FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FOR FISHERY PURPOSES
PROJECT UNDP/FAO PAK/77/033
FIELD GUIDE
COMMERCIAL MARINE AND BRACKISH
WATER SPECIES OF PAKISTAN
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS
FOR FISHERY PURPOSES
FIELD GUIDE TO THE COMMERCIAL MARINE AND BRACKISH-WATER SPECIES OF PAKISTAN
by
Gabriella Bianchi
Consultant
Marine Resources Service
Fishery Resources and Environment Division
Fisheries Department, FAO
Prepared with the support of
PAK/77/033 and FAO (FIRM) Regular Programme
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome 1985
- ii -
The designations employed and the presentation
of mater al in this publication do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the
part of the Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations concerning the legal
status of any country, territory, city or area or
of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation
of its frontiers or boudaries.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior
permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission,
with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should
be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100
Rome, Italy.
©
FAO 1984
- iii PREPARATION OF DOCUMENT
This document was prepared under the UNDP/FAO Marine Fisheries Development Project (PAK/77/033), in
collaboration with the FAO Regular Programme.
The author travelled to Pakistan in November 1984 for the purpose of assessing, at landing places and in
markets, present constraints in local routine work involving identification and denomination of commercial
marine and brackish-water species, and to examine, in collaboration with national counterpart personnel, the
species composition of catches at selected places, for the purpose of collecting data and information by species
to be used for the preparation of this field guide. Additional information, especially on local denominations, was
provided by Dr B.C. Russell, who travelled to Pakistan in September/October 1985.
The basic reference used during the mission was the recently published set of FAO Species Identification
Sheets for Fishery Purposes - Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51) which proved to be invaluable for this
purpose.
However, this document is somewhat cumbersome to use for the average data collector since it
includes many species not landed in Pakistan. It also does not provide local species denominations used within
the country.
The preparation of the actual field guide was carried out by using illustrations and taxonomic data from the
above-mentioned set of Identification Sheets, as well as the notes and local species names collected during the
field mission. The final document was prepared under the FAO Species Identification Programme, and the
printing was funded by the FAO Regular Programme.
The author wishes to express her gratitude to all those who have contributed in one way or another to the
implementation of this project, and particularly to:
- Dr W. Brandhorst, Chief Technical Adviser, UNDP/FAO Marine Fisheries Development Project
(Pakistan) for his effective support to the field activities in Pakistan and to the elaboration of the final
document at FAO/HQ.
- Dr Abdul Majid, Director General, Marine Fisheries Department (Pakistan).
- Ms Nadira Mirza, Museum Curator, Marine Fisheries Department (Pakistan) for her valuable help in the
collection of data by species throughout the mission.
- Messrs M. Khalil Uddin, Research Officer and A.H. Zaidi, Senior Statistician, Marine Fisheries
Department (Pakistan), for providing valuable information especially on local species names and
statistical data, respectively.
- Messrs M. Moazzam Khan, Senior Research Officer, Directorate of Fisheries Government of Baluchistan and M. Sadic Niazi, Zoologist, Zoological Survey Department (Pakistan), for having provided
precious information on local species denominations and fisheries of the Baluchistan region. Mr Niazi,
in particular, made available an unpublished work on "The commercial fishes of Pakistan" (by M. Farooq
Ahmad and M. Sadiq Niazi).
- Mr N.P. van Zalinge, Resources Management Adviser, UNDP/FAO Marine Fisheries Development
Project, Karachi (Pakistan), for the information on the shrimp fisheries of Pakistan.
- To the FAO staff in Pakistan and at FAO/HQ for their valuable assistance at the various stages of the
work and in particular to Mrs M. Kautenberger-Longo who skillfully assisted with the typing and page
composition of the document.
- To Dr J.E. Randall, B. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, for kindly providing his valuable colour slides
which were already used in the Species Identification Sheets for the Western Indian Ocean.
Special thanks are due to:
- Dr B.C. Russell, Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia, for his
substantial contribution in the collection of local names and additional information on habitat and
biology of several species.
- Dr Mathias Stehmann, Institut für Seefischerei, Zoologisches Institut and Zoologisches Museum der
Universitat Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, for having provided all the taxonomic information
on the batoid fishes of Pakistan. This section could not have been included without his help.
- Dr L.B. Holthuis, Rijksmuseum Van Natuurlijke Histoire, The Netherlands, for helping in the selection
of species of crabs and for providing information and iconographic sources for this group.
Technical Editor:
W. Fischer
Senior Fishery Resources Officer
Marine Resources Service
Fishery Resources and Environment Division
For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as follows:
Bianchi, G.,
1985
FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and
brackish-water species of Pakistan. Prepared with the support of PAK/77/033 and FAO (FIRM)
Regular Programme. Rome, FAO, 200 p.
- iv -
Summary
This field guide includes the marine and brackish-water
species of bony fishes, sharks, batoid fishes, lobsters,
shrimps, crabs and cephalopods believed to be of interest
to fisheries in Pakistan. Each major resources group is
introduced by a general section on technical terms, followed by an annotated and illustrated list of the more
i mportant species which includes FAO names, local names
commonly used (Sindhi, Baluchi and English), maximum
size, habitat, fishing gear and interest to fisheries.
A
composite index of scientific and vernacular family and
species names is also provided.
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- v TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I N TROD UCTI ON
BON Y FI S HES
TECHNICAL TERMS
Families
Megalopidae - Tarpons
Albulidae - Bonefishes
Elopidae - Tenpounders
Clupeidae - Sardinellas, sardines, herrings, shads, pellonas
Engraulidae - Anchovies, thryssas
Chirocentridae - Wolf-herrings
Muraenidae - Morays
Muraenesocidae - Pike congers
Congridae - Congers
Ariidae - Sea catfishes
Plotosidae - Eel catfishes
Chanidae - Milkfishes
Synodontidae - Lizardfishes
Harpadontidae - Bombay ducks
Bregmacerotidae - Codlets
Exocoetidae - Flyingfishes
Hemiramphidae - Halfbeaks
Belonidae - Needlefishes
Holocentridae - Squirrelfishes, soldierfishes
Fistulariidae - Cornetfishes
Scorpaenidae - Scorpionfishes, stingfishes, etc
Triglidae - Gurnards
Platycephalidae - Flatheads
Centropomidae - Barramundis
Serranidae - Groupers, seabasses, rockcods, etc
Teraponidae - Terapon perches, terapons
Sillaginidae - Sillagos
Lactariidae - False trevallies
Rachycentridae - Cobias
Echeneididae - Sharksuckers
Carangidae - Jacks, trevallies, scads, runners, etc
Coryphaenidae - Dolphinfishes
Menidae - Moonfishes
Leiognathidae - Ponyfishes, toothponies
Gerreidae - Silver-biddies
Lutjanidae - Jobfishes, snappers
Nemipteridae - Threadfin breams, monocle breams
Lobotidae - Tripletails
Haemulidae (Pomadasyidae) - Sweetlips, rubberlips, hotlips, grunters, piggies
Lethrinidae - Emperors, pig-face breams, large-eye breams
Sparidae - Seabreams, soldierbreams
Sciaenidae - Croakers, drums, etc
Mullidae - Goatfishes
Ephippidae - Spadefishes
Drepanidae - Sicklefishes
Platacidae - Batfishes
Scatophagidae - Scats
Pomacanthidae - Angelfishes
Pomacentridae - Damselfishes
Mugilidae - Mullets
Sphyraenidae - Barracudas
Polynemidae - Threadfins
Labridae - Wrasses
Scaridae - Parrotfishes
Siganidae - Spinefoots, rabbitfishes
Scombridae - Albacores, bonitos, kawakawas, mackerels, etc
Trichiuridae - Hairtails
Istiophoridae - Sailfishes, marlins
Xiphiidae - Swordfishes
Stromateidae - Silver pomfrets
Nomeidae - Driftfishes
Ariommidae - Ariommas
Psettodidae - Spiny turbots
Bothidae - Lefteye flounders
xi
1
3
3
3
4
11
14
15
16
17
18
22
23
23
24
25
25
26
27
28
28
29
29
30
31
31
36
37
38
38
38
39
53
53
54
57
58
64
67
68
73
74
78
86
89
89
89
90
90
90
91
95
97
98
98
99
100
104
105
107
107
108
109
109
109
- vi Page
Soleidae - Soles
Cynoglossidae - Tonguesoles
Balistidae - Triggerfishes
Monacanthidae - Leatherjackets
Tetraodontidae - Pufferfishes
Triacanthidae - Tripodfishes
S HARKS
TECHNICAL TERMS
Families
Alopiidae - Thresher sharks
Carcharhinidae - Requiem sharks
Ginglymostomatidae - Nurse sharks
Hemigaleidae - Snaggletooth sharks
Hemiscylliidae - Carpetsharks
Lamnidae - Makos
Odontaspididae - Tigersharks
Rhiniodontidae - Whalesharks
Scyliorhinidae - Catsharks
Sphyrnidae - Hammerheads
Stegostomatidae - Zebra sharks
Triakidae - Topes
BATOI D FI S HES
TECHNICAL TERMS
Families
Dasyatidae - Stingrays, whiprays
Gymnuridae - Butterfly rays
Mobulidae - Devilrays, mantas
Myliobatidae - Eaglerays
Narcinidae - Electric rays
Narkidae - Numbrays
Pristidae - Sawfishes
Rajidae - Skates
Rhinobatidae - Guitarfishes
Rhinopteridae - Cownose rays
Rhynchobatidae - Wedgefishes
Torpedinidae - Electric rays
LOBS TERS
TECHNICAL TERMS
Families
Palinuridae - Spiny lobsters
Scyllaridae - Locust lobsters
S HRI MP S AN D P RAW N S
TECHNICAL TERMS
Families
Penaeidae - Penaeid shrimps, penaeid prawns
Solenoceridae - Mud shrimps
112
115
115
115
116
117
118
119
124
125
125
126
126
127
127
127
129
129
131
132
135
135
136
138
138
139
139
140
141
141
142
143
144
146
147
148
155
TRUE CRAB S
TECHNICAL TERMS
Families
Portunidae - Coral crabs, swimming crabs
Calappidae - Box crabs
CEP HALOP OD S
TECHNICAL TERMS
Families
Loliginidae - Squids
Octopodidae - Octopuses
Sepiidae - Cuttlefishes
I N D EX OF S CI EN TI FI C AN D VERN ACULAR N AMES
157
158
159
161
163
164
167
169
COLOUR P LATES
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- vii -
COLOUR PLATES
PLATE I
MEGALOPIDAE
CLUPEIDAE
ENGRAULIDAE
SYNODONTIDAE
1
2
3
4
5
6
Megalops cyprinoides 580 mm TL, Madagascar
Anodontostoma chacunda 105 mm SL, India
Hilsa kelee 228 mm TL, Madagascar
Sardinella albella 148 mm TL, Madagascar
Stolephorus commersonii 95 mm SL, India
Saurida undosquamis 363 mm TL, Bahrain
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PLATE II
HEMIRAMPHIDAE
BELONIDAE
SERRANIDAE
7
9
10
11
12
Hemiramphus far 355 mm TL, Madagascar
Strongylura strongylura 343 mm SL, India
Epinephelus bleekeri 337 mm SL, India
Epinephelus chlorostigma 327 mm SL, Red Sea
Epinephelus diacanthus 329 mm SL, India
Epinephelus fasciatus 153 mm SL, Mauritius
PLATE III
13
14
15
16
17
18
Epinephelus
Epinephelus
Epinephelus
Epinephelus
Epinephelus
Epinephelus
fuscoguttatus 90 mm SL, Red Sea
latifasciatus 274 mm SL, India
malabaricus 584 mm SL, Red Sea
morrhua 345 mm SL, Red Sea
tauvina 310 mm SL, Red Sea
undulosus 158 mm SL, the Philippines
PLATE IV
TERAPONIDAE
SILLAGINIDAE
CARANGIDAE
19
20
21
22
23
24
Terapon jarbua 138 mm TL, Madagascar
Terapon pota 105 mm SL, Bahrain
Sillag o sihama 1B7 mm SL, India
Alectis i ndicus 265 mm TL, Madagascar
Alepes djedaba 185 mm TL, Madagascar
Carangoides bajad 430 mm SL, Bahrain
PLATE V
25
26
27
28
29
30
Carangoides chrysophrys 262 mm FL, India
Carangoides ferdau 243 mm SL, Bahrain
Carangoides malabaricus 272 mm SL, Bahrain
Caranx ignobilis 215 mm TL, Madagascar
Caranx sexfasciatus 705 mm TL, Madagascar
Megalaspis cordata 372 mm TL, Madagascar
PLATE VI
MENIDAE
31
32
33
34
35
36
Scomberoides ly san 202 mm TL, Madagascar
Scomberoides tol 365 mm TL, Madagascar
Trachinotus blochii 687 mm TL, Bahrain
Trachinotus mookalee 548 mm FL, India
Trachurus indicus 189 mm TL, The Gulf
Mene maculata 175 mm TL, Madagascar
PLATE VII
LEIOGNATHIDAE
37
38
39
40
41
42
Gazza minuta 127 mm TL
Leiognathus berbis 93 mm TL
Leiognathus bindus 123 mm TL
Leiognathus blochi 90 mm TL
Leiognathus brevirostris 104 mm TL
Leiognathus daura 131 mm TL
Drawing prov. by
Drawing prov. by
Drawing prov.by
Drawing prov. by
Drawing prov.by
Drawing prov.by
P.S.B.R. James
P.S.B.R. James
P.S.B.R. James
P.S.B.R. James
P.S.B.R. James
P.S.B.R. James
Drawing prov. by
Drawing prov. by
Drawing prov. by
Drawing prov.by
Drawing prov.by
Drawing prov. by
P.S.B.R. James
P.S.B.R. James
P.S.B.R. James
P.S.B.R. James
P.S.B.R. James
P.S.B.R. James
PLATE VIII
43
44
45
46
47
48
Leiognathus
Leiognathus
Leiognathus
Leiognathus
Leiognathus
Leiognathus
dussumieri 131 mm TL
equulus 156 mm TL
fasciatus 90 mm TL
leuciscus 125 mm TL
lineolatus 103 mm TL
splendens 120 mm TL
- viii -
PLATE IX
LUTJANIDAE
49
50
51
52
53
54
Secutor insidiator 107 mm TL
Aphareus furcatus
Aprion virescens
Etelis carbunculus
Lipocheilus carnolabrum
Lutjanus argentimaculatus
Drawing prov. by P.S.B.R. James
Drawing: M. Thompson
Drawing: R. Swainston
Drawing: M. Thompson
Drawing: M. Thompson
Drawing: R. Swainston
PLATE X
55
56
57
58
59
60
Lutj anus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
bengalensis
bohar
caeruleolineatus
ehrenbergii
erythropterus
fulviflamma
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M.
M.
M.
M.
R.
R.
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Swainston
Swainston
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M. Thompson
R. Swainston
R. Swainston
M. Thompson
R. Swainston
M. Thompson
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R. Swainston
M. Thompson
R. Swainston
M. Thompson
R. Swainston
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R. Swainston
R. Swainston
R. Swainston
P. Lastrico
M. Thompson
M. Thompson
PLATE XI
61
62
63
64
65
66
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
fulvus
g i bbus
j ohnii
kasmira
lemniscatus
lunulatus
PLATE XII
67
68
69
70
71
72
Lutjanus
Lutj anus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Lutj anus
lutjanus
malabaricus
rivulatus
russelli
sanquineus
sebae
PLATE XIII
73
74
75
76
77
78
Lutjanus vitta
Macolor niger
Paracaesio xanthurus
Pinjalo pinjalo
Pristipomoides multidens
Pristipomoides zonatus
PLATE XIV
NEMIPTERIDAE
79
80
81
82
83
84
Nemipterus bipunctatus
Nemipterus j aponicus 186 mm SL, Madras, India
Nemipterus metopias
Parascolopis eriomma 198 mm SL, Ryukyu Islands
Scolopsis vosmeri 159 mm SL, Sri Lanka
Scolopsis bimaculatus 90 mm SL, Mulloor Point, India
Drawing: D. Eggleston
Photo: J.E. Randall
Drawing: D. Eggleston
Photo: J.E. Randall
Photo: J.E. Randall
Photo: J.E. Randall
PLATE XV
LOBOTIDAE
HAEMULIDAE
85
86
87
88
89
90
Scolopsis ghanam 150 mm SL, Red Sea
Lobotes surinamensis 480 mm TL, Madagascar
Diagramma pictum 504 mm SL, Red Sea
Plectorhinchus gibbosus 277 mm SL, Seychelles
Plectorhinchus orientalis 216 mm SL, Sri Lanka
Pomadasys furcatus 230 mm TL, Madagascar
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PLATE XVI
LETHRINIDAE
91
92
93
94
95
96
Pomadasys maculatura 122 mm SL, India
Pomadasys kaakan 212 mm TL Madagascar
Lethrinus elongatus 430 mm SL, Marshall Islands
Lethrinus harak 207 mm SL, Sudan
Lethrinus microdon 122 mm SL, New Britain
Lethrinus nebulosus 234 mm SL, India
- ix -
PLATE XVII
SPARIDAE
97
98
99
100
101
102
Lethrinus ramak 295 mm SL, Marshall Islands
Monotaxis grandoculis 220 mm SL, Marshall Islands
Acanthopagrus berda 185 mm TL, Madagascar
Acanthopagrus bifasciatus 260 mm SL, Bahrain
Argyrops sinifer 288 mm SL, Bahrain
Crenidens crenidens 198 mm TL, Madagascar
Photo: J.E. Randall
Photo: J.E. Randall
Photo: G. Bianchi
Photo: J.E. Randall
Photo: J.E. Randall
Photo: G. Bianchi
PLATE XVIII
SCIAENIDAE
MULLIDAE
103
104
105
106
107
108
Dendrophysa russelli 137 mm SL, India
Otolithes ruber 217 mm SL, India
Mulloides flavolineatus 158 mm SL, Mauritius
Mulloides vanicolensis 150 mm SL, Tanzania
Parupeneus barberinus 243 mm SL, Fanning Islands
Parupeneus bifasciatus 198 mm SL, Oaku, Hawaii
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PLATE XIX
109
110
111
112
113
114
Parupeneus cinnabarinus 234 mm SL, Lord Howe Islands
Parupeneus cyclostomus 159 mm SL, Marshall Islands
Parupeneus cyclostomus 222 mm SL, Kona, India
Parupeneus indicus 164 mm SL, Tuticorin, India
Parupeneus macronema 151 mm SL, Red Sea
Upeneus moluccensis 136 mm SL, Ambon, Indonesia
PLATE XX
DREPANIDAE
PLATACIDAE
115
116
117
118
119
120
Upeneus sulphureus 160 mm SL, Madras, India
Upeneus taeniopterus 120 mm SL, Madras, India
Upeneus tragula 116 mm SL, Bahrain
Upeneus vittatus 155 mm SL, Mauritius
Drepane punctata 159 mm SL, India
Platax orbicularis , Maldives
PLATE XXI
SCATOPHAGIDAE
Mugilidae
POLYNEMIDAE
121
122
123
124
125
126
Scatophagus argus , India
Liza parsia 217 mm SL, India
Mugil cephalus 254 mm SL, India
Valamugil speigler i 122 mm SL, India
Eleutheronema tetradactylum 125 mm SL, India
Polynemus sextarius 186 mm TL, Madagascar
PLATE XXII
SIGANIDAE
SCOMBRIDAE
127
128
129
130
131
132
Siganus canaliculatus
Siganus ja vus
Siganus sinus
Auxis thazard 401 mm FL, Bahrain
Rastrelliger kanagurta 238 mm FL, Cochin, India
Scomberomorus commerson 658 mm FL, Bahrain
Drawing: A. Meschini
Drawing: A. Meschini
Drawing: A. Meschini
Photo: J.E. Randall
Photo: J.E. Randall
Photo: J.E. Randall
PLATE XXIII
PSETTODIDAE
SOLEIDAE
BOTHIDAE
BALISTIDAE
TRIACANTHIDAE
133
134
135
136
137
138
Psettodes erumei Madagascar
Euryglossa orientalis 170 mm SL
Bothus pantherinus 124 mm SL, Bahrain
Abalistes stellatus 280 mm SL, Bahrain
Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer 75 mm SL
Triacanthus biaculeatus 175 mm SL
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PLATE XXIV
CARCHARHINIDAE
EHINOBATIDAE
RHYNCHOBATIDAE
139
140
141
142
143
Carcharhinus leucas 690 mm TL, India
Loxodon macrorhinus 723 mm TL, India
Rhizoprionodon acutus 515 mm TL, India
Rhinobatos granulatus 716 mm TL, India
Rhynchobatus djeddensis 705 mm TL, India
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- xi -
INTRODUCTION
This guide is designed as a practical tool for all fisheries workers within Pakistan, particularly
those who are confronted with the daily task of collecting fisheries statistics and other data by species
on landing places and in fish markets.
It includes those marine and brackish water species of bony
fishes, sharks, batoid fishes, lobsters, shrimps, crabs and cephalopods considered as regular components
of the catches along the Pakistan coast.
Correct identification of species entering the catches is of significant importance for the
i mprovement of the quality of statistical data utilized by the Fisheries Division and other relevant units
i n the Pakistan administration, in order to facilitate an adequate planning of fisheries development and
management of the country's living marine and brackish-water resources.. Because of the great species
diversity characteristic of this area, the considerable difficulties in separating similar species, in
establishing meaningful groupings of species, and the unavailability of proper taxonomic literature, it is
essential to provide national fishery workers with practical and reliable guidance in this field.
Our
leading idea was to achieve a compact and easily manageable booklet that would be at the reach of
fishery workers at all levels. Consequently, the guide had to be based largely an illustrations, while the
text was kept as succint as possible. This obviously implies certain limitations of the guide as a means
of scientific identification of all species. It is therefore strongly recommended, in case of doubt, to
consult the regional set of FAO Species Identification Sheets for the Western Indian Ocean, which is
more comprehensive in species coverage and gives a much more detailed account of the diagnostic
characters of each species.
Pakistan has a coastline of 527 nautical miles and has an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
extending offshore to 200 nautical miles.
There are two main fishing areas: Karachi-Sind, extending
southeast from Karachi to the Indian border (about 180 miles) and the Mekran coast, west of Karachi
and along the coast of Baluchistan to the Iranian border (about 350 miles).
The former area, with
Karachi harbour as its main base, is characterized by a broad continental shelf (extending about 60
nautical miles out from the coast to a depth of 200 m), a coastline marked by innumerable small creeks
and the Delta of the Indus River, and by a muddy, easily trawlable bottom. The sparsely populated
Mekran coastline is formed by large bays and has a narrow (25 to 30 miles wide), abruptly descending
shelf (to 1 500 to 3 000 m), and many widely despersed landing places. The bottom is mostly rocky and
the fishing is only possible within the narrow plain ground of the shelf which varies in its width from 10
Thl entire shelf areas are estimated to be about 35 740 km in the Karachi/Sind area and
to 30 miles.
about 14 530 km in the Mekran area. The climate and oceanographic conditions are generally tropical
and subject to monsoons during the summer to autumn. Upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich, low-oxygen
waters occur all year round but is stronger during the southwest monsoon period and greatly affects the
distribution and migration of fish in the region.
The total annual fish production of Pakistan is in the order of 300 000 t of which about 260 000 t
is marine fish. Of this total, about 20 000 t are shrimp. At present, fishermen using traditional fishing
craft and gear, exploit coastal waters to a depth of about 10 to 15 m. Apart from the foreign joint
venture trawlers operating in the EEZ, there is little or no local fishing in deeper waters.
The major
groups taken are rays, sharks, sardines, catfish, jewfish and croakers, mackerels, tuna and Indian Shad.
Most of the shrimp is frozen and exported to Japan, USA, UK, Singapore, Belgium, France, etc. Finfish
is dried or dried-salted and exported mainly to Sri Lanka.
Presentation and Format
Each one of the major commercial groups is introduced by a schematic illustration showing the
main parts of a typical representative and some measurements and technical terms of general use to
fishery workers.
Families (block letters in boxes at upper right corner of the sheets) are arranged by similarity for
the bony fishes and in alphabetical order for the other groups.
Species are arranged in alphabetical
order (by scientific names) within each family.
Texts for each species are restricted to information on names (scientific, regional and local) size,
fishing gear and habitat. Families including several species are introduced by a general section where
information on interest to fisheries of that group is also given. The words in brackets following local
names indicate the language to which the name belongs: Sindhi (Sin), Baluchi (Bat) or English (En). All
i nformation on species identification is presented in the form of captions and arrows directly on the
species illustrations.
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- 1 -
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BONY FISHES
TECHNICAL TERMS AND PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS
total length
standard length
fork length
interdorsal space
1st dorsal
fin base
head length
2nd dorsal fin base
postorbital
lenght
preorbital
lenght
lenght of
caudal peduncle
eye
depth of body
anal fin base
length of pectoral fin
General Nomenclature of the External Morphology
1st dorsal fin
upper jaw
2nd dorsal fin
opercle
premaxilla
maxilla
nostrils
opercular
membrane
preopercle
caudal fin
(upper lobe)
2nd dorsal
fin origin
nape
chin
low
er
jaw
caudal peduncle
anus
suborbital
plate
branchiostegal
rays
caudal fin
(lower lobe)
lateral line
pectoral fin
pelvic fin
anal fin
-2-
BONY FISHES
Details
(all schematic examples)
incisor like
terminal
canine-like
subterminal
retracted
inferior
protracted
molar-like
protrusible
superior
most common types of teeth
types of mouth
spines
(unsegmented,
always
unbranched)
villiform
so
(se ft ray
gm
s
en
u
bra sual ted,
nch ly
ed
)
finlets
adipose fin
example of a continuous dorsal fin
of a spiny-rayed fish
gill arch
(upper part)
posterior
margin
spiny
posterior
margin
smooth
gill
filaments
cycloid
gill rake
ctenoid
gill arch
(lower part)
schematic examples of "normal" scales
rounded
truncate
emarginate
first left gill arch
lunate
forked
pointed
pointed and
separated from the
dorsal and anal fins
most common types of caudal fin
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-3BONY FISHES
Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782)
PLATE I, 1
MEGALOPIDAE
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Kinarhal (Sin); Mota (Bal)
Tarpon (En)
FAO names : En - Indo-Pacific tarpon
Fr - Tarpon indo-pacifique
Sp - Tarpon indo-pacifico
Size : Max.: 55 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, seines and trawls
Habitat and biology : A pelagic species, usually found in coastal waters,
including lagoons and estuaries. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans
Interest to fisheries : Present all along the coast, but caught only in small
quantities
underside of head
ALBULIDAE
Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Viat (Sin); Mushk (Bal)
Lady fish (En)
FAO names : En - Roundjaw bonefish
Fr - Banane lèvre ronde
Sp - Macabi boca redonda
Size : Max.: to at least 50 cm
Fishing gear : Taken mainly with gillnets, on hook and line and by castnets
Habitat and biology : Usually found over sand and mud bottoms, in shallow coastal waters. Feeds on the bottom,
using the snout for grubbing
Interest to fisheries : Caught only occasionally, no special fishery for this species.
good.
The flesh is said to be rather
NOTE: The species Albula vulpes has recently been separated into two new species, A. glossodonta and A.
neoguinaica because of differences in the shape of the mouth and of the parasphenoid and basibranchial tooth
patches. For questions of simplicity, and since more research is still needed, we use here the old name A. vulpes
for both forms
ELOPIDAE
Elops machnata (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
Elops saurus ( misidentification)
Loc. names : Kinarhal (Sin); Nar, Bagga (Bal)
Tenpounder (En)
FAO names : En - Tenpounder
Fr - Guinée saumon
Sp - Malacho salmòn
Size : Max.: 90 cm; common to 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, gillnets and handlines
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, i n coastal waters, sometimes entering
lagoons and estuaries.
Spawning probably takes place at sea and the
larvae migrate to inshore nursery areas. Feeds on small fishes and
crustaceans
Interest to fisheries : Caught occasionally, no special fishery for this
species
underside of head
- 4-
BONY FISHES
CLUPEIDAE
Loc. names : Palli, Palla, Goi, Mittoo, etc.
FAO names : En - Herrings, shads, sardinellas, sprats, sardines, etc.
Fr - Sardinelles, aloses, shadines, harengs, chardins, etc.
Sp - Sardinelas, sábalos , sardines , sardine's , arenques, etc.
Size : Most species are rather small (between 15 and 20 cm) except for Tenualosa species which may reach 60 cm
Fishing gear : Seines, trawls, gillnets, castnets, beach seines and stakenets
Habitat and biology : Most species are marine but several ( Dussumieria, Thrissocles and Ilisha species) can stand
low salinities and are often caught in estuaries. Tenualosa ilisha ascends rivers for breeding. Most species form
large schools
Interest to fisheries : The combined annual catches of clupeid fishes (from 1972 to 1983) averaged 32 533 t and
were represented mainly by Tenualosa ilisha and Sardinella longiceps ( Marine Fisheries Department, Government
Most of these small
of Pakistan, 1984). However, these figures probably include many other clupeid species.
pelagic fishes are caught together in mixed catches and are used for fishmeal
Anodontostoma chacunda ( Ham.Buch., 1822)
Synonyms
PLATE I, 2
None
Loc. names : Daddi-palli (Sin); Goi (Bal)
Shortnose gizzard shad (En)
FAO names : En - Chacunda gizzard-shad
Fr - Alose chaconde
Sp - Sábalo chacunda
Size : Max.: 17 cm; common to 14 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, shallow trawls,
castnets and wire nets (modified purse seine)
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, in inshore waters.
Feeds upon detritus, phytoplankton and zooplankton
(predominantly small copepods and larval fishes).
Sexually ripe from November to January
Interest to fisheries : Caught mainly in November and December on the Baluchistan coast. Dried and used for
the production of fishmeal
-5-
BONY FISHES
Dussumieria acuta Valenciennes, 1847
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Tel-tampri (Sin)
Common sprat (En)
FAO names : En - Rainbow sardine
Fr - Sardine arc-en-ciel
Sp - Sardina arco iris
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with setnets, beach and purse seines and shallow water trawls
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, in inshore waters
Escualosa thoracata (Valenciennes, 1847)
Synonyms
: Kowala thoracata Fowler, 1941
Kowala coval auct.
Loc. names : Mithoo (Sin); Bee-chum (Bal)
White sardine, Transparent herring (En)
FAO names : En - White sardine
Fr - Alose bianche
Sp - Sardina bianca
Size : Max.: 10 cm; common to 8 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, liftnets and shallow trawls
Habitat and biology : Pelagic
in
coastal waters.
Feeds on zooplankton (copepods, crab and bivalve
larvae, fish eggs) and on phytoplankton
Hilsa kelee (Cuvier, 1829)
Synonyms
PLATE I, 3
: Macrura kelee Fowler, 1941
Hilsa kanaqurta (Bleeker, 1852)
Loc. names : Palli (Sin); Kolgar, Barrag (juv.)(Bal)
Fivespot herring (En)
FAO names : En - Kelee shad
Fr - Alose palli
Sp - Sábalo chandano
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common to 20 cm
seines,
liftnets
and
Fishing gear : Caught
with
trawls. Consumed fresh but also processed to fishmeal
Habitat and biology : Pelagic in coastal waters
CLUPEIDAE
-6-
BONY FISHES
CLUPEIDAE
Ilisha megaloptera (Swainson, 1839)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Palli (Sin); Bee-chum (Bal)
FAO names : En - Bigeye ilisha
Fr - Alosa à gros yeux
Sp - Sardineta ojigrande
Size : Max.: 28 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, liftnets and trawls
Habitat and biology : Pelagic in coastal waters
Ilisha melastoma (Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
Ilisha indica (Swainson, 1839)
Ilisha brachysoma (Bleeker, 1852)
Ilisha filigera (Valenciennes) (mis.)
Loc. names : Palli (Sin); Bee-chum (Bal)
Jewelled shad (En)
FAO names : En - Indian ilisha
Fr - Alose indienne
Sp - Sardineta indica
Size : Max.: 13 cm; common to 12 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, liftnets and
trawls in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : Pelagic in coastal waters
Nematalosa nasus (Bloch, 1795)
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Daddi-palli (Sin); Goi (Bal)
Long-ray bony bream (En)
FAO names : En - Bloch's gizzard-shad
Fr - Chardin gros nez
Sp - Machuelo narigón
Size : Max.: 22 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, liftnets and trawls
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, in coastal waters,
also entering estuaries. Found in large numbers in
creeks
-7BONY FISHES
CLUPEIDAE
Opisthopterus tardoore (Cuvier, 1829)
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Koor, Palli (Sin); Portuk (Bal)
Long finned herring . (En)
Big-eyed herring (En)
FAO names : En - Tardoore
Fr - Poisson-papiér tarture
Sp - Arenquillo tardore
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 18 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, liftnets and trawls
in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, i n
waters, most abundant in creeks
shallow
coastal
Pellona ditchela Valenciennes, 1847
Synonyms
Pellona hoevenii Bleeker, 1852
Loc. names : Palli (Sin); Bee-chum (Bal)
Toothed shad (En)
FAO names : En - Indian pellona
Fr - Alose-écaille indienne
Sp - Sardinata indica
Size : Max.: 16 cm; common to 13 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, liftnets and
trawls in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : Usually found in shallow coastal waters,
but sometimes abundant in estuaries, lagoons and even rivers
PLATE I, 4
Sardinella albella (Valenciennes, 1847)
Synonyms
Sardinella bulan (Sleeker, 1849)
Sardinella perforata (Cantor, 1850)
Harengula dollfusi Chabanaud, 1933
Loc. names : Tarli, Luar (Sin); Lugger, Luar (Bal)
Short-bodied sardine (En)
FAO names : En - White sardinella
Fr - Sardinelle blanche
Sp - Sardinela bianca
Size : Max.: 14 cm; common to 10 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, gilinets and
trawls in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : A schooling species, usually in coastal waters. Due to misidentifications, published biological
data are quite unreliable. Said to spawn in February to
April. Feeds on zooplankton (crustaceans, larval molluscs)
and on phytoplankton
scale
-8-
BONY FISHES
CLUPEIDAE
Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849)
Synonyms
: Sardinella jussieu (Lacepède 1803) (no
Sardinella tembang (Bleeker, 1851)
Sardinella taiwanensis Raja & Hiyama, 1969
Loc. names : Tarli, Luar (Sin); Lugger, Luar (Bal)
FAO names : En - Goldstripe sardinella
Fr - Sardinelle dorée
Sp - Sardinela dorada
Size : Max.: 17 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines and trawls
Habitat and biology : Coastal,
pelagic,
schooling.
The possible confusion with other Sardinella species,
especially S. fimbriata, makes published biological
data not fully reliable
scale
Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Tarli, Luar (Sin); Lugger, Luar (Bal)
Oil sardine (En)
FAO names : En - Indian oil-sardine
Fr - Sardinelle indienne
Sp - Sardinela aceitera
Size : Max.: 23 cm; common to 16 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines and trawls,
castnets and wire nets (modified purse seine)
Habitat and biology : A pelagic species, mainly coastal. Forms large schools and is highly migratory.
Feeds mainly on phytoplankton and detritus. Especially abundant along the Baluchistan coast. Sexually
ripe from July to December
Interest to fisheries : Caught throughout the year,
but in the Gwader area on the Baluchistan coast
occurs in abundance during May and September.
Separate catch statistics reported by the Handbook
of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) range
from 4 008 t (1974) to 56 346 t (1981) with an average
of 25 059 t.
However, these figures probably also
include other species of Sardinella
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-9BONY FISHES
CLUPEIDAE
Sardinella melanura (Cuvier, 1829)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Tarli, Lunar (Sin);
Lugger, Luar, Bee-chum (Bal)
FAO names : En - Blacktip sardinella
Fr - Sardinelle queue noire
Sp - Sardinela rabo negro
Size : Max.: 12 cm; common to 10 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines and trawls
Habitat and biology : A coastal pelagic species, forming
schools but never abundant
Sardinella sindensis (Day, 1878)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Tarli, Luar (Sin); Lugger, Luar (Bal)
FAO names : En - Sind sardinella
Fr - Sardinelle miyako
Sp - Sardinela sinda
Size : Max.: 17 cm; common to 14 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with seines and
trawls
pelagic
Habitat and biology : A
species, found in coastal waters
schooling
scale
Spratelloides delicatulus (Bennett, 1831)
Synonyms
: Stolephorus delicatulus: Fowler, 1941
Loc. names : Tel-tampri (Sin); Pasali (Bal)
FAO names : En - Delicate round herring
Fr - Hareng rond
Sp - Arenquillo fino
Size : Max.: 7 cm; common to 6 cm
Fishing gear : Beach seines
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, in shallow coastal waters
- 10 BONY FISHES
CLUPEIDAE
Spratelloides gracilis (Schlegel, 1846)
Synonyms : Stolephorus japonicus : Fowler, 1941
Loc. names : Tel-tampri (Sin); Basali (Bal)
Blue sprat ? (En)
FAO names : En - Striped round herring
Fr - Hareng gracile
Sp - Arenquillo de banda
Size : Max.: 9.5 cm; common to 7 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with beach seines
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, in shallow coastal waters
Tenualosa ilisha (Ham.Buch., 1822)
Synonyms
: Hilsa ilisha : Fowler, 1941; Whitehead, 1973
Loc. names : Palla (Sin); Palwar, Tikki palwar (Bal)
River shad, Indian shad (En)
FAO names : En - Hilsa shad
Fr - Alose paluva
Sp - Sábalo de la India
Size : Max.: 60 cm; common to 36 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with fishing weirs and
drift gillnets during the upstream migration in
rivers, with gillnets and seines in the sea
Habitat and biology : A pelagic species, found in estuarine areas and in rivers.
This species breeds in the upper reaches of rivers, where eggs, larvae and
juveniles are found during the southwest monsoon season (main breeding season).
The young and juveniles migrate to the lower reaches of estuarine areas and to
the sea from about November onwards. The variation of the intensity of the
monsoon during the breeding season seems to be responsible for the considerable
fluctuations in the abundance of this fish. This species is heterosexual but cases
of hermaphroditism have been observed.
Feeds on both zoo- and phytoplankton,
filtered with the closely-set, sieve-like gillrakers. (For further information see
FAO Synopsis FB/S25, 1963)
Interest to fisheries : Separate catch statistics reported by the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan
(1973-83) range from 1 592 t (1983) to 11 795 t (1973) with an average of 7 474 t.
However, these figures
probably also include T. toli
- 11 BONY FISHES
Tenualosa toli (Valenciennes, 1847)
Synonyms
CLUPEIDAE
: Hilsa toli : Fowler, 1941; Whitehead, 1973
Loc. names : Nur -palla (Sin); Palwar (Bal)
Tali shad (En)
FAO names : En - Toli shad
Fr - Alose toll
Sp - Sábalo toli
Size : Max.: 50 cm; common to 40 cm
Fishing gear : Mainly caught with gillnets and
seines
Habitat and biology : It occurs in coastal waters, and forms large
concentrations in bays and creeks.
Unlike T. ilisha , it is said not to
ascend rivers to breed.
Feeds on detritus, phytoplankton and
zooplankton
Interest to fisheries : Mainly caught along the Baluchistan coast.
Separate statistics are not officially reported for this fish, although
Burney et al . (1985) report about 1 450 t caught from the Baluchistan
coast in 1983
ENGRAULIDAE
Loc. names : Patia, Phyasa, Kagaya, etc.
FAO names : En - Anchovies, thryssas
Fr - Anchois, alices, anchois-moustache
Sp - Anchoas, boquerones, bocartes
Size : Max.: about 20 cm, but most common
between 7 and 15 cm
Fishing gear : Seines, bagnets, stakenets, gillnets and trawls
Habitat and biology : Found mainly in coastal
waters, including creeks and estuaries. Some
species form large schools
Interest to fisheries : Some species ( Coilia dussumieri and Thryssa species) concentrate in large numbers in
creeks along the Sind coast, especially during the cold season. Most species are caught in mixed catches and are
mainly used for fishmeal. No separate statistics are reported
Coilia dussumieri Valenciennes, 1848
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Patia (Sin); Padni (Bal)
Dussumier's flag-tail anchovy (En)
FAO names : En - Gold-spotted grenadier anchovy
Fr - Alice taches d'or
Sp - Anchoa granadera dorada
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, bagnets and trawls
in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters and eastuaries
- 12 BONY FISHES
ENGRAULIDAE
Coilia neglecta Whitehead, 1968
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Patia (Sin); Padni (Bal)
Flag-tail anchovy (En)
FAO names : En - Neglected grenadier anchovy
Fr - Alice franche
Sp - Anchoa granadera plebeya
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines and trawls in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : Inhabits
estuaries
coastal
waters and
Stolephorus commersonii Lacepède, 1803
Synonyms
PLATE I, 5
: Anchoviella commersonii : Fowler, 1941
Loc. names : Phyasa (Sin); Padni (Bal)
Commerson's anchovy (En)
FAO names : En - Commerson's anchovy
Fr - Anchois bombra
Sp - Boquerón bombra
Size : Max.: 10 cm; common of 8 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, in coastal waters
Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823)
Synonyms
: Anchoviella indica : Fowler, 1941
Loc. names : Phyasa (Sin); Padni (Bal)
Indian anchovy (En)
FAO names : En - Indian anchovy
Fr - Anchois indien
Sp - Boquerón indio
Size : Max.: 15.5 cm; common to 12 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, trawls and
stakenets in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : Pelagic in coastal waters
- 13 BONY FISHES
ENGRAULIDAE
Thryssa hamiltonii (Gray, 1835)
Synonyms : Thrissocles hamiltonii : Fowler, 1941
Loc. names : Phyasa (small), Paddan (large) (Sin);
Padni (Bal)
FAO names : En - Hamilton's thryssa
Fr - Anchois-moustache mamata
Sp - Bocarte bolinado
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 17 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, gillnets and trawls
in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : Pelagic in coastal waters, perhaps alto in estuaries
Thryssa malabarica (Bloch, 1795)
Synonyms : Thrissocles malabarica: Fowler, 1941
Loc. names : Phyasa (small), Paddan (large) (Sin);
Padni (Bal)
Malabar anchovy (En)
FAO names : En - Malabar thryssa
Fr - Anchois-moustache malabar
Sp - Bocarte malabarico
Size : Max.: 18 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with boat seines, gillnets and
trawls, in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : Pelagic,
maybe also in estuaries
in
coastal
waters,
Thryssa mystax (Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
: Thrissocles mystax : Fowler, 1941
Loc. names : Phyasa (small), Paddan (large) (Sin)
Padni (Bal)
Moustached anchovy (En)
FAO names : En - Moustached thryssa
Fr - Anchois-moustache sardelle
Sp - Bocarte dompilón
Size : Max.: 16 cm; common to 14 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, gillnets and
trawls in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : Pelagic in coastal waters, also in estuaries
- 14 -
BONY FISHES
ENGRAULIDAE
Thryssa setirostris (Broussonet, 1782)
Synonyms
Thrissocles setirostris : Fowler, 1941
Loc. names : Phyasa (small); Paddan (large) (Sin);
Gore padni (Bal)
Long-jaw anchovy (En)
FAO names : En - Longjaw thryssa
Fr - Anchois-moustache cornu
Sp - Bocarte de cuernos
Size : Max.: 15 cm; common to 12 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, gillnets and
trawls in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : Pelagic in coastal waters, also in estuaries
Thryssa vitrirostris ( Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)
Synonyms
Thrissocles vitrirostris : Fowler, 1941
Loc. names : Phyasa (small), Paddan (large) (Sin);
Padni (Bal)
FAO names : En - Orangemouth anchovy
Fr - Anchois-moustache cristal
Sp - Bocarte cristal
Size
: Max.:
Fishing gear : Boat seines, gillnets and trawls in shallow waters
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, in coastal waters, also in estuaries
CHIROCENTRIDAE
Loc. names : Kerli, Gairi (Sin); Pashant (Bal)
FAO names : En - Wolf-herrings
Fr - Chirocentres
Sp - Arencones
Size : Max.: 100 cm; common to 60 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, seines, shallow trawls and traps
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, inshore species, feeding mainly on small fishes, crustaceans and other invertebrates. Sexually ripe specimens of C. dorab are found in August and December on the Baluchistan coast, but
detailed information about breeding season lacking. C . nudus and C. dorab are often confused sand the information
on the biology of the two species can hardly be used
Interest to fisheries : Separate statistics are given for Chirocentrus dorab , but they probably also represent
catches of C. nudus. Catches reported by the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) range from
353 t (1983) to 10 574 t (1982), with an average of 4 217 t. Marketed fresh or salted-dried. Exported to Sri Lanka
- 15 -
BONY FISHES
Species of Chirocentridae
CHIROCENTRIDAE
Chirocentrus dorab (Forsskål , 1775)
Dorab wolf-herring
size: to 100 cm
Chirocentrus nudus Swainson, 1839
Whiten wolf-herring
size: to 100 cm
MURAENIDAE
Loc. names : Barn, Sand (Sin); Riami slang (Bal)
FAO names : En - Morays
Fr - Mourns
Sp - Arenas
Size : Max.: to over 400 cm total length
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with loneliness ,
trawls, traps and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : Mostly found in rocky areas of shallow waters where they inhabit holes and crevices. Some
species are found in turbid waters and estuaries.
Active at night, they feed on bottom-dwelling fishes and
crustaceans. Their powerful jaws and teeth can inflict deep and painful wounds.
Interest to fisheries : There is no special fishery for members of this family. Only occasionally caught and consumed fresh.
Species of Muraenidae
Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789)
Starry moray
size: to 80 cm
Thyroidea mercer (Bleeker, 1854)
Giant slender moray
size: to 400 cm
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BONY FISHES
MURAENESOCIDAE
Loc. names : Barn, Sankh (Sin); Saang, etc.(Bal)
FAO names : En - Pike congers
Fr - Morénésoces
Sp - Morenocios
Size : Max.: to 250 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with longlines , draftiest
and trawls
Habitat and biology . Found on the continental
shelf and slope.
Species inhabiting shallow
waters are known to be nocturnal and to feed
on bottom-living fishes and crustaceans
Interest to fisheries : Muraenesox species constitute the bulk of eels caught in Pakistan, but catch statistics
Annual
reported by the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) include Conger species as well.
catch figures range from 350 t (1980) to 3 921 t (1982). They are good food fishes and sold mostly fresh, drysalted or used as bait for shark fishing
Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1853)
Synonyms
: Muraenesox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1853)
Loc. names : Barn, Sand (Sin); Saang, Tayabi saang, Barn (Bal)
Pike eel (En)
FAO names : En - Indian pike conger
Fr - Morénésoce indien
Sp -Morenocio i ndio
Size : Max.: 250 cm; common to 180 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly by lobeline ,
driftnets and trawls at night
Habitat and biology : Lives on soft bottoms in
coastal waters to about 100 m depth; also in
estuaries.
Feeds mainly on bottom-dwelling
fishes and on crustaceans
Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
Muraenesox arabicus (Schneider, 1801)
Loc. names : Bam, Sankh (Sin);
Barn, Saang, Tayabi saang (Bal)
Silver conger eel (En)
FAO names : En - Daggertooth pike conger
Fr - Morenesoce dague
Sp - Morenocio dentón
Size : Max.: 200 cm; common to 150 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with longlines and handlines,
driftnets, bottom set gillnets and trawls.
Habitat and biology: Found on the continental shelf and slope. In shallow
waters, known to be nocturnal.
Feeds on bottom-living fishes and
crustaceans. Sexually ripe specimens found in November to January on the
Baluchistan coast.
Interest to fisheries : Separate statistics are not officially reported for this
species.
However, Burney et al . (1985) report total landings of about
746 000 t for the Baluchistan coast in 1983. Dry-salted for export to Sri
Lanka. Also used as bait for shark fishing
dorsal view of head
- 17 BONY FISHES
Muraenesox bagio ( Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822)
Synonyms
MURAENESOCIDAE
Muraenesox yamaguchiensis Katayama & Takai, 1954
Loc. names : Bam, Sankh (Sin);
Bam, Tayabi saang (Bal)
FAO names : En - Common pike conger
Fr - Morénésoce commun
Sp - Morenocio común
Size : Max.: 180 cm; common to 150 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with driftnets, longlines and trawls
Habitat and biology : Lives on soft bottoms, down to 100 m depth.
A
nocturnal species feeding mainly on bottom-dwelling fish and on crustaceans
dorsal view of head
CONGRIDAE
Loc. names : Bam, Sankh (Sin); Bam, Saang (Bal)
FAO names : En - Conger eels
Fr - Congres
Sp - Congrios
Size : Max.: to 80 cm
Fishing gear : Caught on hook and line and in
trawls
Habitat and biology : Conger eels occur from
the coast to deep waters of the shelf and
slope. They are mostly active at night, hiding
They feed on
in burrows during daytime.
bottom-dwelling organisms
Interest to fisheries : These fishes are valued as food and are sold mostly fresh.
Conger cinereus cinereus Rüppell, 1828
Synonyms
Conger cinereus Rüppell, 1828
Loc. names : Bam, Sankh (Sin); Bam, Saang (Bal)
FAO names : En - Longfin African conger
Fr Congre oiro
Sp - Congrio de aleta larga ( Africa)
Size : Max.: 80 cm; common to 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly by hook and line
Habitat and biology : A common reef species, mostly active at
night. Feeds on small reef organisms
- 18 BONY FISHES
CONGRIDAE
Uroconger lepturus (Richardson, 1848)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Bam, Sankh (Sin); Bam, Saang (Bal)
FAO names : En - Slender conger
Fr - Congre gracile
Sp - Congrio coludo
Size : Max.: 40 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with fine-meshed trawls
Habitat and biology : Lives offshore on sandy and muddy bottoms.
Feeds on bottom-dwelling crustaceans
Interest to fisheries : No special fishery but appears regularly in the
catches. Marketed mostly fresh.
roof of mouth
ARIIDAE
Loc. names : Khagga, Singhara (Sin); Kun (Bal)
FAO names : En - Sea catfishes
Fr - Mâchoirons
Sp - Bagres
Size : Max.: to over 100 cm total length
Fishing gear : Bottom trawls, bagnets, dipnets.
stake traps, shore seines and on hook. and
Habitat and biology : Sea catfishes are mostly marine but occur also in brackish and fresh waters. They are
usually confined to muddy coastal waters to 50 m depth, but a few species are caught at greater depths. The
sharp pectoral and dorsal fin spines can inflict painful wounds
Interest to fisheries : The sea catfishes may occur in large quantities and their flesh is said to be good. They are
usually marketed fresh, but also dry-salted for export to Sri Lanka, and used for the production of fishmeal. The
combined catches of ariid catfishes reported by the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) range
from 7 382 t (1983) to 28 642 t (1978) with an average of 16 952 t
Arius maculatus (Thunberg, 1792)
Synonyms
: Arius falcarius Richardson, 1844
Tachysurus maculatus (Thunberg, 1792)
Loc. names : khagga, Singhara (Sin); Aasi, Raingi
Spotted catfish (En)
FAO names : En - Spotted catfish
Fr - Machoiron tacheté
Sp - Bagre manchado
Size : Max.: 61 cm; common to 40 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bagnets, dipnets, bamboo-stake traps and with line gear
Habitat and biology : Found in inshore waters and estuaries.
Feeds on invertebrates and small fishes. Full maturity is attained by males and females at about
16 cm length
- 19 BONY FISHES
ARIIDAE
Arius platystomus Day, 1877
Synonyms
: Tachysurus platystomus ( Day, 1877)
Loc. names : Khagga, Singhara (Sin); Khaggi (Bal)
Flat-mouth catfish (En)
FAO names : En - Flatmouth sea catfish
Fr - Mâchoiron canard
Sp - Bagre pato
Size : Max.: 15 cm; common to 10 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, stake traps, shore seines, set
bagnets and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : Lives close to the coast, in marine waters as well as
in estuaries
Arius tenuispinis Day, 1877
Synonyms
Hemipuniclodus tenuispinis Misra, 1976
Tachysurus tenuispinis (Day, 1877)
Loc. names : Khagga, Singhara (Sin); Kun (Bal)
FAO names : En - Thinspine catfish
Fr - Mâchoiron aiguillette
Sp - Bagre aqujilla
Size : Max.: 36 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bagnets, dipnets,
bamboo-stake traps and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : Common in marine coastal waters, to about 50 m depth
Arius thalassinus (Rüppell, 1837)
Synonyms
Arius serratus Day, 1877
Tachysurus serratus (Day, 1877)
Tachysurus thalassinus (Rüppell , 1837)
Netuma thalassinus (Rüppell, 1837)
Loc. names : Khagga, Singhara (Sin); Kun (large),
Kup-a-go (Bal)
Giant catfish (En)
FAO names : En - Giant catfish
Fr - Mâchoiron titan
Sp - Bagre titan
Size : Max.: 185 cm; common to 70 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls,
gillnets, bamboo-stake traps, with handlines, longlines and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : A marine species, often found in estuaries and
brackish water, but never entering freshwater. Feeds on crabs, prawns
and other crustaceans, but also on fishes and molluscs. Sexually ripe
specimens found in January and April. Mass spawning occurs in the last
week of March and first week of April along the Baluchistan coast
a d u lt
juvenile
- 20 BONY FISHES
Other species of Ariidae
ARIIDAE
t e e t h o n ro o f
o f m o uth
d o rs a l v ie w o f h e a d
t e e t h o n ro o f o f m o u t h
d o rs a l v ie w
of he ad
Arius arius Hamilton, 1822
Threadfin sea catfish
Bagga, Singhara (Sin)
Bargai (Bal)
size: to 20 cm
Arius caelatus Valenciennes, 1840
Engraved catfish
Bagga, Singhara (Sin)
Shazada, Siah-gosh khaggi (Bal)
size: to 45 cm
t e e t h o n ro o f
o f m o uth
d o rs a l v ie w o f h e a d
Arius crossocheilus Bleeker, 1846
Roughback sea catfish
Bagga, Singhara (Sin)
Bargai (Bal)
size: to 40 cm
t e e t h o n ro o f
o f m o uth
d o rs a l v ie w o f h e a d
Arius dussumieri Valenciennes, 1840
Blacktip sea catfish
Bagga, Singhara (Sin)
Gallo (Bal)
size: to 30 cm
- 21BONY FISHES
Other species of Ariidae
ARIIDAE
t e e t h o n ro o f o f m o u t h
d o rs a l v ie w o f h e a d
t e e t h o n ro o f
o f m o uth
Arius sagor (Hamilton, 1822)
Sagor catfish
Khagga, Singhara (Sin)
Bargai (Bal)
size: to 45 cm
Arius sona (Hamilton, 1822)
Sona sea catfish
Khagga, Singhara (Sin)
Torro gallo (Bal)
size: to 90 cm
t e e t h o n ro o f
o f m o uth
d o rs a l v ie w o f h e a d
Arius subrostratus Valenciennes, 1840
Shovelnose sea catfish
Bagga, Singhara (Sin)
Kun (Bal)
size: to 30 cm
t e e t h o n ro o f
o f m o uth
Arius sumatranus Bennett, 1830
Goat catfish
Bagga, Singhara (Sin)
Matar (Bal)
size: to 30 cm
- 22 BONY FISHES
ARIIDAE
Batrachocephalus mino (Hamilton, 1822)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : khagga (Sin); Chonaro (Bal)
Beardless sea catfish (En)
FAO names : En - Beardless sea catfish
Fr - Mâchoiron i mberbe
Sp - Barge lampiño
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common from 8 to 10 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, gillnets,
bamboo-stake traps, hook and line and lobeline
Habitat and biology : A marine species, occurring in
shallow coastal waters, estuaries and tidal rivers
Osteogeneiosus militaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
: Osteogeneiosus sthenocephalus Day, 1877
Loc. names : khagga, Singhara (Sin); Kun (Bal)
FAO names : En - Soldier catfish
Fr - Mâchoiron soldat
Sp - Bagre soldado
Size : Max.: 35 cm; common from 20 to 26 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, dipnets, bamboo
stake traps and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : A marine coastal species, occurring also in estuaries and river mouths, mostly in turbid
waters. Feeds on invertebrates and small fishes
PLOTOSIDAE
Loc. names : Bam-khagga (Sin);
Robila (Bal)
FAO names : En - Eel catfishes
Fr - Balibots
Sp - Patunas
Size : Max.: to over 40 cm
Fishing gear : Caught
with
bottom
trawls,
seines, traps and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : Found in coastal waters, including reef areas, estuaries and tidal pools.
Feed on
crustaceans, molluscs and fishes. The dorsal and pectoral spines are venomous and may inflict painful wounds.
Gregarious in habits, the juveniles of P. limbatus form large aggregations
Interest to fisheries : Species of this family do not form the object of a special fishery and some fishermen dread
handling them. The flesh is said to be delicate in taste
- 23 BONY FISHES
Species of Plotosidae
PLOTOSIDAE
Plotosus limbatus Valenciennes , 1840
Darkfin eel catfish
size: to 41 cm
Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787)
Striped eel catfish
size: to 30 cm
*This species has been often misidentified as P. canius which may also occur in the area. In P. canius the
maxillary barbels extend to the pectoral fin base
CHANIDAE
Chanos chanos (Forsskål , 1775)
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Ghonshi (Sin); Murro, Murra (Bal)
FAO names : En - Milkfish
Fr - Chanos
Sp - Chano
Size : Max.: 180 cm; common to 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with scoopnets, dragnets, setnets and traps
Habitat and biology : This is a coastal species, entering estuaries, fresh waters and lakes. The eggs are found at
The occurrence of fry seems to be restricted to specific
sea. The larval stages shift slowly toward the coast.
areas of the Indo-Pacific region (i.e. ., southern India and Sri Lanka, Indonesia, etc.).
The distribution of the
species seems to depend on the temperature and on predators.
Feeds on bottom invertebrates.
Much
experimental data are available on this species but very little is known of its biology and life cycle in its natural
habitat (see FAO Synopsis No. 4 (1960) for further information)
Interest to fisheries This species is very important in many countries of the Indo-Pacific region where it is
cultured in ponds and tanks. In Pakistan it is occasionally caught and sold fresh
SYNODONTIDAE
Loc. names : Koniari (Sin); Bombala (Bal)
FAO names : En - Lizardfishes
Fr - Anolis
Sp - Lagartos
Size : Max.: Some species may exceed 45 cm
Fishing gear : It is accidentally caught with bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : They are bottom-dwelling fishes, found around coral reefs and on open flats to about 500 m
depth. Most species are fish eaters and they usually wait motionless to seize the prey with a rapid motion
Interest to fisheries : There is no special fishery for any of the species of this family and there are no separate
statistics reported. If caught it is marketed fresh or used for fishmeal.
The flesh is said to be of good quality
undosquamis and S. tumbil are the most widespread and abundant, as
and flavour although quite bony. Saurida
well as the largest, members of the family
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- 24 BONY FISHES
SYNODONTIDAE
Species of Synodontidae
Saurida longimanus Norman, 1939
Longfin lizardfish
size: to 25 cm
Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795)
Greater lizardfish
size: exceeds 40 cm
Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848)
Brushtooth lizardfish
size: to 45 cm or, more
PLATE I, 6
Synodus indicus (Day, 1873)
Indian lizardfish
size: to 20 cm
Synodus macrops Tanaka, 1917
Triplecross lizardfish
size: to 18 cm
Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801)
Bluntnose lizardfish
size: to 40 cm
Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822)
Synonyms
HARPADONTIDAE
None
Loc. names : Bombil (Sin); Bombala (Bal)
Bombay duck (En)
FAO names : En - Bombay duck
Fr - Bumalo
Sp - Bumalo
Size : Max.: 40 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters and estuaries
Interest to fisheries : This species is not as important in Pakistan as in India and no separate statistics are
reported from this country in the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan. It is usually marketed driedsalted
- 25 BONY FISHES
BREGMACEROTIDAE
Bregmaceros macclellandi Thompson, 1840
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Mac Lelland's Unicorn-codfish (En)
FAO names : En - Spotted codlet
Fr - Varlet de l'Océan Indien
Sp - Bregmacero manchado
Size : Max.: 10 cm; common to 7 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bagnets and trawls
Habitat and biology : Over the continental shelf but possibly also oceanic, sometimes found in estuaries.
mainly on planktonic crustaceans
Feeds
Interest to fisheries : No special fishery for this species which is only accidentally caught
EXOCOETIDAE
Loc. names : Thuri (Sin); Jirri (Bal)
FAO names : En - Flyingfishes
Fr - Exocoets
Sp - Voladores
Size : Some species reach to 25 cm
Fishing gear : No special fishing gear has been
developed for these particular fishes in Pakistan
They are well known for
Habitat and biology : Species of this family inhabit surface waters of open oceans.
leeping out of the water and gliding over a long distance with open pectoral and sometimes pelvic fins. Young (up
to 10 cm) are quite different from adults, with different shape of fins and often with conspicuous barbels at chin
Interest to fisheries : An important fisheries for flying fishes has developed in India but they are not known of
The flesh is said to be of excellent
being of commercial value in Pakistan where they are not yet exploited.
quality
Species of Exocoetidae
Cheilopogon nigricans (Bennett, 1840)
African flyingfish
size: to 24 cm
Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson, 1846
Barbel flyingfish
size: to 20 cm
- 26 BONY FISHES
Species of Exocoetidae
EXOCOETIDAE
Exocoetus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tropical two-wing flyingfish
size: to 18 cm
Hirundichthys coromandelensis ( Hornell, 1923)
Coromandel flyingfish
size: to 19 cm
Hirundichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1852)
Bony flyingfish
size: to 20 cm
HEMIRAMPHIDAE
Loc. names : Thute (Sin); Murrant (Bal)
FAO names : En - Halfbeaks
Fr - Demi-becs
Sp - Agujetas
Size : Max.: to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, pelagic
trawls, and dipnets
Habitat and biology : Mainly marine, but some species are found in brackish as well as fresh waters.
They are
epipelagic, sometimes leaping out of the water and gliding on the surface by vibrating the lower lobe of caudal
fin. They are omnivorous, feeding on floating sea grass, crustaceans and small fishes
Interest to fisheries : These species are not of great commercial value but they are regularly found in local
markets. The flesh is said to be of excellent quality
- 27 BONY FISHES
Species of Hemiramphidae
HEMIRAMPHIDAE
Hemiramphus far (Forsskål, 1775)
Blackbarred halfbeak
size: to 44 cm
PLATE II, 7
Hyporhamphus (Reporhamphus) dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1846)
Dussumier's halfbeak
size: to 30 cm
Hyporhamphus ( Hyporhamphus) limbatus (Valenciennes, 1846)
Congaturi halfbeak
size: to 22 cm
BELONIDAE
Loc. names : Kango, Kungi (Sin);
Aabre (Bal)
FAO names : En - Needlefishes
Fr - Aiguillettes
Sp - Agujones
Size : May attain a very large size (to 200 cm)
Fishing gear : Caught with lines and by trolling
Habitat and biology : They occur in marine as well as brackish and fresh waters.
leap out of the water and skitter on the surface. They feed mainly on small fishes
They are pelagic and able to
Interest to fisheries : Most species are found frequently in markets. The flesh is said to be excellent but some
people have misgivings about consuming this fish because of the green colour of the bones
Species of Belonidae
Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846)
Flat needlefish
size: to 120 cm
Platybelone argalus platyura (Bennett, 1837)
Keeltail needlefish
size: to 40 cm
.
Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850)
Banded needlefish
size: to about 80 cm
- 28 BONY FISHES
Species of Belonidae
BELONIDAE
Strongylura strongylura (van Hasselt, 1823)
Spottail needlefish
size: to 40 cm
PLATE II, 8
Tylosurus acus melanotus (Bleeker, 1850)
Agujon needlefish
size: to 90 cm
Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (Peron & LeSueur, 1821)
Hound needlefish
size: to 125 cm
HOLOCENTRIDAE
Loc. names : Gilhari (Sin); Koh mitar (Bal)
large
FAO names : En - Squirrelfishes, soldierfishes
Fr - Marignans
Sp - Candiles
Size : Max.: to about 45 cm
Fishing gear : Probably taken in gillnets, traps
and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : Usually found in shallow waters and
coral reef areas or on rocky bottoms. Feed on invertebrates.
The preopercular spine of Sargocentron is venomous
Interest to fisheries : Only occasionally caught in artisanal fisheries
FISTULARIIDAE
Loc. names : Bangri (Sin); Moorat (Bal)
FAO names : En - Cornetfishes, Flutemouths
Fr - Cornettes
Sp - Cornetas
Size : Max.: 200 cm
Fishing gear : Occasionally caught in bottom
trawls and in artisanal fisheries
Habitat and biology : Two species occur: Fistularia
petimba generally occurs in deeper waters offshore
while F. commersonii usually occurs in shallow inshore
waters, often associated with reefs.
Feed on small
fishes and shrimps
Interest to fisheries : Only occasionally caught
- 29 BONY FISHES
SCORPAENIDAE
Loc. names
Serin (Sin); Bheel-alari (Bal)
FAO names : En Scorpionfishes, Stingfihes, etc .
Fr - Rascasses
Sp - Rascacios
Size : Max.: to 40 cm
Fishing gear : Occasionally caught in bottom
trawls
Habitat and biology : Mostly found in inshore waters on rocky bottoms and coral reefs, but also occurring on sandy
or muddy bottoms further offshore. Scorpionfishes have venomous spines and should be handled with extreme
care. Wounds can cause intense pain, respiratory distress and, in some cases, death. Immerse wound in hot water
to relieve pain.
Interest to fisheries : The flesh is white and good eating but these fishes are not valued as food in Pakistan
TRIGLIDAE
Loc. names : Bheel-alari (Bal)
Sea robin (En)
FAO names : En - Gurnards
Fr - Grondins
Sp - Cabetes
Size : Max.: to about 16 cm
Fishing gear : Accidentally caught in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Bottom-living species, found between 50 and about 250 m depth, usually in deeper waters
They occur on sandy and muddy substrates, rubble or reef-type bottoms, using the free rays of
of their range.
their pectoral fins to search for food.
Interest to fisheries : There is no special fishery and if caught they are used for fishmeal
Species of Triglidae
(dorsal view)
rostral process
(dorsal view)
rostral process
Lepidotrigla bispinosa (Steindachner, 1898)
Bullhorn gurnard
size: to 16 cm
Lepidotrigla spiloptera Günther, 1880
Spottedwing gurnard
size: to 10 cm
(dorsal view)
rostral process
Lepidotrigla omanensis Regan, 1905
Oman gurnard
size: to 12.5 cm
- 30 -
BONY FISHES
PLATYCEPHALIDAE
Loc. names : Khuker (Sin); Khuker (Bal)
FAO names : En - Flatheads
Fr - Platycéphales
Sp - Chatos
Size : Max.: 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Bottom-living fishes, found on mud
Some species are assoor sand, to about 75 m depth.
ciated with rocky shores and coral reefs
Interest to fisheries : These species are only accidentally
caught. Although quite frequent in the catches, they are
species are good foodnever in large quantities. Most
fishes
dorsal view
Species of Platycephalidae
Cociella crocodila (Tilesius, 1812)
Crocodile flathead
size: to 50 cm
Grammoplites suppositus (Troschel, 1840)
Spotfin flathead
size: to 25 cm
Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bartail flathead
size: to 100 cm
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BONY FISHES
CENTROPOMIDAE
Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Dangri (Sin); Dangri (Bal)
Cock-up, Giant perch (En)
FAO names : En - Barramundi
Fr - Barramundi
Sp - Barramundi
Size : Max.: 200 cm; common between 25 and
100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, handlines, bottom gillnets and traps; also in sport
fishing
Habitat and biology : Found in coastal waters, estuaries and lagoons, usually at depths between 10 and 40 m.
Feeds on fishes and crustaceans
Interest to fisheries : Catches of this species reported in the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (197383) range from 457 t (1980) to 3 018 t (1982), with an average of 936 t. Marketed fresh
SERRANIDAE
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin);
Nambo, Chanco, Klancho (Bal)
FAO names : En - Groupers, seabasses, rockcods, etc.
Fr - Vielles, mérous, serrans, etc.
Sp - Chernas, meros, serranos, etc.
Size : May exceed 200 cm
Fishing gear : They are usually taken in traps,
on hook and line, on longlines and in bottom
trawls
Habitat and biology : These are mostly demersal fishes, ranging from shallow coastal waters to moderate depths,
rarely beyond 200 m. Most occur in rocky or reef areas, but some species show preference for sandy or muddy
areas or seagrass beds. They are mostly solitary species and they only form breeding aggregations. Juveniles are
often found in estuaries. They feed on fish and invertebrates (including crabs and spiny lobsters). Most are
hermaphrodites, beginning life as females and then becoming males, or are synchronous hermaphrodites
Interest to fisheries : Many are excellent foodfishes, fetching high prices in local markets and thus sought in
commercial fisheries. Usually marketed fresh for local consumption and exported to Arabian Gulf countries.
Also dry-salted for export to Sri Lanka. Catch of Epinephelus species reported in the Handbook of Fisheries
Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) range from 410 t (1974) to 5 463 t (1982), with an average of 1 784 t. More than
30 species belonging to this family have been reported from Pakistan. Separate information will be given only
for the most important species. The remaining ones are only illustrated in plates
Epinephelns bleekeri (Vaillant, 1877)
Synonyms
PLATE II, 9
: Epinephelus coromandelicus Day, 1878
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Golori (Jiwani area)
Klancho (Bal)
Bleeker's reef cod (En)
FAO names : En - Duskytail grouper
Fr - Mérou demideuil
Sp - Mero medioluto
Size : Max.: 70 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line, gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : On rocky bottoms and reef areas
- 32 -
BONY FISHES
SERRANIDAE
Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828)
Synonyms
PLATE II, 10
None. A similar, possibly undescribed species of Epinephelus , also co-occurs with E. chlorostig ma.
This species differs notably in having 15 to 17 soft dorsal rays and in having spots present only on
the inner surface of the pectoral fin.
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Klancho, Golori (Jiwani area)(Bal)
FAO names : En - Brownspotted grouper
Fr - Mérou pintade
Sp - Mero pintado
Size : Max.: 75 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line, gillnets and
traps
Habitat and biology : Occurs on coral reefs and
rocky bottoms, from the shore to 280 m depths
Epinephelus diacanthus (Valenciennes, 1828)
Synonyms
PLATE II, 11
: None
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Chancho (Bal)
FAO names : En - Thornycheek grouper
Fr - Mérou épineux
Sp - Mero espinudo
Size : Max.: 52 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line, gillnets, traps, liftnets and in trawls
Habitat and biology : A bottom living species, sometimes forming large aggregations.
2 and 50 m depth
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål , 1775)
Synonyms
Occurs in waters between
PLATE II, 12
: Epinephelus emoryi Schultz, 1953
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Chancho (Bal)
Banded reef cod (En)
FAO names : En - Redbanded grouper
Fr - Mérou oriflamme
Sp - Mero banderilla
Size : Max.: 40 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line, traps
and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Occurs on coral reefs and rocky bottoms from the shore to 160 m depth. Feeds upon
bottom-living invertebrates such as molluscs and prawns, and also small fishes. Sexually ripe specimens found in
July and August and in December on the Baluchistan coast
- 33 BONY FISHES
SERRANIDAE
Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède, 1802)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Nambo, Lotari (Bal)
Blue and yellow reef cod (En)
FAO names : En - Blue and yellow grouper
Fr - Mérou faraud
Sp - Mero azul y amarillo
Size : Max.: 90 cm
Fishing gear : Caught on hook and line, in traps
and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Occurs in coral reef areas and on
rocky bottoms, from the shore to 160 m depth
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775)
PLATE III, 13
Synonyms : Epinephelus horridus (Valenciennes, 1828)
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Nambo, Lotari (Bal)
FAO names : En - Brown-marbled grouper
Fr - Mérou marbré
Sp - Mero manchado
Size : Max.: 90 cm; 11 kg
Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line and
gillnets as well as in traps
Habitat and biology : Mainly in reef areas, to at least
30 m depth
Epinephelus latifasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)
Synonyms
PLATE III, 14
: None
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Nambo, Lotari (Bal)
FAO names : En - Banded grouper
Fr - Mérou à bandes
Sp - Mero abanderado
Size : Max.: 70 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line, in
traps, gillnets and trawls
Habitat and biology : Occurs between 20 and 200 m depth,
juveniles over muddy or sandy bottoms, adults in rocky
areas
ju v e n ile
- 34 -
BONY FISHES
SERRANIDAE
Epinephelus malabaricus (Schneider, 1801)
PLATE III, 15
Synonyms
Often misidentification as " Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775)", which is a different species
Loc. names
Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Nambo, Lotari (Bal)
FAO names
En - Malabar grouper
Fr - Mérou malabare
Sp - Mero malabarico
Size : Max.: 100 cm (perhaps 200 cm)
Fishing gear : Caught on hook and line, in traps,
gillnets and trawls
Habitat and biology : Occurring in turbid waters,
i.e., estuarine areas, harbours, as well as in reef
areas, to about 30 m depth. This is the most common inshore species of grouper of the Western
Indian Ocean
Epinephelus morrhua (Valenciennes, 1833)
Synonyms
PLATE III, 16
: Epinephelus cometae Tanaka, 1927
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Nambo, Lotari (Bal)
Banded-cheek reefcod (En)
FAO names : En - Comet grouper
Fr - Mérou comète
Sp - Mero cometa
Size : Max.: 90 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets and in trawls
Habitat and biology : Found from about 100 to more than
350 m depth
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
PLATE III, 17
: Epinephelus elongatus Schultz, 1953
Epinephelus chewa Morgans, 1965
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Nambo, Lotari, Mait (large)(Bal)
Greasy reefcod (En)
FAO names : En - Greasy grouper
Fr - Mérou loutre
Sp - Mero lutra
Size : Max.: 65 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines and longlines (using shrimp bait), traps and gillnets. Main
fishery season is from November to April.
Habitat and biology : Mainly found in coral reef areas from 1 to
50 m depth.
Feeds on bottom-living crustaceans, especially
shrimp and small fishes.
Sexually ripe specimens are found in
December and March along the Baluchistan coast
- 35 BONY FISHES
SERRANIDAE
Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Nambo, Lotari (Bal)
FAO names : En - Potato grouper
Fr - Mérou patate
Sp - Mero patata
Size : Max.: 200 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with hook and line
Habitat and biology : Occurs on rocky bottoms, from
10 to 150 m depth
Epinephelus undulosus ( Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Synonyms
PLATE III, 18
: None
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Nambo, Lotinri (Bal)
FAO names : En - Midwater grouper
Fr - Mérou nodulé
Sp - Mero ondulado
Size : Max.: 75 cm; 7 kg
Fishing gear : Caught with trawls and on hook
and line
Habitat and biology : Over sandy banks, from 20 to 90 m
depth. Feeds on fishes, small crustaceans and tunicates
Promicrops lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Dhambo, Gisser (Sin); Nambo, Mait (large)(Bal)
Grouper (En)
FAO names : En - Brindle grouper
Fr - Mérou lancéolé
Sp - Mero lanceolado
Size : Max.: 270 cm (over 400 kg)
Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line and spears
Habitat and biology : Common in harbours, estuaries
and around wrecks, from 5 to 100 m depth
ju v e n ile
- 36 BONY FISHES
TERAPONIDAE
Loc. names : Ginghra (Sin); Adhi kuli, Kabloosh (Bal)
FAO names : En - Terapon-perches, terapons
Fr - Violons
Sp - Baraongas
Size : Max.: usually not exceeding 30 cm
Fishing gear : They are likely to be caught
with many types of inshore artisanal fishing
gear, including: gillnets, traps, hook and
line, handlines and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Species of this family inhabit
inshore waters and some are common in estuaries and
in fresh water
Interest to fisheries : They are good foodfishes and they are rather common in the catches. None of these
species, however, is important enough to support a special fishery
Pelates quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Ginghra (Sin); Adhi kuli (Bal)
Trumpeter perch (En)
FAO names : En - Fourlined terapon
Fr - Violon crépuscule
Sp - Baraonga aurora
Size : Max.: 30 cm, common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with traps, gillnets, handlines
and in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Occurs in inshore waters, often
in estuaries. Feeds on small fishes and invertebrates
Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
PLATE IV, 19
: Holocentrus servus Bloch, 1790
Loc. names : Ginghra (Sin); Adhi kuli, Kabloosh (Bal)
Crescentperch (En)
FAO names : En - Jarbua terapon
Fr - Violon jarbua
Sp - Baraonga jarbua
Size : Max.. 30 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with all types of inshore fishi ng gear, including gillnets, traps, handlines and
bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Found in inshore waters, sometimes in estuaries and fresh waters. Feeds on fishes and
invertebrates, also a scale-eater
- 37 -
BONY FISHES
Terapon puta ( Cuvier, 1829)
Synonyms
TERAPONIDAE
PLATE IV, 20
: Authistes puts Whitley, 1943
Loc. names : Ginghra (Sin); Gwarak (large), Kabloosh (Bal)
Small-scaled banded grunt (En)
FAO names : En - Smallscaled terapon
Fr - Violon grogneur
Sp - Baraonga ronco
Size : Max.: 15 cm; common to 12 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with all types of inshore fishing gear, including gillnets, traps, handlines and in
bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Found mainly in inshore waters, also in estuaries and in fresh waters. Feeds on fishes and
invertebrates
Terapon theraps (Cuvier, 1829)
Synonyms
Eutherapon theraps: Whitley, 1943
Loc. names : Ginghra (Sin); Adhi kuli (Bal)
Large-scaled banded grunt (En)
FAO names : En - Largescaled terapon
Fr - Violon tigre
Sp - Baraonga tigre
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with all types of inshore
fishing gear including gillnets, traps, handlines
and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Found in inshore areas, sometimes in brackish waters. Feeds on invertebrates and fish
SILLAGINIDAE
Sillago sihama (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
PLATE IV, 21
None
Loc. names : Bhambor (Sin); Hashoor (Bal)
Silver whiting (En)
FAO names : En - Silver sillago
Fr - Pêche- madame ardent
Sp - Silago plateado
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with beach seines and handlines
Habitat and biology : Inhabits shallow sandy bottoms of shores and bays; also in creeks and estuaries.
small invertebrates
Feeds on
Interest to fisheries : The main fishery for this species takes place in June-July (Undo ) together with mullet and
prawns.
It is said to be caught in creeks in very large numbers when the sea is rough and the fishermen do not
go far from shore.
The flesh is said to be tasty. The catches reported in the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of
Pakistan (1973-83) range from 102 t (1980) to 859 t (1982) with an average of 404 t
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- 38 BONY FISHES
LACTARIIDAE
Lactarius lactarius (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
Lactarius delicatulus Valenciennes, 1833
Loc. names : Bukko (Sin); chilanker (Bal)
White milkfish (En)
FAO names : En - False trivially
Fr - Péliau chanos
Sp - Pagapa
Size : Max.: 40 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught
seines and traps
mainly
with bottom trawls,
Habitat and biology : Found in various types of habitats,
usually in waters shallower than 100 m. Feeds on bottomlivi ng organisms
Interest to fisheries : A popular fish, sold fresh or dried salted.
650 t in 1982 (FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, 1982)
The reported catches from Pakistan totalled
RACHYCENTRIDAE
Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Sanghra, Aangh (Sin); Sanglor (Bal)
Black kingfish (En)
FAO names : En - Cobia
Fr - Mafou
Sp - Cobia
Size : Max.: 200 cm; common to 110 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, bottom trawls, driftnets and floating gillnets
Habitat and biology : This is an essentially pelagic species, sometimes occurring over shallow coral reefs and off
rocky shores; also in estuaries.
Feeds on crabs, squid, fishes and sea snakes. Sexually ripe specimens found in
March and April along the Baluchistan coast.
Interest to fisheries : A rather common species, with a very delicate flesh, usually sold fresh, or dry-salted for
export to Sri Lanka. The catches reported in the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) range
from 606 t (1980) to 1 971 t (1982), with an average of 1 231 t
ECHENEIDIDAE
Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
dorsal view of head
showing cephalic disc
: None
Loc. names : Masi (Sin); Li-ching
remora (En)
(Bal)
FAO names : En - Live sharksucker
Fr - Rémora commun
Sp - Pegatimón
Size : Max.: to more than 75 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with handlines, but more often captured attached to the body of its host
Habitat and biology : Formed in shallow, coastal waters, often free-swimming but will attach temporarily to a
wide range of host such as sharks, seaturtles and ships. Feeds mainly on food scraps of the host species
Interest to fisheries : Of little commercial interest, but sometimes taken in coastal fisheries along with other
species, and sold in local markets
- 39 -
BONY FISHES
CARANGIDAE
Trachinotus
Atropus
Decapterus
Scomberoides
Caranx
Examples of body shapes
Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar, Seem, etc. (Sin); Pattar, Kakkawan, Gishran, Seem, etc. (Bal)
FAO names : En - Jacks, trevallies, scads, runners, amberjacks, pompanos, pomfrets
Fr - Carangues, cordonniers, pompanos, comères, castagnolines
Sp - Jureles, pampanos , macarelas , palometones, palometas
Size : Some species may exceed 200 cm
Fishing gear : They are caught with trawls, purse seines, traps and on line gear
Habitat and biology : This family covers a large number of species with rather different habitats and behaviour.
Some species are pelagic and schooling, some, especially the juveniles, are found in estuaries and brackish waters,
some are oceanic, found far offshore.
Interest to fisheries : This is one of the most important families of commercial fishes, often occurring in large
quantities, their flesh being highly appreciated.
Marketed mostly fresh. The only carangid fishes identified
separately for reported purposes by the Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83), are species of
Scomberoides , catches of which range from 92 t (1983) to 9 106 t (1979). However, these figures probably also
included other carangid species
- 40 BONY FISHES
CARANGIDAE
Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1788)
Synonyms
Atlantic Ocean: Alectis crinitus ( Mitchill, 1826) or
Blepharis crinitus Mitchill, 1826)
Hawaii: Carangoides ajax Snyder, 1904
Loc. names : Patted (Sin); Siah-pattar, Ushtar, Banzali (juv.)(Bal)
Thread-finned trivially (En)
young of 13 cm
standard length
FAO names : En - African pompano
Fr - Cordonnier fil
Sp - Pampano de hebra
Size : Mar.: (possible) 150 cm total length; common to 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line (adults),
with beach seines (juveniles and in trawls)
Habitat and biology : Solitary, found in coastal waters to about 100 m
depth. Juveniles are pelagic and drifting. Feeds mainly on
slowswimming or sedentary crustaceans
Alectis indicus (Rüppell, 1830)
Synonyms
PLATE IV, 22
: None
young
Loc. names : Patted (Sin); Ushtar , Safay-pattar (Bal)
Indian threadfinned trevally (En)
FAO names : En - Indian threadfish
Fr - Cordonnier plume
Sp - Pampano i ndico
Size : Mar.: 150 cm (total length)
Fishing gear : Taken on hook and line (adults),
in beach seines (juveniles) and in bottom tram
Is. An appreciated sportsfish
Habitat and biology : Adults are reported to form large schools, mainly in
coastal maters. Juveniles are usually solitary and often enter estuaries.
Feeds on fish, small squid and crustaceans
Alepes djedaba (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
PLATE IV, 23
: Atule dje daba (Forsskål 1775)
Caranx djedaba ( Forsskål, 1775)
Loc. names : Bangra, Seem (Sin); Bakoi (Bal)
FAO names . En - Shrimp scad
Fr - Sélar subari
Sp - Jurel subari
Size : Max.: 29 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : Caught with trawls and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : Occurs in coastal maters, around reefs as well as in more turbid areas.
Often forming
large schools. Feeds on invertebrates (crustaceans and copepods), the larger specimens also on small fish
- 41 -
BONY FISHES
CARANGIDAE
Alepes melanoptera Swainson, 1839
Synonyms
Caranx malam (Bleeker, 1851)
Alepes malam (Bleeker, 1851)
Caranx nigripinnis Day, 1876
Caranx pectoralis Chan, 1968
Loc. names : Bangra, Seem (Sin);
Kakawan pattar (Bal)
FAO names : En - Blackfin scad
Fr - Sélar aile noire
Sp - Jurel alinegro
Size : Max.: 21 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : Found in inshore waters. Feeds on shrimp, copepods and other small invertebrates
Alepes vari (Cuvier, 1833)
Synonyms
Caranx macrurus (Bleeker, 1852)
Alepes macrurus (Bleeker, 1852)
Alepes qlabra Fowler, 1904
Loc. names : Bangra, Seem (Sin);
Kakaan pattar (Bal)
FAO names : En - Herring scad
Fr - Sélar harangule
Sp - Jurel arenque
Size : Max.: 46 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : Caught in trawls and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : Common in shallow coastal waters.
small fishes
Feeds on shrimps, copepodes, decapod crustaceans and
Atropus atropos (Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Mori, Pattal (Sin); Pattar (Bal)
Kuwehs (En)
FAO names : En -Cleftbelly trevally
Fr - Pompano à quille noire
Sp - Pampano de quilla
Size : Mar.: 23 cm (fork length); possibly to
30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : In shallow coastal waters, often swimFeeds on shrimps, copepods,
ming near the surface.
decapod crustaceans and small fishes
u n d e rs id e o f b e lly
- 42 BONY FISHES
CARANGIDAE
Atule mate (Cuvier, 1833)
Synonyms
Caranx mate Cuvier, 1833
Caranx affinis Rüppell, 1836
Decametres politus (Jenkins, 1904)
Decapterus lundini Jordan & Seale, 1906
Decapterus normani Bertin & Dollfus, 1948
Loc. names : Seem (Sin); Pattar (Bal)
One-finlet scad, King fish (En)
FAO names : En - Yellowtail scad
Fr - Selar queue jaune
Sp - Jurel rabo amarillo
Size : Max.: 28 cm (fork length); common to
26 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in trawls, on hook and line and
various types of artisanal gear
Habitat and biology : A schooling species, found in shallow coastal waters to about 50 m depth.
Feeds on
crustaceans and cephalopods
Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Rüppell, 1830)
Synonyms : Caranx caeruleopinnatus Rüppell, 1830
Carangoides altissimus Jordan & Seale, 1907
Caranx formosanus Jordan & Snyder, 1910
Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Pattar (Bal)
FAO names : En - Coastal trevally
Fr - Carangue côtière
Sp - Jurel costero
Size : Max.: 36 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, on hook
and line, in gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : In coastal waters, but rarely close
to the shore; also found in deeper reef areas.
A rather
sluggish fish
Carangoides chrysophrys ( Cuvier, 1833)
Synonyms
PLATE V, 25
Caranx chrysophrys Cuvier, 1833
Carangoides chrysophryoides Bleeker, 1851
Caranx typus Gilchrist & Thompson, 1917
Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Pattar (Bal)
Dusky trevally (En)
FAO names : En - Longnose trevally
Fr - Carangue tapir
Sp - Jurel tapir
Size : Max.: 60 cm (total length)
Fishing gear : Caught on hook and line, in bottom
trawls, with gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : Inhabits
coastal
about 60 m depth, juveniles in estuaries
waters
to
- 43 BONY FISHES
Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
PLATE V, 26
Caranx ferdau (Forsskål, 1775)
Carangoides hemigymnostethus Bleeker, 1857,
Caranx gilberti Jordan & Seale, 1906
Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin);
Pattar, Gal-bat (Bal)
Ferdau's trevally (Eh)
FAO names : En - Blue trevally
Fr - Carangue tachetée
Sp - Jurel manchado
Size : Mar.: 70 cm (total length)
Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls, on hook
and line, with gillnets and in traps
Habitat and biology : In coastal waters, especially over sandy
bottoms, to about 60 m depth. Feeds on prawns, crabs and
small fish
Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
: Caranx fulvoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775)
Turrum emburyi Whitley, 1932
Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin);
Kakawan (Bal)
FAO names : En - Yellowspotted trevally
Fr - Carabeue pailletée
Sp - Jurel centellante
Size : Max.: 80 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, on hook and
line and by spearing; also with gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : Prefers rocky and coral reefs,
but occasionally found over offshore banks to about
100 m depth. Feeds mainly on small invertebrates
and fishes
Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier, 1833)
Synonyms
Caranx qymnostethus (Cuvier, 1833)
Carangoides gymnostethoides Bleeker, 1851
Loc. names
Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Kakkawan (Bal)
FAO names : En - Bludger
Fr - Carangue balo
Sp - Jurel balo
Size : Max.: about 80 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : Caught with trawls, on hook and
line, in gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology ; Adults are solitary in
deeper offshore reefs; juveniles form large
schools. Feeds on small invertebrates and
fishes
CARANGIDAE
- 44 -
BONY FISHES
CARANGIDAE
Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
PLATE V, 27
Caranx malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Carangoides rectipinnis Williams, 1958
Carangoides rhomboides Kotthaus, 1974
Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Pattar (Bal)
FAO names : En - Malabar trevally
Fr - Carangue monique
Sp - Jurel malabarico
Size : Max.: about 25 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, on hook
and line, with gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : Usually on rocky and coral reefs,
but also in shallow, sandy bays. Feeds on crustaceans,
small squid and shrimp
Other species of Carangoides
Carangoides bajad (Forsskål, 1775)
Bangra, Kakkar (Sin)
Kakkawan (Bal)
size: to 55 cm (TL)
PLATE IV, 24
Carangoides oblongus ( Cuvier, 1833)
Coachwhip trevally
Bangra, Kakkar (Sin)
Pattar (Bal)
size: to 40 cm (FL)
Carangoides hedlandensis ( Whitley, 1933)
Bumpnose trevally
Bangra, Kakkar (Sin)
Pattar (Bal)
size: to about 30 cm (FL)
Carangoides plagiotaenia Bleeker, 1857
Barcheek trevally
Bangra, Kakkar (Sin)
Kakkawan (Bal)
size: to 40 cm (FL)
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- 45 BONY FISHES
CARANGIDAE
Other species of Carangoides
Carangoides praeustus (Bennett, 1830)
Brownback trevally
Bangra, Kakkar (Sin)
Kakkawan (Bal)
size: to 28 cm (FL)
Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål , 1775)
Synonyms
Carangoides talamparoides Bleeker, 1852
I mposter trevally
Bangra, Kakkar (Sin)
Pattar (Bal)
size: to 28 cm (FL)
PLATE V, 28
: None
Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Gishran (Bal)
Yellow-fin trevally (En)
FAO names : En - Giant trevally
Fr - Carangue têtue
Sp - Jurel gigante
Size : Max.: 146 cm (fork length); common to 80 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, with hook and line, by
spearing, in gillnets and traps. An excellent sportfish
Habitat and biology : Abundant in all marine habitats; juveniles
often encountered in estuaries. Feeds primarily on fish
common
less common
rare
underside of head
types of solation patterns on breast
Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833
Synonyms
Caranx stellatus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1841
Caranx medusicola Jordan & Starks, 1895
Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Gishran, Gal-bat (Bal)
Bluffing jack (En)
FAO names : En - Bluefin trevally
Fr - Carangue aile bleue
Sp - Jurel de aleta azul
Size : Max.: 100 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : Caught primarily on hook and line and
by spearing; also with traps and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Mostly
associated
areas. Feeds primarily on fish
to
reef
- 46 -
BONY FISHES
CARANGIDAE
Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
Synonyms
PLATE V, 29
Caranx marginatus Gill, 1863
Caranx elacate Jordan & Evermann, 1904
Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Kakawan (Bal)
FAO names : En - Bigeye trevally
Fr - Carangue vorace
Sp - Jurel voraz
Size : Max.: 78 cm (fork length); common to 60 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with hook and line at night
using light;
also with gillnets, purse seines and other
artisanal gear
Habitat and biology : A reef-associated species, the juveniles in estuarine areas.
crustaceans
Feeds primarily on fish and
"Caranx " para Cuvier, 1833
Synonyms
Caranx kalla Cuvier, 1833 (misapplied to C. para
Caranx microchir Cuvier, 1833
Caranx miyakamii Wakiya, 1924
Loc. names : Bangra, Kakkar (Sin); Bakko (Bal)
FAO names : En - Banded scad
Fr - Comère ruban
Sp - Macarela bandoneada
Size : Max.: to about 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls,
on hook and line and in gillnets
Habitat and biology : An inshore coastal species, feeding mainly on planktonic crustaceans and larval fishes
Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851
Synonyms
Decapterus lalang Bleeker (A synomym of
D. russelli , but this name has often been
misapplied to D. macrosoma)
Decapterus afuerae Hildebrand, 1946
Loc. names : Seem (Sin); Seem (Bal)
Jack mackerel (En)
FAO names : En - Shortfin scad
Fr - Comère fine
Sp - Macarela alicorta
Size : Max.: 30 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : Caught in trawls and purse seines
Habitat and biology : A schooling species, usually occurring
between 30 and 170 m depth.
Feeds on small planktonic
invertebrates
- 47 BONY FISHES
Decapterus russelli (Rüppell , 1830)
Synonyms
CARANGIDAE
Decapterus kiliche ( Cuvier, 1833)
Decapterus lalang Bleeker, 1885 (This name has often been misapplied to D. macrosoma)
Decapterus dayi Wakiya , 1928
Decapterus tabl Berry, 1968 (A valid species for which the name D. russelli has often been
misapplied in Japan)
Loc. names : Seem (Sin); Seem (Bal)
Jack mackerel (En)
FAO names : En - Indian scad
Fr - Comère indienne
Sp - Macarela indica
Size : Max.: 35 cm (fork length); common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with purse seines and trawls
Habitat and biology : This i s the most common
Decapterus species in the Western Indian Ocean. It
occurs in schools in waters not exceeding 100 m
depth.
Reaches maturity during the first year of
life, at about 12 cm total length.
Feeds primarily
on small planktonic invertebrates
Elagatis bipinnulata ( Quay & Gaimard, 1824)
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Santo (Bal)
FAO names : En - Rainbow runner
Fr - Comère saumon
Sp - Macarela salmon
Size : Max.: 120 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear. Caught mainly on hook and line;
also in gillnets, trawls and seines
Habitat and biology : A pelagic species, usually near the
May form sizeable schools. Feeds on invertesurface.
brates and small fishes
Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms : Caranx speciosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Loc. names : Bangra (Sin); Gishran (Bal)
Golden toothless trevally (En)
FAO names : En - Golden trevally
Fr - Carangue royale jaune
Sp - Jurel dorado
Size : Max.: 110 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with gillnets and by spearing
Habitat and biology : In coastal waters, including rocky reefs, deep lagoons, etc. A bottom feeder, on crustaceans, molluscs and small fish. Sexually ripe specimens found in October and November along Baluchistan coast
- 48 -
BONY FISHES
CARANGIDAE
Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758)
PLATE V, 30
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Bangra (Sin); Datum , Dardumb (Bal)
Torpedo trevally (En)
FAO names : En - Torpedo scad
Fr - Comère tortilla
St - Macarela torpedo
Size : Max.: 80 cm (total length); common to 40 cm
Fishing gear : Caught on hook and line, with beach
seines, trawls, purse seines and traps
Habitat and biology : A pelagic, schooling species, feeding on fish and small crustaceans . Sexually ripe
specimens found in October and December along the Baluchistan coast
Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Naucrates indicus Lesson, 1830
Loc. names : Karoo (Sin); Zarkao, Zrkaok (Bal)
Pilotfish (En)
FAO names : En - Pilotfish
Fr - Poisson pilote
Sp - Pez piloto
Size : Mar.: 70 cm; common to 35 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with pelagic trawls
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, in oceanic waters, usually associated with sharks, rays, sea turtles, other fishes,
ships and driftwood
Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795)
Synonyms : Apolectus niger (Bloch, 1795)
Formio niger (Bloch, 1795)
Citula halli Everrnann & Seale, 1907
Loc. names : Karopitho, Kala-poplet (Sin);
Siah tighlum, Kala pithoo (Bal)
Brown pomfret (En)
FAO names : En - Black pomfret
Fr - Castagnoline noire
St - Palometa negra
Size : Max.: 55 cm (total length); common to
30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, trawls and seines
Habitat and biology : Usually found over muddy bottoms between 15 and 40 m depth.
Near the bottom during
the day, rises near the surface at night.
Feeds on zooplankton, crustaceans and small fishes. Sexually ripe
specimens found in August to October
- 49 BONY FISHES
Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède, 1802
Synonyms
CARANGIDAE
Chorinemus commersonnianus (Lacepède, 1802)
Loc. names : Aal, Saram (Sin); Saram gazdani (Bal)
Blacktipped leather skin (En)
FAO names : En - Talang queenfish
Fr - Sauteur talang
Sp - Jurel saltador
Size : Max.: 120 cm (total length)
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, seines, on hook and line and in trawls. The main fishing season for this
species is "Katti" (August to October), but it is also caught, in smaller quantities, in "Chetta" (April to May) and
"Unaro" (June to July)
Habitat and biology : Mostly a coastal species, sometimes entering estuaries.
Forms small schools. Feeds
primarily on fish, cephalopods and other pelagic organisms; young are scale-eaters. Sexually ripe specimens are
-found in August and September along the Baluchistan coast. The spines of first dorsal and anal fins are venomous
Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål , 1775)
Synonyms
PLATE VI, 31
Chorinemus sanctipetri Cuvier, 1832
Chorinemus orientalis Temminck & Schlegel, 1844
Loc. names : Aal, Saram (Sin); Saram alari (Bal)
Leather skin (En)
FAO names : En - Doublespotted queenfish
Fr - Sauteur sabre
Sp - Jurel sable
Size : Max.: 60 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, seines, on hook and line and in trawls.
The main fishing season for this
species is "Katti" (August to October), but it is also caught, in smaller quantities, in "Chetta" (April to May) and
"Unaro" (June to July)
Habitat and biology : Lives from close inshore to 100 m depth, from shallow lagoons to offshore areas. Forms
small schools and it is reported to be attracted by hitting the surface of the water repeatedly in rapid succession.
Feeds primarily on fishes, the young are scale-eaters. The spines of first dorsal and anal fins are venomous
Scomberoides tol (Cuvier, 1832)
Synonyms
PLATE VI, 32
Chorinemus tol Cuvier, 1832
Loc. names : Aal, Saram (Sin); Saram kainchan (Bal)
Slender queenfish (En)
FAO names : En - Needlescaled queenfish
Fr - Sauteur leurre
Sp - Jurel saltarin
Size : Max.: 50 cm (fork length)
The main fishing season for this
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, seines, on hook and line and in trawls.
species is "Katti" (August to October), but it is also caught, in smaller quantities, in "Chetta" (April to May) and
"Unaro" (June to July)
Habitat and biology : A coastal species, usually found in small schools near the surface.
juveniles are scale-eaters. The spines of the first dorsal and anal fins are venomous
Feeds primarily on fish,
- 50 -
BONY FISHES
CARANGIDAE
Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793)
Synonyms
Trachurops crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793)
Loc. names : Seem (Sin); Chum-na, Tailgo seem (Bal)
Kingfish (En)
g ill c h a m b e r
a ft e r lift in g o p e rc le
FAO names : En - Bigeye scad
Fr - Sélar coulisou
Sp - Chicharro ojón
Size : Max.: about 30 cm (standard length);
common to 27 cm
Fishing gear : Caught on hook and line, with
beach seines, trawls, purse seines and traps
Habitat and biology : Found from inshore waters to about 170 m
depth; occurs in small to large schools.
Feeds on planktonic and
benthic invertebrates, including shrimps, crabs and foraminifers; also
on fish
Selaroides leptolepis ( Cuvier, 1833)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Seem (Sin); Bakoi (Bal)
FAO names : En - Yellowstripe scad
Fr - Sélar à bande dorée
Sp - Chicharro banda dorada
Size : Max.: to about 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : A demersal species,
sometimes forming large schools, usually
on soft bottoms to 50 m depth. Feeds on
various invertebrates and on small fish
Seriolina nigrofasciata (Rüppell, 1829)
Synonyms
: Zonichthys nigrofasciata ( Rüppell, 1829)
Loc. names : Seem (Sin); Sarkao, Zarkaok (Bal)
Blackbanded kingfish (En)
FAO names : En - Blackbanded trevally
Fr - Sériole amourez
Sp - Medregal listado
Size : Max.: about 70 cm (total length)
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, traps, gillnets and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : A solitary species, mostly around offshore
reefs, at depths between 20 and 150 m depth. Feeds on demersal fish,
cephalopods and prawns
juvenile
- 51 -
BONY FISHES
CARANGIDAE
Trachinotus africanus Smith, 1967
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Sonaf (Sin); Sonam, Sonab (Bal)
Pompano (En)
FAO names : En - African pompano
Fr - Pompaneau africain
Sp - Pàmpano africano
Size : Max.: about 90 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with traps, gillnets, handlines, bottom trawls and by spearing
Habitat and biology : In shallow coastal waters, mainly around reefs and rocky outcrops. Usually solitary or in
pairs, may form larger aggregations during the breeding season. Feeds on molluscs (mainly rock mussels) and on
crabs
Trachinotus bailloni (Lacepède, 1801)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Sonaf (Sin); Kainchan (Bal)
Pompano (En)
FAO names : En - Smallspotted dart
Fr - Pompaneau muscadin
Sp - Pàmpano abotonado
Size : Max.: 40 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with traps, gillnets, handlines and in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters
Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801)
Synonyms
PLATE VI, 33
: None
Loc. names : Sonaf (Sin); Sonam, Sonab (Bal)
Bloch's dart, Pompano (En)
FAO names : En - Snubnose pompano
Fr - Pompaneau lune
Sp - Pompano lunero
Size : Max.: about 90 cm (total length)
Fishing gear : Caught with traps, gillnets,
trawls and handlines
Habitat and biology : Occurs in shallow coastal
waters, mainly around coral and rocky reefs
juvenile
- 52 BONY FISHES
CARANGIDAE
Trachinotus mookalee Cuvier, 1832
PLATE VI, 34
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Sonaf (Sin); Sonam, Sonab (Bal)
Pompano (En)
FAO names : En - Indian pompano
Fr - Pompaneau indien
Sp - Pámpano i ndico
Size : Max.: about 90 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with traps, gillnets, handlines and in trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits shallow coastal waters
Treacherous indicus Nekrasov, 1966
Synonyms
PLATE VI, 35
: None
Loc. names : Sonaf (Sin); Seem, Chum-ma (Bal)
FAO names : En - Arabian scad
Fr - Chinchard d'Arabie
Sp - Jurel arabigo
Size : Max.: 35 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with bottom trawls, handlines and gillnets
Habitat and biology : A demersal, schooling species, occurring between 20 and 100 m depth. Reported not to
occur in waters colder than 20-C or with oxygen saturation below 30%. Feeds on small crustaceans and fish fry
Uraspis secunda (Poey, 1860)
Synonyms
Caranx hullianus McCulloch, 1909
Bassetina hullianus ( McCulloch, 1909)
Uraspis reversa Jordan, Evermann & Wakiya, 1927
Uraspis heidi Fowler, 1938
Uraspis wakiyai Williams, 1961
Uraspis cadenati Blache & Rossignol, 1962
Loc. names : Kakkar (Sin); Pattar (Bal)
FAO names : En - Cottonmouth jack
Fr - Carangue coton
Sp - Jurel volantin
Size : Max.: about 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with trawls, purse
seines, longlines and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : Mainly oceanic, solitary, forming small schools at times
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BONY FISHES
CORYPHAENIDAE
Loc. names : Mahlar (Sin); Amlooshk, Amrusk (Bal)
Dolphin fish (En)
FAO names : En - Dolphinfishes
Fr- Coryphènes
Sp - Dorados
Size : Max.: 200 cm; common to 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught by trolling on tuna longlines and in driftnets
Habitat and biology : Pelagic, inhabit open waters, sometimes approaching the coast. Follow ships and form.
small concentrations below floating objects. Feed on fish, crustaceans and squids. Breed, in open sea.
Sexually ripe specimens of C. hippurus are found in May and June along the Baluchistan coast.
Interest to fisheries : The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports catches of C. hippurus
ranging from 309 t (1979) to 751 t (1983), but these figures probably also include C. equiselis .
The flesh is highly
appreciated
Species of Coryphaenidae
Coryphaena equiselis Linnaeus, 1758
Pompano dolphinfish
size: to 75 cm
Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758
Common dolphinfish
size: to 200 cm
MENIDAE
Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
PLATE VI, 36
None
Loc. names : Girpai (Sin); Mith (Bal)
Moon fish (En)
FAO names : En - Moonfish
Fr- Luneur
Sp - Lunero
Size : Max.: 24 cm; common to 18 cm
Fishing gear : Taken with bottom trawls and various
types of artisanal gear, especially beach seines and
traps
Habitat and biology : Inhabits deeper coastal waters,
sometimes entering estuaries. Feeds on small invertebrates
Interest to fisheries : Although it has little flesh, the
quality is excellent. It is usually marketed fresh
- 54 BONY FISHES
LEIOGNATHIDAE
Loc. names : Kaanteri (Sin); Mith (Bal)
FAO names : En - Ponyfishes, toothponies
Fr - Sapsaps
Sp - Motambos
Size : Max.: to 25 cm, but most
species to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom
trawls, shore seines, bagnets and
other types of artisanal gear
Habitat and biology : Found in shallow coastal waters,
including brackish waters and especially estuaries.
Some species are found in dense schools
Interest to fisheries : Although most species are rather
small, they may be rather abundant, particularly in
creeks
Gazza minuta (Bloch, 1797)
Synonyms
PLATE VII, 37
None
Loc. names : Neela punto (Sin); Mith (Bal)
Toothed ponyfish (En)
FAO names : En - Toothpony
Fr - Sapsap dentu
Sp - Motambo dentudo
Size : Max.: 14 cm; common to 10 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, also
in bagnets and shore seines
Habitat and biology : coastal waters, down to bout 40 m depth, predominantly near the bottom. Feeds on small fishes, prawns and other crustaceans and on polychaets
Leiognathus splendens (Cuvier, 1829)
Synonyms
PLATE VIII, 48
None
Loc. names : Kaanteri (Sin); Mith (Bal)
Ponyfish (En)
FAO names : En - Splendid ponyfish
Fr - Sapsap soleil
Sp - Motambo esplendor
Size : Max.: 14 cm; common to 10 cm
Fishing gear : Caught
mainly
with
trawls, but also with shore seines
bottom
Habitat and biology : Inhabits shallow waters to about 40 m
depth; found near the bottom, in schools, often entering estuaries. Feeds on small crustaceans, foraminifera and bivalves
- 55 BONY FISHES
LEIOGNATHIDAE
Other species of Leiognathus
Leiognathus berbis (Valenciennes, 1835)
Berber ponyfish
size: to 11 cm
PLATE VII, 38
Leiognathus bindus (Valenciennes, 1835)
Orangefin ponyfish
size: to 11 cm
PLATE VII, 39
Leiognathus blochi (Valenciennes, 1835)
Two-blotch ponyfish
size: to 10 cm
PLATE VII, 40
Leiognathus brevirostris (Valenciennes, 1835)
Shortnose ponyfish
size: to 13.5 cm
PLATE VII, 41
Leiognathus daura ( Cuvier, 1829)
Goldstripe ponyfish
size: to 14 cm
PLATE VII, 42
- 56 -
BONY FISHES
Other species of Leiognathus
LEIOGNATHIDAE
PLATE VIII, 43
PLATE VIII, 44
Leiognathus dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1835)
Dussumier's ponyfish
size: to 14 cm
Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål , 1775)
Common ponyfish
size: to 24 cm
Leiognathus leuciscus (Günther, 1860)
Whipfin ponyfish
size: to 12 cm
Leiognathus fasciatus (Lecepède, 1803)
Striped ponyfish
size: to 21 cm
PLATE VIII, 46
PLATE VIII, 45
Leiognathus lineolatus ( Valenciennes, 1835)
Ornate ponyfish
PLATE VIII, 47
size: to 9.5 cm
Secutor insidiator (Bloch, 1787)
Synonyms
PLATE IX, 49
: Leiognathus insidiator Weber & de Beaufort, 1931
Loc. names : Kaanteri (Sin); Mith (Bal)
Slender barred ponyfish (En)
FAO names : En - Pugnose ponyfish
Fr - Sapsap boxeur
Sp - Motambo boxeador
Size : Max.: 10.5 cm; common to S cm
Fishing gear : Caught with
shore seines and bagnets
bottom trawls,
Habitat and biology : Lives near the bottom, in shallow
coastal waters to about 40 m depth; usually in schools.
Feeds on small crustaceans
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BONY FISHES
GERREIDAE
Loc. names : Jerki (Sin); Mudro (Bal)
FAO names : En - Silver-biddies
Fr - Blanches
Sp - Mojarras
Size : Max.: to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, beach
seines, stakenets and other types of artisanal gear
in
shallow
coastal
Habitat and biology : Found
waters, some species also in brackish waters,
lagoons and estuaries. Bottom-living, feed on benthic organism.
Interest to fisheries : Species of this family are rather common and are
frequently caught in creeks, often in large quantities. They are dried with
or without salt or used in manure
Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, 1829
Synonyms
Gerres punctatus Cuvier, 1830
Pertica filamentosa Munro, 1955
?Gerres macracanthus Bleeker, 1854
Loc. names : Jerki (Sin); Mudro (Bal)
Long-rayed silver-biddy (En)
FAO names : En - Whipfin silver-biddy
Fr - Blanche fil
Sp - Mojarra de hebra
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with beach seines and
bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Lives in shallow coastal waters, to
about 50 m depth, on sandy bottoms, but also in rocky and
coralline areas
Gerres oyena (Forsskål , 1775)
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Jerki (Sin); Mudro (Bal)
Lined silver-biddy (En)
FAO names : En - Common silver-biddy
Fr - Blanche commune
Sp - Mojarra común
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls and seines
Habitat and biology : Common on sandy beaches, also entering
estuaries and brackish lagoons.
Lives on small benthic
organisms
- 58 -
BONY FISHES
GERREIDAE
Gerres poieti Cuvier, 1829
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Jerki (Sin); Mudro (Bal)
FAO names : En - Strongspine silver-biddy
Fr - Blanche armée
Sp - Mojarra espinuda
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Taken
and beach seines
with stakenets, liftnets
Habitat and biology : Common in estuaries and coastal
lasons; forms small schools .
Feeds on small benthic
invertebrates
Pentaprion longimanus ( Cantor, 1850)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Jerki (Sin); Mudro (Bal)
FAO names : En - Longfin silver-biddy
Fr - Blanche à pagaies
Sp - Mojarra alona
Size : Max.: 15 cm; common to 10 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Lives near the bottom, to . about
70 m depth; forms large schools. Feeds on small benthic
organisms
LUTJANIDAE
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin);
Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
FAO names : En - Snappers, jobfishes, etc.
Fr - Vivaneaux, colas, etc.
Sp - Pargos , panchitos, etc.
Size :
Some species may exceed 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with bottom
trawls, handlines, longlines, gillnets and
traps
Habitat and biology : These are mostly demersal species, found from inshore waters to considerable depths
(continental slope), the juveniles of some species entering estuaries. They are not schooling species but some
form aggregations. They feed mainly at night, on the bottom, on fish, crustaceans, cuttlefish and worms.
Interest to fisheries : Snappers are usually of high commercial value because of their delicate flesh. The
Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports catches of Lutjanus species ranging from 940 t
(1983) to 4 365 t (1973), with an average of 2 241 t
- 59 BONY FISHES
LUTJANIDAE
Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål, 1775)
PLATE IX, 54
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
Red snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Mangrove red snapper
Fr - Vivaneau des mangroves
Sp - Pargo de manglar
Size : Max.: 120 cm; common to 80 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, bottom
trawls and bottom longlines
Habitat and biology : A coastal species, the juveniles in
shallow water and mangrove areas, the adults to 80 m
depth. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes
Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, 1790
Synonyms
PLATE X, 59
Lutjanus altifrontalis
Lutjanus malabaricus (non-Bloch & Schneider)
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin), Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
FAO names : En - Crimson snapper
Fr - Vivaneau cramoisi
Sp - Pargo carmesi
Size : Mar.: 60 cm; common to 45 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with longlines and
bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits shallow coastal waters to about 60 m depth. Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates
and fish
Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
PLATE X, 60
: Lutjanus fulviflammus (Forsskål , 1775)
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
One-spot golden snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Blackspot snapper
Fr - Vivaneau gibelot
Sp - Pargo tintero
Size : Mar.: 35 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, traps and
gillnets
coastal
waters,
mainly
Habitat and biology : Shallow
around mangroves on muddy or rocky bottoms; also in reef
areas. Feeds on invertebrates and small fishes.
- 60 BONY FISHES
LUTJANIDAE
Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792)
PLATE XI, 63
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
Moses perch (En)
FAO names : En - John's snapper
Fr - Vivaneau ziebelo
Sp - Pargo jaspeado
Size : Max.: 70 cm; common to 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly
bottom trawls and traps
with handlines,
Habitat and biology : Shallow coastal waters, including
mangrove areas; also found down to depths of 80 m. Feeds
on bottom-living invertebrates and fishes
Lutjanus lunulatus (Park, 1797)
Synonyms
PLATE XI, 66
: None
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
Crescent snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Lunartail snapper
Fr - Vivaneau queue lune
Sp - Pargo raboluna
Size : Max.: 35 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, traps and
gillnets
Habitat and biology : Mainly in reef areas, to about 50 m
depth. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans
Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790
Synonyms
PLATE XII, 67
: Lutjanus lineolatus (Rüppell, 1828)
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
Rosy snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Bigeye snapper
Fr - Vivaneau gros yeux
Sp - Pargo de Madras
Size : Max.. 30 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught
and bottom trawls
mainly
with handlines
Habitat and biology : In coastal waters to 80 m depth,
including reef areas.
Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates and fishes
- 61 BONY FISHES
Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
LUTJANIDAE
PLATE XII, 68
: Lutjanus sanguineus (Cuvier, 1828)
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Hiro, Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
Malabar snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Malabar blood snapper
Fr - Vivaneau malabar
Sp - Pargo malabárico
Size : Max.: 90 cm; common to 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, bottom
longlines and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters to 100 m
depth. Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates
Lutjanus rivulatus ( Cuvier, 1828)
Synonyms
PLATE XII, 69
: None
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
Blue-lined snapper (En)
FAO names : En - Blubberlip snapper
Fr - Vivaneau maori
Sp - Pargo maori
Size : Max.: 65 cm; common to 35 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines,
gillnets. Occasionally trawled
traps,
Habitat and biology : In shallow coastal waters to 150 m
depth, usually around rocks and coral reefs.
The adults
are solitary. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans
Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1828)
Synonyms
PLATE XII, 72
: None
Loc. names : Hira, Hiro (Sin); Kunla, Kanalcha (Bal)
FAO names : En - Emperor red snapper
Fr - Vivaneau bourgeois
Sp - Pargo imperial
Size : Max.: over 100 cm; common to 60 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology :In coastal waters, the juveniles in
mangrove and seagrass areas, the adults down to 100 m
depth. Feeds on crustaceans and bottom living fishes
- 62 -
BONY FISHES
Other species of Lutjanidae
Aphareus furcatus (Lacepède, 1802)
Small-toothed jobfish
size: to 40 cm
PLATE IX, 50
LUTJANIDAE
Apron virescens Valenciennes, 1830
Green jobfish
PLATE IX, 51
size: to 80 cm
h e a d o f la rg e a d u lt
Lipocheilus carnolabrum (Chan, 1970)
Tang's snapper
size: to 60 cm
PLATE IX, 53
Etelis carbunculus ( Cuvier in Cuv. & Val. 1830)
Ruby snapper
size: to 70 cm
PLATE IX, 52
Lutjanus bohar (Forsskål, 1775)
Two-spot red snapper
size: to 75 cm PLATE X, 56
Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775)
Humpback red snapper
size: to 50 cm
PLATE XI, 62
Lutjanus lemniscatus (Valenciennes, 1830)
Yellowstreaked snapper
size: to 65 cm
PLATE XI, 65
- 63 BONY FISHES
Other species of Lu t ja n id a e
LUTJANIDAE
PLATE XII, 71
Lutjanus sanguineus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828
Humped snapper
size: to 85 cm
Lutjanus fulvus (Schneider, 1801)
Blacktail snapper
size: to 50 cm
PLATE XI, 61
PLATE X, 55
Lutjanus bengalensis (Bloch, 1790)
Bengal snapper
size: to 30 cm
PLATE X, 57
Lutjanus coeruleolineatus (Rüppell , 1835)
Blueline snapper
size: to 35 cm
PLATE XI, 64
Lutjanus Kashmir (Forsskål 1775)
Common bluestripe snapper
size: to 30 cm
PLATE X, 58
Lutjanus ehrenargii (Peters, 1869)
Ehremberg's snapper
size: to 30 cm
PLATE XII, 70
Lutjanus russelli (Bleeker, 1849)
Russell's snapper
size: to 40 cm
PLATE XIII, 73
Lutjanus vitta (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Brownstripe snapper
size: to 40 cm
- 64 BONY FISHES
Other species of Lutjanidae
LUTJANIDAE
PLATE XIII, 76
PLATE XIII, 74
Macolor niger (Forsskål , 1775)
Black and white snapper
Gazi-gwazi (Bal)
size: to 60 cm
Pinjalo pinjalo (Bleeker, 1850)
Pinjalo snapper
size: to 80 cm
top of head
PLATE XIII, 77
PLATE XIII, 75
Paracaesio xanthurus Bleeker, 1869
Yellowtail blue snapper
size: to 45 cm
Pristipomoides multidens (Day, 1870)
Goldband job
size: to 90 cm
PLATE XIII, 78
Pristipomoides zonatus (Valenciennes, 1830)
Oblique-banded snapper
size: to 50 cm
NEMIPTERIDAE
Loc. names : Katti (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
FAO names : En - Threadfin breams, monocle breams, dwarf monocle breams
Fr - Cohanas, mamilas
Sp - Bagas, besugatos
Size : Max.: 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls
and on line gear
Habitat and biology : Small to mediumsized fishes, mostly living in shallow coastal waters, on sandy or muddy bottoms as
well as in coral reef areas, but also in
deeper waters (to 400 m depth). They feed
chiefly on bottom-living invertebrates
Interest to fisheries : Some species, i.e., Nemipterus japonicus, form large schools and are excellent foodfishes.
In Pakistan , however, they are mainly used for fishmeal. The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (197383) reported 81 t of Nemipterus only for 1983. Nemipterus species are however an important part of the catch
of the joint venture trawl fishery
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BONY FISHES
Nemipterus bipunctatus (Ehrenberg in Cuv. & Val., 1830)
PLATE XIV, 79
NEMIPTERIDAE
Synonyms : Nemipterus bleekeri (Day, 1875)
Nemipterus delagoae Smith, 1941
Loc. names : Katti (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
FAO names : En - Delasa threadfin bream
Fr - Cohana delogoa
Sp - Baga delagoa
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls and
on line gear
Habitat and biology : Bottom-living, to 100 m depth. Very
little is known about the biology and feeding habits of this
species
Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791)*
PLATE XIV, 80
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Katti (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
Japanese threadfin bream (En)
FAO names : En - Japanese threadfin bream
Fr - Cohana japonaise
Sp - Baga japonesa
Size : Mar.: 30 cm (standard length);
25 cm
common to
Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : In coastal waters to about 60 m depth; males grow to a larger size than females. Feeds on
worms, crustaceans, mussels, cephalopods and fishes; young prefer small crustaceans
* N. japonicus is often caught in combination with an undescribed species of Nemipterus. Since these two forms
are very similar, they have, until now, always been considered as one species under the name N. japonicus.
The new species however, differs from N. japonicus in having yellow markings on the lower 3/4 of the dorsal
fin; a reddish caudal filament and a yellow band along the anal fin
Nemipterus metopias (Bleeker, 1852)
Synonyms
PLATE XIV, 81
: None
Loc. names : Katti (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
FAO names : En - Slender threadfin bream
Fr - Cohana élégante
Sp - Baga elegante
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Bottom-living, at depths of 30 to 100 m. Very little is known on the biology of this species
- 66 BONY FISHES
NEMIPTERIDAE
Nemipterus peronii (Valenciennes, 1830)
Synonyms
: Nemipterus tolu (Valenciennes, 1830)
(as used in SIS for Areas 57/71)
Loc. names : Katti (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
FAO names : En - Peron's threadfin bream
Fr - Cohana tolu
Sp - Baga tolu
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Bottom-living, usually to 60 m depth.
Feeds on bottom-living organisms
Parascolopsis aspinosa (Rao & Rao, 1981)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Katti (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
FAO names : En - Smooth dwarf monocle bream
Fr - Mamila lisse
Sp - Besugato liso
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits offshore waters, from
60 to 500 m depth, usually over soft bottoms
Other species of N e m ip t e rid a e
PLATE XIV, 82
Parascolopsis boesemani (Rao & Rao, 1981)
Redfin dwarf monocle bream
size: to 15 cm
Parascolopsis eriomma Jordan & Richardson, 1909
Rosy dwarf monocle bream
size: to 30 cm
PLATE XIV, 84
Parascolopsis townsendi Boulenger, 1901
Scaly dwarf monocle bream
size: to 20 cm
Scolopsis bimaculatus Rüppell, 1828
Thumbprint monocle bream
size: to 30 cm
- 67 BONY FISHES
Other species of Nemipteridae
NEMIPTERIDAE
PLATE XV, 85
Scolopsis ghanam (Forsskål, 1775)
Arabian monocle bream
size: to 30 cm
Scolopsis taeniatus (Cuvier, 1830)
Banded monocle bream
size: to 30 cm
PLATE XIV, 83
Scolopsis vomeri (Bloch, 1792)
Whitecheek monocle bream
size: to 25 cm
also Pandya (Sin); Shahar bano (Bal)
LOBOTIDAE
Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790)
Synonyms
PLATE XV, 86
None
Loc. names : Dai (Sin); Dai, Gazi-gwazi (Bal)
Brown triple-tail (En)
FAO names : En - Tripletail
Fr - Croupia roche
Sp - Dormilona
Size : Mar.: 100 cm; common to 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with beach seines, gillnets, traps and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : A sluggish fish, living in coastal
waters, mainly in muddy estuarine areas. The juveniles
float on their sides and look like dead mangrove leaves.
Feeds on bottom-dwelling crustaceans and on fish
Interest to fisheries : Although never found in large quanfor the quality of its flesh.
tities, it is a valuable foolish
It is marketed fresh
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- 68 -
BONY FISHES
HAEMULIDAE (= POMADASYIDAE)
Loc. names : Dother, Dhotri gisser, Jabal-moi, etc. (Sin)
Kumpo, Chippil, Soredaf, etc. (Bal)
FAO names :
En - Grunts, sweetlips, rubberlips, hotlips
Fr - Diagrammes, grondeurs, gorets
Sp - Burros, corocoros, roncos
Size : Max. : to 80 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, with
longlines, gillnets, etc.
Habitat and biology : Small to medium-sized fishes, usually
i nhabiting shallow coastal waters. They occur in coral reef
areas, as well as in muddy or weedy waters. Feed mainly on
Bottom invertebrates and fishes
Interest to fisheries : Several of the species belonging to this family are rather common in Pakistan. Their flesh
is said to be of excellent quality and keep for a fairly long time without spoiling and thus it is much esteemed as
food.
Marketed fresh, also dry-salted. The main fishing season is "Katti" (August to October), and small
quantities are also caught in "Siyaro" (November to January) and "Charo" (February to March).
The Handbook of
Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports catches of haemulids ranging from 1 334 t (1980) to 5 069 t
(1982) with an average of 3 436 t
Diaqramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792)
Synonyms
PLATE XV, 87
: Spilotichthys pictus Munro, 1955
Plectorhynchus pictus (Thunberg, 1792)
Loc. names : Jabal -moi, Dhotri-gisser (Sin); Chippil (Bal)
Painted sweetlip (En)
FAO names : En - Painted sweetlips
Fr - Diagramme voilier
Sp - Burro velero
Size : Max. : 60 cm; common to 45 cm
Fishing gear : Caught by handlines, traps, bottom longlines and trawls
Habitat and biology : Shallow coastal waters and reef
areas, to 80 m depth. Feeds on bottom invertebrates and
fishes
Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède, 1802)
Synonyms
PLATE XV, 88
: Pseudopristipoma nigra Munro, 1955
Gaterin niger (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830)
Plectorhynchus crassispina (Rüppell , 1835)
Plectorhynchus nigrus ( Cuvier, 1830)
Loc. names : Dhotri-gisser, Jabal-moi (Sin);
Lunti, Soredab, Soredaf (Bal)
Black sweetlip (En)
FAO names : En - Harry hotlips
Fr - Diagramme noire
Sp - Burro negro
Size : Max. : 70 cm
Fishing gear : Caught by handlines, spears and
gillnets
Habitat and biology : Lives in coastal waters, mainly around reefs, sandbanks and near estuaries
- 69 -
BONY FISHES
Plectorhinchus orientalis (Bloch, 1793)
Synonyms :
HAEMULIDAE (= POMADASYIDAE)
PLATE XV, 89
Gaterin orientalis (Bloch, 1793)
Loc. names : Jabal-moi, Dhotri-gisser (Sin);
Chippil, Soredaf (Bal)
Oriental sweetlip (En)
FAO names : En - Oriental sweetlips
Fr - Diagramme oriental
Sp - Burro oriental
Size : Max. : 60 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly by handlines and
spears
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coral reef areas
and inshore rocky bottoms
juvenile
Plectorhinchus
Synonyms
pictus (Tortonese, 1935)
Plectorhynchus fangi Whitley, 1951
Gaterin cinctus Munro, 1955
Loc. names : Dhotri-gisser, Jabal -moi (Sin);
Chippil, Soredaf (Bal)
Three-banded sweetlip (En)
FAO names : En - Trout sweetlips
Fr - Diagramme truité
Sp - Burro trucha
Size : Max. : 60 cm
Fishing gear : Caught by handlines and in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters
Plectorhinchus schotaf (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms :
Gaterin schotaf (Forsskål, 1775)
Loc. names : Jabal-moi, Dhotri-gisser (Sin); Soredaf (Bal)
Grey sweetlip (En)
FAO names : En - Minstrel sweetlip
Fr - Diagramme ménestrel
Sp - Burro trovador
Size : Max. : 80 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught by handlines and spears,
occasionally in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters, near reefs
- 70 BONY FISHES
HAEMULIDAE (= POMADASYIDAE)
Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
: Pomadasys hasta (Bloch, 1790)
Loc. names : Dhother (Sin); Kimpo (Bal)
Lined silver grunter (En)
FAO names : En - Silver grunt
Fr - Grondeur argenté
Sp - Corocoro plateado
Size : Max. : to 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, bottom longlines, handlines, gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters. Feeds on crustaceans and small fishes. Sexually
ripe specimens found in March and May on the Baluchistan
coast
juvenile
Pomadasys argyreus (Valenciennes, 1833)
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Dhother (Sin); Kumpo (Bal)
Silver grunter (En)
FAO names
En - Bluecheek silver grunt
Fr - Grondeur à joues bleues
Sp - Corocoro mejilla azul
Size : Max. : 40 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, bottom longlines, handlines, gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters
Pomadasys commersonni (Lacepède, 1802)
Synonyms
Pristipoma operculare Day, 1878
Pomadasys operculare Smith, 1949
Loc. names : Dhother, Holoola (Sin); Aloola (Bal)
Blotched grunter (En)
FAO names : En - Smallspotted grunter
Fr - Grondeur moucheté
Sp - Corocoro arvejado
Size : Max.: 50 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, bottom longlines, gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters, sheltered
estuaries and tidal creeks.
Feeds on crustaceans and
fishes
- 71 BONY FISHES
Pomadasys furcatus (Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
HAEMULIDAE (= POMADASYIDAE)
PLATE XV, 90
: Rhonciscus furcatus (Schneider, 1801)
Rhonciscus anas (Valenciennes, 1862)
Loc. names : Dhother (Sin); Paarlari (Bal)
Banded grunter (En)
FAO names : En Banded grunt
Fr - Goret à six bandes
Sp - Ronco de seis bandas
Size : Max.: 38 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters, near reefs
PLATE XVI, 92
Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier, 1830)
Synonyms
: Pristipoma hasta (non-Bloch, 1797)
Pomadasys nageb (Rüppell, 1835)
Loc. names : Dhother (Sin); Kumpo (Bal)
FAO names : En -Javelin grunter
Fr - Grandeur javelot
Sp - Corocoro jabalina
Size : Max. : 80 cm; common to 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, bottom longlines, gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology :Inhabits coastal waters to
depth. Feeds on crustaceans and fishes
Pomadasys maculatum (Bloch, 1797)
Synonyms
60 m
PLATE XVI, 91
: None
Loc. names : Dhother (Sin); Tantar (Bal)
Spotted grunter (En)
FAO names : En - Saddle grunt
Fr - Grandeur selle
Sp - Corocoro montura
Size : Max. : 50 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, handlines and traps
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters to 40 m depth.
Feeds on crustaceans and fishes
- 72 BONY FISHES
HAEMULIDAE (= POMADASYIDAE)
Pomadasys multimaculatum (Playfair, 1866)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Dhother (Sin); Kumpo (Bal)
FAO names : En - Cock grunter
Fr - Grandeur coq
Sp - Corocoro gallito
Size : Max. : about 80 cm; common ng 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters
Pomadasys olivaceum ( Day, 1875)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Dhother (Sin); Kumpo (Bal)
Olive grunter (En)
FAO names : En - Olive grunt
Fr - Goret olive
Sp - Corocoro aceituna
Size : Max. : 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, bottom longlines, gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters
Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms : Rhonciscus stridens Forsskål, 1775
Loc. names : Bukra (Sin); Kumpo (Bal)
Stripped grunter (En)
FAO names : En - Striped piggy
Fr - Goret à trois bandes
Sp - Ronco de tres bandas
Size : Max. : 16 cm
Fishing gear : Caught by hook and line and in
bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters.
Feeds on crustaceans and fishes
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BONY FISHES
LETHRINIDAE
Loc. names : Mulla (Sin), Gadeer (Bal)
FAO names : En - Emperors, pigface breams, large-eye breams
Fr - Empereurs
Sp - Emperadores
Size : Max. : to 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line, gillnets, traps, spears and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Moderate to large-size
fishes, inhabiting coastal waters, especially
coral reefs and rocky areas. Most species have
molariform teeth, with which they crush moll uscs, sea urchins and other hard shelled invertebrates. They are slow swimmers, close to
the bottom, and form small schools. Some
species are capable of rapidly adopting a dark
mottled or reticular colour pattern and just as
rapidly turning it off
Interest to fisheries : Although most species belonging to this family are excellent as foodfishes , they are not of
great commercial importance in Pakistan because they are not very often caught. Usually marketed fresh or dry
salted for export to Sri Lanka
Lethrinus elongatus Valenciennes, 1830
Synonyms
PLATE XVI, 93
Lethrinus miniata (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Lethrinus rostratus
Valenciennes, 1830
Lethrinus waigiensis Valenciennes, 1830
Loc. names : Mulla (Sin); Gadeer (Bal)
Longnose pigface bream (En)
FAO names : En - Longface emperor
Fr - Empereur gueule longue
Sp - Emperador trompudo
Size : Max. : 100 cm; common to 60 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, gillnets, longlines and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits bottoms of the continental shelf down to 190 m depth, but it is most abundant in
coral reef areas. Feeds on crustaceans and small fishes
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
Lethrinus
Lethrinus
Lethrinus
Lethrinus
PLATE XVI, 96
choerorynchus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
fraenatus Valenciennes, 1830
fletus Whitley, 1943
opercularis Valenciennes, 1830
Loc. names : Mulla (Sin); Gadeer (Bal)
Starry pigface bream (En)
FAO names : En - Spangled emperor
Fr - Empereur moris
Sp - Emperador relámpago
Size : Max. : about 90 cm; common to 60 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, seine nets,
traps, gillnets and handlines (shrimp used as bait). Main
fishing season from July to October on the Baluchistan
coast.
Habitat and biology : Inhabits shallow coastal waters, to about 50 m depth, mainly in reef areas but also in
mangrove creeks and around jetties. The juveniles live in shallower waters than the adults.
Feeds on molluscs,
Sexually ripe specimens found in July and August along the
crustaceans, echinoderms and small fishes.
Baluchistan coast
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BONY FISHES
LETHRINIDAE
Other species of Lethrinidae
PLATE XVI, 95
Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes, 1830
Smaltooth emperor
size: to 60 cm
PLATE XVI, 94
Lethrinus harak (Forsskål, 1775)
Thumbprint emperor
size: to 60 cm
PLATE XVII, 97
PLATE XVII, 98
Lethrinus ramak (Forsskål , 1775)
Yellow banded emperor
size: to 50 cm
la t e ra l v ie w o f m o u t h
Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål, 1775)
Humpnose big-eye bream
Tails (Bal)
size: to 60 cm
SPARIDAE
Loc. names : Dandya, Dateri, Kissi, etc. (Sin)
Tintle, Shumala, Nawar , etc. (Bal)
FAO names : En - Seabreams, soldierbreams
Fr - Pagres, sargues, spares
Sp - Argos , salemas
Size : Max.: 75 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, gillnets, longlines , traps, etc.
Habitat and biology : Seabreams are demersal
fishes inhabiting sandy, muddy or rough bottoms of the continental
shelf; occasionally
also found in estuaries, used as nurseries. Most
are carnivorous, feeding on crustaceans, moll uscs and small fish, but some species feed
also on algae and seagrass. Hermaphroditism
is widespread in this family
Interest to fisheries : Some species (i.e., Argyrops spinifer , Crenidens crenidens , Acanthopaqrus beta ) are very
common. The flesh is excellent and highly esteemed. The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83)
reports catches of Acanthopagrus berda as ranging from 293 t (1983) to 5 091 t (1982) with an average of 2 519 t.
However, these figures probably also include other species of seabreams
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BONY FISHES
PLATE XVII, 99
SPARIDAE
Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
: Mylio berda (Forsskål, 1775)
Loc. names : Dandya, Daleri (Sin); Tintle (Bal)
Black bream (En)
FAO names : En - Picnic seabream
Fr - Pagre picnic
Sp - Sargo picnic
Size : Max. : 75 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls,
handlines and gillnets. Main fishing seasons along the Baluchistan coast are April,
May and November-February
Habitat and biology : Inhabits sandy and muddy grounds, particularly in estuaries, to about 50 m depth. Feeds on
worms, echinoderms, crustaceans, molluscs and other invertebrates. Sexually ripe specimens are found in March
and April along the Baluchistan coast
Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Forsskål ,1775)
PLATE XVII, 100
Synonyms : Sparus bifasciatus Forsskål, 1775
Mylio bifasciatus (Forsskål, 1775)
Loc. names : Dandya, Daleri, Daro-dandya (Sin);
Shumala (Bal)
FAO names : En - Twobar seabream
Fr - Pagre double bande
Sp - Sargo de dos bandas
Size : Max. : 50 cm; common to 35 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, longlines, stakenets and traps
Habitat and biology : In shallow coastal
waters, mainly in estuaries and around
reefs
Acanthopagrus latus ( Houttuyn, 1782)
Synonyms
Sparus latus Houttuyn, 1782
Mylio latus (Houttuyn, 1782)
Loc. names : Dandya, Daleri (Sin); Tintle (Bal)
Japanese silver bream (En)
FAO names : En - Yellowfin seabream
Fr - Pagre à nageoires jaunes
Sp - Sargo aleta amarilla
Size : Max. : 45 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls and lines
Habitat and biology : Inhabits shallow coastal waters
to 50 m depth, enters estuaries. Carnivorous, feeds
on invertebrates (echinoderms, worms, crustaceans
and molluscs)
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BONY FISHES
SPARIDAE
Argyrops spinifer (Forsskål 1775)
Synonyms
PLATE
ål,
XVII, 101
Sparus spinifer Forsskål, 1775
Loc. names : Dhand (Sin); Sorro, Malelak (Bal)
Long-spined red bream (En)
FAO names : En - King soldierbream
Fr - Spare royal
Sp - Sargo real
Size : Max. : 65 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, gillnets,
longlines and handlines. Shrimp used as bait
Habitat and biology : Inhabits various types of bottoms, from 5 to 100 m depth. Juveniles occur in
shallow waters, including estuaries, adults in deeper
waters.
Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates,
mainly on molluscs and shrimps. Sexually ripe speci
mens common in december and April. Juvenies up
to 3 cm common in July along the Baluchistan coast
Interest to fisheries : The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports an annual catch of
1959 t for this species in 1983.
Fished throughout the year but largest catches in October on the Baluchistan
coast
Cheimerius nufar (Valenciennes, 1830)
Synonyms : Dentex nufar Valenciennes, 1830
Loc. names : Dandya (Sin); Shumala, Tinles (Bal)
FAO names : En - Anter seabream
Fr - Denté nufar
Sp - Dentón nufar
Size : Max. : 60 cm; common to 35 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, longlines and
bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Found in coastal waters, young seek shelter
in estuaries when stormy weather approaches
Crenidens crenidens (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
PLATE XVII, 102
None
Loc. names : Kissi, Karo-dandia (Sin);
Nawar (Bal)
FAO names : En - Karanteen seabream
Fr - Saupe de Mer Rouge
Sp - Salema del Mar Rojo
Size : Max. : 30 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with trammel nets and beach seines
Habitat and biology : In shallow coastal waters, often in estuaries.
Feeds mainly on algae but also on invertebrates (crustaceans, worms,
etc.)
upper and lower tooth
- 77 BONY FISHES
Diplodus sargus kotschyi (Steindachner, 1876)
Synonyms
SPARIDAE
: Diplodus noct Valenciennes, 1830 pro parte
Loc. names : Kissi, Kukkidia (Sin); Tippuch (Bal)
FAO names : En - One spot seabream
Fr - Sar lune
Sp - Sargo luna llena
Size : Max. : 30 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines and bottom
trawls
Habitat and biology : A common species, especially
in rocky shallow coastal waters. Feeds on algae and
small invertebrates
Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål 1775)
Synonyms
: Sparus sarba Forsskål, 1775
Loc. names : Dandya, Kissi (Sin); Chah (Bal)
Tarwhine silverbream, Guilt bream (En)
FAO names : En - Goldlined seabream
Fr - Sargue doré
Sp - Sargo dorado
Size : Max. : 60 cm; common to 40 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, gillnets, longlines, handlines and stake traps
Habitat and biology : A shallow water species, occurring
in waters never deeper than 60 m. Juveniles are found in
estuaries and move to deeper waters with growth. Feeds
on bottom invertebrates, particularly molluscs
rig h t h a lf o f
u p p e r ja w
Sparidentex hasta (Valenciennes, 1830)
Synonyms
Chrysophrys cuvieri Day, 1875
Acanthopagrus cuvieri (Day, 1875)
Loc. names : Dandya (Sin); Nawar (Bao)
FAO names : En - Sobaity seabream
Fr - Spare sobaity
Sp - Sargo sobaity
Size : Max. : 35 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls and on line gear
Habitat and biology : From shallow coastal waters to
moderate depths. Carnivorous
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- 78 BONY FISHES
SCIAENIDAE
Loc. names : Mushka, Chan, Boro, etc. (Sin);
Tont, Mushka, etc. (Bal)
FAO names : En - Croakers, drums, meagres, weakfishes
Fr - Courbines, maigres, verrues
Sp - Corvinas, bombaches
Size : Max.: to 160 cm, but most species to 30 cm
Fishing gear : The smaller sciaenids are taken in
bottom trawls while the larger ones are caught with
trawls, gillnets or with encircling nets
Habitat and biology : Coastal waters, mainly over
muddy bottoms, and in estuaries.
Most feed on
small crustaceans, fishes and benthic organisms
Interest to fisheries : The croaker fishery is very important in Pakistan. During the periods February to April
and September to November , large schools of Protonibea diacanthus and other species move toward the east of
the Arabian Sea. When forming a school they swim close to the surface. Swimbladders of the larger species are
dried and exported to India and Far East countries for manufacturing isinglass used in the wine industry as
clarifying agent.
The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports combined catches of
sciaenids ranging from 8,000 t (1977) to 18,658 t (1980), with an average of 12 477 t
Argyrosomus amoyensis (Bleeker, 1863)
Synonyms
Pseudosciaena amoyensis Bleeker, 1863
Sciaena bleekeri Day, 1876
Argyrosomus bleekeri: Talwar & Joglekar, 1972
Nibea milchthyoides Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963
Pseudosciaena indica Tang, 1937
Loc. names : Mushka (Sin); Bhola (Bal)
FAO names : En - Amoy croaker
Fr - Maigre d'Amoy
Sp - Corvina de Amoy
Size : Max.: 38 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, gillnets and handlines
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters over muddy bottoms, to about 60 m depth; forms small schools
Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacepède, 1802)
Synonyms
Sciaena antarctica Castelnau, 1872
Sciaena margaritifera Haly, 1875
Sciaena neglecta Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886
Loc. names : Mushka (Sin); Sooli (Bal)
FAO names : En - Southern meagre
Fr - Maigre africain
Sp - Corvina africana
Size : Max.: 150 cm; common to 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, gillnets and handlines
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters
- 79 BONY FISHES
Dendrophysa russelli ( Cuvier, 1830)
Synonyms
SCIAENIDAE
PLATE XVIII, 103
: Umbrina russelli Cuvier, 1830
Sciaena russelli : Bleeker, 1874; Weber & de Beaufort, 1936;
Lin, 1938; Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963
Umbrina kuhlii Cuvier, 1830
Loc. names : Mushka, Chan (Sin); Tont (Bal)
Russell's jewfish (En)
FAO names : En - Goatee croaker
Fr - Bourrugue chèvre
Sp - Lambe chivato
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, gillnets
and traps
Habitat and biology : Found in coastal waters to
50 m depth. Feeds on small fishes and invertebrates
Johnieops aneus (Bloch, 1793)
Synonyms : Sciaena osseus Day, 1876
Johnius osseus : Munro, 1955; Misra, 1962
Wak osseus : Talwar, 1971; Khalaf, 1961
Johnieops osseus : Mohan, 1972
Johnius (Johnieops) aneus : Trewavas, 1977
Loc. names : Mushka, Chan (Sin); Mundsar-tont (Bal)
Grey-fin jewfish (En)
FAO names : En - Greyfin croaker
Fr - Courbine grise
Sp - Covina plomiza
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, boat
and shore seines
Habitat and biology : Inhabits inshore waters
to 30 m depth. Feeds on small crustaceans,
benthic worms and small fishes
sagitta (inner surface)
- 80 BONY FISHES
SCIAENIDAE
Johnieops sina (Cuvier, 1830)
Synonyms
: Corvina sina Cuvier, 1830
Sciaena parva Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908
Wak sina : Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963
Wak menoni Talwar & Joglekar, 1970
Johnius (Johnieops ) sina : Trewavas, 1977
Loc. names : Sua (Sin); Tont (Bal)
Small salmon, Drab jewfish (En)
teeth in Johnieops sp.
sagitta (inner surface)
FAO names : En - Sin croaker
Fr - Courbime chinoise
Sp - Corvina china
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 13 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls,
bottom gillnets, etc.
Habitat and biology : Found
in
inshore
waters to 40 m depth.
Feeds on small
crustaceans
Johnius belangerii ( Cuvier, 1830)
Synonyms
: Sciaena belengeri Day, 1876
Corvina lobata Cuvier, 1830
Corvina carouna Cuvier, 1830
Sciaena (Corvina) nasus Steindachner, 1866
Corvina australis Günther , 1880
Corvina comes de Vis, 1884
sagitta (inner surface)
Pseudomycterus maccullochi Ogilby, 1908
Johnius fasciatus Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963
Loc. names : Mushka, Chan (Sin); Bholari-tont (Bal)
Jewfish (En)
FAO names : En - Belanger's croaker
Fr - Courbine de Belanger
Sp - Corvina de Belanger
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught
with
trawls and boat seines
bottom
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal
waters to 40 m depth. Feeds on invertebrates, particularly benthic worms
swimbladder
- 81 BONY FISHES
SCIAENIDAE
Johnius carutta Bloch, 1793
sagitta (inner surface)
Synonyms : Sciaena carutta : Day, 1876
Loc. names : Mushka, Chan (Sin); Tont (Bal)
Purple jewfish (En)
FAO names : En - Karut croaker
Fr - Combine carutte
Sp - Corvina carota
first gill arch
swlmbladder
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, seines
and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters to
40 cm depth. Feeds on small fishes and invertebrates
Johnius dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1833)
Synonyms
Umbrina dussumieri Valenciennes, 1833
Sciaena dussumieri Bleeker, 1872; Fowler, 1933;
Weber & de Beaufort, 1936; Len, 1938
Dendrophysa dussumieri : Trewavas, 1964
Umbrena amblycephala Bleeder , 1855
Johnius amblycephalus: Cuu, Lo & Wu, 1963;
Trewavas, 1977
sagitta (inner surface)
Umbrina fuscolineata von Bonde, 1923
Blythsciaena dussumleri : Talwar, 1971
Loc. names : Musuka, Chan (Sin); Tont (Bal)
Dussumier's croaker, Silver jewfesu (En)
swimbladder
FAO names : En - Bearded croaker
Fr - Combine barbecue
Sp - Corvina de barba
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls and
boat seines
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters
to 40 m depth. Feeds on small fishes and
invertebrates
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BONY FISHES
SCIAENIDAE
Johnius glaucus (Day, 1876)
Synonyms
sagitta (inner surface)
: Sciaena dussumieri (non Cuvier & Valenciennes): Day, 1865
Sciaena glaucus : Day, 1878
Loc. names : Mushka, Boro (Sin); Tont (Bal)
FAO names : En -Pale spotfin croaker
Fr - Courbine alle tachetée
Sp - Corvina glauca
swimbladder
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls and boat
seines
Habitat and biology : Coastal waters over muddy
bottoms to 30 m depth
Kathala axillaris (Cuvier, 1830)
Synonyms
: Corvina axillaris Cuvier, 1830
Sciaena axillaris : Day, 1876
Pseudosciaena axillaris : Weber & deBeaufort, 1936
Wak azillaris : Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963
Dhoma axillaris : Talwar & Joglekar, 1970
Loc. names : Mushka, Boro (Sin); Mundsar bholari (Bal)
Black-spot jewfish (En)
swimbladder
FAO names : En - Kathala croaker
Fr - Courbine kathala
Sp - Corvina catala
Size : Max.: 27 cm; common to 18 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls,
gillnets and handlines
Habitat and biology :Inhabits shallow coastal
waters
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BONY FISHES
SCIAENIDAE
Nibea maculata (Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
Johnius maculatus : Fowler, 1933; Weber & de Beaufort, 1936
Sciaena maculata : Day, 1876
Loc. names : Mushka, Chan (Sin); Tont, Riami tont (Bal)
Black-banded jewfish (En)
FAO names : En - Blotched croaker
Fr - Courbine tachetée
Sp - Corvina manchada
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 22 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, gillnets and boat seines
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters
Nibea soldado (Lacepède, 1802)
Synonyms
Johnius soldado : Fowler, 1933
Pseudosciaena soldado : Weber & de Beaufort, 1936
Wak soldado : Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963
Corvina miles Cuvier, 1829
in n e r s u rfa c e
o u t e r s u rfa c e
Sciaena miles : Day, 1876
s a g it t a
Loc. names : Mushka, Boro (Sin); Soli chuk, Karra (Bal)
Greenback jewfish (En)
FAO names : En - Soldier croaker
Fr - Courbine soldat
Sp - Corvina soldato
Size : Max.: 60 cm; common to 40 cm
Fis h in g g e a r : Caught with bottom trawls,
gillnets and handlines
Habitat and biology : Found in coastal waters,
to 40 m depth. Feeds on small fishes and
i nvertebrates
Otolithes cuvieri Trewavas, 1974
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Mushka (Sin); Baddi, Mushka, Mushko,
Pandasi, Warna musko (Bal)
FAO names : En - Lesser tigertooth croaker
Fr - Verrue tigre
Sp - Bombache tigre
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, gillnets and handlines
Habitat and biology : Inhabits inshore and coastal waters
s w im b la d d e r
- 84 -
BONY FISHES
SCIAENIDAE
Otolithes ruber (Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
PLATE XVIII, 104
Otolithus argenteus Cuvier, 1830 (quoted in Day, 1876)
Otolithes argenteus : Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963
Loc. names : Mushka (Sin); Baddi, Mushka,
Mushko, Pandasi, Warna musko (Bal)
Longtoothed salmon; Rosy jewfish (En)
FAO names : En - Tigertooth croaker
Fr - Grande verrue tigre
Sp - Bombache tigre mayor
Size : Max.: 70 cm; common to 40 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, gillnets and handlines (sardinella and anchovies
used as bait).
Along the Baluchistan coast
caught mainly with gillnets from November to
April, and by handlines from July to September
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters to 40 m depth. Feeds on
fishes and invertebrates. Sexually ripe specimens abundant in December
and March and in lesser numbers throghout the year along the Baluchistan
coast. Juveniles up to 10 cm caught in abundance along the Baluchistan
coast in July and August
first gill arch
Otolithoides biauritus (Cantor, 1850)
Synonyms
Otolithus brunneus Day, 1873
Sciaenoides brunneus : Day, 1876
Otolithoides brunneus : Fowler, 1933; Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963
Loc. names : Rangan (Sin); Bhola, Mushka (Bal)
Jew fish (En)
s a g it t a ( in n e r s u rfa c e )
FAO names : En - Bronze croaker
Fr - Verrue bronzée
Sp - Bombache bronzeado
Size : Max.: 160 cm; common to 90 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal and inshore
waters. Feeds on small fishes and invertebrates
Paranibea semiluctuosa ( Cuvier, 1830)
Synonyms
Nibea luctuosa (Cuvier, 1830), in FAO Species Identification Sheets Areas 57/71
Corvina semiluctuosa Cuvier, 1830
Johnius semiluctuosus : Weber & deBeaufort, 1936;
Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963
Sciaena semiluctuosa : Day, 1876
Loc. names : Mushka (Sin); Mushka (Bal)
Jew fish (En)
FAO names : En - Half-mourning coraker
Fr - Combine lugubre
Sp - Corvina lugubre
Size : Max.: 40 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, gillnets and handlines
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters
- 85 BONY FISHES
SCIAENIDAE
Pennahia macrophthalmus (Bleeker, 1850)
Synonyms : Sciaena aeneus (non Bloch): Day, 1876
Loc. names : Mushka (Sin); Mushka (Bal)
FAO names : En - Bigeye croaker
Fr - Courbine gros yeux
Sp - Corvina ojona
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls and seine nets
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters to 60 m depth. Feeds on small shrimps and fishes
Protonibea diacanthus (Lacepède, 1802)
Synonyms
Corvina maculata (part, nec Schneider), 1830
Corvina catalea Valenciennes, 1834
Johnius valenciennii Eydoux & Souleyet, post-1848
Sciaena diacanthus : Day, 1865
Corvina nigromaculata Borodin, 1930
Pseudosciaena diacanthus : Weber & de Beaufort, 1936
Sciaena antarctica rex Whitley, 1945
Nibea diacanthus: Lin, 1938; Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963
Sciaena Boma Tanaka, 1915, quoted in Matsubara, 1937
(inner surface)
sagitta
Loc. names : Ghol, Sua (Sin); Kir (Bal)
Two-spined jewfish (En)
FAO names : En - Spotted croaker
Fr - Courbine pintade
Sp - Corvina pintada
Size : Max.: 120 cm; common to 70 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with longlines, handlines, bottom-set and drift gillnets, encircling nets and bottom trawls. Main fishing
seasons are from March to May and October to November. Very large catches of
schooling fish occur along the Baluchistan
coast in March and April
Habitat and biology : Found in coastal waters to 60 m depth; mainly over muddy bottoms. Feeds on crustaceans
and small fishes. Sexually ripe specimens found in March and April and July and August along the Baluchistan
coast
Umbrina canariensis Valenciennes, 1843
Synonyms
Umbrina sinuata Day, 1876
Sciaena sinuata : J.L.B. Smith, 1949
Umbrina striata Boulenger, 1888
Loc. names : Mushka, Boro (Sin); Tont (Bal)
Tasselfish (En)
FAO names : En - Canary drum
Fr - Ombrine bronze
Sp - Verrugato de Canarias
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits shallow coastal waters
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- 86 BONY FISHES
MULLIDAE
Loc. names : Manori (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
FAO names : En - Goatfishes
Fr - Rougets-barbets
Sp - Salmonetes
Size : Some species may reach 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bottom trawls, shore
seines, traps, gillnets and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : Goatfishes live mostly in shallow waters, on sandy or muddy bottoms or in coral reef areas.
Their barbels are used to locate food organisms in the sediment, particularly crustaceans and worms
Interest to fisheries : The flesh of goatfishes is of good quality and highly esteemed in certain areas. These fishes
are common but not particularly abundant in Pakistani waters
Mulloides vanicolensis (Valenciennes, 1831)
Synonyms
PLATE XVIII, 106
: Mulloides auriflamma
Mulloides erythrinus Klunzinger, 1884
Loc. names : Manori (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
Golden banded goatfish (En)
FAO names : En - Yellowfin goatfish
Fr - Capucin de Vanicolo
Sp - Salmonte vanicolense
Size : Max.: 38 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught by traps, gillnets and on
hook and line
Habitat and biology : Found in shallow coastal
waters, forming aggregations on coral reefs
during the day and feeding individually at
night; also in coral reef areas
Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855)
Synonyms
PLATE XIX, 114
: None
Loc. names : Manori (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
FAO names : En - Goldband goatfish
Fr - Rouget-souris bande or
Sp - Salmonete de banda dorada
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with shore seines and
bottom trawls, sometimes with traps
Habitat and biology : Lives in shallow coastal
waters, from 10 to 40 m depth
- 87 BONY FISHES
MULLIDAE
Upeneus sulphureus Cuvier, 1829
Synonyms
PLATE XX, 115
: None
Loc. names : Manori (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
FAO names : En - Sulphur goatfish
Fr - Rouget-souris aurore
Sp - Salmonete aurora
Size : Max.: 23 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught
bottom trawls
with shore seines and
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters,
sometimes entering estuaries, between 20 and
60 m depth; usually in schools
Upeneus taeniopterus Cuvier, 1829
Synonyms
PLATE XX, 116
: Upeneus arge Jordan & Evermann, 1902
Loc. names : Manori (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
FAO names : En - Fin-stripe goatfish
Fr - Rouget-souris rayé
Sp - Salmonete estriado
Size : Max.: 33 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, traps and
also in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : A shallow water species,
usually on sandy bottoms and coral reef areas
Upeneus vittatus (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
PLATE XX, 118
: None
Loc. names : Manori (Sin); Kolonto (Bal)
Yellow-striped goatfish (En)
FAO names : En - Striped goatfish
Fr - Rouget-souris orangé
Sp - Salmonete naranjero
Size : Max.: 28 cm; common to 18 cm
mainly
Fishing gear : Caught
trawls and shore seines
with
bottom
Habitat and biology : Usually in turbid waters,
from a few to 100 m depth; occurs in schools
- 88 BONY FISHES
Other species of Mu llid a e
MULLIDAE
P LATE XVI I I , 1 0 5
Mulloides flavolineatus (Lacepède, 1802)
Yellowstripe goatfish
size: to 40 cm
P LATE XVI I I , 1 0 7
Parupeneus barberinus (Lacepède, 1801)
Dash-and-dot goatfish
size: to 50 cm
P LATE XVI I I , 1 0 8
Parupeneus bifasciatus (Lacepède, 1801)
Doublebar goatfish
size: to 35 cm
P LATE XI X, 1 0 9
Parupeneus cinnabarinus (Cuvier, 1829)
Cinnabar goatfish
size: to 30 cm
P LATE XI X, 1 1 0
Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède, 1801)
Goldsaddle goatfish
size: to 50 cm
P LATE XI X, 1 1 2
Parupeneus indicus (Shaw, 1803)
Indian goatfish
size: to 40 cm
P LATE XI X, 1 1 3
Parupeneus macronema (Lacepède, 1801)
Longbarbel goatfish
size: to 32 cm
P LATE XX, 1 1 7
,
Upeneus tragula Richardson, 1845
Freckled goatfish
Upeneus sundaicus (Bleeker, 1855)
Ochreband goatfish
size: to 20 cm
- 89 BONY FISHES
EPHIPPIDAE
Ephippus orbis (Bloch, 1787)
Synonyms :
Chaetodon orbis Bloch, 1787
Loc. names : Phanna (Sin); Riami sarando (Bal)
Spadefish (En)
FAO names : En - Spadefish
Fr - Disque
Sp - Paguala
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with handlines and traps
Habitat and biology : Found in shallow water from 10 to
30 m. Feeds on bottom living invertebrates and fishes
Interest to fisheries : Common in creeks. Separate statistics
are not reported for this species
Drepane punctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
PLATE XX, 119
DREPANIDAE
Chaetondon punctata Linnaeus, 1758
Loc. names : Rupichand (Sin); Sarando (Bal)
Spotted batfish (En)
FAO names : En - Spotted sicklefish
Fr - Forgeron tacheté
Sp - Catemo manchado
Size : Max.: 40 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with handlines, traps and
bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : A coastal species, often entering estuaries. Probably migrating to deeper waters
during the winter season. Feeds on bottom-living
invertebrates and fishes
Interest to fisheries : A rather common species, its flesh is said
to be of excellent quality. Separate statistics are not reported
for this species
Platax orbicularis (Forsskål, 1775)
PLATACIDAE
PLATE XX, 120
Synonyms : Platax vespertilio (Bloch, 1802)
Loc. names : Tanak-chand (Sin); Riami sarando (Bal)
FAO names : En - Batfish
Fr - Poule d'eau
Sp - Dalapugan
Size : Max.: 50 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with handlines and nets
Habitat and biology : Inhabits creeks,
shores, juveniles in brackish water
bays
and rocky
Interest to fisheries : Common but not particularly abundant. Appreciated as aquarium fish
- 90 BONY FISHES
SCATOPHAGIDAE
Scatophagus argus (Bloch, 1788)
PLATE XXI, 121
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Korgi (Sin); Dateera (Bal)
Spotted butterfish (En)
FAO names : En - Spotted scat
Fr - Pavillon tacheté
Sp - Pingo manchado
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with traps and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Inhabits brackish estuaries, mangroves, harbours, etc., usually occurring in schools. Feeds
on bottom detritus and small benthic invertebrates
Interest to fisheries : A quite common species, especially
i n creeks
POMACANTHIDAE
Loc. names : Jabal koi (Sin); Datero (Bal)
FAO names : En - Angelfishes
Fr - Demoiselles
Sp - Isabelitas
Size : Max.: to 60 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with traps and
gillnets. Taken accidentally in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Usually inhabit shallow coral reef
areas but a few species range to depths of 80m or more.
Adults are omnivorous, juveniles are mainly herbivorous
Interest to fisheries : Not important as foodfish, but juveniles of some species are popular aquarium fishes
POMACENTRIDAE
Loc. names : Kohmai (Bal)
FAO names : En - Damselfishes
Fr - Chauffets
Sp - Petacas
Size : Most species less than 15 cm
Fishing gear : Accidentally caught in trawls
Habitat and biology : Found mainly in shallow rocky areas
and coral reefs, but some species occur in deeper offshore
waters. Plankton feeder, or omnivorous
Interest to fisheries : Not important as foodfish, but some
species are popular aquarium fish
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- 91 BONY FISHES
MUGILIDAE
Loc. names : Boi, Mori, Chhodi, Pharra, etc. (Sin);
Murbo, Mundi, etc. (Bal)
FAO names : En - Mullets
Fr - Mulets
Sp - Lisas, pardetes
Size : Max.: to 90 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with castnets, setnets,
liftnets and beach seines
Habitat and biology :Inhabit coastal marine waters, estuaries and fresh water.
great changes in salinity, from almost fresh water to salinities of 75 °/°°.
Most species are adaptable to
Most species spawn at sea and feed on
bottom detritus by taking in sand and mud and rejecting the most indigestible parts. Due to their rapid growth
and hardiness, they are often used in fish pond culture
Interest to fisheries : These have been important foodfishes since ancient times.
They are appreciated as food
and usually marketed fresh or dry-salted. Some species also used for bait for handline and longline. The Handbook
of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports catches of mullets ranging from 1 018 t (1981) to 8 768 t (1978),
with an average of 4 575 t
Liza abu ( Heckel, 1846)
Synonyms
Mugil (Liza) abu zarondnyi Berg, 1949
Mugil hashni Misra, 1943
Loc. names : Boi, Mori (Sin); Anjara (Bal)
FAO names : En - Abu mullet
Fr - Mulet abu
Sp - Lisa abu
Size : Max. : 20 cm; common to 17 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with artisanal gear
Habitat and biology : Occurs in small schools,
mainly in freshwater, sometimes in estuaries
Liza carinata (Valenciennes, 1836)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Boi, Mori (Sin); Murbo (Bal)
FAO names : En - Keeled mullet
Fr - Mulet caréné
Sp - Lisa de carena
Size : Max.:
Fishing gear : Caught with castnets, setnets,
liftnets and beach seines
Habitat and biology : Lives
coastal waters
mainly in marine
- 92 BONY FISHES
MUGILIDAE
Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1849)
Synonyms
: Mugil borneensis Bleeker, 1851
Mugil troschelii Bleeker, 1858
Liza akame Tanaka , 1916
Loc. names : Boi, Chhodi (Sin);
Mundi, Murbo (Bal)
FAO names : En - Largescale mullet
Fr - Mulet à grandes écailles
Sp - Lisa godeya
Size : Max.: 60 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, castnets, stakenets, barrier nets, liftnets and beach seines
Habitat and biology :Inhabits shallow coastal, waters estuaries and backwaters, forming large schools during the
spawning season.
Able to survive 87 °/oo salinity. Feeds on detritus small algae, diatoms, etc. taken in with
sand or mud. This is one of the most common species of mullet in the Indian Ocean
Liza melinoptera (Valenciennes, 1836)
Synonyms
Mugil ceramensis Bleeker, 1852
Mugil oligolepis Day, 1876; Smith, 1935, 1948, 1949,
non-Bleeker, 1859
Mugil anpinensis Oshima, 1922
Loc. names : Boi, Mori (Sin); Murbo (Bal)
Large-scale grey mullet (En)
FAO names : En - Otomebora mullet
Fr - Mulet otomebora
Sp - Lisa otomebora
Size : Max.: 22 cm; common to 18 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, castnets,
stakenets and beach seines
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters and estuaries.
Spawning takes place at sea. Feeds on algae,
diatoms, minute bottom-living organisms and organic material found in mud or sand
Liza parsia (Hamilton & Buchanan, 1822)
PLATE XXI, 122
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Boi, Parse (Sin); Polat, Murba (Bal)
FAO names : En - Gold-spot mullet
Fr Mulet joue d'or
Sp - Lisa mejilla dorada
Size : Max.: 16 cm; common to 15 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, castnets,
stakenets, liftnets and beach seines
Habitat and biology : A schooling species, found in shallow coastal waters including brackish waters. Capable to
survive in waters with salinity up to 87 °/°°. Spawning takes place at sea. Feeds on small bottom invertebrates
and detritus found in sand or mud
- 93 -
BONY FISHES
MUGILIDAE
Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836)
Synonyms
: Mugil dussumieri Valenciennes, 1836
Mugil jerdoni Day, 1876
Loc. names : Boi, Chhodi (Sin);
Maing, Murbo (BAL)
FAO names : En - Greenback mullet
Fr - Mulet dos vert
Sp - Lisa lomo verde
Size : Max.: 30 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, castnets,
stakenets, liftnets and beach seines
Habitat and biology : Inhabits coastal waters, including estuarine areas. Spawning takes place at sea. Feeds on detritus and
small bottom organisms, taken in with sand or mud
Liza tade (Forsskål , 1775)
Synonyms
: Mugil planiceps Valenciennes, 1836
Loc. names : Boi, Chhodi (Sin); Mundi (Bal)
FAO names : En - Tade mullet
Fr - Mulet tade
Sp - Lisa tade
Size : Max.: 70 cm; common to 33 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with gillnets, castnets, stakenets and beach seines
Habitat and biology : Mainly a marine species, often entering estuaries and backwaters. Feeds on small algae,
diatoms and other organic matter taken in with sand and mud
Liza vaigiensis ( Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Synonyms :
None
Loc. names
Mangan (Sin);
Murbo , Gid, Pee-ant (juv.)(Bal)
Diamond-scale grey mullet (En)
FAO names
En - Square-tail mullet
Fr - Mulet mopiro
Sp - Lisa mopiro
Size : Max.: 55 cm; common to 35 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with castnets, stakenets and beach seines
Feeds on small bottom
Habitat and biology : A coastal species, entering rivers during the rainy season.
organisms, algae, diatoms and detritus, taken in with mud and sand. Sexually ripe specimens common in March
and July along the Baluchistan coast
- 94 BONY FISHES
MUGILIDAE
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
PLATE XXI, 123
Synonyms : Mugil oür Forsskål, 1775
Mugil japonicus Schlegel, 1845
Loc. names : Boi, Meengh (Sin);
Murbo, Tagan (Bal)
Grey mullet; Springer (En)
FAO names : En - Flathead mullet
Fr - Mulet cabot
Sp - Pardete
Size-: Max.: 90 cm; common to 35 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, castnets, stakenets, barrier nets, liftnets and
beach seines
Habitat and biology :'A coastal species , found also in estuaries and freshwater,
capable of standing salinities up to 87 °/°° of and temperatures between 12 and
25 C. Feeds on detritus, algae and small bottom organisms, taken in with sand
and mud and rejecting the indigestable parts. During the spawning migration the
feeding is reduced or completely interrupted.
For furhter information see
CSIRO Fisheries Synopsis No.1
Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836)
Synonyms
Mugil
Mugil
Mugil
Mugil
Mugil
amarulus Valencien es, 1836
strongylocephalus Richardson, 1846
ophuysenii Bleeker, 1859
longimanus Gcnther , 1861
kelaartii Günther, 1861
Loc. names : Pharra, Boi (Sin); Murbo, Palo (Bal)
Roundhead grey mullet (En)
FAO names : En - Longarm mullet
Fr - Mulet longue aile
Sp - Lisa de aleta larga
Size : Max.: 41 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, castnets, stakenets, barrier nets,
beach seines and occasionally in trawls
Habitat and biology : A schooling species, found in coastal waters, estuaries and backwaters. Forms large
aggregations when spawning takes place. Feeds on algae, diatoms, small bottom organisms and detritus taken in
with sand and mud
Valamugil seheli (Forsskål, 1775)
Synonyms
: Mugil axillaris Valenciennes, 1836
Mugil caeruleomaculatus Lacepède, 1803
Loc. names : Boi, Pharra (Sin); Murbo, Guarez, Mundsar (Bal)
Bluespot grey mullet (En)
FAO names : En - Blue-spot mullet
Fr - Mulet à tache bleue
Sp - Lisa de mancha azul
Size : Max.: 50 cm; common to 24 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, stakenets,
barrier nets and beach seines
Habitat and biology : A schooling species, found in estuaries and backwaters; spawning takes place at sea. Feeds
on algae, diatoms, small bottom organisms and detritus taken in with sand and mud
- 95 BONY FISHES
Valamugil speigleri (Bleeker, 1858)
Synonyms
None
MUGILIDAE
PLATE XXI, 124
Loc. names : Boi, Pharra (Sin);
Anjara, Murbo, Badli (juv.) (Bal)
FAO names : En - Speigler's mullet
Fr - Mulet chiraya
Sp - Lisa chiraya
Size : Max.: 20 cm; common to 14 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets, castnets, stakenets, barrier nets, beach seines and trawls
Habitat and biology : A coastal species, also in estuaries, backwaters and often entering fresh water. Feeds on
small algae, diatoms, small bottom organisms and detritus taken in with sand or mud
SPHYRAENIDAE
Loc. names : Kund (Sin); Kund (Bal)
FAO names : En - Barracudas
Fr - Barracudas, bécunes
Sp - Barracudas, picudas
Size : Max.: 180 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly by trolling
but also in trawls and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Mostly occurring in coastal waters, from the surface to 100 m depth. The young form large
schools, adults are usually solitary. Known to be particularly voracious, the adults of the larger species being
dangerous to man. Attacks are most frequent in shallow murky waters
Interest to fisheries : The Sphyraenidae are of some importance as food, the flesh being delicate and well
The Handbook of Fisheries
flavoured. Usually marketed fresh, but also dry-salted for export to Sri Lanka.
Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports catches of barracudas ranging from 1 962 t (1980) to 3 606 t (1981)
Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum, 1792)
Synonyms
: Sphyraena picuda Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Loc. names : Kund (Sin); Kund (Bal)
Barracuda (En)
FAO names : En - Great barracuda
Fr - Barracuda
Sp - Picuda barracuda
Fishing gear : Taken by trolling, in trawls and
in nets
Habitat and biology :In coastal waters, from near the surface to 100 m depth, the juveniles in shallow waters,
including mangrove swamps and estuaries.
This species is everywhere dreaded for its ferocity, the large
i ndividuals attacking man and not uncommonly causing death
- 96 BONY FISHES
SPHYRAENIDAE
Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier, 1829
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Kund (Sin); Kund (Bal)
Barracuda (En)
FAO names : En - Bigeye barracuda
Fr - Bécune de Forster
Sp - Picuda de Forster
Size : Max.: 64 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught by trolling and in trawls
Habitat and biology : In coastal waters over shallow banks, mainly close to the bottom.
shrimps and cephalopods
Feeds on fishes, peneid
Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Kund (Sin); Kund (Bal)
Barracuda (En)
FAO names : En - Pickhandle barracuda
Fr - Barracuda jello
Sp - Picuda serpentina
Size : Max.: 150 cm; common to 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught by trolling and in trawls
Habitat and biology : In coastal waters, predominantly near the surface.
schools and sometimes enter rivers. Feeds on fish and squid
Adults are solitary, young occur in
Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829
Synonyms
Sphyraena chrysotaenia Klunzinger, 1884
Sphyraenella chrysotaenia: Dutt & Seshagiri Rao, 1867
Loc. names
Kund (Sin); Kund (Bal)
Barracuda (En)
FAO names : En - Obtuse barracuda
Fr - Bécune obtuse
Sp - Picuda obtusa
Size : Max.: 40 cm; common to 25 crn
Fishing gear : Caught by trolling (using Sardinella species as bait), in trawls and with
bottom gillnets
Habitat and biology : Found in coastal waters from the surface to the bottom, smaller individuals occurring in
schools. Feeds mainly on fishes. Sexually ripe specimens found in December and April along the Baluchistan
coast
- 97 BONY FISHES
SPHYRAENIDAE
Sphyraena putnamiae Jordan & Seale, 1905
Synonyms
: Sphyraena bleekeri Williams, 1959
Loc. names : Kund (Sin); Kund (Bal)
Barracuda (En)
FAO names : En - Chevron barracuda
Fr - Bécune chevronnée
Sp - Picuda galoneada
Size : Max.: 90 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in seines, bottom trawls and by trolling
Habitat and biology : A schooling species, mainly near the surface; primarily nocturnal
POLYNEMIDAE
Loc. names : Seeri, Ranwas (Sin); Gwanz (Bal)
Tasselfishes (En)
FAO names : En - Threadfins
Fr - Barbures
Sp - Barbudos
Size : Some species may reach 200 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with beach seines, gillnets, traps and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Found in shallow coastal waters, over sandy or muddy bottoms, some species in brackish
waters and entering river mouths. Feed mainly on crustaceans and small fishes
Interest to fisheries : Some species of this family attain a large size and occur in large shoals in shallow coastal
waters and creeks. Their flesh is highly appreciated. The air-bladder of Polynemus indicus is used for isinglass.
The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports catches of threadfins ranging from 276 t (1983)
to 3 166 t (1982) with an average of 785 t
Species of Polynemidae
PLATE XXI, 125
Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804)
Four finger threadfin
size: to 200 cm
Polynemus indicus Shaw, 1804
Indian threadfin
size: to 140 cm
- 98 -
BONY FISHES
Species of P o ly n e m id a e
Polynemus paradiseus Linnaeus, 1758
Paradise threadfin
size: to 23 cm
POLYNEMIDAE
Polynemus plebeius Broussonet, 1782
Striped threadfin
size: to 45 cm
PLATE XXI, 126
Polynemus sextarius Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Blackspots threadfin
size: to 30 cm
LABRIDAE
Loc. names
FAO names : En - Wrasses
Fr - Labres, Vielles
Sp - Viejas
Size : Max.: 200 cm, but most species are less
than 20 cm
Fishing gear : Bottom trawls, gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : Common in shallow, coastal habiFeed mostly on
tats, but really rare in many areas.
Most species are protogynous
bottom invertebrates.
hermaphrodites and some are sexual dichromatic
Interest to fisheries : Many species are too small to be of commercial importance but the larger ones are
excellent foodfishes. Rarely caught
SCARIDAE
Loc. names
FAO names : En - Parrot fishes
Fr - Perroquets
Sp - Loros
Size : Max.: to about 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in gillnets and traps
Habitat and biology : Most species are very colourful and exhibit striking sexual dichromatism. Many species of
the family are protogynous hermaphrodites (individuals mature first as females and then sexually transform into
males; this transformation is usually accompanied by changes in colour pattern). Parrotfishes inhabit inshore
areas usually associated with rocky bottoms and coral reefs.
They are benthic grazers and feed by scraping the
algal coating from rocks, dead coral and compacted sand with their beak-like plates
Interest to fisheries : Only occasionally caught
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- 99 -
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BONY FISHES
SIGANIDAE
Loc. names : Kakina (Sin); Mahparri (Bal)
FAO names : En - Spinefoots, rabbitfishes
Fr - Sigans
Sp - Siganos
Size : Max.: to 45 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls
and traps
Habitat and biology : In shallow coastal waters, including mangroves, estuaries and brackish lagoons.
Some
species occur in schools, others in pairs or solitary.
Herbivorous, feed by scraping algae from rocks and corals
and by brousing on seaweeds and seagrasses. The fin spines are venomous and care should be taken when handling
these fishes
Interest to fisheries : The members of this family do not form the object of a special fishery in Pakistan, because,
although they are very good fishes, they do not seem to occur in large quanties
Species of Siganidae
Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797)
White-spotted spinefoot
size: to 30 cm
P LATE XXI I , 1 2 7
Siganus javus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Streaked spinefoot
size: to 45 cm
P LATE XXI I , 1 2 8
Siganus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Little spinefoot
size: to 21 cm
P LATE XXI I , 1 2 9
- 100 -
BONY FISHES
SCOMBRIDAE
Loc. names : Surmai, Dawan, Chuki, Gidder, etc. (Sin); Ahore, Gore, Chunki, Kulgun, etc. (Bal)
FAO names : En - Albacores, bonitos, kawakawas, mackerels, seerfishes, tunas and wahoos
Fr - Thazards, bonitous, thonines, bonites, maquereaux, thons
Sp - Petos, atunes, melvas, melveras, bacoretas, carites, etc.
Size : Some species exceed 3 m
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with gillnets, longlines and by trolling.
The boats used are of
fairly large size, "bedi" or "hors" in deeper
waters and "dhatti hora" (outrigger boat) near
the shore. Twelve to 14 fishermen work on
large boats when gillnets are used and only 3
when lines are used
Habitat and biology : A rather diverse group of
pelagic fishes, some, especially the smaller
species, inhabit coastal waters while the larger
ones, especially Thunnus species carry out wide
transoceanic migrations. Feeding habits also
vary from one species to the other, some being
plankton feeders, others feeding on small
schooling fishes, cephalopods, crustaceans, etc.
Interest to fisheries : Some species (Scomberomorous species, Euthynnus affinis , Katsuwonus pelamis ) are rather
common.
These fishes are highly priced if sold fresh. Some are dry-salted and exported to Sri Lanka. The
Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports combined catches of mackerels ranging from
1963 t (1980) to 8 243 t (1983), with an average of 6 247 t; and of tunas from 2 921 t (1983 to 14 470 t 1975) with
an average of 10 256 t
Acanthocybium solandri ( Cuvier, 1831)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Ghore (Sin); Gore (Bal)
Yahoo (En)
FAO names : En - Yahoo
Fr - Thazard-bâtard
Sp - Peto
Size : Max.: 210 cm (fork length)
Fishing gear : There is no special fishery
for this species. It is occasionally caught
by trolling
Habitat and biology : An epipelagic, oceanic species, mostly solitary but also forming small
aggregations. Fecundity is
believed to be quite high.
Feeds on
pelagic and bottom fishes and on cephalopods
- 101 -
BONY FISHES
Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800)
Synonyms
PLATE XXII, 130
SCOMBRIDAE
: Auxis tapeinosoma Bleeker, 1854
Auxis hira Kishinouye, 1915
Loc. names : Chuki (Sin); Chunki (Bal)
Frigate mackerel (En)
FAO names : En - Frigate tuna
Fr - Auxide
Sp - Melva
S iz e : Max.: about 50 cm fork length
Fishing gear : Caught mainly by trolling and
gillnetting
Habitat and biology : An epipelagic, neritic as well as oceanic species. The spawning season extends from January
to April and fecundity of fish (in Indian waters) ranged between 200,000 and 1.06 million eggs per spawning,
depending on the size of the female (see also FAO Species Synopses Nos. 47, 71 and 124)
Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)
Synonyms
: Euthynnus yaito Kishinouye, 1915
Loc. names : Dawan (Sin); Ulus (Bal)
Mackerel tuna (En)
FAO names : En - Kawakawa
Fr - Thonine orientale
Sp - Bacoreta oriental
Size : Max.: 100 cm; common to 60 cm
Fishing gear : Gillnetting and trolling are the
major fishing techniques in use
Habitat and biology : An epipelagic, neritic species, found in waters of 18- to 20-C temperature. This species
tends to form multispecies schools with small Thunnus albacares , Katsuwonus pelamis , Auxis thazard and
Megalaspis cordyla . Kawakawa is a predator, feeding on fish, shrimps and cephalopods. It is preyed upon by
martins and sharks (see also FAO Species Synopses Nos. 48, 50 and 122)
Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
: Euthynnus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Loc. names : Chuki (Sin); Kishki, Ahore (Bal)
Striped tuna; Skipjack; Bonito (En)
FAO names : En - Skipjack tuna
Fr - Bonite à ventre rayè
Sp - Listado
Size : Max.: 100 cm (fork length); common to 80 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in gillnets and by trolling
°
Habitat and biology : An epipelagic , oceanic species, adults in waters warmer than 15 C, larvae in waters with
surface temperatures of about 25 C. It is distributed from the surface to about 260 m depth during the day,
Feeds on a wide variety of small fishes, cephalopods (especially squids) and
mainly near surface at night.
crustaceans. Cannibalism is also common. It is preyed upon by tunas and killifishes . Sexually ripe specimens
found in March and April along the Baluchistan coast (see also FAO Species Synopses Nos. 64 and 136)
- 102 BONY FISHES
SCOMBRIDAE
Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817)
Synonyms
PLATE XXII, 131
: Rastrelliger chrysozonus (Rüppell, 1836)
Loc. names : Surmai, Surmaya, Bangra (Sin); Bangra (Bal)
Rake-gilled mackerel (En)
FAO names : En - Indian mackerel
Fr - Mâquereau des Indes
Sp - Caballa de la India
Size : Max.: 35 cm; common to 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with purse seines, liftnets and bamboo stake traps
°
Habitat and biology : An epipelagic, neritic species, found in waters warmer than 17 C. Forms large schools.
Feeds on phyto- and zooplankton (juveniles) and on fish and shrimp larvae (adults). The lifespan is believed to be
about 4 years (see also FAO Species Synopsis No. 29)
Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1801)
PLATE XXII, 132
Synonyms : Cybium commersoni (Lacepède, 1801)
Loc. names : Ghore (Sin); Gore (Bal)
Barred Spanish mackerel (En)
FAO names : En - Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel
Fr - Thazard rayé (Indo-Pacifique)
Sp - Carite estriado del Indo-Pacifico
Size : Max.: 220 cm; common to 90 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with gillnets and by trolled
handlines. Along the Baluchistan coast it is caught mainly
by handlines in July-August and April-May, and November
to February it is mostly fished for with drift gillnets
Habitat and biology : An epipelagic, neritic species, known to undertake longshore migrations. Feeds primarily
on small fish (Stolephorus and Sardinella species) and on carangids, slipmouths, squids, etc.
Feeding seems to
take place exclusively at night. Sexually ripe specimens found in September and December along the Baluchistan
coast.
Interest to fisheries : Separate statistics are not officially reported for this species, but along the Baluchistan
coast about 4 100 t were caught in 1983 (Burney et al. 1985)
Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1831) 1
Synonyms : Cybium lineolatum Cuvier, 1831
Indocybium lineolatum : Munro, 1955
Loc. names : Kalgund (Sin); Kulgun (Bal)
Streaked Spanish mackerel (En)
FAO names : En -Streaked seerfish
Fr - Thazard cirrus
Sp - Carite rayado
Size : Max.: 80 cm; common to 70 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with gillnets and by trolling
Habitat and biology : The biology of this species i s rather poorly known. It is epipelagic and neritic
- 103 BONY FISHES
Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
SCOMBRIDAE
: Cybium guttatum : Cuvier, 1829
Indocybium guttatum : Munro, 1955
Loc. names : Kalgund (Sin); Kulgun (Bal)
Spotted Spanish mackerel (En)
FAO names : En - Indo-Pacific king mackerel
Fr - Thazard ponctué (Indo-Pacifique)
Sp - Carite del Indo-Pacifico
Size : Max.: 76 cm fork length
Fishing gear : Caught mainly
seines and by trolling
with gillnets, purse
Habitat and biology : Epipelagic and neritic, less migratory than S. commersoni , found at depths from 15 to
200 m. Sometimes entering turbid estuarine waters. Forms small schools. Feeds primarily on small schooling
fishes (sardinellas and anchovies), squids and crustaceans.
Sexually ripe specimens found in August and
December along the Baluchistan coast. The main fishing season is from September to November and from
January to March along the Baluchistan coast
Scomberomorus koreanus ( Kishinouye, 1915)
Synonyms : Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Loc. names : Kalgund (Sin); Kulgun (Bal)
FAO names : En - Korean seer fish
Fr - Thazard coréen
Sp - Carite coreano
Size : Max.: 150 cm (fork length); common to
60 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with gillnets and
by trolling
Habitat and biology : Pelagic and neritic. Feeds mainly on small schooling fishes (anchovies and sardinellas) and
on shrimp
Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)
Synonyms
Neothunnus macropterus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Neothunnus albacora (Lowe, 1839)
Thynnus argentivittatus ( Cuvier, 1831)
Loc. names : Gidder (Sin); Gidder, Goshi, Zarday (Bal)
Albacore (En)
FAO names : En - Yellowfin tuna
Fr - Albacore
Sp - Rabil
Size : Max.: 195 cm (fork length); common to 150 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with longlines and purse seines
Habitat and biology : An epipelagic and oceanic species, whose vertical distribution seems to be influenced by
the thermal structure of the water column. Oxygen concentrations less than 2 ml/l (encountered below the
thermocline) and strong thermocline gradients exclude its presence below the discontinuity layer. Schooling
occurs near the surface, sometimes in multispecies groups. Feeds on a wide variety of fishes, crustaceans and
cephalopods (see also FAO Species Synopsis No. 53)
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BONY FISHES
SCOMBRIDAE
Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839)
Synonyms : Parathunnus mebachi Kishinouye, 1923
Parathunnus sibi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Loc. names : Gidder (Sin); Bum, Batali (Bal)
FAO names : En - Bigeye tuna
Fr - Thon obèse
Sp - Patudo
Size : Max.: over 200 cm; common to 180 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with longlines and
purse seines
Habitat and biology : A pelagic, oceanic species taken from the surface to depths of 250 m. Juveniles school with
yellowfin and/or skipjack tuna. Feeds on fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans (see also FAO Species Synopsis No.
61)
Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851)
Synonyms
: Kishinoella tonggol (Bleeker, 1851)
Loc. names : Dawan (Sin); Ahore, Dawan (Bal)
Bluefin tuna (En)
FAO names : En - Longtail tuna
Fr- Thon mignon
Sp - Atun tongol
Size : Max.: 130 cm; common to 70 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with longlines
Habitat and biology : Epipelagic, predominantly neritic, not found in turbid waters and areas with reduced salinity
such as estuaries. Feeds on crustaceans, cephalopods and fishes (see also FAO Species Synopsis No. 74)
TRICHIURIDAE
Loc. names : Talwar (Sin); Tinji, Chindi (Bal)
FAO names : En - Hairtails
Fr - Poissons sabre
Sp - Peces sables
Size : Max.: 120 cm; common to less than
100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with bagnets in estuaries, seines in inshore waters and with trawls
offshore
Habitat and biology : Benthopelagic species, found in coastal waters to about 100 m depth. Often come near the
surface at night. Feed on small fishes and crustaceans
Interest to fisheries : Species of this family occur in large quantities. Catches up to 6 t/hr were obtained by the
R/V DR F. NANSEN in September 1983, off the Makran coast (O. Nakken, Fisheries Resources Survey, Pakistan,
5-16 September 1983). The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports annual catches of
hairtails ranging from 398 t (1978) to 6 642 t (1982)
- 105 -
BONY FISHES
Species of Trichiuridae
TRICHIURIDAE
Leptoracanthos savala ( Cuvier, 1829)
Savalai hairtail
size: to 120 cm
Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758
Largehead hairtail
Size: to 120 cm
ISTIOPHORIDAE
Loc. names : Ghori (Sin); Asp (Bal)
FAO names : En - Sailfishes, marlins
Fr - Voiliers
Sp - Peces vela
Size : Max.: to more than 450 cm total length
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with longlines
Habitat and biology : Oceanic, highly migratory and epipelagic, they usually inhabit the upper layers of water
above the thermocline. Feed on a wide variety of fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods
Interest to fisheries : All killifishes are excellent foodfishes and highly priced throughout the world. The reported
catches of killifishes from Pakistan totalled about 520 t in 1983 (see FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, 1983).
Mostly dry-salted for export to Sri Lanka. The main fishing season for Makaira indica is in April, May and
November along the Baluchistan coast
Istiophoros platypterus (Shaw & Nodder, 1792)
Synonyms
Istiophoros gladius (Bloch, 1793)
Histiophorus gladius (Bloch, 1793)
Histiophoros orientalis Temminck & Schlegel, 1844
Istiophoros orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Loc. names : Ghori (Sin); Asp (Bal)
FAO names : En - Sailfish
Fr - Voilier
Sp - Pez vela
Size : Max.: about 320 cm total length,
common to 270 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with longlines
Habitat and biology : Oceanic, epipelagic and highly migratory, usually above the thermocline. Feeds on fishes,
crustaceans and cephalopods
- 106 -
BONY FISHES
ISTIOPHORIDAE
Makaira indica ( Cuvier, 1832)
Synonyms
: Makaira marlina Jordan & Hill, 1926
Istiompax marlina (Jordan & Hill, 1926)
Istiompax indicus (Cuvier, 1832)
Loc. names : Ghori (Sin); Asp (Bal)
Indian spearfish (En)
FAO names : En - Black marlin
Fr - Makaire noir
Sp - Aguja negra
Size : Max.: about 460 cm (total length); common to 380 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with longlines
Habitat and biology : Oceanic, highly migratory and epipelagic, usually above the thermocline. Feeds on fishes,
crustaceans and cephalopods
Tetrapturus angustirostris Tanaka, 1915
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Ghori (Sin); Asp (Bal)
Short-nosed swordfish (En)
FAO names : En - Shortbill spearfish
Fr - Makaire à rostre court
Sp - Marlin trompa corta
Size : Max.: 230 cm (total length); common to
190 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with longlines
Habitat and biology : Highly migratory oceanic and epipelagic, usually above the thermocline. Feeds on fishes,
crustaceans and cephalopods
Tetrapturus audax (Philippi, 1887)
Synonyms
: Tetrapturus mitsukurii Jordan & Snyder, 1901
Makaira mitsukurii (Jordan & Snyder, 1901)
Makaira audax (Philippi, 1887)
Loc. names : Ghori (Sin); Asp (Bal)
FAO names : En - Striped marlin
Fr - Marlin rayé
Sp - Marlin rayado
Size : Max.: about 340 cm (total length);
common to 290 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with longlines
Habitat and biology : Oceanic and highly migratory, epipelagic, usually above the thermocline. Feeds on fishes,
crustaceans and cephalopods
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- 107 -
BONY FISHES
XIPHIIDAE
Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms : Xiphias estara Phillipps, 1932
Xiphias gladius estara : Whitley, 1968
Loc. names : Ghori (Sin); Asp (Bal)
Broadbill swordfish (En)
FAO names : En - Swordfish
Fr- Espadon
Sp - Pez espada
Size : Max.: 444 cm (total length); common to 300 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with longlines
Habitat and biology : Epipelagic, oceanic, sometimes in coastal waters. Highly migratory, does not form schools.
Found above the thermocline but also to depths of 800 m. Feeds mainly on schooling fishes, crustaceans and
cephalopods
Interest to fisheries : The flesh of this species is oily and tasty and appreciated worldwide.
swordfish in Pakistan totalled 200 t in 1983 (see FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, 1983)
The catches of
STROMATEIDAE
Loc. names : Achopitho, Sufaid-poplet (Sin);
Tighlum, Pithoo, Wanag, etc. (Bal)
FAO names: En - Silver pomfrets
Fr - Ailerons
Sp - Palometones
Size : Max.: 60 cm; most common between 20
and 30 cm
Fishing gear : Taken with bottom trawls, occasionally with
driftnets and bottom gillnets . Main fishing, seasons are
January, February, May and September to December along
the Baluchistan coast
Habitat and biology : Campus argenteus is found in coastal waters from 5 to 100 m depth and it is usually
associated with prawns, species of Nemipterus and Leiognathus . Pampus chinensis is found in shallow waters,
sometimes in estuaries.
They both feed on ctenophores, salps, medusae, etc. Sexually ripe specimens of P.
argenteus found in July and October along the Baluchistan coast
Interest to fisheries : The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports annual catches of Pampus
argenteus ranging from 2 694 t (1980) to 6 276 t (1979) with an average of 4 195 t.
However, these figures
probably also include P. chinensis , as well as the black pomfret, Parastromateus niger . Highly desirable fish,
marketed fresh
- 108 -
BONY FISHES
Species of Stromateidae
STROMATEIDAE
Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788)
Silver pomfret
Achopito, Sufaid poplet (Sin)
Tighul, Pithoo (Bal)
size: to 60 cm
Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen, 1788)
Chinese silver pomfret
Achopito, Sufaid-poplet (Sin)
Marz (Jiwani area), Wanag (Bal)
size: to 60 cm
NOMEIDAE
Psenes squamiceps (Lloyd, 1909)
Synonyms
Cubiceps natalensis Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1923
Cubiceps squamiceps (Lloyd, 1909)
Mulichthys squamiceps Lloyd, 1909
Loc. names
FAO names : En - Indian driftfish
Fr - Dérivant indien
Sp - Savorin indio
Size : Max.: 18 cm; common to 14 cm
Fishing gear : Not exploited in Pakistan at
present
Habitat and biology : Pelagic or near the
bottom, from the edge of the continental
shelf to about 450 m depth
- 109 -
BONY FISHES
ARIOMMIDAE
Ariomma indica ( Day, 1870)
Synonyms
Psenes indicus Day, 1870
Psenes africanus Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1923
Psenes extraneus Herre, 1950
Cubiceps dollfusi Chabanaud, 1930
Loc. names : Katni (Sin); Katni (Bal)
Driftfish (English)
FAO names : En - Indian ariomma
Fr - Ariomme indienne
Sp - Arioma indica
Size : Max.: 25 cm; common to 18 cm
Fishing gear : Not exploited in Pakistan at present
Habitat and biology : Found from 20 to 300 m depth, demersal during the day, pelagic at night. Often associated
with species of Saurida , Gerres , Trichiurus , Decapterus , Nemipterus and Lutjanus . Feeds mostly on zooplankton
Psettodes erumei (Schneider, 1801)
PSETTODIDAE
PLATE XXIII, 133
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Hajam (Sin); Dandani swaso, Kochuk (Bal)
Indian halibut, Turbot (English)
FAO names : En - Indian spiny turbot
Fr - Turbot épineux indien
Sp - Lenguado espinudo indio
Size : Max.: 60 cm; common to 40 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls and
bottom gillnets
Habitat and biology : Lives on sandy muddy bottoms
of the continental shelf, down to about 100 m depth.
Feeds on bottom-living animals. Sexually ripe specimens found in July along the Baluchistan coast
Interest to fisheries : This species is rather common and very often caught, although never in very large
quantities. The main fishing season is from July to November along the Baluchistan coast. Marketed fresh, an
excellent foodfish
BOTHIDAE
Loc. names : Kuker-jeeb (Sin);
Buti, Swaso (Bal)
FAO names : En - Lefteye flounders
Fr - Rombous
Sp - Lenguados
Size : Some species may reach 40 cm, ba usually
less than 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Bottom-dwelling, usually burrowing in sand or mud bottoms of the continental shelf. They
are able to rapidly change their colour pattern in order to match the background. In some species there is a
strong sexual dimorphism in length of rays, colour pattern, etc.
Interest to fisheries : Although never caught in large quantities, some species are often present in the catches.
The flesh is of good quality but most species are quite small in size
- 110 BONY FISHES
Species of Bothidae
female
BOTHIDAE
male
Bothus pantherinus ( Rüppell, 1828)
Leopard flounder
size: to 25 cm
PLATE XXIII, 135
Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton, 1822)
Largetooth flounder
size: to 35 cm
Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby, 1912
Deep flounder
size: to 20 cm
Pseudorhombus javanicus (Bleeker, 1853)
Java flounder
size: to 35 cm
Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Schneider, 1801)
Three-spotted flounder
size: to 15 cm
- 111 BONY FISHES
SOLEIDAE
Loc. names : Phani, Bans-patta (Sin)
Buti, Swaso (Bal)
FAO names : En - Soles
Fr - Soles
Sp - Lenguados
Size : Some species may reach a maximum size
of 30 cm but the common size is around 15 to
20 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls and shore
seines
Habitat and biology : Found in shallow coastal waters, over sandy and muddy bottoms. Feed on bottom-living
invertebrates. Capable of changing colour pattern to adapt to the background
Interest to fisheries : Although quite common in the catches, due to their small size and relatively low abundance,
soles are of low commercial value
Species of Soleidae
Euryglossa orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Oriental sole
size: to 24 cm
PLATE XXIII, 134
Solea elongata Day, 1877
Elongate sole
size: to 30 cm
Synaptura commersoniana ( Lacepède, 1802)
Commerson's sole
size: to 32 cm
- 112 -
BONY FISHES
Species of Soleidae
SOLEIDAE
Zebrias quagga Kaup, 1858
Fringefin sebra sole
size: to 15 cm
CYNOGLOSSIDAE
Loc. names : Sole (Sin)
Muna swasoo (Bal)
FAO names : En - Tonguesoles
Fr- Langues
Sp - Lenguas
Size : Max.: to 50 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : On muddy bottoms of the continental shelf including estuaries, but some species down to
400 m depth. Feed predominantly on bottom-living invertebrates
Interest to fisheries : Excellent foodfishes. The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports
annual catches of Cynoglossus species ranging from 427 t (1980) to 2 474 t (1973) with an average of 996 t.
These
figures, however, also include landings of turbot (Psettodes) , Bothidae and Soleidae
Cynoglossus arel (Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
: Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (Bleeker, 1801)
Loc. names : Sole (Sin); Munsa swasoo (Bal)
Brown tonguesole (English)
FAO names : En - Largescale tonguesole
Fr - Langue à grandes écailles
Sp - Lengua escamuda
Size : Max.: 38 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms
of the continental shelf. Feeds predominantly on bottomliving invertebrates
- 113 BONY FISHES
Cynoglossus bilineatus ( Lacepède, 1802)
Synonyms
: Cynoglossus quadrilineata (Bleeker, 1851)
Loc. names : Sole (Sin); Munsa swasoo (Ba!)
Fourlined tonguesole (English)
FAO names
En - Fourlined tonguesole
Fr - Langue à quatre lignes
Sp - Lengua de cuatro lineas
Size: Max.: 35 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms of the continental shelf, down to 80 m depth.
Feeds predominantly on bottom-living invertebrates
Cynoglossus dispar Day, 1877
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Sole (Sin); Munsa swasoo ( Bal)
FAO names : En - Roundhead tonguesole
Fr - Langue à tête ronde
Sp - Lengua roma
Size : Max.:
38 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms of the continental shelf. Feeds predominantly
on bottom-living invertebrates
Cynoglossus dubius Day, 1873
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Sole (Sin); Munsa swasoo (Bal)
FAO names : En - Carrot tonguesole
Fr - Languecarote
Sp - Lengua zanahoria
Size: Max.: 50 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology :Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms of the continental shelf.
Feeds mainly on
bottom-living invertebrates
CYNOGLOSSIDAE
- 114 -
BONY FISHES
CYNOGLOSSIDAE
Cynoglossus lachneri Menon, 1977
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names: Sole (Sin); Munsa swasoo (Bal)
FAO names : En - Lachner's tonguesole
Fr - Langue de Lachner
Sp - Lengua de Lachner
Size : Max.: 45 cm; common to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms of the continental shelf.
Feeds mainly on
bottom-living invertebrates
Other species of Cynoglossidae
-
Cynoglossus carpenteri Alcock, 1889
Hooked tonguesole
size: to 23 cm
Cynoglossus puncticeps ( Richardson, 1846)
Speckled tonguesole
size: to 18 cm
Paraplagusia bilineata ( Bloch, 1784)
Doublelsned tonguesole
size: to 30 cm
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- 115 -
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BONY FISHES
Abalistes stellatus (Lacepède, 1798)
Synonyms
BALISTIDAE
PLATE XXIII, 136
Abalistes stellaris (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Loc. names : Sukura (Sin);
Toora, Tooro (Bal)
FAO names : En - Starry triggerfish
Fr - Baliste étoilé
Sp - Pejepuerco estrellado
Size : Max.: 60 cm; common to 40 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Over sandy, weedy bottoms, to 100 m depth.
Feeds on benthic
animals
Interest to fisheries : Only accidentally caught as bycatch in commercial bottom trawls
Alutera monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
MONACANTHIDAE
None
Loc. names : Kakoo (Sin); Pooki (Bal)
Yellow-lined leather jacket ,
Unicorn filefish (En)
FAO names : En - Unicorn leatherjacket
Fr - Bourse loulou
Sp - Lija barbuda
Size : Max.: 55 cm; common to 40 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : On the continental shelf, down to 50 m depth
Interest to fisheries : Caught as bycatch
TETRAODONTIDAE
Loc. names : Toroo (Sin); Toroo (Bal)
FAO names : En - Pufferfishes
Fr - Compères
Sp - Tamboriles
Size : Max.: up to 75 cm
Fishing gear : Accidentally caught in bottom trawls
and in traps
shallow
i nshore
Habitat and biology : Inhabits
waters, sometimes entering brackish and fresh
They have the ability to inflate themwaters.
selves with air or water as a deterrent to predators. In addition, the skin and viscera of several
species are poisonous
Interest to fisheries : These fishes are mostly poisonous and are usually avoided
- 116 -
BONY FISHES
TRIACANTHIDAE
Loc. names : Khokh (Sin); Pooki (Bal)
FAO names : En - Tripodfishes
Fr - Tripodins
Sp - Tripodinos
Size : Max.: 30 cm; usually smaller than 25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught as bycatch in bottom
trawls and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Benthic, occurring on sandy and weed-covered bottoms. Feed on bottom-living invertebrates
Interest to fisheries : These fishes are not used as food and considered as trash fish. They are used for fishmeal
Species of Triacanthidae
Triacanthus biaculeatus ( Bloch, 1786)
Short-nosed tripodfish
size: to 30 cm
PLATE XXIII, 138
Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer (Cantor, 1849)
Long-spined tripodfish
size: to 25 cm
PLATE XXIII, 137
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- 117 -
SHARKS
TECHNICAL TERMS AND PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENT
(Straight-line distances)
fin dorsal
fin spine
second dorsal
fin
fin
precaudal
pit
keel
interdorsal space
spiracle
snout
caudal
peduncle
labial
folds
nostrils
mouth
clasper
(male sex organ)
slits
length of
pectoral fin
head
anal fin
pelvic fin
gill
caudal
pectoral
fin
trunk
tail
total lenght
(caudal fin depressed
to body axis)
Sharks sustain an important fishery in the coastal waters of Pakistan. Species of Galeocerdo , Carcharhinus ,
Scoliodon , Sphyrna , Chiloscyllium , Stegostoma and Triaenodon constitute a considerable part of the commercial
catches. The most important aspect of the exploitation of sharks is the extraction of oil from the liver which has,
in many species, a high content of vitamin A but it is used mainly for smearing boats. Shark fins are exported to
China. The skin of some species is used for polishing (shagreen) or for leather. In the Sind, sharks generally are
commercially graded by size, with three differently named groups being recognized:
Mangra - small-size, less
than 80 cm; Barkali - medium-size, between 80 and 140 cm; and Paggas - large-size, greater than 140 cm.
Fishermen, on the other hand, have more specific names for each species.
The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics
of Pakistan (1973-83) reports annual catches of sharks ranging from 8 127 t (1983) to 43 769 t (1973) with an
average of 25 763 t.
- 118 -
SHARKS
ALOPIIDAE
Loc. names : Dummi-mangar (Sin);
Dumbi, Mushk (Bal)
FAO names : En - Thresher sharks
Fr - Renards
Sp - Zorros
Size : Max.: to 500 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with longlines and
on hook and line
Habitat and biology : Found in coastal and offshore waters to more than 500 m depth. Ovoviviparous, with 2 to 4
young per litter. Feeds on small fishes and pelagic invertebrates
Interest to fisheries : Species of this family are not very often caught
Species of Alopiidae
Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1936
Pelagic thresher
size: to 350 cm
d o rs a l v ie w o f h e a d
Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1839)
Bigeye thresher
size: to 500 cm
- 119 BONY FISHES
CARCHARHINIDAE
Loc. names : Mangra, Barkali (Sin)
Nur-mani (Bal)
FAO names : En - Requiem sharks
Fr - Requins
Sp - Cazones picudos, tiburones, tintoreras
Size : Small to large sharks, some species to
more than 600 cm
Fishing gear : Longlines and handlines, drift
nets, gilinets, also caught in trawls
e ye
Habitat and biology : Species of this family are all strong swimmers and occur mainly over the continental shelf,
often very close inshore, some species entering river mouths and even fresh waters. Not much is known about
habitat and biology of several species. All are voracious predators and feed on a wide variety of organisms. The
larger carcharhinids are dangerous to people
Interest to fisheries : Certainly the most important shark family for fisheries in Pakistan, as well as in the whole
Yestern Indian Ocean. Mainly used for fishmeal, except for the liver from which oil is extracted. The fins are
dried and exported for the oriental sharkfin soup market. Juveniles are marketed fresh
Carcharhinus melanopterus ( Ouoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Synonyms
Hypoprion playfairi (Günther, 1870)
Loc . names : Mangra, Barkal (Sin); Barkali (Bal)
Black shark (En)
underside of head
FAO names : En - Blacktip reef shark
Fr - Requin pointes noires
Sp - Tiburón de puntas negras
Size : Max.: 200 cm, most adults less than 160 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly with longlines and gillnets
Habitat and biology : A rather common shark, mainly in inshore shallow waters, including brackish waters. Feeds
on small bony fishes, octopuses and small sharks. There have been several reports of attacks on humans, but it
should not be considered as a particularly dangerous shark due to its small size
Carcharhinus sorrah (Valenciennes, in Müller & Henle, 1839)
Synonyms
Carcharhinus bleekeri ( Dumeril, 1865)
Loc. names : Kanatyan, Mangra (Sin); Kanaitor (Bal)
Small grey shark (En)
FAO names : En - Spottail shark
Fr - Requin tacheté
Sp - Tiburón rabo manchado
Size : Max.: to 160 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets
lines
and long-
Habitat and biology : A rather common shark, inhabiting
the continental shelf from inshore waters to about 140 m
depth. Feeds on small bony fishes and cephalopods.
Probably not dangerous to people due to its small size
- 120 SHARKS
CARCHARHINIDAE
Galeocerdo cuvieri (Peron & LeSueur, in LeSueur, 1822)
Synonyms : Galeocerdo arcticus (Faber, 1829)
Galeocerdo rayneri McDonald & Barron, 1868
Loc. names : Mangra, Mohr (Sin); Nur-mani (Bal)
underside of head
FAO names : En - Tiger shark
Fr - Requin tigre commun
Sp - Tintorera
Size : Max.: at least 650 cm, possibly
more than 750 cm; common to 400 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets and
line gear. Live Pomadasys, Therapon or
flesh of ray and eel are used as bait
Habitat and biology : From inshore coastal waters to offshore waters, close to the surface or to the bottom,
sometimes entering brackish waters, river mouths and even fresh waters. Ovoviviparous and very prolific, with
10 to more than 80 young in a litter. Mature embryos found in May-June. Very voracious, feeds on a wide
variety of animals and also on carrion. Often gulps also undigestable items.
Considered as one of the most
dangerous sharks because of its occurrence in shallow waters, its large teeth and size, and its indiscriminate
appetite
Other species of Carcharhinidae
Carcharinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934)
Graceful shark
Mangra, Gussi (Sin)
Mussi (Bal)
size: to 170 cm
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856)
Greyreef shark
Gandan, Kanatyan (Sin)
Gurrin paggas (Bal)
size: to 250 cm
upper tooth
Carcharhinus amboinensis ( Müller & Henle 1839)
Pigeye shark
Mangra, Lon (Sin); Ham (Bal)
size: to 280 cm
- 121 SHARKS
Other species of Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinus dussumieri
(Valenciennes, in Müller & Henle, 1839)
Yhitecheek shark
Mangra, Kanatyan (Sin)
Gusso pishik (Bal)
size: to 100 cm
CARCHARHINIDAE
underside of head
uppe r to o th
Carcharhinus falciformis (Bibron in Müller & Henle, 1839)
Silky shark
Mangra, Kanatyan (Sin)
Kanaitar paggas (Bal)
size: to 350 cm
uppe r to o th
Carcharhinus hemiodon
(Valenciennes, in Müller & Henle, 1839)
Pondicherry shark
Mangra (Sin); Barkali (Bal)
size: to 200 cm
uppe r to o th
uppe r to o th
Carcharhinus leucas
(Valenciennes, in Müller & Henle, 1839)
Bullshark
Mangra, Kanatyan (Sin)
Bargore warook (Bal)
size: to 350 cm
PLATE XXIV, 139
Carcharhinus limbatus
Valenciennes, in Müller & Henle, 1839)
Blacktip shark
Mangra, Gandan (Sin)
Kalawani kanaitor (Bal)
size: to 250 cm
Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861)
Oceanic whitetip shark
Mangra, Kanatyan (Sin)
Jagri ham (Bal)
size: to 350 cm
- 122 -
SHARKS
Other species of Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinus macloti ( Muller & Henle, 1839)
Hardnose shark
Mangra, Hangor (Sin)
Jaroi pishik (Bal)
size: to 100 cm
CARCHARHINIDAE
underside of head
Lamiopsis temmincki ( Müller & Henle, 1839)
Broadfin shark
Mangra (Sin); Gusso pishik (Bal)
size: to 170 cm
Negaprion acutidens (Rüppell, 1837)
Sicklefin lemonshark
Mangra (Sin); Jagriham (Bal)
size: to 310cm
Glyphis gangeticus ( Müller & Henle, 1839)
Synonyms
Carcharhinus g angeticus ( Müller & Henle, 1839)
Carcharhinus temmincki ( Müller & Henle, 1839)
Loc. names : Gandan, Mangra (Sin); Gwareen (Bal)
Gangese grey shark (En)
FAO names : En - Ganges shark
Fr - Requin du Gange
Sp - Tiburón del Ganges
Size : Max.: uncertain, probably over 200 cm
Fishing gear : Probably caught like other sharks of
similar habits and habitat, with gillnets and on line
gear
Habitat and biology : This species has often been confused with Carcharhinus leucas or other species and for this
reason not much is known of its habitat and biology. It is known to occur in inshore waters and to enter river
mouths and swim upstream. The feeding habits are also unknown but the large jaws suggest large prey like bony
fishes, other sharks, etc.
It has been reported to be dangerous to man but the reports might have actually
referred to C. leucas
- 123 -
SHARKS
Loxodon macrorhinus Müller & Henle, 1839
Synonyms
PLATE XXIV, 140
CARCHARHINIDAE
Scoliodon acutus ( Rüppell,
ü
1837)
Scoliodon ceylonensis Setna & Sarangdhar, 1946
Loc. names : Mangra (Sin); Tailgo pishik (Bal)
FAO names : En - Sliteye shark
Fr - Requin sagrin
Sp - Tiburón ojuelo
Size : Max.: about 90 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets and on line
gear. Occasionally also in bottom trawls
eye
Habitat and biology : Found in clear, coastal waters, from 7 to about 80 m depth. Viviparous, number of young
per litter usually 2. A harmless shark, feeding on small fishes and crustaceans
Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell, 1837)
Synonyms
PLATE XXIV, 141
Scoliodon acutus ( Rüppell, 1837)
Scoliodon palasorra (Bleeker, 1853)
Scoliodon walbeehmi ( Bleeker, 1856)
Loc. names : Mangra, Kamot (Sin); Sorapi pishik (Bal)
underside of head
FAO names : En - Milk shark
Fr - Requin à museau pointu
Sp - Cazón picudo
Size : Max.: to about 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets and on line
gear
Habitat and biology : A very common small shark, found in coastal waters to about 50 m depth, close to the
surface as well as the bottom. Viviparous, with 2 to 8 young in a litter, size at birth about 30 cm. Feeds on
small bony fishes and crustaceans, harmless to people
Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964
Synonyms
: Scoliodon palasorra (Bleeker, 1853)
Loc. names : Mangra, Kamot (Sin); Tailgo pishik (Bal)
FAO names : En - Grey sharpnose shark
Fr - Requin aiguille gris
Sp - Cazón picudo gris
Size : Max.: to about 60 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with longlines and gillnets
Habitat and biology : In coastal waters, to about 40 m depth. Feeds
on small fishes and invertebrates. Probably harmless to people
underside of head
- 124 -
SHARKS
CARCHARHINIDAE
Scoliodon laticaudus Muller & Henle, 1838
Synonyms
Physodon muelleri (Valenciennes , in Müller & Henle, 1839)
Scoliodon palasorra (Bleeker, 1853T
Scoliodon sorrakowa (Bleeker, 1853)
Loc. names : Mangra (Sin); Bhambol pishik (Bal)
FAO names : En - Spadenose shark
Fr - Reguin épée
Sp - Cazón espadachin
Size : Max.: to about 75 cm, but most individuals smaller
Fishing gear : Caught with line gear and gillnets
Habitat and biology : In coastal waters, near the bottom in rocky areas. Viviparous, with 5 to 14 young per
litter, very abundant where it occurs.
Forms large schools.
Feeds on small schooling fishes, including
anchovies, the bombay duck, bregmacerotids, etc. Mature embryos present in June
Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837)
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Mangra, Lone (Sin); Lone (Bal)
Light-tip shark (En)
u n d e rs id e o f h e a d
FAO names : En - Whitetip reef shark
Fr - Requin corail
Sp - Cazón coralero trompacorta
Size : Max.: to more than 200 cm, but most
adults below 160 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets and on line gear
Habitat and biology : In coastal clear waters, often in holes and crevices. Viviparous, 1 to 5 young in a litter.
Feeds on small fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans. Reported to be dangerous to man. Mature embryos present
i n May-June
Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1830)
Synonyms
GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE
: Nebrius concolor Rüppell, 1837
Ginglymostoma ferrugineum ( Lesson, 1830)
Nebrius doldi Smith, 1953
Loc. names : Mangra (Sin); Pishi (Bal)
Sluggish shark (En)
u n d e rs id e o f h e a d
FAO names : En - Tawny nurse shark
Fr - Requin-nourrice fauve
Sp - Gata riodriza atezada
Size : Max.: 320 cm; common to 250 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets and on line
gear
Habitat and biology : In coastal waters to about 70 m depth. A sluggish, bottom-living shark, common in lagoons,
on sand flats and around coral reefs. Feeds on bottom invertebrates and small fishes
Interest to fisheries : Fins are used for the sharkfin oriental trade and oil is extracted from the liver. The offal is
used for fishmeal
- 125 -
SHARKS
HEMIGALEIDAE
Loc. names : Mangra, Lone (Sin);
Lone, Pishi (Bal)
FAO names : En - Weasel sharks
Fr - Milandres
Sp - Comadrejas
Size : Max.: usually rather small (not
much more than 100 cm); H. elongatus
said to reach 240 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets , longlines and other line gear
Habitat and biology : These sharks live on the continental shelf, mainly in coastal areas, not deeper than 100 m.
Viviparous, with about 4 young per litter.
Feed on a variety of small bony fishes, cephalopods, crustaceans and
echinoderms
Interest to fisheries : Species of this family are commonly caught although their abundance is rather modest. The
fins are used for the oriental sharkfin trade and oil is extracted from the liver
Species of He m ig a le id a e
upper and lower teeth
underside of head
upper and lower teeth
underside of head
Chaenogaleus macrostoma (Bleeker, 1852)
Hooktooth shark
Mangra, Lone (Sin); Lone (Bal)
size: to 100 cm
Hemipristis elongatus (Klunzinger, 1871)
Snaggletooth shark
Mangra, Gandan (Sin); Pishi (Bal)
size: to 240 cm
HEMISCYLLIIDAE
Loc. names : Kamot, Mangra (Sin); Pishi (Bal)
FAO names : En - Longtail carpetsharks
Fr - Requins-cabot
Sp - Bamboas
Size : Max.: small sharks, usually less
than 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls
and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Slow-swimming, bottom-dwelling inshore sharks, feeding on small fishes and invertebrates.
Oviparous, eggs are deposited in cases on the bottom
Interest to fisheries : These sharks are among the most abundant along the coast of Pakistan
- 12 6 SHARKS
HEMISCYLLIIDAE
Species of Hemiscylliidae
young
Chiloscyllium griseum Muller & Henle, 1839
Grey bambooshark
size: at least 75 cm
Chiloscyllium indicum ( Gmelin, 1789)
Slender bambooshark
size: to 65 cm
LAMNIDAE
Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810
Synonyms
: Isurus gl aucus ( Muller & Henle, 1839)
Loc. names : Mangra, Dandani (Sin); Nar manger (Bal)
FAO names : En - Shortfin mako
Fr - Taupe bleu
Sp - Marrajo dientuso
Size : Max.: 400 cm; common to 270 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with longlines and probably also with gillnets and on hook and line
Habitat and biology : An oceanic, as well as coastal species, usually in surface waters and known to leap out of
the water. Ovoviviparous, 1 to 6 young in a litter. Feeds on schooling fishes and on larger species, such as tunas
and swordfishes. Known to be very dangerous and to attack swimmers and boats
Interest to fisheries : The flesh of this species is renowned for being a delicacy, oil is extracted from the liver
because of the high vitamin content, the skin can be processed into leather and the fins used for sharkfin soup
ODONTASPIDIDAE
Eugomphodus taurus (Rafinesque, 1810)
Synonyms
A poorly known species, Eugomphodus tricuspidate
(Day, 1878) might be a synonym of E. taurus
Loc. names : Mangra, Dandanee (Sin)
FAO names : En - Sand tigershark
Fr - Requin taureau
Sp - Toro bacota
Size : Max.: about 318 cm; most adults between
220 and 280 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with longlines, handlines
and gillnets
Habitat and biology : A coastal species, living in or near sandy bays. Ovoviviparous, with 1 or 2 young per litter.
Feeds on a variety of small fishes, sharks and rays, squid and occasionally crabs and lobsters
Interest to fisheries ; Used m ainly for oil extracted from the liver
- 127 BONY FISHES
Rhiniodon typus Smith, 1828
RHINIODONTIDAE
Synonyms : Rhincodon typus Smith, 1829
Loc. names : Andhi-mangar (Sin); Baran (Bal)
FAO names : En - Whale shark
Fr - Requin baleine
Sp - Tiburón ballena
Size : Max.: uncertain, probably to
18 m, but most specimens rarely
above 12 m
Fishing gear : Harpoons
Habitat and biology : An epipelagic, oceanic, as well as coastal species, observed well offshore but also close
inshore and entering lagoons.
Found individually or forming large schools. It seems to prefer areas with
upwelling waters, probably because of the more favorable conditions for the production of plankton. Not much is
known about its development. Egg cases of football size are deposited and the eggs hatch when the young is over
35 cm long. Filter-feeder, feeds on a wide variety of planktonic and nektonic organisms (crustaceans, schooling
fishes, anchovies, sardines and squid)
Interest to fisheries : Although this species can weigh several tonnes, the flesh is not used for human consumption.
Oil is extracted from the liver and used for smearing boats
Atelomycterus marmoratus (Bennett, 1830)
Synonyms
SCYLIORHINIDAE
None
Loc. names : Mangra (Sin); Tikki pishi (Bal)
FAO names : En - Marbled catshark
Fr - Chien corail
Sp - Pintarroja coral
Size : Max.: about 70 cm
Fishing gear : Probably caught with line gear and gillnets
Habitat and biology : Found in lnshore waters. Oviparous
Interest to fisheries : Like other sharks, is used mainly for fishmeal and oil
SPHYRNIDAE
Loc. names : Julia-mangar (Sin); Buther (adult);
Kanti (juv.)(Bal)
FAO names : En - Hammerhead sharks
Fr - Requins marteau
Sp - Cornudas
Size : Max.: medium to large sized, some
species to more than 600 cm
underside of head
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets and longlines
Habitat and biology : Mainly in surface waters, the adults of most species are semi-oceanic while the young are
found close inshore. Feed on bony fishes, sharks and rays. Reported to be dangerous to man
Interest to fisheries : Species of this family are abundant in Pakistan and sustain rather important fisheries. They
are used mainly for extracting oil which seems to have a high content of vitamin A
- 128 -
SHARKS
SPHYRNIDAE
Eusphyra blochii (Cuvier, 1817:
Synonyms
: Sphyrna blochii (Cuvier, 1817)
Loc. names : Julia-mangar (Sin);
Buther, Dokzai, Dokan (Bal)
Arrow-headed shark (En)
underside of head
FAO names : En - Winghead shark
Fr - Requin marteau planeur
Sp - Cornuda planeadora
Size : Max.: about 150 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets and longlines
Habitat and biology : Mainly in inshore waters. Viviparous, with 6 to 11 young per litter
Sphyrna lewini (Cuvier, Griffith & Smith, 1834)
Synonyms
: Sphyrna diplana Springer, 1941
Loc. names : Julia-mangar (Sin);
Bhuther, Alwandi , Kanti (juv.)(Bal)
underside of head
FAO names : En - Scalloped hammerhead
Fr - Requin marteau halicorne
Sp - Cornuda común
Size : Max.: 420 cm; common to 360 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with gillnets and longlines. Flesh of rays and eels are used as bait
Habitat and biology : An offshore and semi-oceanic species, often encountered in inshore waters and estuaries,
probably in search of food. Viviparous, number of young per litter up to 30.
Feeds on small pelagic fishes, other
sharks and rays and also in invertebrates.
Adults considered to be dangerous to man.
The most common
hammerhead in the area
Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell , 1837)
Synonyms
: Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822)
Loc. names : Julia-mangar (Sin);
Buther, Maish, Katial (medium) (Bal)
u n d e rs id e o f h e a d
FAO names : En - Great hammerhead
Fr - Grand requin marteau
Sp - Cornuda gigante
Size : Max.: 600 cm, but possibly more; common to about 360 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with longlines and gillnets
Habitat and biology : A coastal, as well as semi-oceanic species. Viviparous, with 18 to 38 young per litter.
Feeds on bony fishes, other sharks, rays, squids and lobsters
- 129 SHARKS
STEGOSTOMATIDAE
Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann, 1783)
Synonyms
Steqostoma varium (Seba, 1758)
Stegostoma tygrinus or tigrinus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
Loc. names
Billi, Pusuni (Sin)
Pishi (Bal)
FAO names : En - Zebra shark
Fr - Requin zèbre
Sp - Tiburón acebrado
Size : Max.: to more than 300 cm, but most
specimens much smaller
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, gillnets
and longlines
young
Habitat and biology : An inshore shark, found near the bottom or on coral reefs.
in oblong cases. Feeds mainly on molluscs but also on small fishes
Oviparous, eggs are deposited
Interest to fisheries : Quite common, but not particularly abundant. It is used for fishmeal, oil and the fins are
dried for the oriental sharkfin trade
TRIAKIDAE
Loc. names : Mangra, Kari-mangar (Sin);
Chao, Zaid (Bal)
FAO names : En - Houndsharks, smoothhounds
Fr - Requins-hâ , emissoles
Sp - Cazones, musolas
Size : Small sharks, usually smaller than 100 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in bottom trawls, with gillnets
and on line gear
Habitat and biology : Bottom-living sharks, found on the continental shelf, as well as in deeper waters, possibly to
2,200 m depth. Viviparous, feed on small bottom-living invertebrates and small fishes
Interest to fisheries : Not particularly abundant. If caught, used for fishmeal and oil. The fins are dried for the
oriental sharkfin trade
Species of Triakidae
Iago omanensis (Norman, 1939)
Mangra (Sin); Chao (Bal)
Bigeye houndshark
size: to 60 cm
Mustelus mosis Hemprich & Heremberg, 1899
Kari-mangar (Sin); Zaid (Bal)
Arabian smoothhound
size: to 106 cm
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- 131 -
BATOID FISHES
TECHNICAL TERMS AND PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS USED
(Straight-line distances only)
thorns of
median row
spiracle
pelvic fin, anterior lobe
orbit
pelvic fin, posterior lobe
clasper of
males
1st dorsal
fin
2nd dorsal
fin
caudal
fin
lateral tail
fold
lenght of snout,
preorbital
axil of
pectoral
fin
Up p e r s id e o f a t y p ic a l s k a t e
length of disc
lenght of snout,
preoral
anus
width of
disc
nasal
apertures
length of tail
mouth
Lower side of a typical skate
gill slits
The batoid fishes constitute an important part of the commercial catches of Pakistan. Oil is extracted
from the liver of some species and used mainly for smearing boats. They are not consumed as food but used
mainly for fishmeal.
- 132 -
BATOID FISHES
DASYATIDAE
Loc. names : Pittan (Sin); Pittan (Bal)
FAO names : En - Stingrays, whiprays
Fr - Pastenagues
Sp - Rayas latigo
Size : Variable, may reach more than 200 cm
disc width
Fishing gear : Caught with lines, harpoons and
in bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Stingrays are found mainly
in shallow waters, including lagoons, river mouths
and mangrove areas.
Some species enter fresh
waters. All species are ovoviviparous. The spines
present on the tail can be rather dangerous and
can inflict painful wounds which may take a long
time to heal
Interest to fisheries : Not locally consumed, but
the flaps are dried for export or used for fishmeal.
Oil is extracted from the liver but the
quality is said to be rather low. The Handbook of
Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83) reports
annual catches of stingrays ranging from 10 116 t
(1983) to 49 017 t (1982), with an average of
29 600 t
Species of Dasyatidae
Dasyatis kuhlii ( Miller & Henle, 1841)
Pittan (Sin)
Chittipittan, Pittan, Phulano (Bal)
Dasyatis zugei ( Miller & Henle, 1841)
Pittan (Sin); Uthar pittan (Bal)
- 133 -
BATOID FISHES
Species of D a s y a t id a e
Himantura bleekeri (Blyth, 1800)
Pittan (Sin); Uthar pittan, Gore dum (Bal)
size: to more than 100 cm (disc width)
Himantura qerrardi ( Gray, 1851)
Pittan (Sin); Uthar pittan (Bal)
Himantura imbricata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Pittan (Sin); Uthar pittan (Bal)
size: to 25 cm (disc width)
Himantura uarnak (Forsskål, 1775)
Pittan (Sin); Gara; Garamari (Bal)
Himantura walga
( Müller & Henle, 1841)
Pittan (Sin); Uther pittan (Bal)
- 134 -
BATOID FISHES
DASYATIDAE
Species of D a s y a t id a e
Hypolophus sephen (Forsskål, 1775)
Pittan (Sin); Pittan dum (Bal)
Taeniura melanospilos Bleeker, 1853
Pittan (Sin); Pittan, Limpmi garamari (Bal)
Taeniura lymna (Forsskål, 1775)
Pittan (Sin); Pittan (Bal)
Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Pittan (Sin); Pittan (Bal)
- 135 BATOID FISHES
GYMNURIDAE
Loc. names : Pittan (Sin); Pappo (Bal)
FAO names : En - Butterfly rays
Fr - Raies-papillon
Sp - Rayamariposas
Size : Max.: to more than 200 cm disc width
Fishing gear : Caught with lines and in bottom
trawls
Habitat and biology : Usually found on sandy
and muddy bottoms in shallow coastal waters,
including estuaries and river mouths. Ovoviviparous, feed mainly on crustaceans and clams
Interest to fisheries : Not locally consumed,
but dried for export or used for fishmeal
Aetoplatea tentaculata Müller & Henle, 1841
Gymnura poecilura (Shaw, 1804)
MOBULIDAE
Loc. names : Karunj (Sin); Kareenaij (Bal)
FAO names : En - Devil rays, mantas
Fr - Diables de mer, mantes
Sp - Diablitos, mantas
Size : Max.: over 700 cm disc width
Fishing gear : Caught with line gear, harpoons and
i n trawls. Larger specimens known to pull a boat
for several miles when hooked or harpooned
Habitat and biology : Pelagic and highly migratory, swimming at the surface by flapping their large wing-like
pectoral fins and occasionally leaping out of the water.
They are mainly
Usually over the continental shelf.
planktonic feeders, but also feed on small schooling
fishes. Ovoviviparous
Interest to fisheries : Not used for food but mainly for fishmeal. Oil is extracted from the liver and used for
smearing boats
- 136 BATOID FISHES
MOBULIDAE
Species of Mo b u lid a e
u n d e rs id e o f h e a d
u n d e rs id e o f h e a d
Manta species
Mobula diabola *
(Shaw, 1804)
* Mobula japanica (Müller & Henle, 1841) is also likely to occur in Pakistan. It can be distinguished from M.
diabola for the presence of a stinging spine at base of tail
MYLIOBATIDAE
Loc. names : Karunj, Ghido (Sin);
Chombo, Mulla pittan, Golat pittan (Bal)
FAO names : En - Eagle rays
Fr - Aigles de mer
Sp - Aguilas, chuchos
Aetobatus
Aetomylaeus, Myliobatis
arrangement of teeth in upper jaw
Size : Max.: up to 250 cm disc width
Fishing gear : Caught with hook and line, harpoons
and in trawls
Habitat and biology : Quick and active swimmers,
capable of travelling long distances, usually over
the continental shelf.
All species are ovoviviparous and the newly-born closely resemble their
parents. Although often observed leaping out of
the water, they sometimes swim in groups close
to the bottom where they feed on crustaceans and
on hard-shelled molluscs
Interest to fisheries : Although species of this
family are rather common and abundant, they are
not locally used for food, but mainly processed
fishmeal. The oil extracted from the liver is used
for smearing boats
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- 137 -
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BATOID FISHES
Species of My lio b a t id a e
MYLIOBATIDAE
Aetobatus narinari (Blainville, 1816)*
Karunj (Sin); Chombo (Bal)
Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Ghido (Sin); Golat pittan (Bal)
lateral view of head
Aetomylaeus maculatus (Gray, 1834)
Ghido (Sin); Mulla pittan (Bal)
Myliobatis species
* Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) also occurs in Pakistan waters. Like A. narinari has a single series
of teeth in each jaw, but it can be distinguished from this species for having a uniform colour pattern
- 138 BATOID FISHES
NARCINIDAE
Loc. names : Ghido (Sin); Botan (Bal)
FAO names : En - Electric rays
Fr - Trembleurs
Sp - Tembladores
Size : Max.: at least 50 cm total length
Fishing gear : Only occasionally caught as bycatch
Habitat and biology : Mainly in shallow coastal
waters. Electric organs are used to stun the
prey. The electrical discharge can be rather
strong under water, but it cannot be perceived
out of the water
Interest to fisheries : Not often caught
Species of Narcinidae
Narcine timlei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Ghido, Botan
Two additional species occur in Pakistan: Narcine indica Henle, 1834 and N. brunnea Annadale, 1909, which can
be distinguised from N. timlei by having pectoral margins overlapping the anterior part of the pelvic fins and a
plain coloured upper side of disc, respectively
Narke dipteryqia (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms
: Narcine dipteryqia Henle, 1834
Astrape dipterygia Müller & Henle, 1841
Narce dipterygia Chabanaud, 1926
Loc. names : Ghido (Sin); Botan (Bal)
Numb-fish (En)
FAO names : En - Numbray
Fr Sp Size : Max.: at least 30 cm total length
Fishing gear : Only occasionally caught as bycatch
Habitat and biology : In shallow coastal waters. The electric organs present on disc are used to stun the prey
Interest to fisheries : Not often caught
NARKIDAE
- 139 BATOID FISHES
PRISTIDAE
Loc. names : Khari-mangar, Lair, Lairo (Sin)
Suddo, Chaiti (Bal)
FAO names : En - Sawfishes
Fr - Poissons -scie
Sp - Pejesierras
Size : Max.: to more than 500 cm total length
Fishing gear : Frequently caught with longlines
and bottom trawls, mainly as bycatch
Habitat and biology : Mainly in inshore waters, including estuaries and river mouths, as well as in fresh water.
They prefer sandy or muddy bottoms and are rarely found in waters deeper than 10 m.
Ovoviviparous, feed on
various bottom-dwelling organisms and small schooling fishes. The toothed snout is used for feeding purposes and
there have been reports of serious injuries to unlucky bathers
Interest to fisheries : Species of this family are quite common in Pakistan. Their liver oil has a high content of
vitamin A. The saw is reported to be used by some fishermen for religious purposes
Species of P ris t id a e
Anoxypristis cuspidata (Latham, 1794)
Khari-mangar, Lair, Lairo (Sin)
Suddo, Chaiti, Blundo (Jiwani area)(Bal)
Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794
Khari-mangar, Lair, Lairo (Sin)
Suddo, Blundo (Jiwani area)(Bal)
Pristis pristis Linnaeus, 1758
Khari-mangar, Lair, Lairo (Sin)
Suddo, Blundo (Jiwani area)(Bal)
Pristis zisjron Bleeker, 1851
Khari-mangar, Lair, Lairo (Sin)
Suddo, Blundo (Jiwani area)(Bal)
- 140 -
BATOID FISHES
RAJIDAE
FAO names : En - Skates
Fr - Raies
Sp - Rayas
Size : Max.: to more than 200 cm total length
Fishing gear : Not reported to be caught in Pakistan, probably
because of their occurrence in deep waters
Habitat and biology : Most rays occurring in Pakistan are deepwater species (to about 1,500 m depth). One species, Raja
( Okamejei ) powelli Alcock, 1898, is likely to occur on the
deeper part of the continental shelf and upper slope. Oviparous, feed on various bottom-dwelling organisms
Interest to fisheries : Presently not exploited
RHINOBATIDAE
Loc. names : Kair (Sin); Zahro, Palore (Bal)
FAO names : En - Guitarfishes
Fr - Poissons-guitares
Sp - Guitaras
Size : Max.: to more than 200 cm total length
Fishing gear : Caught with line gear, and in
trawls
Habitat and biology : Guitarfishes live on sandy or muddy
bottoms in shallow coastal waters, including brackish and
freshwaters. Feed on various bottom-dwelling invertebrates
Interest to fisheries : Species of this family may be caught in large quantities and together with other batoid
fishes, they constitute a considerable part of the commercial catches
Species of Rhinobatidae
underside of head
Rhinobatos annandalei Norman, 1926
Kair (Sin); Zahro (Bal)
P LATE XXI V, 1 4 2
Rhinobatos qranulatus Cuvier, 1829
Kair (Sin); Zahro (Bal)
- 141 BATOID FISHES
Species of Rhinobatidae
RHINOBATDAE
Rhinobatos halavi (Forsskål, 1775)
Kair (Sin); Palore (Bal)
Rhinobatos thouini (Lacepède, 1798)
Kair (Sin); Palore (Bal)
Rhinoptera j avanica Muller & Henle, 1841
RHINOPTERIDAE
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Kair (Sin); Dolant pittan (Bal)
FAO names : En - Javanese cownose ray
Fr - Mourine javanaise
Sp - Gavilán javanés
Size : Known to reach 150 cm, but possibly
reaching larger sizes
Fishing gear : Caught in shore seines, setnets
and in trawls
Habitat and biology : Gregarious, often occurring in large numbers
Interest to fisheries : Not known
RHYNCHOBATIDAE
Loc. names : Matyabyllia (Sin);
Kobayyadri, Baradri (Bal)
FAO names : En - Wedgefishes
Fr - Poissons-paille
Sp - Peces cuña
Size : Max.: to at least 180 cm
Fishing gear : Caught with line gear and in
trawls
Habitat and biology : Sluggish, bottom-living
fishes, on sandy and muddy bottoms of shallow
coastal waters. Feeds on a wide variety of
bottom-dwelling animals
Interest to fisheries : Although there is no special fishery for these species, they are rather commonly caught and
constitute, together with other batoid fishes, a considerbly part of the commercial catches
- 142 -
BATOID FISHES
Species of Rhynchobatidae
Rhina ancylostoma Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Matyabyllia (Sin)
Kabayyadri, Kohbaradri, Baradri (Bal)
RHYNCHOBATIDAE
PLATE XXIV, 143
Rhynchobatus djeddensis (Forsskål, 1775)
Muchcho (Sin); Khail (Bal)
TORPEDINIDAE
Loc. names : Ghido (Sin); Tikki bhotan (Bal)
FAO names : En - Torpedos
Fr - Torpilles
Sp - Torpedos
Size : Most species less than 100 cm total length
Fishing gear : Caught as bycatch of other fisheries
Habitat and biology : Mainly in shallow, inshore
waters, over soft bottoms, often buried in sand or
mud. Feed on various bottom-living invertebrates
but also on fishes. Two well-developed and powerful electric organs flank the head along its entire
length and are used to stun the prey
Interest to fisheries : Not often caught
Species of Torpedinidae
Torpedo sinuspersici Olfers, 1831
Ghido (Sin)
Tikki bhotan (Bal)
Two additional species have been recorded from Pakistan: Torpedo fuscomaculata Peters, 1855 and T. panther
Olfers, 1831.
They can be distinguished from T. sinuspersici for having 6 or 7 spiracular tentacles and the rear
end of the first dorsal fin base at level of, or anterior to, rear end of pelvic fin bases
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- 143 -
LOBSTERS
TECHNICAL TERMS AND PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS
antennal
peduncle
antennular
flagella
leg 2
leg 1
leg 3
antennular
peduncle
leg 4
fontal horn
antennular
plate
eye
lenght
of
carapace
antennal
flagellum
leg 5
body
lenght
transverse
grooves
abdominal
segments
lenght
of
tail
tail fan
telson
uropods
general shape (dorsal view) of a spiny lobster
(Panulirus sp.Xno rostrum, no pincers)
rostrum
transverse grooves
eye
lateral
rostral
spines
postrostral
spines
antennal
spine
pleura of 2nd
and 3rd segments
cervical
groove
abdominal
appendages
(pleopods)
tail fan
uropods
telson
carapace (dorsal view) of a lobsterette
(Metanephrops sp.)
tail (abdomen) in lateral view
Lobster fisheries are only of moderate importance in Pakistan. Two species, Panulirus polyphagus and P.
ornatus have greatest commercial value.
The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83 reports
annual catches of lobsters ranging from 48 t (1980) to 805 t (1983), with an average of 172 t
- 144 -
LOBSTERS
PALINURIDAE
Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Kikat (Sin); Kikka (Bal)
FAO names : En - Ornate spiny lobster
Fr - Langouste ornée
Sp - Langosta ornamentada
a n t e n n u la r p la t e
Size : Max.: 50 cm body length; common to
30 cm
Fishing gear : Caught in beach seines and bottom trawls
Habitat and biology : Inhabits shallow coastal
waters from 1 to 8 m depth, including river
mouths and coral reefs, on various types of
bottoms. Lives solitary or in pairs
Panulirus polyphagus (Herbst, 1793)
Synonyms
: Panulirus fasciatus (Fabricius, 1798)
Loc. names : Kikat (Sin); Kikka (Bal)
FAO names : En - Mud spiny lobster
Fr - Langouste de vase
Sp - Langosta fanguera
Size : Max.: 37 cm body length; common to
25 cm
Fishing gear : Caught mainly in bottom trawls
and in beach seines
Habitat and biology : Found on muddy bottoms, in turbid waters, often close to river
mouths. Reported in depths from 3 to 90 m.
This species is the most common lobster in
Pakistan waters
a n t e n n u la r p la t e
- 145 -
LOBSTERS
PALINURIDAE
Panulirus versicolor (Latreille, 1804)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Kikat (Sin); Kikka (Bal)
FAO names : En - Painted spiny lobster
Fr - Langouste barriolée
Sp - Langosta colorete
Size : Max.: about 40 cm body length; common
to 30 cm
Fishing gear : Only
accidentally
bycatch of other fisheries
caught
as
Habitat and biology : Found in shallow waters,
to about 15 m depth in areas with clear,
strong-flowing waters. A nocturnal and gregarious species, during daytime hides in deep
caverns and cavities in the rocks
Puerulus sewelli Ramadan, 1938
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Kikat (Sin);
Kikka, Khadda kikka (Bal)
FAO names : En - Whip lobster
Fr - Langouste fouet
Sp - Langosta de fusta
Size : Max.: about 20 cm body length
Fishing gear : Only taken by deepsea trawls
Habitat and biology : Known
to
occur in
depths between 180 and 1,300 m depth, but
most common between 180 and 300 m, on
coarse sand, mud or shell bottoms
- 146 -
LOBSTERS
SCYLLARIDAE
Thenus orientalis (Lund, 1793)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Kikat (Sin); Kikka (Bal)
FAO names : En - Flathead locust lobster
Fr - Cigale raquette
Sp - Cigarro chato
Size : Max.: about 25 cm body length
Fishing gear : Taken accidentally in bottom
trawls
Habitat and biology : Found on sandy or muddy
bottoms between 8 and 70 m depth, usually
between 10 and 50
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- 147 -
SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
TECHNICAL TERMS
longitudinal suture
antennal flagellum
transverse suture
flagella
rostrum
carapace
1 to 6 abdominal
segments (or somites)
antennula
dorsal
crest
antenna
telson
pleopods
uropod
pereopods
or legs
rostrum
rostral teeth
apical
portion
(tip)
orbital margin
postorbital spine
epigastric (or 1st
rostral) tooth
suprahepatic spin
cervical groove
hepatic spine
antennal crest
orbito -antennal
groove
epatic crest
gastrofrontal crest
gastrofrontal groove
gastro-orbital crest
carapace (lateral view)
median groove
postrostral crest
adrostral groove
adrostral crest
non-grooved
carapace
carapace (dorsal view)
spines
fixed
spines
movable
types of spined telsons
tail
fan
- 148 SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
PENAEIDAE
FAO names : En - Penaeid shrimps, pennies prawns
Fr - Crevettes, crevettes chamois, crevettes royales
Sp - Camarones peneiedo s, gambas
Size : Max.: to more than 30 cm total length,
but most species much smaller
Fishing gear : Various kinds of seines, stakenets and castnets, used in shallow waters, and
trawlers in offshore waters
Habitat and biology : Benthic, living on a large variety of bottoms such as rock, mud, sand, etc. In the genus
Penaeus spawning takes place offshore, at depths between 10 and 80 m. Females bear sperm sacs attached to
the thelycum (genital modification between the last pair of walking legs) which are used when the eggs are shed.
After fertilization, the eggs hatch in a few hours. The planktonic larvae are carried by currents toward the shore
where they arrive after about 3 weeks, at a size of 6 to 14 mm. Further development to the adult stage takes
place in brackish waters, river mouths, creeks, mangrove areas and the cycle is completed with migration to
offshore waters for spawning.
Interest to fisheries : This family contains the greatest number of commercially important species of shrimps in
The fishery is carried out in shallow waters from October to March, while in
Pakistan, as well as worldwide.
July, August and September shrimps and prawns are caught in creeks and backwaters.
Most of the catches are
frozen for export to the USA and European markets. The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of Pakistan (1973-83)
reports catches of peneid shrimps and prawns ranging from 15 829 t (1974) to 30 000 t (1981), with an average of
22 285 t
Metapenaeus affinis (H.Milne Edwards, 1837)
Synonyms
: Metapenaeus mutatus (Lanchester, 1901)
Metapenaeus alcocki George & Rao, 1968
Loc. names : Kalri (Sin); Kalri, Madak (Bal)
FAO names : En - Jinga shrimp
Fr - Crevette jinga
Sp - Camarón jinga
Size : 15 cm (males) and 19 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught with shrimp trawls offshore, and seines, stakenets and other types of
artisanal gear in shallow inshore waters
Habitat and biology : From the coastline to
about 60 m depth (sometimes deeper) on mud
and sandy-mud bottoms. Juveniles inhabit
estuarine areas and backwaters
petasma,
ventral view
thelycum
- 149 -
SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
PENAEIDAE
Metapenaeus brevicornis (H.Milne Edwards, 1837)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Jaira (Sin); Jaira, Lassa (Bal)
FAO names : En - Yellow shrimp
Fr - Crevette jaune.
Sp - Camarón amarillo
Size : 10 cm (males) and 13 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught with stakenets, traps,
castnets and other types of artisanal gear; also
in trawls
Habitat and biology : A marine to almost freshwater species, on sandy or muddy bottoms to
about 40 m depth, but also reported in depths of
Juveniles are found in estuaries, creeks
90 m.
and backwaters
petasma,
ventral view
Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius, 1798)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Kalri (Sin); Kalri (Bal)
FAO names : En - Speckled shrimp
Fr - Crevette mouchetée
Sp - Camarón moteado
Size : 15 cm (males) and 20 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught with shrimp trawls in
offshore waters, and seines, stakenets, castnets and other types of artisanal gear in
inshore and nearshore waters
Habitat and biology : From the coastline to
70 m depth, but also reported from 170 m
depth, on sandy, mud or silt bottoms. Juveniles inhabit estuaries, backwaters and inshore
waters. Breeds in deeper waters off Karachi
and Somniani Bay, during winter and spring
(February to May)
thelycum
- 150 SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
PENAEIDAE
Metapenaeus stebbingi Nobili, 1904
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Kalri (Sin); Kalri (Bal)
FAO names : En - Peregrine shrimp
Fr - Crevette fauçon
Sp - Camarón peregrino
Size : 11 cm (males) and 14 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught in trawls in deeper
waters, and with seines, stakenets, castnets
and other types of artisanal gear in shallow,
i nshore waters
Habitat and biology : Found from the shore to
about 90 m depth on sandy or muddy bottoms.
Juveniles are found nearshore
telson
Parapenaeopsis hardwickii ( Miers, 1878)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Kiddi (Sin); Kalri (Bal)
FAO names : En - Spear shrimp
Fr - Crevette javelot
Sp - Camarón lanzón
Size : 11 cm (males) and 14 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught in trawls, stakenets,
seines and other types of artisanal gear
Habitat and biology : From the coastline to
about 90 m depth, on mud, sandy-mud or sandy
bottoms
merus of fifth
pereopod (male)
petasma,
ventral view
thelycum
- 151 SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
PENAEIDAE
Parapenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller, 1862)
Synonyms
: Parapenaeopsis affinis sensu Hall, 1962
rostrum in large males
Loc. names : Kiddi (Sin); Kalri (Bal)
Tiger shrimp (English)
FAO names : En - Rainbow shrimp
Fr - Crevette arc-en-ciel
Sp - Camarón arco iris
Size : 11 cm (males) and 17 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught
and in trawls
with stakenets, seines
Habitat and biology : In shallow waters, from
the coastline to 40 m depth on sandy, mud or
mixed bottoms
Parapenaeopsis stylifera (H.Milne Edwards, 1837)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Kiddi (Sin); Kiddi, Madak (Bal)
FAO names : En - Kiddi shrimp
Fr - Crevette kidi
Sp - Camarón kidi
Size : 12 cm (males) and 15 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught with seines, stakenets
and in trawls
Habitat and biology : Most common from the
coastline to 50 m depth, but also occurring to
90 m depth, on mud or sandy-mud bottoms.
The entire life cycle takes place at sea.
Breeding occurs in February and March
telson
petasma,
ventral view
- 152 -
SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
PENAEIDAE
Panaeus ( Melicertus) canaliculatus (Oliver, 1811)
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Kalri (Sin); Madak (Bal)
FAO names : En - Witch prawn
Fr - Crevette sorcière
Sp - Camarón brujo
Size : 15 cm (males) and 18 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught with stakenets and bagnets, possibly also in trawls
Habitat and biology : From the coastline to
about 50 m depth, also in estuaries and backwaters
Penaeus ( Marsupenaeus ) japonicus Bate, 1888
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Kalri (Sin);
Kalri, Pata patti ( Kalmat area) (Bal)
FAO names : En - Kuruma shrimp
Fr - Crevette kuruma
Sp - Camarón kuruma
Size : 20 cm (males) and 24 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught in trawls, driftnets and
stakenets
Habitat and biology : From the coastline to
about 50m depth on sandy bottoms.
Adults
bury in the substrate during daytime
- 153 -
SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus ) indicus H.Milne Edwards, 1837
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Jaira (Sin); Jaira (Bal)
FAO names : En - Indian white shrimp
Fr - Crevette royale blanche (des Indes)
Sp - Camarón bianco de la India
Size : 18 cm (males) and 23 cm (females) maximum total length
Habitat and biology : Found from the coastline
to about 90 m depth but most common to
30 m, over sandy or mud bottoms
Penaeus ( Fenneropenaeus ) marguiensis De Man, 1888
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Jaira (Sin); Jaira (Bal)
FAO names : En - Banana shrimp
Fr - Crevette banane
Sp - Camarón banana
Size : 20 cm (males) and 24 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught mainly in trawls, shrimp
driftnets, set gillnets, stakenets, seines, scoopnets and other types of artisanal gear
Habitat and biology : Found from the coastline
to about 50 m depth, but most abundant to
20 m, on sandy and sandy-mud bottoms. Prefers turbid waters. This species together with
P. penicillatus is by far the most important in
Pakistan. Breeding occurs in deeper waters
from December to April
PENAEIDAE
- 15 4 -
SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
Penaeus ( Penaeus) monodon Fabricius , 1798
Synonyms
: Penaeus bubulus Kubo , 1949
Loc. names : Kalri (Sin); Tiger madak, Kalri (Bal)
Tiger shrimp (En)
FAO names : En - Giant tiger shrimp
Fr - Crevette géante tigrée
Sp - Camarón tigre gigante
Size : 27 cm (males) and 34 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught with trawls, seines, stakenets, traps, etc.
Habitat and biology : From the coastline to
about 150 m depth, occasionally in deeper
waters.
Large concentrations are found at
about 60 m, on mud or sand. Juveniles in
mangrove swamps, estuaries and backwaters
Penaeus ( Fenneropenaeus ) penicillatus Alcock, 1905
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Jaira (Sin); Jaira (Bal)
FAO names : En - Red tail prawn
Fr - Crevette queue rouge
Sp - Camarón colorado
Size : 16 cm (males) and 21 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught with trawls and seines
(adults) and scoopnets and other artisanal gear
(juveniles and subadults )
Habitat and biology : Found from the coastline
to 90 m depth, but most abundant in shallow
waters near the shore, on sandy and mud
bottoms. Breeding occurs in October to May
PENAEIDAE
- 155 -
SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
PENAEIDAE
Penaeus ( Penaeus) semisulcatus DeHaan, 1844
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Kalri (Sin); Jaira (Bal)
FAO names : En - Green tiger prawn
Fr - Crevette tigrée verte
Sp - Camarón tigre verde
Size : 18 cm (males) and 23 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught with trawls and driftand other types of
nets, seines, stakenets
artisanal gear
Habitat and biology : Found from the coastline
to about 130 m depth, but most abundant to
60 m depth on mud, sandy-mud or sandy-grit
bottoms. Buries in the substrate during daytime. Breeding occurs in January to May
SOLENOCERIDAE
Solenocera crassicornis (H.Milne Edwards, 1837)
Synonyms : Solenocera indica Nataraj, 1945
Solenocera subnuda Kilo, 1949
Loc. names : Kalri (Sin); Madak (Bal)
FAO names : En - Coastal mud shrimp
Fr - Salicoque des vases côtières
Sp - Camarón fanguero de orilla
Size : 9 cm (males) and 14 cm (females) maximum total length
Fishing gear : Caught with trawls, stakenets
and seines
Habitat and biology : Found from the coastline
to about 80 m depth, but most common to
20 m depth on muddy bottoms
telson
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- 157 -
TRUE CRABS
TECHNICAL TERMS
hand
palm
dactyl
1
antennule
eye
rostrum
antenna
2
walking
legs 1 to 4
lateral spine
carapace
abdomen
3
dorsal view
4
telson
thoracic
sternites
abdomen of male
abdomen of female
ventral view
Crabs are not exploited in Pakistan at present because of the low demand. Some species, however, have a high
nutritional value and seem to be abundant enough to have a potential commercial value
- 158 CRABS
PORTUNIDAE
Charybdis feriata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Charybdis cruciata (Herbst, 1794)
Loc. names : Kekra (Sin); Kukri (Bal)
FAO names : En - Coral crab
Fr - Crabe corail
Sp - Cangrejo de coral
Size : Max.: to 16 cm carapace width
Fishing gear : Caught accidentally in bottom
trawls
Habitat and biology : Found in waters from 5
to 15 m depth, over sandy or muddy bottoms,
but also in deeper waters, on hard bottoms
Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
: Neptunus pelagicus (Linnaeus , 1758)
Loc. names : Kekra (Sin); Kukri, Googoo tanga (Bal)
FAO names : En - Blue swimming crab
Fr -. Etrille bleue
SP - Jaiba azul
Size : Max.: almost to 20 cm carapace width
Fishing gear : No special fishery, only occasionally caught by hand, in the littoral zone, or
by hook and line and nets in deeper waters
Habitat and biology : A coastal marine species (in waters to about 40 m depth) also found in brackish waters,
estuaries and lagoons. Mainly pelagic, swims close to the bottom hiding in the sand in case of danger. Usually
found on sandy or sandy-mud bottoms.
The largest specimens are usually in deeper waters. Sexual maturity is
attained at about 11 cm carapace width in females, at 10 cm in males. Males seem to attain a larger size than
the females. There is a strong sexual dimorphism, the males having much longer chelipeds and first pair of
walking legs, and bright blue carapace and legs, while the females are more drably coloured. Carnivorous, feeds
on various fishes and invertebrates.
Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1796)
Synonyms
None
Loc. names : Kekra (Sin);
Kukri, Googoo tanga (Bal)
FAO names : En - Redspot swimming crab
Fr - Etrille tache rouge
SP - Jaiba colorete
Size : Max.: to 18 cm carapace width
Fishing gear : No special fishery, only occasionally caught by hand, in shallow waters, or
as bycatch in gillnets and trawls in deeper
waters
Habitat and biology : A marine species, inhabiting waters from 3 to 30 m depth, over sandy or sandy-mud
bottoms. Also found in brackish waters.
Swims to the surface at night. Reproduction seems to take place,
quite irregularly, all year long. Feeds on fishes and various invertebrates
- 159 -
CRABS
PORTUNIDAE
Scylla serrata (Forsskål , 1775)
Synonyms : None
Loc. names : Khakua (Sin); Kukri (Bal)
FAO names : En - Indo-Pacific swamp crab
Fr - Crabe des palétuviers
Sp - Cangrejo de manglares
Size : Max.: 20 cm carapace width
Fishing gear : No special fishery, occasionally
caught by hand or with hooks
Habitat and biology : A coastal marine species, also living in brackish waters, estuaries, mangrove areas and even
in fresh water. Spawning takes place at sea in inshore waters.
The females are usually smaller than the males
and shed about 2 million eggs. The juveniles migrate into river mouths and swim upstream searching for food and
shelter. This species lives in holes excavated in muddy or sandy-mud bottoms. Feeds on shrimp, small fishes,
molluscs and small crabs. It has also been observed feeding on carrion, seaweeds and small fragments of wood
Other species of Crabs
all Kekra (Sin); Kukri (Bal)
Charybdis callianassa ( Herbst, 1789)
(Family: PORTUNIDAE)
Mutula lunaris (Forsskål, 1775)
Family: CALAPPIDAE)
Matuta planipes Fabricius
Family: CALAPPIDAE)
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- 161 -
CEPHALOPODS
TECHNICAL TERMS AND PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS
1
suckers
2
3
4
arms
tentacle
carpus
(fixing
apparaus)
funnel groove
funnel
head
manus
funnel-mantle fusion
funnel locking cartilage
mantle locking cartilage
mantle
dactylus
photophores
fin
lamellae
modified
portion
fin lenght
tail
mantle lenght
normal suckers
a composite diagram illustrating
basic squid (teuthoid) features
ventral view
example of hectocotylized
arm in male (lllex)
arm I (dorsal)
Although cuttlefishes, squids and octopuses are rather common in Pakistan waters, they are not commercially
exploited and they occur in the catches as bycatch of other fisheries.
The Handbook of Fisheries Statistics of
Pakistan (1973-83) reports annual catches ranging from 49 t (1982) to 152 t (1983)
- 162 CEPHALOPODS
tentacular
club
4
3
2
medial suckers
( moderately
enlarged)
stalk
1
hectocotylus
tentacular club
mantle
funnel
fin
modified portion
spine
diagram of basic cuttlefish features
(ventral view)
hectocotylus
mantle length
eye
dorsal
mantle
suckers
`
funnel
ventral
total length
diagram of basic octopus features (lateral view)
- 163 CEPHALOPODS
Loligo duvauceli Orbigny, 1848
Synonyms : Loligo oshimai Sasaki, 1929
Loligo indica Pfeffer, 1884
Loc. names : Mayya (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - Indian squid
Fr - Calmar indien
Sp - Calamar indico
Size : Max.: 29 cm mantle length
Fishing gear : No special fishery, taken as bycatch of
other fisheries
Habitat and biology : A neritic species, living in waters
between 30 and 170 m depth. Forms large aggregations
during the spawning season. Spawning takes place
throughout the year, but peaks are recorded when the
water temperature increases. The smallest sexually
mature individuals are about one year old. Feeds on
crustaceans, fishes and squids
Sepioteuthis lessoniana Lesson, 1830
Synonyms
: Sepioteuthis sieboldi Joubin, 1898
Sepioteuthis malayana Wülker, 1913
Sepioteuthis krempfi Robson, 1928
Loc. names : Mayya (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - Bigfin reef squid
Fr - Calmar tonnelet
Sp - Calamar manopla
Size : Max.: 36 cm dorsal mantle length
Fishing gear : No special fishery, caught as bycatch
of other fisheries
Habitat and biology : A neritic species, found from
the surface to about 100 m depth. Finger-shaped
egg capsules are attached to twigs, rocks, seaweeds,
etc., in coastal waters. Sexual maturity is attained
at the age of 10 to 14 months in males and from 12
to 17 months in females. Feeds primarily on shrimps
and fishes
LOLIGINIDAE
- 164 CEPHALOPODS
OCTOPODIDAE
Octopus aegina Gray, 1849
Synonyms : Octopus kagoshimensis Ortmann, 1888
Loc. names : Hasht-pa (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - Sandbird octopus
Fr - Poulpe des sables
Sp - Pulpo reticulado
Size : Max.: 30 cm total length
Fishing gear : No special fishery, caught as bycatch
of other fisheries
Habitat and biology : A bottom-living species, found
on the continental shelf from 30 to 120 m depth
dorsal view
tip of hectocotylized
right arm III of male
Octopus cyaneus Gray, 1849
Synonyms : Octopus marmoratus Hoyle, 1885
Octopus horsti Joubin, 1898
Loc. names : Hasht-pa (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - Big blue octopus
Fr - Gros poulpe bleu
Sp - Pulpo azulón
Size : Max.: 120 cm total length
Fishing gear : No special fishery, caught as bycatch
of other fisheries
Habitat and biology : A bottom-living species, found
i n shallow coastal waters.
Unlike other octopuses,
this species is active during daytime
dorsal view
lateral view
of body and head
tip of hectocotylized
right arm III of male
- 165 CEPHALOPODS
OCTOPODIDAE
Octopus macropus Risso, 1826
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Hasht-pa (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - White-spotted octopus
Fr - Poulpe tacheté
Sp - Pulpo manchado
Size : Max.: 150 cm total length
Fishing gear : No special fishery, caught accidentally as bycatch
Habitat and biology : A bottom-dwelling, shallowwater species, with a lifespan of about 1 year.
Feeds on crustaceans, molluscs and fishes
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Hasht-pa (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - Common octopus
Fr - Pieuvre
Sp - Pulpo común
Size : Max.: 130 cm total length
Fishing gear : No special fishery, only accidentally
caught as bycatch
habitats,
various
Habitat and biology : Lives on
from the coastline to the edge of the continental
shelf. Eggs are deposited in the form of strings in
crevices and holes in shallow-water areas. Feeds on
bivalves and crustaceans
dorsal view
- 166 CEPHALOPODS
OCTOPODIDAE
Octopus membranaceus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832
Synonyms
: Octopus ocellatus Gray, 1849
Loc. names : Hasht-pa (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - Webfoot octopus
Fr - Poulpe à quatre yeux
Sp - Pulpo membranoso
Size : Max.: 30 cm total length
Fishing gear : No special fishery, accidentally caught
as bycatch
Habitat and biology : A
bottom-living,
shallowwater species, occurring in depths of about 60 m.
Hides in holes on flat bottoms
dorsal view
Cistopus indicus (Orbigny, 1840)
Synonyms
: Octopus indicus Orbigny, 1840
Cistopus bursarius Steenstrup in Hoyle, 1886
Loc. names : Hasht-pa (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - Old woman octopus
Fr - Poulpe vieille femme
Sp - Pulpo perforado
Size : Max.: 60 cm total length
Fishing gear : No special fishery, only accidentally
caught as bycatch
Habitat and biology : A benthic species, occurring
on soft bottoms to about 50 m depth
dorsal view
- 167 CEPHALOPODS
SEPIIDAE
Sepia latimanus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832
Synonyms : Sepia rappiana Ferussac, 1835
Sepia mozambica Rochebrune, 1884
Sepia hercules Pilsbry, 1894
Loc. names : Mayya (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - Broadclub cuttlefish
Fr - Seiche grandes mains
Sp - Sepia mazuda
Size : Max.: 50 cm mantle length
Fishing gear : No special fishery, caught as bycatch
of other fisheries
Habitat and biology : A shallow-water species, inhabiting waters to 30 m depth
dorsal view
Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831
Synonyms
: Sepia rouxi Orbigny, 1841
Sepia formosana Berry, 1912
Sepia tigris Sasaki, 1929
Loc. names : Mayya (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - Pharaoh cuttlefish
Fr - Seiche pharaon
Sp - Sepia faraonica
Size : Max.: 43 cm mantle length
Fishing gear : No special fishery, caught as bycatch
in trawls
Habitat and biology : A demersal species, occurring
from the coastline to about 110 m depth. Spawning
takes place in very shallow waters, where the eggs
are attached in clusters to plants, shells, etc.
Longevity is estimated at about 2 years. Feeds on
crustaceans and small fishes
dorsal view
- 168 CEPHALOPODS
SEPIIDAE
Sepia prashadi Winckworth, 1936
Synonyms
: None
Loc. names : Mayya (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - Hooded cuttlefish
Fr - Seiche capuchon
Sp - Sepia caperuza
Size : Max.: 14 cm mantle length
tentacular club
Fishing gear : No special fishery, taken as bycatch of
other fisheries
Habitat and biology : A bottom-living species, found from
the coastline to about 40 m depth
dorsal view
Sepiella inermis Orbigny, 1848
Synonyms
: Sepia (Sepiella) microcheirus Gray, 1849
Sepia affinis Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852
Sepiella maindroni Rochebrune, 1884
Loc. names : Makul (Sin); Mus (Bal)
FAO names : En - Spineless cuttlefish
Fr - Sépia inerme
Sp - Sepia inerme
tentacular club
Size : Max.: 13 cm mantle length
Fishing gear : No special fishery, caught as bycatch
Habitat and biology : A bottom-living, shallowwater species found to depths of 40 m. Capsules
containing eggs are attached to various substrates
i n shallow waters. Feeds on small dermersal
fishes, crustaceans and other cephalopods
dorsal view
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INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC AND VERNACULAR NAMES
EXPLANATION OF THE SYSTEM
Type faces used:
Italics
: Valid scientific names (genera and species)
: Synonyms (preceded by an asterisk)
ROMAN (caps) : Family names
Roman
: International (FAO) species names
: Local names
41
- 171 -
PAGE
A
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Aal
Aalore
Aangh
Abalistes stellaris
Abalistes stellatus
Ablennes hians
Abu mullet
abu, Liza
Acanthocybium solandri
Acanthopagrus berda
Acanthopagrus bifasciatus
Acanthopagrus cuvieri
Acanthopagrus latus
Achopitho
Achopito
acuta, Dussumieria
acutidens, Negaprion
acutus, Rhizoprionodon
acutus, Scoliodon
Adhi kuli
aegina, Octopus
aeneus, Sciaena
Aetobatus flagellum
Aetobatus narinari
Aetomylaeus maculatus
Aetomylaeus nichofii
Aetoplatea tentaculata
affinis, Caranx
affinis, Euthynnus
affinis, Metapenaeus
affinis, Sepia
African flyingfish
African pompano
africanus, Psenes
africanus, Trachinotus
afuerae, Decapterus
Aguilas
Aguja negra
Agu jetas
Agujon needlefish
Agujones
Ahore
Aigles de mer
Aiguillettes
Ailerons
ajax, Carangoides
akame, Liza
aibacares, Thunnus
albacora, Neothunnus
Albacore
Albacores
albella, Sardinella
Albula vulpes
ALBULIDAE
alcocki, Metapenaeus
Alectis ciliaris
Alectis crinitus
Alectis indicus
Alepes djedaba
Alepes glabra
49
27
38
115
115
27
91
91
100
75
75
77
75
107
108
5
122
123
123
36-37
164
85
137
137
137
137
135
42
101
148
168
25
40,51
109
51
46
136
106
26
28
27
100-101,104
136
27
107
40
92
103
103
103
100
7
3
3
148
40
40
40
40
41
PAGE
* Alepes macrurus
* Alepes malam
Alepes melanoptera
Alepes vari
Alice franche
Alice taches d'or
Al ices
Aloola
Alopias pelagicus
Alopias superciliosus
ALOPIIDAE
Alosa à gros yeux
Alose blanche
Alose chaconde
Alose i ndienne
Alose palli
Alose paluva
Alose toli
Alose -écaille indienne
Aloses
* altifrontalis, Lutjanus
* altissimus, Carangoides
Alutera monoceros
Alwandi
* amarulus, Mugil
Amberjacks
* amblycephala, Umbrina
* amblycephalus, Johnius
amblyrhynchoides, Carcharhinus
amblyrhynchos, Carcharhinus
amboinensis , Carcharhinus
Amlooshk
Amoy croaker
amoyensis, Argyrosomus
* amoyensis, Pseudosciaena
Amrusk
* anas, Rhonciscus
Anchoa granadera
plebeya
Anchoa granadera dorada
Anchoas
Anchois
Anchois bombra
Anchois indien
Anchois-moustache
Anchois-moustache
cristal
Anchois-moustache
malabar
Anchois-moustache
mamata
Anchois-moustache
sardelle
Anchois-moustache cornu
* Anchoviella commersonii
* Anchoviella indica
Anchovies
ancylostoma, Rhina
Andhi-mangar
aneus, Johnieops
* aneus, Johnius (Johnieops)
Angelfishes
angustirostris, Tetrapturus
Anjara
annandalei , Rhinobatos
41
41
41
41
12
11
11
70
118
118
118
6
5
4
6
5
10
11
7
4
59
42
115
128
94
39
81
81
120
120
120
53
78
78
78
53
71
12
11
11
11
12
12
11
14
13
13
13
14
12
12
11
142
127
79
79
90
106
91,95
140
- 172 PAGE
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Annandales guitarfish
Anodontostoma chacunda
Anolis
Anoxypristis cuspidata
anpinensis, Mugil
antarctica, Sciaena
Aphareus furcatus
Apolectus niger
Aprion virescens
Arabian monocle bream
Arabian scad
Arabian smooth hound
arabicus, Muraenesox
arcticus, Galeocerdo
arel, Cynoglossus
Arencones
Arenques
Arenquillo de banda
Arenquillo fino
Arenquillo tardore
argenteus, Otolithes
argenteus, Otolithus
argenteus, Pampus
argenteus, Pomadasys
argentimaculatus, Lutjanus
argentivittatus, Thynnus
arge, Upeneus
argus, Scatophagus
argyreus, Pomadasys
Argyrops spinifer
Argyrosomus amoyensis
Argyrosomus bleekeri
Argyrosomus hololepidotus
ARIIDAE
Arioma indica
Ariomma indica
Ariomme indienne
ARIOMMIDAE
Arius arius
Arius caelatus
Arius crossocheilus
Arius dussumieri
Arius falcarius
Arius maculatus
Arius platystomus
Arius sagor
Arius serratus
Arius sona
Arius subrostratus
Arius sumatranus
Arius tenuispinis
Arius thalassinus
arius, Arius
Arrow-headed shark
arsius, Pseudorhombus
Asp
asperrimus, Urogymnus
aspinosa, Parascolopsis
Astrape dipterygia
Atelomycterus marmoratus
atropos, Atropus
Atropus atropos
Atule djedaba
Atule mate
Atun tongol
140
4
23
139
92
78,85
62
48
62
67
52
129
16
120
112
14
4
10
9
7
84
84
108
70
59
103
87
90
70
76
78
78
78
18-22
109
109
109
109
20
20
20
20
18
18
19
21
19
21
21
21
19
19
20
128
110
105-107
134
65
138
127
41
41
40
42
104
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Atunes
audax, Makaira
audax, Tetrapturus
auriflamma, Mulloides
australis, Corvina
Authistes puta
Auxide
Auxis hira
Auxis tapeinosoma
Auxis thazard
axillaris, Corvina
axillaris, Dhoma
axillaris, Kathala
axillaris, Mugil
axillaris, Pseudosciaena
axillaris, Sciaena
axillaris, Wak
100
106
106
86
80
37
101
101
101
101
82
82
82
94
82
82
82
B
Bacoreta oriental
Bacoretas
Baddi
Badli
Baga delagoa
Baga elegante
Baga japonesa
Baga tolu
Bagas
Bagga
bagio, Muraenesox
Bagre aqujilla
Bagre manchado
Bagre pato
Bagre soldado
Bagre titan
Bagres
baillonii, Trachinotus
bajad, Carangoides
Bakko
Bakoi
Balibots
Baliste étoilé
BALISTIDAE
Bam
Bamboas
Banana shrimp
Banane l èvre ronde
Banded grouper
Banded grunt
Banded grunter
Banded monocle bream
Banded needlefish
Banded reef cod
Banded scad
Banded-cheek reefcod
Bangai
Bangra
101
100
83-84
95
65
65
65
66
64
3
17
19
18
19
22
19
18
51
44
46
40,50
22
115
115
15-17,22
125
153
3
33
71
71
67
27
32
46
34
18
39-48,102
- 173 -
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
Bangri
Bans-patta
Banzali
Baradri
Baran
Baraonga aurora
Baraonga jarbua
Baraonga ronco
Baraonga tigre
Baraongas
Barbel flyingfish
barberinus, Parupeneus
Barbudos
Barbures
Barcheek trevally
Bargai
Barge lampiño
Bargore warook
Barkal
Barkali
Barracuda
Barracuda jello
Barracudas
barracuda, Sphyraena
Barrag
Barramundi
Barred Spanish mackerel
Bartail flathead
Basali
Bassetina hullianus
Batali
Batfish
Batrachocephalus mino
Bearded croaker
Beardless sea catfish
Bécune chevron née
Bécune de Forster
Bécune obtuse
Bécunes
Bee-chum
Belanger's croaker
belangerii, Johnius
belengeri, Sciaena
BELONIDAE
Bengal snapper
bengalensis, Lutjanus
Berber ponyfish
berbes, Leiognathus
berda, Acanthopagrus
berda, Mylio
Besugato liso
Besugatos
Bhambol pishik
Bhambor
Bhangan
Bheel -alari
Bhola
Bholari-tont
biaculeatus, Triacanthus
biauritus, Otolithoides
bifasciatus, Acanthopagrus
bifasciatus, Mylio
bifasciatus, Parupeneus
bifasciatus, Sparus
Big blue octopus
28
111
40
141-142
127
36
36
37
37
36
25
88
97
97
44
20-21
22
121
119
117,119,121
95-97
96
95
95
5
31
102
30
10
52
104
89
22
81
22
97
96
96
95
5-7,9
80
80
80
27-28
63
63
55
55
75
75
66
64
124
37
93
29
78,84
80
116
84
75
75
88
75
164
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Big-eyed herring
Bigeye barracuda
Bigeye croaker
Bigeye houndshark
Bigeye ilisha
Bigeye scad
Bigeye snapper
Bigeye thresher
Bigeye trevally
Bigeye tuna
Bigfin reef squid
bilineata, Paraplagusia
bilineatus, Cynoglossus
Billi
bimaculatus, Scolopsis
bindus, Leiognathus
bipinnulata, Elagatis
bipunctatus, Nemipterus
bispinosa, Lepidotrigla
Black and white snapper
Black bream
Black kingfish
Black marlin
Black pomfret
Black shark
Black sweetlip
Black-banded jewfish
Black-spot jewfish
Blackbanded kingfish
Blackbanded trevally
Blackbarred halfbeak
Blackfin scad
Blackspot snapper
Blackspot threadfin
Blacktail snapper
Blacktip reef shark
Blacktip sardinella
Blacktip sea catfish
Blacktip shark
Blacktipped leather
skin
Blanche à pagaies
Blanche armée
Blanche commune
Blanche fil
Blanches
Bleeker's reef cod
bleekeri, Argyrosomus
bleekeri, Carcharhinus
bleekeri, Epinephelus
bleekeri, Himantura
bleekeri, Nemipterus
bleekeri, Sciaena
bleekeri, Sphyraena
Blepharis crinitus
Bloch's dart
Bloch's gizzard-shad
blochii, Eusphyra
blochii, Sphyrna
blochii, Trachinotus
blochi, Leiognathus
Blotched croaker
Blotched grunter
Blubberlip snapper
Bludger
7
96
85
129
6
50
60
118
46
104
163
114
113
129
66
55
47
65
29
64
75
38
106
48
119
68
83
82
50
50
27
41
59
98
63
119
9
20
121
49
58
58
57
57
57
31
78
119
31
133
65
78
97
'40
51
6
128
128
51
55
83
70
61
43
- 174 PAGE
PAGE
Blue and yellow grouper
Blue and yellow reef
cod
Blue spotted stingray
Blue swimming crab
Blue trevally
Blue-banded eagle ray
Blue-lined snapper
Blue-spot mullet
Blue-sprat
Bluecheek silver grunt
Bluefin jack
Bluefin trevally
Bluefin tuna
Blueline snapper
Bluespot grey mullet
Blundo
Bluntnose lizardfish
* Blythsciaena dussumieri
Bocarte bolinado
Bocarte cristal
Bocarte de cuernos
Bocarte dompilón
Bocarte malabarico
Bocartes
boesemani, Parascolopsis
bohar, Lutjanus
Boi
Bombache bronzeado
Bombache tigre
Bombache tigre mayor
Bombaches
Bombala
Bombay duck
Bombil
Bonite à ventre rayè
Bonites
Bonito
Bonitos
Bonitous
Bony flyingfish
Boquerón bombra
Boquerón i ndio
Boquerones
* borneensis, Mugil
Boro
Botan
BOTHIDAE
Bothus pantherinus
Bourrugue chèvre
Bourse loulou
Bowmouth wedgefish
* brachysoma, llisha
Bregmacero manchado
Bregmaceros macclellandi
BREGMACEROTIDAE
brevicornis, Metapenaeus
brevirostris, Leiognathus
Brindle grouper
Broadbill swordfish
Broadclub cuttlefish
Broadfin shark
Bronze croaker
Brown pomfret
Brown tonguesole
33
33
132
158
43
137
61
94
10
70
45
45
104
63
94
139
24
81
13
14
14
13
13
11
66
62
91-95
84
83
84
78
23-24
24
24
101
100
101
100
100
26
12
12
11
92
78,82-83,85
138
109-110
110
79
115
142
6
25
25
25
143
55
35
107
167
122
84
48
112
*
*
*
*
*
*
Brown triple-tail
Brown-marbled grouper
Brownback trevally
Brownspotted grouper
Brownstripe snapper
brunnea, Narcine
brunneus, Otolithoides
brunneus, Otolithus
brunneus, Sciaenoides
Brushtooth lizardfish
bubulus, Penaeus
Bukko
Bukra
bulan, Sardinella
Bullhorn gurnard
Bullshark
Bum
Bumalo
Bumpnose trevally
Burro negro
Burro oriental
Burro trovador
Burro trucha
Burro velero
Burros
bursarius, Cistopus
Buther
Buti
Butterfly rays
67
33
45
32
63
138
84
84
84
24
154
38
72
7
29
121
104
24
44
68
69
69
69
68
68
166
127-128
109,111
135
C
Caballa de l a India
Cabetes
* cadenati, Uraspis
caelatus, Arius
* caeruleomaculatus, Mugil
caeruleopinnatus, Carangoides
* caeruleopinnatus, Caranx
Calamar índico
Calamar manopla
CALAPPIDAE
calcarifer, Lates
callianassa, Charybdis
Calmar i ndien
Calmar tonnelet
Camarón amarillo
Camarón arco iris
Camarón banana
Camarón bianco de l a
India
Camarón brujo
Camarón colorado
Camarón fanguero de
orilla
Camarón jinga
Camarón kidi
Camarón kuruma
102
29
52
20
94
42
42
163
163
159
31
159
163
163
143
151
153
153
152
154
155
148
151
152
- 175 PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Camarón lanzón
Camarón moteado
Camarón peregrino
Camarón tigre gigante
Camarón tigre verde
Camarones peneidos
canadum, Rachycentron
canaliculatus, Panaeus
(Melicertus)
canaliculatus, Siganus
canariensis, Umbrina
Canary drum
Candiles
Cangrejo de coral
Cangrejo de manglares
Capucin de Vanicolo
CARANGIDAE
Carangoides ajax
Carangoides altissimus
Carangoides bajad
Carangoides caeruleopinnatus
Carangoides chrysophryoides
Carangoides chrysophrys
Carangoides ferdau
Carangoides fulvoguttatus
Carangoides gymnostethoides
Carangoides gymnostethus
Carangoides hedlandensis
Carangoides hemigymnostethus
Carangoides malabaricus
Carangoides oblongus
Carangoides plagiotaenia
Carangoides praeustus
Carangoides rectipinnis
Carangoides rhomboides
Carangoides talampariodes
Carangue aile bleue
Carangue balo
Carangue côtière
Carangue coton
Carangue monique
Carangue pailletée
Carangue royale jaune
Carangue tachetée
Carangue tapir
Carangue têtue
Carangue vorace
Carangues
Caranx affinis
Caranx caeruleopinnatus
Caranx chrysophrys
Caranx djedaba
Caranx elacate
Caranx ferdau
Caranx formosanus
Caranx fulvoguttatus
Caranx gilberti
Caranx gymnostethus
Caranx hullianus
Caranx ignobilis
Caranx kalla
Caranx macrurus
Caranx malabaricus
Caranx malam
Caranx marginatus
150
143
150
154
155
148
38
152
99
85
85
28
158
159
86
39-52
40
42
44
42
42
42
43
43
43
43
44
43
44
44
44
45
44
44
45
45
43
42
52
44
43
47
43
42
45
46
39
42
42
42
40
46
43
42
43
43
43
52
45
46
41
44
41
46
PAGE
* Caranx mate
* Caranx medusicola
Caranx melampygus
* Caranx microchir
* Caranx miyakamii
* Caranx nigripinnis
Caranx para
* Caranx pectoralis
Caranx sexfasciatus
* Caranx speciosus
* Caranx stellatus
* Caranx typus
carbunculus, Etelis
CARCHARHINIDAE
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
Carcharhinus amboinensis
* Carcharhinus bleekeri
Carcharhinus dussumieri
Carcharhinus falciformis
* Carcharhinus gangeticus
Carcharhinus hemiodon
Carcharhinus leucas
Carcharhinus limbatus
Carcharhinus longimanus
Carcharhinus macloti
Carcharhinus melanopterus
Carcharhinus sorrah
* Carcharhinus temmincki
carinata, Liza
Carite coreano
Carite del I ndoPacifico
Carite estriado del
I ndo- Pacifico
Carite rayado
Carites
carnolabrum, Lipocheilus
* carouna, Corvina
carpenteri, Cynoglossus
Carrot tonguesole
carutta, Johnius
* carutta, Sciaena
Castagnoline noire
Castagnolines
* catalea, Corvina
Catemo manchado
Cazón coralero
trompacorta
Cazón espadachín
Cazón picudo
Cazón picudo gris
Cazones
Cazones picudos
CENTROPOMIDAE
cephalus, Mugil
* ceramensis, Mugil
* ceylonensis, Scoliodon
Chacunda gizzard-shad
chacunda, Anodontostoma
Chaenogaleus macrostoma
* Chaetodon orbis
* Chaetondon punctata
Chah
Chaiti
42
45
45
46
46
41
46
41
46
47
45
42
62
119-124
120
120
120
119
121
121
122
121
121-122
121
121
122
119
119
122
91
103
103
102
102
100
62
80
114
113
81
81
48
39
85
89
124
124
123
123
129
119
31
94
92
123
4
4
125
89
89
77
139
- 176 PAGE
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Chan
Chancho
Chanco
CHANIDAE
Chano
Chanos
Chanos chanos
chanos, Chanos
Chao
Chardin gros nez
Chardins
Charybdis callianassa
Charybdis cruciata
Charybdis feriata
Chatos
Chauffets
Cheilopogon nigricans
Cheimerius nufar
Chernas
Chevron barracuda
chewa, Epinephelus
Chhodi
Chicharro banda dorada
Chicharro ojón
Chien corail
Chilanker
Chiloscyllium griseum
Chiloscyllium indicum
Chinchard d'Arabie
Chindi
chinensis, Pampus
Chinese silver pomfret
Chippil
Chirocentres
CHIROCENTRIDAE
Chirocentrus dorab
Chirocentrus nudus
Chittipittan
chlorostigma, Epinephelus
choerorynchus, Lethrinus
Chombo
Chonaro
Chorinemus commersonnianus
Chorinemus orientalis
Chorinemus sanctipetri
Chorinemus tot
chrysophryoides, Carangoides
Chrysophrys cuvieri
chrysophrys, Carangoides
chrysophrys, Caranx
chrysotaenia, Sphyraena
chrysotaenia, Sphyraenella
chrysozonus, Rastrelliger
Chuchos
Chuki
Chum-ma
Chum-na
Chunki
Cigale raquette
Cigarro chato
ciliaris, Alectis
cinctus, Gaterin
cinereus, Conger
cinereus, Conger cinereus
cinereus, Muraenesox
78-81,83
32
31
23
23
23
23
23
129
6
4
159
158
158
30
90
25
76
31
97
34
91-93
50
50
127
38
126
126
52
104
108
108
68-69
14
14-15
15
15
132
32
73
136-137
22
49
49
49
49
42
77
42
42
96
96
102
136
100-101
52
50
100-101
146
146
40
69
17
17
16
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Cinnabar goatfish
cinnabarinus, Parupeneus
Cistopus bursarius
Cistopus indicus
Citula halli
Cleftbelly trevally
CLUPEIDAE
Coachwhip trevally
Coastal mud shrimp
Coastal trevally
Cobia
Cociella crocodila
Cock grunter
Cock-up
coeruleolineatus, Lutjanus
Cohana delogoa
Cohana élégante
Cohana japonaise
Cohana tolu
Cohanas
Coilia dussumieri
Coilia neglecta
Colas
Comadrejas
Comère fine
Comère indienne
Comère ruban
Comère saumon
Comère torpille
Comères
comes, Corvina
Comet grouper
cometae, Epinephelus
Commerson's anchovy
Commerson's sole
commersoniana, Synaptura
commersoni, Cybium
commersonii, Anchoviella
commersonii, Fistularia
commersonii, Stolephorus
commersonnianus, Chorinemus
commersonnianus, Scomberoides
commersonni, Pomadasys
commerson, Scomberomorus
Common bluestripe
snapper
Common dolphinfish
Common octopus
Common pike conger
Common ponyfish
Common sawfish
Common silver-biddy
Common sprat
Compères
concolor, Nebrius
Congaturi halfbeak
Conger cinereus
Conger cinereus cinereus
Conger eels
Congre gracile
Congre oiro
Congres
Congresox talabonoides
CONGRIDAE
Congrio coludo
88
88
166
166
48
41
4-11
44
155
42
38
30
72
31
63
65
65
65
66
64
11
12
58
125
46
47
46
47
48
39
80
34
34
12
112
112
102
12
28
12
49
49
70
102
63
53
165
17
56
139
57
5
115
124
27
17
17
17
18
17
17
16
17-18
18
- 177 PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Congrio de aleta larga
( Africa)
Congrios
Coral crab
Cordonnier fil
Cordonnier plume
Cordonniers
cordyla, Megalaspis
Cornetas
Cornetfishes
Cornettes
Cornuda común
Cornuda gigante
Cornuda planeadora
Cornudas
Corocoro aceituna
Corocoro arvejado
Corroboro gallito
Corocoro jabalina
Corocoro mejilla azul
Corocoro montura
Corocoro plateado
Corocoros
Coromandel flyingfish
coromandelensis, Hirundichthys
coromandelicus, Epinephelus
Corvina australis
Corvina axillaris
Corvina carouna
Corvina catalea
Corvina comes
Corvina lobata
Corvina maculata
Corvina miles
Corvina nigromaculata
Corvina semiluctuosa
Corvina sina
Corvina africana
Corvina carota
Corvina catala
Corvina china
Corvina de Amoy
Corvina de barba
Corvina de Belanger
Corvina glauca
Corvina lugubre
Corvina manchada
Corvina ojona
Corvina pintada
Corvina plomiza
Corvina soldato
Corvinas
Coryphaena equiselis
Coryphaena hippurus
CORYPHAENIDAE
Coryphènes
Cottonmouth j ack
Courbine aile tachetée
Courbine barbiche
Courbine carutte
Courbine chinoise
Courbine de Belanger
Courbine grise
Courbine gros yeux
Courbine kathala
PAGE
17
17
158
40
40
39
48
28
28
28
128
128
128
127
72
70
72
71
70
71
70
68
26
26
31
80
82
80
85
80
80
85
83
85
84
80
78
81
82
80
78
81
80
82
84
83
85
85
79
83
78
53
53
53
53
52
82
81
81
80
80
79
85
82
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Courbine lugubre
Courbine pintade
Courbine soldat
Courbine tachetée
Courbines
covai, Kowala
Crabe corail
Crabe des palétuviers
crassicornis, Solenocera
crassispina, Plectorhynchus
Crenidens crenidens
crenidens, Crenidens
Crescent snapper
Crescentperch
Crevette arc-en-ciel
Crevette banane
Crevette fauçon
Crevette géante tigrée
Crevette jaune
Crevette javelot
Crevette jinga
Crevette kidi
Crevette kuruma
Crevette mouchetée
Crevette queue rouge
Crevette royale blanche
(des Indes)
Crevette sorcière
Crevette tigrée verte
Crevettes
Crevettes chamois
Crevettes royales
Crimson snapper
crinitus, Alectis
crinitus, Blepharis
Croakers
crocodila, Cociella
Crocodile flathead
crocodilus, Tylosurus
crocodilus
crossocheilus; Arius
Croupia roche
cruciata, Charybdis
crumenophthalmus, Selar
crumenophthalmus, Trachurops
Cubiceps dollfusi
Cubiceps natalensis
Cubiceps squamiceps
cunnesius, Valamugil
cuspidata, Anoxypristis
cuvieri, Acanthopagrus
cuvieri, Chrysophrys
cuvieri, Galeocerdo
cuvieri, Otolithes
cyaneus, Octopus
Cybium commersoni
Cybium guttatum
Cybium lineolatum
cyclostomus, Parupeneus
CYNOGLOSSIDAE
Cynoglossus arel
Cynoglossus bilineatus
Cynoglossus carpenteri
Cynoglossus dispar
Cynoglossus dubius
84
85
83
83
78
5
158
159
155
68
76
76
60
36
151
153
150
154
143
150
148
151
152
143
154
153
152
155
148
148
148
59
40
40
78
30
30
28
20
67
158
50
50
109
108
108
94
139
77
77
120
83
164
102
103
102
88
112-114
112
113
114
113
113
- 178 -
PAGE
PAGE
Cynoglossus lachneri
* Cynoglossus macrolepidotus
Cynoglossus puncticeps
* Cynoglossus quadrilineata
cyprinoides, Megalops
114
112
114
113
3
*
*
D
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Daddi-palli
Daggertooth pike conger
Dai
Dalapugan
Daleri
Damselfishes
Dandanee
Dandani
Dandani swaso
Dandya
Dangri
Dardum
Dardumb
Darkfin eel catfish
Daro-dandya
Dash-and-dot goatfish
DASYATIDAE
Dasyatis kuhlii
Dasyatis zugei
Dateera
Dateri
Datero
daura, Leiognathus
Dawan
dayi, Decapterus
Decapterus afuerae
Decapterus dayi
Decapterus kiliche
Decapterus lalang
Decapterus lundini
Decapterus macrosoma
Decapterus normani
Decapterus politus
Decapterus russelli
Decapterus tabi
Deep flounder
Delagoa threadfin bream
delagoae, Nemipterus
Delicate round herring
delicatulus, Lactarius
delicatulus, Spratelloides
delicatulus, Stolephorus
Demi-becs
Demoiselles
Dendrophysa dussumieri
Dendrophysa russelli
Denté nufar
Dentex nufar
Denton nufar
Dérivant indien
*
*
4,6
16
67
89
75
90
126
126
109
74-77
31
48
48
23
75
88
132-134
132
132
90
74
90
55
100-101,104
47
46
47
47
46-47
42
46
42
42
46-47
47
110
65
65
9
38
9
9
26
90
81
79
76
76
76
108
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Devil rays
Dhambo
Dhand
Dhoma axillaris
Dhother
Dhotri -g isser
Diables de mer
Diablitos
diabola, Mobula
diacanthus, Epinephelus
diacanthus, Nibea
diacanthus, Protonibea
diacanthus, Pseudosciaena
diacanthus, Sciaena
Diagramma pictum
Diagramme ménestrel
Diagramme noire
Diagramme oriental
Diagramme truité
Diagramme voilier
Diagrammes
Diamond-scale grey
mullet
diplana, Sphyrna
Diplodus noct
Diplodus sargus kotschyi
dipterygia, Astrape
dipterygia, Narce
dipterygia, Narcine
dipterygia, Narke
dispar, Cynoglossus
Disque
ditchela, Pellona
djedaba, Alepes
djedaba, Atule
djedaba, Caranx
djeddensis, Rhynchobatus
Dokan
Dokzai
Dolant pittan
doldi, Nebrius
dollfusi, Cubiceps
dollfusi, Harengula
Dolphin fish
Dolphinfishes
Dorab wolf herring
dorab, Chirocentrus
Dorados
Dormilona
Doublebar goatfish
Doublelined tonguesole
Doublespotted queenfish
Drab jewfish
Drepane punctata
DREPANIDAE
Driftfish
Drums
dubius, Cynoglossus
ductor, Naucrates
Dumbi
Dummi-mangar
Dusky trevaIly
Duskytail grouper
Dussumier's croaker
Dussumier's flag-tail
135
31-35
76
82
68,70-72
68-69
135
135
136
32
85
85
85
85
68
69
68
69
69
68
68
93
128
77
77
138
138
138
138
113
89
7
40
40
40
142
128
128
141
124
109
7
53
53
15
15
53
67
88
114
49
80
89
89
109
78
113
48
118
118
42
31
81
11
-
179 -
PAGE
•
•
•
•
•
Dussumier's flag-tail
Dussumier's halfbeak
Dussumier's ponyfish
Dussumieria acuta
dussumieri, Arius
dussumieri, Blythsciaena
dussumieri, Carcharhinus
dussumieri, Coilia
dussumieri, Dendrophysa
dussumieri, Hyporhamphus
dussumieri, Johnius
dussumieri, Leiognathus
dussumieri, Mugil
dussumieri, Sciaena
dussumieri, Umbrina
duvauceli, Lol igo
Dwarf monocle breams
11
27
56
5
20
81
121
11
81
27
81
56
93
81-82
81
163
64
E
*
*
*
*
*
*
Eagle ray
Eagle rays
ECHENEIDIDAE
Echeneis naucrates
Echidna nebulosa
Eel catfishes
Ehremberg's snapper
ehrenbergii, Lutjanus
elacate, Caranx
Elagatis bipinnulata
Electric rays
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
elevatus, Pseudorhombus
elongata, Solea
Elongate sole
elongatus, Epinephelus
elongatus, Hemipristis
elongatus, Lethrinus
ELOPIDAE
Elops machnata
Elops saurus
emburyi, Turrum
Emissoles
emoryi, Epinephelus
Emperador relámpago
Emperador trompudo
Emperadores
Empereur gueule longue
Empereur moris
Empereurs
Emperor red snapper
Emperors
ENGRAULIDAE
Engraved catfish
EPHIPPIDAE
Ephippus orbis
Epinephelus bleekeri
Epinephelus chewa
137
136
38
38
15
22
63
63
46
47
138
97
110
112
112
34
125
73
3
3
3
43
129
32
73
73
73
73
73
73
61
73
11-14
20
89
89
31
34
PAGE
Epinephelus chlorostigma
* Epinephelus cometae
* Epinephelus coromandelicus
Epinephelus diacanthus
* Epinephelus elongatus
* Epinephelus emoryi
Epinephelus fasciatus
Epinephelus flavocaeruleus
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
* Epinephelus horridus
Epinephelus latifasciatus
Epinephelus malabaricus
Epinephelus morrhua
Epinephelus tauvina
Epinephelus tukula
Epinephelus undulosus
equiselis, Coryphaena
equulus, Leiognathus
eriomma, Parascolopsis
erumei, Psettodes
* erythrinus, Mulloides
erythropterus, Lutjanus
Escualosa thoracata
Espadon
* estara, Xiphias
* estara, Xiphias gladius
Etelis carbunculus
Etrille bleue
Etrille tache rouge
Eugomphodus taurus
* Eugomphodus tricuspidatus
Euryglossa orientalis
Eusphyra blochii
* Eutherapon theraps
Euthynnus affinis
* Euthynnus pelamis
* Euthynnus yaito
EXOCOETIDAE
Exocoets
Exocoetus monocirrhus
Exocoetus volitans
* extraneus, Psenes
32
34
31
32
34
32
32
33
33
33
33
34
34
34
35
35
53
56
66
109
86
59
5
107
107
107
62
158
158
126
126
112
128
37
101
101
101
25-26
25
25
26
109
F
* falcarius, Arius
falciformis, Carcharhinus
False trevally
* fangi, Plectorhynchus
Fantail stingray
far, Hemiramphus
fasciatum, Stegostoma
fasciatus, Epinephelus
* fasciatus, Johnius
fasciatus, Leiognathus
* fasciatus, Panulirus
Feathertail stingray
Ferdau's trevally
18
121
38
69
134
27
129
32
80
56
144
134
43
- 180 -
PAGE
ferdau, Carangoides
* ferdau, Caranx
feriata, Charybdis
* ferrugineum, Ginglymostoma
ferrugineus, Nebrius
* filamentosa, Pertica
filamentosus, Gerres
* filigera, llisha
Fin-stripe goatfish
Fistularia commersonii
Fistularia petimba
FISTULARIIDAE
Fivespot herring
Flag-tail anchovy
flagellum, Aetobatus
Flat needlefish
Flat-mouth catfish
Flathead locust lobster
Flathead mullet
Flatheads
Flatmouth sea catfish
flavocaeruleus, Epinephelus
flavolineatus, Mulloides
* fletus, Lethrinus
Flutemouths
Flyingfishes
Forgeron tacheté
* Formio niger
* formosana, Sepia
* formosanus, Caranx
forsteri, Sphyraena
Four finger threadfin
Fourlined terapon
Fourlined tonguesole
* fraenatus, Lethrinus
Freckled goatfish
Frigate mackerel
Frigate tuna
Fringefin sebra sole
fulviflamma, Lutjanus
* fulviflammus, Lutjanus
fulvoguttatus, Carangoides
* fulvoguttatus, Caranx
fulvus, Lutjanus
furcatus, Aphareus
furcatus, Pomadasys
* furcatus, Rhonciscus
fuscoguttatus, Epinephelus
* fuscolineata, Umbrina
fuscomaculata, Torpedo
43
43
158
124
124
57
57
6
87
28
28
28
5
12
137
27
19
146
94
30
19
33
88
73
28
25
89
48
167
42
96
97
36
113
73
88
101
101
112
59
59
43
43
63
62
71
71
33
81
142
G
Gadeer
Gairi
Gal-bat
* Galeocerdo arcticus
Galeocerdo cuvieri
73
14
43,45
120
120
PAGE
* Galeocerdo rayneri
Gallo
Gambas
Gandan
Ganges shark
Gangese grey shark
* gangeticus, Carcharhinus
gangeticus, Glyphis
Gara
Garamari
Gata riodriza atezada
* Gaterin cinctus
* Gaterin niger
* Gaterin orientalis
* Gaterin schotaf
Gavilán javanés
Gazi-gwazi
Gazza minuta
gerrardi, Himantura
GERREIDAE
Gerres filamentosus
* Gerres macracanthus
Gerres oyena
Gerres poieti
* Gerres punctatus
ghanam, Scolopsis
Ghido
Ghol
Ghonshi
Ghore
Ghori
Giant catfish
Giant perch
Giant slender moray
Giant tiger shrimp
Giant trevally
gibbosa, Sardinella
gibbosus, Plectorhinchus
gibbus, Lutjanus
Gid
Gidder
* gilberti, Caranx
Gilhari
Ginghra
* Ginglymostoma ferrugineum
GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE
Girpai
Gishran
Gisser
* glabra, Alepes
* gladius, Histiophorus
* gladius, Istiophorus
gladius, Xiphias
* glaucus, Isurus
glaucus, Johnius
* glaucus, Sciaena
Glyphis gangeticus
Gnathanodon speciosus
Goat catfish
Goatee croaker
Goatfishes
Goi
Golat pittan
Gold-spot mullet
Gold-spotted grenadier
120
18,20
148
120-122,125
122
122
122
122
133
133
124
69
68
69
69
141
64,67
54
133
57-58
57
57
57
58
57
67
136-138,142
85
23
100,102
105-107
19
31
15
154
45
8
68
62
93
100,103-104
43
28
36-37
124
124
53
39,45,47
31-35
41
105
105
107
126
82
82
122
47
21
79
86
4,6
136-137
92
11
- 181 PAGE
Gold-spotted grenadier
Goldband goatfish
Goldband jobfish
Golden banded goatfish
Golden toothless
trevally
Golden trevally
Goldlined seabream
Goldsaddle goatfish
Goldstripe ponyfish
Goldstripe sardinella
Golori
* goma, Sciaena
Googoo tanga
Gore
Gore dum
Gore padni
Goret à six bandes
Goret à trois bandes
Goret olive
Gorets
Goshi
Graceful shark
gracilis, Spratelloides
Grammoplites suppositus
Grand requin marteau
Grande verrue tigre
grandoculis, Monotaxis
Granulated guitarfish
granulatus, Rhinobatos
Greasy grouper
Greasy reefcod
Great barracuda
Great hammerhead
Greater lizardfish
Green jobfish
Green sawfish
Green tiger prawn
Greenback jewfish
Greenback mullet
Grey bambooshark
Grey mullet
Grey sharpnose shark
Grey sweetlip
Grey-fin jewfish
Greyfin croaker
Greyreef shark
griseum, Chiloscyllium
Grondeur à joues bleues
Grondeur argenté
Grondeur coq
Grondeur javelot
Grondeur moucheté
Grondeur selle
Grondeurs
Grondins
Gros poulpe bleu
Grouper
Groupers
Grunts
Guarez
Guilt bream
Guinée saumon
Guitaras
Guitarfishes
11
86
64
86
47
47
77
88
55
8
31-32
85
158
100,102
133
14
71
72
72
68
103
120
10
30
128
84
74
140
140
34
34
95
128
24
62
139
155
83
93
126
94
123
69
79
79
120
126
70
70
72
71
70
71
68
29
164
35
31
68
94
77
3
140
140
PAGE
*
*
*
*
Gurnards
Gurrin paggas
Gussi
Gusso pishik
guttatum, Cybium
guttatum, Indocybium
guttatus, Scomberomorus
Gwanz
Gwarak
Gwareen
gymnostethoides, Carangoides
gymnostethus, Carangoides
gymnostethus, Caranx
Gymnura poecilura
GYMNURIDAE
29
120
120
121-122
103
103
103
97
37
122
43
43
43
135
135
H
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
HAEMULIDAE
Hairtails
Hajam
halavi, Rhinobatos
Half-mourning croaker
Halfbeaks
halli, Citula
Ham
Hamilton's thryssa
hamiltonii, Thryssa
Hammerhead sharks
Hangor
harak, Lethrinus
Hardnose shark
hardwickii, Parapenaeopsis
Hareng gracile
Hareng rond
Harengs
Harengula dollfusi
Harpadon nehereus
HARPADONTIDAE
Harry hotlips
hashni, Mugil
Hashoor
Hasht-pa
hasta, Pomadasys
hasta, Pristipoma
hasta, Sparidentex
hedlandensis, Carangoides
heidi, Uraspis
HEMIGALEIDAE
hemigymnostethus, Carangoides
hemiodon, Carcharhinus
Hemipristis elongatus
Hemipuniclodus tenuispinis
HEMIRAMPHIDAE
Hemiramphus far
HEMISCYLLIIDAE
hercules, Sepia
Herring scad
68-72
104
109
141
84
26
48
120
13
13
127
122
74
122
150
10
9
4
7
24
24
68
91
37
164-166
70
71
77
44
52
125
43
121
125
19
26-27
27
125-126
167
41
- 182 -
PAGE
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Herrings
hians, Ablennes
Hilsa ilisha
Hilsa kanagurta
Hilsa kelee
Hilsa toli
Hilsa shad
Himantura bleekeri
Himantura gerrardi
Himantura imbricata
Himantura uarnak
Himantura walga
hippurus, Coryphaena
Hira
hira, Auxis
Hiro
Hirundichthys coromandelensis
Hirundichthys oxycephalus
Histiophorus gladius
Histiophorus orientalis
hoevenii, Pellona
HOLOCENTRIDAE
Holocentrus servus
hololepidotus, Argyrosomus
Holoola
Hooded cuttlefish
Hooked tonguesole
Hooktooth shark
horridus, Epinephelus
horsti, Octopus
Hotlips
Hound needlefish
Houndsharks
hullianus, Bassetina
hullianus, Caranx
Humpback red snapper
Humphead snapper
Humpnose big-eye bream
Hypolophus sephen
Hypoprion playfairi
Hyporhamphus dussumieri
Hyporhamphus limbatus
4
27
10
5
5
11
10
133
133
133
133
133
53
58-61
101
58-61
26
26
105
105
7
28
36
78
70
168
114
125
33
164
68
28
129
52
52
62
63
74
134
119
27
27
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
I
*
*
*
*
lago omanensis
ignobilis , Caranx
Ilisha brachysoma
Ilisha filigera
Ilisha indica
Ilisha megaloptera
llisha melastoma
ilisha, Hilsa
ilisha, Tenualosa
i mbricata, Himantura
Imposter trevally
Indian anchovy
Indian ariomma
*
129
45
6
6
6
6
6
10
10
133
45
12
109
*
*
*
*
*
Indian driftfish
Indian goatfish
ndian halibut
Indian ilisha
Indian lizardfish
Indian mackerel
Indian oil-sardine
Indian pellona
Indian pike conger
Indian pompano
Indian scad
Indian shad
Indian spearfish
Indian spiny turbot
Indian squid
Indian threadfin
Indian threadfin
trevally
Indian white shrimp
indica, Anchoviella
indica, Ariomma
indica, Ilisha
indica, Loligo
indica, Makaira
indica, Narcine
indica, Pseudosciaena
indica, Solenocera
indicum, Chiloscyllium
indicus, Alectis
indicus, Cistopus
indicus, Istiompax
indicus, Naucrates
indicus, Octopus
indicus, Parupeneus
indicus, Penaeus
(Fenneropenaeus)
indicus, Platycephalus
indicus, Polynemus
indicus, Psenes
indicus, Stolephorus
indicus, Synodus
indicus, Trachurus
Indo-Pacific king
mackerel
Indo-pacific swamp crab
Indo-Pacific tarpon
Indocybium guttatum
Indocybium lineolatum
inermis, Sepiella
insidiator, Leiognathus
insidiator, Secutor
Isabelitas
Istiompax indicus
Istiompax marlina
I STIOPHORIDAE
lstiophorus gladius
lstiophorus orientalis
lstiophorus platypterus
Isurus glaucus
Isurus oxyrinchus
108
88
109
6
24
102
8
7
16
52
47
10
106
109
163
40,97
40
153
12
109
6
163
106
138
78
155
126
40
166
106
48
166
88
153
30
97
109
12
24
52
103
159
3
103
102
168
56
56
90
106
106
105-106
105
105
105
126
126
- 183 PAGE
J
Jabal koi
Jabal-mol
Jack mackerel
Jacks
Jagri ham
Jagriham
Jaiba azul
Jaiba colorete
Jaira
Japanese silver bream .
Japanese threadfin
bream
japanica, Mobula
* japonicus, Mugil
japonicus, Nemipterus
japonicus, Penaeus
(Marsupenaeus)
* japonicus, Stolephorus
Jarbua terapon
jarbua, Terapon
Jaroi pishik
Java flounder
Javanese cownose ray
javanica, Rhinoptera
javanicus, Pseudorhombus
Javelin grunter
javus, Siganus
jello, Sphyraena
* jerdoni, Mugil
Jerki
Jew fish
Jewelled shad
Jewfish
Jinga shrimp
Jirri
Jobfishes
John's snapper
Johnieops aneus
* Johnieops osseus
Johnieops sina
johnii, Lutjanus
* Johnius (Johnieops) aneus
* Johnius (Johnieops) sina
* Johnius amblycephalus
Johnius belangerii
Johnius carutta
Johnius dussumieri
* Johnius fasciatus
Johnius glaucus
* Johnius maculatus
* Johnius osseus
* Johnius semiluctuosus
* Johnius soldado
* Johnius valenciennii
Julia-mangar
Jurel alinegro
Jurel arabigo
Jurel arenque
Jurel balo
Jurel centellante
90
68-69
46-47
39
121
122
158
158
143,153-155
75
65
PAGE
Jurel costero
Jurel de aleta azul
Jurel dorado
Jurel gigante
Jurel malabarico
Jurel manchado
Jurel rabo amarillo
Jurel sable
Jurel saltador
Jurel saltarín
Jurel subari
Jurel tapir
Jurel volantín
Jurel voraz
Jureles
* jussieu, Sardinella
42
45
47
45
44
43
42
49
49
49
40
42
52
46
39
8
136
94
65
152
10
36
36
122
110
141
141
110
71
99
96
93
57-58
84
6
80
148
25
58
60
79
79
80
60
79
80
81
80
81
81
80
82
83
79
84
83
85
127-128
41
52
41
43
43
K
kaakan, Pomadasys
Kaanteri
Kabloosh
Kagaya
* kagoshimensis, Octopus
Kainchan
Kair
Kakawan
Kakawan pattar
Kakina
Kakkar
Kakkawan
Kakoo
Kala pithoo
Kala-poplet
Kalawani kanaitor
Kalgund
* kalla, Caranx
Kalri
Kamot
* kanagurta, Hilsa
kanagurta, Rastrelliger
Kanaitar paggas
Kanaitor
Kanalcha
Kanatyan
Kango
Kanti
Karachi coral crab
Karanteen seabream
Kareenaij
Kari-mangar
Karo-dandia
Karoo
Karopitho
Karra
Karuni
Karunj
71
54,56
36-37
11
164
51
140-141
43,46
41
99
39,42-46,52
39,44-45
115
48
48
121
102-103
46
143,148,150-152,
154-155
123,125
5
102
121
119
58-61
119-121
27
127-128
159
76
135
129
76
48
48
83
137
135-137
-
184 -
PAGE
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Karut croaker
kasmira, Lutjanus
Kathala axillaris
Kathala croaker
Katial
Katni
Katsuwonus pelamis
Katti
Kawakawa
Kawakawas
Keeled mullet
Keeltail needlefish
Kekra
kelaartii, Mugil
Kelee shad
kelee, Hilsa
kelee, Macrura
Kerli
Khadda kikka
Khagga
Khaggi
Khail
Khakua
Khari-mangar
Khokh
Khuker
Kiddi
Kiddi shrimp
Kikat
Kikka
kiliche, Decapterus
Kimpo
Kinarhal
King fish
King soldierbream
Kingfish
Kir
Kishinoella tonggol
Kishki
Kissi
Klancho
Kobayyadri
Kochuk
Koh mitar
Kohbaradri
Kohmai
Kolgar
Kolonto
Koniari
Koor
Korean seerfish
koreanus, Scomberomorus
Korgi
kotschyi, Diplodusargus
Kowala coval
Kowala thoracata
krempfi, Sepiotheuthis
kuhlii, Dasyatis
kuhlii, Umbrina
Kuker-jeeb
Kukkidia
Kukri
Kulgun
Kumpo
Kun
81
63
82
82
128
109
101
64-66
101
100
91
27
158-159
94
5
5
5
14
145
18-22
19
142
159
139
116
30
150-151
151
144-146
144-146
47
70
3
42
76
50
85
104
101
74,76-77
31-32
141-142
109
28
142
90
5
64-66,86-87
23
7
103
103
90
77
5
5
163
132
79
109
77
158-159
100,102-103
68,70-72
19,21-22
95-97
27
58-61
19
152
41
Kund
Kungi
Kunla
Kup-a-go
Kuruma shrimp
Kuwehs
L
*
*
*
*
Labres
LABRIDAE
Lachner's tonguesole
lachneri, Cynoglossus
LACTARIIDAE
Lactarius delicatulus
Lactarius Lactarius
lactarius, Lactarius
Lady fish
Lagartos
Lair
Lairo
lalang, Decapterus
Lambe chivato
Lamiopsis temmincki
LAMNIDAE
lanceolatus, Promicrops
Langosta colorete
Langosta de fusta
Langosta fanguera
Langosta ornamentada
Langouste barriolée
Langouste de vase
Langouste fouet
Langouste ornée
Langue à grandes
écailles
Langue à quatre lignes
Langue à tête ronde
Langue carotte
Langue de Lachner
Langues
Large-eye breams
Large-scale grey mullet
Large-scaled banded
grunt
Largehead hairtail
Largescale mullet
Largescale tonguesole
Largescaled terapon
Largetooth flounder
Lassa
Lates calcarifer
laticaudus, Scoliodon
latifasciatus, Epinephelus
latimanus, Sepia
latus, Acanthopagrus
latus, Mylio
latus, Sparus
98
98
114
114
38
38
38
38
3
23
139
139
46-47
79
122
126
35
145
145
144
144
145
144
145
144
112
113
113
113
114
112
73
92
37
105
92
112
37
110
143
31
124
33
167
75
75
75
- 185 -
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Leather skin
Lefteye flounders
LEIOGNATHIDAE
Leiognathus berbes
Leiognathus bindus
Leiognathus blochi
Leiognathus brevirostris
Leiognathus daura
Leiognathus dussumieri
Leiognathus equulus
Leiognathus fasciatus
Leiognathus insidiator
Leiognathus leuciscus
Leiognathus lineolatus
Leiognathus splendens
leiura, Strongylura
lemniscatus, Lutjanus
Lengua de cuatro lineas
Lengua de Lachner
Lengua escamuda
Lengua roma
Lengua zanahoria
Lenguado espinudo i ndio
Lenguados
Lenguas
Leopard flounder
Leopard stingray
Lepidotrigla bispinosa
Lepidotrigla omanensis
Lepidotrigla spiloptera
leptolepis, Selaroides
Lepturacanthus savala
lepturus, Trichiurus
lepturus, Uroconger
Lesser devilray
Lesser tigertooth
croaker
lessoniana, Sepioteuthis
LETHRINIDAE
Lethrinus choerorynchus
Lethrinus elongatus
Lethrinus fletus
Lethrinus fraenatus
Lethrinus harak
Lethrinus microdon
Lethrinus miniata
Lethrinus nebulosus
Lethrinus opercularis
Lethrinus ramak
Lethrinus rostratus
Lethrinus waigiensis
leucas, Carcharhinus
leuciscus, Leiognathus
lewini, Sphyrna
Li -ching
Light-tip shark
Lija barbuda
limbatus, Carcharhinus
li mbatus, Hyporhamphus
li mbatus, Plotosus
Limpmi garamari
lineatus, Plotosus
Lined silver grunter
Lined silver-biddy
lineolatum, Cybium
49
109
54-56
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
56
56
56
54
27
62
113
114
112
113
113
109
109,111
112
110
133
29
29
29
50
105
105
18
136
83
163
73-74
73
73
73
73
74
74
73
73
73
74
73
73
121-122
56
128
38
124
115
121
27
23
134
23
70
57
102
PAGE
* lineolatum, Indocybium
lineolatus, Leiognathus
* lineolatus, Lutjanus
lineolatus, Scomberomorus
Lipocheilus carnolabrum
Lisa abu
Lisa chiraya
Lisa de aleta larga
Lisa de carena
Lisa de mancha azul
Lisa godeya
Lisa lomo verde
Lisa mejilla dorada
Lisa mopiro
Lisa otomebora
Lisa tade
Lisas
Listado
Little spinefoot
Live sharksucker
Liza abu
* Liza akame
Liza carinata
Liza macrolepis
Liza melinoptera
Liza parsia
Liza subviridis
Liza tade
Liza vaigiensis
Lizardfishes
* lobata, Corvina
Lobotes surinamensis
LOBOTIDAE
LOLIGINIDAE
Loligo duvauceli
* Loligo indica
* Loligo oshimai
Lon
Lone
Long finned herring
Long tail butterfly ray
Long-jaw anchovy
Long-ray bony bream
Long-rayed silver-biddy
Long-spined red bream
Long-spined tripodfish
Longarm mullet
Longbarbel goatfish
Longface emperor
Longfin African conger
Longfin lizardfish
Longfin silver-biddy
longiceps, Sardinella
longimanus, Carcharhinus
* longimanus, Mugil
longimanus, Pentaprion
longimanus, Saurida
Longjaw thryssa
Longnose guitarfish
Long nose pigface bream
Longnose trevally
Longtail carpetsharks
Longtail stingray
Longtail tuna
Longtoothed salmon
102
56
60
102
62
91
95
94
91
94
92
93
92
93
92
93
91
101
99
38
91
92
91
92
92
92
93
93
93
23
80
67
67
163
163
163
163
120
124-125
7
135
14
6
57
76
116
94
88
73
17
24
58
8
121
94
58
24
14
141
73
42
125
133
104
84
- 186 -
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Loros
Lotari
Loxodon macrorhinus
Luar
luctuosa, Nibea
Lugger
lunaris, Matuta
Lunartail snapper
lundini, Decapterus
Lunero
Luneur
Lunti
lunulatus, Lutjanus
LUTJ ANIDAE
Lutjanus altifrontalis
Lutjanus argentimaculatus
Lutjanus bengalensis
Lutjanus bohar
Lutjanus coeruleolineatus
Lutjanus ehrenbergii
Lutjanus erythropterus
Lutjanus fulviflamma
Lutjanus fulviflammus
Lutjanus fulvus
Lutjanus gibbus
Lutjanus johnii
Lutjanus kasmira
Lutjanus lemniscatus
Lutjanus lineolatus
Lutjanus lunulatus
Lutjanus lutjanus
Lutjanus malabaricus
Lutjanus rivulatus
Lutjanus russelli
Lutjanus sanguineus
Lutjanus sebae
Lutjanus vitta
lutjanus, Lutjanus
lymna, Taeniura
lysan, Scomberoides
98
33-35
123
7-9
84
7-9
159
60
42
53
53
68
60
58-64
59
59
63
62
63
63
59
59
59
63
62
60
63
62
60
60
60
59,61
61
63
61,63
61
63
60
134
49
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
M
Mac Lelland's unicornMacabí boca redonda
Macarela alicorta
Macarela bandoneada
Macarela indica
Macarela salmon
Macarela torpedo
Macarelas
macclellandi, Bregmaceros
* maccullochi, Pseudomycterus
machnata, Elops
Màchoiron aiguillette
Mâchoiron canard
Mâchoiron i mberbe
Màchoiron soldat
25
3
46
46
47
47
48
39
25
80
3
19
19
22
22
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mâchoiron tacheté
Mâchoiron titan
Mâchoirons
Machuelo narigón
Mackerel tuna
Mackerels
macloti, Carcharhinus
Macolor niger
macracanthus, Gerres
macrolepidotus, Cynoglossus
macrolepis, Liza
macronema, Parupeneus
macrophthalmus, Pennahia
macrops, Synodus
macropterus, Neothunnus
macropus, Octopus
macrorhinus, Loxodon
macrosoma, Decapterus
macrostoma, Chaenogaleus
Macrura kelee
macrura, Thyrsoidea
macrurus, Alepes
macrurus, Caranx
maculata, Corvina
maculata, Mene
maculata, Nibea
maculate, Sciaena
maculatum, Pomadasys
maculatus, Aetomylaeus
maculatus, Arius
maculatus, Johnius
maculatus, Tachysurus
Madak
Mafou
Mahparri
Maigre africain
Maigre d'Amoy
Maigres
maindroni, Sepiella
Maing
Maish
Mait
Makaira audax
Makaira indica
Makaira marlina
Makaira mitsukurii
Makaire à rostre court
Makaire noir
Makul
Malabar anchovy
Malabar blood snapper
Malabar grouper
Malabar snapper
Malabar thryssa
Malabar trevally
malabarica, Thrissocles
malabarica, Thryssa
malabaricus, Carangoides
malabaricus, Caranx
malabaricus, Epinephelus
malabaricus, Lutjanus
Malacho salmón
malam, Alepes
malam, Caranx
malayana, Sepiotheuthis
18
19
18
6
101
100
122
64
57
112
92
88
85
24
103
165
123
46
125
5
15
41
41
85
53
83
83
71
137
18
83
18
148,151-152,155
38
99
78
78
78
168
93
128
34-35
106
106
106
106
106
106
168
13
61
34
61
13
44
13
13
44
44
34
59,61
3
41
41
163
- 187 -
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Malelak
Malhar
Mamila lisse
Mamilas
Mangra
Mangrove red snapper
Manori
Manta sp.
Mantas
Mantes
Mâquereau des Indes
Maquereaux
Marbled catshark
margaritifera, Sciaena
marginatus, Caranx
marguiensis, Penaeus
(Fenneropenaeus)
Marignans
Marlin rayado
Marlin rayé
Marlin trompa corta
marlina, Istiompax
marlina, Makaira
Marlins
marmoratus, Atelomycterus
marmoratus, Octopus
Marrajo dientuso
Marz
Masi
Matar
mate, Atule
mate, Caranx
Matuta lunaris
Matuta planipes
Matyabyllia
Mayya
Meagres
mebachi, Parathunnus
Medregal listado
medusicola, Caranx
Meengh
Megalaspis cordyla
MEGALOPIDAE
Megalops cyprinoides
megaloptera, Ilisha
melampygus, Caranx
melanoptera, Alepes
melanopterus, Carcharhinus
melanospilos, Taeniura
melanotus, Tylosacus
melanura, Sardinella
melastoma, Ilisha
melanoptera, Liza
Melva
Melvas
Melveras
membranaceus, Octopus
Mene maculata
MENIDAE
menoni, Wak
Mero abanderado
Mero azul y amarillo
Mero banderilla
Mero cometa
Mero espinudo
PAGE
76
53
66
64
117,119-127,129
59
86-87
136
135
135
102
100
127
78
46
153
28
106
106
106
106
106
105
127
164
126
108
38
21
42
42
159
159
141-142
163,167-168
78
104
50
45
94
48
3
3
6
45
41
119
134
28
9
6
92
101
100
100
166
53
53
80
33
33
32
34
32
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mero lanceolado.
Mero lutra
Mero malabarico
Mero manchado
Mero medioluto
Mero ondulado
Mero patata
Mero pintado
Meros
Mérou à bandes
Mérou comète
Mérou demideuil
Mérou épineux
Mérou faraud
Mérou lancéolé
Mérou loutre
Mérou malabare
Mérou marbré
Mérou ondulé
Mérou oriflamme
Mérou patate
Mérou pintade
Mérous
Metapenaeus affinis
Metapenaeus alcocki
Metapenaeus brevicornis
Metapenaeus monoceros
Metapenaeus mutatus
Metapenaeus stebbingi
metopias, Nemipterus
microcheirus, Sepia (Sepie
Ila)
microchir, Caranx
microdon, Lethrinus
Midwater grouper
Milandres
milchthyoides, Nibea
miles, Corvina
miles, Sciaena
militaris, Osteogeneiosus
Milk shark
Milkfish
miniata, Lethrinus
mino, Batrachocephalus
Minstrel sweetlip
minuta, Gazza
Mith
Mi thoo
mitsukurii, Makaira
mitsukurii, Tetrapturus
Mittoo
miyakamii, Caranx
Mobula diabola
Mobula japanica
MOBULIDAE
Mohr
Mojarra alona
Mojarra común
Mojarra de hebra
Mojarra espinuda
Mojarras
mokarran, Sphyrna
moluccensis, Upeneus
MONACANTHIDAE
monoceros, Alutera
35
34
34
33
31
35
35
32
31
33
34
31
32
33
35
34
34
33
35
32
35
32
31
148
148
143
143
148
150
65
168
46
74
35
125
78
83
83
22
123
23
73
22
69
54
53-54,56
5
106
106
4
46
136
136
135-136
120
58
57
57
58
57
128
86
115
115
- 188 -
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
monoceros, Metapenaeus
monocirrhus, Exocoetus
Monocle breams
monodon, Penaeus (Penaeus)
Monotaxis grandoculis
mookalee, Trachinotus
Moon fish
Moonfish
Moorat
Morays
Morenas
Morénésoce commun
Morénésoce dague
Morénésoce indien
Morénésoces
Morenocio común
Morenocio dentón
Morenocio indio
Morenocios
Mori
morrhua, Epinephelus
Moses perch
mosis, Mustelus
Mota
Motambo boxeador
Motambo dentudo
Motambo esplendor
Motambos
Mottled eagle ray
Mourine javanaise
Moustached anchovy
Moustached thryssa
mozambica, Sepia
Muchicho
Mud spiny lobster
Mudro
muelleri, Physodon
Mugil abu zarondnyi
Mugil amarulus
Mugil anpinensis
Mugil axillaris
Mugil borneensis
Mugil caeruleomaculatus
Mugil cephalus
Mugil ceramensis
Mugil dussumieri
Mugil hashni
Mugil japonicus
Mugil jerdoni
Mugil kelaartii
Mugil longimanus
Mugil oligolepis
Mugil ophuysenii
Mugil oür
Mugil planiceps
Mugil strongylocephalus
Mugil troschelii
MUGILIDAE
Mulet à grandes
écailles
Mulet à tache bleue
Mulet abu
Mulet cabot
Mulet caréné
Mulet chiraya
143
25
64
154
74
52
53
53
28
15
15
17
16
16
16
17
16
16
16
41,91
34
60
129
3
56
54
54
54
137
141
13
13
167
142
144
57-58
124
91
94
92
94
92
94
94
92
93
91
94
93
94
94
92
94
94
93
94
92
91-95
92
94
91
94
91
95
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mulet dos vert
Mulet joue d'or
Mulet longue alle
Mulet mopiro
Mulet otomebora
Mulet tade
Mulets
Mulichthys squamiceps
Mulla
Mulla pittan
Mullets
MULLIDAE
Mulloides auriflamma
Mulloides erythrinus
Mulloides flavolineatus
Mulloides vanicolensis
multidens, Pristipomoides
multimaculatum, Pomadasys
Muna swasoo
Mundi
Mundsar
Mundsar bholari
Mundsar-tont
Munsa swasoo
MURAENESOCIDAE
Muraenesox arabicus
Muraenesox bagio
Muraenesox cinereus
Muraenesox talabonoides
Muraenesox yamaguchiensis
MURAENIDAE
Murba
Murbo
Murènes
Murra
Murrant
Murro
Mus
Mushk
Mushka
Mushko
Musolas
Mussi
Mustelus mosis
mutatus, Metapenaeus
Mylio berda
Mylio bifasciatus
Mylio latus
MYLIOBATIDAE
Myliobatis sp.
myops, Trachinocephalus
mystax, Thrissocles
mystax, Thryssa
93
92
94
93
92
93
91
108
73
136-137
91
86-88
86
86
88
86
64
72
112
91-93
94
82
79
113-114
16-17
16
17
16
16
17
15
92
91-95
15
23
26
23
163-168
3,118
78-85
83-84
129
120
129
148
75
75
75
136-137
137
24
13
13
N
* nageb, Pomadasys
Nambo
71
31,33-35
-
189 -
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Nar
Nar mangar
Narce dipterygia
Narcine brunnea
Narcine dipterygia
Narcine indica
Narcine timlei
NARCINIDAE
narinari, Aetobatus
Narke dipterygia
NARKIDAE
Narrow-barred Spanish
mackerel
nasus, Nematalosa
nasus, Sciaena (Corvina)
natalensis, Cubiceps
Naucrates ductor
Naucrates indicus
naucrates, Echeneis
Nawar
Nebrius concolor
Nebrius doldi
Nebrius frrugineus
nebulosa, Echidna
nebulosus, Lethrinus
Needlefishes
Needlescaled queenfish
Neela punto
Negaprion acutidens
neglecta, Coilia
neglecta, Sciaena
Neglected grenadier
anchovy
nehereus, Harpadon
Nematalosa nasus
NEMIPTERIDAE
Nemipterus bipunctatus
Nemipterus bleekerl
Nemipterus delagoae
Nemipterus japonicus
Nemipterus metopias
Nemipterus peronii
Nemipterus tolu
Neothunnus albacora
Neothunnus macropterus
Neptunus pelagicus
Netuma thalassinus
Nibea diacanthus
Nibea luctuosa
Nibea maculata
Nibea milchthyoides
Nibea soldado
nichofii, Aetomylaeus
niger, Apolectus
niger, Formio
niger, Gaterin
niger, Macolor
niger, Parastromateus
nigra, Pseudopristipoma
nigricans, Cheilopogon
nigripinnis, Caranx
nigrofasciata, Seriolina
nigrofasciata, Zonichthys
nigromaculata, Corvina
nigrus, Plectorhynchus
3
126
138
138
138
138
138
138
137
138
138
102
6
80
108
48
48
38
74,76-77
124
124
124
15
73
27
49
54
122
12
78
12
24
6
64-67
65
65
65
65
65
66
66
103
103
158
19
85
84
83
78
83
137
48
48
68
64
48
68
25
41
50
50
85
68
PAGE
* noct, Diplodus
NOMEIDAE
* normani, Decapterus
nudus, Chirocentrus
nufar, Cheimerius
* nufar, Dentex
Numb-fish
Numbray
Nur-mani
Nur-palla
77
108
42
15
76
76
138
138
119-120
11
o
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
obesus, Thunnus
obesus, Triaenodon
Oblique-banded snapper
oblongus, Carangoides
obtusata, Sphyraena
Obtuse barracuda
Oceanic whitetip shark
ocellatus, Octopus
Ochreband goatfish
OCTOPODIDAE
Octopus aegina
Octopus cyaneus
Octopus horsti
Octopus indicus
Octopus kagoshimensis
Octopus macropus
Octopus marmoratus
Octopus membranaceus
Octopus ocellatus
Octopus vulgaris
ODONTASPIDIDAE
Oil sardine
Old woman octopus
oligolepis, Mugil
oligolinx, Rhizoprionodon
olivaceum, Pomadasys
Olive grunt
Oliver grunter
Oman gurnard
omanensis, lago
omanensis, Lepidotrigla
Ombrine bronze
One spot seabream
One-fin let scad
One-spot golden snapper
operculare, Pomadasys
operculare, Pristipoma
opercularis, Lethrinus
ophuysenii, Mugil
Opisthopterus tardoore
Orangefin ponyfish
Orangemouth anchovy
Orangespotted trevally .
orbicularis, Platax
orbis, Chaetodon
104
124
64
44
96
96
121
166
88
164-166
164
164
164
166
164
165
164
166
166
165
126
8
166
92
123
72
72
72
29
129
29
85
77
42
59
70
70
73
94
7
55
14
44
89
89
- 190 -
PAGE
PAGE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
orbis, Ephippus
Oriental sole
Oriental sweetlips
orientalis, Chorinemus
orientalis, Euryglossa
orientalis, Gaterin
orientalis, Histiophorus
orientalis, Istiophorus
orientalis, Plectorhinchus
orientalis, Thenus
Ornate ponyfish
Ornate spiny lobster
Ornate torpedo
ornatus, Panulirus
oshimai, Loligo
osseus, Johnieops
osseus, Johnius
osseus, Sciaena
osseus, Wak
Osteogeneiosus militaris
Osteogeneiosus sthenocephalus
Otolithes argenteus
Otolithes cuvieri
Otolithes ruber
Otolithoides biauritus
Otolithoides brunneus
Otolithus argenteus
Otolithus brunneus
Otomebora mullet
our, Mugil
oxycephalus, Hirundichthys
oxyrinchus, Isurus
oyena, Gerres
89
112
69
49
112
69
105
105
69
146
56
144
142
144
163
79
79
79
79
22
22
84
83
84
84
84
84
84
92
94
26
126
57
*
*
P
Paarlari
Paddan
Padni
Pagapa
Paggas
Pagre à nageoires
jaunes
Pagre double bande
Pagre picnic
Pagres
Paguala
Painted spiny lobster
Painted sweetlips
• palasorra, Scoliodon
Pale spotfin croaker
PALINURIDAE
Palla
Palli
Palo
Palometa negra
Palometas
Palometones
*
71
13-14
11-14
38
117
75
75
75
74
89
145
68
123-124
82
144-145
4,10
4-7
94
48
39
39,107
*
*
Palore
Palore guitarfish
Palwar
Pámpano abotonado
Pámpano africano
Pampano de hebra
Pampano de quilla
Pampano indico
Pámpano indico
Pámpano lunero
Pampanos
Pampus argenteus
Pampus chinensis
Panaeus (Melicertus)
canaliculatus
Panchitos
Pandasi
pantherinus, Bothus
panther, Torpedo
Panulirus fasciatus
Panulirus ornatus
Panulirus polyphagus
Panulirus versicolor
Pappo
Paracaesio xanthurus
para, Caranx
Paradise threadfin
paradiseus, Polynemus
Paranibea semiluctuosa
Parapenaeopsis hardwickii
Parapenaeopsis sculptilis
Parapenaeopsis stylifera
Paraplagusia bilineata
Parascolopsis aspinosa
Parascolopsis boesemani
Parascolopsis eriomma
Parascolopsis townsendi
Parastromateus niger
Parathunnus mebachi
Parathunnus sibi
Pardete
Pardetes
Pargo carmesi
Pargo de Madras
Pargo de manglar
Pargo imperial
Pargo jaspeado
Pargo malabárico
Pargo maori
Pargo raboluna
Pargo tintero
Pargos
Parrotfishes
Parse
parsia, Liza
Parupeneus barberinus
Parupeneus bifasciatus
Parupeneus cinnabarinus
Parupeneus cyclostomus
Parupeneus indicus
Parupeneus macronema
parva, Sciaena
Pasali
Pashant
Pastenagues
140-141
141
10-11
51
51
40
41
40
52
51
39
108
108
152
58
83-84
110
142
144
144
144
145
135
64
46
98
98
84
150
151
151
114
66
66
66
66
48
104
104
94
91
59
60
59
61
60
61
61
60
59
58
98
92
92
88
88
88
88
88
88
80
9
14
132
- 191 -
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Pata patti
152
Patia
11-12
Pattal
40
Pattar
39,41-45,52
Patudo
104
Patunas
22
Pavillon tacheté
90
Peces cuña
141
Peces sables
104
Peces vela
105
Pêche- madame argenté
37
pectinata, Pristis
139
pectoralis, Caranx
41
Pee-ant
93
Pegatimón
38
Pejepuerco estrellado
115
Pejesierras
139
Pelagic thresher
118
pelagicus, Alopias
118
pelagicus, Neptunus
158
pelagicus, Portunus
158
pelamis, Euthynnus
101
pelamis, Katsuwonus
101
Pelates quadrilineatus
36
Péliau chanos
38
Pellona ditchela
7
Pellona hoevenii
7
Penaeid prawns
148
Penaeid shrimps
148
PENAEIDAE
143,148,150-155
Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus)
153
indicus
153
Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus )
marguiensis
Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus)
154
penicillatus
Penaeus (Marsupenaeus)
152
japonicus
Penaeus (Penaeus) monodon
154
Penaeus (Penaeus) semisulcatus
155
Penaeus bubulus
154
154
penicillatus, Penaeus
(Fenneropenaeus)
Pennahia macrophthalmus
85
Pentaprion longimanus
58
Peregrine shrimp
150
perforata, Sardinella
7
Peron's threadfin bream
66
peronii, Nemipterus
66
Perroquets
98
Pertica filamentosa
57
Petacas
90
petimba, Fistularia
28
Peto
100
Petos
100
Pez espada
107
Pez piloto
48
Pez vela
105
Phani
111
Phanna
89
Pharaoh cuttlefish
167
pharaonis, Sepia
167
Pharra
91,94-95
Phulano
132
Phyasa
11-14
PAGE
* Physodon muelleri
Pickhandle barracuda
Picnic seabream
pictum, Diagramma
pictus, Plectorhinchus
* pictus. Plectorhynchus
* pictus, Spilotichthys
Picuda barracuda
Picuda de Forster
Picuda galoneada
Picuda obtusa
Picuda serpentina
Picudas
* picuda, Sphyraena
Pieuvre
Pigeye shark
Pigface breams
Pike congers
Pike eel
Pilotfish
Pingo manchado
Pinjalo pinjalo
Pinjalo snapper
pinjalo, Pinjalo
Pintarroja coral
Pishi
Pithoo
Pittan
Pittan dum
plagiotaenia, Carangoides
Plain eagle ray
* planiceps, Mugil
planipes, Matuta
PLATACIDAE
Platax orbicularis
* Platax vespertilio
Platybelone argalus platyura
Platycéphales
PLATYCEPHALIDAE
Platycephalus indicus
platypterus, Istiophorus
platystomus, Arius
* platystomus, Tachysurus
platyura, Platybelargalus
* playfairi, Hypoprion
plebeius, Polynemus
Plectorhinchus gibbosus
Plectorhinchus orientalis
Plectorhinchus pictus
Plectorhinchus schotaf
* Plectorhynchus crassispina
* Plectorhynchus fangi
* Plectorhynchus nigrus
* Plectorhynchus pictus
PLOTOSIDAE
Plotosus limbatus
Plotosus lineatus
poecilura, Gymnura
poieti, Gerres
Pointed sawfish
Poisson pilote
Poisson -papiér tarture
Poissons sabre
Poissons-guitares
Poissons-paille
124
96
75
68
69
68
68
95
96
97
96
96
95
95
165
120
73
16
16
48
90
64
64
64
127
124-125,129
107-108
132-135
134
44
137
93
159
89
89
89
27
30
30
30
105
19
19
27
119
98
68
69
69
69
68
*69
68
68
22-23
23
23
135
58
139
48
7
104
140
141
-
192 -
PAGE
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Poissons-scie
Polat
politus, Decapterus
POLYNEMIDAE
Polynemus indicus
Polynemus paradiseus
Polynemus plebeius
Polynemus sextarius
polyphagus, Panulirus
POMACANTHIDAE
POMACENTRIDAE
POMADASYIDAE
Pomadasys argenteus
Pomadasys argyreus
Pomadasys commersonni
Pomadasys furcatus
Pomadasys hasta
Pomadasys kaakan
Pomadasys maculatum
Pomadasys multimaculatum
Pomadasys nageb
Pomadasys olivaceum
Pomadasys operculare
Pomadasys stridens
Pomfrets
Pompaneau africain
Pompaneau indien
Pompaneau lune
Pompaneau muscadin
Pompano
Pompano à quille noire
Pompano dolphinfish
Pompanos
Pondicherry shark
Ponyfish
Ponyfishes
Pooki
Portuk
PORTUNIDAE
Portunus pelagicus
Portunus sanguinolentus
Potato grouper
Poule d'eau
Poulpe à quatre yeux
Poulpe des sables
Poulpe tacheté M
Poulpe vieille femme
praeustus, Carangoides
prashadi, Sepia
PRISTIDAE
Pristipoma haste
Pristipoma operculare
Pristipomoides multidens
Pristipomoides zonatus
Pristis pectinata
Pristis pristis
Pristis zisjron
pristis, Pristis
Promicrops lanceolatus
Protonibea diacanthus
Psenes africanus
Psenes extraneus
Psenes indicus
Psenes squamiceps
Psettodes erumei
139
92
42
97-98
97
98
98
98
144
90
90
68-72
70
70
70
71
70
71
71
72
71
72
70
72
39
51
52
51
51
51-52
41
53
39
121
54
54
115-116
7
158-159Q
158
158
35
89
166
164
165
166
45
168
139
71
70
64
64
139
139
139
139
35
85
109
109
109
108
109
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
PSETTODIDAE
Pseudomycterus maccullochi
Pseudopristipoma nigra
Pseudorhombus arsius
Pseudorhombus elevatus
Pseudorhombus javanicus
Pseudorhombus triocellatus
Pseudosciaena amoyensis
Pseudosciaena axillaris
Pseudosciaena diacanthus
Pseudosciaena indica
Pseudosciaena soldado
Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer
Puerulus sewelli
Pufferfishes
Pugnose ponyfish
Pulpo azulón
Pulpo común
Pulpo manchado
Pulpo membranoso
Pulpo perforado
Pulpo reticulado
punctata, Chaetondon
punctata, Drepane
punctatus, Gerres
puncticeps, Cynoglossus
Purple j ewfish
Pusuni
puta, Authistes
puta, Terapon
putnamiae, Sphyraena
109
80
68
110
110
110
110
78
82
85
78
83
116
145
115
56
164
165
165
166
166
164
89
89
57
114
81
129
37
37
97
Q
* quadrilineata, Cynoglossus
quadrilineatus, Pelates
quagga, Zebrias
113
36
112
R
Rabbitfishes
Rabil
RACHYCENTRIDAE
Rachycentron canadum
Raies
Raies-papillon
Rainbow runner
Rainbow sardine
Rainbow shrimp
RAJIDAE
Rake-gilled mackerel
99
103
38
38
140
135
47
5
151
140
102
- 193 -
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
ramak, Lethrinus
Rangan
Ranwas
rappiana, Sepia
Rascacios
Rascasses
Rastrelliger chrysozonus
Rastrelliger kanagurta
Rayamariposas
Rayas
Rayas latigo
rayneri, Galeocerdo
rectipinnis, Carangoides
Red snapper
Redbanded grouper
Redfin dwarf monocle
bream
Redspot swimming crab
Redspotted box crab
Redtail prawn
Remora
Rémora commun
Renards
Requiem sharks
Requin á museau pointu
Requin aiguille gris
Requin baleine
Requin corail
Requin du Gange
Requin épée
Requin marteau
halicorne
Requin marteau planeur
Requin pointes noires
Requin sagrin
Requin tacheté
Requin taureau
Requin tigre commun
Requin zèbre
Requin-nourrice fauve
Requins
Requins marteau
Requins-cabot
Requins-hâ
Reticulated box crab
reversa, Uraspis
Rhabdosargus sarba
Rhina ancylostoma
Rhincodon typus
Rhiniodon typus
RHINIODONTIDAE
RHINOBATIDAE
Rhinobatos annandalei
Rhinobatos granulatus
Rhinobatos halavi
Rhinobatos thouini
Rhinoptera javanica
RHINOPTERIDAE
Rhizoprionodon acutus
Rhizoprionodon oligolinx
rhomboides, Carangoides
Rhonciscus anas
Rhonciscus furcatus
Rhonciscus stridens
RHYNCHOBATIDAE
74
84
97
167
29
29
102
102
135
140
132
120
44
59
32
66
158
159
154
38
38
118
119
123
123
127
124
122
124
128
128
119
123
119
126
120
129
124
119
127
125
129
159
52
77
142
127
127
127
140-141
140
140
141
141
141
141
123
123
44
71
71
72
141-142
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
Rhynchobatus djeddensis
Riami saang
Riami sarando
Riami tont
Ribbontail stingray
River shad
rivulatus, Lutjanus
Robila
Rockcods
Rombous
Ronco de seis bandes
Ronco de tres bandas
Roncos
rostratus, Lethrinus
Rosy dwarf monocle
bream
Rosy jewfish
Rosy snapper
Rouget-souris aurore
Rouget-souris bande or
Rouget-souris orangé
Rouget-souris rayé
Rougets-barbets
Roughback sea catfish
Roundhead grey mullet
Roundhead tonguesole
Roundjaw bonefish
rouxi, Sepia
Rubberlips
ruber, Otolithes
Ruby snapper
Runners
Rupichand
Russell's jewfish
Russell's snapper
russelli, Decapterus
russelli, Dendrophysa
russelli, Lutjanus
russelli, Sciaena
russelli, Umbrina
142
15
89
83
134
10
61
22
31
109
71
72
68
73
66
84
60
87
86
87
87
86
20
94
113
3
167
68
84
62
39
89
79
63
46-47
79
63
79
79
S
Saang
Sábalo cachunda
Sábalo chandano
Sábalo de la India
Sábalo toli
Sábalos
Saddle grunt
Safay-pattar
Sagor catfish
sagor, Arius
Sailfish
Sailfishes
Salema de Mar Rojo
Salemas
Salicoque des vases
16-17
4
5
10
11
4
71
40
21
21
105
105
76
74
155
- 194 -
PAGE
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Salicoque des vases
Salmonete aurora
Salmonete de banda
dorada
Salmonete estriado
Salmonete naranjero
Salmonetes
Salmonte vanicolense
sanctipetri, Chorinemus
Sand tigershark
Sand bird octopus
Sanghra
Sanglor
sanguineus, Lutjanus
sanguinolentus, Portunus
Sank
Sankh
Sanpoo
Santer seabream
Sapsap boxeur
Sapsap dentu
Sapsap soleil
Sapsaps
Sar lune
Saram
Saram alari
Saram gazdani
Saran kainchan
Sarando
sarba, Rhabdosargus
sarba, Sparus
Sardina arco iris
Sardina blanca
Sardinas
Sardinata i ndica
Sardine arc-en-ciel
Sardinela aceitera
Sardinela blanca
Sardinela dorada
Sardinela rabo negro
Sardinela sinda
Sardinelas
Sardinella albella
Sardinella bulan
Sardinella gibbosa
Sardinella jussieu
Sardinella longiceps
Sardinella melanura
Sardinella perforata
Sardinella sindensis
Sardinella taiwanensis
Sardinella tembang
Sardinellas
Sardinelle blanche
Sardinelle dorée
Sardinelle indienne
Sardinelle miyako
Sardinelle queue noire
Sardinelles
Sardines
Sardineta indica
Sardineta ojigrande
Sardinetas
Sargo aleta amarilla
Sargo de dos bandas
155
87
86
87
87
86
86
49
126
164
38
38
61,63
158
18
15-17
47
76
56
54
54
54
77
49
49
49
49
89
77
77
5
5
4
7
5
8
7
8
9
9
4
7
7
8
8
8
9
7
9
8
8
4
7
8
8
9
9
4
4
6
6
4
75
75
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Sargo dorado
Sargo luna Ilena
Sargo picnic
Sargo real
Sargo sobaity
Sargos
Sargue doré
Sargues
Saupe de Mer Rouge
Saurida longimanus
Saurida tumbil
Saurida undosquamis
saurus, Elops
Sauteur leurre
Sauteur sabre
Sauteur talang
Savalai hairtail
savala, Lepturacanthus
Savorín i ndio
Sawfishes
Scads
Scalloped hammerhead
Scaly dwarf monocle
bream
Scaly stingray
SCARIDAE
SCATOPHAGIDAE
Scatophagus argus
schotaf, Gaterin
schotaf, Plectorhinchus
Sciaena (Corvina) nasus
Sciaena aeneus
Sciaena antarctica
Sciaena axillaris
Sciaena belengeri
Sciaena bleekeri
Sciaena carutta
Sciaena diacanthus
Sciaena dussumieri
Sciaena glaucus
Sciaena goma
Sciaena maculata
Sciaena margaritifera
Sciaena miles
Sciaena neglecta
Sciaena osseus
Sciaena parva
Sciaena russelli
Sciaena semiluctuosa
Sciaena sinuata
SCIAENIDAE
Sciaenoides brunneus
Scoliodon acutus
Scoliodon ceylonensis
Scoliodon laticaudus
Scoliodon palasorra
Scoliodon sorrakowa
Scoliodon walbeehmi
Scolopsis bimaculatus
Scolopsis ghanam
Scolopsis taeniatus
Scolopsis vosmeri
Scomberoides commersonnianus
Scomberoides lysan
Scomberoides tol
77
77
75
76
77
74
77
74
76
24
24
24
3
49
49
49
105
105
108
139
39
128
66
133
98
90
90
69
69
80
85
78,85
82
80
78
81
85
81-82
82
85
83
78
83
78
79
80
79
84
85
78-85
84
123
123
124
123-124
124
123
66
67
67
67
49
49
49
- 195 -
PAGE
Scomberomorus commerson
Scomberomorus guttatus
Scomberomorus koreanus
Scomberomorus lineolatus
SCOMBRIDAE
SCORPAENIDAE
Scorpionfishes
sculptilis, Parapenaeopsis
SCYLIORHINIDAE
Scylla serrata
SCYLLARIDAE
Sea catfishes
Sea robin
Seabasses
Seabreams
sebae, Lutjanus
secunda, Uraspis
Secutor insidiator
Seem
Seerfishes
Serri
seheli, Valamugil
Seiche capuchon
Seiche grandes mains
Seiche pharaon
Selar crumenophthalmus
Sélar à bande dorée
Sélar aile noire
Sélar coulisou
Sélar harangule
Selar queue jaune
Sélar subari
Selaroides leptolepis
* semiluctuosa, Corvina
semiluctuosa, Paranibea
* semiluctuosa, Sciaena
* semiluctuosus, Johnius
semisulcatus, Penaeus (Penaeus)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
sephen, Hypolophus
Sepia (Sepiella) microcheirus
Sepia affinis
Sepia formosana
Sepia hercules
Sepia latimanus
Sepia mozambica
Sepia pharaonis
Sepia prashadi
Sepia rappiana
Sepia rouxi
Sepia tigris
Sepia caperuza
Sepia faraonica
Sépia i nerme
Sepia i nerme
Sepia mazuda
Sepiella inermis
Sepiella maindroni
SEPIIDAE
Sepioteuthis lessoniana
Sepiotheuthis krempfi
Sepiotheuthis malayana
Sepiotheuthis sieboldi
Serin
102
103
103
102
100-104
29
29
151
127
159
146
18
29
31
74
61
52
56
39-42,46-47,
50,52
100
97
94
168
167
167
50
50
41
50
41
42
40
50
84
84
84
84
155
134
168
168
167
167
167
167
167
168
167
167
167
168
167
168
168
167
168
168
167-168
163
163
163
163
29
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Sériole amourez
Seriolina nigrofasciata
SERRANIDAE
Serranos
Serrans
serrata, Scylla
serratus, Arius
serratus, Tachysurus
servus, Holocentrus
setirostris, Thrissocles
setirostris, Thryssa
sewelli, Puerulus
sexfasciatus, Caranx
sextarius, Polynemus
Shadines
Shads
Sharpnose stingray
Shazada
Short-bodied sardine
Short-nose swordfish
Short-nosed tripodfish
Short-tail butterfly
ray
Short-tail stingray
Shortbill spearfish
Shortfin mako
Shortfin scad
Shortnose gizzard shad
Shortnose ponyfish
Shovelnose sea catfish
Shrimp scad
Shumala
Siah tighlum
Siah-gosh khaggi
Siah-pattar
sibi, Parathunnus
Sicklefin lemonshark
sieboldi, Sepiotheuthis
SIGANIDAE
Siganos
Sigans
Siganus canaliculatus
Siganus javus
Siganus spinus
sihama, Sillago
Silago plateado
Silky shark
SILLAGINIDAE
Sillago sihama
Silver conger
Silver grunt
Silver grunter
Silver jewfish
Silver pomfret
Silver pomfrets
Silver sillago
Silver whiting
Silver-biddies
Sin croaker
sina, Corvina
sina, Johnieops
sina, Johnius (Johnieops)
sina, Wak
Sind sardinella
sindensis, Sardinella
50
50
31-35
31
31
159
19
19
36
14
14
145
46
98
4
4
132
20
7
106
116
135
133
106
126
46
4
55
21
40
74-76
48
20
40
104
122
163
99
99
99
99
99
99
37
37
121
37
37
16
70
70
81
108
107
37
37
57
80
80
80
80
80
9
9
- 196 -
PAGE
PAGE
Singhara
* sinuata, Sciaena
* sinuata, Umbrina
sinuspersici, Torpedo
Skates
Skipjack
Skipjack tuna
Slender bambooshark
Slender barred ponyfish
Slender conger
Slender queenfish
Slender threadfin bream
Sliteye shark
Sluggish shark
Small grey shark
Small salmon
Small spotted dart
Small-scaled banded
grunt
Small-toothed jobfish
Smallscaled terapon
Smallspotted grunter
Smalltooth emperor
Smalltooth sawfish
Smooth dwarf monocle
bream
Smoothhounds
Snaggletooth shark
Snappers
Snubnose pompano
Sobaity seabream
solandri, Acanthocybium
* soldado, Johnius
soldado, Nibea
* soldado, Pseudosciaena
* soldado, Wak
Soldier catfish
Soldier croaker
Soldierbreams
Soldierfishes
Sole
Solea elongata
SOLEIDAE
Solenocera crassicornis
* Solenocera indica
* Solenocera subnuda
SOLENOCERIDAE
Soles
Soli chuk
Sona sea catfish
sona, Arius
Sonab
Sonaf
Sonam
Sooli
Sorapi pishik
Soredab
Soredaf
sorrah, Carcharhinus
* sorrakowa, Scoliodon
Sorro
Southern meagre
Spadefish
Spadenose shark
Spangled emperor
19-22
85
85
142
140
101
101
126
56
18
49
65
123
124
119
80
51
37
62
37
70
74
139
66
129
125
58
51
77
100
83
83
83
83
22
83
74
28
112-114
112
111-112
155
155
155
155
111
83
21
21
51-52
51-52
51-52
78
123
68
68-69
119
124
76
78
89
124
73
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Spare royal
Spare sobaity
Spares
SPARIDAE
Sparidentex hasta
Sparus bifasciatus
Sparus latus
Sparus sarba
Sparus spinifer
Spear shrimp
speciosus, Caranx
speciosus, Gnathanodon
Speckled shrimp
Speckled tonguesole
Speigler's mullet
speigleri, Valamugil
Sphyraena barracuda
Sphyraena bleekeri
Sphyraena chrysotaenia
Sphyraena forsteri
Sphyraena jello
Sphyraena obtusata
Sphyraena picuda
Sphyraena putnamiae
Sphyraenella chrysotaenia
SPHYRAENIDAE
Sphyrna blochii
Sphyrna diplana
Sphyrna lewini
Sphyrna mokarran
Sphyrna tudes
SPHYRNIDAE
spiloptera, Lepidotrigla
Spilotichthys pictus
Spinefoots
Spineless cuttlefish
spinifer, Argyrops
spinifer, Sparus
spinus, Siganus
splendens, Leiognathus
Splendid ponyfish
Spotfin flathead
Spottail needlefish
Spottail shark
Spotted batfish
Spotted butterfish
Spotted catfish
Spotted codlet
Spotted croaker
Spotted eagle ray
Spotted electric ray
Spotted grunter
Spotted scat
Spotted sicklefish
Spotted Spanish
mackerel
Spottedwing gurnard
Spratelloides delicatulus
Spratelloides gracilis
Sprats
Springer
squamiceps, Cubiceps
squamiceps, Mulichthys
squamiceps, Psenes
Square-tail mullet
76
77
74
74-77
77
75
75
77
76
150
47
47
143
114
95
95
95
97
96
96
96
96
95
97
96
95-97
128
128
128
128
128
127-128
29
68
99
168
76
76
99
54
54
30
28
119
89
90
18
25
85
137
138
71
90
89
103
29
9
10
4
94
108
108
108
93
-
197 -
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Squirrelfishes
Starry moray
Starry pigface bream
Starry triggerfish
stebbingi, Metapenaeus
Stegostoma fasciatum
Stegostoma tygrinus
Stegostoma varium
STEGOSTOMATIDAE
stellaris, Abalistes
stellatus, Abalistes
stellatus, Caranx
sthenocephalus, Osteogeneiosus
Stingfishes
Stingrays
Stolephorus commersonii
Stolephorus delicatulus
Stolephorus indicus
Stolephorus japonicus
Stonefishes
Streaked seerfish
Streaked Spanish
mackerel
Streaked spinefoot
striata, Umbrina
stridens, Pomadasys
stridens, Rhonciscus
strigilifer, Pseudotriacanthus
Striped eel catfish
Striped goatfish
Striped marlin
Striped piggy
Striped ponyfish
Striped round herring
Striped threadfin
Striped tuna
Stripped grunter
STROMATEIDAE
Strongspine silverbiddy
strongylocephalus, Mugil
Strongylura leiura
Strongylura strongylura
strongylura, Strongylura
stylifera, Parapenaeopsis
Sua
subnuda, Solenocera
subrostratus, Arius
subviridis, Liza
Suddo
Sufaid-poplet
Sukura
Sulphur goatfish
sulphureus, Upeneus
sumatranus, Arius
sundaicus, Upeneus
superciliosus, Alopias
suppositus, Grammoplites
surinamensis, Lobotes
Surmai
Surmaya
Swaso
Sweetlips
Swordfish
Synaptura commersoniana
28
15
73
115
150
129
129
129
129
115
115
45
22
29
132
12
9
12
10
29
102
102
99
85
72
72
116
23
87
106
72
56
10
98
101
72
107-108
58
94
27
28
28
151
80,85
155
21
93
139
107-108
115
87
87
21
88
118
30
67
100,102
102
109,111
68
107
112
PAGE
SYNODONTIDAE
Synodus indicus
Synodus macrops
23-24
24
24
T
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
tabi, Decapterus
Tachysurus maculatus
Tachysurus platystomus
Tachysurus serratus
Tachysurus tenuispinis
Tachysurus thalassinus
Tade mullet
fade, Liza
taeniatus, Scolopsis
taeniopterus, Upeneus
Taeniura lymna
Taeniura melanospilos
Tagan
Tailgo pishik
Tailgo seem
taiwanensis, Sardinella
talabonoides, Congresox
talabonoides, Muraenesox
talampariodes, Carangoides
Talang queenfish
Talwar
Tamboriles
Tanak-chand
Tang's snapper
Tantar
tapeinosoma, Auxis
Tardoore
tardoore, Opisthopterus
Tarli
Tarpon
Tarpon indo-pacífico
Tarpon i ndo-pacifique
Tarwhine silverbream
Tasselfish
Tasselfishes
Taupe bleu
taurus, Eugomphodus
tauvina, Epinephelus
Tawny nurse shark
Tayabi saang
Tel-tampri
tembang, Sardinella
Tembladores
temmincki, Carcharhinus
temmincki, Lamiopsis
Tenpounder
tentaculata, Aetoplatea
Tenualosa ilisha
Tenualosa toli
tenuispinis, Arius
tenuispinis, Hemipuniclodus
tenuispinis, Tachysurus
47
18
19
19
19
19
93
93
67
87
134
134
94
123
50
8
16
16
45
49
104
115
89
62
71
101
7
7
7-9
3
3
3
77
85
97
126
126
34
124
16-17
5,9-10
8
138
122
122
3
135
10
11
19
19
19
-
198 -
PAGE
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Terapon jarbua
Terapon puta
Terapon theraps
Terapon-perches
TERAPONIDAE
Terapons
tetradactylum, Eleutheronema
TETRAODONTIDAE
Tetrapturus angustirostris
Tetrapturus audax
Tetrapturus mitsukurii
thalassinus, Arius
thalassinus, Netuma
thalassinus, Tachysurus
Thazard cirrus
Thazard coréen
Thazard ponctué (IndoPacifique)
Thazard rayé (IndoPacifique)
Thazard-bâtard
thazard, Auxis
Thazards
Thenus orientalis
theraps, Eutherapon
theraps, Terapon
Thinspine catfish
Thon mignon
Thon obèse
Thonine orientale
Thonines
Thons
thoracata, Escualosa
thoracata, Kowala
Thorny stingray
Thornycheek grouper
thouini, Rhinobatos
Threadfin breams
Threadfin sea catfish
Threadfins
Three-banded sweetlip
Three-spotted flounder
Thresher sharks
Thrissocles malabarica
Thrissocles mystax
Thrissocles setirostris
Thrissocles vitrirostris
Thryssa hamiltonii
Thryssa malabarica
Thryssa mystax
Thryssa setirostris
Thryssa vitrirostris
Thryssas
Thumbprint emperor
Thumbprint monocle
bream
Thunnus albacares
Thunnus obesus
Thunnus tonggol
Thuri
Thute
Thynnus argentivittatus
Thyrsoidea macrura
Tiburón acebrado
Tiburón ballena
36
37
37
36
36-37
36
97
115
106
106
106
19
19
19
102
103
103
102
100
101
100
146
37
37
19
104
104
101
100
100
5
5
134
32
141
64
20
97
69
110
118
13
13
14
14
13
13
13
14
14
11
74
66
103
104
104
25
26
103
15
129
127
*
*
*
*
*
Tiburón de puntas
negras
Tiburón del Ganges
Tiburón ojuelo
Tiburón rabo manchado
Tiburones
Tiger madak
Tiger shark
Tiger shrimp
Tigertooth croaker
Tighlum
tigris, Sepia
Tikki bhotan
Tikki palwar
Tikki pishi
ti mlei, Narcine
Tinji
Tintle
Tintorera
Tintoreras
Tippuch
tol, Chorinemus
Toli shad
toli, Hilsa
toli, Tenualosa
tol, Scomberoides
tolu, Nemipterus
tonggol, Kishinoella
tonggol, Thunnus
Tonguesoles
Tont
Toora
Tooro
Toothed ponyfish
Toothed shad
Toothponies
Toothpony
Toro
Toro bacota
TORPEDINIDAE
Torpedo fuscomaculata
Torpedo panther
Torpedo sinuspersici
Torpedo scad
Torpedo trevally
Torpedos
Torpilles
Torro gallo
townsendi, Parascolopsis
Trachinocephalus myops
Trachinotus africanus
Trachinotus baillonii
Trachinotus blochii
Trachinotus mookalee
Trachurops crumenophthalmus
Trachurus indicus
tragula, Upeneus
Transparent herring
Tread-finned trevally
Trembleurs
Trevallies
TRIACANTHIDAE
Triacanthus biaculeatus
Triaenodon obesus
TRIAKIDAE
119
122
123
119
119
154
120
151,154
84
107-108
167
142
10
127
138
104
74-76
120
119
77
49
11
11
11
49
66
104
104
112
78-83,85
115
115
54
7
54
54
18
126
142
142
142
142
48
48
142
142
21
66
24
51
51
51
52
50
52
88
5
40
138
39
116
116
124
129
- 199 -
PAGE
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
TRICHIURIDAE
Trichiurus lepturus
tricuspidatus, Eugomphodus
TRIGLIDAE
triocellatus, Pseudorhombus
Triplecross Iizardfish
Tripletail
Tripodfishes
Tripodinos
Tripodins
Tropical two-wing
flyingfish
troschelii, Mugil
Trout sweetlips
Trumpeter perch
tudes, Sphyrna
tukula, Epinephelus
tumbil, Saurida
Tunas
Turbot
Turbot épineux indien
Turrum emburyi
Two-blotch ponyfish
Two-spined jewfish
Two-spot red snapper
Twobar seabream
tygrinus, Stegostoma
Tylosurus acus melanotus
Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus
typus, Caranx
typus, Rhincodon
typus, Rhiniodon
104-105
105
126
29
110
24
67
116
116
116
26
92
69
36
128
35
24
100
109
109
43
55
85
62
75
129
28
28
42
127
127
PAGE
* Uraspis reversa
Uraspis secunda
* Uraspis wakiyai
Uroconger lepturus
Urogymnus asperrimus
Ushtar
Uthar pittan
V
*
*
*
U
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
uarnak, Himantura
Ulus
Umbrina amblycephala
Umbrina canariensis
Umbrina dussumieri
Umbrina fuscolineata
Umbrina khlii
Umbrina russelli
Umbrina sinuata
Umbrina striata
undosquamis, Saurida
undulosus, Epinephelus
Unicorn filefísh
Unicorn l eatherjacket
Upeneus arge
Upeneus moluccensis
Upeneus sulphureus
Upeneus sundaicus
Upeneus taeniopterus
Upeneus tragula
Upeneus vittatus
Uraspis cadenati
Uraspis heidi
133
101
81
85
81
81
79
79
85
85
24
35
115
115
87
86
87
88
87
88
87
52
52
52
52
52
18
134
40
132-133
*
vaigiensis, Liza
Valamugil cunnesius
Valamugil seheli
Valamugil speigleri
valenciennii, Johnius
vanicolensis, Mulloides
vari, Alepes
varium, Stegostoma
Varlet de I' Océan
Indien
Verrue bronzée
Verrue tigre
Verrues
Verrugato de Canarias
versicolor, Panulirus
vespertillo, Platax
Viat
Viejas
Vielles
Violon crépuscule
Violon grogneur
Violon jarbua
Violon tigre
Violons
virescens, Aprion
vitrirostris, Thrissocles
vitrirostris, Thryssa
vitta, Lutjanus
vittatus, Upeneus
Vivaneau bourgeois
Vivaneau cramoisi
Vivaneau des mangroves
Vivaneau gibelot
Vivaneau gros yeux
Vivaneau malabar
Vivaneau mauri
Vivaneau queue lune
Vivaneau ziebelo
Vivaneaux
Voilier
Voiliers
Voladores
volitans, Exocoetus
vosmeri, Scolopsis
vulgaris, Octopus
vulpes, Albula
93
94
94
95
85
86
41
129
25
84
83
78
85
145
89
3
98
31,98
36
37
36
37
36
62
14
14
63
87
61
59
59
59
60
61
61
60
60
58
105
105
25
26
67
165
3
-
200 -
PAGE
Y
W
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Wahoo
Wahoos
waigiensis, Lethrinus
Wak axillaris
Wak menoni
Wak osseus
Wak sina
Wak soldado
wakiyai, Uraspis
walbeehmi, Scoliodon
walga, Himantura
Wanag
Warna musko
Weakfishes
Weasel sharks
Webfoot octopus
Wedgefishes
Whale shark
Whip lobster
Whipfin ponyfish
Whiprays
Whiptail stingray
White milkfish
White sardine
White sardinella
White-spotted octopus
White-spotted spinefoot
Whitecheek monocle
bream
Whitecheek shark
Whitefin wolf-herring
Whitespotted wedgefish
Whitetip reef shark
Winghead shark
Witch prawn
Wolf-herrings
Wrasses
PAGE
100
100
73
82
80
79
80
83
52
123
133
107-108
83-84
78
125
166
141
127
145
56
132
133
38
5
7
165
99
67
121
15
142
124
128
152
14
98
* yaito, Euthynnus
* yamaguchiensis, Muraenesox
Yellow banded emperor
Yellow shrimp
Yellow-fin trevally
Yellow-lined l eather
j acket
Yellow-striped goatfish
Yellowfin goatfish
Yellowfin seabream
Yellowfin tuna
Yellowspotted trevally
Yellowstreaked snapper
Yellowstripe goatflsh
Yellowstripe scad
Yellowtail blue snapper
Yellowtail scad
101
17
74
143
45
115
87
86
75
103
43
62
88
50
64
42
Z
Zahro
Zaid
Zarday
Zarkao
Zarkaok
* zarondnyi, Mugiabu
Zebra shark
Zebrias quagga
zisjron, Pristis
zonatus, Pristipomoides
Zonichthys nigrofasciata
Zorros
Zrkaok
zugei, Dasyatis
140
129
103
48,50
50
91
129
112
139
64
50
118
48
132
X
xanthurus, Paracaesio
* Xiphias estara
Xiphias gladius
* Xiphias gladius estara
XIPHIIDAE
64
107
107
107
107
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PLATE I
1) Megalops cyprinoides
MEGALOPIDAE
CLUPEIDAE
ENGRAULIDAE
SYNODONTI DAE
2) Anodontostoma chacunda
3) Hilsa kelee
4) Sardinella albella
5) Stolephorus commersonii
6) Saurida undosquamis
PLATE II
HEMIRAMPHIDAE
BELONIDAE
SERRANIDAE
7) Hemiramphus far
8) Strongylura strongylura
9) Epinephelus bleekeri
10) Epinephelus chlorostigma
11) Epinephelus diacanthus
12) Epinephelus fasciatus
PLATE III
SERRANIDAE
13) Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
14) Epinephelus latifasciatus
15) Epinephelus malabricus
16) Epinephelus morrhua
17) Epinephelus tauvina
18) Epinephelus undulosus
PLATE IV
TERAPOMDAE
CARANGIDAE
19) Terapon jarbua
20) Terapon puta
21) Sillago sihama
22) Alectis indicus
23) Alepes djedaba
24) Carangoides bajad
PLATE V
25) Carangoides chrysophrys
27) Carangoides malabaricus
CARANGIDAE
26) Carangoides ferdau
28) Caranx ignobilis
29) Caranx sexfasciatus
30) Megalaspis cordyla
PLATE VI
CARANGIDAE
MENIDAE
31) Scomberoides lysan
33) Trachinotus blochii
35) Trachurus indicus
32) Scomberoides tol
34) Trachinotus mookalee
36) Mene maculata
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PLATE VII
LEIOGNATHIDAE
37) Gazza minuta
38) Leiognathus berbis
39) Leiognathus bindus
40) Leiognathus blochi
41) Leiognathus brevirostris
42) Leiognathus daura
PLATE VIII
LEIOGN ATHIDAE
43) Leiognathus dussumieri
44) Leiognathus equulus
45) Leiognathus fasciatus
46) Leiognathus leuciscus
47) Leiognathus lineolatus
48) Leiognathus splendens
PLATE IX
LEIOGNATHIDAE
LUTJANIDAE
49) Secutor insidiator
50) Aphareus furcatus
51) Aprion virescens
52) Etelis carbunculus
53) Lipochelius carnolabrum
54) Lutjanus argentimaculatus
PLATE X
LUTJANIDAE
55) Lutjanus bengalensis
56) Lutjanus bohar
57) Lutjanus caeruleolineatus
58) Lutjanus ehrembergii
59) Lutjanus erythropterus
54) Lutjanus argentimaculatus
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PLATE XI
LUTJANIDAE
61) Lutjanus fulvus
62) Lutjanus gibbus
63) Lutjanus johnii
64) Lutjanus kasmira
65) Lutjanus lemniscatus
66) Lutjanus lunulatus
LUTJANIDAE
PLATE XII
67) Lutjanus lutjanus
68) Lutjanus malabricus
69) Lutjanus rivulatus
70) Lutjanus russelli
71) Lutjanus sanguineus
72) Lutjanus sebae
PLATE XIII
LUTJANIDAE
73) Lutjanus vitta
74) Macolor niger
75) Paracaesio xanthurus
76) Pinjalo pinjalo
77) Pristipomoides multidens
78) Pristipomoides zonatus
NEMIPTERIDAE
PLATE XIV
79) Nemipterus bipunctatus
80) Nemipterus japonicus
81) Nemipterus metopias
82) Parascolopsis eriomma
77) Pristipomoides multidens
84) Scolopsis bimaculatus
PLATE XV
NEMIPTERIDAE
LOBOTIDAE
HAEMULIDAE
85) Scolopsis ghanam
86) Lobotes surinamensis
87) Diagramma pictum
88) Plectorhinchus gibbosus
89) Plectorhinchus orientalis
90) Pomadasys furcatus
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PLATE XVI
91) Pomadasys maculatum
93) Lethrinus elongatus
95) Lethrinus microdon
HAEMULIDAE
LETHRINIDAE
92) Pomadasys kaakan
94) Lethrinus harak
96) Lethrinus nebulosus
PLATE XVII
97) Lethrinus ramak
LETHRINIDAE
SPARIDAE
98) Monotaxis grandoculis
99) Acanthopagrus berda
100) Acanthopagrus bifasciatus
101) Agryrops spinifer
102) Crenidens crenidens
PLATE XVIII
SCIAENIDAE
MULLIDAE
103) Dendrophysa russelli
104) Otolithes ruber
105) Mulloides flavolineatus
106) Mulloides vanicolensis
107) Parupeneus barberinus
108) Parupeneus bifasciatus
PLATE XIX
109) Parupeneus cinnabarinus
111) Parupeneus cyclostomus
222 mm S.L.
113) Parupeneus macronema
MULLIDAE
110) Parupeneus cyclostomus
159 mm S.L.
112) Parupeneus indicus
114) Upeneus moluccensis
MULLIDAE
DREPANIDAE
PLATACIDAE
PLATE XX
115) Upeneus sulphureus
117) Upeneus tragula
116) Upeneus taeniopterus
118) Upeneus vittatus
119) Drepane punctata
120) Platax orbicularis
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PLATE XXI
SCATOPHAGIDAE
MUGILIDAE
POLYNEMIDAE
122) Liza parsia
121) Scatophagus argus
123) Mugil cephalus
125) Eleutheronema tetradactylum
124) Valamugil speigleri
126) Polynemus sextarius
PLATE XXII
SIGANIDAE
SCOMBRIDAE
127) Siganus canaliculatus
128) Siganus javus
129) Siganus spinus
130) Auxis thazard
131) Rastrelliger kanagurta
132) Scomberomorus commerson
PLATE XXIII
PSETTODIDAE
SOLEIDAE
BOTHIDAE
BALISTIDAE
TRIACANTHIDAE
133) Psettodes erumei
134) Euryglossa orientalis
135) Bothus pantherinus
136) Abalistes stellatus
137) Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer
138) Triacanthus biaculeatus
PLATE XXIV
CARCHARHINIDAE
RHINOBATIDAE
RHYNCHOBATIDAE
139) Carcharhinus leucas
140) Loxodon macrorhinus
141) Rhizoprionodon acutus
142) Rhinobatos granulatus
143) Rhynchobatus djeddensis