Gerhard Wagenitz (1927–2017)
Authors: Lack, Hans Walter, and Wissemann, Volker
Source: Willdenowia, 48(1) : 147-160
Published By: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin (BGBM)
URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48111
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Willdenowia
Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin
Hans Walter lack1* & Volker Wissemann2
Gerhard Wagenitz (1927 – 2017)
Version of record first published online on 5 april 2018 ahead of inclusion in april 2018 issue.
Citation: lack H. W. & Wissemann V.: Gerhard Wagenitz (1927 – 2017). – Willdenowia 48: 147 – 160.
doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48111
Gerhard Wagenitz passed away on 30 January 2017, just
a few months before his ninetieth birthday. He was the
doyen of plant taxonomy in Germany, a professor emeritus of Göttingen University and a full member of the Göttingen academy of sciences. in a unique way GW combined several qualifications: he was a world authority in
Compositae, an outstanding connoisseur of the history of
biology in general and of plant taxonomy in particular,
and a very active academic teacher with no fewer than
three of his many students currently holders of university
chairs. in addition to his many activities at Göttingen University, including his role as the head of its herbarium for
many years, GW left behind an extremely rich and diverse
scientific oeuvre of the highest profile. it covers an unconventionally broad spectrum of topics with his Wörterbuch
der Botanik [Dictionary of Botany] as his most influential
publication. For eleven years, from 1958 until 1969, GW
had been a member of staff of the Botanic Garden and
Botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, a period of his long
life emphasized to a certain degree in this obituary.
The early years
GW was born in Potsdam in Germany on 31 may 1927
as the only child of Hermann Wagenitz, a lyceal-oberlehrer [senior teacher at a lyceum] in Potsdam and owner
of a tree nursery in eiche, now part of Potsdam, and his
wife martha (called magda) née Waak. clearly influenced
by his parents he developed an early interest in botany.
From his father, who had joined the Botanischer Verein
der Provinz Brandenburg in 1921 and who was to die
when his son was only five years old, GW learned as his
first scientific names Digitalis purpurea and Coccinellia
septempunctata. His mother, who had attended a practical
course in plant determination given at munich University
in 1913 by Gustav Hegi (the author of Illustrierte Flora
von Mitteleuropa), acted as a competent nature guide
Fig. 1. Gerhard Wagenitz in the old Botanic Garden of Göttingen University, 2016. – Photograph: Uwe Wagenitz.
for her son. Unsurprisingly, GW, like his father, began
to collect plants, to prepare herbarium specimens at the
age of five and learned from his mother how to determine
them. according to GW’s personal recollections about his
youth he “always read very much”, a character trait that
remained dominant until the last weeks of his long life and
was also strongly influenced by his mother. she had studied mathematics and physics at Göttingen University under such luminaries as David Hilbert and max Born and
had started to teach at a gymnasium in Uelzen, but after
her marriage had had to give up her position because at
that time husbands and wives were not both allowed to be
1 Botanischer Garten und Botanisches museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, königin-luise-str. 6 – 8, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
*e-mail: h.w.lack@bgbm.org (author for correspondence).
2 institut für Botanik, Herbarium und Botanischer Garten, Justus-liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-ring 38, 35392 Gießen,
Germany; e-mail: volker.wissemann@bot1.bio.uni-giessen.de
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148
employed by the state. it was only several years after the
death of her husband that magda, who did not remarry,
started to teach her two subjects once more, thereby providing the material basis for Gerhard and herself.
in 1937, GW, aged ten, was sent for the next few years
to the realgymnasium [secondary school] in Potsdam’s
kaiser-Wilhelm-allee, a period of his life overshadowed
by the political realities of the time. For all pupils, joining
the Deutsches Jungvolk [German Youngsters] and subsequently the Hitlerjugend [Hitler Youth] was compulsory, with the latter including straightforward pre-military
training. not being athletic, Gerhard was scolded. However, there was plenty of time for him to read many books,
among them several biology text books from his father’s
library, and these Gerhard enjoyed tremendously. His
mother clearly had negative views about nazism, but because of the extremely effective oppression could not be
a declared opponent of the system. it was his mother who
taught him how to use his father’s leitz microscope and
how to determine plants with the help of karl kraepelin’s
Exkursionsflora von Nord- und Mitteldeutschland. she
generously allowed her son also to make chemical experiments in their flat, including some admittedly dangerous
ones. two weeks after the defeat of the German army in
stalingrad [now Wolgograd], Gerhard, aged 15, and his
classmates were conscripted Flakhelfer, i.e. they belonged
to the auxiliary staff of the German luftwaffe, and underwent recruitment training in nauen, a town northwest of
Berlin. there, GW experienced the drill and nonsensical
rhetoric typical of every military system, especially of the
German one at that time. in parallel with the training, the
number of lessons was steadily being reduced because of
frequent alarms caused by air raids. in early september
1944, GW was demobilized, but periods soon followed,
first in a Wehrertüchtigungslager [defense training camp]
belonging to the Hitler Youth and after that conscripted
labour in the reichsarbeitsdienst [reich labour service].
according to his recollections, GW was by then convinced that the war was lost for Germany.
The difficult years
on 6 January 1945 GW, aged 17, was conscripted as a soldier to do service in a machine gun company based in the
town of Brandenburg, west of Potsdam, where he experienced the final months of the second World War with all
its indescribable chaos. around 26 april near rathenow,
GW was lightly wounded on his right hand, but he had to
continue westwards as fast as possible in order to avoid
contact with the victorious soviet army, which was approaching from the east. the fear was of becoming a soviet prisoner of war, with the very real danger of being sent
to siberia. GW finally reached Zerbst, a town that had just
surrendered to Us troops on 28 april 1945. in this he was
extremely lucky – only a few days later, on 6 may, Zerbst
was handed over to soviet troops. on 8 may, the unconditional surrender of the German reich was signed in Berlin
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lack & Wissemann: Gerhard Wagenitz (1927 – 2017)
ending in a sense the second World War in europe. Difficult weeks followed: GW, now a prisoner of war, was
handed over from the Us army to British troops, and
marched westwards via magdeburg to the tiny village of
Weferlingen in what is now lower saxony. there he was
released from captivity in mid-July 1945 and was given
permission to continue to celle, then in the British zone
of Germany, where one of his uncles lived. looking back,
GW was happy not to have been allowed by the British
authorities to return directly to Potsdam, which may
well have brought him into soviet confinement. it was in
celle that GW passed his abitur in march 1946, and two
months later he was back in Potsdam, where fortunately
his mother had survived the final months of the war unharmed. this return journey of c. 180 km lasted no less
than twenty-three days because, in agreement with the
decisions reached at the Yalta conference, Germany had
been divided into four allied occupation zones: GW had
to pass from the British into the soviet Zone which meant,
among others, quarantine in erfurt, forced labour for the
soviet authorities in Beelitz, and all kinds of controls and
delays, in order to reach his very severely destroyed home
town Potsdam, where he arrived on 18 may 1946.
As a student in Berlin and Göttingen
Having survived the inferno, GW took up employment as
a garden worker in the well-known nursery of karl Förster
in Bornim, now part of Potsdam, where he had to dig over
the ground, cart soil and compost, weed and tidy the beds
and cut flowers, the latter a job in retrospect he regarded as
the most pleasant one. However, all this was not the kind
of occupation GW wished to have for long and therefore
in the summer of 1946 he sent an application for admission to Berlin University. this was successful and upon
matriculation he solemnly shook hands with Johannes
stroux, the first post-war rektor [Vice chancellor], then
part of the tradition of welcoming incoming students. in
Berlin GW found himself in a very complex situation.
Firstly Berlin, like the rest of Germany, was divided
into four sectors, though in 1946 people, goods and traffic
could still move freely from one sector to another with
the reichsmark being the only currency. However, the
main building of Berlin University on the boulevard Unter den linden was situated in the soviet sector of the
city, while several other university institutions, among
them the Botanic Garden and the Botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem (BGBm), were situated in the Us sector. Furthermore the Us military Government as a result of their
right of occupation had unilaterally removed the BGBm
from the Berlin University in march 1946 and placed it
under the administration of the magistrate of Berlin, i.e.
the city of Berlin. in short, the institution no longer belonged to Berlin University. secondly, the academic staff
of Berlin University had been severely depleted by the
second World War and its consequences, which meant
a very reduced academic programme of lectures, prac-
Willdenowia 48 – 2018
tical courses and excursions, and there was hardly any
fixed curriculum. this went hand in hand with extremely
meagre resources resulting in academic teaching based
on blackboard and chalk only, without the assistance of
text books, demonstration charts or slides – even pen and
paper were quite scarce. thirdly, many buildings were
severely war-damaged, and this applied both to the main
building of Berlin University and the Botanical museum.
in march 1947, GW was conscripted to labour input – he
mixed mortar and taped stones for the reconstruction of
the ruined main university building on Unter den linden,
a fact he recollected whenever he passed by.
in addition, there were more prosaic realities: food
was extremely difficult to come by in Berlin, and GW noted in his recollections that “it was always a problem to eat
one’s fill”. However, in his sober way he also noted that he
was more fortunate than others – he had relatives outside
town who were ready to help with food and he occasionally received food packets sent from south africa. Heating in winter was another problem. GW had rented a room
in Driesener straße, but only the tenant’s kitchen could be
heated, and in the evenings he sat on the slowly cooling
hotplate his feet wrapped up in a blanket. the well-heated
amerikahaus in the Us sector was a heaven where GW
enjoyed reading in a more comfortable atmosphere.
commencing in the winter term of 1946–1947 at Berlin University, GW studied botany and zoology with an emphasis on the latter field. this had several reasons: one was
that he was already familiar with many aspects of botany,
in particular the vascular flora of central europe; another
was the lack of a full professor in plant taxonomy – since
the death of ludwig Diels in november 1945 his position
had not yet been filled. in GW’s recollections, the BGBm
played no significant role – the herbarium, library and conservatories had largely been destroyed, the Botanical museum was partly in ruins, only a plant determination course
given by Hermann otto sleumer is mentioned as having
taken place in this building. in contrast, GW noted many
details on the lectures and practical courses, as a rule in
rooms hardly heated during winter, given by the zoologists
Günter tembrock, Werner Ulrich and, in particular, the
plant physiologist kurt noak, who taught general botany.
Judging from GW’s recollections, he very much enjoyed the botanical excursions because they helped him
to extend his already profound knowledge of species diversity. these tours brought him into the surroundings of
Berlin, to the island of Hiddensee in the Baltic sea, and to
the kyffhäuser, a hill range southeast of the Harz mountains, all situated in the soviet Zone and at that time still
freely accessible. on one of these excursions led by the
bryologist Hermann reimers he realized his preference
for botany over zoology. it was also on one of these tours
that GW met ruth Heinecke from Berlin-Friedrichshagen and soon fell in love with her; she was later to become his wife and the mother of their three sons.
meanwhile, the views of the four allies over the future
of Germany had continued to become more and more
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149
divergent, with the subsequent crisis culminating in the
Berlin Blockade, i.e. the Western allies being denied the
railway, road and canal access to their sectors in Berlin.
in the end this conflict resulted in (1) the creation of the
Federal republic of Germany on 24 may 1949, agreed on
by the three Western military commanders for Germany,
and (2) the creation of the German Democratic republic
on 7 october 1949, agreed on by the soviet military administration in Germany. By contrast, the future destiny
of Berlin, which belonged neither to the Federal republic
of Germany nor to the German Democratic republic, remained unresolved or, in modern political terminology, a
frozen conflict. this was the beginning of what would become the division of Germany, resulting in the infamous
Berlin Wall, which came to an end only in the treaty on
the Final settlement with respect to Germany signed by
the Four allies and the two German states and taking effect on 15 march 1991.
living in the soviet sector of Berlin, GW had not
been affected by the Berlin blockade, but he already felt
the growing political pressure on students and may have
realized the political difficulties and dangers to come.
changing from the Berlin University, which had already
been renamed Humboldt University, to the Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), founded on 4 December 1948 in the
american sector, was not an attractive option for GW
– the academic programme for botany was still meagre
and in the winter term of 1959 – 1960 comprised introductory courses only. instead, and following the role
model of his mother, GW decided to continue his botanical studies at Göttingen University, where he found
in Franz Firbas a professor who supported him in his
botanical studies and in his celle-based uncle a relative
who supported him financially. in short, GW like many
of his generation went west.
after having attended the two Botanische Großpraktika [monday to saturday full-day practical courses in
botany], where the emphasis was on preparing very accurate drawings, a course in plant geography, excursions
into the surroundings of Göttingen and, in spring 1951, to
lake Garda (which for GW was a sensation as he never
had been south of the alps), he prepared under the supervision of Firbas his staatsexamensarbeit on pollen diversity in Valerianaceae. this was a kind of diploma thesis
acting as one of the prerequisites for being admitted to
the written and oral exams that were needed to become a
teacher at a secondary school. at that time, GW obviously contemplated continuing the teaching tradition of his
family. However, Firbas had other plans: he suggested to
GW, who had passed the staatsexamen with best marks
in 1952, that he undertook a doctoral thesis on the genus
Centaurea with an emphasis on palynology to be written
under his guidance. GW agreed, not knowing that this
topic would bring him deeply into plant taxonomy and
occupy him for the rest of his life. Further botanical excursions followed, again to lake Garda and to montpellier, where GW for the first time experienced the eu-med-
150
iterranean flora. in november 1954, he passed the final
examinations in botany, zoology and chemistry in a room
of the Universitätsaula on Göttingen’s Wilhelmsplatz and
received his doctor’s diploma.
meanwhile, ruth, who had written her staatsexamensarbeit on vegetation successions (extract published
in 1958 in Wiss. Z. Pädagog. Hochschule Potsdam,
math.-naturwiss. reihe 4(1): 55 – 64), had stayed behind
in the soviet sector of Berlin, though she visited GW a
few times in Göttingen. on 30 December 1954 they married in the town-hall of Berlin-köpenick, but only after a
considerable amount of red tape was ruth permitted to
move across the border between the German Democratic
republic and the Federal republic of Germany to Göttingen in may 1955. meanwhile, her husband had got a
one-term job as scientific assistant to Firbas.
Scholarship in Vienna
a scholarship financed by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) opened new gates to GW in January 1956.
He and his wife moved to Vienna for nine months in order to work at the Department of Botany of the natural
History museum. there, GW was hosted and supervised
by karl Heinz rechinger, the department’s director and a
well-known specialist of the flora of the eastern mediterranean and the near east with a particular interest in the
Compositae. no doubt this interval was very important for
GW’s further career because, for the first time, he worked
in a huge herbarium and a vast library with extensive
materials from all over the world. the post-war realities
meant, however, among others, that there was no working
lift inside the tall and pompous building on Vienna’s majestic Ringstraße. During winter, only the botany library
was heated, whereas the herbarium remained extremely
cold; meanwhile, the second district of the city where the
young couple had rented a room still showed all the marks
of recent soviet occupation. in retrospect, rechinger, no
doubt a member of the old taxonomic school more ready
to describe one more new species rather than one fewer,
noted that each of his suggestions fell on fertile ground
with his guest and that GW was instantly able to orientate
himself inside the herbarium and the library. in addition,
GW managed to quickly and efficiently revise a few plant
groups like Psammogeton in the Compositae and Lepyrodiclis in the Umbelliferae for rechinger’s proposed Flora
Iranica project. it was at the natural History museum in
Vienna that GW began to study the Compositae genera
Filago, Iflago etc., mimicking balls of wool, and to copy
with his typewriter hundreds of protologues of names in
the genera Centaurea and Jurinea, which he had traced in
the library and which served him in his subsequent studies.
Back in Berlin
With his scholarship coming to an end, GW had to look
out for a new position and found it late in 1956 in Berlin,
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lack & Wissemann: Gerhard Wagenitz (1927 – 2017)
where he became assistant to erich Werdermann, thereby
filling the position previously held by theo eckardt. the
former was full professor at the FUB and held in personal
union the position of director of the BGBm, which was
then an independent institution. GW’s first job was associated with Werdermann’s professorship and as a consequence he was engaged in the Botanisches Großpraktikum. since the FUB was unable to offer adequate space
for academic teaching in botany, the course took place
in the famous Blaue Grotte [blue cave] in the Botanical
museum, now the second floor of the Botanical museum’s galleries. When his two-year appointment came to
an end, GW remained at the Botanical museum, albeit in
another, newly created position – from 1 october 1958
onward he was wissenschaftlicher angestellter [scientific
employee] at the BGBm. at that time, Hans melchior
was acting director of the institution, and it was clearly for him that GW wrote several treatments, including
Campanulales, Dipsacales and Rubiales, for the twelfth
edition of the Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien cared for
by melchior and published belatedly in october 1964.
melchior was followed on 1 september 1959 as acting
director by eckardt, who was additionally appointed on
1 october 1959 professor at the FUB without giving up
his position as acting director.
in his new position, GW was expected to fulfil curatorial duties and research. He managed to accomplish both
commitments in an exemplary way. Judging from the
annual reports published in Willdenowia, where the two
obligations are for good reason consistently and persistently treated separately, GW’s focus was primarily on the
rearrangement of the extensive collection of wood samples and of various families in the herbarium, notably the
Compositae. as a consequence annotations in his hand,
always in black ink, very readable, dated and signed, are
omnipresent in the herbarium and continue to act as useful guides to a broad spectrum of specimens even today.
During his first years at the BGBm, GW published papers
on Centaurea, Myopordon and the life and work of Joseph
Bornmüller, thereby starting his series of in-depth studies
on the history of botany in general and plant taxonomy in
particular. Because of the pronounced historical dimension of taxonomy and nomenclature, GW always regarded this double approach an absolute necessity. it became a
characteristic trait of his scientific oeuvre.
after a few years under the acting directors melchior
and eckardt, the BGBm got a new director on 1 march
1961 in Walter Domke, who had no affiliation with the
FUB and whose priorities were different to those of his
predecessors. only a few months later, the world was
shocked by the erection of the Berlin wall. on 13 august
1961, not only were the western sectors of Berlin sealed
off from the soviet sector but also from the surrounding
areas in the German Democratic republic. all this went
in parallel with the construction of similar fortified structures along the border between the German Democratic
republic and the Federal republic of Germany. Botanists
Willdenowia 48 – 2018
such as GW based in the western sectors were confronted
with several consequences – no more visits to Potsdam,
no more excursions into the surroundings of Berlin and
no more easy travel to the Federal republic of Germany.
in a sense, the Berlin Wall also changed the profile of the
Botanic Garden, which now became a frequently visited
green space for those living in the walled-in western sectors. in parallel, the newly appointed director advocated
conservation rather than research in plant taxonomy as
the primary purpose of his institution and concentrated
his attention on the Botanic Garden and the galleries of
the Botanical museum.
meanwhile, throughout all these changes, GW continued his taxonomic research in the genus Centaurea, and
submitted a study on C. subg. Phaeopappus for publication in Botanische Jahrbücher, a journal which at that
time had eckardt as its co-editor. eckardt invited GW
to submit this paper as Habilitationsschrift [habilitation
thesis], a proposal to which GW quite naturally agreed.
When subsequently informing Domke, his superior, on
this plan, GW was lectured that if he chose to continue
with his Habilitation [qualification to conduct self-contained university training] at the FUB there would be no
further place for him at the BGBm. as a matter of fact
this was an inappropriate argument as well as an incorrect
statement, because GW’s position had meanwhile been
made permanent and furthermore no regulation existed
that would forbid a Habilitation to a member of staff of the
BGBm. However, GW felt deeply offended by Domke
and recalled this confrontation a few times in conversation
with the first author. Judging from the course catalogue
of the FUB, GW started lecturing in the summer term of
1963 and continued offering lectures, practical courses,
excursions and seminars for six years. His focus was on
plant taxonomy, but he also lectured on flower biology
and the history of vegetation in europe since the tertiary;
a few practical courses in plant determination were also
included. it was during these years that GW supervised
the first student to write a doctoral thesis under his guidance – manfred Dittrich, later a curator at the conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève.
after Domke’s retirement as director of the BGBm
on 30 september 1964, eckardt was appointed his successor and he brought about a more harmonious working
atmosphere at the BGBm. However, it should be noted
that the new director expected his scientific staff to spend
a maximum of half of their working time on research,
while the rest had to go into curatorial activities. these
included filing accessions into the herbarium, rearranging collections and identifying specimens cultivated in
the garden or gathered on expeditions according to a division of responsibilities. Guided tours for the general public in the Botanic Garden and Botanical museum also belonged to these responsibilities, as did writing brochures
on topics dealt with in the museum’s galleries. GW fulfilled all these obligations in a perfect way, and was also
made the scientific superintendent of the library, which
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151
meant that it was he who selected all acquisitions, determined shelf marks etc. and thereby shaped the profile
of this key part of the BGBm. in short, focusing only on
research was not commented on favourably by eckardt,
although only occasionally did he sanction the neglect of
curatorial duties. shortly after eckardt’s coming into office, the first instalment of the second edition of volume
6(3) of Hegi Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa started to
appear in munich; it had GW as author. this well-known
encyclopaedia dealing with the vascular plants of central
europe became a leitmotif of his life; three more instalments of volume 6(3) were published during his years in
Berlin, a fifth instalment during his early years in Göttingen, while the second edition of volume 6(4) ending the
treatment of the Compositae appeared only several years
later. While GW was author in these cases, he acted as
editor of the third edition of volume 3(1) of this work,
published in Berlin in 1981; even before, and together
with Dimitri Hartl of mainz University, GW had been coeditor of the second edition of volume 3(1), which was
published in munich in the years 1965 – 1974. otherwise
GW refrained from the necessary but invidious and timeconsuming task of editing scientific journals or books.
Based on his Vienna experience, GW became during
the sixties an expert in the care and management of herbaria, not only of that in the BGBm but also in other places
in central europe, e.g. Geneva, where he had worked as
a guest for several weeks. His remarkable ability to decipher the handwritings of botanists from all over the world
and from several centuries, as well as his qualifications
to understand the complexities of herbarium work, originate from this time. GW’s paper on the collections in the
Willdenow Herbarium originating from the famous expedition undertaken by Joseph Pitton de tournefort, andreas
Gundelsheimer and claude aubriet to the eastern mediterranean and transcaucasia in 1700–1701 exemplifies this.
on 2 september 1965, GW, then living at spanische
allee 160 not very far from the BGBm, was made kustos
[curator] at BGBm, thereby becoming a civil servant of
the land Berlin (the legal successor of the magistrate of
Berlin), and on 2 september 1966 the FUB awarded him
the title Professor extraordinary.
In Göttingen again
it was less than three years later, on 1 august 1969, that
GW reached the summit of the academic hierarchy in
Germany – he was appointed full professor at Göttingen
University. this was a sensible and logical move. considering the taboo on Hausberufungen in Germany, i.e. the
concept that the position of a professor must not be a tenure track position within any given university, GW had no
chance to be appointed full professor at the FUB and/or a
director of the BGBm, irrespective of his qualifications.
the first author had the privilege to meet GW for
the first time in Göttingen in september 1973, just four
years after GW had taken over the professorship which
152
was combined with the responsibility for the Herbarium.
compared to what the first author had seen previously
in Brussels, edinburgh, kew, Paris, Prague and Vienna,
the systematisch-Geobotanisches institut of Göttingen
University was definitely a markedly smaller institution. remarkably, GW was extremely knowledgeable
and highly competent in all fields of his new function,
including the herbarium and the library. although now
the holder of one of the two chairs of the institute, he
continued to cultivate his great interest in all the collections under his care, and he took this – in contrast to
some of his equivalents in other universities – very seriously. one of the fruits of this activity was his Index
Collectorum Principalium Herbarii Gottingensis published in 1982, now together with subsequent additions
and corrections available on the internet. Quite naturally
there was more academic teaching in Göttingen than in
Berlin, more responsibility, and more administrative duties, with GW twice elected Dean of the faculty and for
1981 – 1983 vice president of Göttingen University, but
there is no doubt that these were happy years for him. For
his family and himself he bought a nice house and garden
at Göttingen’s ewaldstraße 73, which became also the
place for his ever-growing library and where he regularly
hosted external visitors. in addition, he felt satisfied with
his position with its mix of research, academic teaching,
curatorial attention and the routine of managing a small
institute, set into the refined atmosphere of an old German university town.
therefore, it was no surprise that GW chose not to
apply for the combined position of professor at the FUB
and director of the BGBm, which after the retirement of
eckardt had become vacant, although this decision was
regretted by the majority of staff at the BGBm. GW never
disclosed his reasons for not applying, but it is likely that
he realized wisely that the double function and the running of a much larger institution would perhaps require
qualifications he believed he might not possess and that he
would be left with much less time to do sensible research.
in addition, it should be noted that in the seventies, due to
the Berlin Wall, the position was much less attractive than
the professorship in Göttingen for any botanist who liked
to go with his students on excursions.
During his first decade in Göttingen, GW published
several treatments of Compositae genera for Flora of
Turkey, notably of the genus Centaurea. together with
Ulrich Hamann of Bochum University, GW published a
bibliography of the flora of central europe, in a sense a
companion volume to Hegi Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, which saw a second edition in 1977. But there
was more than treatments for Floras: further papers on
the “balls of wool”, i.e. Filago s.l., on the systematics and
phylogeny of Compositae in general, on individual herbaria kept in Göttingen such as the “Plantae malabaricae”
and on Göttingen-based botanists such as albrecht von
Haller and august Grisebach. the most substantial contributions during GW’s second Göttingen decade were his
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lack & Wissemann: Gerhard Wagenitz (1927 – 2017)
treatments for Flora Iranica, in particular the accounts of
Centaurea and Jurinea, the latter with rechinger as first
author. it was during this period of his life that he was
elected full member of the Göttingen academy of science, even for a full professor at Göttingen University this
was a special honour not awarded automatically.
over more than three decades, first in Berlin and later
in Göttingen, GW supervised a very considerable number
of staatsexamensarbeiten, diploma theses and doctoral
theses, plus one habilitation thesis. topics ranged from
carpological studies in the genus Centaurea and related
genera to the monocots of the karakorum mountains,
from the nectar in Asterideae and its relevance for flower
biology to nectaries in Dipsacales, from Fragaria species in lower saxony to the Luzula campestris group
in the northwestern part of Germany. this list could be
considerably extended considering that GW mentored,
reviewed and assessed no fewer than 36 diploma theses.
more relevant for science and very characteristic of his
care for his students is another fact: he made sure that
a very considerable number of these works or extracts
from them were properly published in various scientific
journals, among them Botanische Jahrbücher, Candollea, Flora, Stapfia, Willdenowia, or in series like Dissertationes Botanicae. no doubt GW was a man of high
standards and he expected these also to be fulfilled by
his students. the authors will not forget his final verdict
“dünne” [thin, i.e. poor in facts and/or arguments] in cases where GW was not satisfied by the evidence presented
or the arguments put forward.
GW’s geographical focus was clearly circumscribed,
resulting in a somewhat limited knowledge of the plant
diversity in the tropics and the southern hemisphere. By
contrast, he was a great expert on botanical literature on
a global scale, past, present and at great depth. as a consequence, he became a connoisseur of the almost inexhaustible treasures of the niedersächsische staats- und
Universitätsbibliothek (sUB) in Göttingen and became a
regular visitor to all its reading rooms. When GW came
back to Göttingen in 1969, the sUB compared very favourably with the situation in Berlin. at that time, the
similarly inexhaustible treasures of the Preussische
staatsbibliothek were still divided – one part was kept
in the soviet sector of Berlin, another part in marburg in
the Federal republic of Germany, a third part in cracow
in Poland, while other parts were either kept in the soviet
Union or had been lost. as a consequence, all this material was much more difficult to use. it is therefore easy to
imagine why GW fell in love with the sUB. this resulted
in a few high-profile exhibitions, which he initiated and
organized in this magnificent library. they focused on the
works of linnaeus, Haller and botanical illustration, yet
another topic very near to the heart of GW. needless to
say, he contributed to the respective catalogues.
For a variety of reasons, among them his professorial and administrative duties, and in contrast to some of
his colleagues, GW travelled relatively little and, with the
Willdenowia 48 – 2018
exception of tours to turkey, armenia and egypt, only
within europe. in addition, he was not an avid plant collector like rechinger or Werner Greuter, but like them he
also worked in the field and arranged for all his collections to be properly determined and later deposited in his
institute’s herbarium. Within these limitations, GW had
seen much of the european flora – from northern sweden
to cyprus – with an obvious focus on central europe and
the alps, which he visited on excursions often undertaken
with students. Unsurprising for a man of his calibre, GW
was repeatedly invited to lecture on a broad spectrum
of topics and this he did with pleasure, mainly in Germany, but occasionally also in austria, switzerland, the
netherlands and england. in addition, GW was a regular
visitor to the library and herbarium of the BGBm, which
he knew so very well, annotating specimens and making
photocopies of those books and journals that were not
available in Göttingen.
in marked contrast to many of his generation, GW
began at an early stage to make use of the potentialities
of data management with the help of a computer. He is
reported to have possessed the first Pc at the institute
in Göttingen and was able to impress his students in his
competence in handling databases – just moments after
having translated a protologue from latin into German.
in 1993 GW had reached retirement age. While this
often means a decrease of scientific output, this was definitely not the case with him and the opposite happened,
although with a gradual shift towards history of botany
versus taxonomy. His most important publication from
this period was the Wörterbuch der Botanik [Dictionary
of Botany], the fruit of some forty years of study. meanwhile, it has become a standard reference for botanical
terminology highly praised by the scientific community
and available in a second, enlarged edition, which was
also taken care of by GW. as explicitly stated in the subtitle “Die termini in ihrem historischen Zusammenhang”
[the terms in their historical context], this dictionary is
at the same time a major contribution to the history of
biology in general. the thoroughness of GW’s approach
may be illustrated by a simple figure – no fewer than 109
printed pages are dedicated to the bibliography containing several thousand references going back to the year
1542. short biographies of a considerable number of
biologists followed from GW’s pen for several projects,
like the Lexikon der bedeutenden Naturwissenschaftler.
on the other hand, he continued to publish on Cardueae
and wrote the account of Globulariaceae for The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants as well as papers on
technical terms. His analysis of the German term “ansalben”, often used in the floristic literature, may act to
exemplify the breadth of his knowledge – he could prove
that it goes back to a line in alessandro manzoni’s novel
I Promessi Sposi first published in milan in 1840 – 1842.
several nomenclatural proposals co-authored by GW also
appeared during this period of his life – earlier, i.e. in the
period following the Xi international Botanical congress
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153
in seattle in 1969, he had been a member of one of the
permanent nomenclature committees, the committee for
spermatophyta, and subsequently kept an interest in the
evolution of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (which became, in 2011, the International Code
of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants).
in agreement with German tradition, GW maintained
a room at his institute, by then renamed albrecht-vonHaller-institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, and came in
almost daily. later, GW was unfortunately moved to a
much smaller room in the basement, where he received
guests and where some of his books and journals found
shelter. He continued to enjoy the old Botanic Garden
(Fig. 1), and he continued to collect the biographical data
on various botanists, write book reviews and act as a reviewer for projects or manuscripts to be published. the
Göttingen academy and the meetings held there, which
he had regularly attended over the years, became more
important to him now than ever before, including the famous nachsitzungen [suppers after a meeting] at the seat
of the academy at theatergasse 7 along with the informal
gatherings of his colleagues there. and GW continued to
enjoy the pros of his life as an emeritus in Göttingen –
its dense network of book shops, concerts, sUB and its
perfect bibliographical service as well as the exhibitions
held there and, not to be forgotten, the delicious sweets
of cron & lanz, another Göttingen institution, where the
authors met GW on a few occasions.
The final years
losing his beloved wife ruth first to dementia and then
to death on 31 July 2007 must have been an extremely
bitter experience for GW, but he still had the strength
and energy to continue. He published a revision of the
genus Centaurea in iraq, a brief introduction to botanical illustration, and contributed to a substantial paper on
the history of research in Compositae. always interested in the botanical exploration of his home region, i.e.
the land Brandenburg, in its historical dimension, GW
summarized his many years of biographical and bibliographical research on this topic in a paper of 499 pages
that appeared in Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins
für Berlin und Brandenburg in 2010. it was during his
final years that GW focused his attention on the many letters written by carl ludwig Willdenow, the Prussian linnaeus, which are still extant in various archives, notably
in scandinavia. He transcribed them, summarized their
content and provided, together with the first author, an introduction, biographical account, commentary and index,
all published in Annals for the History and Philosophy of
Sciences on no fewer than 291 pages. Willdenow was also
the subject of GW’s last lecture given outside Göttingen
– at a meeting of the Botanischer Verein für Berlin und
Brandenburg (BVBB) in Berlin. as always, he spoke in
his clear Potsdam intonation, free of any influence taken
up during his many years in lower saxony.
154
GW was very happy with the families of his three sons,
including his ten grandchildren, and saw them regularly,
in Göttingen and elsewhere. He was also lucky in enjoying stable health for very many years. late in life GW
developed a lymphoma which progressed slowly, but in
its later stages made chemotherapy necessary. He coped
with the first course admirably and in the long subsequent
pause led an almost normal life. in his eighty-eighth year
he performed a vivid and lively lecture on Willdenow and
his letters at the Göttingen academy. However, GW felt
substantially weakened by the second course of chemotherapy, though he remained self-determined, in physical
and intellectual integrity, active, interested in the world
around him and even spoke on the telephone to both authors as late as early January 2017. in order to be nearer
to his eldest son, GW was transferred from Göttingen to
Geisenheim. His mind having been crystal clear until the
end, his body finally succumbed to pneumonia on 30 January 2017 in the st. Josef spital in rüdesheim am rhein.
on 10 February 2017 his sons and their families, friends,
pupils, colleagues, the current holder of GW’s chair, as
well as representatives from Göttingen University and
Göttingen academy gathered at the Junkerberg cemetery
in Göttingen to accompany Gerhard’s coffin and say farewell to him.
in several respects GW was an extraordinary man.
as a plant taxonomist, he possessed special qualifications, a fact very appropriately expressed by rechinger
who wrote in his eulogy published in the Wagenitz Festschrift of 1987: “rarely do we find united in a single
individual to such a high degree the intellectual and
personal characteristics indispensable for this branch of
study, like the capacity for critical observation, feeling
for forms, the ability to remember forms, the capacity
for concentration and abstraction, patience, consistency,
and last but not least also the capacity to express oneself
in writing and orally in a clear and concise manner”.
However, there was much more to GW than just a plant
taxonomist. kären nickelsen, then a student of the history of science and art at Göttingen University and now
a professor at munich University, who had met him in
the nineties, called GW in retrospect “an incredibly
knowledgeable, very approachable, vivid professor and
scientist, always in a good mood and full of humour”
with an enthusiasm which was “not only authentic but
contagious”. she characterized him as “very generous
with his time, his advice, ready to share ideas” and
noted that GW knew “the delicate art to enrich in content, to guide occasionally, but let sufficient space for
diverging views, to mark his own limits, beyond which
the opinions of others should be looked for”. indeed a
very appropriate statement. as a lecturer, GW spoke
insistently and knew well how to limit himself to the
key points of the argument. Very rightly rechinger had
noted already that “far-flung theories and speculations
are strange to him [GW] just like nice phrases and the
use of buzzwords”, it was his “unerring objectiveness”
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lack & Wissemann: Gerhard Wagenitz (1927 – 2017)
which for decades had brought GW according to rechinger the “unlimited appreciation” in the circles of the
initiated. at the same time GW possessed a profound
knowledge of the complex way in which knowledge in
botany developed – not just over the last years but over
the last four centuries. For him botany was more than
knowledge about plants, but included also all facts on
how, when and by whom this knowledge had been collected. this made him one of the few experts in this
field; although several of his pertinent publications have
Göttingen as their geographical focus, his approach was
always much broader. in short, GW’s fame resulted
almost exclusively from his publications and his oral
presentations – not from funds raised, not from organizations founded or chaired, not from congresses organized, not from publicity gained in the media.
as a scientist GW was honoured by having being
elected corresponding member of the senckenbergische
naturforschende Gesellschaft, honorary member of the
Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft, of the BVBB and the
moskovskoe obščestvo ispytatelij prirody. in 1979 he was
chosen as recipient of the Willdenow medal of the BGBm.
For a list of eponyms see Wissemann & lack (2016).
in agreement with his will, GW’s estate went to his
sons. His scientific correspondence, diaries, manuscripts,
drawings and a small number of exceptional and rare
books were bequeathed to the sUB, where he had spent
so many happy hours chasing rare items and reading.
Based on GW’s testament, Jürgen, karsten and Uwe
Wagenitz decided to donate almost the entire remaining
part of GW’s botanical library to the BGBm, where it has
meanwhile been received. the Göttingen academy has
agreed to permanently host the electronic files of GW’s
extensive collection of biographies, almost exclusively of
botanists, a project still in progress.
Epilogue
GW was clearly one of those increasingly rare individuals
who possessed an extremely broad spectrum of interests,
knowledge and qualifications. in addition, he possessed
a distinct and high profile, basing his judgements largely
on experience and competence, not on empty words. GW
was remarkably well read, with a focus on German literature; the first author will not forget, for example, how
they laughed together about the lack of a Göttingen audience’s response to “bras dessus, bras dessous” in Hugo
von Hoffmannsthal’s comedy Der Schwierige. in an exemplary way, GW was at the same time a man of culture
and intellect, wisdom and humour, always tactful and
polite, with an encyclopaedic knowledge ready to share
it with all who were genuinely interested. His soberness
and a certain undemanding nature may have been a reflection of his meagre post-war years. in a sense it was
very appropriate therefore that GW’s sons selected for
the death notice a rather technical pen-and-ink drawing
of a flowering-head of Centaurea triumfettii, originally
Willdenowia 48 – 2018
drawn by his long-time scientific assistant Ursula Hofmann (†), from GW’s book plate as decoration together
with an excerpt from rainer maria rilke’s immortal
lines Herbst, here quoted in translation (Fall) by Guntram Deichsel:
“the leaves are falling, falling as from far […]
We all are falling. this hand falls, as it extends.
and take a look at others. it’s in them all.
and yet there’s one, holding this fall
With endless gentleness in both his hands.”
Note
this obituary is based on (1) miscellaneous recollections
for the years c. 1931 – 1964 noted down by GW, which
remain unpublished and have been deposited in the manuscript collection of the sUB with copies in the archive
of the Botanic Garden and Botanical museum Berlin; (2)
his autobiographical paper “erinnerungen an die Botanik
in Berlin nach 1945 und an theo eckardt” (see bibliography); and (3) conversations held with the first author
over a period of 33 years and the second author over a
period of 22 years. in addition, the annual reports of the
Botanic Garden and Botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem,
published in Willdenowia, have been found very helpful.
For other sources see Bioprofile.
all translations from German are by the authors.
Acknowledgements
thanks are due to P. Hiepko (Potsdam) and k. nickelsen
(munich) for sharing their recollections of GW with us.
a preliminary version of this text was read by J. compton
(tilbury), n. kilian, e. lack and r. Vogt (all Berlin).
Bioprofile
rechinger k. H. 1987: Gerhard Wagenitz zum sechzigsten Geburtstag. – Bot. Jahrb. syst. 108: 143 – 153.
Wissemann V. & lack H. W. 2017: “in communal
joy towards all that is alive” – Gerhard Wagenitz
(1927 – 2017). – taxon 66: 1003 – 1007.
Wissemann V. & lack H. W. 2018: “in der gemeinsamen
Freude an allem lebendigem” – Gerhard Wagenitz
(1927 – 2017). – Jahrb. akad. Wiss. Göttingen 2017:
in press.
Publications of Gerhard Wagenitz
1953: Über die Zuverlässigkeit des nachweises der
kornblume (Centaurea cyanus l.) in der späteiszeit.
– naturwissenschaften 40: 249.
1955: Pollenmorphologie und systematik in der Gattung
Centaurea l. s.l. – Flora 142: 213 – 279.
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155
— Über die Änderung der Pollengröße von Getreiden
durch verschiedene ernährungsbedingungen. – Ber.
Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 68: 297 – 302.
1956: Die Formen des arzneibaldrians in mitteldeutschland. – Hess. Florist. Briefe 5(51): 2 – 3.
— Die Gattung Psammogeton edgew. (Umbelliferae). –
Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 69: 227 – 238.
— Pollenmorphologie der mitteleuropäischen Valerianaceen. – Flora 143: 473 – 485.
1957: Zur Gattung Lepyrodiclis Fenzl (Caryophyllaceae). – ann. naturhist. mus. Wien 61: 74 – 77.
— Zur Bestimmung der kleinarten des arzneibaldrians
(Valeriana officinalis l. s.l.). – Wiss. Z. Univ. Halle,
math.-nat. reihe 6: 927 – 928.
1958: Die Gattung Myopordon Boiss. (Composita – Cynareae). – Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 71: 271 – 277.
1959: neue und bemerkenswerte chenopodiaceen inneranatoliens. – Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 72: 151 – 158.
— Die systematische stellung der Rubiaceae. ein Beitrag zum system der sympetalen. – Bot. Jahrb. syst.
79: 17 – 35.
1960: Bestimmungsschlüssel für die Gattungen der Compositae. – Pp. 687 – 695 in: encke, F. (ed.), Pareys
Blumengärtnerei 2. – Berlin: P. Parey.
— Joseph Bornmüller, 1862 – 1948. – Willdenowia 2:
343–360.
— Centaurea sieheana spec. nov. aus dem taurus – Gebirge. – Willdenowia 2: 410 – 416.
— Über einige arten der Gattung Centaurea aus der
türkei. – Willdenowia 2: 456 – 468.
— Centaurea l. sect. Cynaropsis, eine neue sektion der
Gattung aus Vorderasien. – Willdenowia 2: 469 – 494.
1962: Die Gattung Oligochaeta (Dc.) c. koch (Compositae – Cynareae). – Veröff. Geobot. inst. etH,
stift. rübel 37: 315 – 329.
— Compositae: Centaurea. – Årbok Univ. Bergen, mat.
– nat. ser. 1962, no. 1: 52 – 55.
1963: [“1962”] Pflanzen von der orientreise tourneforts
im Herbar Willdenow in Berlin. – Willdenowia 3:
109 – 136.
— [“1962”]: Zur kenntnis der Flora und Vegetation anatoliens (ergebnisse einer reise im Herbst 1957). –
Willdenowia 3: 221 – 288.
— Die eingliederung der “Phaeopappus”-arten in
das system von Centaurea. – Bot. Jahrb. syst. 82:
137 – 215.
— nutzhölzer. – Berlin: Botanisches museum BerlinDahlem.
— Verwendung des Holzes. – Berlin: Botanisches museum Berlin-Dahlem.
1964: Thymelaeales, Ebenales, Oleales, Gentianales,
Dipsacales, Campanulales. – Pp. 316 – 322, 396 – 424,
472 – 497 in: melchior H. (ed.), a. englers syllabus
der Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 12, 2. – Berlin-nikolassee:
Borntraeger.
— Compositae. – in: Hegi, illustrierte Flora von mitteleuropa, ed. 2, 6 (3): 1 – 80. – münchen: c. Hanser.
156
— [“1963”] taxonomie und evolutionsforschung im Bereich höherer kategorien. – Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges.
76: (91) – (97).
— Zur nomenklatur zweier europäischer arten der Gattung Aster l. (“Aster trinervis Desf.” und “A. cinereus
korsh.”). – Bot. Jahrb. syst. 83: 327 – 329.
1965: (Buchheim G. & –): Proposal to conserve the generic name Filago l. – regnum Veg. 34: 61 – 62.
— Zur systematik und nomenklatur einiger arten von
Filago l. emend. Gaertn. sect. Filago (“Filago germanica” – Gruppe). – Willdenowia 4: 37 – 59.
— Compositae. – in: Hegi, illustrierte Flora von mitteleuropa, ed. 2, 6 (3): 81 – 160. – münchen: c. Hanser.
1966: Die sektion Evacopsis der Gattung Filago (Compositae – Inuleae) im westlichen mittelmeergebiet. –
Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 79: 336 – 342.
— Compositae. – in: Hegi, illustrierte Flora von mitteleuropa, ed. 2, 6 (3): 161 – 240. – münchen: c. Hanser.
1967: Betrachtungen über die artenzahlen der Pflanzen
und tiere. – sitzungsber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin
n. F. 7: 79 – 93.
1968: Filago desertorum Pomel und F. hurdwarica (Dc.)
Wagenitz, zwei verkannte arten der “Filago germanica” – Gruppe aus nordafrika, Vorder- und Zentralasien. – Willdenowia 4: 283 – 298.
— Weitere Beiträge zur kenntnis der Gattung Filago
(Compositae – Inuleae). – Willdenowia 5: 55 – 66.
— Compositae. – in: Hegi, illustrierte Flora von mitteleuropa, ed. 2, 6 (3): 241–320. – münchen: c. Hanser.
1969: abgrenzung und Gliederung der Gattung Filago l. s.l. (Compositae–Inuleae). – Willdenowia 5:
395 – 444.
1970: Über die Verbreitung einiger Filago-arten. – Feddes repert. 81: 107 – 117.
— a key to the species of Filago l. s.l. (Compositae)
in Palestine with notes on the distribution. – israel J.
Bot. 19: 260 – 265.
— Die Gattung Filago l. s.l. (Compositae – Inuleae) in
der Ägäis. – Willdenowia 6: 115 – 137.
— (Hamann, U. & –): Bibliographie zur Flora von mitteleuropa. – münchen: c. Hanser.
1971: Die Gattung Filago (Filzkraut) in niedersachsen. –
Göttinger Florist. rundbr. 5: 3 – 5.
— Centaurea pseudocadmea, eine neue art der sektion
Phalolepis aus Griechenland. – ann. naturhist. mus.
Wien 75: 243 – 247.
— Zur taxonomischen stellung und nomenklatur von
Micropus longifolius (Compositae – Inuleae). – Österr.
Bot. Z. 119: 399 – 403.
1972: Das Herrenhäuser Herbar in Göttingen. – taxon
21: 287 – 289.
— Beiträge zur kenntnis der Gattung Centaurea l. 1.
Zur taxonomie türkischer arten der sektionen Acrolophus und Acrocentron. – Willdenowia 6: 479 – 508.
— Grisebach, august Heinrich rudolf. – Pp. 546 – 547
in: Gillispie c. c. (ed.), Dictionary of scientific Biography 5. – new York: charles scribner’s sons.
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lack & Wissemann: Gerhard Wagenitz (1927 – 2017)
1973: Zur Flora von Baltrum. – Göttinger Florist. rundbr.
7: 3 – 9.
1974: Parallele evolution von merkmalen in der Gattung
Centaurea. – Phyton 16: 301 – 312.
— Centaurea (Beiträge zur kenntnis der Gattung Centaurea l. 2.) – notes roy. Bot. Gard. edinburgh 33:
217 – 231.
1975: Blütenreduktion als ein zentrales Problem der
angiospermen-systematik. – Bot. Jahrb. syst. 96:
448 – 470.
— Floristic connections between the Balkan peninsula
and the near east as exemplified by the genus Centaurea. – Pp. 223 – 228 in: Problems of Balkan Flora and
Vegetation. – sofia: Bulgarian academy of sciences.
— Amberboa, Mantisalca, Oligochaeta, Centaurea. –
Pp. 461 – 462, 464 – 585 in: Davis P. H. (ed.), Flora of
turkey and the West aegean islands 5. – edinburgh:
edinburgh University Press.
1976: systematics and phylogeny of the Compositae
(Asteraceae). – Pl. syst. evol. 125: 29 – 46.
— Was ist eine achäne? Zur Geschichte eines karpologischen Begriffs. – candollea 31: 79 – 85.
— two species of the “Filago germanica” group (Compositae – Inuleae) in the United states. – sida 6:
221 – 223.
— Xanthium, Ambrosia, Erigeron, Conyza, Filago, Antennaria. – Pp. 534 – 535, 537 – 539, 549 – 550 in:
rothmaler W. (ed.) (fortgeführt von r. schubert & W.
Vent), exkursionsflora für die Gebiete der DDr und
der BrD 4. kritischer Band [ed. 4]. – Berlin: Volk
und Wissen.
1977: Zur Bestimmung der Leucanthemum-arten in
mitteleuropa nördlich der alpen. – Göttinger Florist.
rundbr. 10: 80 – 85.
— Geordnete mannigfaltigkeit – die systematische
abteilung. – Pp. 31–38 in: schultze-motel W., Zehn
spaziergänge im Botanischen Garten Berlin – Dahlem.
– Berlin: Botanischer Garten und Botanisches museum
Berlin-Dahlem.
— new aspects of the systematics of Asteridae. – Pl.
syst. evol. suppl. 1: 375 – 395.
— J. c. P. arckenhausen. illustrator botanischer Werke.
– Pp. 23 – 27 in: Griep H.-G., Ullrich H. & – (ed.):
Johann christian Peter arckenhausen. 1784 – 1855.
– Goslar: museumsverein Goslar (= Ullrich H. (ed.),
Goslarer künstler und kunsthandwerker 1).
— Hallers Bedeutung für die Botanik im Zeitalter linnés. – Pp. 26 – 31 in: albrecht von Haller. Zum 200.
todestag. – Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & ruprecht.
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— treviranus Gottfried reinhold. – neue Deutsche
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Willdenowia
open-access online edition www.bioone.org/loi/will
online issn 1868-6397 · Print issn 0511-9618 · impact factor 0.680
Published by the Botanic Garden and Botanical museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin
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