Lepidopteran biodiversity of Ethiopia: current knowledge and future perspectives

Andrea Sciarretta

Lepidoptera is the second largest order of insects. Encompassing moths and butterflies, it is regarded as one of the most important components of biodiversity. Here, an updated comprehensive overview of Lepidoptera recorded in Ethiopia is presented, composed of 2,438 taxa in 48 families, of which 664 are endemic. Records were compiled from various literature sources and website databases. Although still being far from complete, this review provides important baseline data for understanding zoogeographic patterns and thus for undertaking effective conservation action. Further research on Ethiopian Lepidoptera is encouraged.

A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) doi: 10.3897/zookeys.882.36634 87 Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia REVIEW ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Lepidopteran biodiversity of Ethiopia: current knowledge and future perspectives Tesfu Fekensa Tujuba1,2, Andrea Sciarretta2, Axel Hausmann3, Getnet Atnafu Abate4 1 Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2 Department of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy 3 SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Germany 4 Department of Biology, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia Corresponding author: Tesfu Fekensa Tujuba (t.tujuba@studenti.unimol.it; tesfuaau@yahoo.com) Academic editor: Alberto Zilli | Received 30 May 2019 | Accepted 27 August 2019 | Published 23 October 2019 http://zoobank.org/4154DE03-2ABD-4A91-9429-576ED4D2DC88 Citation: Tujuba TF, Sciarretta A, Hausmann A, Abate GA (2019) Lepidopteran biodiversity of Ethiopia: current knowledge and future perspectives. ZooKeys 882: 87–125. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.882.36634 Abstract Lepidoptera is the second largest order of insects. Encompassing moths and butterflies, it is regarded as one of the most important components of biodiversity. Here, an updated comprehensive overview of Lepidoptera recorded in Ethiopia is presented, composed of 2,438 taxa in 48 families, of which 664 are endemic. Records were compiled from various literature sources and website databases. Although still being far from complete, this review provides important baseline data for understanding zoogeographic patterns and thus for undertaking effective conservation action. Further research on Ethiopian Lepidoptera is encouraged. Keywords Africa, butterflies, checklist, DNA barcoding, endemic, Ethiopian moths Introduction Ethiopia is among the largest countries in the African continent, located in the horn of Africa, covering a total area of 1,127,127 km2 (Gordon and Carillet 2003; EBI 2015; Tesfu et al. 2018). It belongs to the Afro-tropical Region (former Ethiopian Region) and, based on the bioclimatic classification of Burgess et al. (2004), comprises the zones “Sahelian Savanna”, “Somalian Xeric Bushland and Shrubland” and “Ethiopian Copyright Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 88 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Montane forest and Alpine Moorland” (Hacker 2019). The country’s topography is very diverse, with 20 mountains peaks above 4,000 meters. The highest mountain, Ras Dashen, peaks 4,620 m above sea-level, the fourth-highest in Africa, whilst the third-lowest point in Africa, the Danakil Depression, reaches down to 125 m below sea level. The dominating topographic element is the vast and fertile central highland that accounts for 37% of the land area of the country with an average elevation from 1,500 to 2,400 m that deserved the country to be known as ‘roof of Africa’. It is the largest block of land above 1,500 m in Africa (Clausnitzer and Dijkstra 2005), dissected by the Great Rift Valley and surrounded by lowlands along the periphery (Gordon and Carillet 2003). The mean annual rainfall ranges from 500 mm to 2,800 mm and the mean annual temperatures range from around 10° to above 30 °C. Because of these diverging abiotic parameters, the country is endowed with an amazingly diversity of plant, animal and microbial organisms (EBI 2015). According to Clausnitzer (2014), the rate of endemism in Ethiopia’s ﬂora and fauna is exceptionally high as a result of vast highlands being isolated by the surrounding dry lowlands. Only the most eurytopic and mobile species (usually those of the lowlands) tend to be found in both Ethiopia and the rest of tropical Africa. In the same manner, Kravchenko et al. (2007) stated that the territory of Ethiopia hosts an extraordinarily diverse landscape including high mountains, lowlands, deserts and tropical rain forests that resulted in a hyperdiverse fauna and flora. Likewise, in consequence of its rich biodiversity, Ethiopia is acknowledged as one of the 20-mega-biodiverse countries in the world (Mittermeier et al. 2011; Tesfu et al. 2018). Lepidoptera represent the second largest insect order, which consists of approximately 140 different families and 160,000 species that have been described and recognised worldwide, so far (Biodiversity Institute of Ontario 2006; Kristensen et al. 2007; Nieukerken et al. 2011). Lepidoptera comprise nearly 17% of all insect species, and some recent estimates suggest that the real number of Lepidoptera species would set up to 500,000 species (Brandao et al. 2009). The aims of this paper are to give an updated comprehensive presentation of the actual knowledge of Ethiopian Lepidoptera and to provide some estimates for the expected biodiversity of this major insect order in the country. Materials and methods The present review is based on all pertinent published scientific papers. In addition, records from up to date and relevant online databases were also included, particularly, records from the Natural History Museum of London website (“NHMUK”: Beccaloni et al. 2003), the Barcode of Life Data Systems (“BOLD”: Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007), the African moth website (Goff 2008), LepiMap (Navarro 2007), the African Butterfly Database (Sáfián et al. 2009), the Afromoth website (De Prins and De Prins 2019) and the Afrotropical Butterflies and Skippers digital encyclopaedia (Williams 2018). In all cases, records were included only when sample identifica- Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia 89 tions were made at specific (or subspecific) level, and the provenience from Ethiopia was clearly indicated. Data from entomological collections but not publicly accessible were not considered. We followed the classification system and nomenclature (valid names and synonymies) used in De Prins and De Prins (2019) with some updates coming from more recent publications. For Rhopalocera, the Afrotropical Butterflies and Skippers digital encyclopaedia (Williams 2018) served as reference. These two outstanding references have also represented the fundamental database and resource for our compilation of the lepidopteran fauna of Ethiopia. Lepidoptera exploration in Ethiopia: from early explorers to present Many entomologists have contributed to our current knowledge of the Ethiopian Lepidoptera fauna. The following selection provides the most significant contributions made by past pioneers and current explorers. Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug in 1829 was the first to mention Abyssinia, the former name of Ethiopia, in the description of a new Lepidoptera species, the butterfly Pontia eupompe (Klug, 1829) now Colotis danae ssp. eupompe (Nazari et al. 2011), indicating as locus typicus “in Arabia deserta, in Sinai monte, in Dongala et Habessinia”. From the mid-nineteenth century, additional descriptions came from few authors such as Félix Edouard Guérin-Méneville (1849), Louis Reiche (1850), and Hippolyte Lucas (1852). However, the most significant advance in the nineteenth century was made by the French entomologist Achille Guenée, who published various contributions between 1852 and 1858. He described 31 new species belonging to the Noctuoidea and Geometroidea, based on material collected mainly by Georg Wilhelm Schimper in 1850. In all cases, the locus typicus was indicated as “Abyssinia” (Guénée 1852). Other important contributions to the study of Ethiopian Lepidoptera were made subsquently, many of which have reported the description of new species from specimens collected in the country. For instance, George Hampson described 23 species from different families in the period between 1896 and 1930 (Hampson 1896, 1898, 1899, 1905, 1909, 1910, 1913, 1916, 1918, 1919, 1926, 1930). Edward Meyrick firstly reported Microlepidoptera from the country, with 40 new species, from the material collected during the expeditions carried out by Hugh Scott and Omer-Coper in 1926–1927 (Meyrick 1932). The most important contribution to the study of butteflies was made by Lionel Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan, during the first decades of the twentieth century, with 34 new taxa (Rothschild 1902, 1926; Rothschild and Jordan 1900, 1903, 1905). Debauche (1937) reported 42 geometrid species from Ethiopia with eight new descriptions. Likewise, Emilio Berio published many papers dedicated to the Erebidae and Noctuidae of East Africa, describing from Ethiopia 12 and 37 species, respectively (Berio 1939a, 1940a, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1947, 1954, 1962, 1975, 1977), some of them from the localities of Adu-Abuna and Metema, at that time part of Eritrea, but now in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia (Berio 1937, 1939b, 90 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) 1939c, 1940b, 1973, 1976). Pierre-Claude Rougeot has explored the country several times in 1970s and described 55 new species belonging to various families (Rougeot 1974, 1975, 1977, 1984, Plantrou and Rougeot 1979; Laporte and Rougeot 1981; Rougeot and Laporte 1983). The two French entomologists Bernard Laporte and Claude Herbulot in their publications described from Ethiopia 137 new noctuid (specifically, eight species of Erebidae, two species of Nolidae, and 127 Noctuidae) and 22 new geometrid taxa, respectively (Herbulot 1983, 1993, 2002; Laporte 1974, 1975, 1976, 1978; Rougeot 1977, 1984; Laporte and Rougeot 1981; Rougeot and Laporte 1983; Rougeot et al. 1991). With the new millennium, the country has awakened a renewed interest from entomologists, which led to the description of 255 new taxa in 18 years. In particular, major contributions to Ethiopian Lepidoptera were made by Hermann H. Hacker, with various colleagues, for Erebidae, Nolidae and Noctuidae (178 new taxa); David Agassiz for Yponomeutidae (five new taxa); Jósef Razowski and Pasquale Trematerra for Tortricidae (34 new taxa described); Axel Hausmann, Andrea Sciarretta and Francesco Parisi for Geometridae (27 new taxa); Ulf Eitschberger and Tomas Melichar for Sphingidae, with eleven new taxa (Hacker and Fibiger 2007; Hacker and Zilli 2007; Haxaire and Melichar 2008; Hausmann et al. 2014, 2016; Hacker et al. 2008, 2012; Razowski and Trematerra 2010, 2012; Hacker and Mey 2010; Hacker 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2019; Eitschberger and Ströhle 2011; Melichar and Řezáč 2015; Eitschberger and Melichar 2016 Melichar et al. 2016; Razowski et al. 2018; Agassiz 2019). Many of these and other minor contributions resulted from dedicated expeditions, such as the “Joint Ethiopian-Russian Biological Expedition” lead by Vasiliy Kravchenko from Tel Aviv University, Israel; the “Ethiopian Insects Project”, between the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA), the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM) and the Museum Thomas Witt (MWM) in Munich, Germany; the projects carried out by the Italian entomologists of the University of Molise with EWCA and Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (Kravchenko et al. 2007; Sciarretta et al. 2014; Hausmann et al. 2016). Current state of knowledge on Ethiopian Lepidoptera Based on the results of our current review, 2,438 Lepidoptera taxa (species or subspecies) are known to occur in Ethiopia hitherto, belonging to 48 families (Table 1; full list at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3234617). This number includes 170 taxa which are not reported by the scientific literature but have been extracted from the above-mentioned websites. In particular, 929 species or subspecies were described from type specimens collected in Ethiopia, 131 of them, mostly butterflies, at subspecific level (Table 2). It is interesting to note that endemic taxa number 664, approximately 27% of the total Lepidoptera. This high number can be explained by the particular physical and biogeographical history of the country and a broad range of different ecosystems with great diversity of habitats. Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia 91 Figures 1–6. 1 Acraea oscari Rothschild, 1902 2 Epiphora fournierae (Le Moult, 1945) 3 Pingasa pallidata (De Joannis, 1913) 4 Odontopera protecta Herbulot, 1983 5 Metarctia flavivena Hampson, 1901 6 Stoermeriana laportei (Rougeot, 1977). Photos credit: Alenuccio Palladino (1); Francesco Parisi (2); Dirk Stadie (3–6). Given these numbers, knowledge on the Ethiopian butterflies and moths appear to be particularly unsatisfactory, when compared to their (estimated) potential total numbers with other countries. For instance, the two most diverse European Mediterranean countries, i.e., France and Italy, with a combined land surface comparable to Ethiopia, have ca. 5,109 and 5,086 species of Lepidoptera, respectively (Stoch 2003; Wikipedia 2011). To better evaluate the level of knowledge of the lepidopteran fauna in Ethiopia, and to roughly estimate the real biodiversity, we can compare it with neighboring 92 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Table 1. Ethiopian Lepidoptera families and number of taxa (species and subspecies) reported. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Total Family Bedelliidae Blastobasidae Bombycidae Brahmaeidae Carposinidae Choreutidae Cosmopterigidae Cossidae Crambidae Depressariidae Drepanidae Elachistidae Epermeniidae Erebidae Eupterotidae Euteliidae Gelechiidae Geometridae Glyphipterigidae Gracillariidae Hesperiidae Hyblaeidae Lasiocampidae Limacodidae Lycaenidae Lyonetiidae Metarbelidae Noctuidae Nolidae Notodontidae Nymphalidae Oecophoridae Papilionidae Pieridae Plutellidae Psychidae Pterophoridae Pyralidae Saturniidae Scythrididae Sesiidae Sphingidae Thyrididae Tineidae Tortricidae Uraniidae Yponomeutidae Zygaenidae Total number of taxa 1 2 2 2 1 2 4 17 109 2 1 1 1 523 8 10 10 306 1 13 36 1 38 15 116 2 4 471 85 28 178 1 17 79 5 6 39 31 53 7 6 81 9 38 60 3 6 8 2438 Common name Narrow-winged moths Scavenger moths Silkworm moths Brahmin moths Fruitworm moths Metalmark moths Cosmet moths Carpenterworm moths Grass moths Flat-bodied moths Hook-tips Grass miner moths Fringe-tufted moths Tiger moths Snout moths Euteliid moths Twirler moths Geometer moths Sedge moths Leafminer moths Skipper butterflies Teak moths Lappet moths Slug caterpillar moths Gossamer-winged butterflies Lyonet moths Wood-borer moths Owlet moths Tuft moths Prominent moths Brush-footed butterflies Concealer boths Swallowtail butterflies Yellows, Whites, & Sulphurs Diamondback moths Bagworm moths Plume moths Snout moths Emperor moths Flower moths Clearwing moths Hawk moths Picture-winged leaf moths Fungus moths Leafroller moths Swallowtail moths Ermine moths Burnet moths Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia 93 Table 2. List of Lepidoptera taxa originally described from Ethiopia (only valid names are listed). An asterisk (*) denotes that the town is in Sudan, but the river originates in Ethiopia. The type locality is recorded with the corrected spelling or current locality name in square brackets. The endemic taxa from Ethiopia are indicated with E in the last column. Synonymies are not reported. De Prins and De Prins (2019) and Williams (2018) have been used as a basic reference for the preparation of the list. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Family Blastobasidae Brahmaeidae Carposinidae Choreutidae Taxon Blastobasis eridryas Dactyloceras richinii Carposina candace Choreutis argyrastra Telosphrantis aethiopica Cosmopterigidae Ascalenia secretifera Cosmopterix derrai Cossidae Cosmopterix epismaragda Aethalopteryx obscurascens Afroarabiella strohlei Azygophleps brehmi 12 13 14 15 Camellocossus abyssinica Camellocossus lalibela Camellocossus strohlei Macrocossus sidamo 16 17 Oreocossus ungemachi Strigocossus kushit 18 Crambidae Adelpherupa aethiopicalis 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Agathodes dufayi Alphacrambus cristatus Ancylolomia jacquelinae Ancylolomia shafferi Ancylolomia shefferialis Chilo luniferalis Classeya aphrodite Crambus arnaudiae Crambus bachi Crambus bellinii Crambus boislamberti Crambus dedalus Crambus descarpentriesi Crambus jupiter 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Crambus netuncus Crambus richteri Dembea venulosella Euchromius donum Euclasta sidamona Euctenospila castalis Leucinodes ethiopica 40 41 Lygropia nigricornis Noorda trimaculalis Author Meyrick, 1932 Berio, 1940 Meyrick, 1932 Meyrick, 1932 Meyrick, 1932 Meyrick, 1932 Koster, 2016 Type Locality Mt Chillálo Adi Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Jem-Jem Forest Mt Zukwala/Cuqala Mt Chillálo Mt Chillálo 14 km S of Debre Tabor, Alemsaga Forest Meyrick, 1932 Jem-Jem Forest (Gaede, 1930) Centr. Abyss., Maraquo Yakovlev & Witt, 2016 Turmi, Mango Lodge Yakovlev & Witt, 2016 Bale Mountains, Karcha near Rira (Hampson, 1910) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Yakovlev & Witt, 2017 Arba Minch Yakovlev & Witt, 2017 Arba Minch Rougeot, 1977 near Kébré-Mengist [Kebre Mengist] Rougeot, 1977 Ioubdo, Birbir Yakovlev, 2011 Ethiopia SE, Bale, 11 km SW Goba, Bale Mts Maes, 2002 SW Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Djimma [Jimma] Rougeot, 1977 Koffolé [Kofale] Bassi, 1995 Maraqo Rougeot, 1984 Arba Minch Rougeot, 1977 Koffolé [Kofale] Rougeot, 1984 Bahar Dar Hampson, 1896 Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Błeszyński, 1964 Dire Dawa Rougeot, 1977 Koffolé [Kofale] Bassi, 2012 Bahar Dar, Lake Tana Bassi, 2014 Bale Mts, Sanetti Plateau Rougeot, 1977 Dinsho Reserve Bassi, 2000 Karsan, Kollubi (Rougeot, 1977) Koffolé [Koffale] Błeszyński, 1963 Ethiopia SW, Gamu-Gofa, Konso Bassi, 2012 Near Debra Libanos Błeszyński, 1963 Kaffa, Ghimira Ragonot, 1888 Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Schouten, 1988 Haro-Ali, Gurra Rougeot, 1977 Koffolé [Koffale] Warren, 1892 Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Mally, Korycinska, Agassiz, Dire Dawa Region, Dire Dawa Hall, Hodgetts & Nuss, 2015 District, Dire Dawa Hampson, 1898 Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Amsel, 1965 Ethiopia SW, Gammu-Gofa, Konso E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 94 42 43 44 45 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Family Crambidae 46 47 48 49 50 51 Taxon Noorda unipunctalis Pagyda pulvereiumbralis Pediasia ferruginea Pediasia simiensis Prionapteryx selenalis Prionotalis friesei Depressariidae Elachistidae Erebidae Tegostoma richteri Odites aethiopicus Elachista delocharis Achaea monodi 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Afrasura rivulosa ethiopica Afrasura indecisa orientalis Afrasura terlinea Afrojavanica kostlani Alpenus geminipuncta Amata alicia Amata magrettii Amata rufina Amata shoa Amata velatipennis Amphicallia kostlani Amsacta nigrisignata Amsactarctia radiosa Anomis sabulifera Antiophlebia bourgognei Aroa quadriplagata Asura xanthophaea Beriodesma smithii Brunia birketsmithi Brunia dorsti Callophisma viettei Carcinarctia rougeoti Casama impura Cautatha abyssinia 76 Cautatha bifasciata 77 78 79 Cerocala confusa Clytie thibauti Corgatha hyperxantha 80 Corgatha minutulana 81 Cortyta canescens septentrionalis Crambiforma leucostrepta Crypsotidia digitata Crypsotidia gigantea Ctenusa curvilinea Cyana abyssinica 82 83 84 85 86 Author Amsel, 1963 (Hampson, 1918) Błeszyński, 1963 Błeszyński, 1962 Type Locality Konso Diré Daouá [Dire Dawa] Kaffa, Gembi Soddu Province, Wolamo [Walita] (Hampson, 1919) Taddecha Mullka Błeszyński, 1963 Ethiopia SW, Gamu-Gofa, Konso Amsel, 1963 Awash Lvovsky, 2001 Kaffa, Gembi Meyrick, 1932 Jem-Jem Forest Laporte, 1975 near Kebré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Durante, 2009 Menegesha-Suba state Forest Durante, 2009 Menegesha-Suba state Forest Durante, 2009 Langano Lake (Gaede, 1923) Adis-Abeba (Hampson, 1916) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] (Butler, 1876) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Berio, 1937 Metema [in Tigray, Ethiopia] (Oberthür, 1878) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] (Hampson, 1898) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Walker, 1865 Marako Strand, 1911 Gipfel des Sugyala Gaede, 1923 Addis Ababa (Pagenstecher, 1903) Darassum (Guenée, 1852) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Laporte, 1975 Arba Minch Pagenstecher, 1903 Galata Toulgoët, 1977 Ethiopia (Holland, 1897) River Darde (Toulgoët, 1977) Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] (Toulgoët, 1977) Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Laporte, 1975 Arba Minch Toulgoët, 1977 Bale Reserve, Dinsho (Hering, 1926) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Hacker, Fiebig & Stadie, 2019 Reg. South Nations, Bonga Guesthouse Hacker, Fiebig & Stadie, 2019 Reg. South Nations, road Shishinda-Bonga, 6 km, w Wushwush Warren, 1913 Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Laporte, 1991 Kibre Mengist Hacker, Fiebig & Stadie, 2019 Reg. South Nations, Bonga Guesthouse Hacker, 2019 Southern Prov., 6 km ENE Weyto, Segen river Hacker, 2016 12 km W of Jinka, near border of Mago National Park Hampson, 1926 Harrar Kühne, 2005 Harar Kühne, 2005 Harar Hampson, 1913 Taddecha Mullka Karisch, 2003 Akaki River, Addis Ababa E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 Family Erebidae Taxon Cyana ethiopica Author Karisch, 2013 Type Locality near Kebré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Dasychira grisea Pagenstecher, 1903 Bone Dasychira plesia Collenette, 1938 Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Digama meridionalis deliae Berio, 1939 Adu-Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Donuctenusa fiorii Berio, 1940 Ogaden, Uarder [Warder] Enargeiosia elegans (Butler, 1877) Atbara* Eublemma accedens Hacker, 2019 Ethiopia, 3 km N Turmi, aethiopica Mango Camping Site Eublemma aethiopiana Hacker, 2019 Jinka, Mago Nat. Park, Magoriverside Eublemma baccatrix Hacker, 2019 Southern Prov., 2.6 km EE Wondo Genet Eublemma collacteana Hacker, 2019 12 km W Jimma, border Mago Nat. Park Eublemma costivinata Berio, 1945 Borana Nagelli [Borena Nagelle] Eublemma diredaoua Hacker, 2019 Dire Daoua, Abyssinia Eublemma ferruginata Hacker, 2019 20 ESE Sashamane, Wendo Genet Eublemma heteropaura Hacker, 2019 Oromia, 7 km NW Yabelo Eublemma joergmuelleri Hacker & Schrier, 2019 Ethiopia, Awash N.P., Headquarter Eublemma perturbata Hacker, 2019 Oromia prov., 6.5 km ne Shebe Eublemma plectoversa Hacker, 2019 8 km N Turmi Eublemma schreieri Hacker, 2019 Oromia, 1km W vill. Aluweya Eublemma sidamonia Hacker, Fiebig & Stadie, 2019 Sidamo, Yabello, vic. 6km SO near Deritu village Eublemma siticulina Hacker, 2019 Dire Daoua, Abyssinia Eublemma uhlenhuthi Wiltshire, 1988 Abyssinia, Dire Daoua [dire-dawa] Euproctis chrysophaea (Walker, 1865) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Eyralpenus scioana (Oberthür, 1880) Scioa [Shoa] Galtara doriae (Oberthür, 1880) Mahal Uonz, between Harrar and Addis Abeba [Awash River] Kenyarctia melanogastra (Holland, 1897) Gof [Gofa] Hypena abyssinialis Guenée, 1854 Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Hypena padelekorum Lödl, 1995 Djem-Djem [Jem Jem] Forest Hypena philippi Laporte, 1991 Arba Minch Hyposada zavattarii Berio, 1944 Gondaraba Hypotacha fiorii Berio, 1943 Diredaua [Dire Dawa] Hypotacha glaucata (Holland, 1897) Sjeikh Husein [Shek Hussein] Ischnarctia cinerea (Pagenstecher, 1903) Gogoru Laelia dabano Collenette, 1934 Dabano River Lithacodia awassensis Berio, 1984 Awassa Lake Lithacodia persubtilis Berio, 1984 Kebré-Mengist Marcipa rougeoti Pelletier, 1975 Kebré-Mengist Metachrostis debivar (Berio, 1947) Ogaden, Ualual [Walwal] Metachrostis phaeographa Hacker, 2011 12 km W of Jinka, border Mago National Park Metarctia carmel Kiriakoff, 1957 SW Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Kambatta 95 E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 96 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Family 126 Erebidae Taxon Metarctia gada Author Rougeot, 1977 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 Metarctia haematricha Metarctia kumasina Metarctia negusi Metarctia noctis Metarctia saalfeldi Metarctia unicolor Micralarctia punctulatum purus Oediblemma peregrina 135 136 137 138 139 Ophiusa dianaris Pantydia dufayi Paramarbla abyssinica Paraonagylla zavattarii Pericyma schreieri (Guenée, 1852) Laporte, 1975 Collenette, 1956 Berio, 1939 Hacker, 2016 140 141 142 143 144 145 Phytometra angensteini Plecopterodes melliflua Plecopterodes molybdena Podomachla antinorii Polymona rufifemur ellisoni Proluta ethiopica Hacker, 2019 (Holland, 1897) Berio, 1954 (Oberthür, 1880) Collenette, 1938 (Hacker, 2011) 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 Pseudomicrodes varia Pteredoa atripalpia Rhabdophera exarata Ruanda nuda Seydelia geometrica Spilosoma mediopunctata Spilosoma quadrimacula Stenilema aurantiaca Stenilema hailesellassiei 155 156 157 Stracena aegrota Stracilla translucida Syngatha eremita 158 Syngatha parascotoides Hacker, 2019 159 Syngatha simplicicata Hacker, Fiebig & Stadie, 2019 160 Tegiapa ambiguosa Hacker, Fiebig & Stadie, 2019 161 Tegiapa obliqua Hacker, Fiebig & Stadie, 2019 162 Tegiapa schreieri Hacker, 2019 163 Teracotona abyssinica (Rothschild, 1933) 164 Teracotona neumanni Rothschild, 1933 Hampson, 1905 Strand, 1920 Kiriakoff, 1957 Druce, 1910 Kiriakoff, 1960 (Oberthür, 1880) (Butler, 1878) Hacker, Fiebig & Stadie, 2019 Berio, 1944 Hampson, 1910 (Mabille, 1890) (Holland, 1897) (Oberthür, 1883) (Pagenstecher, 1903) Toulgoët, 1977 Hampson, 1909 (Birket-Smith, 1965) Le Cerf, 1922 (Oberthür, 1880) Hacker, Fiebig & Stadie, 2019 Type Locality Dinsho Reserve, Réserve de Balé Kutai Metha Zegi Tsana [Zegie Tana] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Diré Daouá [Dire Dawa] Villagio Oromo Country, Fin-Fekéré Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Reg. South Nations, Sheiko Forest Road Teppi Mizan Teferi Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Near Koffolé [Koffalé] Birbir, Joubdo [Yubdo] Neghelli [Nagelle] Gamu-Gofa Province, 3 km N of Turmi Arba Minch Sjeikh Husein [Shek Hussein] Gorgorà, Lake Tana Mahal Uonz [Awash River] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Arba Minch Region, Omo Province, Gemu Gofa Elolo Atbara River Abyssinia [Ethiopia] River Darde Scioa [Shoa] Arbarone Lalokéli Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Addis Ababa, University College Campus Harar Scioa [Shoa], Mahal Uonz Reg. South Nations, Bonga Guesthouse 12 km W Jinka, border Mago National Park Reg. South Nations, Sheiko Forest Road Teppi Mizan Teferi Reg. South Nations, road Shishinda-Bonga, 6 km W Wushwush Sidamo, Yabello vic., 10km W road to Konso Oromia Prov., 6 km ESE Jimma Central Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Maraco [Marako] SW Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Kambatta E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 97 Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia Family 165 Erebidae 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 Taxon Teracotona postalbida Teracotona clara rubiginea Teracotona seminigra Thyretes negus Tigreana nathaliannae Tigreana sandrae Trigonodes exportata Tytroca alabuensis alabuensis Tytroca balnearia mutabilis 174 Tytroca heterophysa Hacker, 2016 175 Ulotrichopus phaeoleucus griseus Utetheisa amhara Zekelita heteroleuca Kühne, 2005 176 177 178 Author (Gaede, 1926) (Toulgoët, 1977) (Hampson, 1905) Oberthür, 1878 Laporte, 1991 Laporte, 1991 Guenée, 1852 Wiltshire, 1970 Hacker, 2016 Jordan, 1939 Hacker, 2016 Hacker, 2016 179 Zekelita lehmanni magnificaria Zekelita nilotica 180 Eupterotidae 181 182 183 184 Euteliidae 185 Phiala abyssinica Phiala bergeri Rhodopteriana abyssinica Rhodopteriana sidamoensis Eutelia favillatrix Stenosticta schreieri 186 Gelechiidae 187 Aphanostola maxima Chrysoesthia parilis Bidzilya & Mey, 2016 (Vári, 1963) 188 189 Stegasta sattleri Stomopteryx ochrosema Bidzilya & Mey, 2011 Meyrick, 1932 190 191 192 193 Chiasmia abyssinica Chiasmia procidata Chiasmia streniata Chiasmia trinotatula 194 195 196 197 Cleora oculata sidamo Cleora pavlitzkiae etesiae Coenina dentataria Comibaena theodori 198 199 200 201 Drepanogynis nigerrima Epigynopteryx flavedinaria Epigynopteryx rougeoti Epigynopteryx scotti (Swinhoe, 1904) (Guenée, 1857) Herbulot, 1977 Fletcher, 1959 202 203 204 205 206 Erastria marginata Eupithecia angulata Eupithecia dinshoensis Eupithecia incommoda Eupithecia inquinata (Swinhoe, 1904) Fletcher, 1951 Herbulot, 1983 Herbulot, 1983 Fletcher, 1950 Hacker, 2016 Aurivillius, 1904 Rougeot, 1975 (Rothschild, 1917) Darge, 2013 (Guenée, 1852) Hacker, 2010 Krüger, 2001 (Guenée, 1858) (Guenée, 1858) Krüger, 2001 Herbulot, 1977 Fletcher, 1967 Swinhoe, 1904 Hausmann & Parisi, 2014 Type Locality Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Fisha Genet Zegi Tsana [Tana] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Wollo, Ataye Wollo Ataye Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Alabu 15 km N of Arba Minch, 2 km after junction to Chencha Omo Region, Gemu Gofa Province, Arba Minch Addis Ababa E E E E E E E Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Southern Province, 11.2 km W E of Bonga 10.5 km W of Weyto E 30 km SE of Bahir Dar, Tisisat above Blue Nile falls Zegi Tsana [Tana] Bale Harrar [Harar] Sidamo Province, near Mega Abyssinia [Ethiopia] 3 km N Turmi, Mango Camping Site Lake Tana, Bahir Dar Little Akaki River, near Addis Ababa Addis Ababa Addis Alam [Alem], ca. 20 miles W. of Addis Ababa Harrar [Harar] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Kabarutar, 56 miles W of Lake Tana Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Harar Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Kaffa Province, 10 km N of Bonga Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Dinsho Marshes Ethiopia N, Simien, near Mindigabsa Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Harar Dinsho Col Dinsho Reserve Lekamti [Naqamte] E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 98 Family 207 Geometridae 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Taxon Eupithecia ochralba Eupithecia pseudoabbreviata Eupithecia rougeoti Eupithecia urbanata Geodena brunneomarginata Hemistola aetherea Henicovalva negus Heterostegane serrata Hydrelia candace Hypochrosis chiarinii Idaea glomerata Lomographa indularia Mimoclystia pudicata cecchii Author Herbulot, 1983 Fletcher, 1951 Herbulot, 1983 Fletcher, 1956 Karisch, 2003 Debauche, 1937 Krüger, 2017 (Fletcher, 1958) Prout, 1929 (Oberthür, 1883) (Prout, 1937) (Guenée, 1858) (Oberthür, 1883) Type Locality Dinsho Reserve Harar Dinsho Reserve Harar Shoa, 50 km W of Adis Ababa Addis Ababa Dire Daoua [Dawa] Diré Daouá [Dire Dawa] Addis Ababa Scioa [Shoa] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Scioa [Shoa], Let-Marefia [Jet Marafia] Nothofidonia xenoleuca Prout, 1928 Wolisso, between Hauash [Awash] and Omo Odontopera briela (Debauche, 1937) Mt Chillálo [Chilalo] Odontopera integraria Guenée, 1858 Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Odontopera protecta Herbulot, 1983 Dinsho Reserve Omphacodes pulchrifimbria Prout, 1923 Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Central pulchritacta Moraqui [Marako] Oreometra ras Herbulot, 1983 near Mount Batu Piercia zukwalensis Debauche, 1937 Mt Zukwala/Cuqala Pingasa abyssiniaria (Guenée, 1858) Harar Platypepla bifida Herbulot, 1984 near Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Platypepla uhlenhuthi Krüger, 2001 Diré Daouá [Dire Dawa] Prasinocyma aquamarina Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Bale Mts, 10 km S Rira 2016 Prasinocyma aetheraea (Debauche, 1937) Addis Ababa Prasinocyma albivenata Herbulot, 1983 Dinsho Marsh Prasinocyma amharensis Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, SW Debre Sina & Sembo, 2016 Umg. Debre Sina Prasinocyma angolica Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, 7 km NW Yabello pseudopedicata 2016 Prasinocyma angulifera Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, southern Bale Mts, Harenna 2016 Forest Prasinocyma batesi distans Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Addis Ababa 2016 Prasinocyma baumgaertneri Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Harenna Forest 2016 Prasinocyma beryllaria Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, 13 km W Yabello Motel 2016 Prasinocyma bongaensis Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Bonga, 12 km E 2016 Prasinocyma discipuncta Hausmann, Sciaretta & Parisi, 16 km SW Kibre Mengist 2016 Prasinocyma fallax Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, SW. Debre Sina & Sembo, 2016 Umg. Debre Sina Prasinocyma fusca Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Harenna Forest 2016 Prasinocyma gajdacsi Prout, 1930 Adis Abeba [Addis Ababa] Prasinocyma gemmifera Hausmann, Sciaretta & Parisi, Wushwush, 7.4 km w 2016 E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 99 Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia Family 245 Geometridae 246 Taxon Prasinocyma germinaria Prasinocyma getachewi 247 248 Prasinocyma hailei Prasinocyma immaculata thiaucourti Prasinocyma leveneorum 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 Author (Guenée, 1857) Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, 2016 Debauche, 1937 Herbulot, 1993 Type Locality Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Arba Minch E Addis Ababa Debre Zeit E E Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Harenna Forest, Karcha clearing 2016 Prasinocyma lutulenta Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Arba Minch 2016 Prasinocyma magica Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Mago National park 2016 Prasinocyma monikae Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, 13 km W Yabello, Motel 2016 Prasinocyma pedicata Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, 16 km SW Kibre Mengist aethiopica 2016 Prasinocyma robusta Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, 13 km W Yabello, Motel 2016 Prasinocyma septentrionalis Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Arba Minch 2016 Prasinocyma shoa shoa Herbulot, 1993 Debre Zeit Prasinocyma shoa yabellensis Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, 13 km W Yabello, Motel 2016 Prasinocyma stefani Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Bonga, 12 km E 2016 Prasinocyma tranquilla Prout, 1917 NW of Harar, Diredaua [Dire Dawa] Prasinocyma trematerrai Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Semien Mountains, chennek simienensis 2016 Camp Prasinocyma Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, Dinsho trematerrai trematerrai 2016 Problepsis fiebigi Stadie & Stadie, 2016 Omo Region, Province of Gemu Gofa, Arba Minch Problepsis neumanni Prout, 1932 Djiren, Djimma [Jimma] Problepsis sihvoneni Stadie & Stadie, 2016 Sidamo, 13 km W of Yabello, Motel Protosteira decolorata Herbulot, 1984 Semyen, Sankaber Rhodometra labdoides Herbulot, 1997 Choa [Shoa], Debré Zeit Rhodometra plectaria (Guenée, 1857) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Rougeotiella pseudonoctua Herbulot, 1983 Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Scopula erymna Prout, 1928 Gurra, Dagaje Scopula scotti Debauche, 1937 Addis Ababa Scopula silonaria (Guenée, 1858) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Scopula simplificata Prout, 1928 NE Africa, Ganale River Sesquialtera lonchota Prout, 1931 Diré Daouá [Dire Dawa], NW of Harrar Somatina pythiaria (Guenée, 1857) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Tephronia aethiopica Herbulot, 1983 Shoa, Menagesha Forest Traminda neptunaria (Guenée, 1857) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Trimetopia aetheraria Guenée, 1858 Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Xanthisthisa copta Herbulot, 1977 Boré Forest Xanthisthisa terna Herbulot, 1984 Shoa, Menagesha Forest Xanthorhoe abyssinica Herbulot, 1983 Chensha Xanthorhoe alta Debauche, 1937 Mt Chillálo, Albaso E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 100 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Family 282 Geometridae Taxon Xanthorhoe cadra Author (Debauche, 1937) 283 284 285 Xanthorhoe cuneosignata Xanthorhoe excelsissima Xenimpia sabae amarei Debauche, 1937 Herbulot, 1977 Hausmann, 2006 286 Xylopteryx emunctaria 287 Xylopteryx gada 288 Xylopteryx raphaelaria 289 Zamarada excavata pollex 290 Zamarada hyalinaria 291 Zamarada melasma 292 Zamarada secutaria 293 Zamarada shoa 294 Zamarada torrida 295 Glyphipterigidae Ussara semicoronis 296 Gracillariidae Acrocercops heteroloba 297 Acrocercops orianassa 298 Caloptilia macropleura 299 Metacercops hexactis 300 Metriochroa carissae 301 Metriochroa scotinopa 302 Gracillariidae Porphyrosela homotropha 303 Stomphastis heringi (Guenée, 1858) Herbulot, 2000 (Oberthür, 1880) Fletcher, 1974 (Guenée, 1857) Fletcher, 1974 (Guenée, 1857) Herbulot, 2002 Fletcher, 1974 Meyrick, 1932 Meyrick, 1932 Meyrick, 1932 (Meyrick, 1932) (Meyrick, 1932) Vári, 1963 Vári, 1963 Vári, 1963 Vári, 1963 304 305 Hesperiidae 306 Stomphastis horrens Abantis meneliki Apallaga menageshae (Meyrick, 1932) Berger, 1979 Libert, 2014 307 317 318 319 320 Coeliades chalybe Carpenter, 1935 immaculata Coeliades menelik menelik (Ungemach, 1932) Eretis mixta Evans, 1937 Metisella formosus mittoni Carcasson, 1961 Sarangesa lucidella helena Evans, 1947 Beralade perobliqua Berio, 1940 monostrigata Bombycopsis abyssinica Joannou & Krüger, 2009 Mallocampa toulgoeti Rougeot, 1977 Odontocheilopteryx eothina Tams, 1931 Odontocheilopteryx Rougeot, 1977 lajonquieri Pallastica hararia Zolotuhin & Gurkovich, 2009 Sena donaldsoni rougeoti Lajonquière, 1977 Sena scotti (Tams, 1931) Stoermeriana abbayensis (Rougeot, 1984) 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 Stoermeriana chavailloni Stoermeriana das Stoermeriana laportei Stoermeriana murinuscolor Stoermeriana saanayetae Stoermeriana tamsi Stoermeriana viettei 308 309 310 311 312 Lasiocampidae 313 314 315 316 (Rougeot, 1984) (Hering, 1928) (Rougeot, 1977) (Rougeot, 1984) (Rougeot, 1984) (Rougeot, 1977) (Rougeot, 1977) Type Locality Mt Chillálo, from forest of Kosso-trees Mt Chillálo, Albaso Mt Batu Arba Minch, Region of Omo, Gemu Gofa, Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Balé, Harena Forest Scioa [Shoa] Jlubador [Ilubabor] Gore Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Dire Daoua [Dire Dawa] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Shoa, 50 km W of Addis Ababa Dire Daoua [Dire Dawa] Jem-Jem Forest Jem-Jem Forest Mt Zukwala/Cuqala Jem Jem Forest Jem-Jem Forest Addis Ababa, Little Akaki River Dabra Zeit [Debre Zeit] Addis Ababa, Little Akaki River Near Addis Ababa, Little Akaki River Jem-Jem Forest Harrar Mt Menagesha, NW Addis Abeba Alanga River E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Lilmo, dans la pays de Sayo Dire Daouna [Dire Dawa] Mega E Harar E Adi-Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] E Addis Abeba Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Djoubdo [Yubdo], Birbir near Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Harar Arba Minch Djem-Djem [Jem-Jem] Forest Bahar-Dar, marais du Nil Bleu, Abbay Melka-Kontouré Eli Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Shoa, Menagesha Forest Awassa Lake Dinsho Marshes, Balé Dinsho Marshes E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 101 Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia Family 328 Limacodidae 329 330 331 332 Lycaenidae 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 Taxon Crothaema flava Hamartia johanni Hamartia medora moulini Jordaniana lactea Anthene amarah Anthene butleri butleri Anthene chojnackii Anthene confusa Anthene contrastata Anthene definita nigrocaudata Anthene dulcis Anthene hodsoni Anthene opalina janna Anthene opalina opalina 342 Anthene pitmani aethiopana Libert, 2010 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 Anthene princeps Anthene saddacus Anthene suquala Axiocerses maureli Azanus jesous Cacyreus ethiopicus Cacyreus fracta ghimirra Chilades elicola Deudorix lorisona baronica Deudorix ungemachi Eicochrysops antoto (Butler, 1876) (Talbot, 1935) (Pagenstecher, 1902) Dufrane, 1954 (Guérin-Méneville, 1849) (Tite, 1961) Talbot, 1935 (Strand, 1911) Ungemach, 1932 Libert, 2004 (Strand, 1911) 354 Eicochrysops meryamae 355 Eicochrysops messapus sebagadis Euchrysops abyssinicus Euchrysops cyclopteris Euchrysops mauensis Abyssinia [Ethiopia]e Euchrysops nandensis Hypolycaena ogadenensis Iolaus crawshayi maureli Iolaus piaggiae Lachnocnema abyssinica Lepidochrysops abyssiniensis abyssiniensis Lepidochrysops abyssiniensis oculus Lepidochrysops guichardi Lepidochrysops lunulifer Lepidochrysops negus 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 Lepidochrysops pterou lilacina Author Berio, 1940 Rougeot, 1977 Rougeot, 1977 (Pagenstecher, 1903) (Guérin-Méneville, 1849) (Oberthür, 1880) Libert, 2010 Libert, 2010 (Ungemach, 1932) (Pagenstecher, 1902) Type Locality Adi-Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Ganale Dire Dawa Mantek; Mahal-Uonz 10 km NW of Neghelli Touloudimtou [Tullu Dimtu] Bedelle Ginir (Pagenstecher, 1902) (Talbot, 1935) Gabriel, 1949 Stempffer, 1946 Gambe beim Abasse-See Kibish River Fich-Babile Road Callafo[Kalafo], Webi Shebeli, Ogaden Ghibe River, Addis AbebaJimma road Atbara* Ethiopia Suquala Harrar Abyssinie [Ethiopia] 25 km north of Quiha Shoa Ghimirra province Eli, Ethiopia Baro River Ethiopia Umgebung unterhalb Antotos [Entoto] Province de Gondar, environs de Debarek Abyssinie [Ethiopia] Rougeot, 1983 (Guérin-Méneville, 1849) (Aurivillius, 1922) (Butler, 1876) Storace, 1950 E E E E E E E E E E E E E E (Neave, 1904) Stempffer, 1946 Dufrane, 1954 Oberthür, 1883 Libert, 1996 (Strand, 1911) Tchafianani; Debasso Atbara* Bahrdàr [Bahar Dar] sulle rive meridionali del Lago Tana Lake Tana Dagahbur, Ogaden Harrar [Harar] Kolla di Giagaguè-Agher Dire Daouna [Dawa] Eli E (Ungemach, 1932) Ouama E Gabriel, 1949 (Ungemach, 1932) (Felder & Felder, 1865) (Ungemach, 1932) E E E E 10 miles West of Addis Ababa E Didessa E Africa septentrionali-orientalis: Bogo Didessa E 102 Family 370 Lycaenidae 371 372 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) 373 Taxon Lepidochrysops subvariegata Leptomyrina boschi Lycaena phlaeas pseudophlaeas Myrina silenus nzoiae 374 Pentila pauli ras 375 376 Stugeta bowkeri ethiopica Tarucus ungemachi 377 378 379 Thermoniphas colorata Tuxentius cretosus Tuxentius kaffana 380 381 382 383 Metarbelidae 384 385 386 387 Noctuidae 388 389 Uranothauma antinorii Uranothauma nubifer distinctesignatus Zintha hintza resplendens Aethiopina semicirculata Salagena fetlaworkae Teragra lemairei Teragra villiersi Abrostola obliqua Abrostola rougeoti Acontia albatrigona 390 Acontia amarei 391 Acontia amhara 392 Acontia proesei 393 Acontia robertbecki 394 395 396 Acontia ruficincta Acontia secta Acontia uhlenhuthi 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 Acontiola boursini Acrapex abbayei Acrapex apexangula Acrapex ausseili Acrapex franeyae Acrapex genrei Acrapex girardi Acrapex guiffrayorum Acrapex mastawatae Acrapex matilei Acrapex satanas Acrapex soyema Acrapex ulmii Acrapex zaouditou Aedia albirena Author Talbot, 1935 Strand, 1911 (Lucas, 1866) Type Locality Dirre Dawa Abyssinie [Ethiopia]n Abyssinie [Ethiopia] Western Kenya to Ethiopia and Eritrea Talbot, 1935 S.W. Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Pokodi [Bokoji] (Stempffer & Bennett, 1958) Harrar [Harar] Stempffer, 1942 Rivière Baro Abyssinie [Ethiopia] occidentale (Ungemach, 1932) Youbdo (Butler, 1876) Atbara* (Talbot, 1935) Nado’s Province, Yeki; Mocha District, Gamadura (Oberthür, 1883) Torrente di Sciotalit (Strand, 1911) [Ethiopia] E E E Stoneham, 1937 (Butler, 1876) Gaede, 1929 Rougeot, 1977 Rougeot, 1977 Rougeot, 1977 Dufay, 1958 Rougeot, 1977 Hacker, Legrain & Fibiger, 2008 Hacker, Legrain & Fibiger, 2010 Hacker, Legrain & Fibiger, 2008 Hacker, Legrain & Fibiger, 2008 Hacker, Legrain & Fibiger, 2010 Hampson, 1910 Guenée, 1852 Hacker, Legrain & Fibiger, 2008 (Berio, 1940) Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Le Ru, 2017 Laporte, 1991 Laporte, 1991 (Hampson, 1926) Atbara* Abyssinia [Ethiopia] near Koffolé [Koffale] Dinsho Marches near Koffolé [Koffale] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] near Koffolé [Koffale] Arba Minch Region, Omo, Province Gemu, Gofa Gamu-Gofa Province, 10.5 km W of Weyto Gamu-Gofa Province, 8 km N of Turmi Valley of the river Tekezé, 30 km N of Gashena Arba Minch Region, Gemu Gofa Province Atbara* Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Diré Daouá [Dire Dawa] Lekemti [Naqamte] Dinsho Reserve near Koffolé [Koffale] Fisha Genet Dinsho Reserve Dinsho Reserve Dinsho Reserve Dinsho Reserve Arba Minch Dinsho Reserve Dinsho Reserve Gibe, Soyema Bridge Koffole [Koffale] Koffole [Koffale] Taddecha Mullha E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia Family 412 Noctuidae 413 414 415 416 417 Taxon Aedia konsonata Aedia marmoreata Aegocera ferrugo Agrotis baleense Agrotis cinchonina Agrotis debivari Author Hacker, 2016 Hacker, 2016 Jordan, 1926 Laporte, 1977 Guenée, 1852 (Berio, 1962) 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 Agrotis separata Amazonides berioi Amazonides berliozi Amazonides dubiomeodes Amazonides ezanai Amazonides fumigera Amazonides koffoleense Amazonides laheuderiae Amazonides pseudoberliozi Amazonides putrefacta Amazonides ungemachi Amazonides zarajakobi Amphia hepialoides Aporophoba subaustralis Apospasta albirenalis Apospasta diffusa Apospasta erici Apospasta incongrua Apospasta maryamae Apospasta niger Apospasta rougeoti Apospasta rufa 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 Apospasta sabulosa Apospasta thomasi Ariathisa abyssinia Aspidifrontia ungemachi Athetis aeschrioides Athetis carayoni Athetis viettei 447 Axylia aregashae Laporte, 1984 448 449 450 451 452 Axylia bryi Axylia destefanii Axylia gabriellae Axylia marthae Axylia orbicularis Laporte, 1984 Berio, 1944 Laporte, 1975 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 453 454 Axylia sanyetiensis Axylia vespertina Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 455 456 457 458 Batuana abbahoyegarana Batuana exspectata Batuana lobeliarum Batuana rougeoti Guenée, 1852 (Laporte, 1984) Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1977 (Laporte, 1984) Laporte, 1977 Laporte, 1977 Laporte, 1984 Rougeot & Laporte, 1983 (Guenée, 1852) (Laporte, 1984) Laporte, 1984 Guenée, 1852 Berio, 1977 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1991 Laporte, 1991 Fletcher, 1959 Laporte, 1991 (Guenée, 1852) (Laporte, 1978) Berio, 1940 Laporte, 1977 Laporte, 1991 Rougeot, 1983 Laporte & Rougeot, 1981 Laporte, 1976 Laporte, 1976 103 Type Locality Konso 12 km W of Jinka Hora Daka Dinsho, Bale Reserve Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Africa Orientale Italiana, Debivar Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Lekemti [Naqamte] Dinsho Col Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Dinsho Marshes Koffolé [Koffale] Abba Hoye-Gara Simyen, Sankaber Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Ioubdo, Birbir, Nole Kabe Dinsho Marshes Abyssinia [Ethiopia]antio Addis Ababa Mt Batu Dinsho Col Dinsho Reserve Dinsho Col Dinsho Marshes Dinsho Marshes Boré Forest Choa [Shoa], Menageshah [Menegasha] Forest Simien, Lori Addis Ababa Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Metti Adi-Abuni [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Dinsho col Choa [Shoa], Melka-Kontoure [Melka Konture] near Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Dinsho Marshes El-Dire Boré Forest near Koffolé [Koffale] near Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] near Mt Batu near Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Abba Hoye-Gara, Wollo Gojam, Mt Choke near Dinsho near Mt Batu E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 104 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Family 459 Noctuidae 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 Taxon Berionycta beckroberti Berionycta behouneki Berionycta berioi Berionycta nigra Berionycta orbicularis Berionycta ponticamima Capillamentum gelleyi Caradrina atriluna Caradrina torpens Carcharoda erlangeri Cirrodes rosaceus Claudaxylia dinshoense Compsotata corneliae Author Kiss, 2017 Kiss, 2017 Kiss, 2017 Kiss, 2017 Kiss, 2017 Kiss, 2017 Laporte, 1984 Guenée, 1852 Guenée, 1852 Rothschild, 1924 Rothschild, 1924 Laporte, 1984 Behounek & Beck, 2012 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 Conservula ludocaroli Conservula scriptura Cucullia simoneaui Cucullia tedjicolora Eucladodes achrorophilus Eucladodes baleensis Euplexia imperator Euplexia mercieri Euplexia pinoni Euplexia shoana Euxoa dodolaense Euxoa montigenarum Euxoa semyenensis Euxoa waliarum Feliniopsis duponti (Laporte, 1991) (Rougeot & Laporte, 1983) Laporte, 1976 Laporte, 1977 Laporte, 1976 Laporte, 1976 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Rougeot & Laporte, 1983 Laporte, 1991 Rougeot & Laporte, 1983 Laporte, 1974 487 Feliniopsis germainae 488 489 Feliniopsis insolita Feliniopsis jinka 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 Feraxinia jemjemensis Heliophobus africana Heliothis saskai Hemituerta mahdi Heraclia viettei Hermonassoides abyssinica Hermonassoides dinshoensis Hermonassoides marmorata Hermonassoides mauricei Hermonassoides mendeboense Hermonassoides minosi Hermonassoides scipioni Hiccoda clarae Hyperfrontia direae Hyperfrontia limbata Koffoleania michaellae Leucania aedesiusi Leucania argyrina 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 (Laporte, 1984) Berio, 1977 (Berio, 1975) (Pagenstecher, 1903) Kiriakoff, 1973 (Berio, 1975) (Laporte, 1977) (Laporte, 1977) (Laporte, 1975) (Laporte, 1984) Type Locality 15 km E of Yabello 13 km W of Yabello 12 km NNE of Arba Minch 15 km E of Yabello 15 km E of Yabello 15 km E of Yabello Addis Ababa Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Waute Merehan [Mreham] Waute Merehan [Mreham] Dinsho Reserve Bale Mountains, Province of Bale, Hangasso Debre Zeit Simyen, Sankaber Bale Reserve, Dinsho Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Near Mt Batu Bale Reserve Dinsho Marshes Arussi, near Koffolé [Koffale] Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Shoa, near Hosana Road to Dodola Simyen, Sankaber Sankaber Simyen, Sankaber near Kebré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] near Kebré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Addis Ababa, Sholla Gamu-Gofa Province, 10 km W of Jinka Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Addis Ababa Addis Ababa Hanadscho [Dinsho district] Nole Kaba Addis Ababa Dinsho Marshes Fisha Genet Koffale Dinsho E (Laporte, 1991) (Laporte, 1977) Berio, 1947 Berio, 1962 Berio, 1962 Laporte, 1977 Rougeot & Laporte, 1983 Laporte, 1984 Managesha Forest Dinsho, Bale Reserve Ogaden, Uarder [Warder] Dire-Daoua [Dire Dawa] El-Dire near Koffolé [Koffale] Simyen, Sankaber Bahar Dar E E E E E E E E Laporte, 1975 Hacker & Fibiger, 2007 Hacker, 2010 E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia Family 508 Noctuidae 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 Taxon Leucania claudicans Leucania cyprium Leucania fasilidasi Leumicamia oreias Leumicamia palustris Leumicamia venustissima Lophotarsia girmai Lophotarsia leucoplagoides Lophotarsia theresae Author Guenée, 1852 (Laporte, 1984) (Laporte, 1984) (Fletcher, 1959) Laporte, 1976 (Laporte, 1974) Laporte, 1975 (Berio, 1941) Beck & Behounek, 2013 517 518 Maghadena ingridae Maliattha eburnea Laporte, 1977 Hacker, 2016 519 520 Matopo berhanoui Mentaxya bruneli Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1975 521 522 523 524 525 Mentaxya fouqueae Mentaxya inconstans Mentaxya lacteifrons Michelliana afroalpina Micraxylia antemedialis Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1976 Laporte, 1975 526 Micraxylia hypericoides Berio, 1962 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 Micraxylia lividoradiata Mythimna altiphila Mythimna amlaki Mythimna bisetulata Mythimna germanae Neostichtis teruworkae Nocthadena griseoviridis Numeniastes selenis Nyodes biardi Ochropleura sidamona Odontestra richinii Odontestra variegata Odontestra vitta Oligia adactricula Oligia arbaminchensis Oligia genettae Omphalestra nellyae Ozarba alberti phaeoxantha Ozarba didymochra 546 Ozarba fuscundosa 547 Ozarba grisescens Berio, 1947 548 Ozarba latizonata Hacker, 2016 549 Ozarba naumanni Hacker, 2016 (Berio, 1940) Hreblay & Legrain, 1996 Laporte, 1984 (Berio, 1940) Laporte, 1991 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1976 Fletcher, 1963 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1977 Berio, 1940 Berio, 1940 Berio, 1975 Guenée, 1852 Laporte, 1991 Laporte, 1991 (Berio, 1939) Hacker, 2016 Hacker, 2016 Hacker, 2016 105 Type Locality Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Dinsho Marshes Dinsho Marshes Simien, above Lori Dinsho Marshes Bale Reserve Arba Minch El-Dire Bale Mountains National Park, region Oromia/Sidamo, Province of Bale, 4 km W of Sura Dinsho Reserve, Balé Oroma Province, 6 km ESE of Jimma Melka-Kontouré [Konture] near Kebré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Boré Forest Dinsho Marshes Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] near Mt Batu near Kebré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Oromo e Sidamo, Neghelli [Neghelle] Adi-Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Addis Abeba [Ababa] Near Mt Batu Adi-Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Melka Kontouré Near Hosana Near Mt Batu Harar Shashemane Fisha-Genet Adi-Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Adi-Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Addis Ababa Abyssinie [Ethiopia] Arba Minch Kebre-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Adua [in Ethiopia] Dire Dawa Gamu-Gofa Province, 8 km E of Weyto Oromia, 3 km NNE of Finchawa Harrar [Harar], Dire Daua [Dire Dawa] Gamu-Gofa Province, 8 km E of Weyto Gamo Gofa Province, Konso E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 106 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Family 550 Noctuidae Taxon Ozarba permutata Author Hacker, 2016 551 552 Ozarba rubrofusca Ozarba tenuis Berio, 1947 Hacker, 2016 553 554 555 556 Ozarba uhlenhuthi Phyllophila corgatha Phyllophila richinii Pseudozarba nilotica Hacker, 2016 Berio, 1984 Berio, 1940 Hacker, 2016 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 Pusillathetis fiorii Ramesodes oblonga Rhodochlaena dinshoense Rougeotia abyssinica Rougeotia aethiopica Rougeotia ludovici Rougeotia ludovicoides Rougeotia obscura Rougeotia roseogrisea Rougeotia rougeoti Schinia ennatae Schinia magdalenae Schinia ungemachi 570 571 572 573 574 575 Schinia xanthiata Sciomesa boulardi Sciomesa excelsa Sciomesa franciscae Sciomesa secata Sesamia enanouae 576 577 578 579 580 Sesamia roumeti Solgaitiana petrosi Spodoptera excelsa Subnoctua arbaminchensis Thiacidas robertbecki 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 Tholeropsis decimata Tholeropsis uncinata Thysanoplusia asapheia Thysanoplusia dolera Timora flavocarnea Timora zavattarii Tracheplexia annabellae Tracheplexia colettae Tracheplexia leguerni Tracheplexia petryvesi Tracheplexia richinii 592 593 594 595 596 Tycomarptes adami Tycomarptes aethiopica Tycomarptes berioi Tycomarptes bipuncta Tycomarptes bipunctatoides Berio, 1976 Berio, 1976 Laporte, 1974 (Hampson, 1918) Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1977 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1984 (Laporte, 1984) (Laporte, 1976) (Berio, 1945) (Berio, 1940) (Laporte, 1984) (Laporte, 1976) Laporte, 1991 Berio, 1977 Laporte, 1991 Laporte, 1991 Laporte, 1984 Rougeot & Laporte, 1983 Laporte, 1984 Hacker & Zilli, 2007 Berio, 1977 Berio, 1977 (Dufay, 1977) Dufay, 1977 Hampson, 1903 Berio, 1944 Laporte, 1991 Laporte, 1991 Laporte, 1984 Laporte, 1991 Berio, 1973 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1974 Laporte, 1974 Type Locality 20 km ESE of Sashemene, Wondo Genet Ogaden, Uarder [Werder] Province of Gamo Gofa, 8 km N of Turmi Dire Dawa Arba Minch Adi-Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] 30 km SE of Bahir Dar, Tisisat above Blue Nile Falls Uarder [Warder in Ogaden] Adi Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Dinsho Marshes Kutai Mecha Dinsho swamp Bale Reserve Dinsho Marshes Dinsho Col Near Mt Batu Mt Batu Forest Addis Ababa Bale Reserve, Dinsho Oromo Sidamo, Uollega [Wollega] Adi-Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] near Koffolé [Koffale] Near Mt Batu Choa, Hosana Addis Ababa Gojam, Bahr-Dar, marais du Nil Bleu Gojam, Bahr-Dar Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Simyen, Sankaber Arba Minch Awassa, Awassa Lake, Bale Region Addis Ababa Addis Ababa near Koffolé [Koffale] near Koffolé [Koffale] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] El-Dire Menagesha Forest Gemu-Gofa, Arba-Minch Fort Wosha Menagesha Forest Adiu Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Dinsho Col Mt Batu Boré Forest Boré Forest near Koffolé [Koffale] E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia Family 597 Noctuidae 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 Nolidae 605 606 607 608 Taxon Tycomarptes gelladarum Tycomarptes inferior Tycomarptes journiaci Tycomarptes limoni Tycomarptes semyensis Tycomarptes thibauti Vietteania chojnackii Arcyophora zanderi Bryophilopsis martinae Characoma adiabunensis Earias richinii Eligma neumanni 609 610 Escarpamenta damarana abyssinica Evonima littoralis abyssinica 611 612 Gigantoceras villiersi Meganola cerographa 613 Meganola coffeana 614 615 Meganola ethiopica Meganola harenna 616 Meganola leucometabola 617 Meganola longisigna 618 Meganola lupii 619 Meganola pachygrapha 620 Meganola poliovittata 621 Meganola pyrrhomorpha 622 Meganola simillima 623 Meganola stadiensis 624 Meganola stigmatolalis 625 Meganola unilineata 626 627 Neaxestis mesogonia Nola abyssinica 628 Nola afrotaeniata 629 630 Nola amhara Nola angensteini Author Rougeot & Laporte, 1983 (Guenée, 1852) Laporte, 1977 Laporte, 1974 Rougeot & Laporte, 1983 Laporte, 1974 (Laporte, 1984) Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875 Laporte, 1991 Berio, 1940 Berio, 1940 Rothschild, 1924 Hacker, 2013 Hacker, 2012 107 Type Locality Simyen, Sankaber Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Near Mt Batu near Koffolé [Koffale] Simyen, Sankaber Boré Forest Dinsho Marshes Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Gemu-Gofa, Konso Adi-Abuna [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Adi-Abuni [in Tigray, Ethiopia] Blue Nile, Abera Koritscha, Uata Dera 6 km E of Weyto, Weyto River Southern Province, Jinka, Mago National Park, 350 m SW of Headquarter, Laporte, 1975 Arba Minch Hacker, 2012 Oromia District, 6.5 km N of Bonga Hacker, 2012 Oromia Province, 6.5 km NE of Shebe Hacker, 2012 Addis Ababa Hacker, 2014 Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Ground Hacker, 2012 Oromia Province, 6.5 km N of Bonga Hacker, 2012 Oromia Region, 1km W. of village Aluweya Hacker & Hausmann, 2012 Oromia Province, 13 km S. of Agere Maryam Hacker, 2012 Oromia Province, 6.5 km N of Bonga Hacker, 2012 Oromia Province, 6 km ESE of Jimma Hacker, 2012 Oromia Province, 6.5 km N of Bonga Hacker, 2012 Oromia District, 13 km S of Agere Maryam Hacker, 2014 Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Ground Hacker, 2012 Southern Province, 23 km WSW of Welkite, Gibe River Hacker, 2012 Southern Province, 11.2 km W of Bonga Hampson, 1905 Atbara R. Hacker, 2012 Oromia Province, 13 km S of Agere Maryam Hacker, 2012 12 km W Jinka, border Mago National Park Hacker, 2012 Addis Ababa Hacker, 2012 Afar Region, NE of Mile Serdo Wildlife Refuge, Tendaho E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 108 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Family 631 Nolidae Taxon Nola balealpina Author Hacker, 2012 632 Nola calochromata Hacker, 2014 633 Nola destituta Hacker, 2012 634 Nola jarzabekae Hacker, 2012 635 Nola omphalota euroetes Hacker, 2012 636 Nola socotrensis vansoni Hacker, 2012 637 Nola sphaeromorpha Hacker, 2012 638 Nolidia platygrapha Hacker, 2012 639 Notodontidae 640 641 642 643 644 645 Afroplitis quadratus Antheua birbirana Antheua gaedei Antheua trivitta Antistaura decorata Boscawenia nora Desmeocraera kiriakoffi 646 647 Eutimia smithii Polelassothys callista abyssinica Psalisodes saalfeldi Scalmicauda azebae 648 649 650 651 652 Nymphalidae 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 Thaumetopoea apologetica abyssinica Tricholoba rougeoti Acraea aganice orientalis Acraea alcinoe nado Acraea chilo chilo Acraea doubledayi Acraea epaea homochroa Acraea kakana Acraea oscari Acraea poggei ras Acraea zetes sidamona Acraea zoumi Amauris echeria steckeri Amauris hecate stictica Amauris niavius aethiops Amauris ochlea darius Antanartia abyssinica Antanartia schaeneia diluta Argynnis hyperbius neumanni Aterica galene incisa (Viette, 1954) Viette, 1954 Kiriakoff, 1962 (Hampson, 1910) Kiriakoff, 1965 (Pagenstecher, 1903) Thiaucourt, 1977 Holland, 1897 Viette, 1954 Kiriakoff, 1979 Thiaucourt, 1977 Type Locality Oromia Province, Bale Mountains National Park, Disho Harenna Forest, Harenna Forest Road Oromia Province, 8 km W of Nazret Oromia Province, AbiyataShala-Hayak National Park Oromia Province, 6 km ESE of Jimma 12 km W Jinka, border Mago NP Oromia Province, 13 km S of Agere Maryam, Amhara Region, W of Mirab, Gojam Zone, 15 km NW of Bahar Dar River Baro middle course of Birbir, Youbdo Addis Ababa Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Derdaua, North-East of Harrar Ganale near Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Dombalok Moy. Dedissa [Didessa] E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Strand, 1911 Al Abed near Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Addis Ababa Thiaucourt, 1977 (Ungemach, 1932) (Ungemach, 1932) Godman, 1880 Guérin-Méneville, 1849 (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905) Eltringham, 1911 Rothschild, 1902 (Ungemach, 1932) Rothschild & Jordan, 1905 Pierre, 1995 Kheil, 1890 Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 (C. & R. Felder, [1867]) Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Rothschild, 1902 Arba Minch Bouré Bouré Kalamet, Sebka Valley Abyssinie [Ethiopia] Banka, Malo Adie Kaka, Kafa Banka, Malo Oullaga [Wollega] Alata, Sidamo Ethiopia Abessynia Anderatscha Anderatscha Anderatscha Ethiopia Kaffa Kaffa E Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 E E E E E E E E E E E between Kankati and Djibbe, E Djimma [Jimma] 109 Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia Family 670 Nymphalidae 671 672 673 674 Taxon Author Bicyclus pavonis (Butler, 1876) Bicyclus safitza aethiops (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905) Charaxes etesipe abyssinicus Rothschild, 1900 Charaxes eurinome birbirica (Ungemach, 1932) Charaxes figini van Someren, 1969 675 676 Charaxes galawadiwosi Charaxes hansali hansali 677 678 679 680 681 Charaxes jahlusa ganalensis Charaxes junius junius Charaxes junius somalicus Charaxes kirki daria Charaxes lactetinctus ungemachi Charaxes larseni Charaxes numenes neumanni Charaxes pelias pagenstecheri Charaxes phoebus Charaxes rectans 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 Charaxes saturnus pagenstecheri Charaxes sidamo Charaxes tiridates marginatus Eronia cleodora cleodora Eronia leda Euphaedra caerulescens submarginalis Euphaedra castanoides deficiens Euphaedra medon abouna Euphaedra neumanni Euphaedra sarita abyssinica Eurytela hiarbas abyssinica Euxanthe eurinome birbirica Hypolimnas salmacis platydema Junonia terea fumata Lasiommata maderakal Melitaea abyssinica Neptis nemetes obtusa Phalanta eurytis microps Phalanta phalantha aethiopica Pseudacraea boisduvalii sayonis Pseudacraea eurytus mimoras Pseudacraea lucretia walensensis Sevenia boisduvali kaffana Carpenter, 1937 Oberthür, 1883 Rothschild, 1900 Rothschild, 1903 Le Cerf, 1927 Type Locality Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Lake Abassi Sciotalit, Sxioa [Shoa] Youbdo Eritaea, Setit, El Eghin [Ethiopia] Arba-Minch Africa septentrionali-orientalis: Bogos Salakle, Ganale river” Scioa [Shoa] Harrar Highlands, Somaliland Jabalo Youbdo (Birir) Rydon, 1982 Rothschild, 1902 Jambo area, Nanji Hill Wori to Gamitscha, Kaffa Poulton, 1926 Butler, 1866 Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 S Ethiopia Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Upper Urga, Kollu, Schoa [Shoa] S. Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Plantrou & Rougeot, 1979 Van Someren, 1971 Poulton, 1926 Plantrou & Rougeot, 1979 Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 E E E E E E E E E Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] E Scheko E Hübner, [1823] (Boisduval, 1847) Hecq, 1997 Ethiopia Marako [Ethiopia?] E Hecq, 1997 West, Didessa River E Ungemach, 1932 Rothschild, 1902 Rothschild, 1902 Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Ungemach, 1932 Youbdo Scheko [Sheko] Kankati forest, Djimma Banka Youbdo E Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 Scheko (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) (Guérin-Méneville, 1849) Oberthür, 1909 Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) E E E Gillet Mountains Abyssinie [Ethiopia] Abyssinie [Ethiopia] E Scheko E Walenso [Woliso], Gillet Mts E Gillet Mts Ungemach, 1932 Oumbi E Ungemach, 1932 Oumbi E (Sharpe, 1896) Waenso [Woliso] E (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) Godjeb to Bonga, Kaffa E 110 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Family 710 Nymphalidae 711 712 713 714 Taxon Telchinia aurivillii schecana Telchinia bonasia banka Telchinia guichardi Telchinia jodutta aethiops Telchinia necoda Author Rothschild & Jordan, 1905 Eltringham, 1912 Gabriel, 1949 Rothschild & Jordan, 1905 Hewitson, 1861 Type Locality Scheko [Sheiko] Banka, Malo Lekempti Dereta Mts Abyssinia [Ethiopia] 715 716 717 718 719 720 Telchinia peneleos gelonica Telchinia perenna kaffana Telchinia pharsalus rhodina Telchinia rangatana maji Telchinia safie antinorii Telchinia safie safie (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905) (Rothschild, 1902) Rothschild, 1902 Carpenter, 1935 (Oberthür, 1880) (C. & R. Felder, 1865) 721 722 Telchinia ungemachi (Le Cerf, 1927) Tirumala formosa (Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) neumanni Vanessa abyssinica abyssinica Vane-Wright & Hughes, 2007 Ypthima impura paupera Ungemach, 1932 Ypthima simplicia Butler, 1876 Graphium almansor birbiri (Ungemach, 1932) Graphium angolanus (Ungemach, 1932) baronis Papilio arnoldiana Vane-Wright, 1995 Upper Gelo River Kaffa Kaffa Maji Province Mahal-Uonz Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Meridionalis Youbdo (Birbi) Kaffa 723 724 725 726 Papilionidae 727 728 729 730 Oberthür, 1883 Rothschild, 1902 731 732 Papilio dardanus antinorii Papilio echerioides leucospilus Papilio echerioides oscari Papilio microps Rothschild, 1902 Storace, 1951 733 Papilio nireus pseudonireus Felder & Felder, 1865 734 Papilio rex abyssinicana Vane-wright, 1995 735 736 Pieridae 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 Papilio wilsoni Appias sylvia abyssinica Belenois gidica abyssinica Belenois gidica hypoxantha Belenois raffrayi Belenois subeida hailo Belenois thysa tricolor Belenois zochalia gada Colias electo meneliki Colias erate marnoana Colotis antevippe zera Colotis celimene celimene Colotis danae eupompe Rothschild, 1926 Talbot, 1932 (Lucas, 1852) (Ungemach, 1932) (Oberthür, 1878) (Ungemach, 1932) Talbot, 1943 (Ungemach, 1932) Berger, 1940 Rogenhofer, 1884 (Lucas, 1852) (Lucas, 1852) (Klug, 1829) 748 749 750 751 752 Colotis euippe exole Colotis hetaera aspasia Colotis phisadia ocellatus Colotis ungemachi Dixeia charina septentrionalis (Reiche, 1850) (Ungemach, 1932) (Butler, 1886) (Le Cerf, 1922) (Bernardi, 1958) Ethiopia Soubé-Boro Atbara* Baro Baro E E E E E E E E E E E E E S.W. Abyssinia [Ethiopia], E Grine Abissinia, Feleklek and Sciotalit E Gara Mulata near Harar” E Kaffa and Djima [Jimma] Shoa, Abyssinia [Ethiopia] centrale Africa Septentrionali Oriental, Bogos S. W. Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Ganji River Nubar Hills, Taldi Joubda (Birbir) Abyssinie [Ethiopia] Gambela Lac de Tzana [Lake Tana] Nolé Kaba [in Wollega] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Nole-Kaba [in Wollega] Gondar Ethiopia Abyssinie [Ethiopia] Abyssinie [Ethiopia] in Arabia deserta, in Sinai monte, in Dongala et Habessinia Abyssinie [Ethiopia] Baro Somali-land [False locality] N Ethiopia Djemdjem E E E E E E E E E E E 111 Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia Family 753 Pieridae 754 755 757 758 759 Taxon Eronia leda pupillata Euchloe belemia abyssinica Eurema desjardinsii regularis Leptosia alcesta pseudonuptilla Mylothris erlangeri Mylothris mortoni balkis Mylothris mortoni mortoni 760 761 762 763 764 765 Plutellidae 766 767 768 769 Psychidae 770 771 772 Pterophoridae Mylothris rueppellii Mylothris sagala swaynei Mylothris yulei amhara Pieris brassicoides Pontia daplidice aethiops Lepocnemis metapelista Plutella dryoxyla Plutella oxylopha Plutella stichocentra Acanthopsyche chrysora Oiketicoides aethiopica Taleporia aethiopica Cosmoclostis gorbunovi 773 774 Hellinsia aethiopicus Hellinsia ambo 775 776 777 Hellinsia bigoti Hellinsia negus Merrifieldia lonnvei 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 Paracapperia esuriens Platyptilia daemonica Platyptilia gondarensis Platyptilia implacata Pterophorus lindneri Stenoptilia aethiopica Stenoptilia amharae 785 786 787 Pyralidae 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 Stenoptilia rougeoti Stenoptilia tyropiesta Aglossodes dureti Aglossodes navattae Bostra excelsa Bostra pseudoexcelsa Dembea venulosella Ematheudes pollex Emmalocera erythrinella Endotricha ellisoni Harraria rufipicta Loryma albilinealis 756 Author Strand, 1911 Riley, 1928 (Butler, 1876) Type Locality Marako Mt. Chillalo Atbara* Bernardi, 1959 Haute-Orguessa Pagenstecher, 1902 Ungemach, 1932 Blachier, 1912 Gewidscha Alenga Kaffa, dans l’Abyssinie [Ethiopia] meridionale” Abessynica Harar Highlands Alenga Abyssinie [Ethiopia] Abyssinie [Ethiopia] Jem-Jem Forest Mt Chillálo Mt Chillálo Mt Chillálo Arba Minch Wollo, Lalibela Mahenge West Shewa, 2 km S of Ambo (Koch, 1865) Butler, 1899 Ungemach, 1932 Guérin-Méneville, 1849 (De Joannis & Verity, 1913) Meyrick, 1932 Meyrick, 1932 Meyrick, 1932 Meyrick, 1932 Bourgogne, 1980 Bourgogne, 1991 Strand, 1911 Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, 2011 (Amsel, 1963) Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, 2011 (Rougeot, 1983) (Gibeaux, 1994) Gielis, 2011 Meyrick, 1932 Meyrick, 1932 Gibeaux, 1994 Meyrick, 1932 (Amsel, 1963) Gibeaux, 1994 Gielis, 2011 Gibeaux, 1994 Meyrick, 1932 (Rougeot, 1977) Rougeot, 1977 Rougeot, 1984 Rougeot, 1984 Ragonot, 1888 Shaffer, 1998 (Ragonot, 1888) Whalley, 1963 Hampson, 1930 Hampson, 1917 E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Gembi West Shewa, 2 km S of Ambo Simyen, Sankaber Wondo-Genet Amhara Region, S of Debub, Gondar zone, 8 km NW of Addis Zemen, Highway 3 Jem Jem Forest Jem Jem Forest Gondar Province Jem Jem Forest Gore Sidamo, Wondo-Genet Amhara Region, Semien North, Gondar zone, 17 km NEE of Debark, Simien Mts National Park Bale, marais de Dinsho Mt Chillálo Arba Minch Arba Minch near Mt Batu Arba Minch Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Kosogay Wagra Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Harar Harrar [Harar] Diré Daouá [Dire Dawa] E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 112 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Family 797 Pyralidae 798 799 Saturniidae 800 801 802 803 Taxon Megarthridia christyi Nussia rougeoti Aurivillius cadioui Bunaeopsis birbiri Bunaeopsis oubie Eosia digennaroi Epiphora antinorii Author Rougeot, 1984 Leraut, 2015 Bouyer, 2008 Bouvier, 1929 (Guérin-Méneville, 1849) Bouyer, 2008 (Oberthür, 1880) 804 Epiphora bauhiniae atbarina Epiphora fourneri (Butler, 1877) 805 806 Rougeot, 1974 Rougeot, 1977 821 822 Gonimbrasia belina abayana Gonimbrasia belina felderi Gonimbrasia ellisoni Gonimbrasia fletcheri Gonimbrasia fucata Goodia smithii Gynanisa arba Heniocha digennaroi Holocerina digennariana Ludia hansali Ludia pupillata Micragone leonardi Nudaurelia fasciata Nudaurelia ungemachti Pseudobunaea heyeri citrinarius Pseudobunaea megana Urota melichari 823 Scythrididae 824 Sesiidae 825 Scythris ethiopica Agriomelissa aethiopica Jerbeia darkovi 826 827 828 Sphingidae 829 Melittia abyssiniensis Melittia ambo Ceridia heuglini Ceridia quirini Hampson, 1919 Gorbunov, 2015 (Felder C. & Felder R., 1874) Sulak, Naumann & Witt, 2016 830 831 832 Chaerocina ellisoni Covelliana berioi Covelliana robertbecki Hayes, 1963 Eitschberger & Melichar, 2016 Eitschberger & Melichar, 2016 833 834 Dovania dargei Dovania neumanni 835 836 837 Falcatula tamsi Leucophlebia neumanni Lophostethus dumolinii riedeli 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 Type Locality Arba Minch Koffolé [Koffale] 100 kn E of Addis Ababa Joubdo (Birbir) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Bale, S of Omar Scioa [Shoa], Mahal Uonz [Awash River] Atbara* Bogos Harar Ethiopia Ethiopia East Africa [Ethiopia] Arba Minch Sidamo, Neguele Borana Shashemene (Arsi) Bogos Antottos Sidamo, Dilla [Ethiopia] Djemdejm [Jem Jem] Harrar [Harar] Darge, 2012 Bouyer, 2008 Sidamo Province, near Mega Sidamo Province, 15 km S of Negele Lake Tana, Bahir Dar Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Oromia, 21.8 km NW (289.5°) of Dembi Dolo Harar West Shewa, 3 km S of Ambo Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Oromia Region, road between Deritu and Dubuluk, near Deritu Harar near Debark Gondar Ethiopia Central, Oromia, southern Bale Mts, Harenna Forest Metu SW Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Dhimma [Jimma] Harrar [Harar] Gelo River to Akobo River Arba Minch Pierre, 2000 Jordan, 1926 Carcasson, 1968 Rothschild, 1902 Eitschberger & Ströhle, 2011 E E Road Koffolé-Arussi [KoffaleArsi] Arba Minch E Rothschild, 1895 Lemaire, 1962 Rougeot, 1960 Rougeot, 1978 (Holland, 1897) Darge, 2008 Bouyer, 2008 Darge, 2008 Felder, 1874 Strand, 1911 Bouyer, 2008 Gaede, 1927 Bouvier, 1926 Gaede, 1927 Bengtsson, 2014 (Le Cerf, 1917) Gorbunov, 2018 E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia Family 838 Sphingidae Taxon Lophostethus negus 839 840 Macropoliana chrismonika Macropoliana haileselassiei 841 Macropoliana kingstoni 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 Macropoliana stroehlei Nephele xylina Platysphinx dorsti Praedora melichari Pseudoclanis bianchii Rufoclanis numosae rostislavi Temnora arida 849 Temnora robusta 850 851 Thyrididae 852 853 854 Tineidae 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 Theretra ankae Arniocera cyanoxantha Arniocera guttulosa Lamprochrysa amata Afrocelestis minuta Ateliotum convicta Ceratophaga luridula Ceratophaga nephelotorna Criticonoma spinulosa Crypsithyris stenovalva Dryadaula glycinoma Ectabola pygmina Edosa torrifacta Hapsifera gypsophaea Hapsifera pachypsaltis Hapsifera richteri 866 867 868 869 Leptozancla zelotica Monopis addenda Monopis leopardina Monopis triplacopa 870 871 872 873 Perissomastix lucifer Scalmatica separata Silosca mariae Tinissa spaniastra 874 Tortricidae 875 Acleris baleina Acleris harenna 876 877 Ancylis colaccii Bubonoxena alatheta 878 Choristoneura palladinoi 879 Coccothera carolae Author Jordan, 1926 113 Type Locality SW Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Kambatta Eitschberger & Melichar, 2016 Ethiopia W, 12 km E of Bonga Eitschberger & Melichar, 2016 Sidamo Province, 20 km S of Angere Maryam Eitschberger, 2016 Oromia Region, 25 km E of Bonga/Mera Eitschberger, 2016 Near Dorze Rothschild & Jordan, 1910 Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Rougeot, 1977 Kébré-Mengist [Kibre Mengist] Haxaire, 2011 Sidamo Province, near Bitata (Oberthür, 1883) Scioa [Shoa] Haxaire & Melichar, 2008 Gamo Gofa Province, Dagabule National Park Melichar & Řezáč & Ilčíková, Dorze, Guge Mts 2016 Melichar, Řezáč & Ilčíková, Kaffa Prov., 40 km SW Jima, 2016 Melichar & Řezáč, 2015 Asosa (Mabille, 1893) Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Jordan, 1915 Harar (Druce, 1910) Diré Daouá [Dire Dawa] (Gozmány, 1965) Gamu-Gofa, Konso (Meyrick, 1932) Jem Jem Forest (Meyrick, 1932) Mt Chillálo, moorland (Meyrick, 1932) Jem-Jem Forest Gozmány, 1965 Gamu-Gofa, Konso (Gozmány, 1965) Gamu-Gofa, Konso (Meyrick, 1932) Jem-Jem Forest (Gozmány, 1965) Marako (Gozmány, 1965) Harrar [Harar] Gozmány, 1965 Gamu-Gofa, Konso Gozmány, 1965 Kaffa, Ghimira Gozmány, 1965 Ethiopia SW, Gamu-Gofa, Konso (Meyrick, 1932) Jem-Jem Forest Gozmány, 1965 Kaffa, Gembi [Gimbi] Gozmány, 1965 Kaffa, Abaro Meyrick, 1932 Jem-Jem Forest, 45 miles W. of Addis-Ababa, Gozmány, 1965 Muger Valley Gozmány, 1965 Konso, Gamu-Gofa Gozmány, 1965 Djerrer Valley Meyrick, 1932 Jem-Jem Forest, , 45 miles from Addis Ababa Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Bale Mountains, Sanetti Plateau Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Razowski & Trematerra, 2012 Wellega Zone, Didessa River Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 114 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) Family 880 Tortricidae Taxon Coccothera triorbis Author Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 881 Coniostola separata Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 882 Cosmetra anepenthes 883 Cosmetra latiloba 884 885 886 887 Cydia calliglypta Cydia dinshoi Cydia lathetica Cydia tytthaspis (Razowski & Trematerra, 2010) (Razowski & Trematerra, 2010) (Meyrick, 1932) Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 888 889 Eccopsis aegidia Eccopsis brunneopostica (Meyrick, 1932) Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 890 891 892 Eccopsis maschalista Eccopsis subincana Endothenia albapex 893 Endothenia ethiopica (Meyrick, 1932) Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 (Razowski & Trematerra, 2010) Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 894 895 896 897 898 Epichoristodes spilonoma Eucosma vulpecularis Eucosmocydia zegieana Grapholita insperata Gypsonoma giorgiae (Meyrick, 1932) Meyrick, 1932 Razowski & Trematerra, 2018 Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Razowski & Trematerra, 2012 899 Lozotaenia karchana Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 900 Lozotaenia sciarrettae Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 Megaherpystis oromiae Megaherpystis subae Megalota lygaria Metamesia physetopa Multiquaestia aequivoca Olethreutes didessae Olethreutes polymorpha Parabactra addisalema Razowski & Trematerra, 2018 Razowski & Trematerra, 2018 Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 (Meyrick, 1932) Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Razowski & Trematerra, 2012 (Meyrick, 1932) Razowski & Trematerra, 2018 909 910 Paraeccopsis addis Phtheochroa lonnvei 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 Plutographa xanthala Procrica dinshona Procrica ophiograpta Procrica parisii Russograptis albulata Thaumatographa amarana Thaumatovalva spinai Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 (Meyrick, 1932) Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 Razowski & Trematerra, 2018 Razowski & Trematerra, 2010 918 919 Tortrix diametrica Trachybyrsis chionochlaena Meyrick, 1932 Meyrick, 1932 Aarvik, 2014 Aarvik, 2010 Type Locality Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Jem-Jem Forest, edge of forest Bale Mountains, Dinsho Lodge Bale Mountains, Dinsho Lodge Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Jem-Jem Forest Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Jem-Jem Forest Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Jem Jem Forest Jem-Jem Forest Amhara, Zegie Peninsula Bale Mountains, Dinsho Lodge Ilubabor zone, Bedelle, Dabeda River Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp Oromia, Suba Forest Oromia, Suba Forest Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest Jem-Jem Forest and Mt Chillálo Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest Wellega zone, Didessa River Jem-Jem Forest Oromia, Addis Alem, Ambo Park Addis Ababa Oromia Province, Bale zone, 43 km SW of Goba, Bale Mts National Park, Darwin Camp Bale Mountains, Dinsho Lodge Bale Mountains, Dinsho Lodge em-Jem Forest and Mt Chillálo Bale Mountains, Dinsho Lodge Bale Mountains, Harenna Forest Amhara, Zegie Peninsula Omo Valley, Dowro Zone, Tarcha Jem-Jem Forest Mt Chillálo E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 115 Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia Family 920 Uraniidae 921 Yponomeutidae 922 923 924 925 Zygaenidae 926 927 928 929 Taxon Arussiana herbuloti Yponomeuta ocypora Yponomeuta ioni Yponomeuta ocypora Yponomeuta oromiensis Alteramenelikia jordani Astyloneura bicoloria Epiorna abessynica Saliunca anhyalina Saliunca homochroa Author Rougeot, 1977 (Meyrick, 1932) Agassiz, 2019 Meyrick, 1932 Agazzia, 2019 (Alberti, 1954) Röber, 1929 (Koch, 1865) Alberti, 1957 (Holland, 1897) Type Locality near Koffolé [Koffale] Jem-Jem Forest E E E Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Abyssinia [Ethiopia] Darde River E E Kenya, which for several aspects can be considered similar to Ethiopia, but probably it has been better investigated. So far, from Kenya approximately 4,815 lepidopteran taxa were reported, belonging to 63 families (Sáfián et al. 2009; De Prins and De Prins 2019). The currently known number of species in Kenya is almost twice that of Ethiopia, and 15 families are not recorded at all in the latter country. Is it really due to difference in faunal richness between the two coutries or because of the different level of investigation? A better idea can come from the differences observed within the single families. When considering most groups of the ‘Microlepidoptera’, very few investigations were made in Ethiopia and the difference in species numbers between the two countries is huge. Considering only the most species-rich families of Microlepidoptera, the percentage of species present in Ethiopia, compared to the species numbers in Kenya, is 10% for Scytrididae, 13% for Gelechiidae, 17% for Thyrididae, 31% for Tortricidae, 34% for Pyralidae, 45% for Crambidae, 46% of Pterophoridae, up to 76% for Tineidae. However, if we look at the ‘larger moths’ (Macroheterocera) and butterflies, which are better investigated in both countries, the difference is decreasing from 40% for Saturniidae, 41% for Geometridae, 50% for Lycaenidae, 53% for Sphingidae, 55% for Erebidae up to 77% for Papilionidae, 79% for Noctuidae, 91% for Nymphalidae, peaking to 132% in Pieridae, where Ethiopia shows a higher number of species than Kenya. Although the two countries certainly exhibit faunistic differences, due to biogeographic or climatic factors, it seems clear that the Ethiopian fauna is seriously understudied in many groups. By analysing comprehensive revisions of single genera or families accompanied by major collection campaigns in Ethiopia, we can have an idea of the potential biodiversity the country inhabits. The geometrid genus Prasinocima Warren, 1897 was subject of an extensive review focused on Ethiopian species, based on an investigation carried out in 100 collection localities in the country for more than 15 years, which included an integrative taxonomic analysis based on morphology and DNA barcodes (Hausmann et al. 2016). As a result of this contribution, the species number was raised from eight previously known Ethiopian species to 40, of which 19 were new to science. After the publication, another seven new species for the Ethiopian fauna were described. Authors of the same article estimated the number of Ethiopian geometrids to exceed 700 species once the 116 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) unidentified material in their hands is examined, which may suggest a more realistic total species number in excess of 1,000 for the whole country. Another contribution came from the revision that Hacker carried out on the subfamily Nolinae (Nolidae; Hacker et al. 2012; Hacker 2014), where many of the published data concerned sub-Saharan Africa. For Ethiopia, only three species were previously reported. After Hacker’s monograph, the number was raised to 61 species, with 27 newly described taxa from Ethiopia. For Kenya, he raised the figure from 12 to 73, a number not far from that of Ethiopia. Although these are two examples of taxonomically particularly difficult groups, we can assume similar multiplicators for the so called ‘Microlepidoptera’ resulting in an estimate for the entire order of Lepidoptera in Ethiopia which may exceed 10,000 species, of which a number of species new for science. This estimate is based on, and in concordance with the usual ratio of geometrid species number versus lepidopteran species number of roughly 1:10, and on the usual ratio of the Rhopalocera (400+ species in Ethiopia) versus lepidopteran species number of roughly 1:20, as it results from large museum material (e.g. ZSM) and from various fauna inventories (e.g. Bavaria: Haslberger and Segerer 2016; Europe: Karsholt and Razowski 1996; North America: Hodges et al. 1983). For the moth fauna of Africa, 38,988 species group names of them are listed by Afromoths (2019), of which 5510 (14%) are geometrids. The total number, however, does not include Rhopalocera names, with 4405 species (Williams 2018) and Microlepidoptera taxonomy is underrepresented, hence also here the “10%-rule” for the Geometridae ratio seems to apply, at least roughly. Data from DNA barcoding In the framework of the international Barcode of Life initiative, DNA barcodes (658bp 5’ COI gene fragment, cf. Hebert et al. 2003) have been assembled for Ethiopian Lepidoptera since 2006 with the aim to establish a national DNA reference library for integrated taxonomic studies. So far, 3160 DNA barcodes have been generated from Ethiopian Lepidoptera (including many Ethiopian type specimens), belonging to 1012 genetic clusters (Barcode Index Numbers, ‘BINs’) which are a good proxy for real species numbers (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2013; Hausmann et al. 2013). Most DNA barcodes could be assembled in the Geometridae (2290 barcodes, 571 BINs), Noctuidae (314 barcodes, 165 BINs) and Erebidae (246 barcodes, 143 BINs). Species coverage is particulary good in the smaller families such as the Saturniidae (121 barcodes, 36 BINs) and Sphingidae (70 barcodes, 24 BINs), while it is still being very poor in the ‘Microlepidoptera’. All images and most metadata and molecular data are accessible in the public database BOLD (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007). Lepidopteran Biodiversity of Ethiopia 117 Actual constraints and future perspectives of research on Lepidoptera Diversity of Ethiopia Butterﬂies and moths are a major component of biodiversity playing a crucial role in the ecosystem as primary consumers, essential part of food-chains and pollinators. However, humans are exerting unprecedented pressures on all of the earth’s ecosystems, and such pressures may affect all species (Sanchez-Bayo and Wyckhuyes 2019). Nature conservation strategies have focused most of their attention on the “charismatic megafauna”, i.e., on mammals, birds, and other vertebrates. The vast majority of invertebrate species – although accounting for more than 80% of the animal species - are too poorly known to allow an assessment of how they are affected by human activities, and what might be done to mitigate the damage that humans cause. In most cases, the best way that can be done is to conserve their habitats so that most inhabiting species will continue to thrive. The greatest threats to butterﬂies and moths are habitat fragmentation and destruction, intensification of agricultural practice with over-use of pesticides and herbicides; climate change mainly affecting endemic species adapted to mountainous habitats, whereas scientific collecting is absolutely negligible (Hausmann 2001; Sanchez-Bayo and Wyckhuyes 2019). In general, human activity is enormously threatening the global diversity of life on the planet. Rough estimates suggest that we are currently undergoing not only unprecedented, but also accelerating rates of species extinction (UNEP 2006; Sanchez-Bayo and Wyckhuyes 2019). In the same manner, Ethiopia is experiencing major biodiversity loss, mainly related to extensive destruction of habitats, deforestation, land degradation, intensive agricultural expansion, climate change, excessive pesticide and herbicide use, introduction of exotic plant species, among others (EBI 2015; Tesfu et al. 2018). The loss of primary or native forest areas, due to clearcutting and conversion into agroforests, farmland or settlements, are currently the major threat to the Ethiopian biodiversity in general and Lepidoptera in particular. Despite Ethiopia being known for its rich heritage of biological diversity and many diverse ecosystems, the conservation of its habitats have received scant attention. The system of protected areas so far established includes 21 national parks, four sanctuaries, eight wildlife reserves, 20 controlled hunting areas, six open hunting areas, six community conservation areas and 58 national forest priority areas (Young 2012), covering 14% of the country (EBI 2015). However, most of its biodiversity, including Lepidoptera, is still unexplored because of significant lack of national research capacity. Hence, in parallel to conservation programs and sustainable utilisation of biological resources, efforts for the preparation of a comprehensive bio-inventory should receive highest priority. Such an instrument must be considered an essential baseline for policy makers, planners, donors and researchers working on biodiversity conservation in Ethiopia. In order to upsurge biodiversity knowledge, capacity building in the area at various levels is needed. Lack of well organised natural history museums, specialists, and scien- 118 Tesfu FekensaTujuba et al. / ZooKeys 882: 87–125 (2019) tific societies providing support and fostering citizen science, international research networks and projects are among the identified gaps. Currently, most of the type specimens and reference collections are deposited outside the country of origin. In this context, the Nagoya Protocol (UNSG 2010), although intending to strengthen nations to conserve their genetic resources, to some extent could lead to the opposite effect by hampering international collaboration. Joint protocols and agreements between national actors (research institutes, governing agencies, universities, NGO’s) and international research bodies should be promoted in a collaborative way, favoring shared, non-commercial biodiversity research. Close collaboration with museums and universities possessing reference collections and skills, designing and organising projects are required to teach and train a generation of highly competent scientists and managers so that collections of Ethiopian insects could be built and properly managed. In absence of these minimum requirements, establishing a national entomological museum/collection could be ineffective in promoting the study and conservation of local biodiversity resources. References Agassiz D (2019) The Yponomeutidae of the Afrotropical region (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea). Zootaxa 4600(1): 1–69. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4600.1.1 Beccaloni G, Scoble M, Kitching I, Simonsen T, Robinson G, Pitkin B, Hine A, Lyal C (2003) The Global Lepidoptera Names Index LepIndex. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/ourscience/data/ lepindex/lepindex/ [accessed 25 March 2019] Berio E (1937) Eteroceri africani a arentemente nuovi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 59: 370–393. 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