An annotated checklist of the mosses of Europe and Macaronesia

Jesús Muñoz

We have analysed the global patterns of moss species diversity based on a dataset created from checklists, online databases, and herbarium records. We collected more than 100 000 distribution records for over 400 different geographical units and standardized species taxonomy using the TROPICOS database of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Maps of overall moss species richness, as well as individual maps for taxonomic orders of mosses, are provided. Based on our dataset, we did not find a general latitudinal gradient of increasing moss diversity with decreasing latitude. Several areas of temperate broadleaf forests, boreal forests, and tundra show relatively high species richness that is comparable to tropical regions. Centres of moss diversity include the northern Andes, Southeast Asia, Mexico, and Japan, as well as the Himalayan region, Madagascar, the East African Highlands, central Europe, Scandinavia, and British Columbia. Our dataset presents the first collection of moss species inventories with global coverage. It contributes to documentation and understanding of global biogeographic patterns in mosses, helps to identify gaps in floristic knowledge, and could prove to be a valuable resource to aid taxonomic and systematic revisions or assessments of species and genera, by quickly and easily supplying an overview of the geographic distribution of a given taxon.

Abstract: We analysed documented moss species numbers on a global scale with the aim to identify regions or countries with possibly under-documented moss floras. European units (countries, administrative units) in general have much higher documented species numbers than extra-European units with similar area sizes. Especially South American and African units have relatively low documented species numbers.

Rotaviruses cause diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. Rotavirus outer capsid protein, VP7 is major neutralizing antigen that is important component of subunit vaccine to prevent rotavirus infection. Many efforts have been done to produce recombinant VP7 that maintain native characteristics. We used baculovirus expression system to produce rotavirus VP7 protein and to study its immunogenicity. Simian rotavirus SA11 full-length VP7 ORF was cloned into a cloning plasmid and then the cloned gene was inserted into the linear DNA of baculovirus Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (AcNPV) downstream of the polyhedrin promoter by in vitro recombination reactions. The expressed VP7 in the insect cells was recognized by rabbit hyperimmune serum raised against SA11 rotavirus by Immunofluorescence and western blotting assays. Rabbits were immunized subcutaneously by cell extracts expressing VP7 protein. Reactivity with anti-rotavirus antibody suggested that expressed...

Journal of Bryology (2006) 28: 198–267 Bryological Monograph An annotated checklist of the mosses of Europe and Macaronesia M. O. HILL1, N. BELL2, M. A. BRUGGEMAN-NANNENGA3, M. BRUGUÉS4, M. J. CANO5, J. ENROTH2, K. I. FLATBERG6, J.-P. FRAHM7, M. T. GALLEGO5, R. GARILLETI8, J. GUERRA5, L. HEDENÄS9, D. T. HOLYOAK10, J. HYVÖNEN2, M. S. IGNATOV11, F. LARA12, V. MAZIMPAKA12, J. MUÑOZ13 and L. SÖDERSTRÖM14 1 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Huntingdon, U.K., 2University of Helsinki, Finland, 3Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Utrecht University branch, The Netherlands, 4Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain, 5 Universidad de Murcia, Spain, 6Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Trondheim, Norway, 7Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Germany, 8Universidad de Valencia, Spain, 9Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, 10Camborne, Cornwall, U.K., 11Main Botanical Garden, Moscow, Russia, 12Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, 13Real Jardı́n Botánico, Madrid, Spain and 14Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway SUMMARY The moss flora of Europe and Macaronesia comprises 278 genera, 1292 species, 46 subspecies and 118 varieties. Of the total 1292 species, 53 are confined to Macaronesia and 21 are thought to be non-native. The checklist was derived from those for the various component countries and regions. It is based on results published up to the end of 2005. Subspecies and varieties are included; hybrids are omitted. The taxonomic hierarchy is based on one published by Goffinet & Buck in 2004. While it has been strongly influenced by results of modern molecular methods, there are still many remaining uncertainties, even at family level. Because of these uncertainties, taxonomic innovation has generally been avoided. There are four new combinations and one change of status. KEYWORDS: Bryophyta, Sphagnopsida, Andreaeopsida, Oedipodiopsida, Polytrichopsida, Tetraphidopsida, Bryopsida. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY . LIST OF TAXA . . . . . . . . . ANNOTATIONS . . . . . . . . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTRODUCTION During the last two centuries, authors have at intervals produced floras and checklists that summarize the current state of knowledge of mosses in Europe. In the past 60 years, comprehensive lists of European mosses were produced by Podpěra (1954), Corley et al. (1981), with a substantial update by Corley & Crundwell (1991) and British Bryological Society 2006 DOI: 10.1179/174328206X119998 # . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 .201 .202 .227 .244 .244 .252 Dierssen (2001). It might be thought therefore that the time is not yet ripe for another list. However, Dierssen gives much information on ecology and phytosociology, but does not attempt a critical taxonomic review. Thus about 15 years have passed since the moss flora was fully revised. These years have been very active and many new species have been described. A remarkable development, which would hardly have been anticipated in 1991, is the use of MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA DNA sequencing to understand basic relationships. This has revolutionized the systematics of land plants and resulted in a new classification of mosses. The immediate stimulus for producing a new list of European mosses came from a meeting of the European Committee for Conservation of Bryophytes (ECCB) in Valencia, Spain, in September 2004. They intend to produce an updated Red List of European bryophytes. For this activity it is necessary to have an updated checklist. There was no immediate need for a new list of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae, which had been revised by Grolle & Long (2000). Mosses were the priority. A project to make a new checklist After some consultation, M.O.H. was persuaded to coordinate production of the new list. He proposed a project lasting for the year 2005. It was given the name EuroMoss2005 and had its own website. A Steering Group consisting of Michele Aleffi (Italy), Bill Buck (USA), Montserrat Brugués (Spain), Klaus Dierssen (Germany), Misha Ignatov (Russia), Lars Söderström (Norway) and Jiřı́ Váňa (Czech Republic) guided the project. It played a crucial role from the start, notably in giving the project sufficient gravitas to attract authors who were experts in particular groups. The project then proceeded in three stages. The first stage was to construct a provisional list, including synonyms, for experts to work from. For this, the ECCB supplied M.O.H. with an initial checklist, which was cross-referenced to the world list of Crosby et al. (1999). National and regional lists produced since about 1995 were then searched for names and additional taxa. Many lists were available as electronic documents, either posted on the internet or sent by e-mail. Members of the Steering Group acted as scouts, seeking as complete a species list as possible. The output of the first stage was a provisional list of names, some of which had authorities, together with synonyms that had recently been used in Europe. At the next stage, experts (Table 1) were each sent a provisional list of names and synonyms for their group, and Table 1. Experts contributing text for particular families; for the authorship of the paper, contributors other than the coordinator are listed alphabetically, with no attempt made to distinguish the magnitude of their contribution. Family or families Expert or experts Sphagnaceae Polytrichaceae Funariaceae Grimmiaceae (except Schistidium) Fissidentaceae Dicranales (except Fissidentaceae) Pottiaceae Orthotrichaceae Bryaceae Amblystegiaceae, Calliergonaceae Brachytheciaceae Neckeraceae, Lembophyllaceae Flatberg Hyvönen, Bell Brugués Muñoz Bruggeman-Nannenga Frahm Guerra, Cano, Gallego Lara, Garilleti, Mazimpaka Holyoak Hedenäs Ignatov Enroth 199 were asked to convert the provisional list into one conforming to their own ideas. This process resulted in most of the major groups having been reviewed by one or more experts. The gaps were filled by the coordinator and Professor Söderström, with advice from other bryologists who are thanked in the acknowledgements. When the list was nearly complete, doubtful species were reviewed in detail by the Steering Group, to ensure that they received reasonably consistent treatment. At the final stage, the information was loaded into databases (a database of names, another of annotations and a third with the bibliography) and reformatted for publication. Information published in papers after 2005 was not accepted for this list, which presents the state of knowledge on 31 December 2005. The area of the checklist Europe is defined basically as that part of the land mass of Eurasia bounded in the east by the Ural mountains and Ural River, and in the south by the Caucasus mountains and the Mediterranean and Black seas (cf. Söderström, Urmi & Váňa, 2002). Defined thus, it includes the Caucasian parts of the Russian Federation but excludes Georgia and Azerbaijan. It includes Turkey-in-Europe, western Kazakhstan, and all the Greek islands. It excludes Anatolia and Cyprus. In the Arctic, Novaya Zemlaya and Franz Josef Land are included (excluded by Corley et al., 1981), as well as Svalbard and Jan Mayen. The Atlantic islands of Iceland and of Macaronesia (Canaries, Madeira and Azores but not Cape Verde) are included. Nomenclature and taxonomy With some exceptions, the names listed here are those included in European checklists from about 1995, together with names from the world list of Crosby et al. (1999). Earlier names are ignored. This means, fortunately, that there are exceedingly few cases where a name is ambiguous, with different significance depending on authorities. The more important subspecies and varieties have been included, but there is no intention to include varieties that are not generally recognized. No attempt has been made to give a comprehensive catalogue of moss hybrids. Hybrid taxa are mentioned in the notes only if they have been treated in recent lists. At the time of writing, moss taxonomy is being strongly affected by the results of studies using molecular methods and detailed anatomical analysis. In the present list for Europe, we have adopted a standpoint that might be characterized as moderately conservative. Thus we have accepted new generic concepts in Amblystegiaceae (mainly due to Hedenäs) and in Brachytheciaceae (mainly due to Ignatov and Huttunen). However, in Bryaceae, Hypnaceae, Plagiotheciaceae, Pottiaceae and several related small 200 M. O. HILL ET AL. families, generic and familial concepts are in turmoil. Our response has been to make only a few changes from previous European concepts, anticipating that new circumscriptions will become clear in future. For similar reasons we have avoided splitting traditional genera, retaining Dicranoweisia, Dicranum, Grimmia and Racomitrium as in Corley et al. (1981). We are aware from molecular studies that our circumscriptions of Barbula, Hygrohypnum, Hypnum, Polytrichastrum and Trichostomum are unsatisfactory, but are not yet able to provide new ones. On the other hand, we are happy to accept genera and species that are phylogenetically nested within others, provided that there are clear morphological distinctions. In all of these matters, we have aimed for stability and convenience. Author citations Correct author citations are difficult to achieve, and we are well aware that our own are far from perfect. Given the timescale of the project, we have had to rely extensively on secondary sources, especially for those families that were not revised by experts. For author citations where expert opinion was not available, a hierarchy of reliability was applied. At the top of the hierarchy were the nomina conservanda set out in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., 2000). At the next stage in the hierarchy, we used the catalogue of Polish mosses (Ochyra, Żarnowiec & BednarekOchyra, 2003), which contains the most comprehensive modern nomenclatural treatment of European taxa. For species and higher taxa not found in Poland, we drew on many other sources, none of which had overall priority. The internet database of the Missouri Botanical Garden, W3MOST, was frequently consulted. We have not hesitated to make further changes where we had a definite opinion. The resulting treatment no doubt contains some inconsistencies, for example in the citation of Bruch & Schimper or Schimper alone in the Bryologia Europaea. Table 2. Author abbreviations are those recommended by the International Plant Names Index (2005), which are accurately based on those of Brummitt & Powell (1992). Where the IPNI omits diacritical signs, we have followed it exactly; thus Sjors, Martensson and Jaderh. appear in place of the more correct Sjörs, Mårtensson and Jäderh. Eva Maier is abbreviated E.Maier (as in W3MOST); she is not the Elva Maria Maier listed by IPNI. Also Robert Scott, author of Dicranum scottianum, is cited here as R.Scott, not as the cumbersome Scott, Robert in W3MOST. The starting date for moss nomenclature (the Sphagnaceae excepted) is 1 January 1801, which is the notional publication date of Species Muscorum. According to article 46.5 of the International Code (Greuter et al., 2000), the citation of an author who published the name before the starting point of the group concerned may be indicated by the use of the word ‘ex’. However, this is optional and is not followed here for names in Hedwig (1801). We have generally cited the preHedwigian author in other cases. Thus the form Sw. ex anon. is used for several Swartz species that were validated in an anonymous review (Anon., 1801), and L. ex Dicks. for a Linnaean species that was validated in the index of Dickson (1801). All names of species described by Dickson in his earlier fascicles were validated in this index if not before (Karttunen, 1988). Dickson’s fourth fascicle was published on 4 October 1801 and antedates the fourth edition of Withering’s Systematic Arrangement of British Plants, which was published on 26 December 1801 (Greene, 1962). Therefore the citation of Tayloria tenuis is here given as (Dicks.) Schimp. rather than (With.) Schimp. as in Corley et al. (1981). Several other citations have been changed similarly. New combinations For convenience of citation, new combinations are made by individual authors, including A.J.E. Smith, who supplied the text for his three. Smith’s reasons for making these Species confined in Europe to Macaronesia. Aloina humilis Alophosia azorica Amphidium tortuosum Andoa berthelotiana Brachymenium notarisii Brachymenium philonotula Brachythecium percurrens Breutelia azorica Bryoxiphium madeirense Bryum apiculatum Campylopus cygneus Campylopus flaccidus Campylopus incrassatus Crossidium davidai Cryptoleptodon longisetus Daltonia stenophylla Dicranella campylophylla Ditrichum punctulatum Echinodium prolixum Echinodium renauldii Echinodium setigerum Echinodium spinosum Entosthodon krausei Fissidens azoricus Fissidens coacervatus Fissidens luisierii Fissidens microstictus Fissidens nobreganus Fissidens serratus Fissidens sublimbatus Fissidens sublineaefolius Grimmia curviseta Homalia webbiana Leucobryum albidum Leucodon canariensis Leucodon treleasei Microcampylopus laevigatus Nobregaea latinervis Orthotrichum handiense Pelekium atlanticum Philonotis uncinata Platyhypnidium torrenticola Rhynchostegiella bourgaeana Rhynchostegiella macilenta Rhynchostegiella trichophylla Syntrichia bogotensis Thamnobryum fernandesii Thamnobryum rudolphianum Thuidiopsis sparsa Tortella limbata Tortula ampliretis Tortula bogosica Trematodon perssoniorum 201 MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA Table 3. Non-native mosses in Europe. Species Location Achrophyllum dentatum Atrichum crispum Bryum apiculatum Bryum valparaisense Calomnion complanatum Calyptrochaeta apiculata Campylopus introflexus Hennediella macrophylla Hennediella stanfordensis Hypopterygium tamarisci Leptophascum leptophyllum Leptotheca gaudichaudii Myuroclada maximowiczii Orthodontium lineare Sematophyllum adnatum Splachnobryum obtusum Syntrichia bogotensis Tortula amplexa Tortula bogosica Tortula bolanderi Thuidiopsis sparsa Garden, England Britain and Ireland, widespread (male only) Tenerife Canary Islands, Portugal Garden, Ireland Britain, rare C. and W. Europe, widespread Britain, widespread and spreading Britain and Ireland, widespread and spreading Portugal Widespread in S. and W. Europe, apparently spreading Garden, Ireland Garden, southern Russia C. and W. Europe, widespread Lombardy and Piedmont, several localities Hot springs, Hungary and Azores; elsewhere in greenhouses Madeira Britain, confined to one small area Azores and Canaries S. Europe (rare), Macaronesia Madeira, in a former park area combinations are given in the second edition of his flora (Smith, 2004). Heterocladium flaccidum (Schimp.) A.J.E.Sm., stat. et comb. nov. Basionym: Heterocladium heteropterum var. flaccidum Schimp. in Bruch, Schimp. & W.Gümbel, Bryologia Europaea 5: 154 (fasc. 49–51). 1852. Hypnum cupressiforme var. heseleri (Ando & Higuchi) M.O.Hill, stat. et comb. nov. Basionym: Hypnum heseleri Ando & Higuchi, Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 75: 98. f. 1–2. 1994. Pelekium atlanticum (Hedenäs) Hedenäs, comb. nov. Basionym: Thuidium atlanticum Hedenäs, Journal of Bryology 16: 387. f. 1–2. 1991. Pohlia flexuosa var. pseudomuyldermansii (Arts, Nordhorn-Richter & A.J.E.Sm.) A.J.E.Sm., comb. nov. Basionym: Pohlia muyldermansii var. pseudomuyldermansii Arts, Nordhorn-Richter & A.J.E.Sm. Journal of Bryology 14: 642. f. 3. 1987. Weissia6mittenii (Bruch & Schimp.) Mitt. emend. A.J.E.Sm., stat. nov. Basionym: Weissia mittenii (Bruch & Schimp.) Mitt., Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 2, 8: 317. 1851. Planta originis hybridae. Parens feminea Weissia multicapsularis. Parens mas forte W. rostellata. Composition of the moss flora The moss flora comprises 1292 species in 278 genera, 71 families and 22 orders. In addition, we recognize 46 subspecies and 118 varieties. Of the total 1292 species, 53 are confined in Europe to the Atlantic islands of Macaronesia (Table 2). In addition, Bryoxiphium norvegicum, Didymodon brachyphyllus and Polytrichastrum sphaerothecium are confined to Iceland, and Bryum miniatum to the Faeroe islands. In the east and south-east, several species are known only from Russia, mainly from the Urals and the Caucasus. In Asia just outside Europe, Crumia latifolia, Tortula caucasica and Trichostomum connivens are known from the Caucasus. An additional eight species are listed by Kürschner & Erdağ (2005) from Anatolia. Twenty-one species of moss are thought to have been introduced to Europe by human agency (Table 3), a remarkably small number. Mosses must have been introduced from the Americas, especially to Macaronesia, before moss recording began; but invasions before 1900 would not have been noticed. No non-native species is known to have arrived before 1800, though Corley & Frahm (1982) have speculated that Campylopus pyriformis is a late 18th century introduction from the Southern Hemisphere. Indeed, the only alien known to have reached Europe before 1900 is the North American Atrichum crispum, which has spread slowly and is probably a single clone. There are several other species that may be introduced. For example Bryum gemmiferum, now widespread in central and west Europe, appears still to be spreading, and lacks pre-1940 records (Herman Stieperaere, pers. comm.). TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY The main source for the hierarchy is Goffinet & Buck (2004). A few genera have been moved between families to take account of suggestions from Ignatov and Hedenäs or where there is evidence from newer molecular phylogenies. The following classes and orders occur in Europe. Orders are included in the list of taxa, below. 202 M. O. HILL ET AL. Sphagnopsida (Engl.) Ochyra Sphagnales Limpr. Andreaeopsida (Limpr.) Rothm. Andreaeales Limpr. Oedipodiopsida (Schimp.) Goffinet & W.R.Buck Oedipodiales (Schimp.) Goffinet & W.R.Buck Polytrichopsida Ochyra, Żarnowiec & Bednarek-Ochyra Polytrichales M.Fleisch. Tetraphidopsida (M.Fleisch.) Goffinet & W.R.Buck Tetraphidales M.Fleisch. Bryopsida (Limpr.) Rothm. Buxbaumiales M.Fleisch. Diphysciales M.Fleisch. Timmiales (M.Fleisch.) Ochyra Encalyptales Dixon Funariales M.Fleisch. Bryoxiphiales H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson Grimmiales M.Fleisch. Archidiales Limpr. Dicranales H.Philib. ex M.Fleisch. Pottiales M.Fleisch. Splachnales (M.Fleisch.) Ochyra Orthotrichales Dixon Hedwigiales Ochyra Bryales Limpr. Rhizogoniales (M.Fleisch.) Goffinet & W.R.Buck Hookeriales M.Fleisch. Hypnales (M.Fleisch.) W.R.Buck & Vitt LIST OF TAXA Sphagnales Limpr. Sphagnaceae Dumort. 1 Sphagnum L. [1] section Sphagnum 1 affine Renauld & Cardot (S. affine var. flagellare (Schlieph. ex Röll) L.Söderstr. & Hedenäs, S. imbricatum subsp. affine (Renauld & Cardot) Flatberg) 2 austinii Sull. (S. imbricatum subsp. austinii (Sull.) Flatberg) 3 centrale C.E.O.Jensen (S. palustre var. centrale (C.E.O.Jensen) A.Eddy) 4 magellanicum Brid. 5 palustre L. 6 papillosum Lindb. section Rigida (Lindb.) Limpr. 7 compactum Lam. & DC. 8 strictum Sull. section Cuspidata Lindb. 9 angustifolium (C.E.O.Jensen ex Russow) C.E.O.Jensen (S. recurvum var. tenue H.Klinggr.) 10 annulatum H.Lindb. ex Warnst. 11 balticum (Russow) C.E.O.Jensen 12 cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. (S. viride Flatberg) [2] 13 fallax (H.Klinggr.) H.Klinggr. (S. brevifolium (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Röll, S. fallax subsp. isoviitae (Flatberg) M.O.Hill, S. isoviitae Flatberg, S. recurvum var. brevifolium (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Warnst.) [3] 14 flexuosum Dozy & Molk. 15 jensenii H.Lindb. 16 lenense H.Lindb. ex L.I.Savicz [4] 17 lindbergii Schimp. 18 majus (Russow) C.E.O.Jensen subsp. majus subsp. norvegicum Flatberg 19 obtusum Warnst. 20 pulchrum (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Warnst. 21 riparium Ångstr. 22 tenellum (Brid.) Pers. ex Brid. 23 troendelagicum Flatberg section Subsecunda (Lindb.) Schimp. 24 auriculatum Schimp. (S. denticulatum Brid. [5], S. subsecundum var. rufescens (Nees ex Hornsch.) Huebener) 25 contortum Schultz (S. subsecundum var. contortum (Schultz) Huebener) 26 inundatum Russow (S. denticulatum var. inundatum (Russow) Kartt., S. subsecundum subsp. inundatum (Russow) Meyl., S. subsecundum var. inundatum (Russow) C.E.O.Jensen) 27 platyphyllum (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Warnst. (S. subsecundum var. platyphyllum (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Cardot) 28 pylaesii Brid. 29 subsecundum Nees section Squarrosa (Russow) Schimp. 30 squarrosum Crome 31 teres (Schimp.) Ångstr. 32 tundrae Flatberg [6] section Polyclada (C.E.O.Jensen) Horrell 33 wulfianum Girg. [7] section Insulosa Isov. 34 aongstroemii C.Hartm. [8] section Acutifolia Wilson [9, 10] 35 angermanicum Melin 36 arcticum Flatberg & Frisvoll 37 capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. (S. nemoreum Scop., S. tenerum auct. eur. non Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull.) [11] 38 fimbriatum Wilson subsp. concinnum (Berggr.) Flatberg & Frisvoll subsp. fimbriatum 39 fuscum (Schimp.) H.Klinggr. 40 girgensohnii Russow 41 molle Sull. 42 olafii Flatberg [12] 43 quinquefarium (Braithw.) Warnst. 44 rubellum Wilson (S. andersonianum R.E.Andrus [14], S. capillifolium subsp. rubellum (Wilson) M.O.Hill, S. capillifolium var. tenellum (Schimp.) H.A.Crum) 45 rubiginosum Flatberg [13] 46 russowii Warnst. 47 skyense Flatberg 48 subfulvum Sjors MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA subsp. purpureum Flatberg subsp. subfulvum 49 subnitens Russow & Warnst. subsp. ferrugineum Flatberg (S. subnitens var. ferrugineum (Flatberg) M.O.Hill) subsp. subnitens 50 warnstorfii Russow Andreaeales Limpr. Andreaeaceae Dumort. 2 Andreaea Hedw. [15] section Chasmocalyx Lindb. ex Braithw. 1 nivalis Hook. section Nerviae Cardot ex G.Roth 2 blyttii Schimp. 3 crassinervia Bruch 4 frigida Huebener 5 heinemannii Hampe & Müll.Hal. (A. planinervia Lindb. ex G.Roth) subsp. crassifolia (Luisier) Sérgio (A. crassifolia Luisier) [16] subsp. heinemannii 6 megistospora B.M.Murray 7 rothii F.Weber & D.Mohr subsp. falcata (Schimp.) Lindb. subsp. rothii section Andreaea 8 alpestris (Thed.) Schimp. (A. rupestris var. alpestris (Thed.) Sharp) 9 alpina Hedw. 10 mutabilis Hook.f. & Wilson 11 obovata Thed. (A. hartmanii Thed.) 12 rupestris Hedw. var. papillosa (Lindb.) Podp. var. rupestris 13 sinuosa B.M.Murray Oedipodiales (Schimp.) Goffinet & W.R.Buck Oedipodiaceae Schimp. 3 Oedipodium Schwägr. 1 griffithianum (Dicks.) Schwägr. Polytrichales M.Fleisch. Polytrichaceae Schwägr. 4 Alophosia Cardot 1 azorica (Renauld & Cardot) Cardot 5 Atrichum P.Beauv., nom. cons. 1 angustatum (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. (A. angustatum var. rhystophyllum (Müll.Hal.) P.W.Richards & E.C.Wallace) [17] 2 crispum (James) Sull. 3 flavisetum Mitt. (A. haussknechtii Jur. & Milde, A. undulatum var. gracilisetum Besch.) [18] 4 tenellum (Röhl.) Bruch & Schimp. 5 undulatum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. 6 Oligotrichum DC., nom. cons. 1 hercynicum (Hedw.) Lam. & DC. 7 Pogonatum P.Beauv. [19] 1 aloides (Hedw.) P.Beauv. [20] 203 2 dentatum (Menzies ex Brid.) Brid. (P. capillare (Michx.) Brid.) 3 nanum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. [20] 4 neesii (Müll.Hal.) Dozy [21] 5 urnigerum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. (P. urnigerum var. subintegrifolium (Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen) H.Möller) 8 Polytrichastrum G.L.Sm. [22] 1 alpinum (Hedw.) G.L.Sm. (Pogonatum alpinum (Hedw.) Rohl., Polytrichastrum alpinum var. septentrionale (Sw. ex Brid.) G.L.Sm., P. alpinum var. fragile (Bryhn) D.G.Long, P. norwegicum (Hedw.) Schljakov, Polytrichum alpinum Hedw., P. alpinum var. arcticum (Sw. ex Brid.) Wahlenb.) [23] 2 formosum (Hedw.) G.L.Sm. (Polytrichum formosum Hedw.) 3 longisetum (Sw. ex Brid.) G.L.Sm. (P. longisetum var. anomalum (Milde) Ignatov & G.L.Merr., Polytrichum longisetum Sw. ex Brid.) 4 pallidisetum (Funck) G.L.Sm. (Polytrichum formosum var. decipiens (Limpr.) Loeske, Polytrichum pallidisetum Funck) 5 sexangulare (Brid.) G.L.Sm. (Polytrichum sexangulare Hedw.) 6 sphaerothecium (Besch.) J.-P.Frahm (P. sexangulare var. vulcanicum (C.E.O.Jensen) G.L.Merr., Polytrichum sphaerothecium (Besch.) Müll.Hal.) [24] 9 Polytrichum Hedw. [25] 1 commune Hedw. (P. commune var. humile Sw., P. commune var. perigoniale (Michx.) Hampe, P. perigoniale Michx.) 2 hyperboreum R.Br. 3 jensenii I.Hagen (P. commune var. jensenii (I.Hagen) Mönk.) 4 juniperinum Hedw. 5 piliferum Hedw. (P. piliferum var. hoppei (Hornsch.) Haller) 6 strictum Menzies ex Brid. (P. affine Funck, P. alpestre Hoppe) 7 swartzii Hartm. (P. commune var. swartzii (Hartm.) Nyholm) 8 uliginosum (Wallr.) Schriebl (P. commune var. uliginosum Wallr.) 10 Psilopilum Brid. 1 cavifolium (Wilson) I.Hagen 2 laevigatum (Wahlenb.) Lindb. (P. laevigatum var. aloma I.Hagen) Tetraphidales M.Fleisch. Tetraphidaceae Schimp. 11 Tetraphis Hedw. 1 pellucida Hedw. 12 Tetrodontium Schwägr. 1 brownianum (Dicks.) Schwägr. 2 ovatum (Funck) Schwägr. 3 repandum (Funck) Schwägr. Buxbaumiales M.Fleisch. Buxbaumiaceae Schimp. 13 Buxbaumia Hedw. 204 M. O. HILL ET AL. 1 aphylla Hedw. 2 viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl. Diphysciales M.Fleisch. Diphysciaceae M.Fleisch. 14 Diphyscium D.Mohr 1 foliosum (Hedw.) D.Mohr Timmiales (M.Fleisch.) Ochyra Timmiaceae Schimp. 15 Timmia Hedw., nom. cons. section Timmiaurea Brassard 1 austriaca Hedw. section Timmia 2 bavarica Hessl. 3 megapolitana Hedw. section Norvegica Brassard 4 comata Lindb. & Arnell 5 norvegica J.E.Zetterst. 6 sibirica Lindb. & Arnell Encalyptales Dixon Encalyptaceae Schimp. 16 Bryobrittonia Williams [26] 1 longipes (Mitt.) D.G.Horton (Encalypta longipes Mitt.) 17 Encalypta Hedw. [27] [28] section Streptotheca (Kindb.) Broth. 1 procera Bruch 2 streptocarpa Hedw. section Pyromitrium Wallr. ex Hampe 3 alpina Sm. 4 mutica I.Hagen (E. vulgaris var. mutica Brid.) section Rhabdotheca Müll.Hal. 5 intermedia Jur. [29] 6 obovatifolia Nyholm [30] 7 rhaptocarpa Schwägr. var. leptodon Lindb. (E. rhaptocarpa var. trachymitria (Ripart) Wijk & Margad., E. trachymitria Ripart) [31] var. rhaptocarpa 8 spathulata Müll.Hal. (E. rhaptocarpa var. spathulata (Müll.Hal.) Husn.) 9 vulgaris Hedw. section Megasporae D.G.Horton 10 longicolla Bruch [32] section Encalypta 11 affinis R.Hedw. subsp. affinis subsp. macounii (Austin) D.G.Horton (E. macounii Austin) [33] 12 brevicolla (Bruch & Schimp.) Ångstr. [32] 13 brevipes Schljakov 14 ciliata Hedw. 15 microstoma Bals.-Criv. & De Not. Funariales M.Fleisch. Funariaceae Schwägr. [34] [35] 18 Entosthodon Schwägr. [36] Subgenus Entosthodon 1 attenuatus (Dicks.) Bryhn (E. templetonii (Sm.) Schwägr., Funaria attenuata (Dicks.) Lindb.) 2 durieui Mont. (E. durieui var. mustaphae Trab., E. mustaphae Trab., E. pallescens Jur., E. pallescens var. mitratus (Casares-Gil) Wijk & Margad., E. physcomitroides Casares-Gil & Beltrán, Funaria pallescens (Jur.) Lindb.) [37] 3 hungaricus (Boros) Loeske (E. maroccanus (Meyl.) Hébr. & Lo Giudice, Funaria hungarica Boros, Physcomitrium maroccanum Meyl.) [38] 4 krausei Besch. (Funaria krausei (Besch.) Geh. & Herzog) [39] 5 obtusus (Hedw.) Lindb. (E. ericetorum (De Not.) Müll.Hal., Funaria obtusa (Hedw.) Lindb.) Subgenus Plagiodus (Mitt.) Fife 6 convexus (Spruce) Brugués (Funaria convexa Spruce, Funaria pustulosa Zodda) 7 muhlenbergii (Turner) Fife (Funaria calcarea Wahlenb., Funaria dentata Crome, Funaria hibernica Hook., Funaria mediterranea Lindb., Funaria muhlenbergii Turner) 8 pulchellus (H.Philib.) Brugués (Funaria pulchella H.Philib.) 9 schimperi Brugués (Funaria algieriensis Lindb., Funaria durieui Schimp.) [40] Subgenus Murcia Fife 10 fascicularis (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. (Funaria fascicularis (Hedw.) Lindb.) 11 mouretii (Corb.) Jelenc (Funaria mouretii Corb.) [41] 19 Funaria Hedw. [36] [39] [42] 1 aequidens Lindb. ex Broth. 2 arctica (Berggr.) Kindb. 3 hygrometrica Hedw. 4 microstoma Bruch ex Schimp. 20 Funariella Sérgio 1 curviseta (Schwägr.) Sérgio (Entosthodon curvisetus (Schwägr.) Müll.Hal., Funaria curviseta (Schwägr.) Milde) 21 Goniomitrium Hook.f. & Wilson [43] 1 seroi Casas [44] 22 Physcomitrella Bruch & Schimp. 1 patens (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (Aphanorrhegma patens (Hedw.) Lindb., Physcomitrium patens (Hedw.) Mitt.) 23 Physcomitrium (Brid.) Brid. 1 arenicola Laz. 2 eurystomum Sendtn. subsp. acuminatum (Bruch & Schimp.) Giacom. (P. acuminatum Bruch & Schimp.) [45] subsp. eurystomum 3 pyriforme (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 4 sphaericum (C.F.Ludw. ex Schkuhr) Brid. 24 Pyramidula Brid. 1 tetragona (Brid.) Brid. (P. algeriensis Chud. & Douin, P. tetragona var. zoddae Bott.) [46] Disceliaceae Schimp. 25 Discelium Brid. 1 nudum (Dicks.) Brid. Gigaspermaceae Lindb. MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 26 Gigaspermum Lindb. 1 mouretii Corb. 27 Oedipodiella Dixon 1 australis (Wager & Dixon) Dixon (O. australis var. catalaunica P.de la Varde) [47] Bryoxiphiales H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson Bryoxiphiaceae Besch., nom. cons. 28 Bryoxiphium Mitt., nom. cons. 1 madeirense Á.Löve & D.Löve [48] 2 norvegicum (Brid.) Mitt. Grimmiales M.Fleisch. Grimmiaceae Arn. 29 Coscinodon Spreng. 1 cribrosus (Hedw.) Spruce (C. cribrosus var. brevipila M.Fleisch. & Warnst.) 2 humilis Milde [49] 30 Grimmia Hedw. 1 alpestris (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schleich. (Orthogrimmia alpestris (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Ochyra & Żarnowiec) [50] 2 anodon Bruch & Schimp. (G. limprichtii Kern) [51] 3 anomala Hampe ex Schimp. (Dryptodon anomalus (Hampe ex Schimp.) Loeske) 4 arenaria Hampe (G. donniana var. curvula Spruce, Orthogrimmia arenaria (Hampe) Ochyra & Żarnowiec) [52] 5 atrata Miel. ex Hornsch. (Streptocolea atrata (Miel. ex Hornsch.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec) 6 caespiticia (Brid.) Jur. (G. pyrenaica Kern, Orthogrimmia caespiticia (Brid.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec) 7 capillata De Not. [53] 8 crinita Brid. 9 curviseta Bouman [54] 10 decipiens (Schultz) Lindb. (Dryptodon decipiens (Schultz) Loeske) 11 dissimulata E.Maier [55] 12 donniana Sm. (G. sudetica Spreng. ex Schkuhr, Orthogrimmia donniana (Sm.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec) 13 elatior Bruch ex Bals.-Criv. & De Not. (Dryptodon incurvus (Hornsch.) Brid. [56], G. elatior var. pseudofunalis Limpr.) 14 elongata Kaulf. (Dryptodon elongatus (Kaulf.) Hartm.) 15 funalis (Schwägr.) Bruch & Schimp. (Dryptodon funalis (Schwägr.) Brid., G. funalis var. calvescens (Kindb.) H.Möller) [57] 16 fuscolutea Hook. (G. apiculata Hornsch., G. holleri Molendo) 17 hartmanii Schimp. (Dryptodon hartmanii (Schimp.) Limpr.) 18 incurva Schwägr. (Dryptodon contortus (Wahlenb.) Brid.) 19 laevigata (Brid.) Brid. (Guembelia laevigata (Brid.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec) 20 lisae De Not. (G. retracta Stirt.) [58] 21 longirostris Hook. (G. affinis Hornsch., Guembelia longirostris (Hook.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec) 205 22 mollis Bruch & Schimp. (Hydrogrimmia mollis (Bruch & Schimp.) Loeske) 23 montana Bruch & Schimp. (G. pilosissima Herzog, Orthogrimmia montana (Bruch & Schimp.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec) 24 muehlenbeckii Schimp. (Dryptodon muehlenbeckii (Schimp.) Loeske) [59] 25 nutans Bruch (G. meteorae C.C.Towns.) 26 orbicularis Bruch ex Wilson (Dryptodon orbicularis (Bruch ex Wilson) Ochyra & Żarnowiec) 27 ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. (Guembelia ovalis (Hedw.) Müll.Hal.) 28 plagiopodia Hedw. (G. plagiopodia var. arvernica (H.Philib.) Boulay) 29 poecilostoma Cardot & Sebille, nom. cons. prop. (G. tergestina var. poecilostoma (Cardot & Sebille) Loeske, G. tergestina var. tergestinoides Culm.) [59] 30 pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. (Dryptodon pulvinatus (Hedw.) Brid., G. pulvinata var. africana (Hedw.) Hook.f., G. pulvinata var. obtusa (Brid.) Huebener) [60] 31 ramondii (Lam. & DC.) Margad. (Dryptodon patens (Hedw.) Brid., G. curvata (Brid.) De Sloover) 32 reflexidens Müll.Hal. (G. grisea Cardot [62], G. sessitana De Not., G. subsulcata Limpr. [63], Orthogrimmia sessitana (De Not.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec) [61] 33 teretinervis Limpr. 34 tergestina Tomm. ex Bruch & Schimp. (G. crassifolia Lindb. ex Broth. [64], Guembelia tergestina (Tomm. ex Bruch & Schimp.) Buyss.) 35 torquata Drumm. (Dryptodon torquatus (Drumm.) Brid.) 36 trichophylla Grev. (Dryptodon trichophyllus (Grev.) Brid., G. austrofunalis auct. eur. non Müll.Hal. [65], G. britannica A.J.E.Sm. [66], G. meridionalis (Müll.Hal.) E.Maier [67], G. trichophylla var. stirtonii (Schimp.) H.Möller, G. trichophylla var. subsquarrosa (Wilson) A.J.E.Sm., G. trichophylla var. tenuis (Wahlenb.) Wijk & Margad.) 37 triformis Carestia & De Not. (Orthogrimmia triformis (Carestia & De Not.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec) [68] 38 ungeri Jur. [69] 39 unicolor Hook. 31 Indusiella Broth. & Müll.Hal. 1 thianschanica Broth. & Müll.Hal. [70] 32 Jaffueliobryum Thér. 1 latifolium Thér. [71] 33 Racomitrium Brid. [72] Subgenus Racomitrium 1 lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid. Subgenus Niphotrichum Bednarek-Ochyra (Niphotrichum (Bednarek-Ochyra) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) 2 canescens (Hedw.) Brid. (Niphotrichum canescens (Hedw.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) subsp. canescens 206 M. O. HILL ET AL. subsp. latifolium (C.E.O.Jensen) Frisvoll (Niphotrichum canescens subsp. latifolium (C.E.O.Jensen) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) 3 elongatum Ehrh. ex Frisvoll (Niphotrichum elongatum (Frisvoll) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra, R. canescens var. intermedium Venturi & Bott.) 4 ericoides (Brid.) Brid. (Niphotrichum ericoides (Brid.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra, R. canescens var. ericoides (Brid.) Hampe) 5 panschii (Müll.Hal.) Kindb. (Niphotrichum panschii (Müll.Hal.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) Subgenus Cataracta Vilh. (Codriophorus P.Beauv.) 6 aciculare (Hedw.) Brid. (Codriophorus acicularis (Hedw.) P.Beauv.) 7 aquaticum (Brid. ex Schrad.) Brid. (Codriophorus aquaticus (Brid. ex Schrad.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) 8 fasciculare (Hedw.) Brid. (Codriophorus fascicularis (Hedw.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) 9 hespericum Sérgio, J.Muñoz & Ochyra (Codriophorus hespericus (Sérgio, J.Muñoz & Ochyra) BednarekOchyra & Ochyra) [73] Subgenus Ellipticodryptodon (Vilh.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra (Bucklandiella Roiv.) 10 affine (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Lindb. (Bucklandiella affinis (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra, R. heterostichum var. affine (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Lesq.) 11 ellipticum (Turner) Bruch & Schimp. (Bucklandiella elliptica (Turner) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) 12 heterostichum (Hedw.) Brid. (Bucklandiella heterosticha (Hedw.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) 13 himalayanum (Mitt.) A.Jaeger (Bucklandiella himalayana (Mitt.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) 14 lamprocarpum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger (Bucklandiella lamprocarpa (Müll.Hal.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) 15 lusitanicum Ochyra & Sérgio (Bucklandiella lusitanica (Ochyra & Sérgio) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) [74] 16 macounii Kindb. (Bucklandiella macounii (Kindb.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) subsp. alpinum (E.Lawton) Frisvoll (Bucklandiella macounii subsp. alpina (E.Lawton) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) subsp. macounii 17 microcarpon (Hedw.) Brid. (Bucklandiella microcarpa (Hedw.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) 18 obtusum (Brid.) Brid. (Bucklandiella obtusa (Brid.) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra) 19 sudeticum (Funck) Bruch & Schimp. (Bucklandiella sudetica (Funck) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra, R. heterostichum var. sudeticum (Funck) E.Bauer) 34 Schistidium Bruch & Schimp., nom. cons. [75] [76] 1 agassizii Sull. & Lesq. [77] 2 apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 3 atrofuscum (Schimp.) Limpr. (S. apocarpum var. atrofuscum (Schimp.) C.E.O.Jensen) 4 boreale Poelt 5 brunnescens Limpr. subsp. brunnescens (S. apocarpum var. brunnescens (Limpr.) Loeske) subsp. griseum (Nees & Hornsch.) H.H.Blom 6 bryhnii I.Hagen 7 confertum (Funck) Bruch & Schimp. (S. apocarpum var. confertum (Funck) H.Möller) 8 confusum H.H.Blom 9 crassipilum H.H.Blom 10 crenatum H.H.Blom 11 dupretii (Thér.) W.A.Weber 12 elegantulum H.H.Blom subsp. elegantulum subsp. wilsonii H.H.Blom 13 flaccidum (De Not.) Ochyra (S. pulvinatum var. flaccidum (De Not.) De Not.) 14 flexipile (Lindb. ex Broth.) G.Roth 15 frigidum H.H.Blom var. frigidum var. havaasii H.H.Blom 16 frisvollianum H.H.Blom 17 grande Poelt 18 grandirete H.H.Blom 19 helveticum (Schkuhr) Deguchi (S. singarense (Schiffn.) Laz.) [78] 20 holmenianum Steere & Brassard 21 lancifolium (Kindb.) H.H.Blom 22 maritimum (Sm. ex R.Scott) Bruch & Schimp. [79] subsp. maritimum subsp. piliferum (I.Hagen) B.Bremer (S. maritimum var. piliferum (I.Hagen) Loeske) 23 occidentale (E.Lawton) S.P.Churchill [80] 24 papillosum Culm. (S. apocarpum subsp. papillosum (Culm.) Poelt) 25 platyphyllum (Mitt.) H.Perss. (S. alpicola auct. non (Hedw.) Limpr., S. rivulare subsp. latifolium (J.E.Zetterst.) B.Bremer, S. rivulare var. latifolium (J.E.Zetterst.) H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson) [77] subsp. abrupticostatum (Bryhn) H.H.Blom subsp. platyphyllum 26 poeltii H.H.Blom 27 pruinosum (Wilson ex Schimp.) G.Roth 28 pulchrum H.H.Blom 29 recurvum H.H.Blom 30 rivulare (Brid.) Podp. 31 robustum (Nees & Hornsch.) H.H.Blom 32 scandicum H.H.Blom 33 sinensiapocarpum (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra [81] 34 sordidum I.Hagen 35 spinosum H.H.Blom & Lüth [82] 36 strictum (Turner) Loeske ex Martensson 37 subjulaceum H.H.Blom 38 submuticum H.H.Blom subsp. arcticum H.H.Blom subsp. submuticum 39 tenerum (J.E.Zetterst.) Nyholm 40 trichodon (Brid.) Poelt MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA var. nutans H.H.Blom var. trichodon 41 umbrosum (J.E.Zetterst.) H.H.Blom 42 venetum H.H.Blom Ptychomitriaceae Schimp. 35 Campylostelium Bruch & Schimp. 1 pitardii (Corb.) E.Maier (Grimmia pitardii Corb.) [83] 2 saxicola (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Bruch & Schimp. 3 strictum Solms 36 Ptychomitrium Fürnr., nom. cons. 1 incurvum (Schwägr.) Spruce 2 nigrescens (Kunze) Wijk & Margad. 3 polyphyllum (Dicks. ex Sw.) Bruch & Schimp. Seligeriaceae Schimp. 37 Blindia Bruch & Schimp. 1 acuta (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 2 caespiticia (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Müll.Hal. 38 Brachydontium Fürnr. 1 trichodes (F.Weber) Milde (Seligeria transylvanica Plam. [84]) 39 Seligeria Bruch & Schimp. [85] Subgenus Seligeria 1 acutifolia Lindb. 2 brevifolia (Lindb.) Lindb. 3 galinae Mogensen & I.Goldberg [86] 4 pusilla (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. Subgenus Cyrtoseligeria Vitt 5 campylopoda Kindb. 6 diversifolia Lindb. 7 recurvata (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. Subgenus Anodus (Bruch & Schimp.) Boulay 8 calcarea (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 9 calycina Mitt. ex Lindb. (S. paucifolia auct. non (With.) Carruth.) 10 donniana (Sm.) Müll.Hal. Subgenus Blindiadelphus Lindb. 11 polaris Berggr. 12 subimmersa Lindb. Subgenus Megalosporia Vitt 13 austriaca T.Schauer 14 carniolica (Breidl. & Beck) Nyholm (Trochobryum carniolicum Breidl. & Beck) 15 irrigata (H.K.G.Paul) Ochyra & Gos (S. trifaria var. irrigata H.K.G.Paul) [87] 16 oelandica C.E.O.Jensen & Medelius 17 patula (Lindb.) I.Hagen (S. alpestris T.Schauer, S. patula var. alpestris (T.Schauer) Gos & Ochyra, S. tristichoides var. patula (Lindb.) Broth.) 18 trifaria (Brid.) Lindb. 19 tristichoides Kindb. Archidiales Limpr. Archidiaceae Schimp. 40 Archidium Brid. 1 alternifolium (Hedw.) Mitt. Dicranales H.Philib. ex M.Fleisch. Fissidentaceae Schimp. 41 Fissidens Hedw. 207 Subgenus Pachyfissidens (Müll.Hal.) Kindb. section Pachyfissidens 1 adianthoides Hedw. 2 azoricus (P.de la Varde) Bizot 3 dubius P.Beauv. (F. cristatus Wilson ex Mitt., F. decipiens De Not.) [88] 4 grandifrons Brid. 5 luisieri P.de la Varde [89] 6 osmundoides Hedw. 7 polyphyllus Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp. [90] 8 serrulatus Brid. [91] 9 taxifolius Hedw. subsp. pallidicaulis (Mitt.) Mönk. (F. pallidicaulis Mitt., F. taxifolius var. pallidicaulis (Mitt.) Corb.) subsp. taxifolius section Amblyothallia (Müll.Hal.) Pursell & Brugg.-Nann. 10 asplenioides Hedw. Subgenus Octodiceras (Brid.) Broth. 11 fontanus (Bach.Pyl.) Steud. (Octodiceras fontanum (Bach.Pyl.) Lindb.) Subgenus Fissidens [92] 12 arcticus Bryhn [93] 13 arnoldii R.Ruthe 14 bryoides Hedw. [94] var. bryoides var. caespitans Schimp. (F. bryoides var. curnovii (Mitt.) J.J.Amann, F. curnovii Mitt.) [95] 15 coacervatus Brugg.-Nann. 16 crassipes Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp. subsp. crassipes (F. crassipes var. rufipes Schimp.) subsp. warnstorfii (M.Fleisch.) Brugg.-Nann. (F. crassipes var. philibertii Besch., F. mouretii Corb.) 17 crispus Mont. (F. herzogii R.Ruthe ex Herzog, F. limbatus Sull., F. minutulus Sull.) [96] 18 curvatus Hornsch. (F. algarvicus Solms) 19 gracilifolius Brugg.-Nann. & Nyholm (F. viridulus var. tenuifolius (Boulay) A.J.E.Sm.) 20 gymnandrus Büse [97] 21 jansenii Sérgio & Pursell [98] 22 microstictus Dixon & Luisier [99] 23 monguillonii Thér. 24 nobreganus Dixon & Luisier [100] 25 ovatifolius R.Ruthe (F. perssonii P.de la Varde) [101] 26 pusillus (Wilson) Milde (F. exiguus auct. eur. partim [103], F. viridulus var. pusillus Wilson) [102] 27 rivularis (Spruce) Schimp. 28 rufulus Bruch & Schimp. 29 sublimbatus Grout [104] 30 sublineaefolius (P.de la Varde) Brugg.-Nann. 31 viridulus (Sw. ex anon.) Wahlenb. [105] [106] var. incurvus (Starke ex Röhl.) Waldh. (F. incurvus Starke ex Röhl., F. incurvus var. tamarindifolius (Turner) Braithw.) [107] var. viridulus (F. bambergeri Milde [108], F. bryoides var. inconstans (Schimp.) R.Ruthe, F. bryoides var. viridulus (Sw. ex anon.) Broth., F. exiguus auct. eur. 208 M. O. HILL ET AL. partim [92] [103], F. haraldii (Lindb.) Limpr., F. limbatus var. bambergeri (Schimp. ex Milde) Düll, F. marginatulus Meln. [109], F. viridulus var. bambergeri (Schimp. ex Milde) Waldh., F. viridulus var. haraldii (Lindb.) C.E.O.Jensen, F. viridulus var. intralimbatulus (R.Ruthe) Düll) [92] Subgenus Aloma Kindb. 32 celticus Paton 33 exilis Hedw. 34 serratus Müll.Hal. (F. papillosus Sande Lac.) [110] Ditrichaceae Limpr., nom. cons. 42 Ceratodon Brid. 1 conicus (Hampe) Lindb. (C. purpureus var. conicus (Hampe) Husn.) 2 purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. [111] subsp. purpureus (C. purpureus var. brevifolius Milde, C. purpureus var. flavisetus Limpr., C. purpureus var. pallidisetus Luisier, C. purpureus var. xanthopus Sull.) [112] subsp. stenocarpus (Bruch. & Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) Dixon (C. corsicus Bruch & Schimp, C. stenocarpus Bruch & Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) [112] 43 Cheilothela Broth. 1 chloropus (Brid.) Broth. 44 Cleistocarpidium Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra 1 palustre (Bruch & Schimp.) Ochyra & BednarekOchyra (Pleuridium palustre (Bruch & Schimp.) Bruch & Schimp., Sporledera palustris (Bruch & Schimp.) Hampe) 45 Distichium Bruch & Schimp., nom. cons. 1 capillaceum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (D. capillaceum var. compactum (Huebener) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.) 2 hagenii Ryan ex H.Philib. 3 inclinatum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 46 Ditrichum Timm ex Hampe, nom. cons. 1 cornubicum Paton 2 flexicaule (Schwägr.) Hampe 3 gracile (Mitt.) Kuntze (D. crispatissimum (Müll.Hal.) Paris, D. flexicaule var. longifolium (J.E.Zetterst.) I.Hagen, D. flexicaule var. sterile (De Not.) Limpr., D. giganteum R.S.Williams) [113] 4 heteromallum (Hedw.) E.Britton (D. homomallum (Hedw.) Hampe) 5 lineare (Sw.) Lindb. (D. vaginans (Sull.) Hampe) 6 pallidum (Hedw.) Hampe 7 plumbicola Crundw. 8 punctulatum Mitt. (Campylopus brevipilus var. marginatulus (Geh.) Paris, Campylopus madeirensis Luisier, Campylopus marginatulus Geh.) [114] 9 pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe (D. tortile (Schrad.) Brockm.) 10 subulatum Hampe 11 zonatum (Brid.) Kindb. (D. heteromallum var. zonatum (Brid.) Podp., D. zonatum var. scabrifolium Dixon) 47 Pleuridium Rabenh., nom. cons. [115] 1 acuminatum Lindb. 2 subulatum (Hedw.) Rabenh. (P. alternifolium auct. non (Dicks. ex Hedw.) Rabenh.) 48 Pseudephemerum (Lindb.) I.Hagen 1 nitidum (Hedw.) Loeske (Pleuridium nitidum (Hedw.) Rabenh., P. axillare (Dicks.) I.Hagen) 49 Rhamphidium Mitt. 1 purpuratum Mitt. [116] 50 Saelania Lindb. 1 glaucescens (Hedw.) Broth. 51 Trichodon Schimp. 1 cylindricus (Hedw.) Schimp. (Ditrichum cylindricum (Hedw.) Grout, Ditrichum cylindricum var. oblongum (Lindb.) C.E.O.Jensen) Bruchiaceae Schimp. 52 Bruchia Schwägr. 1 flexuosa (Schwägr.) Müll.Hal. (B. trobasiana De Not.) 2 vogesiaca Nestl. ex Schwägr. 53 Trematodon Michx. 1 ambiguus (Hedw.) Hornsch. 2 brevicollis Hornsch. [32] 3 laetevirens Hakelier & J.-P.Frahm 4 longicollis Michx. [32] 5 perssoniorum P.Allorge & Thér. ex V.Allorge [117] Rhabdoweisiaceae Limpr. 54 Amphidium Schimp., nom. cons. 1 lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp. 2 mougeotii (Schimp.) Schimp. 3 tortuosum (Hornsch.) Cufod. (A. curvipes (Müll.Hal.) Broth.) [118] 55 Arctoa Bruch & Schimp. 1 anderssonii Wich. (A. fulvella var. anderssonii (Wich.) Grout) 2 fulvella (Dicks.) Bruch & Schimp. 3 hyperborea (Gunnerus ex Dicks.) Bruch & Schimp., nom. cons. 56 Cnestrum I.Hagen 1 alpestre (Wahlenb. ex Huebener) Nyholm ex Mogensen (Cynodontium alpestre (Wahlenb. ex Huebener) Milde) 2 glaucescens (Lindb. & Arnell) Holmen ex Mogensen & Steere 3 schisti (F.Weber & D.Mohr) I.Hagen, nom. cons. 57 Cynodontium Bruch & Schimp., nom. cons. 1 asperifolium (Lindb. ex Arnell) Paris [119] 2 bruntonii (Sm.) Bruch & Schimp. (Oreoweisia bruntonii (Sm.) Milde) 3 fallax Limpr. 4 gracilescens (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. 5 jenneri (Schimp.) Stirt. 6 polycarpon (Hedw.) Schimp. [120] 7 strumiferum (Hedw.) Lindb. (C. polycarpon var. strumiferum (Hedw.) Schimp.) 8 suecicum (Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen) I.Hagen 9 tenellum (Schimp.) Limpr. (C. torquescens Limpr.) 58 Dichodontium Schimp. 1 flavescens (Dicks.) Lindb. (D. pellucidum var. flavescens (Dicks.) Moore) 2 palustre (Dicks.) M.Stech (Anisothecium palustre (Dicks.) I.Hagen, Dicranella palustris (Dicks.) Crundw., Diobelonella palustris (Dicks.) Ochyra) [121] MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 3 pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp. (D. pellucidum var. fagimontanum Brid., D. pellucidum var. propaguliferum (Correns) Casares-Gil) 59 Dicranoweisia Milde [122] 1 cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb. 2 compacta (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) Schimp. (D. crispula var. compacta (Schwägr.) Lindb., Hymenoloma compactum (Schwägr.) Ochyra) 3 crispula (Hedw.) Milde (Hymenoloma crispulum (Hedw.) Ochyra) 60 Glyphomitrium Brid. 1 daviesii (Dicks.) Brid. 61 Kiaeria I.Hagen 1 blyttii (Bruch & Schimp.) Broth. 2 falcata (Hedw.) I.Hagen 3 glacialis (Berggr.) I.Hagen 4 riparia (H.Lindb.) M.F.V.Corley (Dicranella riparia (H.Lindb.) Martensson & Nyholm, K. starkei var. riparia I.Hagen, Oncophorus riparius H.Lindb.) 5 starkei (F.Weber & D.Mohr) I.Hagen 62 Oncophorus (Brid.) Brid. 1 elongatus (I.Hagen) Hedenäs (O. wahlenbergii var. elongatus I.Hagen) [123] 2 virens (Hedw.) Brid. 3 wahlenbergii Brid. var. compactus (Bruch & Schimp.) Braithw. (O. compactus (Bruch & Schimp.) Kindb.) var. wahlenbergii 63 Oreas Brid. 1 martiana (Hoppe & Hornsch.) Brid. 64 Oreoweisia (Bruch & Schimp.) De Not. 1 torquescens (Hornsch. ex Brid.) Wijk & Margad. (O. serrulata (Funck) De Not.) 65 Rhabdoweisia Bruch & Schimp. 1 crenulata (Mitt.) H.Jameson 2 crispata (Dicks.) Lindb. (R. denticulata (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp., R. kusenevae Broth. [124]) 3 fugax (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. (R. striata (Schrad.) Lindb.) Schistostegaceae Schimp. [125] 66 Schistostega D.Mohr 1 pennata (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr Dicranaceae Schimp. 67 Aongstroemia Bruch & Schimp., nom. cons. 1 longipes (Sommerf.) Bruch & Schimp. 68 Dicranella (Müll.Hal.) Schimp., nom. cons. 1 campylophylla (Taylor) A.Jaeger [126] 2 cerviculata (Hedw.) Schimp. 3 crispa (Hedw.) Schimp. (Anisothecium vaginale (Dicks.) Loeske) 4 grevilleana (Brid.) Schimp. (Anisothecium grevilleanum (Brid.) Lindb.) 5 heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. 6 howei Renauld & Cardot 7 humilis R.Ruthe (Anisothecium humile (R.Ruthe) Lindb., Anisothecium rigidulum (Hedw.) C.E.O.Jensen) 209 8 rufescens (Dicks.) Schimp. (Anisothecium rufescens (Dicks.) Lindb.) 9 schreberiana (Hedw.) Dixon (Anisothecium schreberianum (Hedw.) Dixon) 10 staphylina H.Whitehouse (Anisothecium staphylinum (H.Whitehouse) Sipman, Rubers & Riemann) 11 subulata (Hedw.) Schimp. (D. curvata (Hedw.) Schimp., D. secunda Lindb.) 12 varia (Hedw.) Schimp. (Anisothecium rubrum Lindb., Anisothecium varium (Hedw.) Mitt.) 69 Dicranum Hedw. [127] section Dicranum 1 bonjeanii De Not. (D. palustre Bruch & Schimp., D. undulatum Turner, hom. illeg.) 2 crassifolium Sérgio, Ochyra & Séneca [128] 3 leioneuron Kindb. 4 majus Sm. 5 polysetum Sw. ex anon. (D. rugosum Brid., D. undulatum Ehrh. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr, hom. illeg.) [106] 6 scoparium Hedw. 7 transsylvanicum Lüth [129] section Spuria Bruch & Schimp. 8 acutifolium (Lindb. & Arnell) C.E.O.Jensen (D. bergeri var. acutifolium Lindb. & Arnell, D. muehlenbeckii var. acutifolium (Lindb. & Arnell) Nyholm) 9 brevifolium (Lindb.) Lindb. (D. muehlenbeckii var. brevifolium Lindb., D. muehlenbeckii var. cirrhatum (Schimp.) Lindb.) 10 dispersum Engelmark [130] 11 drummondii Müll.Hal. (D. elatum Lindb., D. robustum Bruch & Schimp.) 12 spurium Hedw. 13 undulatum Schrad. ex Brid. (D. affine Funck, D. bergeri Blandow) [131] section Fuscescentiformia (Kindb.) Ochyra 14 flexicaule Brid. (D. congestum Brid., D. fuscescens var. congestum (Brid.) Kindb., D. fuscescens var. flexicaule (Brid.) Wilson) 15 fuscescens Sm. section Convolutifolia (Kindb.) Ochyra 16 angustum Lindb. [132] 17 muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp. 18 spadiceum J.E.Zetterst. (D. muehlenbeckii var. neglectum (De Not.) Pfeff., D. muehlenbeckii var. spadiceum (J.E.Zetterst.) Podp., D. neglectum Jur. ex De Not.) section Elongata I.Hagen 19 elongatum Schleich. ex Schwägr. (D. elongatum var. sendtneri (Limpr.) Mönk., D. sendtneri Limpr. [133]) 20 fragilifolium Lindb. 21 groenlandicum Brid. (D. elongatum subsp. groenlandicum (Brid.) Mönk.) 22 laevidens R.S.Williams [132] section Crassinervia G.Roth 23 canariense Hampe ex Müll.Hal. (D. scottianum subsp. canariense (Hampe) Corb.) [134] 24 fulvum Hook. (Orthodicranum fulvum (Hook.) G.Roth ex Casares-Gil) 210 M. O. HILL ET AL. 25 scottianum Turner ex R.Scott (Orthodicranum scottianum (Turner ex R.Scott) G.Roth ex Casares-Gil) [79] 26 viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. section Montana Hartm. 27 flagellare Hedw. (Orthodicranum flagellare (Hedw.) Loeske) 28 montanum Hedw. (Orthodicranum montanum (Hedw.) Loeske) 29 tauricum Sapjegin (D. strictum Schleich. ex D.Mohr, hom. illeg., Orthodicranum tauricum (Sapjegin) Smirnova) 70 Paraleucobryum (Limpr.) Loeske 1 enerve (Thed.) Loeske 2 longifolium (Hedw.) Loeske 3 sauteri (Bruch & Schimp.) Loeske (P. longifolium var. sauteri (Bruch & Schimp.) C.E.O.Jensen) Leucobryaceae Schimp. 71 Atractylocarpus Mitt., nom. cons. 1 alpinus (Schimp. ex Milde) Lindb. (Metzlerella alpina (Schimp. ex Milde) I.Hagen, Metzleria alpina Schimp. ex Milde) 72 Campylopus Brid. 1 atrovirens De Not. (C. atrovirens var. adustus (De Not.) Husn., C. atrovirens var. falcatus Braithw., C. atrovirens var. gracilis Dixon) 2 brevipilus Bruch & Schimp. 3 cygneus (Hedw.) Brid. (C. setaceus Cardot) 4 flaccidus Renauld & Cardot 5 flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. 6 fragilis (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. 7 gracilis (Mitt.) A.Jaeger (C. schwarzii Schimp.) 8 incrassatus Müll.Hal. (C. eximius Reichardt) [135] 9 introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. 10 oerstedianus (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. (C. mildei Limpr.) 11 pilifer Brid. 12 pyriformis (Schultz) Brid. (C. pyriformis var. azoricus (Mitt.) M.F.V.Corley) 13 schimperi Milde (C. subulatus var. schimperi (Milde) Husn.) 14 setifolius Wilson 15 shawii Wilson (C. carreiroanus Cardot) 16 subulatus Schimp. ex Milde 73 Dicranodontium Bruch & Schimp. 1 asperulum (Mitt.) Broth. 2 denudatum (Brid.) E.Britton (D. denudatum var. alpinum (Schimp.) I.Hagen) 3 subporodictyon Broth. (Campylopus subporodictyon (Broth.) B.H.Allen & Ireland, Dicranum subporodictyon (Broth.) C.Gao & T.Cao) [136] 4 uncinatum (Harv.) A.Jaeger (D. circinatum (Wilson) Schimp.) 74 Leucobryum Hampe 1 albidum (P.Beauv.) Lindb. [137] 2 glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr. 3 juniperoideum (Brid.) Müll.Hal. (L. albidum auct. eur. non (P.Beauv.) Lindb., L. minus Hampe) 75 Microcampylopus (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. 1 laevigatus (Thér.) Giese & J.-P.Frahm Calymperaceae Kindb. [138] 76 Calymperes Sw. ex F.Weber 1 erosum Müll.Hal. (C. sommieri Bott.) Pottiales M.Fleisch. [139] Pottiaceae Schimp., nom. cons. [140] Timmielloideae R.H.Zander 77 Timmiella (De Not.) Limpr. 1 anomala (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr. 2 barbuloides (Brid.) Mönk. 3 flexiseta (Bruch) Limpr. Merceyoideae Broth. 78 Scopelophila (Mitt.) Lindb. 1 cataractae (Mitt.) Broth. 2 ligulata (Spruce) Spruce Trichostomoideae (Limpr.) Broth. 79 Anoectangium Schwägr., nom. cons. 1 aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt. (A. angustifolium Mitt.) 2 handelii Schiffn. [141] 80 Aschisma Lindb. 1 carniolicum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Lindb. 2 cuynetii (Bizot & R.B.Pierrot) J.Guerra & M.J.Cano (Phascum cuynetii Bizot & R.B.Pierrot) 81 Ephemerum Hampe, nom. cons. 1 cohaerens (Hedw.) Hampe 2 hibernicum Holyoak & V.S.Bryan [142] 3 minutissimum Lindb. (E. serratum var. angustifolium (Bruch & Schimp.) Bruch & Schimp., E. serratum var. minutissimum (Lindb.) Grout) [143] 4 recurvifolium (Dicks.) Boulay 5 serratum (Hedw.) Hampe (E. serratum var. rutheanum (Schimp.) Jur.) [143] 6 sessile (Bruch) Müll.Hal. 7 spinulosum Bruch & Schimp. ex Schimp. [144] 8 stellatum H.Philib. 82 Eucladium Bruch & Schimp. 1 verticillatum (With.) Bruch & Schimp. [145] var. angustifolium Lindb. var. verticillatum 83 Gymnostomum Nees & Hornsch., nom. cons. [146] 1 aeruginosum Sm. var. aeruginosum var. obscurum J.Guerra [147] 2 boreale Nyholm & Hedenäs 3 calcareum Nees & Hornsch. 4 lanceolatum M.J.Cano, Ros & J.Guerra [146] 5 viridulum Brid. 84 Gyroweisia Schimp., nom. cons. 1 reflexa (Brid.) Schimp. 2 tenuis (Hedw.) Schimp. (G. tenuis var. badia Limpr.) 85 Hymenostylium Brid. 1 recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dixon (Gymnostomum recurvirostrum Hedw.) [148] var. insigne (Dixon) E.B.Bartram (H. insigne (Dixon) Podp.) var. recurvirostrum MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 86 Hyophila Brid., nom. cons. 1 involuta (Hook.) A.Jaeger 87 Leptobarbula Schimp. 1 berica (De Not.) Schimp. 88 Micromitrium Austin 1 tenerum (Bruch & Schimp.) Crosby 89 Molendoa Lindb. 1 hornschuchiana (Hook.) Lindb. ex Limpr. (Anoectangium hornschuchianum (Hook.) Funck ex Hornsch.) 2 schliephackei (Schlieph.) R.H.Zander (Anoectangium schliephackei (Schlieph.) Paris) 3 sendtneriana (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr. (Anoectangium sendtnerianum Bruch & Schimp.) 4 taeniatifolia Herzog (Anoectangium taeniatifolium (Herzog) M.O.Hill) 5 tenuinervis Limpr. (Anoectangium tenuinerve (Limpr.) Paris) 6 warburgii (Crundw. & M.O.Hill) R.H.Zander (Anoectangium warburgii Crundw. & M.O.Hill) 90 Oxystegus (Broth.) Hilp. 1 hibernicus (Mitt.) Hilp. (Trichostomum hibernicum (Mitt.) Dixon) 2 tenuirostris (Hook. & Taylor) A.J.E.Sm. (Trichostomum tenuirostre (Hook. & Taylor) Lindb.) 91 Pleurochaete Lindb. [149] 1 squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb. 92 Pottiopsis Blockeel & A.J.E.Sm. 1 caespitosa (Brid.) Blockeel & A.J.E.Sm. (Pottia caespitosa (Brid.) Müll.Hal., Trichostomum caespitosum (Brid.) Jur.) 93 Splachnobryum Müll.Hal. 1 obtusum (Brid.) Müll.Hal. (S. delicatulum Broth.) [150] 94 Tortella (Müll.Hal.) Limpr., nom. cons. [151] 1 alpicola Dixon [152] 2 bambergeri (Schimp.) Broth. (T. tortuosa var. bambergeri (Schimp.) Düll) [153] 3 flavovirens (Bruch) Broth. (T. flavovirens var. minor Lindb.) var. flavovirens (T. flavovirens var. viridiflava (De Not.) Casares-Gil) var. glareicola (T.A.Chr.) Crundw. & Nyholm (T. glareicola T.A.Chr.) var. papillosissima Sérgio & Casas 4 fragilis (Hook. & Wilson) Limpr. 5 humilis (Hedw.) Jenn. 6 inclinata (R.Hedw.) Limpr. var. densa (Lorentz & Molendo) Limpr. (T. densa (Lorentz & Molendo) Crundw. & Nyholm) [154] var. inclinata 7 inflexa (Bruch) Broth. 8 limbata (Schiffn.) Geh. & Herzog [155] 9 limosella (Stirt.) P.W.Richards & E.C.Wallace [156] 10 nitida (Lindb.) Broth. (T. cirrifolia (Mitt.) Broth.) [157] 11 rigens Alberts. 12 tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. 211 var. fragilifolia (Jur.) Limpr. var. tortuosa 95 Trichostomum Bruch, nom. cons. [158] 1 arcticum Kaal. 2 brachydontium Bruch (Hyophila treleasei Cardot [159]) 3 crispulum Bruch 4 triumphans De Not. (T. pallidisetum H.Müll., Weissia triumphans (De Not.) M.O.Hill) 96 Weissia Hedw. (Astomum Hampe) [160] [161] 1 brachycarpa (Nees & Hornsch.) Jur. (Hymenostomum microstomum (Hedw.) R.Br. ex Nees & Hornsch.) 2 condensa (Voit) Lindb. var. armata (Thér. & Trab.) M.J.Cano, Ros & J.Guerra (W. papillosissima Laz.) var. condensa 3 controversa Hedw. var. controversa var. crispata (Nees & Hornsch.) Nyholm (W. fallax Sehlm.) var. densifolia (Bruch & Schimp.) Wilson 4 levieri (Limpr.) Kindb. (Astomum levieri Limpr.) 5 longifolia Mitt. (Astomum crispum (Hedw.) Hampe) 6 multicapsularis (Sm.) Mitt. (Astomum multicapsulare (Sm.) Bruch & Schimp.) 7 perssonii Kindb. 8 rostellata (Brid.) Lindb. 9 rutilans (Hedw.) Lindb. 10 squarrosa (Nees & Hornsch.) Müll.Hal. (Hymenostomum squarrosum Nees & Hornsch.) 11 sterilis W.E.Nicholson 12 tyrrhena M.Fleisch. 13 wimmeriana (Sendtn.) Bruch & Schimp. (W. controversa var. wimmeriana (Sendtn.) Blockeel & A.J.E.Sm., W. wimmeriana subsp. pallescens (Schimp. ex Besch.) Giacom.) [162] Pottioideae (Limpr.) Broth. 97 Acaulon Müll.Hal. 1 casasianum Brugués & H.A.Crum 2 dertosense Casas, Sérgio, Cros & Brugués 3 fontiquerianum Casas & Sérgio 4 mediterraneum Limpr. (A. muticum var. mediterraneum (Limpr.) Sérgio) [163] 5 muticum (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. 6 piligerum (De Not.) Limpr. 7 triquetrum (Spruce) Müll.Hal. 98 Aloina Kindb., nom. cons. 1 aloides (Koch ex Schultz) Kindb. 2 ambigua (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr. (A. aloides var. ambigua (Bruch & Schimp.) E.J.Craig) 3 bifrons (De Not.) Delgad. 4 brevirostris (Hook. & Grev.) Kindb. 5 humilis M.T.Gallego, M.J.Cano & Ros [164] 6 obliquifolia (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (A. rigida var. mucronulata (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr., A. rigida var. obliquifolia (Müll.Hal.) Delgad.) [165] 7 rigida (Hedw.) Limpr. 99 Barbula Hedw., nom. cons. [139] [166] 212 M. O. HILL ET AL. 1 bicolor (Bruch & Schimp.) Lindb. 2 bolleana (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (B. ehrenbergii (Lorentz) M.Fleisch.) 3 convoluta Hedw. (Streblotrichum convolutum (Hedw.) P.Beauv.) var. convoluta var. sardoa Schimp. (B. commutata Jur., B. convoluta var. commutata (Jur.) Husn., B. convoluta var. uliginosa (Limpr.) Limpr., B. sardoa (Schimp.) J.-P.Frahm, nom. inval.) [167] 4 crocea (Brid.) F.Weber & D.Mohr 5 enderesii Garov. 6 indica (Hook.) Spreng. 7 unguiculata Hedw. 100 Bryoerythrophyllum P.C.Chen 1 alpigenum (Venturi) P.C.Chen (B. recurvirostrum var. dentatum (Schimp.) H.A.Crum, Steere & L.E.Anderson) 2 caledonicum D.G.Long 3 campylocarpum (Müll.Hal.) H.A.Crum (B. lusitanicum (Cardot & Dixon) M.O.Hill, B. machadoanum (Sérgio) M.O.Hill, Hyophila lusitanica Cardot & Dixon, Hyophila machadoana Sérgio) [168] 4 ferruginascens (Stirt.) Giacom. 5 inaequalifolium (Taylor) R.H.Zander 6 recurvirostrum (Hedw.) P.C.Chen 7 rubrum (Jur. ex Geh.) P.C.Chen 101 Cinclidotus P.Beauv., nom. cons. [169] 1 aquaticus (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 2 confertus Lüth [170] 3 danubicus Schiffn. & Baumgartner 4 fontinaloides (Hedw.) P.Beauv. 5 pachylomoides Bizot 6 riparius (Host ex Brid.) Arn. 7 vivesii Ederra [171] 102 Crossidium Jur., nom. cons. 1 aberrans Holz. & E.B.Bartram 2 crassinerve (De Not.) Jur. 3 davidai Catches. [172] 4 geheebii (Broth.) Broth. [173] 5 laevipilum Thér. & Trab. [174] 6 laxefilamentosum W.Frey & Kürschner [175] 7 squamiferum (Viv.) Jur. var. pottioideum (De Not.) Mönk. var. squamiferum 103 Dialytrichia (Schimp.) Limpr. 1 fragilifolia (Bizot & J.Roux) F.Lara (D. mucronata var. fragilifolia Bizot & J.Roux) [176] 2 mucronata (Brid.) Broth. (Cinclidotus mucronatus (Brid.) Guim.) 104 Didymodon Hedw. [177] [178] [179] 1 acutus (Brid.) K.Saito (Barbula acuta (Brid.) Brid.) 2 asperifolius (Mitt.) H.A.Crum, Steere & L.E.Anderson (Barbula asperifolia Mitt., Barbula kneuckeri Loeske & Osterwald, D. ferrugineus var. kneuckeri (Loeske & Osterwald) Düll, D. rufus Lorentz) [180] 3 australasiae (Hook. & Grev.) R.H.Zander (D. aaronis (Lorentz) J.Guerra, D. incrassatus (Lindb.) Broth., Trichostomopsis aaronis (Lorentz) S.Agnew & C.C.Towns., Trichostomopsis australasiae (Hook. & Grev.) H.Rob.) [181] 4 bistratosus Hébr. & R.B.Pierrot [182] 5 brachyphyllus (Sull.) R.H.Zander [183] 6 cordatus Jur. (Barbula cordata (Jur.) Loeske) 7 erosus J.A.Jiménez & J.Guerra [184] 8 fallax (Hedw.) R.H.Zander (Barbula adriatica Baumgartner, Barbula fallax Hedw.) [180] 9 ferrugineus (Schimp. ex Besch.) M.O.Hill (Barbula reflexa (Brid.) Brid.) 10 giganteus (Funck) Jur. (Barbula gigantea Funck, Geheebia gigantea (Funck) Boulay) [180] 11 glaucus Ryan (Barbula rigidula subsp. verbana (W.E.Nicholson & Dixon) Podp., Barbula rigidula var. glauca (Ryan) J.J.Amann) 12 icmadophilus (Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) K.Saito (Barbula acuta var. icmadophila (Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) H.A.Crum) 13 insulanus (De Not.) M.O.Hill (Barbula cylindrica (Taylor) Schimp., Barbula vinealis var. cylindrica (Taylor) Boulay, D. vinealis var. flaccidus (Bruch & Schimp.) R.H.Zander) 14 johansenii (R.S.Williams) H.A.Crum (Barbula johansenii R.S.Williams) 15 lamyanus (Schimp.) Thér. [185] 16 luridus Hornsch. (Barbula lurida Hornsch., D. trifarius auct. non (Hedw.) Röhl.) 17 maximus (Syed & Crundw.) M.O.Hill (Barbula reflexa var. robusta Braithw.) [180] 18 nicholsonii Culm. 19 rigidulus Hedw. (Barbula rigidula (Hedw.) Milde, D. mamillosus (Crundw.) M.O.Hill) [186] 20 sicculus M.J.Cano, Ros, Garcı́a-Zamora & J.Guerra [187] 21 sinuosus (Mitt.) Delogne (Barbula sinuosa (Mitt.) Grav.) 22 spadiceus (Mitt.) Limpr. (Barbula insidiosa Jur. & Milde, Barbula spadicea (Mitt.) Braithw., D. barbuloides Lib. ex Marchal, D. zetterstedtii Schimp., Limneria viridula Stirt.) [180] 23 subandreaeoides (Kindb.) R.H.Zander (D. rigidulus subsp. andreaeoides (Limpr.) Wijk & Margad.) [188] 24 tomaculosus (Blockeel) M.F.V.Corley 25 tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa (Barbula tophacea (Brid.) Mitt., D. bosniacus Głow., D. spadiceus var. siluricus Velen.) [180] 26 umbrosus (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander (D. australasiae var. umbrosus (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander, D. trivialis (Müll.Hal.) J.Guerra, Trichostomopsis trivialis (Müll.Hal.) H.Rob., Trichostomopsis umbrosa (Müll.Hal.) H.Rob.) [189] 27 vinealis (Brid.) R.H.Zander (Barbula vinealis Brid.) 105 Hennediella Paris MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 1 heimii (Hedw.) R.H.Zander (Desmatodon heimii (Hedw.) Mitt., Pottia heimii (Hedw.) Hampe) var. arctica (Lindb.) R.H.Zander (Desmatodon heimii var. arcticum (Lindb.) H.A.Crum) var. heimii 2 macrophylla (R.Br.bis) Paris [190] 3 stanfordensis (Steere) Blockeel 106 Hilpertia R.H.Zander 1 velenovskyi (Schiffn.) R.H.Zander 107 Leptodontium (Müll.Hal.) Lindb. 1 flexifolium (Dicks.) Hampe 2 gemmascens (Mitt.) Braithw. 3 styriacum (Jur.) Limpr. 108 Leptophascum (Müll.Hal.) J.Guerra & M.J.Cano 1 leptophyllum (Müll.Hal.) J.Guerra & M.J.Cano (Chenia leptophylla (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander, Chenia rhizophylla (Sakurai) R.H.Zander, Phascum leptophyllum Müll.Hal., Tortula rhizophylla (Sakurai) Z.Iwats. & K.Saito) 109 Microbryum Schimp. [191] 1 curvicollum (Hedw.) R.H.Zander (M. piptocarpum (Durieu & Mont.) J.Guerra & M.J.Cano, Phascum curvicollum Hedw., Phascum piptocarpum Durieu & Mont.) [32] [19] 2 davallianum (Sm.) R.H.Zander (Pottia commutata Limpr., Pottia conica (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) Fürnr. ex Paris, Pottia davalliana (Sm.) C.E.O.Jensen, Pottia starckeana subsp. conica (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) D.F.Chamb., Pottia starckeana subsp. minutula (Schwägr.) D.F.Chamb., Pottia starckeana var. minutula (Schwägr.) Corb.) [193] 3 floerkeanum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. (Phascum floerkeanum F.Weber & D.Mohr) 4 fosbergii (E.B.Bartram) Ros, O.Werner & Rams (M. starckeanum var. fosbergii (E.B.Bartram) R.H.Zander, Pottia 6andalusica Ros & R.Oliva) [194] 5 longipes (J.Guerra, J.J.Martı́nez & Ros) R.H.Zander (Phascum longipes J.Guerra, J.J.Martı́nez & Ros) 6 rectum (With.) R.H.Zander (Pottia recta (With.) Mitt.) 7 starckeanum (Hedw.) R.H.Zander (Pottia mutica Venturi, Pottia starckeana (Hedw.) Müll.Hal., Pottia starckeana var. brachyodus (Bruch & Schimp.) Müll.Hal.) [193] [195] 110 Paraleptodontium D.G.Long 1 recurvifolium (Taylor) D.G.Long (Trichostomum recurvifolium (Taylor) R.H.Zander) 111 Phascum Hedw. 1 cuspidatum Hedw. (Tortula acaulon (With.) R.H.Zander, Tortula atherodes R.H.Zander) var. cuspidatum (P. cuspidatum var. curvisetum (Dicks.) Nees & Hornsch., P. cuspidatum var. mitraeforme Limpr., Tortula atherodes var. curviseta (Dicks.) R.H.Zander) var. papillosum (Lindb.) G.Roth (P. cuspidatum subsp. papillosum (Lindb.) J.Guerra & Ros, Tortula acaulon var. papillosa (Lindb.) R.H.Zander, Tortula atherodes var. papillosa R.H.Zander) 213 var. piliferum (Hedw.) Hook. & Taylor (Tortula acaulon var. pilifera (Hedw.) R.H.Zander Tortula atherodes var. pilifera (Hedw.) R.H.Zander) var. retortifolium J.Guerra & Ros var. schreberianum (Dicks.) Brid. (Tortula acaulon var. schreberiana (Dicks.) R.H.Zander, Tortula atherodes var. schreberiana (Dicks.) R.H.Zander) 2 vlassovii Laz. (Microbryum vlassovii (Laz.) R.H.Zander) 112 Protobryum J.Guerra & M.J.Cano 1 bryoides (Dicks.) J.Guerra & M.J.Cano (Pottia bryoides (Dicks.) Mitt., Tortula protobryoides R.H.Zander) 113 Pseudocrossidium R.S.Williams 1 hornschuchianum (Schultz) R.H.Zander (Barbula hornschuchiana Schultz) 2 obtusulum (Lindb.) H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson (P. revolutum var. obtusulum (Lindb.) B.C.Tan, R.H.Zander & Taylor,Terry) [196] 3 replicatum (Taylor) R.H.Zander [197] 4 revolutum (Brid.) R.H.Zander (Barbula revoluta Brid.) 114 Pterygoneurum Jur., nom. cons. 1 compactum M.J.Cano, J.Guerra & Ros [198] 2 crossidioides W.Frey, Herrnst. & Kürschner [199] 3 kozlovii Laz. 4 lamellatum (Lindb.) Jur. 5 ovatum (Hedw.) Dixon (P. ovatum var. incanum Jur.) 6 papillosum Oesau [200] 7 sampaianum (Guim.) Guim. 8 squamosum Segarra & Kürschner [201] 9 subsessile (Brid.) Jur. 115 Stegonia Venturi 1 latifolia (Schwägr.) Venturi ex Broth. (S. latifolia var. latifolia, S. latifolia var. pilifera (Brid.) Broth.) 116 Syntrichia Brid. [202] 1 bogotensis (Hampe) R.H.Zander [203] 2 calcicola J.J.Amann (S. densa (Velen.) J.-P.Frahm, Tortula calcicolens W.A.Kramer, Tortula densa (Velen.) J.-P.Frahm, Tortula ruralis var. calcicola (J.J.Amann) Barkman, Tortula ruralis var. densa Velen.) [204] 3 caninervis Mitt. (Tortula caninervis (Mitt.) Broth.) [205] var. abranchesii (Luisier) R.H.Zander (S. abranchesii (Luisier) Ochyra, Tortula abranchesii Luisier) [206] var. astrakhanica Ignatov, Ignatova & Suragina [207] var. caninervis var. gypsophila (J.J.Amann ex G.Roth) Ochyra (S. caninervis var. spuria (J.J.Amann) R.H.Zander, S. ruralis var. gypsophila (J.J.Amann ex G.Roth) J.J.Amann, S. ruralis var. spuria (J.J.Amann) Podp., Tortula caninervis subsp. spuria (J.J.Amann) W.A.Kramer, Tortula caninervis subsp. spuria var. gypsophila (J.J.Amann ex G.Roth) W.A.Kramer, Tortula ruralis var. gypsophila J.J.Amann ex G.Roth, Tortula spuria J.J.Amann) 4 echinata (Schiffn.) Herrnst. & Ben-Sasson (S. princeps subsp. echinata (Schiffn.) Podp., S. princeps var. 214 M. O. HILL ET AL. echinata (Schiffn.) R.H.Zander, Tortula echinata Schiffn.) [202] 5 fragilis (Taylor) Ochyra (Barbula alpina var. inermis Milde, S. mutica Giacom., Tortula fragilis Taylor) 6 glabra J.-P.Frahm & M.T.Gallego [208] 7 handelii (Schiffn.) S.Agnew & Vondr. (S. montana subsp. handelii (Schiffn.) Podp., Tortula handelii Schiffn., Tortula intermedia subsp. handelii (Schiffn.) Wijk & Margad.) 8 laevipila Brid. (S. laevipila var. laevipilaeformis (De Not.) J.J.Amann, S. pagorum (Milde) J.J.Amann, Tortula laevipila (Brid.) Schwägr., Tortula laevipila var. meridionalis (Schimp.) Wijk & Margad., Tortula laevipila var. notarisii Barkman, Tortula laevipila var. wachteri Barkman, Tortula laevipilaeformis De Not., Tortula pagorum (Milde) De Not., Tortula saccardoana De Not.) [209] 9 latifolia (Bruch ex Hartm.) Huebener (Tortula latifolia Bruch ex Hartm.) 10 minor (Bizot) M.T.Gallego, J.Guerra, M.J.Cano, Ros & Sánchez-Moya [210] 11 montana Nees (S. intermedia Brid., Tortula crinita (De Not.) De Not., Tortula intermedia (Brid.) Berk., hom. illeg. [211]) var. calva (Durieu & Sagot ex Bruch & Schimp.) J.J.Amann (Tortula crinita var. calva (Durieu & Sagot ex Bruch & Schimp.) Nebel & Heinrichs, Tortula ruralis var. calva (Durieu & Sagot ex Bruch & Schimp.) C.Hartm.) var. montana 12 norvegica F.Weber (Tortula norvegica (F.Weber) Lindb.) 13 papillosa (Wilson) Jur. (Tortula papillosa var. meridionalis Warnst. [212], Tortula papillosa Wilson) 14 papillosissima (Copp.) Loeske (S. ruralis var. hirsuta (Venturi) Podp., Tortula hirsuta (Venturi) Laz., Tortula papillosissima (Copp.) Broth., Tortula ruralis subsp. hirsuta (Venturi) W.A.Kramer, Tortula ruralis var. hirsuta (Venturi) Paris) [202] 15 princeps (De Not.) Mitt. (Tortula princeps De Not.) [213] 16 rigescens (Broth. & Geh.) Ochyra (Tortula rigescens Broth. & Geh.) [202] 17 ruralis (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr (Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.) var. ruraliformis (Besch.) Delogne (S. ruraliformis (Besch.) Cardot, S. ruralis var. arenicola J.J.Amann, Tortula ruraliformis (Besch.) Ingham, Tortula ruralis var. ruraliformis (Besch.) De Wild.) [214] var. ruralis (S. ruralis var. glacialis J.J.Amann) 18 sinensis (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra (Tortula sinensis (Müll.Hal.) Broth.) 19 subpapillosissima (Bizot & R.B.Pierrot ex W.A.Kramer) M.T.Gallego & J.Guerra (Tortula papillosissima var. submamillosa (W.A.Kramer) Heinrichs & Caspari, Tortula ruraliformis var. subpapillosissima Bizot & R.B.Pierrot ex W.A.Kramer, Tortula ruralis var. submamillosa W.A.Kramer) [215] 20 virescens (De Not.) Ochyra (Tortula virescens (De Not.) De Not.) 117 Tortula Hedw., nom. cons. (Desmatodon Brid., Pottia Ehrh. ex Fürnr.) [216] [217] 1 amplexa (Lesq.) Steere (Syntrichia amplexa (Lesq.) R.H.Zander) 2 ampliretis Crundw. & D.G.Long [218] 3 atrovirens (Sm.) Lindb. 4 bogosica (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander (Desmatodon bogosicus Müll.Hal.) 5 bolanderi (Lesq. & James) M.Howe (Syntrichia bolanderi (Lesq. & James) R.H.Zander) [219] 6 brevissima Schiffn. [221] 7 canescens Mont. 8 cernua (Huebener) Lindb. (Desmatodon cernuus (Huebener) Bruch & Schimp.) 9 cuneifolia (Dicks.) Turner 10 freibergii Dixon & Loeske 11 guepinii (Bruch & Schimp.) Broth. (Desmatodon guepinii Bruch & Schimp.) 12 hoppeana (Schultz) Ochyra (Desmatodon latifolius (Hedw.) Brid., T. eucalyptrata Lindb., T. euryphylla R.H.Zander) [222] 13 inermis (Brid.) Mont. (Syntrichia inermis (Brid.) Bruch) [219] 14 israelis Bizot & F.Bilewsky (T. baetica (Casas & R.Oliva) J.Guerra & Ros, T. muralis var. baetica Casas & R.Oliva) [220] 15 lanceola R.H.Zander (Pottia lanceolata (Hedw.) Müll.Hal.) 16 laureri (Schultz) Lindb. (Desmatodon laureri (Schultz) Bruch & Schimp.) 17 leucostoma (R.Br.) Hook. & Grev. (Desmatodon leucostoma (R.Br.) Berggr.) 18 lingulata Lindb. 19 marginata (Bruch & Schimp.) Spruce (Desmatodon meridionalis Luisier) [223] 20 modica R.H.Zander (Pottia intermedia (Turner) Fürnr.) 21 mucronifolia Schwägr. 22 muralis Hedw. 23 obtusifolia (Schwägr.) Mathieu 24 pallida (Lindb.) R.H.Zander (Pottia pallida Lindb., P. cuneifolia Solms ex Schimp., T. zoddae R.H.Zander) [224] 25 randii (Kenn.) R.H.Zander (Desmatodon oxneri Laz., Desmatodon randii (Kenn.) Laz.) 26 revolvens (Schimp.) G.Roth 27 rhodonia R.H.Zander (Desmatodon wilczekii Meyl.) [225] 28 schimperi M.J.Cano, O.Werner & J.Guerra (T. angustata Lindb., hom. illeg., T. subulata var. angustata (Schimp.) Limpr.) [226] MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 29 solmsii (Schimp.) Limpr. (T. marginata subsp. limbata (Lindb.) Podp.) [227] 30 subulata Hedw. (T. subulata var. graeffii Warnst., T. subulata var. subinermis (Bruch & Schimp.) Wilson) [226] 31 systylia (Schimp.) Lindb. (Desmatodon systylius Schimp.) 32 truncata (Hedw.) Mitt. (Pottia truncata (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp.) 33 ucrainica (Laz.) R.H.Zander (Desmatodon ucrainicus Laz.) 34 vahliana (Schultz) Mont. 35 viridifolia (Mitt.) Blockeel & A.J.E.Sm. (Pottia crinita Bruch & Schimp.) 36 wilsonii (Hook.) R.H.Zander (Pottia wilsonii (Hook.) Bruch & Schimp.) 118 Triquetrella Müll.Hal. 1 arapilensis Luisier Splachnales (M.Fleisch.) Ochyra Splachnaceae Grev. & Arn. 119 Aplodon R.Br. 1 wormskioldii (Hornem.) R.Br. [32] 120 Splachnum Hedw. 1 ampullaceum Hedw. 2 luteum Hedw. 3 melanocaulon (Wahlenb.) Schwägr. 4 pensylvanicum (Brid.) Grout ex H.A.Crum 5 rubrum Hedw. 6 sphaericum Hedw. 7 vasculosum Hedw. 121 Tayloria Hook. 1 acuminata Hornsch. 2 froelichiana (Hedw.) Mitt. ex Broth. 3 hornschuchii (Grev. & Arn.) Broth. 4 lingulata (Dicks.) Lindb. 5 rudolphiana (Garov.) Bruch & Schimp. 6 serrata (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 7 splachnoides (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) Hook. 8 tenuis (Dicks.) Schimp. (T. serrata var. tenuis (Dicks.) Bruch & Schimp.) 122 Tetraplodon Bruch & Schimp. 1 angustatus (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 2 blyttii Frisvoll 3 mnioides (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 4 pallidus I.Hagen 5 paradoxus (R.Br.) I.Hagen 6 urceolatus (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. [228] 123 Voitia Hornsch. 1 hyperborea Grev. & Arn. 2 nivalis Hornsch. Meesiaceae Schimp. 124 Amblyodon P.Beauv., nom. cons. 1 dealbatus (Hedw.) P.Beauv. 125 Leptobryum (Bruch & Schimp.) Wilson 1 pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson 126 Meesia Hedw., nom. cons. 1 hexasticha (Funck) Bruch 215 2 longiseta Hedw. 3 triquetra (L. ex Jolycl.) Ångstr. 4 uliginosa Hedw. 127 Paludella Brid. 1 squarrosa (Hedw.) Brid. Orthotrichales Dixon Orthotrichaceae Arn. 128 Orthotrichum Hedw. Subgenus Orthotrichum [229] 1 anomalum Hedw. 2 cupulatum Hoffm. ex Brid. var. bistratosum Schiffn. var. cupulatum var. fuscum (Venturi) Boulay (O. limprichtii I.Hagen) [230] var. riparium Huebener (O. cupulatum var. nudum (Dicks.) Braithw.) 3 pellucidum Lindb. 4 urnigerum Myrin Subgenus Pulchella (Schimp.) Vitt 5 alpestre Bruch & Schimp. 6 casasianum F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka [231] 7 consimile Mitt. 8 crenulatum Mitt. [231] [232] 9 diaphanum Schrad. ex Brid. 10 handiense F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka [233] 11 hispanicum F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka [234] 12 macrocephalum F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka [235] 13 microcarpum De Not. 14 pallens Bruch ex Brid. (O. paradoxum Gronvall) 15 patens Bruch ex Brid. 16 philibertii Venturi 17 pulchellum Brunt. 18 pumilum Sw. ex anon. [106] 19 rivulare Turner 20 rogeri Brid. 21 scanicum Gronvall (O. lewinskyae F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka) [236] 22 schimperi Hammar [237] 23 sprucei Mont. 24 stellatum Brid. 25 stramineum Hornsch. ex Brid. (O. rogeri var. defluens (Venturi) Venturi) [238] 26 tenellum Bruch ex Brid. (O. australe Jur.) [239] 27 vittii F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka [240] Subgenus Callistoma (Z.Iwats. & Sharp) Lewinsky 28 callistomum Fisch.-Oost. ex Bruch & Schimp. Subgenus Orthophyllum Delogne 29 gymnostomum Bruch ex Brid. 30 obtusifolium Brid. Subgenus Phaneroporum Delogne 31 laevigatum J.E.Zetterst. (O. arcangelianum Massari) [241] 32 rupestre Schleich. ex Schwägr. 33 shawii Wilson [242] Subgenus Gymnoporus (Braithw.) Limpr. 34 acuminatum H.Philib. 216 M. O. HILL ET AL. 35 affine Schrad. ex Brid. (O. fastigiatum Bruch ex Brid.) 36 ibericum F.Lara & Mazimpaka [243] 37 lyellii Hook. & Taylor 38 pylaisii Brid. 39 sordidum Sull. & Lesq. (O. caucasicum Venturi) [244] 40 speciosum Nees (O. elegans auct. eur. non Schwägr.) [245] var. brevisetum F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka [246] var. speciosum 41 striatum Hedw. 42 tortidontium F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka [247] 43 vladikavkanum Venturi [248] 129 Ulota D.Mohr 1 bruchii Hornsch. ex Brid. (U. crispa var. norvegica (Gronvall) A.J.E.Sm. & M.O.Hill) 2 calvescens Wilson 3 coarctata (P.Beauv.) Hammar 4 crispa (Hedw.) Brid. (U. intermedia Schimp.) 5 curvifolia (Wahlenb.) Lilj. 6 drummondii (Hook. & Grev.) Brid. 7 hutchinsiae (Sm.) Hammar 8 macrospora E.Bauer & Warnst. [249] 9 phyllantha Brid. 10 rehmannii Jur. 130 Zygodon Hook. & Taylor 1 conoideus (Dicks.) Hook. & Taylor var. conoideus var. lingulatus S.R.Edwards 2 dentatus (Limpr.) Kartt. (Z. viridissimus var. dentatus Limpr.) 3 forsteri (Dicks.) Mitt. (Codonoblepharon forsteri (Dicks.) Goffinet, Zygodon madeirensis Dixon & Luisier) [250] 4 gracilis Wilson 5 rupestris Schimp. ex Lorentz (Z. baumgartneri Malta, Z. viridissimus var. rupestris C.Hartm., Z. vulgaris Nyholm) 6 sibiricus Ignatov, Ignatova, Z.Iwats. & B.C.Tan [251] 7 stirtonii Schimp. ex Stirt. [252] 8 viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid. Hedwigiales Ochyra Hedwigiaceae Schimp. 131 Braunia Bruch & Schimp. 1 alopecura (Brid.) Limpr. 132 Hedwigia P.Beauv., nom. cons. 1 ciliata (Hedw.) P.Beauv. [253] var. ciliata var. leucophaea Bruch & Schimp. [254] 2 integrifolia P.Beauv. (Hedwigidium integrifolium (P.Beauv.) Dixon) 3 stellata Hedenäs [255] Bryales Limpr. Catoscopiaceae Boulay ex Broth. 133 Catoscopium Brid. 1 nigritum (Hedw.) Brid. Bartramiaceae Schwägr. 134 Anacolia Schimp., nom. cons. 1 laevisphaera (Taylor) Flowers [256] 2 menziesii (Turner) Paris [257] 3 webbii (Mont.) Schimp. 135 Bartramia Hedw., nom. cons. section Bartramia 1 halleriana Hedw. 2 pomiformis Hedw. [258] section Pyridium Müll.Hal. [259] 3 breviseta Lindb. (B. ithyphylla var. breviseta (Lindb.) Kindb.) [260] 4 ithyphylla Brid. [261] 5 subulata Bruch & Schimp. section Strictidium Müll.Hal. 6 stricta Brid. 136 Breutelia (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp. 1 azorica (Mitt.) Cardot 2 chrysocoma (Hedw.) Lindb. 137 Conostomum Sw. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr 1 tetragonum (Hedw.) Lindb. 138 Philonotis Brid. section Bartramidula (Bruch & Schimp.) Mitt. 1 cernua (Wilson) D.G.Griffin & W.R.Buck section Philonotula (Schimp.) A.Jaeger 2 rigida Brid. section Homomorphae (Kindb.) Ochyra 3 arnellii Husn. (P. capillaris auct. non Lindb.) 4 hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad. 5 marchica (Hedw.) Brid. (P. marchica var. laxa (Limpr.) Loeske & Warnst. [262]) 6 uncinata (Schwägr.) Brid. [263] section Philonotis 7 caespitosa Jur. 8 calcarea (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp. 9 fontana (Hedw.) Brid. 10 seriata Mitt. 11 tomentella Molendo (P. fontana var. pumila (Turner) Brid.) 139 Plagiopus Brid. 1 oederianus (Sw.) H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson (P. oederi (Brid.) Limpr.) var. alpinus (Schwägr.) Ochyra var. oederianus Bryaceae Schwägr. [264] 140 Anomobryum Schimp. 1 concinnatum (Spruce) Lindb. (A. filiforme subsp. concinnatum (Spruce) J.J.Amann, A. julaceum var. concinnatum (Spruce) J.E.Zetterst., A. leptostomoides Schimp., Bryum concinnatum Spruce, Bryum filiforme var. concinnatum (Spruce) Boulay, Bryum julaceum var. concinnatum (Spruce) Wilson) [265] 2 julaceum (Schrad. ex P.Gaertn. et al.) Schimp. (A. filiforme (Dicks.) Husn., hom. illeg., A. filiforme var. juliforme (Solms) Husn., A. juliforme Solms, Bryum filiforme Dicks., Bryum julaceum Schrad. ex P.Gaertn. et al., Bryum juliforme (Solms) Schimp., Bryum leptostomum Schimp.) 3 lusitanicum (I.Hagen ex Luisier) Thér. [266] MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 141 Brachymenium Schwägr. 1 commutatum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger [267] 2 notarisii (Mitt.) A.J.Shaw (Haplodontium notarisii (Mitt.) Broth.) [268] 3 paradoxum (Herzog) A.J.Shaw (Mielichhoferia paradoxa Herzog) [269] 4 philonotula Broth. [270] 142 Bryum Hedw. (Imbribryum N.Pedersen) [271] [272] [273] [274] [275] 1 algovicum Sendtn. ex Müll.Hal. [276] var. algovicum (B. algovicum var. compactum (Hornsch.) Düll, B. compactum (Hornsch.) Kindb.) var. rutheanum (Warnst.) Crundw. 2 alpinum Huds. ex With. (Imbribryum alpinum (Huds. ex With.) N.Pedersen) 3 apiculatum Schwägr. (B. cruegeri Hampe, B. nitens Hook., Pohlia apiculata (Schwägr.) H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson, Pohlia cruegeri (Hampe) A.L.Andrews) [277] 4 archangelicum Bruch & Schimp. (B. amblyodon Müll.Hal., B. curvatum Kaurin & Arnell, B. imbricatum auct. non? (Schwägr.) Bruch & Schimp., B. inclinatum (Brid.) Turton, hom. illeg. non (Hedw.) Dicks., B. stenotrichum Müll.Hal.) [278] 5 arcticum (R.Br.) Bruch & Schimp. (B. bryoides (R.Br.) Wijk & Margad., B. lawersianum H.Philib., B. purpurascens (R.Br.) Bruch & Schimp.) [278] 6 argenteum Hedw. (Anomobryum lanatum (P.Beauv.) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay, B. argenteum subsp. veronense (De Not.) J.J.Amann, B. argenteum var. lanatum (P.Beauv.) Hampe [280], B. argenteum var. veronense (De Not.) Molendo, B. lanatum (P.Beauv.) Brid., B. veronense De Not.) [279] 7 blindii Bruch & Schimp. [281] 8 bornholmense Wink. & R.Ruthe [282] 9 caespiticium Hedw. (B. badium (Brid.) Schimp., B. comense Schimp.) [283] 10 calophyllum R.Br. (B. acutiforme Limpr., B. axel-blyttii Kaurin ex H.Philib.) [278] 11 canariense Brid. (B. provinciale H.Philib.) [284] 12 capillare Hedw. (B. platyloma Schwägr., B. rufifolium (Dixon) Demaret & R.Wilczek, B. validicostatum Cardot & Dixon, Rosulabryum capillare (Hedw.) J.R.Spence) [278] 13 caucasicum (Schimp. ex Broth.) C.J.Cox & Hedd. (Mielichhoferia caucasia Schimp. ex Broth., Mielichhoferia himalayana Mitt. non Bryum himalayanum (Mitt.) Müll.Hal.) [285] 14 cellulare Hook. (Brachymenium cellulare (Hook.) A.Jaeger, B. splachnoides (Harv.) Müll.Hal. non Dicks.) [269] 15 creberrimum Taylor (B. affine F.W.Schultz non J.F.Gmel. ex Broth., B. cuspidatum (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp., B. lisae De Not.) 16 cryophilum Martensson (B. cyclophyllum var. obtusifolium Lindb., B. obtusifolium Lindb., hom. illeg.) 17 cyclophyllum (Schwägr.) Bruch & Schimp. (B. tortifolium Funck ex Brid.) 217 18 demaretianum Arts [286] 19 dichotomum Hedw. (B. balticum Nyholm & Hedenäs, B. barnesii J.B.Wood ex Schimp., B. bicolor Dicks., B. dunense A.J.E.Sm. & H.Whitehouse, B. excurrens Lindb., B. versicolor A.Braun ex Bruch & Schimp.) [287] 20 dixonii Cardot ex W.E.Nicholson (B. bicolor subsp. dixonii (Cardot ex W.E.Nicholson) Podp.) 21 donianum Grev. (B. obovatum Mitt., B. pachyloma Cardot) 22 dyffrynense Holyoak [287] 23 elegans Nees (B. capillare var. elegans (Nees) Husn., B. capillare var. ferchelii (Funck ex Brid.) Bruch & Schimp., B. chibinense Schljakov, B. stirtonii Schimp., Rosulabryum elegans (Nees) Ochyra) [278] 24 funckii Schwägr. (B. funkii auct. non Schwägr.) [278] 25 gemmiferum R.Wilczek & Demaret 26 gemmilucens R.Wilczek & Demaret 27 gemmiparum De Not. (B. alpinum subsp. gemmiparum (De Not.) Kindb.) 28 intermedium (Brid.) Blandow (B. nitidulum Lindb.) [278] 29 klinggraeffii Schimp. 30 knowltonii Barnes (B. lacustre (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Blandow non Brid.) 31 kunzei Hornsch. (B. caespiticium subsp. kunzei (Hornsch.) Podp., B. caespiticium var. imbricatum Bruch & Schimp., B. caespiticium var. kunzei (Hornsch.) Braithw., nom. illeg.) [278] [283] [288] 32 longisetum Blandow ex Schwägr. (B. inclinatum subsp. longisetum (Blandow ex Schwägr.) Podp.) 33 marratii Hook.f. & Wilson 34 mildeanum Jur. (B. alpinum var. mildeanum (Jur.) Podp.) 35 miniatum Lesq. [289] 36 minii Podp. [290] 37 moravicum Podp. (B. flaccidum auct. non Brid., B. laevifilum Syed, B. subelegans auct. non Kindb., Rosulabryum laevifilum (Syed) Ochyra) [278] 38 muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp. (B. alpinum var. brevifolium Myrin, Imbribryum muehlenbeckii (Bruch & Schimp.) N.Pedersen) [291] 39 neodamense Itzigs. (B. cavifolium Wilson, nom. nud. in synon., B. crispulum Hampe ex Müll.Hal., B. neodamense var. ovatum (Lange & C.E.O.Jensen) Lindb. & Arnell, B. pseudotriquetrum subsp. neodamense (Itzigs.) J.J.Amann, B. pseudotriquetrum var. cavifolium Schimp., B. subneodamense Kindb.) [292] 40 oblongum Lindb. (B. blindii subsp. oblongum (Lindb.) Kindb., B. blindii var. oblongum (Lindb.) Mönk.) [281] 41 pallens Sw. ex anon. (B. aeneum Blytt ex Bruch & Schimp. [293], B. oeneum Blytt ex Bruch & Schimp. emend. Wijk et al., B. rutilans auct. eur. non Brid., B. subelegans Kindb.) [106] [278] 42 pallescens Schleich. ex Schwägr. (B. lonchocaulon Müll.Hal. [294], B. obconicum Hornsch. ex Bruch & Schimp.) 218 M. O. HILL ET AL. 43 pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) P.Gaertn. et al. (B. castaneum I.Hagen, B. ventricosum Dicks., nom. illeg.) var. bimum (Schreb.) Lilj. (B. bimum (Schreb.) Turner, B. pseudotriquetrum subsp. bimum (Schreb.) Hartm.) [295] var. pseudotriquetrum 44 radiculosum Brid. 45 riparium I.Hagen 46 rubens Mitt. 47 ruderale Crundw. & Nyholm 48 salinum I.Hagen ex Limpr. [296] 49 sauteri Bruch & Schimp. 50 schleicheri DC. (B. schleicheri var. latifolium (Schwägr.) Schimp., B. turbinatum subsp. schleicheri (Schwägr.) Kindb., B. turbinatum var. latifolium (Schwägr.) Bruch & Schimp.) [297] 51 subapiculatum Hampe (B. erythrocarpum auct. partim, B. microerythrocarpum Müll.Hal. & Kindb. ex Macoun) 52 tenuisetum Limpr. 53 torquescens Bruch & Schimp. (B. capillare subsp. icodense (H.Winter) Podp., B. capillare subsp. torquescens (Bruch & Schimp.) Kindb., B. capillare var. torquescens (Bruch & Schimp.) Husn., B. icodense H.Winter, B. obconicum auct. non Hornsch. ex Bruch & Schimp., Rosulabryum torquescens (Bruch & Schimp.) J.R.Spence) [278] [298] 54 turbinatum (Hedw.) Turner (B. syriacum Lorentz) 55 uliginosum (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. (B. cernuum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp.) 56 valparaisense Thér. (B. pyriferum Crundw. & H.Whitehouse) [299] 57 violaceum Crundw. & Nyholm 58 warneum (Röhl.) Brid. (B. mamillatum Lindb., B. oelandicum H.Philib.) [278] 59 weigelii Spreng. (B. duvalii Voit) 60 wrightii Sull. & Lesq. (B. globosum Lindb., B. mamillatum var. globosum (Lindb.) Berggr.) 143 Plagiobryum Lindb. 1 demissum (Hook.) Lindb. (Bryum demissum Hook.) 2 zieri (Hedw.) Lindb. (Bryum zieri Hedw.) [300] 144 Rhodobryum (Schimp.) Limpr., nom. cons. 1 ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. (Bryum ontariense Kindb., R. spathulatum auct. non (Hornsch.) Pócs) [301] 2 roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. (Bryum roseum (Hedw.) P.Gaertn. et al.) Mielichhoferiaceae Schimp. (Mniaceae subfam. Pohlioideae auct., nom. nud.) [302] 145 Epipterygium Lindb. 1 tozeri (Grev.) Lindb. 146 Mielichhoferia Nees & Hornsch. 1 elongata (Hoppe & Hornsch. ex Hook.) Hornsch. (M. mielichhoferiana var. elongata (Hoppe & Hornsch. ex Hook.) Wijk & Margad.) [303] 2 mielichhoferiana (Funck) Loeske (M. mielichhoferi (Hook.) Wijk & Margad., nom. inval.) 147 Pohlia Hedw. [304] [305] section Pohlia bolanderi (Lesq.) Broth. [306] cruda (Hedw.) Lindb. crudoides (Sull. & Lesq.) Broth. elongata Hedw. var. acuminata (Hornsch.) Huebener (P. acuminata Hornsch., P. ambigua (Limpr.) Broth.) [288] [307] var. elongata var. greenii (Brid.) A.J.Shaw (P. elongata var. polymorpha (Hornsch.) Nyholm [288] 5 longicolla (Hedw.) Lindb. [32] 6 nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. [308] subsp. nutans subsp. schimperi (Müll.Hal.) Nyholm (P. nutans var. purpurascens Latzel, P. schimperi (Müll.Hal.) A.L.Andrews) [308] 7 obtusifolia (Vill. ex Brid.) L.F.Koch 8 saprophila (Müll.Hal.) Broth. [309] 9 sphagnicola (Bruch & Schimp.) Broth. section Cacodon Lindb. ex Broth. 10 andalusica (Höhn.) Broth. 11 andrewsii A.J.Shaw 12 annotina (Hedw.) Lindb. (P. grandiflora H.Lindb.) 13 bulbifera (Warnst.) Warnst. 14 camptotrachela (Renauld & Cardot) Broth. 15 drummondii (Müll.Hal.) A.L.Andrews 16 erecta Lindb. (P. defecta (Sanio) A.L.Andrews) 17 filum (Schimp.) Martensson (P. schleicheri H.A.Crum) 18 flexuosa Hook. (P. muyldermansii R.Wilczek & Demaret) [310] var. flexuosa var. pseudomuyldermansii (Arts, Nordhorn-Richter & A.J.E.Sm.) A.J.E.Sm. (P. muyldermansii var. pseudomuyldermansii Arts, Nordhorn-Richter & A.J.E.Sm.) [311] 19 lescuriana (Sull.) Ochi (Mniobryum pulchellum (Hedw.) Loeske) 20 ludwigii (Spreng. ex Schwägr.) Broth. 21 lutescens (Limpr.) H.Lindb. 22 proligera (Kindb.) Lindb. ex Broth. 23 scotica Crundw. 24 tundrae A.J.Shaw [312] section Apalodictyon (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra (section Mniobryum Nyholm, nom. inval.) 25 atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) H.Lindb. 26 melanodon (Brid.) A.J.Shaw (Mniobryum delicatulum (Hedw.) Dixon) 27 vexans (Limpr.) H.Lindb. 28 wahlenbergii (F.Weber & D.Mohr) A.L.Andrews (Mniobryum wahlenbergii (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Jenn.) var. calcarea (Warnst.) E.F.Warb. var. glacialis (Brid.) E.F.Warb. var. wahlenbergii 148 Schizymenium Harv. 1 pontevedrense (Luisier) Sérgio, Casas, Cros & Brugués Mniaceae Schwägr. [302] 149 Mnium Hedw., nom. cons. 1 2 3 4 MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA section Mnium 1 hornum Hedw. section Spinosa (Kindb.) T.J.Kop. 2 spinosum (Voit) Schwägr. 3 spinulosum Bruch & Schimp. 4 thomsonii Schimp. section Laevinervia P.C.Chen ex X.J.Li & M.Zang 5 lycopodioides Schwägr. (M. ambiguum H.Müll.) [313] 6 marginatum (Dicks.) P.Beauv. var. dioicum (H.Müll.) Crundw. (M. marginatum var. riparium (Mitt.) Husn.) var. marginatum section Stellariformia (Kindb.) T.J.Kop. 7 blyttii Bruch & Schimp. 8 heterophyllum (Hook.) Schwägr. 9 stellare Hedw. 150 Trachycystis T.J.Kop. 1 ussuriensis (Maack & Regel) T.J.Kop. (T. immarginata (Broth.) Laz.) [314] Cinclidiaceae Kindb. (Mniaceae tribus Cinclidieae T.J.Kop.) [302] 151 Cinclidium Sw. 1 arcticum (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp. 2 latifolium Lindb. 3 stygium Sw. 4 subrotundum Lindb. 152 Cyrtomnium Holmen 1 hymenophylloides (Huebener) T.J.Kop. 2 hymenophyllum (Bruch & Schimp.) Holmen 153 Rhizomnium (Broth.) T.J.Kop. 1 andrewsianum (Steere) T.J.Kop. 2 gracile T.J.Kop. 3 magnifolium (Horik.) T.J.Kop. 4 pseudopunctatum (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. 5 punctatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. Plagiomniaceae T.J.Kop. (Mniaceae tribus Plagiomnieae T.J.Kop.) [302] 154 Plagiomnium T.J.Kop. section Plagiomnium 1 cuspidatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. 2 drummondii (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. section Rosulata (Kindb.) T.J.Kop. 3 affine (Blandow ex Funck) T.J.Kop. 4 curvatulum (Lindb.) Schljakov (P. medium subsp. curvatulum (Lindb.) T.J.Kop.) [315] 5 elatum (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. 6 ellipticum (Brid.) T.J.Kop. 7 medium (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. section Undulata (Kindb.) T.J.Kop. 8 confertidens (Lindb. & Arnell) T.J.Kop. 9 undulatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. var. madeirense T.J.Kop. & Sérgio [316] var. undulatum section Rostrata (Kindb.) T.J.Kop. 10 rostratum (Schrad.) T.J.Kop. 155 Pseudobryum (Kindb.) T.J.Kop. 1 cinclidioides (Huebener) T.J.Kop. 219 Aulacomniaceae Schimp. 156 Aulacomnium Schwägr., nom. cons. 1 androgynum (Hedw.) Schwägr. 2 palustre (Hedw.) Schwägr. 3 turgidum (Wahlenb.) Schwägr. Orthodontiaceae (Broth.) Goffinet 157 Orthodontium Schwägr. 1 gracile (Wilson) Schwägr. ex Bruch & Schimp. 2 lineare Schwägr. (O. australe Hook.f. & Wilson [317]) 3 pellucens (Hook.) Bruch & Schimp. Rhizogoniales (M.Fleisch.) Goffinet & W.R.Buck Rhizogoniaceae Broth. 158 Leptotheca Schwägr. 1 gaudichaudii Schwägr. [318] Calomniaceae Kindb. 159 Calomnion Hook.f. & Wilson 1 complanatum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Lindb. [319] Hookeriales M.Fleisch. Hypopterygiaceae Mitt. 160 Hypopterygium Brid. 1 tamarisci (Sw.) Brid. ex Müll.Hal. (H. muelleri Hampe) [320] Daltoniaceae Schimp. 161 Achrophyllum Vitt & Crosby 1 dentatum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Vitt & Crosby [321] 162 Calyptrochaeta Desv. 1 apiculata (Hook.f. & Wilson) Vitt (Eriopus apiculatus (Hook.f. & Wilson) Mitt.) 163 Daltonia Hook. & Taylor, nom. cons. 1 splachnoides (Sm.) Hook. & Taylor 2 stenophylla Mitt. [322] 164 Distichophyllum Dozy & Molk. 1 carinatum Dixon & W.E.Nicholson Hookeriaceae Schimp. 165 Hookeria Sm., nom. cons. 1 lucens (Hedw.) Sm. Leucomiaceae Broth. 166 Tetrastichium (Mitt.) Cardot 1 fontanum (Mitt.) Cardot 2 virens (Cardot) S.P.Churchill (Lepidopilum virens Cardot) Pilotrichaceae Kindb. 167 Cyclodictyon Mitt. 1 laetevirens (Hook. & Taylor) Mitt. [323] Hypnales (M.Fleisch.) W.R.Buck & Vitt Fontinalaceae Schimp. 168 Dichelyma Myrin 1 capillaceum (L. ex Dicks.) Myrin 2 falcatum (Hedw.) Myrin 169 Fontinalis Hedw. 1 antipyretica Hedw. [324] subsp. antipyretica subsp. bryhnii (Limpr.) Podp. (F. bryhnii Limpr. ex I.Hagen) [325] subsp. gracilis (Lindb.) Kindb. (F. antipyretica var. gracilis (Lindb.) Schimp.) 220 M. O. HILL ET AL. subsp. kindbergii (Renauld & Cardot) Cardot (F. kindbergii Renauld & Cardot) 2 dalecarlica Schimp. 3 dichelymoides Lindb. [326] 4 hypnoides C.Hartm. var. duriaei (Schimp.) Kindb. var. hypnoides 5 squamosa Hedw. var. curnowii Cardot var. dixonii (Cardot) A.J.E.Sm. var. squamosa Climaciaceae Kindb. 170 Climacium F.Weber & D.Mohr 1 dendroides (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr Amblystegiaceae Kindb. [327] 171 Amblystegium Schimp. [327] 1 confervoides (Brid.) Schimp. (Platydictya confervoides (Brid.) H.A.Crum, Serpoleskea confervoides (Brid.) Loeske) 2 radicale (P.Beauv.) Schimp. (A. saxatile Schimp., Campylium radicale (P.Beauv.) Grout) 3 serpens (Hedw.) Schimp. (A. juratzkanum Schimp.) 4 subtile (Hedw.) Schimp. (Platydictya subtilis (Hedw.) H.A.Crum, Serpoleskea subtilis (Hedw.) Loeske) 172 Anacamptodon Brid. 1 splachnoides (Froel. ex Brid.) Brid. 173 Campyliadelphus (Kindb.) R.S.Chopra 1 chrysophyllus (Brid.) R.S.Chopra (Campylium chrysophyllum (Brid.) Lange) 2 elodes (Lindb.) Kanda (Campylium elodes (Lindb.) Kindb.) 174 Campylium (Sull.) Mitt. 1 laxifolium Engelmark & Hedenäs [328] 2 longicuspis (Lindb. & Arnell) Hedenäs 3 protensum (Brid.) Kindb. (C. stellatum subsp. protensum (Brid.) C.E.O.Jensen, C. stellatum var. protensum (Brid.) Bryhn) 4 stellatum (Hedw.) Lange & C.E.O.Jensen (Campyliadelphus stellatus (Hedw.) Kanda) 175 Conardia H.Rob. [327] 1 compacta (Drumm. ex Müll.Hal.) H.Rob. (Amblystegium compactum (Drumm. ex Müll.Hal.) Austin, Rhynchostegiella compacta (Drumm. ex Müll.Hal.) Loeske) 176 Cratoneuron (Sull.) Spruce 1 curvicaule (Jur.) G.Roth (Callialaria curvicaulis (Jur.) Ochyra, Cratoneuron filicinum var. curvicaule (Jur.) Mönk.) 2 filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce 177 Drepanocladus (Müll.Hal.) G.Roth, nom. cons. 1 aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. (D. polycarpos (Blandow ex Voit) Warnst., D. simplicissimus Warnst., D. stagnatus Żarnowiec) 2 arcticus (R.S.Williams) Hedenäs (Campylium arcticum (R.S.Williams) Broth.) 3 longifolius (Mitt.) Paris (D. capillifolius (Warnst.) Warnst.) 4 polygamus (Schimp.) Hedenäs (Campyliadelphus polygamus (Schimp.) Kanda, Campylium polygamum (Schimp.) Lange & C.E.O.Jensen) 5 sendtneri (Schimp. ex H.Müll.) Warnst. 6 sordidus (Müll.Hal.) Hedenäs (D. tenuinervis T.J.Kop.) 178 Hygroamblystegium Loeske, nom. cons. [327] [329] 1 fluviatile (Hedw.) Loeske (Amblystegium fluviatile (Hedw.) Schimp.) 2 humile (P.Beauv.) Vanderp., Goffinet & Hedenäs (Amblystegium humile (P.Beauv.) Crundw., Leptodictyum humile (P.Beauv.) Ochyra, Leptodictyum kochii (Schimp.) Warnst.) 3 tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. (Amblystegium tenax (Hedw.) C.E.O.Jensen) 4 varium (Hedw.) Mönk. (Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb., Orthotheciella varia (Hedw.) Ochyra) [330] 179 Hygrohypnum Lindb. [327] [331] 1 alpestre (Hedw.) Loeske (Ochyraea alpestris (Hedw.) Ignatov & Ignatova) 2 alpinum (Lindb.) Loeske 3 cochlearifolium (Venturi) Broth. (Ochyraea cochlearifolia (Venturi) Ignatov & Ignatova) 4 duriusculum (De Not.) D.W.Jamieson (Hygrohypnella duriuscula (Turner ex Wilson) Ignatov & Ignatova, H. dilatatum (Wilson) Loeske) 5 eugyrium (Schimp.) Broth. (Pseudohygrohypnum eugyrium (Schimp.) Kanda) 6 luridum (Hedw.) Jenn. (Pictus scoticus C.C.Towns.) [332] 7 molle (Hedw.) Loeske (H. molle var. schimperianum (Lorentz) Loeske) 8 montanum (Lindb.) Broth. (Ochyraea montana (Lindb.) Ignatov & Ignatova) 9 norvegicum (Schimp.) J.J.Amann (Ochyraea norvegica (Schimp.) Ignatov & Ignatova) 10 ochraceum (Turner ex Wilson) Loeske (Hygrohypnella ochracea (Turner ex Wilson) Ignatov & Ignatova) 11 polare (Lindb.) Loeske (Hygrohypnella polaris (Lindb.) Ignatov & Ignatova) 12 smithii (Sw.) Broth. (Ochyraea smithii (Sw.) Ignatov & Ignatova) 13 styriacum (Limpr.) Broth. 14 subeugyrium (Renauld & Cardot) Broth. (Pseudohygrohypnum subeugyrium (Renauld & Cardot) Ignatov & Ignatova) 180 Leptodictyum (Schimp.) Warnst. [333] 1 riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. (Amblystegium riparium (Hedw.) Schimp.) 181 Ochyraea Váňa 1 tatrensis Váňa [331] 182 Palustriella Ochyra 1 commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra (Cratoneuron commutatum (Hedw.) G.Roth, P. commutata var. fluctuans (Schimp.) Ochyra, P. commutata var. virescens (Schimp.) Ochyra) 2 decipiens (De Not.) Ochyra (Cratoneuron decipiens (De Not.) Loeske) MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 3 falcata (Brid.) Hedenäs (Cratoneuron falcatum (Brid.) G.Roth, P. commutata var. falcata (Brid.) Ochyra, P. commutata var. sulcata (Lindb.) Ochyra) 4 pluristratosa M.Stech & J.-P.Frahm [334] 183 Pseudocalliergon (Limpr.) Loeske 1 angustifolium Hedenäs [335] 2 brevifolium (Lindb.) Hedenäs (Drepanocladus brevifolius (Lindb.) Warnst.) [336] 3 lycopodioides (Brid.) Hedenäs (Drepanocladus lycopodioides (Brid.) Warnst.) 4 trifarium (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Loeske (Calliergon trifarium (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Kindb.) 5 turgescens (T.Jensen) Loeske (Scorpidium turgescens (T.Jensen) Loeske) 184 Sanionia Loeske [327] 1 georgicouncinata (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra & Hedenäs (S. nivalis Hedenäs) 2 orthothecioides (Lindb.) Loeske 3 uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske (Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst.) 185 Tomentypnum Loeske [327] 1 nitens (Hedw.) Loeske Calliergonaceae (Kanda) Vanderp., Hedenäs, C.J.Cox & A.J.Shaw [327] 186 Calliergon (Sull.) Kindb. [337] 1 cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb. 2 giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb. 3 megalophyllum Mikut. 4 richardsonii (Mitt.) Kindb. (C. obtusifolium Karczm.) [338] 187 Hamatocaulis Hedenäs 1 lapponicus (Norrl.) Hedenäs (Drepanocladus lapponicus (Norrl.) Smirnova) 2 vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Drepanocladus vernicosus (Mitt.) Warnst.) 188 Loeskypnum H.K.G.Paul 1 badium (Hartm.) H.K.G.Paul (Drepanocladus badius (Hartm.) G.Roth) 189 Scorpidium (Schimp.) Limpr. 1 cossonii (Schimp.) Hedenäs (Drepanocladus cossonii (Schimp.) Loeske, Drepanocladus intermedius (Lindb.) Warnst., Limprichtia cossonii (Schimp.) L.E.Anderson, H.A.Crum & W.R.Buck, Limprichtia intermedia (Lindb.) Loeske) 2 revolvens (Sw. ex anon.) Rubers (Drepanocladus revolvens (Sw. ex anon.) Warnst., Limprichtia revolvens (Sw. ex anon.) Loeske) [106] 3 scorpioides (Hedw.) Limpr. 190 Straminergon Hedenäs 1 stramineum (Dicks. ex Brid.) Hedenäs (Calliergon stramineum (Dicks. ex Brid.) Kindb.) 191 Warnstorfia Loeske 1 exannulata (Schimp.) Loeske (Drepanocladus exannulatus (Schimp.) Warnst.) 2 fluitans (Hedw.) Loeske (Drepanocladus fluitans (Hedw.) Warnst., Drepanocladus h-schulzei (Limpr.) Loeske, W. fluitans var. falcata (Sanio ex 221 C.E.O.Jensen) H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson, W. h-schulzei (Limpr.) Loeske) 3 procera (Renauld & Arnell) Tuom. (Drepanocladus procerus (Renauld & Arnell) Warnst.) [339] 4 pseudostraminea (Müll.Hal.) Tuom. & T.J.Kop. (Drepanocladus pseudostramineus (Müll.Hal.) G.Roth) 5 sarmentosa (Wahlenb.) Hedenäs (Calliergon sarmentosum (Wahlenb.) Kindb.) 6 trichophylla (Warnst.) Tuom. & T.J.Kop. (Drepanocladus trichophyllus (Warnst.) Podp.) 7 tundrae (Arnell) Loeske (Drepanocladus tundrae (Arnell) Loeske) Leskeaceae Schimp. [340] 192 Haplocladium (Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal. 1 angustifolium (Hampe & Müll.Hal.) Broth. (Bryohaplocladium angustifolium (Hampe & Müll.Hal.) R.Watan. & Z.Iwats., Thuidium angustifolium (Hampe & Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger) 2 microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth. (Bryohaplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) R.Watan. & Z.Iwats.) 3 virginianum (Brid.) Broth. (Bryohaplocladium virginianum (Brid.) R.Watan. & Z.Iwats., Thuidium virginianum (Brid.) Schimp.) 193 Lescuraea Schimp. 1 mutabilis (Brid.) Lindb. ex I.Hagen 2 saxicola (Schimp.) Molendo 3 secunda Arnell [341] 194 Leskea Hedw. 1 polycarpa Hedw. 195 Lindbergia Kindb. 1 brachyptera (Mitt.) Kindb. [342] 196 Pseudoleskea Schimp. [343] [344] 1 artariae Thér. (Pseudoleskeopsis artariae (Thér.) Thér.) 2 incurvata (Hedw.) Loeske (Lescuraea incurvata (Hedw.) E.Lawton) 3 patens (Lindb.) Kindb. (Lescuraea patens Lindb.) 4 radicosa (Mitt.) Macoun & Kindb. (Lescuraea radicosa (Mitt.) Mönk.) 5 saviana (De Not.) Latzel (Lescuraea saviana (De Not.) E.Lawton) 197 Pseudoleskeella Kindb. [345] 1 catenulata (Brid. ex Schrad.) Kindb. 2 nervosa (Brid.) Nyholm (Leskeella incrassata (Lindb. ex Broth.) Broth. [346], Leskeella nervosa (Brid.) Loeske) 3 papillosa (Lindb.) Kindb. 4 rupestris (Berggr.) Hedenäs & L.Söderstr. (P. nervosa var. rupestris (Berggr.) Nyholm, P. sibirica (Arnell) P.S.Wilson & D.H.Norris) [347] 5 tectorum (Funck ex Brid.) Kindb. ex Broth. 198 Ptychodium Schimp. 1 plicatum (Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. (Lescuraea plicata (Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Broth., Pseudoleskea plicata (Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Kindb.) Thuidiaceae Schimp. [348] 199 Abietinella Müll.Hal. 222 M. O. HILL ET AL. 1 abietina (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. (Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) Schimp.) var. abietina var. hystricosa (Mitt.) Sakurai (A. hystricosa (Mitt.) Broth., Thuidium abietinum subsp. hystricosum (Mitt.) Kindb., Thuidium abietinum var. hystricosum (Mitt.) Loeske & Lande) [32] 200 Helodium Warnst., nom. cons. 1 blandowii (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Warnst. (Thuidium blandowii (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp.) 201 Pelekium Mitt., nom. cons. [348] 1 atlanticum (Hedenäs) Hedenäs (Cyrto-hypnum atlanticum (Hedenäs) Hedenäs & Sérgio, Thuidium atlanticum Hedenäs) [349] 2 minutulum (Hedw.) Touw (Cyrto-hypnum minutulum (Hedw.) W.R.Buck & H.A.Crum, Microthuidium minutulum (Hedw.) Warnst., Thuidium minutulum (Hedw.) Schimp.) 202 Thuidiopsis (Broth.) M.Fleisch. 1 sparsa (Hook.f. & Wilson) Broth. (Cyrto-hypnum montei Hedenäs) [350] 203 Thuidium Schimp. 1 assimile (Mitt.) A.Jaeger (T. delicatulum var. radicans (Kindb.) H.A.Crum, Steere & L.E.Anderson, T. philibertii Limpr.) [351] 2 delicatulum (Hedw.) Schimp. (T. erectum Duby) 3 recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb. 4 tamariscinum (Hedw.) Schimp. Brachytheciaceae Schimp. [352] Eurhynchioideae Milde (Rhynchostegioideae Ignatov & Huttunen) [352] 204 Pseudoscleropodium (Limpr.) M.Fleisch. 1 purum (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. (Scleropodium purum (Hedw.) Limpr.) 205 Scorpiurium Schimp. 1 circinatum (Bruch) M.Fleisch. & Loeske (Thamnium cossyrense var. melitense Bott.) [353] 2 deflexifolium (Solms) M.Fleisch. & Loeske 3 sendtneri (Schimp.) M.Fleisch. (Thamnium cossyrense Bott. var. cossyrense, Thamnobryum cossyrense (Bott.) A.J.E.Sm.) [353] 206 Palamocladium Müll.Hal. 1 euchloron (Müll.Hal.) Wijk & Margad. 207 Plasteurhynchium M.Fleisch. ex Broth. 1 meridionale (Schimp.) M.Fleisch. (Eurhynchium meridionale (Schimp.) De Not.) 2 striatulum (Spruce) M.Fleisch. (Eurhynchium striatulum (Spruce) Schimp., Isothecium striatulum (Spruce) Kindb.) 208 Eurhynchium Schimp. 1 angustirete (Broth.) T.J.Kop. (E. striatum subsp. zetterstedtii (P.Størmer) Podp., E. striatum var. pachycladum G.Roth) 2 striatum (Hedw.) Schimp. 209 Platyhypnidium M.Fleisch. 1 grolleanum Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra [354] 2 lusitanicum (Schimp.) Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra (P. alopecuroides (Brid.) A.J.E.Sm., Rhynchostegium alopecuroides (Brid.) A.J.E.Sm., Rhynchostegium lusitanicum (Schimp.) A.J.E.Sm., hom. illeg.) 3 mutatum Ochyra & Vanderp. [355] 4 riparioides (Hedw.) Dixon (Rhynchostegium riparioides (Hedw.) Cardot) 5 torrenticola (Ochyra, C.Schmidt & Bültmann) Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra (Gradsteinia torrenticola Ochyra, C.Schmidt & Bültmann) [356] 210 Rhynchostegium Schimp. 1 arcticum (I.Hagen) Ignatov & Huttunen (R. murale var. arcticum I.Hagen) [357] 2 confertum (Dicks.) Schimp. (R. surrectum (Mitt.) A.Jaeger) [358] 3 megapolitanum (Blandow ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. (Brachythecium cardotii H.Winter) [359] 4 murale (Hedw.) Schimp. 5 rotundifolium (Scop. ex Brid.) Schimp. 6 strongylense (Bott.) W.R.Buck & Privitera (Barbella strongylensis Bott.) [360] Helicodontioideae M.Fleisch. (Rhynchostegielloideae Ignatov & Huttunen) [352] [361] 211 Nobregaea Hedenäs 1 latinervis Hedenäs [362] 212 Helicodontium Schwägr. 1 capillare (Hedw.) A.Jaeger (H. italicum (Schimp.) M.Fleisch.) [363] 213 Rhynchostegiella (Schimp.) Limpr., nom. cons. 1 bourgaeana (Mitt.) Broth. [364] 2 curviseta (Brid.) Limpr. (R. curviseta var. curviseta, R. curviseta var. laeviseta (W.E.Nicholson & Dixon) Podp., R. letourneuxii (Besch.) Broth.) 3 durieui (Mont.) P.Allorge & Perss. 4 litorea (De Not.) Limpr. (R. tenella var. litorea (De Not.) Mönk.) [365] 5 macilenta (Renauld & Cardot) Cardot [366] 6 tenella (Dicks.) Limpr. var. meridionalis (Boulay) Zodda var. tenella 7 teneriffae (Mont.) Dirkse & Bouman (R. jacquinii (Garov.) Limpr., R. teesdalei (Schimp.) Limpr.) [367] 8 tenuicaulis (Spruce) Kartt. (Cirriphyllum germanicum (Grebe) Loeske & M.Fleisch., Cirriphyllum tenuicaule (Spruce) Wijk & Margad.) [368] 9 trichophylla Dirkse & Bouman [369] 214 Cirriphyllum Grout 1 crassinervium (Taylor) Loeske & M.Fleisch. (Eurhynchium crassinervium (Taylor) Schimp.) 2 piliferum (Hedw.) Grout 215 Oxyrrhynchium (Schimp.) Warnst. 1 hians (Hedw.) Loeske (Eurhynchium hians (Hedw.) Sande Lac., O. swartzii (Turner) Warnst.) 2 pumilum (Wilson) Loeske (Eurhynchium pumilum (Wilson) Schimp., Rhynchostegiella pallidirostris (Brid.) Loeske, nom. illeg., Rhynchostegiella pumila (Wilson) E.F.Warb.) MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 3 schleicheri (R.Hedw.) Röll (Eurhynchium schleicheri (R.Hedw.) Milde) 4 speciosum (Brid.) Warnst. (Eurhynchium speciosum (Brid.) Jur.) Brachythecioideae Engler 216 Kindbergia Ochyra 1 praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra (Eurhynchium praelongum (Hedw.) Schimp., Eurhynchium praelongum var. stokesii (Turner) Dixon, Eurhynchium stokesii (Turner) Schimp., Oxyrrhynchium praelongum (Hedw.) Warnst.) 217 Bryhnia Kaurin 1 scabrida (Lindb.) Kaurin (B. novae-angliae auct. eur. non (Sull. & Lesq.) Grout) [370] 218 Myuroclada Besch. 1 maximowiczii (G.G.Borshch.) Steere & W.B.Schofield [371] 219 Sciuro-hypnum Hampe 1 flotowianum (Sendtn.) Ignatov & Huttunen (Cirriphyllum reichenbachianum (Huebener) Wijk & Margad., Cirriphyllum velutinoides (Schimp.) Loeske & M.Fleisch., nom. illeg., Eurhynchium flotowianum (Sendtn.) Kartt.) 2 glaciale (Schimp.) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachythecium dovrense (Limpr.) Amman, Brachythecium glaciale Schimp., Brachythecium glaciale var. dovrense Limpr.) [372] 3 latifolium (Kindb.) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachythecium latifolium Kindb.) 4 oedipodium (Mitt.) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachythecium curtum (Lindb.) Limpr., Brachythecium oedipodium (Mitt.) A.Jaeger, Brachythecium starkei var. curtum (Lindb.) Warnst.) 5 ornellanum (Molendo) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachythecium ornellanum (Molendo) Venturi & Bott., Scleropodium apiculigerum (Lindb. & Arnell) J.-P.Frahm, Scleropodium ornellanum (Molendo) Lorentz) 6 plumosum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen, nom. cons. (Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) Schimp.) 7 populeum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachythecium populeum (Hedw.) Schimp.) 8 reflexum (Starke) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachythecium reflexum (Starke) Schimp.) 9 starkei (Brid.) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachythecium starkei (Brid.) Schimp., Brachythecium starkei var. tromsoeense (Kaurin & Arnell) Nyholm) 220 Brachythecium Schimp. [373] 1 albicans (Hedw.) Schimp. 2 campestre (Müll.Hal.) Schimp. (B. ryanii Kaurin) [374] 3 capillaceum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Giacom. (B. rotaeanum De Not. [375], B. salebrosum subsp. rotaeanum (De Not.) Amman, B. salebrosum var. capillaceum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Lorentz) 4 cirrosum (Schwägr.) Schimp. (Cirriphyllum cirrosum (Schwägr.) Grout) 223 5 coruscum I.Hagen (B. groenlandicum (C.E.O.Jensen) Schljakov) [376] 6 erythrorrhizon Schimp. subsp. asiaticum Ignatov [377] subsp. erythrorrhizon var. erythrorrhizon var. thedenii (Schimp.) Lindb. [378] 7 geheebii Milde (Homalothecium geheebii (Milde) Wigh) 8 glareosum (Bruch ex Spruce) Schimp. 9 laetum (Brid.) Schimp. (B. oxycladon auct. non (Brid.) A.Jaeger) [379] 10 mildeanum (Schimp.) Schimp. var. mildeanum var. udum (I.Hagen) Mönk. (B. udum I.Hagen) 11 percurrens Hedenäs [380] 12 rivulare Schimp. 13 rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. var. atlanticum Hedenäs [381] var. rutabulum 14 salebrosum (Hoffm. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp., nom. cons. 15 tommasinii (Sendtn. ex Boulay) Ignatov & Huttunen (Cirriphyllum tenuinerve (Lindb.) Wijk & Margad., Cirriphyllum tommasinii (Sendtn. ex Boulay) Grout) 16 turgidum (Hartm.) Kindb. Homalothecioideae Ignatov & Huttunen 221 Scleropodium Bruch & Schimp. 1 cespitans (Wilson ex Müll.Hal.) L.F.Koch (Brachythecium appleyardiae McAdam & A.J.E.Sm.) [382] 2 touretii (Brid.) L.F.Koch [32] 222 Eurhynchiastrum Ignatov & Huttunen 1 pulchellum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen (Eurhynchium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jenn.) var. diversifolium (Schimp.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec (Eurhynchium pulchellum var. diversifolium (Schimp.) C.E.O.Jensen) var. praecox (Hedw.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec (Eurhynchium pulchellum var. praecox (Hedw.) Dixon) var. pulchellum 223 Brachytheciastrum Ignatov & Huttunen 1 collinum (Schleich. ex Müll.Hal.) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachythecium collinum (Schleich. ex Müll.Hal.) Schimp.) 2 dieckii (Röll) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachythecium dieckii Röll, Brachythecium salteri Cardot & Dixon) [383] 3 fendleri (Sull.) Vanderp. et al. (Brachythecium fendleri (Sull.) A.Jaeger) [384] 4 olympicum (Jur.) Vanderp. et al. (Brachythecium olympicum Jur.) [384] 5 trachypodium (Brid.) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachythecium trachypodium (Brid.) Schimp., Brachythecium trachypodium var. payotianum (Boulay) Bott.) 6 vanekii (Šmarda) Ochyra & Żarnowiec (Brachythecium vanekii Šmarda) 7 velutinum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachythecium velutinum (Hedw.) Schimp.) 224 M. O. HILL ET AL. var. salicinum (Schimp.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec (Brachythecium velutinum var. salicinum (Schimp.) Mönk.) var. vagans (Milde) Ochyra & Żarnowiec (Brachythecium velutinum var. vagans (Milde) Warnst.) var. velutinum 224 Homalothecium Schimp. 1 aureum (Spruce) H.Rob. 2 lutescens (Hedw.) H.Rob. (Camptothecium lutescens (Hedw.) Schimp.) var. fallax H.Philib. ex Schimp. var. lutescens 3 philippeanum (Spruce) Schimp. 4 sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp. Myriniaceae Schimp. 225 Myrinia Schimp., nom. cons. 1 pulvinata (Wahlenb.) Schimp. Fabroniaceae Schimp. 226 Fabronia Raddi 1 ciliaris (Brid.) Brid. 2 pusilla Raddi Hypnaceae Schimp. [340][385] 227 Andoa Ochyra 1 berthelotiana (Mont.) Ochyra 228 Breidleria Loeske 1 pratensis (W.D.J.Koch ex Spruce) Loeske (Hypnum pratense W.D.J.Koch ex Spruce) [386] 229 Callicladium H.A.Crum 1 haldanianum (Grev.) H.A.Crum 230 Calliergonella Loeske 1 cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske 2 lindbergii (Mitt.) Hedenäs (Hypnum lindbergii Mitt.) [386] 231 Campylophyllum (Schimp.) M.Fleisch. [387] 1 calcareum (Crundw. & Nyholm) Hedenäs (Campylidium calcareum (Crundw. & Nyholm) Ochyra, Campylium calcareum Crundw. & Nyholm) 2 halleri (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. (Campylium halleri (Hedw.) Lindb.) 3 sommerfeltii (Myrin) Hedenäs (Campylidium sommerfeltii (Myrin) Ochyra, Campylium hispidulum auct. eur. non (Brid.) Mitt. [388], Campylium sommerfeltii (Myrin) Lange, Campylophyllum hispidulum auct. eur. non (Brid.) Hedenäs [388]) 232 Ctenidium (Schimp.) Mitt. 1 molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt. [389] 233 Homomallium (Schimp.) Loeske 1 incurvatum (Schrad. ex Brid.) Loeske 234 Hyocomium Bruch & Schimp. 1 armoricum (Brid.) Wijk & Margad. 235 Hypnum Hedw., nom. cons. 1 andoi A.J.E.Sm. (H. cupressiforme var. mammillatum Brid., H. mammillatum (Brid.) Loeske, nom. inval.) 2 bambergeri Schimp. (Stereodon bambergeri (Schimp.) Lindb.) 3 callichroum Brid. (Stereodon callichrous (Brid.) Braithw.) 4 cupressiforme Hedw. [390] var. cupressiforme var. filiforme Brid. var. heseleri (Ando & Higuchi) M.O.Hill (H. heseleri Ando & Higuchi) [391] var. lacunosum Brid. (H. cupressiforme subsp. lacunosum (Brid.) Bertsch, H. lacunosum (Brid.) Hoffm. ex Brid.) var. resupinatum (Taylor) Schimp. (H. cupressiforme subsp. resupinatum (Taylor) Hartm., H. resupinatum Taylor) var. subjulaceum Molendo 5 fertile Sendtn. (Stereodon fertilis (Sendtn.) Lindb.) 6 hamulosum Schimp. (Stereodon hamulosus (Schimp.) Lindb.) [392] 7 holmenii Ando (Stereodon holmenii (Ando) Ignatov & Ignatova) [393] 8 imponens Hedw. 9 jutlandicum Holmen & E.Warncke (H. cupressiforme var. ericetorum Schimp.) 10 pallescens (Hedw.) P.Beauv. (Stereodon pallescens (Hedw.) Mitt.) 11 plicatulum (Lindb.) A.Jaeger (Stereodon plicatulus Lindb.) 12 procerrimum Molendo (Ctenidium procerrimum (Molendo) Lindb.) 13 recurvatum (Lindb. & Arnell) Kindb. (Drepanium recurvatum (Lindb. & Arnell) G.Roth) 14 revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb. (Stereodon revolutus Mitt.) var. dolomiticum (Milde) Mönk. (H. dolomiticum Milde) var. revolutum 15 sauteri Schimp. 16 subimponens Lesq. [394] 17 uncinulatum Jur. 18 vaucheri Lesq. (Stereodon vaucheri (Lesq.) Lindb. ex Broth.) 236 Ptilium De Not. 1 crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not. 237 Pylaisia Schimp., nom. cons. 1 polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. (Pylaisiella polyantha (Hedw.) Grout) 2 selwynii Kindb. (Pylaisiella selwynii (Kindb.) H.A.Crum, Steere & L.E.Anderson) 238 Taxiphyllum M.Fleisch. 1 densifolium (Lindb. ex Broth.) Reimers 2 wissgrillii (Garov.) Wijk & Margad. 239 Vesicularia (Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal. 1 reimersiana Bizot & P.de la Varde [395] Pterigynandraceae Schimp. 240 Habrodon Schimp. 1 perpusillus (De Not.) Lindb. 241 Heterocladium Schimp. 1 dimorphum (Brid.) Schimp. 2 flaccidum (Schimp.) A.J.E.Sm. (H. heteropterum var. flaccidum Schimp.) [396] 3 heteropterum (Brid.) Schimp. MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 4 wulfsbergii I.Hagen (H. heteropterum subsp. wulfsbergii (I.Hagen) C.E.O.Jensen & Perss.) [397] 242 Iwatsukiella W.R.Buck & H.A.Crum 1 leucotricha (Mitt.) W.R.Buck & H.A.Crum [398] 243 Pterigynandrum Hedw. 1 filiforme Hedw. var. filiforme var. majus (De Not.) De Not. Hylocomiaceae (Broth.) M.Fleisch. 244 Hylocomiastrum Broth. 1 pyrenaicum (Spruce) M.Fleisch. (Hylocomium pyrenaicum (Spruce) Lindb.) 2 umbratum (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. (Hylocomium umbratum (Hedw.) Schimp.) 245 Hylocomium Schimp., nom. cons. 1 splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. [399] 246 Loeskeobryum Broth. 1 brevirostre (Brid.) M.Fleisch. (Hylocomium brevirostre (Brid.) Schimp.) 247 Pleurozium Mitt., nom. cons. 1 schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. 248 Rhytidiadelphus (Limpr.) Warnst. 1 loreus (Hedw.) Warnst. 2 squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Rhytidiastrum squarrosum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Ignatova) 3 subpinnatus (Lindb.) T.J.Kop. (R. squarrosus var. calvescens (Kindb.) Warnst., Rhytidiastrum subpinnatum (Lindb.) Ignatov & Ignatova) 4 triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst. Rhytidiaceae Broth. 249 Rhytidium (Sull.) Kindb. 1 rugosum (Hedw.) Kindb. Plagiotheciaceae (Broth.) M.Fleisch. 250 Herzogiella Broth. [400] 1 seligeri (Brid.) Z.Iwats. 2 striatella (Brid.) Z.Iwats. 3 turfacea (Lindb.) Z.Iwats. 251 Isopterygiopsis Z.Iwats. 1 alpicola (Lindb. & Arnell) Hedenäs (Isopterygium alpicola (Lindb. & Arnell) Nyholm) 2 muelleriana (Schimp.) Z.Iwats. (Isopterygium muellerianum (Schimp.) A.Jaeger) 3 pulchella (Hedw.) Z.Iwats. (Isopterygium pulchellum (Hedw.) A.Jaeger) 252 Myurella Schimp. 1 julacea (Schwägr.) Schimp. [401] 2 sibirica (Müll.Hal.) Reimers 3 tenerrima (Brid.) Lindb. 253 Orthothecium Schimp., nom. cons. 1 chryseon (Schwägr.) Schimp. [402] 2 intricatum (Hartm.) Schimp. 3 lapponicum (Schimp.) C.Hartm. 4 rufescens (Dicks. ex Brid.) Schimp. 5 strictum Lorentz 254 Plagiothecium Schimp. 1 berggrenianum Frisvoll 2 cavifolium (Brid.) Z.Iwats. (P. roeseanum Schimp.) 225 3 curvifolium Schlieph. ex Limpr. (P. laetum var. curvifolium (Schlieph. ex Limpr.) Mastracci & M.Sauer, P. laetum var. secundum (Lindb.) Frisvoll et al.) [403] 4 denticulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. var. denticulatum var. obtusifolium (Turner) Moore var. undulatum R.Ruthe ex Geh. (P. denticulatum var. ruthei (Limpr.) Riehm., P. ruthei Limpr.) [404] 5 laetum Schimp. 6 latebricola Schimp. 7 neckeroideum Schimp. (P. neckeroideum subsp. noricum (Molendo ex Limpr.) J.J.Amann, P. noricum Molendo ex Limpr.) [405] 8 nemorale (Mitt.) A.Jaeger 9 piliferum (Sw.) Schimp. 10 platyphyllum Mönk. 11 succulentum (Wilson) Lindb. [406] 12 svalbardense Frisvoll [407] 13 undulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. (Buckiella undulata (Hedw.) Ireland) 255 Platydictya Berk. 1 jungermannioides (Brid.) H.A.Crum (Amblystegium jungermannioides (Brid.) A.J.E.Sm.) 256 Pseudotaxiphyllum Z.Iwats. 1 elegans (Brid.) Z.Iwats. (Isopterygium elegans (Brid.) Lindb.) 2 laetevirens (Dixon & Luisier ex F.Koppe & Düll) Hedenäs [408] Entodontaceae Kindb., nom. cons. 257 Entodon Müll.Hal. 1 challengeri (Paris) Cardot (E. compressus Müll.Hal. ex Cardot non (Hedw.) Müll.Hal.) [409] 2 cladorrhizans (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. 3 concinnus (De Not.) Paris 4 schleicheri (Schimp.) Demet. Pylaisiadelphaceae Goffinet & W.R.Buck 258 Brotherella Loeske ex M.Fleisch. 1 lorentziana (Molendo ex Lorentz) Loeske ex M.Fleisch. 259 Heterophyllium (Schimp.) Kindb. 1 affine (Hook.) M.Fleisch. 260 Isopterygium Mitt. 1 tenerum (Sw.) Mitt. (I. bottinii (Breidl.) Kindb., Sematophyllum bottinii (Breidl.) Podp.) [410] 261 Platygyrium Schimp., nom. cons. 1 repens (Brid.) Schimp. Sematophyllaceae Broth., nom. cons. 262 Hageniella Broth. 1 micans (Mitt.) B.C.Tan & Y.Jia (Hygrohypnum micans (Mitt.) Broth., Sematophyllum micans (Mitt.) Braithw.) [411] 263 Sematophyllum Mitt. 1 adnatum (Michx.) E.Britton [412] 2 demissum (Wilson) Mitt. 3 substrumulosum (Hampe) E.Britton Cryphaeaceae Schimp. 264 Cryphaea D.Mohr 226 M. O. HILL ET AL. 1 heteromalla (Hedw.) D.Mohr 265 Dendrocryphaea Paris & Schimp. ex Broth. 1 lamyana (Mont.) P.Rao (Cryphaea lamyana (Mont.) Müll.Hal.) [413] Leucodontaceae Schimp. 266 Antitrichia Brid. 1 californica Sull. 2 curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. 267 Leucodon Schwägr. 1 canariensis (Brid.) Schwägr. 2 flagellaris Lindb. ex Broth. [414] 3 immersus Lindb. 4 pendulus Lindb. [415] 5 sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr. var. morensis (Schwägr.) De Not. var. sciuroides 6 treleasei (Cardot) Paris [416] 268 Pterogonium Sw. 1 gracile (Hedw.) Sm. Neckeraceae Schimp. 269 Homalia Brid., nom. cons. 1 lusitanica Schimp. (H. lusitanica var. subrecta (Mitt.) Düll-Herm., H. subrecta (Mitt.) A.Jaeger, Neckera subrecta Mitt.) 2 trichomanoides (Hedw.) Brid. [417] 3 webbiana (Mont.) Schimp. (Neckera webbiana (Mont.) Düll) 270 Neckera Hedw., nom. cons. 1 besseri (Lobarz.) Jur. (Homalia besseri Lobarz.) 2 cephalonica Jur. & Unger (N. pennata subsp. cephalonica (Jur. & Unger) Giacom.) 3 complanata (Hedw.) Huebener (Homalia complanata (Hedw.) De Not., N. complanata var. longifolia Schimp., N. complanata var. secunda Grav., N. complanata var. tenella Schimp.) 4 crispa Hedw. (N. crispa var. falcata Müll.Hal., N. pseudopennata (Warnst.) Schlieph. ex Żmuda) 5 intermedia Brid. (N. elegans Jur., N. elegans var. laevifolia Schiffn., N. intermedia var. laevifolia (Schiffn.) Renauld & Cardot, N. laeviuscula Geh.) 6 menziesii Drumm. (Metaneckera menziesii (Drumm.) Steere) [418] 7 oligocarpa Bruch (N. pennata subsp. oligocarpa (Bruch) Giacom., N. pennata var. tenera Müll.Hal.) 8 pennata Hedw. 9 pumila Hedw. (N. fontinaloides Lindb., N. fontinaloides var. philippeana (Schimp.) Guim., N. philippeana Schimp., N. pumila var. philippeana (Schimp.) Milde, N. pumila var. pilifera Jur.) 271 Thamnobryum Nieuwl. 1 alopecurum (Hedw.) Gangulee (T. alopecurum var. gracillimum Bott., T. mediterraneum (Bott.) G.Roth) 2 angustifolium (Holt) Nieuwl. 3 cataractarum N.G.Hodgetts & Blockeel [419] 4 fernandesii Sérgio (Crassiphyllum fernandesii (Sérgio) Ochyra) [420] 5 maderense (Kindb.) Hedenäs (T. alopecurum var. maderense (Kindb.) M.Stech, Ros & O.Werner) [421] 6 neckeroides (Hook.) E.Lawton [422] 7 rudolphianum Mastracci [423] Echinodiaceae Broth. 272 Echinodium Jur. 1 prolixum (Mitt.) Broth. (Scleromnium knyi Jur.) 2 renauldii (Cardot) Broth. 3 setigerum (Mitt.) Jur. (E. setigerum var. integrifolium Luisier) [424] 4 spinosum (Mitt.) Jur. (E. madeirense Jur.) Leptodontaceae Schimp. 273 Cryptoleptodon Renauld & Cardot 1 longisetus (Mont.) Enroth (Leptodon longisetus Mont., Neckera longipedunculata Müll.Hal.) [425] 274 Leptodon D.Mohr, nom. cons. 1 smithii (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr Lembophyllaceae Broth. 275 Isothecium Brid. 1 algarvicum W.E.Nicholson & Dixon (Forsstroemia canariensis (Renauld & Cardot) Enroth, I. atlanticum Hedenäs, nom. illeg., I. canariense H.Winter, Thamnium canariense Renauld & Cardot, Thamnobryum canariense (Renauld & Cardot) D.G.Long) [426] 2 alopecuroides (Lam. ex Dubois) Isov. (I. alopecuroides var. robustum (Schimp.) Düll, I. circinans Saut., I. myurum Brid., I. viviparum Lindb.) 3 holtii Kindb. (Eurhynchium myosuroides var. rivulare (Limpr.) Paris, I. myosuroides var. rivulare Limpr.) [427] 4 myosuroides Brid. subsp. brevinerve Lindb. (I. myurum var. piliferum C.E.O.Jensen, I. myurum var. tenuinerve (Kindb.) Limpr.) subsp. myosuroides (I. myosuroides var. cavernarum Molendo, I. myosuroides var. debile Braithw., I. myosuroides var. falcatum Jaap ex G.Roth, I. myosuroides var. filescens (Renauld) Warnst., I. myosuroides var. filiforme Jaap ex G.Roth, I. myosuroides var. integrifolium Papp) var. brachythecioides (Dixon) Braithw. [427] Myuriaceae M.Fleisch. 276 Myurium Schimp. 1 hochstetteri (Schimp.) Kindb. (M. hebridarum Schimp.) Anomodontaceae Kindb. 277 Anomodon Hook. & Taylor 1 attenuatus (Hedw.) Huebener 2 longifolius (Schleich. ex Brid.) Hartm. 3 rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp. 4 rugelii (Müll.Hal.) Keissl. 5 tristis (Ces.) Sull. & Lesq. (Haplohymenium triste (Ces.) Kindb.) 6 viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Taylor 278 Claopodium (Lesq. & James) Renauld & Cardot 1 whippleanum (Sull.) Renauld & Cardot (C. whippleanum var. cavernicola Luisier) MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA ANNOTATIONS 1. Ignatov & Afonina (1992) report Sphagnum imbricatum Hornsch. ex Russow (section Sphagnum), S. orientale L.I.Savicz (section Subsecunda) and S. perfoliatum L.I.Savicz (section Subsecunda) from arctic European Russia. The record of S. imbricatum would, if correct, be likely to refer to S. steerei R.E.Andrus, which is seemingly the only taxon of the S. imbricatum complex collected in arctic areas of North America and Eurasia (Flatberg, 1984), and which is listed by Dierssen (2001). However, Afonina (pers. comm. to Flatberg) tells us that there are no reliable herbarium specimens of European material of any of these species. They are therefore omitted. 2. Sphagnum viride is closely related to S. cuspidatum (Flatberg, 1988), and isoenzymatic results indicate that gene flow exists between the two morphs (Hanssen, Såstad & Flatberg, 2000). More genetic data are required to evaluate their taxonomic status. Sphagnum brevifolium and S. isoviitae belong to a small group of closely related taxa in the S. recurvum complex with yellow spores (Flatberg, 1992, 1992 [1993]). In typical morphological appearance they are well separated from S. fallax, but seem not clearly segregated genetically in sympatric populations (Såstad, Stenøien & Flatberg, 1999). Their species status can therefore be questioned, and more genetic data are required before a decisive taxonomic conclusion can be drawn. The name Sphagnum lenense was published as a nomen nudum in 1915, and was not validated until 1936 (Afonina and Egorova, pers. comm. to Flatberg). Sphagnum auriculatum is retained here as the name for the taxon that has, following a paper by Dirkse & Isoviita (1986), been called S. denticulatum in recent lists. Sphagnum denticulatum is an aquatic form with abnormally large, nearly isophyllous leaves. Although most such plants belong to S. auriculatum, similar forms of S. inundatum are found not uncommonly growing under aquatic conditions in mire pools along the western coast of Norway. The type specimen of S. denticulatum is therefore unsatisfactory. Sphagnum tundrae was described from Svalbard by Flatberg (1994). Sphagnum wulfianum is either nested within section Acutifolia (Shaw, 2000b) or is sister to section Acutifolia, lying between it and section Squarrosa (Shaw, Cox & Boles, 2005). It is left here in its own section Polyclada. Sphagnum aongstroemii may be nested within section Acutifolia (Shaw, 2000b, Shaw et al., 2005). It is left here in its own section Insulosa. Sphagnum nitidulum Warnst. was described from Terceira in the Azores, but type material has presumably been destroyed and its identity is obscure. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 227 10. Sphagnum subtile (Russow) Warnst. (S. capillifolium var. subtile (Russow) Kartt., S. rubellum var. subtile (Russow) Amann) is a disputed taxon whose distinctness can be questioned. Natcheva & Cronberg (2002) consider European herbarium material studied to belong to S. rubellum. Shaw et al. (2005) claim that North American plants named S. subtile cannot be separated genetically from S. capillifolium. The name is based on European material, but original material has not been traced. It is premature to disregard the existence of a European taxon underlying this name. 11. Sphagnum tenerum Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull. (S. capillifolium var. tenerum (Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull.) H.A.Crum) is an eastern North American species, which according to Shaw et al. (2005) is highly differentiated genetically from S. capillifolium. European plants labelled S. tenerum have been examined by Flatberg, and belong to hemi-isophyllous forms of S. capillifolium. 12. Sphagnum olafii was described from Svalbard by Flatberg (1993a). 13. Sphagnum rubiginosum was described from Norway by Flatberg (1993b). 14. Sphagnum andersonianum has been reported from Europe, but Shaw et al. (2005) claim that examined material from Europe and North America cannot be distinguished by genetic markers from S. rubellum. 15. Sections of Andreaea follow Murray (1988). 16. Sérgio (2004) recognized Andreaea heinemannii subsp. crassifolia, stating that it does not intergrade morphologically with subsp. heinemannii and that they are found in one mixed population. The taxon may thus merit species status. 17. Smith (2004) treated the East Asian Atrichum rhystophyllum (Müll.Hal.) Paris as a synonym of A. angustatum, following Richards & Wallace (1950), who treated it as a variety of A. angustatum. The relationships of North American, European and East Asian representatives of this complex and their affinity with A. undulatum are not clear and are in need of thorough revision, as stated by Lou & Koponen (1986). 18. A critical, global revision is required to clarify the status of Atrichum flavisetum and its relationship to A. undulatum. 19. Pogonatum inflexum (Lindb.) Sande Lac. is listed for Turkey by Kürschner & Erdağ (2005). Pogonatum inflexum is an exclusively East Asian species confined to China, Japan, Korea and the Russian Far East. Several records from other parts of mainland Asia have been confirmed as misidentified, and are mostly P. neesii (Hyvönen, 1989). We have not studied any Turkish material but are inclined to assume that these records also represent P. neesii, a widespread Asian species with a disjunct occurrence in the Caucasus area (see below). 20. According to Schratz (1928), Pogonatum aloides var. minimum (Crome) Molendo and P. nanum var. long- 228 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. M. O. HILL ET AL. isetum Hampe ex Bruch & Schimp. are hybrids between P. aloides and P. nanum. Pogonatum neesii was reported for European Russia for the first time by Akatova & Ignatova (2000). According to the latest phylogenetic analyses (Hyvönen et al., 2004, Koskinen & Hyvönen, 2004), neither Polytrichastrum nor the traditional Polytrichum sensu lato is monophyletic. Furthermore, several Polytrichastrum species have been shown to be allopolyploids (Derda & Wyatt, 2000; Van der Velde & Bijlsma, 2001). However, as Polytrichum sensu stricto (Smith, 1971) may be monophyletic, and as the paraphyly of Polytrichastrum is due to some taxa being more closely related to some Pogonatum species, we continue to accept Polytrichastrum until such time as more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses have been completed. No infraspecific taxa of Polytrichastrum alpinum are recognized here, not even var. fragile, which Long (1985) recognized, although with reservations. Results obtained by Yli-Rekola (1980) and Schriebl (1991) in culture experiments support this wide circumscription of the species, although neither study included var. fragile. Although this taxon is easily identified by its caducous leaves that are constricted at the line of dehiscence, this tendency may be a result of phenotypic plasticity associated with certain habitats or environmental stimuli. A similar feature has been observed by Long (1988) at the population level in Pogonatum urnigerum (which recent phylogenetic analyses suggest is closely related to Polytrichastrum alpinum) and by both Holmen (1960) and Long (1985) for Pogonatum dentatum. As the other distinguishing characters of var. fragile are well within the range of variation for the species, it would be inconsistent to treat this feature as taxonomically significant in one taxon only. Polytrichastrum sphaerothecium was treated by Corley et al. (1981) as a synonym of P. sexangulare and by Merrill (1992) as a variety of P. sexangulare. Recent genetic (Van der Velde & Bijlsma, 2000) and culture experiments (Schriebl, 1991) based on European material support the recognition of several closely related species formerly treated as varieties of Polytrichum commune. Differences between some of these are small, and studies of North American material have not supported all of them (Derda & Wyatt, 1990). A global study including examination of type material is required to stabilize the taxonomy. We follow Long (1985) and Bijlsma et al. (2000) in reducing P. commune var. humile and var. perigoniale to synonymy under P. commune. As noted by Long (1985), perichaetial leaf length varies significantly in P. commune and minor differences in form hardly warrant taxonomic recognition. 26. The generic status of Bryobrittonia is questionable. Recent European checklists followed Horton (1983) in treating it as a genus, whereas Nyholm (1998) treated it as a member of Encalypta section Streptotheca. The question is still unresolved, so we follow previous checklists by treating Bryobrittonia as a genus. 27. Encalypta sections follow Horton (1983). 28. Encalypta serbica Katić was described from Serbia in 1906, but has not been refound. Horton (1983) was unable to trace a type specimen, but thought from the description that it was probably a form of E. ciliata. 29. The occurrence of Encalypta intermedia in Europe has hitherto not been well documented. It was described from Harput and Berit Dagt in Turkey (D.G. Horton, pers. comm.), and is listed for Turkey by Kürschner & Erdağ (2005). It was added to the European list by Corley & Crundwell (1991) because Horton (1983) stated that it occurred in Europe. Horton (pers. comm.) has confirmed two specimens (B) collected by J. Bornmüller in 1907 from Gröden in the South Tyrol and determined by him as E. commutata. 30. Encalypta obovatifolia was described from Gotland and Öland by Nyholm (1995 [1996]). 31. The status of Encalypta rhaptocarpa var. leptodon is disputed. Nyholm (1998) and Mogensen (2001) accord it species rank as E. trachymitria, while Ignatov & Ignatova (2003) treat it as a form of E. rhaptocarpa and Kučera & Váňa (2003) treat it as doubtful. 32. The original spelling of names terminating with -colla or -collum is retained, in accordance with article 60.1 of the International Code (Greuter et al., 2000). The argument of Crundwell (1970) in favour of the -collis ending is not sustainable. Trematodon brevicollis and T. longicollis are, however, correct. We have also checked the original spelling of Hypnum (Scleropodium) touretii Brid., Splachnum (Aplodon) wormskioldii Hornem. and Thuidium hystricosum Mitt. (Abietinella abietina var. hystricosa). 33. Encalypta affinis subsp. macounii is commonly treated as a species, but Horton (1983; and pers. comm. to Hill) points out that it differs from subsp. affinis only in the muticous rather than hair-pointed leaves. 34. Entosthodon subpallescens Laz. (Funaria subpallescens (Laz.) Smirnova) has been included in European lists but is Asian. 35. The hybrid taxa Funaria6hybrida R.Ruthe ex Limpr. (Entosthodon fascicularis6Funaria hygrometrica) and Physcomitrella6hampei Limpr. (usually interpreted as Physcomitrella patens6Physcomitrium eurystomum) are omitted from the main list. 36. The genera Funaria and Entosthodon are distinguished according to the revision by Fife (1985). 37. For synonyms of Entosthodon durieui see Brugués (1998). 38. For synonymy of Entosthodon hungaricus see Cano et al. (1999). MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 39. The poorly known Macaronesian endemic Funaria fritzei is treated by Losada-Lima, Dirkse & Rodrı´ guez-Nú ñ ez (2001) as a synonym of Entosthodon krausei. It needs further elucidation. 40. Entosthodon schimperi Brugués is a new name for the moss described by Schimper as Funaria durieui. The epithet durieui is not available in Entosthodon. The species has been found in Portugal, Spain and the Canary Islands (Brugués, Dirkse & Sérgio, 2001). 41. Entosthodon mouretii was reported from Spain by Brugués et al. (1999). 42. Funaria maireana Copp., from Greece, is too poorly known to be included in the checklist. F. anomala Jur. and Funaria handelii Schiffn. (Entosthodon handelii (Schiffn.) Laz.) are listed for Turkey by Kürschner & Erdağ (2005). 43. Goffinet & Buck (2004) placed Goniomitrium in Pottiales on the basis of a molecular study by Goffinet & Cox (2000). However, the following morphological features favour Funariales: laminal cells smooth, large and thin-walled; stomata with simple guard cells; calyptra mitriform. 44. Fife & Seppelt (2001) expressed doubts about the distinctness of Goniomitrium seroi from the Australian G. acuminatum Hook. & Wilson. A fuller study of Australian and Spanish material is required before these two species can be treated as synonyms. 45. Physcomitrium eurystomum subsp. acuminatum is treated as a species in the Polish checklist (Ochyra et al., 2003) but as a synonym of subsp. eurystomum in the alpine countries from which it was described. 46. For synonymy of Pyramidula tetragona see Brugués, Casas & Belmonte (1998). 47. For synonymy of Oedipodiella australis see Brugués (2003). 48. Bryoxiphium madeirense was described from Madeira by Löve & Löve (1953) but ignored by Corley et al. (1981) and Corley & Crundwell (1991). It is listed by Eggers (1982), Düll (1992) and Dierssen (2001). 49. Coscinodon humilis was described from Europe, but largely ignored by European authors although recognized in Japan; European plants lack capsules (Greven, 1995). 50. For typification of Grimmia alpestris, see Muñoz (1997). 51. According to Maier (2002a), Grimmia limprichtii is a synonym of G. tergestina. However, Greven (2000) treats it as distinct. 52. Grimmia donniana var. curvula is homotypic with G. arenaria. 53. Grimmia capillata, originally described from Sardinia, was generally treated as a variety of G. crinita during the 20th century. Both Greven (1995) and Muñoz & Pando (2000) recognize it at species rank. 54. Grimmia curviseta was described from Tenerife by Bouman (1991). 229 55. Grimmia dissimulata was described from Cyprus by Maier (2002b), who also listed localities from Turkey, Syria and southern and western Europe. 56. Dryptodon incurvus is homotypic with Grimmia elatior. 57. Grimmia funalis var. calvescens is homotypic with G. funalis f. epilifera J.E.Zetterst., a heterotypic synonym of G. funalis. 58. Although the name Grimmia retracta remains to be typified, it is now treated as a synonym of G. lisae by Smith (2004). 59. Grimmia muehlenbeckii and G. poecilostoma were included by Corley et al. (1981) in G. trichophylla and G. tergestina, respectively. Both Greven (1995) and Muñoz & Pando (2000) recognize them as species. 60. Grimmia pulvinata var. obtusa is homotypic with G. pulvinata var. africana. 61. The identity of Grimmia reflexidens, which was described from Chile, is controversial; Maier (2002a) and Ochyra (2004b) treat it as a species of Coscinodon. 62. Grimmia grisea has been reported from Iceland by Greven (1998). This taxon was originally described from South Georgia (Cardot, 1906) after materials collected by Skottsberg. There are no original materials at PC, and all the available syntypes at S (Skottsberg original herbarium) and H-BR are conspecific with G. reflexidens. 63. Grimmia subsulcata was considered a synonym of G. reflexidens by Muñoz (1998), although he later realized (Muñoz & Pando, 2000) that this typification was in error (the name is homotypic with G. alpestris var. microstoma Bruch & Schimp.). No type of the latter name could be found in BM (original Schimper’s herbarium) or any of the many herbaria to which materials were requested. Pending further developments the name is tentatively maintained under G. reflexidens. 64. The status of Grimmia crassifolia is controversial. There are no capsules in the holotype, and thus it is impossible to decide if it belongs to G. poecilostoma or G. tergestina. Muñoz (1999) considered it a synonym of G. poecilostoma, but in a more recent paper it was placed under G. tergestina (Ignatova & Muñoz, 2005). 65. Grimmia austrofunalis is an Australasian and South American taxon that does not grow in Europe. It is characterized by large gemmae (100–200 mm) formed on short stalks arising at dorsal costa base, whose liberation does not cause any damage to the leaves. Other characters, such as very large size for the genus (up to 8 cm) and shiny leaves, are more variable (Muñoz, 1999). 66. The name Grimmia britannica, now treated by Smith (2004) as a form of G. trichophylla, is a new name for G. robusta Braithw., a later homonym for G. robusta Nees & Hornsch. (? Schistidium robustum (Nees & Hornsch.) H.H.Blom) and thus illegitimate. When Braithwaite (1872) published his new species, he mentioned four syntypes from different Scotland 230 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. M. O. HILL ET AL. localities, collected by Fergusson, Moore, Stirton and Hunt, which are, at least Fergusson’s, a mixture of several species. Not all possible syntypes have been located, and the name remains to be typified. Grimmia meridionalis, originally described as G. trichophylla var. meridionalis Müll.Hal. and raised to species rank by Maier (2002b), is listed here as a synonym of G. trichophylla, in accordance with the opinion of Muñoz (1999). Grimmia triformis was generally treated as a synonym or variety of G. donniana until revised by Muñoz (1998). Grimmia ungeri was originally described from Cyprus. Its presence in Europe is disputed by Greven (1995) but asserted by Muñoz & Pando (2000). Indusiella thianschanica was reported by Thériot (1918) from Dagestan, Russian Caucasus. Jaffueliobryum latifolium has been found in the Russian Caucasus (Kharzinov et al., 2005). Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra in Ochyra et al. (2003) divide Racomitrium into four genera, namely Racomitrium Brid., Niphotrichum (Bednarek-Ochyra) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra, Codriophorus P.Beauv. and Bucklandiella Roiv. In the interests of nomenclatural stability, these subdivisions are recognized here at the rank of subgenus. Racomitrium hespericum was described from the Iberian Peninsula by Sérgio, Muñoz & Ochyra (1995). Racomitrium lusitanicum was described from Portugal by Ochyra & Sérgio (1992). Schistidium andreaeopsis (Müll.Hal.) Laz., known from Beringia, is probably not European. Schistidium marginale, S. pratense, S. scabrum and S. subflaccidium are mapped for Austria on the website ‘Mooskartierung in Österreich’ http://www.sbg.ac.at/ bot/, on the basis of specimens determined by H.H. Blom (pers. comm.). These names are nomina nuda and cannot be included in the checklist although the mapped taxa are thought to be good species. Schistidium apocarpum s.l. has been comprehensively revised in northern Europe by Blom (1996). He subsequently wrote a substantial flora account of Schistidium (Blom in Nyholm, 1998) and has described additional species from elsewhere. Our treatment of Schistidium follows his flora account except where otherwise indicated. The name Schistidium alpicola (Hedw.) Limpr., nom. rejic., was for long applied to the plant now called S. platyphyllum. It is a synonym of Schistidium agassizii (Blom in Nyholm, 1998) and is now rejected. Blom (pers. comm. to Hill) points out that the author citation S. platyphyllum (Mitt.) Kindb., often used in North America, is incorrect because Kindberg did not recognize Schistidium as a genus. According to Ochyra et al. (2003), Schistidium helveticum (Schkuhr) Deguchi is a synonym of S. singarense and has priority. Blom (1996) was unable to 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. study the lectotype of S. helveticum, which was not found at LAU. He has subsequently written (pers. comm.) ‘All evidence (including the protologue) points towards the taxonomic identity of S. helveticum and S. singarense, further strengthened by the article by Ochyra et al. (2003)’. Given that there is apparently no Schkuhr material at HAL, he concludes that if we accept the lectotypification by Deguchi, then we may use the name S. helveticum. Therefore the name S. helveticum is recommended here, even though a new lectotype to replace the lost type specimen chosen by Deguchi has not been designated. For protologues of Grimmia maritima and Dicranum scottianum, see Nelson (1997). Schistidium occidentale, a species previously known only from the mountains of southwestern North America, was found in the Sierra Nevada, southern Spain (Casas, Blom & Cros, 2001). Schistidium sinensiapocarpum is mapped for two localities in Austria on the website ‘Mooskartierung in Österreich’ http://www.sbg.ac.at/bot/, on the basis of specimens determined by H.H. Blom (pers. comm.). Schistidium spinosum was described from the Black Forest, with localities elsewhere in Germany and France (Blom & Lüth, 2002). Campylostelium pitardii was transferred from Grimmia by Maier (1998). Seligeria transylvanica was synonymized with Brachydontium trichodes by Ochyra (2004c). Subgenera of Seligeria are those of Vitt (1976). Seligeria galinae was described from the Urals by Mogensen & Goldberg (2002). Seligeria irrigata was raised to species rank by Ochyra & Gos (1992). Fissidens dubius var. mucronatus (Breidl. ex Limpr.) Kartt., Hedenäs & L.Söderstr. is included here in var. dubius. For information on Fissidens luisieri refer to Sérgio, Iwatsuki & Ederra (1997). Like Sérgio & Carvalho (2003) we include pending further investigation Fissidens polyphyllus var. newtonii Husn. in F. polyphyllus var. polyphyllus. Sérgio et al. (1997) provide a useful discussion of Fissidens serrulatus. Limbidia can be greatly reduced in many limbate species. Most taxa that are primarily or only characterized by their limbidia restricted to the vaginant lamina, e.g. Fissidens kosaninii Latzel, F. exiguus Sull. and F. viridulus var. intralimbatus (R.Ruthe) Düll, are probably just poorly limbate forms of limbate species. Pursell (2005) provides new insight on the characterization of Fissidens arcticus. The European concept of Fissidens bryoides and related species diverges considerably from that of North American authors, e.g. Crum & Anderson (1981), Pursell (2005). European floras emphasize MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. differences and recognize several species. North American authors stress the presence of intergrading forms and recognize only one species, F. bryoides Hedw. On both continents many specimens are easily identified as F. bryoides sensu stricto (with numerous axillary antheridial buds), F. viridulus (most antheridia terminal on dwarf male or longer plants) or F. incurvus (incurved capsules). Also on both continents sexual characters are more or less correlated to other characters (extension of the limbidium, shape of the leaf apex, sporophyte, etc.). Intergrading specimens are also known from both continents and are probably most common in southern and northern regions. Whether they are more common in North America is unknown. In the Netherlands most specimens can be easily identified. Variation in sexuality in European material of this complex has led to the description of many varieties and species. In this checklist, we adopt a conservative (from a European point of view) perspective, but omit F. exiguus Sull. and F. kosaninii Latzel, and reduce F. curnovii and F. incurvus to varietal rank. Cortini Pedrotti (2001) and Smith (2004) treat Fissidens bryoides var. caespitans at species level. It is here included as variety because, though extreme forms are clearly distinct from F. bryoides var. bryoides by red rhizoids, a thicker limbidium, inclined capsules and a cushion-like growth form, many collections cannot be identified with certainty. In a recent provisional publication Pursell (2005) recognizes Fissidens minutulus as a distinct species, closely related to, yet distinct from, F. crispus (including F. limbatus). We are not convinced that the two taxa are distinct in Europe and they are treated as synonyms here. Fissidens gymnandrus is treated by North American authors and Ignatov & Afonina (1992) as a synonym of F. bryoides. However it differs from F. bryoides sensu stricto in being polyoicous, having oblong leaves with a wide apex, and by its preference for woody substrates in regularly flooded localities. Fissidens jansenii was described by Sérgio & Pursell (2001). The resemblance of this species to Fissidens rufulus was overlooked by its authors. Both species have small cells and limbidia that reach the insertion of the dorsal laminae. F. jansenii has bistratose leaves; the leaves of F. rufulus are irregularly bistratose or unistratose. Fissidens microstictus is a relatively unknown species characterized by stems with numerous wide, elliptical to ovate leaves, broad, acute leaf tips and dorsal laminae that are narrowed below and typically reach the insertion. All leaves of a stem can be elimbate or limbate, or limbate and elimbate leaves may occur on the same stem, limbidia are found on the vaginant laminae and sometimes also in the middle of the dorsal laminae. It is closely related to F. arnoldii from 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 231 which it differs in the broadly acute not acuminate leaf tips. Fissidens nobreganus resembles F. sublineaefolius which also has linear leaves and smooth cells. It differs from this species in having bud-shaped axillary perigonia and perigonia terminal on short axillary branches, by smaller, almost isodiametric laminal cells and limbidia that are restricted to the upper leaves of perichaetial plants. Fissidens sublineaefolius has terminal perigonia, larger, hexagonal laminal cells and well-developed limbidia on all laminae of all leaves. Fissidens perssonii was synonymized with F. ovatifolius by Dirkse, Bouman & Losada-Lima (1993). Fissidens pusillus is treated by North American authors as an expression of F. bryoides. European specimens identified as Fissidens exiguus are poorly limbate forms of either F. viridulus or of F. pusillus. Fissidens exiguus is treated by North American authors as a poorly limbate expression of F. bryoides. Fissidens sublimbatus was reported from the Canary Islands by Ros et al. (2001). Fissidens viridulus is treated by North American authors as an expression of F. bryoides. Bryum pallens, Dicranum polysetum, D. viridulum (Fissidens), Hypnum revolvens (Scorpidium) and Orthotrichum pumilum are Swartz names from before Species Muscorum that were validated in a book review (Anon., 1801); thus ‘ex anon.’. Fissidens viridulus var. incurvus is linked to var. viridulus by transitional forms. North American authors treat both taxa as expressions of F. bryoides. Re-examination of the isotype of Fissidens bambergeri in U showed that it is a poorly limbate form of F. viridulus. It differs from F. crispus (F. limbatus) with which it has been confused by larger, hardly bulging, less than twice as deep as wide, laminal cells. Fissidens marginatulus is not accepted by Ignatov & Ignatova (2003) and seems hardly distinct from F. viridulus. Fissidens serratus was reported as F. papillosus, new for the Canary Islands, by Dirkse, BruggemanNannenga & Bouman (1991). Bruggeman-Nannenga & Pursell (1995) treated F. papillosus as a synonym of F. serratus. Ceratodon antarcticus Cardot and C. heterophyllus Kindb. have been reported from arctic and alpine parts of Europe. According to Ochyra (1998), C. antarcticus is merely a developmental phase of C. purpureus with very large mid-leaf cells and plane leaf margins. European records of C. heterophyllus are based on plants that lack capsules and therefore according to the account of Burley & Pritchard (1990) are not reliable. Nevertheless, the occurrence in cold parts of Europe of Ceratodon plants with rounded, entire leaf apices is remarkable. Cultivation experi- 232 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. M. O. HILL ET AL. ments and additional genetic data are needed to elucidate their status. The assignment of synonyms to the subspecies of Ceratodon purpureus follows Burley & Pritchard (1990). Ditrichum gracile was synonymized with D. crispatissimum by Allen (1994). Ditrichum punctulatum is a subantarctic species, known in Europe only from Madeira and the Azores. Records of D. difficile (Duby) M.Fleisch probably belong to this species. Pleuridium serrulatum Luisier & Dixon, treated as doubtful by Corley et al. (1981) but included in recent Spanish lists, is represented in Luisier’s herbarium (INA) by non-fruiting plants. It therefore remains doubtful. Rhamphidium purpuratum, with peristome resembling Saelania, is excluded from Pottiaceae by Zander (1993). Its leaves resemble Dicranella and its tubers resemble those of Trichodon (Arts, 1989). Trematodon perssoniorum, endemic to S. Miguel, Azores, is closely related to T. longicollis. It was described by Allorge (1951) on the basis of suggestions made by her husband (died 1944) and Thériot (died 1947). She makes it absolutely clear that the description is newly written by her for the paper. In accordance with Article 60.11 of the International Code, the epithet perssonorum is corrected here to perssoniorum (noting that the form perssonii is used for ‘of Persson’ in several bryophyte epithets). Amphidium tortuosum is a tropical montane species, in Europe only in Tenerife and Madeira, where it had been reported as A. curvipes. Synonymy follows Frahm et al. (2000). Cynodontium asperifolium is similar to C. fallax, with rather slight differences. It is known from the Ural Mountains (Ignatov & Ignatova, 2003). The basionym of Cynodontium polycarpon is Fissidens polycarpos, which appears incorrectly in the index of Species Muscorum (Hedwig, 1801) as F. polycarpus. Although Dichodontium palustre has been variously placed in Dicranella, Diobelon or Diobelonella, a molecular study by Stech (1999) supports its affiliation with Dichodontium; which seems reasonable in view of its leaf shape. The systematic position of Dicranoweisia is controversial. Ochyra (1993) argued that its peristome places it in Seligeriaceae. He also (in Ochyra et al., 2003) divided the European species into Dicranoweisia, which occurs in the Northern Hemisphere and Africa, and Hymenoloma, whose distribution is mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. We recognize the merits of his argument but prefer to a adopt a conservative position until further work has been done. 123. Oncophorus elongatus, from Norway and Sweden, was elevated to the rank of species by Hedenäs (2005). 124. Rhabdoweisia kusenevae Broth. was included by Corley & Crundwell (1991) but treated by Ignatov & Afonina (1992) as a synonym of R. crispata. 125. The placement of Schistostega in Dicranales is controversial, but we follow Goffinet & Buck (2004) in this. 126. Dicranella campylophylla, not listed by Corley et al. (1981), was reported for Madeira by Eggers (1982). 127. Sections of Dicranum follow those of Nyholm (1987), with some nomenclatural changes due to Ochyra et al. (2003). 128. Dicranum crassifolium was described from Portugal (Sérgio, Ochyra & Séneca, 1995). 129. Dicranum transsylvanicum was described from Romania by Lüth (2002). 130. Dicranum dispersum was described from Germany by Engelmark (1999). 131. Dicranum undulatum Schrad. ex Brid. 1801 has priority over D. bergeri Blandow 1809. Dicranum undulatum Ehrh. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr 1803 is an illegitimate homonym. Although many recent European authors have avoided the name, it is current in North America and should also be used in Europe (Ochyra et al., 2003). 132. Dicranum angustum and D. laevidens are treated as distinct species, following Hedenäs & Bisang (2004). 133. An isotype of Dicranum sendtneri at S consists of a mixture of D. fuscescens and D. elongatum. Following Hedenäs & Bisang (2004), D. sendtneri is not recognized here as a distinct species. 134. Dicranum canariense, often treated as a subspecies of D. scottianum, is known from the Canary Islands and Spain. 135. Campylopus incrassatus was reported under the name C. eximius from Madeira by Koppe & Düll (1986), having been previously known under other names including C. dixonii Luisier. The synonymy of C. eximius and C. incrassatus is due to Frahm (1987). 136. Dicranodontium subporodictyon is only known as sterile. Therefore its generic position is still doubtful. 137. Leucobryum albidum is a North American species, in Europe only in the Azores. For differences between it and L. juniperoideum see Frahm (2005b). The distinction between L. albidum and L. juniperoideum is controversial; according to Vanderpoorten, Boles & Shaw (2003) they should be treated as synonyms. 138. Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. was reported from Tenerife by Düll (1992) on the basis of a 19th century herbarium specimen. It is omitted from a recent list for the Canary Islands (Losada-Lima et al., 2001). If the record is genuine, the species had probably been introduced from the tropics. MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 139. Molecular phylogenies of Pottiaceae by Werner et al. (2004a, 2005b) place the European species in the three groups recognized here: Merceyoideae (Scopelophila), Trichostomoideae (including Splachnobryum, Ephemeraceae, Pleuroweiseae sensu Corley et al., 1981, and some Barbula species, e.g. B. bolleana), and Pottioideae (including Pottieae, Cinclidotus and Barbuleae sensu Corley et al., 1981). Timmiella does not belong in Pottiaceae but is listed here until a better place can be found for it. Likewise, those Barbula species that belong in Trichostomoideae have been retained in Barbula until their correct generic position can be ascertained. 140. Crumia latifolia (Kindb.) W.B.Schofield is known from the Caucasus but outside Europe. 141. Anoectangium handelii is known from the Crimea. It is described by Zander & Weber (2005), correcting an earlier report by Zander (1977) who had treated it as a synonym of Molendoa sendtneriana. 142. Ephemerum hibernicum was described from Ireland by Holyoak & Bryan (2005). 143. Holyoak has examined much material of Ephemerum serratum and E. minutissimum, and finds that in both species occasional plants have leaves with a weak nerve. He has not seen the type of E. serratum var. praecox, which could be a synonym of either of these taxa. 144. Ephemerum spinulosum has been found in Ireland and the Basque region of Spain (Holyoak, 2001; Infante & Heras, 2005). 145. Author citation for Eucladium verticillatum follows the typification by Ochyra & Zijlstra (2005). 146. Gymnostomum mosis (Lorentz) Jur. & Milde was reported from Spain by Martı́nez-Sánchez, Ros & Guerra (1991), but later Cano, Ros & Guerra (1994) described the new species Gymnostomum lanceolatum based on this material. 147. Gymnostomum aeruginosum var. obscurum was described by Guerra (2004). 148. Spelling of species epithet in Hymenostylium recurvirostrum follows Hedwig (1801) not Crosby et al. (1999). 149. Pleurochaete malacophylla (Müll.Hal.) Broth. is listed for Turkey by Kürschner & Erdağ (2005). 150. Splachnobryum delicatulum is treated by Arts (2001) as a synonym of S. obtusum. Splachnobryum obtusum was not included in the main list of Corley et al. (1981), because these authors considered that its occurrences were not sufficiently natural. However, it occurs in the open in Hungary and the Azores, and is accordingly listed here. 151. Tortella arctica (Arnold) Crundw. & Nyholm has been reported from Svalbard, but the records refer to Trichostomum arcticum (Frisvoll & Elvebakk,1996). 152. Tortella alpicola was reported new for Europe by Otnyukova et al. (2004). 233 153. Tortella bambergeri was not recognized as a good species by Corley et al. (1981), but is generally accepted by bryologists in central Europe and also by us. 154. Tortella densa is treated as a variety T. inclinata var. densa, following Eckel (1998). 155. Tortella limbata has been refound on the Canary Islands. Dirkse et al. (1993) compared their collection with the holotype and noted the distinctive denticulate leaf border, composed of long narrow cells, running nearly to the leaf apex. 156. Tortella limosella is known only from the Scottish type-locality, and has not been refound since its discovery in 1906. 157. Tortella cirrifolia was synonymized with T. nitida by Sjögren (2001). 158. Molecular studies by Werner et al. (2005b) show that the genus Trichostomum as listed here is heterogeneous, with T. brachydontium and T. crispulum nested within Weissia and T. triumphans very close to Pottiopsis caespitosa. Trichostomum connivens (Lindb. ex Broth.) Paris is recorded from the Caucasus but is not known from Europe. Trichostomum contortum (Kunze) Sérgio is probably a synonym of T. brachydontium, although Sérgio (1985) thought that it was a good species. 159. For synonymy of Hyophila treleasei, see Sollman (1993). 160. Weissia leptocarpa Schimp. ex Besch. is treated by Sérgio & Carvalho (2003) as a doubtful species, but is accepted for Turkey by Kürschner & Erdağ (2005), in spite of the fact that Frey & Kürschner (1991) had treated it as doubtful and illegitimate. 161. Weissia mittenii (Bruch & Schimp.) Mitt. is omitted, because it is designated above as a hybrid W.6mittenii (Bruch & Schimp.) Mitt. emend. A.J.E.Sm. Smith (pers. comm. to Hill) notes that W. mittenii has malformed capsules and abnormal spores. Following Werner et al. (2005b), Astomum is included in Weissia. 162. A molecular study by Werner et al. (2004b) supports the species status of Weissia wimmeriana. 163. Acaulon mediterraneum is treated by many authors as a variety of A. muticum, to which it is undoubtedly close. 164. Aloina humilis was described from the Canary Islands by Gallego et al. (1998). 165. Aloina obliquifolia is accorded species rank following Gallego et al. (1999). 166. The Macaronesian Barbula semilimbata Dixon & Luisier was listed by Eggers (1982) but is a poorly known taxon, not recorded since it was described. 167. Barbula convoluta var. sardoa is treated by some at species rank. Frahm & Ahmed (2004a) suggested the name B. sardoa. However, the epithet sardoa is correct at the varietal level but superfluous at the species level. 234 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. M. O. HILL ET AL. If species rank is used, the correct name is B. commutata (see Frahm & Ahmed, 2004b). Although Corley & Crundwell (1991) did not accept the synonymy of Bryoerythrophyllum campylocarpum, Sollman (1990), Zander (1993) and Sérgio & Carvalho (2003) all accept it, as we do here. Cinclidotus bistratosus Kürschner & Lüb.-Nestle and C. nyholmiae Çetin have been described from Anatolia. Cinclidotus confertus Lüth was described from northwest Greece. Dr Alicia Ederra, who treated Cinclidotus for the Flora Briofı́tica Ibérica, has written (pers. comm. to Hill) ‘I had the opportunity to see the holotype of Cinclidotus confertus from STU. It is, without any doubt, a Cinclidotus; its habit is very similar to C. riparius, but, as noted by Lüth, the peristomes are different. So, I think they must be closely related species.’ She recommends retaining it in the list, although it has not been found elsewhere. Cinclidotus vivesii was described by Ederra in Ederra & Guerra (2005). Crossidium davidai was reported new for our area from the Canary Islands by Dirkse & Bouman (1995b) and Stern (1995). Crossidium geheebii was reported from Italy, new to Europe, by Privitera & Puglisi (2000a). Crossidium laevipilum was described in 1931 from North Africa and subsequently found in Spain (Casas, Cros & Brugués, 1993; Guerra et al., 1993). Crossidium laxefilamentosum was reported new to Europe by Pócs et al. (2004). Dialytrichia fragilifolia was raised to species rank by Lara (2005). A molecular study by Werner et al. (2005a) shows that previous sectional divisions of Didymodon cannot be maintained, but does not yet provide enough detail to demarcate new sections. Didymodon reedii H.Rob. (D. tectorum (Müll.Hal.) K. Saito), listed by Corley & Crundwell (1991), was erroneously reported from Britain (Blockeel & Smith, 1998). According to Sérgio & Jiménez Fernández (2003), Didymodon soaresii is a non-fruiting species of Tortula, of uncertain species. The synonymy of Didymodon asperifolius, D. fallax, D. giganteus, D. maximus, D. spadiceus and D. tophaceus follows Jiménez et al. (2005b). Didymodon australasiae synonymy follows Jiménez et al. (2005a). For description of Didymodon bistratosus, see Hébrard (1994). Didymodon brachyphyllus is reported from Iceland (Jóhannsson, 2003). Didymodon erosus was described by Jiménez et al. (2004). Didymodon lamyanus, from France, has been omitted from recent European lists. It was studied by Werner 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. et al. (2005a). Its closest relatives appear to be D. insulanus, D. nicholsonii and D. vinealis. Didymodon mamillosus is treated by Jiménez (2004) as a synonym of D. rigidulus. Didymodon sicculus was described by Cano et al. (1996). For synonymy of Didymodon subandreaeoides see Kučera & Köckinger (2000). Didymodon umbrosus synonymy follows Jiménez et al. (2005a). According to Ochyra (1998), Hennediella antarctica (Ångstr.) Ochyra & Matteri is a synonym of H. macrophylla and has priority. However, there appear to be some differences, and we have not changed the name applied to European plants pending further study of variation in the genus. Our circumscription of the genus Microbryum follows Zander (1993). Phascum piptocarpum is treated as a synonym of Microbryum curvicollum following Ros, Werner & Rams (2005). The synonymy of Microbryum davallianum and M. starckeanum follows Ros et al. (1996). Microbryum fosbergii was raised to species rank and synonymized with Pottia6andalusica by Ros et al. (2005). The basionym of Microbryum starckeanum is Weissia starckeana, named by Hedwig (1801) after Johan Christian Starke. Although Hedwig’s spelling is not apt, Article 60.1 of the International Code (Greuter et al., 2000) requires that it shall be retained. Pseudocrossidium obtusulum, originally described from Sweden, is widespread in North America, from which P. revolutum is absent. Reasons for treating it as a distinct species are given by Eckel, Hoy & Elliot (1997) and Zander (2002). Pseudocrossidium replicatum was found in Italy, new for the European moss flora (Privitera & Puglisi, 2000b). Pterygoneurum compactum was described from Spain by Cano, Guerra & Ros (1994). Pterygoneurum crossidioides, originally described from the Dead Sea area of Israel, was found in Hungary (Pócs, 1999). However, Erzberger & Papp (2004) regard the record as somewhat doubtful. Pterygoneurum papillosum was described by Oesau (2003). Pterygoneurum squamosum was described from Spain by Segarra et al. (1998). Syntrichia treatment follows Gallego (2005). Syntrichia bogotensis (Hampe) R.H.Zander has been found in Madeira (Gallego, Cano & Sérgio, 2005). Some recent authors such as Vanderpoorten (2001) treat Syntrichia calcicola as a synonym of S. ruralis. According to a revision by Gallego et al. (2002a), Spanish material ascribed to Syntrichia pseudohandelii is S. caninervis var. caninervis. These authors treat S. MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. pseudohandelii as a synonym of the non-European S. c a n i n e r v i s v a r . p s e u d o d e s e r t o r u m ( V o n dr . ) M.T.Gallego, which is found in western Asia, including Turkey. For the status of Syntrichia caninervis var. abranchesii refer to Gallego et al. (2002a). Syntrichia caninervis var. astrakhanica was described by Ignatov, Ignatova & Suragina (2002). Syntrichia glabra was described by Frahm & Gallego (2001). Following Gallego, Cano & Guerra (2004), no infraspecific taxa are recognized within Syntrichia laevipila, which is synonymized with S. pagorum, Tortula laevipilaeformis and T. saccardoana. Syntrichia minor was recognized at species rank by Gallego et al. (2000). According to Ochyra (1994), Tortula intermedia De Not. 1838 is a synonym of Tortella humilis, making Tortula intermedia (Brid.) Berk. 1863 an illegitimate homonym. According to Gallego (2005), Tortula papillosa var. meridionalis Warnst. should not be recognized as a distinct variety. According to Gallego (2005), Syntrichia princeps var. parnassica (Schiffn.) Podp. should not be recognized as a distinct variety. Author citation of Syntrichia ruralis var. ruraliformis follows Gallego (2005). Syntrichia subpapillosissima was recognized at species rank by Gallego et al. (2002b). These authors treated Tortula ruralis var. submamillosa W.A.Kramer as a synonym. Tortula buyssonii (H.Philib.) Broth., from the Auvergne, France, is a little-known taxon that has apparently not been found since the 19th century. Tortula caucasica Lindb. (Pottia caucasica (Lindb.) Paris) is known from Georgia but not from Europe. Tortula grandiretis Broth. is listed for Turkey by Kürschner & Erdağ (2005). Tortula ampliretis, described from the Canary Islands in a paper by Crundwell, During & Long (1978), was inexplicably not mentioned by Corley et al. (1981). Tortula bolanderi and T. inermis should be in Tortula not Syntrichia (Werner et al., 2003a). Tortula israelis, described from Spain as T. muralis var. baetica, was raised to species rank by Guerra & Ros in Guerra, Ros & Carrión (1992) and subsequently synonymized with T. israelis by Cano, Guerra & Ros (1996). According to Cano (2004a), European plants attributed to Crossidium seriatum Crum & Steere should be referred to Tortula brevissima. The synonymy and nomenclature of Tortula hoppeana follow Ochyra (2004a). For the synonymy of Desmatodon meridionalis see Sérgio & Granzow de la Cerda (2001). 235 224. According to Sérgio & Carvalho (2003), the type material of Pottia cuneifolia corresponds to P. pallida. Therefore, P. pallida and Tortula zoddae, which is a new name for P. cuneifolia in Tortula, are included in the synonymy of T. pallida. 225. Zander (1993) provided the new name Tortula rhodonia for Desmatodon wilczekii, because the epithet wilczekii is not available in Tortula. 226. Cano, Werner & Guerra (2005) raised Tortula subulata var. angustata with bistratose border to species rank, on the basis of T. angustata Lindb., and provided the new name T. schimperi, because the epithet angustata is not available at species rank in Tortula. The other varieties of T. subulata were sunk in a single variable species. 227. According to Cano (2004a, b), Tortula marginata subsp. limbata is a synonym of T. solmsii. 228. Tetraplodon urceolatus is a good species which has been misunderstood in Scandinavia, where it has been confused with forms of T. mnioides. 229. Orthotrichum urnaceum Müll.Hal. was signified for Europe by Lewinsky-Haapasaari (1995) but the locality is in Armenia. 230. Synonymy of Orthotrichum limprichtii follows Lewinsky-Haapasaari in Nyholm (1998). 231. Orthotrichum casasianum is reported only from northern Spain (Mazimpaka et al., 1999). 232. Orthotrichum crenulatum was reported as O. flowersii Vitt from the French Alps (Boudier & Pierrot, 1992). 233. Orthotrichum handiense is an endemic from Fuerteventura, Canary Islands (Lara et al., 1999a; Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka, 2003). 234. Orthotrichum hispanicum was described from Spain by Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka (2000). 235. Orthotrichum macrocephalum was described from Spain by Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka (1994). 236. For synonymy of Orthotrichum lewinskyae see Draper et al. (2003). 237. Orthotrichum schimperi is recognized as a species in accordance with Cortini & Lara in Cortini Pedrotti (2001). 238. For synonymy of Orthotrichum rogeri var. defluens, see Garilleti, Lara & Mazimpaka (2002). 239. For synonymy of Orthotrichum australe, see Lewinsky (1993). 240. Orthotrichum vittii was described from Spain by Lara et al. (1999b). 241. For synonymy of Orthotrichum arcangelianum see Lara et al. (2002) and Lewinsky (1993). 242. Orthotrichum shawii has been reinstated as a distinct species (Mazimpaka et al., 2000). 243. Orthotrichum ibericum was described from Spain and Portugal by Lara & Mazimpaka (1993). 244. For the synonymy of Orthotrichum caucasicum, see Lewinsky (1993). 245. We have excluded Orthotrichum elegans Schwägr. as a European species because Nordic material named as 236 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. M. O. HILL ET AL. O. speciosum var. elegans (Schwägr.) Warnst. is referable to O. speciosum. For differences between these two taxa see Vitt & Darigo (1997). Orthotrichum speciosum var. brevisetum is known from Spain & Sicily; see Draper et al. (2003). Orthotrichum tortidontium was described from Morocco and Spain by Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka (1996). Orthotrichum vladikavkanum was described from the Russian Caucasus by Venturi (1887). It was listed in Podpěra’s (1954) Conspectus, but the Caucasus was assigned to Asia by Corley et al. (1981). For the present enumeration, the Russian part of the Causasus is now again included in Europe. Corley et al. (1981) included Ulota macrospora in U. rehmannii, but the two species are distinguished here, following Boudier & Pierrot (1996) and Sauer (1998). The inclusion of Zygodon forsteri in Codonoblepharon is controversial (Goffinet and Vitt, 1998; Matcham & O’Shea, 2005). In our opinion it is best placed in Zygodon. Casas et al. (1985) considered Z. madeirensis to be close to Z. forsteri; it is treated here as a synonym following Düll (1992). Further revision is needed to assess its identity. Zygodon sibiricus was reported from the European side of the Urals by Ignatov & Ignatova (2003). Zygodon stirtonii is recognized at species rank following Smith (2004). Hedwigia ciliata var. viridis Bruch & Schimp. is listed by Casas (1991), but Hedenäs (1994) was unable to trace the type specimen, so it is uncertain whether the variety belongs to H. ciliata or H. stellata. Hedwigia ciliata var. leucophaea was illustrated and mapped by Hedenäs (1994). Hedwigia stellata was described from Sweden by Hedenäs (1994). Anacolia laevisphaera is reported from Europe in an abstract by Quandt & Frahm (2004). It is a tropical montane species and German specimens from the Mosel region had been incorrectly identified as Bartramia stricta. Anacolia menziesii was found new to Europe in the provinces of Almerı́a and Granada in southern Spain (Garcı́a-Zamora et al., 1998). Its distinctness from A. webbii was confirmed by molecular data (Werner et al., 2003b). Bartramia pomiformis var. elongata Turner and B. pomiformis var. heteromalla (Brid.) Müll.Hal. are treated with great scepticism by Nyholm (1998), and var. elongata is treated as a synonym of var. pomiformis by Smith (2004). These varieties are accordingly excluded from the checklist. Nomenclature for Bartramia section Pyridium (section Vaginella Müll.Hal., nom. illeg.) follows Ochyra et al. (2003). 260. Bartramia breviseta was originally described from Finnmark, but was treated as a synonym of B. ithyphylla in many European checklists. Fransén (2004) has demonstrated that it is distinct, differing, for example, in the lack of an inner peristome. 261. Bartramia ithyphylla var. strigosa (Wahlenb.) Hartm. was mapped by Söderström (1996). However, Fransén (2004) treats it as a synonym of var. ithyphylla, and it is accordingly not recognized here. 262. Philonotis marchica var. laxa, described from Switzerland and Germany as P. laxa Limpr., is listed by Casas (1991) but is no longer recognized in German and Swiss lists. 263. Philonotis uncinata (Schwägr.) Brid. is listed for the Azores by Gabriel et al. (2005). 264. Molecular data now leave no doubt that the genera Anomobryum, Brachymenium, Plagiobryum and Rhodobryum cannot be maintained with the circumscription used by Corley et al. (1981) since most are ingroups within Bryum sensu lato (e.g. Pedersen, Cox & Hedenäs, 2003; Pedersen & Hedenäs, 2005). The molecular data also show that there have been multiple instances of convergent evolution of morphological characters in Bryaceae, so that classifications based exclusively on the morphological characters currently known are unsound. Hence, for example, the genus Rosulabryum proposed by Spence (1996) is not adopted here because molecular data imply it is polyphyletic (Pedersen et al., 2003). A start has been made on subdividing Bryum into segregate genera (e.g. Imbribryum N.Pedersen) on the basis of molecular data from multiple loci used in combination with morphological data (Pedersen, 2005; Pedersen & Hedenäs, 2005), but their treatment cannot yet be applied to European species as a whole because molecular data are not available for many species. The generic treatment of Corley et al. (1981) is therefore used here in an interim arrangement. 265. Loeske (1932 [1933]) long ago interpreted Anomobryum leptostomoides as fertile A. concinnatum, and numerous fertile specimens examined by Holyoak from its type-locality at Mont Dore (France) consistently show the gametophytic characters of concinnatum. This is therefore the only European locality at which A. concinnatum has been found with capsules, and it is significant because sporophytes of A. leptostomoides differ from those of A. julaceum in the erect not inclined to cernuous capsules and their greatly reduced peristome, as described in detail by Shaw & Fife (1984). Furthermore, similar capsules have been described from Michigan (USA), again from plants with gametophytes indistinguishable from those of A. concinnatum. Shaw & Fife (1984) were ‘inclined to recognize A. leptostomoides at the specific level’ but hesitated to do so because they thought that the MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. usual non-fertile plants would be impossible to name with certainty. However, European bryologists have long recognized A. concinnatum without great difficulty from non-fertile material, so this form is surely best treated at species rank as advocated by Loeske. Sérgio, Cros & Brugués (1996) re-examined Anomobryum lusitanicum in detail, retaining it in the genus Anomobryum. Brachymenium commutatum is known in Europe only from the Sierra Nevada. It was first reported by Thériot (1932) as B. commutatum var. hispanicum Thér. and rediscovered in 1997 (Brugués et al., 2003). European plants are sterile and less robust than var. attenuatum Thér. & Trab., which was described from the Hoggar mountains, Algeria. Small forms are also found in the Hoggar (Thériot, 1932). Ochi (1972, 1973) did not examine any of the type material of B. commutatum during his review of African Bryoideae. However, a specimen assigned to B. commutatum var. attenuatum from Sudan and material from Eritrea were reidentified by him as the widespread B. exile Dozy & Molk. It appears very likely that B. commutatum should be placed as a synonym of B. exile. Brachymenium notarisii was placed in the genus Haplodontium for many years, within which it is the type of subgenus Ateleobryum (Mitt.) Broth. (Wijk, Margadant & Florschütz, 1962). It was transferred from Haplodontium to Brachymenium by Shaw (1987), who commented that ‘it certainly does not belong in the Mielichhoferioideae’. Podpěra (1954) identified Mielichhoferia paradoxa with ‘Bryum splachnoides C. M.’, i.e. B. cellulare. However, Shaw (1987) reidentified it as a distinct species known only from Macedonia that he placed in Brachymenium, an arrangement that was followed by Corley et al. (1991). The recent checklist of mosses of the former Yugoslavia (Pavletic, Martincic & Düll, 1999) continues to treat Brachymenium paradoxum erroneously as Bryum cellulare. Brachymenium philonotula is known in our area only from Madeira (Rocha da Pena, 1928, leg. C. Barreto, S). According to Ochi (1972) it is perhaps conspecific with B. exile Dozy & Molk. Bryum pamirense H.Philib. ex Broth. was reported new for Europe from Komi Republic in northern Russia (Zheleznova & Shubina, 1998). However, Ignatov & Afonina (1992) marked it with ?, to denote a ‘particularly poorly known and putatively ill-defined species’. Bryum pamirense is apparently close to B. savicziae and B. uliginosum (Savicz-Ljubitzkaja & Smirnova, 1970), but differs from both of these in being synoicous rather than autoicous. Like B. savicziae, it has the cilia of the endostome well developed and appendiculate, whereas B. uliginosum 272. 273. 274. 275. 237 has short cilia. It might be a form of B. uliginosum or possibly a hybrid. Bryum savicziae Schljakov was described from the Kola peninsula in Russia in 1951 but overlooked by Index Muscorum (Wijk, Margadant & Florschütz, 1959, 1969). It is known only from the type-locality. It resembles B. uliginosum but has the cilia of the endostome well developed and appendiculate. Spore sizes of 19–31 mm given by Savicz-Ljubitzkaja & Smirnova (1970) seem rather variable and perhaps this suggests a hybrid is involved. Ignatov & Afonina (1992) also reported B. ekstamii L.I.Savicz, B. labradorense H.Philib., B. umbratum I.Hagen and B. zemliae Arnell & Jaderh. from the north of European Russia. These little-known species require further study. Bryum vermigerum Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen was discovered at Hardanger, Norway in 1915 and 1916; it is otherwise known only by a recent report from Iceland. Bryum vermigerum was treated as a valid species by Nyholm (1993) and its combination of characters is undoubtedly different from that in any other European Bryum species. Nevertheless, Nyholm reported an extraordinarily wide range of spore sizes (10–20 mm) and, although one capsule examined by Holyoak (at S) contained spores of less variable size (10–14 mm), these included a proportion of small shrunken and presumably abortive spores. The rarity of B. vermigerum, its peculiar characters and the variable and sometimes abortive spores may suggest that an interspecific hybrid is involved. Bryum colombii Meyl. and B. mesodon J.J.Amann are listed in the current Swiss list http://www.bryolich.ch/, but their identity is uncertain. Bryum murmanicum Broth. is on the Red List for the Murmansk Oblast of Russia as Data Deficient; its identity is also uncertain. Bryum geheebii Müll.Hal. was treated as probably a synonym of B. alpinum by Corley et al. (1981), as a species by Düll (1985), but very doubtful by Düll (1992); its identity is uncertain. The identity of B. teres Lindb. is also uncertain; it was treated by Düll (1985) as a synonym of B. nitidulum (here treated as a synonym of B. intermedium), but this synonymy was questioned by Nyholm (1993). Bryum gerwigii (Müll.Hal.) Limpr. is known from its type-locality on limestone rocks above the Rheinfalles near Schaffhausen in Switzerland and from a few other reports from central Europe. As with other submerged Bryum, it is apparently so greatly modified by growth in water (and perhaps by low light levels) that it is difficult to judge which species was its immediate progenitor. This uncertainty provides insufficient reason for treating it as a valid species. Bryum gemmiparum seems closest in view of the leaf shape, occurrence of bulbils and the habitat. 238 M. O. HILL ET AL. 276. Crundwell (1970) recognized the widespread synoicous forms of Bryum algovicum as var. rutheanum and the less common autoicous ones as var. algovicum (of which he treated var. compactum as a synonym). Unpublished studies by Holyoak suggest that autoicous plants appear to occur mainly if not entirely on high ground in the Alps, whereas synoicous plants occur throughout the lowlands, from central Europe north to Svalbard. The autoicous plants are often small and densely tufted, they sometimes have narrow capsules, and the endostome processes have narrow perforations. They might merit treatment as a separate species rather than merely as a variety. 277. Bryum apiculatum has a Pantropical range extending into temperate areas, with a single confirmed record in our region, from Tenerife (Ochi, 1972). The synonymy of B. apiculatum follows Ochi (1994). 278. Taxonomic treatment of several Bryum species follows Holyoak (2004). 279. Bryum veronense was treated as a subspecies of B. argenteum by Podpěra (1954) and Urmi (1987), as ‘a weak species’ by Düll (1992) who noted that verification is needed for most specimens, and as a distinct species allied to B. argenteum by Nyholm (1993). Some of the material referred to B. veronense is a modified form of B. argenteum, including plants with a proportion of achlorophyllose leaf tips that undoubtedly intergrade with that species, and otherwise typical B. veronense may have the papillose rhizoids of B. argenteum. However, other material placed as B. veronense in herbaria differs in various respects and may comprise similarly reduced, rather featureless, modified forms of other Bryum species, e.g. diminutive B. pallens. 280. Longton (1981) studied intraspecific variation in morphology and physiology of Bryum argenteum on a global scale by means of cultures grown on agar under standardized laboratory conditions. He established that var. lanatum is of doubtful taxonomic value because the excurrent nerve was not maintained in cultivation by clones originating in Canada and Hawaii. Ochi (1994) also noted ‘gradations with the typical variety’. Nevertheless, lanatum was treated as a distinct species by Frahm (2002) and Spence & Ramsay (2002), on the basis of its longer acuminate leaf point, excurrent nerve and differing habitat preferences, but without any mention of Longton’s detailed study. Unless better evidence for the genetic distinctness of lanatum can be found it should be dismissed as an inconstant form of B. argenteum. 281. Bryum oblongum and B. blindii are treated as separate species based on the detailed study by Shaw (1981). 282. Bryum bornholmense was redescribed by Crundwell & Whitehouse (2001). 283. Corley et al. (1981) suggested that Bryum caespiticium is probably an aggregate species, within which B. comense and B. kunzei may be good segregates. The 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. 293. 294. latter is treated as a valid species here, but the case for maintaining B. comense appears weak. Although Düll (1985) listed B. comense as a species, he later (Düll, 1992) expressed doubt. Nyholm (1993) treated it as a synonym of B. caespiticium, as we do here. Demaret & Wilczek (1982) examined the types of B. canariense and B. provinciale and concluded that they represented different species, but Corley et al. (1991) did not follow them because ‘their work was based too rigidly on the study of types alone’. Studies by Holyoak support the conclusions of Ochi (1972), who noted that ‘The form called B. provinciale is synoicous, but there are also dioicous plants which have no other clear-cut differences from such synoicous ones. These two forms should be better included in a single taxon’. Bryum caucasicum is known in Europe only from the holotype from the Caucasus (S). It was transferred from Mielichhoferia to Bryum by Cox & Hedderson (2003). Bryum demaretianum was described from Belgium by Arts (1992). Treatment of the Bryum bicolor complex follows Holyoak (2003), who described B. dyffrynense as a new species from Britain. Bryum kunzei, Pohlia acuminata and P. polymorpha were described by Hornschuch (1819), not by Hoppe & Hornschuch as commonly stated. Bryum miniatum is a predominantly North American species known in Europe only from the Faeroe Islands. Bryum minii was mainly overlooked until the paper by Sérgio et al. (1999). Bryum muehlenbeckii is probably best regarded as a form of B. alpinum that grows where intermittently submerged in cold water, since a substantial proportion of European specimens intergrade with that species (Holyoak, unpublished). Some specimens have the characteristic leaves of both B. muehlenbeckii and B. alpinum on different parts of the same stem, apparently as a result of growth under wet or dry conditions, respectively. Bryum neodamense is almost certainly a recurrent form of B. pseudotriquetrum, since intermediate plants occur intermixed with most populations of neodamense, often in large numbers (Holyoak, in preparation). Occurrence of the neodamense morphotype appears to be closely associated with intermittent flooding by hard water, most often on lake shores, but also in basic fens and dune-slacks. Detailed morphological analyses and molecular studies have been carried out (Holyoak & Hedenäs, in preparation). Bryum aeneum was later emended to B. oeneum; see Wijk et al. (1959). Zolotov (2000) treats the polyoicous (partly synoicous) B. lonchocaulon as a species distinct from the autoicous B. pallescens. However, he examined few MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303. 304. autoicous specimens and the differences he reported from B. lonchocaulon (other than in sexuality) appear inconstant in material from Britain. Bryum bimum may merit species rank since it differs from B. pseudotriquetrum in being synoicous rather than autoicous, perhaps in having twice as many chromosomes (Smith, 2004), and in average dimensions of the leaf lamina cells and thickness of their cell walls (Demaret & Empain, 1985; Zolotov, 2000). However, they apparently do not differ much, if at all, in ranges, frequency or ecology, and preliminary molecular data (Hedenäs, pers. comm. to Holyoak) suggest they are very close. Bryum salinum differs from B. archangelicum in only a few characters; a few intermediate specimens are known. Bryum schleicheri author citation follows Geissler (1985). Wijk et al. (1959) cited the original description of Bryum torquescens as Bruch ex De Not., Syllab. Musc., no. 163, 1838. Syed (1973) found this reference to be wrong and he discounted ‘Fl. Sard. Exs., 1828’, given by other authors because he suspected it is a nomen nudum. The original description is therefore taken as that by Bruch & Schimper (Bryol. Eur., 4 p. 119, pl. 20, 1839 (fasc. 6–9, Mon., p. 49, pl. 20)) partly because this was the earliest description found by Syed and partly because they refer to it as ‘Diese neue Art’. Arts, Crundwell & Whitehouse (1995) showed that Bryum pyriferum described from Tenerife is conspecific with B. valparaisense, which was originally described from Chile but is now also known from N. America, Africa and Portugal. Hedwig (1801) used the spelling zierii twice, but the name Bryum zierii commemorates John Zier as was pointed out by Crum & Anderson (1981). More recent authors who amend it to zieri are therefore correcting it according to Article 60.11 of the International Code (Greuter et al., 2000). Touw (1984) gave reasons for rejecting the name Rhodobryum spathulatum in favour of R. ontariense. The large family Mniaceae of Goffinet & Buck (2004) is here divided following Koponen (1988) into the three families traditionally included in Mniaceae and the remainder, for which the only available name is Mielichhoferiaceae. Mielichhoferia elongata is often treated as a synonym or variety of M. mielichhoferiana, but according to Shaw (2000a), it is in reality a cryptic species. Pohlia ramannii Warnst. is recorded from the territory that was formerly in Finland and now in Russia (Söderström, 1998). It is not mentioned by Ignatov & Afonina (1992) and is treated here as doubtful. Webera luisieri Dixon and W. maderensis Dixon & Luisier, listed by Eggers (1982), are obscure taxa whose identity is uncertain. 239 305. Sections of Pohlia are based on Shaw (1984), except that we follow Smith (2004) in placing P. crudoides in section Pohlia and P. flexuosa in section Cacodon. 306. Pohlia bolanderi was found in the Sierra Nevada, new for Europe (Rams et al., 2004). 307. Pohlia ambigua was described from Austria but remains a poorly known taxon. According to Shaw (1982) it is a form of P. elongata. It is autoicous and is therefore assigned to var. acuminata. 308. Species limits in the Pohlia nutans group require further elucidation. Köckinger, Kučera & Stebel (2005) studied P. schimperi and established that the only really stable character separating it from P. nutans is its red coloration; they accordingly gave it subspecies rank and synonymized it with P. nutans var. purpurascens. Pohlia marchica Osterwald was described from near Berlin and subsequently collected on Bornholm. It has not been found for many years, and is signified by Nyholm (1993) as very close to P. schimperi. Pohlia turonensis J.M.Couderc & Guédès, nom. inval. was described from France. It is a close relative of P. nutans and has not subsequently been validated. 309. Pohlia saprophila, a mainly Asian species, is reported from the Komi Republic, Russia (Zheleznova, 1994). It may prove to be a dioicous race of P. elongata, but needs further study. 310. For the synonymy of Pohlia flexuosa see Townsend (1995). 311. Smith (2004) recognized two varieties of Pohlia flexuosa in Europe, namely var. flexuosa and var. pseudomuyldermansii nom. nud. (P. muyldermansii var. pseudomuyldermansii Arts, Nordhorn-Richter & A.J.E.Sm.). Townsend (1995) had noted that there is continuous variation in bulbil morphology in Nepal and India, and argued that the varieties should therefore be treated as synonyms. He hypothesized that there might be only two clones in Europe, with var. muyldermansii possibly a recent introduction. However Smith (pers. comm. to Hill) is of the opinion that in Europe there has been differentiation into two morphologically and ecologically distinct groups of plants. In view of the distribution of var. pseudomuyldermansii (Austria, British Isles and Switzerland) it seems unlikely that the populations concerned represent a single clone. The habitat of the varieties appears to be markedly different in Europe. For these reasons, Smith (above) makes the new combination P. flexuosa var. pseudomuyldermansii. 312. Pohlia tundrae is reported from Central Europe (Düll, 1991, 1992; Müller, 2004). 313. Mnium lycopodioides is treated here as a full synonym of M. ambiguum following Koponen (1994). 314. There are a number of records of Trachycystis ussuriensis in the Russian Caucasus, e.g. Kharzivov et al. (2004). 240 M. O. HILL ET AL. 315. Plagiomnium curvatulum is treated as a (rather cryptic) species distinct from P. medium on the basis of a genetic study by Wyatt, Odrzykoski & Stoneburner (1993). 316. Plagiomnium undulatum var. madeirense was described from Madeira by Koponen & Sérgio (2001). 317. According to Ochyra & Broughton (2004), Orthodontium australe is a synonym of O. lineare. 318. Leptotheca gaudichaudii is a New Zealand species that has been introduced to a garden in Ireland (Smith, 2004). It is not at present known in the wild in Europe. 319. Calomnion complanatum is an Australasian species that has been introduced to a garden in Ireland (Smith, 2004). It is not at present known in the wild in Europe. 320. According to Pfeiffer et al. (2000), Hypopterygium tamarisci is a variable and widely distributed species, which includes H. muelleri, introduced to Portugal from the Southern Hemisphere. We follow Sérgio & Carvalho (2003) in using the name H. tamarisci. 321. Achrophyllum dentatum is an austral species that has been introduced to a garden in England (Smith, 2004). It is not at present known in the wild in Europe. 322. Daltonia stenophylla is reported from Azores by Sjögren (2001) and Frahm (2004). According to Sjögren, Azores records attributed to D. splachnoides are actually D. stenophylla; this had been suggested to him by R. Schumacker and confirmed by H.A. Crum. 323. The species epithet of Cyclodictyon laetevirens was originally hyphenated as ‘laete-virens’. This is corrected here to ‘laetevirens’ in accordance with Article 60.9 of the International Code (Greuter et al., 2000). 324. The taxonomy of Fontinalis antipyretica is poorly understood and is further complicated by the startling results of recent phylogenetic studies using molecular methods (Shaw & Allen, 2000; Shaw, 2001). These show that European F. antipyretica is more closely related to the European endemic F. squamosa than to American F. antipyretica, which is morphologically indistinguishable from the European species. The subspecies retained here are recognized as distinct in several European countries, but they may be merely ecotypes that have evolved in different locations to suit similar selective pressures. Many other infraspecific taxa are not included in the main list. Recent European checklists have included subsp. lachenaudii (Cardot) Podp., subsp. sparsifolia (Limpr.) Kindb., var. cymbifolia W.E.Nicholson, and var. gigantea (Sull.) Sull. 325. Fontinalis antipyretica subsp. bryhnii is mapped as a species, F. bryhnii, by Söderström (1996), but is treated with great scepticism by Nyholm (1960) and signified as a possible hybrid by P. Martiny in Stewart (1995). In view of the taxonomic difficulties in the F. antipyretica aggregate, F. bryhnii is retained here only as a subspecies. 326. Fontinalis dichelymoides is recognized as a species in recent lists from Fennoscandia, e.g. Söderström (1996). 327. G e ne r i c c o nc e pt s i n Am bl y st e g i a c e a e a nd Calliergonaceae mostly follow Vanderpoorten et al. (2002). Hygroamblystegium is separated from Am bly ste giu m according to the results of Vanderpoorten et al. (2003) and Serpoleskea is retained in Amblystegium. Hygrohypnum is not monophyletic, but the genus is retained in its traditional sense awaiting ongoing studies regarding the relationships of its species. The positions of Conardia, Sanionia and Tomentypnum could not be decided by Vanderpoorten et al. (2002), and these genera are retained in the Amblystegiaceae until further studies have been made. 328. Campylium laxifolium was described from northern Sweden by Engelmark & Hedenäs (1990 [1992]). 329. Vanderpoorten (2004) has argued that the four European Hygroamblystegium species should be synonymized as H. varium. Further work is needed before making changes. 330. Hygroamblystegium varium is an aptly named species in a difficult genus. There is evidence that the Hygroamblystegium species recognized here are not monophyletic (Vanderpoorten, Cox & Shaw, 2004). 331. Hygrohypnum as circumscribed here is known to comprise heterogeneous elements, probably from more than one family. Ochyraea tatrensis would come within this circumscription, but a new combination is not made, pending a full revision of the group. According to Frahm (2005a), O. tatrensis is a mutant of Hygrohypnum smithii, but they are superficially very different and H. smithii was present at only one of the O. tatrensis sites. 332. The type of Pictus scoticus has been examined by Ignatov and others (pers. comm.), who consider it to be a form of Hygrohypnum luridum. This view is followed here. 333. Leptodictyum kurdicum (Schiffn.) Broth. is listed for Turkey by Kürschner & Erdağ (2005). 334. Palustriella pluristratosa was described from Valais, Switzerland (Stech & Frahm, 2001). However, in a later publication Frahm (2005a) signifies that P. pluristratosa may be a somatic mutation of P. falcata. 335. Pseudocalliergon angustifolium was described from Sweden by Hedenäs (1990 [1992]). 336. The high-arctic Pseudocalliergon brevifolium was transferred to Pseudocalliergon and recognized as a species by Hedenäs (1990 [1992]). 337. Calliergon orbiculare-cordatum (‘orbicularicordatum’) (Renauld & Cardot) Broth. was listed by Corley et al. (1981) but the specimens are C. richardsonii (Söderström, 1996). 338. For observations on Calliergon richardsonii, see Hedenäs (1993b). MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 339. Warnstorfia procera is recognized as a species following Hedenäs (1993b). 340. The circumscription of Leskeaceae and Hypnaceae has been challenged by Gardiner et al. (2005). We recognize the merit of their proposals, which would necessitate substantial nomenclatural change. We prefer not to make the changes until a more general overview of families in Hypnales is available. 341. Lescuraea secunda is reported from European Russia in the Urals (Ignatov & Ignatova, 2004). 342. Lindbergia brachyptera, known from the Russian Caucasus, was included by Podpěra (1954) but excluded by Corley et al. (1981) because the Caucasus was treated by them as part of Asia. 343. Pseudoleskea was reinstated as a genus distinct from Lescuraea by Corley & Crundwell (1991), on the basis of peristome differences emphasized by Crum & Anderson (1981). The peristome characters now seem less important, and Ignatov & Ignatova (2004) and Söderström (1998) included Pseudoleskea in Lescuraea. A conservative position is adopted here, pending more detailed analysis by molecular methods. 344. Pseudoleskea brachyclados (Schwägr.) Kindb., originally described from Austria, is listed for Turkey by Kürschner & Erdağ (2005). According to Podpěra (1954) it is a variety of P. radicosa (but if so it should have priority at species rank). Other European authors have treated it as a variety or synonym of P. incurvata. 345. We follow Wilson & Norris (1989) in including Leskeella (Limpr.) Loeske 1903 in Pseudoleskeella Kindb. 1897. 346. Leskeella incrassata type specimen has been examined by Ignatov; it is very close to Pseudoleskeella nervosa and, if recognized as a species, will prove to be common in southern Europe. For the time being the two are treated as synonyms. 347. Pseudoleskeella rupestris was lectotypified and synonymized with P. sibirica by Hedenäs & Söderström (1991). 348. In Thuidiaceae, the generic concepts of Touw (2001a) are adopted here. In particular Pelekium Mitt. (1868) emend. Touw is treated as a synonym of Cyrtohypnum (Hampe) Hampe & Lorentz (1869). 349. Pelekium atlanticum was described from Madeira as Thuidium atlanticum (Hedenäs, 1991). The name Pelekium atlanticum (Hedenäs) Touw appears in Touw (2001a), p. 191, but he failed to validate the name by a combination, commenting that P. atlanticum is doubtfully distinct from the American P. muricatulum (Hampe) Touw. On the other hand, Touw was not prepared to treat P. atlanticum as a synonym of P. muricatulum. Hedenäs makes the necessary combination above. 350. For the synonymy of Cyrto-hypnum montei with Thuidiopsis sparsa, see Touw (2001a, p. 205). Touw 351. 352. 353. 354. 355. 356. 357. 358. 359. 360. 361. 362. 363. 364. 241 notes that T. sparsa is known only from a former park area in Madeira, and suggests that it is an alien, introduced with ornamental plants. Thuidium assimile has priority over T. philibertii, based on the large-scale revision of Touw (2001b). As noted by Touw, T. assimile belongs to a complex of poorly defined taxa including T. delicatulum. Observations by Mrs C.T. van Dorp on European specimens support the recognition of two weakly distinguished species, rather than treating T. assimile as a variety of T. delicatulum. Subfamilial and generic concepts in Brachytheciaceae mostly follow Ignatov & Huttunen (2002). These authors overlooked the names Helicodontioideae M.Fleisch. and Eurhynchioideae Milde, and superfluously described these subfamilies as Rhynchostegielloideae and Rhynchostegioideae, respectively. For the taxonomic status of Thamnium cossyrense Bott. var. cossyrense and var. melitense Bott. see Mastracci (2001). Platyhypnidium grolleanum was described from Czech Republic by Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra (1999). Platyhypnidium mutatum was described by Ochyra & Vanderpoorten (1999); molecular studies did not find differences between this species and P. riparioides (Stech & Frahm, 1999). Frahm (2005a) asserts that it is a somatic mutant of P. riparioides. Platyhypnidium torrenticola was described as Gradsteinia torrenticola from the Canary Islands by Ochyra, Schmidt & Bultmann (1998) and subsequently transferred to the genus Platyhypnidium. The status of Rhynchostegium arcticum was reevaluated by Ignatov & Huttunen (2002). Rhynchostegium surrectum was synonymized with R. confertum by Hedenäs (1992b). Brachythecium cardotii was synonymized with Rhynchostegium megapolitanum by Hedenäs (1992b). Barbella strongylensis was transferred to Rhynchostegium by Buck & Privitera (1999). Clasmatodon parvulus (Hampe) Sull. is excluded. Heras, Infante & Buck (2006) have found that every Spanish specimen named as Clasmatodon was Pseudoleskeella tectorum. An old German record from 1851 is poorly localized (Müller, 2004) and is unlikely to be C. parvulus. Nobregaea latinervis is a morphologically very peculiar species known from a single locality in Madeira; it was described by Hedenäs (1992b). Synonymy of Helicodontium capillare follows Cortini Pedrotti (2006 [2005]), who indicates that a specimen of the supposedly endemic H. italicum had been identified as H. capillare by W.R. Buck. Rhynchostegiella bourgaeana is treated by Dirkse & Bouman (1995a) as an endemic of the Canary Islands. On the other hand, Corley et al. (1991) and Hedenäs (1992b) regarded it as a synonym of R. tenella. 242 M. O. HILL ET AL. 365. The status of Rhynchostegiella litorea and its differentiation from R. tenella are discussed by Dirkse & Bouman (1995a). 366. Rhynchostegiella macilenta, omitted by Corley et al. (1981) and Corley & Crundwell (1991), is treated as a full species and illustrated by Dirkse & Bouman (1995a). 367. Rhynchostegiella teesdalei and R. jacquinii were synonymized with R. teneriffae by Dirkse & Bouman (1995a). 368. According to Ignatov & Huttunen (2002), Rhynchostegiella tenuicaulis does not belong to Brachytheciaceae and is more likely a member of Amblystegiaceae, but more studies are needed. 369. Rhynchostegiella trichophylla was described from the Canary Islands by Dirkse & Bouman (1995a). 370. Molecular data do not confirm the traditional view on the identity of European Bryhnia scabrida and North American B. novae-angliae, so the resurrection of the former name was suggested by Ignatov & Huttunen (2002). 371. Popov et al. (2000) showed that Myuroclada maximowiczii was reported from Europe on the basis of a misidentification and excluded it from the European flora, but later Virchenko & Babenko (2001) found it as an alien plant in the grounds of the University Botanical Garden, Rostov-na-Donu, southern Russia. 372. The status of Brachythecium glaciale var. dovrense needs further study. The taxon may deserve recognition as a species. 373. Brachythecium umbilicatum Jur. & Milde is listed for Turkey by Kürschner & Erdağ (2005). 374. Brachythecium ryanii was synonymized with B. campestre by Hedenäs (1996). 375. Brachythecium rotaeanum and B. capillaceum are treated as synonyms, as in most recent European checklists. However, their identity needs confirmation. 376. Brachythecium coruscum was recognized as a synonym of B. groenlandicum by Nyholm (1965) but the name was omitted by Corley et al. (1981). 377. Brachythecium erythrorrhizon subsp. asiaticum was described from the Altai by Ignatov (1998), and is known from the Urals. 378. A typographic error in Wijk et al. (1962) makes it seem that Hypnum thedenii (Schimp.) C.Hartm. (1854) (not Hartm. 1845 as indicated) was published before Brachythecium thedenii Schimp. (1853). 379. R o b i n s o n & I g n a t o v ( 1 9 9 7 ) s h o w e d t h a t Brachythecium laetum is the correct name for the species often called B. oxycladon. In eastern North America this species is very common. It is reported from various parts of Europe, but confirmation of the identity of European plants and the American one is needed. 380. Brachythecium percurrens was described from Madeira by Hedenäs (1992a). Unpublished molecular data by Vanderpoorten et al. and Huttunen et al. suggest that 381. 382. 383. 384. 385. 386. 387. 388. 389. 390. 391. 392. it belongs to subfamily Helicodontioideae, and may be a member of Oxyrrhynchium. Brachythecium rutabulum var. atlanticum was described from Madeira by Hedenäs (1992a). Brachythecium appleyardiae is a synonym of Scleropodium cespitans (Blockeel et al., 2005). Brachythecium salteri was synonymized with B. dieckii by Hedenäs (1993a). The combinations Brachytheciastrum fendleri and B. olympicum were made by Vanderpoorten et al. (2005). There is still much uncertainty about the correct circumscription of Hypnaceae and related families. The classification adopted here is provisional, and we are well aware that it will be changed in future. The placement of Hypnum lindbergii and H. pratense in Calliergonella and Breidleria, respectively, follows Hedenäs (1990). The circumscription of Campylophyllum is that of Hedenäs (1997). Campylophyllum hispidulum (Brid.) Hedenäs is an American species not found in Europe (Crundwell & Nyholm, 1962). Ctenidium molluscum is a very variable species, for which numerous infraspecific taxa have been described. The following varieties are recognized in more than one European country: var. condensatum (Schimp.) E.Britton, var. molluscum, and var. robustum Boulay. The genetic basis of this variation requires further elucidation. Hypnum cupressiforme has such a complex pattern of variation that the delimitation of infraspecific taxa remains highly controversial. The varieties in the main list are those recognized in current checklists of at least four European countries. Other names, some of which may have priority over more popular ones, are var. brevisetum Schimp., var. imbricatum Boulay, var. julaceum Brid., var. tectorum Brid., var. tenue Hook. & Taylor, and var. tectorum (Brid.) J.-P.Frahm. Hypnum heseleri was described from Saarland in Germany and two localities in the Netherlands (Ando & Higuchi, 1994). van Zanten & Hofman (1994) grew spores from capsules of H. heseleri and demonstrated that the progeny were about 50% H. heseleri and 50% H. cupressiforme. Allozyme-electrophoresis provided further convincing evidence that H. heseleri is a locally derived mutant of H. cupressiforme. Accordingly, H. heseleri is treated as a variety of H. cupressiforme in a new combination, made above. Hypnum aemulans Breidl. ex Limpr., originally described from Austria, is treated as a good species by Ando (1994) but is listed without comment as a synonym of H. hamulosum by European authors (Koperski et al., 2000; Ulvinen, Syrjänen & Anttila, 2002). European occurrences need further investigation. MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 393. Hypnum holmenii was described from Canada, Greenland and Finland (Ando, 1994), and has been found in the Arkhangelsk Oblast of Russia (Ignatov & Ignatova, 2004). 394. Hypnum subimponens is reported from European Russia by Afonina (2004). 395. Vesicularia sphaerocarpa (A.Jaeger) Broth. was reported from Malta by Reimers in 1934 on the basis of a 19th century collection by Schweinfurth. The specimen (B) was destroyed in the Second World War, but Reimers in Bizot & Potier de la Varde (1952) was confident that it belonged to the taxon described by these authors as V. reimersiana. According to Corley et al. (1981), V. sphaerocarpa is a synonym of V. galerulata (Duby) Broth. Düll (1985) listed the Maltese plant as V. reimersiana, but also asserted that V. galerulata had been found in mainland Italy. Corley & Crundwell (1991) accordingly added V. reimersiana to the list, retaining V. galerulata. However, no species of Vesicularia is listed for Italy by Cortini Pedrotti (2006 [2005]). It seems likely that V. galerulata has never been found in Europe. 396. Smith (2004) treated Heterocladium flaccidum as a species, but provided only a nomen nudum. He has made the necessary new combination above for this checklist, noting (pers. comm. to Hill) that consultation with a number of British field bryologists revealed that, with one exception, none had encountered intermediates between it and H. heteropterum. 397. Heterocladium wulfsbergii is discussed in detail by Crundwell & Smith (2000). 398. Iwatsukiella leucotricha was listed for Europe by Podpěra (1954) under the name Habrodon leucotrichus (Mitt.) Perss., with a locality in the southern Urals. It was omitted without comment by Corley et al. (1981), but is indicated from the European side of the Urals by Dierssen (2001) and Ignatov & Ignatova (2004). 399. Alpine and arctic forms of Hylocomium splendens have been variously treated. Var. alpinum Schlieph. ex Limpr. is mapped by Söderström (1996), but is doubted and treated as possibly a synonym of var. obtusifolium (Geh.) Paris by Koperski et al. (2000). Var. obtusifolium is commonly treated as a synonym of H. alaskanum (Lesq. & James) Austin, whose distinguishing characters have been shown by Ross et al. (2001) to be mainly under environmental rather than genetic control. It is not clear whether any of these forms is sufficiently distinct genetically to deserve taxonomic recognition. 400. Herzogiella adscendens (Lindb.) Z.Iwats. & W.B.Schofield has been reported from Svalbard (Corley & Crundwell, 1991; Düll, 1985), but the record was subsequently rejected (Frisvoll & Elvebakk, 1996). 401. Myurella julacea var. ciliata (Chal.) Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra (syn. M. julacea var. scabrifolia 402. 403. 404. 405. 406. 407. 408. 409. 410. 411. 412. 243 Lindb. ex Limpr.) is treated as distinct in some European countries, but intergrades completely with var. julacea. It is not recognized here. Orthothecium chryseon is incorrectly listed as O. chryseum by Crosby et al. (1999). It was described as Hypnum chryseon by Schwägrichen (1804). Plagiothecium curvifolium is sometimes treated as a variety (in Europe) or synonym (in North America) (Ireland, 2003) of P. laetum, to which it is undoubtedly very close. As a variety, its correct name is P. laetum var. secundum. Plagiothecium denticulatum var. undulatum is treated in many European lists as a species, P. ruthei, but in North America merely as a synonym of P. denticulatum (Ireland, 2003). It is not clearly distinct from var. denticulatum, and we follow Ignatov & Ignatova (2004), Koperski et al. (2000) and Smith (2004) in treating it as a variety. Plagiothecium noricum was described from the Pinzgau, Austria and was thought by Molendo (but not Limpricht) to intergrade with P. neckeroideum. Grims (1999) listed it but noted that Düll (1992) had thought it a weak species, possibly only a variety of P. neckeroideum. It is not recognized here. Plagiothecium succulentum is a difficult taxon, intergrading on the one hand with P. nemorale (Hemeric, 1989) and on the other with P. cavifolium (Nyholm, 1965). It is also very close to P. platyphyllum. It is retained here, because it cannot satisfactorily be subordinated to any of these species without treating the whole group as a single, rather-broad species. Plagiothecium svalbardense was described by Frisvoll in Frisvoll & Elvebakk (1996). Pseudotaxiphyllum laetevirens was raised to species rank by Hedenäs (1992a). Entodon challengeri occurs in European Russia (Ignatov & Ignatova, 2004) and is the correct name for the plant formerly known as E. compressus (Iwatsuki & Tan, 2001). According to Ochyra & Ireland (2004), Isopterygium tenerum is absent from Europe but present in subSaharan Africa. However, Schumacker in Stewart (1995), Cortini Pedrotti (2006 [2005]) and Gabriel et al. (2005) list it for Italy and the Azores. Isopterygium bottinii was excluded from Sematophyllum by Guerra & Gallego (2005), and is included here in I. tenerum. Hageniella micans, previously known from Europe and North America, was synonymized with H. pacifica Broth., which occurs in China and Taiwan (Tan & Jia, 1999). Sematophyllum adnatum was found in Italy, where it is thought to be an introduction from North America (Brusa in Blockeel et al., 2000). 244 M. O. HILL ET AL. 413. Cryphaea lamyana was transferred to the otherwise tropical and Australasian genus Dendrocryphaea by Rao (2001). 414. Leucodon flagellaris author citation is based on synonymy in Podpěra (1954). 415. Leucodon pendulus, whose main distribution is in eastern Asia, has been found in the Ivanovo Oblast NE of Moscow (Ignatov & Ignatova, 2004). 416. Leucodon treleasei was treated as a synonym of L. canariensis by Corley et al. (1981) but as a distinct species by Hedenäs (1992b). 417. Homalia trichomanoides author citation follows that in the International Code (Greuter et al., 2000) Appendix IIIa, rather than Corley & Crundwell (1991). 418. The characters emphasized by Steere (1941) do not justify generic status for Metaneckera. There are, especially in Asia, several species of Neckera that have some or all of those chracters (J. Enroth, pers. obs.). 419. Thamnobryum cataractarum was described from England by Hodgetts & Blockeel (1992). 420. Thamnobryum fernandesii was described from Madeira by Sérgio (1981). 421. Thamnobryum maderense, signified by Hedenäs (1992b) as a good species, was reduced to a variety of T. alopecurum by Stech, Ros & Werner (2001) on the basis of molecular data. We are not fully convinced by their argument and prefer to retain T. maderense as a species for the time being. 422. Thamnobryum neckeroides was reported from Czech Republic, Germany and Italy by Mastracci (2003). 423. Thamnobryum rudolphianum was described from the Azores by Mastracci (2004). 424. The Madeiran endemic Echinodium setigerum was not mentioned by Corley et al. (1981) but was recognized as a good species by Churchill (1986). 425. Cryptoleptodon longisetus was omitted by Corley et al. (1981) but listed as Leptodon longisetus by Düll (1985). It was transferred to Cryptoleptodon by Enroth (1992). 426. Synonymy of Isothecium algarvicum follows Enroth & Hedenäs (1993). 427. According to Smith (2004), Isothecium myosuroides var. brachythecioides and I. holtii, although distinct in their typical expressions, are linked to I. myosuroides by intermediate forms. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Financial support for publication of this checklist came from the British Bryological Society (through its Bequest Fund), from English Nature and from the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH). We are grateful to those members of the Steering Committee who are not authors, namely Michele Aleffi, Bill Buck, Klaus Dierssen and Jiřı́ Váňa, for wise advice during the project. Francis Rowland of CEH designed an attractive website. We thank Ron Porley (Newbury, England) for encouraging us to realize the ECCB’s proposal to make a new European checklist. Bernard Goffinet (Connecticut) supplied an electronic copy of the Goffinet & Buck (2004) taxonomic hierarchy. John Tweddle (London) checked the author abbreviations against IPNI recommendations. We made extensive use of data on websites, especially the W3MOST database of Missouri Botanical Garden, and the author query facility of the International Plant Names Index. For help on particular points, we thank Olga Afonina (St Petersburg, Sphagnum), Hans Blom (Bergen, Schistidium), Alicia Ederra (Navarra, Cinclidotus), Gerard Dirkse (Nijmegen, Tortella limbata), T.V. Egorova (St Petersburg, Sphagnum), Len Ellis (London, Conardia), Tomas Hallingbäck (Uppsala, various taxa), Patxi Heras & Marta Infante (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Clasmatodon), Diana Horton (Iowa, Encalypta), Juan Antonio Jiménez (St Louis, Didymodon), Eva Maier (Geneva, Grimmia), Rayna Natcheva (Lund, Bulgarian mosses), Ron Pursell (Pennsylvania, Fissidens), Cecı́lia Sérgio (Lisbon, Portuguese and Macaronesian mosses), Tony Smith (north Wales, British mosses), Alain Vanderpoorten (Liège, Macaronesian mosses). Holyoak’s Bryum research was supported by the HIGH LAT RESOURCE under the EC-funded IHP programme, Plantlife International, and facilitated by Jeff Duckett (London). Finally, we thank two anonymous referees for helpful and detailed comments, which have resulted in many corrections and improvements. TAXONOMIC ADDITIONS and CHANGES: Heterocladium flaccidum (Schimp.) A.J.E.Sm., stat. et comb. nov. 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The genus Bryum (Bryaceae, Musci) in the Middle European Russia. Arctoa 9: 155–232. muticum, 97/5, Ann163 piligerum, 97/6 triquetrum, 97/7 Achrophyllum, 161 dentatum, 161/1, Ann321 Aloina, 98 aloides, 98/1 ambigua, 98/2 bifrons, 98/3 brevirostris, 98/4 humilis, 98/5, Ann164 obliquifolia, 98/6, Ann165 rigida, 98/7 Alophosia, 4 azorica, 4/1 Amblyodon, 124 dealbatus, 124/1 Amblystegium, 171 compactum, 175/1 confervoides, 171/1 fluviatile, 178/1 humile, 178/2 jungermannioides, 255/1 juratzkanum, 171/3 radicale, 171/2 riparium, 180/1 saxatile, 171/2 serpens, 171/3 subtile, 171/4 tenax, 178/3 varium, 178/4 Amphidium, 54 curvipes, 54/3, Ann118 lapponicum, 54/1 mougeotii, 54/2 tortuosum, 54/3, Ann118 Anacamptodon, 172 splachnoides, 172/1 Anacolia, 134 laevisphaera, 134/1, Ann256 menziesii, 134/2, Ann257 webbii, 134/3, Ann257 Andoa, 227 INDEX berthelotiana, 227/1 Andreaea, 2 Accepted names are given in roman type. Synonyms and names mentioned only in the annotations are in italics. The numbers following accepted names and synonyms are those of the genus and species in the main list. For names appearing only in the annotations, the annotation number is given. Abietinella, 199 alpestris, 2/8 alpina, 2/9 blyttii, 2/2 crassifolia, 2/5 crassinervia, 2/3 abietina, 199/1 frigida, 2/4 hystricosa, 199/1, Ann32 hartmanii, 2/11 Acaulon, 97 heinemannii, 2/5, Ann16 casasianum, 97/1 megistospora, 2/6 dertosense, 97/2 mutabilis, 2/10 fontiquerianum, 97/3 nivalis, 2/1 mediterraneum, 97/4, Ann163 obovata, 2/11 253 MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA planinervia, 2/5 rothii, 2/7 cuynetii, 80/2 Astomum, 96 rupestris, 2/12 crispum, 96/5 sinuosa, 2/13 levieri, 96/4 Anisothecium grevilleanum, 68/4 humile, 68/7 palustre, 58/2 rigidulum, 68/7 mittenii, Ann161 multicapsulare, 96/6 Atractylocarpus, 71 alpinus, 71/1 Atrichum, 5 pomiformis, 135/2, Ann258 stricta, 135/6, Ann256 subulata, 135/5 Blindia, 37 acuta, 37/1 caespiticia, 37/2 Brachydontium, 38 trichodes, 38/1, Ann84 Brachymenium, 141 rubrum, 68/12 angustatum, 5/1, Ann17 cellulare, 142/14 rufescens, 68/8 crispum, 5/2 commutatum, 141/1, Ann267 schreberianum, 68/9 flavisetum, 5/3, Ann18 exile, Ann267, Ann270 staphylinum, 68/10 haussknechtii, 5/3 notarisii, 141/2, Ann268 vaginale, 68/3 rhystophyllum, Ann17 paradoxum, 141/3, Ann269 varium, 68/12 tenellum, 5/4 Anoectangium, 79 aestivum, 79/1 undulatum, 5/5, Ann17, Ann18 Aulacomnium, 156 philonotula, 141/4, Ann270 Brachytheciastrum, 223 collinum, 223/1 angustifolium, 79/1 androgynum, 156/1 dieckii, 223/2, Ann383 handelii, 79/2, Ann141 palustre, 156/2 fendleri, 223/3, Ann384 hornschuchianum, 89/1 turgidum, 156/3 olympicum, 223/4, Ann384 schliephackei, 89/2 sendtnerianum, 89/3 taeniatifolium, 89/4 Barbella strongylensis, 210/6, Ann360 Barbula, 99 trachypodium, 223/5 vanekii, 223/6 velutinum, 223/7 tenuinerve, 89/5 acuta, 104/1 warburgii, 89/6 adriatica, 104/8 albicans, 220/1 asperifolia, 104/2 appleyardiae, 221/1, Ann382 concinnatum, 140/1, Ann265 bicolor, 99/1 campestre, 220/2, Ann374 filiforme, 140/2 bolleana, 99/2, Ann139 capillaceum, 220/3, Ann375 julaceum, 140/2, Ann265 commutata, 99/3, Ann167 cardotii, 210/3, Ann359 juliforme, 140/2 convoluta, 99/3 cirrosum, 220/4 lanatum, 142/6 cordata, 104/6 collinum, 223/1 leptostomoides, 140/1, Ann265 crocea, 99/4 coruscum, 220/5, Ann376 lusitanicum, 140/3, Ann266 cylindrica, 104/13 curtum, 219/4 Anomobryum, 140 Brachythecium, 220 ehrenbergii, 99/2 dieckii, 223/2, Ann383 attenuatus, 277/1 enderesii, 99/5 dovrense, 219/2 longifolius, 277/2 fallax, 104/8 erythrorrhizon, 220/6, Ann377 rostratus, 277/3 gigantea, 104/10 fendleri, 223/3 rugelii, 277/4 hornschuchiana, 113/1 geheebii, 220/7 tristis, 277/5 indica, 99/6 glaciale, 219/2, Ann372 viticulosus, 277/6 insidiosa, 104/22 glareosum, 220/8 johansenii, 104/14 groenlandicum, 220/5, Ann376 californica, 266/1 kneuckeri, 104/2 laetum, 220/9, Ann379 curtipendula, 266/2 lurida, 104/16 latifolium, 219/3 Aongstroemia, 67 reflexa, 104/9 mildeanum, 220/10 longipes, 67/1 revoluta, 113/4 oedipodium, 219/4 rigidula, 104/19 olympicum, 223/4 patens, 22/1 sardoa, 99/3, Ann167 ornellanum, 219/5 Aplodon, 119 semilimbata, Ann166 oxycladon, 220/9, Ann379 sinuosa, 104/21 percurrens, 220/11, Ann380 spadicea, 104/22 plumosum, 219/6 tophacea, 104/25 populeum, 219/7 Arctoa, 55 unguiculata, 99/7 reflexum, 219/8 anderssonii, 55/1 vinealis, 104/27 rivulare, 220/12 Anomodon, 277 Antitrichia, 266 Aphanorrhegma wormskioldii, 119/1, Ann32 Archidium, 40 alternifolium, 40/1 fulvella, 55/2 hyperborea, 55/3 Aschisma, 80 carniolicum, 80/1 Bartramia, 135 rotaeanum, 220/3, Ann375 breviseta, 135/3, Ann260 rutabulum, 220/13, Ann381 halleriana, 135/1 ryanii, 220/2, Ann374 ithyphylla, 135/4, Ann260, Ann261 salebrosum, 220/14 254 M. O. HILL ET AL. salteri, 223/2, Ann383 badium, 142/9 klinggraeffii, 142/29 starkei, 219/9 balticum, 142/19 knowltonii, 142/30 thedenii, Ann378 barnesii, 142/19 kunzei, 142/31, Ann283, Ann288 tommasinii, 220/15 bicolor, 142/19, Ann287 labradorense, Ann272 trachypodium, 223/5 bimum, 142/43, Ann295 lacustre, 142/30 turgidum, 220/16 blindii, 142/7, Ann281 laevifilum, 142/37 udum, 220/10 bornholmense, 142/8, Ann282 lanatum, 142/6 umbilicatum, Ann373 bryoides, 142/5 lawersianum, 142/5 vanekii, 223/6 caespiticium, 142/9, Ann283 leptostomum, 140/2 velutinum, 223/7 calophyllum, 142/10 lisae, 142/15 Braunia, 131 canariense, 142/11, Ann284 lonchocaulon, 142/42, Ann294 capillare, 142/12 longisetum, 142/32 castaneum, 142/43 mamillatum, 142/58 caucasicum, 142/13, Ann285 marratii, 142/33 cavifolium, 142/39 mesodon, Ann274 azorica, 136/1 cellulare, 142/14, Ann269 microerythrocarpum, 142/51 chrysocoma, 136/2 cernuum, 142/55 mildeanum, 142/34 chibinense, 142/23 miniatum, 142/35, Ann289 colombii, Ann274 minii, 142/36, Ann290 comense, 142/9, Ann283 moravicum, 142/37 flexuosa, 52/1 compactum, 142/1 muehlenbeckii, 142/38, Ann291 trobasiana, 52/1 concinnatum, 140/1 murmanicum, Ann274 vogesiaca, 52/2 creberrimum, 142/15 neodamense, 142/39, Ann292 crispulum, 142/39 nitens, 142/3 novae-angliae, 217/1, Ann370 cruegeri, 142/3 nitidulum, 142/28, Ann274 scabrida, 217/1, Ann370 cryophilum, 142/16 obconicum, 142/42, 142/53 curvatum, 142/4 oblongum, 142/40, Ann281 cuspidatum, 142/15 obovatum, 142/21 cyclophyllum, 142/17 obtusifolium, 142/16 alpigenum, 100/1 demaretianum, 142/18, Ann286 oelandicum, 142/58 caledonicum, 100/2 demissum, 143/1 oeneum, 142/41, Ann293 campylocarpum, 100/3, Ann168 dichotomum, 142/19 ontariense, 144/1 ferruginascens, 100/4 dixonii, 142/20 pachyloma, 142/21 inaequalifolium, 100/5 donianum, 142/21 pallens, 142/41, Ann106, Ann279 lusitanicum, 100/3 dunense, 142/19 pallescens, 142/42, Ann294 machadoanum, 100/3 duvalii, 142/59 pamirense, Ann271 recurvirostrum, 100/6 dyffrynense, 142/22, Ann287 platyloma, 142/12 rubrum, 100/7 ekstamii, Ann272 provinciale, 142/11, Ann284 elegans, 142/23 pseudotriquetrum, 142/43, Ann292, Ann295 angustifolium, 192/1 erythrocarpum, 142/51 purpurascens, 142/5 microphyllum, 192/2 excurrens, 142/19 pyriferum, 142/56, Ann299 virginianum, 192/3 filiforme, 140/2 radiculosum, 142/44 flaccidum, 142/37 riparium, 142/45 madeirense, 28/1, Ann48 funckii, 142/24 roseum, 144/2 norvegicum, 28/2 funkii, 142/24 rubens, 142/46 geheebii, Ann274 ruderale, 142/47 acutiforme, 142/10 gemmiferum, 142/25 rufifolium, 142/12 aeneum, 142/41, Ann293 gemmilucens, 142/26 rutilans, 142/41 affine, 142/15 gemmiparum, 142/27, Ann275 salinum, 142/48, Ann296 algovicum, 142/1, Ann276 gerwigii, Ann275 sauteri, 142/49 alpinum, 142/2, Ann274, Ann291 globosum, 142/60 savicziae, Ann271, Ann272 amblyodon, 142/4 icodense, 142/53 schleicheri, 142/50, Ann297 apiculatum, 142/3, Ann277 imbricatum, 142/4 splachnoides, 142/14, Ann269 archangelicum, 142/4, Ann296 inclinatum, 142/4 stenotrichum, 142/4 arcticum, 142/5 intermedium, 142/28, Ann274 stirtonii, 142/23 argenteum, 142/6, Ann279, Ann280 julaceum, 140/2 subapiculatum, 142/51 axel-blyttii, 142/10 juliforme, 140/2 subelegans, 142/37, 142/41 alopecura, 131/1 Breidleria, 228 pratensis, 228/1 Breutelia, 136 Brotherella, 258 lorentziana, 258/1 Bruchia, 52 Bryhnia, 217 Bryobrittonia, 16 longipes, 16/1 Bryoerythrophyllum, 100 Bryohaplocladium Bryoxiphium, 28 Bryum, 142 255 MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA subneodamense, 142/39 erosum, 76/1 syriacum, 142/54 sommieri, 76/1 tenuisetum, 142/52 teres, Ann274 torquescens, 142/53, Ann298 tortifolium, 142/17 turbinatum, 142/54 Calyptrochaeta, 162 apiculata, 162/1 Camptothecium lutescens, 224/2 Campyliadelphus, 173 subulatus, 72/16 Campylostelium, 35 pitardii, 35/1, Ann83 saxicola, 35/2 strictum, 35/3 Catoscopium, 133 nigritum, 133/1 uliginosum, 142/55, Ann271, Ann272 chrysophyllus, 173/1 umbratum, Ann272 elodes, 173/2 antarcticus, Ann111 validicostatum, 142/12 polygamus, 177/4 conicus, 42/1 valparaisense, 142/56, Ann299 stellatus, 174/4 corsicus, 42/2 ventricosum, 142/43 Campylidium vermigerum, Ann273 calcareum, 231/1 veronense, 142/6, Ann279 sommerfeltii, 231/3 versicolor, 142/19 Campylium, 174 violaceum, 142/57 arcticum, 177/2 warneum, 142/58 calcareum, 231/1 Ceratodon, 42 heterophyllus, Ann111 purpureus, 42/2, Ann111, Ann112 stenocarpus, 42/2 Cheilothela, 43 chloropus, 43/1 Chenia weigelii, 142/59 chrysophyllum, 173/1 wrightii, 142/60 elodes, 173/2 zemliae, Ann272 halleri, 231/2 zieri, 143/2, Ann300 hispidulum, 231/3 arcticum, 151/1 laxifolium, 174/1, Ann328 latifolium, 151/2 longicuspis, 174/2 stygium, 151/3 Buckiella undulata, 254/13 Bucklandiella polygamum, 177/4 leptophylla, 108/1 rhizophylla, 108/1 Cinclidium, 151 subrotundum, 151/4 affinis, 33/10 protensum, 174/3 elliptica, 33/11 radicale, 171/2 aquaticus, 101/1 heterosticha, 33/12 sommerfeltii, 231/3 bistratosus, Ann169 himalayana, 33/13 stellatum, 174/4 confertus, 101/2, Ann170 lamprocarpa, 33/14 Campylophyllum, 231 Cinclidotus, 101 danubicus, 101/3 lusitanica, 33/15 calcareum, 231/1 fontinaloides, 101/4 macounii, 33/16 halleri, 231/2 mucronatus, 103/2 microcarpa, 33/17 hispidulum, 231/3, Ann388 nyholmiae, Ann169 obtusa, 33/18 sommerfeltii, 231/3 pachylomoides, 101/5 sudetica, 33/19 Campylopus, 72 riparius, 101/6, Ann170 Buxbaumia, 13 atrovirens, 72/1 aphylla, 13/1 brevipilus, 72/2 viridis, 13/2 carreiroanus, 72/15 cirrosum, 220/4 cygneus, 72/3 crassinervium, 214/1 eximius, 72/8, Ann135 germanicum, 213/8 flaccidus, 72/4 piliferum, 214/2 flexuosus, 72/5 reichenbachianum, 219/1 fragilis, 72/6 tenuicaule, 213/8 cordifolium, 186/1 gracilis, 72/7 tenuinerve, 220/15 giganteum, 186/2 incrassatus, 72/8, Ann135 tommasinii, 220/15 megalophyllum, 186/3 introflexus, 72/9 obtusifolium, 186/4 madeirensis, 46/8 orbiculare-cordatum, Ann337 marginatulus, 46/8 richardsonii, 186/4, Ann337, Ann338 mildei, 72/10 sarmentosum, 191/5 oerstedianus, 72/10 stramineum, 190/1 pilifer, 72/11 trifarium, 183/4 pyriformis, 72/12 Calliergonella, 230 schimperi, 72/13 Callialaria curvicaulis, 176/1 Callicladium, 229 haldanianum, 229/1 Calliergon, 186 cuspidata, 230/1 schwarzii, 72/7 lindbergii, 230/2 setaceus, 72/3 Calomnion, 159 complanatum, 159/1, Ann319 Calymperes, 76 vivesii, 101/7, Ann171 Cirriphyllum, 214 velutinoides, 219/1 Claopodium, 278 whippleanum, 278/1 Clasmatodon parvulus, Ann361 Cleistocarpidium, 44 palustre, 44/1 Climacium, 170 dendroides, 170/1 Cnestrum, 56 setifolius, 72/14 alpestre, 56/1 shawii, 72/15 glaucescens, 56/2 subporodictyon, 73/3 schisti, 56/3 256 M. O. HILL ET AL. Codonoblepharon forsteri, 130/3 Codriophorus minutulum, 201/2 montei, 202/1, Ann350 Cyrtomnium, 152 acicularis, 33/6 hymenophylloides, 152/1 aquaticus, 33/7 hymenophyllum, 152/2 fascicularis, 33/8 hespericus, 33/9 Conardia, 175 compacta, 175/1 Conostomum, 137 tetragonum, 137/1 Coscinodon, 29 Daltonia, 163 Dicranoweisia, 59, Ann122 cirrata, 59/1 compacta, 59/2 crispula, 59/3 Dicranum, 69 acutifolium, 69/8 splachnoides, 163/1, Ann322 affine, 69/13 stenophylla, 163/2, Ann322 angustum, 69/16, Ann132 Dendrocryphaea, 265 lamyana, 265/1 Desmatodon, 117 bergeri, 69/13, Ann131 bonjeanii, 69/1 brevifolium, 69/9 bogosicus, 117/4 canariense, 69/23, Ann134 cribrosus, 29/1 cernuus, 117/8 congestum, 69/14 humilis, 29/2, Ann49 guepinii, 117/11 crassifolium, 69/2, Ann128 heimii, 105/1 dispersum, 69/10, Ann130 latifolius, 117/12 drummondii, 69/11 laureri, 117/16 elatum, 69/11 commutatum, 182/1 leucostoma, 117/17 elongatum, 69/19, Ann133 curvicaule, 176/1 meridionalis, 117/19, Ann223 flagellare, 69/27 decipiens, 182/2 oxneri, 117/25 flexicaule, 69/14 falcatum, 182/3 randii, 117/25 fragilifolium, 69/20 filicinum, 176/2 systylius, 117/31 fulvum, 69/24 ucrainicus, 117/33 fuscescens, 69/15, Ann133 wilczekii, 117/27, Ann225 groenlandicum, 69/21 Crassiphyllum fernandesii, 271/4 Cratoneuron, 176 Crossidium, 102 aberrans, 102/1 crassinerve, 102/2 Dialytrichia, 103 laevidens, 69/22, Ann132 davidai, 102/3, Ann172 fragilifolia, 103/1, Ann176 leioneuron, 69/3 geheebii, 102/4, Ann173 mucronata, 103/2 majus, 69/4 laevipilum, 102/5, Ann174 Dichelyma, 168 montanum, 69/28 laxefilamentosum, 102/6, Ann175 capillaceum, 168/1 muehlenbeckii, 69/17 seriatum, Ann221 falcatum, 168/2 neglectum, 69/18 squamiferum, 102/7 Crumia latifolia, Ann140 Cryphaea, 264 heteromalla, 264/1 Dichodontium, 58 palustre, 69/1 flavescens, 58/1 polysetum, 69/5, Ann106 palustre, 58/2, Ann121 robustum, 69/11 pellucidum, 58/3 rugosum, 69/5 Dicranella, 68 scoparium, 69/6 campylophylla, 68/1, Ann126 scottianum, 69/25, Ann79, Ann134 cerviculata, 68/2 sendtneri, 69/19, Ann133 crispa, 68/3 spadiceum, 69/18 curvata, 68/11 spurium, 69/12 molluscum, 232/1, Ann389 grevilleana, 68/4 strictum, 69/29 procerrimum, 235/12 heteromalla, 68/5 subporodictyon, 73/3 howei, 68/6 tauricum, 69/29 humilis, 68/7 transsylvanicum, 69/7, Ann129 palustris, 58/2 undulatum, 69/13, 69/1, 69/5, Ann131 lamyana, 265/1, Ann413 Cryptoleptodon, 273 longisetus, 273/1, Ann425 Ctenidium, 232 Cyclodictyon, 167 laetevirens, 167/1, Ann323 Cynodontium, 57 alpestre, 56/1 riparia, 61/4 asperifolium, 57/1, Ann119 rufescens, 68/8 bruntonii, 57/2 schreberiana, 68/9 aaronis, 104/3 fallax, 57/3, Ann119 secunda, 68/11 acutus, 104/1 gracilescens, 57/4 staphylina, 68/10 asperifolius, 104/2, Ann180 jenneri, 57/5 subulata, 68/11 australasiae, 104/3, Ann181 polycarpon, 57/6, Ann120 varia, 68/12 barbuloides, 104/22 strumiferum, 57/7 Dicranodontium, 73 viride, 69/26 Didymodon, 104 bistratosus, 104/4, Ann182 suecicum, 57/8 asperulum, 73/1 bosniacus, 104/25 tenellum, 57/9 circinatum, 73/4 brachyphyllus, 104/5, Ann183 torquescens, 57/9 denudatum, 73/2 cordatus, 104/6 subporodictyon, 73/3, Ann136 erosus, 104/7, Ann184 uncinatum, 73/4 fallax, 104/8, Ann180 Cyrto-hypnum atlanticum, 201/1 257 MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA ferrugineus, 104/9 vaginans, 46/5 ciliata, 17/14, Ann28 giganteus, 104/10, Ann180 zonatum, 46/11 commutata, Ann29 glaucus, 104/11 icmadophilus, 104/12 incrassatus, 104/3 Drepanium recurvatum, 235/13 Drepanocladus, 177 intermedia, 17/5, Ann29 longicolla, 17/10 longipes, 16/1 insulanus, 104/13, Ann185 aduncus, 177/1 macounii, 17/11 johansenii, 104/14 arcticus, 177/2 microstoma, 17/15 lamyanus, 104/15, Ann185 badius, 188/1 mutica, 17/4 luridus, 104/16 brevifolius, 183/2 obovatifolia, 17/6, Ann30 mamillosus, 104/19, Ann186 capillifolius, 177/3 procera, 17/1 maximus, 104/17, Ann180 cossonii, 189/1 rhaptocarpa, 17/7, Ann31 nicholsonii, 104/18, Ann185 exannulatus, 191/1 serbica, Ann28 reedii, Ann178 fluitans, 191/2 spathulata, 17/8 rigidulus, 104/19, Ann186 h-schulzei, 191/2 streptocarpa, 17/2 rufus, 104/2 intermedius, 189/1 trachymitria, 17/7, Ann31 sicculus, 104/20, Ann187 lapponicus, 187/1 sinuosus, 104/21 longifolius, 177/3 soaresii, Ann179 lycopodioides, 183/3 challengeri, 257/1, Ann409 spadiceus, 104/22, Ann180 polycarpos, 177/1 cladorrhizans, 257/2 subandreaeoides, 104/23, Ann188 polygamus, 177/4 compressus, 257/1, Ann409 tectorum, Ann178 procerus, 191/3 concinnus, 257/3 tomaculosus, 104/24 pseudostramineus, 191/4 tophaceus, 104/25, Ann180 revolvens, 189/2 trifarius, 104/16 sendtneri, 177/5 attenuatus, 18/1 trivialis, 104/26 simplicissimus, 177/1 convexus, 18/6 umbrosus, 104/26, Ann189 sordidus, 177/6 curvisetus, 20/1 vinealis, 104/27, Ann185 stagnatus, 177/1 durieui, 18/2, Ann37 zetterstedtii, 104/22 tenuinervis, 177/6 ericetorum, 18/5 trichophyllus, 191/6 fascicularis, 18/10, Ann35 tundrae, 191/7 handelii, Ann42 uncinatus, 184/3 hungaricus, 18/3, Ann38 vernicosus, 187/2 krausei, 18/4, Ann39 Diobelonella palustris, 58/2 Diphyscium, 14 foliosum, 14/1 Discelium, 25 Dryptodon vulgaris, 17/9 Entodon, 257 schleicheri, 257/4 Entosthodon, 18 maroccanus, 18/3 anomalus, 30/3 mouretii, 18/11, Ann41 contortus, 30/18 muhlenbergii, 18/7 capillaceum, 45/1 decipiens, 30/10 mustaphae, 18/2 hagenii, 45/2 elongatus, 30/14 obtusus, 18/5 inclinatum, 45/3 funalis, 30/15 pallescens, 18/2 hartmanii, 30/17 physcomitroides, 18/2 incurvus, 30/13, Ann56 pulchellus, 18/8 muehlenbeckii, 30/24 schimperi, 18/9, Ann40 cornubicum, 46/1 orbicularis, 30/26 subpallescens, Ann34 crispatissimum, 46/3, Ann113 patens, 30/31 cylindricum, 51/1 pulvinatus, 30/30 difficile, Ann114 torquatus, 30/35 cohaerens, 81/1 flexicaule, 46/2 trichophyllus, 30/36 hibernicum, 81/2, Ann142 nudum, 25/1 Distichium, 45 Distichophyllum, 164 carinatum, 164/1 Ditrichum, 46 giganteum, 46/3 Echinodium, 272 templetonii, 18/1 Ephemerum, 81 minutissimum, 81/3, Ann143 gracile, 46/3, Ann113 madeirense, 272/4 recurvifolium, 81/4 heteromallum, 46/4 prolixum, 272/1 serratum, 81/5, Ann143 homomallum, 46/4 renauldii, 272/2 sessile, 81/6 lineare, 46/5 setigerum, 272/3, Ann424 spinulosum, 81/7, Ann144 pallidum, 46/6 spinosum, 272/4 plumbicola, 46/7 Encalypta, 17 punctulatum, 46/8, Ann114 affinis, 17/11, Ann33 pusillum, 46/9 alpina, 17/3 subulatum, 46/10 brevicolla, 17/12 tortile, 46/9 brevipes, 17/13 stellatum, 81/8 Epipterygium, 145 tozeri, 145/1 Eriopus apiculatus, 162/1 Eucladium, 82 258 M. O. HILL ET AL. verticillatum, 82/1, Ann145 Eurhynchiastrum, 222 pulchellum, 222/1 Eurhynchium, 208 nobreganus, 41/24, Ann100 osmundoides, 41/6 ovatifolius, 41/25, Ann101 pallidicaulis, 41/9 curviseta, 20/1 Geheebia gigantea, 104/10 Gigaspermum, 26 angustirete, 208/1 papillosus, 41/34, Ann110 mouretii, 26/1 crassinervium, 214/1 perssonii, 41/25, Ann101 Glyphomitrium, 60 flotowianum, 219/1 polyphyllus, 41/7, Ann90 hians, 215/1 pusillus, 41/26, Ann102, Ann103 meridionale, 207/1 rivularis, 41/27 acuminatum, Ann44 praelongum, 216/1 rufulus, 41/28, Ann98 seroi, 21/1, Ann44 pulchellum, 222/1 serratus, 41/34, Ann110 pumilum, 215/2 serrulatus, 41/8, Ann91 schleicheri, 215/3 sublimbatus, 41/29, Ann104 speciosum, 215/4 sublineaefolius, 41/30, Ann100 affinis, 30/21 stokesii, 216/1 taxifolius, 41/9 alpestris, 30/1, Ann50, Ann63 striatulum, 207/2 viridulus, 41/31, Ann92, Ann94, Ann103, Ann105, Ann107, Ann108, Ann109 anodon, 30/2 striatum, 208/2 Fabronia, 226 Fontinalis, 169 daviesii, 60/1 Goniomitrium, 21 Gradsteinia torrenticola, 209/5, Ann356 Grimmia, 30 anomala, 30/3 apiculata, 30/16 ciliaris, 226/1 antipyretica, 169/1, Ann324, Ann325 arenaria, 30/4, Ann52 pusilla, 226/2 bryhnii, 169/1, Ann325 atrata, 30/5 dalecarlica, 169/2 austrofunalis, 30/36, Ann65 adianthoides, 41/1 dichelymoides, 169/3, Ann326 britannica, 30/36, Ann66 algarvicus, 41/18 hypnoides, 169/4 caespiticia, 30/6 arcticus, 41/12, Ann93 kindbergii, 169/1 capillata, 30/7, Ann53 arnoldii, 41/13, Ann99 squamosa, 169/5, Ann324 crassifolia, 30/34, Ann64 Fissidens, 41 asplenioides, 41/10 azoricus, 41/2 bambergeri, 41/31, Ann108 Forsstroemia canariensis, 275/1 Funaria, 19 crinita, 30/8, Ann53 curvata, 30/31 curviseta, 30/9, Ann54 bryoides, 41/14, Ann94, Ann95, Ann97, Ann102, Ann103, Ann105, Ann107 6hybrida, Ann35 decipiens, 30/10 aequidens, 19/1 dissimulata, 30/11, Ann55 celticus, 41/32 algieriensis, 18/9 donniana, 30/12, Ann52, Ann68 coacervatus, 41/15 anomala, Ann42 elatior, 30/13, Ann56 crassipes, 41/16 arctica, 19/2 elongata, 30/14 crispus, 41/17, Ann96, Ann108 attenuata, 18/1 funalis, 30/15, Ann57 cristatus, 41/3 calcarea, 18/7 fuscolutea, 30/16 curnovii, 41/14, Ann94 convexa, 18/6 grisea, 30/32, Ann62 curvatus, 41/18 curviseta, 20/1 hartmanii, 30/17 decipiens, 41/3 dentata, 18/7 holleri, 30/16 dubius, 41/3, Ann88 durieui, 18/9, Ann40 incurva, 30/18 exiguus, 41/26, 41/31, Ann92, Ann94, Ann103 fascicularis, 18/10 laevigata, 30/19 exilis, 41/33 fritzei, Ann39 limprichtii, 30/2, Ann51 fontanus, 41/11 handelii, Ann42 lisae, 30/20, Ann58 gracilifolius, 41/19 hibernica, 18/7 longirostris, 30/21 grandifrons, 41/4 hungarica, 18/3 maritima, Ann79 gymnandrus, 41/20, Ann97 hygrometrica, 19/3, Ann35 meridionalis, 30/36, Ann67 haraldii, 41/31 krausei, 18/4 meteorae, 30/25 herzogii, 41/17 maireana, Ann42 mollis, 30/22 incurvus, 41/31, Ann94 mediterranea, 18/7 montana, 30/23 jansenii, 41/21, Ann98 microstoma, 19/4 muehlenbeckii, 30/24, Ann59 kosaninii, Ann92, Ann94 mouretii, 18/11 nutans, 30/25 limbatus, 41/17, Ann96, Ann108 muhlenbergii, 18/7 orbicularis, 30/26 luisieri, 41/5, Ann89 obtusa, 18/5 ovalis, 30/27 marginatulus, 41/31, Ann109 pallescens, 18/2 pilosissima, 30/23 microstictus, 41/22, Ann99 pulchella, 18/8 pitardii, 35/1 minutulus, 41/17, Ann96 pustulosa, 18/6 plagiopodia, 30/28 monguillonii, 41/23 subpallescens, Ann34 poecilostoma, 30/29, Ann59, Ann64 mouretii, 41/16 Funariella, 20 pulvinata, 30/30, Ann60 259 MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA pyrenaica, 30/6 ramondii, 30/31 reflexidens, 30/32, Ann61, Ann62, Ann63 Helodium, 200 blandowii, 200/1 Hennediella, 105 micans, 262/1 molle, 179/7 montanum, 179/8 retracta, 30/20, Ann58 antarctica, Ann190 norvegicum, 179/9 robusta, Ann66 heimii, 105/1 ochraceum, 179/10 sessitana, 30/32 macrophylla, 105/2, Ann190 polare, 179/11 subsulcata, 30/32, Ann63 stanfordensis, 105/3 mithii, 179/12, Ann331 sudetica, 30/12 Herzogiella, 250 teretinervis, 30/33 adscendens, Ann400 tergestina, 30/34, Ann51, Ann59, Ann64 seligeri, 250/1 torquata, 30/35 striatella, 250/2 trichophylla, 30/36, Ann59, Ann66, Ann67 turfacea, 250/3 triformis, 30/37, Ann68 Heterocladium, 241 styriacum, 179/13 subeugyrium, 179/14 Hylocomiastrum, 244 pyrenaicum, 244/1 umbratum, 244/2 Hylocomium, 245 ungeri, 30/38, Ann69 dimorphum, 241/1 alaskanum, Ann399 unicolor, 30/39 flaccidum, 241/2, Ann396 brevirostre, 246/1 heteropterum, 241/3, Ann396 pyrenaicum, 244/1 wulfsbergii, 241/4, Ann397 splendens, 245/1, Ann399 Guembelia laevigata, 30/19 longirostris, 30/21 ovalis, 30/27 tergestina, 30/34 Gymnostomum, 83 aeruginosum, 83/1, Ann147 Heterophyllium, 259 affine, 259/1 Hilpertia, 106 velenovskyi, 106/1 Homalia, 269 boreale, 83/2 besseri, 270/1 calcareum, 83/3 complanata, 270/3 lanceolatum, 83/4, Ann146 lusitanica, 269/1 mosis, Ann146 subrecta, 269/1 recurvirostrum, 85/1 trichomanoides, 269/2, Ann417 viridulum, 83/5 webbiana, 269/3 Gyroweisia, 84 reflexa, 84/1 Homalothecium, 224 ureum, 224/1 umbratum, 244/2 Hymenoloma compactum, 59/2 crispulum, 59/3 Hymenostomum microstomum, 96/1 squarrosum, 96/10 Hymenostylium, 85 insigne, 85/1 recurvirostrum, 85/1, Ann148 Hyocomium, 234 armoricum, 234/1 Hyophila, 86 tenuis, 84/2 geheebii, 220/7 involuta, 86/1 Habrodon, 240 lutescens, 224/2 lusitanica, 100/3 leucotrichus, Ann398 philippeanum, 224/3 machadoana, 100/3 perpusillus, 240/1 sericeum, 224/4 Hageniella, 262 micans, 262/1, Ann411 pacifica, Ann411 Hamatocaulis, 187 Homomallium, 233 incurvatum, 233/1 Hookeria, 165 lucens, 165/1 lapponicus, 187/1 Hydrogrimmia vernicosus, 187/2 mollis, 30/22 Haplocladium, 192 Hygroamblystegium, 178 treleasei, 95/2, Ann159 Hypnum, 235 aemulans, Ann392 andoi, 235/1 bambergeri, 235/2 callichroum, 235/3 cupressiforme, 235/4, Ann390, Ann391 dolomiticum, 235/14 angustifolium, 192/1 fluviatile, 178/1 fertile, 235/5 microphyllum, 192/2 humile, 178/2 hamulosum, 235/6, Ann392 virginianum, 192/3 tenax, 178/3 heseleri, 235/4, Ann391 varium, 178/4, Ann329, Ann330 holmenii, 235/7, Ann393 Haplodontium notarisii, 141/2 Hygrohypnella imponens, 235/8 Haplohymenium duriuscula, 179/4 jutlandicum, 235/9 triste, 277/5 ochracea, 179/10 lacunosum, 235/4, Ann390 polaris, 179/11 lindbergii, 230/2, Ann386 Hedwigia, 132 ciliata, 132/1, Ann253, Ann254 Hygrohypnum, 179 mammillatum, 235/1 integrifolia, 132/2 alpestre, 179/1 pallescens, 235/10 stellata, 132/3, Ann253, Ann255 alpinum, 179/2 plicatulum, 235/11 cochlearifolium, 179/3 pratense, 228/1, Ann386 dilatatum, 179/4 procerrimum, 235/12 duriusculum, 179/4 recurvatum, 235/13 Hedwigidium integrifolium, 132/2 Helicodontium, 212 capillare, 212/1, Ann363 eugyrium, 179/5 resupinatum, 235/4 italicum, 212/1, Ann363 luridum, 179/6, Ann332 revolutum, 235/14 260 M. O. HILL ET AL. sauteri, 235/15 subimponens, 235/16, Ann394 thedenii, Ann378 uncinulatum, 235/17 vaucheri, 235/18 Hypopterygium, 160 riparium, 180/1 Leptodon, 274 longisetus, 273/1, Ann425 smithii, 274/1 Leptodontium, 107 Metzlerella alpina, 71/1 Metzleria alpina, 71/1 Microbryum, 109 flexifolium, 107/1 curvicollum, 109/1, Ann192 muelleri, 160/1, Ann320 gemmascens, 107/2 davallianum, 109/2, Ann193 tamarisci, 160/1, Ann320 styriacum, 107/3 floerkeanum, 109/3 Imbribryum, 142 alpinum, 142/2 muehlenbeckii, 142/38 Indusiella, 31 thianschanica, 31/1, Ann70 Leptophascum, 108 leptophyllum, 108/1 Leptotheca, 158 gaudichaudii, 158/1, Ann318 Lescuraea, 193 fosbergii, 109/4, Ann194 longipes, 109/5 piptocarpum, 109/1 rectum, 109/6 starckeanum, 109/7, Ann193, Ann195 Isopterygiopsis, 251 incurvata, 196/2 alpicola, 251/1 mutabilis, 193/1 muelleriana, 251/2 patens, 196/3 laevigatus, 75/1 pulchella, 251/3 plicata, 198/1 Micromitrium, 88 Isopterygium, 260 radicosa, 196/4 alpicola, 251/1 saviana, 196/5 bottinii, 260/1, Ann410 saxicola, 193/2 elegans, 256/1 secunda, 193/3, Ann341 muellerianum, 251/2 pulchellum, 251/3 tenerum, 260/1, Ann410 Isothecium, 275 algarvicum, 275/1, Ann426 alopecuroides, 275/2 Leskea, 194 polycarpa, 194/1 Leskeella vlassovii, 111/2 Microcampylopus, 75 tenerum, 88/1 Microthuidium minutulum, 201/2 Mielichhoferia, 146 caucasia, 142/13 elongata, 146/1, Ann303 himalayana, 142/13 incrassata, 197/2, Ann346 mielichhoferi, 146/2 nervosa, 197/2 mielichhoferiana, 146/2, Ann303 Leucobryum, 74 paradoxa, 141/3, Ann269 atlanticum, 275/1 albidum, 74/1, 74/3, Ann137 canariense, 275/1 glaucum, 74/2 delicatulum, 147/26 circinans, 275/2 juniperoideum, 74/3, Ann137 pulchellum, 147/19 holtii, 275/3, Ann427 minus, 74/3 myosuroides, 275/4, Ann427 Leucodon, 267 Mniobryum wahlenbergii, 147/28 Mnium, 149 myurum, 275/2 canariensis, 267/1, Ann416 ambiguum, 149/5, Ann313 striatulum, 207/2 flagellaris, 267/2, Ann414 blyttii, 149/7 viviparum, 275/2 immersus, 267/3 heterophyllum, 149/8 pendulus, 267/4, Ann415 hornum, 149/1 sciuroides, 267/5 lycopodioides, 149/5, Ann313 treleasei, 267/6, Ann416 marginatum, 149/6 Iwatsukiella, 242 leucotricha, 242/1, Ann398 Jaffueliobryum, 32 latifolium, 32/1, Ann72 Kiaeria, 61 blyttii, 61/1 Limneria viridula, 104/22 Limprichtia falcata, 61/2 cossonii, 189/1 glacialis, 61/3 intermedia, 189/1 riparia, 61/4 starkei, 61/5 Kindbergia, 216 praelonga, 216/1 Lepidopilum revolvens, 189/2 Lindbergia, 195 brachyptera, 195/1, Ann342 Loeskeobryum, 246 brevirostre, 246/1 virens, 166/2 Loeskypnum, 188 Leptobarbula, 87 badium, 188/1 berica, 87/1 Leptobryum, 125 Meesia, 126 hexasticha, 126/1 spinosum, 149/2 spinulosum, 149/3 stellare, 149/9 thomsonii, 149/4 Molendoa, 89 hornschuchiana, 89/1 schliephackei, 89/2 sendtneriana, 89/3, Ann141 taeniatifolia, 89/4 tenuinervis, 89/5 warburgii, 89/6 Myrinia, 225 pulvinata, 225/1 Myurella, 252 pyriforme, 125/1 longiseta, 126/2 julacea, 252/1, Ann401 Leptodictyum, 180 triquetra, 126/3 sibirica, 252/2 humile, 178/2 uliginosa, 126/4 kochii, 178/2 kurdicum, Ann333 Metaneckera menziesii, 270/6 tenerrima, 252/3 Myurium, 276 hebridarum, 276/1 261 MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA hochstetteri, 276/1 Myuroclada, 218 Orthodicranum patens, 128/15 flagellare, 69/27 pellucidum, 128/3 fulvum, 69/24 philibertii, 128/16 montanum, 69/28 pulchellum, 128/17 besseri, 270/1 scottianum, 69/25 pumilum, 128/18, Ann106 cephalonica, 270/2 tauricum, 69/29 pylaisii, 128/38 complanata, 270/3 Orthodontium, 157 rivulare, 128/19 maximowiczii, 218/1, Ann371 Neckera, 270 crispa, 270/4 australe, 157/2, Ann317 rogeri, 128/20, Ann238 elegans, 270/5 gracile, 157/1 rupestre, 128/32 fontinaloides, 270/9 lineare, 157/2, Ann317 scanicum, 128/21 intermedia, 270/5 pellucens, 157/3 schimperi, 128/22, Ann237 laeviuscula, 270/5 Orthogrimmia shawii, 128/33, Ann242 longipedunculata, 273/1 alpestris, 30/1 sordidum, 128/39 menziesii, 270/6 arenaria, 30/4 speciosum, 128/40, Ann245, Ann246 oligocarpa, 270/7 caespiticia, 30/6 sprucei, 128/23 pennata, 270/8 donniana, 30/12 stellatum, 128/24 philippeana, 270/9 montana, 30/23 stramineum, 128/25 pseudopennata, 270/4 sessitana, 30/32 striatum, 128/41 pumila, 270/9 triformis, 30/37 tenellum, 128/26 subrecta, 269/1 webbiana, 269/3 Niphotrichum Orthotheciella varia, 178/4 Orthothecium, 253 tortidontium, 128/42, Ann247 urnaceum, Ann229 urnigerum, 128/4 canescens, 33/2 chryseon, 253/1, Ann402 elongatum, 33/3 intricatum, 253/2 ericoides, 33/4 lapponicum, 253/3 panschii, 33/5 rufescens, 253/4 hians, 215/1 strictum, 253/5 praelongum, 216/1 Nobregaea, 211 latinervis, 211/1, Ann362 Orthotrichum, 128 vittii, 128/27, Ann240 vladikavkanum, 128/43, Ann248 Oxyrrhynchium, 215 pumilum, 215/2 acuminatum, 128/34 schleicheri, 215/3 alpestris, 179/1 affine, 128/35 speciosum, 215/4 cochlearifolia, 179/3 alpestre, 128/5 montana, 179/8 anomalum, 128/1 Ochyraea, 181 norvegica, 179/9 arcangelianum, 128/31, Ann241 smithii, 179/12 australe, 128/26, Ann239 tatrensis, 181/1, Ann331 callistomum, 128/28 Octoblepharum albidum, Ann138 Octodiceras fontanum, 41/11 Oedipodiella, 27 australis, 27/1, Ann47 Oedipodium, 3 griffithianum, 3/1 Oligotrichum, 6 hercynicum, 6/1 Oncophorus, 62 casasianum, 128/6, Ann231 caucasicum, 128/39, Ann244 consimile, 128/7 crenulatum, 128/8, Ann232 swartzii, 215/1 Oxystegus, 90 hibernicus, 90/1 tenuirostris, 90/2 Palamocladium, 206 euchloron, 206/1 Paludella, 127 squarrosa, 127/1 Palustriella, 182 cupulatum, 128/2 commutata, 182/1 diaphanum, 128/9 decipiens, 182/2 elegans, 128/40, Ann245 falcata, 182/3, Ann334 fastigiatum, 128/35 flowersii, Ann232 gymnostomum, 128/29 handiense, 128/10, Ann233 pluristratosa, 182/4, Ann334 Paraleptodontium, 110 recurvifolium, 110/1 Paraleucobryum, 70 compactus, 62/3 hispanicum, 128/11, Ann234 enerve, 70/1 elongatus, 62/1, Ann123 ibericum, 128/36, Ann243 longifolium, 70/2 riparius, 61/4 laevigatum, 128/31 virens, 62/2 lewinskyae, 128/21, Ann236 wahlenbergii, 62/3 limprichtii, 128/2, Ann230 atlanticum, 201/1, Ann349 lyellii, 128/37 minutulum, 201/2 Oreas, 63 martiana, 63/1 Oreoweisia, 64 macrocephalum, 128/12, Ann235 microcarpum, 128/13 sauteri, 70/3 Pelekium, 201 muricatulum, Ann349 Phascum, 111 bruntonii, 57/2 obtusifolium, 128/30 curvicollum, 109/1 serrulata, 64/1 pallens, 128/14 cuspidatum, 111/1 torquescens, 64/1 paradoxum, 128/14 cuynetii, 80/2 262 M. O. HILL ET AL. floerkeanum, 109/3 nemorale, 254/8, Ann406 cruda, 147/2 leptophyllum, 108/1 noricum, 254/7, Ann405 crudoides, 147/3, Ann305 longipes, 109/5 piliferum, 254/9 cruegeri, 142/3 piptocarpum, 109/1, Ann192 platyphyllum, 254/10, Ann406 defecta, 147/16 vlassovii, 111/2 roeseanum, 254/2 drummondii, 147/15 ruthei, 254/4, Ann404 elongata, 147/4, Ann307, Ann309 arnellii, 138/3 succulentum, 254/11, Ann406 erecta, 147/16 caespitosa, 138/7 svalbardense, 254/12, Ann407 filum, 147/17 calcarea, 138/8 undulatum, 254/13 flexuosa, 147/18, Ann305, Ann310, Ann311 capillaris, 138/3 Plasteurhynchium, 207 grandiflora, 147/12 cernua, 138/1 meridionale, 207/1 lescuriana, 147/19 fontana, 138/9 striatulum, 207/2 longicolla, 147/5 Philonotis, 138 hastata, 138/4 Platydictya, 255 ludwigii, 147/20 laxa, Ann262 confervoides, 171/1 lutescens, 147/21 marchica, 138/5, Ann262 jungermannioides, 255/1 marchica, Ann308 rigida, 138/2 subtilis, 171/4 melanodon, 147/26 seriata, 138/10 tomentella, 138/11 uncinata, 138/6, Ann263 Physcomitrella, 22 Platygyrium, 261 repens, 261/1 Platyhypnidium, 209 muyldermansii, 147/18, Ann311 nutans, 147/6, Ann308 obtusifolia, 147/7 alopecuroides, 209/2 polymorpha, Ann288 6hampei, Ann35 grolleanum, 209/1, Ann354 proligera, 147/22 patens, 22/1, Ann35 lusitanicum, 209/2 ramannii, Ann304 mutatum, 209/3, Ann355 saprophila, 147/8, Ann309 acuminatum, 23/2 riparioides, 209/4, Ann355 schimperi, 147/6, Ann308 arenicola, 23/1 torrenticola, 209/5, Ann356 schleicheri, 147/17 Physcomitrium, 23 eurystomum, 23/2, Ann35, Ann45 Pleuridium, 47 scotica, 147/23 maroccanum, 18/3 acuminatum, 47/1 sphagnicola, 147/9 patens, 22/1 alternifolium, 47/2 tundrae, 147/24, Ann312 pyriforme, 23/3 nitidum, 48/1 turonensis, Ann308 sphaericum, 23/4 palustre, 44/1 vexans, 147/27 Pictus scoticus, 179/6, Ann332 Plagiobryum, 143 serrulatum, Ann115 subulatum, 47/2 Pleurochaete, 91 wahlenbergii, 147/28 Polytrichastrum, 8 alpinum, 8/1, Ann23 demissum, 143/1 malacophylla, Ann149 formosum, 8/2 zieri, 143/2 squarrosa, 91/1 longisetum, 8/3 Plagiomnium, 154 affine, 154/3 confertidens, 154/8 Pleurozium, 247 schreberi, 247/1 Pogonatum, 7 norwegicum, 8/1 pallidisetum, 8/4 sexangulare, 8/5, Ann24 curvatulum, 154/4, Ann315 aloides, 7/1, Ann20 cuspidatum, 154/1 alpinum, 8/1 Polytrichum, 9 drummondii, 154/2 capillare, 7/2 affine, 9/6 elatum, 154/5 dentatum, 7/2, Ann23 alpestre, 9/6 ellipticum, 154/6 inflexum, Ann19 alpinum, 8/1 medium, 154/7, Ann315 nanum, 7/3, Ann20 commune, 9/1, Ann25 rostratum, 154/10 neesii, 7/4, Ann19, Ann21 formosum, 8/2 undulatum, 154/9, Ann316 urnigerum, 7/5, Ann23 hyperboreum, 9/2 Plagiopus, 139 Pohlia, 147 sphaerothecium, 8/6, Ann24 jensenii, 9/3 oederi, 139/1 acuminata, 147/4, Ann288 juniperinum, 9/4 oederianus, 139/1 ambigua, 147/4, Ann307 longisetum, 8/3 andalusica, 147/10 pallidisetum, 8/4 berggrenianum, 254/1 andrewsii, 147/11 perigoniale, 9/1 cavifolium, 254/2, Ann406 annotina, 147/12 piliferum, 9/5 curvifolium, 254/3, Ann403 apiculata, 142/3 sexangulare, 8/5 denticulatum, 254/4, Ann404 atropurpurea, 147/25 sphaerothecium, 8/6 laetum, 254/5, Ann403 bolanderi, 147/1, Ann306 strictum, 9/6 latebricola, 254/6 bulbifera, 147/13 swartzii, 9/7 neckeroideum, 254/7, Ann405 camptotrachela, 147/14 uliginosum, 9/8 Plagiothecium, 254 263 MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA Pottia, 117 6andalusica, 109/4, Ann194 bryoides, 112/1 caespitosa, 92/1 caucasica, Ann217 Pseudoleskeopsis artariae, 196/1 Pseudoscleropodium, 204 purum, 204/1 Pseudotaxiphyllum, 256 microcarpon, 33/17 obtusum, 33/18 panschii, 33/5 sudeticum, 33/19 Rhabdoweisia, 65 commutata, 109/2 elegans, 256/1 crenulata, 65/1 conica, 109/2 laetevirens, 256/2, Ann408 crispata, 65/2, Ann124 crinita, 117/35 Psilopilum, 10 denticulata, 65/2 cuneifolia, 117/24, Ann224 cavifolium, 10/1 fugax, 65/3 davalliana, 109/2 laevigatum, 10/2 kusenevae, 65/2, Ann124 heimii, 105/1 Pterigynandrum, 243 intermedia, 117/20 filiforme, 243/1 lanceolata, 117/15 Pterogonium, 268 mutica, 109/7 pallida, 117/24, Ann224 gracile, 268/1 Pterygoneurum, 114 striata, 65/3 Rhamphidium, 49 purpuratum, 49/1, Ann116 Rhizomnium, 153 andrewsianum, 153/1 recta, 109/6 compactum, 114/1, Ann198 gracile, 153/2 starckeana, 109/7 crossidioides, 114/2, Ann199 magnifolium, 153/3 truncata, 117/32 kozlovii, 114/3 pseudopunctatum, 153/4 wilsonii, 117/36 lamellatum, 114/4 Pottiopsis, 92 caespitosa, 92/1, Ann158 Protobryum, 112 bryoides, 112/1 Pseudephemerum, 48 axillare, 48/1 nitidum, 48/1 Pseudobryum, 155 cinclidioides, 155/1 Pseudocalliergon, 183 ovatum, 114/5 punctatum, 153/5 Rhodobryum, 144 papillosum, 114/6, Ann200 ontariense, 144/1, Ann301 sampaianum, 114/7 roseum, 144/2 squamosum, 114/8, Ann201 subsessile, 114/9 Ptilium, 236 crista-castrensis, 236/1 Ptychodium, 198 plicatum, 198/1 Ptychomitrium, 36 spathulatum, 144/1, Ann301 Rhynchostegiella, 213 bourgaeana, 213/1, Ann364 compacta, 175/1 curviseta, 213/2 durieui, 213/3 jacquinii, 213/7, Ann367 angustifolium, 183/1, Ann335 incurvum, 36/1 letourneuxii, 213/2 brevifolium, 183/2, Ann336 nigrescens, 36/2 litorea, 213/4, Ann365 lycopodioides, 183/3 polyphyllum, 36/3 macilenta, 213/5, Ann366 trifarium, 183/4 turgescens, 183/5 Pseudocrossidium, 113 hornschuchianum, 113/1 Pylaisia, 237 pallidirostris, 215/2 polyantha, 237/1 pumila, 215/2 selwynii, 237/2 teesdalei, 213/7, Ann367 Pylaisiella tenella, 213/6, Ann364, Ann365 obtusulum, 113/2, Ann196 polyantha, 237/1 teneriffae, 213/7, Ann367 replicatum, 113/3, Ann197 selwynii, 237/2 tenuicaulis, 213/8, Ann368 revolutum, 113/4, Ann196 Pseudohygrohypnum eugyrium, 179/5 subeugyrium, 179/14 Pyramidula, 24 algeriensis, 24/1 tetragona, 24/1, Ann46 Racomitrium, 33 trichophylla, 213/9, Ann369 Rhynchostegium, 210 alopecuroides, 209/2 arcticum, 210/1, Ann357 aciculare, 33/6 confertum, 210/2, Ann358 artariae, 196/1 affine, 33/10 lusitanicum, 209/2 brachyclados, Ann344 aquaticum, 33/7 megapolitanum, 210/3, Ann359 incurvata, 196/2, Ann344 canescens, 33/2 murale, 210/4 patens, 196/3 ellipticum, 33/11 riparioides, 209/4 plicata, 198/1 elongatum, 33/3 rotundifolium, 210/5 radicosa, 196/4, Ann344 ericoides, 33/4 strongylense, 210/6 saviana, 196/5 fasciculare, 33/8 Pseudoleskea, 196 Pseudoleskeella, 197 hespericum, 33/9, Ann73 surrectum, 210/2, Ann358 Rhytidiadelphus, 248 catenulata, 197/1 heterostichum, 33/12 loreus, 248/1 nervosa, 197/2, Ann346 himalayanum, 33/13 squarrosus, 248/2 papillosa, 197/3 lamprocarpum, 33/14 subpinnatus, 248/3 rupestris, 197/4, Ann347 lanuginosum, 33/1 sibirica, 197/4, Ann347 lusitanicum, 33/15, Ann74 tectorum, 197/5, Ann361 macounii, 33/16 triquetrus, 248/4 Rhytidiastrum squarrosum, 248/2 264 M. O. HILL ET AL. subpinnatum, 248/3 strictum, 34/36 paucifolia, 39/9 subflaccidium, Ann75 polaris, 39/11 subjulaceum, 34/37 pusilla, 39/4 submuticum, 34/38 recurvata, 39/7 capillare, 142/12 tenerum, 34/39 subimmersa, 39/12 elegans, 142/23 trichodon, 34/40 transylvanica, 38/1, Ann84 laevifilum, 142/37 umbrosum, 34/41 trifaria, 39/18 torquescens, 142/53 venetum, 34/42 Rhytidium, 249 rugosum, 249/1 Rosulabryum Saelania, 50 glaucescens, 50/1 Sanionia, 184 georgicouncinata, 184/1 nivalis, 184/1 Schistostega, 66 pennata, 66/1 Schizymenium, 148 pontevedrense, 148/1 Sciuro-hypnum, 219 orthothecioides, 184/2 flotowianum, 219/1 uncinata, 184/3 glaciale, 219/2 Schistidium, 34 latifolium, 219/3 tristichoides, 39/19 Sematophyllum, 263 adnatum, 263/1, Ann412 bottinii, 260/1 demissum, 263/2 micans, 262/1 substrumulosum, 263/3 Serpoleskea confervoides, 171/1 subtilis, 171/4 agassizii, 34/1, Ann77 oedipodium, 219/4 alpicola, 34/25, Ann77 ornellanum, 219/5 andreaeopsis, Ann75 plumosum, 219/6 affine, 1/1 apocarpum, 34/2, Ann76 populeum, 219/7 andersonianum, 1/44, Ann14 atrofuscum, 34/3 reflexum, 219/8 angermanicum, 1/35 boreale, 34/4 starkei, 219/9 angustifolium, 1/9 brunnescens, 34/5 bryhnii, 34/6 confertum, 34/7 Scleromnium knyi, 272/1 Scleropodium, 221 Sphagnum, 1 annulatum, 1/10 aongstroemii, 1/34, Ann8 arcticum, 1/36 confusum, 34/8 apiculigerum, 219/5 auriculatum, 1/24, Ann5 crassipilum, 34/9 cespitans, 221/1, Ann382 austinii, 1/2 crenatum, 34/10 ornellanum, 219/5 balticum, 1/11 dupretii, 34/11 purum, 204/1 brevifolium, 1/13, Ann3 elegantulum, 34/12 touretii, 221/2, Ann32 capillifolium, 1/37, Ann10, Ann11 flaccidum, 34/13 Scopelophila, 78 centrale, 1/3 flexipile, 34/14 cataractae, 78/1 compactum, 1/7 frigidum, 34/15 ligulata, 78/2 contortum, 1/25 frisvollianum, 34/16 Scorpidium, 189 cuspidatum, 1/12, Ann2 grande, 34/17 cossonii, 189/1 denticulatum, 1/24, Ann5 grandirete, 34/18 revolvens, 189/2 fallax, 1/13, Ann3 helveticum, 34/19, Ann78 scorpioides, 189/3 fimbriatum, 1/38 holmenianum, 34/20 turgescens, 183/5 flexuosum, 1/14 lancifolium, 34/21 Scorpiurium, 205 fuscum, 1/39 marginale, Ann75 circinatum, 205/1 girgensohnii, 1/40 maritimum, 34/22 deflexifolium, 205/2 imbricatum, Ann1 occidentale, 34/23, Ann80 sendtneri, 205/3 inundatum, 1/26, Ann5 papillosum, 34/24 Seligeria, 39 isoviitae, 1/13, Ann3 platyphyllum, 34/25, Ann77 acutifolia, 39/1 jensenii, 1/15 poeltii, 34/26 alpestris, 39/17 lenense, 1/16, Ann4 pratense, Ann75 austriaca, 39/13 lindbergii, 1/17 pruinosum, 34/27 brevifolia, 39/2 magellanicum, 1/4 pulchrum, 34/28 calcarea, 39/8 majus, 1/18 recurvum, 34/29 calycina, 39/9 molle, 1/41 rivulare, 34/30 campylopoda, 39/5 nemoreum, 1/37 robustum, 34/31, Ann66 carniolica, 39/14 nitidulum, Ann9 scabrum, Ann75 diversifolia, 39/6 obtusum, 1/19 scandicum, 34/32 donniana, 39/10 olafii, 1/42, Ann12 sinensiapocarpum, 34/33, Ann81 galinae, 39/3, Ann86 orientale, Ann1 singarense, 34/19, Ann78 irrigata, 39/15, Ann87 palustre, 1/5 sordidum, 34/34 oelandica, 39/16 papillosum, 1/6 spinosum, 34/35, Ann82 patula, 39/17 perfoliatum, Ann1 265 MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA platyphyllum, 1/27 abranchesii, 116/3 pulchrum, 1/20 amplexa, 117/1 pylaesii, 1/28 bogotensis, 116/1, Ann203 quinquefarium, 1/43 bolanderi, 117/5 recurvum, Ann3 calcicola, 116/2, Ann204 riparium, 1/21 caninervis, 116/3, Ann205, Ann206, Ann207 alopecurum, 271/1, Ann421 rubellum, 1/44, Ann10, Ann14 densa, 116/2 angustifolium, 271/2 rubiginosum, 1/45, Ann13 echinata, 116/4 canariense, 275/1 russowii, 1/46 fragilis, 116/5 cataractarum, 271/3, Ann419 skyense, 1/47 glabra, 116/6, Ann208 cossyrense, 205/3 squarrosum, 1/30 handelii, 116/7 fernandesii, 271/4, Ann420 steerei, Ann1 inermis, 117/13 maderense, 271/5, Ann421 strictum, 1/8 intermedia, 116/11 mediterraneum, 271/1 subfulvum, 1/48 laevipila, 116/8, Ann209 neckeroides, 271/6, Ann422 subnitens, 1/49 latifolia, 116/9 subsecundum, 1/29 minor, 116/10, Ann210 subtile, Ann10 montana, 116/11 tenellum, 1/22 mutica, 116/5 tenerum, 1/37, Ann11 norvegica, 116/12 abietinum, 199/1 teres, 1/31 pagorum, 116/8, Ann209 angustifolium, 192/1 troendelagicum, 1/23 papillosa, 116/13 assimile, 203/1, Ann351 tundrae, 1/32, Ann6 papillosissima, 116/14 atlanticum, 201/1, Ann349 viride, 1/12, Ann2 princeps, 116/15, Ann213 blandowii, 200/1 warnstorfii, 1/50 pseudohandelii, Ann205 delicatulum, 203/2, Ann351 wulfianum, 1/33, Ann7 rigescens, 116/16 erectum, 203/2 ruraliformis, 116/17 minutulum, 201/2 delicatulum, 93/1, Ann150 ruralis, 116/17, Ann204, Ann214 philibertii, 203/1, Ann351 obtusum, 93/1, Ann150 sinensis, 116/18 recognitum, 203/3 subpapillosissima, 116/19, Ann215 tamariscinum, 203/4 Splachnobryum, 93 Splachnum, 120 ampullaceum, 120/1 luteum, 120/2 virescens, 116/20 Taxiphyllum, 238 repandum, 12/3 Thamnium canariense, 275/1 cossyrense, Ann353 Thamnobryum, 271 rudolphianum, 271/7, Ann423 Thuidiopsis, 202 sparsa, 202/1, Ann350 Thuidium, 203 virginianum, 192/3 Timmia, 15 melanocaulon, 120/3 densifolium, 238/1 austriaca, 15/1 pensylvanicum, 120/4 wissgrillii, 238/2 bavarica, 15/2 rubrum, 120/5 Tayloria, 121 comata, 15/4 sphaericum, 120/6 acuminata, 121/1 megapolitana, 15/3 vasculosum, 120/7 froelichiana, 121/2 norvegica, 15/5 Sporledera palustris, 44/1 Stegonia, 115 latifolia, 115/1 Stereodon bambergeri, 235/2 callichrous, 235/3 fertilis, 235/5 hamulosus, 235/6 hornschuchii, 121/3 lingulata, 121/4 sibirica, 15/6 Timmiella, 77 rudolphiana, 121/5 anomala, 77/1 serrata, 121/6 barbuloides, 77/2 splachnoides, 121/7 tenuis, 121/8 Tetraphis, 11 pellucida, 11/1 Tetraplodon, 122 flexiseta, 77/3 Tomentypnum, 185 nitens, 185/1 Tortella, 94 alpicola, 94/1, Ann152 holmenii, 235/7 angustatus, 122/1 arctica, Ann151 pallescens, 235/10 blyttii, 122/2 bambergeri, 94/2, Ann153 plicatulus, 235/11 mnioides, 122/3, Ann228 cirrifolia, 94/10, Ann157 revolutus, 235/14 pallidus, 122/4 densa, 94/6, Ann154 vaucheri, 235/18 paradoxus, 122/5 flavovirens, 94/3 urceolatus, 122/6, Ann228 fragilis, 94/4 Straminergon, 190 stramineum, 190/1 Streblotrichum convolutum, 99/3 Streptocolea atrata, 30/5 Syntrichia, 116 Tetrastichium, 166 glareicola, 94/3 fontanum, 166/1 humilis, 94/5, Ann211 virens, 166/2 inclinata, 94/6, Ann154 Tetrodontium, 12 inflexa, 94/7 brownianum, 12/1 limbata, 94/8, Ann155 ovatum, 12/2 limosella, 94/9, Ann156 266 M. O. HILL ET AL. nitida, 94/10, Ann157 revolvens, 117/26 curvifolia, 129/5 rigens, 94/11 rhizophylla, 108/1 drummondii, 129/6 tortuosa, 94/12 rhodonia, 117/27, Ann225 hutchinsiae, 129/7 rigescens, 116/16 intermedia, 129/4 abranchesii, 116/3 ruraliformis, 116/17 macrospora, 129/8, Ann249 acaulon, 111/1 ruralis, 116/17, Ann215 phyllantha, 129/9 amplexa, 117/1 saccardoana, 116/8, Ann209 ampliretis, 117/2, Ann218 schimperi, 117/28, Ann226 angustata, 117/28, Ann226 sinensis, 116/18 galerulata, Ann395 atherodes, 111/1 solmsii, 117/29, Ann227 reimersiana, 239/1, Ann395 atrovirens, 117/3 spuria, 116/3 baetica, 117/14 subulata, 117/30, Ann226 bogosica, 117/4 systylia, 117/31 bolanderi, 117/5, Ann219 truncata, 117/32 nivalis, 123/2 brevissima, 117/6, Ann221 ucrainica, 117/33 Warnstorfia, 191 buyssonii, Ann216 vahliana, 117/34 exannulata, 191/1 calcicolens, 116/2 virescens, 116/20 fluitans, 191/2 canescens, 117/7 viridifolia, 117/35 h-schulzei, 191/2 caninervis, 116/3 wilsonii, 117/36 procera, 191/3, Ann339 caucasica, Ann217 zoddae, 117/24, Ann224 pseudostraminea, 191/4 Tortula, 117 cernua, 117/8 Trachycystis, 150 crinita, 116/11 immarginata, 150/1 cuneifolia, 117/9 ussuriensis, 150/1, Ann314 densa, 116/2 Trematodon, 53 rehmannii, 129/10, Ann249 Vesicularia, 239 sphaerocarpa, Ann395 Voitia, 123 hyperborea, 123/1 sarmentosa, 191/5 trichophylla, 191/6 tundrae, 191/7 Webera echinata, 116/4 ambiguus, 53/1 eucalyptrata, 117/12 brevicollis, 53/2, Ann32 euryphylla, 117/12 laetevirens, 53/3 fragilis, 116/5 longicollis, 53/4, Ann32, Ann117 brachycarpa, 96/1 freibergii, 117/10 perssoniorum, 53/5, Ann117 condensa, 96/2 grandiretis, Ann217 guepinii, 117/11 Trichodon, 51 cylindricus, 51/1 luisieri, Ann304 maderensis, Ann304 Weissia, 96 controversa, 96/3 fallax, 96/3 handelii, 116/7 Trichostomopsis hirsuta, 116/14 aaronis, 104/3 levieri, 96/4 hoppeana, 117/12, Ann222 australasiae, 104/3 longifolia, 96/5 inermis, 117/13, Ann219 trivialis, 104/26 mittenii, Ann161 intermedia, 116/11, Ann211 umbrosa, 104/26 multicapsularis, 96/6 israelis, 117/14, Ann220 Trichostomum, 95, Ann158 leptocarpa, Ann160 papillosissima, 96/2 laevipila, 116/8 arcticum, 95/1, Ann151 perssonii, 96/7 laevipilaeformis, 116/8, Ann209 brachydontium, 95/2, Ann158 rostellata, 96/8 lanceola, 117/15 caespitosum, 92/1 rutilans, 96/9 latifolia, 116/9 connivens, Ann158 squarrosa, 96/10 laureri, 117/16 contortum, Ann158 sterilis, 96/11 leucostoma, 117/17 crispulum, 95/3, Ann158 triumphans, 95/4 lingulata, 117/18 hibernicum, 90/1 tyrrhena, 96/12 marginata, 117/19, Ann227 pallidisetum, 95/4 modica, 117/20 recurvifolium, 110/1 mucronifolia, 117/21 tenuirostre, 90/2 baumgartneri, 130/5 muralis, 117/22, Ann220 triumphans, 95/4, Ann158 conoideus, 130/1 norvegica, 116/12 obtusifolia, 117/23 pagorum, 116/8 pallida, 117/24 papillosa, 116/13, Ann212 Triquetrella, 118 arapilensis, 118/1 Trochobryum carniolicum, 39/14 Ulota, 129 wimmeriana, 96/13, Ann162 Zygodon, 130 dentatus, 130/2 forsteri, 130/3, Ann250 gracilis, 130/4 madeirensis, 130/3, Ann250 rupestris, 130/5 papillosissima, 116/14 bruchii, 129/1 sibiricus, 130/6, Ann251 princeps, 116/15 calvescens, 129/2 stirtonii, 130/7, Ann252 protobryoides, 112/1 coarctata, 129/3 viridissimus, 130/8 randii, 117/25 crispa, 129/4 vulgaris, 130/5 MOSSES OF EUROPE AND MACARONESIA 267 MARK O. HILL, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon PE28 2LS, U.K. E-mail: moh@ceh.ac.uk NEIL BELL, Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 7, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: neil.bell@helsinki.fi IDA BRUGGEMAN-NANNENGA, Griffensteijnseplein 23, 3703 BE Zeist, The Netherlands. MONTSERRAT BRUGUÉS, Departament de Biologia Animal, Vegetal i Ecologia, Unitat de Botànica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: Montserrat.Brugues@uab.es MARı́A J. CANO, Departamento de Biologı́a Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biologı́a, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. E-mail: mcano@um.es JOHANNES ENROTH, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Botanical Museum, PO Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: enroth@touko.helsinki.fi KJELL I. FLATBERG, Section of Natural History, Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-9471 Trondheim, Norway. E-mail kjell.flatberg@vm.ntnu.no JAN-PETER FRAHM, Nees Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Meckenheimer Allee 170, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. E-mail: frahm@uni-bonn.de MARı́A TERESA GALLEGO, Departamento de Biologı́a Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biologı́a, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. RICARDO GARILLETI, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, E-46100 Burjasot, Spain JUAN GUERRA, Departamento de Biologı́a Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biologı́a, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. E-mail: jguerra@um.es LARS HEDENÄS, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Cryptogamic Botany, Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: lars.hedenas@nrm.se DAVID. T. HOLYOAK, 8 Edward Street, Tuckingmill, Camborne, Cornwall TR14 8PA, UK. E-mail: david@holyoak9187.fsnet.co.uk JAAKKO HYVÖNEN, Plant Biology, PO Box 65 and Botanical Museum, PO Box 7, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: jaakko.hyvonen@helsinki.fi MICHAEL S. IGNATOV, Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia. E-mail: misha_ignatov@list.ru FRANCISCO LARA, Departamento de Biologı́a (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin, 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. E-mail: francisco.lara@uam.es VICENTE MAZIMPAKA, Departamento de Biologı́a (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin, 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. E-mail: vicente.mazimpaka@uam.es JESÚS MUÑOZ, Real Jardı́n Botánico (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, E-28014 Madrid, Spain. E-mail: jmunoz@ma-rjb.csic.es LARS SÖDERSTRÖM, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. E-mail: lars.soderstrom@bio.ntnu.no

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