ɒindloss… ɑlton of Somasco Words derived from drip: dripper, dripping, drippy. _drivel_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: drɪv(ə)l. Etymology: from Middle English drevelen. Preterite tense: driveled or drivelled. Preterite participle : driveled or drivelled. Present participle: drivelling or driveling. Intransitively: 1. (Of a person) to let saliva flow from the mouth. Translation: baver, in French; babear, in Spanish; sbavare, in Italian. Synonyms: to slaver, dribble, drool, slobber. 2. (Of saliva or slaver) to flow from the mouth. […] his clothes were stained by the saliva that occasionally driveled from his lips. Thomas Holcroft… The Adventures of Hugh Trevor 'Give me a shilling!' was her reply, while the slaver drivelled unrestrained from her mouth, rendering utterly disgusting a chin that a statuary might have wished to model. Fanny ɒurney… Camilla 3. (Of a person) to talk foolishly, as if he were an infant. […] all those pitiful things over which he drivelled and doted were unworthy of a thought, an effort, or a pang. George ɛames… A book of the passions Words derived from drivel: driveller, drivelling, drivellingly. _drone_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: drəʊn. Etymology: either from DRONE, bee, or from DRONE, monotonous sound. Preterite tense: droned. Preterite participle : droned. Present participle: droning. Intransitively: 1. (of an insect, as a bee) to cause a monotonous or murmuring sound. Hence, (of a person) to speak monotonously. Synonyms: to hum, buzz. Translation: bourdonner, in French; zumbar, in Spanish; ronzare, in Italian. Myriads of tiny insects droned venomously. Eleanor ɑbbott… The Sick-a-Bed Lady A profusion of large ants swarmed upon the ground; bats whisked by, and mosquitoes droned overhead. Robert Stevenson… Travels with a Donkey… Flies droned over the dates and figs that the boys pulled from their pockets to eat. Carley Dawson… Mr. Wicker's Window No bees droned, or any insect. Marjorie Rawlings… The Yearling Within doors the bottle-green flies came out of their lethargy and droned and bumped on the panes. Frank Norris… The Pit 2. (From the noun DRONE: bee) to behave like a drone bee; to act sluggishly or idly. Hence: (of something) to become monotonous. A man rapped sharply on a table, and the conversation droned away into silence. ɛack London… Children of the Frost Transitively: 1. (Of a person) to utter droningly or monotonously. 2. To “spend” (one’s life, a part of one’s life) sluggishly. […] it must be wearisome to drone away one's life in these dull fields. The Eclectic Magazine… English words derived from the noun DRONE: dronish, dronishly, dronishness, droning, droningly, droner, droned. _droop_ Verb. Pronunciation: druːp. Etymology: from Middle English drupen. Preterite tense: drooped (druːpt). Preterite participle: drooped. Present participle: drooping. Intransitively: 1. (Of a plant, animal, etc.) to have or undergo a bent posture, or inclination or fall, from physical inability or fatigue, want of nourishment, or the like. Synonym: (of a plant) to flag. Translation: tomber, in French; caer, in Spanish; cadere, in Italian. Like a delicate flower, that has drooped on, being deprived of air and light and which suddenly revives when revisited by the zephyr and the sunbeam, she appeared to have recovered in that morning walk some portion of her former animation. Bentley's Miscellany, vol. IX He dropped the cup and spurred his horse away; but, soon fainting with loss of blood, drooped from the saddle. Charles Dickens… A Child's History of England 2. a. (Of a part of a body) to become suspended from another while being attracted downward by gravity; to be or become inclined from its vertical position, without disunion. b. Particularly: (of eyes) to be inclined downward, with the eyelids lowered; (of head, gaze, etc.) to be or become inclined from its vertical position. Synonyms: to hang, dangle. By that time the tree is a month old you may perceive a small body almost as big as one's arm, and then there are eight or ten leaves, some of them four or five foot high. The first leaves that it shoots forth are not above a foot long and half a foot broad; and the stem that bears them no bigger than one's finger; but as the tree grows higher the leaves are larger. As the young leaves spring up in the inside so the old leaves spread off, and their tops droop downward, being of a greater length and breadth by how much they are nearer the root, and at last decay and rot off, but still there are young leaves spring up out of the top, which makes the tree look always green and flourishing. William Dampier… A New Voyage Round the World Miss Walker's head suddenly drooped on Mr. Collins's shoulder. The Irish Metropolitan Magazine, vol. III Then she looked, for the first time that night, so hardly into his stern and sallow countenance, as to make his gaze droop before her own. Eliza Meteyard… Mainstone’s Housekeeper, vol. II Heavy eyelids drooped over his eyes. Oscar Wilde… The Fisherman and his Soul She suffered her head to droop back again upon the grass. George Rainsford… The False Heir -)With the preposition from + noun: The leaves drooped from the stem without losing colour. ɛohn Lindley… An Introduction to Botany […] the profusion of fair tresses that drooped from the head of Miss Dorcas, mingled in charming contrast with Ada's luxuriant, dark hair. James Maitland… The watchman 3. To descend into a space; to decline, go down; --now only of the sun, day, etc. Already the sun was drooping far down the west, and sending its golden glow sideways through the trees. The Western Literary Messenger, vol. 24-25 4. To become gradually less in vital strength and energy; to languish. But nothing can reconcile the children of the Indians, to the customs, .manners, and methods of living among the Europeans: However caressed and indulge ed, they droop and languish, until they return to the freedom and wildness of the forest. Samuel Williams… History of Vermont his horse drooped from fatigue. The Monthly Traveller, vol. 3 5. To become gradually less in courage; to become despondent. Synonym: to quail. The shout, so suddenly and generally raised, was heard beyond the ring of sentinels who guarded the pavilion of Council, and spread among the soldiers of the host, who, inactive and dispirited by disease and climate, had begun, like their leaders, to droop in resolution. Walter Scott… The Talisman Transitively: to let (face, the eyes, etc.) droop; to cause to decline or hang; to bend; turn towards the ground. Aza paused, and sighed as she drooped her head upon her bosom; yet the pause was but that of a minute. ɑnna ɒray… The Talba The secretary drooped his head with an expression of perfect acquiescence in anything that had been said or might be. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge Fleur drooped her eyelids; turned a little pale, and bit her lips. ɛohn Galsworthy… The Forsyte Saga […] I drooped my head on the shoulder of my dear aunt. Catherine George Mason… The widow's choice "Stand here and look me in the face: if you lie, I can tell it—you can't and shan't deceive me." He lifted her, by a sweep of his strong arm, on to the top of the newly-sodded grave. Thus standing somewhat on a level, he was face to face with her; and that she might not droop hers, he grasped the shawl beneath her chin. Eliza Meteyard… Mainstone’s Housekeeper, vol. II She drooped her head upon my shoulder, and lay for some time like one who slumbered. Thomas De Quincey… Narrative and Miscellaneous Papers, Vol. I. Other English words derived from droop: drooper, drooping, droopingly, droopingness. _dull_ Adjective. Pronunciation: dʌl. Etymology: from Middle English dul. Comparative form: duller. Superlative form: dullest. 1. (Of a person) characterized by dullness or slowness; lacking acuteness or wit, but not so much as to be deemed fool; not prompt to learn, think, invent, etc.; slow of understanding; ineffective for using acutely his intelligence Synonyms: stupid, doltish. Antonym: witty. Translation: stupide, in French; estúpido, in Spanish; stupido, in Italian. How dull of him to misunderstand her! George Gissing… Born in Exile Every office has some little mysteries which the dullest man may learn with a little attention, and which the greatest man cannot possibly know by intuition. One paper must be signed by the chief of the department. Thomas Macaulay… Critical and Historical Essays 2. (Of a person or one or more of his senses) lacking sensibility or intensity of perception. Synonym: blunted. The Lady Blanche looked at him with the dull eyes of a person who does not understand. Madox Ford… Ladies whose bright eyes… […] she screamed into her grandfather's dull ear. William Howells… A Fearful Responsibility and Other Stories Tarzan crept stealthily among the branches of the tree above the well-fed, […]. He made no noise that the dull ears of man could hear above the soughing of the gentle jungle breeze among the undulating foliage of the upper terraces […] Edgar Burroughs… Jungle Tales of Tarzan -)With the preposition OF + noun or verbal noun, to specify the sense that lacks intensity or sensibility: He could hear a new tone in his own voice when he replied, and was relieved to know the old man dull of perception. Henry Richardson… Australia Felix Thou art dull of ear. Walter Scott… The Talisman The early missionaries found the people of the peninsula kind-hearted and tractable, although dull of comprehension and brutal in their instincts, rude, narrow-minded, and inconstant. The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft We can not help thinking that men must have been singularly dull of comprehension, to find a difficulty in admitting what is to us so plain and simple. ɛohn Mill… A System of Logic Captain Scoresby considers these animals extremely dull of hearing: for a noise in the air, such as is produced by a person loudly shouting, is not noticed when only at the distance of a ship's length. ɛohn Loudon… The magazine of natural history 3. (Of a sensation, as pain, etc.) not intense; slightly felt. […] the discomfort then became merely a dull ache. William Howells… Indian Summer 4. (Of a thing, an animal, etc.) slow in motion; not quick in action. Synonyms: inactive, not brisk; sluggish, moped, inactive, slothful. Antonyms: active, quick, cheery, nimble, sprightly, energetic, spry, perk. So saying, and summing up the whole with a provoking wink, and such an interjectional tchick as men quicken a dull horse with, Petit Andre drew off to the other side of the path, and left the youth to digest the taunts he had treated him with, as his proud Scottish stomach best might. Walter Scott… Quentin Durward Now they must plough at a dull pace through the encumbering snow, continually pausing to decide their course, continually floundering in drifts. Robert Stevenson… The Black Arrow 5. (Of a trade, goods, merchandise, or the like) lacking commercial activity; not much in demand. Synonym: brisk. Sales were exceedingly dull. The Farmer's Magazine, vol. 24 The corn market was dull at prices as before. The Farmer's Magazine 6. (Of a person) being in no mood for cheerfulness; somewhat melancholic or sad. Synonyms: dismal; dreary. As if to test my courage, Samuel came that evening, he was dull and gloomy. The Ladies' Repository […] all that evening he was dull and sorrowful, Mary ɒraddon… Birds of Prey He was dull, except when he drank too much wine, and that, to be sure, was every day at dinner. William Thackeray… The Virginians "Come in, Kate," said he, when he perceived his niece; "I felt myself dull and lonely, and was just thinking of you as you knocked at the door. I'm almost sorry that I ever parted with you; but as you're now in a place that may do you good I shall not interfere with you." George Reynolds… The mysteries of London 7. (Of a thing) attended with dullness or irksomeness; causing no interest. Synonyms: tedious, uninteresting, uneventful, cheerless; irksome. Antonyms: exhilarating, interesting, eventful. He has the art of writing on dull subjects by no means in a dull style. The Home and Foreign Review Then she and her aunt went into the large, dull library. William Howells… The Landlord at Lion's Head I think it was the dullest little place I ever entered; and what with the monotony of an idle sea, and what with the monotony of another sea in the room (occasioned by Collins's perpetually holding his ankle over a pail of salt water, and laving it with a milk jug), I struck yesterday, and came away. Charles Dickens… The Letters of Charles Dickens I have been thinking that this is a dull and lonely place for you. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London 8. (Of a tool, etc.) not sharp or keen; lacking sharpness; not keen in edge or point. Synonyms: blunt, obtuse. Antonyms: edged, sharp. I had three large axes, and abundance of hatchets […]; but, with much chopping and cutting knotty hard wood, they were all full of notches and dull. Daniel Defoe… Robinson Crusoe If there is anything more foolish than the custom of some farmers in using illshapen, badly-constructed and dull tools, […] we do not what it is. The Valley Farmer, vol. 4-7 9. (Of a color or a visual quality) a. Lacking brilliance. b. Lacking luster. c. Of little saturation. Synonyms: dim, tarnished. Antonyms: bright, lustrous. A dull lamp was upon the drawers. Dublin University Magazine Her brown arms were bare and banded with bracelets of some dull metal. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Phantom Herd ɑnd I see a watchmaker’s with only three great pale watches of a dull metal hanging in his window, each in a separate pane. Charles Dickens… Two Idle Apprentices […] the style of a dull mind will always be like the reflection of a dull mirror. Putnam's Monthly, vol. 8 This mode may do for large brushes that have to be employed in the dull colours of some kinds of backgrounds. Theodore Fielding… On the Theory and Practice of Painting There was a small dull fire in the grate; and in a comfortable arm-chair near it, was seated the inspector - a short, stout, red-faced, consequential- looking man, with a pen stuck behind his left ear. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London I was up with the dull dawn, and, havingg dressed as quietly as I could, looked into his room. Charles Dickens… David Copperfield It was a dull dawn, with the sea quite calm. New York Journal of Romance, vol. 3 10. (Of an auditive or gustatory quality, sound, taste, etc.) not intense; indistinct. Synonym: insipid. And have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over acuteness of the senses? — now, I say, there came to my ears a low, dull, quick sound, such as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton. Edgar Poe At this idea I shrieked aloud, but the walls alone returned a dull echo to my cries. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches She knew she was sighing, but could not exactly see how the dull sounds came from her lips when she had no desire to sigh and did not make any conscious effort to do so. ɛames Stephens… Mary, Mary […] the dull sound of hammers began to echo through the stillness. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge Suddenly, however, a dull sound arose within a quarter of a mile from the city gate, as of some feeble attempt to blow a blast upon a trumpet. Thomas de Quincey… Memorials and Other Papers 11. (Of the weather) not clear or bright; cloudy. During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens. Edgar Poe English words derived from DULL: dullness, dull (verb), dullard, dullardism, dullardness, dulled, dullify, dulling, dullish, dully (adv.) _dupe_ Noun. Pronunciation: djuːp. Plural: dupes. Etymology: from French dupe (= deluded person). Definition: a person who has easily been deceived or is easily deceived. Translation: dupe, in French; incauto, in Spanish; babbeo, in Italian. Synonyms: gull, simpleton, fool. What a dupe he had been! what a shallow, miserable fool! for he had believed as firmly in Margaret Wilmot's truth, as he had believed in the blue sky above his head. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Henry Dunbar Sometimes the dupes would come back the following day, and demand the return of their money, as they had ascertained that the goods for which they had parted with it were worthless, George Reynolds… The mysteries of London -)With the preposition of + noun of the deceiver: The more I think of this, the stronger becomes my conviction that I have not been the dupe of a heartless or mercenary woman. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Henry Dunbar My charming friend, understand your own interests, and do not be the dupe of those fine phrases that we are obliged to employ to deceive others. Maria Edgeworth… Leonora I returned home with the resolution not to be the dupe of a coquette. Maria Edgeworth… Leonora I am not so vain as to be the dupe of such a trick. The Repository of arts… Perhaps you think that I am fool enough to be the dupe of your miserable and flimsy artifice, Cecilia? George Reynolds… The mysteries of London -)-)With the preposition to + noun of what is employed to deceive: […] from a milkiness of disposition, without the direction of prudence, […] he suffered himself to become a dupe to the artifices of some designing men. Henry Mackenzie… Miscellaneous works At least, all we know of his character inclines us rather to believe that Napier was a dupe to his own imagination, than that he desired to impose upon the opposite party… Walter Scott… Essay on Border Antiquities I became a dupe to his deceit. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Roderick Random Words derived from dupe: dupedom, dupism, duper, dupery, dupable, dupability, dupe (verb). _ease_ Noun. Plural: eases. Pronunciation: i:z. Etymology: of uncertain origin. The Italian agio, and the French aise are from the same. 1. The fact of something being comfortable. Translation: aise, in French; comodidad, in Spanish; agio, in Italian. Synonym: comfort. […] the ease of her circumstances, in regard to pecuniary matters, had not the magical effect on Rosa’s mind. ɑgnes Maria… The Beggar Girl -)To take one's ease: to make oneself comfortable. So after tea, while his wife departed on some domestic task, Mr McCunn took his ease with a pipe in a wicker chair on the little terrace... ɛohn ɒuchan… Castle Gay At supper the men took their ease on the ground. Constance Skinner… Pioneers of the Old Southwest 2. State of a person who is comfortable or easy; state of consciousness during which a person does not undergo discomfort or uneasiness; state of being unaffected by pain or annoyance. Antonyms: uneasiness, disease. Synonyms: painlessness, untroubledness, comfort. Having regained a little ease, he eagerly pressed Pat with inquiries about Jane and the children, and the reason of his appearance there. Felix Hamel – Lionel Hexham… Harry Roughton "I do not think I am naturally very polite," he replied, "but mother has always tried to teach me to observe and do all I can for the comfort of my sisters, and so it is easy to attend to the wants of other ladies. I feel much happier for it, even if it has been at the expense of a little ease or enjoyment. Cornelia ɒradley… At Home and Abroad When Harriet was seated in the chaise, Sindall took notice of the flutter into which this accident had thrown her; she confessed that she had been a good deal alarmed, lest there should have been a quarrel on her account, and begged Sir Thomas, if he had any regard for her ease of mind, to think no more of any vengeance against the other gentleman. Henry Mackenzie… Miscellaneous works Rosa did not altogether enjoy perfect ease of mind after Charley Stewart had left her. Thomas Lauder… Tales of the highlands He explained to me that posts were few and uncertain, and that my writing now would ensure ease of mind to my friends. ɒram Stoker… Dracula -)At ease, at one's ease: in comfort; without discomfort. Cf. French “à l’aise”, “à mon aise”, etc. […] it had greatly contributed to our comfort as regards position, we being much more at ease, and in infinitely less danger, than before. Edgar Poe "My wants are, simply to find my lost way, and then to procure some food, of which I stand much in need," replied Inverawe. "Be at ease then, for I shall help you to both," replied the person with whom he was conversing. Thomas Lauder… Tales of the highlands He has become so far one of the family, as to be welcome at all times […], and we find ourselves so much at ease with him, that we never think even of talking more than we choose, to entertain him. Henry Mackenzie… Miscellaneous works Her daughter entered the room just then; she went up to her mother, and asked how she found herself. "More at ease, my child," said she. Henry Mackenzie… Miscellaneous works I now and then visit a place where I can contemplate, at my ease, a beautiful lady — without even my presence being suspected. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London Mrs Ronald smiled and talked, as she sat at her ease and drank her tea. Sarah Whitehead… Rose Douglas, vol. II It seemed to me prudent also, as well as pleasurable, to repose till the heat of the day was moderated, in order to gain strength for our next march, which must carry us beyond the reach of Rodrigues and his wicked pirates, and as no place could be more proper for that purpose than this (wherein only by accident could we be discovered), I tore up from the rock half a dozen soft turfs, and, disposing them like a pillow, begged Lady Biddy to lie down at her ease. Frank ɒarrett… The ɑdmirable Lady ɒiddy Fane -)-)Ill at ease: uncomfortable, uneasy. […] our hero and his guide journeyed on in safety; the former ill at ease from fatigue and the pain of his foot. Eyre Crowe… Today in Ireland, vol. I The young man endeavored to join in the laugh this speech excited among the rest, though it was evident he felt ill at ease from the ridicule. Charles Lever… Tom Burke of "Ours" -) Particularly: relief from discomfort or an unpleasant feeling, as pain, etc.; with the preposition from, or of. Philip, now at ease from foreign disturbances, began to be disquieted… Alexander Tytler… Elements of general history […] after promising them luxury and ease from their toils, on their arrival at Moscow. ɛohn Laskey… Medals Struck 3. The quality, fact, or state of being easy or easily performed; found chiefly in the phrase, with ease. Antonym: difficulty But the ease with which these variable fancies were entertained, and the very plausibility which each assumed, should have been understood as indicative rather of the difficulties than of the facilities which must attend elucidation. Edgar Poe It was astonishing to observe with what ease and safety our mules ascended and descended the rough and uneven paths over the mountains. William Lempriere… A tour from Gibraltar [The squirrel] is usually kept in a box, and fed with hazel nuts. Some find amusement in observing with what ease it bites the nut open and eats the kernel. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth "Nor would I counsel such a proceeding," said Greenwood, who was himself astonished at the ease with which he had obtained this victory. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London 4. An easy attitude or position; an unconstrained position or attitude; --found particularly in the phrase, “to stand at ease”. The vanquished departed, clinching their empty hands at their opponents, and swearing inextinguishable hatred; while the smiling victors stood at ease, each grasping his booty--bag, basket, parcel, or portmanteau. Maria Edgeworth… The Absentee Words derived from ease: easy, easiness, easing, easily, easer, easement, easeless, easeful, easefully, easefulness, eased, unease, uneasy, uneaseful, uneasefulness, uneasily, uneasiness, disease, diseasing, diseased, diseasedly, diseasedness, diseaseful, diseaseless, diseasement. _elate_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: ɪˈleɪt. Etymology: from Latin elatus (= lifted), preterite participle of efferre (= to bring out, elevate), which is analysed into ex- (= out) + ferre (= bear.) Preterite tense: elated. Preterite participle: elated. Present participle: elating. Transitively: 1. To elevate; --now obsolete. 2. To cause the elation or exultation of; to cause (a person) to exult; to make feel exultant. Synonym: to flush. Translation: faire exulter, in French; hacer exultar, in Spanish; fare esultare, in Italian. The admiral was no more elated by this adulation, than he had been intimidated by the previous dissatisfaction. ɛ. Cooper… Mercedes of Castile I will neither discourage you nor elate you with vain hopes. The London Journal, vol. 7 English words derived from elate: elated, elatedly, elatedness, elatement, elater, elator, elation, elative. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin ferre, see INFERRIBLE. _elope_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: IləUp. Third-person singular simple present: elopes Preterite tense, preterite participle: eloped Present participle: eloping. Etymology: of uncertain origin. It is said that this verb might be a compound in which – lope would be of the same origin as leap (noun, verb). Intransitively: 1. (The subject is a wife) to depart surreptitiously from her husband, in order to the establishment of a cohabitation with another man; this is, to abandon secretly and illicitly one’s spouse, for another man with whom she is to cohabit. Translation: abandonner subrepticement le mari, in French; abandonar subrepticiamente al marido, in Spanish; abbandonare surrettiziamente il marito, in Italian. […] guardian to an eloped lady. Henry Fielding… The History of Tom Jones -)It may be construed with the prepositions to (place of destination), from (place or person abandoned) and with (the man who plotted with the eloper to run away together): […] the deceit of the only woman he had ever loved, and the deceit of the only friend he had ever made: who eloped from him to be married together […] Charles Dickens… Mugby Junction Angry quarrels and recriminations took place, and when they had been married nearly seven years, […], she eloped with a younger man, and left him. Charles Dickens… Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby "Yes, he has had the impudence," added the enraged husband, "even to intrude into my house, when he knew I was out of the way, and try to persuade my wife to elope with him, and even bribe my servant to bring his insulting letters to her […]” Hannah ɛones… The Gipsy Mother 2. (The subject is an unmarried woman) to depart surreptitiously from her parents with the will either to cohabit with a man or to marry him, and without the knowledge or consent of her parents. Translation: abandonner subrepticement la maison peternelle afin de cohabiter avec un homme, in French; fuggire surrettiziamente dalla casa paterna per coabitare con un uomo, in Italian; huir subrepticiamente de la casa paterna para cohabitar con un hombre, in Spanish. "Why, then, I'll just tell you what I would do, were I in your place," returned Charles, […]. "I would persuade Fanny, without further ceremony or delay, to elope and, when you are once married, leave Earl Raeburn […]" Hannah ɛones… The Gipsy Mother In her mad love for him, she would gladly have eloped -been married privately, and accompanied him to Europe. Virginia Townsend… While it was Morning Adela, at the age of sixteen, eloped with a young man, whose worthless character precluded any chance of felicity for the unhappy girl. Mrs. C. Durang… The Blind Girl I urged her to elope with me to America. Lydia Pierson… My Grandfather’s Story By the assistance of a friend, Machim escaped, and induced her to elope with him, to seek an asylum in France. Charles Wilkes… Narrative of the United States… [My mother] eloped with him, bearing with her jewels sufficient to constitute a considerable dowry. H. M. ɛones… The Scottish Chieftains [Mrs. Charles Levison] had become so infatuated by the seductive arts of […] George, that she had yielded to his persuasions and eloped with him, it was believed, to Italy. Hannah ɛones… The Gipsy Mother I have stated that Caroline was the niece of Madame Bathurst; she was the daughter of a younger sister who had contracted an unfortunate marriage, having eloped with a young man who had not a shilling that he could call his own, and whose whole dependence was upon an uncle, without a family. Frederick Marryat… Valerie 3. (The subject is a man) to make a woman depart surreptitiously or illicitly from her parents with the will of cohabiting together. Andrew has never reappeared, and he and Mabel the dairymaid are still supposed to have eloped together? Catherine Crowe… Susan Hopley How he was recognized as the person who eloped from your castle with the Lady Margaret, I know not. H. Jones… The Scottish Chieftains […] one morning, two days before the wedding was to take place, Miss Sallie was missing from her home, as was likewise Curly Thorn from the neighborhood. Yes, Thorn had eloped with her and they were married the next morning in Nacogdoches. ɑndy ɑdams… A Texas Matchmaker 4. Extensively: (the subject is an animated being) to escape; abscond. As soon as it was recognised [the body of Sir John ] and carried home, the faithful valet, true to his master's creed, eloped with all the cash and movables he could lay his hands on, and started as a finished gentleman upon his own account. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge The detectives in fact remained constant to their original theory, that Bartley had gone to Europe, and they were able to name with reasonable confidence the person with whom he had eloped. William Howells… A Modern Instance English words derived from elope: elopement, eloper, eloping. _encroach_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: nkrəʊtʃ. Etymology: from Old French encrochier (= to seize), which is analysable into en- (= prefix equivalent to in) and croc (= hook). Literally: to catch in a hook. Accroach and accroachment are also related to croc. Preterite tense: encroached. Preterite participle: encroached Present participle: encroaching. Intransitively: 1. To commit an encroachment; to intrude or usurp upon the territory of another by gradual advances or stealthily (without the use of violence.) Synonyms: infringe, trench, usurp, trespass, intrude, invade. Translation: invadir, in Spanish; empiéter, in French; sconfinare, in Italian. "When was the invasion first reported?" " The Russians have been always encroaching, and building forts on our frontier. This year they have come in greater force and a little farther than usual." James Abbott… Narrative of a journey… -)With the preposition on (or upon), followed by a noun, designative of the territory upon which the encroacher intrudes: Two farms had often been joined in one; some of them were untenanted, and encroached upon by their neighbours; some of the few houses that did exist were vacant, and some were tumbling down. George ɛames… The robber -)-)The object of the preposition on (or upon) may be the owner of the territory: You would hardly believe how much the Hollanders have already daunted the Portuguese and Spaniards in these parts, especially in the Moluccas, where they daily encroach on the Spaniards, who are unable to withstand them, and are even in fear that they may shortly deprive them of the Philippine islands. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels […] this tribe having been greatly encroached on by the inhabitants of the plains, and pushed off among the mountains. Walter Hamilton… Hindostan 2. To intrude on something incorporeal pertaining to another person, or distinguishable as “not to be intruded upon.” Yielding to the counsels of those about him, he refused, through a sentiment of mistaken pride, to accept the constitution tendered by the senate, accusing that body of encroaching upon his hereditary rights. John Frost… Napoleon Bonaparte Although Ellen had by this time attained to the unwelcome conviction that she was not fully admitted into her husband's confidence, and although a natural, yet unfortunate timidity induced her to shrink from all appearance of encroaching on it… C. ɒurdett… Walter Hamilton […] now you are encroaching on forbidden subjects. Clara Cameron… Lights and shadows I did not intend to have encroached again upon your attention; but I cannot repress my indignation. Edward Creasy… Memoirs… of Etonians When the trustees perceived that their kindness was encroached upon, they represented to him the necessity of driving to some other place, but he rejected the invitation, and refused to stir an inch without remuneration. The Visitor: Or, Monthly Instructor Do not encroach too far on my patience with your predications. Catherine Frances… Mothers and daughters 3. Metaphorically (the subject being something): to extend its limits upon those of another. The sea encroaches on the land. Charles Alexander… A week at the Lizard That the sea has encroached on some tracts of land, and retired from others, is certain. James Playfair… A System of Geography [A family] will rise early,-between six and eight o'clock, -if a ball or a party of the preceding night has not encroached on the morning. Charles Sealsfield… Austria as it is Even as I gazed, the rising clouds began to encroach on the western firmament, until only a narrow speck of sky, through which the declining sun shone out with a ghastly lustre was seen in that quarter of the horizon. Graham’s Magazine Words derived from encroach: encroacher, encroaching, encroachingly, encroachment. _enhance_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: nh ːns, nhæns. Etymology: from Old French enhaucer, from in- + altiare, from Latin altus (= high). Preterite tense: enhanced (-hanst); preterite participle: enhanced. Present participle: enhancing (hansing). Transitively: 1. To lift, raise; -- it is obsolete. 2. To increase (a quality, state, etc.); to augment the quality or intensity of. Antonyms: to lessen, diminish. Synonyms: to increase, intensify. Translation: intensifier, in French; intensificar, in Spanish; intensificare, in Italian. To enhance his surprise, his companion told him that the environs of the Castle, except the single winding path by which the portal might be safely approached, were, like the thickets through which they had passed, surrounded with every species of hidden pitfall, snare, and gin, to entrap the wretch who should venture thither without a guide. Walter Scott… Quentin Durward […] how was my pleasure enhanced when I found they all three spoke English with the utmost ease and fluency. Frances ɒurney… The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay By this time the company were laughing instead of crying, and their joy was much enhanced by the news of the departure of Taurus. Isaac Scribner… Laconia The descriptions of the species have been invariably made from the specimens before me, and in almost every instance without previous reference to the descriptions of others; a circumstance which I have thought it proper to mention, because it may enhance the value of a local catalogue to know to what extent it may be relied on, as affording data to determine how far peculiar situations affect the appearances of species. ɛohn Loudon… The magazine of natural history, vol. V 3. To magnify subjectively; to speak of (something), with an overstatement; --rarely found. Synonym: to exaggerate. 4. To augment the price, cost or worth of. They were equally unacquainted with that influx of the precious metals from America, which enhanced the money price of commodities in general before it had caused a proportional rise in the wages of labour. ɛames Mackintosh… The history of England, vol. II The Mexican war has materially enhanced the American debt ɑlexander Mackay… The Western World […] we found the price of every article of provision greatly enhanced. ɛohn Galt… Voyages and travels… 5. To augment the beauty of; --rarely found. 6. To augment the greatness of; to make greater in importance. From Norfolk himself, Margaret learned this history of his favourite sister; and the tone of deep feeling, the unconscious tear which started in his eye, as he related it, greatly enhanced the opinion she had formed of his worth. Hannah ɛones… The Scottish Chieftains This extraordinary statement has, I believe, never been contradicted, and its probability is enhanced by several other circumstances. Thomas ɒuckle… History of Civilization in England Many circumstances had occurred, during the brief period of his confinement, which tended to enhance the opinion she had formed of his character. Hannah ɛones… The Scottish Chieftains By so doing they would greatly enhance the accumulations of domestic wealth, whilst they would be, to all intents and purposes, a self-subsisting people. ɑlexander Mackay… The Western World 7. To augment the merit of (someone); -- it is obsolete. The affliction, say they, which she manifested on the death of the princess enhanced her in the opinion and regard of Don Pedro. ɑnna ɒray… The Talba Intransitively: (of something) to increase in price or in wages. Synonym: to decrease. Words derived from enhance: enhanced, enhancement, enhancer, enhancing, enhancive. _enjoin_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: ndʒɔɪn. Etymology: from Old French enjoindre, from Latin injungere (= to join on, to impose something, enjoin), which is analysed into in- (prefix) + jungere (= to join). Preterite tense: enjoined. Preterite participle: enjoined. Present participle: enjoining. Transitively: 1. Obsolete: to join. 2. To ask someone injunctively, authoritatively or compellingly to do (something); to address an injunction or instruction to someone for him to do (something). Translation: enjoindre, in French; imponer, in Spanish; ingiungere, in Italian. -)Without personal object. The object direct is a noun, a clause or (rarely) an infinitive. […] he had expressly enjoined that he should not be buried with his family. Washington Irving… Tales of a traveller It was specially enjoined that the things should be placed at Ashlydyat in the old spots where they had formerly stood. Henry Wood… The Shadow of Ashlydyat The pilot now, in deep hoarse accents, strictly enjoined that no one should speak or move till they were safely out at sea. Fanny ɒurney… The Wanderer […] it was enjoined to make war on all who refused them. William Prescott… Ferdinand… Ada pressed his arm significantly, as if to enjoin silence. Hannah ɛones… Trials of love Silence was then enjoined by Sir John Finett, who had stationed himself on the steps of the stage, and at this command the assemblage became comparatively quiet… William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches She perceived at a glance that Mr. Monroe was asleep; and, placing her finger upon her lip to enjoin silence, she put a note into Ellen's hand, saying at the same time in a low whisper, " Mr. Wentworth's servant has just brought this, with a request that it should be immediately conveyed to you, Miss." George Reynolds… The mysteries of London -)-)Particular syntax: with the preposition ON, or UPON, or formerly to, before the noun of the person enjoined. The object direct is either a noun or an infinitive. … Spenser was probably only performing the task enjoined to him by the leaders of the cabinet. ɑgnes Strickland… Queens of England Miss Lardner, confounded at this strange intelligence, made further inquiry; enjoining secrecy to the servant she had sent, as well as to the gentleman whom she employed… Samuel Richardson… Clarissa Let me enjoin it upon you to attend constantly and steadfastly to the precepts and instructions of your father, as you value the happiness of your mother and your own welfare. Familiar Letters of John Adams To my dear son remember me in the most affectionate terms. I would have written to him, but my notice is so short that I have not time. Enjoin it upon him never to disgrace his mother, and to behave worthily of his father. Familiar Letters of John Adams Not another word did Mr. Dick utter on the subject; but he made a very telegraph of himself for the next half-hour (to the great disturbance of my aunt’s mind), to enjoin inviolable secrecy on me. Charles Dickens… David Copperfield the Younger In all his expeditions he was careful to study the resources of the country, its social organization, and its physical capacities. He enjoined it on his captains to attend particularly to these objects. William Prescott… History of the conquest of Mexico On the 24th of September, 1532, five months after landing at Tumbez, Pizarro marched out at the head of his little body of adventurers from the gates of San Miguel, having enjoined it on the colonists to treat their Indian vassals with humanity… William Prescott… Conquest of Peru 3. To address an injunction to (someone), for him to do something; to compel by an injunction. The second object is an infinitive. Synonyms: to request, direct. We enjoined her to maintain the strictest silence. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London Now they were enjoined to disperse in order and depart in peace. Familiar Letters of John Adams John was far too hungry to be bashful, so he sat down, as he was enjoined to do, and speedily cleared his plate, which was promptly replenished by Moppett. William ɑinsworth… Ovingdean Grange The kind ladies […] proposed, as you have done, that I should live with them, but my mother forbade it; enjoining me, on the peril of incurring her displeasure, not to leave her, and reminding me of all the benefits I have received from her, and of the necessity of making an adequate return. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches […] he wrote a brief letter to Lady Cecilia, imploring her to forget all that had taken place between them, and enjoining her, if she entertained the slightest interest in his earthly and immortal welfare, never to seek to see him again. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London -)Obsolete syntax: to enjoin (a person) to + noun. I have enjoined them all to secresy on many grounds. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London 4. Rarely documented: to prohibit or forbid (a thing); to prohibit (a person) from (a thing). English words derived from the verb ENJOIN: enjoined, enjoiner, enjoinder, enjoining, enjoinment, injunction, injunctive, injunctively. _enlarge_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: EnlA;Ù Etymology: from Old French enlarger, which is analysable into en- (from Latin in) + large (= large). Third-person singular simple present: enlarges. Preterite tense: enlarged. Preterite participle: enlarged. Present participle: enlarging. Transitively: 1. Predicated of something extendible: to make large or larger; to augment the size of; to extend the limit of; to render more spacious or extensive. Synonym: to widen. Translation: agrandar, in Spanish; élargir, in French; ingrandire, in Italian. The first contraction is in the two auricles, which are shortened in that action. This enlarges the ventricle before it contracts. ɛohn Loudon… The magazine of natural history Notwithstanding the embarrassments of the Marquess of the Valley, he still made new efforts to enlarge the limits of discovery. William Prescott… History of the conquest of Mexico […] unexpected gifts from relatives and friends […] enabled them to enlarge their acres and adorn their dwelling. Willie Triton… The fisher boy A hole is then made in the middle, which is enlarged with a tool. Francis Thompson…. The Universal Decorator We had excavated the entire circle of four feet diameter, and now we slightly enlarged the limit, and went to the farther depth of two feet. Edgar Poe These lithodomous shell-fishes were a kind of muscle, which have the power to perforate marble and limestone; they excavate their dwellings in this solid substance partly by chemical, partly by mechanical means; and as the animal never migrates, it enlarges its house from time to time as it increases in size. Benjamin Silliman… A visit to Europe It is also worthy of notice, that the colon is not a gradually enlarged continuation of the ileum. Andrew Combe… The physiology of digestion This city is so enlarged and changed since my former visit, that, except for its position on the Mersey, I should hardly know it to be the same place. Benjamin Silliman… A visit to Europe It is natural to suppose, when a body is enlarged in bulk, that the enlargement is occasioned by the introduction of the particles of other matter, by which the particles of the expanded body are repelled to a greater distance from one another. ɛohn Timbs… Zoological series -)With the preposition to, followed by a noun, by which the augmentation is designated: […] this space, except when the fire burnt remarkably clear, was scarcely sufficient to [… drive] away the smoke. I therefore enlarged it to half the space, that is, to about six by seven or eight inches. James ɒoswell… The Scots Magazine During 550 years that the Romans possessed this town, they enlarged it to the north, and beyond the island. ɛohn Scott… A Visit to Paris in 1814 -)-)Reflexively: to become large or larger; to be further extended; to be augmented; to expand. […] it was discovered that his liver had enlarged itself beyond its ordinary size. David ɒrewster… The Edinburgh encyclopaedia, vol. 16 2. Predicated of something augmentable in other respect than that of extension: to augment the number of; to make greater in number, amount, degree, etc. Synonyms: to increase, extend, magnify. […] whilst the pages have been enlarged sufficiently to admit of the introduction of engravings of a more important size than heretofore, the general appearance of the book has been greatly improved by a slight diminution of its bulk. The Literary Souvenir -)With the preposition to, followed by a noun, by which the augmentation is designated: Mr. Lyons fixed the 40th of August annually as the period on which the prize should be contested: and the archers were limited to six. Subsequently they enlarged the number to twelve, and selected the first Thursday in July, as more convenient than the original day. George Hansard… The Book of Archery 3. a. Predicated of something vaguely localizable: to expand or augment the scope of (mind, etc.). b. Predicated of something incorporeal: render more comprehensive. […] his mind had been enlarged by historical studies and foreign travel. Thomas Macaulay… The History of England […] the Scottish parliament confirmed and enlarged these decisions. George Craik… A pictorial history of England It is at his club, and at such parties, that he makes friends, and enlarges his connections. Douglas ɛerrold… The writings of Douglas Jerrold Intransitively: 1. a. To become large or larger; to be augmented; to be further extended; to expand. b. To be augmented in scope or intensity; intensify. Cortes, who saw the boundaries of his empire thus rapidly enlarging, availed himself of the favourable dispositions of the natives to ascertain the products and resources of their several countries. William Prescott… History of the conquest of Mexico This method was the introduction of Watson's drain pipes, which were made of the iron-stone clay of Staffordshire; their surface is pierced with numerous apertures, small externally, and enlarging inwardly, which form prevents their being clogged by the earth. John Timbs… The Yearbook of Facts… Finding that I had concluded, he paused for a moment; his passion seemed gradually to enlarge, till it was no longer capable of control. William Godwin… The adventures of Caleb… […] when the stomach is full and active, […] their tortuosity disappears, their diameter enlarges, and the circulation through them becomes quicker. Andrew Combe… The physiology of digestion The Mississippi traverses a continent, and enlarges gradually from a mountain rivulet into a mighty river. Captain Hamilton… Men and manners in America 2. To speak or write at large or at length; to be diffuse in speaking or writing; to become wordy. Synonyms: to expatiate, dilate. Antonyms: abridge, condense. Translation: dilatarse, in Spanish; s’étendre, in French; dilungarsi, in Italian. -)With the preposition on, or upon, followed by the noun of the theme: […] he did not answer me, but contented himself with assuring me that I might eat in safety. He even enlarged on the excellence of some of the dishes, most of which were new to me. William Simms… Southward ho! In more than one letter he had enlarged upon the attractions of the place. Thomas Purnell… The lady Drusilla I am obliged to omit much that would amuse and interest you; but my present situation, --a noisy tavern, crowded in every corner, even in the room where I write, with the sons of riot and dissipation, -- prevents me from enlarging on particulars. Alexander Wilson… American ornithology -)-)With the preposition to, to denote the indirect object of the action: When not occupied with his pursuits of the latter description, he was sure to be busy with his family correspondence, or enlarging to me upon the comforts or kindness he had experienced at home. Robert Douglas… Adventures of a medical student A passenger enlarged to me on the wonderful and admirable qualities of the vessel, and mentioned that the queen had preferred her to the Royal George for her return to London. Johann ɜohl… Russia and the Russians Words derived from enlarge: enlargement, enlarger, enlarging, enlargingly. _ensnare_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: EnsnE@(r). Third-person singular simple present: ensnares. Preterite tense, preterite participle: ensnared Present participle: ensnaring. Etymology: it is analysed into en- (prefix) + SNARE (device for capturing animals). Transitively: 1. To catch (any animated being) in a snare. Synonyms: to entrap, snare, gin, trap. Antonyms: to free, unsnare. Translation: entrampar, in Spanish; intrappolare, in Italian. piéger, attraper, in French; trappolare, The Scandinavian or the German was a widely different animal. From time immemorial, […] his own dexterity had ensnared the bird or the fish. Samuel Dunham… Europe During the Middle Ages Some of the earliest stories of the Cheyennes refer to a time when they ensnared the animals which formed a part of their subsistence. George Grinnell… The Cheyenne Indians The natives horses of the country are small and ill-looking. The Tartars usually ride them in an amble, and this is the only pace which they go well. Nothing can be more slight and rapid than their method of breaking them in. Having ensnared the animal by means of a rope fixed at the end of a long light pole, they tie a halter round his neck, so tight that there seems to be danger of strangling him, and in this manner they pull him about for some minutes, till they consider him subdued. John Murray… The Quarterly Review Birds may be taught to assist in ensnaring other birds; but this is simply an effect of habit. Oliver Goldsmith… A History of the Earth 2. Metaphorically: to persuade (a person) into an action, by means of something incorporeal, but similar to a snare in being deceitful. Synonyms: to entrap, beguile, lure. I have been deluded, ensnared, trapped-- trapped by vile agents who have led me into the shambles. ɑrthur Doyle… Micah Clarke Somehow or other, by dint of pushing and pulling, they did attain the street at last; where Miss Miggs, all blowzed with the exertion of getting there, and with her sobs and tears, sat down upon her property to rest and grieve, until she could ensnare some other youth to help her home. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge “[…] I am not prepared,” he went on, “to deny—perhaps I may have been, without knowing it, in some degree prepared to admit—that I may have unwittingly ensnared that lady into an unhappy marriage […]” Charles Dickens… David Copperfield Other English words derived from SNARE: ensnarement, ensnarer, ensnaring, ensnaringly, ensnared, snared, snaring, snareless, snarer. _ensure_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: nʃʊə(r). Etymology: from Anglo-French enseurer, from en- (prefix for in-) + Old French seur (= sure). Preterite tense: ensured. Preterite participle : ensured. Present participle: ensuring. Transitively: 1. Obsolete and pristine values: a. To render (one) sure or confident of something (as by declaring, persuading, or convincing); assure; convince. b. To engage by a promise of marriage. He then walked leisurely around the room; and although he knew there was no other outlet, he cast a glance of scrutinizing import on every side, as if to ensure himself that he was alone. Charles Lever… Roland Cashel But a person of my acquaintance - a man of perfect credibleness - has just come to ensure me that my young master will be here again in the currency of the day. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London 2. To make (a person) secure against something, as a loss; to protect from a risk. Synonyms: to secure, assure. -)With the preposition from, or against, + noun of the risk: But while my ignorance of men and affairs in this country will ensure you from any treachery on my part, I very much fear that it will also preclude me from affording you any advantageous advice or assistance. ɒenjamin Disraeli… Vivian Grey The only reason, which Capt. Ross had [… expressed] to his men, for directing his course towards Fury Beach, was the hope, that he should there find such a stock of provisions, as would ensure them from all risk of actual want. Robert Huish… The last voyage… The captain of an American vessel with whom I am slightly acquainted, promised me that he would gain more particulars concerning him, and, if he were in actual want, leave money with some responsible person for his use, so as to ensure him against starvation. Frank Smedley… Frank Fairlegh The three fellows still abroad upon the island did not greatly trouble us; a single sentry on the shoulder of the hill was sufficient to ensure us against any sudden onslaught, and we thought, besides, they had had more than enough of fighting. Robert Stevenson… Treasure Island I cannot doubt that any nation, by wisely expending half so much in systematic efforts to educate, employ steadily and reward amply its poorer classes, would have been strengthened and ensured against invasion far more than it could be by walls like precipices and a belt of fortresses as impregnable as Gibraltar. Horace Greeley… Glances at Europe 3. Obsolete: to insure (something). 4. (The subject: something or someone) to make sure or certain the occurrence or the attainment of (something); assure; to cause to be inevitable or certain to happen. Antonyms: to jeopardize, endanger, imperil; risk. Translation: assurer, in French; asegurar, in Spanish; assicurare, in Italian. "[…] let me keep my hand just on your knee, and I swear I won't put my hand higher." To ensure my keeping my hand there, she held my wrist… Walter… My secret life […] your road is dangerous, and I know no escort that could be provided to ensure your safety. William Rede… The wedded wanderer […] anciently, as well as in the present day, a Scottish house was always rather too narrow and limited for the extent of the owner's hospitality, and some shift and contrivance was necessary, upon any unusual occasion, to ensure the accommodation of all the guests. Walter Scott… The Monastery […] said I, using all three terms to ensure my being understood. Walter… My secret life During his absence Buccarelli, the governor of Buenos Ayres, took forcible possession of the island, and, in order to ensure being the first to send the news to Spain, had the impudence to remove the rudder of a British ship of war, and detained her for twenty days. William Hunt… History of England Whatever were the circumstances of their election, their confinement for the night was, no doubt, a wise precaution, to ensure their being sober in the morning. ɛohn Stephens… Incidents of Travel in Yucatan He offered money to ensure my secrecy; but I refused it indignantly, bidding him depart and see me no more. Ellen Pickering… The Squire -)With an indirect object, or with the preposition to, or for, to signify the indirect object: If you consent to do me a trifling service, I will bestow upon you what will ensure you full meals for twelve months to come. The New Monthly Magazine, vol. 99 Each, therefore, entertained well-grounded hopes, that by adopting the truce proposed, he would ensure himself an advantage over his antagonist, although neither exactly knew in what manner or to what extent this success was to be obtained. Walter Scott… Castle Dangerous I will answer for that, Mademoiselle; for I took care to ensure myself and my good Commander here, the means of entering the Chateau of Marzay when we liked. George Payne… Rose D'Albret […] and that the money destined by Guzman's liberality for their ornamental education, might be [… used] to the purpose of ensuring them the power of supporting themselves, and assisting their parents. Charles Maturin… Melmoth the Wanderer […] it ensured us a suflicient income at the very commencement of our undertakings. The ɒanker’s Magazine […] the insect in the fly or moth state, the female being quite incapable of flight, and the male, although of a much lighter make, and more active, can fly but very imperfectly; the latter circumstance ensures to us the eggs for the following season, and thus completes the adaptation of the insect, in its different stages, to the useful purpose it is destined to fulfil for our advantage. ɛohn Loudon… The magazine of natural history No, I should wish them to marry, if I could ensure for them good husbands, not merely good fortunes. Maria Edgeworth… Tales and Novels Another reason [… stated to demonstrate the importance of] grammar in the study of a foreign language, is the prevalent belief that a knowledge of it ensures to the learners a knowledge of the vernacular grammar: we will subsequently show the fallacy of this opinion. Claude Marcel… Language as a means… English words derived from the verb ENSURE: ensurer, insurance, insurant, insure, insurer, insurable, insurability, uninsurable, uninsurability. _entice_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: EntaIs. Etymology: from Old French enticier. The etymological value was maybe “to add fuel to a fire”, if we concede that it is derived from an hypothetic Latin intitiare, which is analyzed in in- and titius (instead of titio), Latin word for firebrand. Third-person singular simple present: she/he entices. Preterite tense, preterite participle: enticed. Present participle: enticing. Transitively: 1. (Obsolete acceptation) to instigate (some one) to an action. 2. (The subject: a person) to attempt to cause (an animated being) to go or come (to, from some place) by the offer of something pleasurable or advantageous, or by other means of persuasion; this is, to induce to go or come (to, from a place) by persuasion. Antonyms: to compel, to warn off. Translation: allettare, in Italian; attirer, in French; atraer, in Spanish. The bait which is used to entice the beavers is prepared from the substance called castor. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth… […] we endeavoured to entice it [the dog] within our reach by throwing some food; but the animal, upon discovering that we were strangers, became shy. Phillip Parker… Narrative of a survey… […] with a bait sometimes affixed to the point of the weapon as a lure to entice the fish within reach. William Jardine… The natural history of fishes I had not been two days on board, when the youngsters proposed a walk into the main top. I mounted the rigging with perfect confidence, for I was always a good climber; but I had not proceeded far, when I was overtaken by the captain of the top and another man, who, without any ceremony or preface, seized me by each arm, and very deliberately lashed me fast in the rigging. They laughed at my remonstrance. I asked what they meant, and the captain of the top said very civilly, taking off his hat at the same time, “[…].” I looked down to the quarter-deck for assistance, but every one there was laughing at me and even the very little rogues of midshipmen who had enticed me up were enjoying the joke. Frederick Marryat… Frank Mildmay -)With the prepositions to or into, followed by the noun of the place where the enticer wants someone to be: […] she enticed him to a place where the grass in former years had grown rank, and as soon as he lay down she cautioned him to be quiet during her enforced absence, and though he was a very young calf he remembered and trusted in her. ɑndy ɑdams… Cattle Brands No sooner had Mr. Milsom established himself at Raynham, than he made it his business to find out the exact state of affairs at the castle. He contrived to entice one of the under-servants into his bar-parlour, and entertained the man so liberally, with a smoking jorum of strong rum-punch, that a friendly acquaintance was established between the two on the spot. Elizabeth Braddon… Run to earth I eventually got my work done so thoroughly and in such a timely fashion that I began helping the dog groomer, too, and before long the vet tech had enticed me into the hospital as well. Kim ɒloomer… Animals Taught me that […] I did not rush out of the house at once, on the occasion when Mrs A. enticed me into her bedroom in the attics, and there exhibited a chestful of the most extraordinary and suspicious splendours. Chamber’s Edinburgh journal The French were enticed into Calais and taken as in a trap. T. F. Tout… The History of England After their meal the work was renewed; Mr. Seagrave collected the branches while William and Ready worked upon the sides and roof, and before the evening closed in, the fowl-house was complete. William enticed the fowls down to it with some more split peas, and then walked away. Captain Marryat… Masterman Ready I have already informed the courteous reader that Olympus was […] located in a swampy hollow—and that for some time before my arrival there it had ceased, as the settlers said, to progress. No new inhabitants came, and many of those who had been enticed to it at the commencement of the settlement, were then talking of changing. ɛohn Galt… Lawrie Todd -)-)With the preposition towards (intended direction): He advances to the bull, in order to entice him towards him. Richard Ford… Gatherings from Spain "A fat, unwieldy little Dutch pug then appeared, […] it was adorned with what had been once a blue ribbon. I enticed it towards me, patted it, it snapped at my fingers, but I pronounced it “a little pet,' and was rewarded by detailed encomia from its owner, of its extreme value, as a house-dog, from its excessive sharpness. A tale of old Ireland -) With the adverb away, to signify that the enticer wishes some one away: They approached the crowned child, and with many sorts of playthings enticed him away, to have him in their power. Walter Pater… Greek Studies And now, lest my good resolutions should continue, my companion, who had enticed me away, comes to me; "Well, Bob," says he, clapping me upon the shoulder, "how do you do after it? Daniel Defoe… Robinson Crusoe -) -)With the adverb down, back, here, or there (intended direction): In the tops of the trees were concealed an army of black warriors, well armed with spears, slings, and war-clubs. They shouted; we replied, and entered into a parley, exhibiting various valuable trinkets, to entice them down. Jefferson ɛacobs… Adventures in the pacific ocean A favourite dog had started a hare, which took refuge in this hitherto unexplored domain. The dog followed it; and Sandy, having waited for some time for its reappearance in vain, tried to entice it back by whistling and calling. H. ɛones… The Scottish Chieftains It is to be regretted, that the court of Rome, […], interposed its authority to check the ɑ… of Spalatro in his scientific career; compelled him first to take refuge in England, and subsequently, having enticed him back to Rome, shut him up in the castle […] Thomas Morell… Elements of the history… ɒetween you and I, it’s my opinion the duke has enticed her here under false pretences. ɛohn Howard Payne… Clari Do you refuse? For what, then, have you brought me here? You knew our terms yesterday; and that all your propositions were rejected. Do you entice me here alone for single combat? Washington Irving… The works of Washington Irving […] I understood why he had enticed me there. Percy Snow… The Affair […] if you need to lock the chickens up every night to protect them from predators, feeding them in the coop in the evening will entice them there. Kimberly Willis… Raising Chickens for Dummies -) With the adverb out, to signify that the enticer wishes some one out: I was disposed to be very angry with the boatmen for having, as indeed I thought they had, deceived me in the state of the weather, and enticed me out when the sea was so violently agitated. ɑnne Plumptre… Narrative of a residence in Ireland… […] an Englishman was shot by an arrow at the door of his house, early in the evening. The Indians enticed him out by making a noise near by. Charles Wilkes… Narrative of the United States… -) -)With the adverb off, to signify that the enticer wishes some one off: Not long ago, in the city of ɒoston, we believe, there was a “highly-respectab le ” young lady, […] who absconded from her father’s house, to become the bride of a negro scoundrel, who enticed her off. Debow’s review, vol. 10 -) -)-)With the preposition off, or from: [I] removed the couple into a large breeding cage, where they soon commenced building a nest, and a more affectionate pair I never saw, he serenaded his mate with his curious song, fed her on the nest with the greatest attention and tenderness, and often enticed her off the nest for exercise and immediately took her seat on the eggs until her return. ɛoseph Paxton… The Horticultural register, vol. 2 The captain manned the boat with an armed crew and started in pursuit of the canoes, which retreated to one of the small islands near the main, and, scampering over the beach, the natives hid themselves in the bushes, from the covert of which we found it impossible to entice them. Thomas ɛacobs… Adventures in the pacific ocean “I remember her well,” replied her friend, “as also the happy man destined for her spouse, and whom it was suspected enticed her from her sister’s house, to accompany him to his native land. Zara Wentworth… The force of bigotry I will not entice you from your husband! George Reynolds… The mysteries of the court of London [I] wrote that letter to entice you from home. Forester Fitz-David… Alice Littleton The rook entices its young from the breeding trees, as soon as they can flutter to any other. John Knapp… The journal of a naturalist 3. (The subject being a thing) to be so allicient or attractive as to cause (some one) to come (to some place). The delightfully warm weather […] enticed me out of doors. William Mavor… A general collection of voyages… At the general store, she purchased a few items –a tin of ground coffee, a package of crackers, and other staples. She started back in the direction of her cabin, feeling better for having gotten out for a while, when an aroma enticed her off course. Tamera ɑlexander… Beyond This Moment The plenty of this Island enticed beggars to it, who seemed so burdensome to the inhabitants, that a formal compact was drawn up, by which they obliged themselves to grant no more relief to casual wanderers […] Samuel ɛohnson… A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland During our journey we saw small herds of deer and antelopes, doubtless enticed to the water-courses by the recent rains. Frederick Marryat… Monsieur Violet 4. (The subject: a person) to induce (an animated being) to do something by the offer of something pleasurable or advantageous, or by other means of persuasion. Synonyms: to court (some one) to do something, draw, seduce, persuade, allure, coax, seduce, inveigle, incite, prevail on. Antonyms: to deter, discourage, daunt, dissuade. Translation: allettare, in Italian; inciter, in French; inducir, in Spanish. I get out of bed and undress while he watches. He must stand at attention and not move while I entice him. When I am nude, I come over to him and caress him and rub my body against him, but he must remain at attention. Nancy Friday… Forbidden flowers -)With the preposition into + a noun or a gerund: […] it is he who has enticed the sons of Latimer and Fitzhugh into the revolt, and resigned his own command to the martial cunning of Sir John Coniers. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… The Last of The Barons At this point a grave controversy on work might have arisen, but the children, caring little for conversation, broke into so tumultuous play that talk could not be proceeded with. Mary was enticed into a game composed in part of pussy-fourcorners and tip-an-tig. ɛames Stephens… Mary He must not allow himself to be enticed into any flirtation whatever, beyond a glance or a smile Susan Cooper… Elinor Wyllys His figures, naturally enormous, were carefully magnified by him into ludicrous proportions on the black-board at the school, lest the hinder row of his class should be unable to read them. His pupils, amused at their gigantic size, affected not to be able to distinguish them clearly, in order to entice him into caricaturing his caricatures. The Eclectic magazine, vol. 37 -)-)With the prepositions to, before a noun or an infinitive designative of the action or practice that the enticer expects to be done by the allured person: Entering the saloon, there sat about twenty women, with boots and stockings on, otherwise naked as born — for those who had gauze about them threw it off directly I was seen. — Some lifting up a thigh, some pulling their quims open […]. Sitting close together as they in the circle were, each tried to entice me to select her for my pleasure in erotic amusements. Walter… My secret life There was this difference between Augustus Tomlinson and Long Ned,—Ned was the acting knave, Augustus the reasoning one; and we may see therefore, by a little reflection, that Tomlinson was a far more perilous companion than Pepper,—for showy theories are always more seductive to the young and clever than suasive examples, and the vanity of the youthful makes them better pleased by being convinced of a thing than by being enticed to it. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Paul Clifford Take courage, my dear little guest; Zee can't compel you to marry her. She can only entice you to do so. Don't be enticed. Edward ɒulwer Lytton… The Coming Race I was no longer to be the future poet-laureate; I was no more enticed to sing great deeds, but to do them. Edward Howard… Rattlin the Reefer […] he tried to entice Mr. Wickfield to drink. Charles Dickens… David Copperfield -) With the preposition with (the thing offered as pleasurable or advantageous): The very first sexually related experience I remember was of a homosexual nature. When I was four or five, an older neighbor girl once enticed me with an offer of money to remove my panties and pull up my skirt in her presence. This experience was purely exhibitory, as there was no bodily contact between us. Floyd Martinson… Infant and child sexuality I wanted him inside me. I wanted to kiss his lips. He obeyed and met my mouth with his tongue. My right leg rose slightly so he could enter without hesitatio n. John caressed one of my breasts with one hand as he sucked the other. He raised his hips and enticed me with his penis. Savette ɒrown… Bosslady In order not to disappoint my customers […], I enticed them with a piece of chicken or other meat. Dick Dekker… Wildlife Adventures… 5. (The subject being a thing) a. To be allicient (attractive) to (some one) b. To be so attractive as to induce (some one) to do something. "There's something on your mind," Florimel went on, partly from willingness to serve Mrs Stewart, partly enticed by the romance of being Malcolm's comforter, or perhaps confessor. George MacDonald… Malcolm We went to a small ball, which my uncle and other cousin had not accepted. Hannah's white shoulders and breasts enticed me. Walter… My secret life Pulling out the tin of tea, she opened it and sniffed the dried leaves. The rich aroma enticed her into taking a deeper draw. ɜim Sawyer… A Promise for Spring Not the city only, but the whole country round about it, would appear to be an inexhaustible mine of antiquarian treasure; and whether the traveller visits it for the first or for the ninety-ninth time, he may find a thousand novelties to delight him, and entice him to a protracted sojourn. Thomas ɒacon… The oriental Annual Other English words derived from entice: re-entice, enticer, enticement, enticing, enticingly. _escalade_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: skəleɪd. Etymology: from noun ESCALADE, from the French verb escalade, from Italian scalata, preterite participle of scalare to scale, from scala (= ladder), from Latin scala. Preterite tense: escaladed. Preterite participle: escaladed. Present participle: escalading. Transitively: to accomplish an escalade; to climb to the top of and get over (a wall, a gate, etc.), by means of one or more ladders; scale. Translation: escalade, in French; escalada, in Spanish; scalata, in Italian. […] the ramparts might be battered down, escaladed, or the gates burst open. Sabine Baring-Gould… Castles… of Europe A place, however, was found, at which the wall might be escaladed, when Captain Campbell mounted with the light infantry of the 94th regiment, and opened the gate. ɛames Mill… The History of British India A false report having been made to Philippon that one of the bastions had been entered by the assailants, the falsehood of that intelligence made him doubt and hesitate when he heard they were escalading the castle. Robert Southey… History of the Peninsular War The next day, as I expected, the enemy attacked us in great force, attempting to escalade the fort. William Thackeray… Burlesques […] we decided at last to escalade a garden wall, where we could certainly sleep in the shadow of the trees. Robert Stevenson… The Master of Ballantrae English words derived from the verb ESCALADE: escalader, escalading. _eschew_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: stʃuː Etymology: derived from Old French eschiver, eschever (= to shun). It is etymologically identical with Spanish esquivar, French esquiver and Italian schivare. Third-person singular simple present: she/he eschews. Preterite tense, preterite participle: eschewed. Present participle: eschewing. Transitively: 1. Archaic acceptations: a. To keep prudentially away from (a place, a person, etc.); to caution oneself from touching. b. To avoid; caution oneself or prevent oneself from being affected by (a danger). Everything reminded me of him; the books on the table, that we had read together, with his pencil marks straying down the margin; the rocking-chair in the corner; this was the place where he sang, and there he told that comical story, and somewhere else I had sat with his arms about me, […]. ɑs for the garden, I eschewed this entirely, for every tree, and flower, and walk, had its story of the past. Virginia Twonsend… While it was Morning […] she beheld, in the gloom, a sullen and terrible form walking alone, as if eschewed by all, and his arms were bare to the shoulder. ɛohn Galt… The spaewife 2. To abstain from; this is: a. To caution oneself from using (something undesired, unsuitable or unpreferred); not to use it after deliberation upon its convenience, suitability, etc. Synonyms: to avoid, shun. Antonyms: desire, use, employ. Translation: evitar, in Spanish; éviter, in French; evitare, in Italian. Eschew […] big words; get them as small as possible, and write them upside down. Edgar Poe Many of the first painters of the present day seem to eschew the use of monograms. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 434 'Pray, Mr Brick,' said Martin, turning to him, and asking a question more for conversation's sake than from any feeling of interest in its subject, 'who is that;' he was going to say 'young' but thought it prudent to eschew the word—'that very short gentleman yonder, with the red nose?' Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit These [themes] the mere romanticist must eschew, if he do not wish to offend. Edgar Poe Whist has long been noted for its influence upon what is termed the calculating power; and men of the highest order of intellect have been known to take an apparently unaccountable delight in it, while eschewing chess as frivolous. Edgar Poe… The Murder in the Rue Morgue [Jim] has already eschewed green coats, red neckcloths, and other worldly ornaments, and is preparing himself for a change in his condition. William Thackeray… Vanity Fair One suggestion, though it be a late one. Do have upon the table, in the opening scene of the second act, something in a velvet case, or frame, that may look like a large miniature of Mabel, such as one of Ross's, and eschew that picture. Charles Dickens… The Letters… […] the system of cramming is to be eschewed, whilst the formation of habits of comparing, reasoning […] is to be encouraged. The Chemical News Verbosity and diffuseness should be carefully eschewed by the writers of the present day. The Knickerbocker, vol. 2 b. To caution oneself from feeling (an emotion). Antonym: to undergo. Eschew all envy, and petty jealousies, and rivalries Susan Cooper… Elinor Wyllys c. To caution oneself from suffering (an undesired or unpreferred fact). Antonyms: to pursue, seek, try to obtain, desire, undergo. Synonyms: to avoid, shun. Next day, Croquet eschewed my company. Chamber’s Edinburgh journal The cat, and Paul, and Mrs Pipchin, were constantly to be found in their usual places after dark; and Paul, eschewing the companionship of Master Bitherstone, went on studying Mrs Pipchin, and the cat, and the fire, night after night, as if they were a book of necromancy, in three volumes. Charles Dickens… Dombey And Son Cartouche, after this, did not care to meet his brother-in-law, but eschewed all those occasions on which the latter was to be present at his father's house. William Thackeray… The Paris Sketch Book… d. To caution oneself from doing (an act, which may be signified with a gerund) Antonyms: to desire, purpose, be willing, try. Synonyms: to avoid, shun, be unwilling, forgo. We all now began to settle ourselves in our respective places. Those who had bundles, if they could not get them beneath the seats, managed to place them at their feet; but all in my neighbourhood, I observed, carefully eschewed coming in contact with Miss Strang. Sarah Whitehead… Rose Douglas Other English words derived from eschew: eschewal, eschewance, eschewer, eschewing, eschewment. _excellency_ Noun. Pronunciation and accent: ksələnsɪ. Plural: excellencies. Etymology: from Latin excellentia, which is the noun of excellent, participle of excellere (= to excel). It is etymologically identical to French excellence, Spanish excelencia and Italian eccellenza. 1. The state or quality of being excellent; excellence; the fact of excelling or being superior in something. Synonyms: superiority, betterness, superiorship, supremacy, excellingness, eminence. Antonyms: inferiority, commonplaceness, mediocrity. [Writing about a variety of fish] as an article of food or luxury, we cannot agree with its celebrator, Ausonius, in its excellency over our other fresh water fishes. William Jardine… History of Fishes Fountains, famous for the excellency of their water. Lady Montague… Letters While the brig was getting ready, he frequently urged upon me the excellency of the opportunity now offered for indulging my desire of travel. Edgar Poe [Sea Perch fish] was celebrated as well for the excellency of its flavour, as for the stratagems it used when encircled by nets, or fastened by the hook. William ɛardine… History of Fishes […] it must be considered, that, if the excellency of a painter consisted only in this kind of imitation, painting must lose its rank, and be no longer considered as a liberal art. Samuel Johnson… The Adventurer and Idler -)It occurred in such phrases as by excellency, for excellency, with excellency, (now obsolete): which seem to be the translation from a Latin idiotism with the adverbial meaning of “excellingly”, “in an excelling manner” and “so named, so denominated as being excelling or the best”. In French par excellence; in Italian, par eccellenza; and, in Spanish, por excelencia. 2. (Obsolete acception) something or someone that excels. 3. That in which a person or thing excels; excellence; an excellent (very good) quality; that which makes (a person or thing) to be very good or excellent. I made an entrance, in my last paper, on the important subject of visiting, and distinguished the different kinds of visits now in vogue amongst us, with their excellencies and defects. Nathan Drake… The Gleaner Whatever were the moral excellencies of queen Sophia… ɑgnes Strickland… Queens of England It would be too much, however, even for Addison, to have so many excellencies without some defects. William ɒanks… The English Master 4. a. (Obsolete acception) An excellent person. b. As a title of honour or a servile mode of address to certain persons. Words derived from the verb EXCEL: excellence, excellent, excellently, excelling (noun), excelling (adj.), excellingly, excellingness. _extol_ or _extoll_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: kst l, kstəʊl. Etymology: from Latin extollĕre (= to elevate), from ex- (prefix) + tollĕre (= to raise, lift.) Preterite tense: extolled. Preterite participle: extolled. Present participle: extolling. Transitively: 1. To elevate; to place on high; --it is obsolete. 2. To praise highly or greatly; to talk extollingly about. Synonyms: to magnify, celebrate, commend, eulogize, laud. Translation: vanter, in French; exaltar, in Spanish; esaltare, in Italian. Antonyms: to discommend, to depreciate, blame, to reproach, reprove, censure, carp at, scold, chide, rebuke, reprimand, berate, taunt, twit, snub. I should not have been so severe upon this actor, had I not seen him extolled by his partisans with the most ridiculous and fulsome manifestations of praise, even in those very circumstances wherein (as I have observed) he chiefly failed. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle The coffee, which at first I had declined, but which all present extolled to the skies, seemed to offer an antidote to the Chinese poison. The Repository of arts, literature, commerce, manufactures, fashions Shell fish have been greatly extolled by some physicians, as nutritive and easilydigestible articles of food. ɛohn Scott… The London Magazine, vol. V -)Reflexively: From what I have here asserted, let it not be imagined that my object is to extol myself and to depreciate others. The New Sporting Magazine, vol. 3 English words derived from the verb extol: extolling, extolled, extoller, extollingly. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin tollĕre, see ELATE. _extort_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: kstɔːt. Etymology: from Latin extortus, preterite participle of extorquere (= to twist or wrench out, to extort), from ex- (= out) + torquere (= to turn about, twist). Preterite tense: extorted. Preterite participle : extorted. Present participle: extorting. Transitively: 1. a. To obtain (something immaterial, as a confession) from a person by extortion, torture, intimidation, threat, or the like. b. To acquire or gain (something material, as money) from a person by extortion, torture, intimidation, threat, exaction, or the like. Synonyms: to wrest, wring. Translation: extorquer, in French; extorsionar, in Spanish; estorcere, in Italian. Against the testimony of Bennet, the earl produced one of his own letters, in which he acknowledged that his confession was false, and had been extorted by threats of torture and death. ɑgnes Strickland… Queens of England […] instances in which kings had extorted money without the authority of Parliament. Thomas Macaulay… The History of England… Her malignant influence now began to be felt throughout the whole district, and by dint of menaces and positive acts of mischief, she extorted all she required. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches -)With the preposition from (very rarely of) + noun of the person: The magistrates, however, interfered, and endeavored to extort a confession from Goethe. He, as the son of a respectable family, was to be pardoned; the others to be punished. No confession, however, could be extorted. Thomas de Quincey… Biographical Essays Rich in the accumulated treasures of the East, he extorted from the Romans an annual payment of thirty thousand pieces of gold. Edward Gibbon… The Decline… of the Roman Empire But the rascal has held the threat of discovery over Clavering […], and has extorted money from him […] William Thackeray… The History of Pendennis […] he charges Leo with hoarding the treasures which he extorted from the people. Edward Gibbon… The Decline… of the Roman Empire 2. Hence: to obtain (something, as a promise) from a person by importunity, persuasion, or the like. […] he motioned me to the door, but nowithstanding my solicitations and entreaty, I was unable to extort another word. Louis Chamerovzow… The chronicles of the Bastile A message to parliament recommending economy was extorted from the king as an introduction to a plan... William Hunt… History of England “Well, my dear friend,” said my aunt, after a pause, “and you have really extorted the money back from him?” Charles Dickens… David Copperfield the Younger He extorted from me a promise of forgiveness. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa When we had walked till we were weary, we called up the boat, but both our Indians, Tituboalo and Tuahow, were missing: They had, it seems, stayed behind at Waheatua's, expecting us to return thither, in consequence of a promise which had been extorted from us, and which we had it not in our power to fulfil. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels 3. Metaphorically: (the subject being an immaterial thing): He protests now against those promises as extorted by violence. Margaret Ossoli… At Home and Abroad I cannot bind myself. Nor could you trust a promise extorted by fear. Mary ɒrunton… Self-control […] he was attracted to the front door by a sound of voices, and found Lady Marayne had been up still earlier and was dismounting from a large effective black horse. This extorted an unwilling admiration from him. Herbert Wells… The Research Magnificent 4. Metaphorically: to derive (a conclusion) from a text, a speech, etc. by perverting it. How is it possible to extort a meaning from all this jargon… Edgar Poe Intransitively: to practice extortion. Words derived from the verb EXTORT: extorting, extortion, extorter, extortionary, extortioner, extortionist, extortive. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin torquere, see CONTORT. _fellate_ Transitive verb. Pronunciation and accent: f leɪt. Present third person singular: she/he fellates Preterite tense, preterite participle: fellated Present participle: fellating. Etymology: denominative verb from the noun FELLATIO, which is derived from fellare (= to suck). Other words derived from Latin fellare: fellator, fellatrix, fellatory. Defintion: to perform a fellatio on; this is, to suck erotically the penis of. Translation: sucer, in French; succhiare, in Italian; chupar, in Spanish. Cleopatra is said to have fellated a thousand men. Jonathan Margolis… Orgasm He was leaning back on his deep red cushion, being fellated by a beautiful naked […] girl. Evangeline ɑnderson… The Pleasure Palace Every week or so we’d have long, intense phone discussions about, for instance, why lesbians in porn movies seem to enjoy fellating dildos. Women’s Health, March 2008 Some men who consider themselves heterosexual are happy to be fellated by another man because they do not feel as if they are performing a homosexual act. ɛonathan Margolis… Orgasm [A scene] representing a foursome, in which one man, kneeling on the floor, penetrates the man in front, who, in turn, is being fellated by a woman, who, in turn, is receiving cunnilingus from another woman. Edward Shorter… Written in the flesh _fellator_ Noun. Plural: fellators. Pronunciation and accent: fellator. Etymology: from Latin fellator (= who fellates), from verbe fellare. Etymological identity with the Spanish felador (feladora, felatriz), the French fellateur (fellatrice) and the Italian fellatore (fellatrice). Defintion: a woman or a man who fellates a man; a woman or a man who pleases or attempts to please a man with a fellatio; a licker or sucker of a penis. Another observation about fellatio, made by Masters and Johnson, is that when the fellated partner ejaculated, male fellators more often swallowed the semen, women did not. Louis ɒerman… Puzzle of Male Homosexuality Some skilled “deep throat” fellators manage to learn to recondition their gag reflex by a process of slowly taking the penis deeper into the throat. ɛonathan Margolis… Orgasm The gag reflex, which may […] be stimulated by ejaculation in the mouth, may be overcome for some fellators by grasping the base of the penis with a hand and thereby feeling in control of the depth of penetration. ɛonathan Margolis… Orgasm _fellatrix_ Feminine noun. Plural: fellatrices, fellatrixes. Accent: fellatrix. Etymology: from Latin fellator (= who fellates), from verbe fellare. It is semantically and etymologically identical with the Spanish feladora, felatriz, the Italian fellatrice and the French fellatrice. Defintion: a woman who fellates a man; a woman who pleases or attempts to please a man with a fellatio; a female licker or sucker of a penis. In Moscow there's a school where they go to become world-class fellatrixes. Carl Hiaasen… Sick puppy Skilled fellatrices and young boys trained in the arts of oral stimulation were a popular speciality. Nickie Roberts… Whores in history _filch_ Verb. Etymology: fɪlʃ. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense: filched. Preterite participle: filched. Present participle: filching. Transitively: 1. To take away furtively (portable property belonging to another), without intention of giving it back. Synonyms: to pilfer, to steal. Antonyms: to purchase, buy. Translation: dérober, in French; robar, in Spanish; rubare, in Italian. … an ambassador that has his private papers filched by a common sneak-thief in the underground railway… Valentine Williams… The Man with the Clubfoot I had to check the incursions of lawless desperadoes […], who periodically swooped down on my scattered villages, and harried the herds, stole the grain, or filched the forest products of my domain. ɛames Inglis… Tent life […] a fine silk shawl, which she had purchased or filched, no one knowing how she came into possession of it… Anne Marsh- Caldwell… Castle Avon I suppose Harry Kenton could scarcely have contained himself had he known it was my sister who filched that map from the Curtis house in Richmond and that it was to me she gave it. ɛoseph ɑltsheler… The Tree of Appomattox […] we remember an instance related to us, of a pile of copper which had been coined into ten kopeck pieces, which was locked in a strong room, and which, on being visited, was found to have sunk away in the middle, forming a hole like the crater of a volcano. It was discovered that a hole had been bored through the flooring, and that from an office situated below it, the officers had filched the pieces, pulling them through by a pole and wire. Charles Henningsen… Revelations of Russia vol. II Bring me my pistol, the one that the Indian filched from me while I slept. ɛoseph ɑltsheler… The Masters of the Peaks -) In participle: [Merton] lighted the filched cigar. Harry Wilson… Merton of the Movies Crimes were committed, sheep filched, and drovers robbed and beaten… Robert Stevenson… Memories and Portraits 2. Rare: to deprive (a person) of something by force and without intention of giving it back; to rob. […] no man is in danger of either being filched of his purse, or if he chanced to lose it by accident, of not regaining it. William Howitt… The rural life of England, vol. I 3. Metaphorical: to extort (something) from someone. […] if he had not filched your secrets from you… Mary ɒraddon… Charlotte’s Inheritance 4. Improper use: to usurp. At your solicitation, the boundaries of your property were changed, and large slips of land filched from another… William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches Some of them stole my writings, and some filched my discoveries. Charles Lever… One of them I have seen a very impassionate effusion of poetry that he has addressed to her, filched from some album or other, for I recollect having seen the lines somewhere before. Emma Nevitte… Retribution She exacted from him, however, the full restitution of such domains and fortresses as he had filched from the crown and from the city of Seville, on condition of similar concessions by his rival, the duke of Medina Sidonia. William Prescott… History of the reign of Ferdinand… Words derived from the verb FILCH: filcher, filchery, filching. _finger_ Verb. Pronunciation: fɪŋgə(r). Third-person singular simple present: fingers. Preterite tense, preterite participle: fingered. Present participle: fingering. Etymology: verbalization of the English noun FINGER. Transitively: 1. To touch or feel with one or more fingers; to take or hold with one’s fingers. Translation: toucher avec les doigts, in French; tocar con los dedos, in Spanish; toccare colle dita, in Italian. Looking down she noticed the hem of his t–shirt was just starting to come undone, a crinkly little thread zigzagging above the black cotton. Absentmindedly she fingered the thread, pulling it lightly, just to the point where all the tiny kinks came straight, then letting it contract again. Varian ɜrylov… Abduction A five dollar gold piece and three silver dollars! She fingered the coins shyly, not knowing what to say. Finally, she looked up. Chad wasn't smiling, but he wasn't scowling, either. She chewed on her lip, rattled the coins just to hear them jingle, and said, "You're paying me?" Susan Marlow… Andrea Carter… We noticed […] that Laura fingered her mouth and chin nervously, as if she had to have an oulet and had substituted this for the thumb-sucking. ɒlanche Weill… Through Children’s Eyes Mrs. Bowen fingered the edges of her book. William Howells… Indian Summer Uncle Gerald walked up and down his library with a troubled countenance, one hand clasped behind him, while the other fingered the buttons of his dressinggown. Virginia Townsend… While it was Morning 2. Specially: to masturbate (a person, one’s penis, one’s vulva, one’s clitoris, one’s anus, etc.) with one or more fingers. Without saying a word, Red spread the lips of her pussy and fingered her clit a little more. She took the same two fingers and sucked them. Vickie Stringer… Dirty Red I jerked him off and he fingered me using two inside me and and one on my clit. This man was an expert at pleasing a woman. I massaged his semen into my belly as we rested in the sun. Roberta Woods… My Incredible Sex Life […] he delicately fingered her virgin ass. Varian Krylov… Abduction [I] looked at her little cunt, and felt and fingered it inside and out. Walter… My Secret Life She pulled the lips apart, revealing the moist pink flesh within. […] Inserting a finger into her cunt, she gently fingered herself. Thomas Wainwright… Erotica Tales That day at lunch, we fingered each other in a stall in the ladies room next to the library. Roberta Woods… My Incredible Sex Life 3. To play upon (an instrument) with one or more fingers; to type with one or more fingers. […] he again fingered the guitar with the ease of one who had mastered all its pulses. William Simms… Southward Ho! Joe fingered the piano keys in what seemed to be a random pattern. Mary Cartledgehayes… Grace […] she fingered the keyboard of her favorite instrument. Charles ɒrown… A Great Game 4. To play (a passage of music) with the fingers used in a certain manner. 5. To mark (a piece of music) with fingered symbols that indicate the fingers with which the notes are to be played. 6. To point out with one finger. Hence, abusively: to designate, to choose, as if by a finger. Southern was fingered as the team to win in 1966. And it did. Ebony Jul 1966 Ed Rosenbaum was fingered as the active manager of the executive office. Stuart Mclver… Touched by the Sun 7. Metaphorical acceptations: a. (The subject being a conspirator) to target (a person, a thing or a place) as the object of an intended robbery or other unlaw. I become aware that the eyes at any window […] could have fingered me for extermination. Michael Sorkin… Some Assembly Required b. (The subject being an injured person or a witness) To identify (a criminal) to the police. […] the dealer being robbed is also the partner of the cop who fingered him for the robbery. New York Magazine, 1973 […] an FɒI man was fingered for having been a Russian agent for many of his 15 years of service. S. Peter ɜarlow… Targeted by the CIA Intransitiely: 1. To use one or more fingers in touching something or someone. -)With the preposition at + noun of what is touched: He touched and fingered at these papers, in a sort of vague, inane manner, still continuing to murmur to himself. Littell’s The Living Age 2. (The subject being a musical instrument) to be fingered. […] the valve trombone was the standard instrument, in part because it fingered the same as the whole family of brasses. ɛames Collier… Duke Ellington English words derived from, or compounded with, the noun finger: fingerab le, fingerative, fingerer, fingered, fingerful, fingering, fingerless, finger-nail, finger-pick ing, finger-picked, finger-picker, finger-post, finger-posted, finger-postless, finger- post (verb), finger-stall, finger-tip, fngery, forefinger. _flabby_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: flæbɪ. Etymology: it is said to be a variant of flappy. Comparative form: flabbier. Superlative form: flabbiest. 1. a. (Of a person or other animal) whose skin and muscles are unfirm; having flabbiness. b. (Of skin, flesh, etc.) lacking firmness; hanging loose; not stretched; yielding easily to the touch. Synonyms: slack, relaxed, soft, unmuscled, flaccid, limp. Antonyms: firm, hard. Translation: flasque, in French; flácido, in Spanish; flaccido, in Italian. […] I have known horses at their best whose muscles would feel soft and all but flabby, instead of being elastic and firm to the touch. Harry Hieover… Stable talk, vol. II His face was more solid than that of his associate; but the flesh was flabby, the cheeks seeming almost as pendulous and as ruddy as the comb of an old game cock. Robert Williams… Maids of honour, vol. 3 We reject men who are fat, or thin and flabby, or whose nerves are shaky—we refer them back to training. Herbert Wells... A Modern Utopia At the door I put her against the wall and rubbed as well as I could my flabby cock between her cunt-lips. Walter… My Secret Life Her flesh was as firm as ivory, her shoulders were big and square, her waist large, her breasts big solid globes, not flabby, tho they hung down, but big, solid lumps, and the whiteness of her flesh was dazzling. Walter… My Secret Life The abdominal muscles become flabbier and flabbier. Lucy ɒland, Laura Doan… Sexology Uncensored 2. Hence: (of a verbal work): weak, lacking effect. Margaret gathered together these letters, and examined them. Three of them-very old, faded, and flabby--were directed to "Joseph Wilmot, care of the Governor of Norfolk Island," in a prim, clerk-like hand. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Henry Dunbar Words derived from flabby: flabbily, flabbiness. _flag_ Verb. Pronunciation: flæg. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Walter Skeat stated: “weakened from the form flack, [obsolete verb for to hang loosely.]” Preterite tense: flagged; Preterite participle: flagged. Present participle: flagging. Intransitively: 1. (Of a textile fabric) to undergo a droop; to become limp or unstiffened while hanging; to hang without stiffness. Synonyms: to bend down, droop, collapse. Translation: perdre de sa vigueur, in French; perder el vigor, in Spanish; perdere la sua forza, in Italian. […] all at once, the breeze slackened, our course was arrested, our sails flagged, and here we are, helplessly afloat, waiting for a fresh tide. Sarah ɒurney… Traits of nature 2. (Of a plant) to become limp; to have or undergo a bent posture, or inclination or fall, from want of nourishment, deficiency of moisture, or the like; to lose freshness and vigour. Synonyms: to droop, fade, wilt. Antonyms: to renew. The weather was exceedingly hot. In two days the earth round the plants watered separately was dry, and the plants flagged. The Gardener and Practical Florist, vol. 3 In respect to watering, if you are always on the spot, it would be better to do it only when the plants begin to flag. George Glenny… Glenny's Hand-book it is wrong to wait till the leaves begin to flag for want of water. The Floricultural Cabinet and Florists' Magazine, vol. IX 3. (Of a bird) to fly unsteadily; to move its wings feebly; --it is obsolete. 4. (Of a person or another animal) to become feeble; to fail in his locomotion through fatigue or the like; to lose vigour. Synonym: to languish. […] the dogs begin to flag, and show symptoms of weariness. Autobiography of an Irish traveller […] the dogs flagged in their speed, — their strength was failing, for they had not had, among them all, enough food for the meal of one dog. Isabella Towers… The wanderings of Tom Starboard 5. (Of something) to lose vigour; to become diminished in intensity, power, or effect. When his appetite flags, he still feeds on. Thomas Skinner… Excursions in India […] the feeling of safety begin to flag. ɛames Graves… Guide to the Island of Jersey It was a gloomy night at the Bald Eagle. A few boon companions sat late over their bottle, drank hard, and tried to be merry; but it would not do. Good humour flagged, the jokes were bad, the laughter forced, and one after another slunk away to bed, full of bad liquor, and reeling with the fumes of brandy and beer. The Republic of Letters, by A. Whitelaw, vol. IV […] when the story is completed and before the reader's attention has flagged. Franklin ɒaker… Everyday English […] my interest flagged. Charlotte ɒronte… Villette 6. (Of a literary work, game, conversation, etc.) to become uninteresting. -)With the preposition into + noun of the consequence: The conversation, such as it was, had flagged into silence, when the post-chaise drew up at the door. Hood's magazine and comic miscellany, vol. III English word derived from flag: flagging. _flaunt_ Verb. Pronunciation: flO;nt. Etymology: of unknown origin. Preterite tense, and preterite participle: flaunted; present participle: flaunting. Derived from flaunt: aflaunt, flaunter, flaunty, flauntily, flauntiness, flaunting. Intransitive uses: 1. (Of persons) To move ostentatiously (often by walking); to behave oneself gaudily to attract notice; to obtrude oneself to public notice as being defiant, proud or bold; to seek to attract attention with the show of one’s finery, attire or beauty. Translation: in French: s’exhiber, se montrer avec ostentation ; in Italian, sfoggiare ; in Spanish mostrarse con ostentación. Antonym: hide. Synonyms: swagger, prance, swell, bravado, brave, strut, swank. Idiotisms related to this acceptation in a quasi-transitive use: to flaunt it (away, out, forth). You loiter about alehouses […] or flaunt about the streets in your new-gilt chariot. John Arbuthnot… Law is a Bottomless Pit The utterer of the base coin in question was a girl of seventeen or eighteen, who, with a suitable attendance of blackguards, youths, and boys, was flaunting along the streets, returning from an Irish funeral, in a Progress interspersed with singing and dancing. Charles Dickens… The Uncommercial Traveller My spouse, alas! must flaunt in silks no more. T. ɒrown… French King Young ladies of fortune used to keep themselves to themselves […] and not flaunt about with such rubbishing sort of gentry as those. Eleanor Sleath… Bristol Heiress The Miss Lambs might now be seen flaunting along the street in French bonnets. Washington Irving… The Sketch Book 2. (Of plants, plumes, banners, etc.) To wave or flutter as if a flaunter or as if to attract attention; to make a showy appearance. Hence, (the subject being anything voluble). The branches flung and flaunted on the trees in the Park. Virginia Wolf… The Shooting Party […] there were only the rooks flaunting in the sky. Virginia Wolf… Orlando Orange and lemon trees flaunt over the walls. Hester Piozzi… Observations and Reflections Hundreds of these handkerchiefs hang dangling from pegs outside the windows or flaunting from the door-posts; and the shelves, within, are piled with them. Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist Transitively: 1. (The subject being a person or another animal) to show or display ostentiously; to make a defiant, proud or bold show of. Hence, to boast of. Translation: in Italian, ostentare, sfoggiare; in Spanish, ostentar; in French, faire ostentation de, exhiber. Antonyms: conceal, hide. [The pirates] flaunted their sails in front of Ostia itself; they landed in their boats at the villas on the Italian coast, carrying off lords and ladies, and holding them to ransom. ɛames Froude… Caesar: a Sketch He was […] a false hero who flaunted himself in fine colours when he was drunk and dwindled to a shabby twit when sober. Eric Linklater… Magnus Merriman Others find a great consolation in suddenly discovering the good qualities of their husbands. They flaunt their conjugal felicity in one's face Oscar White… The Picture of Dorian Gray […] the tall flamingo flaunted no longer his scarlet plumage before us, but flew sadly from the vale into the hills […] Edgar Poe Not only do human males have gigantic sexual organs, but they flaunt them, too. ɛonathan Margolis… O: the Intimate History of Orgasm One recent ad. shows a stunning model wearing nothing but a solitaire diamond necklace. ‘She can't flaunt a fur on the Côte d'ɑzur’ Fortune 6 Sept. 1982 […] this is no place to be flaunting yourself. ɑrthur Dunn… Gridiron Nights At one time he had flaunted himself before women. Morley Callaghan 2. (This acceptation is the consequence of a confusion with the verb flout and is to be condemned as being erroneous) flout; to treat contemptuously. _flinch_ Verb. Pronunciation: flɪnʃ. Etymology: it is supposed to be derived from Old French flenchir (variant of flechir, which is now fléchir). Third-person singular simple present: she/he flinches. Preterite tense, preterite participle: flinched. Present participle: flinching. Intransitively: 1. (Of someone) to withdraw from something or someone that is dangerous, feared or apprehended, so as to avoid contact or confronting. Synonyms: to recoil, start back, draw back, jerk back, retreat, recede. Antonyms: to confront, face. Translation: reculer, in French; retroceder, in Spanish; indietreggiare, rinculare, in Italian. The Gauls had brought innumerable archers with them. The horse flinched slightly under the […] arrows. ɛames Froude… Caesar, a sketch The infantry behaved well; they never flinched, but stood their ground as brave soldiers should do. Frederick Marryat… Monsieur Violet […] our inferiority in men was so great that our captain considered it his duty to make all sail in hopes of being able to avoid such an unequal combat. This our enemies attempted to prevent by a most furious cannonade, which we received and returned without flinching, making a running fight of it, till at last, our foreyard and foretop-mast being shot away, we had no longer command of the vessel. Frederick Marryat… The Privateersman […] the squire had them all on horseback at an early age, and made them ride, slap-dash, about the country, without flinching at hedge or ditch, or stone wall, to the imminent danger of their necks. Washington Irving… Bracebridge Hall -)With the preposition from + noun of what is dangerous, feared or apprehended, and from which the flincher is distancing himself: Along the whole line the infantry turned their faces and the gunners flinched from their guns. ɑrthur Doyle… The adventures of Gerard As for Mac, he did not move or flinch from the attack. Max ɒrand… The Night Horseman 2. To withdraw from something or someone, as a reaction to an unpleasing feeling caused by it/her/him. Hence, to shrink reactionarily, even when the feeling is not unpleasing, but so overpowering as to reaction with a shrink. Synonyms: to wince, cringe. Calling for a needle and thread, the captain now prepared to sew up the wound, admonishing the patient to submit to the operation with becoming fortitude. His gayety was at an end; […]; and, at the first puncture of the needle, flinched so piteously, that the captain was obliged to pause, and to order him a powerful dose of alcohol. Washington Irving… The Adventures of Captain Bonneville “I have the happiness of knowing your father-in- law,” whispered Mr. Creakle, taking me by the ear; “and a worthy man he is, and a man of a strong character. He knows me, and I know him. Do you know me? Hey? said Mr. Creakle, pinching my ear with ferocious playfulness. “Not yet, Sir,” I said, flinching with the pain. “Not yet? Hey?” repeated Mr. Creakle. “ɒut you will soon. Hey?” Charles Dickens… David Copperfield [“] spread your legs a little and bend your knees, a little more,” he said indicating she should spread her legs wider. He touched her vagina. It was warm and somewhat wet. He gently spread the lips […]. Her clitoris was larger than before and appeared erect. He touched it gently with his finger. “Oh,”she exclaimed and flinched. ɛ. D. Splitter… Tracking Lisa "Yuh all think Andy Green lives to tell lies," snapped Pink, throwing the saddle on his horse with a grunt at the weight of it. The horse flinched away from its impact. Bertha ɒower… The Happy Family Ryan moved closer and rubbed a hand over her shoulder. “ɑre you okay?” She flinched away from his touch. “Im fine.” Maya ɒanks… Colter’s Woman 3. Metaphorically: to abstain from doing something, as if by withdrawing from its presence. Synonyms: to blench, funk, shy. Caesar's men flinched from facing the elephants, and time was lost while othe r elephants were fetched from Italy, that they might handle them and grow familiar with them. ɛames Froude… Caesar, a sketch It was my business, […], to show things exactly as they were, and I did not flinch from it. ɛohn Mill… Autobiography I have any possible excuse for flinching from the fulfilment of my promise made to her friend ?" Theodore Hook… The Parson’s daughter Father was a fond, indulgent husband, but a man that never flinched from anything that he thought necessary. Harriet Stowe… Uncle Tom’s Cabin Perhaps the volunteers may flinch from going to the field. Murat Halstead… The story of Cuba 4. (Of the eyes, look, etc.) to discontinue their glaring from fear or timidity of what is seen. Synonym: to blench. She made no attempt to release her hand, nor did she move at all, save to lift her head. Then her eyes, hard, defiant and ruthless, looked into his. But his look did not flinch from hers. Joseph Altsheler… The Tree of Appomattox Her eyes could not lift without an effort: they fluttered vainly upwards, but before reaching any height they flinched aside. ɛames Stephens… Mary, Mary Transitively: (Archaic acceptation): to draw back from (something). Postdefinition: apparently, only in phrases as to flich the flagon, or to flinch one’s glass, to signify that one is unwilling to get drunk. How was it I saw you not last night when you arrived? You flinched the flagon [!] George ɛames… The robber He laughed heartily, and said neither English nor Dutchmen ever flinched the glass. ɛohn Eagles… The journal of Llewellin Penrose Other English words derived from flinch: flinch (noun), flincher, flinching, flinchingly, unflinching, unflinchingly. _flit_ Verb. Pronunciation: flɪt. Etymology: from M. E. flitten (= to carry away, go away). Preterite tense: flitted; preterite participle: flitted; present participle: flitting. Transitively: to take away (something or someone) to another place; transport, remove; —It is a dialectal use. Intransitively: 1. To go away from a place with brief movement; to move off to somewhere else; to shift quickly one’s position. Synonyms: to remove, depart, to be gone. […] and she flitted out of the chamber with a promissory smile. Eaton Barrett… The Heroine -)Particular syntax: with the preposition from, followed by a noun, with which the place is designated: […] yet even at this late hour Starofsky could discern the white garments of more than one female form, glittering in the moonshine as they flitted from house to house. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 25 […] the flowers glowed so brightly beneath the summer sun, the birds sang so sweetly from the verdant boughs, and the bees flitted from sweet to sweet, with such a soothing, happy hum. Ellen Pickering… The Squire, vol. 1 After a little while, the bird was scared from its perch, and flitted from the thicket. Richard Steele… The Conscious Lovers -)Metaphorically: At that moment all regard for the mere usages of society flitted from her mind. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 25 2. To change one’s abode or residence; --it is only a dialectical use. 3. a. (Of an animated being): to locomote or move with celerity, particularly to and fro; to go with a rapid locomotion. Antonyms: to linger, retard, delay, tarry. Synonyms: to hasten, hurry, accelerate, speed, scud, scurry. Translation: moverse rápidamente, in Spanish; se déplacer rapidement, in French; muoversi rapidamente, in Italian. Basil got his family away to the station after dinner, and left them there, while he walked down the village street, for a closer inspection of the hotels. At the door of the largest a pair of children sported in the solitude […]; looking into the hotel, he saw a few porters and call-boys seated in statuesque repose against the wall, while the clerk pined in dreamless inactivity behind the register; some deserted ladies flitted through the door of the parlor at the side. William Howells… The March Family When new visitors were expected at the Castle, Lady Laura flitted about their rooms, inspecting every arrangement, and thinking of the smallest minutiae. Elizabeth ɒraddon… The Lovels of Arden During the day she flitted about the room in an ecstasy of pleasure, packing the things. Thomas Hardy… Desperate Remedies They attired me for the coffin - three or four dark figures which flitted busily to and fro. As these crossed the direct line of my vision they affected me as forms; but upon passing to my side their images impressed me with the idea of shrieks, groans, and other dismal expressions of terror […] Edgar Poe b. (Of a thing): to present itself rapidly, or with a rapid movement. At these words a vague and half-formed conception of the meaning of Dupin flitted over my mind. I seemed to be upon the verge of comprehension without power to comprehend - men, at times, find themselves upon the brink of remembrance without being able, in the end, to remember. Edgar Poe An expression of pleasure flitted into her face. ɑllan Pinkerton… The Spiritualists and the Detectives […] suddenly I thought I perceived something in the air. Affrighted, I looked around me but nothing was visible; yet in another moment something like a shadow flitted before my eyes. Frances ɒurney… The Diary and Letters The jet black eye flitted from object to object with the rapidity of lightning, but if those keen glances conveyed any impression to the mind, it failed to excite a trace of emotion on the changeless countenance. Chandler Gilman… Legends of a Log Cabin c. (Of a bird or other winged animal): a. To fly swiftly to and fro. b. To move the wings rapidly without flying; to flutter; to fly up and down or to and fro without going far from the place from which it started. Synonyms: to flicker, flutter, flitter. “Hark!” said Wolfert, who fancied he heard a trampling among the dry leaves, and a rustling through the bushes. Sam paused for a moment, and they listened. No footstep was near. The bat flitted by them in silence; a bird, roused from its roost by the light which glared up among the trees, flew circling about the flame. Geoffrey Crayon… Tales of a traveler […] I liked the noise of the wood, and would lie on the hay and listen to the scurry of the rabbits, the rippling note of the cushats in the tree-tops, and watch for the coming of the white owls that flitted among the trees. ɛohn Sillars… The McBrides [The Magpie] is extremely shy and vigilant in the vicinity of towns, where it is much molested, but less so in country places, although even there it is readily alarmed. When one pursues it openly, it flits along the walls and hedges, shifts from tree to tree, and at length flies off to a distance. William Macgillivray… A history of British birds 4. (Of a flame) To burn unsteadily. Synonym: to flicker, flutter. It is impossible to melt the wax properly while the flame flits, or its edges are wavy, or it seems to gush up in flashes. The Young Lady's Book […] I saw a form resembling that of a woman dressed in flowing garments, who, as the flame flitted and flickered about her, seemed to wave her hand as though beckoning to me. The Metropolitan, Vol. 29 […] a lantern, from which a pale light shone or rather flitted. ɛohn ɑkerman… Tales of Other Days Words derived from flit: flitter, flit (noun), flitter, flitting, flittingly, flittingness _flurry_ Noun. Plural: flurries. Pronunciation and accent: flʌrɪ. Etymology: maybe of imitative origin. 1. a. A sudden and brief agitation of air. b. A sudden shower with a gust of wind. Synonyms: squall, gust. Antonym: calm. […] and the pilot then kept north-eastward, close along the reefs under the high land; although by so doing we were frequently becalmed, and sometimes had strong flurries which made it necessary to take in all sail. Matthew Flinders… A voyage to terra Australis Despite her fatigue, Miss Vere looked as bright as a rose swayed in a flurry of breeze and sun. ɑnna Steele… Broken toys But this flurry of hail is the end of the storm, Marcia; the clouds are breaking, and it is light enough to see the path above the pergola. Ada Anderson… The Rim of the Desert 2. a. Agitation or perturbation of a person or another animal, concurrent either with a sudden emotion or with a hurried action. b. Agitation of something that is used by someone being in a state of flurry. Synonyms: bustle, agitation, flutter, hurry, commotion. Antonyms: tranquility, moping. Translation: perturbación corporal, in Spanish; perturbation corporelle, in French; perturbazione corporale, in Italian. My lady was in a flurry of fear. Kate Sweetser… Boys and girls from Thackeray There was an unnatural flurry in the manner of uttering these words which would have excited suspicion even in the mind of an indifferent hearer. Charlotte ɒurry… Love The repast finished, the Duke ordered his horse. The animal was restive, and so, strenuously resisted being mounted that, although it was his usual charger; it was exchanged for another. This second horse started in such a flurry that the Duke lost his cloak, and almost his seat. ɛohn Motley… The Rise of the Dutch Republic "What does she mean?" thought he, in all the flurry of his excited feelings. Charles Lever… One of Them Her Ladyship entered the drawing-room in a violent flurry. Isabella Spence… How to be rid of a wife […] I proceeded to narrate our adventure of the dehesa, and was in the most palpitating part of it, when the mozo came up in a flurry from the stable, and said that my pony had broken his halter, and was fighting furiously. George Cayley… Las Alforjas The old lady appeared, in her gala suit of faded brocade, which rustled with flurry and agitation. Washington Irving… Tales of a Traveller What she had to say seemed difficult to decide. She wrote a line, stared out of the window with fixity, and then wrote again--a flurry of quick, decisive strokes as if at determinate pressure. William Howells… Quaint Courtships Words derived from flurry: flurry (verb), flurried, flurriedly. _foible_ Noun. Plural: foibles. Pronunciation and accent: fɔɪb(ə)l. Etymology: from French foible, obsolete form of faible (= feeble), from Latin flebilis (= lamentable, wretched) from flere (= to weep.) Definition: customary action in a person which makes him vulnerable to expressions of disapproval; a particular in someone’s personality which renders him disapprovable or weak in personal strength. Synonyms: demerit, imperfection, weakness, weak point, frailty, defect. Translation: faiblesse, in French; debilidad, in Spanish; debolezza, in Italian. Prolixity was one of her grand foibles. ɑlfred Spencer… Memoirs of William Hickey Over our coffee in the Turkish room Minver was usually a censor of our several foibles rather than a sharer in our philosophic speculations and metaphysical conjectures. William Howells… The Daughter of the Storage There were they wont to sit for hours after the return from a ball, discussing the people they had met, their dress, their manner, their foibles and flirtations. Charles Lever… Roland Cashel English words derived from Latin flere: feeble, feebleness, feebling, feeblish, feebly. _forfeit_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: fɔːfɪt. Etymology: from the adjective FORFEIT, from Old French forfait (= crime), past participle of forfaire (= to forfeit, transgress), from Latin foris (= out of doors, abroad, beyond) + facere (= to do). Preterite tense: forfeited. Preterite participle : forfeited. Present participle: forfeiting. Intransitively: 1. Obsolete and pristine acceptation: to commit a misdeed. 2. To incur the penalty of forfeiture. Transitively: 1. a. (Of a person convicted or accused of a misdeed, crime, offence, etc.) to lose, or lose the right to, as a part of the punishment, or as the punishment itself, he\she incurs, or in consequence of the accusation; to become liable to be deprived of (something or someone) in consequence of a crime he\she committed. b. To have to pay (money) as a forfeit, in consequence of a crime, a fault, etc. Translation: perdre, in French; perder, in Spanish; perdere, in Italian. By her father's will she had been contracted in marriage with her distant relative, Charles Heathcote, with the proviso that if, on attaining the age of nineteen, she felt averse to the match, she should forfeit a certain estate in Wales which had once belonged to the Heathcotes... Charles Lever… One of them What Edward had done to forfeit the right of eldest son, might have puzzled many people to find out; and what Robert had done to succeed to it, might have puzzled them still more. ɛane ɑusten… Sense and Sensibility They pronounced the king an apostate, an assassin, and a tyrant: he was said to have forfeited his title to the sovereignty. ɛohn Lingard… The History of England It was provided […] that slaves, in any event, should be forfeited by all those who had shown themselves unworthy to hold them by neglect or ill-usage. William Prescott… Conquest of Peru By a singular provision, he required every settler, if a married man, to bring over his wife within eighteen months, on pain of forfeiting his estate. William Prescott… Conquest of Mexico It was pretended, therefore, that the city of London had by some irregularities forfeited its municipal privileges. Thomas Macaulay… The History of England With regard to the penalties for unpunctuality […] Evans […] already proposed that either party absent above half-an-hour beyond the hour of play should forfeit two guineas… Chess Player's Chronicle If any seaman absent himself from the vessel to which he belongs without leave, he shall, or every day's absence, forfeit two days pay to the use of Greenwichhospital… Thomas Mortimer… A General Dictionary of Commerce -)With the preposition TO + noun of the receiver: Attainted of felony, thy lands and abbey will be forfeited to the crown, and they shall be sold, as I have told thee, to John Braddyll and Richard Assheton, who will be rulers here in thy stead. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches -)-)With the preposition BY + noun of the crime, misdeed, etc.: […] who forfeited it by his rebellion to the conqueror. Francis ɒlomefield… County of Norfolk 2. Hence: to lose (something) in consequence of a fault, misconduct or error. He felt that he had forfeited the confidence of his commander. William Prescott… Conquest of Peru The romantic story of the ring, which, it is said, the queen had given to Essex, in a moment of fondness, as a pledge of her affection, with an intimation, "that if ever he forfeited her favour, if he sent it back to her, the sight of it would ensure her forgiveness," must not be lightly rejected. ɑgnes Strickland… Queens of England, vol. 7 […] if I have forfeited the good opinion of your sister, the loss of her friendship will counterbalance all the rest. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches The large farmers prospered; the poor forfeited their tenures. ɛames Froude… Henry the Eighth I could have wished to die in your good opinion, which I am afraid I shall forfeit by the last act of my life; but if you cannot acquit me, I know you will at least preserve some regard for the memory of an unfortunate young man who loved you. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Roderick Random He pretended, that the citizens of Granada had forfeited their title to his fulfilling the terms of peace, by an insurrection […] Robert Watson… Philip the Second […] a short distance from hence are hidden your father and a body of men; they are aware we are here, and have not the courage to make a rush to capture us, for they know one life will be forfeited if they attempt it. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood… 3. Hence: (the subject is something or someone) to lose (something) as a necessary consequence or result. Her figure was as slender as when she was nineteen, and only forfeited its claim to the charms of that age by being a little more angular and thinner. ɑnne Marsh… Angela Yet when we consider her beauty, her accomplishments, and her many misfortunes, she so strongly excites our sympathies, that not the lapse of years, nor yet her many deviations from the path of rectitude, can forfeit her claim to our regard. The Ladies' Repository, vol. 1 4. (Of a government or executive agent) to subject (something) to forfeiture or confiscation; to subject (a person) to forfeiture of property; to confiscate the estate or possessions of; -used of government action. Obsolete acceptation. Words derived from the verb FORFEIT: forfeitable, forfeitableness, forfeiture, forfeiter, forfeiting. _forgo_ or _forego_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: fə-, fɔəgəʊ. Etymology: forgo is analyzable in for (prefix with the implication of abstaining from, or neglecting) and go. The spelling forego is because of a confusion with foregone, after Walter Skeat. Preterite tense: forewent, forwent; preterite participle: foregone, forgone. Present participle: forgoing. Intransitively: to go away; go past. Obsolete acceptation. Transitively: 1. To abstain from (something possible to do or execute). Translation: omitir, in Spanish; omettere, in Italian; omettre, in French. Synonyms: to omit, eschew, forbear. Antonyms: to perform, execute. The king of France […] wrote to her [the queen] in terms of such affection and esteem as the circumstances of the time made it expedient to profess […]; he entreated her to forego the resolution she had expressed to Grammont, of never offering advice to her husband, or interfering in state affairs. Philip Stanhope… Succession in Spain […] we cannot forego the pleasure of reporting the names of those who obtained the first prize… The Farmer's Cabinet, vol. 5 […] either the difficulties of executing the office appalled her, or the part which she felt prone to act, was too attractive to be foregone. Laetitia Hawkins… Heraline They do not understand the art of making soap ; and if they did, the process is so laborious, that they would readily forego the use of this article, which they consider of very little value. Daniel Harmon… the Interior of North America A species of squirrel forgoes the common use of its limbs. The Cabinet, vol. I I therefore forewent my curiosity, and contented myself with jogging on till I got near the rumbling bridge. Charles Dibdin… Observations on a Tour […] he never forewent his usual caution. William Simms… The kinsmen Syntax: with the preposition to, followed by an infinitive: […] in ɒourdeaux he was simply called Monsieur Rosa, whilst in the neighbourhood of his castle he was styled Monsieur le Marquis; a variation of nomenclature that made an incalculable difference in the old gentleman's happiness and self-complacency; and fully compensated for all the advantages he was content to forego to enjoy it. Catherine Crowe… Adventures of Susan Hopley 2. To abstain from profiting from (something circumstantial). The miller, who was a greedy man in his way, and never forewent an opportunity of honest profit, turned the mill-house into a little wayside inn. Robert Stevenson… The Merry Men Words derived from forgo: forgoing, forgoer. _fuss_ Noun. Pronunciation: fʌs. Etymology: of uncertain origin. 1. A ridiculous or excessive bustle; ostentatious or needless activity of one or more persons (or other animals). Particularly: excessive manifestation of concern about a trifle. Translation: scandale, in French; escándalo, in Spanish; scenata, in Italian. In the stillness he could hear the deer belling again in the distance, and then came a fuss of monkeys in a group of trees near at hand. Herbert Wells… The Research Magnificent It is just that you may have all the fun and fuss of a wedding, as you call it, that I propose London shall be the place for its celebration. Clara Cameron… Lights and shadows… We shall only stay in Cuba till the fuss about my running away is all over, and people have forgotten, don't you know. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Phantom Fortune […] without any fuss or scandal, no one knowing a word about the matter. Ellen Pickering… The Squire "Gracey, dear," cried her eldest brother, running into the room where she was busy, "what's all this fuss about; what have you been saying to my father to make him come and lecture me about behaviour” Catherine Hubback… May and December -)To make a fuss about; to make a fuss of or over: to manifest excessive concern about (of, over) a trifle. Hence: to treat with an excessive manifestation of affection. He would have imagined that a woman would like to be made a fuss of, petted, looked after; to be allowed to lie prone upon a couch, emitting little moans of discomfort to attract sympathy. Ernest Thurston… Sally Bishop I have no patience with them; they make such a fuss of a trifle. R. D. ɒlackmore… The Maid of Sker "I don't know what Soames is about," he said, "to make a fuss over a few hundred pounds. I thought he was a man of property." John Galsworthy… The Forsyte Saga Frank's not a bad neighbor, but to get on with him you've got to make a fuss over him and act as if you thought he was a very important person all the time, and different from other people. Willa Cather… O Pioneers! Gentle reader, if you ever observe any one make a fuss of reprobation concerning puffing, depend upon it, and receive it as an indisputable truth. The Pocket magazine… Still a good-looking man in his eighties with a full shock of white hair, and the only male among the thirty residents there, the women spoiled and made a fuss of him. Donald Reeves… Memoirs of a Very Dangerous Man The incident was really not of great moment; women made a fuss about it in books. ɛohn Galsworthy… The Forsyte Saga Of course I knew it was wrong, but it did no harm to me, which was one good reason for not making a fuss about it. Wilkie Collins… The Woman in White What a fuss we have made about a stupid old carriage! ɑnthony Trollope… Can You Forgive Her? I am not a demonstrative man, and I have never made any great fuss about my love for my daughter; but I do love her, nevertheless. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Henry Dunbar […] but one night a miner, who had been drinking quite freely, lost about a pound of dust, and was fool enough to make a fuss about it. I was suspected of stealing it; and although I pledged my word that I knew nothing of the matter, yet the gold was found in my pocket, and I was obliged to share with the police in order to get clear. William Thomes… The gold hunters’ adventures 2. A state of anxiety over a trifle. We had not sat here many minutes, when Mrs. Markleham, who usually contrived to be in a fuss about something, came bustling in, with her newspaper in her hand, and said, out of breath, “My goodness gracious, ɑnnie, why didn’t you tell me there was some one in the Study!” Charles Dickens… David Copperfield the Younger When I got to Mr. Palmer's, I found Charlotte quite in a fuss about the child. She was sure it was very ill—it cried, and fretted, and was all over pimples. So I looked at it directly, and, 'Lord! my dear,' says I, 'it is nothing in the world, but the red gum—' and nurse said just the same. ɛane ɑusten… Sense and Sensibility 3. One who fusses; a fussy person. Words derived from the noun FUSS: fuss (verb), fussy, fussed, fussing, fussation, fusser, fussify, fussification, fussily, fussiness, fussy. _gadget_ Noun. Pronunciation: "gæÙIt. Plural: gadgets. Etymology: It is a vocable of uncertain origin. Words derived from gadget: gadgeteer, gadgetry, gadgety. Definition: a small portable mechanical or electronic device or contrivance; sometimes, a part of machinery or a piece of mechanism. When talking to someone about a Dutch oven, if they have never used one, they might answer “ɑ Dutch what? Is that a new cooking gadget?” No you say, this is and old cooking gadget. Dale Smith… Great Meals Dutch Oven Style The latest computer gadget. Nancy Samalin – Catherine Whitney… Loving Without Spoiling How wonderful to buy shares in a company that’s designed a new kind of speaker, some new plastic that will revolutionise catering, an exciting car gadget […] Robbie ɒurns… How Anyone Can Make Money… Nora brings home a kitchen gadget, a present for the cook. Carol ɑnshaw… Lucky in the Corner […] the person next to me on the plane is checking e-mail from a wallet-sized wireless gadget. Thomas Leech… Say it… -)It is also used as adjective and in compounds: [… the imagination] of the gadget-minded public. Eugene Nida… Toward a Science of Translating _gape_ Verb. Pronunciation: geɪp. Etymology: Middle English gapen. Preterite tense: gaped. Preterite participle: gaped. Present participle: gaping. Intransitively: 1. a. To open the mouth wide, especially with intent to bite or swallow anything. b. To open involuntarily the mouth wide as a reaction to fatigue or boredom, etc.; to yawn. Translation: ouvrir la bouche, in French; abrir la boca, in Spanish; aprire la bocca, in Italian. So I awoke them very gently, and shook off the sand, while they rubbed their eyes, and gaped, and knew no more of their danger than if they had been in their own dear beds. R. D. ɒlackmore… The Maid of Sker And that lion gaped wide and came upon him ramping to have slain him. Thomas Malory… Le Morte Darthur [The hound] snuffed the air a moment, gaped heavily, shook himself, and peaceably resumed his recumbent attitude. ɛames Cooper… The Prairie As the reader is aware, it is an excellent story, and has but one drawback—that it is not true; and so, as these three simple shipmen now heard it for the first time, their eyes stood out of their faces, and their mouths gaped like codfish at a fishmonger’s. Robert Stevenson… The Black Arrow Two unprotected maidens walking through the forest met a wicked ogre, and he opened his ugly great mouth, and gaped as he showed his big white teeth like a lion, and then he said, I am going to gobble up the prettiest of those two little maids; and then they ran away. Forester Fitz-David… Alice Littleton The candle flickered slightly. I tried to scream, but my mouth gaped to a soundless yammering. I tried to flee, but I stood frozen, unable even to close my eyes. Robert Howard… Dig Me No Grave 2. Metaphorically: (of a object similar to a mouth, as a wound, etc.) to open, to split, part asunder. His hairy old breast showed through the night-shirt, which gaped apart. William Howells… The March Family Trilogy I doubt if our enemy had named Mr. Alexander three times before I perceived which way his mind was aiming […] and you may say I started back as though an open hole had gaped across a pathway. Robert Stevenson… The Master of Ballantrae […] she laid for ten minutes at a time with her legs in the air so distended that her cunt gaped wide. Walter… My Secret Life "Three for you, my daddy," she cried, dropping three letters on his chest, where his shirt gaped just below his neck. Ridgwell Cullum… The Forfeit 3. Metaphorically: to stare with open mouth in curiosity or surprise or admiration, etc. Synonyms: to gaze, stare. Syntax: with the preposition at (rarely on or upon) + a noun: We were followed and gaped at by the people. Frederick Marryat… Frank Mildmay He no sooner entered the grand apartment in which I was, and saw the magnificence of my apparel, than his speech was lost in amazement, and he gaped in silence at the objects that surrounded him. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Roderick Random I have walked over this city twenty times, and gaped at every shop, like a countryman, to find something, but could not. Familiar Letters of John Adams 4. Metaphorical and archaic: a. To yearn for something; -with the preposition after, or for (rarely at, upon). b. To desire eagerly to do something; -used with an infinitive. […] the people, just rousing to the occupations of the day, gaped to see their king returning with a small retinue, and were in doubt as to whether it portended victory or defeat. Robert Howard… The Scarlet Citadel English words derived from the verb GAPE: gape (noun), gaper, gaping, gapingly. _garrulous_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: gærələs. Etymology: from Latin garrulus (= chattering, talkative), from garrīre (= to twitter. Hence: to chatter, prattle) + -ous. 1. (Of bird) chattering. 2. (Of a person) talking much and trivially. Synonyms: loquacious, talkative, chatty. Translation: bavard, in French; locuaz, in Spanish; garrulo, in Italian. Antonyms: taciturn, uncommunicative. The guide was a conversable, garrulous fellow, like most of his country. Edward Lytton… Zanoni Moreover, Marmaduke, wishing to satisfy his curiosity, turned the conversation upon Warner and Sibyll, a theme upon which the old woman was well disposed to be garrulous. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… The Last of the Barons He is garrulous, good-humoured, and gay Hester Piozzi… Observations and Reflections 3. (Of talk, mood, etc.) characterized by garrulity; consisting in talking much and trivially. Leslie happened to be in a garrulous mood, and talked incessantly about his former military frontier life. Francis Parkman… Vassall Morton […] the preceding garrulous narrative. Hannah ɛones… Trials of love Words derived from GARRULOUS: garrulity, garrulously, garrulousness. _gaze_ Verb. Pronunciation: geɪz. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense: gazed. Preterite participle: gazed. Present participle: gazing. Intransitively: to look gazingly, steadfastly, attentively, earnestly; intently, steadily. Synonyms: to gape, stare, glare, peer, gloat. Translation: regarder, in French; mirar, in Spanish; guardare, in Italian. Never shall I forget the sensations of awe, horror, and admiration with which I gazed about me. Edgar Poe As the rays of the lanterns fell within the pit, there flashed upward a glow and a glare, from a confused heap of gold and of jewels, that absolutely dazzled our eyes. I shall not pretend to describe the feelings with which I gazed. Edgar Poe Syntax: with the preposition at, or on, upon: I gazed at this queenly apparition for at least half an hour, as if I had been suddenly converted to stone Edgar Poe The companions of Catharine gazed on her to watch the effect produced by the hitherto unknown splendour of the magnificent scene spread out before her… Elizabeth Smith… The three eras… The two men—the one advancing, the other motionless—gazed on each other in grave silence. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… The Last of the Barons [A] flash of lightning startled her horse before Mabel could reply—the thunder rolled in the distance, and a large rain-drop fell on the upturned brow of the young man as he gazed on the heavy sky. Ellen Pickering… The Squire They gazed on each other in silence for a moment. ɛane Mcintosh… Annie Donaldson […] the hand of her watch began to climb slowly upwards toward the zenith, which she desired so ardently that it should reach. She gazed on the dial-plate, till she fancied that the pointers did not move Mary Shelley… Lodore I thanked him and ran home again, and there I found that Joe had already locked the front door and vacated the state parlor, and was seated by the kitchen fire with a hand on each knee, gazing intently at the burning coals. I too sat down before the fire and gazed at the coals, and nothing was said for a long time. Charles Dickens… Great Expectations The two men who first came up to the well found there a large tiger lying upon the ground; having gazed at each other some time, the men, who had no firearms, seeing the beast treat them with as much contemptuous neglect as the lion did the knight of La Mancha, begun to throw stones at him. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels He gazed at him with blank astonishment; he looked over his own shoulder, as expecting to see some one he had not been aware of standing behind him; he gazed at the stranger again, speechlessly, at a loss to know what he meant. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit As Mr Flintwinch shook his fist at her, and as Mrs Clennam gazed upon her, Rigaud kissed his hand to her. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit […] he gazed upon her with mingled interest and admiration. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London At that very instant both Lord Danemore and Langford raised their eyes each to the countenance of his companion, and gazed upon each other with a firm and questioning glance. George Rainsford… The robber […] the family gazed at each other in silent amazement, when they discovered that the youngest of their visitors was a lovely girl. Maria ɛones… The Strangers of the Glen [Robin] saw Marian standing by an open window, gazing upon the moon, and speaking unconsciously aloud. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood… English words derived from GAZE: gazer, gazing, gazingly. _geld_ Verb. Pronunciation: g ld. Etymology: Middle English gelden. Preterite tense: gelded, or gelt. Preterite participle : gelded, or gelt. Present participle: gelding. Transitively: a. To render emasculated; to cause (a male) to lose his generative power or virility, by removing his testicles or by other means; to emasculate, castrate. b. To cause (a female) to lose her generative power by removing her ovaries; to spay. Translation: émasculer, in French; castrar, in Spanish; castrare, in Italian. […] the rest of the male foals are gelded. ɛoseph Taylor… The wonders of the horse Words derived from GELD: geldable, gelder, gelding. _gloss_ Verb. Pronunciation: gl s. Etymology: denominative verb from the noun GLOSS (= lustre), which is often confused with the verb GLOSS (= to explain with glosses). The noun GLOSS (= lustre) is of uncertain origin. Third-person singular simple present: she/he glosses. Preterite tense, preterite participle: glossed. Present participle: glossing. Transitively: 1. To render (something) glossy; this is, to cause either by art or naturally to become lustreful, bright; to make to gain a shining upon its surface; to surface (a body) with such polishing or illumination as to become bright Antonyms: to disluster, opaque, obscure, dim. Synonyms: to brighten, glaze, shine, gloze. Translation: lustrar, in Spanish; lustrare, in Italian; lustrer, in French. The length of this species [American Redstart] is five inches; extent, six and a quarter; the general colour above is black, which covers the whole head and neck, and spreads on the upper part of the breast in a rounding form, where, as well as on the head and neck, it is glossed with steel blue. Alexander Wilson… American Ornithology Mr Pennant considers this bird as a mere variety of the European nuthatch. […] The head and back of the European species is of a uniform bluish gray; the upper parts of the head, neck, and shoulders of ours, are a deep black glossed with green. Alexander Wilson… American Ornithology In the species referred to, the colour of the surface is black, glossed with violet, the upper wings with two wide transverse red bands, one near the base, the other beyond the middle. James Duncan – William ɛardine… Foreign butterflies Arrived at the summit of the mountain, we entered upon the glacier, but found great difficulty in keeping our feet. The sun had glossed the surface, and rendered it almost impossible to tread with any degree of security. ɛohn Owen… Travels into different parts of Europe The room was uncurtained, so that the morning entered in a gray cloudly light which glossed the furniture with a ghostly patina, turning chairs, bed, and tables into artefacts resembling sculpture. Brian Moore… The Mangan inheritance […] he saw her eyes glossed with tears. Shayla ɒlack… Seduce me in Shadow 2. Metaphorically: to dissimulate the reality of (something relatable, tellable or utterable) with speciousness or gloss; this is, to pretext something specious, fair or euphonic, in order either to falsify, disguise or mitigate something else. Synonyms: to euphonize, palliate, misrepresent, whitewash. Translation: disimular (algo) agraciándolo verbalmente, in Spanish; dissimulare (qualcosa) aggraziandola verbalmente, in Italian; dissimuler (quelque chose) en la gracieusant verbalement, in French. Sometimes she was tempted to wish that this spot upon […] Lawrence’s past life had not been shown to her: but had he concealed it still, or had he glossed it by a falsehood, she might have been at peace. ɑnna Porter… Coming out […] that not one of these knights, your lealest and noblest friends, can say of me that I ever stooped to gloss mine acts, or palliate bold deeds with wily words. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… The Last of The Barons By the time their coffee was boiled and their bacon fried, each one knew the other's past history and tentative plans for the future, censored and glossed somewhat by the teller but received without question or criticism. B. M. Bower… The Trail of The White Mule -)With the adverb over, to reinforce the connotation of superficialness: […] Francis and Lady De Lisle heard their son announce his intended journey with surprise and dismay. But he glossed it over so well, talked so slightly of the plan, and appeared to think the execution would be so rapid, that they tried to [… become] reconciled to what it was evident they could not prevent. Elizabeth Grey… De Lisle He could not understand how she found any motive strong enough to induce her to it, or by what species of rhetoric she glossed it over to her conscience. Mrs Stevenson’s Will, in The Irish metropolitan magazine The aim of Mr. Tierney was to extract some information on this subject; and […] Castlereagh, in his reply, admitted the rumour to be true, but glossed it over in such a manner as to make it appear that the people would eventually be the gainers by the false appropriation of the money. Robert Huish… Memoirs of George… This […] is the fact —the fact, in despite of all Mr. Swainson’s ingenuity to conceal it, —the fact, in despite of all the doctor’s flutter and solicitude to gloss it over; it is the fact, that Mr. Swainson was employed by Dr. Richardson, on the part of government, in engraving the plates of the work […] ɛohn Loudon… The magazine of natural history If those rules are disregarded by the principals in the quarrel, our countryme n become accessories to murder. It is neither more nor less than this; and nothing can be more futile than attempting to conceal or to gloss it over. The Edinburgh review, or critical journal The Duke of York did not even yet publicly claim the crown. The rising against Henry was glossed over under the pretext of having been undertaken in order to rescue the king from evil ministers. Edward Creasy… Memoirs of… Etonians Then Mr. Datchery admired the Cathedral, and Mr. Sapsea pointed it out as if he himself had invented and built it: there were a few details indeed of which he did not approve, but those he glossed over, as if the workmen had made mistakes in his absence. Charles Dickens… The Mystery of Edwin Drood Other English words derived from the noun gloss: glossing, gloss (adv.), glossed, glosser, glossless, glossy, glossily, glossiness. _gratuitous_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: grətjuːɪtəs. Etymology: from Latin gratuitus (= gratuitous, voluntary), from gratus (= pleasing.) 1. Voluntarily given, without recompense; obtained gratis; granted without pay, or without claim of merit; costing nothing to the user or recipient; includ ing no cost. Translation: gratuite, in French; gratuito, in Spanish; gratuito, in Italian. Synonym: gratis. Antonyms: expensive, costly, dear, sumptuous, precious. Two gratuitous schools of drawing have been es stablished by an individual in Paris. Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 9 A gratuitous course of lectures on chemistry and anatomy. Perry Nursey… Iron The names of the individuals to whom I am indebted for this gratuitous service, will be found upon the sketches which they have taken. Edward Hitchcock… Geology of Massachusetts 2. Done, made, asserted without incurring the cost of a reason or a thought. Antonym.: well-founded. Synonyms: groundless, baseless. Let us suppose (and this is not merely a gratuitous supposition) that an artist, […] conscious of his powers, should determine to evince them by producing a great historical picture. The Quarterly Review, 1820 The finishing touch of her preparations was to pick out the proper keys: even there she showed the same discretion. She did do no gratuitous mischief. She did not take the wine-cellar key, which would have irritated the good father confessor; she took those keys only that belonged to her, if ever keys did; for they were the keys that locked her out from her natural birthright of liberty. Thomas De Quincey… Narrative and Miscellaneous Papers English words derived from gratuitous: gratuitously, gratuitousness. English words derived from Latin gratus: grace, agree, congratulate, congratulation, congratulational, congratulative, congratulator, congratulatory, grateful, gratefully, gratefulness, gratify, gratification, gratifier, gratifying, gratifyingly, ungrateful, ungratefully, ungratefulness, ungratifying, ungratified, gratitude, gratulate, ingrate, agreeability, agreeable, agreeableness, agreeably, agreed, agreeing, agreement, agreer, disagree, disagreeability, disagreeable, disagreeableness, disagreeably, disaˈgreed, disagreeing, disagreement, disagreer, ingratiate, ingratiation, ingratiatory, ingratitude, disgrace, disgraceful, disgracefully, disgracefulness, disgracer, disgracious, engrace. _grim_ Adjective. Pronunciation: grɪm. Etymology: from Old English grim (= fierce, cruel). Comparative form: grimmer. Superlative form: grimmest. 1. Pristine value: (of an animated being, as a person, a lion, etc.) of such a nature, or of such a disposition, as to act both defensively and offensively until the adversary is either cruelly hurt, or dead. Synonyms: fierce, cruel, ferocious. Antonyms: mild, kind, gracious, merciful. Translation: feroz, in Spanish; feroce, in Italian; féroce, in French. The eyes are large and fierce; the limbs are of great strength; and the appearance of the animal is altogether exceedingly grim, savage, and formidable. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth… […] they were huddled together like sheep, or rather like a pack of grim wolves surrounded by the hunters. ɛohn Harwood… Stamboul and the sea of gems 2. (Of determination, purpose, etc.) comparable in earnestness to that of a savage animal; this is, not resulting from jocular purpose, or from trifling mood, but from a like life-or-death motive. Synonyms: stern, unrelenting, resolute, unyielding, unflinching, determined. Antonyms: unresolute, undeterminated, irresolute. […] the youth smiled assent to the grim demands of the insurgents. Eyre Crowe… Today in Ireland ɑt first Miss Heliotrope’s love for Maria had been somewhat forced. She had made and mended her clothes with grim determination. Elizabeth Goudge… The Little White Horse […] cold made the operation of the shovels very expensive, and on many days it was absolutely impossible to use them. No large machinery could reach the site, and small dump cars pushed by hand were the only means of removing the material. Such difficulties would have daunted men of any less grim determination. Harriet Salt… Mighty Engineering Feats 3. Metaphorically: (of a disease, a wound, a pain, etc.) of such a state, or quality, as not to trifle with it, but to be careful, as if it were a feracious animal. […] not one person, attacked by the grim disease, had recovered. Mary Shelley… The Last Man Again I mounted the elephant, and jogged on in grim pain, my companion sleeping soundly all the time. William Russell… My diary in India 4. a. (Of a person) with such a countenance, or with such a behaviour, as to resemble a feracious animal; this is, from whose countenance, or from whose behaviour, is inferrible that his (her) mood or disposition is not to trifle or play with anyone, but to behave severely or aggressively. b. (Of a look, stare, aspect, etc.) manifestative, or suggestive, of grimness. Antonyms: lenient, benign, merciful, sympathetic, soft, kind, kindly, amiable, congenial, mild, gracious, happy, cheerful, joyful, gay, merry. Synonyms: stern, ungracious, unsympathetic, unkind, unkindly, ungenial, uncongenial, grumpy, sulky, scowling, morose, fierce-looking. Translation: torvo, in Spanish; torvo, in Italian; torve, in French. She did pity the Davis girls, who were awkward, plain, and destitute of escort, except a grim papa and three grimmer maiden aunts. Louisa Alcott… Little Women Miss Pew was grimmer of aspect and louder of voice than usual, and it was felt that, at the slightest provocation, she might send forth an edict revoking all her invitations. Mary ɒraddon… The Golden Calf […] the door was softly opened, and [… ɑrthur] saw his uncle the king standing in the shadow of the archway, looking very grim. Charles Dickens… A child’s history Fareham’s appearance at Court caused more surprise than pleasure […]. The statue of the Comandante would scarcely have seemed a grimmer guest. He was there in the midst of laughter and delight, with never a smile upon his stern features. Mary ɒraddon… London Pride Miss Ophelia sat down, and pulled out her knitting-work, and sat there grim with indignation. Harriet Stowe… Uncle Tom’s Cabin […] he looked grim with indignation. George Smollet… The miscellaneous works Winston sat down and opened the first envelope under the big lamp. It was from a land agent and mortgage broker, and his face [… became] a trifle grimmer as he read. Harold ɒindloss… Winston of the Prairie Cicero undertook his friend's defence, but was unnerved by the stern, grim faces with which he was surrounded. ɛames Froude… Caesar The major characteristics discoverable by the stranger in Mr F.'s Aunt, were extreme severity and grim taciturnity. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit During the lull which followed this obliging proposal we saddled our mules and rode off, in the grimmest of humours, loudly cursing the craven churls who knew not the value of a guest. Richard Burton… First footsteps in East Africa Buck's words were grim, but his expression was grimmer yet. Fremont Deering… The Border Boys… ‘Welcome, traitor, as men say,’ was the captain’s grim and not very respectful salutation. Charles Dickens… A child’s history -)In this acceptation, grim is found in combination with another adjective, both being hyphened: […] a tall, loud, grim-faced, wide-mouthed man. Howitt’s journal of literature, vol. 2 Lady Janet was a little, grim-faced, gray-eyed old lady. Charles Lever… Roland Cashel Mr. Herbert was at a loss what to make of this passionate remonstrance, until his arm was twitched by a grim-featured person among the Yellows. Tait’s Edinburgh magazine, vol. 7 What is there so dreary as the streets of a large capital on a damp, gloomy morning? A rag merchant poking in the gutter; an old fiacre jogging along with some pinch-faced, blue-nosed traveller, and his luggage, to the Messageries; here and there an early, grim-featured artisan going to his daily toil. Catharine Crowe… Linny Lockwood I was called at an early hour in the morning by a tall grim-visaged monk. The metropolitan magazine, vol. 8 [David] took his own peculiar mode of venting his displeasure by treating his hard-featured, grim-visaged wife with open neglect. Ballou’s dollar monthly magazine, vol. 6 “ɑny one hurt?” cried a voice behind me; and looking round as I sprang to my feet, I found myself in a long horizontal passage or narrow gallery, with a grimlooking miner approaching me with a lantern in one hand. Charles Hoffman… A winter in the West The boat was painted a "pirate black," its crew were a dark, grim-looking set, and the officers uncommonly fierce-looking little Frenchmen. Herman Melville… Omoo I was now getting, as I have said, one dollar and fifty cents per day. I contracted for it; I earned it; it was paid to me; it was rightfully my own; yet, upon each returning Saturday night, I was compelled to deliver every cent of that money to Master Hugh. And why? Not because he earned it,—not because he had any hand in earning it,—not because I owed it to him, […]; but solely because he had the power to compel me to give it up. The right of the grim-visaged pirate upon the high seas is exactly the same. Frederick Douglass… Frederick Douglass 5. Metaphorically: (of the remains from an once-animated being, of something imitative of an animated being) whose features suggest or resemble either grimness or fierceness. On the mantelshelf were a couple of skulls, looking very yellow and grim, and asserted by our butler to be those of his luckless progenitors. William Ainsworth The Giants' Hall was a Gothic chamber of imposing appearance; the oaken rafters of the curiously-carved roof rested on the grim heads of gigantic figures of the same material. Benjamin Disraeli… Vivian Grey Some skeletons are preserved entire, in due connection of parts, and are laid out in the dress of the order —the grim and bony visage, with lipless mouth, […], and eyeless orbs being alone exposed to view. ɒenjamin Silliman… A visit to Europe… […] nothing was to be seen, except the grim figures in the tapestry, which seemed to frown upon me, as I looked at them. Ann Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho 6. Metaphorically: (of something corporeal, but unanimated) so ugly or horrifying as to keep off the looker. Grim doors, with conspicuous scrolled hinges, having high up on each side of them a small window defended by iron bars, opened on a groined entrance-court, empty of everything but a massive lamp-iron suspended from the centre of the groin. George Eliot… Romola […] The discoloured trunks of some of the grim trees. Charles Dickens… David Copperfield The great door clanged behind him, and Monsieur the Marquis crossed a hall grim with certain old boar-spears, swords, and knives of the chase; grimmer with certain heavy riding-rods and riding-whips. Charles Dickens… A Tale of Two Cities They mounted up and up, through the musty smell of an old close house, little used, to a large garret bed-room. Meagre and spare, like all the other rooms, it was even uglier and grimmer than the rest, by being the place of banishment for the worn-out furniture. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit There was a door open; she looked in, and saw grim emptiness. George Eliot… Romola 7. Metaphorically: (of a laughter, a smile, etc.) from which is inferrible that the laugher (the smiler, etc.) is feeling something contrary to his (her) gesture; this is, implying malignancy, severity or grimness, notwithstanding the gestural inconsistency. Synonym: sinister. Mr. Henry smiled to himself; a grimmer smile I never witnessed. Robert Stevenson… The Master of Ballantrae At first I disliked him from his somewhat grim and sarcastic expression; […] but I was completely mistaken, and found him very kind- hearted, pleasant, and with a good stock of humour. More Letters of Charles Darwin “You call me murderer,” said Obenreizer, with a grim laugh. Charles Dickens and Wilkie Collins… No Thoroughfare This was readily granted by Duke Charles, with one of those grim smiles of which it was impossible to say whether it meant good or harm to the party whom it concerned. Walter Scott… Quentin Durward I saw the old man did not seem disposed to say much, but I also noticed a look of grim satisfaction on his face as he looked down at the dead bandit. He then looked anxiously toward the coach, and seemed relieved to find that his daughter still remained inside. ɑllan Pinkerton… The Burglar's… 7. (Of a tale, jest, etc.) whose theme is violence, death, or anything unpleasantly contrary to playfulness. Extensively: (of anything incorporeal) unpleasantly contrary to playfulness; of such unpleasant quality, as to be preferable to keep oneself from it. All the way from the frontier I had heard grim tales of torture and mutilation. ɑrthur Doyle… The Adventures of Gerard […] Trevor Rivette had appeared on her veranda with a gun on his hip and a grim theory about the caller’s identity. Leslie Tentler… Midnight Caller […] next morning, when the weary ɒritish and their anxious General turned themselves to their grim task once more, they found a deserted village, a line of empty houses, and a litter of empty Mauser cartridge-cases to show where their tenacious enemy had stood. ɑrthur Doyle… The Great Boer War Other English words derived from grim: grimness, grim (verb trans.), grimly. _grovel_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: gr v(ə)l. Etymology: from the ancient adverb groveling (= on the face, prone), which was mistaken for the present participle of a non-existent verb grovel. Third-person singular simple present: she (he) grovels. Preterite tense, preterite participle: groveled, or grovelled. Present participle: groveling, or grovelling. Intransitively: (of a person, or another animal) to lie prone, or move on hands and feet, while the ventral part is in contact with the ground; this is, to be or locomote in a position in which the groveller’s front or ventral part is in contact, or almost in contact, with the ground; this is, to move or lie with the body prostrate upon the ground; this is, to lie flat with the face downwards, or move pronely. Synonyms: to creep, prostrate oneself; crawl. Antonyms: to stand, to raise oneself, to erect oneself, get up. Translation: postrarse, in Spanish; prostrarsi, in Italian; se prosterner, in French. Travelling along a very narrow road, […] we met a man leading a prisoner by a rope, followed by a policeman. […] He literally grovelled in the dust, and with every sentence that the policeman spoke raised his head a little, to bow it yet more deeply than before. It was all because he had no clothes on. Isabella ɒird… Unbeaten Tracks in Japan Away, fool, and know that my foot shall yet be upon your neck, while your false tongue licks the ground in which you grovel. William Simms… Southward Ho! When humans return, the dog grovels at the door, sheepishly wagging his tail, sometimes going belly up. Cheryl S. Smith... The Rosetta Bone If you fall, do not lie grovelling; but rise upon your feet once more. Memoirs of Margaret Ossoli […] Finlay was led through the gate into the court of the castle, wherein he saw five cows […] in a corner behind a dunghill, whereon divers swine grovelled at their pleasure, and hens and cocks were rampaging. ɛohn Galt… Spaewife lo! the youth was sighing heavy sighs and leaning to the ground on one elbow, and she flung herself by him on the ground, seeking for herbs that were antidotes to the poison of the serpent, grovelling among the grasses and strewn leaves of the wood, peering at them tearfully by the pale beams, and startling the insects as she moved. George Meredith… The Shaving of Shagpat It was late in the afternoon before she awoke; for the sleeping draught had been very powerful. […]. Mrs Leigh did not turn away; nor move. [..] 'Mother, don't look at me! I have been se wicked!' and instantly she hid her face, and grovelled among the bedclothes, and lay like one dead—so motionless was she. Elizabeth Gaskell.. Lizzie Leigh As soon as I could collect my scattered senses, I found myself nearly suffocated, and grovelling in utter darkness among a quantity of loose earth, which was also falling upon me heavily in every direction. Edgar Poe… Arthur Gordon Pym For the sake of a warm fire and a pat on the head, the noble wolf, […], became a mewling dog groveling under the table for scraps. ɛack Dunn… Hard -)With the preposition on, or upon, followed by a noun, which stands for the part of the body which is in contact with the ground or other horizontal surface: Endeavouring to inspire him [the sick man] with confidence, I made him lie grovelling on his belly, and, by cords tied to his feet, I raised up the hinder part of his body, so that he rested only on his breast and hands; and in this posture I administered to him another glyster, allowing him to remain in that position for half an hour. Robert Kerr… Voyages and Travels 'Bessie,' cried Blanche, who had been grovelling on her knees before the gipsy fire, 'the kettle will go off the boil if you don't make tea instantly. If it were not your birthday I should make it myself.' Mary ɒraddon… The Golden Calf He looked to the spot where Defarge the vendor of wine had stood, a moment before; but the wretched father was grovelling on his face on the pavement in that spot, and the figure that stood beside him was the figure of a dark stout woman, knitting. Charles Dickens… A Tale of Two Cities Harry was touched with the lad's expressions of affection, and told him to get up from the ground where he was grovelling on his knees, embracing his master's. William Thackeray… The Virginians […] he even thought of retracing his steps and grovelling upon his knees to implore forgiveness. George Macɑrthur… The mysteries of the court of London […] by the way, upon a bridge, there was a knight that proffered sir Launcelot to joust, and Launcelot smote him down, and then they fought on foot a noble battle together […]. ɑnd so, at the last, sir Launcelot smote him down, grovelling upon his hands and knees, and then that knight yielded him, and sir Launcelot received him goodly. Thomas Malory… Prince Arthur -)-)With the preposition on, or upon, followed by a noun, which stands for the ground or other horizontal surface: […] butterflies derive their sustenance from the nectareous juices and secretions of fruits and flowers. Instead of grovelling on the “dungy earth,” they are generally seen either sporting in the air, or resting on the disk […] Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth… […] they fell both grovelling on the ground. Thomas Malory… Prince Arthur […] his appearance, as he grovelled bulkily upon the floor, moved her to such laughter as we laugh in nightmares. Robert Stevenson… Prince Otto -) With the preposition before, followed by a noun, which stands for the animated being to whom the groveller signifies his (her) submissiveness by the prostration: She humbled herself and grovelled before Charlotte. William Thackeray… The Adventures of Philip If I become an honest man I shall become a poor man; and then nobody will respect me: nobody will admire me: nobody will say thank you to me. If on the contrary I am bold, unscrupulous, acquisitive, successful and rich, everyone will respect me, admire me, court me, grovel before me. George Shaw… Too true to be good -) -)With the preposition at, followed by a noun as feet, to signify, through the connotation of nearness, or the one of contact, that the groveller lowers himself so much as to lie level with the feet of someone else, in an attitude of submission: What do you want from me? Do you want me to grovel at your feet and call you master? ɜaren Erickson… Tangled The wretched old man, still beating his hands among his thin gray hair, slid from his chair to the ground, and groveled at Robert's feet. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Lady Audley's Secret -) Grovel, in its connotation of locomotion, may be construed with a preposition of motion (as to, toward, towards, under), with a prepositional construction (as out of), or with an adverb (as away, backward, backwards, about, etc.) At the ringing of this shrill bell Rose shuddered like a maniac, and grovelled on her knees to Raynal, and seized his very knees and implored him to show some pity. Charles Reade… White Lies […] one or two [boys], who stumbled in their haste, not pausing to rise again, but grovelling out of reach upon their hands and knees. Edward Hamley… Lady Lee’s Widowhood A dog thrust his head into the entrance and blinked wolfishly at them for a space, the slaver dripping from his ivory-white fangs. After a time he growled tentatively, and then, awed by the immobility of the human figures, lowered his head and grovelled away backward. ɛack London… Children of the Frost The cockney strove in vain to protect himself from the infuriated boy. And in vain he strove to gain the shelter of the cabin. He rolled toward it, groveled toward it, fell toward it when he was knocked down. ɛack London… The Sea-Wolf […] Churchill’s party stopped for a meal in a field which a Moroccan farmer was ploughing with oxen. His dog […] viewed their arrival with much interest, which increased when Mr. Churchill sat down in a large camp chair, and began to eat a piece of cold fried chicken. The dog grovelled towards him on his belly, with pleading eyes. ɛames Leasor… War at the top There was an old sack, […], before the fireplace, and four or five children were grovelling about, among the sand on the floor. Charles Dickens… Sketches by Boz English words derived from grovel: grovel (noun), grovelled, groveller, groveler, grovelling, grovelling. _grudge_ Verb. Pronunciation: grʌdʒ. Third-person singular simple present: grudges. Preterite tense, preterite participle: grudged. Present participle: grudging. Etymology: from old French groucher, groucier (= to murmur, grumble), which was of unknown origin. Intransitively: (obsolete acceptation) to murmur or grumble; complain; discontented. It was construed with the prepositions against, with, at, of. to be The first revelation had moved a great number of the king's subjects, […], to grudge against the said marriage before it was concluded and perfected. ɛames Froude… History of England... "Come, come, never grudge so much at it, man," Walter Scott… Chronicles… Transitively: 1. (The subject is an animated being) to be loath or unwilling to give, grant, permit, concede or do (something). Synonym: to begrudge. Translation: épargner; donner, faire, permettre en grommelant, in French; dar, hacer, o permitir rezongando, in Spanish; dare, fare o permettere brontolando, in Italian. With an income of forty thousand a year, you grudge three and sixpence. Charles Dickens… Doctor Marigold Mr. Murray, I am perfectly sure, is too liberal to have grudged the expense. Thomas de Quincey… The Notebook… "Do you never do anything else but make shoes, sir?" said Seumas. "We do not," replied the Leprecaun, "except when we want new clothes, and then we have to make them, but we grudge every minute spent making anything else except shoes, because that is the proper work for a Leprecaun. James Stephens… The Crock of Gold […] had recently become fastidious about his clothes and she did not grudge the dollars he spent on them. Harold ɒindloss… The Girl From Keller's It cost Casey ten dollars, but he didn't grudge that. B. M. Bower… The Trail… I don't grudge money when I know you're in good society. William Thackeray… Vanity Fair I never grudged my labour, in hopes of having a boat to go off to sea at last. Daniel Defoe… Robinson Crusoe The duties on spirits and tobacco […] are paid without being grudged, because they are identified with the cost of the articles. John McCulloch… A Treatise on the principles… -)The object of the verb may be an infinitive or a gerund: In return for these Russian sons of Anak, Friedrich Wilhelm grudged not to send German smiths, millwrights, drill-sergeants, cannoneers, engineers, having plenty of them. Thomas Carlyle… History of Friedrich… […] did she mean that there was no need for him to have bacon every morning, either, and that she grudged having to cook it for him? Katherine Mansfield… Collected Stories The Spa was, […], more hospitable, though I almost grudged to go under any roof whatever, on so beautiful an evening. Katharine Sinclair… Hill and Valley This was Joshua Drummond, the only son, now eighteen years of age, though he looked scarcely more than sixteen. […] He was more self-indulgent, and, though he grudged spending money for others, was perfectly ready to spend as much as he could get hold of for himself. Horatio ɑlger… Strong and Steady The value of the contents of that studio must have been great, for James Magnus earned a great deal of money, and never grudged spending it upon what he called necessaries for his art. Forester Fitz-David… Alice Littleton My mother was that indoory that she grudged having to go out and do her marketing. George Shaw… Village Wooing -)-)It may be construed with the preposition to or with a dative, to denote the indirect object of the action of this verb: […] she don't grudge me the best of wine, or keep me cooling my heels in the counting-room as some folks does. William Thackeray… The Virginians The old lady grudged her even those rare visits. William Thackeray… Vanity Fair He was such a sharp landlord, that he could hardly find any but bankrupt tenants; and such a close farmer, as to grudge almost the seed to the ground. William Thackeray… Vanity Fair Sitting in this humour on a settle in the street at Bedford, he was pondering over his fearful state. The sun in heaven seemed to grudge its light to him. James Froude… Bunyan He that grudges a poor man joy, ought to have none himself. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa […] why should you, of all men, grudge me that belief?' Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit […] I never grudged myself any thing in my life. I always made myself agreeable, and lived on the best. Fanny ɒurney… Cecilia I grudged myself food and sleep while I was at it [the trade]. Robert Stevenson – Lloyd Osbourne… The Wrecker Presents of wine, that were sent to her house, she grudged herself, and they remained untouched. Elizabeth ɒurgess… Betty Bolaine With this exaggerated idea of the smallness of their income, she felt it right to be strictly economical. She doled out the tea in starved tea-spoonfuls, grudged herself sugar. Henry Chetwynd… Three Hundred a year She made him our guardian, and he was a miserly wretch who grudged us food to eat, and clothes to wear. Charles Dickens… The Mystery of Edwin Drood Do you grudge me even gratitude, Miss Crawley? William Thackeray… Vanity Fair […] an honour that I would grudge anybody but yourself. ɛohn ɑrbuthnot… John Bull 2. To envy (an animated being). Postdefinition: it is obsolete now, and its use was maybe the result of ambiguity. In the following quotation, for example, I can not decide whether the verb should be under this obsolete definition or the preceding one. I fear Lady Maria was only too well pleased at the lad's successes, and did not grudge him his superiority over her brothers. William Thackeray… The Virginians Words derived from the vern GRUDGE: grudge (noun), grudgeful, grudgefully, grudgement, grudgery, grudger, grudging, grudgingly, grudgingness, begrudged, begrudged, begrudgingly. _gush_ Verb. Pronunciation: gʌʃ. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense: gushed; preterite participle: gushed; present participle: gushing. Intransitively: 1. (Of a fluid) to issue or flow copiously out from the body that confines it; to be emitted strongly. Synonyms: to spout, stream, pour, spurt, jet, well, squirt. Translation: jaillir in French; sgorgare, in Italian; brotar, in Spanish. Particular syntax: with the preposition from, followed by a noun, with which the place of confinement is designated. With the adverbs down, in, forth, out, up, to denote direction. […] the blood gushed from his ears and nostrils. Oscar Wilde… The Young King The tears gushed from my eyes as I beheld him. Charles Lever… Tom Burke of "Ours" Around us gushed water from the bricks which lined the side of the pit, and fell with a dreary, splashing sound, far, far below. William Howitt… The Boy's Country-Book We skirted the great lava flood, which has gushed from Eiriks. Sabine Baring-Gould… Iceland Once or twice they had stopped at some spot where water, limpid as the air, gushed from the rocks. ɛames Cooper… The Heathcotes A fountain of bright waters gushed up. The Ladies' Companion, vol. 16-17 He took a crowbar to ascertain what the under strata was, and stuck it down into the bog the length of the bar, and upon withdrawing it, the water gushed up in a steady stream, running off into his ditch. Theodore Dwight… American Penny Magazine A confused murmur of talk and the shuffling of many feet arose on all sides, while from time to time, when the outside and inside doors of the entrance chanced to be open simultaneously, a sudden draught of air gushed in, damp, glacial, and edged with the penetrating keenness of a Chicago evening at the end of February. Frank Norris… The Pit […] I pried open the window […]. Rain gushed in like water squirting out of a fire hose. Ted Sabine… Crows in the Autumn Sky […] the thick white vapour began to gush forth. Charles Dickens… Household words Sparkling streams gushed down the rocks in silver foam. ɒayard Taylor… Travels in Greece The cool springs and limpid rills which gushed out in all parts of the mountains, and the abundant streams which for a great part of the year were supplied by the Sierra Nevada, spread a perpetual verdure over the skirts and slopes of the hills. Washington Irving… Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada 2. (Of a person, a part of his body, etc.) to suffer or undergo a gush. Particular syntax: with the preposition with, followed by a noun, with which the fluid is designated. The streets were here and there blocked up by great wine-presses, which, as they were screwed down, gushed with purple spouts into all sorts of tubs, and jars, and pannikins. George Cayley… Las Alforjas Her eyes gushed with tears. Fanny Burney… Camilla An avenue of formal poplars traverses the verdant flat meadows, gushing with rills of water. ɛohn Murray… Hand-book for travellers in France 3. (Metaphorically) to act with exaggerated exhibition of emotion. Particularly, to speak with exaggerated exhibition of emotion. You must think I'm a stalker, a total crazy person,” Eden gushed. ɛill ɜargman… Arm Candy She has gushed about expectations for the new baby's health and possible names. ɜatie Ward… Girl Reading English words derived from gush: gusher, gushing, gush (noun), gushily, gushiness, gushingly, gushingness, gushy. _harass_ Transitive verb. Pronunciation and accent: hærəs. Preterite tense, Preterite participle: harassed. Present participle: harassing. Etymology: from French harasser: to tire; also, to importune. This French verb is of disputed origin. 1. Archaic acceptation: to tire; to fatigue with overwork; to cause (someone) to tire with efforts or with something grievous. Cf. French harasser. Synonym: fag. I cannot at present tell you how, or where, you can direct to me. For very early shall I leave this place; harassed and fatigued to death. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa 2. (The subject being an group of persons, an army, etc.) to invade hostilely, predatorily or destructively (a country, a land, a field, etc.) Synonyms: to raid, harry, devastate, ravage, devastate, plunder. Antonyms: pacify, appease, conciliate. Translation: devastar, in Spanish; ravager, piller, in French; devastare, in Italian. The Normans were the posterity of those Danes who had so long and so cruelly harassed the British islands and the shore of the adjoining continent. Edmund ɒurke… The Works […] complaints were made that the countries aforesaid were harassed and oppressed. Edmund ɒurke… The Works Italy, and the islands, were harassed by their fleets [the Saracens’s], and all Europe alarmed by their vigorous and frequent enterprises. Edmund ɒurke… Selections… 3. (The subject being an group of persons, an army, etc.) to aggress repeatedly (the inhabitants or the defenders of a land, country, island, etc.); to behave hostilely against (a people, etc.) by repeated attacks, incursions, etc., as in war. Synonyms: vex; assail. Translation: attaccare, in Italian; atacar, hostilizar, agredir, in Spanish; harceler, attaquer, in French. [The Britons] no longer, therefore, opposed the Romans in the open field; they formed frequent ambuscades; they divided themselves into light flying parties, and continually harassed the enemy on his march. Edmund ɒurke… The Works […] Sancho came against his brother, to besiege him in Santarem. And the Portugueze and Galegos took counsel together what they should do; for some were of advice that it was better to defend the cities and fortresses which they held, and so lengthen out the war; others that they should harass the army of the Castillia ns with frequent skirmishes and assaults […] Robert Southey… Chronicle of the Cid After eight years of differing and quarrelling, the Prince of Wales again invaded France with an army of sixty thousand men. He went through the south of the country, burning and plundering wheresoever he went; while his father, […], did the like in Scotland, but was harassed and worried in his retreat from that country by the Scottish men. Charles Dickens… A Child’s Story 4. Hence: a. To assail, to aggress in other circumstance than an incursion; to treat unfriendly. b. To impede by a harassing attack. The Indians unceasingly harassed their march. Francis Parkman… Huguenots in Florida 5. (The subject being a person) to trouble, grieve, or vex by inconsiderate or importunate behaviour; to molest persistently; to annoy with reiterated misbehaviour; to importune with reiterated demands or requirements; to persecute with something unwanted or undesired. Translation: importuner, ennuyer, gêner, in French; importunare, molestare, infastidire, in Italian; molestar, fastidiar, acosar, in Spanish. Synonyms: nag, trouble, distress, bully, bother, persecute, disturb, annoy, vex, worry, molest. Antonyms: please, soothe, solace, comfort, relieve, gratify, cheer. Years back, predators such as cougars, wolves, and humans harassed the horses and drove them to new ranges, mixing up the herds so that far less inbreeding occurred. Dayton Hyde… The Pastures of Beyond […] although she was a gentle lady, in all things worthy to be beloved—good, beautiful, sensible, and kind—the king from the first neglected her. Her father and her six proud brothers, resenting this cold treatment, harassed the king greatly by exerting all their power to make him unpopular. Charles Dickens… A Child’s Story I did not pretend to disguise from my perception the identity of the singular individual who thus perseveringly interfered with my affairs, and harassed me with his insinuated counsel. Edgar Poe His men also complain that they are harassed with the duty of watching for protection of a castle, in itself impregnable, and sufficiently garrisoned, and that they lose all opportunity of honourable enterprise […] Walter Scott… The Betrothed I was perpetually harassed with importunate demands, and insulted by wretches, who a few months before would not have dared to raise their eyes from the dust before me. Samuel Johnson… The Adventurer and Idler [Euryalus] resolved to harass himself no longer with the drudgery of getting money, but to quit his business and his profit, and enjoy for a few years the pleasures of travel. Samuel Johnson… The Adventurer and Idler It would prevent his harassing himself with speculations as to his own future— speculations which were obviously useless until he should learn what was required of him by the Council. William ɒlack… Sunrise -)Metaphorically: (The subject: a thing) I am like a man habitually afraid of spectres, who is set at ease by a lamp, and wonders at the dread which harassed him in the dark; yet, if his lamp be extinguished, feels again the terrors which he knows that when it is light he shall feel no more. Samuel Johnson… Rasselas How greatly this most exquisite portraiture harassed me, (for it could not justly be termed a caricature,) I will not now venture to describe. Edgar Poe I hope you won't let his mind be harassed by money matters. William ɒlack… Prince Fortunatus Words derived from the verb HARASS: unharassed, over-harassed, harassed (adj.), harassedly, harassing (participle adj.), harassable, harasser, harassery, harass (noun), harassment, harassing (noun). _hesitate_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: h zɪteɪt. Etymology: from Latin hæsitare (= to be stuck, to stick fast, hesitate) intensive from hærere (= to hesitate, stick fast). It is etymologically and semantically identical to French hésiter, to Spanish hesitar (rarely used), and to Italian esitare. Preterite tense, preterite participle: hesitated. Present participle: hesitating. Third-person singular simple present: she/he hesitates Intransitively: 1. to be in a state of hesitation or indecision; to manifest, or behave with, indecision; to pause irresolutely. Synonyms: to doubt; dubitate. Antonyms: to be resolute, resolve. It is the celebrated Montez, the most expert bull-killer in Spain, and he is greeted with thundering plaudits by the spectators. He advances towards the bull, who eyes him warily, as if he were aware that a new and more dangerous antagonist had taken the field against him. But the animal hesitates only a moment. Gathering all his strength, he rushes upon the red flag which the matador holds out on his left side. ɛohn Dix… A winter in Madeira When I said these words, I of course expected some […] sally from ɒedloe in reply, but, to my astonishment, he hesitated, trembled, became fearfully pallid, and remained silent. Edgar Poe “You never ask after the picture now, and it is nearly finished; come into the studio a moment and look at it. I should like to have your opinion;” and as she hesitated, he continued a little impatiently, “You need not fear I shall detain you, and the children will like to see it.” Rose Carey… Only the governes "Don't hesitate, father, but go," cried Luke; and the old man hurried off. Forester Fitz-David… Alice Littleton In his haste some small boxes were thrown down, the noise occasioned by which I heard, as will be recollected. He had made considerable progress on his return when the fall of the knife again caused him to hesitate. He retraced his steps immediately, and, clambering up the stowage a second time, called out my name, loudly as before, having watched for a lull. Edgar Poe… Gordon Pym -)Particularly: to manifest indecision in speaking; stammer; falter: This being a sort of defiance, one and another gentleman advanced to answer it. He that was first began to speak; but Mr. Tyrrel, by the expression of his countenance and a peremptory tone, by well-timed interruptions and pertinent insinuations, caused him first to hesitate, and then to be silent. William Godwin… The adventures of Caleb… -)-)With the preposition in, or (rarely) at, followed either by a noun or by a gerund, designative of the object of one’s indecision: There has been but one consideration which caused me to hesitate a moment in delivering the message to you, and which would effectually have prevented me, if our intimacy had not hitherto been so close. ɑzel Roe… A long look ahead This change in his daughter was not unmarked by the Consul, who, after some reflection, could not hesitate in considering it as the result of the departure of Mr. Ferrers. ɒenjamin Disraeli… Sketches Mrs. Harris paused, --hesitated in her speech, and at length stammered out. Isabella Spence… How to be rid of a wife Ranulph hesitated for a moment in his answer, during which space he regarded Eleanor with the deepest anxiety. William ɑinsworth… Rookwood I always called at the big houses to deliver the letters, and receive the postage. Nobody hesitates at paying for a letter -- especially for a double one -- people are such fools- and it was no trouble to get round a corner before there was time to open the epistles. Edgar Poe Those who would hesitate at such a wager, have either never been boys themselves, or have forgotten the boyish nature. Edgar Poe -) With the preposition about, followed either by a noun or by a gerund, designative of the object of one’s indecision: "You remember me now, sir, I dare say! -Jane Darley, sir!" said she; hesitating about taking the offered chair, and fumbling with her cloak, as though her hands were trying to knead her into courage. Grace Frances… The banker’s wife Gruel is one of the best possible things for a beaten out horse. Stir gradually in a gallon of water, a pint or a quart of oat-meal, or half flour and half corn-meal, according as the horse likes is thick or thin, and fill up the pail with cold water. If the horse hesitates about drinking it, give him first a mouthful of water. Rudolph Gleason… Gleason’s horse book I was much surprised that Dr. Foam, who appeared so well acquainted with the lady, should hesitate about her name. William ɑinsworth… Mervin Clitheroe The man did not hesitate a moment about the direction he should take. Wilkie Collins… The Woman in White -) -)With the preposition between, used to signify two objects of consideration (cf. French hésiter entre; Italian esitare fra): […] while we were hesitating between the tasks of pulling off our shoes and stockings, and walking a mile higher up to the bridge […] Richard Ayton… A voyage round Great Britain I despair of conveying to the reader any distinct conception of the marvels which my friend did actually accomplish. I wish to describe, but am disheartened by the difficulty of description, and hesitate between detail and generality. Edgar Poe -) With the preposition on, or upon, followed either by a noun or by a gerund, designative of the object of one’s indecision: Arthur Macon, when told that Frederic would enter the navy, hesitated as little on accompanying him as he would have done in determining on a day’s fishing party or an excursion into the country. ɛane Mcintosh… Conquest and self-conquest While we were hesitating on this proposition […] we heard a noise below. Martha Sherwood… The lady of the manor I may as well here observe, that amongst these articles were two books, and, from the positive commands of my companion, not to touch the book in the cabin, I looked upon them with a degree of awe, and hesitated upon taking them in my hand; but, at last, I put them out to dry on the rocks, with the rest of the contents of the chest. Captain Marryat… The Little Savage The boy hesitated a little upon entering, but the Colonel called him in. Ethel Dell… The Lamp in the Desert -) -)With the preposition for, followed by a noun, designative of what is to be decided: [“] Have you since your return to England visited that country where we formerly knew one another? Tell me, do you know my wretched story? Tell me that, my friend.” Booth hesitated for an answer; indeed, he had heard some imperfect stories, not much to her advantage. Henry Fielding… Amelia I have seen her in conversation with many […] men of the various professions of this country, and her colloquial powers were such that she never for a moment hesitated for a word or an idea on any topic that was started. Southern Literary Messenger, vol. 5 ["] I don’t believe you would be a safe confidant; you are too–too–" and here he hesitated for a word –"too soft-hearted" Rose Carey… Only the governess -) -)-)With the preposition over, followed by a gerund or a noun, designative of what is to be decided: She thought he acted as though he didn't care much whether she kept the horse or not, and for that reason, and because his explanation had sounded like truth, she hesitated over refusing the offer, though she felt that she ought to refuse. ɒ. ɒower… Starr, of the Desert He hesitated over waiting for Gottlieb's arrival, to tell him of the discovery, but determined to keep silence till he should have determined whether it was an accident. Sinclair Lewis… Arrowsmith The coming ashore of the English had evidently disconcerted the Indians and they hesitated over what should be their next move. Edward Stratemeyer… Marching on Niagara If she had not been thus compelled to write steadily and concisely on, she might have hesitated over many a word, and been puzzled to choose between many an expression, in the awkwardness of being the first to resume the intercourse of which the concluding event had been so unpleasant to both sides. Elizabeth Gaskell… North and South -) -) With the prepositional construction as to, before a noun, or a dependent clause introduced by an interrogative adverb, designative of the object of one’s indecision: She poured out a glass, and the Rector drew it to him, and sat gazing at the clear, amber liquid, hesitating as to how he should begin. Forester Fitz-David… Alice Littleton There are, I suppose, few persons who have not hesitated as to the best pronunciation of foreign names of persons and places. New Monthly Magazine, vol. 2 […] while I yet hesitate as to where I shall walk, I see […] a wreath of white smoke. Charles Dickens… Household Words, vol. 5 -) -) -)This prepositional construction (as to) seems to be omitted when its object is an infinitive, a gerund, or a dependent clause introduced either by an interroga tive adverb, an interrogative pronoun, or the conjunction whether (cf. French hésiter si…): They were secured on either bank to heavy buttresses of stone. But as they were originally designed for nothing heavier than the foot-passenger and the llama, and, as they had something exceedingly fragile in their appearance, the Spaniards hesitated to venture on them with their horses. William Prescott… The History of the Conquest of Peru [Dupin] seemed, too, to take an eager delight in its exercise - if not exactly in its display - and did not hesitate to confess the pleasure thus derived. Edgar Poe It was not until she had proceeded some distance up the Bowery, that she noticed even that the carriage had taken that route. She thought it could not possibly be the nearest; but still she hesitated to speak to the driver, especially as she would be obliged to put her head out of the window to do so, there being no other means of communication with him. ɑzel Roe… A long look ahead Don Birbone paused for a moment and placed his finger on his lip, as if reflecting on what he ought to do, and Corneli hesitated awaiting his decision. ɛohn Galt… The earthquake Admiral Watson, apprehensive he might be reflected on, should he neglected such an opportunity of distressing the common enemy, hesitated signing. Luke Scrafton… Indostan […] at last he was seen to attain the highest point of the island, where he stood for a few moments, hesitating where to turn or to direct his researches. Walter Scott… Moredun [The locusts] made their appearance at first in a large dense cloud, hovering high in the air, as if hesitating where to descend. Woodbine Parish… Buenos Ayres [The woman] paused, as if she hesitated how to explain something. Eliot Warburton… Darien With little or no ceremony, Miss Matson, the next morning, came into her room, and begged leave to enquire when their small account could be settled. And, while Ellis hesitated how to answer, added, that the reason of her desiring a reply as quickly as possible, was an interview that she had just had with the other creditors, the preceding evening. Fanny ɒurney… The Wanderer I was […] hesitating which of the roads that diverged from the green to pursue, when there issued form the school-porch the tall pensive figure of the young schoolmaster […] Fraser’s Magazine, vol. 5 Very few people were abroad. Amalia hesitated whom to address, until she saw a one-armed porter in the act of closing the great entrance-gate of a court of houses. The Eclectic Magazine, vol. 51 […] the troops were hesitating whom to nominate as emperor. Robert ɒrowne… A history of Rome… I no longer hesitated what to do. I resolved to lash myself securely to the water cask upon which I now held, to cut it loose from the counter, and to throw myself with it into the water. Edgar Poe While he hesitated whether it would be better to send back one of his followers, […] he heard the blast of a horn, and looking in the direction from which the sound came, beheld a horseman riding very fast towards them. Walter Scott… Waverley novels, vol. 31 Sailing to the north, with his only son for his companion, he coasted the shores of Greeland, and hesitated whether to attempt the circumnavigation of that country, or the passage across the pole. George ɒancroft… History of the colonization… 2. To manifest hesitation or indecision in one’s locomotion. Without a prepositional complement, the next three quotations may also be placed under the first definition Once more he neared the farm, and once more he hesitated and turned off. Forester Fitz-David… Alice Littleton Jane rose, retreated a few steps, hesitated, advanced again, paused, and observing that the solicitor's look was not repulsive, she ventured timidly to say[…] Felix Hamel – Lionel Hexham… Harry Roughton Leonie was walking across the space, neither hastening nor hesitating, towards the tiger which crouched, growling softly, with its tail sweeping the ground. Joan Conquest… Leonie of the Jungle -)With a prepositional complement: He became anxious to see how Kurt was affected by these things. Also he perceived he was hungry. He hesitated towards the door of the cabin and peeped out into the passage. Herbert Wells… The War in the Air He took as long as he could in unpacking things which needed no unpacking, and hesitated down the stairs. Sinclair Lewis… Arrowsmith Transitively: to speak (a word, statement, etc.) hesitatingly. "What shall we do, Poll?" hesitated Edgeworth Bess. William ɑinsworth… Jack Sheppard Other words derived from HESITATE: hesitater, hesitating, hesitatingly, hesitatingness, hesitation, hesitative, hesitatively, hesitatory, hesitantly, hesitant, hesitancy, hesitance. Other words derived from Latin hærere: cohere, coherence, coherency, coherent, coherently, coherer, cohering, cohesion, cohesive, cohesively, cohesivenes s, inhere, inherence, inherency, inherent, inherentness, inherently, inhering, inhesion, adhere, adherence, adherency, adherend, adherent, adhering, adhesion, adhesive, adhesively, adhesiveness, incoherent, incoherence, incoherency, incoherently, incohering, incohesion, incohesive, inadherent, inadhesion, inadhesive, unadhesive, unadherent. _hoard_ Verb. Pronunciation: hɔəd. Etymology: from Old English hordian, from hord (= hoard). Third-person singular simple present: she/he hoards. Preterite tense, preterite participle: hoarded. Present participle: hoarding. Transitively: to make a hoard of; to collect (anything valuable, as money, wealth, comestible, etc.) for future use; to deposit, or lay up, for the sake either of accumulating as much as possible, or of reserving. Antonyms: to dissipate, squander, spend, waste, lavish. Synonyms: to lay up, amass, treasure, store up. Translation: acumular, in Spanish; accumulare, in Italian; accumuler, in French. […] instead of hoarding the precious metals in the shape of statues, vases, cups, dishes, and personal ornaments, the great possessors of them must have had the strongest inducements to prefer keeping them in the shape of coined money. William ɛacob… Precious metals […] now they have taken a glass of the Dean's most particular Madeira, wine that has travelled from tropic to tropic, and been hoarded in the spacious cellars of the deanery, nobody knows how long. Anne Marsh- Caldwell… Castle Avon Latterly, I had hoarded up all I could collect; but the sum was small, much too small for the proposed expedition. Frederick Marryat… In Search of a Father Her money […] actively won and prudently hoarded, increased fourfold. ɑllan Cunningham… Lord Roldan The natives and some of the European officers want the magistrates to force the sale of grain, and the grain-merchants want to hoard it. Julia Maitland… Letters from Madras I had been now eleven days and nights with no more water than that contained in the jug which he had left with me, a supply which it was not at all probable I had hoarded in the beginning of my confinement, as I had had every cause to expect a speedy release. Edgar Poe… Arthur Gordon Pym […] having no wages, he had contrived to earn a little by washing, etc., and every copper was carefully hoarded for the Bombay bazaars, where, he informed me, better bargains in clothes could be got than anywhere in London. Frank ɒullen… The Log of a Sea-Waif If a battle was lost, they dispersed to save themselves, and look out for the safety of their families; if won, they went back to their glens to hoard up their booty, and attend to their cattle and their farms. Walter Scott… Chronicles of the Canongate […] it is well known he has never ceased to thrive ; all he gets is hoarded in the Bank. ɛohn Galt… Lawrie Todd -)With the adverb up, with the connotation of “into a receptacle or place of storage”: During the period of the Macedonian empire, the precious metals were spread in great abundance over the whole eastern shores of the Mediterranean; and if there had not been a very large portion of them hoarded up in the royal treasury, their value must have [… diminished] William ɛacob… Precious metals He had hoarded up some money, which was kept in paper parcels, of a few shillings each, generally scattered about the floor, and which, at his death, he bequeathed to the parish poor. Alexander Wilson… American ornithology While others are hoarding up their bags of money, without the power of enjoying it, I am collecting, […] those beautiful specimens. Alexander Wilson… American ornithology We sent messengers on the 29th of September, to acquaint the Sultan of Caytongee, […] that we had not yet the fourth part of our loading; and moreover that the Chinese and several of his subjects had hoarded up their pepper, in hopes to sell it for a greater price to the Chinese junks, when they should come. John Pinkerton… Voyages and travels… His treasure is so vast, that it cannot be contained in two immense cellars or warehouses, consisting of precious stones, plates of gold, and other rich ornaments, besides as much gold coin as might load an hundred mules […]. This treasure is said to have been hoarded up by twelve kings, his predecessors. Robert Kerr… Voyages and Travels Every ribbon and every flower he had given her she had hoarded up as though they were of priceless value. Rosa Carey… Heriot's Choice Intransitively: to make a hoard of anything valuable, as money, comestible, etc.; to become a hoarder. It is not improbable that this reserve fund was carefully kept from circulation by hoarding, as a preparation for the grand campaign against the Greeks. William Jacob… Precious metals He had hoarded, all these years, I found, to good purpose. His property in money amounted to nearly three thousand pounds. Charles Dickens… David Copperfield Other English words derived from hoard: hoarder, hoarding, hoarded. _humor_, or _humour_ Verb. Etymology: from HUMOUR noun, and this one from Latin humorem (= fluid). Preterite tense, preterite participle: humored, humoured. Present participle: humouring, humoring. Third-person singular simple present: she/he humours. 1. To behave in accordance with the humour, or mood, of (a person or another animal); to please (someone) by simulating having the same temporary state of mind as him. Translation: complacer (a alguien) fingiendo estar del mismo humor, in Spanish; plaire (quelqu’un) en feignant d’être dans la même humeur, in French; compiacere (qualcuno) fingendo d’essere dello stesso umore. Antonyms: to oppose, to be adverse to, thwart. It was quite evident that she humoured her husband, not from affection only, but from fear Elizabeth Sewell… Katharine Ashton If they sometimes humoured them in their frivolity, it was not because they could not discriminate […] The Lady’s Weekly Miscellany, vol. 7 He let them tell their stories […]; and he even humoured them so as to laugh the while he was despising them. R. D. ɒlackmore… The Maid of Sker The cattle made a dead stand, which almost threw me from my seat. I whipped them, humoured them […], but all to no purpose; they would not stir from the spot. Thomas Purnell… The lady Drusilla I wanted to keep even my name a secret. Mr. Randall humored me in this – which perhaps to others would have seemed an unreasonable whim. Catherine ɒement… Spinner of Webs […] she did not attempt to reason with me, but rather humored me in my determination, promising me an effective poison, while secretly resolved upon turnishing me with a drug that merely simulated death. Anna Green… A matter of millions -)The direct object may be the act, instead of the person: "On the contrary," said Miss Hamlyn, humouring his raillery. Mrs. Gore… The Banker’s Wife Other English words derived from humour: humoral, humoresque, humoric, humorif ic, humorism, humourist, humorist, humoristic, humorize, humorous, humorous ly, humorousness, humoured, humored, humourless, humourlessness, humourso me, humorsome, humoursomely, humoursomeness, humid, humidness, humid ly, humidification, humidify, humidified, humidifier, humidistat, humidity, humidor. _hurry_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: hʌrɪ. Etymology: maybe of imitative origin. Preterite tense: hurried. Preterite participle : hurried. Present participle: hurrying. Transitively: 1. (Obsolete acceptation): to agitate or excite. 2. To cause (someone) to act hurriedly; to urge to a hurried action; to cause a hurry in (an animated being). Antonym: to retard. Translation: apresurar, in Spanish; presser, in French; affrettare, in Italian. -)With the preposition into, followed by a noun, designative of the hurried action: […] passion has hurried me into a description which I meant to have deferred till you could observe him awhile for yourself. Margaret Holford… Warbeck… […] her zeal often degenerated into a culpable excess, and hurried her into acts of intolerance. William Coxe… House of Austria -)Reflexively: "Miss Burney," cried she, smiling with a look of congratulation, "Mamma says the snuff is extremely well mixed; and she has sent another box to be filled." I had no more ready. She begged me not to mind, and not to hurry myself, for she would wait till it was done. Fanny ɒurney… Diary and Letters… […] I did not hurry myself, and walked leisurely along beneath the awnings, stopping occasionally to gaze at the heaps of goods which were displayed in the stores. Charles ɒriggs… The adventures of Harry… As I have wrote you two such long letters lately, my dear Hal, I did not hurry myself to answer your last. Horace Walpole… Private correspondence From her window, she had seen Fitzhenry out before the house, and she hurried herself to be in the breakfast-room before his return. Lady ɒury… A marriage.. 3. Particularly: to make to move or go (someone) in a hurry; to urge to a hurried locomotion. A maid was making my bed, and I hurried her out of my room. Walter… My secret life Our drivers, with their usual caution and regard for our necks, were hurrying us forward at full gallop over a bridge. Arthur Broke… Spain and Morocco […] Germanus himself was hurried along by the crowds, who rushed to the palace […] Edward Gibbon… The Roman Empire -)With the preposition into + noun of the place: […] the person who had for an instant appeared at the upper window, rushed out, and calling Madelaine by name, seized her by the arm, and hurried her into the Palace. ɑlexis Chamerovzow… Philip of Lutetia […] he hurried me into the chaise, observing that we should be late home, and the nights were cold and dark. William Sewell… Ursula -)-)With the preposition to + noun of the place: Aunt Hatty was dreadfully frightened, and hurried me to a warm room to change my wet clothes. Graham's Illustrated Magazine of Literature, vol. 49 […] the boy was placed in a carriage and hurried away to Rome. Harper’s Magazine 4. To take, transfer, send or carry (something) with excessive haste. On ascertaining that she [the boat] was actually bound for Nashville, with great eagerness we paid our first-class bill, and hurried our baggage on board. Frederick Olmsted… A Journey Through Texas All night long were we impelled by the whirling winds and waves without knowing whither they were hurrying us, until […] the captain declared his belief that we had been driven to the southward of Crete. Horace Smith… Tales of the Early Ages 5. a. To cause (an action, progress, etc.) to be hurriedly made; to make a hurry of; to hasten the preparation of. b. To execute (a purpose, intention, etc.) hurriedly. Synonyms: to hasten, accelerate, quicken, speed. Antonym: to slow. When the Indians closed upon us, we exerted our utmost efforts to drive them off with our swords, and then hurried our march to get over the causeway as soon as possible. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels This movement of the natives made us suspicious of no very friendly intentions on their part, and hurried our return to the boat. Philip ɜing… Western Coasts… vol. I They hurried their departure before Nicuesa, and setting all sail on their caravel, hastened back to Darien. Washington Irving… Voyages and Discoveries… 6. To put hurriedly (something) on, away, etc. A large crowd the next morning had assembled in the neighbourhood. The open space in front of house was thickly covered with Indians […]. I hurried on my clothes with as much despatch as possible, and went down among them. William Simms… The book of my lady Intransitively: (of someone) to act hurriedly or with excessive haste. Particularly, to locomote with evident haste or velocity. Synonyms: to speed, hasten. Antonyms: to slow, delay, tarry. Translation: apresurarse, in Spanish; se hâter, in French; affrettarsi, in Italian. I hurried home, procured a telescope, and returned to the rock. Edgar Poe The wind had entirely ceased, but it was evident that we were still hurrying on to the southward, under the influence of a powerful current. Edgar Poe He had seen Rainsford hurry out of the house and make for the wood. ɛames Paulding… Westward ho! Having said this, the worthy old lady hurried back into the parlour again. Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist Hurrying into the room, [Mrs. Corney] threw herself, in a breathless state, on a chair by the fireside. Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist He received the money, and the trinkets, which his mother had not worn for thirty years, and hurried from the house. John Mackay… Tales of the Borders Cava, having thrown her robe round her, and covered herself with her veil, in trepidation hurried from the palace. ɑugusta Stuart… Cava of Toledo -)With the preposition to, followed by a noun, designative either of the place to which the hurrier goes, or of the action about to be perfomed: “ Where is the carriage?” said she, hurrying to the door. Elizabeth Landon… The Complete Works Olimpia awakes, and, finding herself alone, hurries to the beach. John Dunlop… Roman Literature My father and Hazlewood hurried to the front door to demand who they were, and what was their business. Walter Scott… Waverley Novels Let us hurry to the walls. Edgar Poe […] it is only the voice of his trusty attendant, who, fancying from the clamor, that his master is hard beset, is hurrying to the rescue. The Ladies' Companion, Volúmenes 14-15 Let me hurry to a conclusion. Edgar Poe Now hurry back to school and say you met me, but that I was in a great hurry. ɒret Harte… The Three Partners Dinner over, we hurried upstairs, and we went naked to bed. Walter… My secret life […] they hurried towards Annette's room, which was in a distant part of the castle. ɑnn Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho In this resolution, she seized a lamp, that burned at the foot of the stair-case, and hurried towards the secret passage. Horace Walpole… The Castle of Otranto Words derived from hurry: hurried, hurriedly, hurriedness, hurrier. _imbue_ Transitive verb. Preterite tense, preterite participle: imbued. Present participle: imbuing Pronunciation and accent: ɪmbjuː Etymology: from Latin imbuere (= to imbue, wet, moisten, tinge, stain, imbrue), which is analysable into in- + buere. It is etymologically identical to Spanish imbuir. 1. To affect (a substance) with some moisture; to make moist or humid; to saturate; wet thoroughly; to cause to become porously penetrated by a liquid, a vapour or other substance emanated. Synonyms: to soak, drench, bedrench, steep, sodden, sop, temper. Antonyms: dry, desiccate. Translation: tremper, mouiller, in French; imbevere, in Italian; impregnar, in Spanish. When the food has been sufficiently masticated and imbued with saliva, it is collected by the action of the cheeks and tongue upon the surface of the last organ. Robley Dunglison… Human Physiology As a bit of waste paper, which is composed of filaments connected together, being once imbued with water or with oil, will not suffer any other liquor to pass through it, but such as it was saturated with before. Richard Sullivan… A View of Nature Chalky soils, which are so notorious for injuring the fleece, are supposed to act in a corrosive manner, but the correct explanation is not, that the chalky particles attack the fibre in a direct manner, but that they render it brittle by absorbing the oily moisture with which it is naturally imbued. The Farmer’s Magazine Some cooks steep the meat in the wine and other seasonings for a night, or for some hours previous to baking. This, no doubt, imbues the venison with the flavour of the seasonings, but at the same time drains off the juices, and hurts the natural flavour of the meat, so that we would rather discountenance the practice. C. ɛohnstone… The Cook and Housewife’s Manual 2. To dye, tinge by imbuing. [Clothes] which have once been thoroughly imbued with black, cannot well afterwards be dyed into lighter color. Robert ɒoyle… Philosophical Works 3. Metaphorically: to affect (something or someone) with something incorporeal as if by imbuing. "It is we who are in your debt for a lovely romance, my dear Sir Willoughb y, " said Lady Busshe, incapable of taking a correction, so thoroughly had he imbued her with his fiction, or with the belief that she had a good story to circulate. George Meredith… The Egoist I became imbued with the notion on that first occasion before we sat down to dinner, but I cannot define by what means. Charles Dickens… Great Expectations Word derived from imbue: imbuement. _immerse_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: ɪm ːs. Preterite tense, preterite participle: immersed. Present participle: immersing. Etymology: from Latin immers-, participial stem of immergere (= to dip, plunge). The Latin immergere is analysed into im- and mergere (= to dip). Transitively: 1. To cause (something or someone) to penetrate a liquid; to dip into a liquid matter. Synonyms: to plunge, sink, immerge. Translation: sumergir, in Spanish; immerger, in French; immergere, in Italian. Antonyms: to make emerge, float. […] as if they had been snow-balls immersed in water. Oliver Goldsmith… A History of the Earth One morning, as I sat very quietly, I observed a mole come out of an osier holt and run across a grass path, and take to the water: when it was about half across the river, I ran to the edge of the water, and the mole then made a perceptible attempt to dive, but merely immersed his nose in the water for half a minute, and rapidly gained the shore, and soon disappeared in a hole of the bank. Oliver Goldsmith… A History of the Earth The stone is immersed in water: it is therefore a condition of its reaching the ground, that its specific gravity exceed that of the surrounding fluid, or in other words that it surpass in weight an equal volume of water. John Mill… A System of Logic It may be said that very few human bodies will sink at all, even in fresh water, of their own accord. Almost any one, falling into a river, will be enabled to float, if he suffer the specific gravity of the water fairly to be adduced in comparison with his own — that is to say, if he suffer his whole person to be immersed, with as little exception as possible., with the head thrown fully back, and immersed; the mouth and nostrils alone remaining above the surface. Edgar Poe 2. (Extensively) to cause to penetrate other fluid than water; to plunge into anything fluid. The violence of the storm has been counterbalanced by its transitoriness. From being immersed in well-nigh solid media of cloud and hail shot with lightning, I find myself uncovered […] Thomas Hardy… A Changed Man and other Tales […] a numher of busy little beings, immersed in the aerial fluid that every where surrounds them, and sedulously employed in procuring the means of subsistence. Oliver Goldsmith… A History of the Earth In an instant he sprang into a long gallery filled with steam, in a dense cloud of which he was immersed, and with a wizard air he silently beckoned us to follow. Benjamin Silliman… A Visit to Europe 3. (With less propriety) to cause to be surrounded or covered by a granulated matter. A plant, with its flowers, fades and dies immediately, if exposed to the air, without having its roots immersed in a humid soil, from which it may draw a suffic ie nt quantity of moisture to supply that which exhales from its substance. Richard Sulivan… A View of Nature 4. (Metaphorical) to cause to be very busy in something as if absorbed by it; -used chiefly as a passive and reflexive construction. He opened some books as he said it, and was soon immersed in their interlea ved and annotated passages. Charles Dickens… The Mystery of Edwin Drood Intransitively: to become immersed. English words derived from Latin mergere: merge (noun, verb), merged, merging, mergee, mergence, merger, commerge, submerge, submerging, submerged, submergement, submergence, submergible, submergibility, submerse, submersed, submersible, submersion, insubmersible, insubmergible, unmerged, emerge, emergence, emergency, emergent (noun, adj.), emergently, emerging (noun, adj.), demersal, demersed, demerger, demerge, demerged, demerging, immerge, immergence, immergent, immerger, immersal, immersed, immersement, immersible, immersion. _impart_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: ɪmp ːt. Etymology: from Old French imparter, from Latin impartire (= to share, communicate), from im- (= in) + partire (= to part, divide), from pars (= part, share). Preterite tense: imparted. Preterite participle: imparted. Present participle: imparting. Transitively: 1. (The subject: something or someone) to make another a partaker of (quality, etc.); to communicate (something communicable, as a quality); to make another partake of one’s quality, feeling, etc.. Hence, to cause. Synonyms: to communicate. Translation: impartir, in French; impartir, in Spanish; impartire, in Italian. […] your friend to whom you have imparted happiness not expected, not earned, and not deserved. Clara Harrington… Clara Harrington Cooper feared it would be a somewhat difficult task to impart his skill to Nicholas, who was not over-bright in learning. Harriet Martineau… Political Economy It was love that had imparted a new charm to Miss Halliday's beauty. Mary ɒraddon… Birds of Prey A luminous body imparts vibration to the luminiferous ether. Edgar Poe As a mere flask of the golden water in the tale became a full fountain when it was poured out, so Mr Meagles seemed to feel that this small spice of Barnacle imparted to his table the flavour of the whole family-tree. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit […] there seemed to be a superabundance of happiness within her, a portion of which she desired to impart to those she loved. Mary Shelley… Lodore The windows were crowded with flowers that imparted a delicious perfume to the atmosphere. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London This constant state of mental anxiety and excitement imparted a corresponding restlessness to her body. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London When Tarzan screamed at him to desist, the young ape released the rope a little and then drew it tight again. The result was to impart a swinging motion to Tarzan's body which the ape-boy suddenly realized was a new and pleasurable form of play. Edgar ɒurroughs… Jungle Tales of Tarzan There are different kinds of otto. The cheapest is exceedingly nasty, and leaves a scent behind it something between turpentine and peppermint; it is as bad in its way as Boulogne eau-de-Cologne. The best costs about sixteen pence a bottle. This is the purest essential oil of the rose, and will impart its scent to a casket or drawer for years, even through the piece of bladder tied over it. ɛohn Frost… The panorama of nations "Well, Jane, and how are you?" asked the colonel, from his horse, staring full in her face; for she was rather good-looking, and the hurry and excitement had imparted a bloom to her cheeks. The new monthly magazine, vol. 95 From J. M.'s statement, it would appear that globules of water of different temperatures mix together without the one imparting its excess of caloric to the other, which is contrary to the experience of every one. ɛohn Loudon… The magazine of natural history […] motion in a body is known to be capable of being imparted to another body contiguous to it. ɛohn Mill… A System of Logic 2. Obsolete acceptation: to give a share of (something) to each of a number of persons; to distribute. 3. (As a subject: a person) to make known; to communicate the knowledge of. Synonyms: to relate, tell, communicate, declare. For that matter," he continued, dropping his voice, like one who imparts an important secret, "I am not without hopes of persuading Ishmael to let me dissect it." -)With the preposition TO + noun of the person: Later in the day, at the door of the silversmith's, Cousin Egbert hailed the pressman I had met on the evening of my arrival, and insisted that I impart to him the details of my venture. Harry Wilson… Ruggles of Red Gap A man, as soon as he feels an inclination for one of the other sex, seeks for a friend of his own to whom he may impart the delightful intelligence. William Thackeray… The Virginians It was in the unrestrained intercourse of family conversation that I chanced to impart to my father the sentiments which my dear girl had uttered. William Thackeray… The Virginians I am glad you have imparted this secret to me. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London […] a secret which, for her father's sake, Eudocia dared not impart to her beloved Honora. Zara Wentworth… The force of bigotry He had, from the earliest years at which the boy was susceptible of instruction, labored to impart to him the knowledge […] and general mental ability he himself had acquired. Robert Douglas… Adventures of a medical student Intransitively: to give a part or share. English words derived from IMPART: imparted, imparting, impartment, impartation, imparter, impartable. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin pars, see REPARTITION. _improve_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: ɪmpruːv. Etymology: from Anglo-French emprouer (= to invest profitably), which is analysed into en- + prou (= profit), and this one from Latin pro- found in prodesse (= to be useful). Preterite tense: improved (ɪmˈpruːvd); preterite participle: improved. Present participle: improving. Transitively: 1. To cause (a thing) to profit. Particularly: a. To cause (a waste land) to profit, by enclosing it and cultivating it. Hence, to make (land) more valuable by erection of buildings, or by installing utilities, such as gas, sewer, aqueduct, etc. […] I have erected a comfortable dwelling, and other necessary houses, and improved my land to such a state, that I believe it will yield me from four to eight barrels to the acre in a tolerable season, and under fair circumstances. The Farmer's Register, Vol. 3 When I first resolved to improve my land from the farm-yard, I began with the plan recommended by Cobbett, in his work on gardening — which is, to place layers of different manures, and loam, alternately, on each other. The Farmer's Register, Vol. 1 My object and effort has been to improve my land, and get it in cultivation as fast as I cleared it. Edmund Ruffin… The Farmers' Register b. To cause (a space) to profit by occupying it; --it is a rare americanism. c. To avail oneself of (an occurrence, occasion, opportunity, etc.) by behaving pursuantly to it; --it is rare, except when the object is the word opportunity. […] the vigilant citizens improved the opportunity of the night; and the return of day discovered a new wall of six feet in height, rising every moment to fill up the interval of the breach. Edward Gibbon… The Roman Empire […] the stratagem succeeded, and, while bruin again stopped to examine it, the fugitive, improving the interval, made considerable progress a-head. William Scoresby… Journal of a Voyage… […] he improved the occasion to show off one of his eccentricities. The Knickerbocker, vol. 23 -)With into + noun, by which the beneficial effect is designated. […] the success of the Romans, if Julian had survived, might have been improved into a decisive and useful victory. Edward Gibbon… The Roman Empire That power which he might have improved into tyranny, he used as means of promoting their wealth and grandeur. Oliver Goldsmith… The Grecian History 2. To make greater in amount; to augment; --it is obsolete. The revenue of Egypt is said to have amounted to twelve thousand five hundred talents; a sum equivalent to more than two millions and a half of our money, but which was afterwards considerably improved by the more exact economy of the Romans, and the increase of the trade of Aethiopia and India. Edward Gibbon… The Roman Empire He commenced life as a pedlar with a few shillings, which he improved into a considerable sum, and became a shopkeeper. Richard Ryan… Biographia Hibernica 3. To cause (something or someone) to become better; to augment the profitableness of; to make better; to advance to a better quality. Antonyms: to impair, damage. Synonyms: to better, ameliorate. Translation: améliorer, in French; mejorar, in Spanish; migliorare, in Italian. […] their natural strength was soon improved by art and military skill. Edward Gibbon… The Roman Empire The facility and power of retention, as well as the readiness and fidelity of recollection, are naturally very great in some individuals; but, however weak these qualities are in others, they may always, to a certain extent, be improved by exercise. Claude Marcel… Language as a means… He seemed to like me too, as much better as I did him, now that he saw me dressed in my own clothes; which, certainly, improved my appearance a good deal. Anne Marsh-Caldwell… Mount Sorel -)Reflexively (rarely found): I improved myself in this time in all the mechanic exercises. Daniel Defoe… Robinson Crusoe I became fond of study, and zealous to improve myself. Washington Irving… Tales of a traveller Mamma is much pleased that I have been able to improve myself a little in music and drawing. Mary Howitt… A treasury of old favourite tales -)-)With into + noun: to convert or make into something better. This hope was gradually improved into certainty. The Repository of arts, literature… The western isle might be improved into a valuable possession. Edward Gibbon… The Roman Empire He invented an electrometer, which he afterward improved into a convenient portable instrument, of great utility in his meteorological observations. Ralph Griffiths… The Monthly Review This observation is of great importance, and, if we mistake not, might he improved into a collateral proof of what our author advances concerning the origin of letters. The European Magazine Intransitively: 1. To make an improvement or improvements on something or someone; --with the preposition on or upon, followed by a noun. I have not mentioned Mrs. Brideoake hitherto, though I saw her daily, of course, for I cannot say that I liked her, nor that she improved upon acquaintance. William ɑinsworth… Mervyn Clitheroe Evelyn instantly improved upon his proposition by suggesting that a series of tableaux from the Corsair might be successively represented, illustrative of the whole poem, and that the passages from which they were taken might be read aloud as the curtain rose. ɑnna Mowatt… Evelyn Now, this old tailor had shown me the pattern, after which he intended to make my pantaloons; but I improved upon it, and bade him have a slit on the outside of each leg, at the foot, to button up with a row of six brass bell buttons. Herman Melville… Redburn I don't deny that Amelia is a good little girl, but her looks could be improved on. Mary Freeman… The Copy-Cat and Other Stories The first edition was improved on, in one subsequently printed at Rotterdam in 1717, which was also ornamented with figures from two MSS. ɛohn Dunlop… History of Roman Literature…. Philip is excessively improved upon his violoncello; he really plays charmingly. Anne Marsh- Caldwell… Castle ɑvon 2. To become improved or better than it was; to show improvement; to increase in profitableness. Cowslip wine improves by keeping in the wood. William Roberts… The British Wine Maker If wine improves by keeping, much more do books. Augustus Hare… Guesses at Truth, vol. II On the 9th we got beyond the wind, which blows along the coast from the northward, and our weather improved, exchanging fog, rain, mist, and contrary winds, for clear weather, and winds from the southwest. Charles Wilkes… Narrative of the United States Some time after, she found out, that the girl's figure, at least, began to improve into real beauty, her stupidity into a very puzzling quickness, and her manner into a still more amazing self-command and importance. ɛohn ɒanim… The Denounced Words derived from improve: improvement, improver, improvable, improvability, improvably, improvableness, improving, improvingly. _indisposed_ Participial adjective. Pronunciation and accent: ɪndɪspəʊzd. Etymology: from IN- (negative prefix) + DISPOSED participial adjective of DISPOSE, from Old French disposer, modification of Latin disponere (= to set in order, arrange), from dis- + ponere (= to put, place.) 1. Obsolete acceptation: (of two or more things) not disposed; not suitably placed; not ordered; disordered. 2. Obsolete acceptation: (of a person) not adapted to (or for) something. 3. (Of a person) having indisposition; disordered in his health. Often: somewhat sick. Translation: indisposé, in French; indispuesto, in Spanish; indisposto, in Italian. Synonyms: sick; ill; in ill health. "I am unable to say, my Lord; I have not seen her; she has, however, been slightly indisposed of late." Charles Lever… Sir Brook Fossbrooke She felt unable to sing, play, or speak, and, sending an excuse that she was indisposed, desired that her attendance might be dispensed with for that morning. Fanny ɒurney… The Wanderer -)With the preposition WITH + noun of the illness: I was lying down when your letter was sent, having been much indisposed with a sore throat. David Garrick… His private correspondence […] he was much indisposed with a low fever. ɛames ɒoyle… Medico-historical Account 4. (Of a person) having no disposition to do something; being in no mood for something. Synonyms: averse, unwilling. -)With preposition TO + noun or infinitive: Some words [… occurred] after his departure, between the bailiff, who piqued himself on being a little of a bully, and Harry Wakefield, who, with generous inconsistency, was now not indisposed to begin a new combat in defence of Robin Oig's reputation. Walter Scott… The Talisman The troops were ready for war, but indisposed to mutiny. Edmund ɒurke… The Works I seated myself by the water-side, and, feeling indisposed to read, leaned my cheek upon my hand. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Devereux, Book I. It is not like a regular transaction. It cannot even appear in my books. It depends entirely upon your honour, and if you should—mark, I only say if you should— when I have done what is necessary, be indisposed to pay me, I should be utterly unable to compel you to do so. Henry Cockton… Adventures of Vale It would not be worth inquiring: by what caprice the author was induced to throw the incident of the Bruce's heart entirely out of the story, save merely to say, that he found himself unable to fill up the canvass he had sketched, and indisposed to prosecute the management of the supernatural machinery with which his plan, when it was first rough-hewn, was connected and combined. Walter Scott… The Abbot I am indisposed to matrimony in general. ɛames Cooper… The Prairie Dean Swift, by the very constitution of his mind, [,,,] was always indisposed to this mode of correspondence. Thomas de Quincey… Biographical Essays -)-)With FOR + noun: They met next day like a couple emerging from sirocco deserts, indisposed for conversation or even short companionship, much of the night's dry turmoil in their heads. George Meredith… The Amazing Marriage As these thoughts rapidly succeeded each other in her mind, she was listlessly employed in tracing figures on the edge of the ivory, on which she was sketching a lovely head of Guido; and indisposed for mirth as her brother felt at that moment, he could not repress a smile, as he remarked the unusually thoughtful air of his sister. Zara Wentworth… The force of bigotry 5. Rarely found: (of a thing) having no disposition or aptitude for something, or to do something; not liable. The saturated marine solution is indisposed to crystallize. Journal of Natural Philosophy The mineral, thus ground and calcined, was found to be just as difficult of solution as in its crude state; with this additional disadvantage, that the undissolved fine particles are indisposed to settle from the liquor. The Philosophical Transactions […] an ingenuousness that was singularly indisposed to have recourse to sophism to maintain an argument. ɛames Cooper… The Deerslayer 6. Rarely found: (of a person) not of friendly disposition; unfriendly; unfavourable. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin ponere, see the verb REPOSE. _indivertible_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: ɪndɪv ːtɪb(ə)l. Etymology: analysed into in- (prefix implying negation or privation) + DIVERTIBLE (able or liable to be diverted), from DIVERT, which verb is analysable into di- (prefix implying distance) + vertere (= to turn). Definition: a. (Of a thing) not divertible; not to be diverted (or deflected, turned aside, etc.). b. (Of an action, etc.) not to be diverted from continuation, perseverance, etc. Translation: che non può essere deviato, in Italian; qui ne peut pas être dévié, in French; que no puede ser desviado, in Spanish. Synonyms: undeflectable, undeviable. Antonyms: divertible, deflectable, deviable. With a diligence untiring, she investigates the cause of the disease; with indivertible patience and magnetic certainty, she watches its symptoms. The Eclectic Medical Journal, vol. 16 Word derived from indivertible: indivertibly (adv.). Words derived from Latin vertere, see INTROVERT in this work. _inferrible_, _inferable_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: ɪnf ːrɪb(ə)l, -əb(ə)l. Etymology: derived from the verb INFER, with the suffix –able. Definition: (of a conclusion, a reasoning, an inference, a deduction, etc.) that may be inferred; this is, that may be deducible from (a principle, an evidence, a premise, etc.) Translation: deducible, in Spanish; inferibile, in Italian; qui peut être inféré, in French. The conquest of this part of Asia by the Tartars was effected about 150 years before our era, and it seems to be hence inferrible that the mines must have been worked prior to that period. William ɛacob… Inquiry into the production… -)With the preposition from, before a noun or a noun clause significative of the principle, evidence, premise, etc.: If the climate of New York was at that period so mild, as to induce the colonists to believe they could successfully cultivate the olive, as an article of commerce, as would seem to be inferrible from what our author says on that subject, it would appear as if some change had taken place. The North American review, vol. 54 That this process is promoted by the medicine, is inferrible from the obvious loss of flesh which takes place during the existence of mercurialism, amounting not unfrequently to great emaciation. George Wood… A treatise on therapeutics… It […] remains to ascertain whether such a quantity has been produced, and this can only be inferrible from a general calculation. Henry Schultes… Reflections… The population of the United State in 1840, is rated at 17 millions. What it will be a hundred years hence, it is not easy to calculate. What it may be, however, is inferrible from the fact that our territory is immensely extensive […] The Knickerbocker, vol. 2 […] I think such intention should be inferrible from the proclamation. The works of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 4 I do not know whether it be inferrible directly from the paper, but I think it may indirectly be concluded from it, that if an administration could be formed in France, […] we ought to enter into amity, possibly into an alliance, with that power. The works… of Edmund Burke Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of Latin ferre: ablate, ablation, ablatitious, ablatival, ablative, afferent, allative, circumference (noun, verb), circumferential, circumferentially, circumferentor, confer, conferee, conference (noun, verb), conferencier, conferential, defer, deference, deferent, deferentia l, deferentiality, deferentially, deferment, deferral, deferred, deferrer, deferring, delate, delated, delating, delation, delator, differ, different, difference (noun, verb), differenced, differencing, differencingly, different, differentiability, differentiable, differentia l, differentialize, differentially, differentiant, differentiate, differentiated, differentiating, differentiator, differentiation, differentiator, differently, differentness, differing, dilatory, dilatoriness, dilatorily, efferent, efferential, elate (verb, adj.), elated, elatedly, elatedness, elatement, elative, elation, feracious, feracity, fertile, fertilely, fertilness, fertility, fertilizable, fertilization, fertilize, fertilized, fertilizing, fertilizer, illation, illative, illatively, infer, inferably, inference, inferential, inferentially, lative, legisla tor, legislatorship, legislatorial, legislatorially, legislatress, legislatrix, legislature, legislate, legislated, legislating, legislation, legislational, legislative, legislatively, oblate, offer (noun, verb), offerable, offered, offeree, offerer, offering, perlative, pestiferous, pestiferously, pestiferousness, prefer, preferability, preferable, preferableness, preferably, preferee, preference, preferent, preferential, preferentialism, preferentialist, preferentially, preferentiate, preferment, preferred, preferredness, preferrer, preferring, prelate, prelatehood, prelately, prelateship, prelatess, prelatial, prelatic, prelatical, prelatically, prelaticalness, prolate, prolately, prolateness, prolation, prolative, prolatively, refer, referring, referability, referable, referee (noun, verb), refereed, refereeing, reference (noun, verb), referenced, referencing, referencer, referend, referendarial, referendary, referendaryship, referendum, referent, referentia l, referentially, referentiality, referently, referral, referrible, referribleness, relate (noun, verb), relatable, relatability, related, relatedness, relater, relation (noun, verb), relationa l, relationality, relationally, relationary, relationism, relationist, relationless, relations hip, relatival, relative, relatively, relativism, relativist, relativistic, relativist ically, relativity, relativization, relativize, relativized, relator, suffer, sufferable, sufferably, suffered, sufferer, suffering, sufferingly, superlative, superlatively, superlativeness, transfer (noun, verb), transferred, transferable, transferability, transferee, transference, transferentia l, transferer, transferor, transferrable, transferrableness, transferral, transferrer, transferring, translate, translatable, translatability, translatableness, translated, translating, translatio n, translational, translationally, translationese, translative, translator, translators hip, translatorese, translatory, translatress, translatrix, vociferate, vociferated, vociferating, vociferation, vociferative, vociferator, vociferous, vociferously, vociferousness, untranslated, untranslatable, untranslatableness, untranslatably, untranslatability, intranslatable, untransferred, untransferrable, untransferable, intransferab le, intransferrible, unsuffered, unsuffering, unsufferably, unsufferable, unsufferableness, insufferable, insufferableness, insufferably, unrelated, unrelatedness, unrelatab le, unrelating, unrelational, unrelative, unrelatively, undifferenced, undifferenc ing, indifference, indifferency, indifferent, indifferential, indifferentiated, indifferentis m, indifferentist, indifferently, indifferentness, infertile, infertilely, infertileness, infertility, unfertile, unfertileness, unfertility, unfertilized, inferribility, unpreferred, undilator y, correlate (noun, verb), correlated, correlation, correlational, correlative, correlative ly, correlativeness, correlativity, disrelate, disrelated, intercorrelate, intercorrela tio n intercorrelational, interrelate, interrelated, interrelatedness, interrelatio n, interrelationship, irrelate, irrelated, irrelation, unindifferent, unindifference. irrelative, irrelatively, irrelativeness, _ingratiate_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: ɪngreɪʃɪeɪt. Etymology: it is analysed into in- + Latin gratia (= favor), from gratus (= pleasing.) Preterite tense: ingratiated; preterite participle: ingratiated. Present participle: ingratiating. Transitively: 1. To render (a person) agreeable to another; to cause to be in favor with someone; --it is obsolete, except in reflexive construction. -)Reflexively: to gain ingratiation, grace or favour with; to render oneself agreeable to; followed by preposition WITH (or, rarely, TO) + noun of the person whose favor is gained. Translation: gagner la faveur de quelqu’un, in French; congraciarse, in Spanish; ingraziarsi, in Italian. […] all his care was to provoke no more enemies, and to ingratiate himself to as many of those who he perceived were like to be able to protect him. Edward Clarendon… Wars in England In the summer we had another club which met at the Red House in Battersea fields, nearly opposite Ranelagh, a retired and pretty spot. It was kept by an aged pair named Burt, having one daughter called Sally, about nineteen, and very pretty, with whom I speedily ingratiated myself. ɑlfred Spencer… Memoirs of William Hickey, vol. I The supper consisted of bacon, poached eggs, buck-wheat cakes, savoury preserves, and delicious honey. The landlord's wife waited on us, and several pretty curly-headed children gambolled about the room. I took one of them upon my knee, and soon ingratiated myself with her by means of a slice of buck-wheat cake, spread with honey. Lindon Meadows… Whittlings from the West -)-)With pleonastic extensions: […] the opportunity of ingratiating myself in the esteem of his daughter . Bentley's Miscellany, vol. IX When this was known here, all the principal people of both sexes endeavoured to ingratiate themselves into our favour by bringing us hogs, fruit, and every other thing the island afforded, in order to obtain these valuable jewels. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels 2. To make (a thing) pleasant or agreeable (to or with); --it is obsolete. Words derived from ingratiate: ingratiation, ingratiatory, ingratiating, ingratiatingly (adv.: in a ingratiating manner.) To learn or remember other words derived from Latin gratus, see GRATUITOUS. _instead_ Adverb. Pronunciation and accent: ɪnst d. Etymology: it is analysed into IN + STEAD. Definition: as a substitute for the thing designated or mentioned; in its stead. He raised his head expecting to see one of his deserted companions come in search of him, but was surprised to discover instead a large black dog on the opposite side of the brook. Cousin Carrie… Cloudy Skies I had almost expected to meet the boyish face and figure of the picture; I saw instead a man comely and tall. The Complete Works of Louisa May Alcott -)Instead of (prepositional phrase): in place of; in lieu of; for, in substitution for. I saw, also, among these people a hen without feathers, but bigger than a camel; instead of flesh and bone she had iron and brick. Edgar Poe Having completed them to my satisfaction, I again looked toward the timepiece, and was half inclined to believe in the possibility of odd accidents when I found that, instead of my ordinary fifteen or twenty minutes, I had been dozing only three. Edgar Poe Instead of going out therefore […], it occurred to me that I could not do a wiser thing than just eat a mouthful of supper and go immediately to bed. Edgar Poe In returning, instead of taking the direct road, I came round by Bonnytown. ɛohn Galt… Lawrie Todd -)-) Instead of is found used in elliptical constructions, before an adverb, preposition, adjective, or phrase. "I suppose," said I, "you missed the spot, in the first attempt at digging, through Jupiter's stupidity in letting the bug fall through the right instead of through the left eye of the skull." Edgar Poe If a ring, projecting downwards is fixed to the under plates, then the bottom of the machine will rub on a film of air, instead of on water, and thus the friction will be diminished. The Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 34 […] a kind of demi-savage, with a feather in his hand, instead of on his head. The complete works of Washington Irving […] boxes or glasses are placed on top of the main hive, with the idle hope that the bee will reverse its usual course, and work up, instead of down. The Western Farmer and Gardener M. Chenier traces the faults of the poem to its having been composed in Petersburg, instead of in Paris. ɛohn Scott… Sketches of Manners But it seems more probable, that the wood mentioned in the M. S. was contiguous to the town, instead of in it. ɛohn ɒritton… The beauties of England and Wales […] there is this difference, that if the total sum were spent in Ireland instead of out of it, her trade would obtain all the profit on its expenditure. George ɒrowning… Great Britain _instill_, _instil_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: ɪnstɪl. Etymology: from Latin instillāre (= to put in by drops), from in- (in-2) + stillāre (= to drop); from stilla (= a drop.) Preterite tense: instilled. Preterite participle : instilled. Present participle: instilling. Transitively: 1. To introduce drop by drop; to put in by instillation. Translation: instiller, in French; instilar, in Spanish; instillare, in Italian. Much relief is obtained by instilling two or three drops of castor, or of olive oil between the lids. ɛames Moore… The Diseases of Dogs […] when the naked hand comes in contact with these spines they inflict in the skin a very minute puncture, which were it not for the secretion instilled into it, would not be felt. The Visitor 2. Metaphorically: to cause (a doctrine, notion, learning, etc.) to enter little by little into the mind of someone. Hence, to excite gradually (a feeling, quality, etc.) as if introducing its principle into a person. Synonyms: impart, inculcate, insinuate. […] Markham was reserved and melancholy. It was in vain that Isabella exerted herself to instil confidence into his mind, by means of those thousand little attentions and manifestations of preference which lovers know so well how to exhibit, but which those around perceive not. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London Other English words derived from Latin stilla: still (= distil), distil, stillage, stillatitious, stillatitiously, stillatory, distil, distillable, distillage, distillate, distillation, distillatory, distiller, distillery, distilling, distilment. English words derived from instil: instillation, instillator, instillatory, instiller. _intemperance_ Noun. Pronunciation and accent: ɪnt mpərəns. Plural: intemperances. Etymology: from French intemperance, and this one from Latin intemperāntia, which is analysed into in- (in-3) + temperāntia (= temperance), from present participle of temperare (= to temper, regulate). 1. Excessive quality of air or climate; intemperateness; --it is now archaic. We have now run through the summer, and although the weather is still warm, the fiercest of the heat is over. And although the extreme intemperance of the late season has weakened and exhausted me much, yet I think, upon the whole, I have got through it as well as upon any former occasion. Familiar Letters of John Adams The climate is perhaps the best in the world, neither cold nor heat being ever felt here to any intolerable degree. The people accordingly live to great ages, and have hardly any diseases except such as proceed from intemperance of some kind. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels 2. Want of temperance or temperateness; quality of not being temperate; want of moderation; state of being intemperate. Translation: intempérance, in French; intemperancia, in Spanish; intemperanza, in Italian. Antonyms: temperance, moderation, restraint. Synonyms: unrestraint, intemperateness, immoderation. […] for an intemperance of language which he has ever since regretted. Anne Marsh-Caldwell… Mount Sorel The intemperance of the feast was artfully protracted till a very late hour of the night. Edward Gibbon… The History… of the Roman Empire In the midst of noise and brutal intemperance, Lupicinus was informed, by a secret messenger, that many of his soldiers were slain, and despoiled of their arms. Edward Gibbon… The History… of the Roman Empire Before retiring for the night, Mary sought her brother's room with the intention of expostulating with him on the rudeness and intemperance which he had shown towards one who, however awkward in his manner, had evidently been acting honestly. Caroline Norton… The wife, and Woman’s reward 3. In plural: intemperate acts; excesses. […] smoking always and drinking coffee to excess, occasionally getting drunk, besides other intemperances. R. Claridge… A guide down the Danube 4. Particularly: habitual immoderation in the use of intoxicating drink. Our readers must not suppose that intemperance in drinking was habitual with Arthur Macon. Maria Mcintosh… Conquest and self-conquest English words derived from Latin temperare: inˈtemperable, inˈtemperably, intemperate, inˈtemperately, inˈtemperateness, temperament, temper, temperamental, temperamentally, temperance, temperate, temperately, temperateness, temperature, tempered, tempering, temperish, temperless, tempersome, untempered, _interject_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: ɪntədʒ kt. Etymology: from Latin interjectus, past participle of interjicere (= to interject, to throw between), from inter (= between) + jacere (= to throw). Preterite tense: interjected. Preterite participle : interjected. Present participle: interjecting. Transitively: 1. To throw (something) between; to interpose abruptly. Translation: interjecter, in French; interponer, in Spanish; interporre, in Italian. Synonyms: to insert, interpolate. Under these statutes, they were entitled to narrow or widen the channel as they thought proper. At first they chose the former course, and a considerable strip of ground was in consequence interjected between the old and the new water line. The Scottish Jurist Each of the interjections used commences a sentence, and is not interjected between its parts. The British Friend, vol. 9 2. Particularly: to say parenthetically; to utter, as an interjection or comment. "Bah!'' interjected Bob. Robert Douglas… Adventures of a medical student "Wonderful woman! " interjected the young barrister. Henry Wood… The Argosy, vol. 33 These latter are listening attentively to the conversation going on about them, and anon interjecting some childish observation... ɑllan Pinkerton… The Spy of the Rebellion Words derived from the verb INTERJECT: interjection, interjectionally, interjectional, interjectionalize, interjectionary, interjector, interjectory, interjectorily, interjectural. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin jacere, see TRAJECT. _intestate_ Adjective and noun. Pronunciation and accent: ɪnt stət. Etymology: from Latin intestatus, f. in- (negative prefix) + testatus, preterite participle of testari (= to to make a will). 1. Of a person: not having made a will. 2. Of a thing: not disposed of by will; belonging to an intestate. As a noun: one person who dies intestate. Our late father always intended the ready money, of which he could dispose, to come to me, because the estates were entailed upon my brother. But my father died suddenly, and intestate. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London No marriage settlement had ever existed, his father died intestate, and he, under the rule of primogeniture, which then prevailed in Virginia, was the sole heir. ɛames Hall… Harpe's Head But yet no will was found, and Dirdumwhamle was on the point of declaring that the deceased having died intestate, his wife, her daughter, succeeded, of course, to all she had left. ɛohn Galt… The Entail To learn or remember other words derived from testari, see DETEST. Word derived from INTESTATE: intestacy. _introvert_ Transitive verb. Pronunciation and accent: IntrəUv3;t. Etymology: it is analysable into these Latin elements: intro- (prefix with semantic implication of “to the inside”) vertere (= to turn). Preterite tense, preterite participle: introverted. Present participle: introverting. 1. To cause (the part of a living body) to turn inwards upon itself; this is, to cause introversion in (a living part); to make bent inwards. Translation: hacer (una parte del cuerpo) plegarse hacia dentro de sí, in Spanish; faire changer la direction de (une partie du corps) vers l’intérieur de soi, in French; introvertere, in Italian. Antonym: extrovert. The grooved dorsal callosity appears in the beginning of the series, and gradually increases in size, and detrudes so that the groove shows on the exterior, but just before maturity it is either filled or introverted into the deltidial cavity. Charles ɒeecher… Studies in evolution The apex of this species is peculiar, being introverted as it were, and partly enveloped by the succeeding whorl. George Tryon… Manual of Conchology 2. To keep (one’s thought, feeling, etc.) from being expressed, as if by directing or repressing it within oneself. Antonyms: to express, signify, manifest. Translation: ser introvertido con respecto a (un sentimiento, etc.), in Spanish; être introverti à l’égard de (un sentiment, etc.), in French; essere introverso rispetto a (un sentimento, etc.), in Italian. His thought was ever introverted; his attention occupied by that within him, not by things without. ɛohn ɒerryman… History of the Bench and Bar… These impulses, […] were repressed, or perhaps better said, were introverted. Elizabeth Reis… American Sexual Histories A little over one year of undesired solitude had introverted his thoughts and feelings. C. ɑ. Gagnon… Feravale Other English words composed with, or derived from, stems of Latin vertere: advert, adversarial, adversarious, adversary, adversative, adversatively, adverse, adversely, adversity, advertence, advertency, advertise, advertised, advertisee, advertisement, advertisemental, advertiser, advertising, advertorial, anniversar y, anniversarily, antevert, anteversion, anteverted, anteverting, avert, averted, avertedly, averter, avertible, aversion, aversionist, averseness, aversely, averse, contraversio n, controversy, controversial, controversialism, controversialist, controversialize, controversially, controversialness, controversional, controversionalism, controversio n, controversionalist, controvert, controverted, controverter, controvertible, controvertib ly, controverting, controvertist, convert, conversable, conversableness, conversably, conversance, conversancy, conversant, conversation, conversationable, conversatio na l, conversationalist, conversationally, conversationist, conversationize, conversative, converse (noun, verb, adj.), conversely, converser, conversibility, conversib le, conversing, conversion, conversive, converted, converter, convertibility, convertib le, convertibleness, convertibly, converting, convertingness, dextrorse, dextrorsal, divert, divers, diverse, diversely, diverseness, diversifiable, diversifiability, diversificatio n, diversified, diversifier, diversiform, diversify, diversifying, diversion, diversionar y, diversionist, diversitude, diversity, diversly, divert, diverted, diverter, divertib le, divertibility, diverticular, diverticulate, diverticulated, diverting, diverticulum, divertingly, divertingness, divertisement, divertissement, divertive, evert, eversible, eversion, eversive, evertebral, evertebrate (noun, adj., verb), everted, everting, evertor, extroversion, extrovert (verb, noun, adj.), extroverted, extrovertish, introrse, introrsely, introrsal, invert (noun, verb, adj.), invertor, inverting, inversatile, inverse (noun, adj., verb), inversed, inversedly, inversely, inversion, inversive, inversor, inverting, invertebracy, invertebral, invertebrata, invertebrate, invertebrateness, invertebrated, inverted, invertedly, invertend, inverter, invertible, invertibility, invertile, invertor, malversate, malversation, obvert, obverted, obversion, obversely, obverse, obvertend, pervert (noun, verb), perverse, perversely, perverseness, perversion, perversity, perversive, perverting, perverted, pervertedly, pervertedness, perverter, pervertible, pervertibility, pervertibly, pervertive, prose (noun, verb), proser, prosaic, prosaical, prosaically, prosaicalness, prosaicism, prosaicness, prosaism, prosaist, quaquaversal, quaquaversally, retroversion, retroverse, retrovert (noun, verb), retroverted, revert (noun, verb), revertant, reverted, reverter, revertibility, revertible, reverting, reversal, reverse (noun, adj., adv., verb), reversed, reversedly, reverseful, reverseless, reversely, reversement, reverser, reverseways, reversewise, reversibility, reversible, reversibly, reversify, reversing, reversion, reversional, reversionally, reversionary, reversioner, reversionist, sinistrorse, sinistrorsal, sinistrorsally, subvert, subvertebral, subverted, subverter, subverting, subversal, subverse, subversion, subversionary, subversionist, subversive, suzerain, suzerainship, suzerainty, tergiversate, tergiversated, tergiversating, tergiversant, tergiversation, tergiversator, tergiverse (verb, adj.), tergiversing, transverse (noun, adv., prep., verb), transversed, transversely, transverseness, transversion, universe, universeful, universitarian, universitarianism, universitary, university, universa l, universalian, universalism, universalist, universalistic, universality, universalizab le, universalizability, universalizably, universalization, universalize, universa lly, universalness, universary, versatile, versatilely, versatileness, versatility, verse (noun, verb), versing, versed, verseless, verselet, versemaker, verser, versical, versicolo ur, versicoloured, versicolouredness, versifiable, versification, versificator, versified, versifier, versify, versifying, versing, version (noun, verb), versional, versioner, versionist, versionize, versute, versutely, versuteness, vert (noun, verb), vertebra, vertebral, vertebrally, vertebrate (verb, noun, adj.), vertebrated, vertebration, vertex, vertical, verticality, verticalize, verticalized, verticalization, verticalizing, vertically, versus, vertigo, vertiginate, vertiginosity, vertiginous, vertiginously, vertiginousness, ambiversion, ambivert, ambiverted, animadversion, animadvert, animadver t er, animadverting, dextroversion, interconversion, interconvert, interconvertib le, interconvertibility, interconvertibly, reconversion, reconvert (noun, verb), reconverted, reconvertible, inconvertible, inconvertibility, inconvertibleness, inconvertib ly, inconversibility, inconversant, incontrovertible, incontrovertibility, incontrovertibleness, incontrovertibly, indivertible, indivertibly, insubvertible, interconvertib le, interconvertibility, interconvertibly, uncontrovertible, uncontrovertibly, uncontrove rted, uncontrovertedly, uncontroversial, unconversable, unconversableness, unconversa nt, unconversing, unconversion, unconvert, unconverted, unconvertible, unconvertibility, traverse (noun, verb, adj.), traversed, traversely, traverser, traversing, multive rse, multiversity, renversement, retraverse, introversion, introvertive, introvers ive, introversible, introversibility. _intrude_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: Intru;d. Etymology: it is analysable into in- (prefix with semantic implication of “into” or “in”) and trudere (= to thrust). Third-person singular simple present: she/he intrudes. Preterite tense, preterite participle: intruded. Present participle: intruding. Transitively: 1. To force (a body, a substance, etc.) into another, by or as if by thrusting it; --this acceptation is unusal. At first sight it might appear as if air had intruded itself between the separated surfaces of the ice, and to test this point I placed a cylinder two inches long and an inch wide upright in a copper vessel which was filled with ice-cold water. John Tyndall… The Glaciers of the Alps 2. (Of rock, earth, and other bodies treated in Geology) to appear in a stratum, layer, etc., as if forced or thrust there. The trappean rocks first studied in the north of Germany, and in Norway, France, Scotland, and other countries, were either such as had been formed entirely under deep water, or had been injected into fissures and intruded between strata. Charles Lyell… Elements of Geology 3. To cause (someone or something) to be intrusively in a place, without leave, or with the effect of unwelcomeness. Translation: introducir en un lugar privado sin permiso, in Spanish; intrudere, in Italian; introduire dans un lieu sans permission, in French. Antonyms: to detrude, extrude. I opened her thighs, and intruding my finger, found that the little [… woman] had wetted her cunt well inside. Walter… My secret life In consequence of these reiterated efforts to break her chains, the rigour of Mary's imprisonment was increased, and the vigilance of her keepers redoubled. Her bedchamber was […] violated by the presence and espionage of the daughters of Lady Douglas of Lochleven, who were intruded in turn within the confined circuit of that apartment every night. ɑgnes Strickland… The Lives of the Queens of Scotland “He was a man of plethoric habit,” said a consumptive gentleman, who now intruded his ghostly form between the last two speakers. ɛames Hall… Legends of the West -)With the preposition on + noun of the place or the local situation: […] the drowsy female sentinels, who had been intruded on her nocturnal privacy, slumbered on their posts. ɑgnes Strickland… The Lives of the Queens of Scotland -)-)With the preposition into + a noun of the place: " Mr. Joseph!" said the rubicund butler, slowly intruding his portly person into the breakfast-room, "my master has asked for you twice. Catherine Frances… Mothers and daughters I thought it was he when you intruded your impudent face into the door. Isaac Scribner… Laconia -) Reflexively: […] the very idea of having intruded herself into their drawing-room, whilst they imagined her otherwise, overwhelmed her with dismay. Catherine Crowe… Susan Hopley […] who is this Chevalier Valancourt that thus intrudes himself at this table? Ann Radcliffe… The mysteries of Udolpho " Hypocrite! deceiver!" he exclaimed, "have you the audacity to intrude yourself into my presence, and to ask me, too, for money to supply your profligacy! Hannah Jones… The strangers of the Glen You will pardon me for not waiting for a formal introduction to you, before I intruded myself upon your presence. Catherine Ward… The mysteries… 4. To force (something unwanted, undesired, or unasked) on or upon someone; this is; to impose forcibly, or without leave, as if thrust. I do not wish to indrude my advice, where it is despised. Hannah Jones… The strangers of the Glen -)With the preposition on, or upon, followed by a noun, designative of the person on whom something is forced: […] he intruded his own opinions on no man. ɑrthur Malkin… The gallery of portraits No one intruded their visits on us. William Maxwell… O’Hara I am ashamed of intruding this subject on you. Mary Shelley… Lodore To see a human being in such a pitiable state, and to offer him no assistance, no consolation, was unworthy of a […] man; and yet, to intrude upon him either aid or counsel might subject me to a severe and unpleasant repulse from one who sought and desired neither. George ɛames… A book of the passions -)-)Reflexively: […] I must crave pardon of the gentle reader if I am tedious, and excuse myself by saying, that I have not willingly intruded myself upon their notice. Elizabeth Grey… De Lisle Intransitively: 1. To place oneself, or to enter, intrusively in a place, without leave, or with the effect of unwelcomeness; to enter or come where one is uninvited or unwanted. Synonym: to trespass. Translation: introducirse en un lugar privado sin permiso, in Spanish; intrudersi, in Italian; s’introduire dans un lieu sans permission, in French. Whilst in the midst of all this enjoyment, a loud knock at the door and the sound of heavy footsteps in the passage disturbed the party, and in another moment two burly, coarse-looking men entered the room and enquired for Mr. Mills; and that gentleman having exchanged a few words with them in private, upbraided them aloud for want of courtesy in intruding so rudely, and ushered them out of the room, Davy following, leaving the company in great amazement. Flit Pseud… The memoirs of Davy Dreamy […] as the epistle he essayed to compose was one [… to be achieved with] privacy and consideration, orders were strictly issued that none should intrude until his literary task had been completed. H. Maxwell… Brian O’Linn “Did you not expect me, Miss Ogilvie? Do I intrude?" Frances Moore… A year and a day -)With the preposition into, followed by the noun of the place: Though Sappy Savory had intruded more than once into the house with lying protestations […] Catherine Frances… The diamond and the pearl The person he had seen he said was evidently neither an ordinary poacher, nor any of that class of persons who might be expected to intrude into a park in so extraordinary a manner. George ɛames… My aunt Pontypool […] one who had ignorantly intruded into a scene where he was not wanted. Robert Williams… Maids of honour They were accompanied by Shah Culi Beg, and other chief Persians, who conducted them to the house of Agariza of Dabul. Though uninvited, I went there also, and intruded into their company, where I found the Persian general and other chiefs, his assistants and counsellors. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels -)-)With the preposition upon + noun of the place or the local situation: "I trust, sir, I am not intruding upon your seclusion." George ɛames… A book of the passions The place these birds chiefly choose to breed in is in some island surrounded with sedgy moors, where men seldom resort […]. ɑs soon as a stranger intrudes upon these retreats, the whole colony is up, and a hundred different screams are heard from every quarter. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the Earth… 2. To force oneself into something personal that is not open to be entered; to become obtrusive. -)With the preposition on, or upon, or into + noun of the personal thing: Colonel Montague was much overcome; the servants, with a degree of delicacy which could hardly have been expected from them, withdrew into a corner that they might not intrude upon his grief. Marianne Hudson… Almack’s I don't want to intrude upon your secrets. Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist It was impossible that so accurate an observer of men and things should have failed to discover, upon the moment, the real character of the personage who had thus intruded upon his hospitality. Edgar Poe Mansfield lowered his voice so as not to be heard by the artist, who had retired to the farther end of the room on his entrance, as if unwilling to intrude on their conversation. Forester Fitz-David… Alice Littleton We remained for a brief space in this unpleasant position, with the awkward feeling of having intruded on a gentleman's privacy without an invitation. Charles Rowcroft… Tales of the Colonies Without wishing to intrude into your affairs, or pry into your secrets […] Edward Hamley… Lady Lee’s Widowhood […] I am intruding too much on the kind condescension which has induced you so long to listen to me, and I will, with your permission, retire. Hannah ɛones… The Scottish Chieftains 3. To make oneself perceived intrusively or forcibly, as if by thrusting oneself into any of his/her senses. Synonym: to obtrude. -)With the preposition on, or upon + noun of the person who suffers the intrusion: I fear, sir, that I have intruded on you very inconveniently. Frances Trollope… Jonathan Jefferson […] no stranger intruded on me to disturb my bliss. The Lady’s magazine As I leaned over the side of the vessel, I was startled by a voice near me repeating, as if unconsciousy, the first lines of Marie […] I turned; the stranger raising his hat politely begged pardon for having intruded on me, and would have passed on. ɒentley’s miscellany, vol. 5 I had not the slightest intention of intruding upon the gentlemen in the pursuit of their avocations. George Rainsford… Thirty years since The benevolent Mrs. Weston followed Fanny to her chamber; but she had closed the door, and Mrs. Weston softly going away, would not intrude upon her, and returned to the parlour. Elizabeth Spence… How to be rid of a wife Once or twice he had wandered away into the woods, and not returned for several days, to the exceeding terror of his little household. He evidently sought loneliness […]. On such occasions, when intruded upon and disturbed, he was irritated to fury. Mary Shelley… Lodore Other English words derived from Latin trudere: detrude, detrusion, intertrude, extrude, extruder, extrudable, extrudability, extrusion, extrusive, extrusory, obtrude, obtruder, obtrusion, obtrusive, obtrusively, obtrusiveness, subtrude, intrusive, intrusive ly, intrusiveness, intrusion, intruse (adj.), intrudress, intruding, intrudingly, intruder, intruded, intertrude, protrude, protrudent, protrusible, protrusile, protrusion, protrusive, protrusively, protrusiveness. _iteration_ Noun. Plural: iterations. Pronunciation and accent: ItəreISən. Etymology: from Latin iteratio, noun of action from iterare (= to iterate), which is from iterum (= again.) Semantic-etymological identity with French itération, Italian iterazio ne and Spanish iteración. 1. The action of iterating or repeating, or the process of being iterated; repetition of an action or a process. Synonyms: reiteration; repeat; repetition. In these lofty retreats they [the monkeys] are found in such numbers, as to annoy the traveler, as well by the petulance of their motions as by the incessant iteration of their cries. Oliver Goldsmith… A History of the Earth The blushes came and went with the most exquisite iteration of modesty and shame imaginable. Virginia Wolf… Orlando [...] their transmarine possessions became expensive incumbrances, rather than sources of revenue; and through the iteration of such losses, more than by our naval victories, or colonial conquests, the house of Bourbon was vanquished by the masters of the sea. James Stephen… The Frauds of the Neutral Flags 2. The repetition of something said or written; iterated utterance. […] iteration of uncontradicted assertion. John Mill… A System of Logic […] any curious iteration of the same word. Samuel Johnson… The Adventurer and Idler […] that exquisite episode in the history of the new world, which, appealing equally to the affections and the imagination, has never lost the charm of its original loveliness and freshness, even though a thousand iterations have made it the most familiar of all our forest stories. William Simms… Captain John Smith English words derived from Latin iterare: reiteration, reiterable, reiterance, reiterant, reiterate, reiterating, reiterated, reiteratedly, reiteratedness, reiterative, reiterative ly, iterative, iterativeness, iteratively, iterated, iterate (noun), iterate (verb), iterating (noun), iterant, iterancy, iterance. _jolt_ Verb. Preterite tense, preterite participle: jolted. Present participle: jolting. Pronunciation: Ù@Ult. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Transitively: 1. The original acceptation seems to have been “to knock on or with the head; to butt with the head; to push with the elbow or other corporal part; to nudge”, which is now obsolete. 2. (The subject being a vehicle) to cause (a thing, a person or another animal carried or vehicled) to move with jolts; to displace or shake (load or rider) from one’s seat or place with an up-and-down motion, or to and fro, as a wheeled vehicle does in its locomotio n over rough way, or as a trotting horse or another animal does; to transport joltingly or with the unwished effect of successive jerks; to cause to move with a jerky motion. Synonyms: jounce, joggle, jiggle, joggle, jog. Equivalents: cahoter, in French; fare sobbalzare, in Italian; estremecer, in Spanish. […] his resolution to be jolted no longer in a hackney coach. Samuel Johnson… The Adventurer and Idler […] when we got on Yarmouth pavement, we were all too much shaken and jolted, I apprehend, to have any leisure for anything else. Charles Dickens… David Copperfield When being jolted in a two-wheeled post stage, without springs, over these villainous roads, the traveller will do well to fix beforehand the stopping places (for meals), as hostelries are few and far between. J. M. LeMoine… Chronicles… The coach hit another pothole and Pamela was jolted from the seat. She collided with John Fairchild, and his arms went around her. John Howard… Easy Company… […] the team of horses started to walk off the boat, and the driver was jolted from the seat where he was lying. West Publishing Company… The Northeastern Reporter Backward and forward,—oscillation, space,—the travels of a postilion, miles enough to circle the globe in one short stage,—we have been, and we are yet to be, jolted and rattled over the loose, misplaced stones and the treacherous hollows of this rough, ill-kept, broken-up, treacherous French causeway! Edmund Burke… The Works… […] we both stood up in the carriage (Richard holding ɑda lest she should be jolted down) and gazed round upon the open country and the starlight night for our destination. Charles Dickens… Bleak House McCoy slammed the accelerator pedal down abruptly, and I was jolted back into the seat. Russell Coile, ɛr… Murder at Pebble Beach […] he was jolted back into the seat with the motion of the carriages. Eneas Dallas… Once a Week 3. (The subject being an animal dragger) to cause (the dragged vehicled) to move with jolts. This idle conversation was suddenly interrupted. At the same moment both young men experienced a sinking sensation, as if the earth had been cut away from beneath their feet; then there was a crash, and they were violently thrown against each other; then they vaguely knew that the cab, heeling over, was being jolted along the street by a runaway horse. William ɒlack… Macleod of Dare 4. (Metaphorically) to startle, to surprise. […] the last word will jolt you. Harold Crane… Letters 5. (Abusively) to move (anything) with a jerk; to force out jerkily; to knock out. […] I was leaning partly over her, and raising one of her thighs whilst I guided my [… penis] right up her […] orifice, to have it jolted out the next instant by the roll of the carriage. Walter… My Secret Life 6. (Metaphorically) to cause to be in an abrupt state or mood; hence, abrupt; interfere with abruptly. […] he was jolted back to reality. Patrick Smith… A Land Remembered […] jolted out of the mood. Virginia Woolf Intransitively: 1. (The subject being a vehicle) to move along with a succession of jolts, as on a rough way or ground; to be a jolter; to be jerky in locomotion. Synonyms: tilt, jounce, bob, jiggle, joggle, quake, jog. Translation: cahoter, in French; sobbalzare, in Italian; estremecer, in Spanish. They got to their hotel there in an omnibus that jolted through the mud and the darkness. William ɒlack… The Beautiful Wretch It is night—a wet and dismal night—and a four-wheeled cab is jolting along through the dark and almost deserted thoroughfares of Manchester. William ɒlack… Macleod of Dare Down such steep pitches that the mare seemed to be trotting on her head, and up such steep pitches that she seemed to have a supplementary leg in her tail, the dogcart jolted and tilted back to the village. Charles Dickens… Two Idle Apprentices The coach jolts, I wake with a start. Charles Dickens… David Copperfield The omnibus, when stopping, got crammed full, and went slowly and noisily jolting on its way over a quite newly macadamized road. Walter… My Secret Life The truck jolted away, trailing a haze of cinder dust and a sour stench of garbage behind it. ɛohn Passos… Three Soldiers As a wagon wheel jolted into a hole in the creek bed, Elijah jerked awake. Nancy Dane… A long way to go The car jolted off with Robert standing in the middle of the narrow street, blocking traffic, waving his arm. Robert Parker… Ticket to Oblivion […] the wagon jolted up the slope. Ellen Glasgow 2. (The subject being a person or another animal) to ride with jolts; to be jolted. […] carts, with brick-makers and brick-makeresses jolting up and down on planks. Charles Dickens… Two Idle Apprentices […] Mr. Piper, you who are a shrewd arithmetician, did it never occur to you to calculate how many fools' heads, which might have produced an idea or two in the year, if suffered to remain in quiet, get effectually addled by jolting to and fro in these flying chariots of yours. Walter Scott… Chronicles of the Canongate I had taken a hackney-chariot and gone by the streets, I should have missed my aim; going as I did, I caught the coach just as it came out of the yard. I was the only inside passenger, jolting away knee-deep in straw, when I came to myself. Charles Dickens… Great Expectations […] when we began to jolt upon a stone pavement, and particularly when every other conveyance seemed to be running into us, and we seemed to be running into every other conveyance, I began to believe that we really were approaching the end of our journey. Very soon afterwards we stopped. Charles Dickens… Bleak House 3. (The subject being anything or a person in other circumstance than a vehicle’s jolting. Abusive acception.) to move up and down or to and fro in a jerky manner. 4. (Slang) to use a jolt of narcotic. Words derived from the verb JOLT: jolter, jolty, joltiness, jolting, joltingly, joltless, joltproof, unjolted, rejolt. _knack_ Noun. Plural: knacks. Pronunciation: næk. Etymology: of uncertain origin. It is doubted whether knack (= sharp noise) is the same word. Walter Skeat wrote that “the word seems to have been [… originated] from the knacking or snapping of the fingers made by jugglers.” 1. (Archaic acceptation) something craftily devised or contrived for obtaining a result. Hence, a dexterous method of doing something. Synonyms: trick, artifice, device, expedient. […] the gloves were produced, and my initiatory lesson in the pugilistic art commenced by Coleman's first placing me in an exceedingly uncomfortable attitude, and then very considerately knocking me out of it again, thereby depositing me with much skill and science flat upon the hearth-rug. This manouvre he repeated with great success during some half hour or so, at the end of which time I began to discover the knack with which it was done, and proceeded to demonstrate the proficiency I was making, by a well-directed blow […]. Frank Smedley… Frank Fairlegh 2. Peculiar faculty of doing something adroitly, as if it had been acquired from a juggler; aptness at doing something, comparable to jugglery in being rare. Translation: aptitud, in Spanish; attitudine, in Italian; aptitude, in French. Antonyms: ineptitude, awkwardness; disability. Synonyms: dexterity, facility, skill, faculty, aptness. -)With the preposition of, followed either by a noun or by a gerund, designative of what is easily perfomed: You have that knack of observation and that readiness with your pen which are needed. Charles Lever… Confessions in Love Her conversation was […] entertaining —her manners particularly easy: she had the happy knack of making everybody at once at home. H. Maxwell… Brian O’Linn She had the knack, partly natural, partly the result of keen observing powers, of detecting at once the mental value, […] of those with whom she came in contact. George Melville… Holmby House Since he came to town, he has, by his convivial powers, his good stories, good songs, and knack of mimicry, made himself so _famous_, that he has more invitations to dinner than he can accept. Maria Edgeworth… Tales and Novels Marianne, who had the knack of finding her way in every house to the library, however it might be avoided by the family in general, soon procured herself a book. Jane ɑusten… Sense and Sensibility [This boy] had a knack of counterfeiting other people's signatures. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Henry Dunbar He had a knack of saying as much in one page as most people did in five. Gilbert Parker… The Trespasser The rooms were never untidy then. She had a knack of making everything look its best. Rosa Carey… Only the governess You have a knack of description, I know. Laura Richards… Margaret Montfort […] that ingenious knack of forgery, for which he was expelled [from] the Dublin-University […] Samuel Richardson… Clarissa -)-)With the preposition at, followed either by a noun or by a gerund, designative of what is easily perfomed: Mr. O'Shea had a very happy knack at billiards. Charles Lever… One of Them I bought a large sheet of paper, and having a knack at drawing, sat down, with the greatest gravity, before the pump, and sketched it for several hours. William Thackeray… The Fitz-Boodle Papers -) With the preposition for, followed either by a noun or by a gerund, designative of what one has aptitude for: I have a knack for languages. ɑrthur Marchmont… By Wit of Woman The man who has a knack for the simplest electrical operations has […] opportunities […], if he will only develop this knack to its fullest possibilities. Popular Science, Sep. 1918 Because of the constant need for appearing happier than I really was, I developed a knack for saying things in an amusing, sometimes an epigrammatic, [manner]. Clifford ɒeers… A Mind That Found Itself […] Pa (I tried saying Father, but he wouldn't let me!) said the things tasted good, and I had a knack for flavouring. Laura Richards… Margaret Montfort 3. Peculiar habit or custom. Postdefinition: it is of very rare use, and maybe resulted from neglecting to semanticize the preceding one. He was not considered as a good officer, but a very troublesome one. He had a knack of twisting and moving his fingers about as he walked the deck. Frederick Marryat… Poor Jack The modestest women, ɛack, must think […]. I wonder whether they ever blush at those things by themselves, at which they have so charming a knack of blushing in company. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa 4. Small artefact dexterously contrived; knick-knack. Hence, toy, trinket, trifle. Postdefinition: it is of very rare use, and maybe archaic. Prints, pictures, all the glittering and endless succession of knacks and gewgaws, and ostentatiously displayed wares of tradesmen, which make a week-day saunter through the less busy parts of the metropolis so delightful--are shut out. Charles Lamb… The Works… […] many folding purses, and other knacks, of leather, curiously wrought in coloured silks. Robert Kerr… Collection of Voyages and Travels) Another English word derived from knack: knick-knack. _Lag_ Verb. Pronunciation: læg Etymology: of uncertain origin. The English word lag (= the last or hindmost person) is the same. Preterite tense, preterite participle: lagged. Present participle: lagging Intransitively: to move in the rear of a group who is walking, flying, riding or translocating in any manner; this is, to be comparatively retarded, as from weakness, sloth or any other cause; to stay behind the one who is leading a locomotion; to fail to keep abreast with, or to reach, one being who is walking, flying, running, or locomoting in any manner; this is, to be a lagger. Synthetic synonyms: to trail someone who is leader or preceding; retard oneself. Caution yourself against them who synonymize lag with loiter and linger. This verb to lag does not connote necessarily a loitering, but simply his relative position. Antonyms: to lead, go ahead, advance, precede. Translation: rezagarse, in Spanish; rimanere in dietro, in Italian; rester en arrière, in French. My steed, although tired, lags not as does thine. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood and Little John We were pricked with spears if we stumbled or lagged, threatened with death if we had not strength to go on. Frederick Marryat… The Privateersman He played with the children, heartened up the women; and when the men were weary, and lagged by the way, he sat him down on the nearest stones, and sang to us legends of our ancestors […], and starting up, we proceeded onward with resolution, and even gaiety. ɛane Porter… The Scottish Chiefs […] the ɒedouin ɜafilah, being lightly loaded, preceded us, and our tired camels lagged far behind. Richard ɒurton… First footsteps in East Africa They could fly very well, and now and then one followed the parent far out, calling sharply his baby "cheep" and trying to get close to her in the air. Often she turned, met and fed him on the wing, and then sailed on, while the youngster lagged a little. Olive Miller… Little Brothers of the Air […] the girl who followed her lady kept discreetly out of ear-shot, and amused herself flirting with the single page who accompanied them; and the rest of the train, consisting of grooms, falconers, and varlets, bearing the hawks and leading the sumpter-mules, lagged considerably in the rear. Henry Herbert… Wager of battle Birds lagged in their flight, flapped their wings convulsively […] John Grove… The Omnibus of Adventure […] he pulled onto the main road, another car’s light shone behind him. […] He slowed, and the follower did, too. He slowed more. The car lagged enough to be conspicuous. Dorien ɜelly… The Last Bride in Ballymuir -)With the adverb behind, the construction is rather pleonastic: Smallbones was tired out with the rapidity of the walk, and now lagged behind. The master desired him to come on. Frederick Marryat… Snarleyyow [Jefferson] tried to chase the ambulance; its sirens wailing and its red lights brightly flashing in the blackness of the country lane. But the faster the speeding vehicle went, the further and further the big town car lagged behind. B. P. Laz… A Promise Land of Plenty The camel-men lagged behind, in order to prevent my dromedary advancing too fast, and the boy's guide, after dismounting, would stride along in front of us, under pretext of showing the way. Richard Fraɒurton… Personal Narrative… […] she either ran ahead of him and prompted him, which vexed him, or she lagged so far behind that he lost the thread of what he was saying and became angry. Williams Howells… The Story of a Play The signal sounded for fireworks. Off we ran to get good places. I cared more about women than fire-works, and lagged behind, seeing the masquers and halfdressed women running and yelling. Walter… My secret life The boys now started for their homes. Dick, Walter, and Hugh walked abreast, with their arms over each other’s shoulders, rattling off small talk at a great rate. Seeing that his presence was not very desirable to his companions, Guy walked ahead in a thoughtful mood of mind. The others lagged behind, so that when Guy arrived at the turn of the road leading to his own home, he found himself several rods in advance of the rest. Francis Forrester… Guy Carlton Many of the men, however, were so enfeebled that they could not keep up with the main body, but lagged at intervals behind; and some of them did not arrive at the night encampment. Washington Irving (Astoria) -) With the preposition behind, or after (before a noun or a pronoun designative of the preceder or leader): The poor were out in their poor best, and the children strayed along the streets without playing, or lagged homeward behind their parents. William Dean Howells (London Films) The heat was very great; so we took our time, and lagged behind the guide, though he carried our knapsacks. He was a quiet-looking elderly mountaineer, who appeared to walk very slowly; but his progress was great compared with ours, from the uniformity and continuity of his pace. Harriet Martineau in The People’s journal, v. 2 As he was about to turn his horse’s head to pursue his journey, Meg Merrilies, who had lagged behind the troop, unexpectedly presented herself. Walter Scott (Waverly novels) […] she saw not the shadows that lagged behind them. C. D. Burdett (Walter Hamilton) Tralatitiously: (Predicated of something incorporeal) to be comparatively retarded in its development, especially by comparison with another thing related, as if the one being retarded were behind another. England was in political matters in advance of other Western lands; that is, it lagged behind other Western lands. Edward A. Freeman (William the Conqueror) England rather lagged behind than was a leader in the race of discontent. James Anthony Froude (History of England) The Colonies lagged behind England in the specialization of the plane maker for a number a reasons. Garrett Hack – John S. Sheldon (The Handplane Book) Transitively: (Predicated of an animated being who is locomoting in company) to lag behind (something or someone) Antonym: to precede These and a hundred other queries and plans so entirely occupied his mind that almost unconsciously he lagged the last of a large equestrian party which on that day were proceeding to view a remarkable Danish fort […] C. D. Burdett (Walter Hamilton) Other English vocables derived from lag: lagger, lagging, lag (noun, adj.) _lampoon_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: læmpuːn. Etymology: from the noun LAMPOON. Preterite tense: lampooned. Preterite participle : lampooned. Present participle: lampooing. Transitively: to make the subject of a lampoon; to write satirically about. Translation: faire la satire de, in French; satirizar, in Spanish; satireggiare, in Italian. Synonyms: to satirize, ridicule. Finding this plan miscarry, they found means to irritate a young gentleman against me, by telling him I had lampooned his mistress, and so effectually succeeded in the quality of incendiaries, that this enraged lover determined to seize me next night, as I returned to my lodgings from a friend's house that I frequented. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Roderick Random […] I was next day cautioned against him […], as a man of the most dangerous and formidable kind, who had writ verses to one lady, and then forsaken her only because she could not read them, and had lampooned another for no other fault than defaming his sister. Samuel ɛohnson… The Adventurer and Idler I am lampooned every day; I know the scribblers, but they must lampoon or starve. I leave them to do both. George Croly… Salathiel Words derived from the noun LAMPOON: lampooner, lampoonery, lampoonist. _leave_ Noun. Plural: leaves. Pronunciation: li;v Etymology: from Old English leaf. Walter Skeat stated: the original [… meaning] of leave is “that which is acceptable or pleasing”. 1. Act of permitting someone to do something or to behave in a certain manner; permission asked for or granted to do something. It may be translated by permiso, in Spanish; permission, in French; permesso, in Italian. -) Syntax: to ask, beg, get, grant, have, obtain, crave leave: Adelaide was at the breakfast-table in season the next morning, but her part in the repast was soon finished; and, asking leave of her Aunt Halliday to retire, the three relations were left to enjoy a private interview. Azel Roe (A long look ahead) I mean to ask your good mamma's leave to bring my little darlings to see her. Maria Gordon (Courtship and wedlock) The duke […] urging the colonel to speak, he craved leave to speak. George Smollett (The Critical Review) At court, and at the different shows and entertainments, I met Sir Aubrey; who, in several tournaments, craved leave to wear my badge and colours. This permission […] I readily granted. William Bennet (Malpas) I beg leave to offer myself for any of those expeditions. Alexander Wilson (American Ornithology) He applied for leave to go for a day or two […]. It was refused. Maria Gordon (Courtship and wedlock) If I choose to send a toad on a trip into the air, I shall do it without asking anybody's leave. Francis Forrester (Guy Carlton) […] he asked leave to examine one of the letters marked private and confidential, which was lying on his table when he arrived Mrs. Gore (The ɒanker’s Wife) I fear I must now ask leave to ring for my carriage. Mrs. Gore (The ɒanker’s Wife) -) Syntax: with leave, without leave, by leave, by your leave, etc.: […] he sent private emissaries to offer the Danish general a handsome sum of money, with leave to plunder the country along the sea-coast, provided he would retire on board his ships with his forces. Thomas Mortimer (ɑ New History of England…) The next day it came out in the evening papers that Private Miles, of the Coldstream Guards, on duty outside Marlborough House, had deserted his post without leave, and was therefore courtmartialed. Arthur Doyle (The Lost World) The captain came on board shortly after, and took no notice of my having been absent without leave. Frederick Marryat (Frank Mildmay) How dare you walk into a gentleman’s house without leave? Charles Dickens (Sketches by Boz) They anchored in the road at this island on the 13th May, and sent their pinnace ashore with a flag of truce to obtain provisions. But the people informed them that, without leave of the governor, they could not trade with them. Robert Kerr (Voyages and Travels) […] any person whatsoever who commits a trespass in the daytime by entering upon any land without leave of the proprietor, in pursuit of, inter alia, deer, is liable to a fine of two pounds. John Buchan (John Macnab) No man might cut his own wood without leave of the police William Howells (Roman Holidays and Others) He lies buried in the corner of his church-yard, in the parish of. . ., under a plain marble slab, which his friend Eugenius, by leave of his executors, laid upon his grave, with no more than these three words of inscription. Laurence Sterne (The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy) Mr. Law, by your leave and by the leave of these gentlemen here present, I shall [… ask] you if there doth occur to your mind any plan by which we may be relieved of certain of these difficulties. Emerson Hough (The Mississippi Bubble) Second definition: particularly: leave to absent oneself Synonym: furlough -) Syntax: leave of absence: As I could not then get leave of absence from school, my mother with my sister, and little brother, went without me on a visit to my aunt in H—f—shire […] Walter (My secret life) -) Syntax: on leave: absent from a place by permission A sub-lieutenant in the Navy, he was home on leave at present. Arthur Doyle (The Doings of Raffles Haw) [A girl was] flirting mildly with one of the Sirdar's Bimbashis, on leave from the Soudan. Guy Boothby (A Professor of Egyptology) […] the chance of meeting plenty of young officers over on leave from the front. Arthur J. Rees (The Hand in the Dark) Third definition: a formal parting; a departure with a previous farewell. Hence: departure, even without farewelling. -) Syntax: this acceptation is found exclusively in the phrase “to take leave” (literally, to take permission to go). With the preposition of, followed by a noun, designative either of the person, or of the place, from which the leave-taker is departing: It may be translated by despedirse de alguien, in Spanish; prendre congé de quelqu’un, in French; prendere congedo di qualcuno, in Italian. In taking leave of me, Mr. B. made a proposition for the purchase of the paper when written. Edgar Allan Poe On the 28th of August I finally took my leave of Belfast. Anne Plumptre (Narrative of a residence in Ireland) On returning to Dublin from my Southern Tour, nothing remained but to take leave of my Irish friends and depart for England. Anne Plumptre (Narrative of a residence in Ireland) […] these take formal leave of each other. Charles Sealsfield (Austria as it is) Other English words derived from leave: leave-taker (a person taking leave); leave-day (a permission for scholars to go beyond the precinct of the school) _Leisure_ Noun Plural: leisures Pronunciation and accent: lEZ(jU)ə(r), li;Z(jU)ə(r) Etymology: from Old French leisir (= permission), which is derived from Latin licere (= to be permitted). The Old French leisir became the Modern French loisir. First definition: the possibility or opportunity for someone to do something, as if licenced by the circumstance of not being busied in something else. Translation:loisir, in French; oportunidad (de hacer algo), in Spanish; opportunità (di fare qualcosa), in Italian. Antonyms: inopportunity, impossibility -) What is possible or opportune may be signified syntactically either with an infinitive or a gerund or a noun preceded by the preposition for: […] the travellers had leisure to linger amid these solitudes. Ann Radcliffe (The Mysteries Of Udolpho) Emily, who had put two or three books into the carriage, on leaving La Vallee, had now the leisure for looking into them. Ann Radcliffe (The Mysteries Of Udolpho) I, indeed, have not much leisure for such a task. Ann Radcliffe (The Mysteries Of Udolpho) […] the moment, in which she leaned against the wall of the gallery, allowed her leisure to observe the figure before her, and to recognise the features of Annette. Ann Radcliffe (The Mysteries Of Udolpho) At all this I was much astonished; but I had no leisure to think. Edgar Allan Poe. William, that his enemies might have no leisure to recover from their consternation or unite their counsels, immediately put himself in motion after his victory, and resolved to prosecute an enterprize, which nothing but celerity and vigour could render fina lly successful. David Hume (The History of England) There was no leisure for sleep. James Froude (Caesar) He said if I would go with him to his country house, about twenty miles distant, where his estate lay, there would be more leisure for this kind of conversation. ɛ. Swift (Gulliver’s Travels) Our designation was so unexpected, and departure so sudden, that we had scarce leisure to turn a thought on the separation about to take place from our fellow laborers. Charles Samuel Stewart (A residence in the Sandwich Islands) […] he found himself unexpectedly in Eachin’s close neighbourhood, with scarce leisure to avoid him. Walter Scott (Waverley novels, volume 43) Her early education was not conducted on any regular plan. Her father, […], had little leisure for superintending it. Mary Brunton (Discipline) I bought my admittances without a moment's delay, and the man who sold me my reserve seats had even leisure to call me back and ask to look at the change he had given me, mostly nickels. William Dean Howells (Literature and Life) It was my determination to set sail again that very evening; consequently there was no leisure for us to quit the shore. Leon Cahun (The adventures of Captain Mago) There was no leisure for her to consider longer if she would be home again that night; and returning to the railway she waited on a seat without eating or drinking till a train was ready to take her back. Thomas Hardy (Two on a tower) Second definition: the state of one person who is unbusied; this is, the state or circumstance in which someone is not busied in something (which may be inferred from the context, or signified with the preposition from) Translation:loisir, in French; ocio, in Spanish; ozio, in Italian. Antonyms: business, activity, activeness Synonyms: inactivity, vacancy, unbusiness Before detailing an improved method of hoeing turnips discovered by me during the leisure from public duties. Journal of the royal agricultural society Having leisure from wars and intrigues, he felt the unsatisfactory nature of all human enjoyments. David Hume (The History of England) As we have had very little opportunity of improving our monumental knowledge since leaving Barkal, and had much leisure in our boat, I employed myself specially during this time with a comparison and research, […], of the Nubian language, which is spoken in this part of the country. Richard Lepsius (Letters from Egypt…) "Let us retire to the rear room for a few moments of conversation, if you have the leisure, " said Baugh. Andy Adams (Cattle Brands) The marks of hair powder on his coat collar, and the ill-washed and worse tied white neckerchief round his throat, showed that he had not found leisure since he left the court to make any alteration in his dress. Percy Fitzgerald (Bardell v. Pickwick) […] afloat there are moments of quiet and peace—the still night for reflection, the watch for meditation; and even the adverse wind or tide leaves moments of leisure which may be employed to advantage. Frederick Marryat (Jacob Faithful) In the morning he tramped through the woods and climbed the hills with Jeff Durgin, who seemed never to do anything about the farm, and had a leisure unbroken by anything except a rare call from his mother to help her in the house. William Dean Howells (The Landlord at Lion's Head) It is the women with us who have the most leisure, and they read the most books. William Dean Howells (Literature and Life) This was the young poet […], who wrote poetry in such leisure as he found from his duties. William Dean Howells (Literature and Life) […] I had nearly four years of nearly uninterrupted leisure at Venice, which I meant to employ in reading all Italian literature, and writing a history of the republic. William Dean Howells (Literature and Life) We people of leisure, or comparative leisure, have really nothing in common with you people who work with your hands for a living. William Dean Howells (Annie Howells) At any rate, I made up my mind to be so dreadfully industrious that I would leave myself not a moment's leisure to be low-spirited. Charles Dickens (Bleak House) If we had travelled with more leisure, it had not been fit to have neglected the Popish Islands. Samuel Johnson (A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland) The Jew motioned to the Dodger to place what eatables there were, upon the table; and, seating himself opposite the housebreaker, waited his leisure. Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist) It shall be your mastership’s pleasure whether I shall tarry your return hither, or whether this bearer shall tarry your leisure to bring further instruction from you. Hugh Latimer (The works of Hugh Latimer) “Do you required present rest, lady?” he asked, gently. “If so, we will tarry your leisure. Or does it please you to proceed now? We shall reach an auberge a few miles from the city, before the hour of dinner.” Laura Valentine (The ransom) I return you many thanks for the favour of yours, which, on account of my being from home, did not reach me till yesterday. Before I received it, I had desired a friend to leave the copy of my comedy at your house, otherwise I would not have troubled you with it before the time you mention; but I beg you would not hurry yourself in regard to it, as I would wish to attend your leisure and convenience. David Garrick (The private correspondence of David Garrick) If it please you to command me any service, I am here ready to attend your leisure. John Lyly (Selected prose and dramatic work) […] he was directed to go to a private lodging, and there to stay their leisure [of the council]. Here came a committee of the council, rather to examine him than to hear his propositions. The Retrospective review, by Henry Southern Idioms: at leisure, at one’s leisure: having the circumstance of leisure; being unbusied and with the possibility to do something without haste or constraint; leisurely Think better of it, I entreat you! Remember the proverb, "Marry in haste and repent at leisure."' Thomas Hardy (A changed man and other tales) She was hastily retiring, when Montoni's voice arrested her, and, in a faultering accent, she said,—'I would speak with you, Signor Montoni, if you are at leisure.' Ann Radcliffe (The Mysteries Of Udolpho) Leaving her and Oliver to compare notes at leisure, Mr. Brownlow led the way into another room. Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist) […] stories were told of perilous bargains made in a hurry and repented of at leisure. Edgar Allan Poe We were soon at leisure to examine the place with minute inspection, and found many cavities which, as the waterman told us, went backward to a depth which they had never explored. Samuel Johnson (A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland) "She has nothing to say, madam," cried Cecilia, "that the whole world may not hear. Neither is it my purpose to talk, but to listen, if Mr Belfield is at leisure to favour me with his advice." Frances Burney (Cecilia) Jones expressed great astonishment and no less concern at this account, but without making any comment or observation upon it. And now a message was brought from Mr Blifil, desiring to know if his uncle was at leisure that he might wait upon him. Henry Fielding (The History of Tom Jones) Though I conceive you (ladies) so much at leisure that you may read anything, yet since the stories of the town are merely amorous, and sound nothing but love, I cannot, […], make them news for Wales. The works of John Suckling -) This idiom may be qualified by adjectives as less, more, all, best, full, etc.: Most of this day's journey was very pleasant. The day, though bright, was not hot; and the appearance of the country, if I had not seen the Peak, would have been wholly new. We went upon a surface so hard and level, that we had little care to hold the bridle, and were therefore at full leisure for contemplation. Samuel Johnson (A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland) In our way we found several places remarkable enough in themselves, but already described by those who viewed them at more leisure, or with much more skill. Samuel Johnson (A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland) I pulled a chair to the side of the bed, and contemplated her cunt at my leisure. Walter (My secret life) "I wish to have a private conference with you two," said he, when he had surveyed me at his leisure. Charles Dickens (Great expectations) I doubt not that I shall be able to accomplish the journey; and you can follow me or not, as you think fit, at your leisure, and with proper attendance." H. M. Jones (The Scottish Chieftains) Please to examine, at your leisure, the inner linings of the cuff of his left sleeve, and the several little packages which may be found in the somewhat capacious pockets of his embroidered morning wrapper. Edgar Allan Poe I did not quit Mr Knapps until I had run through the alphabet, and then returned to my place, that I might con it over at my leisure, puzzling myself with the strange complexity of forms of which the alphabet was composed. Frederick Marryat (Jacob Faithful) Other English vocables derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of Latin licere: licence (noun, verb), license (noun, verb), illicit, licentiate (noun, verb), licentio us, licenceless, licensable, licensed, licensee, licenser, licensing, licensure, licentiates hip, licentiating, licentiation, licentious, licentiously, licentiousness, licit, licit ly, licitness, illicit, illicitly, illicitness, unlicentious, unlicensed Other English vocables derived from leisure: leisurely (adj., adv.), leisure (verb), leisurable, leisurably, leisured, leisureful, leisureless, leisureliness, leisureness _liable_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: laɪəb(ə)l. Etymology: of uncertain origin: maybe from French lier (= to bind), from Latin ligare (= to bind) + -ABLE. 1. (Of a person) legally obliged to something (this is, to do it, pay, satisfy, undergo, etc.); lawfully bound. Particularly: legally obliged to answer for something; answerable for it. Synonyms: responsible; answerable. -)With the preposition TO + noun of the liability; with the preposition FOR + noun of the thing for which one is responsible. […] under the French the entire taxation to which he was liable was fifty francs. William ɒrockedon… Illustrations of the Passes of the Alps However it was allowed, that the widower of a married woman trader might, though he retained goods furnished her and never paid for, plead that he is neither executor nor administrator to his wife, and therefore not liable to her debts. Peregrine ɒingham… The law of infancy He contends that being a foreign subject, and deriving his income in virtue of his employment by a foreign government, he is not liable to income tax. Charles Senior… Hand Book… How far the owner is liable for the torts of the master. Theophilus Parsons… A Treatise on Maritime Law The owner of any dog that shall kill any sheep, shall be liable for the value of such sheep to the owner thereof. The American Farmer -)-)With the preposition TO + an infinitive. If upon a parol agreement, a man is admitted into possession, he is made a trespasser, and is liable to answer as a trespasser, if there be no agreement. Samuel Phillipps… A Treatise on the Law of Evidence As to those who are liable to be punished for committing waste… ɛohn ɒayly… Commentaries It has been accordingly held, that the owner of the improved rent, and not of the ground rent, is liable to pay the expenses of a party-wall under the statute. A Manual of the Law of Landlord 2. (Of a thing) legally subject to the control of an authority; that may undergo a process by an authority to which the owner is subject. Under the Austrians, Venice was a free port but everything carried there to the mainland was liable to duty. William Howells… A Foregone Conclusion All casks, barrels, staves, heading, or hoops, not liable to duties of customs on importation. John Chase… The Cape of Good Hope […] without their being weighed or liable to be weighed by any officer of customs. The Cyclopædia of Commerce 3. (Of somebody or something) formerly: of such a nature, character, or quality as to be exposed to any contingency. Now: of such a nature, character, or quality as to be exposed to something undesired, unpleasing or disadvantageous; subject to a bad contingency, or to the possibility of doing or undergoing something undesirable. Antonym: unliable. Translation: susceptible d'être l'objet de quelque chose, in French; susceptible de padecer o hacer algo malo, in Spanish; suscettibile di fare qualcosa di cattivo, in Italian. -)With the preposition TO + noun of the contingency or possibility: I have […] found in the latter Repository, a survey of the Priory of Bridlington, in the East Riding of the County of York, which is not liable to this objection. Archaeologia, vol. XIX Were the antagonist seated in contact with the box, the secret would be liable to discovery, by his detecting, with the aid of a quick ear, the breathings of the man concealed. Edgar Poe Coasting vessels, in the frequent hurry and bustle attendant upon taking in or discharging cargo, are the most liable to mishap from the want of a proper attention to stowage. Edgar Poe […] suffer me to request you to exchange three words with me in a spot less liable than this to interruption. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Devereux What became of that greenback my friend never knew. He suggests that the pin, being of English manufacture, was liable to confiscation and the officer only did his duty in seizing it. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world As this mysterious equipment may be liable to some exceptions, and perhaps to some inquiries, I shall for the present conceal my name, and that of the ship also. Daniel Defoe… A New Voyage This method […] of determining the longitudes of places is liable to error. ɛames Playfair… A System of Geography -)-)With the preposition TO + an infinitive: The real state of things between Willoughby and her sister was so little known to herself, that in endeavouring to explain it, she might be as liable to say too much as too little. ɛane ɑusten… Sense and Sensibility Do you know you are liable to be hanged for treason? ɑlfred Spencer… Memoirs of William Hickey As words are always liable to develop a variety of meanings, it sometimes happens that the plural of a word has a different meaning from the singular. Henry Sweet… A New English Grammar But as these particles are, as we see, liable to be separated from their verbs in other constructions, we call them separable particles. Henry Sweet… A New English Grammar This sincerity, abused as any good thing is liable to be, now and then [becomes] scandalous. Charles Lever… The Dodd Family Abroad The following are the rates of passage money, steward's fee included; but the traveller will of course make a personal inquiry, as minor changes are constantly liable to occur. Richard Ford… A Hand-book for Travellers in Spain… […] and if there were some strangers who did not come to poll, though they had business not unconnected with the election, they were not liable to be regarded with suspicion or especial curiosity. George Eliot… Felix Holt the Radical Irrigation seems absolutely essential for the profitable cultivation of the teaplant, although, on the other hand, land liable to be flooded during the rains, and upon which water lies for any length of time, is quite unsuitable for its growth. Harper's New Monthly Magazine, No. V, October, 1850, Volume I. 4. Used in U.S. (of a person): likely. I'm liable to make a trip up here twice a week, from now on! ɒ. M. ɒower… The Lookout Man Words derived from LIABLE: liableness (rarely used), liability, unliable. _listless_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: lɪstlɪs. Etymology: it is analysed into LIST (archaic noun for “desire”) + -less. Definition: a. Of a person: having or manifesting no desire (to do something or participate in it); behaving listlessly. b. (Of a personal action, a manner, etc.) manifesting a lack of desire; characterized by unwillingness to accomplish the action or to participate in it. c. (Of a state, feeling, etc.) attended with no indifference. Synonyms: careless, uninterested, indifferent, heedless. Antonyms: avid, eager, interested, attentive. Translation: indifférent, in French; desganado, in Spanish; svogliato, in Italian. The applause of a good hearty, well-appointed claque, excites not only the players, but also the listless audience. The Foreign Quarterly Review, vol. 71 He put his hand under Harrigan's chin and raised the listless head. It rolled heavily back and the dull eyes stared up at him. Max ɒrand… Harrigan The day after this event I entered the Puerta del Sol at about noon. There is always a crowd there about this hour, but it is generally a very quiet, motionless crowd, consisting of listless idlers calmly smoking their cigars, or listening to or retailing the—in general—very dull news of the capital. ɛohn Frost… The panorama of nations "Don Ippolito has come, signorina," said Nina, the next morning, approaching Florida, where she sat in an attitude of listless patience, in the garden. William Howells… A Foregone Conclusion He was a tall, sun-burnt, man, past the middle age, of a dull countenance and listless manner. ɛames Cooper… The Prairie The squatter found his children expecting his return in the usual listless manner with which they awaited all coming events. ɛames Cooper… The Prairie […] he has hardly touched a pencil since we left Palermo! He does not, as he used to do, go about seeing things and collecting information. No, he seems to have become wholly listless and indifferent, and to care for nothing but getting to England. ɑnne Marsh… Angela Casey filled his pipe and offered his tobacco sack to the man. The fellow took it, nodding listless thanks, and filled his own pipe. B. M. Bower… The Trail of The White Mule -)With the preposition to + an infinitive: Henry at last took his rifle and ventured out alone—the others were too listless to stop him. ɛoseph ɑltsheler… The Young Trailers […] though the amber mouth-piece of his Turkish pipe rested between his lips, he seemed almost too listless to smoke. Hood’s Magazine and Comic Miscellany Words derived from LISTLESS: listlessness, listlessly. _loaf_ Verb. Pronunciation: ləUf . Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense: loafed. Preterite participle : loafed. Present participle: loafing. Intransitively: to act as a loafer or idler; to be in a state in which one is idle or unoccupied in work; (of a person who ought to work) to be deliberately inactive. Synonyms: to idle, lounge, loiter. Antonyms: to toil, work. Translation: holgar, in Spanish; oziare, in Italian; flâner, in French. They hailed me with many sarcastic queries after my health, and the noble time they supposed I had enjoyed ashore at their expense, commiserating Ben exceedingly for having been obliged to do my work, as they said, while I had been loafing ashore. Frank ɒullen… The Log of a Sea-Waif Mark loafed with these fellows, drank with them, laughed at their scandalous jokes, and pretended to believe their incredible stories. Putnam's Magazine, vol. 10 [Tom] went to the tavern, drank gin sling, loafed with the idle fellows of the town. Merry's Museum and Parley's Magazine, vol. 7-8 Horatio, you lout, haven't I told you a thousand times not to stand loafing with your hands in your pockets? Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country, vol. 74 […] we visited the shore in the rain, loafed in the grocery store. Oliver Optic's Magazine, vol. 3-4 I have loafed in it [Paris] from one end to the other, and have seen the bigger part of what is worth seeing in the town itself. Phillips brooks… Letters of travel He was such a thorough-going artist; he never loafed. In his leisure moments, which were few, he was always sketching something. McBride's Magazine, vol. 56 Transitively: to spend (time, etc.) in idleness or loafing. […] his particular friend, who was loafing away the earlier half of the afternoon in Mr. Wendover's chambers, smoking Mr. Wendover's cigarette, and sipping Mr. Wendover's Apollinaris slightly coloured with brandy. Mary ɒraddon… The Golden Calf Words derived from loaf: loafer, loafing, loafingly. _loom_ Verb. Pronunciation: luːm. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense: loomed. Preterite participle: loomed Present participle: looming. Intransitively: to appear indistinctly, because of distance, obscurity, atmospheric condition, disproportion between the viewer and the object, etc. Translation: vislumbrarse, in Spanish; apparaître indistinctement, in French; apparire indistintamente, in Italian. The night was dark and overcast, and the outline of the derrick loomed faintly. ɑrthur Pier… The triumph In the rapid flight of the cars, it was impossible to retain the names of towns and villages; but one magnificent object loomed upon our right, at the distance of a few miles-Windsor Castle, with its princely towers. Benjamin Silliman… A visit to Europe In the afternoon the Persian hills loomed out of the haze, quite close to us really. Gertrude Bell… The Letters of Gertrude Bell That day the rain was ceaseless, and in the driving mists one could see little but low hills looming on the horizon, pine barrens, scrub, and flooded rice-fields. Isabella Bird… Unbeaten Tracks in Japan It was a cold winter evening, and the heavy clouds were looming up in broad masses over the troubled sky. Jane Campbell… Evenings at home After ferrying another river at a village from which a steamer plies to Tokiyo, the country became much more pleasing, the rice-fields fewer, the trees, houses, and barns larger, and, in the distance, high hills loomed faintly through the haze. Isabella Bird… Unbeaten Tracks in Japan To-day at noon we saw, dimly looming up from the redness of the southern horizon, a low range of hills. Elisha Kane… Adrift in the Arctic Laboriously I crept and scrambled up the slippery side of that miserable hill. From the foot it had not looked far to the summit -perhaps not over one hundred feet- nor yet steep; but with each step forward and each slip back it seemed to grow, until, when half way up I stopped to breathe, it loomed above me like a mountain. ɑnna Nicholas… An idyl… The night was cloudy and dark, and as we approached the town, the outline of the Capitol was barely discernible, on our left, looming up against the dull heavy sky. Alexander Mackay… The Western World Newton looked in the direction pointed out, and discovered the hull of a vessel looming through the fog. Frederick Marryat… Newton Forster -)With an adjective complement: […] she saw Mr. Bott looming large before her on the top of the staircase. Anthony Trollope… Can you forgive her? As he spoke, a heavy and dense bank of clouds spread from the northern horizon, and gradually [… covered] the whole sky; the moon disappeared, or shot forth her lustre only at times on the whitening waves: the sea became black, and the land loomed close and high. James Grant… Adventures of an Aide-de-Camp It was too dark by this time for me to discern more than the merest outline of the place. I saw that it was very large, and I noticed that not even one of its hundred windows showed the least glimmer of light. It loomed vast, dark, and silent, as if deserted by every living thing. Thomas Speight… Under lock and key Slowly and cantiously he threaded the tortuous pathway that led to the heart of the hill. He reached the end of it in safety, and the cavern loomed dim and vast before him. Thomas Speight… Under lock and key In the distance the long-sought mountains of Bamangwato at length loomed blue before me. Roualeyn Gordon-Cumming… South Africa -)-)(Of something mental): metaphorically: to occur indistinctly. Lockhart remits £100 for reviewing; I hope the next will be for Sophia, for cash affairs loom well in the offing. Walter Scott… The Journal Words derived from loom: loom (noun), looming. _lull_ Verb. Pronunciation: lVl. Etymology: of imitative origen. Preterite tense, preterite participle: lulled. Present participle: lulling. Third-person singular simple present: lulls. Transitively: 1. To soothe (a child) with a lullaby; to induce (any one) to a pleasing sleep or to a similar quiescence, by using soothing vocal sounds. Synonyms: to lullaby; calm, soothe, quiet, assuage, tranquilize, mollify, ease. Antonyms: to disquiet, disturb. Translation: adormecer por medio de un canto suave, in Spanish; addormentare con una canzone gradevole, in Italian; endormir par un chant agréable, in French. -)With the preposition to, or into, followed by a noun, designative of the result: Having no one else, she whispered her thoughts, her wishes to the little Nancy. Instead of tender songs and baby talk, the child was lulled to sleep with stories of her father, with broken sobs. Anna Nicholas… An idyl… I lulled my little boy to sleep -I placed him softly on his couch. ɛohn Galt… The earthquake […] Henry screamed again for several hours. ɛane, had she felt an affection for the child, and, from that affection, been [… made] to sooth it with tenderness, might easily have lulled it into quiet. ɑrthur’s Magazine, vol. 1-2 They rocked the child by fastening the cradle with a rope to the top of the hut; and tossing it from one side to the other, lulled it to sleep. J. Goldsmith – ɛames Percival… A Geographical View… 2. (The subject may be a thing or an animated being) to soothe (any one) to a pleasing sleep or to a similar quiescence otherwise than by vocal sounds. Books, my old delight, still lulled my mind. George Croly… Salathiel The silence around me, — save the home-returning bee with its " drowsy hum," — and the moaning sound of distant cattle, — and the low, sullen gurgling of waters — lulled me into a sleep. Washington Irving… The Analectic Magazine, vol. 8 [I] stretched myself on a low ottoman in a nook hidden by the broad thick leaves of camellias and orange-trees. There, indolently reading, the rain plashing on the glass lulled me into a deep, delicious, dreamless sleep. Godey’s Magazine, vol. 82-83 Falcon intending to lull his wife into a false security, lulled himself into that state instead. Charles Reade… The complete writings… The quiet that succeeded lulled her into a false security. Sophia Lee… Canterbury tales -)Reflexively: At night she lulled herself to sleep with too much wine. Fern Michaels… The Marriage Game […] she had lulled herself to a false repose by the use of opium. Mary ɒraddon… Run to Earth […] she lulled herself into patience. Elizabeth Gaskell… Cranford I lulled myself again into a calm. Charlotte Campbell… Love 3. Metaphorically: (of the sea, wind, etc.) to become calmed. The wind, which had been high all day, lulled towards evening, and heavy rain came on. Eliza Meteyard… Lilian’s golden hours Other English words derived from lull: lullaby, lulling, lullingly. _lurk_ Verb. Pronunciation: l ːk. Etymology: from Middle English lurken. Preterite tense: lurked (l ːkt); preterite participle: lurked. Present participle: lurking. Intransitively: 1. (The subject is a person or another animal) to lie hidden; to try to remain unseen in or about a place, with a furtive purpose. Translation: se cacher, in French; ocultarse, in Spanish; agguatarsi, in Italian. Synonyms: to hide oneself; to lie in ambush; to lie in wait; to skulk. Antonyms: to flaunt, show off. Even at the late hour at which the two burglars were wending their way over Saffron Hill, boys of ages ranging from seven to fifteen, were lurking in the courts and alleys, watching for any decently dressed persons, who might happen to pass that way. Those boys had for the most part been seduced from the control of their parents by the receivers of stolen goods in Field Lane, or else had been sent into the streets to thieve by those vile parents themselves. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London [Welbeck] cast fearful glances at the windows and door. He examined every avenue, and listened. Thrice he repeated this scrutiny. Having, as it seemed, ascertained that no one lurked within audience, he approached the bed. He put his mouth close to my face. He attempted to speak, but once more examined the apartment with suspicious glances. Museum of Foreign Literature […] snake, which lurked in the overgrown coarse grass. The Edinburgh Gazetteer [These serpents] after having surfeited themselves with their prey, they seek some retreat, where they lurk for several days together. Samuel Wilcocke… History of the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres 2. Metaphorically: (the subject is a thing) to be latent, as if hidden; to exist latently. Alas! its emaciation was excessive, and not one vestige of the former being lurked in any single line of the contour. Edgar Poe Carefully locking the door on the inside, I commenced a vigorous search. It was possible, I thought, that, concealed in some obscure corner, or lurking in some closet or drawer, might be found the lost object of my inquiry. Edgar Poe Although Hugh announced this gravely, a smile lurked round his mouth. Margaret Paull… Maiden sisters Had he guessed that his guide was Alexis Paulvitch he would have realized that […] danger lurked in the path of every move. Edgar ɒurroughs… The Beasts of Tarzan He was told that danger lurked in his path. Charles ɒrown… Wieland 3. To move in a furtive manner; --it is rarely found. Synonyms: to skulk, slink, sneak. 4. To act as a lurker; to read or observe something in a online community, without participating or making one's presence known; --it is slang He had lurked on forums, occasionally striking up conversations. ɑ. D. Garrett… Believe No One I usually just lurked on there, watching other people's conversations and not bothering to join in. Cat Clarke… A Kiss in the Dark Words derived from lurk: lurker, lurk (noun), lurking, lurkingly, lurkingness, lurky. _manner_ Noun. Plural: manners. Pronunciation and accent: mænə(r). Etymology: from Middle English manere, from Old French maniere, from (assumed) Vulgar Latin manuaria, from feminine of Late Latin manuarius (= of the hand), from Latin manus (= hand) + suffix –ARIUS: -ary. Etymological identity with Spanish manera, Italian maniera and French manière. Derivates from MANNER: mannerism, mannered, mannerist, manneris tic, manneristical, mannerize, mannerless, mannerliness, mannerly (adv. adj.), unmanne r ly (adv. adj.), unmannered, unmanneredly, unmannerliness. 1. First definition: the quality of an action; the mode or method in which something is done or happens; method of action; a mode of procedure; mode of acting, occurrence; fashion. Semantic-etymological identity with French manière, Spanish manera and Italian maniera. To make a deposit in the manner you mention. E. Allan Poe Upon leaving him on the night of our adventure, he solicited me, in what I thought an urgent manner, to call upon him very early the next morning. E. Allan Poe There was something in his manner of emphasizing the word "peculiar," which caused me to shudder, without knowing why. E. Allan Poe Ordinary assassins employ no such modes of murder as this. Least of all, do they thus dispose of the murdered. In the manner of thrusting the corpse up the chimney, you will admit that there was something excessively outré - something altogether irreconcilab le with our common notions of human action, even when we suppose the actors the most depraved of men. E. Allan Poe She opened her legs wider in a most condescending manner. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) This is a description of the organs employed, and the object, art, and manner of using them, which is called fucking — together with its results. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) [He] sometimes thanked her in a manner more earnest than was usual with him. Mrs. Ann Radcliffe (The Romance of the Forest, 1791) OED Particular phrases: In this manner (Formerly on, by this manner)= thus After this manner (Formerly on, by this manner) = thus In what manner = how In divers manners. (Formerly) In good manner, in manner that: so that In a manner (formerly in manner): in some degree, so to speak, as it were, in a manner of speaking or expression. The poorest citizens […] were considered in a manner as supernumeraries. Thomas Arnold (History of Rome, 1838) OED In like manner: in a similar mode, similarly. On like manner (obsolete): in a similar mode, similarly. Apple-butter is a substitute for butter; it is spread upon bread and eaten in like manner. 1870 Congress. Globe OED I had placed my left hand and weight against the oar. Instantly laying hold of his own in like manner, his first effort broke it short at the lock. William Scoresby (Cheever's Whaleman’s ɑdventures, 1850) They had gone rustling away as if their little dresses were made of autumn- leaves: and they came rustling back, in like manner. Charles Dickens (David Copperfield, 1849) The obsolete construction To find the manner(s to (to find means to, Spanish: hallar manera(s de) seemed to keep something of this meaning of method. In no manner (adverbial phrase): not at all; nohow. (Italian: in nessuna maniera, Spanish: de ninguna manera) By no manner, also no manner (obsolete): not at all; nohow. It is more than probable that I am not understood; but I fear, indeed, that it is in no manner possible to convey to the mind of the merely general reader, an adequate idea of that nervous intensity of interest. E. Allan Poe In a manner of speaking: so to speak; let’s understand it this manner. [The cattle] has been, in a manner of speaking, neglected. ‘Rolf ɒoldrewood’ (ɑ Colonial Reformer, 1890) OED With of followed by gerund or noun of action: The manner of this determination is as follows. Nicholas Amherst (Terræ Filius, 1726) OED Thus hopeless are all attempts to find any traces of Highland learning. Nor are their primitive customs and ancient manner of life otherwise than very faintly and uncertainly remembered by the present race. Samuel Johnson (A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland) Her modest manner of speech. Samuel Richardson (Clarissa, 1747) I slept with her, and found her a most charming bed-fellow. She had much of the manner of fucking that Camille has. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) Adverb of manner: one which is equivalent to the question how? [Adverbs] may be reduced under the general classes of Adverbs of time, of place, of order, of quantity, of quality, of manner [etc.]. Ephraim Chambers (Cyclop, 1727–41) OED In the manner of (a person, an animal): in the same manner as, with the same style as, with the same manner as. Henry places himself on guard in the manner of a well taught boxer. G. B. Shaw (How he lied to her Husband, 1907) OED Two Davenport plaques painted in the manner of Birkett Foster. George Savage (Porcelain through the ages, 1954) When touched, these insects counterfeit death; but they do not contract their legs, in the manner of the Dermestes, and some other Beetles. William Bingley (Animal Biography, 1802) They sit on their hams, with their legs and arms disposed in the manner of monkeys. J. Morse (The American Geog., 1796) Second definition: species, kind. -)Chiefly in the phrase what manner of…? (formerly often with ellipsis of OF.) What manner of people these maskers are. Edgar Poe There is a manner of powerful nonchalantness. Edward Dowden… Studies in Literature -)-)Particular constructions of manner in this acceptation: a. In plural construction, the noun manner being in singular and qualified by all, many, those, these, or a numeral, is archaic, except in the phrase all manner of = all kinds of. This construction is undeserving of imitation, it being rather ungrammatical. (In early use often with ellipsis of of) Two manner of built ships: the one with a flush deck […]. Sir William Monson (Naval Tracts, 1642) Bernt and Partner, by […] an idealisation of contortionism, twist their lithe bodies into all manner of graceful poses. 1927 Daily Tel. 8 Feb. Their chief tool, and one used for all manner of purposes, from the felling of a tree to the paring of a cucumber, is the dah. The handle is like that of a cleaver, and the blade like a drawing-knife. Howard Malcom (Travels in south-eastern Asia, 1839) b. No (or any) manner of…: used periphrastically for ‘no, any (person or thing) whatever’. (Formerly also with ellipsis of of.) I think there can be no manner of doubt. Edgar Allan Poe I have no manner of apprehension of the event of this meeting. Samuel Richardson (Clarissa, 1747) 2. a. The manner of: the character, state, disposition, condition or quality of. Obs. The manner of the country. b. In (the) manner of (something): after the fashion of, with the same aspect as, with the same condition as. (Spanish: a manera de… French: en manière de, par manière de…) [The boat was built] for the whaling service, and was fitted, as I have since had reason to believe, with air-boxes, in the manner of some life-boats used on the coast of Wales. E. Allan Poe (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym) Beyond this room there were three others, reaching the length of the house, to which you passed through three doors, opposite to each other, in the manner of a vista. ɛ. Swift (Gulliver’s Travels, 1726) 3. Hence, referred to persons: anybody’s mode of behaving; behavior; conduct; deportment; specif.: a pl. (Also, less common, in sing.) Habitual conduct of a group of persons, tribe, or, in general, people. Semantic-etymological identity with French manière, Spanish manera and Italian maniera. The manners of chivalrous times do not make so fair an appearance in Monstrelet. Henry Hallam (The State of Europe during the Middle Ages, 1818) No peculiarity […] more strongly discriminates the manners of the Greeks and Romans from those of modern times. Thomas Warton (The History of English Poetry, 1774) Contemporary novels are good evidence of manners. James Rogers (Historical Gleanings, 1870) OED b A person's habitual behaviour or conduct; a habitual deportment; a customary mode of acting or behaviour; a usage, a custom, a fashion. Semantic-etymological identity with French manière, Italian maniera For the manner: in accordance with the fashion. OED. To the manner born: Congenitally fitted to observe a manner or custom (obsolete); hence, congenitally fitted for some employment. She resisted after the manner of women, but so feebly, that I easily held her close, and repeated my kiss. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) [He] held the lapels of his coat with his thumbs under the collar as his manner was. George Eliot (Daniel Deronda, 1876) c. pl. Behaviour, mode of acting, either customary or otherwise; what differences a person from another for being mannered somehow or other (so, rude-mannered persons are unlike to gentle-mannered ones), as distinguished from aspect, look, form. (The singular is not usual) We refer “manners” to human beings, and “habits” to the other animals. Semantic-etymological identity with French manières, the Italian maniere and the Spanish maneras. Good or bad manners. He was civil, even cordial in his manner, but just then, I was more intent on observing the arrangements of the dwelling which had so much interested me, than the personal appearance of the tenant. E. Allan Poe I smiled […]. I took my visitors all over the house. I bade them search - search well. I led them, at length, to his chamber. […] I brought chairs into the room, and desired them here to rest from their fatigues, while I myself, in the wild audacity of my perfect triumph, placed my own seat upon the very spot beneath which reposed the corpse of the victim. The officers were satisfied. My manner had convinced them. I was singularly at ease. They sat, and while I answered cheerily, they chatted of familiar things. E. Allan Poe A gentleman whose amiable manners and many virtues have long endeared him to the citizens of Charlottesville. E. Allan Poe He continued, after a pause, with the most expressive energy and solemnity of manner E. Allan Poe I was, though demure, quite a man in manner and look. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) There is wonderfully little difference between the woman you have for five shillings, and the one you pay five pounds, excepting in the silk, linen, and manners. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) Setting aside a certain dapperness of carriage, which may be termed deskism for want of a better word, the manner of these persons seemed to be an exact facsimile of what had been the perfection of bon ton about twelve or eighteen months before. E. Allan Poe My words and manner staggered and quieted her. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) The manners and speech of the two were different from that of most of the women, whose cunts I had been feeling that evening. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) I didn't like either her face, cunt, form, or manner. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) Her manner was nervous, agitated, hurried. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) She had not been gay, and was very modest in manner and expression. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) I watched them going along with their steady step; who could have known from their look and manner, that both had just been fucked ! Who can tell the state of any woman's cunt, whom you may meet anywhere! Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) I fucked her, left, and did not see her again for months, but frequented Camille, who with her soft, almost feline ways and delicious manner in copulation, charmed me much. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) I had had the cleanest, nicest women, but they were servants, with the dress and manners of servants. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) What a cunt! what movement! what manner! I had till then never known what a highclass, well practised professional fucker could do. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) In his rivalry he might have been supposed actuated solely by a whimsical desire to thwart, astonish, or mortify myself; although there were times when I could not help observing, with a feeling made up of wonder, abasement, and pique, that he mingled with his injuries, his insults, or his contradictions, a certain most inappropriate, and assuredly most unwelcome affectionateness of manner. E. Allan Poe […] with the manner of one bewildered in a dream. E. Allan Poe They hold it ill manners that one should touch the meat with his hand. Fynes Moryson (An Itinerary, 1617) OED His manners and conversation were those of a gentleman who had been bred in the most polite […] of all Courts. Macaulay (Hist. Eng., 1855) OED d Sing. With reference to a speaker: Style of attitude, gesture, and utterance; behavior; bearing; deportment; style of address. Semantic-etymological identity with French manière. Something in the boy's manner attracted the banker's interest. James Froude (History of England, 1856) OED His manner to women seems to have been of the kind called philandering. T. E. Kebbel (Crabbe, 1888) OED With a singular alteration of voice and manner. E. Allan Poe The unexpected eccentricity of his address and manner. E. Allan Poe "What makes ladies smell so nice?" said I to my mother one day. My mother put down her work and laughed to herself. "I don't know that they smell nice." "Yes, they do, and particularly when they have low dresses on." "Ladies," said mother, "use patchouli and other perfumes." I supposed so, but felt convinced from mother's manner that I had asked a question which embarrassed her. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) "Don't come near me, don't be unkind, let me alone," she says. Her manner was so commanding, that I let her go to the kitchen without following her. Shortly Eliza and then my mother came home. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) My quiet, demure manner, made her imagine that such an attack from me, was among the most improbable things. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) Certain it is, that I never have had a woman who in behaviour resembled Mary, in manner, conversation, and general behaviour, — I always felt as if she were a superior person to me, as if she were obliging me and not herself, and was putting me under an obligatio n, by letting me fuck her. Walter (My Secret Life, 1888) d Pl. Good ‘manners’, customs, or good or polite deportment; polite behaviour; habits indicative of good breeding; acts by a well-mannered or mannerly person. (rarely used as sing.) Semantic-etymological identity with French manière, Italian maniere. He pressed us so earnestly to dinner, that we could not, in manners, refuse him. Henry Brooke (The Fool of Quality, 1760–72) OED e. Plural. Forms of politeness or respect; personal acts in order to show good manners in interpersonal communication. (archaic except in to do or make one's manners.) Madam, I was thinking with what manners I might safely be admitted. Shakes. (All's Well, 1601) OED I humbly make my manners, missus. Mrs. Elizabeth Gaskell (Sylvia's Lovers, 1863) OED f (An ambiguous and vague use) A fashionable manner. We country persons can have no manner at all. […] ɒut who can have a manner, who has never seen […] such places where the nobility chiefly resort? Oliver Goldsmith (She Stoops to Conquer, 1773) 4. a. Method of artistic execution or mode of presentation; style of a work, technique. (Especially, in literary use, as contrasted with matter.) Semantic-etymological identity with French manière, Italian maniera Miniature engravings in the line manner. Thomas Dibdin (The Library Company, 1824) OED Poetry is distinguished from prose more by the manner than by the matter. John Stuart Blackie (Æschylus, 1850) OED The terms, and the general manner of the narration. E. Allan Poe […] after the manner of Egyptian architecture. E. Allan Poe The paragraph from the 'Courier and Enquirer,' which is now going the rounds of the press, and which purports to claim the invention for a Mr. Kissam, of Brunswick, Maine, appears to me, I confess, a little apocryphal, for several reasons; although there is nothing either impossible or very improbable in the statement made. I need not go into details. My opinion of the paragraph is founded principally upon its manner. It does not look true. Persons who are narrating facts, are seldom so particular as Mr. Kissam seems to be, about day and date and precise location. E. Allan Poe b. The method or style of a particular artist (sometimes, abusively and ambiguous ly, used for mannerism). Semantic-etymological identity with Italian maniera. The manner of Charles Dickens. [When Charles Dickens] has to make his hero speak throughout for himself, he subdues his own manner to the dramatic necessities of the character narrating. From Introduction to “David Copperfield” by ɑndrew Lang. c. Specially: One of the several methods of an artist, distinguishable in the phases or periods of his career. Semantic-etymological identity with French manière A picture of Raphael in his first manner. Horace Walpole (Anecdotes of Painting in England, 1762–71) OED Mr. Henderson's attempt to divide Wagner's works into four styles or manners is rather misleading. Daily Chron. 22 Apr. 1902 (OED) 12. Measure, moderation. (Obsolete) Maybe this is why the phrase in a manner is sometimes understood for in a degree. 15. Comb. (objective), as manner-piercing adj.; manners-bit dial.; manners-like adv., in a mannerly way. OED. _masturbate_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: mæst3;beIt. Preterite tense, Preterite participle: and present participle: masturbated, masturbating. Etymology: from Latin masturbat-, participial stem of masturbare: (= masturbate), which is of uncertain origin. Read about a false etymology under the lemma masturbation. Semantic-etymological identity with Spanish masturbar, Italian masturbare and French masturber. Transitively: to make a masturbation to (a woman, a man, or another animal); to eroticize, or try to eroticize, (a woman) by handling, fingering or stimulating otherwise her vulva (and/or other erogenic part, as anus, breast, etc.); to eroticize, or try to eroticize, (a man) by handling, rubbing, fingering or stimulating otherwise his penis (and/or other erogenic part, as testicles, anus, etc.). When you are both masturbating each other, you can kiss, fondle each other’s bodies, and talk to each other. Sari Locker… The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Amazing Sex Upon entering the bedroom, he would undress and ask me to do the same. […] After undressing, he would tell me to bend over and then he would insert his erect penis into my anus and start thrusting back and forth. He would then stimulate my penis and want me to do the same to him. We also masturbated each other, with him reaching orgasm and myself only being stimulated. Floyd Mansfield Martinson… The Sexual Life of Children In another video, Nicolai and a different boy had masturbated each other, lying on the floor on a green sleeping bag. T. K. ɜenyon… Rabid When both of you are confident that you can masturbate one another well, try masturbating each other at the same time. Choose a position in which you are both comfortable. Andrew Stanway… The Lover’s Guide -)The object of the verb is the word clitoris, penis, etc.: [...] caressing her (she was still unconscious) under her skirt, masturbating her clitoris […]. Hubert ɑquin… The Antiphonary […] he masturbated her breasts […] over an hour. It had no effect on her but did on him. Martin Duberman… About time He masturbated her clitoris with his pouting lips, drinking her slippery stuff and thirsting for more. Lisa-ɑnn Carey… Lap of Luxury He began masturbating his penis, spilling the remainder of his semen onto her stomach. Pamela Hayes… Sex and the Single Transsexual Intransitively and reflexively: to delight oneself with masturbatory handling or touching; to simulate manually or instrumentally a fuck; to rub erotically one’s penis; to rub erotically one’s vulve. You can break the rules about touching only your partner during mutual masturbation, and instead masturbate yourselves, showing each other. Sari Locker… The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Amazing Sex […] women who had masturbated were more likely to: (1) believe that other women masturbate frequently; (2) consider masturbation a pleasurable activity; (3) have greater numbers of sex partners, both in the previous three months and over their lifetimes; […] They were also much likely to report having been masturbated by a partner. W. Bockting – E. Coleman… Masturbation as a Means of Achieving Sexual Health Masturbating in front of a partner can be a really fun and sexy educational session. […] Once your lover learns your personal tricks, he or she will be much more able to please you. Sari Locker… Amazing Sex -)Syntax: with the preposition to + noun (which stands for the erotic inciter): He had seen a picture once. Some boys in his youth had shown him a French postcard of a woman with dark brown nipples and a triangle of hair between her legs and he had masturbated to this many times, to the woman slowly lying back and opening those legs, but he couldn’t really imagine more, for he knew not much. Nani Power… The Sea of Tears A young man was greatly troubled by an obsessive sexual fantasy –he found great (if not sole) sexual stimulation in imagining an attractive woman tied to stakes in the ground while tearfully trying to extricate herself. He had masturbated to this sadistic fantasy for a period of ten years. ɑrnold Lazarus… In the Mind’s Eye […] he glanced in his ɑunt Mary’s bedroom and saw her clad in these garments [corset and hosiery] when he was ten years old, and then continually masturbated to this image. Victoria Zdrok… The Anatomy of Pleasure I masturbated to this fantasy for years after wearing my mother's rubber apron at the same time. Nancy Friday… Men in Love Conjugates or derived words from masturbate: masturbational, masturbate, masturbatic, masturbator, masturbatory, masturbatorily. _masturbation_ Noun. Plural: masturbations. Pronunciation: mæst3;beISən. Etymology: from an assumed Latin masturbatio, the noun from a Latin verb masturbari (= to masturbate), which is of uncertain origin. It is etymologically and semantically identical to Spanish masturbación, French masturbation and Italian masturbazione. Definition: the action of masturbating someone or oneself; erotic manipulation that a woman makes on a vulva, whether her own or another’s (and/or other erogenic part, as anus, breast, etc.) or on a penis (and/or other erogenic part, as testicles, anus, etc.), and that a man makes on a penis, whether his own or another’s (and/or other erogenic part, as testicles, anus, etc.) or on a vulva (and/or other erogenic part, as anus, breast, etc.); hand touch of a vulva or a penis that one makes solitarily or in company and mutually, in order to eroticize oneself or to eroticize the masturbated; simulation of a coitus made manually, with the manipulation of a penile simulator (as a dildo), a vaginal one or a mouthed one (as a sucker), or by rubbing one’s penis or one’s vulve against any part of one’s body or someone else’s body. Conjugates or derived words from MASTURBATION: masturbational, masturbate, masturbatic, masturbator, masturbatory, masturbatorily. Another plus to mutual masturbation is that you get familiar with how your partner responds to your touch. You gain knowledge of your partner’s body and orgasms, while sharing an amazing sexual experience. Sari Locker… The Complete Idiot’s Guide… […] a nervous Polish boy of old family seduced at the age of 17 by a French governess, who during several months practised mutual masturbation with him. ɜ. L. ɜerber… Erotic Symbolism -)As an adjective: When you’re not in the mood for all-out intercourse, hand your lover a fleshlight. Hailed by countless men as the ultimate male masturbation toy, this soft, silky, penis sleeve replicates the feeling of a vagina. Danielle Cavallucci – Y. Fullbright… Your Orgasmic Pregnancy The door jingles and a troop of college girls come in laughing a little too loudly. Probably here for a gag gift. They push, and joke, and make a lot of noise, picking things up and giggling, as if trying very hard to show that this is funy […]. They come up to the counter with an inflatable sheep and a purple mouthshaped masturbation toy. ɛack Dunn… Hard _mince_ Verb. Etymology: Walter Skeat stated: “the word appears to be the same as French mincer”, and this one is maybe from Latin minūtia (= a small object), from minūtus (= minute, very small), preterite participle of minuere (= diminish). Pronunciation: mɪns. Preterite tense: minced (mɪnst); preterite participle: minced. Present participle: mincing. Transitively: 1. a. To cut or chop (an eatable thing) small, or in little pieces. Synonym: to hash. Translation: émincer, in French; desmenuzar, in Spanish; sminuzzare, in Italian. Skin and mince very fine the breast or white fleshy parts of a cold chicken. Christian ɛohnstone… The cook and housewife's manual At dinner she minced the food upon her plate, and crumbled her bread. Newton Crosland… Lydia Mince a bit of cold veal and six oysters, mixed with a few crumbs of bread, salt, pepper. Eliza Rundell… Domestic cookery… b. To chop small and cook (meat). Take the lean of any joint of cold roasted mutton, pare off the skin, and mince the meat with a little grated bacon and calf 's udder. Eliza Leslie… The Cook's Own Book Boil two calf's feet till very tender. When cold, mince the meat with suet, apples, currants and a little spice. The American Practical Cookery-book 2. Metaphorically: a. To lessen verbally the value of (something). Synonyms: to underrate, minimize. […] is not in the habit of mincing his phrases. ɛohn Dix… Pen and Ink Sketches […] he abhors mincing his opinions ɛames Hogg… Titan b. To tell palliatively, as if by chopping the expression, in order to disguise its enormity; to euphemize; --it is archaic. Synonyms: palliate, moderate. "Wonderful beings you men are," said Fulvia, mincing her words affectedly, "ever in search of danger […]" Henry Herbert… The Roman Traitor Luck was not one to mince his words when he had occasion to speak of disagreeable things. ɒ.M. ɒower… The Heritage of the Sioux -)To mince the matter, or to mince matters: to tell something palliatively; to moderate one’s words, in order to disguise its enormity. It is of no use to mince the matter. He had shown himself neither more nor less than a thief, a swindler. Henry Wood… The Shadow of Ashlydyat 3. Metaphorically: to utter mincingly; to pronounce pretentiously (one's words); -sometimes with the adverb out. She fancied she looked especially well and amiable, so soft, […] while mincing out her own “pretty speeches” Mary Clarke… The iron cousin “Had not I better send a friend?” Imlay minced out with affected unconcern. Fraser's Magazine, vol. 52 4. Metaphorically: to perform mincingly. “Don't be afraid, Harriet ; I'll go in the garden, and when I do, I'll walk so," putting her hands down close to her side as she spoke, and mincing her steps as if she was treading on something she was afraid of crushing. Jane McIntosh… Aunt Kitty's Tales In this attitude she advanced, brightening as she approached her mother, and mincing her steps with girlish sportiveness, till she came within a few paces of the bower. George Darley… The Labours of Idleness Intransitively: 1. a. To walk mincingly, or with ridiculous elegance. I'd seen girls mincing from the bar to the stage on grotesquely swollen feet. D. Cody… Candy Girl She minced along, in all her vanity, on her return to Mrs. Latimer's. Ellen Wood… East Lynne My companion stared at me and made no answer, while I minced along the pavement, meditating on her silence. Cornelia ɒradley… At Home and Abroad b. To speak mincingly, or with ridiculous elegance or demureness. Words derived from Latin minuere: minish, comminute, diminish, diminution, minuend, minuting, minuted, minutely, minuteness, minuter, minuterie, minutious, minute, minishing, comminuting, comminuted, comminution, comminutor, diminishable, diminishableness, diminished, diminisher, diminishing, diminishingly, diminishment, diminute, diminutival, diminutive, diminutively, diminutiveness, diminutize, undiminishable, undiminishableness, undiminished, undiminishing. Words derived from mince: mincing, mincingly. _misadventure_ Noun. Plural: misadventures. Pronunciation and accent: mɪsædv ntjʊər, -tʃə(r). Etymology: from Old French mesaventure, from mesavenir (= to happen badly), analysed into mes- (= mis) + avenir (= chance, to happen), from Latin advenire (= to come to), analysed into ad- + venire (= to come). Definition: bad fortune; a adverse chance that befalls a person or other animal. Synonyms: misfortune, mishap. Translation: mésaventure, in French; desventura, in Spanish; disavventura, in Italian. […] if you cannot conveniently tumble out of a balloon, or be swallowed up in an earthquake, or get stuck fast in a chimney, you will have to be contented with simply imagining some similar misadventure. Edgar Poe Having crossed the bridge, the two gentlemen pursued the high road to Chichester, and reached Racton late in the day, without misadventure. William ɑinsworth… Ovingdean Grange The cavalcade being then put in motion, took the road along the coast through Hove. […] In little more than half an hour the troop approached Shoreham, no misadventure or hindrance of any kind having occurred to them. William ɑinsworth… Ovingdean Grange With the assistance of the by-standers we contrived to launch our little bark without further misadventure than a rather heavier sprinkling of salt water than was agreeable. Frank Smedley… Frank Fairlegh We have been thinking and negotiating about taking lodgings in London lately, and this morning we left Leamington and reached London with no other misadventure than that of leaving the great bulk of our luggage behind us,—the van which we hired to take it to the railway station having broken down under its prodigious weight, in the middle of the street. Nathaniel Hawthorne… English Notebooks […] it was in vain that I begged her to be more composed and to tell me a plain, consecutive tale of her misadventures. Robert Stevenson… The works… -)By misadventure: by an unlucky accident. […] his death had been caused by misadventure. Thomas Hardy… A Changed Man and Other Tales -)-) Homicide or death by misadventure: homicide committed accidentally by someone, without any intention of hurt. […] a certificate of death by misadventure in falling from bed. ɒram Stoker… Dracula Words derived from the noun MISADVENTURE: misadventurer (rare), misadventurous, misadventurously. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin venire, see ADVENE. _misattribution_ Noun. Plural: misattributions. Accent: misattribution. Etymology: it is analysed into prefix mis-, with the value of amiss, + ATTRIBUTION. Derived word: misattributor. Definition: attribution of a work, act, etc. to the wrong person or to the wrong cause. […] it is the intentional misattribution of the work that is plagiarism, not necessarily the use of the work itself. Thomas Lang… How to Write… […] this assertion is based on the misattribution to Lovecraft of two letters, signed “ɑugustus Swift”. Robin Reid… Women in Science Fiction and Fantasy [The right] protects the author against the misattribution to the author of an altered work. Ysolde Gendreau… Property Paradigm English words derived from Latin tribuere: attributable, attributal, attribute (noun, verb), attributed, attributeless, attributer, attributing, attribution, attributive, attributive ly, attributiveness, unattributable, unattributively; contribute, contribuent, contributab le, contribution, contributional, contributive, contributively, contributiveness, contributor, contributorial, contributorship, contributory, distribute, distribuend, distributab le, distributary, distributed, distributing, distributedly, distributee, distributing, distributio n, distributional, distributionally, distributism, distributist, distributival, distributive, distributively, distributiveness, distributivity, distributor, distributorship, distributor y, distributress, undistributed, misdistribution, redistribute, redistribution, redistributive, redistributory, retribute, retributing, retribution, retributionist, retributive, retributive ly, retributor, retributory, retributress; tributable, tributary, tributarily, tributariness, tribute (noun, verb), tributed, tributing, tributor, tributorian. _misbecome_ Verb transitive. Preterite tense: misbecame; preterite participle: misbecome. Present participle: misbecoming. Pronunciation and accent: mIsbIkVm. Etymology: it is analysed into prefix mis-, prefix with the meaning “amiss, badly, wrongly”, and the verb BECOME. Derived from MISBECOME: misbecoming, misbecomingly, mesbecomingness. Definition: (the subject being a thing; the object of the verb being either a thing or a person) to fail to become; to suit ill; to be unsuitable or unbecoming to; not to befit; not to be in harmony with, as if in disagreement; not to be decent to. Synonyms: mis-seem, misbeseem, unbefit, unsuit. Translation: disconvenir (transitive verb), in French; desconvenir a (intransitive verb), in Spanish; disconvenire a (intransitive verb), in Italian. At length Mrs. Ellison arrived, and entered the room with an air of gaiety rather misbecoming the occasion. Henry Fielding… Amelia She was lovelier, fairer, and whiter than a lily or than snow upon a branch; but her eyebrows were joined, which somewhat misbecame her. She had very beautiful eyes, and was very eloquent and well-mannered. ɒarry Windeatt… Troilus and Criseyde She don’t look as well as she should, or may be it is the crape bonnet that misbecomes her pretty face. Holme Lee… Against Wind and Tide He declined no drudgery […] provided only that it were such drudgery as did not misbecome an honest man. Thomas Macaulay… The History of England -)The subject is impersonal with the pronoun it: Lady Charlotte was a very sensible, grave young lady, and lady Harriet was extremely gay and coquettish; but Mr. Camply tells her how much it misbecomes her to be so and she having good sense, as well as good nature, is convinced of her folly, and likes him so well for his reproof, that she consents to marry him. Sarah Fielding… The Governess I thought it misbecame me any longer to receive great emoluments from a country, whose service I could not, and if I could, I should not be suffered to promote. The Monthly Review, edited by George Griffiths English words derived from, or composed with, come: become, becoming (noun, adj.), becomingly, becomingness, come (verb), come (noun), come-back, come-between, come-down, come-in, comer, coming (noun, adj.), downcome, down-comer, downcoming (noun, adj.), newcome, new-comer, offcome, offcomed, offcomer, income, incomed, incomeless, incomer, incoming (noun, adj.), oncome, on-coming (noun, adj.), oncomer, outcome, oucoming, overcome, overcomer, overcoming (noun, adj.), overcomingly, upcome, upcoming (adj. noun), unbecome, unbecoming (noun, adj.), unbecomingly, unbecomingness, welcome (noun, int., adj., verb), welcomed, welcomeless, welcomely, welcomeness, welcomer, welcoming (noun, adj.), welcomingly, unwelcome (noun, adj., verb), unwelcomed, unwelcomeness, unwelcoming, unwelcomely; forecome, forecoming, forecomingness; illcome. _misbehave_ Verb. Etymology: it is analysable into mis-, prefix with the meaning “amiss, badly, wrongly”, and BEHAVE, which is analysable into be-, intensive prefix, and HAVE. Preterite tense: misbehaved. Preterite participle : misbehaved. Present participle: misbehaving. Reflexively: to behave ill; to conduct oneself in a reprehensible manner. She was aware that she had misbehaved herself in insulting him. Anthony Trollope… Cousin Henry Intransitiively: to behave ill; to conduct oneself in a reprehensible manner. Translation: comportarse mal, in Spanish; se conduire mal, in French; comportarsi male, in Italian. The boys did not miss the smallest feats of any performance, and they enjoyed them every one, not equally, but fully. They had their preferences, of course, as I have hinted; and one of the most popular acts was that where a horse has been trained to misbehave, so that nobody can mount him. William Howells… Boy Life If my sister, returned she, should ever misbehave to her benefactor, I will deny my relation to her. Samuel Richardson… The Novels… The dog Toby, a small grizzled cur with a white face, misbehaved on this occasion, attacking Pick, Julius's cat, who had followed his master into the room. Edward Hamley… Lady Lee’s Widowhood Derived from MISBEHAVE: misbehaviour, misbehaving, misbehaved. Derived from HAVE: behaviour, behaved, behaving, behavioural, behaviourally, having. _miscellaneous_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: mɪsəleɪnɪəs. Etymology: from Latin miscellāneus (= mixed, miscellaneous), from miscellus (= mixed), from miscere (= to mix). 1. a. With a singular noun: consisting of different things, elements, subjects, etc. b. With a plural noun: of various kinds. Synonyms: promiscuous; heterogeneous, various. Translation: mélangé, in French; misceláneo, in Spanish; miscellaneo, in Italian. Antonym: monothematic. My head groveled in the ashes of an extinguished fire, while my feet reposed upon the wreck of a small table, overthrown, and amid the fragments of a miscellaneous dessert, intermingled with a newspaper, some broken glasses and shattered bottles, and an empty jug of the Schiedam Kirschenwässer. Edgar Poe […] the chief merit of the Magazine lies in its miscellaneous articles Edgar Poe […] a large store of miscellaneous learning and acquired knowledge. Museum of Foreign Literature […] the miscellaneous properties of the animal. ɛohn Mill… A System of Logic. It makes me shudder now to think of the mixed liquids and miscellaneous cakes we had consumed at that unwonted hour. ɛohn Symonds… New Italian sketches The letters differ from one another as widely in value as might naturally be expected in so large and miscellaneous a collection. William Prescott… Philip the Second My second boy […] received a […] miscellaneous education at home. Oliver Goldsmith… The miscellaneous works 2. Rare: of a person: interested in, or treating, various subjects; as, a miscellaneous writer. English words derived from Latin miscere, see ADMIXTURE. Words derived from MISCELANEOUS: miscellaneity, miscellaneousness, miscellaneously, miscellanist. _misreckon_ Verb. Third-person singular simple present: she/he misreckons. Preterite tense, preterite participle: misreckoned. Present participle: misreckoning. Etymology: it is analysed into mis- (prefix with the meaning “amiss, badly, wrongly”) + RECKON. Transitively: a. To reckon or calculate amiss (a quantity); this is, to compute incorrectly. b. To reckon amiss the quantity of; to make a wrong estimate in respect of the number of. Translation: contar mal, in Spanish; compter à tort, in French; contare erroneamente, in Italian Synonyms: miscalculate, miscount. […] you have misreckoned the height of the sun. Henry Wadsworth… Life of Henry… He had the art besides to misreckon men in their accounts, whether by weight or measure or money. James Froude… Bunyan It was not until after we had entered the cabin of Kantos Kan that I thought to ask the date, for up to now I was not positive how long I had lain in the pits of Zat Arrras. When Kantos Kan told me, I realized with a pang of dismay that I had misreckoned the time while I lay in the utter darkness of my cell. Edgar ɒurroughs… The Gods of Mars […] in her topographical ignorance as a late comer to the place, she misreckoned the distance of her journey as not much more than half what it really was. Thomas Hardy… Far from the madding crowd Intransitively: to commit a misreckoning; to make a miscalculation. From the above account, if the author of it has not misreckoned, it seems evident that the great east window has been altered since he wrote the description, though perhaps he may have been as inaccurate in that article, as in the estimation of his steppys, when he says twenty-four of them make twelve yards, and fifty yards make only eighty- five of his paces or steps. Charles Heath… Monmouthshire […] although I have a little misreckoned in time, yet I was not deceived in my end. Thomas May… The history of the Parliament… -)Passively: These stones are mentioned by Camden, who was either misinformed as to their number, or misreckoned. The Atheneum, vol. 12 Other English words derived from reckon: over-reckon, reckonable, reckonability, reckoned, reckoner, reckoning, misreckoning. _Mistime_ Verb Pronunciation and accent: mIstaIm Third-person singular simple present: mistimes Preterite tense, Preterite participle: mistimed Present participle: mistiming. Etymology: it is a compound of mis- (prefix equivalent to amiss, badly, wrongly) and the verb time. Transitively: Not to time properly; to time wrongly: a. To indicate wrongly the time of (something done); to fail to ascertain the correct duration of (an action); to miss of reckoning (a month, a day, a year, etc.); to miscalculate the time of. Approximate synonyms: to parachronize, anachronize Equivalent periphrases in other idioms: se tromper dans le compte du temps de (quelque chose), dater mal, in French; datar mal, in Spanish; datare male, in Italian. Unfortunately I had mistimed the length of the interval, and Tony and I were still drinking pints of beer in the King George when the curtain rose. Richard Gordon (Doctor in Love) Unfortunately the value obtained from the Rodrigues recording was discrepant when compared to the relatively nearby Cape, and Short thought that Mason and Dixon, […] has mistimed the event by precisely one minute. Duncan Steel (Eclipse) A few details from a traumatic event of childhood may be factually wrong because the child initially misperceived or mistimed the sequence of what happened. Margaret E. Hertzig (ɑnnual Progress in Child Psychiatry…) Although she and her team have correctly predicted the timing of the mass spawn for years, there’s always the chance that the corals won’t do what everyone is expecting. Knowlton might have mistimed the event, which would be an expensive mistake. Alanna Mitchell (Seasick) Rowley's chronicle drama abounds in anachronisms. The probable facts […] are only mistimed. John Doran (The History of Court Fools) A colored brother of Massachusetts birth, as black as a man can well be, and of a merely anthropoidal profile, was driving me along shore in search of a sea-side hotel when we came upon a weak-minded young chicken in the road. The natural expectation is that any chicken in these circumstances will wait for your vehicle, and then fly up before it with a loud screech; but this chicken may have been overcome by the heat (it was a land breeze and it drew like the breath of a furnace over the hay-cocks and the clover), or it may have mistimed the wheel. William Dean Howells (Short Stories and Essays) -) Also used absolutely: Ocean navigations were still controlled by calculations based on the position of the sun, moon and stars. This inaccurate method invariably produced navigation errors because every minute lost by mistiming could put a ship as much as 15 kilometres off course. Roy Navrala (The Clock) b. To do or perform untimely or inopportunely; to say or do (something) at an unsuitab le time. An unintended pregnancy is a pregnancy that is either mistimed (the woman did not want to be pregnant until later) or unwanted (the woman did not want to be pregnant at any time) at the time of conception. James F. McKenzie – R. R. Pinger (An Introduction to Community Health) English vocables derived from, or compounded with, time: mistimed, mistiming, overtime (noun, verb, adv.), over-timer, aforetime, bedtime, beforetime, by-time, flexitime, foretime, foretimed, full-timer, half-timer, heretoforetime, meal-time, meantime, midtime, night-time, noon-time, no-time, off-time, old-timey, old-time, oldtimer, old-timiness, pastime (noun, verb), playtime, prime-time, ragtime, ragtimer, ragtimey, ragtimy, ragtiming, seed-time, sometimes, sometime, timeous, time (noun, verb), time-ball, time-bargain, timed, timeful, timefully, time-honoured, timekeeper, timekeepership, time-keeping, timeless, timelessly, timelessness, time-like, time-limit, timeliness, timely (adj., adv.), timeously, timepiece, timer, time-server, time-service, time-serving (noun, adj.), time-servingness, time-sharing, time-share (noun, verb), timeshared, time-sharer, time-space (noun, adj.), time-table (noun, verb), time-tabled, time- tabling, timeward, timing, timist, aftertime, anytime, double-time (noun, verb), downtime, life-time, longtimer, microtime, overtime (noun, adv., verb), over-timer, part-time, part-timer, shortime, short-timer, small-timer, springtime, summertime, suppertime, wintertime. _mistrust_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: mIstrVst. Etymology: it is analysable into mis- (prefix with negative implication) and trust. Third-person singular simple present: she/he mistrusts. Preterite tense, preterite participle: mistrusted. Present participle: mistrusting. Transitively: 1. Not to trust, to think suspect, to have no confidence in (a person). Antonyms: to trust, overtrust, confide in. Synonyms: to distrust, diffide in. Translation: méfier, in French; desconfiar de, in Spanish; diffidare di, in Italian. I mistrust a flatterer. Frederick Robinson… The house of Elmore Mr. Fitzpatrick, particularly, knows I have no reason to mistrust Mr. Garrick, nor does he entertain the least doubt of your good wishes for me. The private correspondence of David Garrick […] if I were to stay in the Lower House and speak for what I have before opposed, I should forfeit the support of a great portion of my own party. Hated by one body, and mistrusted by the other, a seat in the House of Commons ceases to be an object. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Paul Clifford Being an American, he was mistrusted by the Mexican authorities. Clarence Wharton… The republic of Texas "I am sorry I have offended you!" said Mrs. Maroney quickly. "Please forgive me! I am so nervous that for a time I mistrusted even you and thought you had gone for a policeman or a detective; let's have dinner and go." ɑllan Pinkerton… The Expressman and the Detective The more he felt himself uncomprehended and mistrusted by his countrymen, the more personal became the character, and the more unscrupulous the course, of his ambition. Lord Lytton… Pausanias -)Reciprocally: Suppose that the people of Europe, instead of mistrusting each other, entertaining jealousy of each other, hating each other, become fast friends. Henry Lee… The Lee readers […] the two groups mistrusted each other. ɛohn Vernon… The Last Canyon There was a restraint and lack of spontaneity about their conversation of which both were acutely conscious. […] It had come with the entry of death. They conversed hurriedly and guardedly, as if they mistrusted each other. ɑrthur Rees… The Hand in the Dark -)-)Reflexively: to have no confidence in oneself; to be unassured of one’s own power, ability, etc. I hate London […]. I never could feel at home there. I mistrusted myself and every one else, and never knew what true happiness was, until I returned to the unaffected simplicity of a country life. Susanna Moodie (Geoffrey Mocton) One moment she mistrusted herself; the next she was reassured. Who can tell but that on leaving for Paris she had the secret hope of again meeting Bancal? The Knickerbocker [Rotrou] once received two or three hundred louis, and mistrusting himself, went and hid them under some vine-branches, in order not to gamble all away at once. Andrew Steinmetz (The gaming table) Sally had looked at him, wondering and in amazement; but she had said nothing, mistrusting herself to speak. Ernest Thurston (Sally Bishop) Second definition: not to trust (a thing); this is, to have no confidence in, or to be unassured of (something); doubt the goodness of (it) Antonyms: to trust, overtrust, confide in Synonyms: to distrust, diffide in; have doubt about Translation:méfier, in French; desconfiar de, in Spanish; diffidare di, in Italian Slowly, and with increased difficulty, the foremost of the body-guard made their way through the jungul, breaking down a passage for their chief; but as they fell frequently into concealed ravines, and swamps, and blackened water-courses, by neglecting or mistrusting the directions of the guide, […]. Thomas Bacon (The Oriental annual) It was pretty clear that he regretted his late outbreak, and that he mistrusted its effect on Mr Pecksniff; for as often as that gentleman glanced towards Mr Jonas, he found Mr Jonas glancing at him, which was a new source of embarrassment. Charles Dickens (Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit) That interesting personage stood in the midst; in one hand he held a colonial hat, ingeniously fabricated from the skin of a kangaroo, with the hairy side outwards; and in the other he upheld the mysterious letter; peering into it with curious eye, and with an odd expression of countenance, as if he half doubted and half mistrusted the contents of the epistle. Charles Rowcroft (Tales of the Colonies) […] they mistrust their own merit. Samuel Richardson (Clarissa) With a sad shake of the head, as if she mistrusted my attempt to reassure her, she quitted the room, whilst I obeyed Ellis's instructions by preparing the bed. Frank E. Smedley (Frank Fairlegh) It was further agreed that he should not present himself to Mr. Sleary, lest his intentions should be mistrusted […]. Charles Dickens (Hard Times) […] I shall mistrust my memory. Samuel Richardson (Pamela) I therefore mistrust the genuineness of the signature. If not forged, it has been obtained by fraud or misrepresentation. William Harrison Ainsworth (The Star-Chamber) Obsolete use: to suspect the existence, or the occurrence, of (something) while being distrustful of something or someone relative to it; surmise The saloon-keeper evidently mistrusted some danger to Duncan, from the detective's inquiries, and Manning was inclined to believe that the fugitive had stopped there during his stay in Bozeman, and that the proprietor of the saloon had attempted to deceive him and turn him off from the tracks of the unfortunate burglar. ɑllan Pinkerton (The ɒurglar's … and the Detectives) It was exactly because he had his staff, and presented so quaint an aspect, that she mistrusted his making the journey. Charles Dickens (Our Mutual Friend) […] he, not mistrusting their plot, bought them what they wanted. Robert Kerr (A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels) -) The object of the verb was a clause: […] he neither knew or mistrusted that, with all this wealth, I was yet a whore. Daniel Defoe (Novels and miscellaneous works) Nicholas White learned from Harry ɜnollys, […] among other details of Mary’s reluctance to be transported from Bolton to Tutbury Castle, that she had angrily exclaimed “that the Secretary Cecil was her enemy, and that she mistrusted by this removing that he would cause her to be made away with […]” Agnes Strickland (Lives of the queens of Scotland) Intransitively: Definition: to feel distrust; to be unassured, or without confidence Other English words composed with, or derived from, trust: mistruster, mistrustf ul, mistrust (noun), mistrustfully, mistrustfulness, mistrusting, mistrustingly, mistrustless, distrust (noun, verb), distrusted, distrusting, distruster, distrustful, distrustfully, distrustfulness, entrust, entrusted, entrusting, entrustment, untrustable, untrusted, untrustful, untrusting, untrustworthiness, untrustworthy, untrusty, trustworthy, trustworthily, trustworthiness, trusty, trust (verb, noun), trusted, trustedly, trustable, trustee (verb, noun), trusteed, trusteeing, trusteeship, truster, trustful, trustfully, trustfulness, trustify, trustified, trustification, trustihood, trustily, trustiness, trusting, trustingly, trustingness, trustless, trustlessness _miswrite_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: mɪsraɪt. Etymology: it is the verb WRITE, to which mis- (amiss, badly, wrongly) is prefixed. Third-person singular simple present: miswrites. Preterite tense: miswrote. Preterite participle : miswritten. Present participle: miswritting. Transitively: to write amiss or incorrectly; to commit a mistake in writing (a letter, a word, a sign, etc.). Translation: escribir mal, in Spanish; écrire mal, in French; scrivere male, in Italian. […] who miswrote his own name in signing it. The life… of Oliver Goldsmith [¶] The paragraph sign is both a mark of emphasis and the sixth of the reference marks. It is actually “P” reversed (left for right, and white for black) to distinguis h it from that character. Clemens, however, commonly miswrote it as a “P”. Mark Twain… Letters Numbers may […], not only be misread but miswritten. ɛohn Milsom… Field Geophysics -)Absolutely, with no direct object: My lady, either the king miswrote or you misread. Norah Lofts… The Concubine English words derived from, or compounded with, write: writ (noun, verb), writ-charter, writ-proof, writ-reader, writ-reading, writability, writable, writative, write (noun, verb), writeable, write-back, write-down, writee, write-in, write-off, writer, writeress, writerling, writerly, writership, write-up, writing, writing-board, writing-book, writingbox, writing-desk, writing- master, writing-paper, writing-pen, writing-table, writter, unwritten, unwrite, unwriteable, unwriting, fore-write, fore-written, handwrite (noun, verb), handwriting, bewrite, penwrite, rewrite (noun, verb), rewriter, rewriting, underwrite, underwriting, underwriter, underwriting, underwritten. _mood_ Noun. Pronunciation: muːd. Plural: moods. Etymology: from Anglo-Saxon mod (= mind). 1. Mind, thought; --it is now obsolete. 2. a. A state of mind, with respect either to attitude or feeling. Synonyms: temper, humor. Translation: humeur, in French; humor, in Spanish; umore, in Italian. Half an hour later he was riding homeward in a mood quite novel to his experience. He pushed his horse to a keen trot, as if by fierceness of motion to keep pace with the fiery influence that was kindling all his nerves. Francis Parkman… Vassall Morton One day he paced his cell in a mood of more than usual depression. Francis Parkman… Vassall Morton And leaving the hotel, he walked up the crowded sidewalk of Broadway, in a mood any thing but tranquil. Francis Parkman… Vassall Morton Morton walked the street, on the next day, in a mood less grave than had lately been his wont, but in one of any thing but self-approval. Francis Parkman… Vassall Morton But the music changed, and her mood changed with it. ɒ. M. ɒower… Jean of the Lazy A Gray came into the kitchen after a while to warm himself over the stove. He was still a little bit unsteady on his feet, and his head felt queer; but he assumed a certain gayety and insisted upon bearing an awkward hand with the cooking and the dishes. He had never seen Allie as she was now, nor in a mood to compare with this, and for the first time he realized how fully she had developed. Rex ɒeach… Flowing Gold Being in an artistic mood, he was greatly attracted by these old-fashioned structures and felt quite an unreasoning desire to enter them. ɑnna Green… A matter of millions Marsha was in a talkative mood. ɒryan Smillie… A Time for Evron He procured from Paris no less than nine large-paper copies of the first edition, and had them bound in different colours, so that they might suit his various moods. Oscar Wilde… The Picture of Dorian Gray Her alternate moods of melancholy and of mirth. Edgar Poe b. A state of mind suitable for doing something; --found in the phrases “in a mood for”, “in a mood to”, and “in no mood to”, where the word “suitable” is understood as omitted. She sat on the ledge of the stove, resting her feet on the lower ledge, bending towards her audience with the light of a little tin lamp thrown upon her. Always when she was in a mood for story-telling she took up this position. Maxim Gorky… My childhood We slept in our tents pretty soundly, and when the dragoman roused us at six o'clock, we were not in a mood for getting up. We rose however, and took our breakfast without delay. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world I was in no mood to laugh and talk with strangers. Mary Shelley… Frankenstein He was in a mood for talk. ɑrthur Doyle… Sir Nigel Straight he went there, and when he came within the gate he paused, considering whether he should ask at the lodge for some direction to the grave. But he was less than ever in a mood for asking questions, and he thought, “I shall see something on it to know it by.” Charles Dickens… Somebody's Luggage Mr. Thornton was annoyed more than he ought to have been at all that Mr. Bell was saying. He was not in a mood for joking. Elizabeth Gaskell… North and South c. In plural: morose state of mind. Words derived from mood: moody, moodily, moodiness. _mope_ Verb. Pronunciation: məʊp. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense, preterite participle: moped (məʊpt). Present participle: moping. Present third person singular: she/he mopes. Intransitively: 1. (Obsolete acceptation) to be in a state of unconsciousness, stupidity or inattentiveness; to act as if unsouled. 2. To be in a state of uninterestedness, dullness, and listlessness; to be as if inert, stupefied or unsouled because of uneventfulness, uninterest or discontentedness; act uncheerfully or sadly; to remain in motionlessness for lack of something inciting. Antonyms: to perk, exult, disport oneself, disport. Translation: estar desanimado, in Spanish; être découragé (ou démotivé), in French; stare scoraggiato, in Italian. The door stood partly open; but the locksmith' s hammer was unheard; the cat sat moping on the ashy forge; all was deserted, dark, and silent. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge He knew that he idled and moped. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit She had been with us about three months. There was mystery about her, like a former servant of my mother's, she scarcely ever wanted to go out. At times we heard her singing, at others sobbing, and it used to be remarked that she was moping. Walter… My Secret Life “David,” said Mr. Murdstone, “to the young this is a world for action; not for moping and droning in.” Charles Dickens… David Copperfield I know he doesn't go to bed, because my room is the next one, and when I went upstairs last Tuesday, hours after him, I found that he had not even taken his shoes off; and he had no candle, so he must have sat moping in the dark all the time. Charles Dickens… Nicholas Nickleby We insensibly approached the old boat, and entered. Mrs. Gummidge, no longer moping in her especial corner, was busy preparing breakfast. Charles Dickens… David Copperfield […] a stranger had come to the port. He had seen her moping on the quay, had been attracted by her youth and loneliness […] Thomas Hardy… A Changed Man and other Tales Transitively: 1. To be moping during (a certain time) Postdefinition: it is construed with away, as if time were an animal thing that goes away from us. We were all in the backyard, moping away the afternoon, when I felt the need to use the bathroom. Stan Evans… Box of Mustaches Uncle Gerald came into my room. “Come, daughter,” he said, in a tone whose cheerfulness was assumed for my sake, “we’re not going to let you sit here, moping away all the summer, after this fashion. Just hurry on your bonnet, and take a ride with me.” Virginia Townsend… While it was Morning She wished she had been on a tour –and seeing lions, she said, instead of moping away the whole two weeks at her aunt’s. Mrs. Henry Wood… Helen Whitney’s Wedding 2. To cause (a person or another animal) to mope; to make dull or listless. Postdefinition: it is more usual in the reflexive mode. The viscountess […] urged her not to mope herself at home. ɛane West… A Tale of the Times "My lady used to love the sport well enough," said Raoul; "but […] she is moped and mazed ever since her father's death, and lives in her fair castle like a nun in a cloister, without disport or revelry of any kind. Walter Scott… The Betrothed -)With a prepositional extension with into or with a predicate: His wife […] has moped herself into something – it is not consumption, I believe; but she is dying. The New Monthly Magazine She has moped herself pale and thin enough lately, and has been pining after her precious aunt. William Chambers – Robert Chambers… Chambers’s Journal 3. To shut up (a person or another animal) in a place so as to mope him. [Nightshade] protested against being “moped up,” and made ɛeremiah go along with her to balls, plays, concerts, and other places of amusement. Parterre of Poetry and Historical Romance The child shouldn't be moped up here, all winter! Adeline Whitney… Faith Gartney's Girlhood Derived words from the verb MOPE: mope (noun), moped, mopeful, moper, mopery, mopiness, moping (noun, adj.), mopingly, mopish, mopishly, mopishness, mopy. _molt_, or _moult_ Verb. Pronunciation: məʊlt. Etymology: from Middle English mouten, and this one from Latin mutare (= to change). Preterite tense, preterite participle: moulted or molted Present participle: moulting or molting Intransitively: a. (Of a bird) to experience the moult; to shed its feathers, as part of a process of renewing them. b. (Of any other animal) to shed its hair, horns, outer layer of the skin, or the like, as part of a process of renewing them. Translation: mudar, in Spanish; muer, in French; mutare, in Italian. The Mocking Bird is nine and a half inches long, and thirteen in breadth. Some individuals are, however, larger, and some smaller, those of the first hatch being uniformly the biggest and stoutest. The upper parts of the head, neck, and back, are a dark, brownish ash, and when new moulted, a fine light gray. Alexander Wilson (American ornithology) Catherine's garden still flourishes, though it is long since the birds which she there fed moulted for the last time. Johann Kohl (Russia and the Russians) The robin loses nearly all the characteristic color from its breast in the summer, when it moults, and only recovers it on the approach of autumn. John Leonard Knapp (The Journal of a Naturalist) The ptarmigan, for instance, moults twice or even thrice in the year, and the black-cock only once. Charles Darwin (The Descent of Man) It is observed, that those horses who are kept in warm stables, and well fed, moult early in the spring; those that run abroad at grass moult much later. But, if the former should be exposed to cold winds or rain for any length of time together, by being turned out to pasture, or from their being in any shape exposed to cold weather, after they have once moulted, or cast their winter coat, that their hair will then grow thicker and longer. ɛames Clark (… prevention of diseases incidental to horses) Like other Crustacea, it is probable that the crab moults once a year in its younger days. Thomas Phipson (The utilization of minute life) Transitively: a. (Of a bird) to shed (feathers), as part of a process of renewing them. b. (Of any other animal) to shed (hair, horns, outer layer of the skin, or the like) as part of a process of renewing them; to renew by molting Translation:mudar, in Spanish; muer, in French; mutare, in Italian. Synonym: to mew Mr Edwards saw two of these birds alive in London, in cages; the person in whose custody they were, said they came from Norway; that they had moulted their feathers, and were not afterwards so beautiful as they were at first. Alexander Wilson (American ornithology) The ermine, as was said, is remarkable among these for the softness, the closeness, and the warmth of its fur. It is brown in summer, like the weasel, and changes colour before the winter is begun, becoming a beautiful cream colour, all except the tip of the tail, as was said before, which still continues black. Mr. Daubenton had one of these brought him with its white winter fur, which he put into a cage and kept, in order to observe the manner of moulting its hair. Oliver Goldsmith (An history of the earth) […] the snake moults its skin. Barry Walker, Huw Lloyd (Peruvian Wildlife) Words derived from Latin mutare: mew (verb), moult (noun), commute, muta, mutual, mutual, permute, remuda, transmute, transmuting, transmutability, transmutab le, transmutably, transmutableness, transmutant, transmutation, transmutatio na l, transmutative, transmuter, transmuted, permuter, permutable, permutability, permutableness, permutably, permutant, permutate, permutation, permutatio na l, permutatory, permutatorial, permuted, commuted, commuting, commuter, commute (noun), commutual, commutuality, mutable, mutability, mutably, mutableness, mutant, mutate, mutated, mutating, mutation, mutational, mutationally, mutative, mutator, mutatory _Niggard_ Noun and adjective Pronunciation and accent: nIgəd Etymology: of uncertain origin. As a noun (plural: niggards): First definition: a person who grudges spending or giving something, or who is parsimonious, by stinting himself or someone else of something; someone who scrimps. Antonyms: prodigal, waster Synonyms: miser, churlish, curmudgeon, stinter Translation:tacaño, in Spanish; gretto, in Italian; avare, in French. I have so filled my paper with an account of our visit to these niggards, that I have scarcely room to add how truly I am […] Mary Ann Grant (Sketches of life and manners) I must get money from these niggards by some means. Louisa Stuart Costello (The queen’s poisoner) […] these niggards in science, who are incapable of appropriating the monies they receive except to their own pockets. The lancet London, vol. 2 […] the charitable of yesterday became the niggards of to-day. Letitia Elizabeth Landon (Lady Anne Granard) -) It may be construed with the preposition of, followed by a noun designative of what is grudged or reserved: The direction was kept by compass, many of the men having been supplied with a miniature instrument by the prudent foresight of Mrs. Lanview, who was niggard of neither time nor money in the cause she had at heart. Henry Francis Keenan (The Iron Game) [My uncle] was ever a niggard of his ducats to me. James Grant (Adventures of an Aide-de-camp) Second definition: a person who grudges himself or to someone else something incorporeal (an act, favour, etc.) -) It may be construed with the preposition of, followed by a noun designative of what is grudged or reserved: He was a niggard of that exercise that might have secured his life. William Betham (The baronetage of England) He welcomed her with a glad embrace; for of late she had been rather a niggard of her presence, and had taught her husband to value her smiles, by making them more rare. George Payne Rainsford James (A book of the passions) […] if I entertained any doubts of his merits, they would have been removed by the high terms in which I have heard his name mentioned by one who is a niggard of praise. William Cooke Taylor (Notes of a tour… ) [I] waited early the next morning upon Mr. Bennett —a sour, hard-grained, wiry fellow, and about as great a niggard of his words as he was by reputation of his money. William Russell (Recollections of a detective police-officer) […] the Governor was no less a niggard of his attentions than the rest of his countryme n. James Holman (A Voyage Round the World) As an adjective: First definition: who grudges spending or giving something, or who is parsimonious, by stinting himself or someone else of something. Antonyms: generous, liberal, munificent, lavish Synonyms: miserly, parsimonious, niggardly, penurious, chinchy, unlavish, scrimpy, scrimping, illiberal Translation:tacaño, in Spanish; gretto, in Italian; avare, in French. He had the best of wine; kept an excellent table; was himself no niggard host. William Harrison Ainsworth (Rookwood) […] although his niggard father refused him the sum necessary for the expense of his journey, the young prince proceeded so expeditiously in his suit, that on the day after his arrival at Ghent the nuptials were celebrated. Edward Smedley (The history of France) -) It may be construed with the preposition of, followed by a noun designative of what is grudged or reserved: For sixty miles I never could extract from him aught more extensive than a monosyllab le; and throughout the journey, the beer-swilling beast was niggard of speech. ɒentley’s miscellany, vol. 18 [Richard] had a household consisting of ten thousand persons, of whom three hundred were cooks. The expenses of his table were defrayed by Parliament; and when Parliame nt was niggard of supplies, he sent out his purveyors, and collected provisions and money as if in an enemy’s land. James White (History of England) […] we should not be niggard of reasonable expense. George Campbell (India as it may be) Nor shall we ever be niggard of good wishes when we think and speak of you, dear readers. The Edinburgh literary journal, vol. 1 They were not to be niggard of the means, nor yet lavish of expense. The Universal magazine, vol. 99 […] the patriarchs of old scorned to be niggard of their liquor; thus they showed their liberality. Flit Pseud (The memoirs of Davy Dreamy) I have never been disposed to be niggard of cheerfulness; for it has always seemed to me that one of the duties of a writer is to supply solace […] James Runciman (Side Lights) Do not let us be niggard of pleasures which we cannot share. The Edinburgh tales, vol. 3 Second definition: given or spent either in a grudging manner, or in order to scrimp; resulting from niggardliness Synonyms: scanty, unlavish, niggardly, ungenerous Antonyms: munificent, generous, lavish The old man soon discovered his daughter's marriage. As it had been contracted without his consent, his ire was great –more especially as Hausen, guessing his wealth, asked for Kitty's portion, as means of returning to Germany and establishing himself there as a manufacturer. But it was only after much persuasion from Sarah that the old man doled out a few niggard pounds like so many drops of his blood. The People’s ɛournal, edited by ɛohn Saunders “Tell him his soul lives in an alley,” said ɒen ɛonson, when Charles I sent him a niggard gift. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (Rambles in Germany…) [He], more to prevent the hue and cry which he knew would follow any breach thereof, than from kindliness or a sense of hospitality, had had a niggard amount of viands prepared –and these were set forth for the little company upon its return. Eliza Meteyard (Mainstone’s housekeeper) Morning and evening we were brought a niggard allowance of bread and water; but the man who carried it bore no light, and may not even have observed their absence. Mary Johnston (To Have and To Hold) Third definition: (of an action) done as if by scrimping or in a grudging manner; little. […] with niggard care. The Dublin University magazine, vol. 36 Fourth definition: (warning: this is abusive, and not to be followed) of a space and quantity: narrow, small, little, etc. He had only been enabled to discover, in the niggard strata of the lands within range of his travel, a few scanty morsels of the glorious substance. Edward Bulwer-Lytton (A Strange Story) […] can it be that men are daily mingling with their food, in no niggard amount, what is as truly poisonous as the prussic acid, copper, or lead —taking little note of its evil effects, and taking no means to remove the adulteration? James Miller (Alcohol: its place and power) Other English vocables derived from niggard: niggardize, niggardliness, niggardly (adj., adv.), niggardness _Niggardly_ Adjective Pronunciation and accent: nIgədlI Etymology: derived from niggard, with the suffix -ly. First definition: who grudges spending or giving something, or who is parsimonious, by stinting himself or someone else of something Antonyms: generous, liberal, munificent, lavish, spendthrift, prodigal, wasteful, profuse, stinting, frugal Synonyms: miserly, parsimonious, niggard, penurious, chinchy, unlavish, scrimpy, scrimping, illiberal, unfrugal Translation:tacaño, in Spanish; gretto, in Italian; avare, in French. There is another kind of couple who coddle themselves, and who do so at a cheaper rate and on more spare diet, because they are niggardly and parsimonious; for which reason they are kind enough to coddle their visitors too. Charles Dickens (Sketches by Boz) It was then surmised that the old man lived entirely by himself, being too niggardly to pay for any assistance. Frederick Marryat (The Phantom Ship) Mr. Saunders Fairford, […], was a man of business of the old school, moderate in his charges, economical and even niggardly in his expenditure, strictly honest in conducting his own affairs and those of his clients. Walter Scott (Redgauntlet) James ordered an estimate to be made of the cost of such a procession, and found that it would amount to about half as much as he proposed to expend in covering his wife with trinkets. He accordingly determined to be profuse where he ought to have been frugal, and niggardly where he might pardonably have been profuse. Thomas Babington Macaulay (The History of England) It seemed insupportable that a sovereign, profuse beyond example in all that regarded his own pleasures, should be niggardly in all that regarded the safety and honour of the state. Thomas Babington Macaulay (The History of England) They are most importunate beggars, and covetous possessors, and most niggardly givers; and they consider the slaughter of other people as nothing. Robert Kerr (A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels) This hoard, whatever may have been its precise extent, was too great to be formed by frugality, even under the penurious and niggardly Henry. James Mackintosh (The history of England) […] they made us wait a long while, continually begging our bread to give to their children; and they admired and coveted every thing they saw about our servants, as their knives, gloves, purses, and points. But when we excused ourselves from their importunity, alleging that we had a long journey before us, and must not give away those things which were necessary for ourselves, they reviled me as a niggard; and though they took nothing by force, they were exceedingly impudent, and importunate in begging, to have every thing they saw. Robert Kerr (A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels) -) It may be construed with the preposition of, followed by a noun designative of what is grudged or reserved: […] we were, indeed, by the captain's orders, somewhat niggardly of firewood. Robert Louis Stevenson (Treasure Island) The Indians, never niggardly of food, brought them supplies as long as their own lasted; but the harvest was not yet ripe, and their means did not match their good-will. Francis Parkman (Pioneers of France in the New World) Elizabeth […] was niggardly of her money […]. She, therefore, declined in the meantime to send the supplies of money and soldiers which Moray and his associates so earnestly requested. James Taylor (The pictorial history of Scotland) Second definition: who grudges himself or to someone else something incorporeal (an act, favour, etc.); who is infrequent or unprofuse in something Antonyms: profuse, frequent, liberal, lavish, prodigal, extravagant Clara was now everything to me. Having said thus much to me on the subject of my fault (and it must be confessed that she had not been niggardly in the article of words), she never named the subject again, but sought by every means in her power to amuse and to comfort me. Frederick Marryat (Frank Mildmay) Before the Windsor Castle had anchored, the newspapers were put into his hands containing a report of the two actions, and he had the gratification of acknowledging that his countrymen were not niggardly in the encomiums upon his meritorious conduct. Frederick Marryat (Newton Forster) -) It may be construed with the preposition of, followed by a noun designative of what is grudged: The Parrot was arrested and carried into court, to give oral testimony of the malignity of the plot which was supposed to have been laid against Mrs. —’s good fame; and he was by no means niggardly of his testimony, for, to the great amusement of the bench, the bar, and all present, he was no sooner produced, than he began, and continued loudly to vociferate […] Neville Wood (The ornithologist’s text-book) Third definition: given or spent either in a grudging manner, or in order to scrimp; resulting from niggardliness; characteristic of a niggard Synonyms: scanty, unlavish, niggardly, ungenerous Antonyms: munificent, generous, lavish I understand from you that Colonel Morley offers to restore the niggardly L200 a year Darrell formerly allowed to me, to be paid monthly or weekly. Edward Bulwer-Lytton (What Will He Do With It) […] Secretary Seward some years since purchased your territory from Russia for seven million dollars despite the protests of a clamorous and purblind opposition. How niggardly seems that purchase price at this moment! Harry Leon Wilson (Somewhere in Red Gap) This sum is forwarded to the colonial chest, instead of being expended in local improvements; […]. The local officials are not to be blamed for this miserable system, this niggardly colonial policy of the modern economical school, which contrasts so poorly with the lavish republican expenditure in French Senegambia. Richard F. Burton (To the Gold Coast for Gold) […] a niggardly supply of corn. Francis Parkman (Pioneers of France in the New World) A living, of which Mr. Morland was himself patron and incumbent, of about four hundred pounds yearly value, was to be resigned to his son as soon as he should be old enough to take it; no trifling deduction from the family income, no niggardly assignment to one of ten children. Jane Austen (Northanger Abbey) Fourth definition: (of the manner of giving, spending, etc. something) resulting from niggardliness Coco says, […], that his employer is mean in his conduct towards him, and pays his activity and zeal in a very niggardly manner. ɒlackwood’s magazine, vol. 59 […] he would journey to South Norwalk, to purchase the necessary stores for the following seven days, and he soon became well-known to the shopkeepers for the niggardly manner of his dealings. Upon his return his purchases would be carefully locked up in the strong box which he kept in his room. Allan Pinkerton (Bucholz and the Detectives) […] as the abandonment of the ship was reduced almost to a certainty, the niggard ly manner in which the provisions were doled out, which formed a part that would have to be left behind, appeared to the crew as an act of perverseness […] Robert Huish (The last voyage…) Fifth definition: very little or scanty as if resulting from niggardliness The most niggardly computation which lies within the bounds of possibility […] Thomas Henry Huxley (Physiography) Other English vocables derived from niggard: niggardize, niggardliness, niggardly (adj., adv.), niggardness _Nosey_ Adjective Pronunciation and accent: nəUzI Comparative and superlative forms: nosier, nosiest. Etymology: variant of nosy. Nosy is composed with nose and –y. 1. Evil-smelling; stinky; emitting a bad odour. When he was gone, I opened the winders and ventilated the room; for it smelt as bad as one of the narrer alleys in Old Town Edinbro', or a slave-ship: it was shocking nosey, I tell you. As soon as he came back, says he, Sam, that poor feller means well, but he has mistaken his calling: he has too much levity, I fear, for a minister. Thomas Haliburton (The Clockmaker) 2. Sensitive to evil smells. (Rare) 3. (Slang and jocose use) objectionably inquisitive; unduly curious; intrusive. Antonym: uninquisitive Jocose equivalents: fouineur/euse, fureteur/euse, in French; ficcanaso, in Italian; entrometido, in Spanish. To the right was rows of dildos, vibrators, blow up dolls, massage oils, and lube. They carried everything you could ever think of. I browsed through their selection of vibrators and dildos. I needed something discreet because my family was nosey. I found the Power Bullet Mini vibrator. Shalona L. Amos (Diary of a Sex Addict) I let him know […] that the conversation had to be innocent because my nosey stepfather was home. Marcus agreed and called me three minutes later. Shalona L. Amos (Diary of a Sex Addict) “Can I kiss you?” ɑnthony asked. I told him no because I didn’t want my neighbors to see me. I knew that nosey Ms. Reid that lived to the left of us watched the house for my mother when she was at work, but it was two o’clock in the afternoon so it was her nap time. Shalona L. Amos (Diary of a Sex Addict) […] we had sex in the bath and some people upstairs could hear us. I don’t think we were being that loud. It’s just nosey neighbours and they should keep their mouths shut. Victor J. Kennedy (Hypomanic) Perhaps she wanted to share more in his life and, in any case, she was interested in people […]. Most women are naturally nosey about other folks business. William Cornford (Mayfield) He’d ask about everything we did, where we went, who we saw. […] He seemed nosey about anything we did. John A. Roynesdal (Living in Darkness) “You sure she’s just not trying to be nosey about him? Phillip suggested, with a rather wry smile. Morgan Bruce (Prague) No Marilyn, I’m not holding out on you and what’s more it’s none of your bloody business, so if you’re thinking of getting all nosey on me, forget it! Michael Vincent (Don’t Get Mad) -) Sometimes it occurs in the idiomatic combination Nosey Parker (nosey parker): an intrusive person; a butt-in. From Nosey Parker resulted these neologisms: Nosey-Parkering (nosey-parkering), participial adj. and verbal noun. Nosey-park, intransitive verb (as a back-formation from Nosey-Parker) Nosey-parkerdom, Nosey-Parkerism, nosey-parkery, nouns (intrusive behaviour). Nosey-parkerishness, noun (intrusiveness) I thought she was just nosey-parkering. Henry Reymond Fitzwalter Keating (The Good Detective) […] converting “nosey-parkerism” into acceptable social interventionism. Michael McConville – Mike McConville (Watching Police) […] grandmotherly Nosey-Parkerdom. Philip Morton Shand (Modern Picture-houses and Theaters) _Nosey_ Noun Plural: noseys ɑ nosey person, a ‘Nosey Parker’. Nosh Verb Pronunciation: nQS Preterite tense, preterite participle: noshed; present participle: noshing Present third person singular: she/he noshes. Etymology: from a Yiddish word nashn. Derived words from nosh: nosher, nosh (noun), noshery, noshable, noshing (noun). Intransitive use To eat a snack; to nibble; to eat in other occasion than the ones named as meals, more for pleasure of nibbling, or for sampling the comestible, than for necessity; to eat a little quantity of something between meals. Translation: manger, grignoter, in French; fare un spuntino, in Italian; mecatear, in Spanish. As soon as they left, he sat on the couch. He sashayed and shimmied to the music. He nibbled and noshed from the fridge. Linda Bailey – ɒill Slavin (Stanley’s Party) I noshed on a lone crab claw that had fallen off in the skillet. Lionel Shriver (We Need to Talk About Kevin) Marnie looked up, unguiltily, from the sit-down counter where she noshed alone on a fried chicken leg. Nancy Rue – Stephen Arterburn (Healing Waters) A Finnish study found that only 20 percent of subjects ate because they were hungr y; some noshed to have something to do while reading or watching TV. Women Health (January 2006) Transitive use To eat (something) by noshing on it; to snack on. Some congregated around the metal picnic tables that were bolted down to a concrete pad beneath an aluminum awning. They noshed chili-covered French fries. Sandra Brown (White Hot) Women, the salesman complained, only nosh chocolates and the true nosher is a connoisseur of cheeses at once sharp and ripe. Ivor Brown (Words in Our Time, 1958) _Novelize_ Verb Preterite tense, Preterite participle: and present participle: novelized, novelizing. Etymology: from the English noun novel, suffixed with -ize. English novel is derived from Latin novellus, diminutive of novus: new. Pronunciation and accent: nAvəlaIz Transitive uses: 1. To make (something) new or novel; to renovate (it). (Obsolete acceptation) 2. To make a novel of (a film, a diary, a theme, a comic, an idea, etc.); to prose (it) in a novelesque manner. Synonyms: fictionize, fictionalize. […] if I can’t understand something I novelize it. C. Leon Harris (A Garden Inclosed) Campbell novelized The Wolf-Man, The Bride of Frankenstein, and Dracula’s Daughter. Randall D. Larson (Films into Books) Trainor has novelized the amazing adventures of a profeminist woman […] Ray Broadus Browne (Murder on the Reservation) […] a diary that has been partially novelized. Bernard Duyfhuizen (Narratives of Transmission) […] movies that are produced from original screenplays are often novelized for the book market after their successful release. Garth Jowett – James M. Linton (Movies as Mass Communication) Hence the participial adjective novelized: The novelized diary. Alba della Fazia Amoia (20th-century Italian Women Writers) Intransitive uses: 1. To produce something new; innovate. (Obsolete or archaic acceptation) 2. To prose in a novelesque manner; to be a novelist; to be the composer of a novel. One feels an old man dreaming and sentimentalizing about past delights and triump hs and, because he is a psychologist and philosopher, reasoning and novelizing about them. Gerald Brenan (The Literature of the Spanish People) I was novelizing about… about the sunset. Did you notice it? Of course. Beautiful. Some people would just sit and stare at it, but I have to set it to words. C. Leon Harris (A Garden Inclosed) I was thinking about writing. I often do that. I call it novelizing. C. Leon Harris (A Garden Inclosed) […] back to the novel I am novelizing on. Dan Rowan – John Dan MacDonald (A Friendship) […] I’m driving. It’s the only thing I’m good for. If I can’t novelize, I might as well drive. Maybe I’ll get a job driving. ɑ taxi, or maybe an eighteen-wheeler. C. Leon Harris (A Garden Inclosed) English vocables derived from Latin novus: novelesque, novelese, novelettish, noveletty, novelish, novelless, novellike, novelly, novelness, noveldom, Novanglian, novate, novation, novative, novator, novatory, novel (noun, adj.), novelet, novelette, novelettist, noveletter, novelism, novelist, novelistic, novelistically, novelization, novelty, novice, novicehood, noviceship, noviciate, novitiate, noviciateship, noviciation, novilunar, novitial, innovation, innovate, innovating, innovational, innovationist, innovative, innovatively, innovativeness, innovator, innovatory, renovize, renovator, renovative, renovationist, renovation, renovating, renovatingly, renovated, renovate (verb, adj.) _obscene_ Adjective. Pronunciation: əbsiːn. Etymology: from Latin obscenus (= adverse, filthy, indecent). The analysis of this Latin vocable is disputed, its composition being difficult to interpret. Its comparative and superlative may be construed with suffix –er and –est, respective ly; but also periphrastically with more and most. 1. Displeasing as being ugly, dirty, foul, unclean, sullied or merely unpraiseworthy. […] some obscene animals. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge […] some obscene hole or garret. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa I held up before him in succession the cloudy oil and furry vinegar, the clogged cayenne, the dirty salt, the obscene dregs of soy, and the anchovy sauce in a flanne l waistcoat of decomposition. Charles Dickens… The Uncommercial Traveller 2. Specially: (of sexual expression and the person making it) displeasing as being contrary to sexual bigotry or sexual repression. Semantic-etymological identity with the Spanish obsceno, Italian osceno, and French obscene. The floor is shabby indoor-outdoor carpet that has been stained so many times it is difficult to determine what the original color might have been. There are dozens of gray steel doors on either side. Some elaborately decorated. Collages, obscene photographs. Jack R Dunn… Hard I now ejaculate the most obscene words and phrases. This stimulates my passions, increases my pleasure, and affect, I find, my partner in fucking, who sympathetically responds similar words, heightening her pleasure and mine as well. Walter… My Secret Life Words derived from OBSCENE: obscenity, obscenely, obsceness. _often_ Adverb and adjective. Pronunciation and accent: f(ə)n, ˈɔː-; ftən. Etymology: alteration of oft. A. As an adverb: 1. Many times; at many times, on many occasions; frequently. Antonym: seldom. Translation: souvent, in French; a menudo, in Spanish; spesso, in Italian. I have often thought since, that the revolutions of the boat around the pool might have rendered me a little light-headed. Edgar Poe How often we made the circuit of the belt it is impossible to say. Edgar Poe -) Comparative and superlative: I've thought of them many times, Mr. Watson, and I've thought of them oftener than ever this winter. ɛoseph ɑltsheler… The Tree of Appomattox Sometimes they would patronize the cafeteria on the lot, but oftener, […] they would search out exotic restaurants. Harry Wilson… Merton of the Movies This species has been compared with the white pine of the East oftener than with any other species. Henry Gibson… American Forest Trees Make no further visits to the girl in the meantime. You have been there, of late, much oftener than you should. Charles Dickens… Nicholas Nickleby The books that we re-read the oftenest are not always those that we admire the most. Robert Stevenson… Memories and Portraits -) (as) often as not, or more often than not: informal phrases for “frequently”: More often than not they asked me to tell them a story, and I faithfully reproduced one of grandmother’s tales, and if I forgot anything, I would ask them to wait while I ran to her and refreshed my memory. Maxim Gorky… My childhood There are in the depth of the hill wells, and to these mothers fearlessly despatch their children to fill a pitcher, as often as not without a light. Sabine Baring-Gould… Castles and Cave Dwellings of Europe When requested by me (often, I own, rather roughly) to entertain the company with conversation, wit, and learning […]: or music, of which she was an accomplished performer, she would as often as not begin to cry, and leave the room. William Thackeray… Barry Lyndon 2. In cases frequently occurring. A single glance at an authentic portrait is often worth pages of description. Marjorie ɒowen… Mary Queen of Scots B. As an archaic adjective: done or made many times; frequently occurring; frequent. _olfaction_ Noun Plural: olfactions Pronunciaton: Ql"fækSən Etymology: From Latin olfactus, olefactus (Preterite participle: of olfacere, olefacere to smell) + English –ion. It is etymologically and semantically identical to French olfaction, Spanish olfacción and Italian olfatto. Derived or conjugates from olfaction: olfaty, olfactive, olfactorily, olfactory, olfact, olfactible, olfacient, olfactor, olfactorium, olfactronics, olfactronic, olfactronically. The action or process of smelling or the sense of smell. The simultaneous olfaction of two selected and matched odours will cause the psychological effect of odourlessness. W. Summer Methods Air Deodorization, 1963 [….] the discriminative capacities of human olfaction. Denis Dutton (The Art Instinct: Beauty, Pleasure, and Human Evolution) The olfactory system is specialized for detecting and processing odorants. Together with gustation, olfaction is a unique sensory system in that the appropriate stimuli are molecules that bind to specific receptor sites. Richard B. Gammage – B. A. Berven (Indoor Air and Human Health) ɑll mammals have acute olfaction, and humans are no exception to this […] Michael Gazzaniga (The Cognitive Neurosciences) The provings were made by chewing the bean, swallowing the seeds, taking the oil by the mouth and by olfaction of the oil. E. B. Nash (A Manual of Homeopathic Therapeutics) The special senses, such as sight, audition, olfaction, and gustation. A. Flint (Phys., 1873) _Orgasm_ Intransitive verb Pronunciation and accent: O;gæz(ə)m Preterite tense, Preterite participle: and present participle: orgasmed, orgasming. Etymology: from the English noun orgasm. It is semantically and etymologica lly identical to Italian orgasmare, the Spanish orgasmar and French orgasmer. English vocables derived from orgasm: orgasmal, orgasmic, orgastically orgasmist, orgastic, Definition: to become affected by a sexual orgasm; to maximize in sexual pleasure; to be at the maximum of a erotic sensation. Antonym: to be achy. I lie on my back with my partner between my legs, flicking his tongue very gently over the same area, over and over. I like not doing anything else except concentrating on the sensation until I orgasm. Shere Hite (The Hite Report: a Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality) She groaned and cried out as she came, her slit getting very wet as she tightened on my fingers in her cunt. She arched back, sliding her mouth off my cock as she orgasmed. Justus Roux (Erotic Fantasy) […] she orgasmed under his lips in around fifteen seconds, adding a deep and fulfilled moan for sound effects. Steve Perry (The Forever Drug, 1995) The moment of orgasm is a very self-centered moment, as the feelings and sensations are so great that the orgasming partner is unable to think of anything –or anyone- else. Victoria Zdrok (The Anatomy of Pleasure) This is my favourite sound in life. The sound of women orgasming. Red Jordan (Come with Me Lucy) When she is orgasming I tell her to push, and she floods my mouth with juices. Isadora Alman (Doing it: Real People Having Really Good Sex) It often takes me as much as 15 minutes of stimulation before I can orgasm. Seymour Fisher (The Female Orgasm, 1972) Many men can easily orgasm through masturbation but have difficulty in heterosexua l intercourse. Jonathan Margolis (The Intimate History of the Orgasm) _otherwise_ Pronunciation and accent: VDəwaIz. Etymology: analysable into (on) othre wisan (= in other manner). See WISE. As a noun: only in the phrase or otherwise, following a noun, or a verb, to signify a respective word of opposite or different meaning. The index number for the price of each article […] is 1 or 100, according to the use or otherwise of the decimal point. W. Jevons… Money & Mechanism of Exchange The most amusing feature in the case was the conflict of professional evidence as to the merits, or otherwise, of Mr. Whistler's paintings. The Pall Mall Magazine. As an adverb: 1. In another manner; in other manners; in a different manner; by other means. Synonyms: contrarily, differently. Translation: de otra manera, in Spanish; altrimenti, in Italian; autrement, in French. This dread was not exactly a dread of physical evil — and yet I should be at a loss how otherwise to define it. Edgar Poe I did meet her several times for years afterwards, but never by look, or otherwise, showed any intimacy with her. Walter… My secret life She was walking very fast, and I was not quite sure whether she was on the town or not, but know that girls out by themselves at that time at night more frequently than otherwise get their cunts filled for love or money, before they get home. Walter… My secret life In the evening we saw a remarkable rock, rising from the water like a steeple, on the south side of the entrance of Port Desire; this rock is an excellent mark to know the harbour, which it would otherwise be difficult to find. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels… To leave Tiger in the box was what neither of us could endure to think of; yet, how to act otherwise was the question. Edgar Poe… The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym The Jane Guy had a crew of thirty-five, all able seamen, besides the captain and mate, but she was not altogether as well armed or otherwise equipped as a navigator acquainted with the difficulties and dangers of the trade could have desired. Edgar Poe… The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym I told her to lay still and I would fuck her if she liked but not otherwise. Walter (My secret life) Still I could not venture to make any disturbance by opening the trap or otherwise, and, having wound up the watch, contented myself as well as possible. Edgar Poe (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym) -) It may be construed with the conjunction than, to introduce the alternative manner or means: I must not speak otherwise than truly. Walter Scott (Redgauntlet) It was also evident, that the water, thus falling from a height of better than four feet, could not do otherwise than fall upon my face, and that the sure consequence would be, to waken me up instantaneously, even from the soundest slumber in the world. Edgar Poe They have no hat, but a woollen cap in the shape of a deep crown of a hat; but they rarely wear it, otherwise than under the arm. A Geographical View of the World There is another kind of grass that can scarcely be distinguished from it otherwise than by tasting. Thomas Greene Fessenden (The New England Farmer) This excess, […] could not be balanced otherwise than by the importation of an equal value of gold or silver. Museum of Foreign Literature… Vol. 22 […] his name was never more pronounced otherwise than with the utmost contempt. The Edinburgh monthly review As to Marcia, it appeared to him that he could not treat a woman of her disposition otherwise than as he did. William Howells (A Modern Instance) […] while Bonthron underwent a discipline which he was incapable of resisting, otherwise than by some inarticulate groans and snorts, like, those of a dying boar, the Prince proceeded on his way to his apartments. Walter Scott (The Fair Maid of Perth) His address was singularly pleasing and gentlemanlike, and the apology which he made for disturbing me at such an hour, and in such a manner, was so well and handsomely expressed, that I could not reply otherwise than by declaring my willingness to be of service to him. Walter Scott (The Monastery) In the wilder districts of Scotland, the passage from one vale to another, otherwise than by descending that which you leave, and reascending the other, is often very difficult. Walter Scott (The Monastery) Second definition: in a different circumstance; in another case; if not; else; if the case be not so I hold minute attention to trifles unworthy the dignity of serious narrative; otherwise I might here, following the example of the novelist, dilate upon the subject of habiliment. Edgar Poe Had the pirate recovered his money, there the affair would have [… ended]. It seemed to me that some accident — say the loss of a memorandum indicating its locality — had deprived him of the means of recovering it, and that this accident had become known to his followers, who otherwise might never have heard that treasure had been concealed at all. Edgar Poe […] I am desirous, both for the sake of your good opinion, which I value, and also for the plainer explanation of what I have darkly intimated, to communicate to you what otherwise I would much rather have left untold. Walter Scott (The Novels of Walter Scott) […] the cost of amatory amusements prevented my having women as often as I otherwise should have done. Walter (My secret life) We began to climb the mountain while our old man was still in sight, and he, perceiving that we made our way with difficulty through the weeds and brush-wood, which grew very thick, turned back, and said something to the natives in a firm loud tone; upon which twenty or thirty of the men went before us, and cleared us a very good path; they also refreshed us with water and fruit as we went along, and assisted us to climb the most difficult places, which we should otherwise have found altogether impracticable. Robert ɜerr (Voyages and Travels…) Having lain off this island from the 24th of ɛune to the 27th of ɛuly, I shall now [… write] the best account of its inhabitants, with their manners and arts, that I can; but having been in a very bad state of health the whole time, and for great part of it confined to my bed, it will of necessity be much less accurate and particular than I might otherwise have made it. Robert ɜerr (Voyages and Travels…) As I had here strong currents, and for several days had not been able to get an observation of the sun, I cannot so exactly ascertain the situation of these islands as I might otherwise have done. Robert ɜerr (Voyages and Travels…) It was happy for me that I was able to procure a supply of English seamen here, otherwise I should not at last have been able to bring the ship home Robert ɜerr (Voyages and Travels…) Third definition: in other respect; with regard to something else The only person of our opponents who was left alive was Richard Parker. This man, it will be remembered, I had knocked down with a blow from the pump-handle at the commencement of the attack. He now lay motionless by the door of the shattered stateroom; but, upon Peters touching him with his foot, he spoke, and entreated for mercy. His head was only slightly cut, and otherwise he had received no injury, having been merely stunned by the blow. Edgar Poe (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym) This one has such a lovely backside, but has hanging breasts. That one has too much hair on her cunt, […] but she is otherwise beautiful. Walter (My secret life) We took in, too, a plentiful stock of the flesh of the hog which I have mentioned before. Most of the men found it a palatable food, but I thought it fishy and otherwise disagreeable. Edgar Poe (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym) He had with him a huge oaken cudgel, but appeared to be otherwise unarmed. Edgar Poe Our tortoise, which we were anxious to preserve alive as long as we could, we threw on its back, and otherwise carefully fastened. Edgar Poe (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym) The sea nearly smooth, with a light wind, and still from the northward and westward. The sun coming out hotly in the afternoon, we occupied ourselves in drying our clothes. Found great relief from thirst, and much comfort otherwise, by bathing in the sea Edgar Poe (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym) As an adjective: First definition: (as a predicate) not so; in another state, quality, or condition; differently conditioned or mannered; different; other than denoted […] he was rather gratified, than otherwise, at a visit from a gentleman whom he so highly respected. Edgar Poe He was now thoroughly insensible, and there was no probability that he would be otherwise for many hours. Edgar Poe (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym) […] the weather was so warm as to render the water rather grateful than otherwise. Edgar Poe (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym) The blunder itself would have been unimportant, had not my own folly and impetuosity rendered it otherwise. Edgar Poe (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym) […] in this strange city […] where I did not understand a word of the language and where people disappear mysteriously, I felt rather glad than otherwise that he was waiting for me. Walter (My secret life) [The Chickasaws] were always friendly to the white people; nor is there any probability, that they will wish ever to be otherwise. Jedidiah Morse (The American universal geography) [Talking about a painter] The vigilance of his mind is exerted in the minutest as in the greatest features: not a tree which the botanist, not a building which the architect, not a drapery which the costume-studier, not an emotion which the actor, would wish away or wish otherwise. Tobias Smollett (The Critical Review, vol. 39) -) It may be construed with the prepositions than, to introduce the alternative quality, state or condition: Nobody really seemed to think it otherwise than pretty. William Howells (The March Family Trilogy) The valley Campan has its rich fields, its grassy slopes, its crystal river, its wooded summits, and its shady dells; and with a profusion of such features, it cannot be otherwise than beautiful. James Murray (A summer in the Pyrennees) "Really, now," said the lady, not quite comprehending the bantering tone in which Maude had spoken, but unwilling to think it otherwise than a polite method upon the part of Maude of acquiescing in all her wishes. Eliza Cook (Eliza Cook's Journal, Volume 7) There is another necessary precaution which I wish you to adopt, that is, in screwing up the strings, it is apt to draw the bridge forward, which if you should perceive it otherwise than perpendicular you must alter it, or it may fall and throw the sound-post down, and cause you a great inconvenience. John Paine (A treatise on the violin) Second definition: (otherwise followed by a noun) that would otherwise be; that would be (+ noun), in another case, circumstance or respect They were entertained by their political enemies, their otherwise friends. Webster Dict. Sec. Ed. _Outlook_ Noun. Pronunciation: aʊtlʊk Plural: outlooks. Etymology: it is analysed into out- + look, after the verb “to look out”. 1. a. The act of looking out, or of looking from within a building to the outside. b. The act of looking out for something or someone; act of being on the watch, or of exercising vigilance. Translation: perspective, in French; perspectiva, in Spanish; prospettiva, in Italian. Captain K. told me I had better go below, and that he would keep an outlook and take a little tea biscuit on deck. Willis ɑbbot… American Merchant Ships and Sailors Window apertures are mainly of two kinds; those for outlook, and those for inlet of light, many being for both purposes, and either purpose, or both, combined in military architecture with those of offence and defence. ɛohn Ruskin… The Stones of Venice The small party of soldiers who had kept watch there during the course of the preceding night, and supplied sentinels both for ward and outlook, took arms on the appearance of this individual, and drew themselves up in the form of a guard, which receives with military reverence an officer of importance. Walter Scott… Anne of Geierstein -)On the outlook: on the watch. He is on the outlook for these scums of the earth. Walter Scott… Redgauntlet That the ship destroyed was Dirk Hatteraick's no one doubted. His lugger was well known on the coast, and had been expected just at this time. A letter from the commander of the king's sloop, to whom the Sheriff made application, put the matter beyond doubt; he sent also an extract from his log-book of the transactions of the day, which intimated their being on the outlook for a smuggling lugger. Walter Scott… Guy Mannering The moment he turned the corner of her street, he saw Mrs Catanach standing on her threshold with her arms akimbo; although she was always tidy, and her house spotlessly trim, she yet seemed forever about the door, on the outlook at least, if not on the watch. George MacDonald… Malcolm 2. A place from or by which someone looks out; a look-out; a station or building from which a look-out can be kept. Presently he discovered a log that jutted out over the swift current. From this outlook he believed he could allow his bait to float down into an eddy that looked as though it might be the home of a big hermit trout. Quincy ɑllen… The Outdoor Chums After Big Game 3. The view obtained by one who looks out; the view from a place. Synonyms: prospect; sight. On entering the "garden-room" when I came down stairs, the glass door standing open, I was charmed with the outlook upon the gardens. ɑndrew Hamilton… Sixteen Months in the Danish Isles He always remembered the appearance of the afternoon on which he awoke from his dream. Not quite knowing what to do with himself, he went up to an octagonal chamber in the lantern of a singularly built theatre that was set amidst this quaint and singular city. It had windows all round, from which an outlook over the whole town and its edifices could be gained. Thomas Hardy… Jude the Obscure I must have given him the letter myself, for I have no recollection of parting with it before, but I only remember his offering me his hand, and making me shyly and tentatively welcome. After a few moments of the demoralization which followed his hospitable attempts in me, he asked if I would not like to go up on his hill with him and sit there, where he smoked in the afternoon. He offered me a cigar, and when I said that I did not smoke, he lighted it for himself, and we climbed the hill together. At the top, where there was an outlook in the pines over the Concord meadows, we found a log, and he invited me to a place on it beside him, and at intervals of a minute or so he talked while he smoked. William Howells… Of Literature Before this picture sat Ethelberta in a light linen dress, and with tightly-knotted hair--now again Berta Chickerel as of old--serving out breakfast to the rest of the party, and sometimes lifting her eyes to the outlook from the window, which presented a happy combination of grange scenery with marine. Thomas Hardy… The Hand of Ethelberta When I woke it was morning. A heavy fall of snow had covered everything during the night, and the outlook was as desolate and dreary as could be imagined. Frank ɒullen… The Log of a Sea-Waif [The room] was in the attic, and was a back room, though it had a pleasant outlook. William Howells… A Chance Acquaintance But when at last Laura entered upon possession of the North Avenue house, she was not […] altogether pleased with it, though she told herself the contrary. Outwardly it was all that she could desire. It fronted Lincoln Park, and from all the windows upon that side the most delightful outlooks were obtainable--green woods, open lawns, the parade ground, the Lincoln monument, dells, bushes, smooth drives, flower beds, and fountains. Frank Norris… The Pit Her window had a pleasant outlook across the park. Thomas Speight… Under lock and key _outnumber_ Verb. Etymology: it is analysed into out- (prefix implying the idea of “excess”) + the verb NUMBER. Transitively: to exceed in number. Translation: être plus nombreux que, in French; superar en número, in Spanish; superare in numero, in Italian. Mrs. Horn's rooms were large, and they never seemed very full, though this perhaps was because people were always so quiet. The ladies, who outnumbered the men ten to one, as they always do at a New York tea, were dressed... William Howells… The March Family Those who are gone cannot have lost their interest in those who remain, and those who are gone outnumber us two to one. Gilbert Holland… Arthur Bonnicastle In a moment the two bands met. The French were outnumbered. Herbert Strang… The Light brigade in Spain Though the English were in the minority on this occasion, it is seldom that they do not outnumber the passengers of all other nations to be found on board the Baltic steamers. Robert ɒremner… Excursions in Denmark A force of seventy or eighty was formed quickly, and hidden from the view of the Mexicans, they rushed down the plaza, climbed the low walls and dropped down upon the plain. The Mexican cavalry outnumbered them four or five to one, but the Texans cared little for such odds. The Texan Scouts… A Story of the Alamo Notwithstanding his troops were outnumbered and attacked by surprise, he conducted himself with gallantry and great ability, sustaining for some time the shock of an unequal combat. Daniel Macintosh… History of Scotland Our newspapers outnumber theirs nearly three to one. Godey's Magazine, vol. 58-59 [The mutineers] succeeded at last in closing the forecastle effectually before more than six of their opponents could get up. These six, finding themselves so greatly outnumbered and without arms, submitted after a brief struggle. Edgar Poe _overdress_ Verb. Etymology: analysed into over- (= beyond) + DRESS. Transitively: to dress with excessive or superfluous display; to overdo the decoration in dressing (someone). -) Mainly in participle, passive and reflexively: […] he was well and even richly attired, and without being overdressed looked a gallant gentleman. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge […] four women, one of whom […] was very much overdressed. William Thackeray… Vanity Fair She was a lady of more than middle age, dressed with certain personal audacities of color and shape, rather than overdressed… William Howells… A Chance Acquaintance He gambles, he overdresses himself. R. ɒurton and V. Cameron… To The Gold Coast… Words derived from OVERDRESS: overdressing, overˈdressiness. Formerly, overdressing in the country was reprobated as quite vulgar. Maria Edgeworth… Helen _overeat_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: əʊvəriːt. Etymology: analysed into over- (= beyond) + EAT. Definition: in both intransitive and reflexive construction: to eat too much. Synonym: to surfeit. Without doubt, the most of mankind grossly overeat themselves. Robert Stevenson… Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes We made Gandish overeat and overdrink himself in the supper-room. William Thackeray… The Newcomes We this day had many birds of the Pintadoe and Petterel kind about us. One of the former species, a very beautiful bird, in the height of the gale, from what cause I know not, unless it had overeaten itself, fell down on the deck, and vomited a greenish sort of matter as it was falling. ɛames Grant… Voyage of Discovery to N.S.W. Word derived: overeating (noun). _oversleep_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: əʊvəsliːp. Etymology: analysed into over- (= beyond) + SLEEP. Intransitively and reflexively: to sleep beyond the expected time or beyond the time one ought to awake; to sleep overtime. The blue dawn was just breaking when she opened her eyes with a start of fear that she might have overslept, but soon she found that no one else in the palace was yet astir. Frank ɒaum… Sky Island The strong potation he had taken, combined with fatigue and anxiety he had previously undergone, made him oversleep himself. William ɑinsworth… Jack Sheppard There are not many men who lie abed too late, or oversleep themselves, on their wedding morning. Charles Dickens… Nicholas Nickleby Next morning I awoke from prolonged and sound repose with the impression that I was yet in X——, and perceiving it to be broad daylight I started up, imagining that I had overslept myself and should be behind time at the countinghouse. Charlotte ɒrontë… The Professor Transitively: to sleep beyond (a particular time). It was recorded of him that he had never sat more than one hour at meat in his own house, and that he never overslept the sunrise. ɛohn Symonds… New Italian sketches She waked at dusk, with a jerk of terror lest she should have overslept her time for going out. Margaret Widdemer… The Rose Garden Husband "I've overslept the alarm!" was Phyllis's first thought next morning when she woke. Margaret Widdemer… The Rose Garden Husband One of the savages now partially aroused himself, and perceiving it was light, sprang up suddenly, and with a guttural ejaculation, awakened his companions, who immediately started to their feet also, and from some exclamations they made, it was evident they had overslept the appointed hour for rising. Emerson ɒennett… The Forest Rose Word derived from the verb OVERSLEEP: oversleeping. _overstay_ Transitive verb. Pronunciation and accent: əʊvəsteɪ. Etymology: analysed into over- (= beyond) + STAY. Definition: to stay over or beyond (a particular time). His coffee was produced, by the special activity of Mr. Tope, a full hour before he wanted it. Mr. Crisparkle sat with his watch in his hand for about the same period, lest he should overstay his time. Charles Dickens… The Mystery of Edwin Drood During a moment of silence, when they had halted in their walk, they heard what was called the ten o'clock bell strike out from Helstonleigh: a bell that boomed out over the city every night for ten minutes before ten o'clock. The sound startled Anna. She had indeed overstayed her time. Henry Wood… Mrs. Halliburton’s Troubles Ismay was wryly amused by the sternness with which Smuts often urged on Churchill the care of his health, admonishing him for overstaying his bedtime. Max Hastings… Winstons’ war [When they] overstayed their ten days' leave of absence from the camp on the Upper Tugela […] everybody was much surprised. William Scully… Kafir Stories […] in spite of which we were turned out ignominiously at the end of five days, having been permitted to overstay the usual three days by only two. Frederic ɜenyon… The Letters of Elizabeth Barrett On his arrival he crept up to his dressing-room with somewhat of a palpitating heart; he had overstayed his allotted time by three days, and was not without fear of penalties. ɑnthony Trollope… Barchester Towers _own_ Verb. Pronunciation: əʊn. Transitively: 1. Obsolete acceptation: to make (a thing) one's own; to appropriate; to adopt as one’s own. 2. To have as one’s own; to have an ownership over (a thing); be the owner of; to have belonging to one. Synonym: to possess. Translation: posséder, in French; poseer, in Spanish; possedere, in Italian. Had Glocester owned the world at the moment, it had been laid a free gift at Elinor's feet. Thomas Grattan… Jacqueline of Holland, He owned that house, and somehow contrived to pay the taxes thereon. Mary Freeman… The Copy-Cat and Other Stories He could play by ear. His father owned an old violin. Mary Freeman… The Copy-Cat and Other Stories Jim owned many cats; counting the kittens, there were probably over twenty. Mary Freeman… The Copy-Cat and Other Stories "These things are not yours; they are mine. You never owned them; but I will sell them to you." David Grayson… Adventures in Contentment 3. To have as a quality. The voice that asked the question trembled with agitation and fatigue. But the girl who owned the voice stood up stiffly, looking at Miss Manisty with a frowning, almost a threatening shyness. Humphry Ward… Eleanor 4. To acknowledge (a thing or person) as one's own. If he had owned the fault, I would have forgiven him; but he was so stubborn, and would not even speak when spoken to. Mrs. George Cupples… Bluff Crag 5. Obsolete acceptation: to acknowledge (a person) as an acquaintance. 6. Obsolete acceptation: to claim for one’s own. 7. Archaic acceptation: to manifest one’s approval of; to acknowledge as approved. 8. a. To acknowledge (something) to be related to oneself. b. Extensively: to acknowledge (a thing) to be real, or actual, or true; to confess to be a fact. Synonym: to admit, concede. My father, finding it would be impossible to conceal his situatio n much longer, frankly owned what he had done, and excused himself for not having asked the consent of his father, by saying, he knew it would have been to no purpose. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Roderick Random Her age was about thirty, for she owned six-and-twenty. The works of Henry Fielding As she hopes one day to be admitted into an acquaintance of this kind, she no sooner heard of me and my cat, than she [… visited me], as she has since owned, to be introduced to my familiar. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Roderick Random "If it be true," he said to himself, "he must have been very sure it would be soon found out, otherwise he would never have owned it." George Rainsford… The False Heir -)With a clause or an infinitive as the object: This dread was not exactly a dread of physical evil - and yet I should be at a loss how otherwise to define it. I am almost ashamed to own - yes, even in this felon's cell, I am almost ashamed to own - that the terror and horror with which the animal inspired me, had been heightened by one of the merest chimaeras it would be possible to conceive. Edgar Poe Mr Brayer had read my play, and owned it had undubitable merit. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Roderick Random And for my part, I own to you that I am very fond of these praises The Living Age, vol. 29 The difficulty must be owned to be great. The Edinburgh Review The incident we all owned to be remarkable. The novels of Tobias Smollett Harriet was a little distressed — did look a little foolish at first; but having once owned that she had been presumptuous and silly, and self-deceived, before, her pain and confusion seemed to die away with the words. ɛane ɑusten… Emma The captain exulted much in this declaration, and put my journal-book into the hands of one of them, who candidly owned he could neither read nor write: the other acknowledged the same degree of ignorance, but pretended to speak the Greek lingo with any man on board. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Roderick Random -)-)With a object + complement: her mother, too, owned herself obliged to my resolution. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Roderick Random And, moreover, she has owned herself in the wrong. Anne Marsh- Caldwell… Angela If it could have been shown that the old state of things was the better one, I would have owned myself in error. Mrs. Newton Crosland… English Tales and Sketches I own myself at a loss how to act. Susanna Corder… Life of Elizabeth Catharine owned herself at fault. Elizabeth Elton Smith… The three eras -) With adverb UP, it is a colloquial construction: It was produced and tasted, and these gentlemen owned up that it was the same wine. Harper's New Monthly Magazine, vol. 19 Alan owned up that he was already married. Erle Cox… Out of the Silence 9. To acknowledge (something or someone) as having authority over one; to profess submission to (a person). But there was something magnificent, though terrible, in the spectacle of the people of three kingdoms, who owned the authority of one prince. Sydney Smith… The Edinburgh Review Intransitively: to acknowledge a thing to be real, or actual, or true; to confess to be a fact; confess (to something). -)With the preposition TO, followed either by a noun or a gerund, designative of the confession: In their confessions, they owned to the most audacious robberies. All the Year Round, vol. 9 The next day, at something of a late hour, the promised equestrian party appeared. They owned to having been first to Monksden, to tell the good news there. ɑnna Porter… Honor O'Hara "'Your brother is at the bottom of this business, Sampson. Do you remember the half-sheet of paper I found on a blotting-pad in the counting-house one day; half a sheet of paper scrawled over with the imitation of two or three signatures? I asked who had copied those signatures, and your brother came forward and owned to having done it, laughing at his own cleverness. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Henry Dunbar Many who, like ourselves, own to a feeling for the monastic works of art… The Literary Gazette -)To own up: (colloquial acceptation) to make a full confession. He owned up and said that his ancestors were among the Kings of Tipperary. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world My wife one day asked me about the robbery; I at first denied any knowledge of it, but she is smart and does not easily give up. She kept at me and I finally concluded that the best way to keep her still was to tell her all. So I owned up to her, and then gave her some money and started her for the North. Allan Pinkerton… The Expressman and the Detective You've made a silly blunder, and you may as well own up to it. ɑrthur Doyle… The Disappearance of Lady… _parry_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: pærɪ. Etymology: from French “parez”, imperative of parer; and this one from Italian parare (= to parry), from Latin parare (= to prepare). Preterite tense: parried (pærɪd). Preterite participle: parried. Present participle: parrying. Intransitively: to parry a thrust, blow, etc.; to repel or ward off a blow; to force back the weapon with which the antagonist tries to hit, by opposing to it one’s own weapon or a means of protection. Translation: parer un coup, in French; parar un golpe, in Spanish; parare un colpo, in Italian. […] by this mode of parrying, your fencing must become very “ungrateful” but it should be understood that I am speaking of its real utility alone, to avoid being hit, and not of the “graces”. ɛoseph Roland… The Amateur of Fencing With that he closed on me, in a very different style from his former attack. Pushing and parrying with the rapidity of lightning, he evinced a skill in 'skirmish'. Charles Lever… Tom Burke of "Ours" I trembled for Rabenmark, for I knew that he was bad at parrying, and that his only chance of success with his present adversary was in a desperate and furious attack. He was, however, now obliged to act on the defensive, and he stood his ground at first very well. ɛohn Motley… Morton’s Hope Transitively: 1. To turn aside or ward off (a thrust, a weapon, a blow, etc.) in fighting against someone. Synonyms: to fend off, repel, force back, turn aside. Instead of [letting fall] his weapon when he received mine, he returned the thrust. I parried it, and touched him again, a little lower down. Charles Lever… Tom Burke of "Ours" But that was no strife to be ended at a blow; and they closed, foot to foot, dealing at each other sweeping blows, which could not be parried, and could scarcely be avoided, but which were warded off by their armor of proof. Henry Herbert… Wager of Battle The weapons met with the quickness of lightning, and though the event seemed to all appearance to depend most upon which was the strongest arm, yet the blows, however irregular and fierce, were frequently parried off with great skill, as each in turn became the assailant. Museum of Foreign Literature With difficulty Langford had forced himself forward through the scene of strife and confusion that was going on. He spoke to no one; he assailed no one; though he parried more than one blow aimed at random at his head, George Rainsford… The robber So saying, he changed his mode of fighting, collected himself, as if to stand on the defensive, and seemed contented with parrying, instead of returning, the blows which Quentin unceasingly aimed at him. Walter Scott… Quentin Durward 2. Metaphorically: to prevent the incidence or occurrence of (anything unpleasant); to avoid answering. He began to ask questions, and indeed to show himself inquisitive, remarking on the strange fact of a young man travelling alone through disturbed country at such a time. Jack good-humouredly parried enquiries that seemed too direct, merely explaining that he had been on a visit to Salamanca, and was riding across country because, having heard rumours that the French were in possession of Valladolid, he had no wish to [become captive]. Herbert Strang… The Light brigade in Spain "He is not a wench, is he?" replied Griffith, parrying the knight's question with an interrogatory of his own. William ɒennet… Malpas English words derived from parry: parried, parrying, unparriable. To learn or remember other words derived from latin parare, see PARE. _peer_ Intransitive verb. Pronunciation: pɪə(r) Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense: peered; preterite participle: peered; present participle: peering. 1. To look intently, or curiously, particularly, with an intention of discerning something or someone that looms. Translation: regarder curieusement, in French; mirar curiosamente, in Spanish; guardare curiosamente, in Italian. Synonyms: to pore, spy, pry. […] fifty times a day had she listened for some sound, or peered through the windows of the circular room to discover some object. Horace Smith… Brambletye house Wishing, one evening, to ask of him some trifling favor, I entered his room unheard, and found him with his back to me, leaning intently over his writing; Halflmischievous, half-curious, I peered over his shoulder to know what dull problem so absorbed his attention. The Knickerbocker. She went to the window and began to peer through the blinds to see the old housemaid. Walter… My secret life An irrepressible tremor gradually pervaded my frame […]. I uplifted myself upon the pillows, and, peering earnestly within the intense darkness of the chamber, harkened […] to certain low and indefinite sounds which came, through the pauses of the storm, at long intervals, I knew not whence. Edgar Poe As we rode up to the gate-way, I perceived it slightly open, and the visage of a man peering through. Edgar Poe Stealing along like a guilty thing, she approached the door of his private library; and, stooping down, peered through the keyhole. ɛohn Stanyan… Alfred Staunton It rather ludicrously occurred to us, that any old lady who was not well versed in natural history, upon reading the title, might exclaim, as she peered through her spectacles, " Well, I wonder who can those two young gentlemen be with such hard names.” The Metropolitan, Vol. 11 With a cigar in my mouth and a newspaper in my lap, I had been amusing myself for the greater part of the afternoon, now in poring over advertisements, now in observing the promiscuous company in the room, and now in peering through the smoky panes into the street. Edgar Poe -)Particular syntax: with the preposition into, or at, followed by a noun, with which the object is designated: We stand upon the brink of a precipice. We peer into the abyss -- we grow sick and dizzy. Our first impulse is to shrink from the danger. Unaccountably we remain. Edgar Poe The little vale into which I thus peered down from under the fog canopy could not have been more than four hundred yards long; while in breadth it varied from fifty to one hundred and fifty or perhaps two hundred. Edgar Poe I was peering into the trees and shrubs around to discover a newcomer. Frederick Marryat… The Little Savage Joe shaded his eyes with his hand and peered into the corner, but could make out nothing. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge […] the searchers marched into the inner room, and proceeded to its careful examination. The hangings were pulled aside; the old oak armoire was opened; the closets peered into—but nothing was found. William ɑinsworth… Ovingdean Grange "Wasn't that a touching- up the old Knight of Gwynne got?" said Dempsey, as, with his glass to his eye, he peered over her shoulder at the newspaper. Charles Lever… The Knight of Gwynne A suspicious twitch flitted about the corners of her mouth, as she peered over her spectacles at the beef, the potatoes, and the spinach, but she told Emily so kindly how she ought to have done. Peterson's Magazine, Vol. 27-28 Miss Patty peered over her spectacles at John Smith; and laying her hand on Daisy's arm, she whispered, “Is not that a son of Sam Smith,that drove a hackney-coach, when he first came to New York?” Catharine Sedgwick… Clarence […] the fond mother peered through her glasses at her son's careworn countenance. The Monthly chronicle […] approaching the fair reader from behind, she stretched forth her long, and somewhat meagre neck, and peered over her shoulder at the papers on the table. George Payne… Rose D'Albret 2. (Of a thing) to appear partly. Synonym: to peep. Walter Skeat stated: it is merely short for “appear.” And, here and there, in groves about this grass, […] sprang up fantastic trees, whose tall slender stems stood not upright, but slanted gracefully toward the light that peered at noon-day into the centre of the valley. Edgar Poe […] the effect was that of looking out at the first dawn of day, when, under a grey sky, white objects begin to peer through the obscurity of night. The Visitor: Or, Monthly Instructor […] the daylight already peered through the window curtains. Edward Lytton… Night and Morning _percolate_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: p ːkəleɪt. Etymology: from Latin percolatus, preterite participle of percōlāre (= to percolate), from per (= through) + colare (= to strain). Preterite tense: percolated. Preterite participle: percolated. Present participle: percolating. Transitively: 1. To cause (a liquid) to undergo percolation or to move through interstices of a porous substance or a perforated medium. Synonyms: to filter; strain. Translation: filtrer, in French; filtrar, in Spanish; filtrare, in Italian. As what is in the air necessarily mixes itself with water, it hence appears impossible to have such a thing as pure water. If you percolate it through sand, or squeeze it through pumice, or pass it through any other body of the same kind, you will always have salt remaining. Richard Lobb… The contemplative philosopher 2. Hence: to cause hot water to filter through (coffee) to extract its drinkable substance; to decoct (coffee) in a percolator. 3. (Of a liquid) to filter through (a porous medium); to permeate. When treating of springs and overflowing wells, I have stated that porous rocks are percolated by fresh water to great depths, and that sea-water probably penetrates in the same manner through the rocks... Charles Lyell… Principles of geology The usual way of draining a bog, is to make an opening round the upper part, to intercept the water as it descends from the higher grounds, and prevent its percolating the land to be restored. ɛohn I ɜnight… Mechanics Magazine Intransitively: 1. (Of a liquid) to move through the interstices of a porous substance or a perforated medium. Synonyms: to filter, strain, ooze. In the deeper parts of the river no accumulation of these crystals is visible; but in the shallows, where the water percolates through or over a pebbly bottom, there the crystals are intercepted between the interstices of the stones… ɛohn Loudon… The magazine of natural history It is clearly proved by the experiments of Agassiz and others that the glacier is not a mass of ice, but of ice and water, the latter percolating […] through the crevices of the former to all depths of the glacier. ɛohn Tyndall… The Glaciers of the Alps Large drops of water percolating through the arch of the cave dropped with a heavy splash upon the ground. George Rainsford… The False Heir The water is continually percolating through the top, and has formed stalactites of various forms; many of which are conical, and some have the appearance of massive columns. Samuel Williams… History of Vermont -)By metaphor: The news seemed to have percolated through to the rest of the town, for men were gathering on all sides, just as men gather in civilized cities on receipt of news of national importance. Ridgewell Cullum… The Watchers of the Plains 2. In particular: (of coffee) to be decocted by percolation. The coffee was percolating. Randy ɛ. Harvey… Thomas Clayton Waiting for my coffee to percolate, my cell beeped with a text. ɑva Stone… Live Like You Mean It Allow the coffee to percolate 5 to 8 minutes. Life, 1944 Words derived from the verb PERCOLATE: percolator, percolative, percolation, percolated, percolating. _pert_ Adjective. Pronunciation: p3;t. Etymology: aphetic form of archaic word apert (= open, manifest), maybe influenced by Old French aspert (= expert). Apert is from Latin apertus, which is the participle of the verb aperire (= to open). Comparative form: perter. Superlative form: pertest. 1. Open, manifest, evident, not secret. 2. Beautiful, smart. 3. Expert, skilled. 4. Prompt to act; -- these uses are obsolete and pristine. 2. (Predicated of a person) insolently unreserved; manifesting immodesty in speech and behaviour; prompt to behave immodestly, sometimes on addressing a person, without consideration of his (her) respectability. Antonyms: reserved, modest, shy. Synonyms: forward, immodest. Translation: impertinemment prompt, in French; impertinentemente pronto, in Italian; impertinentemente pronto a actuar con inmodestia, in Spanish. […] all were polite and well bred, and the women were sociable and dignified, without being pert. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world Miss Matilda was gay without being pert, and of a contented manner without being dull or indifferent The Galaxy, vol. 17 The typist, Miss Proserpine Garnett, is a brisk little woman of about 30, […], neatly but cheaply dressed in a black merino skirt and a blouse, rather pert and quick of speech, and not very civil in her manner, but sensitive and affectionate. George Shaw… Candida -)With the preposition in, immediately or mediately followed by its object (a noun, or a gerund), by which the immodest act is designated: […] she was not so forward in her questions or pert in her replies at sea as on shore. George MacDonald… The Light Princess We are very pert in our proclamations of this maxim. We are constantly requesting someone to mind his own business. The Rotarian, December 1931 They are pert in throwing their lances. Richard ɒrookes… The general gazetteer -)-)With the preposition about, immediately or mediately followed by its object (a noun), to signify the theme: She was as pert about other people's dress as she was nice about her own. She snubbed Fletcher, […] because his beard was too short. George Dawson… Biographical lectures I think she's altogether too pert about what don't concern her. ɛoseph Lincoln… Cy Whittaker's Place That's their fault. Mine, you will say, is being pert about politics when you would rather have anything else in a letter from Italy. Frederic ɜenyon… The Letters of Elizabeth Barrett -) With the preposition to, (rarely toward, upon, with), followed by its object (the noun of a person addressed insolently): […] she arrayed him in knickerbockers and despatched him to school, with many injunctions not to play truant, or pull the hair of small girls, or be pert to his teacher. Horace Vachell… The Soul of Susan Yellam [A] clever lad, who foolishly became too pert to his master. William Davis… A day in Old Roma […] young housekeepers whose children are rebellious, whose servants are extravagant, flaunting, over-dressed, and pert to their mistress, are not so well respected in other houses. John Ayscough… Pages from the past ‘Flora, I don’t like your tone. There is an unpleasant ring in it. Have you never heard that little girls should not be pert to their superiors?’ Margaret Hungerford… Beauty’s daughters Don’t think me insolently pert upon old people. Mrs. Chapone… Works This made her always authoritative with her domestics, or inferiours, to keep them in awe; pert with gentlemen, by way of being genteel; and rude with ladies, to shew herself their equal. Fanny ɒurney… The Wanderer Is he [the conductor] inclined to be pert toward passengers? Metropolitan, vol. 3 2. (Predicated of a personal thing) manifesting pertness; made with insolent promptness; characterized by offensive unreservedness. There was nothing pert about the child's reply; she meant it kindly, and it was so accepted by her listener. Edward Peple… The prince Chap Somehow Judy's words always seem more pert upon paper than they did upon her lips. Her naïveté, the twinkling light in her eyes, […], always modified greatly the expression of her words. George MacDonald… Annals of a Quiet Neighbourhood […] she made a pert speech in her own defence. Fitzgerald Molloy… The Life and adventures… Graham [brought] a bunch of old-fashioned garden flowers, […]. He tendered them to Helen clumsily, at which the irrepressible Patsy said something pert about the kind of floral tributes Helen usually received —“long stemmed ones done up with ribbons in a fancy box.” The Green book magazine, vol. 3 […] I was scolded for this pert speech; but the scolding did not alter my opinion, it rather confirmed it. The Anglo-American magazine, vol. 5 What are the forward, flippant manners of the young men of the present day, and especially their pert behaviour to ladies, in comparison with the refined, respectful, and courtly demeanour of their fathers? William Horlock… The master of the hounds How comes it that you can stand there and listen to his pert talk, and say no word to chide him? Is this how you guide your household? ɑrthur Doyle… Sir Nigel 3. (Predicated of an animated being) brisk; --it is an archaic, and maybe abusive, use. On one occasion a sparrow, rather perter than its fellows, advanced and made some threatening demonstration, but the waxwing darted so suddenly upon him, and used his bill to such excellent purpose that his would-be tormentor showed no disposition to renew the combat. Zoologist: a monthly journal…, vol. 22 Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of the Latin aperire: aperitif, aperture, aperitive, apertural, aperture, aperient, pertness, pertly. _pique_ Verb. Pronunciation: piːk. Etymology: from French piquer (= sting, stimulate, irritate, excite). Preterite tense: piqued (piːkt). Preterite participle: piqued. Present participle: piquing. Transitively: 1. To affect (a person) with a pique; to cause resentment or anger in. Translation: piquer, in French; picar, in Spanish; irritare, in Italian. Synonyms: to displease, offend, irritate annoy; fret, Antonyms: to please, gratify, flatter; soothe, mollify, appease. I felt half convinced that her refusal to sing was in consequence of our scientific conversation. I was little enough to enjoy the petty triumph of having piqued her without intending it. ɛohn Motley… Morton’s Hope For once Mary felt piqued and offended. Caroline Norton… The wife, and Woman’s reward […] having met with this disappointment, his stay at Court was very short; and he returned into Ireland very justly sowered and piqued against it. Ferdinando Warner… Rebellion and Civil-war in Ireland I think Mr. Wentworth was piqued about your early engagement with Charles Wilson. Graham's Magazine, vol., 20-21 The audience were evidently piqued about something which might have been easily explained Henry Cockton… The life and adventures of Valentine Vox "Certainly, sir — if I have the right to approve or disapprove," answered the old lady, who, in spite of the natural excellence of her heart, was somewhat piqued at not having been previously consulted upon the subject. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London -)To pique one’s pride: to affect one’s pride, by slighting. She is rich, and her gold must be obtained for our necessities; but pique her pride so as to prevent her listening to the representations of De Lorges to induce her to help La Rochelle. Louisa Costello… The Queen's Poisoner She had heard enough to pique her pride. Mary Robinson… A Letter to the Women of England I own my pride was piqued by this opinion of Miss Mortimer's. Mary ɒrunton… Discipline 2. To incite (a person) to something, as if by piercing. Synonyms: to stimulate, excite, instigate. -)With the preposition to, followed by a noun, or an infinitive: I do not know why this innocent pleasantry piqued me to say: "If I understand the Altrurians, my dear fellow, nothing could induce them to emigrate to America. As far as I can make out, they would regard it very much as we should regard settling among the Eskimos." William Howells… A Traveler from Altruria The duke of Buckingham patronized him, but having too much wit to be only beneficent, and perceiving the poor man to be immoderately vain, he piqued him to attempt portraits. George Vertue… Anecdotes of Painting in England This line of argument perfectly satisfied my reason; while a strong feeling of something like curiosity piqued me to proceed, and before many minutes elapsed, I reached the house. Charles Lever… Charles O'Malley, The Irish Dragoon The admiration which others might express for her charms and accomplishments would never pique him to competition. Maria Edgeworth… Leonora -)-)With the preposition into, followed by a gerund: "You are always so provoking, Robert. Cecil never cares of whom 1 talk; but listens with patience and good humour;—I wish you would take example by her.” "Thank you, my good mamma; but I am out of the nursery now, and not to be piqued into being a good boy through emulation, which said emulation, […] generally degenerates into vanity on one side, and jealousy and dislike on the other. Ellen Pickering… The Quiet Husband I do not know whether my readers will thank me for resuming my labours, when I tell them that I have been fairly piqued into doing so by a visit which an acquaintance has [… made to me]. Repository of Arts, Literature, Fashion 3. To cause (a feeling), as if by piercing. Ha, ha, ha! What does it matter how I took possession of the papers in his iron box? Perhaps he confided it to my hands for you, perhaps it was locked and my curiosity was piqued, perhaps I suppressed it. Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit The magnificence of his description piqued the curiosity of his employer, who expressed a strong desire to dine for once at this decoy-house. Repository of Arts, Literature, Fashion Reflexively: to become proud of something. Synonyms: to pride oneself. Translation: se piquer, in French; picarse, in Spanish; inorgoglirsi, in Italian. -)With the preposition on, or upon, followed by a noun, or a gerund, by which the cause of the pride is designated: […] she piqued herself on the precise neatness of all her chamber arrangements, and used to look uneasily at me when I lighted a bed-candle to go to another room for anything. Elizabeth Gaskell… Cranford What she piqued herself upon, as arts in which she excelled, was making candlelighters, or “spills” (as she preferred calling them), of coloured paper, cut so as to resemble feathers, and knitting garters in a variety of dainty stitches. Elizabeth Gaskell… Cranford Meanwhile a change was going on at the card table. Lord Lindmoor and Mrs. Praed had lost two double rubbers, and the loss had not increased the willingness of either to be pleased, since both piqued themselves on playing a very good game. Ellen Pickering… The Quiet Husband Flinter lost his triumphant look, and skulked about, doubting whether he had not done more harm than good by the stratagem on which he had before so piqued himself. Ellen Pickering… The Quiet Husband A Norman would have despised the barbarous magnificence of an entertainment, consisting of kine and sheep roasted whole, of goat's flesh and deer's flesh seethed in the skins of the animals themselves; for the Normans piqued themselves on the quality rather than the quantity of their food, and, eating rather delicately than largely, ridiculed the coarser taste of the Britons, although the last were in their banquets much more moderate than were the Saxons. Walter Scott… The Betrothed -)-)With the preposition at, or in, followed by a noun, or a gerund, by which the cause of the pride is designated: […] we returned in the evening not at all fatigued, and piqued ourselves at not being outdone at the nightly ball by our less active friends, who had remained at home. ɛames ɒoswell… The Life of Samuel Johnson [Children] may take pleasure, and pique themselves in being kind, liberal, and civil, to others. ɛohn Locke… Some thoughts concerning education That's where I pique myself in showing what I am. The Anglo-American Magazine, Volume 7 _pomp_ Noun. Plural: pomps. Pronunciation: pQmp. Etymology: from French pompe. This French word is from Latin pompa, and this Latin one is from Greek pompē (= a sending, a solemn procession, a train, parade, display, pomp) from the Greek verb pémpein (= to send). It is etymologically and semantica lly identical with Spanish pompa, Italian pompa, and French pompe. Words derived from English pomp: pomp (verb), pompal, pompous, pompously, pompousness, pomposity, unpompous, pompless. 1. (Archaic acceptation) a public parade; a ceremonial procession; a triumphal train; a showy pageant; a flaunty march. This is the custom of sending on a basket-woman, who is to precede the pomp at a coronation, and to strew the stage with flowers, before the great personages begin their procession. Henry Fielding… The History of Tom Jones Those pomps or processions of young men and damsels […] who […] displayed themselves at the festivals. John Robinson… Archæologia Græca 2. Hence: a magnificent show concomitant with an act, with a process, or with a state, and intended to be admired by an human plurality; magnificence; sumptuous display or celebration. Synonyms: splendour, ostentation. Antonym: vulgarity, unostentatiousness, plainess, simplicity. He was crowned King of England, with great pomp, at Westminster. Charles Dickens… A Child’s Story of England Washington is like a household preparing a great feast -bustle and confusion. This week the ceremony of inaugurating the new President takes place with the usual pomp. Mendell and Hosmer… Notes of Travel and Life The marriage was solemnized with much pomp, and a few days after there was a feast in that very wainscoted chamber which you paused to remark was so gloomy. Charles Maturin… Melmoth the Wanderer The title of Princess of Wales was not conferred upon her, but she was surrounded by all the pomps and emblems of sovereignty. ɛames Froude… The Reign of Mary Tudor I found myself within a strange city […]. The pomps and pageantries of a stately court, and the mad clangor of arms, and the radiant loveliness of women, bewildered and intoxicated my brain. Edgar Poe… Eleonora […] our troops are marching in all the pomp of war, and a camp is marked out on the Isle of Wight. Samuel Johnson… The Adventurer and Idler In pomp of show they far excelled our English mysteries, in which few persons appeared, and the scenery was simple. Henry Hallam… Introduction to the Literature of Europe 3. Pomps: pompous displays, actions, or things. 4. Metaphorically, when referred to natural facts. As she descended on the Italian side, the precipices became still more tremendous, and the prospects still more wild and majestic, over which the shifting lights threw all the pomp of colouring. Ann Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho The rich pomp of these woods was particularly delightful to Emily; and she viewed with astonishment the fortifications of the castle spreading along a vast extent of rock, and now partly in decay, the grandeur of the ramparts below, and the towers and battlements and various features of the fabric above. Ann Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho 5. With less propriety: ostentation; showiness. [Madame de Stäel] recited them [verses] often with great pomp and emphasis, and said, “That is what I call poetry!” William Gardiner… Music of Nature At home nothing will equal the pomp and splendour of the Hotel de la Republiq ue. Edmund ɒurke… Speeches _pornography_ Noun Pronunciation and accent: pO;nQgrəfI. Plural: pornographies. Etymology: from French pornographie; from Greek pornographos writing of harlots (from porn-) prostitute + -graphos writing). Etymological identity with Spanish pornografía, Italian pornografia and French pornographie. This suffix –graphy occurs in such compounds as calligraphy, cryptography, lithograp hy, photography, geography, bibliography, biography, monography, lexicograp hy, orthography, ideography, iconography, cinematography, phonography. 1. A description of prostitutes or of prostitution; --obsolete acceptation. 2. Pornographic writing; prosaic or poetical writing with a description of either fictio na l or real fuck, its prelude, complements or alternatives (anal coitus, fingering, cunnilingus, fellatio, masturbation, etc.) My Secret Life is a worthy pornography dated in the year 1888 and composed pseudonymously by a certain Walter. 3. The art of representing, as in painting, or of copying, as in photography and cinematography, the sexiness of humans, principally by means of a nudity or a seminudity; artistic representation of the superficial nature of humans being naked (or partially naked) in an either subjectively or objectively erogenous attitude; the result of this artistic process; the sculpture, the painting, the film, the photography, the portrait produced by a pornographer. 4. The art of representing, as in painting, or of copying, as in photography and cinematography, the sexiness of a fuck (and/or its prelude, complement or substitute, as anal coitus, fingering, cunnilingus, fellatio, mutual masturbation, etc.) between a man and a woman (heterosexual fuck), between two men or two women (homosexual fuck), among several persons who swing, or, rarely, between a person and other animal than a human; the result of this artistic process; the sculpture, the painting, the film, the photography, the portrait produced by a professional or occasional pornographer. Antonyms: horror, horror comic (film, movie, picture). Sex Survivors is a cinematographic pornography with the beautiful Elza Brown. Postdefinition: pornographic art is the romanticization or the idealization of sex, on any of the parts concerning its making: the pornographer, the spectator or the actors. Suppressors vilipend pornography as being a “commercialism”, but this art is not only about making money from the sexual romantics or idealists who buy it: there is also an uncommercial pornography unprofessionally made by persons who amuse themselves with the facture of it. The vocable pornography may be used objectively: if “geography of America” is a correct and objective construction, so “pornography of Elza Brown” should be, where Elza Brown is the object of the art of filming her. Not to exhaust the rest of syntactical possibilities, as “my pornography”, “your pornography”, “pornography by Luca Damiano”, etc. _praise_ Verb. Pronunciation: preIz. Etymology: from Old French preisier (= to price, praise), and this one from Latin pretium (= price). Third-person singular simple present: she/he praises. Preterite tense, preterite participle: praised. Present participle: praising. Transitively: 1. (It is an obsolete acceptation) to assign a price to (something vendible); value, appraise. 2. To predicate of (someone or something) laudatorily; to manifest verbally approbation of; to speak the praise of; to tell one or more eulogistic attributes of. Synonyms: to laud, extol, commend, eulogize, magnify. Antonyms: to depreciate, blame, to reproach, reprove, censure, carp at, scold, chide, rebuke, reprimand, berate, taunt, twit, snub. Translation: loar, in Spanish; lodare, in Italian; louer, in French. The Mexican paintings however, which some have extravagantly praised, are depreciated by other writers. James Elmes… Dictionary of the fine arts He looked at the picture, praised it […], and congratulated the ɑrtist. Charle Lester… The artists of America I praised the propriety of his language, and was answered that I need not wonder, for he had learned it by grammar. Samuel ɛohnson… A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland He asked which was my house, and being told, praised it, as indeed it was one of the best in the place. Robert Kerr… Voyages and Travels, Vol. 9 The battle of La Hogue I have heard praised as the best historic picture. Charle Lester… The artists of America […] they don't know when to abuse him, and when to praise him. Frances ɒurney… Diary and letters I praised her cunt, said it was delicious, my eulogies delighted her so, that instead of ten minutes she stopped nearly an hour, stripped all but stockings, to let me see her exquisite form, and I fucked again her lubricious unwashed channel. Walter… My secret life Her feet were washed and white, and I kissed and praised them. Walter… My secret life -)Reflexively: […] we have praised ourselves with so little decency, and have monopolized with so little reserve every attribute of freedom, heroism, intelligence, […] that we cannot be surprised if other countries should be somewhat reluctant to concede, what we so indecorously demand. ɒenjamin Silliman… A journal of travels in England… -)-)With the preposition for, to designate the respect: If any one was praised for beauty, Clara was immediately pronounced much prettier. Charles Lever… The Confessions… In my childhood I was praised for the readiness with which I could multiply and divide, by memory alone, two sums of several figures. Edward Gibbon… Memoirs of My Life and Writings He is not so much praised for correctness of design in his figures, as for his skill in the ornamental parts, as flowers, fruits, and animals. Thomas Roscoe… The History of Painting in Italy […] he chose rather to be laughed at than praised for his achievement. Walter Scott… Quentin Durward I have heard the Germans praised for their sincerity and honesty. William Howells… A Fearful Responsibility and Other Stories She was praised for having been the most ingenious worker in wool. The Dublin Review, vol. 4 I praised her for having a perfectly shaped soft ass. ɒrent Grasson… Secret Maternal fantasies -) The object of the verb may be the quality, instead of the person: The whole party were dressed in their gayest attire, and looked remarkably neat and comfortable. We talked to them a moment in bad Portuguese, praised the beauty of the child, patted it on the cheek. ɛohn Dix… A winter in madeira Those who went to Tututepec, near the South Sea, brought back samples of gold, and praised the pleasantness of the country. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels […] instead of apologizing for the defects, he commenced praising the beauties of the mansion-house. J. Fenimore Cooper… The Pioneers "You strip," said she laughing. — In a minute I was naked. — "Oh! what smooth flesh," and she began to kiss my breasts, and feel my back, I kissing hers; and so we stood naked, kissing each other's flesh, and looking and praising each other's beauties. Walter… My secret life He came with a handsome present of corn and meal, and, after praising our kindness to the villagers who had assembled around us, asked them, "What do you stand gazing at? David Livingstone… Missionary Travels Other English words derived from Latin pretium: depreciate, depreciant, depreciated, depreciating, depreciatingly, depreciation, depreciative, depreciator, depreciatory, precious, price, preciosity, preciously, preciousness, price (noun, verb), priceable, priceableness, priced, priceless, pricelessly, pricelessness, pricer, pricey, pricing, prize (reward), prize (to value), prized, prizeless, prizeman, prizewoman, prize-money, prizing, appreciate, appreciated, appreciating, appreciatingly, appreciation, appreciative, appreciatively, appreciativeness, appreciator, appreciatorily, appreciatory, appreciably, appreciable, appraisable, appraisal, appraise, appraised, appraisee, appraisement, appraiser, appraising, appraisingly, appraisive, appraisively, unprized, unprizable, praised, praise (noun), praisable, praisableness, praisably, praiseful, praisefully, praisefulness, praiseless, praiser, praiseworthily, praiseworthiness, praiseworthy, praising, praisingly, unpraised, unpraiseful, unpraiseworthy, unpraisable, unpraise. _preparatory_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: prIpærətərI. Etymology: from Latin præparatus, which is preterite participle of præparare (= to prepare). This præparare is analysable into prae- (= pre-) and parare (= prepare.) 1. Used or done in order to prepare for something; used or done as a preparation to do or use something else. It is etymologically and semantically identical to French préparatoire; to Spanish preparatorio; to Italian preparatorio. Antonyms: posterior, subsequent. Synonyms: introductory, preparative, preliminary. The driver settled himself back in his seat, and after a few preparatory coughs, and a swallow of brandy, to clear his throat, began his narration. ɑllan Pinkerton… The Burglar's Fate and the Detectives He seized on the flagon accordingly, and drinking a preparatory mouthful, paused as if to estimate the strength and flavour of the generous liquor. Apparently he was pleased with both, for he nodded in approbation to the butler. Walter Scott… The Betrothed -)With the preposition to, before a noun or a gerund designative of the final purpose: A long hiss, which it [the serpent] uttered, and which I deemed preparatory to its springing at me, wound up my feelings to a pitch of desperation. Robert Gillies… Tales of a voyager to the Arctic ocean […] those who have not had the advantage of good instruction preparatory to matriculation. James Pycroft… The student’s guide… This cannonade was preparatory to another attack. The illustrated history of the war against Russia, vol. 1 The child will not improve himself by repeating the actions of writings but by repeating the acts preparatory to writing. Maria Montessori… The Discovery of the Child […] studies preparatory to a College course. The Yale literary magazine, vol. 12 [Malting] is a process preparatory to brewing or distilling. The Farmer’s magazine, vol. 4 -)-)This construction “preparatory to” becomes idiomatic where it is referred to a clause instead of to a noun. In the following quotation, “Dr. Sly, who was flourishing a carvingknife and fork, preparatory to dissecting a gorgeous haunch, had these fearful instrume nts suddenly precipitated into a trifle, from whose sugared trellis-work he found great difficulty in extricating them”, the “preparatory to” combination refers to the action of flourishing the instruments. Such idiomatic construction is qualified as quasi-adverbia l, because it can not qualify as an adverb, being impossible for it to modify independently an adjective or other adverb. This construction may also be interpreted as referring to the implicit noun of “action”. Thus, “Dr. Sly, who was flourishing a carving-knife and fork, [action] preparatory to dissecting a gorgeous haunch…” It is equivalent to preparatorily. Dr. Sly, who was flourishing a carving-knife and fork, preparatory to dissecting a gorgeous haunch, had these fearful instruments suddenly precipitated into a trifle, from whose sugared trellis-work he found great difficulty in extricating them. ɒenjamin Disraeli… Vivian Grey […] when he descended to the office of the hotel, preparatory to partaking of his morning repast, he noticed with some little surprise that a new face was behind the counter. Allan Pinkerton… The Detectives [Jonas] put on his hat and greatcoat preparatory to escorting them [the ladies] to Todgers's. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit As the beadle coughed, preparatory to bidding her good night, bashfully inquired whether- whether he wouldn't take a cup of tea? Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist [Maria] was standing in the gang-way, wrapped in her cloak, adjusting her veil over her face preparatory to descending, when some one blundered against her. Captain Merry… The gold seekers They were discussing their piratical plans, in which all we could hear distinctly was, that they would unite with the crew of a schooner Hornet, and, if possible, get the schooner herself into their possession preparatory to some attempt on a large scale, the particulars of which could not be made out by either of us. Edgar Allan Poe (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym) I was caressing her vulva with my hand preparatory to cunnilingus, when I inadvertently let a finger stray into the crevice of her buttocks, and its tip pressed into her anus. She stiffened and cried out, and almost instantly went into orgasm. Nancy Friday (Forbidden flowers) The hostess, who was busy in various fizzing and stewing operations over the fire, preparatory to the evening meal, stopped, with a fork in her hand, as Eliza's sweet and plaintive voice arrested her. Harriet ɒeecher Stowe (Uncle Tom’s Cabin) The light of the cheerful fire shone on the rug and carpet of a cosey parlor, and glittered on the sides of the tea-cups and well-brightened tea-pot, as Senator Bird was drawing off his boots, preparatory to inserting his feet in a pair of new handsome slippers, which his wife had been working for him while away on his senatorial tour. Harriet ɒeecher Stowe (Uncle Tom’s Cabin) Her smooth auburn hair was as soft and bright as it had been when she had braided it preparatory to a Barlingford tea-party in the days of her spinsterhood. Mary Elizabeth Braddon (Birds of Prey) Second definition: a. (Predicated of a school) in which pupils are prepared for a pupildom to follow either in other school qualified as “advanced”, or in a college. b. (Predicated of a scholar) being a pupil in a preparatory school; being prepared in a preparatory school. c. (Predicated of something) of or pertaining to preparatory school […] this is what concerns the actual practitioner rather than the preparatory student. The Critical review, vol. 21 Preparatory students continued to outnumber the collegiate students… Aaron D. Purcell (University of Tennessee) […] East Tennessee College maintained a preparatory and scientific department. Aaron D. Purcell (University of Tennessee) The schools of preparatory instruction. Henry Hallam (Introduction to the literature of Europe) Third definition: (As a noun, the plural being preparatories): a. Obsolete employme nt. Preparative act; preparative. b. Preparatory school. Other English vocables derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of Latin parare: apparatus, disparate, disparately, disparateness, emperorship, emperor, parapet, parasol, paravent, pare, pared, pareable, unpared, parry (noun, verb), parried, parrying, repair (noun, verb), repairability, repairable, repairableness, repaired, repairer, repairing, unrepaired, unrepairable, separate (noun, adj. verb), separatedly, separately, separateness, separating (noun, adj.), separation, separationism, separationist, separatism, separatist, separatistic, separative, separatively, separativeness, separator, separatress, separatory, separatrix, unseparated, separable, separableness, separably, separabililty, inseparable, inseparability, inseparableness, inseparably, inseparate, inseparately, inseparation, vituperate, vituperant, vituperate (verb, adj.), vituperated, vituperation, vituperative, vituperatively, empire, imperative, imperatively, imperativeness, imperator, imperatorship, imperatorial, imperatorially, imperial, imperialism, imperialist, imperialistic, imperialistically, imperiality, imperialize, imperialization, imperially, imperialness, imperialty, imperation, imperatival, unimperative, parachute (noun, verb), parachuted, parachuter, parachuting, parachutist, parachutism, parade (noun, verb), paraded, paradeful, paradeless, parader, rampart (noun, verb), ramparted, ramparting, rampire, rampired, rampiring, sever, severable, severality, severalize, severally, severalty, severance, severation, severed, severer, severing, severingly, unsevered, unseveredly, unseverable, unseverably, inseverable, inseverably, prepare (noun, verb), preparable, preparation, preparative, preparatively, preparator, preparatorily, prepared, preparedly, preparedness, preparer, preparing, preparingly, unprepared, unpreparation, unprepare, unpreparedly, unpreparedness, parison _proficient_ Adjective and noun. Pronunciation and accent: prəʊfɪʃənt. Etymology: from Latin prōficiens, present participle of prōficĕre (= to advance, make progress, profit, be useful), from prō (prefix) + facĕre, (= to do, make). See PROFIT. Adjective: (of a person) a. Obsolete: progressing towards his perfection. b. Having or manifesting proficiency; proficiently skilled in something; proceeding wonderfully in the acquisition of learning. Synonyms: skilled; adept, expert, versed. Antonyms: unskilled, clumsy. Translation: expert, in French; proficiente, in Spanish; proficente, in Italian. This admirable introduction will, in all probability, henceforth be the text book of all botanists, both incipient and proficient, of Britain, and of very many out of Britain as well. ɛohn Loudon… The magazine of natural history -)With the preposition in (rarely at) + a noun, or a gerund, by which the business, learning, etc., is designated: […] they are expert hunters of the hippopotami and other animals, and very proficient in the manufacture of articles of wood and iron. David Livingstone… South Africa "Dancing in a ball-room, and dancing upon the stage, are two very different things," said the manager. "You will have to undergo a course of training, the length of which will depend upon your skill […]. I have known young ladies become proficient in a month - others in a year - many never, in spite of all their exertions. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London […] the common course of puerile studies, in which he was no great proficient. Samuel ɛohnson… The Adventurer and Idler [He] was proficient at tennis, fives, billiards and all fashionable games, an uncommonly elegant dancer. ɑlfred Spencer… Memoirs of William Hickey Deringham was, however, proficient at finding excuses for himself. Harold ɒindloss… Alton of Somasco Noun: one who has or manifests proficiency; one who has made progress in some art; an “advanced” learner. Synonyms: expert, adept. […] Mary became, under her mother’s care, a considerable proficient in music, and an excellent French and Italian scholar. Mary ɒrunton… Discipline He was a considerable proficient in music, painting, and several mechanic arts. William Prescott… History of the reign of Ferdinand… […] where she presided at the piano, in which she was a proficient. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London […] their works, if properly consulted, are useful both to learner and proficient; but if made the objects of their study, rather than occasional assistants, they will certainly be pernicious. Nathan Drake… The Gleaner In one thing she is most assuredly a proficient—I mean the art of flirting. Zara Wentworth… The force of bigotry Words derived from PROFICIENT: proficiently, proficiency. _proscribe_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: prəʊskraɪb. Etymology: from Latin proscribere (= to write in front of; publish by writing, offer in writing for sale; to post the name of a person as doomed to death), from pro- (= before) + scribere ( = to write). Preterite tense: proscribed (prəʊˈskraɪbd). Preterite participle: proscribed. Present participle: proscribing. 1. To post or publish the name of (a person) as condemned to death or to forfeiture. Hence, to condemn, as to death. Synonyms: to banish; exile, outlaw. He was proscribed and banished and threatened with death if he ever returned to Connecticut. W. O. Raymond… Glimpses… He remained in England (with the exception of a short visit to Paris) till the following year, when Robespierre proscribed him, and shortly afterwards Mr. Pitt ordered him to quit the country in twenty-four hours. The Eclectic Magazine, vol. 31 Why did not the kings who proscribed me openly decree my death? ɛohn ɑbbott… Napoleon… 2. (Of an authority) to forbid (an action or thing) by command or by public order; to decree the proscription of. Hence: (of any person) to declare against the doing of (an action) or the use of (a thing), as if forbidding it; inveigh against; to denounce (a thing) as rejectable, worthless, useless, etc. Translation: proscrire, in French; proscribir, in Spanish; proscrivere, in Italian. Synonym: to prohibit. If Cromwell persecuted the Irish, who were defeated enemies as well as—many of them—criminal assassins, and proscribed their religion, he was only following too rigidly and faithfully the example… The Edinburgh Review, vol. 88-122 I know that I have acted against the wish of my father, in visiting one of the countries he proscribed. ɛane Porter… Thaddeus […] who had taken upon them to proscribe all modern efforts to write with elegance in a dead language. Samuel ɛohnson… Tales We need not […] altogether proscribe the expression, "productive power of capital"… ɛohn Mill… Essays… Words derived from the verb PROSCRIBE: proscribed, proscriber, proscription, prescript, proscriptive, proscriptively, proscriptiveness, proscribable. English words derived from Latin scribere, see ASCRIBE. _prose_ Verb. Pronunciation: prəUz. Present third person singular: she/he proses. Preterite tense, preterite participle: prosed. Present participle: prosing. Etymology: denominative verb from the noun prose. Intransitively: to write, compose, speak or talk prosaically; this is, to use words in prose, with neglect of poeticizing or versifying. Antonyms: to poeticize, versify, rime. Translation: prosaïser, in French; prosare, in Italian; componer en prosa, in Spanish. […] in the chimney-corner, they all four quaffed, and smoked, and prosed, and dozed, as they had done of old. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge […] I am convinced, out and out, that by prosing for a while in periodical works, I may maintain myself decently. ɛohn ɜeats… The Complete works… “This I know,” he said to Medwin, “that whether in prosing or in versing, there is something in my writings that shall live for ever.” ɑddington Symonds… Shelley Mrs. Dana came down stairs, and completed the fireside group. “What have you two been prosing about?” asked Charley, presently. “I have been talking –Miss Ida listening,” said Lynn Marion Harland… Alone “ɒut what do they come here for?” added Theresa; “we don’t want them prosing about their fine manners and our rudeness, we desire no such dull people.” Mrs. Sherwood… The Works of Mrs. Sherwood I shall be prosing over the merits of some neglected tract, when I should be describing some wonderful adventure. Egerton Brydges (Restituta) It was a common recommendation of Oxford tutors to the candidates for the Univers ity Prize Essays, that they should not write without ideas, […] that they should not make their compositions mere prosing upon truisms. The Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. 89 We hope our readers feel, without our prosing upon the subject, that it is high time, amidst our improvements of every sort, that some effort should be made, to faster polite literature among us. The Western Monthly, vol. 1 […] are there some among us who have sat at good men’s feasts, -some who have prosed with the learned […] The Edinburgh Review, vol. 42 Transitively: 1. To verbalize (something) in prose; to translate or paraphrase into prose what is written or told poetically Translation:prosaïser, in French; prosaicizzare, in Italian; componer (converter) en prosa, in Spanish. 2. To make (someone or something) vary from a state to another by prosing; to talk or lecture (some one) into or to a state. -) With the preposition into before a noun or a gerund denotative of the state. -) With the preposition to before a noun or an infinitive denotative of the state. Other English vocables derived from prose: proser, prosing, prosingly, prosist, prosaic, prosaically, prosaicalness, prosaicism, prosaicness, prosaism, prosaist, prosily, prosy, prosiness _prosper_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: pr spə(r). Etymology: from French prospérer, from Latin prosperāre (= to cause a thing to succeed, to render prosperous), from prosper. Preterite tense: prospered. Preterite participle : prospered. Present participle: prospering. Intransitively: 1. (Of a person, family, society, etc.) to be prosperous, successful, fortunate; to live or undertake something with prosperity. Translation: prospérer, in French; prosperar, in Spanish; prosperare, in Italian. Synonyms: to flourish, thrive, succeed, do well. But he had paid madame his little note at it over night, and wanted to see nobody—wanted nothing but to get on his shoes and his knapsack, open the door, and run away. He prospered in his object. No movement or voice was heard when he opened the door Charles Dickens… Little Dorrit I prospered in business. William Clarke… Three Courses and a Dessert As soon as they were dressed, and at every interval when he was not upon the stage, Nicholas renewed his instructions. They prospered well. The Romeo was received with hearty plaudits and unbounded favour, and Smike was pronounced unanimously, alike by audience and actors, the very prince and prodigy of Apothecaries. Charles Dickens… Nicholas Nickleby 2. (Of a thing) to be prosperous; to have the desired result; to turn out prosperously. After fifteen years' residence upon his great Virginian estate, affairs prospered so well with the worthy proprietor, that he acquiesced in his daughter's plans for the building of a mansion much grander and more durable than the plain wooden edifice in which he had been content to live, so that his heirs might have a habitation worthy of their noble name. William Thackeray… The Virginians The vines prospered so well that, in the following year, Eaton planted five or six times as many more. Harris Newmark… Sixty Years in Southern California […] she had been encouraged to manufacture linen, and her trade in linen prospered. William Hunt… The Political History of England "Everything has prospered with him in an extraordinary manner. His business has thriven […]; and, to crown all, he has made a large fortune by a lucky speculation in South-Sea stock,—made it, too, where so many others have lost fortunes… William ɑinsworth… Jack Sheppard 3. (Of a plant) to grow or develop well (vigorously, luxuriantly, etc.) Synonyms: to thrive, to flourish. The young plant will be ready for transplanting in June: they prosper best in a substantial soil… Henry Phillips… Flora historica This plant prospers best in a rather shady situation. The Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art Transitively: to cause to be prosperous; to render successful; to promote the prosperity of. Everything concurred in prospering her views. Lady Campbell… The Lady of Fashion […] and that money prospered me. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London English words derived from Latin prosper: prospering, prosperity, prosperous, prosperously, prosperousness, prosperer, prospered. _pry_ Verb Pronunciation: praI Etymology: from Middle English prien, which is of unknown origin. Walter Skeat wrote: it is merely the same word as Middle English piren (to peer) Third-person singular simple present: he/she pries Preterite tense, preterite participle: pried Present participle: prying. Intransitively: 1. To look curiously, inquisitively or impertinently; this is, to peer scrutinizingly Synonyms: to peer, spy Translation:mirar curiosamente, in Spanish; scrutare, in Italian; scruter, in French […] the room was dark; and as she made no answer to his call, he was fain to go back for the lamp. He held it up, and looked round, everywhere, expecting to see her crouching in some corner; but the room was empty. So, into the drawing-room and dining-room he went, in succession, with the uncertain steps of a man in a strange place; looking fearfully about, and prying behind screens and couches; but she was not there. Charles Dickens (Dombey and Son) -) With the preposition about, followed by a noun, designative of the place: […] as she pried about his room, she saw, oh, such a beautiful dressing-case, with silver mountings. Kate Sweetser (Boys and girls from Thackeray) One man came with the professed object of having a board painted with a device for some charitable institution. During the progress of its painting, he called several times with two or three persons […], who, while he was [… telling] directions about the execution of the design, busied themselves by prying about the place, asking questions. Douglas ɛerrold’s Shilling Magazine, vol. 6 -) With the adverb about, to imply that the prier looks here and there: Whatever the woman could lay hands on she hid away; a hen could not cackle but she was on the alert to secure the new-laid egg. Her husband was continually prying about to detect her secret hoards Washington Irving (Tales of a Traveller) While gazing on the landscape, my attention was suddenly arrested by a column of dense smoke which seemed to emerge from a cluster of trees behind a small house. […] I pried about in every direction to ascertain whence it proceeded. ɒentley’s Miscellany, vol. 17 The naval commander pried about in the forecastle, and under the run of the cabin, but nothing of what he sought was to be seen. Walter Gibson (The Prison of Weltevreden) […] a soldier of the watch was going his rounds on the outside of the breastwork, listening, if perchance he might catch, as was not unusual, a portion of the conversation among the beleaguered burghers within. Prying about on every side, he at last discovered a chink in the wall, the result, doubtless, of the last cannonade, and hitherto overlooked. John Motley (The Rise of the Dutch Republic) -) With the preposition at: (unusual syntax) [The women] came about him like a swarm of bees, angry at first, humming a note like that of the telegraph wire on a mountain road, but, as he stood his ground, curiosity prevailed among them and they pried closely at him. Maurice Hewlett (Lore of Proserpine) -) With the preposition into, followed by a noun, designative of the object of one’s attention: Rose looked up and said, "I wonder Jacintha does not come; it is certainly past the hour;" and she pried into the room as if she expected to see Jacintha on the road. Charles Reade (White Lies) [The police-officer] deliberately searched the pockets of the coat which I had worn the evening before, then opened the drawers in the room, and even pried into the bed. Edward Bulwer-Lytton (A Strange Story) The blue-jay always pried into packages by pecking a hole in the wrapper and examining the contents through that. Olive Miller (In Nesting Time) Now, I am the most inquisitive of mankind. I feel that if I were a clerk in a bank, I 'd spend the day prying into every one's account, and learning the exact state of his balance-sheet. Charles Lever (A Day's Ride) […] I roamed about the deck, prying into holes and corners, until the stevedores knocked off for dinner. Frank T. Bullen (The Log of a Sea-Waif) We are employed in going up Mountains, looking at strange towns, prying into old ruins and eating very hearty breakfasts. ɛohn ɜeats (Letters of ɛohn ɜeats…) "Liverpool," said one of its inhabitants to me, "is more like an American than an English city; it is new, bustling, and prosperous." I saw some evidences of this after I had got my baggage through the custom-house, which was attended with considerable delay, the officers prying very closely into the contents of certain packages which I was taking for friends of mine to their friends in England, cutting the packthread, breaking the seals, and tearing the wrappers without mercy. William Bryant (Letters of a Traveller) It is this truly feminine propensity which induces her continually to be prying into the cabinets of princes, listening at the key-holes of senate chambers, and peering through chinks and crannies. Washington Irving (Knickerbocker's History of New York) Extensively: pry into: to search inquisitively into (something learnable); to make an inquiry into (a fact, etc.) As long as he was rich, none pried into his conduct. Edward Bulwer-Lytton (The Last Days of Pompeii) Many of the younger Forsytes felt, very naturally, and would openly declare, that they did not want their affairs pried into. John Galsworthy (The Forsyte Saga) While father and son were prying into his secrets, Raffles Haw had found his way to Elmdene, where Laura sat reading the Queen by the fire. Arthur Doyle (The Doings of Raffles Haw) We lived in a small town in Arkansas, where everyone knew each other and pried into what everyone else in the community was doing. Michelle Lee (Secrets) Extensively: pry out: to search; to find out by prying into something Other English words derived from pry: pry (noun), prying, pryingly, prier _puny_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: pjuːnɪ. Etymology: from Old French puisné (= literally: born after; hence: younger), which is analysed into puis (= afterwards) + né (= born). Comparative form: punier. Superlative form: puniest. 1. Obsolete values: a. Junior. b. Recent. c. Inexperienced. 2. Characterized by puniness: a. (Of something corporeal) of little size. b. (Of something incorporeal) of little importance. c. (Of a person) of little estimation; petty. d. (Of a human being or another animal) of little size; of small growth; undersized. Antonyms: massive, stout, corpulent; paramount, great. Translation: chétif, in French; pequeño, in Spanish; piccolo, in Italian. But this was puny expense compared with that which they often incurred, by the damage done to the furniture and servants, in the madness of their intoxication, as well as the loss they sustained at hazard. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle The hangman turned and bowed in mock reverence to the spectators beneath him. He had not yet learned in a land of puny archers how sure and how strong is the English bow. ɑrthur Doyle… Sir Nigel […] ɑ nearly invisible smoke came from the puny chimney of the hut. Thomas Hardy… The Hand of Ethelberta […] their concerns were puny in comparison with their pretensions Harriet Martineau… British rule in India The next day we made a valuable addition to our household. Among the Indians who came out to work was a lad who spoke Spanish. He was the puniest, lankest, and leanest of any we had seen on the hacienda, and his single garment was the dirtiest. ɛohn Stephens… Incidents of Travel in Yucatan "Well, here is the youngster, Mrs. Sharp," he said, on alighting from his vehicle. "He is rather smaller and punier than I like, but I have no doubt that he will prove willing and obedient." T. S. ɑrthur… Lizzy Glenn Words derived from puny: punyish, punyism, puniness. _Pursuantly_ Adverb Etymology: derived from English pursuant, which is the present participle of Old French poursivre (= to pursue). Old French poursivre is from the Latin verb prosequi (= to follow), and is composed with pro- (=forward) and sequi (= to follow). Definition: in a manner that is pursuant or consequent; consequently. Equivalents: consecuentemente, conseguentemente, in Italian. in Spanish; conséquemment, in French; As noted earlier, the process of healing in a complex hospital situation involves several tasks undertaken by different departments specializing in each of these tasks. Pursuantly, the professionals in each of these departments too would vary in terms of their specialization and roles. B. R. Sinha (Encyclopedia of Professional Education) -) Construed with the preposition to: Conséquemment à, in French; conseguentemente a, in Italian; consecuentemente a, in Spanish. […] now that we have a thoroughly constitutional form of Government under which the Revenue of the Crown is in reality the property of the people, to be appropriated and disposed of for their benefit pursuantly to their wishes […] William Hey (The Lower Canada Jurist, 1869) I was determined, by these circumstances, to examine the virtues of this herb preferably to all others; and, pursuantly to such intention, I consulted many of the ancient and modern writers on the subject. Edmund ɒurke (Dodsley’s ɑnnual Register) [The National] was arbitrarily precluded from furnishing to its subscribers, pursuantly to its contract with them, one of the most important articles of intelligence which a daily newspaper professes and undertakes to supply. John Mill – Ann Robson – John Robson (Newspaper Writings) Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of, Latin sequi: sequacious, sequaciously, sequaciousness, sequacity, sequel, sequence (noun, verb), sequenced, sequencing, sequencer, sequency, sequent, sequential, sequentially, sequentialism, sequentiality, sequentiary, sequently, sequester, sequestered, sequestrate, sequestrated, sequestration, sequestrator; subsequent, subsequence, subsequential, subsequentially, subsequently, consequence, consequenceless, consequent (noun, adj.), consequential (noun, adj.), consequentiality, consequentially, consequentialness, consequently, consecution, consecutive, consecutively, consecutiveness, inconsecutive, inconsecutively, inconsecutiveness, inconsequence, inconsequent, inconsequential, inconsequentialism, inconsequentiality, inconsequentially, inconsequentialness, inconsequently, inconsequentness, second (noun, adj., verb), seconding, secondarily, secondariness, secondary (adj., noun), secondee, seconder, seconding, secondly, secondment, secondness, unseconded; executable, executancy, executant, execute, executed, executer, executing (noun, adj.), execution, executional, executionary, executioner, executioneress, executive, executively, executor, executorial, executorship, executory (noun, adj.), executrix, re-execute, misexecute, misexecution, exequies, exequial, exequatur, intrinsic, intrinsical, intrinsicality, intrinsically, intrinsicalness, extrinsic, extrinsical, extrinsicality, extrinsically, extrinsicalness, extrinsicate, extrinsicism, extrinsicist, obsequious, obsequiously, obsequiousness, obsequiosity, obsequy, obsequence, obsequent, unobsequious, unobsequiousness; persecute, persecuted, persecuting, persecutee, persecution, persecutional, persecutive, persecutiveness, persecutor, persecutory, persecutress, unpersecuted, unpersecutive, pursuit, pursuable, pursual, pursuance, pursuant, pursue, pursued, pursuing, pursuingly, pursuer, unpursued, ensue, ensuer, ensuing (noun, adj.), sue, suable, suability, sueable, sued, suit (noun, verb), suitability, suitable (adj., adv.), suitableness, suitably, suitcase, suitcaseful, suite, suited, suiting, suitor, suitorship, suitress, suity, unsuitable, unsuit, unsuitability, unsuitableness, unsuitably, unsuited, unsuiting, lawsuit, nonsuit, nonsuiting, missuit, sect, sectarial, sectarian, sectarianism, sectarianize, sectarianizing, sectarianly, sectarism, sectary, sectator, sectism. _quaff_ Verb. Pronunciation: kw ːf, -æ-. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Intransitively: a. To drink in a large draught. b. To drink repeatedly with large draughts. Translation: boire à pleines gorgées, in French; beber de una vez o a gran trago, in Spanish; bere a grandi sorsate, in Italian. Syntax: with the preposition of + noun of the liquor or the cup: And when one had quaffed of the magical bowl, he found it still full. ɛohn Powell… Sketch… They have quaffed of the wrong cup! Elinor Glyn… The reason why Transitively: a. To drink of (liquor, beverage, etc.) in a large draught; to swallow copiously. b. To empty (a cup, etc.) by drinking in a large draught. This communication no doubt improved the lawyer’s appetite, and imparted a more exquisite flavor to the coffee that he quaffed from the delicate cup of painted Meissen porcelain. ɛulian Hawthorne… Dust […] Hatton filled his glass, and quaffed at once a bumper. ɒenjamin Disraeli… Sybil When the provender was duly supplied, and the first glass of champagne was quaffed, Chichester leant across the table, and said to the baronet… George Reynolds… The mysteries of London The work was severe, the weather sultry, and the hospitable Harry did not grudge his cider during the day. Deep draughts had been quaffed, and Harry could not suffer his guests to depart, without a cup round of his best. William Clarke… Three Courses and a Dessert He quaffed the lemonade with little, restrained sighs of enjoyment. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Lookout Man Hudson and self were up early next morning, long before the others were awake, and hastily quaffing a cup of tea brought by the ever watchful bearer, we mounted a small pad elephant which was in readiness… ɛames Inglis… Tent life The bride kissed the goblet; the knight took it up. He quaffed off the wine, and he threw down the cup. Franklin ɒaker… Everyday English English words derived from the verb QUAFF: quaffable, quaffer, quaffing, quaffingly. _quail_ Verb. Pronunciation: kweIl. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Third-person singular simple present: she/he quails. Preterite tense, preterite participle: quailed. Present participle: quailing. Intransitively: 1. (The subject: an animated being, or a plant) to pine; to die; hence, to fade, wither; -- obsolete acceptation. 2. (The subject: a factual thing, as an action, enterprise, etc.) to become forceless, ineffectual or resultless; -- obsolete acceptation. Synonyms: to fail, to become ineffective. […] the whole enterprise quailed. John Speed… The History of Great Brit. 3. (The subject: a sentiment, as hope, faith, etc.) to become feeble; -- obsolete acceptation. 4. (The subject being courage, etc.) to become feeble or lessened. Synonym: to faint. He was now, […], completely cowed […], and his courage seemed to have quailed in the iron gripe of the lion-hearted Jack. Washington Irving… Bracebridge Hall 5. (The subject: an animated being) to become quelled or discouraged; this is, to fail of confidence, security, or courage; to lessen in courage. Translation: intimidarse, in Spanish; scoraggiarsi, in Italian; se décourager, in French. Antonyms: to encourage oneself, exhort oneself. “It is well! mine is a name that must not be spoken among the homes of Venice. It would make thee thyself to quail couldst thou hear it spoken." William Simms… Southward Ho! His form was that of a giant, but he quailed under the captain's eye. Charles Dickens… Captain Boldheart… They lived at Camberwell; in a house so big and fierce that its mere outside, like the outside of a giant's castle, […] made bold persons quail. Charles Dickens… Every Child Can Read The writer of a history may, in some respects, be likened unto an adventurous knight, who having undertaken a perilous enterprise by way of establishing his fame, feels bound, in honor and chivalry to turn back for no difficulty nor hardship, and never to shrink or quail, whatever enemy he may encounter. Washington Irving… Knickerbocker's History… -)With the prepositions at, to or before, before a noun designative of what is daunting, formidable or intimating: […] there is a power in the eye of man, to which all other animals quail. Frederick Marryat… The King's Own For a moment the firm and decided bearing of the chieftains seemed to quail before the lofty, impetuous spirit of their leader. H. M. ɛones… The Scottish Chieftains "From information I have received," said he, looking round at us as we all quailed before him, "I have reason to believe there is a blacksmith among you, by name Joseph—or Joe—Gargery. Which is the man?" Charles Dickens… Great expectations Many of the members were greedy of a temporary popularity; and after braving the king and the court, they quailed to the orators who declaimed in the clubs. George Long… France and its revolutions A dark flash of suspicion crossed his mind, as he gazed at the individual he was addressing, who quailed not at his frowns. George Hansard… The book of archery "How many of you have eaten some of these? Tell the truth, now." They quailed before her sternness--quailed and confessed. All told, seven had swallowed the sweet pellets, in numbers ranging from two to a dozen more. ɒ. M. ɒower… Chip The tavern-keeper quailed before that searching glance, and I felt a relief when the old man withdrew his gaze. Thurlow Brown… Why I am a Temperance Man [Kate] had, it is true, quailed at the prospect of drudgery and hard service; but she had felt no degradation in working for her bread, until she found herself exposed to insolence and pride. Charles Dickens… Nicholas Nickleby Mr. Utterson had already quailed at the name of Hyde. Robert Stevenson… The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll… -)-)(Synecdochical construction) The subject may be heart, spirit, etc.: Her heart quailed at the possibility of his having overheard the conversation. Catherine Crowe (Susan Hopley) […] after a day of intense cold, and severe and incessant toil, amidst the wildest of scenery, they managed, about nightfall, to reach the camping ground, from which they had started in the morning, and for the first time in the course of their rugged and perilous expedition, felt their hearts quailing under their multiplied hardships. Washington Irving (The Adventures of Captain Bonneville) Sixth definition: (predicated of the eyes) to be manifesters that one is qualing or being intimidated Synonyms: to flinch, blench He turned first very red, and then very pale, whilst with a trembling hand he took the money and returned her the change. His eye quailed before hers. Catherine Crowe (Susan Hopley) Adrian, who when the Senator had unmasked had followed his example, felt at these words that his eye quailed beneath Rienzi's. Edward Bulwer Lytton (Rienzi) Slowly Aram lifted his eyes from the warrant, and it might be seen that his face was a shade more pale, though his look did not quail, or his nerves tremble. Edward Bulwer Lytton (Eugene Aram) I looked at him, and his eye quailed. Edward Bulwer Lytton (Harold) Accustomed from infancy to her mode of life, and this unusual domicile, her eye quailed not, nor did her heart beat quicker, as she looked down into the abyss below, or turned her eyes up to the beetling mass of rock which appeared, each moment, ready to fall down and overwhelm her. Frederick Marryat (Snarley-yow) Transitively: First definition: (obsolete acceptation) to impair or damage (something corporeal or incorporeal) Second definition: to cause (an animated being) to quail; this is, to cause to lessen in confidence, security, or courage Synonyms: to daunt, cow, intimidate, overawe Antonyms: to exhort, encourage, incite, stimulate Translation:intimidar, in Spanish; scoraggiare, in Italian; décourager, in French. “I understand it,” said Lupton, springing to his feet, “that boy…” “You must also understand, sir, that I am not to be interrupted,” said Mason, with a glance on Lupton that quailed him to his seat. The romancist and novelist’s library, vol. 2, by William Hazlitt These noble animals, accustomed all their lives to run free in the boundless woods, were wild as the winds; and when their proposing captors approached, made off with snorting nostrils […]. The hunters, […], had to follow, to tire down, to outstrip, to turn and turn them with thundering whips, and fierce shouts, and headlong galloping, till they had sufficiently quailed them, […], to cause them to move on before them in a throng or mob. William Howitt (Tallangetta) -) (Synecdochical construction) The direct object may be heart, spirit, etc.: Though protected from the rain, incessant flashes of lightning, [… with] loud and prolonged bursts of thunder, quailed her spirits. Timothy Shay ɑrthur (ɑrthur’s magazine) […] did this gigantic array of tyranny quail her spirit for a single moment? Nile’s weekly register, vol. 44 Other English vocables derived from the verb quail: quailer, quailing, unquailed, unquailing, unquailingly _Quell_ Verb Pronunciation: kwEl Etymology: from Middle English quellen (= to kill) Preterite tense, preterite participle: quelled Present participle: quelling Third-person singular simple present: quells Obsolete and pristine use: to kill Modern uses: 1. To make (a fact, a feeling, or the like) cease, mainly if it is undesired, unsuitable or disagreeable; to reduce to nothing; to cause the end of Synonyms: to suppress, allay, represss Antonyms: to foster, agitate Translation:reprimir, in Spanish; reprimere, in Italian; réprimer, in French. While I regarded this terrific animal, and more especially the appearance on its breast, with a feeling of horror and awe — with a sentiment of forthcoming evil, which I found it impossible to quell by any effort of the reason, I perceived the huge jaws at the extremity of the proboscis, suddenly expand themselves. Edgar Allan Poe In this occupation he was extremely diligent and successful; and, when the rebellion was quelled, was ordered to the Mediterranean. Edward Harding (Naval Biography) The insurrection was at length quelled. Anna Jameson (Memoirs of Celebrated Female Sovereigns) A gentle, smiling, and beseeching glance from my wife quelled the anger that was rising within me. People’s Howitt ɛournal With difficulty he kept the ape from her throat and after a time succeeded in quelling her fears.. Edgar Burroughs (The Beasts of Tarzan) […] when the city was sacked, when the soldiers were exhausted by their own excesses, the tumult rather subsided than was quelled. The Parterre of Fiction, vol. I M. La Jonquiere, with several of his officers and passengers, came on board the Speedwell to dine with me, on the 6th July. While they were on board, Hudson my boatswain raised a mutiny, which was easily quelled by the assistance of the French gentlemen Robert ɜerr (…Voyages and Travels) 2. To disable (a person or another animal) from continuing to fight, combat or resist Synonyms: to vanquish, overcome, subdue Antonyms: be vanquished, lose, surrender, capitulate, submit The whole company rose at my entrance; but when I saw so many eyes [… looking] at once upon me, I [… felt] a sudden imbecility, I was quelled by some nameless power which I found impossible to be resisted. Samuel Johnson (The rambler) The Spaniards also, who had revolted, were quelled by Cato the censor. Oliver Goldsmith (The history of Rome) Many of the insurgents surrendered and made their peace with the government; those who remained in arms were defeated and quelled. Edward Creasy (Memoirs of… Etonians) Other English words derived from quell: quelled, queller, quelling _quiesce_ Intransitive verb. Preterite tense, preterite participle: quiesced. present participle: quiescing. Pronunciation: kwaI3s, kwIEtymology: from Latin quiescere (= to be quiet), which is from the Latin noun quies (= quiet). 1. To become quiescent or quiet. Synonyms: to subside, still. Antonyms: to stir, move, to disquiet oneself. Translation: aquietarse, estarse quiescente, in Spanish; starsi quiescente, quietarsi, in Italian; devenir quiescent, se reposer, in French. He then shifted uneasily, like the terrier in the draught. Then he quiesced again, for a shorter time, but his next movement verged on convulsion, the springs of his chair squeaking abruptly, as if all the thirteen stone had fallen back on them together. Charles Montague… The Morning's War -)Particular syntax: with the preposition into + noun of the place in which someone becomes quiet, or the state in which someone results. The two theories, one that she was amusing herself with him, and the other that he was just playing with her, divided public opinion, but they did not molest either of the parties to the mystery; and the village, after a season of acute conjecture, quiesced into that sarcastic sufferance of the anomaly into which it may have been noticed that small communities are apt to subside from such occasions. William Howells… Annie Kilburn Mrs. Bellingham murmurously shakes hands with Miss Roberts, and after some kindly nods and smiles, and other shows of friendliness, provisionally and expectantly quiesces into a corner of the sofa, while her sister-in-law comes aggressively forward to assume the burden of conversation. William Howells… Out of the Question 2. (The subject being a letter) to become silent. […] consonants tending to quiesce into vowels. Alexander McDannald… The Encyclopedia Americana English words derived from Latin quiescere: quiescence, quiescency, quiescently. quiescent, Other English words derived from, or compounded with, the stems of Latin quies: quit (noun, adj., verb), quiet (noun, adj., verb), quieted, quietable, quitant, quieten, quietener, quietening, quieter, quieting, quietish, quitetive, quietize, quietless, quietlike, quietly, quietness, quietude, quittance, quitter, quitting, unquiescent, unquiet (noun, adj., verb), unquieted, unquieting, unquietly, unquietness, unquietude, requit, requital, requitative, requite (noun, verb), requited, requiting, requitement, requiter, acquit, acquittal, acquittance, acquitted, acquitter, acquitting, unacquitted, disquiet (adj., verb, noun), disquieted, disquietedly, disquitedness, disquieten, disquieter, disquieting (noun, adj.), disquietingly, disquietist, disquietly, disquietness, disquietude, inquiet (noun, adj.), inquietation, inquieting, inquietly, inquietude; coy (verb, adj.), coyish, coyishness, coyly, coyness. _quiver_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: kwɪvə(r). Etymology: of uncertain origin. Perhaps onomatopoeic Preterite tense: quivered. Preterite participle: quivered. Present participle: quivering. Intransitively: 1. (Said of a thing person) to undergo tremor, or a slight involuntary agitation of the body, or one of its parts; to move tremulously. Specially (of a person): to tremble with some emotion. Synonyms: to shake, tremble, vibrate, quake, shiver, quaver. Translation: trembler, in French; temblar, in Spanish; tremare, in Italian. I found the ship quivering to its centre. In the next instant, a wilderness of foam hurled us upon our beam-ends, and, rushing over us fore and aft, swept the entire decks from stem to stern. Edgar Poe No muscle quivered. Edgar Poe Alice Deringham dared not glance at her father, […] but her lips quivered a little as she turned towards the man. Harold ɒindloss… Alton of Somasco Twice he paced up and down the room with uncovered feet, and then, quivering a little when the floor creaked, opened the door that led into the one adjoining. Harold ɒindloss… Alton of Somasco They had come to the bank of the river, whose current quivered at that point in a scaly ripple in the moonlight. William Howells… Ragged Lady The vessel squirmed and quivered. Thomas ɛacobs… Adventures in the Pacific Ocean Always watching his face, the girl instantly answered to the action in her sculling; presently the boat swung round, quivered as from a sudden jerk, and the upper half of the man was stretched out over the stern. Charles Dickens… Our Mutual Friend "Dear,"—her whole body quivered at the word,--"there is not any word a man can say will be telling how much I am loving the bravery of you for that word" ɛohn Sillars… The McBrides She presently appeared, bearing a porcelain dish laden with most lovely transparent jelly. Cut with a spoon and laid before us it quivered and glittered in the light. ɛean Wyss… The Swiss Family Robinson During this brief voyage, Cocklescraft had in vain endeavored to soothe the maiden with kind words and protestations that no harm should befall her. He took her cold hand and it quivered in his grasp. ɛohn ɜennedy… Rob of the Bowl -)With the preposition with + noun of the emotion: She quivered with indignation at the account of the conduct of the miserable Rawdon and the unprincipled Steyne. William Thackeray… Vanity Fair Her lips quivered with emotion. Samuel Warren… Diary of a late physician 2. (Said of a smile): to occur with a trembling movement. […] a sickly smile quivered about his lips. Edgar Poe Transitively: to cause to quiver or tremble. As he passed the corner of a street, the perfume of Neapolitan violets came floating out from a florist's shop upon the warm sunlit air. Every fibre of his being quivered with a sudden emotion! E. Phillips… Berenice All that night the wind howled up the mountainside and ranted through the forest so that Marion could not sleep. Twice she heard a tree go splitting down through the outstretched arms of its close neighbors, to fall with a crash that quivered the cabin. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Lookout Man Words derived from QUIVER: quivering, quaveringly, quiver (noun). _quiz_ Verb. Pronunciation: kwɪz. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense: quizzed; preterite participle: quizzed; present participle: quizzing. Transitively: 1. a. To make fun of (someone), by addressing something facetious to him; particularly, by one or more questions. Synonyms: to mock at (some one), banter, chaff, rally, jeer, ridicule. Translation: embromar, in Spanish; dileggiare, in Italian; plaisanter (quelqu’un), in French. Arabella was quizzing Sue with more regard of how she was speaking than of what she was saying. "How odd to hear a woman selling cakes talk like that!" she said. "Why don't you go back to school-keeping?" Thomas Hardy… Jude the Obscure I went down to the supper-table. Camille was there, dispensing its promiscuous hospitality to men who ate like pigs. I would as leave have found her behind a French-market coffee-stand. Harry Helm, nursing his bandaged hand, was lolling back from the board and quizzing her with compliments while she cut up his food. George Cable…The Cavalier He says there's a great deal of poetry in brewing beer, but of course he's only quizzing us. ɑnthony Trollope… Rachel Ray b. To quiz (someone) out of: to dissuade (a person) from something by jesting him. Cf. To banter someone out of. Cary, like a dear kind girl as she is, laughed and quizzed me out of my delusion, and showed me that it was the cursed imputation of that scoundrel of a landlord had given this erratic turn to my thoughts. Charles Lever… The Dodd Family Abroad 2. To regard; to eye. It is unusual. Went to the theatre, to look for Gruff. Saw him sitting in a side box, in the second tier, between a fat lady and a lean one. Quizzed the whole party through an opera-glass, till I saw the fat lady blush and whisper to G. Edgar Poe He used to quiz me with his eye-glass from the drawing-room windows. ɑrabella ɑrgus… Further adventures… 3. To refer a quiz or question to (a person). Particularlly in U. S. A.: to examine (a student) orally. Synonyms: to question, interrogate. "Oh! So you've got your own list all made out?" he quizzed. Eleanor ɑbbott… The Sick-a-Bed Lady She was silent for the most part on the road that day, though whiles she would be quizzing her brother about the lassies in the college town. ɛohn Sillars… The McBrides I was endeavouring to think of a rhyme for sympathetic, when I heard footsteps in the Lime- tree walk, behind, and presently found that Barton and his wife were walking there. It was very awkward for me; I durst not move, because I though I they would quiz me about my verses, if they should see me with the pencil and paper, and yet I did not like to keep quiet, for I could hear every word they said, and I found they were talking about myself. Elizabeth Strutt… Chances and changes Edouard tells me he saw you kissing a beggar's brat. The young rogue was going to quiz you about it at the dinner-table ; luckily, he told me his intention, and I would not let him. Charles Reade… White lies Words derived from quiz: quizzer, quizzable, quizzability, quizzacious, quizzatorial, quizzee, quizzery, quizzical, quizzicality, quizzicalness, quizzically, quizzification, quizzify, quizziness, quizzing, quizzingly, quizzity, quizzy. _rally_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: rælɪ. Etymology: from French rallier, from re- + allier (= to ally.) Transitively: 1. To cause (an armed force, a group of fighters, or the like, which has been, or is, scattered) to be reunited and ready to be under orders again. Synonyms: to reassemble, reunite, regather Translation: rallier, in French; reagrupar, in Spanish; radunare, in Italian. In the meantime Cossario had completely rallied his division, and had succeeded in repulsing the battalions that were opposed to him. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London Wayne […] rallied his troops and prepared for further defence. Washington Irving… The Student's Life of Washingon He repeatedly endeavoured to rally his troops, and in the opinion of most who saw him, did the duties of a brave and good commander. Walter Scott… Tales of a grandfather The city is, at all events, secure from assault. Were the French to help us with an efficient fleet, and could our army be rallied under an efficient general, we might do something against it. William Simms… Katharine Walton Captain Bullitt, with fifty Virginians […] formed a barricade with the wagons, rallied some of the fugitives, succeeded in checking the enemy for a time, and, collecting the wounded, effected a rapid retreat. Washington Irving… The Student's Life of Washington […] a great part of the defeated troops were rallied under the Stuart banner at Ruthven. Richard Davenport… Narratives… Arnold was again in the field with his rallied forces. Washington Irving… The Student's Life of Washingon 2. To cause (two or more persons) to convene for a common purpose; to convene Synonym: to convene. […] he rallied them in the same cause. Edmund ɒurke… Speeches and Writings The threatened invasion rallied the nation to the support of the government. William Hunt… The Political History of England 3. To cause (one’s thoughts, senses, energies, faculties, etc.) to be concentrated; to concentrate the parts of (one’s memory, strength, etc.) by an effort. Synonym: to concentrate. Although half fainting, she rallied her powers, and rose from the couch with an extraordinary effort. The Mirror of Literature She used to wander out, at first as if without a purpose, till she rallied her thoughts. Elizabeth Gaskell… Lizzie Leigh I was encouraged to attempt escaping, and endeavoured to rally my thoughts. ɛames Grant… Adventures of an aide-de-camp Before she could pronounce my name, I rallied my strength, and, with an irrepressible cry of grief, quitted Peek's support, and rushed to her side. Epes Sargent… Peculiar Soon after break of day next morning, his workmen saw with delight and respect a rallied energy about him. ɛohn ɒanim… The Denounced 4. To cause (a person or other animal) to become concentrated on his thoughts, energies, etc. Hence: to arouse from fatigue, weakness, inactivity, or the like. I endeavoured [...] to rally him, but he was scarcely able to stand. John Lander – Richard Lander… Journal -)With the preposition FROM + noun: The Countess at this moment approached with an attempt to rally me from my meditative mood. Annie Challice… The Laurel and the Palm -)-)Reflexively: Indignation and alarm were the immediate feelings which his presence excited, but she rallied herself after the first shock […] and resolved to stand her ground with firmness. Catherine Hubback For a moment too she seemed unable to speak from emotion, but rallying herself by an effort she continued. New Peterson magazine, vol. XI Mary almost lost her breath and senses, and was again in danger of falling. She rallied herself, however, and tried to collect her thoughts and make observations. ɛohn ɒanim, Michael ɒanim… Tales Intransitively: 1. Of an armed force, a group of fighters, or the like: to become rallied or reassembled; to come together again and ready to renew the conflict, contest, defence, etc. They retreated, at first, before us. They rallied, fought madly, and retreated again. Edgar Poe They retreated a few paces in confusion, then rallied, and again advanced to the attack. Frederick Marryat… Frank Mildmay The ducal cavalry which were so lately in full retreat, rallied again. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London Some rallied in groups, and made a brief stand with their rifles from rocks or behind trees. Washington Irving… The Student's Life of Washington The Indians were completely routed, and for a great distance the ground was covered with their dead. The fame of the Spaniards rose higher than before, and the Indians never rallied again for a general battle. ɛohn Stephens… Incidents of Travel in Yucatan […] he was effectually protected by a body of his troops; who, seeing the royal standard displayed, rallied round him and checked the pursuit of the enemy. Daniel Macintosh… History of Scotland Added to their disinclination for war, they observed, that during the three hours they had halted in the village, nearly four thousand well armed warriors had rallied round the cacique, and they feared, that if such a multitude could assemble in such a short time, there must be large reinforcements in reserve. Theodore Irving… The Conquest of Florida 2. With less propriety: (Of a single person) to renew an attack. The dutchess was in the smallest possible degree disconcerted; but she rallied again, and resumed the attack with the greater vigour, because she perceived that Sir Greville was listening with an air of interest. Elizabeth Smith… The three eras… 3. (Of two or more persons) to convene for a common purpose; to act in concert, to support some one or a cause. -)With the adverb ROUND, to reinforce the idea of support: Once again we must ask our fellow citizens to rally round and do what must be done to save the lakefront from further commercial encroachment and despoliation. Lois Wille… Forever open Sid and Gus would rally round and maybe even find me a place to hide out during a pregnancy. Rhys ɒowen… Oh Danny Boy -)-)With the preposition ROUND + noun of the common cause, purpose, etc. […] the more rich, courtly, and aristocratical inhabitants of the quarter of the Alhambra rallied round what appeared to be the most stable authority and supported the throne of El Zagal. Washington Irving… Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada -) With the preposition TO + noun of the common cause, purpose, etc. […] she escaped from her confinement, issued a proclamation to her subjects that her abdication was forced and not legal, and calling upon them to rally to her support. The Ladies’ Repository I call upon you to rally to their defence. William Tenney… The Military and Naval History A little band rallied to their rescue. William Simms… The History of South Carolina 4. a. (Of a person) to collect one’s forces; to become aroused from fatigue, weakness, inactivity, or the like. b. To recover from an illness; to regain health. c. Hence (of a thing) to recover vigour. Though greatly enfeebled by the occurrences of the night, yet in proportion as his bodily strength decreased, his mental energies rallied. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches The voice was failing but once more it rallied. George Cable… Gideon's Band ‘If I were dying, I feel as if a word from you would rally me; if my pulse had stopped, I feel as if your touch would make it beat again,’ said Neville. ‘ɒut I have rallied, and am doing famously.’ Charles Dickens… The Mystery of Edwin Drood -)With the preposition FROM + noun of the fatigue, weakness, inactivity, or the like. […] the gallant boy rallied from his temporary surprise and despondency, and determined not to be a slave in any convent of any order. William Thackeray… Burlesques Words derived from the verb RALLY: rallying, rallier, rally (noun.) _ramble_ Verb Pronunciation: ræmb(ə)l. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense, preterite participle: rambled, rambled. Present participle: rambling. Intrantisitively: 1. To travel, to ride or to sail capriciously, carelessly, unceremonious ly, leisurely, or without a plan and with no determined route; to stroll here and there. Synonyms: to roam, rove, stroll, troll, range, wander, spatiate. Translation: Spanish pasear, divagar; French: déambuler, se promener, ambuler, errer, flâner, se balader; Italian: vagare, errare. The morning after my arrival […] I rambled into a wood of oaks with a few walnut trees intermixed, forming the closest shade above my head. Nathaniel Hawthorne… Twice-Told Tales For three years they rambled around […], looking for a permanent home. Rudyard ɜipling… The Jungle Book On the following evening they repeated their walk; and […] rambled to a considerable distance from the abbey. Ann Radcliffe... A Sicilian Romance She rambled for hours, seeking rather than shunning the most dangerous paths. Walter Scott… Chronicles of the Canongate Florence, having rambled through the handsome house, from room to room, seeks her own chamber. Charles Dickens… Dombey and Son The islander may ramble all day at will. Ralph Emerson… Essays The gentleman told him, "he would hardly be able to overtake them; and that, if he did not know his way, he would be in danger of losing himself on the downs, for it would be presently dark; and he might ramble about all night, and perhaps find himself farther from his journey's end in the morning than he was now." Henry Fielding… Joseph Andrews By the light of the flickering lamps he rambled home to supper, and had not long been sitting at table when his landlady brought up a letter that had just arrived for him. Thomas Hardy… Jude the Obscure Yesterday evening we left the beautiful island of Mackinaw, […]. We had climbed its cliffs, rambled on its shores, threaded the walks among its thickets […] William ɒryant… Letters of a Traveller It was a bright moonlight evening, and we rambled two or three hours about the town and the island. William ɒryant… Letters of a Traveller Twenty of the savages now got on board, and proceeded to ramble over every part of the deck, and scramble about among the rigging, making themselves much at home, and examining every article with great inquisitiveness. Edgar Poe I did not care to go out of sight of the boat, fearing the coming of canoes with savages down the river; but the boy seeing a low place about a mile up the country, rambled to it, and by-and-by I saw him come running towards me. Daniel Defoe… Robinson Crusoe It was just at high-water when these people came on shore; and while they rambled about to see what kind of a place they were in, they had carelessly stayed till the tide was spent, and the water was ebbed considerably away, leaving their boat aground. Daniel Defoe… Robinson Crusoe It happened (a thing not very unusual), that the guide who undertook to conduct him on his way, was unluckily unacquainted with the road; so that having missed his right track, and being ashamed to ask information, he rambled about backwards and forwards till night came on, and it began to grow dark. Henry Fielding… Tom Jones […] no one but a madman would have thought of leaving so good a house to ramble about the country at that time of night. Henry Fielding… Tom Jones The lowing heifer and the bleating ewe, in herds and flocks, may ramble safe and unregarded through the pastures. Henry Fielding… Tom Jones Emily threw her veil over her, and went down to walk upon the ramparts, the only walk, indeed, which was open to her, though she often wished, that she might be permitted to ramble among the woods below, and still more, that she might sometimes explore the sublime scenes of the surrounding country. ɑnn Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho When they returned to the chateau, Lady Blanche conducted Emily to her favourite turret, and from thence they rambled through the ancient chambers, which Blanche had visited before. ɑnn Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho 2. (Metaphorical acception) to become impertinently garrulous on writing and speaking; to write or talk impertinently, discursively, ramblingly, digressively, etc. Synonyms: to maunder, waffle, excurse. Translation: Italian: divagare; French: divaguer and Spanish: divagar. […] she had rambled into very strange conceits from some parts of his discourse. Henry Fielding… Amelia […] I have rambled enough. / Adieu, for the present. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa […] I remember I rambled strangely in that letter. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa Again I ramble away from thinking it out to the end. It is not so far to the end that I need be tempted to break off. Now, on straight! Charles Dickens… Our Mutual Friend Trantisitively: to wander over; to ramble over. More often I rambled the streets, either on a friend’s dragster (we’d come to an arrangement) or on foot. Stewart Henderson… A Frontier Novel Derivatives from RAMBLE: ramble (noun), ramblage, rambler, ramble-scramble, rambling, ramblingly, ramblingness. _rankle_ Verb. Pronunciation: r&Nk(@)l Third-person singular simple present: rankles. Preterite tense, preterite participle: rankled; present participle: rankling. Etymology: from Old French rancler, raoncler (= to fester), variant of draoncler, from raoncle, rancle (= a festering sore), variant of draoncle, from Medieval Latin dracunculus (= a sore or ulcer), in Latin, a little dragon, diminutive of draco (=dragon). Intransitive uses: 1. (The subject being a wounded or diseased part of an animated body) to fester. It is the pristine acceptation, now obsolete. 2. (The subject being a wound, a disease, a sickness, a sore, etc.) to fester; to become, or be, rank, festering or corrupt. Antonym: to heal. Translation: enconarse, in Spanish; s’envenimer, in French; inciprignire, in Italian. After implanting the sting could you take pleasure in watching how the wound rankled and festered and spread corroding poison through my flesh? The American Whig Review […] how deep the iron had struck, and how the wound rankled beneath such a stroke as that. The Metropolitan, 53 3. (The subject being a thing) to cause a sore, a festering or inflamed effect. Antonym: to heal […] perhaps the barbed points of the cohetes rankled in his flesh, acting like spurs. William. – R. Chambers… Chamber’s Journal, v. 27 He suffered great persecution, and his beautiful house was destroyed, while he was smitten by the arrow of a man named Ingrat. The arrow rankled in his flesh. Frederick Shelton… Salander and the Dragon Properly warned, she will take a knife, sever the flower from the pear (there is no stem to speak of), pick it up by the tip of a petal, carry it home in a paper or handkerchief, and dump it gently into water –happy if she does not feel a dozen intolerable prickles here and there, and have to extract, with help of magnifyingglass and tweezers, as many needle-like barbs rankling in her flesh. Olive Miller… A Bird Lover in the West […] he learned, that she was the wife of a French standardbearer, who had followed her husband to the field of battle, and been wounded by a random shot in the shoulder. Finding, moreover, she was totally destitute, and had travelled to Lisbon on foot, with the ball still rankling in her flesh, he immediately directed she should be taken care of, and sent a surgeon to attend to the wound. The Meteor edited by E. Yewens 4. (The subject being a wounder) to inflict a festering wound.his acceptaion is now obsolete. 5. a. (The subject being a feeling as bad as a wound) to continue, with an effect like that of a festering wound. The suggestion was horridly unpleasant, and it rankled in his mind so much that instead of entering his own cottage when he reached it he flung his basket inside the garden-gate and passed on, determined to go and see his old aunt and get some supper there. Thomas Hardy… Jude the Obscure b. (The subject being a fact, an event, an incorporeal thing, etc., as bad as a wound) to continue to cause an unpleasant feeling. The phrase rankles in my memory all the same. William ɒlack… Macleod of Dare The thought of it no longer rankled, and that interest could never be hers again. William Howells… Dr. Breen's Practice It was some time, before the unhappy man gained sufficient composure to utter more than incoherent lamentations for the loss of his child; that child, whose beauty and innocence had been so long his pride and only solace, and whose apparently ungrateful and unprincipled desertion of him, had so long rankled in his bosom. Hannah Jones… The Strangers of the Glen b. (The subject being a person or another animal) to be the subject of a feeling as unpleasant as a festering wound. 6. (The subject being a bad feeling) to alter into another worse by, or as by, festering. It is construed with the prepositions to and into before the noun denotative of the feeling. A dispute begun in jest upon a subject which, a moment before, was on both parts regarded with careless indifference, is continued by the desire of conquest, till vanity kindles into rage, and opposition rankles into enmity. Samuel Johnson (The Adventurer and Idler) Transitive uses: 1. To cause (a wound, a sore, etc.) to fester or rankle. Antonym: to heal Translation: enconar, in Spanish; envenimer, in French; inciprignire, in Italian. [Richard] was aimed at by one Bertram de Gourdon, an archer from the castle, and pierced in the shoulder with an arrow. The wound was not in itself dangerous; but an unskilf ul surgeon endeavouring to disengage the arrow from the flesh, so rankled the wound that it mortified. Oliver Goldsmith – Charles Coote (The History of England) In itself, the wound was not dangerous; but the square pyramidal head of the quarril rendered its extraction an operation of great skill and patience. Unhappily, there was no regular surgeon in attendance, and the individual who attempted to cut it out, so rankle the wound, that mortification ensued. George Agar Hansard (The Book of Archery) 2. To cause (a bad feeling) to worsen; to make it as if painful; anger (a person). This acceptation is metaphorical. Antonym: please Mr. Ericson, forgive my occasional unpleasant tone, but I so prize courtesy that your behaviour rankles me, and when rankled by discourtesy, I tend to say what I feel at the moment. J. Stephen Lang (The Perfect Fool) Captain Jameson watched the girl hurry to the stairwell, grateful for the brief respite it allowed him, for her audacious behaviour rankled him and he did not want to chastise her so soon before her imminent departure. Erin Heitzmann (Return to Redemption) -) with the preposition into before the noun (or a gerund) denotative either of the new feeling or of the consequence: The sight of the cabin topping the knoll rankled me into fresh anger with myself. Janice Holt Giles (The Kentuckians) Celia’s comment rankled her into a sharp response. “I’m not a prude. I just like a connection with the men I sleep with. There’s nothing wrong with that.” Bonnie Edwards (Thigh High) Matt didn’t know that yet, and his obstinate attitude rankled her into not telling him. Kimberly Lang (The Secret Mistress Arrangement) Words derived from this verb rankle: rankling, ranklingly. _rapacious_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: rəpeɪʃəs. Etymology: from Latin rapax (= grasping) from rapere (= to seize, take by force, to snatch away) + -ous. 1. (Of a person) characterized by rapacity; disposed to seize by violence. Hence: immoderately eager for gain; accustomed to seize what is coveted, regardless of the illicitness of the action. Synonyms: avaricious, covetous, rapacious. Translation: rapace, in French; rapaz, in Spanish; rapace, in Italian. When but a lad, attending upon these wild bands in their expeditions against the commerce of the Gulf, he chanced to attract the notice of the famous Captain Morgan, whilst that most rapacious of all the pirate leaders was preparing, at Jamaica, for his incursion against Maracaibo. ɛohn ɜennedy… Rob of the Bowl -)With the preposition of + noun of what is coveted: She was rapacious of money, extravagant to excess, loose in her conversation. Henry Fielding… Joseph Andrews Granting, however, that Vespasian was rapacious of money, it was not to hoard it or to squander it on pleasures. Thomas ɜeightley… History of the Roman Empire This makes him rapacious of all he can seize and appropriate to his own use. ɑlethea Lewis… Rhoda 2. (Of a personal or animal quality, manner, etc.) characterized by rapacity; as, a rapacious appetite. 3. (Of an animal) characterized by rapacity; subsisting on prey; predacious; raptorial. It is, in fact, the only diurnal rapacious bird that preys in the thick of the forests and on the ground in these. Robert Mudie… The feathered tribes of the British islands Having described, in the last chapter, a tribe of minute, fierce, rapacious animals, I come now to a race of minute animals of a more harmless and gentle kind, that, without being enemies to any, are preyed upon by all. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth English words derived from RAPACIOUS: rapaciously, rapacity. Other English words derived from Latin rapere: rape, rapid, raper, rapidity, rapidly, rapine, rapt, raptor, raptorial, rapture, rapturous, rapturously, rapturousness, usurp, usurpation, usurpative, usurpatory, usurper, usurping, usurpress, surreption, surreptitious, surreptitiously, surreptitiousness. _rash_ Adjective. Pronunciation: ræʃ. Etymology: from Middle English rasch. Comparative form: rasher. Superlative form: rashest 1. (Of someone) acting with rashness or inconsideration; doing rashly an action, without consideration of consequence; behaving imprudently. Synonyms: hasty, reckless, overhasty, imprudent, unwary. Antonyms: cautious, circumspect, wary, prudent, deliberate, timorous, careful. Translation: précipité, in French; precipitado, in Spanish; frettoloso, in Italian. Hutten was rash enough; but not a few of his intimate friends were still rasher than he. The Gentleman's Magazin, vol. 191 […] he stumbled not, he paused not, but bounded on, while the rashest horseman of the party pulled in his rein. George Rainsford… The robber […] the timid girl, unable to silence him, and blushing and trembling at language so new to her, at last endeavoured to [… end his declaration] by escaping from the dance. He was rash enough to prevent her attempt by forcibly detaining her at his side. Bentley's Miscellany, vol. IX "My brother is rash, and speaks hastily," interrupted Mildred. ɛohn ɜennedy… Horse-Shoe Robinson -)With the preposition IN, followed by its object (a noun, or a gerund): It is probable that, in the time of Cato, the Romans had begun to extend their villas considerably, which makes him warn proprietors of land not to be rash in building. ɛohn Dunlop… History of Roman Literature […] do not be rash in this affair. Charles Lever… Tom Burke of "Ours" [She became] convinced of her error, and acknowledged she had been too rash in censuring me. Robert Paltock… Peter Wilkins 2. (Of a personal action) characterized by rashness or manifesting imprudence; proceeding from inconsideration. […] by a rash and foolish altercation, you would jeopardy everything. Charles Lever… Barrington It would, however, be rash to suppose that those were the most innocent who finished the soonest. ɛohn Scott… The London Magazine Until the shells of this Archipelago and of the neighbouring coasts are better known, it would be rash to assert that even these two latter shells are extinct. Charles Darwin… Volcanic Islands It was the rashest act of my life. Herman Melville… Omoo "Now don't talk so much, Theodore Van Beck," Betty interrupted. "Since you're such a fine musician, you'd do well to express yourself with music instead of rash words." Scott Fitzgerald… What a Handsome Pair! English words derived from rash: rashness, rashly. _rave_ Verb. Pronunciation: reɪv. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old French raver [a variant of rêver = to dream, be delirious, to rave, etc.] Preterite tense: raved; preterite participle: raved. Present participle: raving. Intransitively: 1. To be, or seem to be mad; to show symptom of madness; --it is obsolete. 2. Hence, to talk incoherently or furiously, in or as if in delirium. Translation: parler comme un fou, in French; hablar como un loco, in Spanish; parlare come un matto, in Italian. While the delirium was yet strong upon him, he spoke wildly of many things […]. Sometimes it was all clear and distinct, sometimes it was but murmuring confusion. At length, I think it was on the morning of the fourth terrible day, he raved more vehemently than ever, and his words were fierce and angry. George ɛames… A book of the passions In the agony of her grief, she wept, she raved, she tore her hair, too late perceiving, with feelings of remorse, the grievous error she had committed. The Republic of Letters, by A. Whitelaw The patient raved in a manner that astonished as much as it alarmed his attendants. Robert Williams… Maids of honour vol. 3 I raved aloud ! — smote my forehead ! — grasped my hair, as if I would tear it out by the roots ! — wept !— shrieked ! — dashed myself upon the ground ! The New monthly magazine -)With the preposition about, followed by a noun, or a gerund, by which the theme is designated: I kneeled beside him, and took one of his […] hands in mine. I kissed it, and suddenly he started up, exclaiming, "Olivia! Olivia!" with dreadful vehemence. In his delirium he raved about Olivia's stabbing herself, and called upon us to hold her arm, looking wildly towards the foot of the bed, as if the figure were actually before him. Maria Edgeworth… Leonora Napoleon, hearing this, became furious: He raved about punishing the rebellious city. Walter Scott… Life of Napoleon -)-)With the preposition of, followed by a noun, by which the theme is designated: She had recovered her consciousness, but under the burning pressure of fever, which [… affected] her mind with all the fancies of delirium. She raved of a thousand things incoherently, which perhaps none present could […] comprehend but the one individual who was engaged in conducting the operations. William Simms… The Scout Did you ever hear me repeat the name of Olivia?' 'Yes; when you were light- headed, I heard the name many a time and often. And the nurse said you raved of nobody else. Thomas Holcroft… The Adventures of Hugh Trevor -) With the preposition against, or at, followed by the noun of the person or the thing against which the raver speaks: He raved in Greek against the invader. Tobias Smollett… The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle Sometimes he raved against Ralph and Ruth; and often against the girl with the vilest epithets. Frederick Thomas… East and West Philip could not bear to hear the weather abused and raved at, as though it were merely a controllable agency. Margaret Warner Heidegger hearing the change of music, ran to the music-gallery, stamped and raved at the musicians, accusing them of drunkenness, or of a design to ruin him, while the king and royal party laughed immoderately. The Book of Days, vol. 2 -) -)With the preposition for, followed by the noun of the cause or the scope: I leapt, and sung, and raved for joy. The Scots Magazine, vol. 89 A burley bully of a caleche-driver insisted upon getting thirty francs for a “course” which he had made over night; and not having been able to obtain the offer of more than his legitimate fare, planted himself squarely before the panel of the diligence, manifesting serious intentions of blocking the Ambassador's way. All attempts to stir this fellow from his post by fair means were in vain. There he stood, and raved for the thirty francs; and when Jung Be- luidoor adianeed to get into the coach, the ruffian had the audacity to seize him by the collar of his gown. The Living Age, vol. 27 3. Metaphorically: (of a sea, storm, etc.) to move violently, as if in a furious manner. It was as when a flood, that all day long has raved against the walls of your house, has ceased (you suddenly think) to rise. Thomas De Quincey… Narrative and Miscellaneous Papers He would lie awake at night when the wind and snow raved over the land. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Long Shadow 4. To talk loudly, rapturously, or with excessive praise; --with about, or of. There is a good deal of nonsense afloat about the beauty of the Viennese women. I looked for it, but could not find it. I do not mean to say that there are no handsome women here, as I saw a goodly number of pretty faces, but they are not more numerous than in other cities. I have read about the great beauty of the women, and know several men who have raved about Vienna as the centre of the earth in this respect, but I cannot understand it. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world Lesbia and Lady Kirkbank raved about the play they had just been seeing. Elizabeth ɒraddon… Phantom Fortune Madame Esmond raved about him and praised him in all her companies. ɜate Sweetser… Boys and girls from Thackeray Transitively: to utter ravingly or loudly, as if in a frenzied manner. "What's the matter, Mrs. Cross?" "Matter ?" raved Mrs. Cross. "She's a idle, impedent, wicked huzzy—that's what's the matter. Henry Wood… Mrs. Halliburton’s Troubles English words derived from rave: raver, raving, ravingly. _rebuff_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: rIbVf. Etymology: from a French word, rebuffer, which is now obsolete. The French rebuffer is derived from Italian ribuffare (= to hit), which is also obsolete. This Italian ribuffare is analysable into ri- (= back), instead of Latin re-, and buffo (= a puff.) Third-person singular simple present: she/he rebuffs. Preterite tense, preterite participle: rebuffed. Present participle: rebuffing. Transitively: 1. To react with a rebuff against (some one = direct object); this is, to signify ungraciously to (some one) one’s reluctance either to accept his (her) offering, or to grant what he (she) demands, or to reply what he (she) asks, or to correspond with courtesy (love, pleasure, etc.) Translation: rechazar (a una persona), in Spanish; respingere (qualcuno), in Italian; repousser (quelqu’un), in French. Synonyms: to snub, reject, refuse. Antonyms: to favour, indulge, gratify. Left on the porch, he was now directed to approach a distinguished looking old gentleman, probably a banker and a power in Wall Street, who read his morning papers. Timidly he stood before this person, thrusting forward his basket. The old gentleman glanced up in annoyance and brutally rebuffed the country boy with an angry flourish of the paper he read. Harry Wilson… Merton of the Movies […] he evinced himself such a decided aversion to speak of the circumstances of his past life, that he sometimes rebuffed even his visitors when they enquired about events which took place during the time he resided in Palermo. ɛohn Galt… The earthquake The cat, who is rebuffed by her master, does not seem to think that the rebuff ought to be received like a caress from the hands of him who bestows it. George Cruikshank… The gentleman’s pocket magazine, vol. 3 One of the English, endeavouring to shew a marked attention to a female, was rebuffed in a manner that prevented any farther attempts. William Fordyce Mavor (historical account of the most celebrated voyages…) One resident used an allegory to relate her […] depression. She described a woman walking alone through desolate streets, searching but lost, rebuffed by several men when she asked directions. Patricia L. Munhall (In women’s experience, vol. 1) Foster liked to talk to strangers and as the girl had not rebuffed him, he took her cloak, which looked very wet, from the rack. Harold Bindloss (Carmen's Messenger) Second definition: to react with a rebuff against (something offered or asked); this is, to signify ungraciously one’s reluctance either to accept (an offering = direct object), or to grant (something = direct object), or to reply (what is asked = direct object), or to correspond with (courtesy love, pleasure, etc. = direct object) Translation:rehusar, in Spanish; rifiutare, in Italian; refuser, in French. Antonyms: to grant, accept, concede While she was speaking, her uncle, my old friend Zerobabel L. Hoskins, came most unexpectedly to see us. I have told the courteous reader how coldly and bluntly he had rebuffed my application for the small loan ; I need hardly say he was in consequence one whom I was not likely soon to have solicited again. John Galt (Lawrie Todd) […] attempts by young to suck from an alien mother may be rebuffed. Peter G. Hepper (Kin recognition) As soon as she was sitting upright, she began to sob. But she would not speak and she mutely rebuffed my clumsy efforts to comfort her. Grant Jarrett (More Towels) It was a flushed and sparkling Winona who later fluttered down the dull old stairs of the respectable Penniman home at the call of the waiting Wilbur Cowan. Her dark hair was still plainly, though rather effectively, drawn about her small head—she had definite ly rebuffed the suggestion of her mother that it be marcelled—but her wisp of a frock of bronze gossamer was revolutionary in the extreme. Harry Leon Wilson (The Wrong Twin) I can with difficulty be polite to him, yet his officious attentions are not to be rebuffed. The Living age, vol. 32 She said that she had been without eating for two days, and whenever she dared ask for charity, she was rebuffed by unkind words. The Rover, vol. 2, edited by Seba Smith Third definition: to drive back Postdefinition: it is very rarely used. ɑ man without energy is a helpless character […]; like a cork in an eddy, he is rebuffed here and jostled there, and goes on travelling in a circle to the end of the chapter. Not so the man of action; no jostling thwarts him, no rebuffs retard him. Adrien Paul (Willis the pilot) A ruby-throated hummingbird, rebuffed by the wind, fell on the cold cement foundatio n of the house and clung there for a long miserable minute. Louise de Kiriline (The Lovely and the Wild) Other English vocables derived from rebuff: rebuff (noun), rebuffed, rebuffing, rebuffal, rebuffer _reclaim_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: rɪkleɪm. Etymology: from Old French reclamer (= to call back, appeal to), and this one from Latin reclamare (= to cry out against), which is analysed into re- (= back, again) and clamare (= to call, proclaim, declare aloud). Preterite tense: reclaimed. Preterite participle : reclaimed. Present participle: reclaiming. Transitively: 1. Literally: to call back. (It is an obsolete acceptation, except when referred to a hawk). “Let her go,” he said; “she is but a hawk that goes down the wind; I would not bestow even a whistle to reclaim her.” Walter Scott… Kenilworth 2. To claim the restoration of (a person or thing); to demand back. It is maybe an acceptation developed independently of the preceding one; this is, an English synthesis from re- and the verb claim. Translation: by reclamar, in Spanish; reclamare, in Italian; réclamer, in French. Some of the babies are […] well supplied with linen and necessaries. […] With such the most affecting letters are left, praying the nurses to take more than usual care of a child which will surely be one day reclaimed; a mark or ornament is generally fastened to the infant, in order that it may be identified hereafter, if claimed. Richard Ford… A Hand-book… I reprint in this volume, […] a dozen minor novels that have been published in the periodical press […], in order to render them accessible to readers who desire to have them in the complete series issued by my publishers. For aid in reclaiming some of the narratives I express my thanks to the proprietors and editors of the newspapers and magazines in whose pages they first appeared. Thomas Hardy… A changed man, and other tales […] he reclaimed all the castles belonging to the crown. Charles Dickens… A child’s history 3. To cause (a person or another animal) to revert from a disapprovable habit. Synonyms: to revert, restore. The design and object of this Institution is to reclaim the youthful criminal by […] kind […] treatment. Charles Dickens… American Notes… -)With the preposition from, followed by a noun, which stands for the wrong habit: […] she is a great artist at her needle, it is incredible what sums she expends in embroidery; for, besides what is appropriated to her personal use, as mantuas, petticoats, stomachers, handkerchiefs, purses, pincushions, and working-aprons, she keeps four [… persons] continually employed in making divers pieces of superfluous furniture, as quilts, toilets, hangings for closets, beds, windowcurtains, […]; nor have I any hopes of ever reclaiming her from this extravagance, while she obstinately persists in thinking it a notable piece of good housewifery. Robert Lynam… The British Essayists […] it is said that above ten thousand drunkards have been reclaimed from intoxication. Frederick Marryat… Diary in America -)-)With the preposition to, followed by a noun, designative of the previous state or condition: Paul Gordon had of late become more remiss in his attentions to Mistress Haines, who did not fail to upbraid him with his faithlessness in order to reclaim him to his allegiance. Richard Smith… The forsaken 4. To cause (a person or another animal) to be unwild; to tame; to reduce to a state of domestication or obedience. Synonym: to domesticate. [If young dogs] are suffered to acquire any bad habits, such as ranging too wide, breaking field, inattention to their master, etc., will be with great difficulty reclaimed. Thomas ɛohnson… The shooter's companion Reader, I stated that when I was first taken in hand by Mr Drummond I was a savage, although a docile one, to be reclaimed by kindness, and kindness only. You may have been surprised at the rapid change […]; that change was produced by kindness. The conduct of Mr Drummond, of his amiable wife and daughter, had been all kindness. Frederick Marryat… Jacob Faithful After being brought to this country in chains he was reclaimed from his savage estate, […] and can now converse intelligently upon all the leading topics of the day. Harry Wilson… The Boss of Little Arcady So much is this the case, that, though it is difficult, or almost impossible, to reclaim a savage, bred from his youth to war and the chase, to the restraints and the duties of civilized life, nothing is more easy or common than to find men who have been educated in all the habits and comforts of improved society, willing to exchange them for the wild labours of the hunter and the fisher. Walter Scott… The Monastery […] the zebra may hitherto have continued wild, because it is the native of a country where there have been no succeflive efforts made to reclaime it. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the Earth… 5. To convert (land) from a wild state into one of fertility, production, cultivation, etc. The lush green water-meadows speckled with the heavy-fleeced sheep, the acres of corn-land reclaimed from heather and bracken. ɑrthur Doyle… Sir Nigel This gentleman had reclaimed a considerable extent of marshy ground from the sea, and protected it with an embankment. John Symonds… Percy Bysshe After breakfasting we set out north over a sandy level, clearly reclaimed from the sea. Richard Burton… To The Gold Coast for Gold 6. a. To obtain or recover (rubber) from a waste product. b. To make reusable (a waste product, even if it is not rubber). Synonym: to recover. Intransitively: to exclaim; to cry out, particularly in protest. (Rarely used) The English government reclaimed against this publication. John Lockhart… The History of Napoleon… Other words derived from Latin clamare: See DISCLAIM, in this work. Other words derived from English reclaim: reclaimable, reclaimableness, reclaimab ly, reclaimant, reclaimed, reclaimer, reclaiming, reclaimless, reclaimment, reclamation. _rehearse_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: rɪˈh ːs. Preterite tense: rehearsed (rɪˈh ːst). Preterite participle : rehearsed. Present participle: rehearsing. Etymology: from Old French rehercier (= to harrow over again, to repeat), from re- + hercer (= to harrow). See HERSE Transitively: 1. a. To do a rehearsal of; to repeat (what has been already said or heard). b. Particularly: to repeat aloud or in a formal manner (something previously composed, heard, or learned), to read aloud. Synonyms: to recite, say over. Half-way between the park-gate and the house, a poet, clad in green, and crowned with laurel, met and welcomed the royal guest with a long Latin poem, which he rehearsed on his knees. ɑgnes Strickland… Queens of England […] Garter king-at-arms, making a low reverence to the king, who stood at the chapel-closet window, rehearsed the title of " the high and noble lady Mary." ɑgnes Strickland… Queens of England And as she stood with her ear on the stretch, she kept rehearsing to herself the eloquent upbraiding with which she promised herself to punish his misdemeanour. Thomas Trollope… Lindisfarn Chase I was not sorry to pursue this theme undisturbed by the presence of my fellowtravellers, who had now got out at a station, leaving me all alone to meditate and devise imaginary conversations with Miss Herbert. I rehearsed to myself the words. Charles Lever… A Day's Ride […] he rehearsed the dialogue to his intelligent spouse three times during the evening. The Anglo-American Magazine, vol. 3 2. Now rare: to accomplish the narration of; narrate. […] let us rehearse the circumstances of this old Grecian story. Thomas de Quincey… Memorials… "Is she at home? Will you let me see her?" asked Beacon, with something of the scientific interest of a physician inquiring for a patient whose symptoms have been rehearsed to him. He had not asked for her before. William Howells… The March Family Trilogy While our entertainment was preparing, our host recounted the adventures of his own life, which, as they contain nothing remarkable, I forbear to rehearse. Tobias Smollett… Roderick Random His narratives were constructed with so much skill, and rehearsed with so much energy, that all the effects of a dramatic exhibition were frequently produced by them. Charles ɒrown… Wieland -)With omission of direct object: […] a good man found him, and nourished him till he was fourteen year old, and then he brought him to the court, as it rehearseth afterward… Thomas Malory… Le Morte Darthur And when they heard of his strange adventures as is afore rehearsed, then all had marvel of the falsehood of Morgan le Fay. Thomas Malory… Le Morte Darthur 3. To name or mention one by one; to ascertain the number of. Synonyms: to enumerate, recount, reckon up. 4. To do a rehearsal of; to repeat (a play, part, character, etc.) privately in preparation for a public or final performance. Translation: répéter, in French; ensayar, in Spanish; provare, in Italian. […] when I saw in the papers another new play advertised, which had been written, offered, accepted, and rehearsed in the compass of three months. Tobias Smollett… Roderick Random By the time we rehearse the next scene, she'll be too dark to shoot. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Phantom Herd 5. To train (a person) by rehearsal. Intransitively: to repeat something for practice or learning; to perform a rehearsal. When the subject is given, his brother tunes his violin to accompany him, and he begins to rehearse in recitative, with wonderful fluency and precision. Tobias Smollett… Travels Through France and Italy Words derived from the verb REHEARSE: rehearser, rehearsal, rehearsing, rehearsed (= that has been practised beforehand). _reinspect_ Verb. Accent: reinspect. Etymology: it is the verb INSPECT, to which is prefixed re-. INSPECT is a particip ia l stem of Latin inspicere, compounded with in- and specere (= to look). Present third person singular: reinspects. Preterite tense, preterite participle: reinspected Present participle: reinspecting. Definition: to inspect again. Translation: ispezionare nouvamente, in Italian; inspeccionar otra vez, in Spanish; inspecter, inspectionner à nouveau, in French. The next morning Sister Anne was up by daylight, reinspecting her little bundle of clothes, and making up her slips of paper into a small parcel. Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, vol. 12 After a close study of the face of the pilot on watch, I was satisfied that I had never seen him before; so I went up there. The pilot inspected me; I reinspected the pilot. These customary preliminaries over, I sat down on the high bench. Mark Twain… Life on the Mississippi Other English words composed with, or derived from, stems of Latin specere: respiteless, respite (verb, noun), unrespited, aspect, aspectable, aspected, aspectual, circumspect, circumspection, circumspectious, circumspective, circumspectively, circumspectly, circumspectness, uncircumspect, uncircumspection, uncircumspectly, conspicuous, conspicuity, conspicuously, conspicuousness, unconspicuous, inconspicuous, inconspicuously, inconspicuousness, despise, despisable, despisal, despised, despiser, despiseress, despising, despisingly, despite (noun, prep.), despiteful, despitefully, despitefulness, despitely, despiting, despicable, despicability, despicableness, despicably, especial, especially, especialness, espy, espying, unspied, espial, espier, espiery, espionage, expect, expectable, expectance, expectancy, expectant, expectantly, expectation, expectative, expected, expectedly, expecter, expecting, expectingly, expective, expector, unexpectable, unexpectant, unexpectation, unexpected, unexpectedly, unexpectedness, unexpecting, unexpectingly, inexpectancy, inexpectant, inexpectation, inspect, inspected, inspecting, inspectingly, inspectable, inspectability, inspection, inspectional, inspective, inspector, inspectoral, inspectorate, inspectorial, inspectorship, inspectress, inspectrix, uninspected, reinspect, reinspection, introspection, introspect, introspected, introspecting, introspectible, introspectionism, introspectionist, introspectionistic, introspective, introspectively, introspectiveness, introspectivism, introspector, unintrospective, perspective, perspectival, perspectivally, perspective (noun, verb), perspectived, perspectiveless, perspectively, perspectivic, perspectivism, perspectivist, perspectivistic, perspectivity, perspicacity, perspicacious, perspicaciously, perspicaciousness, perspicuity, perspicuous, perspicuously, perspicuousness, unperspicuous, imperspicuous, imperspicuity, prospect (noun, verb), prospecting, prospection, prospective, prospectively, prospectiveness, prospectless, prospector, prospectus, prospectusless, unprospected, respect (noun, verb), respectability, respectabilize, respectable, respectableness, respectably, respectant, respected, respecter, respectful, respectfully, respectfulness, respective, respectively, respectiveness, respectless, disrespect (noun, verb), disrespected, disrespecting, disrespectability, disrespectable, disrespecter, disrespectful, disrespectfulness, disrespectfully, unrespect, unrespectable, unrespected, unrespectful, unrespectfully, unrespecting, unrespective, unrespectively, unrespectiveness, retrospect (noun, verb), retrospection, retrospective, retrospectively, retrospectiveness, retrospectivity, retrospectus, special (noun, verb, adv), specialism, specialist, specialistic, speciality, specialization, specialize, specialized, specializer, specializing, specially, specialness, specialty, speciate, speciation, specie, species, speciesism, speciesist, specifiable, specific, specifical, specificality, specifically, specificate, specificated, specificating, specification, specificity, specificize, specificness, specified, specifier, specify, specifying, specimen, specimenify, specimenize, speciosity, specious, speciously, speciousness, unspecial, unspecified, unspecialized, unspecie, unspecific, despecialize, despecialization, despecificate, spectacle (noun, verb), spectacled, spectacle-glass, spectacular, spectacularity, spectacularism, spectacularly, spectate, spectating, spectation, spectator, spectatordom, spectatorism, spectatorial, spectatorially, spectatorship, spectatory, spectatress, spectatrix, spectre, spectral, spectralism, spectrality, spectralness, spectrally, spectred, spectrous, spectrum, spectry, specular, specularly, speculate, speculated, speculating, speculation, speculatist, speculative, speculatively, speculativeness, speculativism, speculator, speculatory, speculatrix, speculist, unspeculative, unspeculating, unspectacled, spice (noun, verb), spicing, spicebox, spiced, spiceless, spice-like, spicery, spicily, spiciness, spicy, allspice, bespice, unspiced, spite (noun, verb), spited, spiting, spiteful, spitefully, spitefulness, spiteless, spitish, spy (noun, verb), spydom, spy-glass, spying, spying-glass, spyism, spyship, suspect (noun, adj., verb), suspecting, suspectable, suspected, suspectedly, suspectedness, suspecter, suspector, suspectful, suspectfulness, suspectible, unsuspected, unsuspectedness, unsuspectedly, unsuspectful, unsuspectfulness, unsuspectible, unsuspecting, unsuspectingness, unsuspectingly, unsuspicion, unsuspicious, unsuspiciously, unsuspiciousness, suspicion (noun, verb), suspicional, suspicionful, suspicionless, suspicable, suspicious, suspiciously, suspiciousness, transpicuous, transpicuously, retroaspect. _relapse_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: rIlæps. Third-person singular simple present: she/he relapses. Preterite tense, preterite participle: relapsed. Present participle: relapsing. Etymology: from Latin relapses, preterit participle of verb relabi (= to slip back, to relapse). Relabi is analyzable in re- (prefix) + labi (= to fall, slip). Intransitively: 1. (The subject: an animated being) to resume something disapprovable; this is, to lapse again into something censurable after having discontinued it for a time. Translation: reincidir, in Spanish; recidivare, in Italian; récidiver, in French. -)With the preposition into (or merely to) before a noun or a gerund, by which the disapprovable thing is designated: I ought not to doubt the steadiness of your affection, yet such is the inconsiste nc y of real love, that it is always awake to suspicion, however unreasonable; always requiring new assurances from the object of its interest, and thus it is, that I always feel revived, as by a new conviction, when your words tell me I am dear to you; and, wanting these, I relapse into doubt, and too often into despondency. Ann Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho Shoshones abandoned the tillage, and relapsed into their former apathy and indifference. Frederick Marryat… Monsieur Violet "I asked when those banana fritters are coming up," lied Ford, getting out of bed and yawning so that his swollen jaw hurt him, and relapsed into his usual taciturnity. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Uphill Climb Prisoners who refused to abjure their errors, who persisted in heresy, or relapsed into it after abjuration, were sentenced to be burnt at the stake,—a dreadful punishment, on the wickedness of which the world has long been happily agreed. Anthony Froude… History of England… My hope is that when he’s back she won’t relapse into being so submissive to him. Reba D… Facing forward […] perhaps she had just got tired of believing what she believed and relapsed into believing what other people believed. Julian ɒarnes… Staring at the sun Mary awakened her again and again, but each time, after saying "All right, dearie," she relapsed to a slumber which was more torpor than sleep. ɛames Stephens… Mary, Mary Geography continually relapsed to the errors of antiquity, and needed, as Cassini loudly complained, a total reform. Dionysius Lardner… The history of maritime and inland discovery Mrs. Hanbury was gratified, even delighted, when she heard of his arrival; but when she also heard the purport of his visit, her features relapsed to the sad and cold expression... Castle M…: or, a tale of old Ireland You have relapsed to your usual extravagance. Elizabeth Rowe… The works of Elizabeth Rowe 2. Extensively: to change unexpectedly or suddenly from a state into another, or from an action into another, as if by fall; to resume anything, though it be not disapprovable. Well, if there was a trogon in Arizona this early in the season, that ought to be the place to find it. Meanwhile, using my own copy of Sibley, I happily relapsed into being an accidental birder. Mary Churchwell… Arizona Water, once produced, will not of itself relapse into a state of hydrogen and oxygen. ɛohn Mill… A System of Logic […] the honest gentleman relapses into the study of his paper. William Thackeray… The newcomes They relapsed into silence and Robert began to look at the light that shone from the bedroom of M. de Chatillard, the only light in the house now visible. Joseph ɑltsheler… The Sun Of Quebec George Brand was not in the least interested as to the speculations of those who remained about the responsibilities of the passage. He drew his chair toward the fire, and relapsed into his reading. William ɒlack… Sunrise Much to our disappointment, our guests remained silent and showed no disposition to talk, except to answer civil questions which Flood asked regarding the trail crossing on the Missouri, and what that river was like in the vicinity of old Fort Benton. When the questions had been answered, they again relapsed into silence. ɑndy ɑdams… The Log of a Cowboy […] the busy dame relapsed to her stocking darning and her calculations on the products of her dairy. The ladies’ companion [The locksmith] all unconscious of its near vicinity, still jogged on, half sleeping and half waking, when a loud cry at no great distance ahead, roused him with a start. For a moment or two he looked about him like a man who had been transported to some strange country in his sleep, but soon recognising familiar objects, rubbed his eyes lazily and might have relapsed again, but that the cry was repeated—not once or twice or thrice, but many times, and each time, if possible, with increased vehemence. Charles Dickens (Barnaby Rudge) -) Specially, to change unexpectedly from an idiom that was being used into another: "He! Quoi?" cried he, relapsing into French. "Qu'est-ce que vous me chantez la? Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne (The Wrecker) […] they relapsed into their native tongue, and she listened no longer; but, at all events, she had learned that they were going away to the North. William Black (Macleod of Dare) "Ah, Leo mio, che sarei felice d'essere in campagna!" It was a kind of sigh; perhaps that was the reason she had inadvertently relapsed into her own tongue. And as they went down the stairs, and he opened the door for her, the few words he addressed to her were also in Italian. William Black (Prince Fortunatus) 3. (The subject being an animated being) to become again ill with a disease from which the relapser had convalesced; this is, to sicken newly after convalescence. My wounded father, after his recovery, relapsed, and when I had waited in the most comfortless situation for six weeks, my friend wrote me word that the journey was yet deferred for some time longer. Fanny Burney (Evelina) Mr Willet stared after them, listened, looked down upon himself to make quite sure that he was still unbound, and, without any manifestation of impatience, disappointment, or surprise, gently relapsed into the condition from which he had so imperfectly recovered. Charles Dickens (Barnaby Rudge) In an instant afterward he felt himself going rapidly upward, when, his head striking violently against a hard substance, he again relapsed into insensibility. Edgar Allan Poe (The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym) She revived, but on observing the marquis, screamed and relapsed. A Sicilian Romance, by Ann Radcliffe […] for a brief period, I once more relapsed into insensibility. Upon recovering, I at once started to my feet, trembling convulsively in every fibre. Edgar Allan Poe 4. (Of stock and other commercial subjects) to lose again value. […] prices will relapse to what they were at first, and there will be nothing changed, except that a paper currency has been substituted for half of the metallic currency which existed before. John Stuart Mill (Principles of Political Economy) Other English vocables derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of Latin labi: collapsable, collapsible, collapse (noun), collapsed, collapsibility, collapsible, collapsing, labile, lability, labilize, labilizing, labilization, labilizer, lapsable, lapsible, lapse (noun, verb), lapsed, lapser, preterlabent, preterlapsed, elapse, elapsing, elapsed, illapse (noun, verb), illapsing, illapsable, prolapse, relapse (noun, verb), relapsed, relapser, relapsing _relent_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: rIlEnt Etymology: it is conjecturally analysed into re- (prefix with semantic implication of “back” or “again”) and the Latin lentus (= pliant, flexible, slow, viscous). Lentus is maybe a short for lenitus, participle of lenire (= to soften, assuage). Third-person singular simple present: she (he) relents. Preterite tense, preterite participle: relented. Present participle: relenting. Intransitively: obsolete and pristine uses: a. To melt; liquefy. b. To become soft. c. To become flexible or less tense Current use: (of a person) to become lenient or less severe; to cease from manifesting a severe behaviour, or from feeling a severe purpose (determination, etc.). Translation: suavisarse, or aplacarse, in Spanish; placarsi, or soavizzarsi, in Italian; s’adoucir, in French. Synonyms: to soften, to become compassionate. Antonyms: to exasperate, obstinate oneself in a severe determination. […] her gentle conduct towards him was exchanged for asperity and repulsive coldness. When she perceived the […] pathetic appeal of his expressive countenance, she would relent, and for a while resume her ancient kindness. Mary Shelley… The Last Man Tell me, Margaret, does the tyrant king relent? Does he offer any conditions as the price of your liberty? Hannah ɛones… The Scottish Chieftains The prodigal, anguished anew at this repulse, fell weakly back upon the couch with a cry of despair. The little sister placed a pillow under his head and ran to plead with the mother. A long time she remained obdurate, but at last relented. Harry Wilson… Merton of the Movies ɑnother cacique who dwelt beyond the river, […], went along with the prisoners to Isabella to intercede with the admiral for their pardon. The admiral received him very courteously, but ordered that the prisoners should be brought out into the market-place with their hands bound, and sentenced them to die. On seeing this the friendly cacique petitioned for their lives with many tears, promising that they should never be guilty of any other offence; at length the admiral relented and discharged them all. Robert Kerr… Voyages and Travels Having rapped at the gate, the porter unbolted and kept it half open, placing himself in the gap, […], to dispute my passage. I asked if his lord was stirring? He answered with a surly aspect, 'No'. 'At what hour does he commonly rise?' said I. 'Sometimes sooner, sometimes later,' said he, closing the door upon me by degrees. I then told him, I was come by his lordship's own appointment; to which intimation this Cerberus replied, 'I have received no orders about the matter'; and was upon the point of shutting me out, when I recollected myself all of a sudden, and, slipping a crown into his hand, begged as a favour that he would inquire, and let me know whether or not the earl was up. The grim janitor relented at the touch of my money, which he took with all the indifference of a tax-gatherer, and showed me into a parlour, where, he said, I might amuse myself till such time as his lord should be awake. Tobias Smollett (The Adventures of Roderick Random) On this haughty answer being reported to Cortes, he immediately sent off an alguazil with four horsemen and five Tezcucan chiefs, ordering them to seize and hang Xicotencatl wherever they could find him. Alvarado interceded strongly for his pardon, but ineffectually; for though Cortes seemed to relent, the party who arrested Xicotencatl in a town subject to Tezcuco, hung him up by private orders from Cortes, and some reported that this was done with the approbation of the elder Xicotencatl, father to the Tlascalan general. Robert Kerr (… Voyages and Travels) We are happy to say that Mrs. Shandon sped with very good success upon her errand. She who had had to mollify creditors when she had no money at all, and only tears and entreaties wherewith to soothe them, found no difficulty in making them relent by means of a bribe of ten shillings in the pound. William Thackeray (The History of Pendennis) Cleopatra made as if she would brain the flatterer with her fan, but relenting, smiled upon him. Charles Dickens (Dombey and Son) -) With the preposition from, immediately or mediately followed by its object (a noun, or a pronoun) which is designative of the ill-humour, the severity, or the severe behaviour or purpose: Of him, she professed a peculiar dislike —or rather absolute loathing: yet when Sir Rezin, so far relenting from what he deemed a needful severity, [… conceded] her the option of selecting another from among her patrician suitors […] ɑtkinson’s casket, vol. 8 [My guide] began a little to relent from her first rage. The New monthly magazine, vol. 1 […] so by secret report he had been advertised, that upon private communications and conferences, the learned men there [in Germany] had in certain points and articles yielded and relented from their first asseveration James Froude (History of England…) The king, moved by the tenderness of this piteous advocacy, seemed for a moment to relent from his stern sublimity John Galt (Spaewife) -) With the preposition of, immediately or mediately followed by its object (a noun, or a pronoun) which is designative of the ill-humour, the severity, or the severe behaviour or purpose: Mrs. Althorpe relented of her severity. W. Landor (The Head and the heart, in Graham Magazine) Such a sweet smile of ineffable goodness and […] innocence rested on her countenance, that I almost relented of my purpose. Henry Lewis (The Swamp Doctor's Adventures) The conqueror seemed […] to have relented of his former cruelty. Georges Flinter (A history of the revolution of Caracas) Although Selden withdrew the express bequest of his library to the university, yet he left its disposal to the discretion of his executors, and even by his uncertain expression, seemed willing to confess that he relented of his petulant resolution. George Johnson (Memoirs of John Selden) -) With the preposition in, immediately or mediately followed by its object (a noun, a pronoun, or a gerund) which is designative of the severe behaviour, feeling or purpose: The only reason he relented in allowing Jean-Louis to join us in the first place was because he was my friend. John Kretschmer (Flirting with Mermaids) The Arrapahoes, relenting in their vigilance, went so far as to offer us to accompany them in an expedition eastward. Frederick Marryat (Travels and Adventures of Monsieur Violet) I never relent in exacting my due from any one. Emily Bronte (Wuthering Heights) They entreated and requested to be transferred to Bretagne or Calais, where, under protection of the Duke of Bretagne or King of England, they might remain in a state of safety, until the sovereign of Burgundy should relent in his rigorous purpose towards them. Walter Scott (Quentin Durward) […] it is possible to imagine Shylock relenting in a hatred of which the reasons he assigned for it no longer existed. Frances Ann Kemble (Records of a Girlhood) It was impossible to engage him in any conversation on his own personal affairs; nor was he communicative or accessible in talking on any other subject whatever, although he seemed to have considerably relented in the extreme ferocity of his misanthropy. Walter Scott (The Black Dwarf) The young monarch was secretly apprised of the concerted treason, and refused an audience to the ambassadors. He denounced his uncle as the murderer of his father and his kindred and the usurper of his throne, and vowed never to relent in hostility to him until he should place his head on the walls of the Alhambra. Washington Irving (Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada) Lydia had never relented in her abhorrence of Hicks since the day of his disgrace. William Dean Howells (The Lady of the Aroostook) -) With the prepositions towards, or toward, immediately or mediately followed by its object (a noun, or a pronoun) which is designative of the animated being who were object of a severe behaviour, feeling or purpose: As James never forgave or relented towards anybody, he was not likely to soften towards the issuer of the Lyme proclamation, so he told the suppliant to prepare for death. Charles Dickens (ɑ Child’s History of England) […] Henry seemed on the point of relenting toward his old friend and faithful servant. William Herbert (Memoirs of Henry the Eighth of England) "Roland," said the Lady, somewhat appeased, and relenting towards her favourite, "you had me to appeal to when you were aggrieved [”]. Walter Scott (The Abbot) -) With the preposition into, immediately or mediately followed by its object (a noun, or a pronoun) which is designative of the soft feeling, behaviour or purpose that results from the leniency: […] the expedient […] of winding a letter round an arrow, and shooting it into the open window of his mistress, at a time when he knew that the stern severity of her father had relented into a permission that she should breathe the fresh air of the garden. The British essayists, vol. 44, edited by Alexander Chalmers Among the drivers who superintended them while at work was a Neapolitan, himself a captive, who had often relented into pity for them and done them sets of kindness. The Port folio -) The subject of the verb is found sometimes to be the severe feeling, purpose, etc., instead of the person: In such a cause, on such a mission, she would have stood at the Sprague door a suppliant until even the obstinacy of her father would have relented. Henry Francis Keenan (The Iron Game) Metaphorically: (of a impersonal thing, as weather, etc.) to become less vigorous or less brisk Before the rigour of the winter began to relent, and the snow to slip away at the gentle coming of the spring, I had many opportunities of observing the character and disposition of the settlers. John Galt (Lawrie Todd) For weeks the rain scarce relented. Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne (The Wrecker) Other English words derived from relent: relenting, relentingly, relentless, relentlessly, relentlessness, relentment, unrelented, unrelenting, unrelentingly, unrelentingness, unrelentor, unrelentable Other English words derived from Latin lentus: lentitude, lentor, lentitudinous _remiss_ Adjective Pronunciation and accent: rImIs Etymology: from Latin remissus, preterit participle of remittere (= send back, relax; remit), which is analyzable in re- (= back, again) + mittere (= to send). First definition: (of a person): literally: who remits from his labour. Hence, slack in doing something Antonyms: strict, brisk, punctilious, scrupulous, exact, prompt Synonyms: careless, negligent, heedless, thoughtless, dilatory Translation:remiso, in Spanish; negligente, in Italian; négligent, in French. -) With the preposition in, followed either by a gerund, or by a noun: Did she care less for her father -her own father- because she was so fond of Mr. Lance? Was she at all remiss in her memory of that dear parent because the presence of this dearly-loved friend made her so happy? Rosa Carey (Only the governess) Among this busy throng moved Dame Lovell, now [stirring] a pot, and now peeping into a pan, boxing the ears of any maiden who appeared remiss in her duty, and generally keeping up a strict and active supervision. Emily Holt (Mistress Margery) He was exceedingly remiss in keeping his secrets to himself. Robert Kerr (Voyages and Travels…) So remiss did they become in their attentions that we could no longer rely upon their bringing us the daily supply of food, which all of them had faithfully promised. Herman Melville (Omoo) The Western merchants who had money to pay for their goods were not remiss in ascertaining where the articles they wanted could be had on the best terms. John Jones (The city merchant) Our friend Wilson hinted to me the last time I saw him, that I had of late been remiss in my visits to you-it may be so, though upon my word I am not conscious of it. The Private correspondence of David Garrick I will be less remiss in my accounts. Fanny Burney (Letters..) -) Rarely, with the preposition about, followed by a gerund: A__ has invited one or two other very young officers, but I do not know yet whether they will come or not. Those "boys" are very remiss about answering invitations; sometimes I do not know whether one of them means to accept an invitation or not, till he makes his appearance at the time appointed, bowing and smiling, with a ring and a gold chain, quite unconscious that he has not been the very pink of politeness. Julia Maitland (Letters from Madras) I acknowledge that I have been very very remiss about writing Frances Brooke (Manners) Second definition: (of a conduct, action, etc.): manifesting remissness; characterized by carelessness, negligence, inattention or laxity Synonyms: neglectful, inattentive My dear Duchess,—It is very remiss in me not to have sooner answered your letter with the enclosure, but I received it at a moment of great grief, and since then I have been much occupied. The Letters of Queen Victoria She is the loveliest woman in London, he says—and was greatly surprised that she had not been pointed out to me in the Park. Now really, Uncle Oliver, this is very remiss in you—you who are so clever in showing me famous people when we are driving in the Park." Elizabeth Braddon (Mount Royal) English words derived from remiss: remissful, remissly, remissness Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of, the Latin mittere: admit, admittable, admittance, admitted, admittedly, admitter, admitting, unadmitted, admissibility, admissible, admissibleness, admissibly, admission, admissive, admissory, amissible, amissibility, commit, commitment, committable, commitib le, committal, committed, committednes, committee, committeeship, committer, committing, commissarial, commissariat, commissary, commissaryship, commiss io n (noun, verb), commissional, commissioned, commissioner, commissioners hip, commissionize, commissionless, commissive, commissively, demise (noun, verb) , demisable, dismiss, dismissed, dismissing, dismissal, dismissible, dismiss ing, dismissingly, dismission, dismissive, dismissively, dismissory, demit, demiss, demissio n, demissionary, demissionize, emit, emitted, emitter, emitting, emissary, emissaryc hip, emissile, emission, emissive, emissivity, emissary, immision, intermit, intermitted, intermittedly, intermittence, intermittency, intermittent, intermittently, intermitter, intermitting, intermittingly, intermission, intermissive, unintermission, uninterm itted, unintermittedly, unintermittent, unintermittently, unintermitting, unintermittingness, unintermittingly, intromit, intromittent, intromitter, manumit, manumitted, manumitting, manumitter, manumission, manumissive, intromissible, intromissibility, intromiss io n, intromissive, unmanumitted, mess (noun, verb), message (noun, verb), messaging, messageless, messagerie, messagery, messenger (noun, verb), messengership, transmit, transmitted, transmitting, transmittable, transmittal, transmittance, transmitta nc y, transmittant, transmitter, transmissibility, transmissible, transmission, transmissio na l, transmissionist, transmissive, transmissively, transmissiveness, transmissivity, transmissory, untransmissible, untransmitted, mise, missile, missilery, mission (noun, verb), missive, missioned, missionee, missioner, mittimus, omit, omitted, omitting, omitter, omissible, omissibility, omission, omissive, permit (noun, verb), permitted, permittedly, permittee, permitter, permitting, permittivity, permissible, permissibility, permisibleness, permissibly, permission, permissioned, permissive, permissive ly, permissiveness, permissivism, permissivist, permissory, premise (noun, verb), premisal, premised, premisory, pretermit, pretermitting, pretermitter, pretermittently, pretermitted, promise (noun, verb), promised, promisee, promissee, promiseful, promiseless, promiser, promising, promisingly, promisingness, promissive, promissorily, promissory, surmise, unpromise, unpromised, unpromising, unpromisingness, unpromisingly, remit (noun, verb), remitted, remitless, remitment, remittable, remittal, remittance, remittancer, remittee, remittence, remittency, remittent, remitter, remitting, remise, remissful, remissibility, remissible, remissibleness, remission, remissive, remissly, remissness, submit, submittable, submittal, submitted, submitter, submitting, submittingly, unadmitted Remittance Noun Plural: remittances Pronunciation and accent: rɪmɪtəns Etymology: from the verb remit + -ance. Remit is analyzed in re- (= to) and mittere (= to send) Definition: a. Something, as money, remitted from one place to another. b. The act of remitting or sending something, as money, to another place Synonyms: transmittal It may be translated by remesa, in Spanish; remise, in French; invio, in Italian. We have it on record, […] that the Vectigal of Asia was farmed by a company of Roman knights, and that the latter were […] indebted to the bankers of Rome. Previous to the conquest of Asia by Pompey, the annual remittance amounted to nearly two millions of our money, and this must have been but a small portion of the sum exacted from the Asiatics by the Roman knights James Ward (A history of gold) To the public, I stand pretty nearly in the relation of the postman who leaves a packet at the door of an individual. If it contains pleasing intelligence, a billet from a mistress, a letter from an absent son, a remittance from a correspondent supposed to be bankrupt […] Walter Scott (The Fortunes of Nigel) […] remittances would no longer be necessary from Spain to support the expenses of the array and government in the Netherlands. John Motley (The Rise of the Dutch Republic) […] Pizarro dispatched an advice-boat with a letter of credit to Rio de Janeiro, to purchase what was wanting from the Portuguese. He sent at the same time an express across the continent to […] Chili, to be thence forwarded to the viceroy of Peru, informing him of the disasters that had befallen his squadron, and desiring a remittance of two hundred thousand dollars from the royal chest at Lima, to enable him to refit and victual his remaining ships. Robert Kerr (Voyages and Travels) Douglas, alarmed at first at the magnitude and imminent danger of the enterprise, retired to the Border, and applied for aid to his English ally; who sent him a pecuniary remittance. Daniel Macintosh (History of Scotland) It is said that the money was paid by instalments, and that the letter enclosing the last remittance contained these lines : […] Adam and Charles Black (… Scotland) Carbajal […] returned in triumph to La Plata. There he occupied himself with working the silver mines of Potosi, in which a vein, recently opened, [… was] to make richer returns than any yet discovered in Mexico or Peru; and he was soon enabled to send large remittances to Lima, deducting no stinted commission for himself. William Prescott (… Conquest of Peru) I wrote out my task and something more, corrected proofs, and made a handsome remittance of copy to the press. The Journal of Walter Scott Other English words derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of, the Latin mittere: See REMISS. _requite_ Transitive verb. Pronunciation and accent: rɪkwaɪt. Etymology: it is analysed into re- (as in repay) + quite, variant of the verb quit, which is derived from Latin quietus (= quiet), from participle of quiescere (= to be quiet), from quies (= rest, quiet.) 1. To make requital for; to do or give something in recompense for (a good). Synonyms: to reward, recompense. Translation: récompenser, in French; recompensar, in Spanish; ricompensare, in Italian. Finding he expected from me a frankness equal to his own, I told him, that I was very certain I never could feel a truer esteem and regard than 1 did for him; and that I trusted by my future conduct to requite his affections as they deserved. Elizabeth Hervey… Amabel I feel your kindness, and wish for an opportunity to requite it. Henry Mackenzie… Miscellaneous works He took no part in the war; though he was evidently in favor of the Americans; alleging that the British government had illy requited his services. Orsamus Turner… Pioneer history… -)With the preposition with + noun of the recompense: And though extravagant in his personal expenses, and even indulging in luxurious habits, costly as Oriental dissipation, yet Captain Riga was a niggard to others; as, indeed, was evinced in the magnificent stipend of three dollars, with which he requited my own valuable services. Herman Melville… Redburn The lady does not return his passion, but requites it with the highest esteem and admiration. Southern Literary Messenger, vol. 3 -)-)Ironically: John was trusted with things in general, and requited the confidence by stealing a hundred dollars, and then stealing away. Thomas ɜnox… The oriental world 2. To make requital for; to do or give something in retaliation for (an evil, a wrong, etc.); to make retaliation for. Synonyms: to avenge, retaliate, reciprocate. This was all my recompence, except that he often desired me to be merry, as he would royally requite the wrongs he had done me, and send me home to my country with grace and rewards befitting a gentleman. Robert ɜerr… A General History of Voyages After which, in the same yeare, the Englishmen hearing of a multitude of Spanish ships, which for want of wind were deteined at Scluse, determined to enter the sea with a great power, desirous to requite the wrongs which the Spaniards had done unto them. Raphael Holinshed… Chronicles of England If Vasco Nunez felt scorn for Garabito, the latter requited it with a hatred equally unqualified, though less fearlessly expressed. William Simms… The Damsel of Darien 3. To make requital to (a person) for some good, service, etc.. Synonyms: to recompense, reward -)With the preposition with + noun of the recompense: The vulgar disrespect and parsimonious remuneration with which the teacher is sometimes requited. Claude Marcel… Language as a means… She became his teacher, playmate, and monitor; and he requited her with a prodigality of love and admiration. Margaret Ossoli… Memoirs -)-)With the preposition for + the thing for which someone deserves reward: For these services he was requited with the red ribbon. The Mirror of Literature, vol. III It will there apear how intrepid he was in the greatest dangers, how inshaken in the severest persecutions, how affectionate a lover of his people, and how ill he was requited for it. The Monthly Magazine, vol. 40 It is true, that after running great risks at sea, and undergoing great pains and chances, by carrying this gold to Spain, I may be requited for my trouble, and get enough benefit to make an honest livelihood. ɛ. Cooper… Mercedes of Castile 4. To make retaliation on (a person) for some evil, etc.. 5. To give or do in return for something; as, to requite like for like; --it is archaic. Words derived from requite: requital, requited, requiter. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin quies, see QUIESCE. _research_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: rɪs ːtʃ, or riːs ːtʃ. Etymology: from obsolete French recercher (modern French rechercher), which is analysed into re- + chercher (= to search). Transitively: 1. To make researches into (a subject); to attempt to become thoroughly acquainted with data about (something or someone), by means of books, records, oral relations, magazines, Internet pages, etc. Synonyms: to search exhaustively; to investigate. Translation: rechercher, in French; investigar, in Spanish; ricercare, in Italian. At times, researching a history of the city is rather like reading a transcript of a conversation in which one participant’s contribution has been deleted. Richard Miles… Carthage Must Be Destroyed … skills to research history. Rebecca ɒush, ɜ. Paul… Art and Public History As early as 1983, LiehMak, after researching lesbianism in Hong Kong, concluded that the reluctance of Chinese lesbians to come out of the closet must not be construed as the result of social disapproval of lesbianism in particular… Edmond J Coleman, Wah-Shan Chou… Eroticism in Chinese Societies The students had demanded to know if Columbia was part of this organization that researched military strategy. The university had refused to confirm or deny participation… Mark ɜurlansky… 1968 Eventually, he was drawn to the university library, where he read up on the history of the plague and researched funerary practices common during pandemics. Mark Collins… Vampire Forensics A way to defeat them can be found, if expertise can be pooled. I have researched you, Apothecary Dee. I have been studying you for some time now. I have seen your apothecarial records; read your reasons for wishing to enter the profession in your apprentice statement. Liz Williams… The Poison Master You said you’d researched me—it wouldn’t take a lot of investigation to find out about that. Liz Williams… The Poison Master 2. To make researches or an investigation for (a book, a magazine, or the like). ɑ ɒiography of Lincoln’s Friend […], which is carefully researched and well written but unfortunately not footnoted. ɑdam Goodheart… The Civil War… This book was researched at the Harlan Hatcher Graduate Library of the University of Michigan. Frances Gies… Life in a Medieval Village For a thoroughly researched article on the history of this first film, see Karel Margry… Saul Friedländer… The Years of Extermination If the plan failed […], Germany’s future depended on improvisation rather than a well researched backup plan. ɑlan Dale… The Super Summary… Seabrook spent months in Haiti while researching his 1929 book The Magic Island. Mark Collins… Vampire Forensics I wish to extend particular appreciation to the Columbia University Libraries, including Butler Library, the Barnard College Library, and the C. V. Starr East Asian Library, whose collections I often consulted while researching this book. Laurence ɒergreen… Marco Polo Intransitively: to make researches; to pursue a course of research. With the preposition into, in, on. We researched on blogs. ɑlex Pavitt… The Boys Who Cycled Europe Words derived from RESEARCH: researcher, researchable, reˈsearchful, reˈsearchist, research (n.), researching. _respite_ Noun. Plural: respites Pronunciation and accent: rEspIt. Etymology: from Old French respite (modernly: répit), which is from Latin respectus (= respect, regard, delay), participial from respicere (= to look back), verb compounded with re- and species (= look, kind). It is etymologically and semantically identical to French répit. SEE all English vocables derived from, or compounded with, Latin stems of species at the entry INSPECT, in this work. 1. Definition: delay asked or granted; the postponement of something ordained, authorized, or concerted; a grant of extending the appointed or due time to do something. Postdefinition: this acceptation is the nearest to the literality of the etymology, because a respite may be reputed as a respect to what one asked to be delayed. Translation: dilazione, proroga, in Italian; dilación, prórroga, suspensión, in Spanish; prorogation, in French. Why should the poor girl be turned out of doors so suddenly, so disgracefully? Procure for me, Sir, one fortnight's respite. In that space of time, I hope you will all relent. My mamma shall not need to shut her door in apprehension of seeing her disgraceful child. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa Again messengers came, asking for time--time, at least, till they could learn whether the Ubii would receive them. If the Ubii were favorable, they said that they were ready to go; but they could not decide without a knowledge of what was to become of them. They asked for a respite, if only for three days. James Anthony Froude (Caesar: A Sketch) "Certainly; therefore, I took good care to go with thee: however, thou mayest see the prior alone, if thou wilt; and lo! his door is open. I will stand without for five minutes, when it will be time to commence our journey." It was the poor Baron's last chance: and he entered his brother's room more for the five minutes' respite than from any hope of success. William Makepeace Thackeray (The Paris Sketch Book…) "One more respite, papa," she implored him George Meredith (The Egoist) The house was full. The conspirators were in their places with their daggers ready. Attendants came in to remove Caesar's chair. It was announced that he was not coming. Delay might be fatal. They conjectured that he already suspected something. A day's respite, and all might be discovered. James Anthony Froude (Caesar: A Sketch) Let the last moments of freedom which I am to enjoy be mine without interruption; and protract to the last moment the respite which is allowed me. Walter Scott (The Black Dwarf) -) In certain contexts, the respite is to be understood as a reprieve (the suspension or delay of a death punishment), and, rarely, the person who is respited or reprieved: The protector intended to have punished the governor and garrison of one of these castles for their temerity in resisting such unequal force: But they eluded his anger by asking only a few hours’ respite, till they should prepare themselves for death; after which they found his ears more open to their applications for mercy. David Hume (The History of England) What I here allude to, is a publication in a Philadelphia paper, copied afterwards into a New York paper, both under the patronage of the Washington faction, in which the writer, still supposing me in prison in France, wonders at my lengthy respite from the scaffold. Thomas Paine (The Writings Of Thomas Paine) To have thy prison days prolonged through middle age down to decrepitude and silver hairs, without hope of release or respite. The Last Essays of Elia 2. Extensively: interval from a work, a process, an action, etc.; pause; intermission; delay of something begun or attempted either to repose or to divert oneself to another thing. Translation: pausa, in Italian; pausa, in Spanish; pause, in French. On the conclusion of a number, I sometimes took two days’ respite; employing it in visiting some country house for the day and night, and indulging in eight hours’ sleep, instead of the five, or five and a half, with which I was otherwise obliged to be satisfied. David Hume (The History of England) At nightfall, after two half-hour respites for dinner and tea, he was so tired that he could scarcely stand. William Dean Howells (The Minister's Charge) This gained them a day's respite from their pursuers. Robert Southey (History of the Peninsular War) His constancy was not long tried; at the distance of about half a mile he saw an inn, which he entered wet and weary, and found civil treatment and proper refreshment. After a respite of about two hours, he looked abroad, and seeing the sky clear, called for his horse, and passed the first stage without any other memorable accident. Samuel Johnson (The Adventurer; The Idler) 3. Metaphorically: intermission of something unpleasant, as if it were the result of a granting. I do not remember any dread of thieves or ghosts in particular; but things as I actually saw them were dreadful to me; and it now appears to me that I had scarcely any respite from the terror. David Hume (The History of England) His uneasiness on this point, however, became gradually removed as his health improved; and Margaret felt thankful for the respite, though still more thankful for the means by which it was obtained. H. M. Jones (The Scottish Chieftains) […] both were glad to obtain a little respite from those multiplied calamities, from which the one, no less than the other, had, in their fierce contest for power, experienced such fatal consequences. David Hume (The History of England) I had a whole month of respite from all such cares. David Hume (The History of England) Watch him, as taking a few minutes’ respite from his toils, he negligently seats himse lf on the edge of a boat, and fans his broad bushy chest with a cap scarcely half so furry. Charles Dickens (Sketches by Boz) English word derived from respite: respite (verb) Restore Verb Pronunciation and accent: rIstOǝ(r) Etymology: from Old French restorer (now restaurer), and this one from Latin restaurare (= restore, renew). It is etymologically and semantically identical to Spanish restaurar, Italian ristorare, and French restaurer. It is analysable into re- (= again) and staurare (only in verbal combinations with the implication of to place, fix, establish) Third-person singular simple present: she/he restores Preterite tense, preterite participle: restored Present participle: restoring. First definition: to give back (something of which one has been dispossessed or which was previously lost); to make restitution of Antonyms: to destitute, deprive Translation:restituir, in Spanish; restituire, in Italian; restituer, in French. […] Lord Vaughan sauntered into the conservatory with Edith leaning on his arm. They were in […] conversation, and came direct to us, the lady appealing to me with a mixture of playfulness and earnest to induce her partner to restore some flowers which he had stolen from her bouquet. Menella Smedley (The maiden aunt) ["] I must have a reward of five thousand pounds immediately offered, and printed papers published to that effect throughout the country […]." She went on with increasing energy, "Five thousand pounds to anyone who will restore that child alive […]." Anne Marsh- Caldwell (Castle Avon) […] lowering his voice to a whisper he said, "ɑnd let me advise you, if you would avoid exposure and condign punishment, to restore me the diamond brooch you robbed me of that evening." William Russell (Recollections of a detective police-officer) Grant me the request, the very small request I make. Restore me my belt with its pockets. The Leisure Hour, vol. 42 Candish summoned all the caçiques of this island, and an hundred more, who had paid him tribute, and then revealed to them all, when assembled, that he and his men were Englishmen, and the greatest enemies the Spaniards had in the world. At the same time he generously restored them, in money, the value of all the tribute they had paid to him, in hogs, cocoa-nuts, potatoes, and the like. Robert Kerr (Voyages and Travels) Though I had determined to restore the canoes which had been detained to their owners, it had not yet been done Robert Kerr (Voyages and Travels) Gregorio Castaneda, whom he employed on this occasion, defeated the Peruvian commander, Juan Zurita, the author of the dismemberment, and restored that country to the authority of the governor of Chili. Robert Kerr (Voyages and Travels) Second definition: to cause (a person or thing) to be back to a previous or original state Synonym: reinstate -) With the preposition to, followed by a noun, designative of the restored state: In a few seconds, respiration became very apparent; the bird breathed faster and faster, opened its eyes, and began to look about, with as much seeming vivacity as ever. After it had completely recovered, I restored it to liberty. Alexander Wilson (American ornithology) [my venerable friend] procured a ladder, and, mounting to the spot where the bird was suspended, opened the cage, took out the prisoner, and restored him to liberty and to his parent, who, with notes of great exultation, accompanied his flight to the woods. Alexander Wilson (American ornithology) This restored her to some degree of confidence. Amelia Alderson Opie (Simple tales) This was an act of rebellion against his commander in chief; it consequently restored her to all her implacability; and she trembled with impatience till the counsel for the crown opened the prosecution. Amelia Alderson Opie (Simple tales) […] the young Polish lady, though feeble, had been restored to consciousness Willie Triton (The fisher boy) […] she requested him to transfer his residence to the disorderly capital, and endeavour to restore it to tranquillity. William Prescott (History of the reign of Philip…) […] on carefully removing the tarnish by chemical means, the picture is restored to all its original beauty. Alfred Brothers (Photography…) ɑ remedy has […] been found in brushing away these fine particles of colour after they have dried, and before the picture is fixed, with a very fine brush, by which means the picture is restored to its original freshness. Thomas Richardson, Henry Watts (Acids, alkalies and salts) She was again looking alternately up in my face, and down at her bosom as I thrust, and deliciously out sped my sperm. — As I gently moved up and down after I'd spent, — "You beast, that spunk ought to have been in my cunt," said she, and rushed to the looking glass pressing her breasts together. — "Oh what a lot of spunk" — then laughing she restored her breasts to their purity with soap and water, whilst I did the same to my empty ballocks. Walter (My Secret Life) -) With the preposition from, followed by a noun, designative of the state previous to the restoration: […] six persons were restored from misery to happiness. ɛohn Graham (Speeches…) I stripped off my clothes, and leaped from a rock into the sea. But the chill of waves, scarcely restored from a solid to a liquid form, almost paralysed me, and I was glad to scramble back to land. James Abbott (Narrative of a Journey from Heraut to Khiva, vol. 1) -) Reflexively: She looked Annie in the face with eyes superficially expressive of indignant surprise, and Annie perceived that she wished to restore herself in her own esteem by browbeating some one else into the affirmation of her innocence William Howells (Annie Kilburn) How was she to restore herself to his favour? Anthony Trollope (Kept in the Dark) With less loads the bar, if slightly bent temporarily, will restore itself to straightness. With greater loads, if any flexure is produced, however slight, the bar will not restore itself to straightness. William Unwin (The Elements of Machine Design) -) Particularly: to cause (something artificial, like a building, etc.) to be back in its original state when it was built or construed; to repair; to make a restoration of: […] every street and building was to be restored, from their very foundations. ɛames Elmes (… dictionary of the fine arts) […] both ships were careened, caulked, rigged, and restored fit for sea. Robert Kerr (Voyages and Travels) In a little while my dress was restored, and we took our leave. Arthur's Home Magazine, vol. 15 -) Particularly: to cause (something natural, like a fossil, etc.) to be back in its original form when it was alive, by joining the pieces that have been disjoined: The soundness of the reasoning of Cuvier […] was established by the subsequent discovery of skeletons, such as he had conjecturally restored from insulated bones. William Buckland (Geology and mineralogy) I hope to dredge this hole some day, and by washing the results through a screen shall probably get many of the smaller bones which I still require to complete the skeleton I am now restoring from the bones obtained. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, Volume 21 -) Particularly: to cause (a text, literary work, etc.) to be back in its original context when it was written, by replacing the words or letters which are missing or illegible -) Particularly: to cause (somebody being sick, weak, etc.) to be back to his healthy state: His health was perfect; and a few hours' sleep, after any great strain of mind or body, always restored him. Rosa Carey (Only the governess) I wish I could make some potent elixir in the same [… manner] as gooseberry wine, that would restore sick people to health. Adrien Paul (Willis, the pilot) When an infant has been restored from a state of asphyxia; it frequently relapses into a secondary asphyxia. The Lancet London, vol. I Like those flowers that droop during a storm, but recover their brilliancy with the first rays of the sun; so a few days more sufficed to restore Mary Wolston to better health than she had ever enjoyed in her life before. Adrien Paul (Willis, the pilot) […] as soon as he had quitted the fresh air, he fainted. We accordingly brought him back to the deck, and restored him to animation by rubbing him with brandy, and forcing him to swallow a small quantity. Mary Shelley (Frankenstein) She filled, too, a goblet of polished crystal with foaming wine ; but I had no need to drink, for I had restored myself enough with the fruits. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Volume 9 Third definition: to cause (something which was previously disestablished or discontinued) to be into existence again Synonyms: to re-establish, renew Translation:restaurar, in Spanish Clemangis […] is said by Crevier to have restored the study of classical antiquity in France, after an intermission of two centuries. Henry Hallam (Introduction to the literature of Europe) […] the school was again started under the auspices of one of the old standard teachers of the district, the confidence of the community became speedily restored. Willie Triton (The fisher boy) After some vociferation, quiet was at length fully restored, and, as very often happens in similar cases, a profound and remarkable silence ensued. Edgar Poe Fourth definition: to take or put back into a place. It is rarely found as a transitive verb, in this acceptation. -) Reflexively: to put itself back into the original position or place In a catenary curve the suspension-chain was in a condition of what was termed stable equilibrium : it had a tendency to restore itself if disturbed. james forrest (civil engineers) Many conjectures [… as] for the elasticity of the air. Some have compared the air to watch-springs or hoops, which coiled up by pressure, restore themselves again as soon as the pressure is removed. George Adams (Lectures…) Fifth definition: to reinstate (a person) in a former office. Other English words derived from staurare: restaurant, store (verb, noun), restored, restorer, storing, storeholder, stored, storehouse, storekeeper, storeman, store-room, storer, storeship, instauration, instaurator, restorable, restorableness, restoral, restoration, restorative, restoratively, restorativeness, restoring, restoringly, restaurant, restauranter, restaurate, restauration, restaurative, unstored _retard_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: rɪt ːd. Etymology: from Latin retardare, from re- (back) + tardus (= to make slow, to delay), from tardus (= slow). The Spanish retarder, French retarder, and Italian ritardare are from the same origin. Preterite tense: retarded. Preterite participle: retarded. Present participle: retarding. Transitively: 1. To cause the retardation of (an animated being or a thing, in respect of locomotion, action, accomplishment, etc.); to make slow, or slower; to keep back Synonyms: to delay, hinder, impede. Antonyms: to hasten, quicken, speed, hurry. Beauchamp started out of bed, and hurried on his clothes as fast as possible, for the voice was that of Sir Sidney Delaware; but his lameness still retarded him. George Rainsford… Thirty years since A rather fresh breeze ahead prevailed at night, retarding us somewhat in our usual progress. William Scoresby… Journal of a Voyage to Australia […] we were retarded about two hours by the dutchess D--lle, and her son the duc de R--f--t, who by virtue of an order from the minister, had anticipated all the horses at the post. Tobias Smollett… Travels through France and Italy In the evening the carriage came, Hutchinson took his leave, and Sir Robert and Lavalette proceeded on their way. They met with no obstruction till they reached Cambray, where they were retarded for three hours, by the obstinacy of an English sentry, who would not call the gatekeeper, he having received no order to do so. Richard Davenport… Narratives of peril… 2. To make tardy, slow, or slower; to cause the retardation of (an action, locomotion, etc.); to delay the accomplishment or process of Synonyms: to delay, hinder, slow. Antonyms: to accelerate, to hasten, quicken, speed. It was towards evening that Crawford marched from Glasgow upon this hazardous enterprise. About midnight he arrived in the neighbourhood of the fortress. A broken bridge over a torrent unexpectedly retarded his progress. Richard Davenport… Narratives of peril… […] the season accelerates or retards the melting of [ice.] Richard Davenport… Narratives of peril… These delays, and the frequent heavy rains, greatly retarded the progress of the travelers. David Livingstone… South Africa We have been snowed up here, and the communication with Boston is still very much retarded. The Letters of Charles Dickens A heavy rain retarded their march. Washington Irving… The Student's Life of Washington The wind now shifted to the S. and retarded our progress much. ɛames Grant… Voyage of Discovery to N.S.W. Our progress up the river was very much retarded by the shoalness of the water, adverse winds, and currents, continual fogs, and the great inaccuracy of the charts. Samuel Wilcocke… Viceroyalty of Buenos Aires In this extremity no other alternative seemed to remain than to attempt to regain the route from which they had departed. As all other considerations were now subordinate to those of personal safety, it was agreed to abandon the spoil acquired at so much hazard, which greatly retarded their movements. William Prescott… History of the reign of Ferdinand… Intransitively: to undergo retardation; to be delayed; to become slow or slower. English words derived from RETARD: retardance, retardation, retardant, retardate, retardative, retardatory, retarded, retardee, retardant, retarder, retarding, retardment, retardancy, retardance. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin tardus, see TARDY. _romp_ Verb. Pronunciation: rAmp. Etymology: of uncertain origin. It is conjectured that it may be either a modificatio n of the verb RAMP (= to act with violent gestures), or one of the obsolete noun ramp (= an ill-behaved woman). Third-person singular simple present: she/he romps. Preterite tense, preterite participle: romped. Present participle: romping. Intransitively: 1. To behave boisterously frolic while being in company with someone else; this is, to manifest a romping mood while being accompanied. Synthetic antonym: to behave seriously. Synonyms: to frolic merrily; to play frolicsomely; to sport boisterously, frisk, rollick, disport, disport oneself, Translation: chahuter, in French; chacotear, in Spanish; sbaccanare, in Italian. I recollect, when we used to romp, and quarrel, and kiss; then, I had no fear of him: and now, if he but speaks to me, I tremble […] Frederick Marryat… Olla Podrida The dark was fast gathering, but children still romped in the street. Harry Wilson… Ewing\'s Lady Meg danced and flirted, chattered and giggled, as the other girls did. After supper she undertook the German, and blundered through it, nearly upsetting her partner with her long skirt, and romping in a [… manner] that scandalized Laurie, who looked on and meditated a lecture. But he got no chance to deliver it, for Meg kept away from him till he came to say good night. Louisa ɑlcott… Little Women When the children got tired and began to be restless, [… Miss Grey] proposed a game, and in a few minutes the whole school was romping and shouting and enjoying the novelty of a real play in the schoolroom. Olive Miller… Kristy's Rainy Day Picnic Another day we romped, and pelted each other with the pillows from her bed, she stood on the landing, I half way down the stairs, and kept when I could, my head just level with the top of the landing on which she was, so that as she whisked backwards and forwards, picking up the pillows to heave at me, I saw up to her knees. Walter… My secret life As we walked along we heard music or gentle voices, and now and then came upon a charming cottage, with a beautiful lawn or garden, just enough exposed to let the passerby imagine what he pleased; and on the lawn was a light fanciful tent, or an arbour hung with foliage, under which the occupants, with perhaps a party of friends from the city, were taking tea, and groups of rosy children were romping around them. ɛohn Lloyd Stephens (Incidents of travel in Greece… ) The old turnspit was bred in the kitchen, and its daily task was to run in the revolving drum that helped to roast the meat. Its legs became deformed like those of the dachshund. It cared not to romp in the green meadows, to run with the hounds, it waddled about the kitchen floor looking out for the bones and scraps of fat cast to it, as payment for its toil. Sabine Baring-Gould (Castles and Cave Dwellings of Europe) […] white and red cows were grazing, and now and then young horses romping away from groups of their elders. William Dean Howells (Seven English Cities) Some of the villages are inhabited, almost exclusively, by fishermen; and it is pleasant to see their great boats hauled up on the beach, making little patches of shade, where they lie asleep, or where the women and children sit romping and looking out to sea, while they mend their nets upon the shore. Charles Dickens (Pictures from Italy) [The children] would climb and clamber upstairs with him, and romp about him on the sofa, or group themselves at his knee, […], while he seemed to tell them some story. Charles Dickens (Dombey and Son) Every night after supper the prettiest gang of skunks would frolic down off the hills ide and romp round us. Harry Leon Wilson (Ma Pettengill) -) With the preposition with, to signify the participant(s) in the romp: For the last three months he had been at home, and his chief employment was kissing and romping with the maids. Frederick Marryat (Olla Podrida) Here, in his library, surrounded by his books, or in the music room playing over some little Chopin prelude, or on the lawn romping with the giant police dog, he could forget the public that would not let him rest. Harry Leon Wilson (Merton of the Movies) […] ladies, gentlemen […], romped with the girls of the house in high good-humour. Hester Lynch Piozzi (Observations and Reflections… ) [The children] had, […], other playmates with whom they could romp all day long. James Stephens (The Crock of Gold) My aunt and others were in the very field, but had no idea of the game we were playing, the girl romping with us had no idea that we were looking at her cunt, and an instantaneo us peep only it was. Walter (My secret life) […] the oran-outang never condescended to romp with the monkey, as he did with the boys of the ship. Oliver Goldsmith (ɑ history of the earth… ) Second definition: (of an animated being) to move, locomote or run easily, as if for sake of play. Slang. It may be construed with adverbs, as along, away, etc. […] I, who had romped along carelessly through the countries of the world […], was not a member of any union. Jack London (John Barleycorn) He had never seen so many rabbits before. The sight overwhelmed him and he could only watch, whimpering grievously as they romped away from him. Enid Michael (Beyond Pendowry Water) ɑll three of us piled out of the Suburban. Simba licked her friend’s face. ɛoyfully, she romped away from him, then returning, she bowed her greeting, challeging him to play. Jack Canfield – Mark Hansen (Chicken Soup for the Dog Lover’s Soul) [Jo] walked down toward the water and let Charlie off the leash —he scampered in his clumsy […] way along the line of the waves, feeling puppyish, romped back toward her, inviting Jo to chase him, his head down between his paws, his rump hiked in the air, his tail wagging. Mary Ann Taylor-Hall (At the Breakers) The dog looked at him, waited until it had finished pissing, then romped back towards its master. He grabbed it by the collar. Paul McHugh (The search for Goodbye-To-Rains) [Rhonda Shapiro] appeared to be running after the wolf. Then she stopped and crouched. Kinta romped back toward her. Calvin Miller (The Dogs of Snoqualmie) -) Hence, to win easily, as if for sake of, or as if in consequence of, a play (frequently in idiomatic constructions, as to run in, to run home, etc.): […] the number 15 horse romped home. Anthony Farah (Crack in the Cedar) [The horse Citizen] romped in at thirty-three to one. Eva Mary Keay (Mary Lothian) Transitively: First definition: (of an animated being) to move, locomote or run easily, as if for sake of play, through (a place = direct object) Slang. I decided to visit the forest where we used to hunt squirrels when we were in grade school. Our interests began to differ in high school, and we seldom romped the hills and woods we had in an earlier time. James Pearson (The Short Fiction of James Pearson) They rode hard to the top of the ridge and dismounted. The cabin lights flickered and glowed in the valley. Their valley. All six of the boys were born in this valley. They romped the hills when there was nothing but wilderness. Jane Bennett Gaddy (The Mississippi Boys) My four brothers and I romped the meadows and fields and played in the creek deep in the woods behind our house until Mother’s voice called, “Children, come to dinner.” Frances Hoffman (Candles Along the Way) Second definition: to transport, drive, or convey (something or someone) in a boisterous or romping manner Third definition: to win (something) easily, as if for sake of, or as if in consequence of, a play. Postdifinition: it is found frequently in the idiomatic construction to romp it. We had been tacking back and forth across the channel for six days to gain a paltry 260 miles. With a good fair wind we would have romped it in two. Frank Mulville (Rescue and recovery) The bet is accepted by the uncle, who yields his consent to the match if he is outwitted. Julia, the niece, was performed by Mrs. Wells; and her maid by Mrs. Brown, who, somewhat late in life, was brought to romp it against the Jordan. James Boaden (Memoirs of Mrs. Inchbald) Fourth definition: (of a plurality of persons) to undertake mutually (a romping) Postdifinition: this definition is to be verified only with the idiomatic phrase to romp it. This time I had no need to proffer spurious excuses to my friends. Peggy, my sister Neeney and several other girls were romping it up at a pyjama party held at Marlene’s. Warren Evans (Corky, Peggy and the Goldfinch) When they’d headed downstairs earlier, all Maggie could think about was returning to their hotel room and romping it up with mad, passionate sex. Louisa Bacio (Sex University) Other English vocables derived from the verb romp: romping (noun, participial adj.), romp, rompingly, romper, rompish, rompishly, rompishness, rompy _Roof_ Verb. Pronunciation: rU;f. Etymology: from the noun roof. Preterite tense, preterite participle: roofed. Present participle: roofing Transitively: 1. To cover with a roof. Translation: techar, in Spanish; couvrir avec un toit, in French; coprire con un tetto, in Italian. Antonym: to unroof. [Of market-places] These structures are generally built and roofed in a very slight and unadorned manner. James Elmes… dictionary of the fine arts -)With the preposition with, followed by a noun, with which the material is designated: There is a little rude hut, with walls of rough stone and roofed with sods, standing, sheltered under the rock, close by the side of the stream. Anne Marsh- Caldwell… Castle Avon The greater part of [… the houses] are merely cane cottages, roofed with palm leaves, and quite open to the wind and weather. Edward Penny… Mexico The interior of the main building, with the exception of an apartment roofed with heavy cross timbers, is scarcely worthy of the note-book. F. P. Palmer, ɑlfred Forrester… The wanderings of a pen and pencil -)-)With the adverb in: Three-fourths of the boat nearest the stern is roofed in. John Palmer (ɛournal of travels…) […] the houses are nearly all built of wood roofed in with sheet-iron. Henry Edwards (The Russians at home) -) With the adverb over: The general direction of the souterrain, near the Second Pyramid, was east […]. It appeared to have contained a communication, made out of a natural fissure, and was roofed over with slabs to form a level surface. Richard Howard (… Pyramids of Gizeh) In the centre of the enclosure stood a kind of stage, roofed over like a house, and on it were laid several small canoes. Richard Cruise (ɛournal… New Zealand) Second definition: (of a roof) to be or form a roof over (something or someone) As he lay staring up through the thorny mesquite branches that roofed him inadequately from the dew he marveled mightily. Rex Beach (Heart of the sunset) Third definition: (of a person) to receive into a roofed house; to house Other English words derived from roof: unroofing, unroofed, roofed, roofer, roofless, roofing, roofy, disproof _Rote_ Noun. Plural: rotes. Pronunciation: rəUt. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Other English vocables derived from rote: rote (verb), roting. Definition: routine, custom, habit. Postdefinition: this acceptation was rare and now is obsolete except in the idiom by rote, which is intended to mean: “By routinary memorization or iteration, but with little or no intelligence, attention or reflection”; this is, “with little or no attention or intelligence, the thing in action being routinary.” Translation: irreflexivamente, inconsideratamente, in Italian. in Spanish; inconsidérément, in French; We are like children who repeat by rote the sentences of grandames and tutors. Ralph Emerson… Essays I suspected that my gentleman talked by rote. Hester Piozzi… Observations and Reflections… "Good-bye, John," returned Caleb. He seemed to say it by rote, and to wave his hand in the same unconscious manner; for he stood observing Bertha with an anxious wondering face, that never altered its expression. Charles Dickens… The Cricket… [Parrots, apes and jackdaws] act by rote, as the others speak by it, and equally make me silent: nay, my dog and my cat, though I value them both. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the earth… The absence of comprehension, or information to the understanding, is the characteristic, the essence of learning by rote. George Moody… The English journal… ‘What, sir,’ she repeats, ‘are we to make our children learn things by rote like parrots […]?’ The Knickerbocker, v. 8 These ‘biennials’—a word used by rote now to indicate large juried, invitatio na l survey shows—are actually descendants of the big annual painting salons of 19thcentury Europe and the blockbuster Venice Biennale, which began in the 1890s. Art News, May 95/2 She took no notice while he read by rote a solfa fable for her, plappering flatly. ɛames ɛoyce… Ulysses Ladies and gentlemen, I confess, also, that I don’t like those schools, […], where those sweet little voices which ought to be heard speaking in very differe nt accents, anathematise by rote any human being who does not hold what is taught there. Charles Dickens… Speeches These liberal directions Mr. Grewgious issued with his usual air of reading an inventory, or repeating a lesson, or doing anything else by rote. Charles Dickens… The Mystery of Edwin Drood In singing the scale, they [children] will at first sing slow, and then gradually faster and faster. They may then sing, by rote, measures and phrases in rhythm and melody after the teacher. Lowell Mason… Boston Academy of Music […] both those who talk by rote, and those who sing by rote, are often proficients in practice, without knowing that those arts are capable of rules and of very subtil analyzation, any more than a child of five years old comprehends, or can explain, how he stands and walks. Joshua Steele… Prosodia rationalis -)This adverbial use may be employed attributively or adjectively, by omitting the preposition by: rote learning is a learning adquired by rote; rote knowledge is a knowledge acquired by rote, etc. She likely often relies on her rote memory skills. Sam Goldstein… Managing attention… Much more common than rote knowledge is what I call shallow knowledge, meaning that students have some understanding of the material but their understanding is limited. Daniel T. Willingham… Why Don’t Students Like School Let us not underestimate the advantage of having these facts readily, accurately, and reliably available in the form of well-practiced routines. But neither let us forget the importance of understanding, without which these routines become rote-learned habits, of little or no adaptability. Richard R. Skemp… The psychology of learning mathematics […] rote learning (or memorization) occurs when learners store new informa tio n in their short-term memory in a disjointed manner, without integrating that information within schemas in their long-term memory. Lawrence A. Tomei… Integrating information… Rote-learned songs. ɒrian Richards… Language development… […] it proved to be extraordinarily difficult to get pupils and students away from the conventional strategies of rote learning to strategies of meaningful learning. Piet ɑ. M. ɜommers… Cognitive support for learning Rote learning is a teaching or learning method based on telling students information directly, which they then memorise and reproduce in the examina tio n. Mary Waters – Alan Waters… Study tasks in English Taking students to an entirely new learning environment may augment memory. Field trips that include interactive experiences and hands-on learning are more dynamic and interesting than a rote lesson in the class-room. Sheryl Feinstein… The Praeger handbook of learning… “We must hold on,” ɑnnie repeated, as if she were obediently reciting a rote lesson, “until they come for us.” Rosie Thomas… Strangers […] like a schoolboy reciting a rote lesson. John Jakes… Love and war […] I say it without fear, that it was a rote learning. I do not mean by rote what is commonly implied in that term, the getting of a single problem by heart and then repeating it; but that the whole study, from the beginning to the end, was a rote with us, and that it is, almost invariably, little else. John Scott – John Taylor… The London magazine [Students] learned history and geography by accumulating information in a rotelike manner. Paul Axelrod… The promise of schooling […] the adquisition of a certain rote knowledge of the latin grammar. The analyst Another memorisation technique which has a long history in language learning is rote learning. This involves repetition of target language items either silently or aloud. […] These items commonly appear in list form; typical examples being items and their translation equivalent (e. g. door = die Tür), items and their definitions (e. g. nap = short sleep) […] Ruth Gairns… Working with words Beginning students can also learn about making music through rote learning, imagery, imaginative pieces, duets with teachers […] Jeanine M. Jacobson… Professional piano teaching _scamp_ Verb. Pronunciation: skæmp. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense: scamped; preterite participle: scamped; present participle: scamping. Transitively: to do or make (something, the direct object being often the word work) in either a neglectful, or skimpy or hasty manner; to do or make it by scrimping on materials . Synonyms: to huddle (something) over; to huddle through. Antonyms: to elaborate, overwork. Translation: chapucear, in Spanish; acciarpare, in Italian; bâcler, in French. Middle-class houses are “scamped” in the same manner. The walls are so thin that you can hear in one house the conversation of people in the next. […] The workmanship is not quite so much scamped as in the houses of the poorer classes. William Chambers – Robert Chambers… Chambers’s papers… […] he wanted the wages, though he knew he “scamped” the work. Henry Mayhew – Augustus Mayhew… The image of his father Large cavities were left in the walls, into which, as the courses rose, they cast bushels of small stones, by way of filling in –a perilous mode of scamping off their work, which, among fifty stretcher bricks, exhibited not two headers! George Musgrave… Nooks and Corners in Old France We know […], that republications of respectable books are thus often scamped up in the most disgraceful manner; and it cannot be otherwise. With no revision but that of the printer, what else can be expected? Typographical errors abound. William Stowell… The Eclectic review -) Scamped (participial adjective): What is worth doing at all is worth doing well, and architecture hurried or scamped is never worth the money it costs. James Braid… The Musical world, vol. 36 -)-)Scamp-work: scamped work: If a man belonged to a trades union, and were guilty of what is called “scamp work”, would the opinion of the other members of the trades union go against him, so as to prevent that kind of work? –When you make use of the expression “scamp work” I understand you to mean work not thoroughly performed. House of Commons papers, vol. 22 Intransitively: to be niggardly; to behave niggardly; to do or make one’s work by scrimping on materials; to behave as a scamper. Antonyms: to be prodigal. Synonyms: to niggardize, spare, scrimp, skimp. […] all printers should know Perkins, Goodwin & Co. They never “scamp” on price, or quality. Elbert Hubbard… Fra Magazine […] there is no evidence that the builders were either trying to scamp on the dimensions or quality of materials, or that they were trying to crowd more and smaller houses onto their plots than the agreements allowed. H. J. Dyos – Michael Wolff… The Victorian City Other English words derived from scamp: scamper (noun), scamping (noun, adj.). _scan_ Verb. Pronunciation: skæn. Preterite tense: scanned; preterite participle: scanned; present participle: scanning. Etymology: from Latin scandĕre (= to climb; later, to scan a poem). Transitively: 1. To recite (verse) metrically; to count the measures of (a poem). Cf. scansion. 2. To inspect (something) part by part. Hence, to look searchingly at or into. Synonyms: to scrutinize, examine. Translation: scruter, in French: escrutar, in Spanish; scrutare, in Italian. I scanned more narrowly the real aspect of the building. Its principal feature seemed to be that of an excessive antiquity. Edgar Poe The purport of his visit soon became evident; he scanned the vessel with eagle eyes from the bends to the royal-mast. Thomas ɛacobs… Adventures in the Pacific Ocean […] blue eyes, which brightened with a restless expression as they scanned the features of her aunt's guest. Ballou's Monthly Magazine, vol. 3-4 He greeted me with brevity, and, in the moment of shaking hands, scanned me from head to foot. Charlotte ɒrontë… The Professor Mr. Nyttleton scanned the whole heap of letters, testimonials, and references, sorting them into two heaps. Thomas Hardy… Desperate Remedies "Good-morning," we said. One of the men was a sergeant. He scanned my animal, and then me, with a […] smile. George Cable…The Cavalier […] the box containing the bonds for my inspection was brought into the library. I carefully scanned them, appreciated their genuineness at a glance. Thomas Littleton… Confessions of a thief -)Particularly: a. To subject (an area, space, etc.) to a minute search, in order to find someone or something. I backed the Honda out of the spot, whipped through the McDonald’s lot, looking for Cynthia’s car. When I couldn’t find it there, I got back on the main road and sped down the street to the other fast-food outlets. […] I pulled into another lot, scanned it for Cynthia's car. Linwood Barclay… No Time for Goodbye She crouched down next to me to look up at the sky as well and scan it for ships and castles. Christa Wolf… What Remains and Other Stories […] one night […] I scanned the Internet for computers with unprotected Windows File Sharing. Robert Cowart, ɒrian ɜnittel… Microsoft Windows Vista The next [… action] in cleaning up a system is to scan it for viruses, adware, and spyware. ɛean ɑndrews… Fixing Windows Vista b. To subject (something written or printed, as a text, a list) to a search, in order to find something. Synonym: to search. […] the computer scans the text and short-term memory for information to complete certain expectations. William Costanzo… The Electronic Text […] we scanned literature for descriptions of food, perfumes, etc. Ernest Dichter… The Strategy of Desire As the day was now waning apace, and I was still unprovided with any one who could act as my second, I set out upon a search through the various large hotels in the neighbourhood, trusting that amid my numerous acquaintance I should be fortunate enough to find some of them at Paris. With a most anxious eye I scanned the lists of arrivals at the usual haunts of my countrymen, in the Rue Rivoli, and the Place Vendome, but without success. Charles Lever… The Confessions of Harry Lorrequer The health centre staff were able to scan the reservations database. Ray Green… The Toxic Power Taking the map of England, therefore, I scanned it for the purpose of selecting some out-of-the-way place where we should be able to maintain a perfect incognito, and appear at the same time as respectable, easy circumstanced. Eliza Cook… Eliza Cook's Journal, vol. 8 They who have seen him scanning the steward's list of dishes, and [… pronouncing] the necessary orders for his own and his friend's dinner, at about half-past four in the afternoon, have seen John Vavasor at the only moment of the day at which he is ever much in earnest. Anthony Trollope… Can you forgive her? c. (Of a computer or a computerized device) to read (data). 5. To consider (something) minutely. […] until we had carefully scanned the facts. Edward Hitchcock… Geology of Vermont, vol. I For several months, being constantly in their parties, he scanned the character of Alletto with a smiling countenance. ɛohn Sartain… Friendship’s Offering 6. To cause (something or someone) to be traversed by a scanning beam; to subject to scanning or to a scanner. Particularly: to make a scan of (an animal body or part of it). 25 pictures per second is a low enough frequency to cause noticeable flicker. To avoid this the scene is actually scanned 50 times per second. M. G. Scroggie… Wireless and Electronics […] the electron beam scans a target on which an image of the scene to be televised is focused. M. G. Scroggie… Wireless and Electronics When the wizard starts, follow this procedure to scan your pictures. Robert Cowart, ɒrian ɜnittel… Microsoft Windows Vista From the outside, a CT scanner resembles a huge doughnut, with a cylindrical hole roughly 70cm in diameter […]. The person to be scanned lies on a table. Suzanne ɑmador ɜane… Introduction to Physics 7. To cause (a beam or its like) to traverse something to scan it. […] as the SEM beam is scanned over the specimen, the image is simultaneously produced on the viewing screen. M. Dykstra – Laura Reuss… Biological Electron Microscopy Predefined masks — this method is similar to the previous one except that the beam is scanned over the whole particle and not positioned at one point only. Kvetoslav R. Spurny… Analytical Chemistry of Aerosols Intransitively: to make a scanning. It was a carefully prepared description of the Guildford experiments […]. What interested me most, however, as in every technical paper that one scans through quickly, was the paragraph headed “Conclusions”. Nevil Shute… No Highway In this mode the radar antenna is made to scan over a sector in a vertical plane while being held at a constant azimuth angle. Pravas Mahapatra… Aviation Weather Surveillance Systems Finally, Lea found larger increases in time to scan over each additional item than I found to scan across an entire image of a line drawing. Stephen ɜosslyn… Image and Mind They told me that it was going to take a while, so I had to sit there and be patient until the computer scanned through to find the corrupt files and delete them. C. C. Harrison… Now is the time The computer scans in the bar code and matches it against the order for that particular load. Robert Greenberger… Careers Without College To know or learn more words derived from Latin scandĕre, see ASCEND in this work. Words derived from scan: scannable, scanner, scanning, scanningly. _scorn_ Verb. Pronunciation: skO:n. Etymology: from Old French escarnir (= to deride), which is supposedly identical with Spanish escarnecer and Italian schernire, but whose origin is uncertain. Third-person singular simple present: she (he) scorns. Preterite tense, preterite participle: scorned. Present participle: scorning. Intransitively: to behave derisively; to mock. Transitively: 1. To deride; to make an object of derision; --it is an obsolete and pristine use. 2. To think (something or someone) unworthy; to feel disdain for. Antonyms: to honor, reverence, disregard, wish, desire, to overvalue, admire, esteem, venerate, overestimate. Synonyms: to despise, contemn, disdain, slight, to undervalue, under-estimate. Translation: desdeñar, in Spanish; disdegnare, in Italian; dédaigner, in French. You have scorned me—you have outraged me—you have not assumed towards me even the decent hypocrisies of prudence—yet now you would ask of me, the conduct, the sympathy, the forbearance, the concession of friendship. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Eugene Aram In fine, she said I might leave my cloaths there that evening, but that she would send them to us the next morning; that she scorned the thought of detaining them. Henry Fielding… Amelia The Harlowes are […] implacable family. I hate them: and, though I revere the lady, scorn all relation to them. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa As we wished to be on good terms with all, we sent the hump and ribs to Njambi, with the explanation that this was the customary tribute to chiefs in the part from which we had come, and that we always honored men in his position. He returned thanks, and promised to send food. Next morning he sent an impudent message, with a very small present of meal; scorning the meat he had accepted, he demanded either a man, an ox, a gun, powder, cloth, or a shell; and in the event of refusal to comply with his demand, he intimated his intention to prevent our further progress. We replied, we should have thought ourselves fools if we had scorned his small present, and demanded other food instead. David Livingstone… Researches in South Africa The brave man wants no charms to encourage him to his duty, and the good man scorns all warnings that would deter him from fulfilling it. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Harold "Four dollars and eighty- five cents," she announced, giving him a pert little smile. Johnny flipped a small gold piece to the desk and marched off, scorning his fifteen cents change with the air of a millionaire. B. M. Bower… The Thunder Bird Pasture lands that he had scorned at ten cents an acre but a decade before were eagerly sought at two and three dollars, and the cattle that he had bartered away he bought back at double and triple their former prices. ɑndy ɑdams… Reed Anthony, Cowman A woman scorned, is a woman to be feared. ɑnonymous… Castle… a tale of old Ireland […] I did not scorn her advice. ɑrthur Doyle… Sherlock Holmes […] he scorns me and despises me for my selfishness and my indifference. Anne Marsh-Caldwell… Father Darcy […] are my terms scorned or accepted? Edward ɒulwer Lytton… Leila -)With the preposition for, followed by its object (a noun, or a gerund), by which the cause is designated: On this I sharply reproved him for his heretical ignorance, and he scorned me for my ignorance of the language. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels It would have been natural enough to scorn him for his doubt, to punish him for his neglect, to condemn him for his lack of courage, when a word or two, scarcely a question, would have made everything clear between them. Edith Delano… The land of content The people who had scorned me for being cheap started flattering me by calling me rich. Ebony, January 1963 All this backbiting and slandering had effect upon Princess Angelica, who began to look coldly on her cousin, then to laugh at him and scorn him for being so stupid, then to sneer at him for having vulgar associates. William Thackeray… The Rose and the Ring -)-)Reflexively: The season had been unusually hot, and Mrs. Diantha had not spared herself from her duty on account of the heat. She would have scorned herself if she had done so. Mary Wilkins… The Copy-Cat and Other Stories She scorned herself for being a coward. Ellen ɛames… The Man Next Door “I stand reproved," said Emma, forcing herself to smile more smilingly, and less as if she scorned herself for smiling. ɑnonymous… The Unveiled heart “She is very beautiful,” said Helen; but there was a proud satisfaction in the tone. It was as if she had said, what she really would have scorned herself for even consciously thinking, much less saying — "but I am more beautiful." Henry Peterson… Pemberton She scorned herself for a delusion which seemed to her now to have been purely pathological. Elizabeth Phelps… The successors of Mary the first 'Papa, do you know what you are saying?' expostulated Ethel; the audacity of the statement bewildered her; she would have scorned herself for her credulity if she had believed him. Rosa Carey… Heriot's Choice He took her hands and kissed them, and he thought, as he got out into the street, that he had felt them tremble. It was a pleasant surprise, on which he felt inclined to congratulate himself. The knowledge had a quite other effect on his betrothed. She smote her clenched fists angrily together, and scorned herself for the feebleness of her extremities. Hunt Caffyn… A yellow aster He despises that fellow he plays with, and scorns himself for making him his companion. George ɑitken… The Tatler -) The object of the verb may be an infinitive or a gerund, with this semantic implication: to think so ill of (a practice, a possible action) as to be unwilling either to imitate it or to accomplish it; to disdain to do something; to think (it) so unbecoming as to be reluctant to do it. Antonyms: to wish, be willing, desiderate. […] the little children used to gather round me, and pat me, and pull my ears; and even if they pulled a little too hard, I scorned to complain, or hurt them in return. ɛulia Maitland… Cat and Dog I knows what civility is, and I scorn to behave myself unbecoming a gentleman. Henry Fielding… Amelia Mr. Asid said he scorned to use unnecessary language. Flit Pseud… The memoirs of Davy Dreamy I beg pardon of all the worthy company for speaking this little whisper, which certainly I should scorn to do before ladies, if it had not been a secret. Fanny ɒurney… Camilla What they called a robber (he said to those who tried him) he was, because he had taken spoil from the ɜing’s men. What they called a murderer, he was, because he had slain an insolent Englishman. What they called a traitor, he was not, for he had never sworn allegiance to the King, and had ever scorned to do it. Charles Dickens… A Child’s History of England Lord Russell might have easily escaped, but scorned to do so, being innocent of any wrong. Charles Dickens… A Child’s History of England "The manner, Sir," said I, "in which you spoke that request, made, and will make, me scorn to answer it." Fanny ɒurney… Evelina Why rest here in idleness, waiting for pleasant weather? My uncle himself would be the first to scorn doing such a thing were the case his own. Thomas Speight… Under lock and key She had never expected to be a listener. Yesterday she would have scorned doing anything so dishonorable, but today –she opened wide her ears. Richard Mace… The first families In his reckless pride Braddish scorned making an appeal for admittance. There were lights in the rooms on the ground floor of the house, and he thought, therefore, that a door might be unlocked. ɑrthur Pier… The triumph Other English words derived from scorn: scorn (noun), scorned, scorner, scornful, scornfully, scornfulness, scorning, scorningly, unscorned, unscornful, unscornfully, unscornfulness. _scowl_ Verb. Pronunciation: skaUl Etymology: of uncertain origin. Third-person singular simple present: she/he scowls. Preterite tense, preterite participle: scowled. Present participle: scowling. Intransitively: 1. To manifest, either intentionally or involuntarily, resentment, illhumour, anger, hatred, through a grimace; to look with a scowl. Synonyms: to lour, lower, to look angry. Antonyms: to smile, wink, blow a kiss. Translation: imbronciarsi, in Italian; hacer mala cara, in Spanish; bouder, in French. The tall man, who seemed to be the leader, related an account of a deer-hunt in which he had participated, in Fayette county, Illinois, on the Kaskaskia river, and when he mentioned the place, the others scowled and winked at him, as if to stop him. ɑllan Pinkerton… Mississippi Outlaws and the Detectives Two women and a man sat among the many packages behind. On the box-seat, next the driver, was a lanky youth, peculiarly white and unhealthy of visage. Percival stared at him. In envy perhaps of the sturdy and glowing health of the starer, the lanky youth scowled back, and lowering his jaw pulled a grimace with an ease and repulsiveness […]. Arthur Hutchinson… The Happy Warrior -)With the prepositions at, on, or upon, followed by a noun, by which the person or thing at which the scowler looks his anger, resentment, etc., is designated: "The chances is he'll die on the road," croaked Happy Jack tactlessly, and they scowled at him for voicing the fear they were trying to ignore. Bertha ɒower… The Happy Family Captain Peterson scowled at me, for I was disgracing his ship. William Thomes… On land and sea […] he scowled at me with a countenance indicative of anything but welcome, and did not seem in the least more pleased when Ethel entreated her friend Laura not to take her bonnet, not to think of going away so soon. William Thackeray… The Newcomes […] he scowled at us for daring to express a wish to proceed, and looked altogether so formidable, that it was a relief to see him rattle out of the courtyard, as he laughed contemptuously at our despair. Laurence Oliphant… The Russian Shores… […] when I was sitting with the Mitchings at dessert, this letter arrived. Mr. Noel Stanton knew well enough when we should be comfortable and happy over our wine, and he timed the delivery of his letter accordingly. Mr. Mitching opened it, [… regarded] it through his gold-rimmed glasses, balanced them on his nose at it, scowled at it, coughed at it, and looked exceedingly surprised at it. Joseph Hatton… Christopher Kenrick [The painter] often, we are told, after he had proceeded to some length with a work, became suddenly dissatisfied with it. He scowled at it, gnashed his teeth, and slashed it into fibre. Thomas Craddock… Charles Lamb The light in the little shop was dim. The shoemaker's fat assistant scowled at it, and got up and [… searched] for a match and lighted the gas-jet on the wall. Jennette Lee… The taste of apples He scowled on them; and they scowled on him in return. William Godwin… Cloudesley […] it was particularly observed that he kissed those with affection whom he considered as his adherents, and scowled on those who had been the leaders in the late insurrections. Agnes Strickland (The Lives of the Queens of Scotland) The steamer that took our travellers from Port Royal to the coast of Florida seemed to be a thing of mystery. Its captain was a severe-looking person, who scowled on the first officer, who scowled on the second, who transmitted the scowl to the third. Francis Underwood (Man proposes) No sooner had he crossed the border of this domain when two guards seized him and [… took] him before the Grand Gal- lipoot of the Growleywogs, who scowled upon him ferociously and asked him why he dared intrude upon his territory. Lyman Frank Baum (The emerald city of Oz) […] three fantastic pirates armed with guns. […] I was not afraid. I only felt that it was not right to steal grapes. And all the more so when the owner was around—and not only around, but with his friends around also. The villains came up and searched a bundle Dr. Birch had in his hand, and scowled upon him when they found it had nothing in it but some […] rocks from Mars Hill, and these were not contraband. Mark Twain (The innocents abroad) -) Reciprocally: In various quarters they met, first scowled at each other, then growled at each other. William Howitt (Madam Dorrington) We had scowled at each other in the morning as very young men do when they are strangers; and now, after a few hours, we were intimate friends. Anthony Trollope (Tales of all countries) […] they stood scowling on each other like two cocks a-going to fight. Theodore Fay (Norman Leslie) Second definition: (the subject being such words as menace, anger, etc.) to manifest itself on the face of the scowler A menace scowled upon the brow. Washington Irving (Tales of a Traveler) Other English vocables derived from scowl: scowl (noun), scowling, scowlingly, scowly, scowling, scowler _Scroll_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: skrəʊl. Etymology: from the noun scroll. Preterite tense: scrolled (pronunciation: skrold); preterite participle: scrolled. Present participle: scrolling. Transitively: 1. To write in a scroll. Synonyms: to inscribe, record. 2. To cause (text or graphic displayed on a screen, the digital page, etc.) to move up or down, or to the left, right, etc., as if by unrolling a scroll, in order to view it. He scrolled up the page to the answer key and got the answer before he responded. Paul Quintavalle… Thought Process This organisation arranged visits to European cities (mostly in Eastern Europe) and paired you off with a girl of your choice. Their website contained details of over sixty young girls – all of them thumbnailed, many of them beautiful. […] Dyall had scrolled up and down the pages in a state of excitement, not knowing where to begin. Eventually he settled on a girl called Daria. ɛeremy Dyson… Never Trust A Rabbit Scroll up the screen to reveal the View buttons and search bar. ɒrad Miser… My iPod touch If you're viewing a long web page or editing a long document, you need to scroll down the screen to see the entire page. Michael Miller… My Google Chromebook Intransitively: 1. (Of a text or a graphic displayed on a screen) to move up or down, to the left, right, etc. He slotted the little card into the reader, then typed commands. Columns of green text scrolled up the screen. ɑndy McDermott… Empire of Gold “She’s got a chip passport. [… Inspect it with] a standard scan.” Garrick sighed and brought up his scanner display, checking the readout for the woman's implanted identification. Text scrolled up his visor as he skimmed for a name Val Roberts… The Valmont Contingency Jewel inserted the drive into the USB port at the front of the computer. Doubleclicking the drive icon, she opened it up […]. Numbers and lines scrolled up the screen and within seconds they were connected to Fitzhum's computer again. Eugene MacRae… Jewel Messages scrolled up the screen as the conversation progressed. David Silverman… Qualitative Research Chen heaved a sigh of relief as the data scrolled across the screen. Liz Williams… Snake Agent She tapped one of the icons, and the computer highlighted it. Compact lines of data scrolled beneath it. David F. Snider… Stars in the Deep 2. (Of a person) to move through a text or a graphic on a screen by scrolling. When the page loaded, she scrolled through […] pictures of bridges and mountains. ɜate Messner… Manhunt […] I scrolled through my playlists until I found one that I didn't think Kace mind. ɛennifer Snyder… The Tethered Trilogy Jessica scrolled through her E—mail, deleted the junk and replied to a few inquires. ɛoely Howard… Rewarding Pursuits The study was empty, but his old-fashioned plasma monitor was on above his keyboard—he did not dictate. I came up to it and saw a message: […] I scrolled up and found the title of a story […] George Zebrowski… Swift Thoughts He opened the attachment on the phone. It took a minute or two to download but when it came through he knew instantly it was from the jacker. [… Caffery] scrolled up to the top of the letter and read it through again. Mo Hayder… Gone 3. (Of a person) to take the form of a scroll; to curl. Other English words derived from scroll: scrollable, scrollage, scrolled, scrolling, scroll. _Scrub_ Verb. Pronunciation: skrVb. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense, preterite participle: scrubbed. Present participle: scrubbing. Transitively: 1. To rub (a floor, wood, one’s skin, etc.) with a brush (or anything rough) and water, in order to clean or brighten it; to wash with rubbing. Translation: cepillar, in Spanish; brosser, in French; spazzolare, in Italian. When the schoolmaster came back from New York, he found his wife on her knees scrubbing the front vestibule. Elizabeth Phelps… The successors of Mary the first […] certainly when he laughed, his teeth always shewed that they had been diligently scrubbed for the purpose of being displayed. Robert Semple… Charles Ellis To prepare the hands for making an examination the nails should be cut short, trimmed and smoothly polished, and scrubbed for three minutes with soap and brush and warm water. The Hot Springs Medical Journal, Volume 5 Let the potatoes be large, of equal size, and well washed and scrubbed. Margaret Dods… The Cook and Housewife's Manual [Mrs. Vyse] was one of those excellent housewives who, from her over desire to have her house so particularly clean, always had it in a mess from the very fact of being continually cleaning it. Either the stairs were wet and the carpets up — or else all the furniture was wheeled out of one room into another —or the beds were being taken to pieces —or the paint was being scrubbed down —or the windows were being c1eaned —or the floors being scoured— so that it was almost impossible to sit down in any room one wanted, or to walk up-stairs, or along the passage, without tumbling over a pailful of water. Henry Mayhew – Augustus Mayhew… The image of his father The captain of the afterguard came forward, and putting the boy’s head between his knees, scrubbed his teeth well with the sand and canvas for two or three minutes. “There, that will do,” said the first lieutenant. “Now, my little fellow, your mouth is nice and clean, and you’ll enjoy your breakfast. It was impossible for you to have eaten anything with your mouth in such a nasty state. When it’s dirty again, come to me and I’ll be your dentist.” Frederick Marryat… Peter Simple -)Reflexively: […] you can go to the baths round the corner, and scrub yourself from head to foot. Hunt Caffyn… A yellow aster […] they go to the bath, where they [… stay during] hours, scrubbing themselves with a handful of vegetable fiber called "mahalka," pouring innumerable basins of scalding water over their bodies. Marguerite Harrison… Marooned in Moscow 2. Metaphorically: to eliminate or cancel, as if by washing. Intransitively: 1. To rub something with a brush (or anything rough) and water, in order to clean or brighten it; to cleanse or brighten something by rubbing; to work as a scrubber. She scrubbed, and washed, and swept. Appletons' Journal, Volume 2 ɒetsy’s mother went out charing. ɑll the day long she scrubbed and cleaned and rubbed at other people's goods and chattels. Lucy Clifford… Anyhow stories -)Specially: to disinfect one’s hands by rubbing them with a brush, preparatory to performing a surgical operation: 2. (The subject being a horse-rider) to urge the horse to move faster, by rubbing it with one’s hands and legs. Other English words derived from scrub: scrubber, scrubbing, scrub (noun), scrubbable, scrubby. _secrete_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: sɪkriːt. Etymology: from Latin secretus (= separated, secret, hidden), participle of secernere (= to separate). Preterite tense: secreted. Preterite participle: secreted. Present participle: secreting. Transitively: 1. To put or deposit (something or someone) in such a manner as to be secret or hidden; to place in concealment; to keep in a place of hiding. Synonyms: to hide, conceal. Antonyms: to flaunt, show. Translation: cacher, in French; ocultar, in Spanish; nascondere, in Italian. Delaney had, it appeared, won a large sum of money, and was about to quit the table, when he was charged by one of the losers with having cheated him, and with having at that moment false dice, which he had secreted in his sleeve. Hannah ɛones… The Gipsy Mother It is clear that Kidd — if Kidd indeed secreted this treasure, which I doubt not — it is clear that he must have had assistance in the labor. Edgar Poe The requisite supplies being obtained, preparations were made to proceed upon the voyage, when eleven of the crew deserted, and being secreted and protected on shore, all efforts to retake them were fruitless. ɛohn Frost… The panorama of nations Suspicions were entertained that a portion of the stamped paper had been smuggled into the city, and was secreted in certain houses. William Simms… The history of South Carolina He knew, he said, that a great treasure was secreted in the fort, that Mr. Holwell was privy to it, and that he must expect no favour unless he confessed where it was hidden. Richard Davenport… Narratives of peril and suffering Upon reaching the hut I rapped, as was my custom, and getting no reply, sought for the key where I knew it was secreted, unlocked the door, and went in. Edgar Poe The first thing for which she inquired, when she reached the house in which she was to be secreted, was a looking-glass. Frank H. Stauffer… The Queer -) Reflexively: I scrambled at dusk over yonder wall, crossed the orchard, and secreted myself among the shrubbery in the old barrister's garden, in the hope that, if Kate ever walked at that witching hour, I might catch a glimpse of her as she passed. Lindon Meadows… Whittlings from the West We (the Vice-President and I) secreted ourselves under some magnolias growing close by the lane, and near where the meeting would take place. ɑllan Pinkerton… The Expressman and the Detective Now by carefully removing the earth around the plant, will be seen a small insect, which will run from one lump of dirt to another, making great exertions to secrete itself, which if allowed to do, it will work its way deep into the soil, but if not permitted to hide, will fly away. American Farmers' Magazine, vol. 10 It appeared afterwards, that the animal had been as much frightened as we had been, and had secreted herself under one of the waggons. Frederick Marryat… Peter Simple -) With the preposition FROM + noun: You will no doubt ask why did I not let you know all this, and why I so carefully secreted myself from you. Frederick Marryat… Frank Mildmay […] hearing of Treadwell's arrrival, [she] secreted herself from his pursuit. William Dunlap… Memoirs of a Water Drinker We had no desire for such a calamity, and therefore retired to another part of the hill, and managed to secrete ourselves from observation by keeping within the shadow of a friendly tree. William H. Thomes… The Gold Hunters’ adventures I could scarcely endure the sight of strangers; and the visits of my friends, who called with the intention of consoling me, soon became so irksome as to induce me to secrete myself from them. The Living Age, vol. 43 2. To appropriate (another’s thing) secretly. Not the least hint that he was delivering back to the company money of their own, which he had secreted from them. The Works of Edmund Burke The wife of one Thomas Benson, being suddenly taken ill, she, to all appearances, expired, and continued without any symptoms of life the whole day, and every proper requisite was ordered for her burial; but the husband, hoping for consolation in his distress, by some money which he had reason to believe she had secreted from him in her lifetime, began a rummage for it, and found seven pounds ten shillings in crown pieces concealed in an old box. Frank H. Stauffer… The Queer _Semanticize_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: si;mæntIsaIz. Present third person singular: she/he semanticizes. Preterite tense, preterite participle: semanticized. Present participle: semanticizing. Etymology: from the adjective semantic, with -ize suffixed. It is etymologically and semantically identical with Spanish semantizar, French sémantiser, and Italian semantizzare. Transitively: to attempt to know or make known the semantic value of (a word, a phrase, etc.); to analyse semantically; to write or to speak (something) with a meaning, in order to avoid parrotry. Synonym: to define. Antonym: to parrot. A frequently used technique to semanticize a word is the negation of an antonym: ‘dead’ means <not being alive>, a ‘dark’ room is a room <without light>. Werner Hüllen… Networks… […] these terms need to be semanticized and historicized differently […] Elizabeth A. Meese – Alice Parker The names of categories […] or headwords of entry articles are printed in roman with inverted commas. So are expressions which semanticize lexemes and words. Werner Hüllen… Networks… The Greek sēma (= sign) is comprised in this word of semantic and in the following ones: semanteme, semantical, semantician, semanticist, semanticity, semantically, semanticized, semanticizing, semaphore (verb, noun), semasiology, semasiologic, semasiological, semasiologically, semasiologist, sematic, sematography, sematographic, semaphore. _semblance_ Noun. Plural: semblances. Pronunciation and accent: s mbləns. Etymology: from French semblance, from sembler (= to seem; resemble), from Latin simulare (= to assume the appearance of, simulate). 1. Obsolete and pristine acceptation: the fact of being apparent; appearing. 2. Rare acceptations: a. The form in which someone or something appears; apparent form; look, aspect, appearance; outward aspect. b. Particularly: the form or image of someone or something, considered in regard to another that is similar: to the semblance of; to have the semblance of; in the semblance of. A little carven image of […] a weird boy who seemed to move by springs, whose hair had all the semblance of painted wood, and whose complexion was white and red like a clown's... ɛohn Symonds… New Italian sketches The fire-place was particularly neat. It had an old brass fender, polished up to the semblance of gold, delineating in its pattern divers birds and beasts… The Republic of Letters, by A. Whitelaw She had almost forgotten the dog by her side. While sitting under the chestnut she had carelessly and loosely wound the leash around his neck in the semblance of a collar, and when she arose and came away she let the dog walk by her side without undoing the leash and taking proper charge of him. William ɒlack… A princess of Thule In the principal pier was a marble bracket, sculptured in the semblance of a dragon's crest, and supporting a bust, most wonderful to behold. Herman Melville… Redburn Here, therefore, was a thing in the semblance of a boy who was no boy at all. Maurice Hewlett… Lore of Proserpine It had the semblance of a pleasant meadow. Mark Twain… The innocents abroad … how could I be deceived in seeing the original, when his semblance was so deeply engraven on my heart? The Lady's Magazine By the dim light of an accidental lamp, tall, antique, worm-eaten, wooden tenements were seen tottering to their fall, in directions so many and capricious, that scarce the semblance of a passage was discernible between them. Edgar Poe 3. Rare acceptation: a person’s appearance, considered either as the expression or as the fiction of his mood, feeling, etc. Synonyms: countenance; face. Translation: semblant, in French; semblante, in Spanish; sembianza, in Italian. … with glad semblance and merry cheer… ɑgnes Strickland… Lives of the Queens… 4. Rare acceptation: one who or that which resembles another; that which resembles an object, either material or immaterial. Synonym: likeness. […] although he did bow, and flourish his hat, and perform all the other semblances of respect… Charles Lever… The Daltons, vol. II The hall was adorned with scenes, and wooden or other semblances of men, animals, or nature… Charles Mills… The history of Chivalry… Often she had the letter beneath her pillow. It was the first she had ever received from a man who professed to love her. So long without romance in her life, she could not but entertain this semblance of it, and feel that she was still young. George Gissing… Born in Exile The alcalde was at home, or rather in his adobie den; for there is neither a home nor the semblance of it in all the Spanish world. Thomas Farnham… Life and adventures in California Strong beer, a liquor extracted with very little art from wheat or barley, and corrupted […] into a certain semblance of wine, was sufficient for the gross purposes of German debauchery. Edward Gibbon… The History… of the Roman Empire Claire would not speak. She was very frightened, as before has been recorded: she seemed to see, between the gloomy interspaces of the lamps, a phantasmal semblance of her father… Edgar Fawcett… An Ambitious Woman 5. Rare acceptation: the state, quality or fact of being similar or like in aspect or form; likeness, resemblance. The form [… imparted] to the Lighthouse reflector is [… caused] by the revolution of this curve round its axis, producing a semblance to a portion of a sphere. ɑlexander Findlay… Lighthouses… Still the picture was no portrait. It was no more than a fancy picture animated by a semblance to the beautiful girl, which semblance the painter had purposely reduced to a minimum, and studiously concealed from all possibilities of detection… ɛohn ɛeaffreson… Not dead yet A rectangular prismoid takes its name from its semblance to a prism. George Perkins… Plane Trigonometry 6. The seeming of something; quality of that which, without being real or present, seems to be there; this is, quality of what is before one of one’s senses or before one’s attention without evidence of being what it seems. Translation: semblant, in French; apariencia, in Spanish; sembianza, in Italian. She seemed on the point of interrupting their talk, and of ignoring Claire, who had leaned back with a nice semblance of entire unconcern. Edgar Fawcett… An Ambitious Woman But these tunnels—these endless, black bores that led everywhere and nowhere, without any semblance of order or plan—while they used them, the dwellers of Manhattan in 1989, Folk and Tower People alike, had no clue to their secret. ɛack ɒechdolt… The Torch The first to descend from the wagon was a man […] hale and stout, with a wellbronzed face, and every semblance of a vigorous health. Charles Lever… One of them … under the semblance of peace, they sought to subject the Araucanians to their authority. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels … she loved money so much, that she hated everything which had the semblance of poverty. Henry Fielding… The History of Tom Jones … he had been known to evince on great occasions, a charity and a courage in the service of others which removed from the seclusion of his habits the semblance of misanthropy and of avarice. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Eugene Aram He called twice upon Aram, but the student was, or affected to be, from home; and an invitation he sent him, though couched in friendly terms, was, but with great semblance of kindness, refused. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Eugene Aram In some cases, under the semblance of a single attribute, two are really predicated: one of them, a state of the mind itself; the other, a state with which other minds are affected by thinking of it. As when we say of any one that he is generous. The word generosity expresses a certain state of mind, but being a term of praise, it also expresses that this state of mind excites in us another mental state, called approbation. ɛohn Mill… A System of Logic… These proceedings, however reprehensible, had yet the semblance of legality. Thomas Macaulay… The History of England… In his entire deportment, Milosch always observed the external semblance of obedience. Leopold von Ranke… History of Servia Godwin pointed to a chair near the fire, but Warricombe, having thrown his hat on to a side table, seated himself by one of the windows. His motions proved that he found it difficult to support a semblance of courtesy. George Gissing… Born in Exile There was no semblance of a decoration on the walls. Max Brand… Trailing! -)to make semblance: to behace as if; to make as if. With the preposition of + noun or gerund; with a clause introduced by THAT, as if, as though; with an infinitive. She would not look at him, would not make semblance to have heard. Adeline Sergeant… Brooke's Daughter […] Marsan made semblance to return home, but, instead, concealed himself in the angle of the street. New York Journal of Romance, vol. 3 […] Hannibal made semblance of taking his journey towards Rome. Walter Raleigh… History… This Scottish Hodge scratched his head, and made semblance to think. A bright idea occurred to him. Fraser's Magazine, vol. 7 -)-) in semblance: in seeming, in appearance, without evidence. Thus the difficulty of ascension, in the present case, lay more in semblance than in reality. Edgar Poe There is a beautiful garden attached, with pretty fountains in the form of temples, and numerous drinking cups, looking like gold, though, I believe, they are only so in semblance. Sarah Haight… Over the ocean English words derived from Latin simulare, see SIMULATION. _sexily_ Adverb. Accent: sexily. Etymology: it is the adjective sexy, with –ly suffixed. Translation: seximente, in Spanish; sexymente, in Italian; sexyment, in French. Definition: in a sexy manner. She lay sexily across my bed with “her legs” spread wide open. Joseph Rhodes… Mirror of Memories She was cleaning sauce from around my lips and mouth, while sexily kissing me. I told her that this was the first time that I had ever eaten pizza. Joseph Rhodes… Mirror of Memories He saw her leaving ɛaren’s room as he left theirs. Her hair was sexily tossed and tangled from sleep and sex. Shiloh Walker… Touch of Gypsy Fire He comes toward me, and I find that I can't resist this sexily bodied man of about twenty. He kisses me on the neck and moves his hands down my body so softly. Nancy Friday… Forbidden Flowers Other English vocables derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of, sex: sexily, sex (noun, verb), sexcapade, sexed, sexer, sexercise, sexful, sexhood, sexifero us, sexing, sexism, sexist, sexless, sexlessly, sexlessness, sex-limited, sex-limitation, sexlinked, sex-linkage, sexology, sexological, sexologist, sexophone, sexpert, sexploitatio n, sexploit (verb), sexploitative, sexual, sexualism, sexualist, sexualist, sexualizatio n, sexualize, sexually, sexuate, sexuated, sexuparous, autosexing, bisexual, bisexuality, ambisexual, ambisexuality, desex, desexualize, desexualized, intersex, intersexed, intersexual, intersexuality, unsex, unsexed, unisexual, unsexually, antisex, unisex, unisexual, unisexually, unisexuality, ambosexual, asexual, asexuality, asexualizatio n, asexually, heterosexual, heterosexuality, heterosexist, heterosexism, homosexua l, homosexualist, homosexuality, homosexually, presexual, subsexual, hypersexua l, hypersexuality, monosexual, monosexuality, parasexual, parasexuality, transsexua l, transsexualism, transsexualist, transsexuality. _Sexiness_ Noun. Accent: sexiness. Plural: sexinesses. Definition: the quality or state of someone or something being sexy. Antonym: ugliness. Translation: cualidad de alguien o de algo que es sexy, in Spanish; qualità di qualcuno o di qualcosa che è sexy, in Italian; qualité de qualqu’un ou de quelque chose qui est sexy, in French. She reached out to brush a lock of dark hair from his forehead, entranced by the sexiness of his […] features. ɑngelle Trieste (D… Falls) Because participants can present a virtual body that supports a cyberself enactment and because these enactments contain […] standards of beauty and sexiness, it should not be surprising to observe a conspicuous absence of fat, ugly persons with pimples, small breasts, or tiny penises. Dennis D. Waskul (Net.seXXX) […] sexiness in a woman is something showcased by your body language: it’s walking with grace, swinging your hips, touching and playing with your hair –all those elements make a woman sexy. Stella Ellis (Size Sexy) It’s great to have confidence in your sexiness and believe in yourself. You should be proud of who you are and what you look like. Sexiness cannot exist without self-confidence. Hank C. K. – Meimei Fox (Sexual Fitness) [While ordinary language has by now gained] the technical ability to say precisely how tall John is (e.g., '76.8 inches'), it is quite incapable of putting into words (much less of ascertaining) what the different sexinesses are in virtue of which Jane is more so [sexy] than her sister. William W. Rozeboom (Scaling Theory and the Nature of Measurement) The sexiness of sucking is its simplicity. Peter Tatchell – Robert Taylor (Safer Sexy) Increase the sexiness and excitement of being together by doing something you don’t normally do. Helena Frith Powell (Be Incredibly Sexy) Sexily, sex (noun, verb), sexcapade, sexed, sexer, sexercise, sexful, sexhood, sexifero us, sexing, sexism, sexist, sexless, sexlessly, sexlessness, sex-limited, sex-limitation, sexlinked, sex-linkage, sexology, sexological, sexologist, sexophone, sexpert, sexploitatio n, sexploit (verb), sexploitative, sexual, sexualism, sexualist, sexualist, sexualizatio n, sexualize, sexually, sexuate, sexuated, sexuparous, autosexing, bisexual, bisexuality, ambisexual, ambisexuality, desex, desexualize, desexualized, intersex, intersexed, intersexual, intersexuality, unsex, unsexed, unisexual, unsexually, antisex, unisex, unisexual, unisexually, unisexuality, ambosexual, asexual, asexuality, asexualizatio n, asexually, heterosexual, heterosexuality, heterosexist, heterosexism, homosexua l, homosexualist, homosexuality, homosexually, presexual, subsexual, hypersexua l, hypersexuality, monosexual, monosexuality, parasexual, parasexuality, transsexua l, transsexualism, transsexualist, transsexuality Shabby Adjective Pronunciation and accent: SæbI Etymology: analysable into shab (obsolete word significative of scab, a cutaneous disease in sheep) and -y (suffix that implies “having the quality of”). Walter Skeat stated: [shabby is] a doublet of scabby. Comparative form: shabbier Superlative form: shabbiest First definition: a. (Of something artificial; more usually of clothes, house, etc.) ugly, or visually unpleasant, because of the accidental change of its surface (as loss of newness, fadeness, dinginess, etc.) resulting from its use, exposure, etc.; affected by shabbiness. b. (Of the manner of clothing) ugly, or visually unpleasant, because of the accidental change of its surface (as loss of newness, fadeness, dinginess, etc.) resulting from its use, exposure, etc. Antonyms: new, fresh, splendid, beautiful, showy, resplendent Synonyms: dingy, faded, threadbare, out-worn, slovenly Translation:deslucido, or destartalado, in Spanish; usé, in French; logoro, in Italian. She was beautifully dressed, […] -while I, with my shabby black silk, torn and darned in fifty places […] Hannah Jones (The Gipsy mother) I am sorry to say we jeered him both about his shabby clothes and his hungry looks. William Ainsworth (Mervyn Clitheroe) […] whatever was much worn or looked shabby to be replaced. Catherine Crowe (Susan Hopley) She was at this time nineteen years old, and there were those who said, that in spite of her poverty, her shabby outward apparel, and a certain thin, [...] unrounded form of person, a want of fulness in the lines of her figure, she was the prettiest girl in that part of the world. Anthony Trollope (The Last Chronicle of Barset) He seemed absolutely unconscious that he and his rattly buggy and the harness on the horse were all very shabby, and that the horse was fat and pudgy and scrawny of mane; and for that she admired him. B. M Bower (Starr, of the Desert) [...] she meditates upon her father’s hat; and the more she looks at it, the shabbier she thinks it. Anne Marsh-Caldwell (Castle Avon) It was very cold; therefore [... Julia] was forced to wear her faded purple pelisse, and now it looked shabbier than usual; and still shabbier from the contrast of a very smart new black velvet bonnet. Amelia Alderson Opie (Simple tales) 'Poor young lady! her clothes look shabby to what they did when she came to Helstone a year ago. Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (North and South) Oh ! don't look at my boots, they are so shabby now. Walter (My secrete life) A narrow shabby street. Catherine Crowe (Susan Hopley) […] having arrived at what appeared to me a shabby part of the town, my friend stopped at a house that looked rather better than the others, and rang the bell. Catherine Crowe (Susan Hopley) Carriages and other conveyances were arriving every minute from London and elsewhere; and when among the rest a shabby stage-coach came in by a by-route along the coast from Havenpool, and drew up at a second-rate tavern, it attracted comparatively little notice. Thomas Hardy (A changed man and other tales) The bed had been a good one, the old gentleman and lady had slept on it for years; it was large and handsome, but being shabby and worn out [...]. Walter (My secrete life) "They don't seem to care how they look and ... they do wear shabby gloves and shoes." Charles B. De Camp (The Bitter Cup) The children were clean, it is true, but their clothes were threadbare and shabby. Charles Dickens (Sketches by Boz) "Any good saddles, Fielding? mine looks rather shabby." Frederick Marryat (Monsieur Violet) The fact that a volume could be so repaired, stimulated the purchase of shabby books; and part of what was saved on the price of a good copy was laid out on the amendment of the poor one. George MacDonald (There & Back) [...] his train of thought was interrupted by the vision of a barefooted, ragged little girl hurrying down the street. In spite of her shabby, mean attire, you could hardly help noticing how pretty she was, with her rough curly hair falling over her shoulders [...]. Doris Hayman (The Children's Longfellow) He was attired in a dark blue frock coat, which was neither shabby nor new, but ill made, and much too large and long for its present possessor. Edward Bulwer-Lytton (Pelham) The woman pursued her work silently, and I presently became aware of a little child, as silent as herself, sitting beyond her, in a small wicker chair; on the baby's table which fastened her into it were some remnants of shabby, broken toys, among which her tiny, wax-like fingers played with listless unconsciousness. Frances Ann Kemble (Records of a Girlhood) On the door of one of the shabbiest houses in Jermyn Street the name of Mr. Stapylton Toad for a long time figured, magnificently engraved on a broad brass plate. Benjamin Disraeli (Vivian Grey) Yet in spite of this dress, however unbecoming, shabby, obsolete, a second glance could scarcely fail to note the wearer as a man wonderfully well-shaped,—tall, slender in the waist, long of limb, but with a girth of chest that showed immense power; one of those rare figures that a female eye would admire for grace, a recruiting sergeant for athletic strength. Edward Bulwer-Lytton (What Will He Do With It) When the top of your car is neglected it becomes shabby […] Popular Science, Abr. 1920 He was attired in a plain, and even somewhat shabby manner: there was not a particle of jewellery about him George William MacArthur Reynolds (The mysteries of London) -) It is found in combination with looking: Under a huge archway of a shabby looking big house they turned, I found them waiting, they spoke and made signs, but I didn't understand. Walter (My secret life) She found Lady ɛane Granville in a small lodging […], -the room dark –a smell of smoke –the tea-equipage prepared –Lady Jane lying on a shabby-looking sofa. Maria Edgeworth (Tales and novels) Second definition: (of a person) dressed with shabby clothes; shabbily dressed Translation:andrajoso, or zarrapastroso, in Spanish; malvestito, in Italian; vêtu d’un vêtement usé, in French Antonyms: overdressed, elegant, foppish, well-dressed Synonyms: dowdy, ill-dressed, dapper One good thing was, I had plenty of clothes, and so could go a long time without becoming too shabby for business. I repaired them myself. I brushed my own boots. Occasionally I washed my own collars. George MacDonald (Adela Cathcart) The greatest peril to a shabby man is the self-imposed obligation to show he is better than he looks. Charles James Lever (One of Them) […] now it worries ɒrother Gerrish to see ɒrother Peck going round in the same old suit of clothes he came here in, and dressing his child like a shabby little Irish girl. William Dean Howells (Annie Kilburn) I am a solitary man, and seldom walk with anybody. Not that I am avoided because I am shabby; for I am not at all shabby, having always a very good suit of black on [...]; but I have got into a habit of speaking low, and being rather silent, [...], and I am sensible that I am not an attractive companion. Charles Dickens (The poor relation’s story) The woman was some years older than her companion, and still more forlornly shabby. Her garments seemed literally composed of particles of dust glued together. Edward Bulwer-Lytton (What Will He Do With It) The streets are thronged with a vast concourse of people, gay and shabby, rich and poor, idle and industrious Charles Dickens (Sketches by Boz) We are shabby, because we have worn out all our flimsy wardrobes, and have of late resorted to domestic tailorization. Elisha Kent Kane (Adrift in the Artic ice pack) -) It is found in combination with looking: A shabby looking grad student in chinos and a fleece vest opens the door and ushers her in. Jack Dunn (Hard) By extension: a. (Of anything artificial perceived otherwise than by the sight, or that is incorporeal) unsplendid or not splendid, as if it were a faded piece of cloth; as, a shabby letter. b. (Of a person, a personal action, etc.) dishonourable, contemptible A shabby excuse. William Makepeace Thackeray (The Bedford-Row Conspiracy) "You have been mean and shabby." Charles Dickens (Bleak House) […] it would be horridly shabby of you to desert us now. Frank E. Smedley (Frank Fairlegh) Osborn knew he was being persuaded to do a shabby thing and hesitated. Money, however, was needed and must be got. Harold Bindloss (The Buccaneer Farmer) Tell your father I think he's shabby because he left me out. Harold Bindloss (The Buccaneer Farmer) c. (Of a person) ungenerous, niggard d. (Of a gift) niggardly or ungenerously given Other English words derived from shabby: shabby (verb), shabbyish, shabbiness, shabbily, shabbify _shy_ Adjective. Pronunciation: SaI. Etymology: from Middle English schey. Comparative form: shier, or shyer. Superlative form: shiest, or shyest. 1. (Of certain animals, like birds, etc.) difficult of approach by a human or another animal; easily frightened away Antonyms: familiar, domesticated, tamed. The shyest birds may be caught napping. Samuel Richardson… Clarissa Those [birds] that congregate in large flocks are always remarkably shy, suffer persons to approach with difficulty, and have a sentinel or watch on the look out, to warn them of danger. Alexander Wilson… American Ornithology […] now these shy and wary birds, that commonly avoid the haunts of man, constrained by hunger, will approach our dweIlings, to feed upon the ripe berries of the ivy. John Knapp… The journal of a naturalist The zebra […] is chiefly a native of the Cape of Good Hope. […] In those boundless forests it has nothing to restrain its liberty; it is too shy to be caught in traps, and therefore seldom taken alive. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the Earth… [The gazelles] bound with such swiftness, and are so very shy, that dogs or men vainly attempt to pursue them. Oliver Goldsmith… A history of the Earth… 2. (Of a person) fearing another person, from timidity or caution. Translation: tímido, in Spanish; timido, in Italian; timide, in French. Antonyms: forward, immodest, pert, bold, assured, confident, obtrusive. Synonyms: reserved, modest, shy, timid. Specifically: a. Easily frightened by a certain human presence; who fears to meet another person, as not being in confidence with him/her, or as being mistrusted. Hence, timidly cautioning himself from becoming acquainted with another person, as if frightened. During our stay, we had at various times, visits from the natives. They were all at first very shy, but after they found our friendly disposition towards them, they became more sociable and confiding. Charles Wilkes… Narrative of the United States exploring I became shy and unsociable, and when I heard the shouts of the Ovsyanikov children I had no desire to go to them. Maxim Gorky… My childhood The lad appeared so shy as even to shrink from this slight approach to familiarity. Walter Scott… The Fortunes of Nigel -)With the preposition of, followed by a noun or a pronoun: After the accounts I had read and heard of this country, I expected to meet with a people shy of strangers and difficult of access. David Garrick… The private correspondence The natives at first were shy of us. James Knowles… Memoir of Roger Williams We presently after discovered four horsemen, from the body of the caravan, approaching toward us, which we soon perceived to be a reconnoitring party; upon this our sheik sent four horsemen to speak to them, which they did, neither party being shy of each other. ɑbraham Parsons… Observations and Reflections […] when he found, in spite of the hunch on his back —that hunch which had always made him so shy of women, lest they should laugh at his deformity— that she took pleasure in his society, that she listened with interest to the glowing tales […] he seemed to acquire a new life. Charles Mackay… Longbeard -)-)To look shy on or at: to regard shyly. Hence, to regard or look with distrust. […] she looked very shy at me; but it suited my convenience to coax her into good-humour, for I had just then no one else with whom I liked to be better. ɑlicia Moore… The sisters […] a large spaniel which will look shy at the most dainty meal, and after smelling, will retire from it. Thomas Thacker… The courser’s companion Every one began to look shy on Jenny. Chamber’s miscellany…, vol. 8 Ned Archer came this morning and wanted to ride with them, but Matilda looked shy on him, and said she had promised to walk to Hereford to call at the deanery, so Ned Archer was huffed, and rode off. Floyd Tayleure… Professions b. Hesitating to do something, or to behave in a certain manner, before someone, from a fear of shame. Particularly, hesitating to talk to another person; reserved. Both brothers seemed so astounded to see me that I felt shyer than usual. Charles Dickens… George Silverman's Explanation For I was the shyest of children. Thomas de Quincey… Autobiographic Sketches For the first time in her life Jeannetta felt awkward and shy, and blushed and hesitated, and was at a loss for words. Harriet Gordon… Courtship and wedlock Ben sits on the sofa, shy as always, and it is Helen who moves in, kneels in front of him, unzips his fly and takes his penis in her hand, puts it into her mouth. Nancy Friday… My secret garden [Alice] was very shy, and believed herself to be very stupid and awkward. Charles Dickens… A house to let […] they only rallied me for having been shy and mute before the great Lincolnshire baronet. Charles Dickens… Bleak house […] she says, half bold and half shy, and half a laughing and half a crying, ‘Yes, uncle! If you please.’ Charles Dickens (David Copperfield) He was a shy and silent young gent, not like this one, which was the merriest, wildest young fellow Kate Sweetser (Boys and girls from Thackeray) -) With the preposition about, followed by a gerund, designative of what the shy person hesitates over: If you’re shy about purchasing condoms, there are several mail-order catalogs available. Lou Paget [Nelly] was never shy about flat fucking after that night, and talked about it […] Walter (My secret life) […] women can have sexual needs […] as powerful as men’s, even if they are shy about insisting on them. Rachel Swift (How to have an orgasm…) We had a maid named Vashti, and she was quite shy about mentioning it at her first interview with my wife. Arthur H. Savory (Grain and Chaff…) […] if his method of rubbing your clitoris is painful, don’t be shy about telling him. Rachel Swift (How to have an orgasm…) -) With the preposition of, followed by a gerund, designative of what the shy person hesitates over: I must confess, I am shy of letting people see me at this exercise, because of my flannel waistcoat, and my spectacles, which I am forced to fix on, the better to observe the posture of the enemy. Tatler & Guardian Entering our village each evening, he announced his arrival by three blasts on his tin horn; he was very shy of being observed in this performance, and the people had to catch him as he passed and hand him their letters. Arthur H. Savory (Grain and Chaff…) -) With the preposition in, followed by a gerund, designative of what the shy person hesitates over: I found him by no means the reserved character he had been represented: he is only shy in making and beginning an acquaintance, not backward in supporting it. Frances Burney (Diary and letters) It may be remarked that Spanish robbers are very shy in attacking armed English travellers, and particularly if they appear on their guard. Richard Ford (Gatherings from Spain) The duchess, with Anna, Lena, and Wilfrid, drove to the Ultenthal. Vittoria and Merthyr had a long afternoon of companionship. She had been shyer in meeting him than in meeting Wilfrid, whom she had once loved. George Meredith (Vittoria) c. (Predicated of a personal action, posture, etc.) manifestative, or suggestive, of shyness The new and fair lady of Castlewood found the sad, lonely little occupant of this gallery busy over his great book, which he laid down when he was aware that a stranger was at hand. And, knowing who that person must be, the lad stood up and bowed before her, performing a shy obeisance to the mistress of his house. Kate Sweetser (Boys and girls from Thackeray) -) By extension from the preceding acceptations (without implication of timidity): First definition: that fears to do something; hesitating doing something (even if this hesitation is not caused by any fear) Synonyms: unwilling, reluctant, fearful Particular syntax: with the prepositions of, about, at, in, followed by a gerund, designative of what the fearful person hesitates over: […] they were very shy of trusting any of them to go into their fort. William Dampier (A Continuation of a Voyage to New Holland) So shy indeed are we English of letting a stranger into our houses, that one would imagine we regarded all such as thieves. Henry Fielding (Amelia) If a puppy is shy at being taken up after a course, and you have a dead hare in your hand, throw it down to the puppy, and while it is mouthing the hare, you may secure it. Thomas Thacker (The courser’s companion) Second definition: that fears to consider a theme; cautioning himself/herself against a subject; unwilling to become familiar with something […] Zaidee was quite as shy of the subject as Mary was. Margaret Oliphant (Zaidee) “ɑnd you fantasized about me?” […] “Yeah,” he admitted sheepishly, suddenly shy of the subject. Sunny – Jami Alden – Valerie (Skin on skin) Five years since, he would have been shy —very shy of the word “ɑmerican.” He would have been likely to avoid any sort of ware, with such a mark. Museum of Foreign Literature and Science, vol. 8 People were very shy of American beef when first imported but, being lower in price than English it was bought by those who were willing to sacrifice quality to cheapness. Arthur H. Savory (Grain and Chaff…) Other English words derived from shy: shy (noun, verb), shying, shyer, shyish, shyly, shyness, unshy, unshyly _skip_ Verb. Etymology: from Middle English skippen. Preterite tense: skipped (skipt); preterite participle: skipped. Present participle: skipping. Intransitively: 1. To make a skip; to raise oneself from the ground or other surface, with a slight bound; to spring lightly by the muscular action of the feet and legs. Synonyms: to spring; leap, gambol, frisk; jump, spring, vault, bound. Translation: sauter, in French; brincar, in Spanish; saltare, in Italian. This child […] skipped with joy about the stately ship. The Eclectic Review, vol. 5 “Then you are quite happy for me to go, darling mamma?” inquired Laura, skipping up to her mamma, as soon as the visitors had departed. The Ladies' Companion Dora was then drawing near to old Beardy, when a girl, dressed in a gaudy excess of the mode of the day, skipped up to the stall, humming a gay tune, and pertly asked the bookmerchant if he had for sale "The Nightingale of Love," a song book of a questionable character, known to a limited number of the admirers of rhyme and melody of that time. ɛohn ɒanim… The Denounced -)With the preposition from + a noun, by which the surface is designated: […] as she skipped from the carriage-step. Charlotte ɒronte… Jane Eyre As the coach drew up at the well-known cottage, Mr. Chuck skipped nimbly from the roof and ran up to the door while Tom was puzzling after his purse, so that by the time he reached the three little steps, Horace had vanished into the house. Charles Manby… Tom Racquet and his three maiden aunts 2. To move with bounds in a certain direction; to locomote by a skip or skips. Synonyms: to spring or leap lightly. My heart beat quick, my eyes strained in my head, lest any one of the inmates of the carriage should escape my vigilance. The hall doors were thrown open in an instant, and the gentleman out of livery, with two of his colleagues, flew out to assist the ladies to alight. First of all, a gentleman […]. Next came a lady, who skipped out very lightly, and who seemed rather in a hurry to see the new abode. The Republic of Letters, by A. Whitelaw, vol. IV Acquitted of her errand, she skipped back on her way. George Head… A Home Tour… “That's the way to the dairy, Mr. Leeson,” said Charley, tossing a drain of skimmilk about two feet in advance of the rector's patent boots.” Mr. Leeson skipped aside to escape it. William Wills… Old Times You have seen lively little squirrels in the woods, in the autumn, skipping among the boughs of the trees. Francis Woodworth… American miscellany… -)With the adverb up or down: […] instantly he skipped up the steps to a door, to read the name; for this took place in a large city where people have their names. ɛacob ɑbbott… The Mount Vernon Reader She skipped up the stairs to the primo piano, and he had nothing for it but to run up after her. Once a Week, vol. 9 “Come along,” said he; and away he skipped down the side of a rather precipitous descent. The Canterbury Magazine, vol. I Having completed his toilette, he skipped down the stairs, entered the room with a bounce. The Eclectic Review, vol. IV -)-)With the preposition from: Yet with this load on her shoulders she skipped from rock to rock like a young roe. ɛohn ɒarrow… A description of Pitcairn's island I was strolling through a wood "high up the country," […] when I heard a curious noise in a tree almost immediately above me. I looked up, and found that the sounds proceeded from a white monkey, who skipped from branch to branch, Bentley's Miscellany, vol. IX -)-)With the preposition into: So, without arguing the matter further with Thomas o' Becket, or any one else, — I skipped into the boat, and in five minutes we got under sail, and scudded away like the wind Oliver Goldsmith… Letters from a citizen 3. Metaphorically: to make an omission in doing anything, specially in reading; to proceed in an intellectual action from one subject, line, word, etc., to another with omission of what intervenes; to read in a desultory manner. He was somewhat shortsighted, in turning over the leaves, he skipped from page four to ten, and continued to read quickly on for several minutes, and continued to read quickly on for several minutes. Lindon Meadows… Whittlings from the West Readers impatient with this agenda, and those who want to cut to the chase to find out why they should bother to read the stories at all, can always skip to the conclusion of each chapter. Wendy Doniger… The Bedtrick -)With preposition over + noun, to reinforce the idea of omission: A letter arrived […]. The post mark denoting from whence it came, the name of "Milner Lodge" written on the top, were all sources of pleasure--and she read slowly every line it contained, to procrastinate the pleasing expectation she enjoyed, till she should arrive at the name of Dorriforth. At last, her impatient eye caught the word, three lines beyond the place she was reading--irresistibly, she skipped over those lines, and fixed on the point to which she was attracted. Mrs. Inchbald… A Simple History Transitively: 1. To make omission of (a word, subject, line, etc.), in reading or in treating a theme. Synonym: to omit. In the carriage, where Old Moses could not hear them, the mother anxiously awaited the story. "Begin at the beginning and don't skip a word." Lilian ɒell… Carolina Lee "You have forgotten to tell him about his old sweetheart, Mrs. Agnew." "Oh! let me skip that," said Lucille impatiently, "I am nearly exhausted, and I cannot stand the atmosphere of that room much longer." ɑllan Pinkerton… The Somnambulist and the Detective I might fill pages with quotations to the purpose from the classic authors, but the reader would skip them all. Sabine Baring-Gould… Castles and Cave Dwellings of Europe 2. To make omission of (a thing) in doing anything; to proceed without taking or affecting; to omit to take part in or to do. Synonym: to forgo, to abstain from. You skipped all the polities! Graham's Magazine, vol. 22, 23 3. To leap lightly over (something); --rarely found. Synonym: to jump. […] some [of the girls] skipped the rope, some ran after each other. The Ladies' Cabinet of Fashion 4. To stay away from (school, town, etc.) illicitly or secretly; to absent oneself from; -slang. 5. To cause to skip, bound, or jump; --rarely found. English words derived from skip: skipper, skippable, skipable, skipping, skippingly, skippy, skip-read (= to read while skipping pages, lines, etc.) _slain_ Participial adjective. Pronunciation: sleɪn. Etymology: preterite participle from SLAY. 1. That has been slain or killed. The skinning and cutting up of the slain animals is usually the task of the women. The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft 2. The slain: the persons or animals that were killed. A few of the fugitives endeavoured to bear away the bodies of their fallen warriors, but the hot pursuit quickly compelled them to abandon the slain, in order to preserve the living. ɛames Cooper… The Prairie Marshal Herbertstein was numbered with the slain. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London _slay_ Verb. Pronunciation: sleɪ. Preterite tense: slew (sluː). Preterite participle : slain (sleɪn). Present participle: slaying. Etymology: Middle English Slan. Transitively: Obsolete and pristine value: 1. To smite; to knock. 2. To smite so as to kill; to cause the death of, by means of a weapon. Synonyms: to kill; murder; slaughter; butcher. Translation: tuer, in French; matar, in Spanish; uccidere, in Italian. Seated on the back of an elephant I have slain a tiger. Elizabeth Smith… The three eras… No terms were granted to their Irish allies of whom 500 are said to have been slain. William Hunt… The Political History of England They were officers slain in battle during the last Mexican campaign. Francis Parkman… Vassall Morton The last king of the Cumbrian Britons, called Dunmail, was slain in battle near Ambleside, on the lake of Winandermere, Walter Scott… Essay on Border Antiquities He afterwards crossed the sea to Tunis, then occupied by a horde of pirates, the scourge of the Mediterranean. He beat them in a bloody battle, slew their chief, and liberated ten thousand captives from their dungeons. William Prescott… Philip the Second On this he slew 8000 Birmans that guarded the palace, and seizing the royal treasure, he got possession of all the strong-holds in a short time, and the whole kingdom submitted to his authority. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels Intransitively: To commit slaughter or slaying. English words derived from the verb SLAY: slayer, slaying, slayable. _slight_ Verb. Pronunciation: slaɪt. Etymology: from the adjective SLIGHT. Third-person singular simple present: she/he slights. Preterite tense, preterite participle: slighted. Present participle: slighting. Transitively: 1. To make (a surface) smooth or sleek; hence, to raze (a building, etc.); to level with the ground; --these acceptations are obsolete or rare. The adjective slight was formerly used for smooth, sleek, and this is why this verb was originally meant for to smooth. Unlike most earlier major rulers, Sargon was not content with mere paramountc y; he wanted real rulership over the whole land. To this end he slighted the walls of other cities to make any future resistance ineffective. H. Saggs… Babylonians ɑ vote […] in the house of commons to slight this castle. Francis Grose… The antiquities of England and Wales […] it was standard practice to slight the defenses once the site was left. Edward Luttwak… The grand strategy of the Roman Empire 2. a. To treat (something ) as slight or of little worth b. To treat slightingly (an animated being); to think of as of little worth; to make light of. Postdefinition: the adjective slight was formerly used for of little worth, when it was the predicate of a person, and this is why this verb is synonymous with to despise (an animated being). The adjective slight is still used for of little worth, when it is the predicate of a thing. Synonym: to undervalue, under-estimate, despise, disregard, disdain, ignore, scorn. Antonyms: to overvalue, admire, esteem, venerate, overestimate. Translation: mésestimer, in French; subestimar, in Spanish; sottostimare, or disistimare, in Italian. In plundering the houses, gold, silver, and jewels were alone attended to by the soldiery, other things though of value being slighted as cumbrous. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels We hear much of drudgery, but any sort of work that is slighted becomes drudgery; poetry, fiction, painting, sculpture, acting, architecture, if you do not do your best by them, turn to drudgery sore as digging ditches, hewing wood, or drawing water. William Howells… Literature and Life Their groans would be succeeded by gladness, and they would thank the legislators who had slighted their remonstrances. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 435 […] it began to be thoroughly well known, all over the world, that England was governed by a man in earnest, who would not allow the English name to be insulted or slighted anywhere. Charles Dickens… A child’s history I wish I could close his history by saying that he lived a harmless life in the Castle and the Castle gardens at Kenilworth, many years—that he had a favourite, and plenty to eat and drink—and, having that, wanted nothing. But he was shamefully humiliated. He was outraged, and slighted, and had dirty water from ditches given him to shave with, and wept and said he would have clean warm water, and was altogether very miserable. Charles Dickens… A child’s history He had studied astronomy among other things in school, but then it had been merely a hated task to be shirked and slighted and forgotten as one's palate forgets the taste of bitter medicine. ɒ. ɒower… The Lookout Man You complained that she slighted your request to shun all acquaintance with Mr. Margrave. I was surprised that, whether your wish were reasonable or not, she could have hesitated to comply with it. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… A Strange Story […] she slighted his counsel. Hester Piozzi… Portrait of Mrs. Piozzi The general, in return, sent the governor a present, consisting of red hats, short gowns, coral, brass basons, hawks bells and many other things, which he slighted as of no value, and asked why the general had not sent him scarlet, which he chiefly desired. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels Many relations of travellers have been slighted as fabulous, till more frequent voyages have confirmed their veracity. Samuel Johnson… The Adventurer And Idler […] that which was slighted assumed the importance which belonged to it. ɛoseph ɑdshead… A circumstantial narrative of the wreck… [Marie] slighted my accomplishments, undervalued my wealth, and preferred to me a poor neighbour, who had nothing to recommend him. William Pickering… The bijou […] as the narrative of his journey is still an excellent guide-book for modern travellers, his example is not to be slighted. Richard Ford… Gatherings from Spain I doubted not but that he was an admirer of and suitor to the fair Ellen. Yet she slighted him; he was entirely indifferent to her: otherwise why did she often leave the drawing-room during his very long morning visits […]? The republic of letters… A. Whitelaw “ɑy,” she cried; “I will make no secret of my shame. I was foolish enough to listen to him, and to believe that he loved me. But I soon found out that I had been deceived, and bitterly repented my error. When the charms he feigned to perceive in me no longer pleased him, he slighted me, and at last, abandoned me altogether. William ɑinsworth… Mervyn Clitheroe -)Rarely, with the adverb over, to reinforce the connotation of worthlessness, as if one were higher than something in position: […] I lodge a complaint before you as a magistrate, and you will find it serious to slight it over. Walter Scott… Redgauntlet Read the petition once more, my friends, and you will find that nearly the whole of the important matters which it contained were entirely slighted over by Mr. Hobhouse. Henry Hunt… To the Radical reformers… Other English words derived from the adjective slight: slight (adv.), slighted, slighten, slightening, slighter, slighting, slightingness, slightingly, slightish, slightly, slightness. _slurp_ Verb. Pronunciation: sl3;p. Etymology: from Dutch slurpen (= to lap, sip, slurp). Preterite tense, preterite participle: slurped. Present participle: slurping. Third-person singular simple present: slurps. Transitively: 1. To drink or eat noisily, as a greedy human or another animal does; to ingest with a noise of the natural parts employed in the act (lips, tongue, etc.) Translation: comer o beber ruidosamente, in Spanish; mangiare o bere con rumore, sbafare, in Italian; manger ou boire avec bruit, in French. “What do you think of the current weather?” they asked her. ɑnd she smiled back shyly and slurped her soup. “I think the heat is too much for the roses. That’s why they curl up and wither before fully opening. And the wind is unusually dry for such early spring.” Dave Hutchinson… Strange Pleasure Grandma slurped her soup. “What kind of soup is this?” “Tuna,” I answered. Deb ɒaker… Murder Grins and Bears It He takes a drink, slurping air at the bottom of his cup. ɛack R. Dunn… Hard -)With the adverb down, in a redundant manner: […] she picked a few choice pieces of meat out of the stew and slurped her water down. Jennifer Campbell… Drusilla’s Ambition 2. To suck (someone’s body part) noisily, in the manner of one who is slurping food or drink. He moaned and slurped my pussy until I came in his mouth. Cairo… The Kat Trap 3. (Abusive employment) to apply (one’s tongue) noisily. The ɑmazon allowed the hand on her shoulder but didn’t take her mouth from Zoot’s cock. She held it tightly and slurped her tongue around the tip. Chaz Thompson… Zoot Intransitively: 1. To eat or drink with a slurping; to make a sucking sound in drinking or eating. Dolf left her a note with a bowl of pudding. […] The pudding is butterscotch, Lamia's favorite, but she feeds it to Bitch. He slurps and snuffles, and manages to get more of it on his whiskers than in his mouth. ɛack R. Dunn… Hard No one ever told her that slurping was impolite. Indeed, many of the aunts and cousins and grandfathers slurped too, loudly and tastily, as they ate their soup. Dave Hutchinson… Strange Pleasure 2. To suck erotically with a slurping. I start out playing with my nipples, in front of the mirror. My hands become some girl's hand, pinching, tweaking, kneading, cupping. Soon it is two girls, one for each breast. My breasts are really big now, so I can actually get a nipple in my mouth and suck, imagining the girls are the ones sucking me. A third girl comes in from behind, she grabs my ass, massaging around and around. She kisses my butt and puts her tongue to my anus, slurping. Nancy Friday (Forbidden Flowers) Words derived from slurp: slurping, slurper, slurp (noun.) _slut_ Noun. Plural: sluts. Pronunciation: slVt. Etymology: of uncertain origin. 1. A woman who is usually careless of being clean, with her clothes and her skin dirty, and her hair undressed; this is, an untidy woman; a female person who neglects habitua lly to clean herself. Antonyms: dandy, fop, exquisite. Synonyms: slattern, sloven. Translation: mujer que está habitualmente sucia, in Spanish; femme qui est habituellement sale, in French; sozzona, in Italian. […] every one would strive to produce butter of the best quality. The worst sort may be marked as grease and put at a price accordingly; by which means the dirty slut, who packs bad and rancid butter, would find her tricks frustrated; and the honest, cleanly dairy woman would be rewarded for her care and neatness. Charles Hassall… Agriculture of the county… […] after the Committee was sat, I was called in; and the first thing was upon the complaint of a dirty slut that was there, about a ticket which she had lost, and had applied herself to me for another. Memoirs of Samuel Pepys, vol. 3 Personal cleanliness is so well approved, that a sloven or a slut would want employment, hardly any master or mistress would harbour them. Henry Southern… The Retrospective review, vol. 12 Wash your face! Yes, you dirty slut, it wants washing. The living age, vol. 48 Women are all day a dressing, to pleasure other men abroad, and go like sluts at home, not caring to please their own husbands whom they should. Robert Burton… The Anatomy of Melancholy […] it was past twelve in the day before I could get that slut Mary even to clear away the breakfast things out of the parlour —and I had the greatest difficulty in the world to make her go and clean herself, for she was just the same as when she got up in the morning, not fit to be seen. Henry Mayhew… The greatest plague of life 2. A person hired, or constrained, to drudge; particularly, a kitchen-maid. Postdefinition: it is of very rare use. 3. a. A woman despised for her habits, as if she were dirty. b. Particularly, a woman despised for being a prostitute. Synonyms: hussy, strumpet. I decided from her laughing and general manner that she was a slut if not a regular strumpet. Walter… My secret life […] what she withheld from the infant, she bestowed with the utmost profuseness on the poor unknown mother, whom she called an impudent slut, a wanton hussy, an audacious harlot, […], a vile strumpet […]. Henry Fielding… The History of Tom Jones 4. (By analogy with the preceding uses) a female dog; bitch. The dogs came out at the well-known tones, and the slut jumped upon his person, whining and barking as if entreating Oliver to release her from prison. ɛ. Cooper… The pioneers English words derived from slut: slut (verb), sluttery, sluttish, sluttishly, sluttishness. _smart_ Noun. Pronunciation: sm ːt. Plural: smarts. Etymology: from Middle English smierte. 1. Smart pain, as from a blow, a sting, etc. Translation: douleur, in French; dolor, in Spanish; dolore, in Italian. Antonyms: pleasure, joy, delight, gladness, gratification, enjoyment, delectation. -)With the preposition of, followed by its object (a noun), by which the cause of the pain is designated: It was after these things, and while I was crying out, more in anger than with the smart of the blow, that she called me into her closet and soothed me, giving me to eat of that much-prized sweetmeat she said was once such a favourite solace with Queen Mary of Modena, consort of the late King James, and which she only produced on rare occasions. George Sala… The Strange Adventures of Captain Dangerous The Tartars, therefore, were compelled to alight from their horses, which they fastened to the trees, and came boldly forewards on foot against the elephants, among whom they discharged immense quantities of arrows; so that the elephants, unable to endure the smart of their wounds, became unmanageable, and fled to the nearest wood, where they broke their castles, and overturned the armed men, with which they were filled. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels, vol. I 2. Mental distress or suffering. Synonyms: grief, sorrow, affliction. -)With the preposition of, followed by its object (a noun), by which the cause of the suffering is designated: […] she had never felt the smart of what people called love. William Prescott… History of the Reign of Philip the Second […] only the smart of the wind in our eyes hindered us. Thomas Lawrence… Seven Pillars of Wisdom The words are of the same origin as smart (noun): smart (verb, adj., adv.), smarting, smarten, smarting, smartingly, smartish, smartism, smartless, smartly, smart-money, smartness, smarty. _smuggle_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: smʌg(ə)l. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Preterite tense: smuggling. Preterite participle: smuggling. Present participle: smuggling. Transitively: 1. To import or export clandestinely, or without paying the duty imposed by law; to bring into, or take out of, a country (anything that is forbidden by law); to emigrate or immigrate (one or more persons) contrary to a law. Translation: faire la contrebande de (une marchandise), in French; importer o exporter de contrabando, in Spanish; contrabbandare, in Italian. It was plain that Elizabeth had been stopped by the Coast Guard, and conveyed by them to the house of the dame appointed to search all women who were suspected of having smuggled goods concealed about them. Harriet Martineau… Illustrations of Political Economy […] I proposed […] to purchase in France the articles that I meant to smuggle into England. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London There was little reason to doubt that at the other end of the tunnel, wherever that might be, Black Ramon or his superiors, arming the insurrectionists, had guards posted to receive the smuggled guns. Fremont Deering… The Border Boys Across the Frontier Although the resolution of the Americans not to pay the duty on tea, imported from England, continued firm, there was still a considerable quantity of the article consumed. It could be obtained in Holland, at a less price than the English merchants demanded, and there was no difficulty in smuggling it, on its arrival here. Caleb Snow… A History of Boston The same trusty chronicler says that he never saw silver so common in any city, and that it was smuggled from Buenos Ayres by an ingenious device. The London Quarterly Review, 213-216 What became of the woman afterwards, I never knew; but doubtless she had friends who smuggled her out of the country, in which she never afterwards was seen. Eneas Sweetland Dallas… Once a Week 2. Metaphorically: to convey or introduce clandestinely, stealthily or secretly. Lastly, she smuggled him out of the garrison through the pantry window into the branchy yew-tree which grew close beside it, and had the satisfaction to see him reach the bottom in safety, and take the right turn at the commencement of his journey. Walter Scott… Old Mortality My friends are about holding a little musical levee. I can promise you, too, some good singing. We French are not nearly so punctilious as you Americans, and I shall have no difficulty in smuggling you in, in the character of an old acquaintance. Edgar Poe O’ɒrien, who was the officer commanding the first cutter on service, was in his boat, and I again obtained permission from him to smuggle myself into it. Frederick Marryat… Peter Simple Can you not guess why I concealed your birth, hid you up in your babyhood, and smuggled you out of the island as soon as you could run? George Whyte-Melville… Cerise I knew that Vienna was not the safest quarters for a boy who had written about the diamond necklace; so, with the help of my other friend, the prince's Russian courier, I smuggled him off to Petersburg. Chambers's Journal, vol. XI The Act, we are told, was smuggled through Parliament as it was smuggled away from public and proper discussion by the newspapers. The Lancet London, vol. 2 Intransitively: to work as a smuggler; to practise smuggling. It appeared that he had been smuggling for years, and had defrauded the revenue to an immense amount. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London English words derived from SMUGGLE: smuggling, smuggler, smuggleable, smuggled. _snare_ Verb. Pronunciation: sn ə(r). Etymology: from SNARE, noun. Preterite tense: snared. Preterite participle: snared. Present participle: snaring. Definition: to capture (an animal) in a snare; to catch with a snare. Synonyms: to ensnare; entangle. Translation: piéger, in French; atrapar, in Spanish; intrappolare, in Italian. Shelter and warmth being thus secured, she had still to find the means of subsistence. In effecting this great object, her success was complete. For seven long months, secluded in the frozen waste, she never heard the sound of a human voice; but she preserved all her courage and activity, and was never without an ample stock of food. She snared rabbits, partridges, and squirrels, and even killed two or three beavers, and some porcupines. Richard Davenport… Narratives of peril and suffering […] some young animal of the forest newly snared by the hunters. Oscar Wilde… The Young King […] he caught fish, snared rabbits, gathered the wild fruits in their seasons. Harry Wilson… The Boss of Little Arcady A good supply of wild pigeons and ortolans had been snared, partly cooked, and preserved in lard. Of these she showed me her small cask well filled. Jean Wyss… The Swiss Family Robinson To learn or remember other words derived from SNARE, see ENSNARE. _snoop_ Verb. Pronunciation: snu;p. Etymology: from Dutch snoepen (= to eat something in a secret manner.) Intransitively: 1. To search a place intrusively, illicitly or surreptitiously; to be a snooper; to become snoopy. Translation: espiar, in Spanish; spiare, in Italian; espionner, in French. Synonyms: to spy, pry. Dogs always barked at everything impartially—when they were not gnawing surreptitiously at bones or snooping in corners for scraps. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Long Shadow -)With the adverb around, (or about) to imply that the snooper goes here and there: One thing was sure. The attic was no longer a safe place for Mr. Bartlett's money. Not with Cathy snooping around, for she was a good finder. Hazel Wilson… Jerry's Charge Account They decided to do a complete search of our barracks, looking for radios and, of course, they were always snooping about to learn where tunneling might be going on. ɛim Gamble… Innocents Abroad -)-)With the preposition around, (or about), followed by a noun (the place into which the snooper intrudes): [I] wanted to tell you that he snooped around the campsite. I think he was spying on you. ɛanet Post… Alligator Gold As we approached the shed I noticed a big lock on the door. We never noticed the lock before, but I guess we really never snooped around the shed enough before to realize it was locked. ɑaron Elkin… Pirate’s Gold […] the property man snooped about Los Angeles cafes until he found what he sought in the basement of a fashionable restaurant. Popular Mechanics, January 1933 She meant to snoop about Stokely’s house alone while their host was occupied at the card tables. Sabrina Jeffries… One Night with a prince 2. To pry intrusively or surreptitiously into what is another’s; to look at someone or something in a prying manner. -)With the preposition on, followed by a noun (the person or the thing that the snooper is spying): […] I had the task of searching Penny’s and ɒubbles’ rooms. It seemed simple enough —but caution is always the better part of valor. I’d have to be careful to make sure no one snooped on me while I was snooping on them. Janice Kilby… The master detective handbook Understand that IM isn’t a totally secure communication channel. Your conversation will probably never be snooped on, but for safety’s sake, don’t share […] passwords, social security numbers, credit card information […] Nancy C – Linda Criddle… Using the Internet Safely… Evidence obtained by snooping on privileged conversations, such as husbandwife or lawyer-client, would be inadmissible. Life, 1967 Transitively: to snoop on (something); to look at in a prying manner. [Blake became asleep] while we watched a movie. I heard his phone vibrating and looked at it. Beth was calling. I snooped his voicemail […] and listened to her message. Micalle Culver… Being the other woman Other English words derived from snoop: snooper, snoop (noun), snooperscope, snoopery, snoopy, snoopiness, snooping. _soppy_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: sQpI. Etymology: denominative of sop (= a copious collection of liquid) + -y (suffix.) Comparative form: soppier. Superlative form: soppiest. 1. Literally: containing sop; -- obsolete acceptation. 2. Hence: permeated, covered, or saturated with a liquid. Translation: inzuppato, in Italian; empapado, in Spanish; détrempé, in French. Synonyms: drenched, steeped, soaked, sloppy. Antonyms: dried, desiccated. It is a […] little plant –a marsh-frog of marsh-frogs, growing only in the very soppiest of places, and climbing high upon the mountains. Reginald Farrer… My Rock-Garden The laird’s garden was in a bad climate, and in sour, soppy land. The Horticultural review and botanical magazine […] there was a slimy pond into which a tree or two had fallen—one soppy trunk and branches lay across it then—which in its accumulation of stagnant weed, and in its black decomposition, and in all its foulness and filth, was almost comforting, regarded as the only water that could have reflected the shameful place without seeming polluted by that low office. Charles Dickens… Tom Tiddler’s Ground It rained all night –a cold, insistent down-pour. […] our blankets got soppy. John Neihardt… The river and I […] through my panties I could feel how soppy it [my vagina] was. M. Pelletils… The Memoirs of Mitzy -)With the preposition with, + noun of the liquid: Ethel slips a piece of kitchen tissue over the meat to make sure the two pieces of Texas toast don’t get soppy with sauce, piles in the crinkle-cut fries, the same brand used there for thirty years. Fred Sauceman… The Place Setting The grass on the front lawns was soppy with the last of the melting snow. ɜenneth ɒurke… Here & elsewhere He was lying on his back, his coat and jacket open. The front of his shirt was soppy with blood. Mark Hebden (Pel and the Staghound 3. (Of weather) very rainy. 4. (Of a person) ridiculously or excessively affectionate, as if changed from a hard state into a softened one; --it is a metaphorical acceptation. Translation: ridicolamente mite, ridicolamente affettuoso, in Italian; ridiculement affectueux, in French; ridículamente afectuoso, sensiblero, in Spanish. Syntax: with the prepositions affectionateness: on, about, with, to signify the object of one’s […] he took no notice of me and walked past me with long steady strides, straight to where Lynda was being soppy with the boy on the stairs. Emma Cooke… A book of tricks […] I have probably wasted a lot of time over the years being a bit soppy with my horses, but I have always believed that the relationship between horse and rider has to be a real partnership. Pippa Funnell - Kate Green… Training the Young Horse “[I] want you to know that I love you more than I’ve ever loved anyone in my life.” ɜimberley was surprised by his unexpected confession […]. “Why are you going all soppy on me now?” Angus Hyslop… An African Odyssey ‘When I was at school,’ said Ros, ‘I used to get soppy about certain boys, you know, cutes one […]’ Dhivan ɛones… Green Eros [Ellie] was too busy being soppy about the bird. She put it in a box, and packed it round with cotton wool, and dug a little hole. Essential fiction anthology, compiled by Brian Moses Whenever the guys were feeling soppy about love they played it [the song] Donna Gaines… Teenage wasteland 5. Metaphorical acceptation: (of something) characteristic of, or made by, a ridiculo us ly affectionate person. It was a silly romantic story, interrupted by the soppiest songs. Rob Gerrand… Australian science fiction writing I had the biggest, soppiest smile on my face. ɛodi Picoult… Handle with care Other English words derived from SOP: soppiness, sopping, soppiness, sopper, sop (verb), soup, souping, souped. _spill_ Verb. Pronunciation: spIl. Etymology: from Old English spillan. Preterite tense: spilled (spIld) or spilt (spIlt) Preterite participle : spilled (spIld) or spilt (spIlt) Present participle: spilling. Obsolete and pristine uses: Transitively a. to kill. b. To ruin (a person). c. To destroy (something). d. To deprive of something. e. To damage; to render useless. f. To expend wastefully; to spend unprofitably. Intransitively: a. To perish or to be lost. b. To degenerate; to diminish in value. Modern uses: Transitively: 1. To cause (blood) to flow out of the body by wounding. Synonyms: to shed, effund. Robert drew a relieving breath. He was grateful that the rescue had been accomplished without spilling the blood of the robber or his own. Caroline Hentz… Robert Graham […] for one spoonful of blood I draw, you spill a tubful Charles Reade… The cloister and the hearth […] there was no blood spilled but mine own! Walter Scott… The Monastery Courcy answered very forwardly […] that he would never fight for him, neither for any such as he was; that he was not worthy to have one drop of blood spilled for him. ɛames Stuart… Historical Memoirs… 2. To fail to keep (a liquid or a substance whose particles are small and loose, as sugar) within the receptacle; this is, to lose or waste by permitting or causing to fall or issue from the vessel. Spill differs from pour in the connotation of accidental loss. Translation: derramar, in Spanish; rovesciare, in Italian; repandre, in French. Antonym: to contain. […] the sea was so quiet, that we could read, write, or walk the deck with perfect safety and convenience, and not a glass was overturned, or a drop of wine spilled upon the table. Benjamin Silliman… A journal of travels in England… […] he suddenly raised his head, seized his wicked bottle, poured more of its contents into the glass -though spilling much as he did so -and drank it off at one deep draught. Eliza Meteyard… Lilian’s golden hours The bottle dropped from her hand, and smashed to pieces on the floor, spilling the contents; but this mishap the hag was too far gone to notice. Forester Fitz-David… Alice Littleton Alcohol is more expansible than water, but on account of its combustibility, care should be taken that none of it is spilled into the fire. Benjamin Silliman… Elements of chemistry 3. Extensively: to fail to keep (a collection of things) together within the receptacle; to scatter. […] they went down together and rolled across the floor. The legs of a desk crashed and a litter of writing materials was spilled over them. Rex ɒeach… Flowing Gold The trunk had been packed full of papers —deeds, letters, bills, etc., which had been tied up in separate bundles, but [… in consequence of] the force of the fall, they now lay in confused heaps and irretrievably mixed, as far as Maria was concerned. She sat down upon the floor and began to gather them up, restoring them in as orderly a manner as possible to the trunk. Among other things she came upon a box which had slid a little to one side of the heap. This, also, had burst open, and its contents were partially spilled out. Georgie Sheldon… The Heatherford Fortune Intransitively: (of a liquid or a substance whose particles are small and loose, as sugar) to issue or fall from the receptacle (vessel, etc.), having failed someone or the receptacle itself in keeping within; to be lost or wasted, having accidentally fell or issued from a receptacle, or having improperly been poured; to flow over the brim. ɑfter politely offering the first drink to Dora, then to ɒutch, Mary gulped […] three dippers of the cold spring water, drinking so quickly that some of the water spilled over her lips and onto the front of her dress. Lee Nelson… Cassidy […] I took a bottle of milk and with all my force struck at [… the handle of the door]. The only result was that the bottle broke and the milk spilled over my legs, and trickled into my boots. Maxim Gorky… My childhood She was silent. He went to the kitchen. The fawn wobbled after him. A pan of morning's milk stood in the kitchen safe. The cream had risen on it. He skimmed the cream into a jug and used his shirt sleeve to wipe up the few drops he could not keep from spilling. If he could keep the fawn from being any trouble to his mother, she would mind it less. He poured milk into a small gourd. He held it out to the fawn. It butted it suddenly, smelling the milk. He saved it precariously from spilling over the floor. He led the fawn outside to the yard and began again. Marjorie Rawlings… The Yearling Other English words derived from the verb SPILL: spiller, spillage, spilling. _sprawl_ Verb. Pronunciation: sprO;l. Etymology: from Middle English sprewlen, sprawlen. Preterite tense, preterite participle: sprawled Present participle: sprawling. Third-person singular simple present: sprawls. Intransitively: 1. (Pristine acceptation; the subject being a person or another animal) to lie unexpectedly, as on the ground or somewhere else, either in a convulsive manner (as the consequence of a hurt or blow inflicted on the sprawler), or in a uneasy and restless position (as the consequence of a falling, specially when the sprawler is an insect who has fallen backward, or someone who is unable to erect himself.) Antonyms: to stand, to erect oneself. Translation: despatarrarse, in Spanish. He flourished his stick over Tom's head; but in a moment it was spinning harmlessly in the air, and Jonas himself lay sprawling in the ditch. In the momentary struggle for the stick, Tom had brought it into violent contact with his opponent's forehead; and the blood welled out profusely from a deep cut on the temple. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit […] at the next moment the ɒelgian giant lay sprawling upon the carpet; and Jeames, standing over him, assumed so terrible a look, that the chasseur declined any further combat. William Thackeray… ɒurlesques The lion in this manner goes round and round, still narrowing his circle, till he comes to the proper distance to make his spring; just at the time the lion springs, the horse lashes with both legs from behind […]; it more often happening that the lion is stunned, and struck motionless by the blow, than that he effects his jump between the horse's shoulders. If the lion is stunned, and left sprawling, the horse escapes, without attempting to improve his victory; but if the lion succeeds, he sticks to his prey, and tears the horse in pieces, in a very short time. Oliver Goldsmith… A History of the Earth… […] they both slipped and rolled over and over in the road, hitting and kicking as they sprawled: then a crowd of people ran forward and pulled them asunder. ɛames Stephens… Mary, Mary […] he darted behind a tree; in his haste his toe caught in one of the straggling roots, and threw him with some violence sprawling upon the ground, […] he scrambled up again in a moment, and ensconced himself behind the trunk of the oak. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood… Down he flew the second flight, in a distracted leap, but could not quite recover his legs so as to save himself from falling to the ground; he sprawled [at] his full length, but was up again in an instant. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood… […] there is a superstitious belief still existing among the country folks n many provinces, that whoever finds on his path a beetle sprawling on its back and unable to help itself, and sets the [… animal] upon its legs again […] The Foreign Quarterly Review by George Cochrane […] the mental image of the boxer sprawled on the floor. Bette Mallory… Love Enough and Time The guide, and perhaps his horse too, were both so attentive to this discourse, that, either through want of care, or by the malice of the witch, they were now both sprawling in the dirt. Henry Fielding (The History of Tom Jones) He again assailed his antagonist, and with another stroke laid him sprawling on the floor. Henry Fielding (Joseph Andrews) Jones asked no questions at this interval, but fell instantly upon the villain, and made such good use of his trusty oaken stick that he laid him sprawling on the ground before he could defend himself, indeed almost before he knew he was attacked; nor did he cease the prosecution of his blows till the woman herself begged him to forbear, saying, she believed he had sufficiently done his business. Henry Fielding (The History of Tom Jones) […] the military gentleman, with one arm, removed his cloak, and stretching forward the other into Hayes's face almost, stretched likewise forward a little boy, grinning and sprawling in the air, and prevented only from falling to the ground by the hold which the Ensign kept of the waistband of his little coat and breeches. William Makepeace Thackeray (Catherine: A Story) 2. (The subject being a person or another animal) To scramble after having sprawled; to creep with an awkward movement of the arms and legs in the attempt to raise oneself. Hence, to creep (as certain animals do), even without the antecedent of having fallen; to crawl in an ungraceful manner. Postdefinition: this acceptation being rather abusive, I had better shun it. The car slowly fell on its side and two figures sprawled out. Irwin Shaw, quoted by Webster Dict., third ed. He was twisting after the fashion of envenomed serpents, sprawling and spurning, and uttering cries of horror. George Meredith (The Shaving Of Shagpat) 3. (The subject being an inanimate thing or a vegetable: metaphorical use) To spread or seem to spread as if its extensions were limbs being in an uneasy posture. On the slopes and in the plains, endless rows of scrubby, ugly trees, powdered with the universal dust, and looking exactly like mop-sticks. Sprawling and straggling over the soil beneath them, jungles of burnt-up, leafless bushes, tangled, and apparently neglected. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 434 There were some lustrous rugs hung up beside the door; the floor was bare except for a great tiger-skin, with the head on, that sprawled in front of the fire-place. William Dean Howells (The Coast of Bohemia) As the ninth, tenth, and eleventh strokes struck, a huge blackness sprawled over the whole of London. Virginia Woolf (Orlando) He tore the envelope open, […]. Mustafa’s letter sprawled over two sheets of thin paper. The script was graceful and swirling. Judith Montgomery (Aksandar) When the police broke down the door, Richard C. Wisdom was not inside. Yet the door had been locked and bolted from the inside. And there were no windows in the room. No apparent means of escape. How did he get out? […] In the center of the room was a pool of blood. And one bloody letter sprawled across the room: M. Mel Waldman – M. Stefan Strozier (This is not a Murder Mystery) 4. (The subject being a person or another animal) to lie recumbently with the limbs stretched carelessly, as if such position were the result of a struggle, a hurt or a wound; to recumb with a stretch of the limbs over the surface of the recliner, the couch, etc.; to be stretched out in an ungainly manner. Translation: distendersi, sdraiarsi in Italian, s’affaler, s’ètaler, in French; arrellanarse, in Spanish. Approximate synonyms: loll, spraddle, curl up. One night while Gregory sat on a high stool and rested his elbow on the desk before it, with his chin in his hand, looking down upon Fane, who sprawled sadly in his chair, and listening to the last dance playing in the distant parlor, Fane said. "Now, what'll you bet that they won't every one of 'em come and look for a letter in her box before she goes to bed? I tell you, girls are queer, and there's no place like a hotel to study 'em." William Dean Howells (Ragged Lady) He was sprawled on a big white couch in the living room on the day after I’d first spotted him, watching TV as he played with his balls and fingered his ass. John Patrick (Heatwave) […] he returned with a box of condoms. Without a word, he led her to the couch and sprawled in the middle. He removed a single foil pack from the box, opened it and slipped it on. Lorelei James (Tied up, Tied down) She grinned up at me, sprawled naked on my floor. Selena Kitt (Heidi and the Kaiser) [Daenaira] was sprawled over the bed on her belly. Jacquelyn Frank (Rapture) -) It is also used with the adverb out, to intensify the connotation of “prolongation”: Jacob lay there, sprawled out on the freezing ground of the alley, gasping for breath. Charles S. Weinblatt (ɛacob’s Courage) 5. (Abusive acceptation. Though it is rare, is not to be adopted) to fall. The wheelchair fell over, and Anthony sprawled out of the chair, rolled several times, and came to a halt flat on his back. Robert A. Metzger (Picoverse) Transitive use: To spread (the limbs, or one of them) carelessly or ungracefully, while one is lying recumbently. Hence, to spread, expand, or to cause to spread (other thing than the limbs) in a wide manner, as if its extensions were limbs being in an uneasy posture. Synonyms: spraddle. Translation: despatarrar, in Spanish Taking advantage of the informality that had developed between them, the President loosened his tie and unbottoned his collar. […] she leaned back, and sprawled her legs on the carpet. Kishore Thukral (The Cronicler’s Daughter) The little face […] had been transformed into a thing of horror by a piece of […] clever tattooing. A monstrous purple and red spider sprawled its bloated form and lobster- like claws upon the delicate rose-leaf skin. Cynthia Stockley (Wild Honey) The greater part of the furniture was of the powdered-head and pig-tail period: comprising a plate-warmer, always languishing and sprawling its four attenuated bow legs in somebody's way Charles Dickens (Dombey And Son) -) It is also used with the adverb out, to intensify the connotation of “expansion”: […] he sat half a day at a stretch in the parlor, with his hat on, reading the newspapers, his legs sprawled out towards the grate. William Dean Howells (A Modern Instance) My husband was kneeling on the bed with his back to me, […]. She had one of her thin, pasty legs hiked upon his left shoulder while the other sprawled out to the side like a popsicle stick that had been sucked clean and then tossed aside. Michelle Herrera Mulligan (Juicy Mangos) She got into the missionary position and placed the back of her knees on his shoulders. […] He pushed her legs aside and lowered himself on her, panting heavily in her ear. She could hear his orgasm about to erupt, so she sprawled her legs out wide for him. Earl Sewell (Cougars) Words derived from the verb sprawl: sprawl (noun), sprawler, sprawling (noun, adj.), sprawlingly, sprawly, a-sprawl. _sprinkle_ Verb. Preterite tense, preterite participle: sprinkled. Present participle: sprinkling. Pronunciation and accent: sprINk(ə)l. Etymology: from Middle English sprenkelen. Its literal value is “to make to spring”, it being the causal of “spring”, in accordance with Walter Skeat. Transitively: 1. To scatter, throw or dispel (something granulated, particulate or liquid, as water, seed, dust, etc.) in drops or particles; to apply (it) so that the particles are spread about over the surface of something else; to make fall or collide lightly in particles. Synonyms: screw, spray, splash, spatter, asperse, sparge. Translation: rociar, asperger, in Spanish; spruzzare, in Italian; asperger, in French. […] she bade Michael bring water from the rivulet, that flowed along the road; and, having received some in the man's hat, with trembling hands she sprinkled it over her father's face. Ann Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho You can tell them to sprinkle a little vinegar about the place where he sleeps and to keep it moderately cool and him moderately warm. Charles Dickens… Bleak House I sprinkled water on her face. Charles Dickens… David Copperfield She places lit candles in glasses, so they won't blowout, in all the specified places, sprinkles the spices, and recites almost two pages of very sloppy Latin. She stares at the circle and waits. The candles burn down. ɛack Dunn… Hard […] her present was only a little pinchbeck box pierced with holes; an old sand caster, an eighteenth-century relic, once used to sprinkle sand over wet ink. Virginia Wolf… Short Stories She took his hand and sprinkled on it earth and gravel, and commenced scanning it curiously. George Meredith (The Shaving of Shagpat) […] he gave her a dark powder in her hand, saying, 'Swallow the half of this, and what remaineth mix with water, and sprinkle over thee.' George Meredith (The Shaving of Shagpat) [They] sprinkled dust upon their heads towards heaven. James Anthony Froude (Short Studies on Great Subjects) Captain Cuttle snatched from his breakfast-table a basin of cold water, and sprinkled some upon her face. Charles Dickens (Dombey and Son) When a certain person left the lady with me, he put a piece of paper with a direction written on it in the lady's hand, saying it was in case she should forget. She wasn't afraid of forgetting, for she tore it up as soon as his back was turned, and when I put up the carriage steps, I shook out one of the pieces—she sprinkled the rest out of the window, I suppose, for there was none there afterwards, though I looked for 'em. Charles Dickens (Dombey and Son) […] it sprinkled rain late in the afternoon, […] enough to remove some of the dust from the infield. Nashville Tennessean 2. (Metaphorically: the object of the verb is other thing than the liquid one or the granulated one) to scatter, to disperse. These notices, sprinkled over all his pages, show the source of that frequent mental provocation […] William Gilmore Simms (The Life of Captain John Smith) She saw, too, cattle sprinkled on the dark fields, sheep and cows […] Virginia Wolf (Orlando) That persons of prudence, […] like yours, seem to be sprinkled through the world. Samuel Richardson (Clarissa) 3. (The object of the verb is the one over which one sprinkles something liquid or granulated) to besprinkle; to make a sprinkling over (a thing or surface); to disperse something liquid, particulate or granulated over in particles or drops. Synonyms: bedew; bespatter; powder; spray; splash; spatter, asperge, asperse, drizzle. Equivalents: rociar, asperger, in Spanish; spruzzare, in Italian; asperger, in French. Usual syntax: with the preposition with. The one thinks the water so cold, that he avoids being sprinkled by it; the other is so delighted with its warmth, that he uses it as a bath. Oliver Goldsmith (A History of the Earth) She took from her traveling-bag a small apparatus for showering eau-de-cologne in spray, and with this sprinkled her forehead; afterward removing the drops with a soft sponge William Black (Sunrise) 'Foh!' said Mr Chester. 'The very atmosphere that centaur has breathed, seems tainted with the cart and ladder. Here, Peak. Bring some scent and sprinkle the floor; and take away the chair he sat upon, and air it; and dash a little of that mixture upon me. I am stifled!' Charles Dickens (Barnaby Rudge) The floor was merely sprinkled with rain, and not saturated. Thomas Hardy (The Return of the Native, 1878) I gently withdrew my still stiff prick. Very little sperm followed the withdrawal. I wiped her cunt dry with my handkerchief […]I laid her gently down on her back, ran to a little stream, and taking two handfuls of water, came back, threw some on the still throbbing cunt, and sprinkled her face with the drops that still adhered to my palms. Wordsworth Book of Classic Erotica I needed a shower but didn’t have time for one, so I splashed water all over myself and dried off, then applied a deodorant, sprinkled myself with powder, and slipped into a cotton dress and sandals. Wick Downing (The Trials of Kate Hope) Cut two slices chicken halibut in fillets, sprinkle fillets with salt and pepper, pour over one-third cup white wine, cover, and let stand thirty minutes. Fannie Merritt Farmer (The Bosto Cooking School Cook Book) He came forward close to the vessel of smoking vinegar; from which he sprinkled himse lf carefully, and me copiously. Charles Dickens (George Siverman’s Explanation) 4. (As a metaphor of the preceding acceptation) intersperse; diversify or mingle (a thing) with other things scattered. Postdefinition: used mainly in passive. Further on we came to Milwaukie, which is rapidly becoming one of the great cities of the West. It lies within a semicircle of green pastoral declivities sprinkled with scattered trees, where the future streets are to be built. William Cullen Bryant (Letters of a Traveller) In a drive which we took into the country, we had occasion to admire the much talked of verdure and ornamental cultivation of England. Green hedges, rich fields of grass sprinkled with flowers, beautiful residences, were on every side, and the wheels of our carriage rolled over the smoothest roads in the world. William Cullen Bryant (Letters of a Traveller) Winding roads are made through the green turf, which is now sprinkled with daisies William Cullen Bryant (Letters of a Traveller) The Paper Mill had stopped work for the night, and the paths and roads in it s neighbourhood were sprinkled with clusters of people going home from their day's labour in it. Charles Dickens (Our Mutual Friend) […] I noticed how white his prick was. His flesh was brownish — and being so sprinkled with hair it made it look dark generally. Walter (My Secret Life) Erasmus not unfrequently sprinkles his explanations of ancient phrase with moral or literary remarks […] Henry Hallam (Introduction to the Literature of Europe) I perceived a bird of very singular plumage, […]. It appeared to me, at a small distance, to be sprinkled all over with red, green, and yellow. Alexander Wilson (The Natural History of the Birds of the United States) "Yes," said I. "Estella waved a blue flag, and I waved a red one, and Miss Havisha m waved one sprinkled all over with little gold stars, out at the coach-window […]." Charles Dickens (Great Expectations) 5. To colour with specks or spots. Synonyms: speck, spot. Postdefinition: used mainly in passive. Chinese potters similarly described the clays as “sprinkled with spots like stars of silver”. Robert Finlay (The Pilgrim Art) Books may be sprinkled so as to resemble a kind of marble by using 2 or 3 differe nt colours. Charles Lock (Workshop Receipts, 1885) At the beginning of the tenth century, the Nashidji lacquer, of a yellowish orange colour, sprinkled with gold. S. Hartmann (Japanese Art, 1904) 6. (Obsolete acceptation) to cleanse with a few drops. Intransitive uses: 1. To spring or be scattered in drops or particles. Synonyms: spray Danilova began to sob, untying the bundle. "Sweetheart," she said, the tears sprinkling from her eyes, "Sister ɒaranova could not give you anything without love” Andrew Fetler (The Travelers) The water sprinkling up out of the cans are dashes of thinned Slate Grey. Catherine Holman (Charming Village Scenes You Can Paint, 1999) Eric breaks down, his tears sprinkling down on her face. “I love you. Sleep now” Bradley Lawrence (Angel) Jack caught the stone, stared at it, then squeezed his hand together. Powdered crystal sifted through his fingers, the dust sprinkling onto the floor. Rob Preece (One Handsome D…) 2. To scatter a liquid, or any particulate substance, so that it may fall or get applied in particles or drops. The girl sprinkled of the wine and, immediately, sucked her fingers enticingly. 3. (“Rain” or its pronoun “it” being the subject) to rain or fall sprinklingly or in infreq ue nt and scattered drops. Antonym: pour Synonym: drizzle. They stopped at a crosswalk and waited for the sign to change. While they stood there the dark clouds above rumbled and it began to sprinkle. “Maybe if we’re lucky it won’t start pouring until we get home”, ɜelley said, looking up at the clouds. Jessica Rinaldo (Key to the Gate) The stale air reminded her of hospital rooms. She lowered the window enough to let the fresh air awaken her after the long journey. The rain sprinkled in and she lifted her face to it, tasting its cool sweetness. Mary Alice Monroe (Time is a River) As they crouched by the fire that night, the rain sprinkled lightly on the cedar boughs of their lean-to. Bryan Smillie (A Time for Evron) Vocables derived from sprinkle: sprinkleproof (adj.), sprinkle (noun), sprinkled, sprinkler, sprinklered, sprinkling (adj., noun), sprinklingly, besprinkle, besprinkled , besprinkler, besprinkling, springle, unsprinkled, oversprinkle, intersprink le, intersprinkled _squat_ Verb. Pronunciation: skwQt. Preterite tense, preterite participle: squatted; present participle: squatting. Third-person singular simple present: squatts Etymology: from Old French esquatir, esquater, from es- (= ex-) + quatir (= to beat or press down). Quatir is from Latin coactus, preterite participle of cogere (= to press together, force). Cogere is analysed into co- (= together) prefixed to agere (= to drive.) Transitively: 1. (Literal acceptation, now obsolete) to flatten; to beat or press down; to crush. 2. To cause (a person or another animal) to squat; to put into a squatting attitude or posture; to sit (some one) with the legs upon the hams or heels, or with the legs in front of the rest of the body; to make to sit on one’s haunches; hence, to sit, seat. Translation: accroupir, in French; hacer acuclillar, in Spanish; fare accoccolarsi, in Italian. […] he came to meet me, kissed me on both sides with all the ease of one, who receives an acquaintance just come out of the country, squatted me into a fauteuil, begun to talk of the town. Thomas Gray… The Works of Gray -)Chiefly reflexive: […] they gained admittance to the hut. The men creeping in first, squatted themselves directly in front of the women, all holding out the small piece of sealskin to allow the heat to reach their bodies. Charles Wilkes… United States Exploring Expedition […] we having hobbled our horses, they squatted themselves on the ground to skin their opossum which they then brought to be roasted. William ɜingston… Adventures and other Stories 3. To occupy (an uninhabited building) as a squatter; this is, illegally, without being entitled, or permitted, to occupy it. There were always empty places in the Buildings; people squatted them and got evicted and moved into another empty flat while someone else squatted the one they'd just left. Carol ɒirch… Life in the palace, 1988 ɒeverley helped to set up an “informal women’s centre” in one squatted house. Sarah Green… Urban Amazons […] to evict the residents of the remaining squatted houses. Michael Smith… Marginal Spaces [Maberly Chapel] has been squatted by a group of artists. Patrick Wright… A Journey Through Ruins 4. To house (someone) as a squatter in an uninhabited building; to help (someone) occupy an uninhabited place, without right nor permission to do so. Margie hoped her mother would like the different and better council house into which an uncle had squatted them in her absence. It was made of brick and had four bedrooms. Nell McCafferty… Peggy Deery, 1989 […] we piled her belongings into a truck and squatted the family in a vacant house, owned by a landlord. There were not many vacant houses, but that was no bother either. Nell McCafferty… Nell, 2004 Intransitively: 1. (The subject being an hare) to sit close to the ground; to cower. Postdefinition: sometimes, the verb connotes that the hare hides in a crouching attitude, to escape pursuers. The hare seems to have more various arts and instincts to escape its pursuers, by doubling, squatting, and winding. Oliver Goldsmith… The Earth and Animated Nature […] the hare squatted unconcerned, or hopped at leisure from field to wood. James Payn (Halves) 2. (The subject being other animal than an hare) to sit close to the ground; to cower, in the manner of a hare. Dogs shew what may be fairly called a sense of humour, as distinct from mere play; if a bit of stick or other such object be thrown to one, he will often carry it away for a short distance; and then squatting down with it on the ground close before him, will wait until his master comes quite close to take it away. Charles Darwin (The Descent of Man…) [The lion] suddenly squatted, evidently intending to spring upon me. ‘Nay, old fellow’, I muttered to myself, ‘if that's the ticket, I will be even with you’. Carl J. Andersson (The Okavango River, 1861) Underneath the left-hand tower of the pavilion may be observed a bird squatting on a bowl. Henry W. V. Stuart (Egypt after the war, 1883) 3. (The subject being human) to sit close to the ground; to cower, in the manner of a hare; (hence) to sit with the legs upon the hams or heels; to sit on one’s haunches, with the legs vertically in front of the rest of the body; to be in a crouching attitude; (hence, abusively) to sit in any other manner. Equivalents: acuclillarse, in Spanish; s’accroupir, in French; accoccolarsi, in Italian. Equivalent periphrases: to bend the knees, sit on the heel. Antonym: to stand. […] we saw the big backside of a woman, who was half standing, half squatting, a stream of piss falling in front of her, and a big hairy gash, as it seemed, under her arse. Walter (My Secret Life) Every woman as she pissed I made to mount the bed, and squat over a basin, whilst I kneeling on the floor in front of her, contemplated the amber jet from the crimson gash. Walter (My Secret Life) […] over the basin she squatted to void the argentiferous stream. It was beautiful to see her squat, her thighs then rounded into the fullest, loveliest form, it always delighted me to see her in that attitude washing her cunt. Walter (My Secret Life) Open your cunt — Egyptienne obeyed, squatted over me, her cunt covered my mouth. "Lick it, chéri," said she. Walter (My Secret Life) Never does a woman look sweeter, than when squatting with clothes well off her thighs, she washes her cunt, yet on the re-verse side, as well as I know, when squatting for a solid evacuation, how ugly does she look. Certainly less beautiful to me. Walter (My Secret Life) 'Get the gentleman a towel for his hands, and serve him a basin of turtle-soup,' roared the monster, who was sitting, or rather squatting, on the deck opposite me. William Makepeace Thackeray (Barry Lyndon) Willie licked his lips and looked at his prick, still dangling, […]. However, the two girls who had disrobed Linda Mayers solved his problem. One got on her knees and with the polish of a veteran took his cock into her mouth and proceeded to suck it, while the other squatted behind him and began sucking and licking his asshole. Tanya Curzon (The Gift of Tongues) [Tuck], a position in which the skier squats forward and holds his ski poles under his arms and parallel to the ground that is usually used to minimize wind resistance in downhill racing. Webster's Sports Dict. 1976 -) It may be construed with the prepositions on or upon before the word denotative of the base upon which one sits (the ground, hams, etc.) The little black lass rose from the floor where she had squatted on her haunches after washing. Walter (My Secret Life) She had squatted on her hams, spat on his arm, and with her finger-tips scrubbed away the dirt of days and nights of muck and jungle that sullied the pristine whiteness of his skin. Richard Lansdown (Strangers in the South Seas) Suzie was still squatting on her haunches, more or less over his feet [Dickie’s ones], when the truck arrived. Larry McMurtry (Texasville) -) It may also be construed with the adverb down, which is rather redundant. We both desired to see women piddling, though both must have before seen them at it often enough. Walking near the market-town with him, just at the outskirts, and looking up a side-road, we saw a pedlar woman squat down and piss. Walter (My Secret Life) Down she squatted, pissed over my hand and finished with a fart. Walter (My Secret Life) She stepped quickly to the little fire, squatting down near it, feeling instantly its tiny heat and sighed with contentment. William Craig (The Gift) -) The Preterite participle: may be used predicatively: I found him squatted on the bare floor, with no furniture in the room. Harry Kemp (Tramping on Life) They found him squatted in the grass outside. Mary Katherine Maule (A Prairie-Schooner Princess) Strolling along the boardwalk at Atlantic City, Mr. Mulligan, the wealthy retired contractor, dropped a quarter through a crack in the planking. A friend came along a minute later and found him squatted down, industriously poking a two dollar bill through the treacherous cranny with his forefinger. Peggy Edmund (Toaster’s Handbook) 4. (In Weight-lifting) to squat while lifting a weight When we finally began squatting, we did a few warm-up sets to get our bodies accustomed to the movement. John Hansen (Natural bodybuilding, 2005) -) It may be construed with the preposition with before the word denotative of the weight: Finally, one more woman powerlifter, Maris Anne Sternberg, 198- pound world powerlifting champion, who has squatted with 450 pounds on her back, says: People should work to the best of their own personal ability. Bob Goldman, Patricia J. Bush, Ronald Klatz (Death in the locker room) Power lifting champions weighing 1 14 and 123 pounds have squatted with more than 400 pounds, and middle- weights of 165 pounds (the best in the world, of course) have done squats with weights in the 500 to 600 pound range. Jim Murray (Inside weight lifting and weight training, 1977) On our second set, we squatted with 225 pounds for 10 reps. John Hansen (Natural bodybuilding, 2005) -) It may also be construed with an adverbial accusative denotative of the weight or the number of times that a squatting is made: As a power lifter, he bench-pressed 560 pounds, squatted 820 pounds. Ric Flair – Keith Elliot Greenberg – Mark Madden (Ric Flair) Some heavyweight men can squat over 400 pounds. Rowing News, Vol. 11 ɑnyone who […] squats 10 reps with 770 lbs […] is liable to accomplish the incredible. Muscle Power Mar., 1956 5. (The subject being human) to settle upon uncultivated or unoccupied land, without legal title and without the payment of rent; to occupy illegally or informally a land, in order to the establishment there of an abode, or to its cultivation. People whose lore was of field and woods rather than of such abstract matters as authorization, survey, and filing, simply built a house, cleared some land, planted crops, and marked their corners […]. Some squatted for lack of any legal entitlement, other because they were far from the capitals where the transactions might be formalized. Edward T. Price (Dividing the Land) [Immigrants] seeing the abundance of vacant land, they often squatted and soon claimed the land by virtue of the improvements they had made. Edward T. Price (Dividing the Land) […] the most common charge against park residents was that they illegally occupied the land by “squatting” there. Roy Rosenzweig – Elizabeth Blackmar (The Park and the People) […] those who had “squatted” for years on land whose owners were unknown […] Roy Rosenzweig – Elizabeth Blackmar (The Park and the People) -) It may be construed with the prepositions on or upon before the word denotative of the land. Squatters wanted special consideration to purchase the land they squatted on when it came up for sale. ɛohn O’Sullivan – Edward F. Keuchel (American Economic History) 6. (The subject being human, especially an homeless person) to occupy illegally an uninhabited or derelict building; to house oneself in an untenanted habitable structure without right to do so, as a squatter. We helped quite a lot of women squat, […] we used to break into houses and things for them. Sarah F. Green (Urban Amazons) Sam formerly had lived in this house. More accurately Sam had squatted in this house. Sam had not owned it. Sam had not paid rent. Sam simply had claimed the house one day by tearing the plywood from a boarded window and moving in. Paul Leonard (Music of a Thousand Hammers) In one town I remember a whole colony of them who were squatting, more or less illicitly, in a derelict house which was practically falling down. George Orwell (The Road to Wigan Pier, 1937) English vocables derived from squat: squat (noun), squat (adj.), squatly, squatment, squatness, squattage, squatter, squatting (noun, adj.), squattily, squatty, squattingly, squattish, squattle, squattocracy, squattocratic, squatty, a-squat. Stager Noun Pronunciation and accent: steIÙə(r) Plural: stagers Etymology: it is supposed to be derived from the noun stage + -er. Stage is derived from Latin stare (= to stand) Definition: a person who has long lived, or who has long experience in something, and who, for that, is supposed to be better qualified than a young one; a person praised for his/her long experience in something Synonym: veteran Antonyms: experienceless person, beginner, uninitiated Translation:veterano, in Spanish; vétéran, in French; veterano, in Italian. -) It is usually construed with old: "Ah young men! young men! you're all foolish alike. I don't know how you'd get on, if you hadn't a few old stagers like me to think for you and [… impart] you good advice. Frank E. Smedley (Frank Fairlegh) When so old a stager as G. S. does not take the obvious course, the inference is that there is a better course to be taken--not obvious to the uninitiated. Mary Braddon (Charlotte's Inheritance) And you are ashamed to confess the truth to me; and you are half ashamed to confess it even to yourself--as if you could deceive an old stager like me! Mary Braddon (Charlotte's Inheritance) _stint_ Verb. Pronunciation: stint. Third-person singular simple present: she (he) stints. Preterite tense, preterite participle: stinted. Present participle: stinting. Etymology: from Old English styntan (= to blunt, dull), which, as it was believed by Walter Skeat, is the causal verb of the adjective stunt (= dull.) Intransitively: 1. (Of an animated being) to cease from doing something; to desist; to forbear; --it is obsolete. 2. (Of an action, process, etc.) to cease from continuing; --it is obsolete. 3. (Of an animated being) to cease from locomoting; to halt; --it is obsolete. 4. (Of a body) to cease from moving; --it is obsolete. 5. (Of a fluid) to cease from flowing; --it is obsolete. 6. (Of a portion of land, etc.) to end; to be limited; --it is obsolete. 7. Modern use: (of a person) to stint oneself in one’s expenses; to become frugal or parsimonious.. -)With the preposition on, or in, followed by the noun of the thing of which one stints oneself: She never stinted on candles. Sarah Micklem… Firethorn In Oakland a husband stinted on food and clothing while spending a large sum on painting his house because “everybody could see that.” David B. Tyack – Robert Lowe… Public schools… Transitively: 1. To cause (an animated being) to cease from doing something; --it is obsolete. 2. To discontinue (one’s own action, process, etc.); --it is archaic. […] they departed and stinted not journeying till nightfall, when they halted and ate some victual. Richard ɒurton… Thousand Nights and a Night Be quick and stint this talk and impertinence, for I have to go to a party at the house of some of my intimates. Richard ɒurton… Thousand Nights and a Night 3. To cause to cease (another’s action, process, etc.); --it is obsolete. 4. To cause (pain, appetite, etc.) to cease by assuagement or by satisfaction; --it is obsolete. 5. To cause (a natural action, as rain, fire, etc.) to cease; --it is obsolete. […] ɒarton sat brooding over his stinted fire. Elizabeth Gaskell… Mary Barton 6. To cause (a fluid, etc.) to cease from flowing; --it is obsolete. 7. To cause (an animated being, or oneself) to cease from locomoting or translocating; -it is obsolete. 8. a. To cause (an animated being, oneself, a plant, etc.) to cease from increasing in size. b. To end (the increasing, or the growth.) Synonym: to stunt. The Mandrake should never be removed after it has arrived at any considerable size, as it is hardly possible to take it up without breaking the lower fibres, which so stints the plant, that, although it may live, it seldom recovers its former strength. Henry Phillips… Flora Historica […] the fruit of these trees, deprived of its nourishment, and stinted in its growth, becomes yellow and dry. The London encyclopaedia by Thomas Curtis […] I cannot forbear charging my countrymen with exceeding ill husbandry in not providing sufficiently for them all winter, by which means they starve all their young cattle, or at least stint their growth. Thomas Salmon… Modern history… […] such trifling deficiency, […], is sufficient to diminish the quantity of milk in ewes, and to stint the growth of lambs. The farmer’s magazine, vol. 10 Little argument, […], is necessary to prove that thin sowing of barley must be attended with considerable disadvantage; for, if the early part of the season be dry, the plants will not only be stinted in their growth, but will not send out offsets. Henry Stephens… The book of the farm, vol. 2 A tree often becomes stinted from an accumulation of moss, which affects the functions of the bark, and renders the tree unfruitful. Colin MacKenzie… Five thousand receipts… […] young pigs are very susceptible of cold, and if exposed to it , though they may not actually die, their growth will be so stinted as to prevent them attaining to a large size, however fat they may be made. Henry Stephens… The book of the farm, vol. 2 -)With the preposition to, to signify the height- limit: When the plants attain the height of six to ten inches, they are removed and planted in rows, about eight feet apart, and generally with alternate rows of plantains, which shoot up in a few months, bear two or three crops of fruit, and are cut down again at the end of the first year. They begin to yield fruit the third year, but are not in full bearing till the fifth. If left to themselves they would grow to the height of sixteen or eighteen feet, but they are stinted to about eight or ten, for the facility of gathering the fruit. Edward ɒ. Penny… Customs and society of Mexico 9. To restrict (an animated being) to an action, process, place, etc.; --it is obsolete. 10. Rare use: to keep or restrain (an animated being) within the limits of a room, house, building, habitat, etc. Synonym: to confine After the skin begins to grow too rigid, or the animal is stinted within it, the insect throws it off. Oliver Goldsmith (A history of the earth) -) With the prepositions to, before a noun designative of the limited place: The bees, […], do not stint their sovereign to the same narrow mansions as content themselves; they build their royal cells much ticker and stronger, and of more than twice the size. Eliakim Littell (The Eclectic museum of foreign literature…) Apropos of war, it is perfectly absurd to stint a people so intelligent, so rich, so well armed, to a petty limit of territory sufficing for 10,000 or 12,000 families. Edward Bulwer Lytton (The Coming Race) 11. (The subject being animated, or otherwise) to restrict (something intellectua lly limitable) to certain limit or scope; to cause (something incorporeal) to be nothing more or less than it is, as if by keeping it within limits; to cause it not to extend in scope but to an only one. Postdefinition: this use is consequent from the preceding one Synonyms: to determine, to limit Antonym: to outstretch Translation:limitar, in Spanish; limitare, in Italian; limiter, in French. […] when words are substituted for symbols, it will be its aim to circumscribe and stint their import as much as possible […] ɛohn Henry Newman (ɑn Essay… ) -) With the prepositions to, before a noun, an infinitive, or a gerund designative of the limit: Huysmans, with that benevolent malice so characteristic of him, used to say that Zola’s investigation was stinted to going out for a drive once in a carriage with Madame Zola. George Moore (Memoirs of my Dead Life) […] her supper was stinted to a crust of dry bread and a draught of cold water. The New year’s gift, edited by Maden Watts He spent a larger portion of his meagre income than he could reasonably afford in purchasing them [books]; his other wants were stinted to obtain money for this darling purpose. The North American review, vol. 73 "Mrs. Saunders is a woman in ten thousand. […], not contented with the bread and cheese to which I bade her stint her beneficence, a whole chicken,—a little cake too for you, Sophy; she has not even forgotten the salt. Sophy, that woman deserves the handsomest token of our gratitude; and we will present her with a silver teapot the first moment we can afford it." Edward Bulwer-Lytton (What Will He Do With It) 12. To limit or restrain (something) in quantity or in intensity; this is, to cause it not to extend in quantity or in intensity but to an certain limit. Hence, to diminish. Translation:limitar, in Spanish; limitare, in Italian; limiter, in French. "Private soldiers get just thirteen dollars a month; and if you continue smoking--as I am informed all men do in the army--I expect to have to stint my pin-money expenses to eke out your tobacco bills." Henry Francis Keenan (The Iron Game) It is a very bad and thriftless economy in building a new stable to stint the room afforded to each horse. A dozen horses may be rendered uncomfortable and unable to take their proper rest, merely for the sake of making the stable hold one additional animal. William Percival (The veterinarian) A disposition to stint your labour, to do as little as you possibly can, and to do that little, in a careless, unneat, half-finished manner, is a great blemish in your character. John Angell James (The family monitor) [My students] have never stinted the time to train me in evolutionary biology. Graham Bell (The basics of selection) […] they stinted the amount of tin. N. Hudson Moore (The collector’s manual) […] her mental powers, hitherto stinted in their growth, rapidly developed themselves. The living age, vol. 1 Great care must be taken not to stint the amount of hay or straw used in lining the top, bottom, and sides of the basket. James Barnes (Asparagus culture) […] to stint the quantity of light. The photographic art-journal, vol. 5 -) With the preposition to, before a number and a noun designative of the limit: Should the horse have to undertake a longer journey than walking about the farm, the allowance of water should be stinted to 10 gluts; but if he is to be at home, he may drink as much as he pleases. Henry Stephens (The farmer’s guide) Our allowance was stinted to three bottles of stinking water: during more than a year we had not tasted wine. ɛohn Pinkerton (ɑ general collection…) […] when my going abroad was stinted to four hours a day. Illustrations of the literary history…, vol. 5 The time for the submission to be made was stinted to ten days after the publishing of the proclamation, and the goods that had been wrongfully taken away, […], were to be brought back; without the performance of which condition, and this within the time prefixed, no particular person could be entitled to pardon. Thomas Carte (The life of ɛames…) 13. To restrict (a person) to a number or quantity of what he (she) may do, use, spend, drink, eat, employ, etc.; this is, to let (some one) use, spend, drink, eat, employ, do, etc., something only to a limited quantity; to restrict to a scant allowance. Hence, to restrict (a person) to a lesser number or quantity; to reduce Synonyms: to limit, restrict Synthetic antonym: to make (a person) to prodigalize something Translation:limitar (a alguno), in Spanish; limitare (qualcuno), in Italian; limiter (quelqu’un), in French. -) With the preposition to, before a number and a noun designative of the limit: […] why should not they choose our wives, limit our expenses, and stint us to a certain number of dishes, of glasses of wine, and of cups of tea? Thomas Babington Macaulay (Essays, critical and miscellaneous) Nor did he stint us to any number of words, inviting us to go on beyond 60, which we thought abundantl enough. Samuel Pepys (Diary and correspondence of Samuel Pepys) I have told him he is not stinted to the sum we had spoke of, which was agreed on. ɛames Vernon (Letters illustrative… ) […] a division had been called on the question, whether instead of thirteen hundred pounds he should not be stinted to seven hundred and eighty pounds. William Smith (The history of the late province of New York) [Because of] the rapidity with which roundabout frames are superseding the oldfashioned loom in the manufacture of shirts, drawers, pantaloons, &c., great numbers of workpeople are either stinted to short time or [… dismissed from] employ entirely. The Living age, vol. 29 Why should she stint us to one or two puddens a week, and those as hard as brickbats […]? Elizabeth ɒraddon (ɛoshua Haggard’s Daughter) […] if a horse is stinted to an allowance that would keep him in a tolerable plight with only a little walking exercise, and then is put to work without an increase of food, he will of course became thin. John Stuart Skinner (ɑmerican turf register…) So small was the quantity of milk purchased that the officers were stinted to a few spoonfuls each, which, with as limited a quantity of rice, meal, or meat, constituted our daily bill of fare. William Gray (Travels in Western Africa) -) In the reflexive mode: Had he been wise, he would have shunned places of public resort, […] and stinted himse lf to one bottle at a meal. Thomas Macaulay (The history of England) It is a general impression of the people of Stockholm that there are visit-worthy objects within and near it sufficient to occupy a stranger’s time for fully three weeks. I stinted myself to nine days, and therefore saw only a selection of the best objects, among which the palace was the chief. Chambers’s Edimburgh journal, by William Chambers and Robert Chambers To counteract a tendency to corpulency, […] ɒyron, at one period, dined four days in the week on fish and vegetables, and even stinted himself to a pint of claret. The living age, vol. 12, edited by Eliakim Littell […] he wrote a laconic note to George, took a cutlet at Long’s, stinted himself to three glasses of wine, and before ten o’clock repaired to his new residence. Theodore Edward Hook (Cousin William) You know I am a single man, and have no wife nor family, and so I can afford to spend a trifle; and so I do. I don’t spend so much there as many. ɑt first I stinted myself to a shilling in a week, and then, somehow, it got on to eighteen-pence, and then to two shillings; and now I commonly spend about half-a-crown a week; but I mean to stop there. The Cottager’s monthly visitor Instead of spending my income of a thousand guineas in the year, it is certainly possible to stint myself to fifty pounds. Thomas Chalmers (On political economy) The little brown loaf and cup of weak tea, to which she stinted herself, became nectar and ambrosia […] Harriet Gordon (Courtship and wedlock) 14. Very rare use: To cause (an animated being) to be in an restrictive state or circumstance, as if by confining him to it. Synonyms: to reduce […] Silvia longs for liberty, and those necessary gallantries, which every day diminis hed; she loved rich cloaths, gay coaches, and to be lavish; and now she was stinted to good housewifery. Aphra Behn (Love-letters…) 15. To cause (an animated being) to be short of something, having restricted its quantity in consequence of a deliberate design, as the one of scrimping, or the one of restricting its use; this is, to deprive (some one) of something by supplying it limitedly, insufficie ntly or unsatisfiedly; this is, to keep on short allowance; to be parsimonious with (some one) Synonym: to scrimp, to abridge, scant (someone) of Antonym: to over-supply Translation:privar (a alguien) de algo, escatimando su cantidad, in Spanish; privare (qualcuno) di qualcosa supplendoci grettamente o limitatamente, in Italian; priver (quelqu’un) de quelque chose, en y suppléant économiquement, in French. 'The only care she knew,' returned the daughter, 'was to be beaten, and stinted, and abused sometimes […]' Charles Dickens (Dombey and Son) Stinted as we are for space, we cannot, as we should wish, bring before the reader the passages from the originals writers […] The living age, vol. 1 -) It may be construed with the preposition of before a noun designative of the thing of which one is short or deprived: I have been stinted of education, liberty, money, dress, the very necessaries of life, the commonest pleasures of childhood, the commonest possessions of youth. Charles Dickens (The Mystery of Edwin Drood) The last day before the drawing of the lottery, the offices are thronged with fathers and mothers of families, who stint their children of bread to buy dearly a few hours of golden illusion.... William Dean Howells (Venetian Life) […] on holding the wool tight between the hands, make the third finger of the right hand play firmly upon the fibres, as if in staccato on the strings of a violin, and if the sound produced be firm and sharp, and somewhat musical, the wool is sound; if the fibres do not break, on repeatedly jerking the hands asunder with considerable force, the staple is sound; if they break, the wool is unsound, and, what is remarkable, it will break at those places which issued from the felt of the sheep when the sheep was stinted of meat or had an ailment. Henry Stephens (The book of the farm, vol. 2) -) It may be construed with the preposition in before a noun designative of the thing limited in quantity: The cow kind is to be found in almost every part of the world, large in proportion to the richness of the pasture; and small as the animal is stinted in its food. Oliver Goldsmith (ɑ history of the Earth…) […] in France, where the animal [the cow] is stinted in its food, and driven from the most flourishing pastures, it greatly degenerates. Oliver Goldsmith (ɑ history of the Earth…) The pasture grasses did not fare so well as those for hay. […] so that every [… kind] of beast were stinted in pasturage all summer. The journal of agriculture, vol. 3 Never stint your horses at home in hay and oats, but fill the rack to the top, and the manger to the brim. Jonathan Swift (The works of Jonathan Swift) The tame rabbits are larger than the wild ones from their taking more nourishment, and using less exercise; but their flesh is not so good, being more insipid and softer. In order to improve it, they are chiefly fed upon bran, and are stinted in their water. Oliver Goldsmith (ɑ history of the Earth…) I surveyed this man, as he turned himself about, and concluded that the tailor who worked for him had been threatened with a specimen of his art, if he stinted him in cloth; for the skirts of his coat were ample, terminating in an inclined plane, the corners in front being much lower than the middle of the robe behind; the buttons on the hips were nearly pistolshot asunder. Frederick Marryat (Frank Mildmay) That morning, at breakfast, her mother had stinted [… ɑgnes] in milk—just a little— that she might have enough to make some milk-porridge for their dinner. George MacDonald (A Double Story) -) In the reflexive mode: Sausage rolls are very fat, and, consequently, satisfying. I bought one for my breakfast, one for dinner, and a third, which I ate at night, […]. I never bought all three at a time, but went out for each, in order to have something to do. Now and then, being madly fond of smoking, I stinted myself of one roll, and bought a cigar instead. Frederick Law Olmsted (Walks and talks…) In order to let his children be respectably dressed and maintain a decent appearance […] he stinted himself of almost the common necessaries of life. George William MacArthur (The mysteries of London) He had for months stinted himself of many comforts, that he might add weekly to a sum which he had saved for the purchase of a horse and water-cart. He was already master of a few hundreds francs. The living age, vol. 1 The old fisherman carved in wood, he twisted ropes of sand-grass, he stinted himself of food, and every penny he thus laboriously and painfully accumulated, he hoarded at the foot of Oluf’s Dune. Tait’s Edinburgh magazine […] having secured fresh berries, he [the captain] sowed these on board ship, and often stinted himself of his daily allowance of water for the sake of the young plants Harper’s magazine, vol. 1 […] even among the girls who were so poor that they had to stint themselves of food and fire, for art's sake, there were the bravest and gayest spirits. William Dean Howells (The Coast of Bohemia) He drudged hard and stinted himself of ease and comfort. James Ballantine (Chronicle of the hundred birthday…) […] I camped informally on the Holden lot, sleeping where I could find a bed and stinting myself in food to eke out my little savings. Harry Leon Wilson (Merton of the Movies) […] ɜionk already selected a particular site for his own future settlement, and by no means stinted himself in the number of his self-allotted acres. William Gilmore Simms (Southward Ho!) There is nothing more mistaken than to stint yourself in the proportions of your rooms, the numbering your bed-rooms, or the accommodation of your offices, for the value of a trifle of brick and mortar! Catherine Grace Frances (The banker’s wife) 16. To cause (an inanimate being) to be scanty of something. -) It may be construed with the preposition of before a noun designative of the thing of which something is scanty: […] stint your milk room of air, and keep the cream pot covered tight, to exclude the flies. Thomas Greene Fessenden (The New England farmer) […] on the cliffs of romantic rivers, […], where it is stinted of soil, it often shoots from the crevices of the rocks in very picturesque forms. John Marius Wilson (The Rural cyclopedia) ɑ time of war, […], is a period of unusual draughts on the loan market. The Governme nt, at such times, generally incurs new loans, and, as these usually succeed each other rapidly as long as the war lasts, the general rate of interest is kept higher in war than in peace, without reference to the rate of profit, and productive industry is stinted of its usual supplies. John Stuart Mill (Principles of Political Economy) 17. To give, spend, supply (something) limitedly or stintedly; this is, to give, spend, supply in scanty quantity. Synonym: to scant, niggardize, diminish Antonym: to prodigalize, lavish Translation:escatimar (algo), in Spanish; supplire a qualcosa grettamente o limitatamente, o lesinare su qualcosa, in Italian; lésiner sur quelque chose, in French. Where toil ceases not during the twenty-four hours, gas cannot be stinted, and it is largely consumed in the Cottonborough factories. William Harrison Ainsworth (Mervyn Clitheroe) Mr. Comberbach took care that the cellar should be well stocked with the finest old port and Madeira (champagne or hock were never given), and as Mrs. Mervyn never stinted her wine, while the reverend gentleman who sat at the bottom of the table was fully aware of her hospitable wishes, and carefully seconded them himself, her guests were always plentifully supplied. William Harrison Ainsworth (Mervyn Clitheroe) 18. To give (something incorporeal) limitedly or stintedly; this is, to do restrictedly (an action) on someone or something Synonyms: to confer, or to grant limitedly, to scant, niggardize, diminish Antonym: to prodigalize, lavish Translation:escatimar (algo), in Spanish; supplire a qualcosa grettamente o limitatamente, o lesinare su qualcosa, in Italian; lésiner sur quelque chose, in French. That tenderness and care which she stinted to her second son, Margherita Goldoni lavished on her first born, on her Carlino. Joseph Spencer Kennard (Goldoni and the Venice…) -) In the reflexive mode: He rather stinted himself the pleasure of seeing [Marjory]. Robert Louis Stevenson (The Merry Men) 19. a. To restrict (the use of a common pasture) to a number of cattle; to limit the number of cattle that may graze upon (a common land). b. To assign a limited permission to (a person), for him (her) to graze his (her) cattle upon common land; to permit (someone) to graze stintedly his cattle upon common pasture The milch-cows were turned out in good weather into a dry sheltered pasture of sixteen acres, which had been so hard stinted, as to afford them little or no food, but had the advantage of plenty of good water. The Farmer’s magazine, volumen 11 If the mountains, now held in common, were all inclosed or reduced to stinted pastures, much time might be saved in shepherding. Royal ɑgricultural Society of England (ɛournal…) […] the rights of common over a common pasture, which is gated or stinted to a definite number of beasts held in a fixed number of rights, may at any moment, if not so already, be converted into rights of common in gross. Robert Hunter (The Preservation of Open Spaces) Cattle were stinted to eleven head per common, those below two years of age only counting as half. J. R. Ravensdale (Liable to floods) 20. Very rare use: To assign a stint or a task to (a person) This work is performed by the field-workers of the farm, and they are placed or stented to the work, as it is termed, at every 2 rows. Henry Stephens (The book of the farm, vol. 1) 21. To make (a mare) copulate with a horse, in order to obtain its progeny. Postdefinition: it is usually employed in a passive construction Those mares which have foaled will be in season on the third day after; but it is not advisable to put them to the horse until the ninth, when they will probably be stinted. William Hamilton Maxwell (The field book) When a farmer wishes to obtain a good hunting- horse, a month later may be proper. “ɒut,” says Mr. ɒurke, “if his mare be thorough-bred, and he wish to take the chance of having a foal with some pretensions to running, then the earlier a mare is stinted the better. John Marius Wilson (The Rural cyclopedia) -) It may be construed with the preposition to before a noun designative of the horse: For those 7 years the fresh young mares, stinted to the best stallion that can be secured, will each produce, and bring up, a foal every year, and perform, at the same time, their part of the work with ease. Henry Stephens (The book of the farm, vol. 2) Various have been the measures resorted to, to stint mares to the horse, which have proved barren for several years, or perhaps never bred at all. William Hamilton Maxwell (The field book) ɑ mare, when [… sexually penetrated], is said to be covered by or stinted to a particular stallion. Henry Stephens (The farmer’s guide… ) Other English vocables derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of stint: unstinted, unstintedly, unstinting, unstintingly, stinted, stintedly, stintedness, stinter, stintage, stint (noun) Stoop Verb Pronunciation and accent: stu;p Etymology: from Old English stupian. Maybe it has the same origin as STEEP, adj. Preterite tense: stooped (stu;pt) Preterite participle: stooped (stu;pt) Present participle: stooping. Intransitively: First definition: of a person: to assume a stooping posture; this is, to bend forward and downward the upper part of the body, with a purpose, like to take up something, or to be nearer to it, etc.; this is, to bend oneself forward, or to bend forward either the trunk or the knee Synonym: to bend Antonyms: to straighten, rise, aspire Translation:agacharse, in Spanish; chinarsi, in Italian; se baisser, in French "Mr. Wilson," said our host, stooping to remove from beneath his feet an exceedingly luxurious cloak of rare furs, "Mr. Wilson, this is your property." Edgar Poe A traveller, portmanteau in hand, is discovered running towards the wharf at full speed. Suddenly, he makes a […] halt, stoops, and picks up something from the ground in a very agitated manner. Edgar Poe I continued my caresses, and, when I prepared to go home, the animal evinced a disposition to accompany me. I permitted it to do so; occasionally stooping and patting it as I proceeded. Edgar Poe A small spring of water presented itself to my view, and here, stooping, I bathed my hands and my head and neck. Edgar Poe We stripped the other lady who was a blonde, laid her across the bed, put pillows under her arse to elevate it, and Gabrielle stooping, licked her cunt Walter (My secret life) [When Nicholas] stooped to pick it up [the pen], Miss Squeers stooped also, and they knocked their heads together. Charles Dickens (Nicholas Nickleby) […] we stooped under a very low ruined brick archway in the wall of the fortress. William Macmichael (Journey from Moscow to Constantinople) Stooping under the branches hanging low with their fragrant burden, and stopping every moment to loosen the hold of some hindering thorn, I followed in the footsteps of my four-footed pioneers till I reached the lower end of the marsh that had kept me from entering on the upper side. Olive Miller (A Bird-Lover in the West) Your majesty will find but little comfort in our poor hut," said Marian, as they all stooped under the low door that [… possibilitated the] entrance to it. Joseph Cundall (Tales of the kings of England) Rounding a huge fallen mass of rock, which lay poised on the very edge of the precipice, they came suddenly on a ravine, or rift, in the face of the cliff above, on climbing a few paces up which, they discovered the low, arched mouth of a cave, whence issued a faint gleam of light, and an odour of smoke. His guide stooped under the projection of the cliff that hung over it, and let himself down through the narrow entrance. Thomas Lauder (Legendary Tales of the Highlands) -) With the preposition to, followed by a noun, designative of the purpose: Tartar was a rather large, strong, and fierce-looking dog, very ugly, […] who at this moment entered through the glass door, and posting directly to the rug, snuffed the fresh flowers scattered there. He seemed to scorn them as food; but probably thinking their velvety petals might be convenient as litter, he was turning round preparatory to depositing his tawny bulk upon them, when Miss Helstone and Miss Keeldar simultaneously stooped to the rescue. Charlotte Brontë (Shirley) -) With the preposition to, followed by a noun, to signify direction towards the thing implied in the noun: The deed was done, and the Prince of Orange, stooping to the ear of his next neighbor, as they sat at the council-board, whispered that they were now about to witness the commencement of the most extraordinary tragedy which had ever been enacted. John Motley (The Rise of the Dutch Republic) Ethelberta opened a letter from Picotee --now at Sandbourne again; and, stooping to the fire-light, she began to read. Thomas Hardy (The Hand of Ethelberta) He still lived. With glowing hands she cleared away the snow in which he was imbedded. She rubbed his temples; and, having melted water by putting snow into her hands, she stooped to him, and let it flow between his lips. Charles Dickens (Household Words) […] for as my spouse and I was sitting by a little table near the fire, I reached out my hand, as if I had intended to take a spoon which lay on the other side, and threw one of the candles off of the table; and then snatching it up, started up upon my feet, and stooped to the lap of my gown and took it in my hand. "Oh!" says I, "my gown's spoiled; the candle has greased it prodigiously." This [… caused] an excuse [… for] my spouse to break off the discourse for the present. Daniel Defoe (The Fortunate Mistress) -) With the preposition over, to signify direction towards the surface of the thing implied in the noun: She had stooped over the object, that now interested her, at the moment the exhausted lamp shot forth a feeble and a last ray. William Dunlap (Memoirs of a Water Drinker) […] my attention was attracted by a particular grave, one detached from the others […]. I stooped over it, and to my surprise read the following inscription in English: — “ɒeloved friend…” The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal, Part 3 The boy stooped over the clear streamlet which trickled without a murmur over the road. William Simms (The partisan) The old man, who was stooping over the fire toasting a piece of bread, looked round as he bantered Oliver thus. Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist) -) With the preposition from, followed by a noun, to signify support: “One word more, my son,” said his father, and whispered in Arthur's ear, as he stooped from the saddle; “if you receive a letter from me, do not think yourself fully acquainted with the contents till the paper has been held opposite to a hot fire.” Walter Scott (Anne of Geierstein) They also alight on the ground or on dry leaves, to look for food, after the trees become bare, and hop about with great nimbleness, going to the margins of the brooks to drink, and when unable to do so, obtaining water by stooping from the extremity of a twig hanging over the stream. James Audubon (Ornithological Biography) -) With the adverb down, it is a redundant construction: When he awoke, he found Kate sitting by his bedside, who, seeing that he had opened his eyes, stooped down to kiss him. Charles Dickens (Nicholas Nickleby) […] Nancy stooped down, picked up the pieces of paper which Cornbury had torn up. Frederick Marryat (Snarleyyow) Second definition: of a person: to stand or walk with the upper part of the body somewhat inclined forwards, with no purpose, either as being under a heavy weight or as being a habitual attitude He was singularly tall and thin. He stooped much. His limbs were exceedingly long and emaciated. Edgar Poe They recognised in him the same person whom they formerly knew, but they had heard he was daft; and they beheld him stooping forward, with his hands sillily hanging between his knees; and he appeared melancholy and helpless. John Galt (The Entail) Some persons of the same height, well-proportioned in other respects, would not be considered small men. But he stooped a little, and his neck was short, and he did not loom up very largely, nor look as if he could fight his physical battles well. The Knickerbocker, vol. 46 He was rather tall, stooped a little, had a pale visage. Alexander Ranken (The History of France) In walking he stooped a little, having contracted that habit from his constant search for plants and other objects. William MacGillivray (Lives of… Zoologists) I am mounted upon a wretched ass. I see another man before me upon a sprightly horse, at which I find some uneasiness. I look behind me and see numbers on foot stooping under heavy burdens, let me learn to pity their estate. Oliver Goldsmith (The Citizen of the World) Third definition: of a dog: to put its nose to the ground to find a scent. Fourth definition: (metaphorically) of a person: a. To behave submissively; to humble oneself. b. To suffer something resignadly -) With the preposition to, followed either by a noun, or by a verb in infinitive, to signify submission or resignation: Linny was naturally very humble — she had underrated herself in thinking that Vaughan had stooped to her; it was she had stooped to him. Catharine Crowe (Linny Lockwood) I would undergo the same penance, stoop to the same shame, for the same motive, and in the same cause. Edward Lytton (Rienzi) He must stoop to the apprenticeship before he aspires to the mastery. Edward Bulwer-Lytton (Pelham) Fifth definition: (metaphorically) of a person: to condescend to do something; to degrade oneself to something. -) With the preposition to, followed either by a noun, or by a verb in infinitive, to signify degradation: [Louis] never stooped to flattery. John Motley (The Rise of the Dutch Republic) […] he was chary of having any dealings with the Viceroy, not thinking it safe to trust himself to a man who had stooped to be an assassin. Edward D'Alton (History of Ireland) It is only the marvellous boys who come to London with epic poems, Anglo-Saxon tragedies, or metaphysical treatises in their portmanteaus, who must needs perish in their prime, or stoop to the drudgery of office or counting-house. Mary Braddon (Birds of Prey) The haughty Ayxa la Horra, whose pride rose with the decline of her fortunes, declared that as sultana-mother she would never consent that her son should stoop to the humiliation of kissing the hand of his conquerors. Washington Irving (Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada) […] she stooped from her solitary state to ask Fräulein Wolf to accompany her in her afternoon walk. Mary Braddon (The Golden Calf) Sixth definition: of a thing: to incline from the perpendicular; to slope The rocks and precipices which stooped down perpendicularly on our path on the right hand, exhibited a few remains of the wood. Walter Scott (Waverley novels) Seventh definition: of a bird of prey, like a hawk: to descend on its prey Synonyms: to pounce, swoop […] a hawk had just stooped from above to seize the yellow bird. Oliver Goldsmith (The Citizen of the World) -) With the preposition at, or (on) followed by the noun of the prey: I once beheld a hawk stoop on a wounded snipe, and carry it off before it had touched the ground. Edward Napier (Scenes and Sports in Foreign Lands) When a magpie is seen at a distance, a hawk is immediately to becast off. The magpie will take refuge in a bush the moment that he sees the falcon, and will remain there until the falcon arrives, with the hawk waiting on in the air. The magpie is to be driven from his retreat, and the hawk, if at a good pitch, will stoop at him as he passes to another bush. William Maxwell (The field book) At length one of the falcons had reached a pitch from which she ventured to stoop at the heron. Walter Scott (Betrothed) Transitively: First definition: to bend (the head, neck, knee) forward and downward Synonym: to duck The servants seeing their master in such danger, and being weaponless, not daring to interfere, ran home to arm themselves, and returned with spears and other weapons. When the bull saw that, he stooped his head between his legs. Walter Scott (The Miscellaneous Prose Works) From the fore-court […] Finlay was conducted round the end of the turretted keep of the castle, and brought to a low and narrow door in a wall, that was built from the corner of the keep to the outer wall; and having stooped his head, he entered in. John Galt (Spaewife) “ɑnd who is this?” said Henry, as Christopher Hamilton, richly dressed, stooped his knee before him at the entrance to the principal apartment. The Gipsey Bride Second definition: to cause or train (a dog) to stoop for a scent. Young fox-hounds must be first stooped to a vermin or strong scent, such as the martin cat, badger, or fox. John Mayer (The Sportsman's Directory) Derived from stoop: stoop (noun), stooped, stooper, stooping, stoopingly Style Verb Pronunciation and accent: staIl Etymology: from the English noun style, and this one from Latin stilus (= a stake or pale; pointed instrument for writing; style) Third-person singular simple present: she (he) styles Preterite tense, preterite participle: styled Present participle: styling. Transitively First definition: to designate (something or some one) with a style, title, predicate , or denomination; this is, to assign a verbal distinction to (an animated being or a thing); to refer to (her, him or it) by a name, style, or predicate Synonyms: to name, denominate, term, entitle, characterize, term Translation:denominar, in Spanish; denominare, in Italian; dénommer, in French. Though Spanish estilar, French styler, and Italian stilare, are etymologically identical, they differ in their signification from the English verb. -) Particular syntax: the predicate complement of the verb is now construe d without a preceding preposition, where, formerly, was preceded by the preposition with or for: […] I am by birth a Saxon, and not Norman as you have hitherto styled me. Pierce Egan (Robin Hood and Little John) […] in Bordeaux he was simply called Monsieur Rosa, whilst in the neighbourhoo d of his castle he was styled Monsieur le Marquis. Catherine Crowe (Susan Hopley) In the inscriptions, they are styled James IlL, Charles III, and Henry IX, kings of England. Benjamin Silliman (A visit to Europe) A great deal of “desultory conversation,” as it is styled, relative to the great topic of debate, now occurred. Benjamin Disraeli (Vivian Grey) I have no recollection that we were in any imminent danger at anytime, and the voyage might have been styled a prosperous one. Frederick Marryat (Travels and Adventures of Monsieur Violet) When the dissolved particles are thus recoverable again in an unaltered state, chemically considered, their solution may be styled simple. Campbell Morfit (Chemical and pharmaceutical manipulations) Vivian could not fail to be delighted with this beautiful work of art, for such indeed it should be styled. Benjamin Disraeli (Vivian Grey) The Spaniards, satisfied with what they had already witnessed, refused to comply with his request, but ever afterwards held their coats of mail in little esteem, and contemptuously styled them “Dutch Holland.” George Agar Hansard (The book of archery) We thought to have had wine at a more reasonable rate this session; but we languis h still under the want of the "universal panacea," or as a great physician styled it, " that to the body which manure is to trees." The New Monthly Magazine, vol. 99 -) Reflexively: “[…] she left you, […] for some one who styled himself a gentleman, Ned?” William Harrison Ainsworth (Mervyn Clitheroe) Mrs. Ellis had no scruples on this subject, and had styled herself an affectionate friend. Esther Copley (Early friendships) Frederic looked up, and found him to be a person whom he had occasionally seen in the streets of New-Orleans, and of whom, he had been told, little was known except that he styled himself Colonel Granby, of the British army. Maria Jane Mcintosh (Conquest and self-conquest) Timber and stone were furnished, and a number of hands were employed, under the direction of the self-styled engineer, in constructing the ponderous apparatus, which was erected on a solid platform of masonry. William H. Prescott (History of the conquest of Mexico) […] as he recollected the false intelligence which Mr. Manvers had received respecting Arthur’s meeting with the self-styled Captain Granby, it occurred to him that probably the report of his fracas with that veracious personage had been equally incorrect. Maria Jane Mcintosh (Conquest and self-conquest) Second definition: to pierce (something) with a stylet. This use is rare. Third definition: to make, construe, compose, prepare, contrive, arrange, etc. (something) in a particular style. […] the game is styled after early Nintendo games but functions quite differently. Mary Flanagan – Austin Booth (Re: skin) Anne felt on top of the world as she looked around the suite at the Hilton. Her hair had been styled by Sassoon, and her dress, coat, and shoes came from a madly expensive boutique in Sloane Street. A trace of French perfume was detectable in the air around her. Ken Follett… The Modigliani Scandal A frame that is beautifully styled is better simply dressed to allow its lines and design to prevail. Brad Mee (Bedrooms) They meet in a bar in 1974, when Anne is eighteen and her middlebrown hair shorter, more carefully styled. Kelly Braffet (Last Seen Leaving) […] The Call of Cthulhu is almost an experimental work, a silent black-and-white film that is styled after the films of the 1920s. Wheeler Winston Dixon (A history of horror) [I] discovered that my dream house was styled after an Italian villa, with tall windows, an expansive porch […] Shelly Reuben (Weeping) […] his hair was well styled and he lacked any facial hair. Vince Flynn (Transfer of Power) He stood up and walked briskly to the swinging doors, styled in the manner of Old West saloons. Bruce Jay Friedman (The Collected Short Fiction) At the opposite end of the room, another woman sat, covered in her purple veil. As Livia approached, she lowered her veil, revealing her face and hair, styled in the manner of Venus. Cecilia Tan (Wicked Pleasures) -) Particularly: to dress (hair) in a fashionable style Other English vocables derived from Latin stilus: style (noun), styled, styleless, styler, stylet, styliferous, styliform, styline, styling, stylish, stylishly, stylishness, stylism, stylist, hair-stylist, stylistic, stylistical, stylistically, stylistician, stylize, stylization, stylograph, stylographic, stylographical, stylographically, styloid, cyclostyle Subversive Adjective Pronunciation and accent: səbv3;sIv Etymology: derived from the Latin verb subvertere (= to subvert). It is etymologically and semantically identical to Spanish subversivo, French subversif, and Italian sovversivo. Subvertere it is analysable into these Latin elements: sub(prefix with semantic implication of “under”) vertere (= to turn). Definition: (predicated either of a thing, or of a person) that subverts; tending to cause subversion; causing, or tending to cause invalidation or discontinuity of something, either corporeal or incorporeal, through contrariety of forces, powers, opinions, etc. Antonyms: invigorating, energizing, exciting Synonyms: overpowering, invalidating Whether it was the salt or the mustard, or the mere combination of so many subversive agents, as soon as the last had been poured over his throat, the young sufferer obtained relief. Robert Louis Stevenson (The Dynamiter) -) With the preposition of, immediately or mediately followed by its object (a noun), which is designative of the thing invalidated: Out of school, he could not help feeling that the boy had not been very far wrong, however subversive of authority his behaviour had been. George MacDonald (Alec Forbes of Howglen) Without consulting any other authors, we have here four conceptions of attraction distinct from each other, and entirely subversive of each other. Felix O’Gallagher (An essay on the investigation…) The mind is not represented as conceiving two propositions subversive of each other, as equally possible. H. L. Mansel (The Philosophy of the Conditioned) […] a belief which it has been pronounced is subversive of my whole theory. Charles Darwin (The Origin of Species) Without a word I rose, pressed my baby to my bosom as if her mother had been left a widow, and swept away. Percivale started to his fe et. I did not see, but I knew he gazed after me for a moment; then I heard him sit down to his painting as if nothing had happened […]. For me, I found the precipice, or Jacob's ladder, I had to climb, very subversive of my dignity; for when a woman has to hold a baby in one arm, and with the hand of the other lift the front of her skirt in order to walk up an almost perpendicular staircase, it is quite impossible for her to “sweep” any more. George MacDonald (The Vicar's Daughter) Some remarks of Majendie and others may seem subversive of my theory. Alexander Philip (A treatise on the nature and cure…) You know already, that, on the road, I had the good fortune to encounter Emily and her uncle: and the result of that meeting, you perceive, was completely subversive of my emigrating plan. Sarah Burney (Tales of fancy) To know, or remember, other English words composed with, or derived from, stems of Latin vertere: see INTROVERT, in this work. Sulk Intransitive verb Pronunciation: sVlk Etymology: of uncertain origin. It is etymologically related to sulky. Present third person singular: she/he sulks Preterite tense, preterite participle: sulked Present participle: sulking Definition: a. To become sulky (morose, sullen); to be moodily silent; to manifest illhumour through a vocal abstinence rather than through inveighing. b. To manifest anger against someone, or, merely annoyance in consequence of an act or omission of hers or his, by eschewing the communication (mainly the talk) with her/him. Translation:bouder, in French; imbronciarsi, in Italian; hacer mala cara, in Spanish. Synonyms: be in a huff, pout, be sullen, mope, be disgruntled, scowl, frown, glower, look glum Antonyms: to smile, exult, sing, giggle, titter, snigger, snicker, sniggle A piece of banana, of which fruit he [chimpanzee] is very fond, was offered him by his keeper through the bars of the cage, and withdrawn as he approached to receive it. At first he sulked with pouted lips, and then uttered prolonged squeaks, drawing the upper lip tensely over the upper row of teeth. As the keeper essayed to go away with the banana, he became angry. Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery, vol. 6 -) With the preposition with (implying reciprocity), followed by a noun designative of the person who is the cause of one’s sulk and the object of one’s grimace of annoyance (one’s retaliative silence, etc.): Don’t sulk with me. John Bennett (Barnaby Lee) The morning-room or boudoir, or whatever you please to call it,' I returned, 'is for young Mrs. Chudleigh's use when she has sulked with her husband. Rosa Nouchette Carey (Only the governess) “I will ride your horse with pleasure,” she said, in answer to Mr. Rolfe, and Derrick looked vexed, and sulked with her because he was not able to offer her his own mare. Anna Steele (Broken toys) -) With the preposition at (implying direction), followed by a noun designative of the person who is the cause of one’s sulk and the object of one’s grimace of annoyance (one’s retaliative silence, etc.): She sulked at me when she saw me, and refused to speak. ɒallou’s monthly magazine, vol. 33 Primula […] sulked at Hetty, as if Hetty had been the aggressor. Charles Dickens (All the Year Round, vol. 12) […] he was angry, and I was angry; and first we quarrelled, and then we sulked at each other. Margaret Oliphant (The quiet heart) They were sulking at one another now. Henry Kingsley (Silcote of Silcotes) -) With the preposition at, followed either by a noun or by a gerund, designative of the cause: I've been learning my lessons, too,--they were long and hard and I sulked at some of them, but I'm more tractable new. Elia Wilkinson Peattie (The Precipice) When [it was] the time for him to leave, and he announced that the driver of his hired car had been instructed to return for him, there was protest, loud and earnest, from the Briskows, father and son. Buddy actually sulked at being denied the pleasure of driving his hero to town in the new car […] Rex Beach (Flowing Gold) The whole task of making this journey to Lydford successful devolved, therefore, upon Mrs. Llewellyn, for her lord and husband had entered his protest against the expedition, and was already sulking at having been forced to join the party. Frederick Robinson (Milly’s hero, vol. III) -) With the preposition about, followed by a noun designative of the cause: […] they didn’t like his marrying her, and they sulked about it, and they treated her badly. Justin McCarthy (The comet of a season) […] he asked us to dinner, and he was, I fancied, more than polite to my wife, and I sulked about it when we got home, and she petted and caressed me, and we were better friends than ever. Charles James Lever (A Day's Ride) “What are you sulking about?” mother and grandmother used to ask me; and it made me feel awkward when they asked this question, for I was not angry with them –it was simply that every one in the house had become a stranger to me. Maxim Gorky (My childhodd) -) With the preposition over, followed by a noun designative of the cause: […] ɑurelius refused to procure his empress a silken robe because of the extravagant price and the bad example. Doubtless she pouted or sulked over the refusal […] Report, ɑnnual Report… Pennsylvania Ah, I knew I was doing the best thing for you when I sent you to your Aunt. Do you remember how you sulked over it, Rhoda? Annette Lyster (The invasion of Ivylands) I searched every available portion of my clothing, pulled my pockets inside out, but with no good result; [… the card] was not to be found. Then I sat down and sulked over it; what a fool I was not to have read the name and address before putting it away! The Argosy, vol. 30 Other English words derived from sulk and sulky: sulker, sulking, sulk (noun), sulkily, sulkiness _surfeit_ Verb. Accent: surfeit. Etymology: from the noun SURFEIT, from Middle French sourfait, participle of sourfaire (= overdo), from sour-, (= sur-) + faire (= to make, do), from Latin facere. Transitively: 1. To feed with excess; overfeed. Hence: to sicken or to cause to become indisposed by overfeeding. Synonyms: to cloy, overfeed. Translation: remplir avec de la nourriture, in French; hartar, in Spanish; satollare, in Italian. The author […] says, that the people on board the Centurion thought it prudent to abstain from fish, as the few which they caught at their first arrival surfeited those who eat of them. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels, Vol. 12 In those beautiful mountains we surfeited ourselves on the rich meats and fruits there abounding. Thomas Farnham… Adventures in California -) Participle: The flesh is very tender, palatable, and wholesome; but it is very cloying: every one ends, sooner or later, by becoming thoroughly surfeited. Henry ɒates… Naturalist on the River Amazons "If thou speak sooth, sit down and eat before us." So he came forward and tried to eat, but could not eat […] "I am surfeited since yesterday." Richard ɒurton… Thousand Nights and a Night 2. Metaphor: to excite displeasure in (a person) with the superabundance of something. A few weeks ago there was nothing that I liked so well as an adventure, but now I am surfeited, and would fain enjoy a respite. William Thomes… The gold hunters’ adventures Of Vesuvius in its milder moods I never had a high opinion; and, though I should have liked to tread the unburied streets of Pompeii, yet Rome has nearly surfeited me with ruins. Horace Greeley… Glances at Europe But though the sailors, surfeited with eating and drinking ashore, did not then touch the salt beef and potatoes which the black cook handed down into the forecastle; and though this left the whole allowance to me; to my surprise, I found that I could eat little or nothing; for now I only felt deadly faint, but not hungry. Herman Melville… Redburn Intransitively: 1. Archaic: a. To gratify oneself excessively. b. In particular: to eat or drink with excess. 2. Rare and archaic: a. To suffer the consequence of excess. b. In particular: to become sick or indisposed by overeating. -) With the preposition of, on, upon: … human beings are just as liable to surfeit of labour as to surfeit of meat. ɛohn Ruskin… Unto this Last One great advantage that the carrot has over most other roots is, that, I never knew a beast to surfeit upon them, to refuse them, or to tire of them. Feargus O'Connor… Small Farms We have explored the wilderness, fished in the ɒlack Fork of Cheat… , surfeited on trout… Harper's Magazine, vol. 8 Words derived from SURFEIT: surfeiter, surfeiting. _surmise_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: s ːmaɪz. Preterite tense: surmised. Preterite participle: surmised. Present participle: surmising. Etymology: from Old French surmise, participle of surmettre (= to accuse), maybe from Latin supermittere (= to throw upon), from super- + mittere (= to throw). Transitively: obsolete and pristine value: 1. To allege (something) against someone. 2. Obsolete: to devise or contrive. 3. To conclude (something) without certainty or on slight evidence; to infer conjecturally; to conceive a notion of, without proof; to imagine (a fact), with little or no experiential knowledge about it. Synonyms: to suppose, conjecture, guess. Translation: supposer, in French; suponer, in Spanish; supporre, in Italian. I know that you must speak whatever you may know or surmise. Thomas Serle… The Players Fred noticed the expression of my face, and must have surmised my feelings, for he grasped my arm, and whispered hoarsely. William Thomes… The gold hunters’ adventures Rose surmised a joke, and he tried to enjoy it. William Howells… The March Family Trilogy The Indians gazed at these mysterious plates with wondering eyes, but surmised their purport. Washington Irving… The Student's Life of Washington He enquired if there was nothing he could do for her, and she said no. He surmised what had happened and concluded he could find out all about it at Patterson's. ɑllan Pinkerton… The Expressman and the Detective Bomb-ketches and flat-bottomed boats were getting ready for sea, as were two sloops-of-war, which were to convey the armament. Its destination was kept secret; but was confidently surmised by Washington. Washington Irving… The Student's Life of Washington An hypothesis, in science, usually means a supposition not proved to be true, but surmised to be so. ɛohn Mill… A System of Logic The editor and translator of this piece (whom we should have surmised to be Dr. Bowring, had he not confessed his ignorance of the Polish tongue) tells us, that in his journey through Poland… The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany, vol. 2 -)With the preposition “from” + noun by which the premise is designated: The travellers were closely wrapped in fur, but it was evident that they belonged to the more respectable class of peasantry from the peculiar manner in which their hats were decorated. The same might have been surmised from the character of the vehicle in which they were pursuing their journey. ɛohn Frost… The panorama of nations As will be surmised from the above, Bess was large and masculine- looking, but well-proportioned nevertheless. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches No one replied to this insinuation; but that Philip Oswald heard it, might have been surmised from the sudden flush that rose to his temples. ɛane Mcintosh… Annie Donaldson Intransitively: to make a surmise, or conjecture. "You have surmised correctly," said Seaforth. "I don't know that I want to." Harold ɒindloss… Alton of Somasco Words derived from the verb SURMISE: surmise, surmising, surmisable, surmiseable. To learn or remember other words derived from Latin mittere, see REMISS. _tally_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: tælɪ. Etymology: from the noun TALLY, and this one from Latin talea (= stick, cutting from a plant, rod). Preterite tense: tallied. Preterite participle : tallied. Present participle: tallying. Transitively: 1. Obsolete acceptation: to notch (something) so as to form a tally. Hence, to register on or as on a tally. Particularly: a. To register or cause to be registered (a score, point, etc.) in a game, etc. b. To register the contents of (a cargo) by counting, labelling them, etc. The second mate was expected to assist the first mate in supervising the stowing of cargo, and he tallied the cargo entering one hatch while the mate tallied the cargo at the other hatch. Eric Sager… Seafaring Labour c. To distinguish (a bale of goods, etc.) with a tally or laber; to identify by or as by a tally A portion of the contents of the despatches were made known to him, and the syndic was very soon afterwards seen to walk out, leaving his people to mark and tally the bales which were hoisting out from a vessel in the canal. Frederick Marryat… Snarleyyow Not long after we had dined, the food-bringing was over. The gifts (carefully noted and tallied as they came in) were now announced by a humorous orator, who convulsed the audience, introducing singing notes, now on the name of the article, now on the number; six thousand odd heads of taro, three hundred and nineteen cooked pigs. Robert Stevenson… Vailima Letters Second definition: to count or reckon, to number (sometimes with up) Once the subcontractor costs are tallied, the general contractor adds his or her work, overhead charges, and specific costs incurred, suitably backed by invoices from suppliers or payroll records, and the total cost of construction for the month is tallied. Stuart Rider (Idiot's Guide…) The Party did everything from disqualifying suspected opposition voters to hacking into the computers that tallied the results. Stuart Cohen (The Army of the Republic) […] she decided to spend even more [makeup] on others than she did on herself, and she began keeping an account of what she spent. She kept every receipt and tallied up the totals every night in one of her ledgers. Michelle Hancock (Lost) A chairman presided, who stood and called the house to order. He had a clerk assistant who checked and verified his every move. He officially unlocked the box, and the count began. He pulled a single ballot from the box, unfolded it, and began reading the names. Two recorders tallied the outcome, a separate tally for each. Jimmye Hillman (Hogs, Mules, and Yellow Dog) Third definition: to cause (one or more things) to tally; to cause to fit Intransitively: (Of a thing) to be fitted to another, as if it were one half of a cloven tally with its counterpart; to be suitably coupled with another; (of two things) to be so mutually similar as to be suitably coupled together Antonyms: to contrast, discord, differ Synonyms: to suit, to match, conform Translation:concordar, in Spanish; concordare, in Italian; concorder, in French. The description and the memorandum tallied exactly. Catherine Crowe (Susan Hopley) -) With the preposition with, to signify conformity with another thing : Requesting the miner to accompany him to the hotel, Manning interrogated him closely about the appearance of the man, and found that he was [… veridical], as his description of Duncan tallied precisely with what he himself had already learned. Allan Pinkerton (The Burglar's) "My valet is not going to leave me," said the old man, with an insolence of look that tallied with the rude speech. Charles Lever (Roland Cashel) The lady was still down on her knees, looking at the list of clothing pasted on the inside of the lid of one of her husband's bullock trunks, and seeing whether the different articles scattered on the ground tallied in number with it. Henry Mayhew – Augustus Mayhew (The image of his father) My secret intelligence tallied very well with what I observed. ɛames ɑbbott (… ɛourney from Heraut to ɜhiva, vol. 1) The description of this person exactly tallied with that of the pretended American. Edward Bulwer-Lytton (A Strange Story) The certificates were regularly signed as extracts from the parish books, the first letter had a genuine appearance of having been written and preserved for some years, the handwriting of the second tallied with it exactly, (making proper allowance for its having been written by a person in extremity,) and there were several other corroboratory scraps of entries and memoranda which it was equally difficult to question. Charles Dickens (Nicholas Nickleby) Derived from tally: tallying, tallyman, tallywoman _tattle_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: tæt(ə)l. Etymology: of imitative origin. Preterite tense: tattled. Preterite participle: tattled. Present participle: tattling. Intransitively: 1. Obsolete acceptation: to talk in a childish manner; to stammer; to prattle as a child does. 2. To talk idly or inopportunely with many words; to behave as a tattler. Specially: to talk idly, mischiviously, or inopportunely about an absent person, or about a private subject or a secret concerning another person. Synonyms: to chatter, babble, prate; to chat, gossip. Translation: parler indiscrètementr, in French; hablar indiscretamente, in Spanish; pettegolare, in Italian. There were other towns in England, no doubt, where dwelt the widows and wives of other navy captains; where they tattled, loved each other, and quarrelled; talked about Betty the maid, and her fine ribbons indeed! William Thackeray… Roundabout Papers You've no business sneaking about in the woods, disturbing us [], and spying on us and tattling about us. Go away. You know too much now. Melvin Hix… The Magic Speech Flower Also he had established for himself an alibi of a kind, if ever he should be accused of tattling about affairs in the cabin. Charles Hawes… The Mutineers Transitively: To utter or say (something, as a secret) by tattling. He would consider that she had been tattling secrets just because she could not hold her tongue, and she resented in advance his attitude. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Lookout Man Words derived from the verb TATTLE: tattlement, tattling, tattler. _tarry_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: tærI. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Third-person singular simple present: she/he tarries. Preterite tense, preterite participle: tarried. Present participle: tarrying. Intransitively: 1. (The subject being an unanimated being) to be tardy in going, advancing, etc. Synonyms: to retard, delay. Antonyms: to hasten, hurry, accelerate, speed, flit. […] the waters cannot tarry long in their passage, but must precipitately run towards the plane, level grounds, […] Charles Lucas… An essay on waters 2. (The subject being an animated being) to be tardy or dilatory in beginning or doing anything; this is, to wait before doing something (specified either by a infinitive construction or a gerundival one, the preposition in preceding the gerund). Synonyms: to delay, linger, loiter. Antonyms: to hasten, hurry, accelerate, speed. Translation: tardar, in Spanish; s’attarder, in French; tardare, in Italian. […] one learned how Comandante Montilla tarried in going to the relief of Xuxub. Paul Sullivan… Xuxub Must Die She was […] on the eve of taking her departure, and only tarrying to consider in what direction next to bend her steps. George Reynolds… The parricide 'And why hast thou hitherto concealed from me this secret? Why hast thou waited till the eve of the Athenian's condemnation before thou hast ventured to tell me that Arbaces is a murderer? And having tarried so long, why revealest thou now that knowledge?' Edward Bulwer-Lytton… The Last Days of Pompeii Third definition: (the subject being an animated being) to be tardy or dilatory in going or coming, by staying in a place beyond the usual o expected time Synonyms: to delay, linger, loiter Antonyms: to hasten, hurry, accelerate, speed, hustle, expedite, precipitate Translation:tardar, in Spanish; s’attarder, in French; ritardare, in Italian. […] they entered, and found her awaiting their coming with deep anxiety. […] “Maude, Maude, why have you tarried thus?” she cried, as her maid entered. Pierce Egan (Robin Hood and little John) The day had been misty throughout, and while we thus tarried for a space, fine snow commenced to fall thickly, and obscure our path; increasing heavily as we continue d on our way. The New Monthly Magazine The next morning, contrary to our discipline, we tarried rather longer in dormitory, to bathe the stiffness from our wearied limbs in luxurious repose; but work was to be accomplished, and before noon we had crossed the Ickleton way (the ancient road), and commenced the ascent of the precipitous chalk hill, upon the summit of which is the very perfect Roman camp, called Uffingdon Castle. The wanderings of a pen and pencil, by F. P. Palmer "The lazy hounds, why tarry they?" Walter Scott (The Betrothed) She hath cried herself ill, and must tarry in bed where is naught to divert her grief. Is it not better to keep afoot and be of use to others, at least? Jane Goodwin Austin (Standish of Standish) […] Erica tarried in bed as long as she could […] to avoid meeting her father. Janet Dailey (Sweet Promise) [Harriet] arose at her usual time; tarrying in bed […] was not her custom. Linda L. Rice (Southern Exposure) Fourth definition: (the subject being an animated being) to be stationary in expectation of a person, or until something is done or occurs. Hence, to be in expectation, even if not stationarily Synonyms: to wait, bide Having made one hundred and fifty-nine prisoners, among whom were three officers, Lee commenced his retreat, without tarrying to destroy either barracks or artillery. Washington Irving (The Student's Life of Washington) "Tarry a while, for I have something to tell thee which must not be lightly spoken in the presence of others since it concerns me and thee only." Doris Hayman (The Children's Longfellow) -) Special syntax: a. With the preposition for (the object of the wait) The hostess […] tarried for me at the top of her little staircase. Marie Catherine Aulnoy (The lady’s travels into Spain) I found on the other side of this river a banker […], to whom I was recommende d: he tarried for me, with two of his relations: they were clothed after the French manner. Marie Catherine Aulnoy (The lady’s travels into Spain) […] the elect knew that these delays betokened the presence of an artistic conscience in the kitchen, and that the food was worth tarrying for. Harry Leon Wilson (The Spenders) He did not tarry for an answer, but continued his way with rapid strides through various courts and alleys, till he came at length into a narrow, dark, and damp gallery, that seemed cut from the living rock. Edward Bulwer Lytton (Leila) Mr. Washington asked for one who could cut a five-pointed star. He was told of Betsy Ross, the humble dressmaker, and her skill. He accordingly visited her and she designed the Stars and Stripes. He could not have tarried for her to learn. Frank H. Leavell (Training in Stewardship) b. With the preposition till or until (the occurrence expected): “Stay! Job […],” cried the housekeeper; and he tarried till she unbarred the gate. Lloyd’s penny weekly miscellany […] he heard a voice in the corridor calling on his name; and presently there was a knock at the door without. “Are you there, signor?” said the clear tones of Maestro Paolo. Glyndon hastily reclosed and replaced the vial, and bidding Paolo await him in his own apartment, tarried till he heard the intruder’s steps depart. Edward Bulwer Lytton (Zanoni) He folded his long arms and ranged himself patiently alongside Billy. And Billy, regarding him uneasily, felt convinced that though he tarried until the sun returne d Mr. Dill would stand right there and wait. B. M. Bower (The Long Shadow) c. With the preposition on or upon (the object of the wait) Scottish construction. […] he tarried on me for other hose and cloaths, and his riding cloak and sword, which I gave him. Hugh Campbell (The love letters of Mary) Fifth definition: (the subject being an animated being) to stay or continue, in quality of visitor or guest, in a place that is not one’s own; this is, to remain in other place than one’s own house, apartment, habitat, city, etc. Synonyms: to sojourn, abide Antonyms: to leave, go, depart, be off, move on Our destination was for the city of Euphremia, in Calabria, where we had some business to transact, and where we designed to tarry for some time. Oliver Goldsmith (A history of the earth) […] we found a solitary house where ham and coffee were procurable; and there we tarried to wait the advent of the boat, which would come in sight from the green before the door, a long way off. Charles Dickens (American Notes for General Circulation) In less than twenty-four hours almost all the passengers had got on board some other boats, but those who had been invited by Mr Courtenay tarried a few days with us, for we were on the eve of a great fishing party on the lake, which in the Far-West is certainly a very curious scene. Frederick Marryat (Travels and Adventures of Monsieur Violet) At the Interior Department we tarried but a few minutes after informing the Secretary that we were submitting no bids that year in his division, but allowe d ourselves to be drawn out as to the why and wherefore. Andy Adams (Reed Anthony) […] when we came to Spezzia, we found that the Magra, an unbridged river on the high-road to Pisa, was too high to be safely crossed in the Ferry Boat, and were fain to wait until the afternoon of next day, when it had, in some degree, subsided. Spezzia, however, is a good place to tarry at; by reason, firstly, of its beautiful bay; secondly, of its ghostly Inn; thirdly, of the head-dress of the women, who wear, on one side of their head, a small doll’s straw hat, stuck on to the hair. Charles Dickens (Pictures from Italy) It was nearly noon when he reached again the sheep camp, and the Swede hospitably urged him to stay and eat with him; but Happy Jack would not tarry, for he was anxious to reach the camp of the Flying U. Bertha Muzzy Bower (The Happy Family) […] it was to them merely a mart where they brought their fruits to sell, and where they tarried for a few hours at most, leaving the streets still silent, the houses still asleep. Oscar Wilde (Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime) Their courtly politeness to each other at the hotels where they tarry is the theme of general admiration. Charles Dickens (Bleak house) S[…] Antonio at this time was a frontier village, with a mixed population, the Mexican being the most prominent inhabitant. There was much to be seen which was new and attractive to the young Easterner, and he tarried in it several days, enjoying its novel and picturesque life. Andy Adams (Cattle Brands) It did not take a long time to exhaust the interest of Bassano, but we were sorry to leave the place because of the excellence of the inn at which we tarried. William Dean Howells (Italian Journeys) -) Sometimes, almost abusively, it is used for “to be”: A brown-skinned young fellow with country manners and a range-fostered disposition to talk with any one who tarried within talking distance, was jus t unloading his tray load of provender on the opposite side of the table. B. M Bower (Starr, of the Desert) Transitively: First definition (obsolete): to cause to tarry or stay (an animated being); to delay, retard. Second definition (obsolete): to delay (an action, etc.), retard. Third definition: to be in expectation of; to wait for. Synonyms: to await, expect I pressed him, when he called this morning, to tarry your coming; but, […] he is diffident, and not yet accustomed to mix freely with strangers. Edward Bulwer Lytton (Devereux) You tarry her return, master Brown? Mrs S. C. Hall (The Outlaw) But Isora herself never heard the name of this Barnard mentioned without a visible confusion, which galled me to the heart; and at length, unable to endure any longer my suspense upon the subject, I resolved to seek from her own lips its termination. I long tarried my opportunity; it was one evening that coming rather unexpectedly to the cottage, I was informed by the single servant that Don Diego had gone to the neighbouring town, but that Isora was in the garden. Edward Bulwer-Lytton (Devereux) Other English vocables derived from tarry: tarriance, tarrier, tarry (noun), tarrying, tarryingly Temporize Verb Pronunciation and accent: tEmpəraIz Third-person singular simple present: she/he temporizes Preterite tense, preterite participle: temporized Present participle: temporizing. Etymology: it is an adaptation from French temporiser (= to be dilatory to do something with the hope either that it shall be better done in other time, or shall be no done at all), from Latin tempus (= time). Intransitively: First definition - Obsolete: to be dilatory to do something, with the hope either that it shall be better done in other time, or shall be not done at all; to delay. Antonyms: to hasten, hurry, accelerate, speed I dare say you have often observed this disposition to temporize, or to procrastinate, in people who are labouring under any very poignant sorrow. Edgar Allan Poe There was something in Alderling's tone and manner that made me, instead of answering directly that I did not [think that it happened], temporize and ask, "Why?" William Dean Howells (Questionable Shapes) [He] in humble phrase begged a copy, and required from me "Ijazah" or permission to act as master. The former request was granted without hesitation, about the latter I preferred to temporize: he then owned himself my pupil, and received, as a well-mer ited acknowledgment of his services, a pencil and a silk turban. Richard F. Burton (First footsteps in East Africa) If any one were to ask me which was the most beautiful church in Rome I should temporize, and perhaps I should end by saying that there was none. William Dean Howells (Roman H…) Second definition: (of someone who is antagonizing with someone else in a crisis or dispute) to concede or parley, as a secret method either of prolonging the crisis (or dispute) and preparing a counterattack (or defense), or of retarding (or preventing) its consequence; to comply with a person’s wish, request, condition, only to humor him temporarily Translation:temporeggiare, in Italian; temporizer, in French; contemporizar, in Spanish The Natches, justly indignant at such treatment, then entered into a conspiracy to destroy their invaders and to temporize in order to gain time. To this end they offered to pay tribute to the commandant, on condition that he would suffer them to remain till they could gather their harvest, which offer was readily accepted. Henry Trumbull (History of the Indian wars) Their policy was now to temporize –to gain time- to work upon the fears of the Court and on its gratitude. The London quarterly review, 107-110 “Warrant?” He sounded surprised. “I haven’t any warrant.” He was temporizing now, to gain time. “You’ve got me confused with somebody else, I’m afraid.” L. W. Emerson (Cimarron Bend) Hamilton, obeying the spirit at least, if not the letter, of the king’s instructions to temporise and delude, promised them that he would call both a general assembly and a parliament for the redress of all grievances. George L. Craik (A pictorial history of England) If I mistake not, it will shortly behoove this country to temporize, to make certain concessions. Whether those concessions extend so far as to cede these three States back to Mexico, I cannot hazard a prediction. B. M Bower (Starr, of the Desert) […] their deliberations are never in concert, […]; one vanquishes, and the other submits; neither party temporizes, and commonly each is unhappy. Frances (Fanny) Burney (Cecilia) Under pressure Patton temporized, conceding that “When I made the comparison of so vile a thing as Nazism with political parties, I was unfortunate in the selection of analogies.” Carolyn Woods Eisenberg (Drawing the line) In relinquishing their hold of the Affghanistan states, from the dread of compromis ing their relations with the wily potentate of the Indus, the British Government in India were only acting upon that system of temporizing, conceding, and shunning present danger. Eliakim Littell (The museum of foreign literature…) This seems to be the reason why he showed such a disposition to retreat, and not always with a scholar’s honour, whenever he was severely pressed by a learned adversary whose strength ke knew: he temporized –he explained – he conceded – he retreated from the lists. The Gentleman’s magazine, v. 167 The alternative was a matter of necessity as well as prudence, and he choose it: unable to resist effectively, he resolved to temporize. ɛames Wills (Lives of… Irishmen) He acquainted Henry, that the best service he could do him would be to gain time, and divide the rebels among themselves, by soothing them in their complaints. Though this advice was not agreeable to Henry’s disposition, yet he was forced to temporize. William Guthrie (A general history of Scotland) The king, snatching up half a sheet of paper, wrote down in few words the conditions on which he was willing to make peace. The whole was contained in about ten lines. He sent this off to Vienna by a courier, demanding a definitive answer within twelve days. The Austrian ministers were absolutely out of breath at the idea; they wished to temporize, to delay. But Maria Theresa, with the promptitude of her character, decided at once; she accepted the terms. Anna Jameson (Memoirs of Celebrated Female Sovereigns) -) With the preposition with, before a noun or a pronoun designative either of the person whose wish, request, or condition is complied with, or of the person with whom the temporizer is parleying: An artful […] despot would have temporized with the deputies, and yielded for the time, with the purpose of afterwards recovering, at a fitting period, whatever point he might at present be obliged to cede. Walter Scott (Prose Works) He now affected to offer pardon to the leaders of the insurrection, temporized with the confederates, and, breaking up his camp, returned by forced marches to the capital. Thomas Roscoe (The tourist in France) [The body of banditti] demanded a compensation, and threatened if they had it not, they would return to their old trade. Don Alonso temporized with them a little, till a body of horse fell into their rear, and then caused them to be surrounded and cut to pieces. George Sale (An universal history) De Lacy led his troops into Ulster, and coming to an engagement with De Courcy, was obliged to retreat with loss. But he, soon becoming conscious of the impossibility of resisiting the power of the English troops, which he knew must gradually collect into a force beyond the utmost of his means, resolved to temporized with his enemies. ɛames Wills (Lives of… Irishmen) [Sforza] dexterously temporized with this new government, and accepted the command of its forces. The Family library (Harper), v. 44 Scindia played the double part, so agreeable to eastern politics; and temporized with Holkar till he felt assured of a favourable adjustment of the subjects of difference between him and the British state. James Mill (The history of British India) Wilkin found means to strengthen the defences and revictual the garrison which was summoned to surrender: the wily Fleming temporized with the messenger and became suspected of treason. Reuben Percy – John Timbs (The mirror of literature) -) With the preposition between (to denote the opposite parties with which the temporizer is either parleying or conceding) They temporized between the opposing parties, delaying as much as possible the absolute decision of the matter. The North American review, v. 60 [Maxwell] had, from first to last, in the course of the negotiations for peace and marriage, temporized between the rights and liberties of Scotland the tyrannical pretensions of England. James Taylor (The pictorial history of Scotland) Other English vocables derived from temporize: temporizer, temporization, temporizing, temporizingly Other English vocables derived from, or compounded with one of the radicals of tempus: contemporaneous, contemporaneity, contemporaneously, contemporaneous, contemporarily, contemporariness, contemporary, contemporize, contretemps, detemporize, detemporalize, extempore, extemporal, extemporaneous, extemporaneously, extemporaneousness, extemporary, extemporarily, extemporariness, extempore, extemporization, extemporize, extemporized, extemporizer, extemporizing, printanier, temper (noun, verb), temperable, temperability, temperament (noun, verb), temperamented, temperamenting, temperamental, temperamentalist, temperamentally, temperance, temperate, temperately, temperateness, temperative, temperature, tempered, temperer, tempering, temperish, temperless, tempest (noun, verb), tempested, tempesting, tempestive, tempestively, tempestuous, tempestuously, tempestousness, temporal, tempo, temporality, temporalize, temporally, temporalness, temporaneous, temporaneously, temporaneousness, temporarily, temporariness, temporary, tense, tensed, tenseless, tenselessness, attemper, distemper, tamper, attemperament, attemperate, attemperating, attemperation, attemperator, attempered, distemper (noun, verb), distempering, distempered, distemperedly, distemperedness, distemperer, tamper, tampered, tampering, tamperer, tampering, tamperproof, untemporary, untempestuous, untempested, untemper, untempered, untempering, intemporal, intemporally, intempestive, intempestively, intemperateness, intemperately, intemperate, intemperance, intemperament, temple (maybe) _tender_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: t ndə(r). Etymology: from French tender (= offer, hold out), and this one from Latin tendĕre (= to stretch, hold forth; tender). Third-person singular simple present: tenders. Preterite tense: tendered. Preterite participle : tendered. Present participle: tendering. 1. To hold out (the hand or something held in the hand) to someone for acceptance. Particularly, to make a tender of. Synonyms: to proffer, offer. Translation: tender, in Spanish; presentare, in Italian; présenter, in French. Confused, degraded, yet gratified and relieved, Mrs Belmour wept her thanks, but protested that she should insist on the Colonel's receiving back the sum which he had so kindly advanced, by instalments; and instantly she tendered him a small sum, which he, from policy, accepted. ɑmelia Opie… Simple tales “I am very sorry that my daughter should have been the cause of your losing your train," he began. Derrick tendered his card. ɑnna Steele… Broken toys […] he tendered to Mr. Scruby for his approval the four slips of paper which have been mentioned. Anthony Trollope… Can you forgive her? […] he tendered him a copy of his journal written by himself, reserving the original notes. John Pinkerton… Voyages and travels… […] when her purchases were completed, and she tendered a note to pay for them, the man who had served her, and who had scribbled the amount on a scrap of paper, said, "If you'll walk backwards and show this at the desk, they'll hand you the difference." Catherine Crowe… Susan Hopley She tendered him her hand, which he pressed rapturously to his lips. George Reynolds… The Mysteries of London I ascended the stairs, and tendered my ticket to a gentleman who stood behind a greenbaize table on the first landing. Frederick Robinson… The house of Elmore We will not stop to detail the weary journey of Felix to the place of his destination. His unique appearance excited considerable attention where he went, at the same time so wretched that the simplehearted people freely offered him their hospitalities, and occasionally tendered him money. Thurlow Brown… Why I Am a Temperance Man 2. To present verbally (a formality) to someone, that he may accept it. Synonyms: to proffer, address, offer, advance. It is now well known that Sir Charles Napier has tendered the resignation of his command in India, but it is not known why. The Indian News To the following gentlemen, the author of this work tenders his acknowledgments. Benjamin Silliman… Elements of chemistry Allamistakeo had certain scruples of conscience, the nature of which I did not distinctly learn; but he expressed himself satisfied with the apologies tendered. Edgar Poe […] he marched directly into the presence of his bride, and, booted and spurred as he was, he frankly tendered her a salute. ɑgnes Strickland… the Queens of Scotland He tendered his allegiance to Edward III. Mary Yonge… Cameos… […] they tendered him the oath. The Lady's Magazine, vol. 38 English words derived from Latin tendĕre: attend, attendance, attendant, attendantly, attended, attendedness, attendee, attender, attending, attent, attention, attentional, attentive, attentively, attentiveness, attently, unattended, unattending, unattention, unattempted, unattempting, attempt, attemptability, attemptable, attempted, attempter, attempting, attemptless, inattention, inattentive, inattentively, inattentiveness, contended, contender, contending, contendingly, contendress, contend, detent, distend, distending, distended, distendedly, distender, distensibility, distensible, distensile, distension, distensive, distent, extend, extending, extended, extendedness, extendedly, extender, extendibility, extendible, extensibility, extensible, extensibleness, extensile, extension, extensional, extensionality, extensionally, extensionless, extensity, extensive, extensively, extensiveness, extensor, extensory, extent, intendance, intendancy, intendant, intendantship, intended, intendedness, intendedly, intendence, intender, intendingly, intendment, intend, unintended, unintendedly, unintentional, unintentionality, unintentionally, unintentioned, intensate, intensation, intensative, intense, intensely, intenseness, intensification, intensifier, intensify, intensified, intensifying, intension, intensional, intensionality, intensionally, intensitive, intensity, intensive, intensively, intensiveness, intent, intention, intentional, intentionality, intentionally, intentioned, intentionless, intently, intentness, ostensible, ostend, ostensibility, ostensibly, ostension, ostensive, ostensively, ostensiveness, ostentation, ostentatious, ostentatiously, ostentatiousness, unostensible, unostentatious, unostentatiousness, unostentatiously, portend, portender, portent, portentious, portentiously, portentous, portentously, pretend, pretence, pretense, pretenced, pretensed, pretencedly, pretensedly, pretenceful, pretenceless, pretendable, pretendant, pretendent, pretended, pretendedly, pretender, predentership, pretending, pretendingly, pretension, pretensionless, pretensive, pretensively, pretensiveness, pretentious, pretentiously, pretentiousness, unpretended, unpretending, unpretendingly, unpretendingness, unpretentious, unpretentiously, unpretentiousness, protend, protended, protending, protension, protensity, protensive, protensively, subtend, subtended, subtending, subtense, tend, tending, tendance, tendant, tended, tendence, tendency, tendent, tendential, tendentious, tendentiously, tendentiousness, tender, tense (strained to stiffness), tense (verb), tensing, tensed, tensely, tenseness, tensible, tensibility, tensify, tensile, tension, tensity, tensive, tensor, tent, tentorium. _thrive_ Verb. Pronunciation: θraɪv. Etymology: Middle English thriven (= to grasp oneself). Preterite tense: throve (θrəʊv), or thrived (θraɪvd). Preterite participle: thriven (ˈθrɪv(ə)n), or thrived (θraɪvd). Present participle: thriving. Intransitively: 1. (Of a plant, of a person or another animal) to develop or grow well; to increase in health, size, etc. Translation: se développer sainement, in French; desarrollarse sanamente, in Spanish; svilupparsi in modo sano, in Italian. Synonyms: to flourish, prosper, batten. "Mrs. Blake had a poor little puny chicken, which she thought was so sickly as not to be worth rearing; she therefore threw it to the cat, supposing that she would instantly make an end of its misery. But puss greeted it as if it were a kitten; she purred over it, and nursed it with the greatest tenderness. The chicken throve, the cat became fonder of it every day. Mary Howitt… A treasury of old favourite tales The Indians have no grapes, and the Chinese have not many, but both abound in other fruits, though the pomegranate thrives better in India than in China. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels, Vol. I As wheat does not thrive in this country it is little sown Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels, Vol. I What garden will thrive if every plant in it must be dug up every day, and set out in a better place?" Francis Parkman… Vassall Morton "I don't know why you should be so fierce against the climate. By your look, you seem to thrive in it." Francis Parkman… Vassall Morton They are like those weeds which will spring up and thrive in every soil and every climate. Robert Southey… Letters from England, vol. II The road ascends a barren, rocky country, where nothing but the prickly pear can thrive, and with this the horizon was covered. Edward Penny… Customs and society of Mexico I had by this time cleared a spot of ground on one side of my grotto, by burning up the timber and underwood which had covered it: this I enclosed, and within that enclosure I raised my aviary, and my poultry thrived very well there, seemed to like their habitation, and grew very fat. Robert Paltock… Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins -)With the preposition on, or upon, followed by a noun, by which the food is designated: […] our animals on the whole, have thriven on the food they have had. Charles Sturt… Two expeditions Their food is chiefly wild parsley and celery, with purslain, sea-kelp, and prickly pears, upon which latter vegetable they thrive wonderfully, a great quantity of it being usually found on the hillsides near the shore wherever the animal itself is discovered. Edgar Poe… The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym The inhabitants of El-Wijh may number twelve hundred, without including chance travellers and the few wretched Bedawin, Hutaym and others, who pitch their black tents, like those of Alexandrian "Ramleh," about and beyond the town. The people live well; and the merchants are large and portly men, who evidently thrive upon meat and rice. Richard Burton… The Land of Midian, Vol. 2 The goat, also, he says, thrives on the meadow-sweet, and water-hemlock, plants which are injurious to cattle. Charles Lyell… Principles of geology 2. (Of a person or people): a. To obtain gradually augmentation of wealth; to increase in goods; to become financially fortunate by degrees. b. To become gradually fortunate in any business; to be successful by degrees. Translation: prospérer, in French; prosperar, in Spanish; prosperare, in Italian. Synonym: prosper. No man throve that was connected with letters, unless he were also connected with their trade and merchandise, and, like Richardson, could print as well as write books. ɛohn Forster… The life… of Oliver Goldsmith I had no plans, no ambitions, nobody to work for, no one to encourage me to thrive for better things. Frank ɒullen… The Log of a Sea-Waif The statute was called in Galloway and Dumfries-shire, by those who had thriven upon the contraband trade, 'the burning and starving act.' Walter Scott… Guy Mannering -)With the preposition on, followed by a noun, by which the means are designated. Words derived from thrive: thriveless, thriven, thriver, thriving, thrivingly, thrivingness, thrift, thriftful, thriftily, thriftiness, thriftlessly, thriftlessness, thrifty, unthriving, unthrivingly, unthrivingness. _tiny_ Adjective and noun. Pronunciation and accent: taɪnɪ. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Comparative form: tinier. Superlative form: tiniest. 1. As an adjective: very small in size, extent, degree, amount, importance, etc. Synonyms: wee, minute, little. Translation: minuscule, in French; minúsculo, in Spanish; piccolo, in Italian. Antonyms: huge, large, big, enormous, vast, immense. In this earth of ours we find no emptiness. Closer and closer examination with the microscope only shows tinier and yet tinier wonders of form and life. ɑgnes Giberne… Sun, Moon, And Stars He had the weakness of being proud of small discoveries—the tinier the better. George MacDonald… David Elginbrod […] she has neglected to enthral her tiny feet in their slippers. Edgar Poe […] itself was no rose—only a tiny white flower. George MacDonald… David Elginbrod And his mother gave him a little jewel, a cupid in mosaic surrounded by tiny diamonds, which he remembered her to wear ever since he had first noticed the things she had worn. ɑnthony Trollope… The Claverings He stood for a long time lost in admiration before a series of life-sized human figures of colourless glass. In one the entire nervous system was shown in thin white lines. In another the whole circulatory system down to the tiny capillary vessels was traced in red and blue. Erle Cox… Out of the Silence Just the tiniest drop in the world. Bentley's Miscellany, vol. 60 -)Tiny garment: an article of clothing made for a baby. 2. As a noun: a tiny human being; an infant. Plural: tinies. _totter_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: t tə(r). Preterite tense, preterite participle: tottered. Present participle: tottering. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Walter Skeat stated that it might be the frequentative of tilt. Intransitively: 1. Obsolete acceptation: to move backwards and forwards, as a body suspended from a support above; to oscillate below a point of support, as a pendulum or the like. 2. Obsolete acceptation: (of a ship) to pitch; to rise and fall alternately at bow and stern; to rock. 3. (The subject being a standing, stationary, or structural body) to move from side to side, with the appearance of being about to fall or collapse; this is, to rock to and fro on its base, support, or foundation, as if about to fall. Synonyms: to overbalance, shake, oscillate, waver, tremble, vacillate, stagger, titubate. Antonym: to quiesce, steady. Translation: vacillare, in Italian; vaciller, in French; vacilar, in Spanish. The massive pinnacle already tottered. Walter Scott… Ivanhoe “We must get out of the house before the walls fall,” said my brother-in-law, helping his wife down the stairs, which swayed and tottered as if they would fall, every minute. We all followed them in such a hurry that I don’t remember how I got to the bottom. Olive Miller… Kristy's Rainy Day Picnic "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg. It was probably on account of this accident that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth if the chair of state had tottered upon three legs. Nathaniel Hawthorne… Grandfather's Chair It was at length arranged that we should live together during my stay in the city; and as my worldly circumstances were somewhat less embarrassed than his own, I was permitted to be at the expense of renting, and furnishing in a style which suited the rather fantastic gloom of our common temper, a […] grotesque mansion, long deserted through superstitions into which we did not inquire, and tottering to its fall in a retired and desolate portion of the Faubourg St. Germain. Edgar Poe By the dim light of an accidental lamp, tall, antique, worm-eaten, wooden tenements were seen tottering to their fall Edgar Poe It snowed fiercely, and the house tottered to its centre with the floods of wind that, rushing through the crannies in the wall, and pouring impetuously down the chimney, shook awfully the curtains of the philosopher's bed. Edgar Poe 4. (Of legs, knees, etc.) to tremble so as to make the walker or stander be unsteady. Synonym: to falter. Cecilia, however, felt her weakness when she attempted to move down stairs; her feet tottered, and her head became dizzy. Frances ɒurney… Cecilia My breast heaved, my knees tottered. Edgar Poe When Mr Vanslyperken had been brought aft, his legs tottered, and he could hardly stand. His face was livid, and his lips white with fear. Frederick Marryat… Snarleyyow 5. (The subject being an animated being) to walk or stand staggeringly; to move with unsteady or devious steps, as from intoxication, weakness, giddiness, or while supporting a heavy load; to become unsteady when trying to stand or walk erect. Synonyms: vacillate, toddle, stagger. Antonyms: to amble, prance, tittup. Translation: barcollare, in Italian; vaciller, in French; vacilar, in Spanish. "Why don't you help Antonio on with the baggage, Charles?" said Julia, as she stood looking at the driver tottering under the weight of the trunks. ɛames Cooper… Tales for Fifteen The gold and jewels on his shrine filled two great chests, and eight men tottered as they [took] them away. Charles Dickens… A child’s History At last she [Amelia] made a shift to totter into the kitchen, when the mistress of the house asked her, "Well, madam, who shall I tell the captain wants to speak with him?" Henry Fielding… Amelia […] he finally stood on his feet, unsteady on his legs, and tottering like one drunken. ɑndy ɑdams… Cattle Brands The door was thrown open at this juncture, and Miss Pecksniff entered, tottering, and supported by her three bridesmaids. Charles Dickens… Martin Chuzzlewit [Sophia] had scarce strength sufficient to totter into the inn, leaning on the arm of her maid. Here she was no sooner seated than she called for a glass of water; but Mrs Honour, […] changed it into a glass of wine. Henry Fielding… The history of Tom Jones Stupified with terror, the young nobleman tottered to the door. Edgar Poe The pony had one distinct eye, and it had been pointed out to him by his friend Captain Blunderbore, of the Horse Marines, who assisted the author in his search, that whenever he winked this eye he whisked his tail (possibly to drive the flies off), but that he always winked and whisked at the same time. The animal was lean, spavined, and tottering. Charles Dickens… Mudfog and Other Sketches He tottered across the lawn; climbed the steps; knocked faintly at the door. Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist ɑt length a female, closely veiled, […], tremblingly took the proffered arm, and tottered into the hotel. Edward Howard… Rattlin the Reefer Encumbered with my novel apparel, I experienced at once feelings of restraint and sorrow. My shoes hurt me, my worsted stockings irritated the skin, […]. I fancied myself a man, but was very much embarrassed with my manhood. Every step that I took I felt as if I was checked back by strings. I could not swing my arms as I was wont to do, and tottered in my shoes like a rickety child. Frederick Marryat… Jacob Faithful The cowering wretch, who still shook in every limb, […] tottered to his feet as he met Ralph's eye, and, shielding his face with both hands, protested, while he crept towards the door, that it was no fault of his. Charles Dickens… Nicholas Nickleby He had just strength left to push open the gate, totter across the lawn and knock at the door. Charles Dickens… Tales -)With adverbs: […] with much mumbling and chuckling and shaking of his forefinger, he rose, with the assistance of his stick, and tottered off. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge And if ever, since the world began, a young boy took a baby from a cradle with the care of an old nurse, and hushed and soothed it tenderly, and tottered away with it cheerfully, Johnny was that boy, and Moloch was that baby, as they went out together! Charles Dickens… The Ghost's Bargain [She] then moved backwards—then tottered forwards. William Thackeray… Burlesques [Madame Bernstein] stared about wildly a moment, and then tottered forward on her tortoiseshell cane. William Thackeray… The Virginians […] the old housekeeper tottered off to her own room. Oscar Wilde… The Canterville Ghost Supporting myself on Dick’s stalwart frame I tottered along by his side. Arthur Doyle… The captain of the Polestar […] it took me almost four minutes to get out of my bed and turn it off [the alarm]. By rote, I grabbed a cup of watery coffee out of the kitchen and tottered back to my room. ɛames Grant… Pedestrian Wolves Belle rose from her seat, and tottered to a desk that was on a side-table, holding by the furniture as she went. […] She tottered back again, holding something in her hand. Henry Wood… George Canterbury’s Will Transitively: 1. (Rarely used) to make (one’s way) totteringly. She’d sealed the letter, stamped it, then tottered her way downstairs to the pavement below. On the street corner stood the red letterbox. ɛames Scott… The Sweaties 2. (Rarely used) to walk (someone) totteringly. Frank took my arm and tottered me over to the car. Dorothy Cannell… Bridesmaids Revisited [George] tottered me home and I lay on my bed for an hour and a half. Richard Crossman… The diaries… Other English words derived from totter: totterer, totteringly, tottery, totter (noun), tottering, totterish. _translocate_ Verb. Pronunciation: trA;nsl@UkeIt, trænsThird-person singular simple present: translocates. Preterite tense, preterite participle: translocated. Present participle: translocating. Etymology: it is compounded with the prefix trans- and the verb locate. It is etymologically and semantically identical with Italian traslocare. Transitively: to locate (something or someone) elsewhere than the actual location; to remove from one place to another; to displace, dislocate; to change the position of. Translation: déplacer, in French; descolocar, in Spanish. A sofa upholstered in prune plush had been translocated from opposite the door to the ingleside near the compactly furled Union Jack. ɛames ɛoyce… Ulysses John has translocated his domicile, and become musical in his old days. Percy Shelley… Edinburgh Literary Journal -)The most usual direct object is other animal than a human: Over the last twenty years authorities have increasingly attempted to translocate offending animals as an alternative to shooting them. E. Sunquist – Fiona Sunquist… Wild Cats of the World Between 1988 and 1990, four male and four female Allen Cays iguanas were translocated to Alligator Cay in the Exuma Islands, Bahamas. ɑllison ɑlberts… Iguanas Intransitively: to change location; to locate oneself elsewhere. Translation: se déplacer, in French; descolocarse, in Spanish. Other English vocables derived from, or compounded with, Latin locus: translocation, translocated, translocatory, translocational, locate, located, locatee, locater, locator, locating, location, locational, locative, locable, local (noun, adj. verb), locale, localism, localist, localistic, locality, localizability, localizable, localization, localize, localizing, localized, localizer, locally, locatable, relocate, relocatable, relocation, collocate, collocated, collocating, collocation, collocational, collocative, collocatory, nonlocal, illocal, illocally, illocality, locomotion, locomotive, locomotively, locomotiveness, locomotivity, locomotor, locomobile, locomobility, locomote, locomotility, interlocal, interlocally, interlocate, interlocation, patrilocal, patrilocality, patrilocally, uxorilocal, uxorilocally, virilocal, virilocally, virilocality, dislocable, dislocability, dislocate, dislocating, dislocated, dislocatedly, dislocatedness, dislocatee, dislocation, dislocationally, dislocative, dislocator, dislocatory. _Trend_ Verb. Pronunciation: tr nd Etymology: from Middle English trenden (= to roll or turn about). The words “trendle”, and “trindle” are from the same origin as “trend”. Preterite tense: trended. Preterite participle: trended. Present participle: trending. Intransitively: 1. To turn round; --it is now obsolete. 2. (Of a river, coast-line, mountain-range, etc.) a. To appear with a specified trending or turning. b. Hence: to appear with a specified direction; to have a direction, which is designated either by the preposition to, or towards, or otherwise. Synonyms: to tend, bend. Translation: s’étendre dans une certaine direction, in French; extenderse en cierta dirección, in Spanish; estendersi in una certa direzione, in Italian. […] the ridge which runs south and parallel to the Newry river ends nearly opposite Warren Point, and trends round by Clermont Carn to Annaverna mountain. Charles Hamilton… Dublin and Mourne Mountain It was with joy, therefore, that I found a second road which branched away from the other, trending through a fir-wood towards the north. ɑrthur Doyle… The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard We remained a day at the village of Moyara. Here the valley in which the Lekone flows trends away to the eastward, while our course is more to the northeast. David Livingstone… Travels and Researches in South Africa Here the land trended to the west-northwest till we came to the last point of an extensive inlet, or bay. ɛohn Ross… Narrative of a Second Voyage The channel in which we now found ourselves trended generally about northeast by east for a distance of some four and a half miles. Harry Collingwood… Overdue The road kept trending towards the mountain, following the line of the old Flaminian Way, which we could see, at frequent intervals, close beside the modern track. Nathaniel Hawthorne… Passages Westward of Astorga, two great ranges of mountains trend from north to south. Walter Scott… The Edinburgh Annual Register 3. Metaphorically: (of something incorporeal) to manifest a tendency or trend; to extend with a guessable development or process. Other English words derived from trend: trendify, trendily, trendiness, trending, trendless, trendy. _trickle_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: trɪk(ə)l. Etymology: of uncertain origin. Walter Skeat said: Trickle is a corruption of strikelen (= to flow frequently or to keep on flowing), the frequentative of Middle English striken (= to flow). Preterite tense: trickled. Preterite participle : trickled. Present participle: trickling. Intransitively: 1. a. Originally: (of tears) to issue in successive drops. b. (Of other liquid) to issue in a scanty flow; to fall or flow in drops. Translation: dégoutter, in French; gotear, in Spanish; gocciolare, in Italian. We contrived to satisfy the cravings of thirst by suffering the shirts to become saturated, and then wringing them so as to let the grateful fluid trickle into our mouths. Edgar Poe The water trickled down the walls, from the excessive dampness of the place. Pierce Egan… Robin Hood… The tears trickled through his fingers; and his breast was convulsed with deep sobs. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London […] until we reached the stream, which slowly trickled through dry plains, with scorched grass and withered shrubs. William Thomes… The gold hunters’ adventures A small rill of water trickled down from the rock above it, and, losing itself among the moss and grass, fell over the precipice below, which indeed was a frightful depth. Frederick Marryat… Frank Mildmay The apartment was octagonal, and very high, with a dome-shaped roof, from which it was dimly lighted by four small and very dirty windows. Water trickled down the dirty dark-brown walls Robert ɒallantyne… The Pirate City The interior was damp, the water trickling from the walls, and nearly filled with sand and crumbling stones. ɛohn Stephens… Incidents of travel in Egypt… […] it was, in truth, a ravine rather than a vale; and was formed by a little stream, which in dry seasons trickled rather than flowed. ɑllan Cunningham… Lord Roldan 2. Metaphorical: (of a group of persons) to go or depart one by one. Hence, (of somebody or something) to go, to make one’s way, come, etc., slowly. Occupants from the neighboring complexes were trickling home from their day's work. Gemma Halliday… Mayhem in High Heels 3. (Of a body) to drip with some liquid; to emit a trickling. Very soon our faces were trickling with tears. ɛohn Stephens… Incidents of Travel in Yucatan The stone is about twelve feet high, and on one side are eight or ten deep gashes from one to three feet long, and from one to two inches wide, some of which were trickling with water. ɛohn Stephens… Incidents of travel in Egypt… Transitively: 1. a. To emit (a liquid) in successive drops; to cause to trickle. b. To pour drop by drop. c. Hence, to give (a group of things) slowly and one by one. Dane trickled some brandy down the man's throat and he began to cough. ɒernard Veale… Orinoco A small spring near the hotel site, framed with mossy stones, trickled some turbid but inodorous water. Loring ɒullard… Healing Waters 2. Metaphorical: a. To ley go one by one. b. To cause (a ball) to go slowly over the ground. He took some coins from his pocket and trickled them from one hand to the other. ɜristen Stone… Edge of Extinction Words derived from the verb TRICKLE: trickling, trickle (noun). _truculent_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: trʌkjʊlənt. Etymology: from Latin truculentus, from trux (= fierce, savage). 1. (Of a person or other animal) manifesting truculence or ferocity. Synonyms: fierce, cruel, savage, barbarous. Antonyms: gentle. Translation: atroce, in French; truculento, in Spanish; truculento, in Italian. […] the stately elephant and truculent rhinoceros come down to slake their thirst when the broad afternoon shades are widening ɛames Inglis… Tent life "No, I won't," says that truculent person distinctly. "I want to be a big general with a cocked hat, and to kill people. I don't want to be a husband at all. What's the good of that?" Margaret Hungerford… April’s Lady […] he growled back at the truculent young bulls, baring his canine teeth even as they. Edgar Burroughs… The Beasts of Tarzan Sir Thomas was equally truculent in expression and ferocious in tone. William ɑinsworth… The Lancashire Witches 2. (Of a thing) characterized by, or manifesting, truculence or ferocity. In particular: (of speech or writing): used to offend, rude, sarcastic, vituperative. […] said Caspar speaking more to himself than to Mary Trent, and quite unaware how truculent an appearance he presented at that moment to that quiet woman's eyes. ɑdeline Sergeant… Brooke's Daughter Peter quoted these verses, especially the last, with a truculent frown. Edward Bulwer-Lytton… Eugene ɑram He advanced quickly towards me and asked me in German in a truculent voice what I wanted. Valentine Williams… The Man with the Clubfoot Seeing that he indicated me, and that his voice was truculent, I looked to my betrothed for protection. Atlantic Monthly There were some gawky school-boys in charge of a French Usher, whose appearance was truculent almost to repulsiveness. Robert ɒrough… The Welcome Guest Words derived from TRUCULENT: truculence, truculency, truculently, truculentness. _unartful_ Adjective. Accent: unartful. Etymology: it is the adjective artful, to which un- is prefixed. Artful is compounded with art and suffix –ful. 1. (Of a person) being not artful; unable to do artfully something. Synonyms: unskilful, maladroit, artless. Translation: que no es artificioso, in Spanish; che non è artificioso, in Italian; qui n’est artificieux, in French. I was too incautious and unartful in my proceeding; but practice makes perfect. John ɑdams… The Works 2. (Of a thing, an action, of an art, etc.) being not artful; made by someone who is not artful. Antonyms: artful, crafty. The letter was not an unartful composition. Bryan Edwards… The British West Indies Every mesh of the unartful net had been conspicuously laid in their path. Thomas ɒacon… The Oriental Annual Other English words derived from, or compounded with, art: artful, artfully, artfulness, artifice, artificer, artificership, artificery, artificial, artificialism, artificiality, artificialize, artificialized, artificializing, artificially, artificialness, artify, artifying, artiness, artisan, artisanship, artist, artistdom, artistic, artistical, artistically, artist-like, artistly, artistry, artless, artlessly, artlessness, artlet, art-like, artsy, arty, inert, inertia, inertial, inertialess, inertially, inertion, inertly, inertness, unartistic, unartificial, unartificially, unartistlike, inartistic, inartificial, inartificiality, inartificially, inartistical, inartisticality, inartistica lly, unartfully. _undeceive_ Verbe. Etymology: compounded with un- negative prefixe and DECEIVE. Accent: unde"ceive. Transitively: to cause to be no longer deceived; to release from deception, fraud, fallacy, delusion, error or mistake; to make (a person) notice a deception; undo the deception of. Synonyms: to undelude, unfool, uncheat, unbeguile. Antonyms: to deceive, beguile, fool, cheat, delude. Translation: in French détromper, désabuser, dessiller, Spanish desengañar and Italian disingannare. For some moments Emily was chilled into silence by this speech; and, when she attempted to undeceive him, concerning the purport of the note she had inclosed in Montoni's letter, he appeared to have some private reason for disbelieving her assertion, and, for a considerable time, persevered in accusing her of capricious conduct. Ann Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho Deprived of their adherents and mediators; her pride and jealousy roused to the utmost; with nobody to undeceive her, and you to confirm me; you will find that their intercourse will close with her answer. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge However irresistible our sense-illusions may be, so long as we are under the sway of particular impressions or mental images, we can, when resolved to do so, undeceive ourselves by carefully attending to the actual state of things about us. ɛames Sully… Illusions 'I, as the husband of the late Signora Montoni,' he added, 'am the heir of all she possessed; the estates, therefore, which she refused to me in her life-time, can no longer be withheld, and, for your own sake, I would undeceive you, respecting a foolish assertion she once made to you in my hearing—that these estates would be yours, if she died without resigning them to me [']. Ann Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho Emma, your daughter, and the rest, suppose me out of London, as I have been until within this hour. Do not undeceive them. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge […] undeceived in his deceit, and with his fox's hide stripped off, he sneaked away, abashed, degraded, and afraid. Charles Dickens… Dombey and Son The hostess was soon undeceived in the opinion she had entertained of Adams, whom Trulliber abused in the grossest terms […] Henry Fielding… Joseph Andrews A melancholy experience has undeceived me on many subjects. Edmund ɒurke… Speeches and Writings [Du Pont determined] to undeceive the Count on this subject. Ann Radcliffe… The Mysteries of Udolpho The French at Rosetta, seeing their four ships sail out of the bay unmolested, endeavoured to persuade themselves that they were in possession of the place of battle. But it was in vain thus to attempt, against their own secret and certain conviction, to deceive themselves; and even if they could have succeeded in this, the bonfires which the Arabs kindled along the whole coast, and over the country, for the three following nights, would soon have undeceived them. Robert Southey… Horatio Lord Nelson -)Special syntax: it occurs sometimes construed with the preposition of (mistake, delusion, an error, etc.). He was undeceived of both errors in the Peninsula. Robert Southey… Peninsular War By some remark, I undeceived him of the mistake he was laboring under, of my being the lecturer. Sarah Mendell and Hosmer… Notes of travel… I was undeceived of both errors […] Charles Lamb… The essays of Elia and Eliana To learn or remember other words derived from Latin capere, see UNACCEPTANCE. _undeceiver_ Noun. Plural: undeceivers. Accent: undeceiver. Etymology: from the verb undeceive, the analysis of which is un- (prefix), de- (prefix) and capere (= to take). SEE all English vocables derived from, or compounded with, Latin stems of capere at the entry UNACCEPTANCE, in this UNHYPOCRITICAL ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Definition: one who or that which undeceives. Equivalent periphrases in other idioms: personne détrompant, qui desabuse, in French; desengañador, in Spanish; disingannatore/trice, in Italian. […] these tales of poisonous brides have a three-character plot featuring deceiver, deceived, and undeceiver. Gillian Bennett (Bodies) By a gesture I imposed silence on Marian, who was about to speak –as I thought it was better to allow the old man to be his own undeceiver. The Knickerbocker, vol. 53 _undergo_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: ʌndəgəʊ. Etymology: it is analysable into UNDER- and GO. Preterite tense: underwent. Preterite participle : undergone; present participle: undergoing. Third-person singular simple present: undergoes. Transitively: 1. Obsolete and pristine uses: a. To go, or move under or underneath. b. To undermine. 2. (The subject: a person or another animal): to have the experience of; to be consciously affected by (something unpleasant, as danger, etc.) Antonyms: to evade, shun, forgo, avoid, eschew. Synonyms: to feel, experience, suffer. Translation: sufrir in Spanish; subir, in French; subire, in Italian. In this expedition he underwent many dangers and difficulties, without any profit, but returned safe to Falmouth. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels […] the bore of undergoing his eloquence is really becoming insufferable. The Spectator, Vol. 13 In every contemplation our curiosity must be first excited by the appearances of things, before our reason undergoes the fatigue of investigating the causes. Oliver Goldsmith… Letters from a citizen… […] it was late before they retired, […] to take that rest of which, after the doubt and suspense they had recently undergone, they stood much in need. Charles Dickens… Oliver Twist 2. (The subject is something or someone): to be subjected to; to be the object of (an action, or a process, as an inspection, an examination, etc.) I have finished four acts, and part of the fifth of a tragedy […].The few friends who have seen it express the strongest approbation of the fable, the conduct, the situations, and diction; but as their praises may be addressed rather to my diffidence than to the merits of the piece, I must remain in a state of uncertainty till it undergoes your inspection. David Garrick… The Private Correspondence Heat or fire is a violent agent, which changes all bodies that undergo its action. The Farmer's Magazine […] earth has undergone any considerable refrigeration, it must also have undergone a contraction of dimensions. Robert Bakewell… An Introduction to Geology […] although the storm continued, the temperatures underwent an extraordinary change. Elisha Kane… Arctic explorations […] the air became quite still, and the snow underwent a wonderful change. John Tyndall… The Glaciers of the Alps His eyes were abnormally large, and round like those of a cat. The pupils, too, upon any accession or diminution of light, underwent contraction or dilation, just such as is observed in the feline tribe. Edgar Poe My notice was soon afterwards attracted by the duskyred appearance of the moon, and the peculiar character of the sea. The latter was undergoing a rapid change, and the water seemed more than usually transparent. Edgar Poe This process is facilitated by certain remarkable changes of colour which appear in it [steel] as it undergoes this process of a second heating. Henry Moseley… Illustrations of mechanics A friend of hers (by name, Mr. M-y) was invited by her to accept the accommodation of her house, while his own underwent some necessary repair. Elizabeth ɒurgess… Betty Bolaine After he had gone, Randal, being left alone, underwent a change of mood. Catherine ɒement… Spinner of Webs The wine had evidently produced in them a species of delirium, which, perhaps, I had been prevented from feeling by the immersion I had undergone since drinking it. Edgar Poe We reached the landing about five, but with the delay at the barrier, by the custom-house officers, who are very strict, where we underwent the most rigid scrutiny and overhauling our baggage, which is excessively annoying C. Cromwell… Over the ocean The fellow made no answer, but eyed me from head to foot with a look a puzzled incredulity. I was rapidly losing my temper while undergoing his inspection, and was about repeating the assault, when in a half audible voice he ejaculated… Bentley's Miscellany, Vol. 9 […] after undergoing many romantic adventures, not unlike those of Charles the Second, he [Charles Edward] escaped to France. Charles Dickens… A child’s history Many of our farm implements have undergone improvement ; yet there are others which have been either but partially introduced, or are hardly known, that are calculated to abridge labor and to increase the profits of the farm. Thomas Fessenden… The New England Farmer Derived from UNDERGO: undergoing. _underrate_ Verb. Etymology: analysed into UNDER + RATE. Transitively: 1. To assess or tax (a person, a thing, etc.) at a rate inferior to the usual one. 2. To rate or estimate at too little worth; to value insufficiently; to rate at a value describable as being under what is expected or real. Synonyms: to undervalue, depreciate, belittle, under-estimate. Antonyms: to overrate, over-estimate. Translation: sous-estimer, in French; subestimar, in Spanish; sottovalutare, in Italian. Notwithstanding all the care that had been taken for an equitable adjustment, Gasca was aware that it was impossible to satisfy the demands of a jealous and irritable soldiery, where each man would be likely to exaggerate his own deserts, while he underrated those of his comrades. William Prescott… Conquest of Peru "Oh! thanks for that, my father. Do not underrate my strength for endurance. William Simms… ɜatharine Walton It must not be supposed, however, because I speak of these differences as not fundamental, that I wish to underrate their value. Thomas Huxley… On the Relations of Man… With all the praise that is lavished upon this biography, the author himself is rather an underrated man. William Minto... A manual of English Prose Literature 'A wretched afternoon,' said his lordship, shivering, and drawing his chair closer to the fire. Steadman had taken away his fur-lined cloak. 'I had really underrated the disagreeableness of the English climate. It is abominable!' Elizabeth ɒraddon… Phantom Fortune "I think I have been disposed to underrate the force of sexual jealousy.... I thought it was something essentially contemptible. Herbert Wells… The Research Magnificent We are apt now to underrate the value of tradition, because the use of writing has made tradition less important, and therefore less pains are taken to preserve it. Carveth Read… Logic She felt as if she had underrated something great. Ethel Dell… The Lamp in the Desert In the Roman empire all sorts of property, whether consisting of land or movables, were estimated with the greatest care, and subjected to taxation. Individuals were obliged to make oath to the accuracy of their returns; and those who were detected in making false returns, or in attempting to evade the tax by concealing or underrating their property, were punished capitally and had their estates confiscated. ɛohn McCulloch… ɑ Treatise on the principles… -)Reflexively: Your modesty, sir, makes you underrate yourself. ɒaynard Hall… Frank Freeman's ɒarber Shop A marriage with me would have ensured him sorrow rather than joy.” “ How can that be, ɛulie ?” asked I. “You underrate yourself. I think the man who wins you, will indeed secure a treasure.” Graham's Illustrated Magazine 3. To rate the amount or extent of (something) with an inexactness describable as being under what is real; --Cf. the verbs “to misreckon, miscount, miscalculate”. Synonyms: to under-estimate, under-reckon. Antonyms: to overcount, overestimate, over-reckon. Lorenzo then took possession of the ships, which were laden with horses and other goods; and as the Moors endeavoured to overreach him with regard to ransoming their vessels, greatly underrating their cargoes, he ordered them all to be burnt. Robert ɜerr… Voyages and Travels he had materially underrated the distance between the crater and the peak, which must be nearer sixty than fifty miles. ɛames Cooper… Mark's Reef Perhaps it may be thought that in this estimate we have underrated the home consumption of cottons; but we are not sure that we have not inclined to the opposite side. John Ramsay MacCulloch […] a town, the population of which, at the close of 1841, was supposed to be underrated at 9000 persons. Charles Griffith… Port Phillip Words derived from underrate: underrating, underratement. _understate_ Transitive verb. Etymology: it is analysable into UNDER- and STATE, from Latin status, and this one from stare (= to stand.) Preterite tense: understated. Preterite participle: understated. Present participle: understating. Definition: to state or designate (something) with an inexactness (or untrueness) describable as being under what is true or correct; to make an understatement of; to refer to (something) as less than it is. Translation: declarer con inexactitud y por debajo de lo que es verdadero, in Spanish; dichiarare con inesattezza e sotto ciò che è vero, in Italian; déclarer avec inexactitude et sous ce qui est vrai, in French. Antonyms: to exaggerate, overstate. It is commonly asserted, and as commonly believed, that there are seventy thousand persons in London who rise every morning without the slightest knowledge as to where they shall lay their heads at night. However the number may be over or understated, it is very certain that a vast quantity of people are daily in the above-mentioned uncertainty regarding sleeping accommodation, and that when night approaches, a great majority solve the problem in a somewhat (to themselves) disagreeable manner, by not going to bed at all. George Sala… Gaslight and Daylight […] the estimate we have made is greatly deficient, and […] we have understated the real statistics. George Fitzhugh… Cannibals all He had rather understated than exaggerated the reasons why she ought to go. Harold Bindloss… The Lure of the North Croker is a man who will go a hundred miles on the top of a coach through sleet and snow, merely to search a parish register in order to prove that a man is illegitimate, or that a lady has slightly understated her age. The Living Age ..., Volumen 55 […] Fanny ɒurney had understated her age by no less than ten years. John Forster… The Life… of Oliver Derived from understate: understatement. _unwieldy_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: ʌnwiːldɪ. Etymology: it is analysed into un- + wieldy. Comparative form: unwieldier. Superlative form: unwieldiest. 1. Not wieldy; not easily wielded. Particularly: a. Of a weapon: difficult to wield or handle or wield. b. Of a body: difficult to move, control, guide, manipulate, etc., because of size, shape, or weight; awkwardly large; unmanageably bulky or ponderous. Synonyms: unmanageable, bulky, cumbersome, ungainly. Translation: difficile à manier, in French; difícil de manejar, in Spanish; difficile da maneggiare, in Italian. This unwieldy weapon could only be unsheathed by pulling the handle over the left shoulder--for no human arm was long enough to draw it in the usual manner. Walter Scott… The Abbot The Spaniards fought bravely, but their unwieldy ships were unfit for the navigation of narrow waters. The New American Encyclopaedia The large, unwieldy stone instruments of the earliest kind became gradually modified. Norfolk Archaeology, vol. 4 The tools of the Indian miners are very badly contrived and unwieldy. Samuel Wilcocke… Viceroyalty of Buenos Aires The accoutrements of the horse were scarcely less massive and unwieldy than those of the rider. Walter Scott… The Talisman The merchantman was so heavy loaded, and drew so much water, that she was very unwieldy in action. Robert Paltock… Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins He did not believe that he would actually freeze here, now that he had the bearskin; stiff and unwieldy though it was, when he spread it with the fur next to his blankets it was warm. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Lookout Man Instead of some person or persons straightway appearing, divers remarkable sounds were heard, first in the workshop and afterwards in the little dark passage between it and the parlour, as though some unwieldy chest or heavy piece of furniture were being brought in, by an amount of human strength inadequate to the task. Charles Dickens… Barnaby Rudge We sat silent, looking at one another, when in an instant Mr. Hoskins [… took] hold of a bough of a tree which had been unrooted, and lay in the river unmoved, and cried to me also to lay hold. I did so; it was unwieldy and aground: it was our only hope and anchor ɛohn Galt… Lawrie Todd […] an unwieldy armor worn by some member of the family, in some renowned exploit. Willie Triton… The fisher boy But our little float was shipwrecked, as I have said, and the carpenters finding how dangerous such great unwieldy rafts would be, resolved to set to it, and build one large float with sides to it, like a punt or ferry-boat. Daniel Defoe… A New Voyage Round the World 2. Of a person or other animal: not easily movable because of corpulence or ponderousness; manifesting unwieldiness. Hence: moving ungracefully; lacking flexibility or litheness. Synonyms: awkward, clumsy. A Hippopotamus has also been known to kill some cattle which were tied up near his haunts […]. The flesh of this unwieldy animal is said to be very good, and not unlike pork. The circle of the Sciences Not being too unwieldy in his size, he [the horse] is no burden to the soil, while a pair are equal to the task of drawing a plough through a full furrow, with great ease. Thomas ɒrown… Biographical sketches […] the Cacique […] was so enormously fat and unwieldy, that he could not walk, nor even stand. Theodore Irving… The Conquest of Florida When morning came, and the Spaniards awoke from sleep, the Cacique was not to be seen. They beat up the surrounding forest, but without success. Each one wondered, and questioned the other, how so unwieldy a man had escaped without being seen or heard. Theodore Irving… The Conquest of Florida 3. Of the quality of a body, its dimension, etc.: characterized by corpulence or ponderousness. Trusting that the order of Capafi would be punctually obeyed, the Spaniards be took themselves to rest for the night, having first placed sentinels at the outposts, and a strong guard around the Cacique; whose unwieldy bulk, in fact, seemed a sufficient guarantee for his safety. Theodore Irving… The Conquest of Florida His cheeks were neither swollen nor inflated — his person, though not thin, was of no unwieldy obesity. Edward Lytton… Pelham The size of the ring found at Hildersham has been thought too large for the purpose conjectured, but the tilting shaft was often of very unwieldy dimensions. The Archaeological Journal, vol. 5 […] in order that the section may be of any practical use, without making the plot of most unwieldy dimensions. John Heather… A treatise on mathematical instruments […] a pair of legs very inadequate to the support of his unwieldy and corpulent body. Charles Dickens… Sketches by Boz His neglect of exercise had produced its effect, and he had become a prodigy of unwieldy corpulency. ɛames Morison… Gibbon 4. Of the motion of a corpulent body: difficult; awkwardly performed or manifested. Hence, of the motion of any body: performed with ungraceful manner. When hungry they are exceedingly difficult to approach, but when gorged with food they are stupid, and fly or move with slow unwieldy motions. Zoologist, vol. 13 For I saw great strong-armed beetles, hurrying about with most unwieldy haste, awkward as elephant-calves, looking apparently for glowworms. George MacDonald… Phantastes 5. Of an incorporeal thing: not liable or indisposed to be controlled, or regulated, etc. […] with unwieldy paraphernalia of servants and plates. Herbert Wells… Certain Personal Matters These Irish allies are unwieldy—when numerous. Charles Lever… Roland Cashel And German compared with French is an unattractive language; unmelodious, unwieldy. Herbert Wells… Anticipations As this supervision of the whole legislature was found unwieldy in practice, it was superseded, after various modifications, by a commission of members elected from each one of the four estates. William Prescott… History of the reign of Ferdinand… The possession will be too unwieldy for him to hold, even as landlord. G. Davidson… Trade and Travel… The unity of a language can be kept up only by […] uniform intercourse between all the members of the community which speaks the language. If the community is too large or unwieldy to admit of this intercourse, the language begins to split up into an infinite number of dialects. Henry Sweet… A New English Grammar English words derived from “unwieldy”: unwieldly (adv., adj.), unˈwieldiness. _upbraid_ Verb. Pronunciation and accent: VpbreId Present third person singular: she/he upbraids. Preterite tense, preterite participle: upbraided Present participle: upbraiding. Etymology: from Old English upbreiden, from AS upbregdan, from up (= up) + bregdan (= to draw, twist, weave). Other English vocables derived from the verb upbraid: upbraided, upbraider, upbraiding, upbraidingly Transitively: 1. Definition: to adduce, cite or mention (something) as a cause for censure. Postdefinition: it is now obsolete and it was construed with the prepositions to or against before the person upbraided. 2. To signify to (an animated being) one’s disapproval of his (her) having done or forborne something, or of his (her) quality. Synonyms: to reproach, reprove, censure, carp at, scold, chide, rebuke, reprimand, berate, taunt, twit, snub Antonyms: praise, laud, compliment, eulogize, extol, celebrate, Translation:rimproverare, in Italian; reprochar, in Spanish; reprocher, in French. She is pleased to upbraid me as a person little experienced in the world: I freely own it. David Hume (The History of England) […] when you know the true reason of my leaving you to-night I think you will pity rather than upbraid me. Henry Fielding (Amelia) Ned stood at the window a little while longer, listening. He heard far away the faint rattle of a saber, probably some officer of S[…] ɑnna who was going to a place outside a lattice, the sharp cry of a Mexican upbraiding his lazy mule, and the distant note of a woman singing an old Spanish song. Joseph A. Altsheler (The Texan Star) […] she upbraided him and declared if he ever referred again to the subject she would renounce him as her son and cast him off for ever. Tales from Dickens, by Charles Dickens and Hallie Erminie Rives […] as he was a surly kind of fellow, so she contented herself with frequently upbraiding him by disadvantageous comparisons with her first husband, whose praise she had eternally in her mouth. Henry Fielding (The History of Tom Jones) -) Absolutely: She also showed that she knew how to distribute both rewards and punishments with impartiality; that she knew when to soothe, and when to upbraid; that she could dissemble submission, but preserve her prerogatives. Oliver Goldsmith (The History of England) She secluded herself from all visitors, and, sometimes, remained in her apartment, for weeks together, refusing to speak to every person, except her favourite female attendant, writing scraps of letters, reading, again and again, those she had received from the Marquis, weeping over his picture, and speaking to it, for many hours, upbraiding, reproaching and caressing it alternately. Ann Radcliffe (The Mysteries of Udolpho) She knew all this but did not upbraid. Edgar Allan Poe -) With the prepositions for or with, before a noun or a gerund designative of the cause of the disapproval: She upbraided me for not going to see her, and wondered what woman had supplanted her. Walter (My Secret Life) Tossing and pitching on my bed, I upbraided myself for having returned to Oakville, where any interference with our plans could possibly develop. Andy Adams (A Texas Matchmaker) She smelled something burning then, and bolted for the kitchen, where her sharp, rather nasal voice was heard upbraiding Minnie for some neglect. B. M. Bower (Lonesome Land) Whenever he flogged the men, which he was constantly doing, he never failed to upbraid them with ingratitude, and the indulgences which they received from him. Captain Marryat (Frank Mildmay) She almost flew into his arms, upbraided him for being so long away, for not having written to her. Frederick Marryat (Snarleyyow) He upbraided Hugh, both with disloyalty and ingratitude; but told the rest, that he considered them as men deluded and misinformed. Samuel Johnson (A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland) This bloody and treacherous tyrant upbraids the marquis and others, with their gallantr ies and intrigues as the most terrible enormities. David Hume (The History of England) I upbraided Miss Grant with her cruelty. Robert Louis Stevenson (Catriona) There were not, perhaps, many more unhappy persons than poor Partridge. He had lost the best part of his income by the evidence of his wife, and yet was daily upbraided by her for having, among other things, been the occasion of depriving her of that benefit. Henry Fielding (The History of Tom Jones) When we were alone together, he gently upbraided me with having neglected to write to him during so long a time. Henry Fielding (The History of Tom Jones) I am sure your ladyship will not upbraid me with neglect of duty, when I only waited for orders. Henry Fielding (The History of Tom Jones) She upbraided herself for the sentiment, but could not overcome or lessen it. Nathaniel Hawthorne (The Scarlet Letter) -) With the preposition on, before a noun or a gerund designative of the cause of the disapproval (unusual construction): Do not thou upbraid me on my weak fits—on my contradictory purposes--on my irresolution--and all will be well. Samuel Richardson (Clarissa) -) With the preposition of, before the cause of the disapproval (this construction is now obsolete, except where the object of the preposition is a proposition introduced by that, in which case the preposition of is omitted): This did I endure for her; and now the self-willed girl upbraids me that I did not leave her to perish. Walter Scott (Ivanhoe) One young Amazon ran for a considerable distance beside us, raised her finger in a menacing manner, and upbraided us that we Franks did not openly and vigorously side with them. Richard Lepsius (Letters from Egypt…) […] she met Captain Temple, who, less shy, came to her side eagerly, complaining and upbraiding her that she had deserted him. Margaret Oliphant (Within the Precincts) -) It may be used reflexively: [I] upbraided myself that I had not warned Jo of it long ago. Edgar Watson Howe (The Story of a Country Town) "True; but had I been firmer in refusal, I might not so well have known it; I might then have upbraided myself with supposing that my compliance would have rescued him." FRANCES BURNEY (Cecilia) She was very angry. She again called me perverse: she upbraided me with regarding only my own prepossessions, and respecting not either her peace of mind or my own duty […] Samuel Richardson (Clarissa) The evening before the battle, Piercy sent a manifesto to Henry, in which he renounced his allegiance, set that prince at defiance, and in the name of his father and uncle, as well as his own, enumerated all the grievances, of which, he pretended, the nation had reason to complain. He upbraided him with the perjury, of which he had been guilty […] David Hume (The History of England) Vanquish Verb Preterite tense, Preterite vanquishing. participle: Pronunciation and accent: "væNkwIS and present participle: vanquishe d, Etymology: from Old French vencus Preterite participle: and venquis preterit of veintre: vanquish. Veintre was a French verb from Latin vincere. Cf. French vainquis, still used as the past tense of vaincre, and the form que je vainquisse. (Walter Skeat). Etymological identity with French vaincre, Spanish vencer and Italian vincere. Transitive uses: 1. (The subject being a human or another animal) to overpower (an opponent, antagonist, adversary) in a conflict, battle, fight; to disable (a person or anothe r animal) from continuing to fight, combat or resist; to become victor over. Synonyms: overcome, conquer, subdue, triumph over; defeat, rout (with a collective noun as object of the verb) Antonyms: be vanquished, lose, surrender, capitulate, submit. The Britons fought to the last; but they were vanquished with great slaughter, and the unhappy queen took poison. Charles Dickens (A Child’s History) One Sir Adam de Gourdon was the last dissatisfied knight in arms; but, the Prince vanquished him in single combat. Charles Dickens (A Child’s History) I have vanquished my foe. Walter Scott (Ivanhoe) "If lions could paint," […], "in the room of those pictures which exhibit men vanquishing lions, we should see lions feeding upon men." Samuel Johnson (The Adventurer and Idler) By consultation and deliberation and provident measures, by caution and by vigilance, I vanquished armies, and I reduced kingdoms to my authority. Edmund Burke (Works) […] the Danish fleet was entirely vanquished and dispersed. Edmund Burke (Works) 2. (Obsolete acceptation) to expel (a person) by vanquishment. 3. (Metaphorically) to overpower (a person) by other than violent means; to disable from continuing to dispute. "That's true," I replied, vanquished by the Parson's logic. George Augustus Sala (The Strange Adventures of Captain Dangerous) I must not only regard myself as being in a very ridiculous position, but as being vanquished at all points. Will you allow me the privilege of remembering my enemy's name? Charles Dickens (Hard Times) There is a construction with the preposition of = in respect of. 4. (Metaphorically: with impersonal and incorporeal object) to suppress; to annihilate (a feeling, etc.). There she turned away her sweet face, and vanquished an half-risen sigh. Samuel Richardson (Clarissa) Let us suppose this impossibility vanquished, and the fact ascertained that they agree only in a restrictive system as an antecedent, and industrial prosperity as a consequent. John Stuart (A System of Logic) 5. (Obsolete acceptation) to win or gain (a battle, fight, combat, etc.); to become victorious in. Intransitive use: To be victorious; to gain a victory. […] they are first if they vanquish. Walter Bagehot (The English Constitution) English vocables derived from Latin vincere: vanquishable, vanquished, vanquishe r, vanquishing (noun, adj.), vanquishment, victor, victorious, victoriously, victoriousness, victory, victoryless, victress, unvanquished, unvanquishable, convict (adj. noun, verb), convicting, convictable, convicted, conviction, convictional, convictionless, convictism, convictive, convictively, convictiveness, convictment, convince, convinced, convincedly, convincedness, convincement, convincer, convincible, convincing (participle and noun), convincingly, convincingness , invincible, invincibility, invincibleness, invincibly, vincible, vincibleness, vincibly. _vapid_ Adjective. Pronunciation and accent: væpId. Etymology: from Latin vapidus (= of wine, evaporated; hence, savourless, insipid), from vapor (= vapour.) 1. (Of wine and other spirituous liquors) savourless or insipid in consequence of having lost its alcohol or spirit; this is, without briskness. Synonyms: flat, unspirited. Antonyms: brisk, spirited. Translation: insípido, in Spanish; insipido, in Italian; insipide, in French. Chenin blanc has had a bad rap, especially in California, for producing a lot of sweetish, characterless, vapid wine. Orange Coast Magazine, March 1997 Chaptal by conveying the carbonic acid (and the mucilage dissolved in it) escaping from fermenting wine, into a tub of water, converted it into vinegar. By the same means Henry fermented wort, and made vapid beer brisk. John Naismith… Elements of agriculture 2. (With less propriety: of other beverages than the spirituous ones, of a taste, and of a comestible) insipid, savourless. He pulled his own drawing-table to the window, set out his board and colour-box, filled a great glass from the seltzer-water bottle, drank some of the vapid liquor, and plunged his brushes in the rest, with which he began to paint. William Thackeray… The Newcomes No vapid tea, or cold toast, and greasy butter, and chipped meat. Massachusetts Spy 18 Aug. 1819 Vapid […] trees, producing vapid fruit. John ɒadcock… Domestic Amusements 3. (Metaphorically) uninteresting, as if it were insipid. No, ladies and gentlemen, do not let us be discouraged or deceived by any fine, vapid, empty words. Charles Dickens… Speeches The Englishman must not be bored. When once gained, he is worth preserving. He does not affect the vapid phrases of ceremony or politesse. The New Monthly Magazine, vol. 99 Foul and filthy as the room is, foul and filthy as the air is, it is not easy to perceive what fumes those are which most oppress the senses in it; but through the general sickliness and faintness, and the odour of stale tobacco, there comes into the lawyer's mouth the bitter, vapid taste of opium. Charles Dickens (Bleak house) Other English words derived from Latin vapour: vaporability, vaporable, vaporific, vaporiform, vaporish, vaporizable, vaporization, vaporize, vaporized, vaporizing, vaporizer, vaporosity, vaporous, vaporously, vaporousness, vapour (noun, verb), vapoured, vapourer, vapouring, vapouringly, vapourish, vapourishness, vapourized, vapourless, vapoury, evaporate, evaporated, evaporating, evaporation, evaporative, evaporator, evaporite, evaporize, evapotranspire, evotranspiration, evapotranspire, reevaporate, re-evaporation. Other English words derived from vapid: vapidity, vapidly, vapidness, _volunteer_ Verb. Etymology: back-formation from VOLUNTEERING, verbal noun. Preterite tense: volunteered. Preterite participle : volunteered. Present participle: volunteering. Intransitively: to serve voluntarily as a soldier; to offer oneself for military service without compulsion. Hence, to offer of one's own will to do something. Translation: s’offrir, in French; ofrecerse como voluntario, in Spanish; offrirsi, in Italian. Synonyms: to proffer, offer. Antonym: to refuse. -)With the preposition FOR + noun of the service: For this service Parker immediately volunteered. Edgar Poe I am aware that I have volunteered for a service of great danger. ɑrthur Doyle… The ɑdventures of Gerard -)-)With the preposition ON + noun of the service or the occasion: ‘Miss Twinkleton was so uneasy, Miss Rosa,’ he explained to her, ‘and came round to Ma and me with your note, in such a state of wonder, that, to quiet her, I volunteered on this service by the very first train to be caught in the morning. Charles Dickens… The Mystery of Edwin Drood he volunteered on a dangerous service. The Living Age, vol. 60 The admiral and officers that had volunteered on this desperate undertaking… The Metropolitan, vol. 20 it refused the breast of a woman who volunteered on this singular service. Philosophical Magazine, vol. 38 -) With the preposition TO + an infinitive: Scarcely were these words uttered, when a modest double knock at the front door was heard - a summons which Mrs. Wicks volunteered to answer. George Reynolds… The mysteries of London They inspected the tree and then made a long circuit about it, finding nobody near. John […] volunteered to climb the tree and fasten the flag to its topmost stem, and Weber, after some claims on his own behalf, agreed. ɛoseph ɑltsheler… The Forest of Swords The chief merchant, who afterwards volunteered to be our travelling companion. Richard ɒurton… The Land of Midian His knowledge of horses was most useful to him now, and, as he had also learned much about automobiles in his campaigning, he volunteered to help with them too. ɛoseph ɑltsheler… The Hosts of the Air -) -)With the preposition INTO + noun of the regiment, army, etc. Many of the French prisoners had volunteered into the English service, and were formed into four companies, called the Independent Companies. ɛohn Frost… The panorama of nations He therefore volunteered into whatever ship was going to sea. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, they are never found to volunteer into the British native service. ɛohn Seely… The Wonders of Elora Captain Monk first entered the army in the Cheshire Militia, and thence volunteered into the 22d regiment. The Oriental Herald he at first concealed himself to avoid being pressed: but, upon second thoughts, be resolved to volunteer into the navy. G. Young… Voyages of Captain James CooK Transitively: 1. To offer of one's own will to do (something); to offer to undertake or perform (something). Hamilton only accompanied her to the door, and then took his leave, much to the joy of William Brayswick, who happened to be at home, and volunteered his company to take care of the ladies on their way. Elizabeth Strutt… Chances and changes On the 12th of August the Osages appeared dissatisfied with the tedious movement of our barges, and expressed a wish to cross the prairie to their villages, in case an escort were allowed them. I immediately volunteered my services, and we parted with the boats at the mouth of Grand river [the branch of the Osage], the spot where our ransomed prisoners were taken the preceding winter by the Potowatomies. Elliott Coues… The Expeditions on the resignation of the thirteenth caterer, I volunteered my services, which were gladly accepted. Frederick Marryat… Frank Mildmay William Bell, one of the journeymen gardeners, volunteered the task, and accomplished it with safety. The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal I'm here alone,” said he ; “is there any among you that will second me ?” Hundreds immediately volunteered this office ; but there was one who immediately sprung upon the stage, to the no small surprise of all present. William Carleton… The Clarionet -)With a verbal noun as object: On the 25th of February I set out, the weather thick and cloudy, accompanied by a soldier of the New South Wales Corps, one of my own people, a native and his wife, as guides. Ensign Bareillier, of the same Corps, volunteered going in the boat with the mate. ɛames Grant… Voyage of Discovery to N.S.W. -)-)Rarely found with reflexive pronoun, which is rather pleonastic in this case: The patient readily volunteered herself for the new experiment. American Medical Monthly he volunteered himself as a private soldier. The Freemason's Monthly Magazine, vol. 7 2. To tell (something) voluntarily; to make known on one's own initiative. This witness volunteered his testimony. Edgar Poe If he was my son or my brother, I believe he could not be fonder of me than he is; but he has never volunteered any confidences since he has been here, on the subject of his past life. Charles Dickens… The Lazy Tour of Two Idle Apprentices He volunteered no information about himself. George Eliot… Felix Holt the Radical At length one of the party volunteered a song that had been written on the castle. The Eclectic Magazine, vol. 51 […] to understand some remarks volunteered by that sagacious person upon some remarkable object in view. ɛohn ɒanim… The Denounced 3. To give, procure, supply (something) voluntarily. Antonyms: to withdraw; begrudge. [We] volunteered a kind of sponsorship to the society on its first establishment. The Literary Gazette, vol. 20 Bartolomeo Paruta, a skinner, volunteered two galleys and sixty arbalisters. William Hazlitt… History of the Venetian Republic Words derived from VOLUNTEER: volunteered, volunteering, volunteership. _yell_ Verb. Pronunciation: j3l. Etymology: from Old English giellan. Third-person singular simple present: he/she yells. Preterite tense, preterite participle: yelled. Present participle: yelling. Intransitively: 1. (of a person) to utter a loud cry, either purposely or in consequence of a sudden emotion, as horror, joy, pain. Antonyms: to silence, become silent. Synonyms: to scream, cry, shriek, shout, holler, roar, howl, bawl, whoop, yowl, hollo, hoot, screech, squall. Translation: gritar, in Spanish; gridare, in Italian; crier, in French. [They] were now shouting and yelling with triumph at the possibility of capturing at least one of the party. Allan Pinkerton… The Spy of the Rebellion The voice of the Invisible Man was heard for the first time, yelling out sharply, as the policeman trod on his foot. Herbert Wells… The Invisible Man […] Leo discovered that he could make men laugh and hold them listening to him even when the rain fell. Yet there were people who would sit down and cry softly, though the crowd was yelling with delight, and there were people who maintained that Leo made them do this. Rudyard ɜipling… Kipling Stories… The Indians were still yelling and dancing. Joseph Altsheler… The Masters of the Peaks -)With the preposition for, with the implication of “in order to obtain”: Who was that who was yelling for help, and what are you trying to do to him? ɑrthur Doyle… The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard The discharge to larboard produced the most terrible effect. The star and doubleheaded shot of the large guns cut seven or eight of the rafts completely asunder, and killed, perhaps, thirty or forty of the savages outright, while a hundred of them, at least, were thrown into the water, the most of them dreadfully wounded. The remainder, […], commenced at once a precipitate retreat, not even waiting to pick up their maimed companions, who were swimming about in every direction, screaming and yelling for aid. Edgar Poe… The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym He had been seen to enter the place, […] and in a few minutes the street was full of people, all yelling for his capture. Charles Dickens and Hallie Rives… Tales from Dickens -)-)With the preposition at (or upon, or to) before the animated being to whom the yell is uttered: The boys were always shouting to one another, or yelling at their horses or at the herd or at the niggers. B. M. Bower… Cow-Country The Prince had ridden up to the line of archers. He was in dark armor, his visor open, and his handsome aquiline face all glowing with spirit and martial fire. The bowmen yelled at him, and he waved his hands to them as a huntsman cheers his hounds. ɑrthur Doyle… Sir Nigel He yelled at the horse to stop, but it appeared that his whoas were so terrifying that the horse ran for its life. ɒ. M. ɒower… The Gringos […] twenty Indians came whooping and yelling upon them. Percy Bolingbroke… The trapper’s bride […] The hollow voices of the boatmen, yelling to each other as their wont is, had an uncommon tendency to diffuse themselves in echo. William Howells… Venetian Life […] he yelled to a negro girl who was standing on the porch of his house behind the store. ɛohn Fox… The Little Shepherd… I screamed to Pompey for aid; but he said that I had hurt his feelings by calling him 'an ignorant old squint-eye:' I yelled to Diana; but she only said 'bow-wowwow,' and that I had told her 'on no account to stir from the corner.' Thus I had no relief to expect from my associates. Edgar Poe 2. (Of a bird and other animals than human ones) to utter a loud cry, either instinct ively, purposely, or in consequence of a sudden emotion, as pain. Translation: chillar, in Spanish; gridare, in Italian; crier, in French. They let loose two immense bloodhounds at night, which all last night were yelling and howling at the moon. William Thackeray… Vanity Fair The robins were yelling from the trees and the sparrows bickering under them William Howells… Questionable Shapes Transitively: 1. To say or utter (something) with a yell. Synonyms: to shout, scream. Translation: gritar, in Spanish; gridare, in Italian; crier, in French. As soon as it was light in the room, the other little girl could see that the place was full of people, crammed and jammed, and they were all awfully excited, and kept yelling, “Down with the traitress!” William Howells… Chr… Every Day and Other Stories Keisha yelled to me, “ɑmber, I’m leaving! ɑre you coming with me or not?” ɛ. Love… That White Girl -)The object of the verb may be an infinitive: Rivers scribbled off a copy of the letter and then sealed it up again. He walked back to Stemples's and found a party in the wagon waiting for the barkeeper to close up and go to the ball with them. Rivers, still pretending to be drunk, staggered up to the door of the bar-room, which was just about to be closed, and walked in. There was no one present but the barkeeper; the people in the wagon were yelling to him to hurry up. ɑllan Pinkerton… The Expressman and the Detective Marcus yelled to me to watch out; the climb was slippery. Skiing, Feb. 1978 2. To cause (some one) to be in a certain state by yelling; to incite to do something with a yell. -)With the preposition into (or to): […] I threw off my coat, tied it behind me, threw away the stirrups, clapped heels to pony, and yelled him into a faster gait. Harper’s New Monthly Magazone, vol. 21 “Move!” ɜen yelled them into action, but they grumbled. Tom Davy… The Map… Other English words derived from yell: yell (noun), yeller, yelling, yelled. _wantedness_ Noun. Accent: wantedness. Etymology: from WANTED (= lacking, missing; desired, needed.), which is derived from the verb WANT. Definition: the fact or condition of being wanted (desired, needed, etc.) Antonym: unwantedness. Synonym: desiredness. Translation: el hecho de ser buscado o requerido, in Spanish; il fatto d’essere richiesto o cercato, in Italian; le fait d’être cherché, in French. Other words derived from WANT: unwanted, want (noun, verb), wanted, wanting, wantable, wantage, wanter, wantful, wantingly, wantingness, wantless, wantlessness. Although overall 91 percent of the girls and women reported that their first intercourse was voluntary, many nonetheless related the wantedness of the experience in the low or middle range. Jody Raphael… Saving Bernice Although most girls define the first time they have intercourse as being consensual in that the experience was no forced on them, there is variation in how much they desired sex. Flanigan (2003) asked girls about the “wantedness of sex” in consensual intercourse. Richard McAnulty – Michele ɒurnette… Sex and Sexuality _wean_ Verb. Pronunciation: wi;n. Etymology: Middle English wenen (= to accustom). Preterite tense: weaned. Preterite participle: weaned. Present participle: weaning. Transitively: 1. To cause (a child or other young animal) to cease to depend on its mother’s milk; to cause to cease to be suckled. Translation: destetar, in Spanish; svezzare, in Italian; sevrer, in French. […] perhaps, you had some occasion for the sucking-bottle, for, by your actions, one would imagine yon were hardly weaned. Charles Whitehead… Lives and exploits… But if we were to narrate all the wonderful events of Jack's childhood from the time of his birth up to the age of seven years, as chronicled by Sarah, who continued his dry nurse after he had been weaned, it would take at least three volumes folio. Frederick Marryat… Mr. Midshipman Easy After Robinson had accustomed the young lamas to eat grass from his hand, he gradually weaned them, and milked the dam morning and evening. Mary Howitt… A treasury of old favourite tales After being weaned, the foals are called simply colt or filly, according to the sex. Blackwood's Edinburgh magazine, Volumen 65 If the colt is healthy and thriving, he should be weaned at from five to six months old. Oscar Gleason… Gleason’s horse book b. Particular syntax: with the preposition upon, followed by a noun, designative of the food substitute: With warm stables and comfortable sheds, the autumn colt can suck the well-fed mare in the winter, and be weaned upon fresh grass in the spring, and never know a check in his growth. Oscar Gleason… Gleason’s horse book It is not true that calves are best weaned upon grass. Samuel Deane… The New-England Farmer -)Absolutely: The length of time during which an infant ought to be fed at the breast is subject to some variation. In this country, the end of the ninth month is usually considered a proper time for weaning; but much depends on the condition of the mother, and also on that of the child. Andrew Combe… The physiology of digestion 2. Metaphorically: to cause (a person, his affection, etc.) to be disconnected from something incorporeal. -)With the preposition from, followed either by a noun or by a gerund: He is […] constrained by his father to choose a wife, whose gentleness and modest behaviour soon wean his affections from his mistress. John Dunlop… History of Roman Literature What she saw of Lord de Montmorenci, delighted her. She hoped that in his society her husband would find that interest and charm, which would wean him from less eligible companions. Charlotte ɒury… Love It is a great pleasure and amusement to me to watch their proceedings. At first, [… the birds] were shy and distrustful of their fellow- lodger, but I have gradually weaned them from their fears, and they now come and pick up crumbs which I throw to them at meals. William Cumming… Notes of a wanderer -)-)Reflexively: At this period I had resolved gradually to wean myself from opium. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine I hoped he would visit me sometimes, that I might, by degrees, wean myself from his company. George Smollett… The adventures of Peregrine Pickle […] I found that he had offered a florin for a little bread and cheese, and then a dollar, and even more. Being again refused, he complained heavily; but gradually he weaned himself from asking for it. Thomas De Quincey… Narrative and Miscellaneous Papers -) Intransitively: My mind had been gradually weaning from Mr. Falkland, till its feeling rose to something like abhorrence. William Godwin… Caleb Williams Derived: weanable, weaned, weanedness, weaner, weaning, weanling. _Weather-bound_ Participial adjective. Etymology: it is analysed into weather and bound. Definition: prevented from going out, sailing, travelling, or other outdoor act, by such an inconvenient weather as rain, snow, etc. Translation: impedido de salir por mal tiempo, in Spanish; empêché de sortir pour cause de mauvais temps, in French; impedito di lasciare per causa di maltempo, in Italian. […] though weather-bound at Riva by one of those storms for which this lake is famous, we saw not a wave upon its surface. Mary Shelley… Rambles in Germany and Italy To-day we are weather-bound. The rain began this morning on a strong south wind which turned into a real storm. The Letters of Gertrude Bell ‘You see, sir, I am come, according to promise!’ I exclaimed, assuming the cheerful; ‘and I fear I shall be weather-bound for half an hour, if you can afford me shelter during that space.’ Emily ɒronte… Wuthering Heights They were forced to tarry at Elsingburg three days, weather-bound, before they could cross the ferry to the island of Zealand. Agnes Strickland… queens of England We were weather-bound until two o’clock. We had an extraordinary rain-storm which lasted all morning. Edward Penny… customs and society of Mexico I was weather-bound by a premature snowstorm for a couple of days, and among my fellow sufferers at the little hostelry were Anthony and his daughter. John Ironside… The Red Symbol _Weedery_ Noun. Plural: weederies. Pronunciation and accent: wiːdərɪ. Etymology: from the noun “weed” + -ery. Definition: the weeds growing in a place; weeds collectively. Translation: mauvaises herbes d'un lieu, in French; malas hierbas de un lugar, in Spanish; erbacce di un luogo, in Italian. […] it was my delight to share the tasks of my friends, to assist in bringing home curious stones from the from the rubbish-heap of some deserted mine, to complete the embankment of the brook, or transfer to Miss Haggerston's garden roots of the choice flowers, almost lost in the deserted weedery of the Hall. Catherine Frances… Temptation and atonement Words derived from weed: weedable, weedage, weeded, weeder, weedful, weeding, weedless, weedling, weedy. _wince_ Verb. Pronunciation: wɪns. Etymology: from Middle English wincen, from Old French guencir (= to turn aside). Preterite tense: winced. Preterite participle: winced. Present participle: wincing. Intransitively: 1. Obsolete acceptation: to kick as a horse does when restive. 2. To draw back involuntarily in consequence of a pain, a sudden affection, etc., or in order to avoid a contact; to make an involuntary and slight movement backward. Synonyms: to shrink, start back, flinch, recoil. Translation: reculer, in French; recular, in Spanish; rinculare, in Italian. "That is just Lord Dublin's notion, also," went on Mr. Delville, persisting on continuing a subject under which several of his hearers winced. Clara Cameron… Lights and shadows… -)With the preposition AT, followed by a noun, by which the cause is designated: “Latimer, I owe my child’s life probably to you. How shall I repay the debt?” cried Mr. Cavendish, attempting, as he spoke, to clasp Herbert’s hand. He winced at the touch. New Peterson magazine “ […] Where does it hurt the most?” she continued, pressing her fingers upon the swollen place. The boy winced at the touch. Sartain's Union Magazine of Literature and Art Brunton winced a little at this question, but answered, with assumed carelessness. Dudley Costello… The millionaire of mincing lane

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Antiacademy English Dictionary by Estefalu

Antiacademy English Dictionary by Estefalu

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