Neotropical Ichthyology, 5(4):443-448, 2007
Copyright © 2007 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia
A new species of sexually dimorphic Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918
(Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Doce basin, Brazil
Edson H. L. Pereira*, Fábio Vieira** and Roberto E. Reis*
Pareiorhaphis nasuta, a new neoplecostomine catfish of the family Loricariidae is described. The species was collected from
headwaters of the rio Matipó, tributary of the upper rio Doce basin in State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is readily
diagnosed from all remaining congeners by the longer snout and by the smaller orbital diameter. The new species is the first
representative of the genus Pareiorhaphis discovered in the rio Doce basin, thus expanding its geographic distribution. A
phylogenetic diagnosis for Pareiorhaphis is presented.
Pareiorhaphis nasuta, um novo cascudo neoplecostomíneo da família Loricariidae é descrito. Os exemplares foram capturados
nas cabeceiras do rio Matipó, tributário do rio Doce no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A nova espécie é facilmente diagnosticada
entre todos os demais congêneres pelo maior comprimento do focinho e pelo menor diâmetro orbital. Esta nova espécie
representa o primeiro registro do gênero Pareiorhaphis na bacia do rio Doce, expandindo a sua distribuição geográfica. Uma
diagnose filogenética é apresentada para Pareiorhaphis.
Key words: Freshwater, Taxonomy, Systematics, Neotropical, Catfish.
Introduction
Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 is the most diverse
genus in the subfamily Neoplecostominae, comprising 17 valid
species (Pereira, 2005). These fishes are small to medium-sized
suckermouth armored catfishes with maximum standard length
between 34 mm (P. nudulus) and 116 mm (P. azygolechis).
Pareiorhaphis was recently resurrected from the synonymy
of Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 by Pereira
(2005), to accommodate several species previously assigned
to the latter genus. That resurrection was based on the
discovery that three species of Hemipsilichthys plus Delturus
belong to a clade that is the sister-group to all remaining
loricariids except Lithogenes, and was subsequently described
as the subfamily Delturinae by Reis et al. (2006). A new
phylogenetic diagnosis of Pareiorhaphis is presented below,
based on our ongoing studies, and was used to allocate the
new species in Pareiorhaphis.
Nuptial male Pareiorhaphis have similar sexual dimorphism
characterized by a thickened pectoral-fin spine and
hypertrophied odontodes (integumentary teeth) on the dorsal
surface of the pectoral-fin spine and on the lateral margins of
the head. Most species of Pareiorhaphis are distributed in
the coastal basins of southern, southeastern, and
northeastern Brazil, with highest species diversity observed
in coastal rivers of Santa Catarina State, from the rio Araranguá
basin north to the rio São João. One species, Pareiorhaphis
regani was described from the rio Curicuriari, a tributary to
the rio Negro in the Amazon basin. Recently, Pareiorhaphis
parmula was described from the headwaters of the rio Iguaçu,
in the rio Paraná basin, increasing the geographic distribution
range of the genus. During the last five years, six new species
have been described, which are currently assigned to
Pareiorhaphis (Pereira & Reis, 2002 and Pereira, 2005). This
growth in the rate of species descriptions can be attributed to
the increased interest of the taxonomists, but also to the
exploration efforts in regions poorly sampled in the past. In
recent fish collections made in headwater tributaries of the rio
Doce basin, in Minas Gerais State, additional specimens of
Pareiorhaphis were collected and discovered to belong to an
undescribed species. The present work reports the first record
of a Pareiorhaphis species in the rio Doce drainage and again
expands the distribution of the genus.
*Laboratório de Ictiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
edson.pereira@pucrs.br; reis@pucrs.br
**Agência Shopping Del Rey, Caixa Postal 4011, 31250-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. riodocemg@ig.com.br
443
444
A new species of sexually dimorphic Pareiorhaphis
Material and Methods
Institutional abbreviations are as listed in Reis et al. (2003)
with the addition of MZUFV Museu de Zoologia João Moojen
de Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. All morphometric
features were measured with digital calipers to the nearest 0.1
mm and were made from point to point under a
stereomicroscope. Measurements of bilaterally symmetrical
features were made in the left side of the body whenever
possible. Body plate counts and nomenclature follow Schaefer
(1997). Measurements include: (1) standard length (measured
from the snout tip to the last plate in median series, but not
including the horizontally elongate plate covering insertion
of middle caudal-fin rays); (2) head length (measured from
the snout tip to the end of parieto-supraoccipital bone); (3)
predorsal length (measured from the snout tip to the dorsalfin origin); (4) postdorsal length (measured from end of dorsalfin base to the last plate in median series, but not including
the horizontally elongate plate covering insertion of middle
caudal-fin rays); (5) preanal length (measured from snout tip
to the anal-fin origin); (6) preadipose length (measured from
the snout tip to the adipose-fin spine insertion); (7) dorsal-fin
spine length (measured from its origin to its distal tip); (8)
anal-fin spine length (measured from its origin to its distal
tip); (9) pectoral-fin spine length (measured from its origin to
end of osseous spine, disregarding the fleshy tip); (10)
ventral-fin spine length (measured from its origin to its distal
tip); (11) upper caudal-fin ray (measured from its origin to its
distal tip); (12) lower caudal-fin ray (measured from its origin
to its distal tip); (13) adipose-fin spine length (measured
dorsally from its origin to its distal tip); (14) adipose to caudal
fin distance (measured from the adipose-fin origin to last plate
in median series, not including the horizontally elongate plate
covering insertion of the middle caudal fin rays); (15) trunk
length (average of left and right distance from origin of
pectoral-fin spine to origin of pelvic-fin spine); (16) abdominal
length (measured from a line uniting both pelvic-fin origins to
the origin of anal-fin); (17) cleithral width (measured
transversally at widest point, in front of pectoral-fin origin);
(18) body depth at dorsal-fin origin (measured at dorsal-fin
origin); (19) body width at dorsal-fin origin (measured at the
same point of measurement 18); (20) body width at anal-fin
origin (measured at anal-fin origin); (21) caudal peduncle
length (measured from anal-fin origin to last plate in median
series, not including the horizontally elongate plate covering
insertion of the middle caudal fin rays); (22) caudal peduncle
depth (measured at point of shallowest depth of the caudal
peduncle); (23) caudal peduncle width (measured at the same
point of measurement 22); (24) snout length (measured from
the snout tip to the anterior orbital margin); (25) orbital
diameter (measured horizontally between anterior and
posterior orbital margins); (26) interorbital width (measured
horizontally between upper orbital margins); (27) head depth
(measured at the central portion of the parieto-supraoccipital
bone); (28) mandibular ramus (measured by pressing the
calipers on the long axis of the dentary bone - presented as
the average of left and right dentaries). Counts include: (29)
premaxillary teeth (number of teeth per jaw ramus); (30)
dentary teeth (number of teeth per jaw ramus); (31) plates in
median series (counted on both sides); (32) plates at dorsalfin base (number of plates in dorsal series along the dorsalfin base); (33) plates between dorsal and adipose fins (number
of plates in dorsal series between insertion of last branched
dorsal-fin ray and origin of adipose-fin spine); (34) plates
between adipose and caudal fins (number of plates in dorsal
series from just posterior the adipose-fin membrane to the
caudal fin); (35) plates at anal-fin base (number of plates in
ventral series along the anal-fin base); (36) plates between
anal and caudal fins (number of plates in ventral series
between insertion of last branched anal-fin ray and caudal
fin); (37) pre-adipose azygous plates (all unpaired plates
preceding the insertion of the adipose-fin spine).
Standard length is expressed in millimeters while all other
measurements are expresed as percents of standard length,
except subunits of the head, which are expressed as percents
of head length. In the list of type material museum abbreviation
and catalog number come first, followed by the number of
specimens in that lot, the number of specimens measured for
the morphometric comparisons in parentheses, the range of
standard length, locality, date of collection, and collectors.
Abbreviations used are SL (standard length) and HL (head
length). Comparative material includes the type specimens of
all Pareiorhaphis species but P. regani.
Nuptial males of Pareiorhaphis are defined as specimens
having the distinctive modifications that involves the shape of
the pectoral-fin spine, and hypertrophied odontodes and fleshy
lobes on lateral margins of head, although not necessarily being reproductively mature. The remaining specimens included
in the list of material examined are a combination of female,
male, and immature specimens of both sexes.
Results
Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918
Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918: 106. Type species:
Hemipsilichthys calmoni (=Psilichthys cameroni
Steindachner, 1907). Type species by subsequent
designation by Regan (1920: 14). Gender: feminine.
Subsequent type species designation by Gosline (1947:
102) of Hemipsilichthys duseni is invalid.
Diagnosis. Pareiorhaphis is diagnosed among loricariids by
having the following synapomorphies. (1) Cheeks (postrostral
and cheek plates) covered with hypertrophied odontodes in
nuptial males. This character is shared with delturines,
Isbrueckerichthys duseni, and some loricariines and
hypostomines. (2) Opercle with hypertrophied odontodes in
nuptial males. Present in all Pareiorhaphis and shared with
Hemipsilichthys and some loricariines. (3) Exposed lateral
process of cleithum with hypertrophied odontodes in nuptial
males. Present in all Pareiorhaphis species and shared with
E. H. L. Pereira, F. Vieira & R. E. Reis
Hemipsilichthys gobio and H. papillatus and some
loricariines. (4) Lateroventral portion of preopercle deeply
rugose due to the implantation of hypertrophied odontodes
in nuptial males. Present in all Pareiorhaphis species and
shared with H. gobio and H. papillatus. The characters shared
with the groups above are most parsimoniously interpreted
as independently derived according to the discussion of
relationships in Armbruster (2004) and Reis et al. (2006).
The following characters are also useful to distinguish
Pareiorhaphis species from the remaining neoplecostomines.
Abdomen naked or with small embedded platelets and lower
lip without a series of distinct papillae behind the dentaries
(vs abdomen with plates forming a central polygonal path
and lower lip with a series of distinct papillae behind the
dentaries in Neoplecostomus); infraorbital series of plates
forming the lateral edge on the nasal opening and dorsal-fin
spinelet usually present (vs infraorbital series of plates not
forming the lateral edge of the nasal opening and dorsal-fin
spinelet absent in Isbrueckerichthys); adipose fin present
(vs absent in Pareiorhina); tooth series in dentary straight or
slightly curved and odontodes on ventral surface of pelvicfin spine aligned with the spine axis (vs tooth series in dentary
approximately U-shaped and odontodes on ventral surface
of pelvic-fin spine turned medially in Kronichthys).
Pareiorhaphis nasuta, new species
Fig. 1, Table 1
Holotype. MCP 41764, 78.6 mm SL, male; Brazil: Minas Gerais:
Abre Campo: District of Granada: ribeirão Areia Branca, tributary
to the hydroelectric dam Túlio Cordeiro de Mello, rio Matipó basin,
rio Doce drainage, 20°11’17"S 42°22’27"W, 9 Oct 2004, E. H. L.
Pereira, R. E. Reis & P. Lehmann.
Paratypes. Brazil: Minas Gerais: rio Doce drainage: MCP 37176,
10 + 2 c&s (9) 25.1-78.6 mm SL; collected with the holotype.
MCP 38809, 11 (7) 45.3-94.7 mm SL; rio Matipó, Distrito de
Granada, Abre Campo, 20°11’00"S 42°23’00"W, 17-20 Aug 2002,
F. Vieira. MCP 38807, 3 (2) 39.8-63.4 mm SL; ribeirão Areia Branca,
tributary to rio Matipó, Abre Campo, 20°11’15"S 42°22’26"W, 29
Jul 2004, F. Vieira. MCP 38808, 10 + 1 c&s (6) 50.2-93.7 mm SL;
ANSP 187153, 2 (2) 67.9-87.3 mm SL; and MZUFV 2567, 3 (2)
65.4-84.1 mm SL; rio Matipó at Raul Soares, 20°07’23"S
42°24’51"W, 1997, J. A. Dergam.
Diagnosis. Pareiorhaphis nasuta is distinguished from all
congeners by the longer snout (71.1-75.6 vs 52.8-69.9% HL).
Additionally, the smaller orbital diameter (8.6-11.3 vs 11.7-18.8%
HL) further distinguishes P. nasuta from most other
Pareiorhaphis species, except for P. garbei, P. vestigipinnis,
P. cerosus, and P. splendens. Pareiorhaphis nasuta is further
distinguished from P. garbei by having bifid teeth, with a
small lateral cusp in both dentary and premaxilla (vs simple
teeth, without lateral cusp in both dentary and premaxilla);
from P. vestigipinnis by having an adipose fin (vs adipose fin
absent); from P. cerosus by having one to three preadipose
azygous plates (vs three to five plates); and from P. splendens
by the longer pelvic-fin spine (19.4-23.4 vs 12.6-19.1% SL).
445
Description. Counts and proportional measurements in Table
1. Standard length of measured specimens 55.5-94.7 mm SL.
See Fig. 1 for general body aspect. Body elongate and moderately depressed, progressively narrowing from cleithrum to
end of caudal peduncle. Dorsal profile of body gently convex, rising from snout tip to origin of dorsal fin and then
descending to end of caudal peduncle. Greatest body depth
at dorsal-fin origin. Least body depth at shallowest part of
caudal peduncle. Trunk and caudal peduncle mostly oval in
cross-section, slightly flattened ventrally and more compressed caudally. Lateral-line canal in median series complete,
pored tube visible from compound pterotic to caudal-fin base.
Ventral profile almost straight between snout tip and pelvic
girdle, slightly elevating posteriorly along anal-fin base, almost straight along caudal peduncle. Dorsal surface of body
covered by plates except for small naked area around dorsalfin base. Ventral surface of head, portion from pelvic-fin insertion to anal-fin origin, and portion around anal-fin totally
Table 1. Morphometric and meristic data of Pareiorhaphis
nasuta. Values are given as percent of standard length or
head length. SD = standard deviation, n = number of
specimens, H = holotype.
Types
H
n Low High Mean SD
Standard length (mm)
78.6 29 55.5 94.7 74.4
Percents of Standard Length
Head length
34.3 29 32.9 37.1 35.0 0.87
Predorsal length
44.2 29 42.6 46.5 44.5 1.08
Postdorsal length
39.9 29 37.2 42.0 39.6 1.11
Preanal length
66.2 29 65.3 69.8 67.4 1.24
Preadipose length
79.2 29 67.2 81.2 78.1 2.51
Dorsal-fin spine length
20.4 29 18.1 21.8 19.4 0.99
Anal-fin spine length
15.9 29 13.2 17.1 14.7 1.09
Pectoral-fin spine length
17.4 28 14.6 21.3 17.5 1.47
Ventral-fin spine length
22.2 29 19.4 23.4 21.4 1.06
Upper caudal-fin ray
23.6 25 20.1 25.1 22.5 1.19
Lower caudal-fin ray
25.5 28 21.1 25.7 24.2 1.24
Adipose-fin spine length
10.3 29 7.9 10.6 9.2 0.77
Adipose to caudal fin distance
20.3 29 16.7 23.0 21.0 1.27
Trunk length
15.9 29 15.1 18.5 16.9 0.82
Abdominal length
22.2 27 21.5 24.5 23.1 0.80
Cleithral width
28.1 28 26.7 30.1 28.5 0.80
Body depth at dorsal-fin origin
20.2 29 17.0 21.6 19.6 1.25
Body width at dorsal-fin origin
23.1 29 18.3 25.3 22.5 1.32
Body width at anal-fin origin
14.3 29 11.2 17.1 14.2 1.17
Caudal peduncle length
32.2 29 30.5 35.1 33.0 1.16
Caudal peduncle depth
9.6 29 8.2 10.2 9.3 0.49
Caudal peduncle width
5.2 29 4.7
6.7 5.5 0.46
Percents of Head Length
Snout length
74.9 29 71.1 75.6 73.4 1.11
Orbital diameter
9.6 29 8.6 11.3 9.8 0.79
Interorbital width
28.9 29 26.5 29.9 28.1 1.00
Head depth
49.0 29 44.4 55.0 49.0 2.59
Mandibular ramus
24.0 29 21.7 26.0 24.0 1.10
Counts
Premaxillary teeth
72/73 29 51
82
65.2
Dentary teeth
74/77 28 46
78
63.6
Plates in median lateral series
25
29 24
27
24.9
Plates at dorsal-fin base
5
29
5
6
5.4
Plates between dorsal and adipose
7
29
6
7
6.8
Plates between adipose and caudal
4
29
3
5
4.0
Plates at anal-fin base
3
29
2
4
3.0
Plates between anal and caudal
11
29 10
11
10.5
Pre-adipose azygous plates
2
29
1
3
1.8
446
A new species of sexually dimorphic Pareiorhaphis
naked. Abdomen almost completely naked, except for one to
four small platelets on each side just posterior to gill opening,
sometimes absent in specimens smaller than 50 mm SL.
Head broad and moderately depressed. Dorsal profile of
head broadly round in dorsal view; females and juveniles
more slender. Interorbital space slightly concave. Three
slightly elevated ridges between orbits and snout tip. Lateral
ridges from middle of snout to upper margins of orbits more
prominent. These ridges ornamented with short hypertrophied
odontodes in nuptial males. Lateral margin of head covered
with minute odontodes. Snout gently convex in lateral profile;
snout tip with ovoid area of naked skin. Nuptial males with
well-developed soft fleshy lobes extending along lateral
portion of head. Soft fleshy area ornamented with short hypertrophied odontodes, approximately perpendicular to
body axis. Eye small, dorsolaterally placed; orbit diameter
8.6-11.3% of head length. Iris operculum small or absent. Nares
ovoid, slightly longer than wide, positioned midway between
snout tip and anterior orbit margin. Oral disk circular. Lips
roundish and well-developed, occupying most of ventral
surface of head. Lower lip almost reaching pectoral girdle,
densely covered by minute papillae. Papillae surrounded by
naked areas, decreasing in size towards edge. Posterior edge
slightly fringed. Maxillary barbel short and united to lip by
membrane basally, free distally. Both premaxillae and dentaries
angled at approximately 120°, with mesial ends slightly curved
Fig. 1. Pareiorhaphis nasuta, holotype, male, MCP 41764, 78.6 mm SL. Brazil: Minas Gerais, ribeirão Areia Branca, tributary to
the upper rio Matipó, rio Doce drainage.
E. H. L. Pereira, F. Vieira & R. E. Reis
447
inwards. Teeth slender, asymmetrically bifid, medial cusp
slightly curved inwards. Lateral cusp minute and pointed,
never reaching half length of medial cusp.
Dorsal fin originating on vertical line passing through
pelvic-fin origin. Dorsal fin short, not reaching preadipose
azygous plates when depressed. Nuchal plate exposed, not
covered by skin. Dorsal-fin spinelet present but dorsal-fin
locking mechanism non-functional. Dorsal-fin spinelet oval
and wider than dorsal-fin spine base. Dorsal-fin spine
moderately flexible, followed by seven branched rays. Adipose
fin with well-ossified leading spine bearing odontodes.
Adipose fin preceded by one or two (rarely three) median
unpaired preadipose azygous plate. Pectoral fin moderate in
size, with curved and depressed spine, covered by minute
odontodes in immature males and females. Nuptial males with
pectoral fin spine bearing straight and delicate hypertrophied
odontodes on outer and ventral faces. Six branched rays,
first and second as long as spine. Subsequent branched rays
reduced gradually in size. Posterior margin of pectoral fin
straight to slightly round, overlapping pelvic-fin origin when
adpressed. Pelvic fin with one spine and five branched rays,
not reaching or almost reaching to anal-fin origin when
adpressed. Pelvic-fin spine depressed, covered with minute
odontodes ventrally and laterally; dermal flap on its dorsal
surface present and developed, extending to tip of spine.
Pelvic-fin flap distinctly higher near fin base. Anal fin with
one unbranched and five branched rays; passing adipose-fin
origin when adpressed. Caudal-fin forked; lower lobe slightly
longer than upper; 14 branched rays. Upper caudal-fin lobe
with five and lower lobe with four ventral plate-like procurrent
rays, posteriormost elongate. Odontodes on principal and
procurrent rays small and irregurlarly arranged.
and sometimes gravel. Grass or other vegetation is present
on the margins. Rapids and small pools were found along the
stream, but specimens were captured in areas of rapids among
loose stones and pebbles. Nuptial males and larger specimens
are usually captured among the larger stones and on the
stronger current.
Two other populations were sampled on the main channel
of the rio Matipó, at Raul Soares (MCP 38808, ANSP 187153,
and MZUFV 2567) in 1997 by Jorge Dergam and at Abre
Campo (MCP 38809) in 2002 by F. Vieira. The river was 20 to
25 meters wide, one to two meters deep, and with strong
rapids. The water was nearly transparent and slightly black,
with fast current. The bottom consisted mostly of large stones
and boulders. In this area, the new species was syntopic with
Astyanax cf. taeniatus, Hypostomus affinis, Harttia sp.,
Neoplecostomus sp., Trichomycterus spp., Rhamdia quelen,
and Geophagus brasiliensis.
Coloration in alcohol. Ground color of dorsal surface of head
and body grayish or sometimes light brown (dark gray in
living specimens), whitish or light yellowish ventrally. Dorsum
and flanks mostly plain, neither males nor females with small
dark spots or saddles on dorsum and flank. Spines and
branched rays of dorsal, anal, and caudal fins plain grayish.
Caudal fin sometimes with one or two diffuse narrow bands.
Paired fins uniformly grayish, occasionally posterior margin
of pectoral fin slightly whitish. Spines of pectoral and pelvic
fins uniformly grayish dorsally and ventrally. Fin membranes
hyaline. Ventral margin of head, outer portion of upper lip,
and ventral portion of caudal peduncle dusky.
Etymology. The specific epithet of Pareiorhaphis nasuta is
from the Latin nasutus, meaning long-nosed, in allusion to
the long snout, diagnostic of this species. An adjective.
Distribution. Pareiorhaphis nasuta is known from three
localities in Minas Gerais State, the type-locality in the ribeirão
Areia Branca, tributary to the rio Matipó, and two sites in the
rio Matipó itself. These sites are located in the upper rio Doce
basin and are separated by a maximum of 14 km.
Ecology. The ribeirão Areia Branca, type locality of
Pareiorhaphis nasuta, is a small (about three to four meters
wide), shallow river with very clear, transparent water, and
slow to moderate current. The bottom has rocks, loose stones,
Sexual dimorphism. As usual for Pareiorhaphis (e.g. Reis &
Pereira, 1999, fig. 2; Pereira & Reis, 2002, fig. 6; Pereira, 2005,
fig. 1), nuptial males of Pareiorhaphis nasuta have a slightly
thickened pectoral-fin spine with somewhat enlarged
odontodes and hypertrophied odontodes on the lateral
margins of head. Odontodes also occur in females and
juveniles, but are much smaller. Also, nuptial males of most
species are distinguished from females by having a dermal
flap on the dorsal surface of the pelvic-fin spine, which is
absent or very reduced in females. In addition to that, and
contrary to most other Pareiorhaphis species, fully
developed males of the P. nasuta have a well-developed fleshy
flap along the entire length of the posterodorsal margin of the
pectoral-fin spine.
Discussion
The diagnosis of Pareiorhaphis presented above is based
on our ongoing phylogenetic studies of the neoplecostomines
which encompass most of the neoplecostomine species,
including several undescribed, and will be published
elsewhere.
Pareiorhaphis is distinguished from Isbrueckerichthys
by having the infraorbital series of plates forming the lateral
edge on the nasal opening and by having a predorsal spinelet.
Pereira (2005) described a new species of Pareiorhaphis, P.
parmula, that has one, or rarely two, platelets on each side of
the pectoral girdle, just posterior to the gill openings.
Pareiorhaphis nasuta shares this feature with P. parmula
and have two or three small plates in the same region. Both P.
nasuta and P. parmula can be easly distinguished from
Isbrueckerichthys by lacking plates on the central region of
the abdomen, as seen in Isbrueckerichthys and by having a
predorsal spinelet. Furthermore, P. nasuta can be
448
A new species of sexually dimorphic Pareiorhaphis
distinguished from P. parmula by the smaller orbital diameter
(8.6-11.3 vs 12.7-15.9% HL). Finally, the most distinctive feature of P. nasuta is the larger snout length that diagnoses it
from all remaining congeners (71.1-75.6 vs 52.8-69.9% HL).
The distribution of Pareiorhaphis is herein extended to
include the headwater streams of the rio Doce drainage (Fig.
2), suggesting that the species-level diversity among catfishes
of the genus Pareiorhaphis is significantly higher than as
previously defined by Pereira & Reis (2002) and Pereira (2005).
The occurrence of P. nasuta in the rio Doce basin suggests
that the distribution of the genus may be still broader than is
presently known.
Acknowledgements
The manuscript benefited from the review of two
anonymous reviewers, to which we are very thankful.
Specimens were collected under permits from the Instituto
Estadual de Florestas (IEF-MG) issued to F. Vieira and from
IBAMA, issued to R. Reis. Fieldwork associated with this
study was supported by the All Catfish Species Inventory
(NSF DEB-0315963), and the CAT-LEO Energia S.A. (F. Vieira),
to which we are much indebted. EHLP is partially financed by
a doctoral fellowship from CAPES and RER is partially
financed by CNPq (process # 301748/2004-7).
Literature Cited
Fig. 2. Map of eastern Brazil showing geographic distribution of
Pareiorhaphis nasuta. Open symbol represents type-locality.
Comparative material examined: All from Brazil (in addition to
that listed in Pereira & Reis, 2002) is: Hemipsilichthys nimius: MCP
33049, 105.1 mm SL (holotype), rio Carrasquinho below the
Cachoeira do Tobogã, Parati, Rio de Janeiro. MCP 31990, 11, 45.798.1 mm SL (paratypes), collected with the holotype.
Isbrueckerichthys epakmos: MZUSP 79804, 103.1 mm SL
(holotype); rio Verde at Piúva, on road to Rio Verde, Tapiraí, São
Paulo. MCP 28276, 63, 39.5-83.3 mm SL (paratypes), rio Coruja,
tributary to rio Juquiá, on road from Tapiraí to Juquiá near Cachoeira
do Chá, São Paulo. Kronichthys subteres: MCP 20150, 32, 38.176.8 mm SL, córrego Areias, ca 1 km SE from Bairro da Serra,
Iporanga, São Paulo. Neoplecostomus microps: MCP 20069, 4, 47.189.3 mm SL, ribeirão Benfica at Benfica, ca 1 km of Piquete, São
Paulo. MCP 20071, 13, 45.1-98.3 mm SL, ribeirão Macacos at
Bairro dos Macacos, Silveiras. Pareiorhaphis parmula: MCP 35826,
93.3 mm SL, (holotype), rio dos Patos, tributary to rio da Várzea
on road PR-427 from Lapa to Campo Tenente, Paraná. MCP 35827,
59 + 2 c&s, 45.7-94.5 mm SL, collected with the holotype.
Pareiorhina carrancas: LIRP 2280, 1 + 1 c&s, 35.8-36.9 mm SL
(paratypes), córrego Debaixo da Serra, Carrancas, Minas Gerais.
Pareiorhina rudolphi: MCP 18052, 23 + 1 c&s, 30.4-49.3 mm SL,
creek tributary of rio Piquete at Benfica, São Paulo.
Armbruster, J. W. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of the
suckermouth armoured catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis
on the Hypostominae and the Ancistrinae. Zoological Journal
of the Linnean Society, 141: 1-80.
Gosline, W. A. 1947. Contributions to the classification of the
loricariid catfishes. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de
Janeiro, 41: 79-134.
Pereira, E. H. L. 2005. Resurrection of Pareiorhaphis Miranda
Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae), and
description of a new species from the rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil.
Neotropical Ichthyology, 3(2): 271-276.
Pereira, E. H. L. & R. E. Reis. 2002. Revision of the loricariid genera
Hemipsilichthys and Isbrueckerichthys (Teleostei: Siluriformes),
with descriptions of five new species of Hemipsilichthys.
Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 13: 97-146.
Regan, C. T. 1920. XV – Pisces. Zoological Records [1918], 55:1-19.
Reis, R. E. & E. H. L. Pereira. 1999. Hemipsilichthys nudulus, a
new uniquely plated species of loricariid from the rio Araranguá
basin in southern Santa Catarina State, Brazil (Teleostei,
Siluriformes). Icththyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 10(1):
45-51.
Reis, R. E., S. O. Kullander, & C. J. Ferraris, Jr. [Eds]. 2003. Check
list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America.
Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, 729p.
Reis, R. E., E. H. L. Pereira & J. W. Armbruster. 2006. Delturinae,
a new loricariid catfish subfamily (Teleostei, Siluriformes), with
a revision of Delturus and Hemipsilichthys. Zoological Journal
of the Linnean Society, 147: 277-299.
Schaefer, S. A. 1997. The neotropical cascudinhos: systematics and
biogeography of the Otocinclus catfishes (Siluriformes:
Loricariidae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia, 148: 1-120.
Submitted September 2007
Accepted November 2007