r I *r NBwDATAoNTIIERAREBELPOUT LYChDESLUETKENI(Z0^RCIDAE) FROM GREENLANDTC AND TCELANDIC WATERS by P.R. MoLLER (1) &,8. PETERSEN(2) of the rare eelpont Lycodes ABSTRACT. - New records ftom Greenlandic and Icelandic waters luetkeniCollettls8oarcpresented.Morphometricandmeristiccharactersofsixbrightpinkspeci. grey-brown specimens' No major rw.ns(137-527 mmSL) antl both sexes, are compared to "typical" possible having two colour species, same the to belong they ttrat indicating found, differences were that the grey-brown colour out ruled be it cannot *orpt . The pink colour disappeari on fi*utioo and fresh material is needed to give AescriUea Uy previous authors is a fixation artefact. Additional a defini- tive answer. eaux groenlandaises et RI6SUlm. - Nouvelles donn6es xtt Lycodes luett<eni, Zoarcidre rare des islandaises. Lycodes luetkeni Collett' ' Six sp€cimens (137-527 mmLS) des deux sexes d'un Zoarcidae rare, capture, ces spdcimens leur de Lors et islandaises. goenlandaises les eaux dans 1880, ont €tE captur6s antdrieurement dtaient d6crits que les sp6cimens alors pr6sentaient une coloration ;typiquenrcnt" gris-brun. La comparaison des caractbres morphometdques et m€ristiques n'a montr€ gris-brun; ils appartiennent donc aucune difference majeure entre ies specimens roses et les spdcimens la coloration rose des sp€cior, de coloration. formes deux prdsenter pourrait qui espEce I la m6me si la coloration grisd€terminer de impossible Il est fixation. mens r€cemment r6colt6s a disparu e h r6colte d'autres spdciLa fixation' la due ou naturelle 6tait urt"o.. prdcfdentrpartes ddcrite brun .." ,ifl i mens est ndcessaire pour r6soudre cette question' Key-words.-Zoarcidrr. Lycodesluetkzni,ANE'Greenland,Iceland'Newrecords' great Species of the eelpout gernrs Lycodes Reinhardt, 1831 are known for their and variation. Correct identification is often difficult because of individual, ontogenetic geographic differences in colour and morphometric characters' In the last few years, we received fresh specimens of North Atlantic eelpouts, agreeing with the deicription of Lycodes luetkeni. This species is still insufficiently specimens only, described because of lack of material. It has been reported from three west Greenland afi (Koefoed, 1927), Faeroes the (collett, 1880), Spitsbergen off caught and the grey-brown as (Saito and Oirimura, 1995). Two of these specimens were described our (1927)contrast' [n Koefoed by described Faeroes specimen had lost all colour when other several 1904 to Jensen, According fixation. pink before specimens were bright ,poio of Lycoilesiave-beenconfused withL. luetkeni e.g. Collett, 1878 = L. reticuln' rro, Ui*"r, 1886 = Z. rossi a{ld L. polaris, Liitken 1898 = L' pallidus and Z' semirutdus. Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O' DENMARK' (2) Icelandic Institure of Natural History, Hlemmur 3, P.O. Box 5320, IS-125 Reykjavik' ICELAND' (l) Cybium I 997, 2 I (3) : 289-296. 290 Molmn & hrsRSEN .: .i tj In this study six pink specimens are compared to unpublished grey-brown Museum specimens and to the grey-brown specimens from the literature. METHODS Newly caught specimens were fixed in 4Vo formahn and preserved in 707o ethyl alexcept for pectoral fin rays, which were counted directly. Morphometric measurements was made with 0.1 mm accuracy. Terminology of head pores follows Anderson (1994). cohol. All counts were taken from radiographs, Museum abbreviations 7-lvrLlo:7-oologpcal Museum of oslo; zlilJC z.oologpcal Museum of copenhagen; NHMR: Natural History Museum of Reykjavik. TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT Family Tawcidae Swainson, 1839 Genus Lycodes Reinhardt, 1831 See Anderson (1994) for diagnosis and synonymy. Type species: Lycodes vahliReinhudt, 1831, by monotypy (holotype: ZMIJCg). LYCODES LUETKENI COLLETT, 1880 Lycodes luetkeni Collett, 18801 103-109, pl. 3, frg.25. Jensen, 1904: 59-61. Koefoed, 1927: 135. Andriashev, 1954: 304_305, fig. 154. Saito and okamura, 1995: 197, one photo. Andriashev, 19g6: I l4o-ll4l, one figure. Material examined Holorype.-zMUo-4536, female (354mm SL), Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition station no 362, off Spitsbergen (79"59'N, 05o40,E), g39 m, 14 August lg7g. Adlitional material. - zMlJc-p 7612s6, male (137 mm sL), iwtr. ,.Tasiilaq", haul 3 (66'56'N, 30'43'w),415m, bottom trawl, 16 April 1991. - zMUC-p 761415- 16, females (316 and 323mm SL), R/V..pamiut',, haul 37 (60o21'N, 47.39,\,1) ll} m, bottom trawl, I August 1992. - zMUC-p 761424, male (435 mm SL), .,Sujumif', haul 1719 Umanak fiord N. of Querssur (70'50'N, 53'00'w), lg August 1962. - 1MUCP 762812, female (448 mm SL), R/V 'skarheim',, station 17 (69.10'N, 59.00'W), gg5 m, long line, 16 August 1993. - ZMIJC-P 762813, female (462 mm SL), R/V "Skarheim", station 19 (69.15'N, 58'58,W), 746m, long line, 16 August 1993. - ZMUC-P 762814, male (478 mm SL), R/V ..Skarheim,,, station 15 (09.07'N, 59'00'w)' 786 m, long line, 15 Augusr 1993. - zMUo 109196, sex unknown (479 mm sL)' M/s "stfllodd", starion 3-4 Eggvingrunnen (70'50'N, 13'05'w), r2o-7oo m, long line, 30 August 1991. - NHMR, uncat., male (516 mm SL), "sunnutindut'', (65"13,N, 11"16'W), 622m, bottom trawl,5 July 1995.-NHMR, uncat., male (527mm SL), "Sunnutindur", (67'14'N, 14o31W), 539 m, bottom trawl, T July 1995. I New data on Lycodes luetkeni from Greenlandic and Icelandic waters 291 j -.; h Diagnosis Tail short, preanal length 45.8-55.|Vo SL. Pectoral fin very long 14.8-20.3Vo SL, with 23-24 fin rays. Head large 24.9-28.8?o SL. Lateral line system with predorsal, dorsolateral and medio-lateral lines. Fins, nape and abdomen without scales. Colour pink before fixation, grey-brown afterwards. Description Mertstic and rnoryhotnetric characters. - The examined specimens have almost similar counts and ratios, and no sexual dimorphism was observed (Table I). There are no differences from previous descriptions (Collett, 1880; Koefoed, 1927: Saito and Okamura, 1995). . Colour. - All fresh specimens were mostly pink (Fig. lA). After fixation, they were grey-brown (Fig. lB). All specimens have 5-7 inegular light bars dorsally on the body continuing out on the dorsal fin, which is dark between the bars. A light horseshoeshaped bar is found on the nape. The abdomen and ventral parts of the head are light. The four museum specimens from off west and east Greenland are pale grey-brown. If true grey-brown specimens exist, we have no evidence of it. However, ontogenetic colour change is known for L. pallidus Collett, 1878 and L. vahli Reinhardt, 1831, which are believed to lose light bars and black spots with growth (Jensen, 1904)- L. terraenovae Collett, 1895 becomes darker with growth. This change does not seem to be directly correlated to maturity (MOller, 1997). None of the large pink specimens were at spawning stage and because a 137 mm SL juvenile was pink, this colour is unrelated to reproductive condition. Because large specimens of both colours exist, it is possible that the species exists in two distinct colour morphs. Squamation. - Both pink and grey-brown specimens have 22-28 rows of scales in a vertical line above anus. The distance from snout to anteriormost scales is 28-32Vo SL. Fins, nape and abdomen are naked. The scales end in a wedge behind the pectorals. Lateral line system. - All species have three rows of neuromasts. A short row in front of the dorsal fin holds 5-8 widely separate neuromasts, a dorso-lateral row holds 1925 widely separate neuromasts and a medio-lateral line holds 107-113 connected neuro- masts. Hedpores. - Adult specimens have relatively large pores, and the 13'l mm SL juvenile has extremely large preopercular, mandibular and suborbital pores. Number of pores are: nasal-2-3, postorbital-4, suborbital-9-l1, preoperculo-mandibular-8, interorbitd-O, occipital-3.,No numerical differences were found between the two colour types. Dentition. -All teeth are relatively small, and not sexually dimorphic (Table I). There are 5-13 vomerine teeth and 13-18 palatines teeth, all arranged in single rows. Premaxillary teeth are biserial; an outer row with 18-26 teeth and a short inner row with 28 teeth close to the symphysis. Otolith. - Length of sagitta range from 1.2-l.7%o SL irf three west Greenlandic specimens from 316 to 448 mm SL. Sulcus is undivided with a broad opening. Dorsal area is high and provided with radiation structures (Fig.2). Affinities. - L. luetkeni belongs to the $oup of Lycodes characterised by a short tail, light peritoneum and lack of a ventral lateral line. It seems most similar to the tr, reticulatus complex,. consisting of L reticularas Reinhardt, 1835, L. rossi Malmgren, 1864 and L. lavalaei Vladykov and Tremblay, 1936, differing from this group in the high number of pectoral fin rays and the pink colour. * Matren & PsrEnssN 292 : & { tr o ct rtr $ o| (l) Lr \o x st-l € s in -9 (g ca .+ .+ 5F$sSErn$ FFr C) \o + O\ t\ O\ t-{ c')\r-(frqelcfloqQc.,Q do*6 +F K=oic.iSil;S="iS \o N & m t q t-,{ € l-,. € fs N \o f- o o U ot .9 C€ $ eF$sSErn$ c\ + $\o c\@\5 + t-. eqrn€-':c')Q-:vlm\ !-l 6l F=de.iSfiR:=rR N e,< c.i ,; (a !Li ro cl L. 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Li o I 'a E EE 5H ;E '.= r/) o) -*) bc3 '.pu H c?\e\o\qc!oq99m-t $.o rn 6l A E (D o z . \o f-a of x>\ _\v k =(l) Fbo ? e) c! I *, CE a s€E rE -E9 6l r-.I 6l gr, - a;x"a trEtr ooo E fi o o Q Iiiiilili ---dd x c) a g EE E tt g UT ro EE Es E 9H I Etr .=i ie€E 9rJ€ (l)(l)q) o(t)q) HHts E fFt (9 io U, iJ f,,; i EE*fIEIE;IE gig;EESii:I; New data on Lycodes luetkeni from Greenlandic and Icelandic waters 293 6l L - L CE (t) a I c) H I {) a a o c) L rl^ - Cr llr tr It G L (D .Fa aa rl G ,la ia Co\o\ \o B r- o C. ooO.s rcf-N , . \o c.r O\ r- €Fr o +i GI 0 c) tFa E U) o F. al o\ lr t< tr c) \ lrr fr A I (ro q) o t+ cai o !+ C- * z N rn H N = 4 0) (, ll ttr ta ilE e L q) H h z *r I c! ca & 2, G $ 63 = a v !t - N'i o F qJ + O\o rn 0) N A + 6l 8R$NsErl 15 FT F G x E] \o o o , rc lri fi.r \o + O\ r-{ cc o\ or or il 6l N !f,..r- o\ OOf-cOC-lt\O\ N .+ L ul FS*;"dISKS=rK +t< c! f- G v?\e.l ,--oqqe'lqo,i \O $roT rn€ \o o\ o\ c) KIs.i=SKIIrg r+ \o () a a -'i9mFn1:qqorcl SFfRPH+R s=3 at + r-{ I f\ ggrconqqv?c1r_cJ r-,1 Itnl -\o oo +Fr (\l oOcAd;C\cAO\e!O^i,-r \ ' t'Cc. (\ \n 6l - -r - 6l c\ + rn fr\O, rn ca nQooooot-c\9r-01 a) Fr a N \o rrl N trl \o f* cn o N f!. (g !.r a CA aFSRSS,ng c.l t-'( t-{ NI;d.i 8R3="dg +oo c! L E .+Je) 9b 6l_ 6i -- li gf o9 :I i5 I -Fi- '=Ec cn iE. = uo-;;.= - tro ?E''v2 .= gp.o H S L L h q) - U L g I G C, r- .I X a a; a trtrE ooo t o q) Q V) etqi E!isEiii! rr) E 9E E E" Lr Fi E Eb G E EuEEf=;r c) F rs {J UD L] € E= -_ rlgrg 'ie -I I I --nfr {., (l)(l)€) (l)oc) ErFrti .E : ir ; E E*: iE;eiili:iiE tl .lJ 5 ss;EBiEEi5; t : a t 294 Morrsn & PBrsnssN ;. U r) F( zN \J q,, d v Lr aa\ FT - L, tr (,O v ll v ff ; o.,, H v 'Fr !J d t9 X -o ;- ,-',1 Lr q-{ ! ; .+) \J a IY X - ,1 c) lr €O /^/\ t*t < ;. A F tF H @ f$ J a \i/ -f F,( oo C.I \o f,r\ l-t I U )z F N .E \ 6 N q) "V *.. \) ,$ S r\r 4 qJ 'r-r ! v \,) f! h I m$ J IL New data on Lycodes luetkeni from Greenlandic and Icelandic waters 295 -: I I r"ig.Z. - Otolith (left sagitta) of Lycocles luetkeni, ZMUC-P 761416 (SL 316 mm). Distribution, habitat and biologY surprisingly rare compared to most other species of the genus' The and 1098 m species occurs throughout the Arctic North Atlantic at depths between ll2 mm SL and (NHMR, 5! specimens Two tiig. ll. The biology is virtually unknown. specitype The stomach. in the fish unidentified had an mm SL) 137 ZIll1lUCp76l256, men was reported to have eaten a Cottunculus sp. (Collett' 1880)' n +oz *In SL Greenland female (ZMUC-P 762813) had a 91 mm long ovary, with about 1000 orange eggs 5 mm in diameter. This is one of the highest egg numbers by z. esobserved in any AtlanticlLrctic Lycodes species, probably outnumbered only rnarki collett, iazs *ittr up to 1200 eggs (Andriashev, 1986). Egg size indicates a late L. luetkeni is. aurumn spawning. CONCLUSION No meristic or rnorphological differences were found between the pink and greybrown specimens. Both colour types fit the data from the type specimen very well. We therefore suggest that the grey-brown colour is a fixation artefact and the pink colour is not the result of ecotogical or reproductive factors. for Acknowledgements. - Thanks to Per Pethon (ZI\4UO) and Soren A. Pedersen (Greenland Institute otolitll the drawing for (ZVIUC) is thankld Menne Tammes material. providing for Resources) Natural Jorgen Bj6rn J6nsson (Dj{pivogur, Iceland) is thanked for preserving the two. Icelandic specimens and Nielsen (ZMUC) is thanked for critically reading earlier versions of this text. 296 MOlr.En & PSTSRSEN : i t I Fig.3. - Records of Lycodes luetkzni. o New records, holotype location, * Koefoed 1927 specimen. REf,'ERENCES ANDERSON M.E., 1994. - Systematics and osteology of the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Ic hthy ol. B ull., 60: l-120. ANDRIASIIEV A.P., 1954.-Fishes of the Northern seas of the u.s.s.R. 566 p. Akademiya Nauk Soyuza Sovetskikh Socialisticheskikh Respublik. Leningrad (in Russian). 1986. -Zoarcidae. Fishes the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean (Whitehead P.J.P. et al., eds). 1473 p. UNESCO, paris. COLLETT R., 1880. - Fiske, zoologi. Norske Nordhavs Expedition. 1876-78. christiania,3: l-165. JENSEN A.s., 1904. - The North-European and Greenlandic Lycodina. Danish Ingolf Exped.,2(4): l99. Iz: ANDRIASIIEV A.P., of KOEFOED E., 1927.-Fishes from the sea-Bottom, "Michael sars" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition 1910, 4: 145 p. MOLLER PR., 1997. - Identity of the Atlantic eelpouts, Lycodes terraenoyae Collett, 1896, Lycodes atlanticus Jensen, 1902 and L. agulhcnsis Andriashev, 1959 . Steenstrupia, 220): 45-59. 1995. - zoarcidae - Lycodes, pp. 194-203. r2.. Fishes collected by R./v *shinkai Maru" in the waters around Greenland (okamura o., Amaoka K., Takeda M., yano K., Okada K. & S. Chikud, eds). JAMARC. sAITo H. & o. OKAMURA, Regu le 2j.05.196. Accepti pour publication le 16.02.1997. View publication stats