Ruthenica, 2009, vol. 19, No. 2: 67-72, Published December 17, 2009. ©Ruthenica, 2009 http://www.ruthenica.com On the forgotten species from the Russian Far-East seas, Plicifusus olivaceus Bartsch, 1929 Yuri I. KANTOR A.N.Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prospect 33, Moscow 119071, RUSSIA; kantor@malaco-sevin.msk.ru ABSTRACT. Plicifusus olivaceus Bartsch, 1929, described from the Sea of Japan in the vicinities of Vladivostok was never recorded or mentioned since original description. The species is re-described. Mohnia okhotskana Tiba, 1981 is considered as junior subjective synonym. The species is attributed to Retimohnia McLean, 1995. This genus was synonymised with Retifusus Dall, 1916 by Kosyan [2007] and Kosyan and Kantor [2009]. The synonymisation is here considered invalid and Retimohnia is re-established. In 1925 and 1926 K.M. Derjugin, professor of the Leningrad State University collected some molluscs in Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea) in vicinities of Vladivostok. Facing problems with the species identifications, he sent a selection of shells to Paul Bartsch, curator of the Mollusca of the U.S. National Museum (Smithsonian Institution). On the basis of this collection Barstch published a paper [1929] in the series Explorations des mers d’U.S.S.R (И ва я . . . .), published by the State Hydrological Institute in Leningrad (presently St.Petersburg). The manuscript was published in Russian (pp. 129 and 130 — extended abstract ) and English (the rest of the text, including descriptions of the new taxa). Bartsch also prepared a manuscript that was never published but was stored in the library of the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Leningrad. In this manuscript Bartsch described some new species and later few of them were validated by Golikov and Gulbin [1977], e.g. Oenopota valentina Bartsch in Golikov et Gulbin, 1977 and Oe. kinkasanensis Bartsch in Golikov et Gulbin, 1977. Bartsch published one more paper on Oenopotinae from the Japan Sea [1941], based on the materials of K.M.Derjugin. While the latter publication was well known to the western Malacological community, the former one was scarcely known to American malacologists, probably due to the difficulties in obtaining the copy of the publication (Fig. 1). Bartsch described 13 species of bivalves and gastropods. Most of the species were later considered as junior synonyms by Soviet (Russian) malacologists: Bivalvia Felaniella olivacea Bartsch, 1929 — as junior synonym of F. usta (Gould, 1861) [Scarlato, 1981]; Soletellina (Nuttalia) petri Bartsch, 1929 — as junior synonym of Nuttalia commoda (Yokoyama, 1925) [Scarlato, 1981]; Spisula vladivostokensis Bartsch, 1929 — as junior synonym of Macromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860) [Scarlato, 1981]; Corbula vladivostokensis Bartsch, 1929 — as junior synonym of Potamocorbula amurensis (Schrenck, 1862) [Scarlato, 1981]. Only single species of Bivalvia, Macoma lama Bartsch, 1929 is presently considered valid. The situation was not better with gastropods: Chrysodomus vladivostokensis Bartsch, 1929 was considered as a junior synonym of Neptunea constricta (Dall, 1907) [Golikov, 1963]. Recently it was re-established without any discussion by Fraussen and Terryn [2007]. Buccinum derjugini Bartsch, 1929 — as junior synonym of Buccinum verkruzeni Kobelt, 1882 [Golikov, 1980]; Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) petri Bartsch, 1929 and Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) vladivostokensis Bartsch, 1929 — as junior synonyms of Pyrgolampros rufofasciata (E. A. Smith, 1875) [Golikov, Scarlato, 1985]; Alaba vladivostokensis Bartsch, 1929 — as junior synonym of Diffalaba picta (A. Adams, 1861) [Golikov, Scarlato, 1967]; Gibbula derjugini Bartsch, 1929 — as junior synonym of Lirularia iridescens (Schrenck, 1863) [Galkin, 1955]. Nevertheless one species described by Bartsch — Plicifusus olivaceus missed attention of Russian malacologists and was never mentioned since original publication, even in Kantor and Sysoev catalogue [2006]. During visiting curatorship in the Natural History Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC (USNM), I have examined the holotype of Plicifusus olivaceus. Below is the re-description of the species with the remarks on its taxonomy. 68 Yu. I. Kantor FIG. 1. The cover of the reprint of the Bartsch paper [1929] from the library of Malacology of USNM. И . 1. а [Bartsch, 1929] я Е в а. а И а а а а в а а - Systematics Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815 Colinae Gray, 1857 Retimohnia olivacea (Bartsch, 1929) (Fig. 2) Plicifusus olivaceus Bartsch, 1929: 138-139, pl. 4, fig. 8. Mohnia okhotskana Tiba, 1981: 86, pl. 30, figs. 6-7, syn. nov. Material examined: type material. Type material: holotype, USNM 369037. Type locality: at Vladivostok. Description: shell of medium size, relatively thick, solid, elongate ovate in outline with attenuated conical spire, which seems short due to erosion of protoconch and upper teleoconch whorls. Teleoconch of 4+ remaining evenly convex whorls, separated by deep, slightly adpressed suture. Axial sculpture of well pronounced rounded and curved, nearly coaxial ribs, 14 on the last whorl and 12 on the penultimate. Interspaces between ribs are approximately twice wider that the ribs. Spiral sculpture of thin unevenly spaced grooves, covering entire shell surface, 19 on last whorl and 9 on penultimate. Aperture moderately high, oval, tapering posteriorly beneath suture. Outer lip evenly rounded. Columella about 1/2 aperture length, slightly concave, with strong siphonal fold. Callus of thin transparent glaze overlying the parietal region, siphonal fasciole. Siphonal canal rather narrow, very slightly dorsally recurved, with straight columellar and rounded apertural margins, deflected to the left. Shell color pale brown, outer shell lip and columellar white. Shell covered with thin and smooth olive periostracum. Operculum unknown. Measurements: shell length (SL) 23.1 mm, body whorl length 6.6 mm, aperture length (with the canal) 13.4 mm; shell diameter 11.4 mm. Remarks: although the species name is not used in current literature, the species was recorded in the Far-East seas of Russia under other name, Mohnia okhotskana Tiba, 1981. The species was described from north-western part of Okhotsk Sea (near Kamchatka Peninsula) (Fig. 2D), also found in the Kurile Islands (Fig. 2E-F) and in the Japan Sea (type locality of Plicifusus olivaceus Bartsch). Unfortunately neither radulae, nor operculums were originally described for olivaceus and okhotskana. Radulae of several specimens were examined and illustrated by Kosyan [2007] (Fig. 2G) under the name of Retifusus jessoensis. The lateral teeths are tricuspid with the outermost cusp being the longest and innermost being slightly shorter that the intermediate. The rachidian is with three major robust cusps. The central one being the longest. Abutting the lateral cusps there are small denticles, which can become nearly completely absolete. Discussion It is not easy to assign “Plicifusus” olivaceus to recognized genera of Buccinidae. There are several conchologically similar genera in the North-Western Pacific. Recently they were reviewed by Kosyan [2007]. The species of Plicifusus are characterized by larger shells with well attenuated siphonal canal and numerous axial folds. The lateral radular teeth are tricuspid with the median cusp being the shortest, that differentiate the radula from that found in P. olivaceus. Conchologically the species under consideration is much closer to genera Retifusus Dall, 1916 [type species Tritonium (Fusus) jessoensis Schrenck, 1863 in 1862-1863] or Retimohnia McLean, 1995 (type species Mohnia frielei Dall, 1891). Species attributed to both genera are characterised by small or medium sized shell with strong axial sculpture and pronounced spiral sculpture with re- Forgotten species, Plicifusus olivaceus Bartsh 69 FIG. 2. Retimohnia olivacea (Bartsch, 1929). A-C — holotype, USNM 369037, SL 23.1 mm. D — holotype of Mohnia okhotskana, Institute of Malacology, Tokyo, Japan, IMT-81-2 [after Tiba, 1981]. E-G — ZIN 28437/12, Kurile Islands, 76 m, 33.7 mm, E-F, after Kantor, Sysoev, 2006, pl. 101L, as Mohnia okhotskana Tiba, 1981, G — dorsal view of the central part of the radular membrane [after Kosyan, 2007]. И . 2. Retimohnia olivacea (Bartsch, 1929). A-C — , USNM 369037, SL 23.1 mm. D — Mohnia okhotskana, И а а ,Т , я, IMT-81-2 [ Tiba, 1981]. E-G — ZIN 28437/12, К ва, 76 , SL 33.7 mm, E-F, Kantor, Sysoev, 2006, pl. 101L, а Mohnia okhotskana Tiba, 1981, G — а в а а а я а [ Kosyan, 2007]. 70 Yu. I. Kantor FIG. 3. A-E — Mohnia frielei Dall, 1891, syntype, USNM 122653, off Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia, 876 fms., Albatross sta. 2860, 51°23’00’’N, 130°34’00’’W, SL 15.8 mm. D-E — dorsal view of the central part of the radular membrane. F-G — Retifusus jessoensis (Schrenck, 1863), northern Kurile Islands, Paramushir Id., 156-165 m, SL 21.0 mm. Dorsal (F) and right lateral (G) views of the central part of the radular membrane [after Kosyan, 2007]. И . 3. A-E — Mohnia frielei Dall, 1891, , USNM 122653, Queen Charlotte Island, а ая К я, 1603 , Albatross . 2860, 51°23’00’’N, 130°34’00’’W, SL 15.8 mm. D-E — а в а а а я а . F-G — Retifusus jessoensis (Schrenck, 1863), в К ва, а а , 156-165 , SL 21.0 . а (F) ав а а (G) в а а а я а [ Kosyan, 2007]. Forgotten species, Plicifusus olivaceus Bartsh latively short siphonal canal. Kosyan [2007] and later Kosyan and Kantor [2009] synonymised both genera on the basis of the similarity of the radula of Retifusus jessoensis and Retimohnia frielei, which they considered as synonyms. Both radulae described were characterised by rachidian bearing 5 or 6 subequal in size cusps. Nevertheless recently the new data were obtained on the radula of Mohnia frielei Dall, 1891 (the type species of Retimohnia McLean) (Fig. 3). I was able to extract and examine the radula of the syntype (Fig. 3 A-E) that was stored in the USNM with the dried body inside the shell. The radula appeared to be very similar to that found in olivaceus (=okhotskana) in the shape of the rachidian, including the presence of the small denticles abutting the lateral cusps. The major differences are the greater overlap of the teeth (especially well seen on rachidians) in olivaceus comparing to Retimohnia frielei. At the same time it is rather different from the radula, found in Retifusus jessoensis (Fig. 3 F-G). This may suggest that Kosyan [2007] and Kosyan and Kantor [2009] erroneously identified the specimen of frielei 71 for which the radula was examined. It is also possible that two species with very similar shell exist in NW Pacific that differ in radular morphology. The situation is not uncommon in Neogastropoda [e.g., Kantor et al., 2008]. In any case the synonimisation of Retifusus and Retimohnia may appear to be premature and some more research are necessary to clarify this situation. Therefore I prefer to re-establish Retimohnia as valid and include into it Plicifusus olivaceus. It should be noted, that the radula of this species was illustrated under erroneous name Retifusus jessoensis in Kosyan and Kantor [2009] (Fig. 37). Acknowledgements I want to express my thanks to M.G.Harasewych, curator of the Natural History Museum, Smithsonian Institution, who provided the opportunity to examine the type material of the species under consideration during my visit to USNM. I also would like to thank A.R.Kosyan from my laboratory for providing some SEM photographs of the radulae and shell and discussion of the case. References Bartsch P. 1929. Report upon the collection of marine mollusks made by Prof. K. Derjugin in the Gulf of Peter the Great. Issledovaniya morei SSSR, 10: 129-140 [In Russian and English]. Bartsch P. 1941. The nomenclatorial status of certain northern turritid mollusks. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 54: 1-14. Fraussen K., Terryn Y. 2007. The family Buccinidae. Genus Neptunea. A Conchological Iconography, 166 pp., 154 plates. Galkin Yu.I. 1955. Gastropod molluscs trochids of Far Eastern and northern seas of the USSR (Family Trochidae). Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim institutom Akademii nauk SSSR, 57: 131 p. [In Russian]. Golikov A.N. 1963. Gastropods of the genus Neptunea Bolten. Fauna SSSR, Zoologicheskiy Institut Akademii nauk SSSR. Leningrad, Nauka, Mollusks, 5(1): 1-217 [In Russian]. Golikov A.N. 1980. Molluscs Buccinidae of the World Ocean. Fauna SSSR, Zoologicheskiy Institut Akademii nauk SSSR. Leningrad, Nauka, Mollusks, 5(2): 466 p. [In Russian]. Golikov A.N., Gulbin V.V. 1977. Prosobranchiate gastropods (Gastropoda, Prosobranchiata) of the shelf of Kurile Islands. II. Ordo Hamiglossa Homoestropha. In: Fauna of coastal zones of Kurile Islands. Nauka. Moscow: 172-268 [In Russian]. Golikov A.N., Scarlato O.A. 1967. Molluscs of the Possiet Bay (the Sea of Japan) and their ecology. Molluscs and their role in biocoenosis and fauna formation. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR, 42: 5-154 [In Russian]. Golikov A.N., Scarlato O.A. 1985. Shell-bearing gastropod and bivalve molluscs of the shelf of southern Sakhalin and their ecology. In: Biocenoses and fauna of the shelf of south Sakhalin. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 30(38): 360-487 [In Russian]. Kantor Yu. I., Puillandre N., Olivera B. M., Bouchet Ph. 2008. Morphological proxies for taxonomic decision in turrids (Mollusca, Neogastropoda): a test of the value of shell and radula characters using molecular data. Zoological Science, 25: 1156-1170. Kantor Yu. I., Sysoev A.V. Marine and brackishwater Gastropoda of Russia and adjacent countries: an illustrated catalogue. KMK Scientific Press Ltd., 2006: 1-371, 140 col. plates [In Russian and English]. Kosyan A.R. 2007. Morphology and taxonomy of the gastropods of the subfamily Colinae (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) of the Far-East seas of Russia . PhD dissertation. A.N.Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Ac. Sci., Moscow, 223 pp. [In Russian]. Kosyan A.R., Kantor Yu. I. 2009. Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Colinae (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) based on morphological characters. The Nautilus, 123(3): 83–94. Scarlato O.A. 1981. Bivalve molluscs of temperate latitudes of western part of the Pacific. Opre- 72 Yu. I. Kantor deliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim institutom AN SSSR, 126: 480 p. [In Russian]. Tiba R. 1981. Descriptions of three new species of the genus Mohnia. Bulletin of the Institute of Malacology of Tokyo, 1(6): 85-87, pl. 30. ” а в а в , Plicifusus olivaceus Bartsch, 1929 .И. К Т И е е е ц , е tor@malaco-sevin.msk.ru ц . 33, А . А. . 119071; kan- РЕЗЮМЕ. Plicifusus olivaceus Bartsch, 1929, а я а в а, а а яв а а в а я. а ва ва я в а а а в а в а. Mohnia okhotskana Tiba, 1981 а а а в . Retimohnia McLean, 1995. ва Retifusus Dall, 1916 К я [2007] Kosyan а а в Kantor [2009]. а я а я а ва в а в . This paper is published on a CD-ROM to comply with the Article 8.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The copies of the CD-ROM were mailed on the date mentioned on the front page to: Department of biological literature of the Library on Natural Sciences of Russian Ac. Sci., Library of Zoological Institution of Russian Ac. Sci., Malacology library of Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France), Malacology library of the Natural History Museum (London, UK), Library of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC, USA); Thomson Reuters (publishers of Zoological Record). ва а а CD-ROM, в в ва я а 8.6 а а . К CD-ROM а а в , аа а в а в : а ( ва), ая яв я я в а а а а а ( Е ); а ; а а Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle ( а ,Ф а я); а а Natural History Museum (London, UK), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC, USA); Thomson Reuters ( а Zoological Record). К а а а я