RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 84 287–343 (2015) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.84.2015.287-343 SUPPLEMENT Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: molluscs Richard C. Willan1, Clay Bryce2 and Shirley M. Slack-Smith2 1 Malacology Department, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, GPO Box 4646, Darwin, Northern Territory 0801, Australia. 2 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6989, Australia. * Email: richard.willan@nt.gov.au ABSTRACT – This paper is part of a series compiling data on the biodiversity of the shallow water (< 30 m) marine and estuarine flora and fauna of the Kimberley region of coastal northern Western Australia and adjacent offshore regions out to the edge of the Australian continental shelf (termed the ‘Kimberley Project Area’ throughout this series – see Sampey et al. 2014). This series of papers, which synthesise species level data accumulated by Australian museums to December 2008, serves as a baseline for future biodiversity surveys and to assist with future management decisions. This present paper deals with the molluscs of the classes Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda. The molluscs, the most numerically diverse of all of the groups analysed in the Project Area, comprise a total of 1,784 species. Given that (a) the present collation is tightly constrained in terms of locations sampled, depth ranges, dates and institutional databases, (b) there are many undersampled groups (perhaps the majority of families), and (c) the rate of species discovery for molluscs within the Project Area is rising at a rate of approximately 18% per year (according to two independent analyses outlined herein), it is predicted that the eventual total for the Project Area will exceed 5000 species. The molluscan fauna of the Project Area is almost entirely tropical in composition with almost no attenuation of numerical diversity southward, either inshore or offshore. Neither does any pronounced difference exist in numerical diversity across the shelf, despite only 25.32% of species being common to both inshore and offshore locales; the low percentage probably being due to inadequate sampling. A total of 183 species (10.28%) is endemic to Australian waters, with the majority of these endemics (9.32%) occurring only at inshore localities. KEYWORDS: baseline data, biodiversity, species inventory, natural history collections, northern Western Australia. INTRODUCTION This paper compiles the available data on the biodiversity of molluscs (classes Polyplacophora, Gast ropoda, Biva lv ia, Scaphopoda a nd Cephalopoda) for the waters of the Kimberley and areas offshore of northern Western Australia collected between 1900 and 2008 and housed in two Australian museums – the Western Australian Museum (WAM) and the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (MAGNT; formerly Northern Territory Museum). It is intended to serve as a baseline for future surveys and to assist with the formulation of management protocols and decisions. As explained in Sampey et al. (2014), the Kimberley Project Area (shortened hereafter to Project Area) (Figure 1) was defined by the coordinates: 19.00°S, 121.57°E; 19.00°S, 118.25°E; 12.00°S, 129.00°E; 12.00°S, 121.00°E. The coastline forms a natural inshore boundary from the Northern Territory border, along the Western Australian coast, to Cape Jaubert south of Broome. The irregular polygon created offshore stretches westward beyond the 1000 m bathymetric contour to include the edge atolls of the continental shelf (i.e. those from Hibernia Reef to Imperieuse Reef). The Project Area therefore encompasses an area, inshore but particularly offshore, far greater than what is considered as the ‘Kimberley’ proper (Wilson 2013). This Project Area encompasses seven of the northern Australian mesoscale bioregions recognised under the Interim Marine and Coastal Regionalisation of Australia (IMCRA) Bioregions (Commonwealth of Australia 2006): CambridgeBonaparte, Bonaparte Gulf, Kimberley, King R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 288 FIGURE 1 Location of historical records of molluscs in the Kimberley Project Area of Western Australia. The Project Area boundary is shown in grey. Map projection: GDA94. Scale 1: 6, 250,000. Sound, Canning, Oceanic Shoals and the North West Shelf bioregions. The Project Area, or at least the inshore and midshelf sections of it, also encompasses the northern half of the Western Australian Department of Fisheries North Coast (Pilbara/Kimberley) Aquatic Resources Bioregion, that extends from the Northern Territory border southwest to Onslow, and seaward to latitude 114.83° S (Fletcher and Santoro 2013). As explained in some detail in Wilson (2014), the first collections of molluscs that included biological specimens from the Project Area, were made by British explorers and surveyors. The first of these, in 1821–1822, was by Philip Parker King on H.M.C. Mermaid (later replaced by H.M.C. Bathurst). John Edward Gray of the British Museum reported a total of 111 species of marine molluscs collected on that expedition, but many of them were from the temperate waters of southern and southeastern Australia, so we cannot know what fraction might have originated from the Project Area. Some molluscs were collected during the expedition of H.M.S. Beagle (i.e. the third voyage) in 1837–1843, but again, any indications of which specimens were collected from the Project Area were rarely provided. British surveys of the Kimberley coast were continued by H.M.S. Penguin in 1890 and 1891, but the collections of sea shells were minimal. Around the same time in the late nineteenth century, the British biologist William Saville-Kent visited the Kimberley coast and studied intertidal rock oysters at the Lacepede Islands, King Sound and Roebuck Bay. In 1891 he described the mangrove associated oyster Ostrea ordensis [now probably a synonym of Planostrea pestigris] from Cambridge Gulf. It was not until early in the twentieth century that marine scientists visited the Kimberley coast with the express purpose of studying marine habitats and their entire biota. Dr Eric Mjöberg from Sweden visited northern Australia twice during 1910–1913 as part of his study of the fauna of (then) little known regions of the country. His collecting sites for molluscs within the Project Area were the shores around Broome and the pearling grounds off Cape Jaubert, 130 km southwest of Broome. Nils Odhner reported on the molluscs collected during these expeditions (Odhner 1917), documenting a total of 219 species of marine molluscs from the Mjöberg collection. That collection resides in the Swedish State Museum in Stockholm. KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS 289 Herbert Basedow, a geologist from Adelaide, journeyed in the western Kimberley including the Buccaneer Archipelago, in 1916 aboard the cutter Rita. Incidental to the geological objectives of his expedition, Basedow made a collection of shells, which he sent to Charles Hedley at the Australian Museum. A taxonomic list of this material, including descriptions of some new species, was published in Basedow’s narrative of the expedition (Hedley 1918). Hubert Lyman Clark, an American zoologist specialising in echinoderms, spent two months in the Broome area during 1929. His own collecting was supplemented by material obtained from pearling grounds between Cape Leveque and Wallal, 190 km to the northeast of Broome. He was assisted in this collecting activity by Bernard Bardwell, a master pearler and amateur shell collector. A large personal collection of shells assembled by Mr Bardwell and his wife Beresford, mainly from the Canning Bioregion, but including some specimens from the Kimberley and King Sound Bioregions, was purchased by the National Museum of Victoria in the early 1960s. A few shells from that collection (of the species Astele monile (see Figure 3D), Clanculus atropurpureus, Euchelus dampierensis, Mitra variabilis, Arca avellana and Arca navicularis) were donated to the Northern Territory Museum in June 1976 by Brian Smith, then Curator of Molluscs at the National Museum of Victoria, to form the nucleus of the Northern Territory Museum’s fledgling mollusc reference collection. Virginia Orr Maes, of The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, spent several weeks in Broome in 1958 collecting marine molluscs. Interestingly, the type material of the species Strombus urceus orrae (presently Canarium urceus orrae) described by R. Tucker Abbott and named after Orr Maes, had been collected from the Project Area by Bernard Bardwell (Abbott 1960: 67). The type specimen, collected at Augustus Island, is deposited in The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Over the last fifty years, staff from natural science departments in both WAM and MAGNT (plus staff from related government departments and interested ‘amateurs’) have been actively collecting molluscs in the Project Area. The knowledge thus obtained has supplemented the initial checklist of 440 species of shallow water marine ‘prosobranch’ molluscs compiled by Wells (1980). The WAM published a systematic list of marine molluscs from the Mitchell Plateau sector of the northern Kimberley coastal area, based on visits to the Institut Islands, Cape Voltaire and Admiralty Gulf in 1976 (Wells 1981; Wells and Slack-Smith 1981). Wells and Slack-Smith (1986) reported on preliminary surveys of the molluscan fauna of the Rowley Shoals, Scott and Seringapatam Reefs undertaken by WAM between 1982 and 1984; as did workers on other groups. Fred Wells subsequently collected additional molluscan material during visits to islands of the Kimberley Bioregion in 1988 (Wells 1989a, 1990) and later reported on the molluscs collected during a survey of the margins of the mainland Kimberley coast and adjacent islands in 1991 (Wells 1992). Bryce (1997) reported on the molluscs from the central Kimberley coast. Wells and Allen (2005) reported on the diversity of molluscs (and corals and fishes) collected on expeditions (funded by Conservation International (Washington D.C., U.S.A.) to eight inshore and coastal locations within the Project Area, comparing them with those from the eastern Indian Ocean and the ‘Coral Triangle’. Willan (2005) collated information on the molluscs collected during the Northern Territory Museum’s expeditions to the emergent reefs on the northernmost part of the Sahul Shelf – Cartier Island and Hibernia Reef (in May 1992), and Ashmore Reef (in September 1996). Rosser et al. (2014) reported on the macromolluscs collected in the intertidal zones of the Browse Island reef complex and the fringing reefs of the Maret, Albert, Berthier and Montalivet Island groups made between 2005 and 2007. Many marine molluscs from the Project Area, both shelled and shell-less species, are included and illustrated in popular books by Wilson and Gillett (1971), Wells and Bryce (1986, 1988, 1993) and Wilson (1993, 1994). METHODS For this Kimberley Historical Project, data for marine and estuarine molluscs from the intertidal zone to a depth of 30 m were sourced from registered specimen records from WAM and MAGNT, plus published and unpublished books and reports written by experienced molluscan workers (Berry 1986, 1993; Wells 1989a; Morgan 1992; Wilson 1993, 1994; Wells et al. 1995; Walker et al. 1996; Bryce et al. 1997; Walker 1997; Willan 2005; Bryce 2009). As such, they represent the observed records of species in the Project Area, but by no means all species occurring there. Full methodological details relating to the decision regarding which species to include in the initial compilation for this list are provided in Sampey et al. (2014). Decisions concerning data cleansing and dataset limitations are also discussed at length by Sampey et al. (2014). Briefly, data from both institutions were collated into a single database and the provenance details verified. The data were derived from 145 locations; 137 inshore and 8 offshore. The locations of specimen records were mapped using ARCGIS v9 R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 290 and ArcMap v9.3. This initial compilation for the molluscs was reduced by 59 species by the senior author because of obvious mislocalisations (e.g. the southern Australian temperate cone snail Conus anemone was included in the initial compilation), synonymies (e.g. both names Melo ashmorensis and M. cf. aethiopica were included in the initial compilation, even though they relate to the same species), misidentifications (e.g. the Indonesian/ Philippino volute Cymbiola vespertilio was included in the initial compilation), or not being exclusively marine (e.g. the freshwater molluscs Gabbia smithi and Corbiculina australis were included in the initial compilation). The surveys on which these specimens were obtained represent medium collecting effort on the scale of survey intensity. None of them approached the massive collecting effort undertaken by the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, two decades ago. That survey involved approximately 400 person days collecting at 42 discrete stations on the western coast of New Caledonia (Bouchet et al. 2002). Finally, to achieve a nomenclatorial standard across time, all species names have been updated (as of 31 December 2014) to match those appearing on the website World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS 2014). Some of the names shown as ‘accepted’ on that website, at that date, were considered to be incorrect when they were either unsubstantiated subjective synonyms or had been created/changed/checked by a non-specialist (Cerithiidae, Turritellidae and Columbellidae being examples). However, that website is generally regarded as being the only global standard checklist for scientific names for marine animals at this time. The WoRMS website also presents something of a global standard for the authorities and dates of taxa. However, we have deviated from that website in that we cite authorities for 13 species that were described by the German-born botanist, Georg Eberhard Rumphius. While employed by the Dutch East India Company, Rumphius travelled extensively in the area now known as eastern Indonesia and described and lavishly figured many marine animals in his magnum opus Amboinsche Rariteitkamer (Amboina Curiosity Cabinet) (Rumphius 1705). This work has been deemed unusable by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, as inconsistently binominal, with the new names it contained being invalid. References to several of Rumphius’ species with binominal, and thus valid, names first appeared in the catalogue of the Portland Museum, Dorset, England, a document constructed to assist in the sale of a collection from the Portland Museum, following the death of its owner Lady Margaret Cavendish Bentinck, the Second Duchess of Portland (1714–1785). While that document did not contain any indication of authorship, it is generally accepted that it was compiled by the Reverend John Lightfoot – the chaplain, librarian and mentor to the Duchess, and an accomplished botanist and conchologist (Kay 1965, Dance 1966, Bebbington 1974). Therefore, in accordance with Recommendation 51D of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999), we follow the ruling which states “If the name of a taxon was (or is deemed to have been) established anonymously, the term “Anon” may be used as though it was the name of the authors. However, if the authorship is known or inferred from external evidence, the name of the author, if cited, should be enclosed in square brackets to show the original anonymity.” The authority for these names in our list (i.e. Lambis truncata, Sinustrombus sinuatus, Pterynotus elongatus, Mitra incompta, Colubraria muricata, Melo amphora, Conus quercinus, Dolabella auricularia, Umbraculum umbraculum, Cucullata labiata, Geloina erosa, Brechites attrahens, Argonauta hians) is therefore given as ‘([Lightfoot], 1786)’. TABLE 1 Habitat Codes assigned to molluscs in the Kimberley Project Area historical dataset. Code Description E Adult occurring in estuarine and/or brackish waters. EP Epiphytic species (i.e. one associated externally with a species of marine plant (either an alga or a vascular plant). EnZ Endozoic species (i.e. one living internally within another species of animal). EZ Epizoic species (i.e. one associated externally with another species of animal). H Species associated with hard substrates (e.g. rock, coral, large coral rubble). M Adult occurring in mangrove habitats. P Permanently pelagic species occurring in the water column. Includes both planktonic and nektonic species. S Species associated with soft substrates (e.g. sand, mud, fine coral rubble). SM Species tightly associated with seagrass meadows. U Habitat of this species unknown. KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS TABLE 2 291 Biogeographical codes assigned to molluscs in the Kimberley Project Area historical dataset. Codes marked with an asterisk (*) indicate the species is considered endemic to Australia. These Australian endemic species are demarcated further in Appendix 1; those that occur only inshore are coded ‘in’, those that occur both inshore and in offshore waters are coded ‘in/off’ and those that occur only in offshore waters are coded ‘off’. Code Description C Circumglobal species. Occurring in all oceans, in both/either tropical and temperate waters. IA Indo-Australian (= tropical Western Pacific) species. Occurring in tropical northern Australian and (at least) Indonesian waters; may also extend to Philippine Archipelago and (southern) Japan. Presence in Kimberley Project Area represents its only occurrence in the south-eastern Indian Ocean. IO Indian Ocean species. Biogeographic range restricted to Indian Ocean. IWP Indo-West Pacific species. Biogeographic range extends widely into both Indian Ocean (and possibly as far as the Red Sea) and tropical Pacific Oceans. NA* Northern Australian endemic species. Biogeographic range centered in tropical northern Australia; distribution either long or narrow. SA* Southern Australian endemic species. Biogeographic range centered in temperate southern Australia; distribution either long or narrow. U Biogeographical affinity of this species unknown. WA* Western Australian endemic species. Biogeographic range either long or narrow, but restricted to Western Australia only. This list is arranged phylogenetically. The subclades, all of which are unranked and change almost every decade, are those presently appearing in influential contemporary works (e.g. Bouchet and Rocroi 2005; Bieler et al. 2014). They are arranged in the following sequence: Major clade (class) Polyplacophora: major subclade Neoloricata. Major clade (class) Gastropoda: major subclades Pa t e l l o g a s t r o p o d a , Ve t i g a s t r o p o d a , Neritomorpha, Sorbeoconcha, Neogastropoda and Heterobranchia. Major clade (class) Bivalvia: major subclades Protobranchia, Pteriomorphia, Palaeoheterodonta, Arch i heterodont ia, Anomalodesmata and Imparidentia. Major clade (class) Scaphopoda: major subclades Dentaliida and Gadiliida. Major clade (class) Cephalopoda: major subclades Nautiloidea, Sepioidea, Teuthoidea and Octopoda. Within these 19 major subclades, the families are listed alphabetically. Within families the genera and species are also listed alphabetically. Throughout this series, ‘inshore’ refers to locations along the coast, plus islands and reefs located shoreward of the 50 m depth contour. ‘Offshore’ refers to the shelf edge atolls, which arise from deeper waters along the continental margin. Each species has a habitat code assigned to it (Table 1). These codes, which are related to macrohabitats (i.e. substratum type and lifestyle), were derived from the Australian Faunal Directory (ABRS 2014) together with the knowledge of the authors. A single species may exploit several habitats and therefore may have multiple codes. Similarly, a biogeographic code is assigned to each species (Table 2). These codes, relating to biogeographic affinities, were derived from the Australian Faunal Directory (ABRS 2014) and from the personal knowledge of the authors. Because of their significance for biogeography, it is important to distinguish those species of molluscs that are endemic to Australian waters (i.e. those waters above the Australian R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 292 Continental Shelf) and their distributional ranges. Therefore, their different biogeographic affinities are distinguished as follows: (a) Those endemic species that occur only in inshore waters are coded ‘in’; (b) Those endemic species that occur in both inshore and offshore waters are coded ‘in/off’; (c) Those endemic species that occur only in offshore waters are highlighted in yellow ‘off’. The cut-off date for changes to this list was 31 December 2014. The final list appears in Appendix 1. RESULTS A total of 11,551 registered specimen lots was included in the dataset (9,743 from WAM and 1,808 from MAGNT). The oldest specimen record used in this dataset dates from 1886 (housed at WAM) and is that of Pinctada margaritifera (from Broome). As indicated in the Introduction, the molluscan dataset has been derived from 145 locations within the Project Area – 137 inshore and eight offshore (Figure 1). The five inshore locations with the highest number of species (in descending order) were Broome (487 species), Vansittart Bay (178 species), Sunday Island (172 species), Port Warrender (144 species) and Montalivet Island (147 species), and 10 inshore locations had only a single species recorded. The five offshore locations with the highest number of species recorded were (in descending order) Ashmore Reef (727 species), Cartier Island (559 species), Scott Reef (445 species), Hibernia Reef (338 species) and Seringapatam Reef (283 species), and the location with the lowest number of species recorded was Imperieuse Reef (10 species). A total of 1,784 species was accepted into the dataset (see above). These species represent 209 families, of which the most speciose are Conidae sensu stricto (84 species, or 4.71% of the total), Muricidae (excluding Coralliophilidae and Typhididae) (72 species, 4.04%), Veneridae (66 species, 3.70%), Cypraeidae (65 species, 3.65%), Mitridae (60 species, 3.37%), Costellariidae (54 species, 3.03%), Tellinidae (49 species, 2.75%), Cerithiidae (44 species, 2.47%), Trochidae sensu stricto (41 species, 2.30%), Chromodorididae (40 species, 2.24%), Terebridae (38 species, 2.13%), Pectinidae (36 species, 2.02%), Nassariidae (33 species, 1.85%), and Mytilidae (30 species, 1.68%). Conversely, 61 families (29.33% of all families) are represented by only a single species (Lepidopleuridae, Ischnochitonidae, Callistoplacidae, Patellidae, Nacellidae, Solariellidae, Colloniidae, Neritopsidae, Phenacolepadidae, Scaliolidae, Plesiotrochidae, Modulidae, Truncatellidae, Iravadiidae, Caecidae, S eraph sidae, Capu l idae, Tr ic hot roph idae, Atlantidae, Cerithiopsidae, Typhididae, Borsoniidae, Clavatulidae, Mitromorphidae, Diaphanidae, Retusidse, Philinidae, Gastropteridae, Caliphyllidae, Umbraculidae, Creseidae, Hexabra nch idae, Triophidae, Tritoniidae, Bornellidae, Scyllaeidae, Arminidae, Madrellidae, Zephyrinidae, Aeolidiidae, Fionidae, Solemyidae, Nuculidae, Nuculanidae, Cu c u l l a e id a e, L i m o p s id a e, Un g u l i n id a e, Kelliidae, Solecurtidae, Cyrenidae, Hiatellidae, Myochamidae, Cleidothaeridae, Laternulidae, Pulsellidae, Laevidentaliidae, Nautilidae, Spirulidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae, and Argonautidae). FIGURE 2 Habitats of all species of molluscs recorded in the Kimberley Project Area historical dataset partitioned according to location on the continental shelf. A, species recorded inshore; B, species recorded offshore. See Table 3 for habitat codes. KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS TABLE 3 293 Results summarising habitat type for mollusc species recorded in the Kimberley Project Area historical dataset (see Appendix 1). Many species utilise several different habitats and are represented in multiple habitat counts separated by a forward slash (/) as in the List (e.g. H/EZ indicates that the species occurs on hard substrates in general and has an epizoic lifestyle in particular). Habitat distribution (Code) Inshore Sites Offshore Sites Hard (H) 567 614 Mixed Hard/Estuarine (H/E) 4 0 Mixed Hard/Epiphytic (H/EP) 2 3 Mixed Hard/Epizoic (H/EZ) 30 36 Mixed Hard/Endozoic (H/EnZ) 1 1 Mixed Hard/Soft (H/S) 224 248 Mixed Hard/Soft/Epizoic (H/S/EZ) 2 3 Mixed Hard/Mangroves (H/M) 1 1 Mixed Hard/Soft/Mangroves (H/S/M) 5 0 Soft (S) 295 110 Mixed Soft/Epizoic (S/EZ) 10 6 Mixed Soft/Endozoic (S/EnZ) 0 2 Mixed Soft/Mangroves (S/M) 15 2 Mangroves (M) 24 1 Mixed Mangroves/Epiphytic (M/EP) 3 0 Mixed Seagrass Meadow/Epiphytic (SM/EP) 0 1 Pelagic (P) 3 9 Total 1,186 1,037 TABLE 4 Results summarising biogeographical affinity of mollusc species recorded in the Kimberley Project Area historical dataset (see Appendix 1). Species with distributions marked by an asterisk (*) are considered endemic to Australian waters. These Australian endemic species are demarcated further in Appendix 1; those that occur only inshore are coded ‘in’, those that occur both inshore and in offshore waters are coded ‘in/off’ and those that occur only in offshore waters are coded ‘off’. Biogeographic Region (Code) Inshore Sites Offshore Sites Circumglobal (C) 3 4 Indo-Australian (IA) 229 145 Indian Ocean (IO) 5 5 Indo-West Pacific (IWP) 653 780 Northern Australian (NA)* 73 7 Southern Australian (SA)* 44 5 Western Australian (WA)* 64 7 Unknown 115 84 Total 1,186 1,037 R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 294 A D F B E C H FIGURE 3 A B C D E F G H G Shelled molluscs representative of the biogeographical groups represented in the Kimberley Project Area historical dataset. Trochus maculatus (Trochidae), representative of the Indo-West Pacific group, occurs both inshore and offshore. Shell height 36.5 mm. Hybochelus cancellatus (Chilodontidae), representative of the Indo-Australian group, occurs only inshore. Shell height 20.0 mm. Homalopoma sp. 1 (Colloniidae), representative of both a species with unknown affinity and of the micromolluscs, occurs only inshore. Shell height 2.2 mm. Astele monile (Calliostomatidae), representative of the northern Australian endemic group, occurs only inshore. This specimen, that was collected by Bernard Bardwell at Broome about 1955, is in the collection of MAGNT. Shell height 20.5 mm. Amoria ellioti (Volutidae), representative of the Western Australian endemic group, occurs only inshore. Shell height 70.0 mm. Bulla quoyii (Bullidae), representative of the southern Australian endemic group [also in northern New Zealand], occurs only inshore. Shell height 27.4 mm. Echinolittorina reticulata (Littorinidae), representative of the Indian Ocean group, occurs only offshore. Shell height 10.2 mm. Turritriton labiosus (Ranellidae), representative of the circumglobal group, occurs both inshore and offshore. Shell height 16.9 mm. KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS 295 For clarity, the biogeographic relationships, from the largest to the smallest components, are treated separately in terms of their numbers of species. The first four components are relatively large (i.e. greater than 10%), whereas the last two components are very small (i.e. less than 1%): • The majority of species are considered to be widely distributed across the tropical IndoWest Pacific marine biogeographic realm (1,433 species, or 80.37%) (Table 4, Figures 3A, 4, Appendix 1); • Indo-Australian (= tropical Western Pacific) species (374 species, or 20.98%) (Table 4, Figures 3B, 4, Appendix 1); FIGURE 4 Biogeographic affinity of all species of molluscs recorded in the Kimberley Project Area historical dataset. See Table 4 for biogeographic codes. Over half of the recorded species (1,186 species, or 66.52%) are so far known from inshore waters, while 1,037 species (58.16%) are known from offshore waters. The remaining 25.24% (450 species) were recorded from both inshore and offshore regions. Based on the collated habitat preferences of those species recorded from either only inshore or only offshore waters, the majority of species utilise hard substrata (1,595 species, or 89.46%). A significantly smaller number of species utilise soft substrata (779 species, or 43.69%). Even fewer utilise both hard and soft substrata (378 species, or 21.20%). There are 71 (3.98%) epizoic species, 4 (0.22%) endozoic species, and 6 (0.34%) epiphytic species. There is no endophytic species recorded. There are 52 (2.92%) mangrove specialists. There are 15 (0.84%) permanently pelagic species. There is only one species (0.06%) tightly associated with seagrass meadows – Smaragdia souverbiana. The majority of both inshore and offshore species favour hard substrates (i.e. 567 versus 614 species, respectively) (Table 3, Figure 2). In contrast, more than double the number of inshore species favour soft substrata than do offshore species (i.e. 295 versus 110, respectively) (Table 3, Figure 2). Not surprisingly, there are significantly more inshore species inhabiting either mangroves exclusively or mixed soft substrata and mangroves. Conversely, the number of permanently pelagic species offshore is triple that of inshore species (i.e. 9 versus 3) (Table 3, Figure 2). • Species whose biogeographic affi nit y is presently unknown, having not yet been determined with certainty (199 species, or 11.16%) (Table 4, Figures 3C, 4, Appendix 1); • Species endemic to Australian waters (200 species, or 11.10%) (Table 4, Figures 3D,E,F, 4, Appendix 1); • Species whose range is considered to be restricted to the Indian Ocean (10 species, or 0.56%) (Table 4, Figures 3C, 4, Appendix 1); • Circumglobal species (7 species, or 0.39%) (Table 4, Figures 3G, 4, Appendix 1). DISCUSSION The data herein presented, albeit limited by the project constraints of date range and funding, represent the current state of molluscan knowledge for the waters enclosed within the Project Area. As such, they provide an important foundation for the scoping of future molluscan research and investigation. The total of 1,784 species of molluscs is greater numerically than that for any other group covered in these analyses but, although the total for this list is impressive, we consider it is well below the true level of molluscan biodiversity in the Project Area. This total is significantly below the total of 2,738 species known from one site in New Caledonia (Bouchet 2002), or the 3,000 species predicted for the Great Barrier Reef (Willan 2008), and even those totals are probably only about half of the real levels of diversity (Willan personal observation). The reasons for this prediction of, perhaps, 5,000 species of molluscs in the Project Area, are the limitations of the data set, undersampling, and under representation of family level taxa. Comments on the rate of species discovery are given separately below, followed by comments on the wider issues of habitats, biodiversity and biogeography in the Project Area. 296 Limitations of the data set. The present collation was tightly constrained in terms of the locations sampled, the limits of depth range (0–30 m), date range, Occupational Health and Safety regulations (i.e. no night diving), and participating institutions. In particular, it does not include any midshelf locations and indeed there are some other endemic, midshelf Western Australian species already known, although they occur below 30 m. Of the many examples of otherwise tropical Indo-West Pacific molluscs reported from the midshelf regions, we can cite just four of the most iconic species herein. The first is Thatcheria mirabilis, which Wells (1985) recorded from 348–508 m from 28 stations between 18.82°S, 116.83°E and 13.55°S, 122.90°E. The second is Typhis wellsi (Houart 1985) and the last two are Calliotectum dalli claydoni and C. tibiaeforme johnsoni (Wells 1989b). The present list (Appendix 1) spans collecting sites from the intertidal to 30 m depth, whereas the Project Area contains large, far deeper, areas including some basins that are greater than 100 m deep, such as 520 m depths in the vicinity of the Rowley Shoals, and 600 m depths between Broome and Augustus Island (Wilson 2014). As previously stated, the dataset includes only data from two Australian museums. It could be extended considerably by the inclusion of data from other Australian and international museums holding historical material from the Project Area (particularly the Australian Museum, the Natural History Museum in London, the Swedish State Museum in Stockholm and The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia), as well as numerous private shell collections. It could also be expanded to include Australia’s CSIRO plankton collections. Undersampling. At present only a dozen families of molluscs are adequately represented in Appendix 1. Most of these are families that contain species that have external shells of moderate to large size, and are well known taxonomically because of their popularity with shell collectors – Cypraeidae, Mitridae, Costellariidae, Volutidae, Terebridae and Pectinidae. However, the most abundant group of molluscs in terms of sheer number of species is the micromolluscs (i.e. molluscs whose maximum shell measurement is less than 5 mm when adult) (Figure 3C). Unfortunately that group has been greatly neglected (Rosser et al. 2014: 275, 285; personal observations). In comparison to macromolluscs, micromolluscs require specific collecting and sorting attention, and have a reputation of presenting formidable taxonomic difficulty. Species falling into that size category occur within most families, but in this study there are no representatives of some families that predominantly contain micromolluscs, such as R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH the Scissurellidae, Skeneidae (= Vitrinellidae), C le nc h iel l idae, Ba rle eidae, Ade orbidae and Runcinidae. In fact, all the families of molluscs known to have the highest number of micromolluscs in the Indo-West Pacific are represented in this list by less than 10 species (sometimes by only a single species) (see Appendix 1), although at least 30 species would be expected to be represented. These families are Colloniidae, Liotiidae, Rissoidae, Eulimidae, Scaliolidae, Caecidae, Triviidae, Cerithiopsidae, Triphoridae, Epitoniidae, Cystiscidae, Raphitomidae, Borsonidae, Clathurellidae, Pyramidellidae, Acteonidae, Haminoeidae, Nuculidae, Nuculanidae and Galeommatidae. Apart from the unrepresented taxa, entire habitats have been barely sampled – the plankton, interstitial environments, mangrove forests, seagrasses and sea meadows. Some techniques, which would have yielded large numbers of additional species if they had been employed, include night collecting, benthic dredging, deployment of anaerobic mats, suction sampling of soft substrata, the brushing of stones and dead corals, the breaking open of decaying wood in mangrove forests, the breaking apart of hard substrata, and the intentional study of other invertebrates known to host molluscs, such as octocorals and echinoderms. In addition, the setting of baited traps would have yielded numerous scavenging gastropods and cephalopods. Under representation of family level taxa. Since the authors are very familiar with some of the particular families of molluscs in the tropical Indo-West Pacific after studying them for over 50 years, we stress that the diversity represented in Appendix 1 does not adequately represent the true situation. We would draw particular attention to two taxonomic groups that are significantly under represented. First are all the families of heterobranch sea slugs (formerly Opisthobranchia). The species comprising these families (from Acteonidae through to Fionidae in Appendix 1) generally exist in low densities, and are inherently rare both in time and space (and ephemeral when they do appear), or a combination of all three (Marshall and Willan 1999: 3). Therefore, the greater the sampling effort expended to discover these species would result in more of them being found. With the complication of small adult sizes (frequently less than 10 mm when fully extended and crawling), it is likely that short or medium intensity surveys would consistently under represent them. There are presently 189 species of heterobranch sea slugs on the list, but we predict that the true diversity of this group would be approximately 550 species, as predicted for the entire Great Barrier Reef (Willan KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS 297 2008). There are several families of heterobranch sea slugs completely absent from the species list that would certainly be expected to be represented in the Project Area: i.e. the Runcinidae, Vayssiereidae, Hancockiidae and Babakinidae. which are consistently around 18% per year, suggest that the curve of species discovery is still rising steeply and is far from having reached a plateau. Habitat. Figure 3 compares the occurrence of the 1,334 species that were recorded only from inshore or offshore with a particular habitat type in order to investigate if any relationships exist. The 450 species that occurred both inshore and offshore are not included because it is assumed they would occupy the same habitat wherever they occurred. Most species (1,743, or 97.76%) listed in Appendix 1 can be considered as primarily reef associated (Table 3, Figure 2). By ‘reef associated,’ we include those species that live directly on hard substrata (e.g. rock and coral), or are ‘soft substratum’ species associated with large pieces of coral rubble (indicated by S/H in column B in Appendix 1) such as many costellariids and terebrids, or those species occurring symbiotically with their host(s), which are themselves living within hard substrata such as coralliophilids and pyramidellids. This conclusion also reflects a past bias towards the sampling of hard substrata. Large expanses of the Project Area are covered exclusively by soft substrata (Wilson 2013) and these areas have received comparatively little collecting effort. As Wells (1992) has noted, many of the inshore habitats are muddy, with high concentrations of suspended silt in the water column, at least during the wet season. As a consequence, the numbers of species inhabiting these regions are low compared with the coral reefs offshore. In addition, there are no records of species from the midshelf region. Unlike the fishes (Moore et al. 2014), our list of molluscs does not reveal an enormous difference in the composition of species between inshore and offshore regions (Table 3, Figure 2). Although we consider that such a significant difference, with a bias in favour of the offshore region, might exist if the entire molluscan fauna were elucidated, we suspect that the presently available data results from disproportionate sampling (i.e. a greater intensity of sampling in the inshore region; see above). Over the years, the proportion of species known only from the inshore region has decreased as more intensive sampling has taken place offshore, and is based on a collection of 336 species belonging to 20 families of caenogastropods, of which 34% inhabit both regions. Wells (1986: 197) claimed that the diversity of the inshore fauna was twice as large as that known from offshore; an imbalance he attributed to a lack of habitat diversity offshore. However, following on from the analysis undertaken here this balance has now changed with 1,186 species having been recorded from the inshore area in contrast to 1,037 species offshore, and with 450 (25.24%) in common (present data). The second group is the boring and epizoic bivalves. That is, bivalves living within (either living or dead) substrata such as Mytilidae (subfamily Lithophaginae) that bore into rocks and scleractinian corals, plus Pholadidae (piddocks), Xylophagidae (xylophagids), Teredinidae (ship worms), and Clavagellidae (clavagellids) that bore into wood in mangrove forests or, more rarely, living aquatic plants in seagrass beds. Another numerically large group of bivalves is the galeommatoids (particularly the family Galeommatidae; the so-called scintilla clams) that are all small in size and live commensally with other invertebrates, sometimes in considerable numbers, in almost every habitat. Collection effort and rate of species discovery. The data reflect the efforts of a diverse series of collectors over a significant period of time (1880s to 2009). When viewed through the lens of time, and in consideration of the risks and challenges associated with fieldwork in the Kimberley that they faced, these early collectors accomplished a great deal. Based on the recorded data, the most diverse molluscan fauna in the Project Area is located offshore in the areas of Ashmore Reef (727 species) and Cartier Island (559 species). However, of all 145 locations, the next most diverse fauna is from the inshore site of Broome (487 species) (see below). Whilst indicating a greater diversity offshore, these totals demonstrate clearly that past collecting intensity was inconsistent between sites. Even though it is not possible to obtain true inventories of species collected a century ago because of inadequate locality data (see above), it is clear that the numbers of such specimens were very low and did not reflect the true biodiversities of the localities, not that, at the time, they were intended to do so. For the inshore areas, Odhner (1917) enumerated a total of 219 species from the shores around Broome together with those from the pearling grounds off Cape Jaubert. Our list records 1,186 species from the area encompassing those localities – 966 additional species over 97 years, or an increase of 18.48% additional species for each year. For the offshore areas, Willan (2005) enumerated 875 species from the emergent reefs of the northernmost Sahul Shelf. Our list records 1,037 species from those localities – an additional 163 species over nine years, or a rate of 18.11% additional species per year. These rates of species discovery, R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 298 Abundance. This study, which is comparative by design, does not reveal the dramatic differences in abundance previously shown between the inshore sites and midshore/offshore regions by some species of molluscs. For example, Wells and Slack-Smith (1986) mentioned that the Fluted Giant Clam (Tridacna squamosa) was common on Bedwell Island (Rowley Shoals) and Sandy Island (Scott Reef), whereas it was only rarely recorded on the mainland coast. Wells (1986) similarly highlighted an additional difference in such relative composition – many of the species of molluscs, which have been reported from both inshore and offshore have been found at either only one or a few mainland localities, but are abundant and widespread offshore. For example, Conus miles was recorded as isolated individuals at only five widely scattered localities along the entire Western Australian mainland coast, but it was common on reef platforms on the Rowley Shoals and Scott Reef (Wells 1986). Similarly, Drupina grossularia and Vasum ceramicum were each represented by only single specimens on inshore reefs surveyed in the northern Kimberley (Rosser et al. 2014), whereas they are abundant on offshore reefs (Wells 1986). Biodiversity. The numerically dominant families in our list are among the most speciose marine molluscan families in the entire region – Conidae, Muricidae, Veneridae, Cypraeidae, Mitridae, Costellariidae, Tellinidae, Cerithiidae, Trochidae sensu stricto, Ch romodorididae, Telli n idae, Pectinidae, Nassariidae and Mytilidae. This list matches in composition and more or less in rank, the order published by Willan (2005) for the offshore reefs of the Sahul Shelf alone. However, it substantially exceeds the magnitude of species in that list. The endemic component of the molluscan fauna of the Project Area can be further subdivided into four elements: A) T h o s e s p e c i e s c o n s ide r e d No r t h e r n Australian endemic species, having their biogeographic range (whether large or small) centred in tropical northern Australia (71 species, or 3.98%). The distributional ranges of most of these species extend into the Northern Territory, some into northern Queensland, and most reach southwards at least as far as North West Cape (Wells 1980). Some of the best known of these species are Astele monile (Figure 3D), Astralium stellare, Terebralia semistriata, Doxander campbelli, Euprotomus iredalei, Pterynotus acanthopterus, Timbellus bednalli, Chicoreus cornucervi, Cominella acutinodosa, Oliva brettinghami, Amoria damonii damonii, A. turneri, Conus victoriae, Ennucula superba, Vasticardium elongatum wilsoni, Mactra eximia, Globivenus embrithes and Tawera laticostata. B) Those species presently considered to be strictly Western Australian endemics and whose biogeographic range (whether large or small) is confined to Western Australian waters (64 species, or 3.59%). This total is close to that for Northern Australian endemic species. Some of these Western Australian endemic species are the most iconic of all Australian molluscs – Tectarius rusticus, Zoila decipiens, Amoria ellioti (Figure 3E), A. grayi, A. jamrachii, A. praetexta, Cymbiola nivosa, C. oblita and Mimachlamys scabricostata. C) Those species considered to be southern Australian endemic species, that is, they have their biogeographic range (whether large or small) centred in temperate southern Australia (44 species, or 2.47%). The majority of such supposedly endemic temperate Australian species are distributed along the southern Australian coast to Cape Leeuwin, such that their occurrence in the Project Area constitutes the limit of their northernmost range. The most familiar, and supposedly best taxonomically known, of these species are Conuber conicus, Scutus antipodes, Bulla quoyii (Figure 3F), Haliotis squamosa, Nerita atramentosa, Cronia avellana, Mitra badia, Conus dorreensis, Conus novaehollandiae, Chromodoris westraliensis, Brachidontes ustulatus, Modiolus albicostatus, Anadara trapezia, Barbatia pistachia, Lasaea australis, Paphies elongata and Macomona deltoidalis. We suspect the inclusion of some of them may be either misidentifications or based on extra-limital individuals (so-called ‘waifs’), which are not breeding. These records all need careful review. D) On ly t wo species (Oliva australis and Laevidentalium lubricatum) (0.11%) have an enormous biogeographic range extending continuously all the way from tropical northern Australia, throughout Western Australia, to temperate southern Australia. We have reviewed the identification of O. australis, which definitely occurs in Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory, though probably only as waifs, and can confirm it, whereas we have not reviewed the identification of the latter species. This endemic component of 200 species can be partitioned between those species that occur only inshore (coded ‘in’ in Appendix 1], those that occur in both inshore and offshore waters (coded ‘in/off’ in Appendix 1), and those occurring only in offshore waters (coded ‘off’ in Appendix 1).. This division results in 181 inshore endemic species (10.15%), 19 offshore endemic species (1.07%), and only 5 species (0.28%) whose ranges extend across the shelf. The KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS 299 figure of 10.15% for inshore endemics is very close to that of 10% estimated by Wells (1992: 31, 1986), and suggests his figure is probably close to the actual situation. Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 44. Bieler, R., Miklesen, P.M., Collins, T.M., Glover, E.A., Gonzáles, V.L., Grad, D.L., Harper, E.M., Healy, J., Kawaguchi, G.Y., Sharma, P.P., Staubach, S., Strong, E.E., Taylor, J.D., Temkin, I., Zardus, J.D., Clark, S., Guzmán, A., McIntyre, E., Sharp, P. and Giribet, G. (2014). Investigating the bivalve tree of life – an exemplar-based approach combining molecular and novel morphological characters. Invertebrate Systematics 28: 32–115. Bouchet, P., Lozouet, P., Maestrati, P. and Heros, V. (2002). Assessing the magnitude of species richness in tropical marine environments: exceptionally high numbers of molluscs at a New Caledonia site. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 75: 421–436. Bouchet, P. and Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47(1– 2): 1–397. Bryce, C. (1997). Part 6. Molluscs. pp. 46–57 in Walker, D.I. (1997) (ed.) Marine biological survey of the central Kimberley coast, Western Australia. Unpublished Report. University of Western Australia: Perth. Bryce, C. (ed.) (2009). Marine biodiversity survey of Mermaid Reef (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reef. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77. Bryce, C., Hutchins, B. and Fromont, J. (1997). Restricted marine biological survey of the "Garden Bottom" of Beagle Bay. Kimberley, Western Australia. Unpublished Report, Western Australian Museum: Perth. Commonwealth of Australia (2006). A guide to the integrated marine and coastal regionalisation of Australia, Version 4.0. Department of the Environment and Heritage: Canberra. Dance, S.P. (1966). Shell collecting: an illustrated history. University of California Press: Berkeley, California. Fletcher, W.J. and Santoro, K. (eds) (2013). Status report of the fisheries and aquatic resources of Western Australia 201/13: The State of the Fisheries. Western Australian Department of Fisheries: Perth. Hedley, C. (1918). Narrative of an expedition of exploration in North Western Australia by Herbert Basedow. Special Report, Mollusca. Transactions of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia. South Australian Branch 18: 263–283. Houart, R. (1985). Description of two new muricacean species (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from Sri Lanka and Western Australia. Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 7: 89–93. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999). International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature: London. Kay, E.A. (1965). The Reverend John Lightfoot, Daniel Solander, and the Portland Catalogue. The Nautilus 79: 10–19. Marshall, G.J. and Willan, R.C. (1999). Nudibranchs of Heron Island: Great Barrier Reef: a survey of the Opisthobranchia (sea slugs) of Heron and Wistari Reefs. Backhuys Publishers: Leiden. Biogeography. The marine molluscan fauna of the Project Area is dominated by species that are more or less widespread in the tropical Indo-West Pacific (i.e. 1,391 species derived by combining the totals for IWP and IA in column C in our list, or 77.97% of the whole molluscan fauna). Some of these species may be at the southernmost extent of their range in the Project Area, but this is difficult to establish because of the strength of the southward-flowing Leeuwin Current, which means that waifs will turn up regularly south of their ‘normal range’, and the present inadequacy of sampling further south. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Stacey Osborne and Albert Miles for registering sections of the WAM mollusc collection in preparation for this analysis. We thank Alison Sampey for her significant contribution in compiling the initial dataset for this study. We thank Barry Wilson for allowing us to repeat some parts of his paper in this series on the history and environment of the Project Area which relate to the history of molluscan collections (Wilson 2014). This allows both papers to stand alone, yet have conformity between the texts in these historical matters. Neil Wright spent many hours assisting the senior author to import and check habitat data from an earlier spreadsheet into Appendix 1. Nathalie Yonow worked tirelessly to perform the analyses and generate the pie graphs for us. Adam Bourke kindly took some of the photos of the shells included in Figure 3. REFERENCES Abbott, R.T. (1960). The genus Strombus in the IndoPacific. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 1(2): 33–174. ABRS (2014). Australian Faunal Directory Australian B i o l o g i c a l R e s o u rc e s S t u d y. h t t p : / / w w w. environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/ abrs/databases-and-online-resources/australianfaunal-directory. Australian Government, Department of the Environment: Canberra. (accessed 1 August–31 October 2014). Bebbington, A. (1974). Aplysiid species from East Africa with notes on the Indian Ocean Aplysiomorpha (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 54: 63–99. Berry, P. (ed.) (1986). Faunal Survey of the Rowley Shoals, Scott Reef and Seringapatam Reef, North-Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 25. Berry, P. (ed.) (1993). Marine Faunal Surveys of Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island, North-Western 300 Moore, G.I., Morrison, S.M., Hutchins, J.B., Allen, G.R. and Sampey, A. (2014). Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: Fishes. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 161–206. Morgan, G.J. (1992). Survey of the aquatic fauna of the Kimberley islands and reefs, Western Australia. 1–113 p. Western Australian Museum: Perth. Odhner, N.H. (1917). Results of Dr. E. Mjöberg’s Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910–1913, xvii, Mollusca. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 52(16): 1–115. Rosser, N.L., Wilson, B.R., Forde, M., Fitzpatrick, J.J., Scoones, R.J.S. and Huisman, J.M. (2014). Chapter 8 Marine ecology. pp. 273–399 in Comrie-Greig, J. and Abdo, L. (eds) Ecological studies of the Bonaparte Archipelago and Browse Basin. INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd.: Perth. Rumphius, G.E. (1705). D'Amboinsche rariteitkamer, behelzende eene beschryvinge van allerhande zoo weeke als harde schaalvisschen, te weeten raare krabben, kreeften, en diergelyke Zeedieren, als mede allerhande hoorntjes en schulpen, die men in d'Amboinsche Zee vindt: Daar beneven zommige mineraalen, gesteenten, en soorten van aarde, die in d'Amboinsche, en zommige omleggende Eilanden gevonden worden. Gedrukt François Halma: Amsterdam. Sampey, A., Bryce, C.W., Osborne, S. and Miles, A. (2014). Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: introduction and methods. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 21–44. Walker, D.I. (1997). (ed.) Marine biological survey of the central Kimberley coast, Western Australia. Unpublished Report. University of Western Australia: Perth. Walker, D.I., Wells, F.E. and Hanley, J.R. (1996). (eds) Marine biological survey of the eastern Kimberley, Western Australia. Unpublished Report. University of Western Australia and Western Australian Museum, Perth, and Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin. Wells, F.E. (1980). The distribution of shallow-water marine prosobranch gastropod molluscs along the coastline of Western Australia. The Veliger 22(3): 232–247. Wells, F.E. (1981). Molluscan fauna of the Admiralty Gulf, Cape Voltaire, and the Institut Islands, Kimberley, Western Australia. Chitons, Meso- and Neogastropods. pp. 249–263. In: Wilson, B.R. (ed.) Biological survey of Mitchell Plateau and Admiralty Gulf, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum: Perth. Wells, F.E. (1985). Thatcheria mirabilis in Northwestern Australia. Journal of Molluscan Studies 51(2): 217–218. Wells, F.E. (1986). Zoogeographic affinities of prosobranch gastropods of offshore coral reefs in Northwestern Australia. The Veliger 29(2): 191–199. Wells, F.E. (ed.) (1989a). 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Wilson, B.R. and Gillett, K. (1971). Australian shells. A.H. & A.W. Reed, Sydney. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) (2014). http://www.marinespecies.org/index.php (accessed 1 August–31 December 2014). MANUSCRIPT RECEIVED 20 JANUARY 2015; ACCEPTED 29 OCTOBER 2015. KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS 301 APPENDIX 1 Species of molluscs recorded in the Kimberely Project Area historical dataset. Australian endemic species are demarcated separately to distinguish them – those that only occur in inshore waters are coded ‘in’ those that occur both in inshore and offshore waters are coded ‘in/off’ and those that only occur in offshore waters are coded ‘off’. Explanations for habitat and biogeographic codes are summarised in the Methods section of this paper and also explained in Sampey et al. (2014). Species Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore H U • H SA • H IA • Endemic Habitat Family: Lepidopleuridae Terenochiton sp. 1 Family: Ischnochitonidae Ischnochiton arbutum (Reeve, 1847) in Family: Chitonidae Acanthopleura curtisiana (E.A. Smith, 1884) Acanthopleura gemmata (Blainville, 1825) H IWP • Acanthopleura miles (Carpenter in Pilsbry, 1893) H IA • • Acanthopleura spinosa (Bruguière, 1792) H IWP Chiton hululensis (E.A. Smith, 1903) H IWP • Lucilina cf. fortilirata (Reeve, 1847) H U • • Lucilina lamellosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) H IWP • • Onithochiton sp. 1 Rhyssoplax venusta Hull, 1923 in Rhyssoplax sp. 1 H U H SA H U H U • • • Family: Callistoplacidae Callistochiton sp. 1 • Family: Cryptoplacidae Cryptoplax burrowi (E.A. Smith, 1884) H IWP Cryptoplax larvaeformis (Burrow, 1815) H IWP • Cryptoplax striata (Lamarck, 1819) H IWP • H IWP • H IA • H U • • • Family: Patellidae Scutellastra flexuosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) • Family: Nacellidae Cellana radiata orientalis (Pilsbry, 1891) Family: Lottiidae Naccula sp. 1 Notoacmea flammea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) in H SA • Patelloida cryptalirata (Macpherson, 1955) in H NA • Patelloida insignis (Menke, 1843) in H SA • Patelloida mimula (Iredale, 1924) in H SA • Patelloida profunda ivani Christiaens, 1975 in Patelloida saccharina (Linnaeus, 1758) H WA • H IWP • H IWP • • Family: Fissurellidae Diodora galeata (Helbling, 1779) Diodora jukesii (Reeve, 1850) H IWP Diodora mus (Reeve, 1850) H IWP Diodora occidua (Cotton, 1930) Diodora singaporensis (Reeve, 1850) in • • • H SA • H IWP • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 302 Species Endemic Habitat Diodora ticaonica (Reeve, 1850) H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • • Emarginula fragilis Yokoyama, 1920 H IWP • Emarginula nigromaculata (Thiele, 1930) H IWP • Emarginula sp. 1 H U • Emarginella incisura (A. Adams, 1852) H IWP • Macroschisma munitum Iredale, 1940 in H NA • Montfortista excentrica (Iredale, 1929) H IWP • Montfortista panhi (Quoy & Gaimard, 1843) H IWP Montfortula pulchra (A. Adams, 1852) H IWP • • Montfortula rugosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) H IWP Puncturella sp. 1 H U Rimula verrieri Crosse, 1871 Scutus antipodes Montfort, 1810 in H IWP H SA • • • • Scutus aff. forsythi (Iredale, 1937) H U Scutus unguis (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Variegemarginula variegata (A. Adams, 1852) H IWP • H IWP • • • • • Family: Haliotidae Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758 Haliotis clathrata Reeve, 1846 H IA Haliotis crebrisculpta G.B. Sowerby III, 1914 H IA • • Haliotis ovina Gmelin, 1791 H IWP Haliotis planata G.B. Sowerby II, 1882 H IA Haliotis rugosa pustulata Reeve, 1846 Haliotis squamosa J.E. Gray, 1826 in/off Haliotis varia Linnaeus, 1758 • • • H IA H WA • • • H IA • • Family: Trochidae Calliotrochus marmoreus (Pease, 1861) H IA • Calthalotia arruensis (Watson, 1880) H IA • Calthalotia mundula (A. Adams & Angas, 1864) H IA • Calthalotia strigata (A. Adams, 1853) H IA • • Cantharidus polychroma (A. Adams, 1853) H IA Chrysostoma paradoxum (Born, 1778) H IWP Clanculus atropurpureus (Gould, 1849) Clanculus bicarinatus Angas, 1880 in Clanculus comarilis Hedley, 1912 in/off Clanculus cf. comarilis Hedley, 1912 H IWP • H NA • H NA • H U • • Clanculus margaritarius (Philippi, 1846) H IA Clanculus stigmatarius A. Adams, 1853 H IA • • • • • • Clanculus sp. 1 H U • Ethalia guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) S IWP • Ethalia cf. pulchella (A. Adams, 1855) S IWP • Eurytrochus cf. danieli (Crosse, 1862) H U • Eurytrochus macculochi (Hedley, 1907) H NA • Isanda coronata A. Adams, 1854 S IWP • Microtis tuberculata H. & A. Adams, 1850 H IWP • Monilea callifera (Lamarck, 1822) H IWP • Monilea philippiana Dunker, 1871 H IWP Monodonta labio (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 303 Endemic Habitat Pseudostomatella decolorata (Gould, 1848) H Biogeographic code Inshore IWP • Pseudostomatella maculata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) H IWP • Pseudostomatella papyracea (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • Stomatella impertusa (Burrow, 1815) H IWP Stomatia heckeliana (Crosse, 1871) H IWP Stomatia phymotis Helbling, 1779 H IWP Talopena vernicosa (Gould, 1861) H IWP Tectus architectonicus (A. Adams, 1853) in Tectus fenestratus (Gmelin, 1791) • • H WA • IWP • • Tectus pyramis (Born, 1778) H IWP H IA Tosatrochus attenuatus (Jonas, 1844) H IWP Trochus calcaratus Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1875 H IA Trochus conus Gmelin, 1791 H IA Trochus hanleyanus Reeve, 1842 H IA • • H Tectus triserialis (Lamarck, 1822) Offshore • • • • • • • • Trochus histrio Reeve, 1842 H IA • • Trochus maculatus Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • • • Trochus niloticus Linnaeus, 1767 H IWP Trochus virgatus (Gmelin, 1791) H IA • H U • • Family: Solariellidae Spectamen sp. 1 Family: Calliostomatidae Astele monile (Reeve, 1863) in H NA • Astele multigranum (Dunker, 1871) in H NA • H IA • Calliostoma similarae (Reeve, 1863) Family: Chilodontidae Euchelus atratus (Gmelin, 1791) Euchelus dampierensis Jansen, 1994 in H IWP • H WA • Euchelus foveolatus (A. Adams, 1853) H IA • Euchelus gemmatus (Gould, 1845) H IA • • Herpetopoma instrictum (Gould, 1849) H IA • • Herpetopoma rubrum (A. Adams, 1853) H IA • • Hybochelus cancellatus (Krauss, 1848) H IA • Angaria delphinus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Angaria tyria Reeve, 1842 H IA • • Family: Angariidae Family: Turbinidae Astralium pileolum (Reeve, 1842) H IWP • Astralium rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822) H IWP • Astralium rotularia (Lamarck, 1822) in H WA • Astralium stellare (Gmelin, 1791) in H NA • Lunella cinerea (Born, 1778) in Turbo argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758 H NA • H IWP • • • Turbo brunneus Röding, 1791 H IA • • Turbo chrysostomus Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • • • Turbo haynesi Preston, 1914 Turbo laminiferus Reeve, 1848 in/off H NA • H IA • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 304 Species Endemic Habitat Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758 H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • Turbo radiatus Gmelin, 1791 H IWP Turbo squamosus J.E. Gray, 1847 H IA • H NA • H U • Liotina peronii (Kiener, 1839) H IWP • Liotina sp. 1 H U Turbo walteri Kreipl & Dekker, 2009 in • Family: Colloniidae Homalopoma sp. 1 Family: Liotiidae • • Family: Phasianellidae Phasianella solida (Born, 1778) H IA • Phasianella variegata Lamarck, 1822 H IWP • Tricolia variabilis (Pease, 1861) H IWP E/H U • Family: Neritidae Clithon sp. 1 Nerita albicilla Linnaeus, 1758 Nerita atramentosa Reeve, 1855 in • H IWP • H SA • Nerita balteata Reeve, 1855 H IA • Nerita chamaeleon Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • • Nerita plicata Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • • Nerita polita Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • • • Nerita reticulata Karsten, 1789 H IWP Nerita squamulata Le Guillou, 1841 H IA • Nerita undata Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • Neritina cf. variegata (Lesson, 1831) E/H U • • • Neritina violacea (Gmelin, 1791) E/H U Smaragdia souverbiana (Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1863) EP/SM IWP Theodoxus oualaniensis (Lesson, 1831) E/H IA • H IWP • H U • EP/H U • S U • • Family: Neritopsidae Neritopsis radula (Linnaeus, 1758) • Family: Phenacolepadidae Phenacolepas crenulatus (Broderip, 1834) Family: Scaliolidae Finella sp. 1 Family: Plesiotrochidae Plesiotrochus sp. 1 Family: Cerithiidae Bittium zebrum (Kiener, 1842) S IWP Cacozeliana sp. 1 S U Cerithium atromarginatum Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1933 S/H IWP Cerithium balteatum Philippi, 1848 H IWP Cerithium citrinum G.B. Sowerby II, 1855 S/H IA Cerithium columna G.B. Sowerby I, 1834 S/H IA • • • • • • • Cerithium coralium Kiener, 1841 S IWP • Cerithium echinatum Lamarck, 1822 H IWP • • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 305 Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore Cerithium egenum Gould, 1849 H IWP • Cerithium lifuense Melvill & Standen, 1895 S/H IWP • Cerithium munitum G.B. Sowerby II, 1855 H IWP • Cerithium nesioticum Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1906 H IWP Cerithium nigrobalteatum E.A. Smith, 1884 H IWP Cerithium nodulosum Bruguière, 1789 H IWP Cerithium novaehollandiae G.B. Sowerby II, 1855 S/H IWP • • • • Cerithium cf. phoxum Watson, 1880 H U • Cerithium planum Anton, 1839 H IWP • Cerithium punctatum Bruguière, 1792 H IWP Cerithium rostratum A. Adams in G.B. Sowerby II, 1855 H IWP Cerithium salebrosum G.B. Sowerby II, 1855 H IWP Cerithium tenellum G.B. Sowerby II, 1855 H IWP • • • • • • Cerithium tenuifilosum G.B. Sowerby II, 1866 H IWP • Cerithium torresi E.A. Smith, 1884 S IA • • Cerithium trailli G.B. Sowerby II, 1855 H IWP • • Cerithium zonatum (Wood, 1826) H IWP • • Clypeomorus admirabilis Houbrick, 1985 in Clypeomorus batillariaeformis Habe & Kosuge, 1966 H NA • H IA • • Clypeomorus bifasciata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1855) H IWP • • Clypeomorus brevis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) H IWP • • • Clypeomorus pellucida (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1852) H IA Clypeomorus petrosa chemnitziana (Pilsbry, 1901) H IA Colina macrostoma (Hinds, 1844) H IA Pictorium koperbergi (Schepman, 1907) H IWP • • • Pseudovertagus aluco (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Rhinoclavis articulata (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) S/H IWP • • • Rhinoclavis aspera (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • Rhinoclavis bituberculata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1866) S/H IA • S/H NA • S IWP Rhinoclavis brettinghami Cernohorsky, 1974 in/off Rhinoclavis diadema Houbrick, 1978 • • Rhinoclavis fasciata (Bruguière, 1792) S IWP • • Rhinoclavis kochi (Philippi, 1848) S IWP • • • Rhinoclavis sinensis (Gmelin, 1791) S IWP Rhinoclavis vertagus (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • Royella sinon (Bayle, 1880) H IWP • S SA • Family: Turritellidae Archimediella fastigiata (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) in Colpospira congelata (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) in Gazameda sp. 1 • S SA • S U • Haustator cingulifer (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825) S IA • Turritella terebra (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • Tenagodus cumingii (Mörch, 1860) S IWP • Tenagodus ponderosus (Mörch, 1860) S IWP • Family: Siliquariidae Family: Planaxidae Angiola lineata (da Costa, 1778) H IWP Planaxis sulcatus (Born, 1778) H IWP • • • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 306 Species Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore Family: Potamididae Cerithidea anticipata Iredale, 1931 Cerithidea reidi Houbrick, 1986 EP/M in Cerithideopsilla cingulata (Gmelin, 1791) Cerithideopsis australiensis Reid, 2014 in Telescopium telescopium (Linnaeus, 1758) Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1758) Terebralia semistriata (Mörch, 1852) in Terebralia sulcata (Born, 1778) IA • EP/M WA • S IWP • M/S NA • M/S IWP • M/S IWP • M/S NA • M/S IA • H IWP • Family: Modulidae Indomodulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791) • Family: Littorinidae Echinolittorina austrotrochoides Reid, 2007 in Echinolittorina millegrana (Philippi, 1848) H NA • H IA • Echinolittorina reticulata (Anton, 1838) H IO Littoraria articulata (Philippi, 1846) M/S IWP Littoraria cingulata cingulata (Philippi, 1846) in Littoraria filosa (G.B. Sowerby I, 1832) • • M/S/H WA • M/S IWP • Littoraria pallescens (Philippi, 1846) M/S IA • Littoraria scabra (Linnaeus, 1758) M/S IWP • Littoraria sulculosa (Philippi, 1846) Littoraria undulata (J.E. Gray, 1839) in M/S/H WA • H IWP • Peasiella conoidalis (Pease, 1868) H IA Peasiella roepstorffiana (Nevill, 1885) H IA • • • • Tectarius pagodus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IA • Tectarius rusticus (Philippi, 1846) H IA • Family: Rissoidae Pusilina sp. 1 H IA • Rissoina gigantea Deshayes, 1848 H U • Rissoina cf. imbricata Gould, 1861 H U M/S/H IWP M/S IWP S U H IA S IWP S/H IWP • Family: Truncatellidae Truncatella guerinii A. & J. Villa, 1841 • Family: Iravadiidae Iravadia quadrasi (O. Boettger, 1893) Family: Assimineidae Assiminea sp. 1 • Family: Caecidae Caecum warmi Raines & Pizzini, 2009 • Family: Seraphsidae Terebellum terebellum (Linnaeus, 1758) • • Family: Strombidae Canarium erythrinus (Dillwyn, 1817) • Canarium haemastoma (G.B. Sowerby II, 1842) S/H IA • Canarium microurceus Kira, 1959 S/H IA • Canarium mutabilis (Swainson, 1821) S/H IWP • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species Canarium urceus orrae (Abbott, 1960) 307 Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore in NA S Conomurex luhuanus (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP Dolomena dilatata (Swainson, 1821) S IWP Dolomena plicata pulchella (Reeve, 1851) S IA Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820) S IA Doxander campbelli (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834) in Offshore • • • • • S NA • Doxander vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758) S IA • Euprotomus aurisdianae (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • Euprotomus bulla (Röding, 1798) S/H IWP • Euprotomus iredalei (Abbott, 1960) in Euprotomus vomer (Röding, 1798) S NA • S/H IWP • Gibberulus gibberulus gibbosus (Röding, 1798) S IA Harpago arthriticus (Röding, 1798) S/H IA • • Labiostrombus epidromis (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP Lambis crocata (Link, 1807) S/H IWP • • • Lambis lambis (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Lambis millepeda (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • Lambis scorpius (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • Lambis truncata ([Lightfoot], 1786) H IWP • Lentigo lentiginosus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP Lentigo pipus (Röding, 1798) H IWP • • • Sinustrombus latissimus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Sinustrombus sinuatus ([Lightfoot], 1786) H IWP • Terestrombus fragilis (Röding, 1798) S/H IWP • Tridentarius dentatus (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • Family: Vanikoridae Vanikoro cancellata (Lamarck, 1822) S/H IWP Vanikoro helicoidea (Le Guillou, 1842) S/H IWP • • H IWP • • • Family: Hipponicidae Antisabia foliacea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) Cheilea equestris (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Hipponix conicus (Schumacher, 1817) EZ/H IWP • • Pilosabia trigona (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • Family: Calyptraeidae Bostrycapulus pritzkeri Collin, 2005 Ergaea walshi (Reeve, 1859) in H NA • EZ/H IWP • H IWP • S/H IA • • Family: Capulidae Capulus liberatus Pease, 1868 Family: Trichotrophidae Separatista helicoides (Gmelin, 1791) Family: Vermetidae Ceraesignum maximum (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825) H IWP Eualetes tulipa (Rousseau in Chenu, 1843) H IWP Petaloconchus renisectus Carpenter, 1857 H IWP Serpulorbis sp. 1 H U • • P IWP • • • Family: Atlantidae Atlanta peronii Lesueur, 1817 R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 308 Species Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore Family: Cypraeidae Annepona mariae (F.A. Schilder, 1927) H IWP • Arestoridens argus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Bistolida brevidentata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1870) H IA • • Bistolida hirundo (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP Bistolida kieneri (Hidalgo, 1906) H IWP • • • Bistolida stolida (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Bistolida ursellus (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • Blasicrura pallidula (Gaskoin, 1849) H IWP • • Chelycypraea testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Contradusta walkeri (G.B. Sowerby I, 1832) S/H IA • Cribrarula cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Cribrarula exmouthensis magnifica Lorenz, 2002 Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, 1758 in H WA • H IWP • • • Eclogavena quadrimaculata (J.E. Gray, 1824) H IWP • • Erosaria beckii (Gaskoin, 1836) H IWP • • Erosaria erosa (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Erosaria flaveola (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • • Erosaria helvola (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Erosaria miliaris (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • Erosaria poraria (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Erronea caurica (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Erronea chrysostoma (F.A. Schilder, 1927) H IWP • Erronea cylindrica (Born, 1778) H IWP • • • Erronea errones (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Erronea pyriformis (J.E. Gray, 1824) S/H IA • Erronea subviridis (Reeve, 1835) S/H IA • Ipsa childreni (J.E. Gray, 1825) H IWP • • Leporicypraea mappa (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Luria isabella (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Lyncina carneola (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Lyncina lynx (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Lyncina vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Mauritia arabica (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Mauritia depressa (J.E. Gray, 1824) H IWP • • Mauritia eglantina (Duclos, 1833) H IWP • • • Mauritia histrio (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP Mauritia mauritiana (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Mauritia scurra (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • Monetaria annulus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Monetaria caputserpentis (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Monetaria moneta (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Notadusta punctata (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Ovatipsa chinensis (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • Palmadusta asellus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Palmadusta clandestina (Linnaeus, 1767) H IWP • • • Palmadusta contaminata (G.B. Sowerby I, 1832) H IWP • Palmadusta humphreyii (J.E. Gray, 1825) H IWP • Palmadusta lutea (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 309 Endemic Habitat Palmadusta saulae (Gaskoin, 1843) H Biogeographic code Inshore IWP Offshore • Palmadusta ziczac (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Purpuradusta fimbriata (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • Purpuradustra gracilis (Gaskoin, 1849) H IWP • Purpuradusta hammondae Iredale, 1939 H IWP • • Purpuradusta microdon (J.E. Gray, 1828) H IWP Purpuradusta minoridens Melvill, 1901 H IWP Pustularia cicercula (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP Pustularia globulus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • • • • Pustularia margarita (Gaskoin, 1849) H IWP • Staphylaea limacina (Lamarck, 1810) H IWP • Staphylaea nucleus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Staphylaea staphylaea (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Talostolida teres (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • Talparia talpa (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Zoila alabaster Mont & Lorenz, 2013 in S/H WA • Zoila decipiens decipiens (E.A. Smith, 1880) in S/H WA • • Family: Ovulidae Aclyvolva lanceolata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1848) H/EZ IWP Calpurnus verrucosus (Linnaeus, 1758) H/EZ IWP • • Crenavolva striatula (G.B. Sowerby I, 1828) H/EZ IWP • Crenavolva sp. 1 H/EZ U • • Dentiovula rutherfordiana (C. Cate, 1973) H/EZ IA • Diminovula cf. concinna (G.B. Sowerby II in A. Adams & Reeve, 1848) H/EZ U • Diminovula sp. 1 H/EZ U • Globovula cavanaghi (Iredale, 1931) H/EZ IA • Margovula pyriformis (G.B. Sowerby I, 1828) H/EZ IWP • Ovula ovum (Linnaeus, 1758) H/EZ IWP • Pellasimnia angasi (Reeve, 1865) H/EZ IA • Pellasimnia improcera (Azuma & C. Cate, 1971) H/EZ IA Phenacovolva nectarea Iredale, 1930 H/EZ IA • • • • Phenacovolva philippinarum (G.B. Sowerby II, 1848) H/EZ IA • Phenacovolva rosea (A. Adams, 1854) H/EZ IA • Prionovolva brevis (G.B. Sowerby I, 1828) H/EZ IA • Prionovolva wilsoniana C. Cate, 1973 H/EZ IA • Procalpurnus lacteus (Lamarck, 1810) H/EZ IWP • Prosimnia semperi (Weinkauff, 1881) H/EZ IA • Pseudosminia sp. 1 H/EZ U • Family: Triviidae Cleotrivia pilula (Kiener, 1843) Ellatrivia bipunctata (Odhner, 1917) in H IWP H WA Trivirostra cf. hordacea (Kiener, 1843) H U Trivirostra oryza (Lamarck, 1810) H IWP • • • • • Family: Velutinidae Chelynotus semperi Bergh, 1866 H IWP Coriocella tongana (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) H IWP • • Lamellaria sp. 1 H U • • • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 310 Species Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore Family: Naticidae Conuber conicus (Lamarck, 1822) in SA S Offshore • Eunaticina papilla (Gmelin, 1791) S IWP • Mammilla mammata (Röding, 1798) S IWP • • Mammilla maura (Lamarck, 1818) S IWP • Mammilla melanostomoides (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) S IWP • Mammilla melanostoma (Gmelin, 1791) S IWP • • Mammilla simiae (Deshayes, 1838) S IWP • • Natica alapapilionis (Röding, 1798) S IWP • Natica colliei Récluz, 1844 S IWP • Natica fasciata (Röding, 1798) S/H IA • Natica phytelephas (Reeve, 1855) S IA • • Natica cf. simplex Schepman, 1909 S U Naticarius lineozona Jousseaume, 1874 S/H IWP Naticarius onca (Röding, 1798) S/H IWP Neverita didyma (Röding, 1798) S IA • • • Notocochlis gualteriana (Récluz, 1844) S/H IWP • • Polinices flemingianus (Récluz, 1844) S IWP • • • Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP Polinices peselephanti (Link, 1807) S IWP • • Polinices powisiana (Récluz, 1844) S IWP • Polinices vavaosi (Reeve, 1855) S IA • Sinum haliotoideum (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • Tanea areolata (Récluz, 1844) S IWP • Tanea euzona (Récluz, 1844) S IWP • Tanea lineata (Röding, 1798) S IWP • • Tectonatica bougei (G.B. Sowerby III, 1908) S/H IWP • Tectonatica robillardi (G.B. Sowerby III, 1894) S IWP • H IWP • • Family: Bursidae Bufonaria rana (Linnaeus, 1758) Bursa bufonia (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP Bursa cruentata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1835) H IWP • • Bursa granularis (Röding, 1798) H IWP • • Bursa lamarckii (Deshayes, 1853) H IA • • Bursa rhodostoma (G.B. Sowerby II, 1835) H IWP • Bursa rosa (Perry, 1811) H IWP • Bursa tuberosissima (Reeve, 1844) H IWP • Tutufa bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Tutufa rubeta (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Family: Ficidae Ficus eospila (Peron, 1807) in S NA • S IWP • Distorsio anus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Distorsio reticulata (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • Charonia tritonis (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Cymatium lotorium (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP Ficus subintermedia (d'Orbigny, 1852) Family: Personidae Family: Ranellidae • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 311 Endemic Habitat Gutturnium muricinum (Röding, 1798) H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • Gyrineum gyrineum (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Gyrineum lacunatum (Mighels, 1845) H IA • • Linatella succincta (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Monoplex aquatilis (Reeve, 1844) H IWP • Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1854) H IWP • Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844) H IWP • • Monoplex gemmatus (Reeve, 1844) H IWP Monoplex mundus (Gould, 1849) H IWP Monoplex nicobaricus (Röding, 1798) H IWP Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP Monoplex thersites (Reeve, 1844) Ranularia pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758) in • • • • • H NA • H IWP • Ranularia sarcostoma (Reeve, 1844) H IWP • Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844) S/H IA • • Reticulotriton pfeifferianus (Reeve, 1844) S/H IWP • Septa hepatica (Röding, 1798) H IWP • • Septa intermedia (Crosse, 1869) H IWP Septa rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Turritriton labiosus (Wood, 1828) H C • • S IWP • • • Family: Cassidae Casmaria erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) Casmaria ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791) S IWP • Cassis cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • Cypraecasis rufa (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • • Phalium bandatum (Perry, 1811) S IWP • Semicassis bisulcata (Schubert & Wagner, 1826) S IWP • Semicassis glabrata (Dunker, 1852) S IO • • Family: Tonnidae Malea pomum (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP Tonna allium (Dillwyn, 1817) S IWP • • Tonna canaliculata (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP Tonna chinensis (Dillwyn, 1817) S IA • Tonna cumingii (Hanley in Reeve, 1849) S IWP • Tonna maculata (Lamarck, 1822) S IA • • Tonna perdix (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP Tonna sulcosa (Born, 1778) S IWP • Tonna variegata (Lamarck, 1822) S IWP • • Family: Triphoridae Bouchetriphora pallida (Pease, 1870) H IA • Euthymella cf. concors (Hinds, 1843) H U • Inella sp. 1 H U • Mastonia papillata (Hervier, 1897) H IA • Mastonia rubra (Hinds, 1843) H IWP • Mesophora ustulata (Hervier, 1897) H IA • Obesula cf. turriculata (Hervier, 1897) H U • Viriola cancellata (Hinds, 1843) H IA • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 312 Species Endemic Habitat Viriola elegans (Hinds, 1843) H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IA • Viriola cf. pagoda (Hinds, 1843) H U • Viriola tricincta (Dunker, 1882) H IA • H U Family: Cerithiopsidae Cerithiopsis sp. 1 • • Family: Epitoniidae Epitonium alatum (G.B. Sowerby II, 1844) EZ/S IA Epitonium cf. pyramidale (G.B. Sowerby II, 1844) EZ/S U • • Eglisia tricarinata A. Adams & Reeve, 1850 EZ/S IWP • Filiscala martini (Wood, 1828) EZ/S IA • Gyroscala lamellosa (Lamarck, 1822) EZ/S/H C • Family: Eulimidae Balcis sp. 1 EZ/S U Eulima sp. 1 EZ/S U • • Melanella martinii (A. Adams, 1854) EZ/S IWP Stilifer cf. linckiae P. & F. Sarasin, 1887 EnZ/S U • • • Stilifer cf. ophidiastericola Habe, 1951 EnZ/S U • Thyca crystallina (Gould, 1846) EZ/S IWP • Family: Muricidae Aspella platylaevis Radwin & d'Atillio, 1976 H IA • Bedeva blosvillei (Deshayes, 1832) H IWP • Chicomurex cf. superbus (G.B. Sowerby III, 1889) H U Chicoreus banksii (G.B. Sowerby I, 1841) H IA • • Chicoreus brunneus (Link, 1807) H IWP • Chiceus capucinus (Lamarck, 1822) M IA • Chicoreus cervicornis (Lamarck, 1822) S/H IA • Chicoreus cornucervi (Röding, 1798) H IA • • Chicoreus microphyllus (Lamarck, 1816) H IWP Chicoreus ramosus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP Chicoreus torrefactus (G.B. Sowerby I, 1841) Chicoreus trivialis (A. Adams, 1854) H IA • H NA • H IWP • in H WA • • Dermomurex pasi Vokes, 1993 H IA Drupa clathrata (Lamarck, 1798) H IWP • • in Cronia amygdala (Kiener, 1835) Cronia avellana (Reeve, 1846) • • • Drupa morum Röding, 1798 H IWP • Drupa ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Drupa rubusidaeus Röding, 1798 H IWP • • Drupella cornus (Röding, 1798) H IWP • • Drupella margariticola (Broderip in Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1833) H IWP • • Drupella rugosa (Born, 1778) H IWP • Drupina grossularia (Röding, 1798) H IA • Ergalatax contracta (Reeve, 1846) S/H IWP Favartia brevicula (G.B. Sowerby II, 1834) H IWP Haustellum multiplicatus (G.B. Sowerby III, 1895) Haustellum cf. multiplicatus (G.B. Sowerby III, 1895) in • • • S/H NA • S/H U • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species Hexaplex stainforthi (Reeve, 1843) 313 Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore in WA H Offshore • Homalocantha anatomica (Perry, 1811) H IWP • Homalocantha secunda (Lamarck, 1811) S/H IA • Indothais lacera (Born, 1778) H IWP • Latiaxena ficula (Reeve, 1848) H IWP • Latiaxena cf. ficula (Reeve, 1848) H U • Maculotriton serriale (Deshayes, 1834) H IWP • Mancinella alouina (Röding, 1798) H IWP • Mancinella armigera Link, 1807 H IWP • • • • Mancinella echinata (Blainville, 1832) H IWP • • Menathais tuberosa (Röding, 1798) H IWP • • Morula anaxeres (Kiener, 1836) H IA • • Morula biconica (Blainville, 1832) H IA • • Morula dumosa (Conrad, 1837) H IA Morula nodicostata (Pease, 1868) H IA • • • • Morula spinosa (H. & A. Adams, 1853) H IWP Morula uva (Röding, 1798) H IWP Morula whiteheadae (Houart, 2004) in Murex acanthostephes Watson, 1883 Murex brevispina macgillivrayi Dohrn, 1862 Murex coppingeri E.A. Smith, 1884 in • • H NA • S IA • S IA • S IA • Murex ternispina Lamarck, 1822 S IWP • Murex tribulus Linnaeus, 1758 S IWP • Muricodrupa fenestrata (Blainville, 1832) H IWP Muricodrupa fiscella (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • Naquetia cumingii (A. Adams, 1853) H IWP • Naquetia triqueter (Born, 1778) H IWP • • Nassa francolina (Bruguière, 1789) H IO Nassa serta (Bruguière, 1789) H IA Neothais marginatra (Blainville, 1832) H IA • H IWP • H NA • H IWP Pterochelus acanthopterus (Lamarck, 1816) in Pterynotus martinetanus (Röding, 1798) H IA H IWP • • Purpura bufo (Lamarck, 1822) H IWP H IWP • • Pterynotus tripterus (Born, 1778) Reishia bitubercularis (Lamarck, 1822) • • Pascula ochrostoma (Blainville, 1832) Pterynotus elongatus ([Lightfoot], 1786) • • • • Stramonita gradata (Jonas, 1846) H IWP • Stramonita javanica (Philippi, 1848) H IA • Stramonita muricina (Blainville, 1832) H IA • Tenguella granulata (Duclos, 1832) H IWP • • Tenguella musiva (Kiener, 1835) H IA • • Thalessa aculeata (Deshayes, 1844) H IWP • • Timbellus bednalli (Brazier, 1877) Vokesimurex cf. dolichourus (Ponder & Vokes, 1988) in H NA • H U • Family: Coralliophilidae Corallioba fimbriata A. Adams, 1854 EZ/H IWP • Coralliophila bulbiformis (Conrad, 1837) EZ/H IWP • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 314 Species Endemic Habitat Coralliophila clathrata (A. Adams, 1854) EZ/H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • Coralliophila costularis (Lamarck, 1816) EZ/H IWP Coralliophila erosa (Röding, 1798) EZ/H IWP Coralliophila inflata (Dunker in Philippi, 1847) EZ/H IWP Coralliophila monodonta (Blainville, 1832) EZ/H IWP • • • • • • Coralliophila neritoidea (Lamarck, 1816) EZ/H IWP • Coralliophila pyriformis Kira, 1959 EZ/H IWP • Coralliophila radula (A. Adams, 1855) EZ/H IWP Coralliophila squamosissima (E.A. Smith, 1876) EZ/H IA • • Coralliophila stearnsii Pilsbry, 1895 EZ/H IA • Coralliophila violacea (Kiener, 1836) EZ/H IWP • Rapa rapa (Linnaeus, 1758) EZ/H IWP • H NA • S/H IA • • Family: Typhididae Tripterotyphis lowei colemani (Ponder, 1972) in Family: Turbinellidae Syrinx aruanus (Linnaeus, 1771) Tudivasum inerme (Angas, 1878) S IA Tudivasum sp. 1 S U • Vasum ceramicum (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Vasum turbinellus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • S/H IA • Family: Mitridae Cancilla aegra (Reeve, 1845) Domiporta filaris (Linnaeus, 1771) S/H IWP • Domiporta gloriola (Cernohorsky, 1970) S/H IA • Domiporta praestantissima (Röding, 1798) S/H IWP • Imbricaria conovula (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) S/H IWP • Imbricaria olivaeformis (Swainson, 1821) S/H IWP • Imbricaria punctata (Swainson, 1821) S/H IWP • Mitra acuminata Swainson, 1824 H IWP Mitra ambigua Swainson, 1829 H IWP Mitra assimilis Pease, 1868 H IWP Mitra auriculoides Reeve, 1845 H IWP • • Mitra aurora floridula G.B. Sowerby II, 1874 H IWP H IWP • H SA • H IWP Mitra badia Reeve, 1844 in • • Mitra avenacea Reeve, 1845 Mitra cardinalis (Gmelin, 1791) • • • • Mitra chrysalis Reeve, 1844 H IWP • Mitra chrysostoma Broderip, 1836 H IWP • Mitra coarctata Reeve, 1844 H IWP • Mitra coffea Schubert & Wagner, 1829 H IWP • Mitra contracta Swainson, 1821 H IWP • Mitra coronata Lamarck, 1811 H IWP • Mitra cucumerina Reeve, 1844 H IWP Mitra decurtata Reeve, 1844 H IWP • • • Mitra eremitarum Röding, 1798 H IWP • Mitra ferruginea Lamarck, 1811 H IWP • Mitra fraga Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 H IWP • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 315 Endemic Habitat Mitra fulvescens Broderip, 1836 H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • Mitra imperialis Röding, 1798 H IWP Mitra incompta ([Lightfoot], 1786) H IWP • • • Mitra litterata Lamarck, 1811 H IWP • Mitra luctuosa A. Adams, 1853 H IWP • Mitra mitra (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP Mitra papalis (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • • Mitra paupercula (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Mitra peculiaris Reeve, 1845 H IWP • Mitra porcata Reeve, 1844 H IWP • Mitra procissa Reeve, 1844 H IWP • • • • • Mitra retusa Lamarck, 1811 H IWP Mitra rosacea Reeve, 1845 H IWP • Mitra rubritincta Reeve, 1844 H IWP • Mitra scutulata (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • Mitra sowerbyi kingae Cernohorsky, 1972 in Mitra stictica (Link, 1807) H WA • H IWP • • Mitra tabanula Lamarck, 1811 H IWP • Mitra typha Reeve, 1845 H IWP • Mitra variabilis Reeve, 1844 H IWP Mitra vexillum Reeve, 1844 H IWP Neocancilla circula (Kiener, 1838) H IWP Neocancilla clathrus (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP Neocancilla papilio (Link, 1807) H IWP Pterygia crenulata (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • • • • • Pterygia dactylus (Linnaeus, 1767) H IWP • Pterygia nucea (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • Pterygia scabricula (Linnaeus, 1767) H IWP Pterygia undulosa (Reeve, 1844) H IWP • H NA • H U Scabricola barrywilsoni (C. Cate, 1968) Scabricola cf. fissurata (Lamarck, 1811) in • • Scabricola fusca (Swainson, 1824) H IWP Subcancilla philpoppei Poppe, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 S/H IA • Ziba flammea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) H IWP • Thala jaculanda (Gould, 1860) H IA • • Family: Costellariidae Thala mirifica (Reeve, 1845) H IA • Vexillum acuminatum (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IWP • Vexillum amandum (Reeve, 1845) S/H IWP Vexillum aureolineatum H. Turner, 1988 S/H IA • • Vexillum cadaverosum (Reeve, 1844) S/H IWP • Vexillum cancellarioides (Anton, 1838) H IWP • Vexillum cingulatum (Lamarck, 1811) S/H IA • Vexillum corallinum (Reeve, 1845) H IA • Vexillum coronatum (Helbling, 1779) S/H IWP • • Vexillum crocatum (Lamarck, 1811) H IWP • • • Vexillum daedalum (Reeve, 1845) H IWP Vexillum deshayesii (Reeve, 1844) S/H IWP • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 316 Species Endemic Habitat Vexillum discolorium (Reeve, 1844) S/H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • • Vexillum exasperatum (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IWP • Vexillum cf. festum (Reeve, 1845) S/H U • Vexillum granosum (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IA • Vexillum gruneri (Reeve, 1844) S/H IWP • Vexillum hervieri (Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1923) S/H IWP • Vexillum infaustum (Reeve, 1845) S/H IA • Vexillum interruptum (Anton, 1838) H IWP • Vexillum kathiewayae Salisbury, Hermann & Dekkers, 2012 H IA • Vexillum kimiyum H. Turner, 2008 in H WA • Vexillum klytios H. Turner, 2008 in H WA • • Vexillum leucodesmum (Reeve, 1845) H IWP Vexillum lucidum (Reeve, 1845) S/H IWP • • Vexillum luculentum (Reeve, 1845) S/H IWP • Vexillum lyratum (Lamarck, 1822) S/H IWP • Vexillum melongena (Lamarck, 1811) H IWP • Vexillum microzonias (Lamarck, 1811) H IWP • Vexillum modestum (Reeve, 1845) S/H IWP Vexillum moelleri (Küster, 1840) S/H IWP • • Vexillum obeliscus (Reeve, 1844) S/H IWP • Vexillum pacificum (Reeve, 1845) H IWP • • • • • Vexillum paligerum (G.B. Sowerby II, 1874) S/H IA Vexillum pardale (Küster, 1840) S/H IWP • Vexillum patriarchalis (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IWP Vexillum aff. plicarium (Linnaeus, 1758) H U • • Vexillum radix (G.B. Sowerby II, 1874) H IWP • Vexillum cf. rugosum (Gmelin, 1791) S/H U • • Vexillum rusticum (Reeve, 1845) S/H IWP Vexillum sanguisuga (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP Vexillum semicostatum (Anton, 1838) S/H IWP Vexillum semifasciatum (Lamarck, 1811) S/H IWP • • • • • • Vexillum speciosum (Reeve, 1844) S/H IWP • Vexillum spicatum (Reeve, 1845) S/H IWP • Vexillum stainforthii (Reeve, 1842) S/H IWP • Vexillum suave (Souverbie, 1875) S/H IWP • Vexillum superbiens (Melvill, 1895) S/H IWP Vexillum turben (Reeve, 1844) H IWP Vexillum turriger (Reeve, 1845) S/H IA Vexillum unifasciale (Lamarck, 1811) S/H IWP • • • • • • Vexillum vulpecula (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • Vexillum zebuense (Reeve, 1844) S/H IA • Family: Buccinidae Caducifer truncatus (Hinds, 1844) H IWP Cantharus erythrostoma (Reeve, 1846) S/H IA • S/H WA • H IWP Cominella acutinodosa (Reeve, 1846) Clivipollia pulchra (Reeve, 1846) in • • Engina alveolata (Kiener, 1836) H IWP • Engina armillata (Reeve, 1846) H IWP • Engina bonaisa (von Martens, 1880) H IA • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 317 Endemic Habitat Engina concinna (Reeve, 1846) H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IA • • Engina cronuchorda Fraussen & Chino, 2011 H IA • Engina curtisiana (E.A. Smith, 1884) H IA • Engina egregia (Reeve, 1844) H IA • Engina lauta (Reve, 1846) H IWP • Engina lineata (Reeve, 1846) H IWP • Engina mendicaria (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Engina zonalis (Lamarck, 1822) H IWP Nassaria acuminata (Reeve, 1844) S IA • • Phos sculptilis Watson, 1886 S/H IA • Phos senticosus (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • Pisania decollata (G.B. Sowerby I, 1833) H IWP • Pisania fasciculata (Reeve, 1846) H IWP • Pisania ignea (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • Phos textum (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IA • Pollia fumosa (Dillwyn, 1817) H IWP • • Pollia undosa (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Polia wagneri (Anton, 1838) H IWP • Prodotia iostoma (J.E. Gray, 1834) H IWP • Siphonofusus chrysodomoides (Schepman, 1911) S/H IA • H IWP • Family: Columbellidae Aesopus clausiliformis (Kiener, 1834) • Euplica deshayesii (Crosse, 1859) H IWP • Euplica ionida (Duclos, 1840) S/H IA • Euplica livescens (Reeve, 1859) S/H IO Euplica scripta (Lamarck, 1822) S/H IWP • • • • Euplica turturina (Lamarck, 1822) H IWP Euplica varians (G.B. Sowerby I, 1832) S/H IWP • • Graphicomassa albina (Kiener, 1841) S/H IWP Graphicomassa ligula (Duclos, 1840) S/H IWP Mitrella essingtonensis (Reeve, 1859) in Mitrella mindorensis (Reeve, 1859) S NA S/H IA • • • • • Mitrella moleculina (Duclos, 1840) S/H IWP • • Mitrella puella (G.B. Sowerby I, 1844) S/H IWP • • Mokumea fuscolineata (Thiele, 1830) H IA • • Pardalina testudinaria (Link, 1807) S/H IWP • • • • Pardalinops marmorata (J.E. Gray, 1839) H IWP Pictocolumbella ocellata (Link, 1807) S/H IWP • Pseudanachis duclosianus (G.B. Sowerby I, 1844) M IA • Pyrene flava (Bruguière, 1789) H IWP • Pyrene obscura (G.B. Sowerby I, 1844) H IWP • Pyrene punctata (Bruguière, 1789) H IWP • Pyreneola abyssicola (Brazier, 1877) S/H IA Retizafra intricata (Hedley, 1912) S/H IA Zafra hedleyi (Thiele, 1930) Zafra troglodytes (Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1866) in/off • • • • H SA • • H IWP • • Zafrona acleonta (Duclos, 1840) H IA • Zafrona lifouana (Hervier, 1899) H IA • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 318 Species Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore Family: Nassariidae Cyllene pulchella A. Adams & Reeve, 1850 Cyllene sulcata G.B. Sowerby II, 1859 S in IWP • • S WA Hebra horrida (Dunker, 1847) S/H IWP • Nassarius acuticostus (Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1864) S/H IWP • Nassarius albescens (Dunker, 1846) S/H IWP • Nassarius algidus (Reeve, 1853) S IWP • Nassarius arcularia arcularia (Linnaeus, 1758) Nassarius bicallosus (E.A. Smith, 1876) in S/H IWP S NA • • • Nassarius callospira (A. Adams, 1852) S/H IWP • Nassarius castus (Gould, 1850) S/H IWP • Nassarius celebensis (Schepman, 1907) S IA • Nassarius concinnus (Powys, 1835) S/H IWP • Nassarius conoidalis (Deshayes, 1832) S/H IWP • Nassarius coronatus (Bruguière, 1789) S/H IWP • Nassarius crematus (Hinds, 1844) S/H IWP • Nassarius dorsatus (Röding, 1798) S IWP • Nassarius ecstilbus (Melvill & Standen, 1896) • • S/H IA S NA Nassarius fraudulentus (Marrat, 1877) S IWP • Nassarius gaudiosus (Hinds, 1844) H IWP • Nassarius fraudator Cernohorsky, 1980 in Nassarius glans (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP Nassarius granifer (Kiener, 1834) S/H IWP • • • • • Nassarius macrocephalus (Schepman, 1911) S/H IA • Nassarius melanoides (Reeve, 1835) M IWP • Nassarius olivaceus (Bruguière, 1789) S IWP • Nassarius papillosus (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • Nassarius cf. particeps (Hedley, 1915) S/H WA • Nassarius pauper (Gould, 1850) S/H IWP • Nassarius quadrasi (Hidalgo, 1904) S/H IWP Nassarius reevianus (Dunker, 1847) S/H IWP • • • • Nassarius cf. rotundus (Melvill & Standen, 1896) S/H U • Nassarius splendidulus (Dunker, 1846) S/H IWP • Nassarius sufflatus (Gould, 1860) S/H IWP • • Family: Melongenidae Saginafusus pricei (E.A. Smith, 1887) S/H IA • Volegalea cochlidium (Linnaeus, 1758) M IWP • Family: Fasciolariidae Dolicholatirus lancea (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP Dolichilatirus cf. thesaurus (Garrard, 1963) H U • • Fusinus colus (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • Fusinus cf. nicobaricus (Röding, 1798) S/H U • Fusinus undatus (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IWP Fusolatirus paetelianus (Kobelt, 1876) S/H IA • • Latirolagena smaragdula (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Latirus amplustre (Dillwyn, 1817) H IWP • Latirus belcheri (Reeve, 1847) H IWP • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 319 Endemic Habitat Latirus gibbus (Gmelin, 1791) H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IA • Latirus niger Odhner, 1917 H IA • Latirus polygonus (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • Latirus walkeri Melvill, 1895 H IA Nodilatirus nodatus (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • • Peristerna fastigium (Reeve, 1847) H IWP • • Peristena reincarnata Snyder, 2000 H IWP • • Peristerna nassatula (Lamarck, 1822) H IWP • Peristernia ustulata (Reeve, 1847) H IWP • Pleuroploca filamentosa (Röding, 1798) S/H IWP Pleuroploca trapezium (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • • Turrilatirus craticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Turrilatirus turritus (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • • Family: Colubrariidae Colubraria tenera (J.E. Gray, 1839) S/H IWP Colubraria maculosa (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • Colubraria muricata ([Lightfoot], 1786) H IWP Colubraria nitidula (G.B. Sowerby I, 1833) H IWP • Colubraria tortuosa (Reeve, 1844) H IWP • • • Family: Volutidae Amoria damonii damonii J.E. Gray, 1846 in S NA • Amoria ellioti (J.B. Sowerby II, 1846) in S WA • Amoria grayi Ludbrook, 1953 in S WA • Amoria jamrachii J.E. Gray, 1864 in S WA • Amoria spenceriana (Gatliff, 1908) off S/H WA Amoria praetexta (Reeve, 1849) in S WA • • Amoria turneri (J.E. Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834) in S NA Cymbiola baili Prati & Raybaudi, 1996 off S/H WA • • Cymbiola nivosa (Lamarck, 1804) in S/H WA • Cymbiola oblita E.A. Smith, 1909 in S/H WA • S/H IA • off S/H WA Melo amphora ([Lightfoot], 1786) Melo ashmorensis Morrison & Wells, 2005 • Volutoconus coniformis Cox, 1871 in S WA • Volutoconus hargreavesi (Angas, 1872) in S WA • in S NA • Family: Olividae Alcospira rosea Macpherson, 1956 Ancilista cingulata (G.B. Sowerby I, 1830) S IA • Ancillista muscae (Pilsbry, 1926) S IA • Oliva annulata (Gmelin, 1791) Oliva australis Duclos, 1835 in S/H IWP • S NA/SA • Oliva brettinghami Bridgman, 1909 S NA • Oliva caerulea (Röding, 1798) S/H IWP • Oliva carneola (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IWP Oliva irisans Lamarck, 1811 S IO • • • • Oliva miniacea Röding, 1798 S/H IWP • • Oliva nitidula Duclos, 1835 S/H IWP • • Oliva panniculata Duclos, 1835 S/H IWP • • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 320 Species Endemic Habitat Oliva sericea (Röding, 1798) S/H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • Oliva tessellata Lamarck, 1811 S/H IWP Oliva vidua (Röding, 1798) S/H IWP • • • Family: Harpidae Harpa amouretta Röding, 1798 S/H IWP Harpa articularis Lamarck, 1822 S/H IWP Harpa harpa (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • • Family: Cancellariidae Merica westralis (Garrard, 1975) in Trigonostoma bicolor (Hinds, 1843) S NA • S IWP • Trigonostoma scalariforme (Lamarck, 1822) S IA • Tritonoharpa antiquata (Reeve, 1844) S/H IWP • S/H IA • Family: Marginellidae Granulina anxia (Hedley, 1909) Mesoginella australis (Hinds, 1844) in S SA • Volvarina agatha (Laseron, 1957) in S/H SA • Volvarina philippinarum (Redfield, 1848) S/H IA • Volvarinella sp. 1 S/H U • Family: Cystiscidae Cystiscus angasi Crosse, 1870 in H SA • H SA • Conus achatinus Gmelin, 1791 S/H IA • Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 S/H IWP • Conus artopus G.B. Sowerby I, 1833 S/H IWP • Cystiscus cf. multidentatus May, 1920 Family: Conidae Conus aulicus Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP Conus aureus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • • Conus auricomus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • Conus aurisiacus Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • Conus balteatus G.B. Sowerby I, 1833 H IWP • Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • Conus bullatus Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP Conus canonicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • • Conus capitaneus Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP Conus catus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP Conus chaldeus (Röding, 1792) H IWP Conus circumcisus Born, 1778 S/H IWP Conus coccineus Gmelin, 1791 H IWP Conus coffeae Gmelin, 1791 H IWP Conus cf. connectens Iredale, 1929 H U Conus coronatus Gmelin, 1791 H IWP • • • • • • • • • • • • • Conus crocatus Lamarck, 1810 H IWP • Conus cylindraceus Brodreip & G.B. Sowerby II, 1830 H IWP • Conus dampierensis Filmer & Coomans, 1985 in Conus distans Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 Conus dorreensis Peron, 1807 Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758 in S/H WA H IWP • • H SA • H IWP • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 321 Endemic Habitat Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • • Conus episcopatus da Motta, 1982 H IWP • • Conus flavidus Lamarck, 1810 H IWP • • • Conus frigidus Reeve, 1848 H IWP Conus generalis Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • • Conus geographus Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • • Conus glans Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • • • Conus grangeri G.B. Sowerby III, 1900 H IA Conus granum Röckel & Fischoeder, 1985 H IA • Conus imperialis Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • Conus legatus Lamarck, 1810 H IWP • Conus leopardus (Röding, 1798) S/H IWP • Conus litoglyphus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • Conus litteratus Linnaeus, 1758 S/H IWP Conus lividus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • • • Conus magnificus Reeve, 1843 H IWP • Conus magus Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • • Conus miles Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • • • Conus miliaris Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP Conus moreleti Crosse, 1858 H IWP Conus morrisoni (Massilia, 1991) off Conus muriculatus G.B. Sowerby I, 1833 • • H WA • H IWP • Conus musicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 S/H IWP • • Conus mustelinus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • • H WA • H IWP Conus novaehollandiae A. Adams, 1853 in Conus nucleus Reeve, 1848 Conus nussatella Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP Conus obscurus G.B. Sowerby I, 1833 H IWP Conus omaria Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP Conus parvulus Link, 1807 H IWP • • • • • • • Conus pennaceus Born, 1778 H IWP • Conus pertusus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • Conus planorbis Born, 1778 H IWP Conus pulicarius Hwas in Bruguière, 1792 S/H IWP • Conus puncticulatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IA • Conus quercinus [Lightfoot], 1786 S/H IWP • Conus rattus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 Conus reductasopiralis Walls, 1979 in • H IWP • S/H WA • • Conus sanguinolentus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834 H IWP Conus sibogae Schepman, 1913 S/H IA Conus spectrum Linnaeus, 1758 S/H IWP Conus sponsalis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • H IA H IWP • • H IWP H IWP Conus sugillatus Reeve, 1844 S/H IWP Conus suturatus Reeve, 1844 H IWP • • • Conus stercusmuscarum Linnaeus, 1758 Conus striatus Linnaeus, 1758 • • Conus striatellus Link, 1807 Conus striolatus Kiener, 1845 • • • • • • • • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 322 Species Endemic Habitat Conus tenuistriatus G.B. Sowerby II, 1858 H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • Conus terebra Born, 1778 S/H IWP • • Conus tessulatus Born, 1778 S/H IWP • • • Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • Conus trigonus Reeve, 1848 S/H IWP • Conus varius Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • • Conus vexillum Gmelin, 1791 S/H IWP • • • • Conus victoriae Reeve, 1843 in H NA Conus virgo Linnaeus, 1758 S/H IWP Conus vitulinus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • S/H NA • S/H U • • • Family: Borsoniidae Tomopleura cicatrigula (Hedley, 1922) in Family: Clathurellidae Etrema sp. 1 Lienardia cf. falsaria Hedley, 1922 H U Lienardia rubida (Hinds, 1844) H IWP H IWP • • • Family: Drilliidae Clavus bilineatus (Reeve, 1845) • Clavus canalicularis (Röding, 1798) H IWP • Clavus exasperatus (Reeve, 1843) S/H IWP • Clavus cf. laetus (Hinds, 1843) H U • Clavus lamberti (Montrouzier, 1860) H IWP • Clavus unizonalis (Lamarck, 1822) S/H IWP Haedropleura pygmaea (Dunker, 1860) H IWP in S NA • in S NA • H IWP • S IWP • Splendrillia dampieria (Hedley, 1922) • • • Family: Clavatulidae Turricula granobalteus (Hedley, 1922) Family: Mitromorphidae Lovellona atramentosa (Reeve, 1849) Family: Mangeliidae Eucithara arenivaga Hedley, 1922 Eucithara conohelicoides (Reeve, 1846) S IWP • Eucithara funiculata (Reeve, 1846) S IWP • Eucithara cf. marginelloides (Reeve, 1846) S U Eucithara stromboides (Reeve, 1846) S IWP Eucithara cf. stromboides (Reeve, 1846) S U • • • Family: Raphitomidae Daphnella cf. botanica (Hedley, 1918) H U • Daphnella flammea (Hinds, 1843) H IA • Eucyclotoma albomaculata Kay, 1979 S/H IA Kermia sp. 1 H U • • Philbertia canistra Hedley, 1922 H IA Pseudodaphnella philippinensis (Reeve, 1843) H IWP Pseudodaphnella pulchra (Pease, 1860) H IA Tritonoturris cf. cumingii (Powys, 1835) H U Tritonoturris cf. menecharmes (Melvill, 1923) H U • • • • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS 323 Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore Inquisitor formidabilis Hedley, 1922 in NA Inquisitor sexradiata (Odhner, 1917) in Species Offshore Family: Pseudomelatomidae Ptychobela crenularis (Lamarck, 1816) S/H • S/H WA • S/H IA • S/H IA Family: Turridae Gemmula sibogae (Schepman, 1913) • Lophiotoma acuta (Perry, 1811) S/H IWP • Turridrupa acutigemmata (E.A. Smith, 1877) H IWP • Turridrupa bijubata (Reeve, 1843) H IWP Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816) S/H IWP Turris spectabilis (Reeve, 1843) S/H IWP • • • Xenuroturris cingulifera (Lamarck, 1822) S/H IWP • Xenuroturris millepunctata (G.B. Sowerby III, 1908) S/H IWP • S U Family: Terebridae Cinguloterebra cf. marrowae (Bratcher & Cernohorsky, 1982) • Duplicaria australis (E.A. Smith, 1873) in S NA • Duplicaria bernardii (Deshayes, 1857) in S NA • Duplicaria crakei (Burch, 1965) in S WA • Duplicaria duplicata (Linnaeus, 1758) in S WA • Duplicaria evoluta (Deshayes, 1859) S IWP • Duplicaria raphanula (Lamarck, 1822) S IWP • Granuliterebra tricincta (E.A. Smith, 1877) S IWP • Hastula albula (Menke, 1843) S/H IWP • • Hastula dispar (Deshayes, 1859) S IWP Hastula lanceata (Linnaeus, 1767) S/H IWP • • Hastula rufopunctata (E.A. Smith, 1877) S/H IWP • Hastula strigilata (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • Hastulopsis conspersa (Hinds, 1844) S IWP Hastulopsis cf. conspersa (Hinds, 1844) S U • • • Hastulopsis marmorata (Deshayes, 1859) S IWP • Impages anomala (J.E. Gray, 1834) S IWP • • Myurella affinis (J.E. Gray, 1834) S/H IWP • • Myurella columellaris (Hinds, 1844) S/H IWP • • Myurella kilburni (Burch, 1965) S/H IWP • Myurella nebulosa (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825) S/H IWP • Myurella undulata (J.E. Gray, 1834) S IWP Oxymeris areolata (Link, 1807) S IWP • • • Oxymeris cerithina (Lamarck, 1822) S IWP • Oxymeris chlorata (Lamarck, 1822) S IWP • Oxymeris crenulata (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP Oxymeris dimidiata (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP Oxymeris felina (Dillwyn, 1817) S/H IWP Oxymeris maculata (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • • • • • Terebra argus Hinds, 1844 S/H IWP • Terebra babylonia Lamarck, 1822 S/H IWP • Terebra funiculata Hinds, 1844 S IWP • Terebra guttata (Röding, 1798) S/H IWP • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 324 Species Endemic Habitat Terebra subulata (Linnaeus, 1767) S/H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • Terebra succincta (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IWP Terebra violascens Hinds, 1844 S IWP • • Terebra walkeri E.A. Smith, 1899 S IWP Terenolla pygmaea (Hinds, 1844) S/H IWP • • Family: Architectonicidae Architectonica perdix (Hinds, 1844) S IWP • Architectonica perspectiva (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • • Heliacus variegatus (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IWP Psilaxis radiatus (Röding, 1798) H IWP S WA • Colsyrnola sp. 1 S U • Cossmannica cf. jacksonensis Dall & Bartsch, 1906 S U • • • Family: Pyramidellidae Cingulina imperita Laseron, 1959 in Egila sp. 1 Elodiamea fasciata Laseron, 1959 in/off Hinemoa gumia Hedley, 1909 in Instarella sp. 1 Koloonella laxa (Watson, 1886) S U • S SA • S SA • S U • S IA • in S SA • S U • Miralda senex (Hedley, 1902) in S SA • Odostomia mera Laseron, 1959 in S SA • S/H IWP Koloonella turrita (Petterd, 1884) Linopyrga sp. 1 Otopleura auriscati (Dillwyn, 1817) Otopleura mitralis (A. Adams, 1855) Pareglia henni (Henn & Brazier, 1894) in S/H IWP S SA • • • • Pyramidella acus (Gmelin, 1791) S IWP • Pyramidella dolabrata (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • Pyramidella maculosa (A. Adams, 1854) S IWP • Pyramidella terebellum (O.F. Müller, 1774) S IWP • Pyramidella teres (A. Adams, 1854) S IWP Pyrgiscus sp. 1 S U • • Quirella mirationis Laseron, 1959 in S SA • Syrnola pulchra Brazier, 1877 in S SA • Tropeas subulata (A. Adams, 1855) S IWP • Turbonilla sp. 1 S U • Amathina sp. 1 EZ/S U • Leucotina casta (A. Adams, 1853) S IWP • S U • Family: Amathinidae Family: Acteonidae Acteon sp. 1 Japonacteon suturalis (A. Adams, 1855) S IA • Pupa solidula Linnaeus, 1758 S/H IWP • • Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IWP • • Family: Aplustridae Aplustrum amplustre (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • Hydatina physis (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H C • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS 325 Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore H IWP • Acteocina decorata (Pilsbry, 1904) S/H IWP • Acteocina sp. 1 S U • S U • S U • Chelidonura amoena Bergh, 1905 H IA • Chelidonura hirundinina (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) H IWP • Chelidonura pallida Risbec, 1951 H IA • Species Endemic Habitat Family: Diaphanidae Colpodaspis thompsoni G.H. Brown, 1979 Family: Cylichnidae Family: Retusidae Retusa sp. 1 Family: Philinidae Philine sp. 1 Family: Aglajidae • Chelidonura tsurugensis Baba & Abe, 1964 H IA • Melanochlamys sp. 1 S U • Odontoglaja guamensis Rudman, 1978 S/H IWP • Philinopsis gardineri (Eliot, 1903) S/H IWP • Philinopsis pilsbryi (Eliot, 1900) S/H IWP • Philinopsis reticulata (Eliot, 1903) S/H IWP • H IWP • S/H IWP Family: Gastropteridae Sagaminopteron psychedelicum Carlson & Hoff, 1974 Family: Haminoeidae Aliculastrum cylindricum (Helbling, 1779) • • Atys naucum (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • Atys semistriatus Pease, 1860 S/H IWP • Haminoea cymbalum (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) H IWP Haminoea sp. 1 H U • • Liloa curta (A. Adams, 1850) S IWP Phanerophthalmus smaragdinus (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) H IWP • • Family: Bullidae Bulla ampulla Linnaeus, 1758 S/H IWP Bulla orientalis Habe, 1950 S/H IA Bulla quoyii J.E. Gray, 1843 in • • • S/H SA • S/H IWP • • Oxynoe sp. 1 EP/H U • • Volvatella sp. 1 EP/H U • • Bulla vernicosa Gould, 1859 Family: Oxynoidae Family: Plakobranchidae Elysia expansa (O'Donoghue, 1924) H IWP • Elysia ornata (Swainson, 1840) H IWP • • Elysia pusilla (Bergh, 1871) EZ/H IWP Elysia cf. trisinuata Baba, 1949 H U Pattyclaya brycei Jensen & Wells, 1990 off • • H WA • Plakobranchus ocellatus van Hasselt, 1824 S/H IWP • Thuridilla carlsoni Gosliner, 1995 H IWP • 326 Species Thuridilla coerulea (Kelaart, 1857) R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH Endemic Habitat H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IA • Thuridilla gracilis (Risbec, 1928) H IWP Thuridilla indopacifica Gosliner, 1995 H IWP • • • Thuridilla cf. lineolata (Bergh, 1905) H U Thuridilla vataae (Risbec, 1928) H IWP • H U • EZ/H U • Family: Caliphyllidae Polybranchia cf. westralis Jensen, 1993 Family: Limapontiidae Stiliger sp. 1 Family: Aplysiidae Aplysia argus Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830 H IWP • Aplysia oculifera A. Adams & Reeve, 1850 H IA • Aplysia parvula Mörch, 1863 H IWP Aplysia cf. reticulata Eales, 1960 H U • • • Bursatella leachii Blainville, 1817 H IWP • Dolabella auricularia ([Lightfoot], 1786) H IWP • • • Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828) H IWP • Petalifera petalifera (Rang, 1828) EZ/H IWP • H C • Family: Umbraculidae Umbraculum umbraculum ([Lightfoot], 1786) Family: Pleurobranchidae Berthella martensi (Pilsbry, 1896) H IWP • Berthellina citrina (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828) H IWP • Pleurobranchus forskalii Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828 H IWP • • Family: Cavoliniidae Cavolinia tridentata (Forsskäl in Niebuhr, 1775) P IWP • Cavolinia uncinata (d'Orbigny, 1834) P IWP • Diacavolinia longirostris (Blainville, 1821) P IWP • • P IWP • • H IWP • • H IWP Family: Creseidae Creseis acicula (Rang, 1828) Family: Hexabranchidae Hexabranchus sanguineus (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) Family: Goniodorididae Goniodoridella savigni Pruvot-Fol, 1933 • Okenia sp. 1 H U • Okenia sp. 2 H U • Trapania sp. 1 H U H IWP Nembrotha cristata Bergh, 1877 H IWP Nembrotha kubaryana Bergh, 1877 H IWP Nembrotha lineolata Bergh, 1905 H IWP • • • Family: Triophidae Plocamopherus tilesii Bergh, 1877 Family: Polyceridae Nembrotha purpureolineata O'Donoghue, 1924 H IA Roboastra gracilis (Bergh, 1877) H IWP • • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 327 Endemic Habitat Tambja affinis (Eliot, 1904) H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • Thecacera pacifica Bergh, 1883 H IA • Thecacera picta Baba, 1972 H IA • Family: Gymnodorididae Gymnodoris alba (Bergh, 1877) H IWP • • Gymnodoris citrina (Bergh, 1875) H IWP • • • • Gymnodoris impudica (Bergh, 1905) H IWP Gymnodoris okinawae Baba, 1936 H IA Gymnodoris cf. subflava Baba, 1949 H U • • Family: Aegiridae Aegires gardineri (Eliot, 1906) H IWP • Aegires minor (Eliot, 1904) H IWP • Aegires serenae (Gosliner & Behrens, 1997) H IA • Family: Chromodorididae Ardeadoris egretta Rudman, 1984 H IWP Ceratosoma trilobatum (J.E. Gray, 1827) H IWP • • • Chromodoris annae Bergh, 1877 H IA • Chromodoris aspersa (Gould, 1852) H IWP • Chromodoris elisabethina Bergh, 1877 H IWP Chromodoris lineolata (van Hasselt, 1824) H IWP • • Chromodoris magnifica (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) H IWP Chromodoris michaeli Gosliner & Behrens, 1998 H IA Chromodoris cf. quadricolor (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) H U Chromodoris striatella Bergh, 1877 H IWP Chromodoris westraliensis (O'Donoghue, 1924) Dorisprismatica atromarginata (Cuvier, 1804) in • • • • • H WA • H IWP • • • • Glossodoris cincta (Bergh, 1888) H IWP Glossodoris hikuerensis (Pruvot-Fol, 1954) H IA • Glossodoris rufomarginata (Bergh, 1890) H IWP • Goniobranchus cf. aureopurpurea (Collingwood, 1881) H IA • • Goniobranchus coi (Risbec, 1956) H IA • Goniobranchus decorus (Pease, 1860) H IWP • Goniobranchus fidelis (Kelaart, 1858) H IWP Goniobranchus geometricus (Risbec, 1928) H IWP Goniobranchus kuniei (Pruvot-Fol, 1930) H IA Goniobranchus leopardus Rudman, 1987 H IA • • • • Goniobranchus cf. reticulatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) H U Goniobranchus cf. tinctorius (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) H U Goniobranchus tumuliferus (Collingwood, 1881) H IWP • Goniobranchus verrieri (Crosse, 1875) H IWP • • • • • Hypselodoris bullockii (Collingwood, 1881) H IWP • Hypselodoris infucata (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) H IWP • Hypselodoris maculosa (Pease, 1871) H IWP Hypselodoris tryoni (Garrett, 1873) H IWP • • Hypselodoris sp. 1 H U • Mexichromis macropus Rudman, 1983 H IA • Mexichromis mariei (Crosse, 1872) H IWP • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 328 Species Endemic Habitat Mexichromis trilineata (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • Miamira miamirana (Bergh, 1875) H IWP • Miamira sinuata (van Hasselt, 1824) H IWP • Noumea romeri Risbec, 1928 H IA • Noumea cf. varians (Pease, 1871) H U • Thorunna daniellae (Kay & Young, 1969) H IWP Thorunna florens (Baba, 1949) H IA • S/H NA • • Family: Dorididae Aphelodoris gigas N.G. Wilson, 2003 in Family: Discodorididae Asteronotus cespitosus (van Hasselt, 1824) H IWP • Atagema intecta (Kelaart, 1858) H IWP • • • • Atagema spongiosa (Kelaart, 1858) H IWP Discodoris boholiensis Bergh, 1877 H IA Halgerda brycei Fahey & Gosliner, 2001 in Halgerda carlsoni Rudman, 1978 • H WA • H IWP • • Halgerda punctata Farran, 1905 H IWP Halgerda tessellata (Bergh, 1880) H IWP • Hoplodoris nodulosa (Angas, 1864) H IWP • Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859) H IWP • Jorunna cf. pantherina (Angas, 1864) H U • Jorunna rubescens (Bergh, 1876) H IWP • Montereina concinna (Alder & Hancock, 1864) H IWP Platydoris cruenta (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) H IWP Platydoris dierythros Fahey & Valdés, 2003 Platydoris cf. formosa (Alder & Hancock, 1864) in H WA H U • • • • • Platydoris scabra (Cuvier, 1804) H IWP • Rostanga bifurcata Rudman & Avern, 1989 H IA • Thordisa sp. 1 H U • Sebadoris fragilis (Alder & Hancock, 1864) H IWP • H IA • • • Family: Dendrodorididae Dendrodoris albobrunnea Allan, 1933 Dendrodoris arborescens (Collingwood, 1881) H IWP • Dendrodoris fumata (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) H IWP • Dendrodoris krusensternii (J.E. Gray, 1850) H IWP • Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1855) H IWP • • Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaart, 1858) H IWP Dendrodoris tuberculosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832) S/H IWP • • Family: Phyllidiidae Phyllidia babai Brunckhorst, 1993 H IWP • Phyllidia coelestis Bergh, 1905 H IWP • • • Phyllidia elegans Bergh, 1869 H IWP • Phyllidia picta Pruvot-Fol, 1957 H IWP • Phyllidia ocellata Cuvier, 1804 H IWP • Phyllidia polkadotsa Brunckhorst, 1993 H IWP • Phyllidia rueppelii (Bergh, 1869) H IO • Phyllidia varicosa Lamarck, 1801 H IWP • • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 329 Endemic Habitat Phyllidiella lizae Brunckhorst, 1993 H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IA • • • Phyllidiella nigra (van Hasselt, 1824) H IWP Phyllidiella pustulosa (Cuvier, 1804) H IWP • • Phyllidiella rudmani Brunckhorst, 1993 H IA Phyllidiella zeylanica (Kelaart, 1859) H IO • Phyllidiopsis annae Brunckhorst, 1993 H IA Phyllidiopsis krempfi Pruvot-Fol, 1957 H IWP • • Phyllidiopsis loricata (Bergh, 1873) H IWP Phyllidiopsis shireenae Brunckhorst, 1990 H IWP • • • • • Phyllidiopsis xishaensis (Lin, 1983) H IWP Reticulidia fungia Brunckhorst & Gosliner in Brunckhorst, 1993 H IA • H U • H IWP • H IWP • Melibe bucephala Bergh, 1902 H IWP • Melibe cf. pilosa Pease, 1860 H U • S/H U H IWP H IWP • H IWP • • • Family: Tritoniidae Tritonia sp. 1 Family: Bornellidae Bornella anguilla S. Johnson, 1984 • Family: Scyllaeidae Scyllaea fulva Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 Family: Tethydidae Family: Arminidae Dermatobranchus sp. 1 • Family: Madrellidae Madrella ferruginosa Alder & Hancock, 1864 Family: Zephyrinidae Janolus sp. 1 Family: Flabellinidae Flabellina bicolor (Kelaart, 1858) Flabellina rubrolineata (O'Donoghue, 1929) Flabellina westralis (Burn, 1964) in H IWP • H NA • H U • H IWP • Family: Aeolidiidae Anteaeolidiella sp. 1 Family: Facelinidae Moridilla brockii Bergh, 1888 Phidiana indica (Bergh, 1896) H IWP Phyllodesmium briareum Bergh, 1896 EZ/H IA Phyllodesmium colemani Rudman, 1991 EZ/H IWP Phyllodesmium hyalinum Ehrenberg, 1831 EZ/H IWP • • • • • Phyllodesmium magnum Rudman, 1991 EZ/H IWP • Pteraeolidia ianthina (Angas, 1864) H IWP • • Family: Tergipedidae Phestilla minor Rudman, 1981 EZ/H IWP • Tergipes sp. 1 H U • Trinchesia sp. 1 H U • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 330 Species Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore P C • M U Endemic Habitat Family: Fionidae Fiona pinnata (Eschscholtz, 1831) Family: Onchidiidae Onchidium sp. 1 • Onchidium sp. 2 M U • Onchidium sp. 3 M U • Onchidium sp. 4 M U • Onchidium sp. 5 M U • Peronia sp. 1 M/H U Peronia sp. 2 M/H U • • Family: Amphibolidae Lactiforis tropicalis Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007 in M NA • Salinator rosacea Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007 in M NA • H IWP • Family: Siphonariidae Siphonaria atra Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 Siphonaria kurracheensis (Reeve, 1856) H IO • Siphonaria laciniosa Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • Siphonaria normalis Gould, 1846 H IWP • Family: Ellobiidae Allochroa layardi (H. & A. Adams, 1855) H IWP Auriculastra sp. 1 H U • • Auriculastra sp. 2 H U • Cassidula angulifera (Petit de la Saussaye, 1841) M IA • Cassidula coelata (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841) M IA • Cassidula cf. mustelina (Deshayes, 1830) M U • Cassidula nucleus (Gmelin, 1791) M IWP • Cassidula sowerbyana (Pfeiffer, 1853) M IA • Ellobium aurisjudae (Linnaeus, 1758) M IWP • Laemodonta monilifera (H. & A. Adams, 1854) H IWP • Laemodonta punctigera (H. & A. Adams, 1854) H IWP • Laemodonta typica (H. & A. Adams, 1854) H IWP • • Marinula sp. 1 H U Melampus cristatus Pfeiffer, 1855 M IWP • Melampus cf. striatus (Pease, 1861) M U • Pedipes afer (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • in S NA • in S NA • S U • Family: Solemyidae Solemya velesiana Iredale, 1931 Family: Nuculidae Ennucula superba (Hedley, 1902) Family: Nuculanidae Nuculana aff. electilis (Hedley, 1915) Family: Mytilidae Amygdalum glaberrimum (Dunker, 1856) in/off S SA • Arcuatula sp. 1 S U • Botula fusca (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 331 Endemic Habitat Botula silicula (Lamarck, 1819) H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • • Brachidontes cf. crebrstriatus (Conrad, 1837) H U • Brachidontes curvatus (Dunker, 1856) H IWP • Brachidontes maritimus (Pilsbry, 1921) in H NA • Brachidontes sculptus (Iredale, 1939) in H WA • Brachidontes setiger Odhner, 1917 in Brachidontes subramosus Hanley, 1844 Brachidontes ustulatus Lamarck, 1819 in Crenella sp. 1 Gregariella splendida (Dunker, 1857) in Lithophaga laevigata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) H WA • H IA • H SA • H U • H SA • EZ/H IWP • Lithophaga nasuta (Philippi, 1846) EZ/H IWP • • Lithophaga teres (Philippi, 1846) EZ/H IWP • • Modiola vagina (Lamarck, 1819) Modiolus albicostatus Lamarck, 1818 in S IWP • S/H SA • Modiolus auriculatus Krauss, 1848 H IWP • Modiolus elongatus Swainson, 1821 S IWP • Modiolus flavidus Dunker, 1856 S/H IWP • Modiolus micropterus Deshayes, 1836 S IWP • Modiolus ostentatus Iredale, 1939 S/H IA • Modiolus philippinarum Hanley, 1843 S/H IWP • Modiolus proclivis Iredale, 1939 S/H IA • Modiolus pulvillus Iredale, 1939 S/H IA • • Modiolus trailli Reeve, 1857 S/H IA • Musculus cumingianus (Dunker in Reeve, 1857) H IWP • • • Septifer bilocularis (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Stavelia subdistorta Récluz, 1852 H IWP • Family: Arcidae Anadara antiquata (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • Anadara craticulata (Nyst, 1848) S IWP • Anadara crebricostata (Reeve, 1844) S IWP • Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) M/S IA • Anadara gubernaculum (Reeve, 1844) S IWP • Anadara inaequivalvis (Bruguière, 1789) S IWP • Anadara rotundicostata (Reeve, 1844) S IWP • Anadara rufescens (Reeve, 1844) S IWP • Anadara scapha (Linnaeus, 1758) Anadara trapezia (Deshayes, 1840) in S IWP • S SA • • Arca avellana Lamarck, 1819 H IWP Arca decussata Yokoyama, 1920 H IWP Arca navicularis Bruguière, 1789 S/H IWP • H IWP • • Barbatia amygdalumtostum (Röding, 1798) H IWP H U • • • Arca ventricosa Lamarck, 1819 Barbatia cf. cometa (Reeve, 1844) • • • • Barbatia cruciata (Philippi, 1849) H IWP • Barbatia foliata (Forsskå1, 1775) H IWP • Barbatia cf. grayana (Dunker, 1858) H U • Barbatia helblingi Bruguière, 1789 H IWP • • • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 332 Species Endemic Habitat Barbatia lacerata (Linnaeus, 1758) H Barbatia obliquata (Wood, 1828) Barbatia pistachia (Lamarck, 1819) in Biogeographic code Inshore IWP • H IWP • H SA • • Barbatia plicata (Dillwyn, 1817) H IWP Barbatia reticulata (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP Offshore • • • Barbatia tenella (Reeve, 1843) H IWP Trisidos semitorta (Lamarck, 1819) S IWP • Trisidos tortuosa (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • S IWP • Arcopsis afra (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • Sheldonella lateralis (Reeve, 1844) H IA • • Family: Cucullaeidae Cucullaea labiata ([Lightfoot], 1786) Family: Noetiidae • Family: Glycymerididae Glycymeris crebriliratus (G.B. Sowerby III, 1889) in S NA • Glycymeris dampierensis Matsukuma, 1984 in S WA • Glycymeris persimilis (Iredale, 1939) in S WA • S IA Glycymeris reevei (Mayer, 1868) • Tucetona auriflua (Reeve, 1843) in S WA • Tucetona odhneri Iredale, 1939 in S WA • S/H IWP • S IA • Electroma alacorvi (Dillwyn, 1817) H IWP • Electroma ovata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) H IWP • Electroma physoides (Lamarck, 1819) EZ/H IWP • Tucetona pectunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) • Family: Limopsidae Limopsis woodwardi A. Adams, 1863 Family: Pteriidae Pinctada albina (Lamarck, 1819) H IWP • • Pinctada maculata (Gould, 1850) H IWP • • • Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Pinctada maxima (Jameson, 1901) H IWP • Pteria avicular (Holten, 1802) EZ/H IWP Pteria lata (J.E. Gray, 1845) EZ/H IWP • • Pteria cf. levitata (Iredale, 1939) EZ/H U • Pteria maura (Reeve, 1857) EZ/H IWP • Pteria penguin (Röding, 1798) H IWP Pteria peasei (Dunker, 1872) EZ/H IWP S/H IWP • • • Family: Malleidae Malleus malleus (Linnaeus, 1758) Malleus cf. meridianus Cotton, 1930 in • S/H SA • Malleus regula (Forsskäl, 1775) S/H IWP • • Vulsella vulsella (linnaeus, 1758) EZ/S/H IWP • • • Family: Isognomonidae Crenatula modiolaris Lamarck, 1819 S/H IWP Crenatula picta (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IWP Isognomon ephippium (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species Isognomon isognomum (Linnaeus, 1758) 333 Endemic Habitat H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • • • Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP Isognomon cf. marsupialis (Röding, 1798) H U Isognomon nucleus (Lamarck, 1819) H IWP Isognomon perna (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • • • • Family: Pinnidae Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • • Atrina vexillum (Born, 1778) S/H IWP • • • Pinna bicolor Gmelin, 1791 S/H IWP • Pinna deltodes Menke, 1843 S/H IWP • • Pinna muricata Linnaeus, 1758 S/H IWP Streptopinnata saccata (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP H IWP • • Family: Gryphaeidae Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758) • • • Hyotissa imbricata (Lamarck, 1819) S/H IWP Hyotissa numisma (Lamarck, 1819) S/H IWP • H IWP • • Family: Ostreidae Alectryonella plicatula (Gmelin, 1791) Dendostrea folium (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Lopha cristagalli (Linnaeus, 1758) EZ/S/H IWP • • Nanostrea fluctigera (Jousseaume in Lamy, 1925) H IWP • Pustulostrea tuberculata (lamarck, 1819) H IWP • Saccostrea cucullata cucullata (Born, 1778) H IA • Saccostrea cf. cucullata glomerata (Gould, 1850) H WA • Saccostrea scyphophilla (Peron & Lesueur, 1807) H IA • Saccostrea mytiloides (Lamarck, 1819) H IA • • Family: Placunidae Placuna ephippium Philipsson, 1788 S/H IWP • Placuna lobata G.B. Sowerby I, 1871 S/H IWP • Placuna placenta (Linnaeus, 1758) M/H/S IWP • Family: Anomiidae Anomia cf. trigonopsis Hutton, 1877 H U • Enigmonia aenigmatica (Holten, 1802) M/H/S IWP • Patro australis (J.E. Gray, 1847) H IA • • Family: Propeamussiidae Amusium balloti (Bernardi, 1861) S IA • Amusium pleuronectes (Linnaeus, 1758) S IA • H IWP Family: Pectinidae Anguipecten superbus (G.B. Sowerby II, 1842) Annachlamys flabellata (Lamarck, 1819) S IWP Annachlamys reevei (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) S IWP Bractechlamys oweni (de Gregorio, 1884) H IWP Complicachlamys wardiana Iredale, 1939 S/H IWP • • • • • Comptopallium cf. vexillum (Reeve, 1853) H U Coralichlamys madreporarum (Petit in G.B. Sowerby I, 1842) EZ/H IWP • Cryptopecten nux (Reeve, 1853) S IA • • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 334 Species Decatopecten radula griggi (Webb, 1957) Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore in/off WA • • • • H Excellichlamys histrionica (Gmelin, 1791) S IWP Excellichlamys spectabilis (Reeve, 1853) S IWP • Glorichlamys elegantissima (Deshayes in Maillard, 1863) H IWP Glorichlamys quadrilirata (Lischke, 1870) H IA • • Gloripallium pallium (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP Gloripallium speciosum (Reeve, 1853) H IWP • • • Hemipecten forbesianus A. Adams & Reeve, 1849 H IA • • Laevichlamys cuneata (Reeve, 1853) H IA • • Laevichlamys lemniscata (Reeve, 1853) H IA • Laevichlamys squamosa (Gmelin, 1791) H IA • Mimachlamys cloacata (Reeve, 1853) Mimachlamys funebris (Reeve, 1853) in/off S/H IA • S/H NA • • Mimachlamys gloriosa (Reeve, 1853) S/H IWP Mimachlamys lentiginosa (Reeve, 1853) H IWP Mimachlamys punctata (Gmelin, 1791) Mimachlamys scabricostata (G.B. Sowerby III, 1915) in H IWP • WA • • Minnivola pyxidata (Born, 1778) S IWP H IWP • • S/H Mirapecten mirificus (Reeve, 1853) • • • Mirapecten moluccensis Dijkstra, 1988 H IA • Mirapecten rastellum (Lamarck, 1819) H IA • Pedum spondyloideum (Gmelin, 1791) EZ/H IWP • Scaeochlamys squamea Dijkstra & Maestrati, 2009 H IA • Semipallium dianae (Crandall, 1979) H IA Semipallium dringi (Reeve, 1853) H IWP • • Semipallium flavicans (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP Semipallium fulvicostatum (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) H IWP Volachlamys singaporina (G.B. Sowerby II, 1842) S/H IWP • • • • • Family: Spondylidae Spondylus anacanthus Mawe, 1823 H IWP Spondylus candidus Lamarck, 1819 H IWP • • Spondylus echinatus Schreibers, 1793 H IWP Spondylus foliaceus Schreibers, 1793 H IWP • • • Spondylus lamarckii Chenu, 1845 H IWP • Spondylus linguafelis G.B. Sowerby II, 1847 H IWP • Spondylus nicobaricus Schreibers, 1793 H IWP • • Spondylus sinensis Schreibers, 1793 H IWP • • • Spondylus squamosus Schreibers, 1793 H IWP • Spondylus tenellus Reeve, 1856 H IWP • Spondylus varius G.B. Sowerby I, 1827 H IWP Spondylus victoriae G.B. Sowerby II, 1860 H IA • Spondylus violascens Lamarck, 1819 H IWP • • Plicatula australis Lamarck, 1819 H IWP • • Plicatula essingtonensis G.B. Sowerby II, 1873 H IA • Ctenoides ales (Finlay, 1927) H IA Ctenoides annulata (Lamarck, 1819) H IWP • Family: Plicatulidae Family: Limidae • • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 335 Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore • Lima vulgaris (Link, 1807) H IWP • Limaria basilanica (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) H IWP • Limaria fragilis (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • Limaria orientalis (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) S/H IA • Limatula cf. japonica colmani Fleming, 1978 Limatula tadena (Iredale, 1939) in Limea cf. austrina Tate, 1887 S U • S NA • S U • • Family: Trigoniidae Neotrigonia crebrisculpta (Odhner, 1917) in S WA • Neotrigonia jacksoni Morrison, 2011 in S WA • Neotrigonia uniophora (J.E. Gray, 1847) in S NA • M IWP • Family: Lucinidae Anodontia edentula (Linnaeus, 1758) Anodontia pila (Reeve, 1850) M/S IWP • Austriella corrugata (Deshayes, 1843) M IWP • Cardiolucina eucosmia (Dall, 1901) M/S IA • Cavatidens cf. omissa Iredale, 1930 S U • Caviatidens sp. 1 S U • Codakia interrupta (Lamarck, 1816) S/H IWP • Codakia paytenorum (Iredale, 1937) S/H IA • • • Codakia punctata (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • Codakia tigerina (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • • Ctena bella (Conrad, 1837) Divalinga bardwelli (Iredale, 1936) in S/H IWP • S WA • Divalucina cumingi (A. Adams & Angas, 1864) S SA • Divaricella irpex (E.A. Smith, 1885) S IA • Fimbria fimbriata (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP Fimbria souverbii (Reeve, 1842) S/H IWP • • • Lucina sp. 1 S U • Prophetilora simplex (Reeve, 1850) S IWP • Myrtea sp. 1 S U • Nevenulora sp. 1 S U • Wallucina fijiensis (E.A. Smith, 1885) S IA • Diplodonta sp. 1 S U • Felaniella globularis (Lamarck, 1818) S/H IA • Family: Ungulinidae • Family: Carditidae Beguina semiorbiculata (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP Cardita cf. aviculina Lamarck, 1819 H U • Cardita crassicosta Lamarck, 1819 S/H IWP • Cardita muricata G.B. Sowerby I, 1833 H IWP Cardita variegata Bruguière, 1792 H IWP • • • • • Cardites canaliculatus (Reeve, 1843) S/H IWP • Megacardita marmorea (Reeve, 1843) S/H IA • Megacardita preissii (Menke, 1843) S/H IA • Megacardita turgida (Lamarck, 1819) S/H IA • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 336 Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore Eucrassatella decipiens (Reeve, 1842) in S WA • Eucrassatella pulchra (Reeve, 1842) in S WA • • Species Offshore Family: Crassatellidae Family: Chamidae Chama asperella Lamarck, 1819 H IWP Chama croceata Lamarck, 1819 H IWP • • Chama lazarus Linnaeus, 1758 H IWP • • Chama limbula Lamarck, 1819 H IWP • • Chama pacifica Broderip, 1835 H IWP • • • Family: Galeommatidae Ephippodonta granulifera Odhner, 1917 in/off EZ/S NA • Pseudopythina cf. macrophthalmensis B. Morton & Scott, 1989 EZ/S U • Scintilla sp. 1 H U • Kellia sp. 1 S/H U • Radobornia sp. 1 H U • • Family: Kelliidae Family: Lasaeidae Erycina sp. 1 Lasaea australis (Lamarck, 1818) in H U H SA • • EZ/S U • • Family: Montacutidae Barrimysia cf. cumingi (A. Adams, 1856) Curvemysella sp. 1 EZ/S U Mysella sp. 1 EZ/S U S/H IWP • Family: Cardiidae Acrosterigma biradiatum (Bruguière, 1789) Acrosterigma impolitum (G.B. Sowerby II, 1841) in Acrosterigma punctolineatum Healy & Lamprell, 1992 • S/H NA • S/H IA • Corculum cardissa (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP Ctenocardia fornicata (G.B. Sowerby, II, 1840) S/H IA Ctenocardia gustavi Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007 S/H IA Fragum fragum (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP Fragum mundum (Reeve,1845) S/H IWP Fragum unedo (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • • • • • • • • Freneixicardia victor (Angas, 1872) S IA • Fulvia aperta (Bruguière, 1789) S IA • • • Fulvia australis (G.B. Sowerby II, 1834) S IA • Fulvia laevigata (Linnaeus, 1758) S IA • Lunulicardia hemicardium (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • Lunulicardia retusa (Linnaeus, 1767) S IWP • Lyrocardium lyratum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1840) S IA • Maoricardium cf. setosum (Redfield, 1848) S U • Microfragum erugatum (Tate, 1889) S IA • Microfragum festivum (Deshayes, 1855) S IA • Vasticardium angulatum (Lamarck, 1819) S/H IWP • Vasticardium dupuchense (Reeve, 1845) in S/H WA • Vasticardium elongatum wilsoni (Voskuil & Onverwagt, 1991) in/off S/H NA • • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species Vasticardium fultoni (G.B. Sowerby III, 1916) 337 Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore in WA • • S/H Vasticardium mendanaense (G.B. Sowerby III, 1897) S/H IA Vasticardium philippinense (Hedley, 1899) S/H IA Offshore • • Vasticardium vertebratum (Jonas, 1844) S/H IA • Vepricardium multispinosum (G.B. Sowerby II, 1839) S IA • Family: Tridacnidae Hippopus hippopus (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • Tridacna crocea Lamarck, 1819 H IWP • • Tridacna derasa (Röding, 1798) H IWP • Tridacna gigas (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Tridacna maxima (Röding, 1798) H IWP • • Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1819 H IWP • • S IWP • • Family: Mactridae Heterocardia gibbosula Deshayes, 1855 Mactra abbreviata Lamarck, 1819 S IWP Mactra artensis Montrouzier in Fischer, 1859 S IA Mactra cumingii Reeve, 1854 in Mactra dissimilis Reeve, 1854 S WA • S IA • Mactra eximia Reeve, 1854 in S NA • Mactra grandis Gmelin, 1791 in S WA • Mactra incarnata Reeve, 1854 S IA • Mactra luzonica Reeve, 1854 S IA • Mactra maculata Gmelin, 1791 S IWP Mactra mera Reeve, 1854 S IA Mactra ovalina Lamarck, 1818 Mactra pura Reeve, 1854 • • S IA • in S SA • S IA • in S WA • Mactra sericea Reeve, 1854 Mactra westralis Lamprell & Whitehead, 1990 • • Mactrotoma antecedens (Iredale, 1930) S IA • Meropesta nicobarica (Gmelin, 1791) S IWP • Meropesta pellucida (Gmelin, 1791) S IWP • Micromactra angulifera (Deshayes, 1854) S IA • Oxyperas aspersa (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825) S IA Oxyperas coppingeri (E.A. Smith, 1884) S IA • S WA • • • Family: Mesodesmatidae Atactodea heterodon (Reeve, 1854) in Atactodea striata (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IWP Davila plana (Hanley, 1843) S/H IWP S SA • Donax cuneatus Linnaeus, 1758 S/H IWP • Donax faba Linnaeus, 1758 S/H IWP • Paphies elongata (Reeve, 1854) in Family: Donacidae Family: Solenidae Solen fonesi Dunker, 1862 S IA • Solen grandis Dunker, 1862 S IA • S SA • Solen vagina Linnaeus, 1758 in • • 338 Species R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore Family: Pharidae Cultellus attenuatus Dunker, 1861 S IA • Ensiculus cultellus (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • Neosiliqua winteriana (Dunker, 1853) S IA • Phaxas sp. 1 S U • Siliqua sp. 1 S U • S U Family: Semelidae Abra sp. 1 Leptomya psittacus Hanley, 1882 S/H IWP Semele amabilis A. Adams, 1854 S/H IWP • • • Semele australis (G.B. Sowerby I, 1833) S/H IWP • Semele carnicolor (Hanley, 1844) S/H IWP • Semele casta A. Adams, 1854 S/H IWP Semele crenulata (Reeve, 1853) S/H IWP • • • Semele jukesii (Reeve, 1853) S/H IWP • Semele lamellosa (Reeve, 1853) S/H IWP • Semele cf. scabra (Hanley, 1843) S/H U • Semele sinensis A. Adams, 1853 S/H IWP • • Semele cf. zalosa Chessney & Oliver, 1994 S/H U • Semele zebuensis (Hanley, 1843) S/H U • • H IWP • • Family: Psammobiidae Asaphis violascens (Forsskål, 1775) Gari amethysta (Wood, 1815) S IWP • Gari anomala (Deshayes, 1855) S IA • Gari lessoni (Blainville, 1826) S IWP • Gari maculosa (Lamarck, 1816) S/H IWP • Gari occidens (Gmelin, 1791) S/H IWP Gari pallida (Deshayes, 1855) S IWP • • • Gari pennata (Deshayes, 1855) S/H IWP • Gari pulcherrima (Deshayes, 1855) S/H IWP • Gari rasilis (Melvill & Standen, 1899) S/H IA Gari squamosa (Lamarck, 1816) S/H IWP • • Gari togata (Deshayes, 1855) M IWP • Hiatula connectens (Martens, 1865) S/H IA • Hiatula tumens (Reeve, 1857) S/H IA • Hiatula sp. 1 S/H U • Family: Tellinidae Cadella diluta (E.A. Smith, 1885) S/H IWP • Cadella obtusalis (Deshayes, 1854) S/H IWP • Cadella semitorta (G.B. Sowerby II, 1867) S/H IWP • Cadella sp. 1 S/H U • Elliptotellina sp. 1 S U Exotica clathrata Deshayes, 1835 S/H IWP • • Exotica donaciformis (Deshayes, 1854) S IA Exotica obliquaria (Deshayes, 1854) S IA Exotica virgulata (Hanley, 1844) S/H IWP Leporimetis spectabilis (Hanley, 1844) S IWP • • • • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 339 Endemic Habitat Macalia bruguieri (Hanley, 1844) S Biogeographic code Inshore IWP • Macoma dispar (Conrad, 1837) S IWP • Macoma vappa (Iredale, 1929) S IA • Macomona deltoidalis (Lamarck, 1818) in Phylloda foliacea (Linnaeus, 1758) S SA • S IWP • Pinguitellina robusta (Hanley, 1844) S/H IWP Psammotreta amboynensis (Deshayes, 1854) S IA • • Psammotreta solenella (Deshayes, 1854) S IA Quadrans gargadia (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP Tellina armata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1868) S IA Tellina cf. astrolabei Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1912 S/H IA Offshore • • • • • Tellina astula Hedley, 1917 S IA • Tellina bougei G.B. Sowerby III, 1909 S IWP • Tellina capsoides Lamarck, 1818 M/S IWP Tellina cf. carnicolor (Hanley, 1844) S U • Tellina chloroleuca Lamarck, 1818 S/H IWP • Tellina cf. compacta E.A. Smith, 1885 S U • • Tellina crassiplica Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938 S IWP • Tellina crucigera Lamarck, 1818 S IWP • Tellina exculata Gould, 1850 S IWP • Tellina fabula Gmelin, 1791 S IWP • Tellina inflata Gmelin, 1791 S IWP Tellina iridescens Benson in Cantor, 1842 M/S IA • • Tellina linguafelis Linnaeus, 1758 S/H IWP • Tellina ovalis G.B. Sowerby I, 1825 S IWP • Tellina parvitas (Iredale, 1931) S IA Tellina perna Spengler, 1798 S IWP • • • • Tellina pharaonis Hanley, 1844 S IWP • Tellina piratica Hedley, 1918 S IA • • Tellina rastellum Hanley, 1844 S IWP Tellina rostrata Linnaeus, 1758 S IWP • • • Tellina serricostata Tokunaga, 1906 S IA • Tellina staurella Lamarck, 1818 S IWP • Tellina tongana Quoy & Gaimard, 1835 S IWP • Tellina cf. valtonis Hanley, 1844 S U • Tellina virgata Linnaeus, 1758 S/H IWP • Semelangulus aff. tenuiliratus (G.B. Sowerby II, 1867) S U • Scutarcopagia remies (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP Scutarcopagia scobinata (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • S U • Family: Veneridae Anomalocardia squamosa (Linnaeus, 1758) S IO • Antigona chemnitzii (Hanley, 1844) S/H IWP • Antigona lamellaris Schumacher, 1817 S/H IWP • Callista cf. disrupta (G.B. Sowerby II, 1853) S U • Callista planatella (Lamarck, 1818) Circe australis Deshayes, 1853 in • • Family: Solecurtidae Solecurtus sp. 1 • S WA • S IA • • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 340 Species Endemic Habitat Circe intermedia Reeve, 1863 S Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IA • • • Circe nummulina (Lamarck, 1818) S IWP • Circe scripta (Linnaeus, 1758) S IWP • Circe cf. sulcata J.E. Gray, 1838 S IWP Clementia crassiplica (Lamarck, 1818) S IWP • • Dosinia bruguieri (J.E. Gray, 1838) S IA • Dosinia conglobata Römer, 1862 S IA • Dosinia contusa (Reeve, 1850) S IA • Dosinia deshayesii A. Adams, 1855 S IA • Dosinia cf. exasperata (Philippi, 1847) S U • Dosinia histrio (Gmelin, 1791) S IWP • Dosinia incisa (Reeve, 1850) S IA • Dosinia juvenilis (Gmelin, 1791) S IA • Dosinia cf. nedigna (Iredale, 1930) S U • Dosinia nitens (Reeve, 1850) S U • Dosinia scalaris (Menke, 1843) S IA • Dosinia sculpta (Hanley, 1845) S IA • Dosinia trailli A. Adams, 1855 S IA • Dosinia tumida (J.E. Gray, 1838) S IA • Gafrarium dispar (Holten, 1802) S/H IWP • Gafrarium cf. pectinatum (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H U • Gafrarium tumidum Röding, 1798 Globivenus embrithes (Melvill & Standen, 1899) M/S IWP • in S/H NA • S/H IWP • in S SA • Globivenus toreuma (Gould, 1850) Gomphina undulosa (Lamarck, 1818) • • • • Irus irus (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • • Lioconcha annettae Lamprell & Whitehead, 1990 S IA • • Lioconcha castrensis (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • Lioconcha fastigiata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1851) S/H IWP • • Lioconcha ornata (Dillwyn, 1817) S/H IWP • • Lioconcha tigrina (Lamarck, 1818) S/H IWP • • Marcia hiantina (Lamarck, 1818) S IWP • Paphia crassisulca (Lamarck, 1818) S IWP • Paphia semirugata (Philippi, 1847) S IWP • Periglypta clathrata (Deshayes, 1854) S/H IWP • Periglypta corbis (Lamarck, 1818) S/H IA • Periglypta puerpera (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • Periglypta resticulata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1853) S/H IWP • • Periglypta reticulata (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • • Pitar bullatus (G.B. Sowerby II, 1851) S IA Pitar prora (Conrad, 1837) S IWP • Pitar spoori Lamprell & Whitehead, 1990 S IA • Pitar subpellucidus (G.B. Sowerby II, 1851) S IWP • Placamen calophylla (Philippi, 1836) Placamen gilva (Philippi, 1849) in S IWP • S NA • Placamen gravescens (Menke, 1843) in S WA • Placamen tiara (Dillwyn, 1817) in S NA • Sunetta contempta E.A. Smith, 1891 in S WA • Sunetta perexcavata Fulton, 1915 in S WA • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 341 Endemic Habitat Tapes deshayesii (Hanley, 1844) S/H Biogeographic code Inshore IWP • Offshore Tapes dorsatus (Lamarck, 1818) S/H IWP • Tapes litteratus (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • • • Tapes platyptycha Pilsbry, 1901 S/H IA • Tapes sericeus Matsukuma, 1986 S/H IA • Tapes sulcarius (Lamarck, 1818) Tawera laticostata (Odhner, 1917) in Tawera cf. subnodulosa (Hanley, 1844) in Timoclea marica (Linnaeus, 1758) S/H IWP • S/H NA • S/H NA • S/H IWP • Venerupis cf. anomala (Lamarck, 1819) S/H U Venerupis aspersa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) S/H IA • EZ/H IWP • • Family: Trapezidae Coralliophaga coralliophaga (Gmelin, 1791) Fluviolanatus subtortus (Dunker, 1857) E/S/H IA Trapezium bicarinatum (Schumacher, 1817) H IWP • Trapezium obesum (Reeve, 1843) H IWP Trapezium oblongum (Linnaeus, 1758) H IWP • Trapezium sublaevigatum (Lamarck, 1819) H IWP • M IA • • Family: Cyrenidae Geloina erosa ([Lightfoot], 1786) Family: Glauconomidae Glauconome cf. cumingi Prime, 1862 M U • Glauconome virens (Linnaeus, 1758) M IWP • Glauconometta radiata Reeve, 1844 M IA • Family: Petricolidae Naranio sp. 1 H U • Petricola divergens (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • Petricolaria sp. 1 H IWP • Family: Myidae Cryptomya blackburnae Lamprell & Stanisic, 1998 in S NA • Sphenia perversa Lynge, 1909 H IA • Tugonia sp. 1 H IA • Family: Corbulidae Anisocorbula macgillivrayi (E.A. Smith, 1885) S IA • Notocorbula fortisulcata (E.A. Smith, 1878) S IA • • Notocorbula solidula (Hinds, 1843) S IA Notocorbula tahitensis (Lamarck, 1818) S/H IA Notocorbula cf. tunicata (Hinds, 1843) S U • H C • H IA • • Family: Hiatellidae Hiatella australis (Lamarck, 1818) Family: Pholadidae Barnea manilensis (Philippi, 1847) Jouannetia cumingii (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849) H IWP • Lignopholas cf. rivicola (G.B. Sowerby II, 1849) H IA • Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758) H IA • Parapholas sp. 1 H U • Pholas orientalis (Gmelin, 1791) H IWP • R.C. WILLAN, C. BRYCE AND S.M. SLACK-SMITH 342 Species Endemic Habitat Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore • Family: Teredinidae Spathoteredo cf. obtusa (Sivickis, 1928) H U Teredo sp. 1 H U • Family: Gastrochaenidae Cucurbitula cymbium (Spengler, 1783) EnZ/H IWP Cucurbitula cf. tasmanica Tenison-Woods, 1877 EnZ/H U • • Gastrochaena cuneiformis Spengler, 1783 H IWP • Gastrochaena cf. philippinensis Deshayes, 1855 H U • H IWP • • Family: Penicillidae Brechites attrahens ([Lightfoot], 1786) Brechites australis (Chenu, 1843) H IWP • Brechites philippinensis (Chenu, 1843) H IWP • Foegia novaezelandiae (Bruguière, 1789) H IWP • in S NA • in H NA • S IWP • in S NA • S IWP • Dentalium exmouthensis Lamprell & Healy, 1998 in S NA • Dentalium francisense Verco, 1911 in Family: Myochamidae Myadora pulleinei Hedley, 1906 Family: Cleidothaeridae Cleidothaerus pliciferus (Odhner, 1917) Family: Laternulidae Laternula anatina (Linnaeus, 1758) Family: DENTALIIDAE Dentalium burtonae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758 Dentalium javanum G.B. Sowerby II, 1860 Dentalium pseudosexagonum Deshayes, 1825 Dentalium rowei Lamprell & Healy, 1998 WA • IWP • S IA • in S WA • S IA in S SA • S IA • in S NA • in S NA/SA • H IA • P IWP • Graptacme aciculum (Gould, 1859) Graptacme novaehollandiae (Chenu, 1843) S S Tesseracme quadrapicalis (Hanley in G.B. Sowerby II, 1860) • Family: Pulsellidae Pulsellum beecheyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 Family: Laevidentaliidae Laevidentalium lubricatum (G.B. Sowerby II, 1860) Family: Nautilidae Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus, 1758 Family: Spirulidae Spirula spirula (Linnaeus, 1758) Family: Sepiidae Sepia apama J.E. Gray, 1849 in Sepia bandensis Adam, 1939 Sepia cf. braggi Verco, 1907 Sepia cottoni Adam, 1979 Sepia elliptica Hoyle, 1885 in H SA • H IA • • H U • H SA • S/H IWP • • KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: MOLLUSCS Species 343 Endemic Habitat Sepia latimanus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 S/H Biogeographic code Inshore Offshore IWP • Sepia papuensis Hoyle, 1885 S/H IWP • • Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831 S/H IWP • • Sepia rex (Iredale, 1926) in H SA • Sepia smithi Hoyle, 1885 S/H IWP • Sepiella cf. inermis (van Hasselt, 1835) S/H U S/H U Euprymna sp. 1 S U • Sepiola sp. 1 S U • S/H IWP • S/H U • Family: Sepiadariidae Sepaidarium sp. 1 • Family: Sepiolidae Family: Idiosepiidae Idiosepius pygmaeus Steenstrup, 1881 Family: Loliginidae Loligo sp. 1 • • Uroteuthis sp. 1 S/H U • Sepioteuthis lessoniana Lesson, 1830 P IWP • H U Family: Octopodidae Abdopus sp. 1 Ameloctopus litoralis Norman, 1992 Hapalochlaena aff. lunulata Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 in • H NA • H U • Octopus cyaneus J.E. Gray, 1849 H IA Octopus polyzenia J.E. Gray, 1849 H IA • • Octopus vitiensis Hoyle, 1885 H IWP Octopus sp. 1 H U Octopus sp. 2 H U Octopus sp. 3 H U P IA • Family: Argonautidae Argonauta hians [Lightfoot], 1786 •