A Second Checklist of the Lichens of Italy: With a Thesaurus of Synonyms

Pier Luigi Nimis

Based on the analysis of both historical and recent collections, this paper reports an annotated list of taxa which are new to the lichen biota of Italy or of its administrative regions. Specimens were identified using a dissecting and a compound microscope; routine chemical spot tests and standardized thin-layer chromatography (TLC or HPTLC). The list includes 225 records of 153 taxa. Twenty taxa are new to Italy, the others are new to one or more administrative regions, with 15 second records and 5 third records for Italy. Some of the species belong to recently-described taxa, others are poorly known, sterile or ephemeral lichens which were largely overlooked in Italy. Several species are actually rare, either because of the rarity of their habitats (e.g. old-growth forests), or because in Italy they are at the margins of their bioclimatic distribution. The picture of the lichen biota of Italy has now new pixels, but its grain is still coarse. Further analysis of historical collec...

Résumé/Abstract 203 infrageneric taxa, two of them of lichenicolous fungi, the others of lichenized fungi, are reported from an area with extensive gypsum outcrops in the northern Apennines (Gypsum Park, Provinces of Bologna and Ravenna, Northern Italy). 56 lichen taxa are new to the flora of the region. Five taxa are new to Italy: Acarospora placodiiformis, Acarospora nodulosa var. nodulosa, Lecanora subcarpinea, Lepraria crassissima v. isidiata, Psora saviczii. The lichen flora and vegetation of the survey area are compared with those ...

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235224861 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy with a thesaurus of synonyms Book · January 2003 CITATIONS READS 61 268 2 authors: Pier Luigi Nimis Martellos Stefano 281 PUBLICATIONS 3,644 CITATIONS 52 PUBLICATIONS 567 CITATIONS Università degli Studi di Trieste SEE PROFILE Università degli Studi di Trieste SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Pier Luigi Nimis on 14 January 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS 4 PIER LUIGI NIMIS STEFANO MARTELLOS A SECOND CHECKLIST OF THE LICHENS OF ITALY with a thesaurus of synonyms MONOGRAFIE - 4 Names have the same value on the marketplace of botany as coins have in public affairs, which are daily accepted as certain values by others, without metallurgical examination. Linnaeus, Critica Botanica, 1736 p. 204 O.P.T.I.M.A. Commission for Lichens, Publication Nr. 5 MUSEO REGIONALE DI SCIENZE NATURALI SAINT-PIERRE – VALLE D’AOSTA Aosta 2003 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms 5 Acknowledgments The number of colleagues who have collaborated to this book in various ways is too long to acknowledge all of them. A special thank goes to J. Hafellner (Graz), who carefully checked a first version of the Thesaurus, and to M.R.D. Seaward (Bradford), who kindly English-edited the introduction. We are also grateful to G.Incerti (Trieste) for technical assistence, and to M. Tretiach (Trieste) for critical remarks. The publication of this book was financed by M.I.U.R. funds to the senior author. 6 PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS ABSTRACT A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms. This book aims at filling the gap betwen the first modern catalogue of Italian lichens, published by Nimis in 1993, and its second edition, which is planned for 2006. It contains 15.053 infrageneric epithets subdivided into two distinct, but related lists: 1) The first one is an updated, non-annotated checklist of the lichens reported from Italy up to 31 December 2002. To facilitate comparisons with the previous catalogue, the list also includes several non-lichenised taxa traditionally treated by lichenologists. No mention is made of other non-lichenised fungi that often occur in lichen checklists. 2345 infrageneric taxa are mentioned, 2244 of which are lichenised. The list also includes an appendix with 108 “nonaccepted” poorly-known taxa and some dubious records. 2) The second list is a Thesaurus of synonyms, mainly concerning Italian lichens, but also extended to neighbouring areas, especially E and S Europe, and N Africa, which includes 12.600 infrageneric epithets. It is published here not only as an aid to compilers of regional or national checklists, but especially because - once available in the internet and incorporated into information systems - it could be of some help in facilitating connections among distributed databases with different nomenclatural standards. RIASSUNTO Un secondo catalogo dei licheni d’Italia, con un Thesaurus di sinonimi. Questo libro intende colmare la lacuna tra il primo moderno catalogo dei licheni d’Italia, pubblicato da Nimis nel 1993, e la sua seconda edizione, prevista per il 2006. Contiene 15.053 epiteti infragenerici, suddivisi in due liste, distinte ma collegate: 1) Una lista aggiornata di tutti i funghi lichenizzati noti per l’Italia sino al 31 Dicembre 2002. Per facilitare il paragone con il catalogo precedente, essa include alcuni taxa non-lichenizzati tradizionalmente trattati dai lichenologi. Non vengono inclusi altri funghi lichenicoli, spesso citati nei cataloghi di licheni. Il totale è di 2.345 taxa infragenerici, di cui 2.244 sono lichenizzati. La lista include anche un appendice di 108 taxa poco noti, o di segnalazioni dubbie. 2) Un Thesaurus di sinonimi, prevalentemente centrato sui licheni d’Italia, ma esteso anche ad altre parti d’Europa e della regione Mediterranea, che include 12.600 epiteti infragenerici. Esso viene pubblicato come strumento di lavoro per la compilazione di cataloghi nazionali o locali, e soprattutto perchè, una volta incorporato in un sistema informatizzato, potrebbe rendere più semplice la connessione tra banche dati con diversi standard nomenclaturali. A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms 7 BIOGRAFIE Pier Luigi Nimis - Nato ad Udine nel 1953, si laurea in Scienze Naturali presso l’Università di Trieste nel 1977, sotto la guida di S. Pignatti. Negli anni successivi si specializza in ecologia numerica con L. Orloci alla University of W Ontario (Canada) ed in lichenologia all' Università di Graz (Austria), sotto la guida di J. Poelt. Ricercatore di Botanica presso la Facoltà di Scienze dell’Università di Trieste dal 1981 al 1986, diviene professore Ordinario di Botanica nel 1986. Negli anni successivi assume la Presidenza del Corso di laurea in Scienze Biologiche (1991-1996), e la Direzione del Dipartimento di Biologia dell’Università di Trieste (dal 1996 al 2002). La sua attività scientifica, concretatasi in più di 200 pubblicazioni, è centrata sui seguenti temi principali: 1) Ecologia: biomonitoraggio dell'inquinamento, radioecologia. 2) Fitogeografia quantitativa dell' Emisfero Nord, 3) Lichenologia, dalla sistematica alla floristica, a studi ecologici e vegetazionali. Membro degli editorial boards di numerose riviste nazionali ed internazionali, il Prof. Nimis è stato responsabile scientifico di progetti nazionali cofinanziati dal Ministero dell’ Università ininterrottamente a partire dal 1991. Presidente della Società Lichenologica Italiana (1987-1991), Segretario della "Lichen Commission" dell' OPTIMA (dal 1993), Membro dell' Executive Council della International Association for Lichenology (dal 1992) ed Editor-in-Chief della International Lichenological Newsletter (1997-2000). Membro dell'Executive Council della International Mycological Association (dal 1998 al 2002) e del Comitato Internazionale di Nomenclatura Botanica (dal 1999). Presidente della International Association for Lichenology dal 2000. Medaglia OPTIMA (1995) per il miglior lavoro sulla flora Mediterranea pubblicato nel 1993 (la monografia sui Licheni d'Italia). Stefano Martellos Nato a Romans d’Isonzo (GO) nel 1969, si laurea in Scienze Biologiche presso l’Università degli Studi di Trieste con una tesi dal titolo “Una banca dati sui licheni d’Italia”, sotto la guida di P.L. Nimis. Dopo la laurea risulta vincitore di tre borse di studio bandite dal Dipartimento di Biologia dell’Università di Trieste. Attualmente segue il corso di Dottorato di Ricerca in “Metodologie di biomonitoraggio dell’alterazione ambientale” presso lo stesso Dipartimento, dove svolge attività di ricerca su aspetti ecologici, floristici e tassonomici dei licheni. Si occupa della gestione di diverse banche dati sugli organismi vegetali, in particolare licheni, nell’ambito di un progetto di ricerca nazionale finanziato dal Ministero dell’Università. E’ webmaster del sito della Società Lichenologica Italiana. 8 PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Introduction This work is published ten years after the first catalogue of the lichens of Italy (Nimis, 1993). This has been an exciting decade for the numerous young Italian lichenologists, a period which saw substantial progress in the lichenological exploration of the country. Meanwhile, progress in lichen taxonomy worldwide has been so intense - and the nomenclatural opinions of the senior author have changed so drastically - as to render outdated much information contained in the previous catalogue of Nimis (1993). A new annotated catalogue is expected in 2006. The present book aims at filling this time-gap. Although mainly addressed to Italian lichenologists, it could also be useful for compilers of checklists in the Mediterranean area, and to the many proto-lichenologists in Europe and neighbouring countries who - after having spent much time in learning a precious name have discovered that it is no longer the “correct” one. The present book will never win the Nobel Prize for literature, let alone that for science. It looks like a dry telephone directory, with 15.053 epitethets subdivided into two distinct but related lists: 1) The first is an updated, unannotated list of all lichenised fungi reported from Italy up to 31 December 2002. To facilitate comparisons with Nimis (1993), it also includes several non-lichenised taxa traditionally treated by lichenologists, for a total of 2345 infrageneric taxa, 2244 of which are lichenised. No mention is made of other non-lichenised fungi that often occur in lichen checklists. Compared with the catalogue of Nimis (1993), the present checklist includes several new taxa, and - especially - many new names. More detailed information on novelties with respect to Nimis (1993) will be available on-line through ITALIC (http://dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it), which will be updated in 2003, i.e. at the same time of the appearance of the present book. 2) The second is a Thesaurus of synonyms, mainly concerning Italian lichens, but also extended to neighbouring areas, especially E and S Europe, and N Africa. The Thesaurus includes 12.600 infrageneric epithets. It is published here as an aid not only to compilers of regional or national checklists, but also to teachers, students, curators of herbaria, legislators, amateurs, etc. Once available on the internet and incorporated into information systems, it could be of some help in facilitating connections among distributed databases which follow different nomenclatural standards. The “Era of Checklists” Since the Rio Conference, the term “Biodiversity” has become politically important for biological research worldwide. At present, many classical taxonomists can still pursue their work thanks to a term which - at least as it is currently used - is difficult to define “operationally” (for an explanation of this term, see later). With the help of computer aids, many lichenologists worldwide have started to evaluate critically the huge body of knowledge which has accumulated over at least two centuries of research. A search of the term “checklist” (titles+keywords) with the on-line database of A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms 9 lichenological literature by Culberson et al. (2002), gives the following figures: 26 papers between 1971 and 1980, 65 between 1981 and 1990, and 116 between 1991 and 2000. A trend which is set to continue. Paradoxically, in a future history of lichenology the period starting from the 1990s - that of molecular systematics - will perhaps be called “The Era of Checklists”. Modern checklists are stepsons of the re-birth of Lichenology after the Second World War. It might be difficult for modern young lichenologists to figure out the state of their discipline only fifty years ago. With the exception of a lichenological fortress in Scandinavia, only a few scattered lichenologists were active, and lichenological knowledge of the European flora was far from the present state of completion. One of the historically most fundamental works published in the second half of the 20th century on European lichens was the “Bestimmungsschlussel” by Poelt (1969), followed by its two Ergänzungshefte” (Poelt & Vĕzda 1977, 1981). In France, similar work was undertaken by G.Clauzade and his young pupil Cl.Roux, with the assistance of Prof. P.Ozenda (Ozenda & Clauzade, 1970); this culminated in the “Determinlibro” (Clauzade & Roux 1985), a further important and useful tool for European lichenologists. Noble offsprings of these works are some modern classics, such as the excellent floras of Baden-Württenberg by Wirth (1987, 1995), that of the British Isles (Purvis et al. 1992), and the Nordic Lichen Flora which was started in 1999 (Ahti et al. 1999). The lichen floras of Australia (Anon. 1992, Orchard & Grgurinovich 1994, McCarthy 2001), New Zealand (Galloway, 1985), Antarctica (Øvstedal & Smith 2001), and even that of such a “difficult” region as the Sonoran area (Nash et al. 2002), also have their roots in the post-War re-birth of lichenology. The first significant rumblings that announced the deluge of checklists which started in the 1990s were the checklists of Hale & Culberson (1970) and Egan (1987) for the US and Canada, and that of Scandinavia by Santesson (1984). Before 1993, important checklists were also published for other parts of the world, e.g. former Yugoslavia (Kušan 1953), C America (Imshaug 1956), Tasmania (Wetmore 1963), the Indian subcontinent (Awasthi 1965), Australia (Weber & Wetmore 1972), Denmark (Alstrup & Søchting 1989), Sardinia (Nimis & Poelt 1987), and Madeira (Hafellner 1992). In 1993, three important works appeared: the new checklist of Scandinavia by Santesson (1993), that of the British Isles by Purvis et al. (1993), and that of Italy by Nimis (1993). In Europe and neighbouring areas, these were rapidly followed by the checklists of Slovakia (Pišut et al. 1993, 1996), Poland (Faltynowicz 1993), Ireland (Seaward 1994), Germany (Wirth 1994, Scholz 2000), Mediterranean Turkey (John 1996), Tunisia (Seaward, 1996), Israel (Galun & Mukhtar 1996, Kondratyuk et al. 1996), Morocco (Egea 1996), the Russian Arctic (Andreev et al. 1996), Ukraine (Kondratyuk et al. 1996, 1998), Finland (Vitikainen et al. 1997), the Svalbard Archipelago (Elvebakk & Hertel 1997), Cyprus (Litterski & Mayrhofer 1998), The Czech Republic (Vĕzda & Liska 1999), Estonia (Randlane & Saag 1999), Lithuania (Motiejunaite 1999), The Netherlands (Aptroot et al. 1999), Greenland (Alstrup et al. 2000), Belgium and Luxembourg (Diederich & Sérusiaux 2000), Slovenia (Suppan et al. 2000), the Iberian Peninsula (Llimona & Hladun 2001), Austria (Hafellner & Türk 2001), and Switzerland (Clerc 2003, in press). Some national checklists were complemented by more detailed catalogues at a regional or provincial level. Examples are the checklists for the Valencian Community (Atienza & Segarra 1999), Galicia (Carballal et al. 1995, Alvarez 1997), the Toledo and the Zamora Provinces (Vasquez & Burgaz 1996, Terron-Alfonso et al. 2000) in Spain, those of Schleswig- 10 PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Holstein (Jacobsen 1992), Niedersachsen (Hauck 1996), and Brandenburg (Otte & Raetzel 1998) in Germany, those of Calabria (Puntillo 1996) and Val d'Aosta (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999) in Italy, and those of Yorkshire (Seaward 1994) and Wales (Woods & Orange 1999) in the United Kingdom, just to mention a few of them. Several checklists from the Mediterranean area were compiled in the framework of a project of the Commission for Lichens of OPTIMA, the Organization for the PhytoTaxonomical Investigation of the Mediterranean Area (Italy, Calabria, Iberian Peninsula, Slovenia, Cyprus, Crete, Mediterranean Turkey, Ukraine, Israel, Tunisia, and Morocco). This was also one of the first attempts at merging individual lichen checklist into a network of databases searchable on-line (Grube & Nimis 1997). A similar, new project on a worldwide scale was started in 2001 by T.Feuerer (http://www.biologie.unihamburg.de/checklists/world_l.htm). The trend toward synthesis was not limited to Europe. Important checklists were published for British Columbia (Noble et al. 1987), Ohio (Flenniken & Showman 1990), Australia (McCarthy 1991, Filson 1996), New Zealand (Galloway 1992, Malcolm & Galloway 1997), Colorado (Weber & Witmann 1992), the Cape Verde Islands (Mies 1993), Tasmania (Kantvilas 1994), Sokotra (Mies 1994), N America (Esslinger & Egan 1995), Macaronesia (Hafellner 1995, 1999), the Venezuelan Andes (Marcano et al. 1996), Chile (Galloway & Quilhot 1998), Alaska (Geiser et al. 1998), the region of Chiapas in Mexico (Sipman & Wolf 1998), Argentina (Calvelo & Liberatore 2002), etc. Checklists summarise in a more or less critical way the hitherto known information on the biological diversity in a given area. They may differ greatly in scope and content: in some cases they appear as simple lists of names, in others they provide detailed literature records for all listed taxa. They may be annotated or not. Checklists will differ according to the degree of exploration of the area they cover. For well-explored areas they often represent the basis for a real flora. For poorly explored areas they summarise the current state of knowledge, but cannot pretend to be exhaustive. In both cases they provide a solid baseline for future updates. The best criterion for a checklist to have accomplished its task as a facility to the scientific community is the speed of its becoming outdated. One could imagine that the degree of taxonomic knowledge parallels that of floristic exploration, i.e. that in well-studied areas most of the infrageneric taxa are likely to be welldelimited taxonomically. On the contrary, it is just in areas explored with more continuity that we often find the highest number of names referring to very poorly-known taxa in need of revision. Authors have different policies on how to treat such names in a checklist: a) they are simply ignored, b) they are synonymised with better known taxa without examination of the type material, c) they are placed in a special appendix of "poorly known taxa", d) they are included into the checklist. As a result, the total number of taxa accepted in a checklist does not always reflect the real species diversity of that area. Incidentally, further taxonomic research will often reduce rather than increase the number of accepted taxa, as it has happened with the flora of Antarctica (Castello & Nimis 1995, 1997). Indeed, the discovery of a new synonym may be more important than the description of a new species. Checklists have different scopes and contents, and they should always be judged while considering the situation of floristic and taxonomic research that they reflect. They are a valuable tool for retrieving and accessing the enormous amount of information which has accumulated during centuries of biological research. They offer an indispensable basis for A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms 11 specimen revision, for the critical re-appraisal of poorly-known taxa, and for the further exploration of under-investigated areas. They may and should be catalysts for new, more intensive investigations. Checklists are also expected to be a means of achieving nomenclatural stability. In this respect, however, all of them have failed, and will certainly continue to fail (see next Chapter). Nomina si nescis perit et cognitio rerum This arid book mainly deals with Names. The use of Names makes Humans a special case in the Animal Kingdom. Names are phonetic invariants which carry bits of information on fragments of the World that we experience as distinct from one another (Wittgenstein 1921). Names originate from more or less explicit classification processes, the concept of “similarity” being basic in every name we use and in every classification our brain performs (e.g. Sneath & Sokal 1973). Names must remain stable. Humans could not speak about the World if the names attached to its fragments were to change every day. Biological nomenclature - little more than two centuries old - is still firmly rooted in the “Myth of the Binomial”: any biological object we recognise as distinct must be endowed with at least two related epithets: that of the “genus”, and that of the “species”. The Myth of the Binomial, however, has failed badly in making biological names stable. The list of synonyms contained in the present book is a modest, but hopefully convincing, proof. Why are biological Names so unstable? Who is the name-Killer? This clearly is the “genus” concept, which, ambiguously, is both a part of the phylogenetic hierarchy and an integral part of the biological name. Genera are like viruses, they act as carriers of dangerous phylogenetic implications that eventually will kill the names (Nimis 1998, 2001, Lumbsch 2002). At an educated guess, ca. 20% of the binomials accepted in this book have changed with respect to the catalogue of Nimis (1993), mainly because of generic modifications. In Latin, the term genus refers to sex (“genitals”), birth (“gene, genotype”), descendance (“gentry”), and family (“genealogy”). Italians still call their parents “genitori”. In Roman times, it was relatively easy to assess the genus of somebody: genus ducere ab aliquo (Virgilius, “to descend from somebody”), genus inde trahunt (Ovidius, “they are born from the same stock” - of animals), although there were also cases - as it happens today - of genera falsa (Cicero, “false descendancy”). Indeed, it is easier to assess the descendancy of five brothers, or five cows, than that of five lichens. The term “monophyletic” is another important actor in the current nomenclatural theater. It derives from Greek, and hence it is logically clearer and more comprehensive than its Latin cousin. Its roots are: µονοσ = just one, and ϕυλον = generation, tribe, race. A single thread of descendancies should be traced for stating that a given group of organisms is “monophyletic”, i.e. they must have common ancestors. However, all of us have many ancestors. How far back in history do we have to go to prove that some of us are “monophyletic”? The senior author of this book and his brother - being born from Carlo and Matilde - are monophyletic. Some years ago, in Buenos Aires, they met the great grandson of their grandfather’s brother, who emigrated to Argentina at the beginning of the previous century. The name “Nimis” - that of the fathers - was found in the telephone directory, while the six mothers involved in the production of the three cousins could not be traced so easily. Three “monophyletic” organisms met in Buenos Aires. However, as they 12 PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS all descend from Adam and Eve, they are also “monophyletic” with Sophia Loren. The scale of “monophyletism” has neither an upper nor a lower limit, and - hence - it does not enjoy an “operational” definition. The term "operational" is well known in science, but apparently is not very popular among lichenologists. Its coiner was a Nobel Prize winner for Physics, Percy William Bridgman (1882-1961). In his famous "The Logic of Modern Physics", Bridgman (1927) introduced what he called "operational definition of concepts". The following text, which takes as an example the concept of "length", is a classic citation in several scientific disciplines, from physics to biology: "To find the length of an object, we have to perform certain physical operations. The concept of length is therefore fixed when the operations by which length is measured are fixed: that is, the concept of length involves as much as and nothing more than the set of operations by which length is determined. In general, we mean by any concept nothing more than a set of operations: the concept is synonymous with a corresponding set of operations...We must demand that the set of operations equivalent to any concept be an unique set, for otherwise there are possibilities of ambiguity in practical applications that we cannot admit" (Bridgman 1927). In their classical "Numerical Taxonomy", a forefather of modern cladistics, Sneath & Sokal (1973) started from the same premise in their historically important effort to disentangle biological taxonomy from oldinherited swamps. The question was: what is the unique set of operations that we perform to define a taxon? We have now operational means - especially molecular means - to assess degrees of kinship among organisms, but we have no operational rules to clearly decide at what degree of kinship a “genus” stops, and a “family” begins. Taxonomical ranks - especially when related to nomenclature - try to compress into one dimension an extremely complex and reticulated pattern of biological descendancies. Efforts to make them more "scientifically correct", e.g. by cladistics or molecular systematics, are like fig-leaves covering operational nakedness. As genera are an integral part of the binomial, biological nomenclature still depends on phylogenetic hypotheses (Nimis 1998, 2001). Hypotheses are by definition unstable, they change following the stream of new knowledge. Thus, biological Names do rest on unstable ground. In our opinion nomenclatural stability - under the current rules can be reached only in the ideal situation in which all genera were perfectly “monophlyetic”, i.e. monospecific (Nimis 2001). This is why, albeit reluctantly, many “modern”, narrowly defined “genera” were accepted in the present checklist if there is evidence that they include more or less “monophyletic” groups of species. Many modern authors - including those of the present book - accept Vulpicida as a genus distinct from Cetraria, in spite of molecular evidence (Lumbsch 2002). Vulpicida are yellow, Cetraria are brown: the two generic names are useful for memorizing different biological objects. Most of the splits of the old genus Parmelia are also accepted here (Allantoparmelia, Canoparmelia, Flavoparmelia, Hypotrachyna, Melanelia, Neofuscelia, Parmelia s.str., Parmotrema, Pleurosticta, Punctelia, Xanthoparmelia). As a matter of fact, there were too many “Parmelias” on Earth; the new genera can be easily distinguished by the abstute observer, they probably are “monophyletic”, and their names are useful for memorizing different biological objects. However, we also accept the splits of a small genus, Catapyrenium s.lat., such as Anthracothecium, Catapyrenium s.str., Clavascidium, Heteroplacidium, Involucropyrenium, Neocatapyrenium and Placidium, even if the differences among them A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms 13 are not ideal for memorizing different biological objects. Still worse, we are not consistent in placing into one and the same genus two very different organisms, like Lecanora muralis (= Protoparmeliopsis muralis according to Hafellner & Türk, 2001) and Lecanora rupicola. The same applies to the huge genus Caloplaca, which includes e.g. C. alociza, C. aurantia, C. carphinea, C. demissa, C. erythrocarpa, C. flavorubescens, and C. lactea. Envious of the fate accorded to Cetraria, Parmelia and Catapyrenium, most of the Caloplaca eagerly await the changing of their old-fashioned names into Blastenia, Gasparrinia, Leproplaca, Pyrenodesmia, Xanthocarpia, Xanthoriella, etc... In comparison with the fate accorded to the former, maintaining them in Caloplaca is like putting together elephants and rats. Compared with the nomenclatural earthquakes and the Babylonian confusion created by generic changes, instability as a result of the poor operational definition of “species” is relatively small. The Latin term species has primarily to do with something we can look at. It derives from the verb spectare (to observe, e.g. speculum = mirror, or the terms “spectator”, “spectacle”, “inspector”, etc.), and hence with “appearance”, “form”, and “resemblance”. It was also used for terms such as “idea” (veram specie capere: Livius), “fantasy” (vanae species: Horatius), “ghost” (nocturnae species: Livius), and “illusion” (in speciem: Caesar), which perhaps better reflect the current use of this term. Despite the presence of numerous species concepts (e.g. Baum & Donoghue 1995, Mayden 1997), there is a consensus on the “existence” of species (Baum 1998, Lumbsch 2002). The "biological species concept" (see e.g. Mayr 1942, 1963), which considers as a species a population of organisms which can potentially exchange genetic information, is one which approaches an operational definition. Originally developed by zoologists, mainly by ornithologists, it was rapidly and readly accepted because it it was the only species concept that fitted into the “Synthetic Theory of Evolution”, which - in those times - was mainly based upon population genetics. However, its application in the case of plants, and especially of fungi, soon proved to be not so easy as in the case of birds. How many “new” lichen species were described in the last 50 years based on reproductive separation among populations? Most lichenologists are still describing and delimiting species on the basis of widely different mixtures of morpho-chemical, distributional and ecological characters. Under these premises, the acceptance or rejection of several “species” - as in the case of the present book - becomes a matter of more or less educated guesses, many of which could prove to be wrong if we only would have clear operational criteria to prove that they are wrong. Molecular data, while being of considerable help, just provide us with further characters for further educated guesses. The number of “species” is at the base of most estimates of biodiversity, and the fact that the concept of “species” rests on operational quicksands is, of course, not readily acknowledged by biologists. In this book, as in all current lichen floras and checklists, “species” are delimited according to vague criteria, the most important of which are the opinions of the last author who produced a monograph of a certain group, plus our personal feelings on the “validity” of a given infrageneric taxon. Many taxonomists still naively stick to concepts inherited from peasants and shepherds, concepts which deal with breeding stocks and familiar relationships. Nomenclatural instability is becoming a nightmare for name-users, such as curators of collections and databases, teachers, students, legislators, and interested amateurs. In our opinion, sooner or 14 PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS later the “Myth of the Binomial” will be placed in the book of fairy tales (Nimis 2001): nomenclature should be separated from phylogeny, names should be separated from hypotheses (Cantino et al. 1997, Cantino 1998, 2000, Lumbsch 2002). According to some colleagues, three or four generations of biologists will pass before this will happen. Optimistically, we hope that one generation will be enough. Lichens on-line: ITALIC The text file of the catalogue of Italian lichens by Nimis (1993) - thanks to the help of the junior author of the present book - was rapidly transformed into a database (ITALIC), searchable on-line since October 2000 (Nimis 2000). A second, updated version was published on-line in 2001 (Nimis & Martellos 2002). The next version of ITALIC will appear in February 2003 (http://dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it). ITALIC is being developed as an organiser of several databases and archives dealing with the lichens of Italy. Its core remains in a strongly modified and updated version of the original catalogue of 1993, with the addition of complex links to herbaria, regional checklists, an iconographic archive, an archive of predictive distributional maps, and a recently created morphological database and automatic generator of identification keys working on an original software written by the junior author of this book. ITALIC was designed as an open-ended endeavour, subject to continuous improvement and updating following the stream of new taxonomical, ecological and biogeographic information. Its main aims are to facilitate the retrieval of information on the lichenised fungi of Italy, and to enable biologists worldwide to explore lichen diversity in an area bordering several biomes, from the summits of the Alps to the arid areas of the Mediterranean, from the temperate biome which occupies most of the country to the humid subtropical enclaves which can still be found in its southern part. Lichens are wide-ranging organisms; many taxa present in Italy also occur in most other European countries, and several of them extend their distribution to the whole holarctic region, sometimes even to the southern hemisphere. Thus, the information contained in ITALIC should be useful outside the narrow borders of Italy. The present book is based on the 3rd version of ITALIC, which will appear on the internet in 2003. One could legitimately wonder why information is published here in paper-form when at the same time it is being made freely available in the internet. The main reasons are: a) The authors realised that for practical purposes they often prefer to use the printed rather than the electronic version of their catalogue. b) When information is being continuously updated on-line, it is often impossible for users to properly cite the source. It is not only a matter of continuously changing URLs: that information can disappear, or it can be completely different, on the following day. Hence, there are no means to check whether inconsistencies or mistakes in on-line citations are due to the person who referred to a certain source, or to the source itself. The on-line publication policy adopted for ITALIC is that of leaving the information “frozen” for relatively long periods of time (until now, ca. 1.5 years). At every updating of the on-line version, a paper-printed copy is deposited in the library of the Department of Biology of the University of Trieste, together A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms c) 15 with a CD-Rom. In this way, present, and especially future, users will have a mean for correctly citing the source of information retrieved from the internet. On-line databases are by definition ephemeral. An economic crisis, or a change of policy in a Department could prevent the purchase of new servers, or the payment of a webmaster, which could cause the disappearance of an online database in a matter of a few hours. This has repeatedly happened in the past. Many databases stored on punched cards or huge magnetic tapes can only be decoded in a few museum-like centers, and several of them are lost forever. Old-fashioned, dusty punched cards and magnetic tapes were often thrown away by people who did not understand the treasures which they concealed. Paper-printed information, while being much more bulky and less efficient, still enjoys a longer and safer life-span. REGION a) Nimis 1993 Venezia Giulia (VG) Friuli (Frl) Veneto (Ven) Trent.-A.Ad. (TAA) Lombardia (Lomb) Piemonte (Piem) Val d’Aosta (VA) Liguria (Lig) Emilia-Rom. (Emil) Toscana (Tosc) Marche (Marc) Umbria (Umbr) Lazio (Laz) Abruzzi (Abr) Molise (Mol) Sardegna (Sar) Campania (Camp) Puglia (Pugl) Basilicata (Bas) Calabria (Cal) Sicilia (Si) N Italy C Italy S Italy ITALY 431 638 900 1272 1055 898 503 790 562 921 187 47 557 335 0 1002 501 383 216 629 726 1857 1338 1061 2145 b) ITALIC 2003 c) Abs. increase 1993-2003 459 28 912 274 1012 112 1301 29 1095 40 1125 227 688 185 977 187 654 92 1005 84 501 314 502 455 650 93 268 603 354 354 1110 108 667 166 570 187 468 252 900 271 846 120 1937 80 1510 172 1262 201 2345 200 d) % increase 1993-2003 6.5 42.9 12.4 2.3 3.8 25.3 36.8 23.7 16.4 9.1 167.9 968.1 16.7 80.0 10.8 33.1 48.8 116.7 43.1 16.5 4.3 12.8 18.9 9.3 Tab.1 - a) number of infrageneric taxa accepted in the catalogue by Nimis (1993), b) number accepted in the present checklist, and in the 2003 version of ITALIC, c) number of new taxa found from 1993 to 2003, and, d) percent increase in the decade 1993-2003 (see also Fig.1). 16 PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS The checklist The catalogue of Italian lichens by Nimis (1993) included 2145 infrageneric taxa. The present checklist, which follows the same criteria for the inclusion of taxa, lists 2345 accepted infrageneric taxa, 2244 of which are lichenised. The checklist is not annotated; it is just a list of names, without references, and without a breakdown into administrative regions, similar to that of Germany by Wirth (1994). The total number of species for each region (Fig. 1), however, is anticipated here in the form of a table, updated to 31 December 2002: Fig. 1 – Administrative subdivisions of Italy (abbreviations as in Tab. 1), and increase in the lichenological exploration of the country between 1993 and 2003. A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms 17 In ten years, despite the synonymization of at least 40 taxa accepted by Nimis (1993), 200 new taxa were added to Italy (an increase of almost 10%), and several regions especially the least known ones - have consistently increased their known lichen floras. Most of the additions derive from 377 papers, published since 1993, which contain lichen reports from Italy. Several new species were discovered during some important field forays. Especially relevant are those carried out by Nimis & Tretiach in 1999 and 2000 in Eastern Peninsular Italy, and in 2001 by Nimis & Tretiach (2003) in SW Italy, and that by P.L.Nimis, Josef Hafellner and Mauro Tretiach in the Western Alps in 2000 and 2001 (unpublished). The regional checklists of Calabria (Puntillo 1996) and Val D’Aosta (Piervittori & Isocrono 1999) also contributed many new records for the respective regions. Other regional checklists are in an advanced state of preparation, e.g. those of Toscana (Benesperi, in prep.), Liguria (Brunialti & Giordani, in prep.), and Piemonte (Isocrono, in prep.); these preliminary data, hovever, are not included here. The lichenological exploration of the country is far from complete. The eastern part of the peninsula and several regions of southern and central Italy still await more thorough research. Despite these shortcomings, Italy now appears as one of the lichenologically best known areas in the world, and one of the few where meaningful statistical analyses based on national and regional floras can be undertaken. A checklist is mainly a list of “accepted” infrageneric taxa. In an introduction to a checklist one would therefore expect some information on the main criteria adopted by the authors to “accept” or “reject” a given taxon. This, however, is not an easy task. Some problems related to the genus and species ranks have already been mentioned. In the following, we shall deal with three further problems: a) that of “poorly known” infrageneric taxa, b) that of infraspecific taxa, c) that of dubious records. a) Poorly known taxa - There is wealth of infrageneric taxa which are known only from the type collection, and occasionally from a few more or less trustworthy additional records. These names are important, as they could refer to “good” taxa, and could have priority over currently accepted names. Should they be listed as an integral part of the “biodiversity pool” of a country? A checklist is normally addressed to two kinds of people, who have different needs and interests: Taxonomists on the one hand, and Name Users on the other. Most of the former would be glad to see all of these names in a checklist. Narrow-ranging endemics, however, are extremely rare in the world of lichens. Many names attached to a lichen known only from the type locality are likely to either enlarge the list of synonyms, or - alas! - to become the “correct” name for another lichen. The game of counting the number of “species” known from a given area is popular among both Taxonomists and Name Users. Is for example the lichen diversity of Italy larger or smaller than that of Austria? The answer depends on the criteria adopted by the authors of the respective catalogues. If we had accepted as “valid” all “species” known only from type material, Italy will probably win the game: the present checklist would increase at least by 10%. There are dozens of Verrucaria species described by Servít from a couple of valleys in coastal Liguria (see Nimis 1993: pp. 751-757). Nobody knows what these names really mean. Some of them could well prove to be “good species”. However, should they all be listed here as “accepted taxa”? We follow Nimis (1993) in throwing all of them into the Inferno-Thesaurus of synonyms, as “Verrucaria sp.”. With a small effort, any Taxonomist will still be able to keep track of them. 18 PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS b) Infraspecific taxa - Modern lichenologists, in general, do not like infraspecific taxa. The reason is clear: as there is already a problem in defining a “species”, no agreement exists on how to define a “subspecies” or a “variety”. There are, however, some exceptions; for example, Clauzade & Roux (1985) recognised several infraspecific taxa within critical groups, such as Acarospora. This genus was outstandingly monographed by Magnusson (1929) at world level. Several subsequent authors, hovever, suspected that Magnusson had often adopted too narrow a species concept, and that several species he described could just be environmentally induced morphs of other species. Clauzade & Roux (1985) could not examine the type material of all of the taxa described by Magnusson, and therefore arranged several of them as subspecies or varieties of better known taxa. Sometimes, indeed, it may be useful to recognise a taxon at subspecific or varietal rank, just to avoid a hasty synonymization which could prove to be wrong in the light of further data. In the present checklist, infraspecific taxa are adopted to designate some problems requiring further research. The rank of “forma” is more readily accepted, but it is hardly used. “Formas” are merely environmentally induced variants of a “species”. By definition, they belong to a Thesaurus of synonyms, but in the present book only a few of the formas have been included, especially in some genera, such as Cladonia, in which such names were largely used in the past. c) Dubious records - Not all of the literature records were accepted for the compilation of the checklist. All records were critically evaluated, and when there was evidence that a given record could be wrong, this was not accepted; for example, there are some records of Micarea assimilata from the Italian Alps. However, according to Coppins (1983, and in litt.) this species is known with certainty only from N Europe; specimens purported to be “Lecidea assimilata” from the Alps and other Central European mountains proved to belong to other species of Micarea. Therefore, the records from the Italian Alps were considered as dubious, and Micarea assimilata is not included into the checklist. Notes on the rejection of records will be provided in the 2003 version of ITALIC (http://dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it). The Thesaurus Work on the Thesaurus - the second part of this book - started in 1991, with the preparation of the first checklist of Italian lichens by Nimis (1993). In that book, ca. 7800 epithets were cited, including accepted names, synonyms and dubious taxa. By the end of 1999, the list of synonyms was transferred into the first version of ITALIC (Nimis 2000), and in the following years it was corrected and increased, while the nomenclature of accepted taxa was updated. The present Thesaurus includes 12.600 infrageneric epithets. Its compilation required the consultation of a huge body of literature, from the classical catalogues of Zahlbruckner (1921-1940) and Lamb (1963) to taxonomic monographs and articles, and to all relevant checklists mentioned in the reference section of this book. Important lists of synonyms, such as that the CABI Bioscience and CBS Database of Fungal Names (Kirk & al. 2003). the list by Coppins (2002), for the British Isles, or that by Vĕzda & Liska (1999) for the Czech Republic, were also critically evaluated. The term “critically” implies that every single name was written after thought, that it was written by hand, and that - with all its faults - the Thesaurus is not an automatic, computer-based compilation of data stolen from different sources, as unfortunately is becoming the fashion today. A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms 19 Originally, the Thesaurus contained only the synonyms of taxa known from Italy. In the last year before its publication, several synonyms were added, concerning lichens known from other parts of Europe, N Africa, Turkey and the near East; for these areas, however, the Thesaurus is not as accurate as for Italy. The Thesaurus can be useful and dangerous at the same time. It can be useful as a working tool for compilers of regional or national checklists, teachers, students, curators of herbaria, amateurs, etc. It could be also useful because it can be invoked in all computerised procedures requiring a name, such as for enabling connections with other databases (herbaria, regional checklists) and archives (iconography, distributional maps). Information from several herbaria is now available on-line, but with widely different nomenclatural standards. Some curators try to fight against windmills in continuously updating nomenclature, others prefer to database only the original name found on the herbarium envelope. Using the Thesaurus, ITALIC permits one to ask for "Pannaria sampaiana", addressing to "Fuscopannaria sampaiana”, including a link to another Database, that of the TSB Herbarium, where nomenclature was not always updated. Thus, one can still retrieve with the same query - the TSB samples filed under "Pannaria sampaiana" and those filed under “Fuscopannaria sampaiana”. In doing this, we had in mind the "potential taxon" concept proposed by Berendsohn (1995). The Thesaurus can be dangerous when used acritically. It has several drawbacks, which should be kept in mind by users: 1) It does not report the sources of the taxonomical (heteronomous) synonymizations. These range from taxonomic monographs by an author who is often the only person in the world who has an overview on a given group of species (e.g. O.Breuss for Catapyrenium s.lat.), to more or less accidental findings in checklists and articles of variable quality. Information on the sources, which is fundamental for the astute user, is in the hand of the authors for ca. 70% of the heteronomous synonyms, but its publication in paper-form would have exceeded the possible size of this book. If time and energy permit, this information will be provided in a future new edition of the Thesaurus, probably one published on-line. 2) The Thesaurus is certainly full of mistakes, ranging from hasty synonymizations of poorly known taxa to wrongly cited authors. From previous experience, we are certain that the family of lichenologists worldwide will help by constructive criticism. 3) The Thesaurus allows one to trace names with the same basyonym (homologous, or nomenclatural synonyms) easily. It may be useful - albeit rather dangerous - to trace “well-established” heteromous synonyms, but it will not work in the case of different “species concepts”. Two contrasting examples: 1) Sorediate morphs of Dirina do occur side by side with sexually reproducing forms throughout the Mediterranean coasts: they are mostly treated at infraspecific rank (Tehler, 1983). However, in several parts of Central Europe, even far from the sea, a sorediate Dirina is often found, which morphologically differs only slightly from the coastal populations. Several outstanding Central European lichenologists do not agree with the synonymization of this lichen with “Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata”, preferring instead to call it “Dirina stenhammari”. This is a typical case where molecular studies could provide the right answer. In the present checklist, both taxa are accepted. 2) The senior author, not convinced of the fact that Acarospora glaucocarpa and Acarospora cervina deserve to be treated as two different species, had the intention to consider the latter to be a 20 PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS synonym of the former. This, however, would have implied the impossibility of retrieving separately the records of the two species, if the Thesaurus were to be invoked by automatic procedures, e.g. if it were used to obtain a consistent nomenclature when automatically merging checklists with different nomenclatural standards. For this reason, the two “species” were kept separate. In other cases, however, some closely related taxa were synonymized (e.g. Parmelina quercina and P. carporrhizans), which could prove to be a mistake in the light of further studies. To summarise, whenever a given name is "accepted" in this book, this does not necessarily mean that this is the "correct" name for that lichen. The Thesaurus will be of some help for those who do not have any idea of what a given epithet means, but users could rightly disagree with it on several synonymisations. Lists of synonyms are important for “global” projects, aimed at compiling worldwide catalogues of organisms. Such lists, however, must be utilised prudently, just as a working tool, and special attention is needed in case they are automatically invoked in computerised procedures. Layout Author’s abbreviations follow Brummitt & Powell (1992), including the absence of a space between the initial of an Author’s name and its surname, e.g. “A.Massal.” instead of “A._Massal.”. In the Checklist, taxa are arranged alphabetically by genus and species. In the Thesaurus, the alphabetic order is adopted for infrageneric epiteths, followed by authors' abbreviations, and (in brackets) by genus and species. “=” leads to the “accepted” name. When the latter is cited in the checklist, it is not followed by authors' names, nor by information on its being lichenised or not. The main abbreviations are: [...] Square brackets include information which should be best omitted when citing a name. In most cases this refers to expressions such as “in” and “ex” (see later). auct. (auctorum = of authors). In the sense of most authors, but not of that which validly described the taxon (see also under sensu). The nomenclatural type (e.g. the specimen which was used by an author to describe a taxon) could prove to belong to a taxon which is different from that which was designated by most authors under that name; for example, the basynoym “caeruleonigricans”, based on Lichen caeruleonigricans Lightf., was used until recently to designate one of the most common species of Toninia in Europe, which is now called Toninia sedifolia. Timdal (1991) discovered that the lectotype of Lichen caeruleonigricans Lightf. is Fuscopannaria praetermissa. Thus, Toninia caeruleonigricans auct. [non (Lightf.) Th.Fr.] is a synonym of Toninia sedifolia, while Toninia caeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Th.Fr. [non auct.] is - formally - a synonym of Fuscopannaria praetermissa. In this case, Thorne Fries, the author of the combination into Toninia, should be also considered as an “auct.”: when he combined Lichen sedifolius into Toninia, he had in mind Toninia sedifolia, and not Fuscopannaria praetermissa (see also later: nomen sed non planta). The expression “auct.” is the nightmare of databasers, because it renders the unambiguous connection between a basyonym and its nomenclatural synonyms impossible. This expression, however, is of some use, since it is not always possible to specify what every author meant with a A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms 21 given name. Sometimes “auct.” can be made slightly less ambiguous (see next two voices, and sensu). auct.europ. (auctorum europaeum= of European authors). In the sense of most European authors. In this case, extra-European authors are excluded. For example, in the past the name Ramalina arabum was often used by European authors to designate a lichen which Krog (1994) proved to belong to a different species, Ramalina implexa. The true R. arabum does not occur in Europe. Thus, Ramalina arabum auct.eur. is a synonym of Ramalina implexa, while the name Ramalina arabum (Ach.) G.Mey. & Flot. designates a different species. auct.ital. (auctorum italicorum = of Italian authors). In the sense of most Italian authors. As far as possible, expressions such as “ital.” “brit.” “gall.” (Italian, British, French...) try to reduce the intrinsic ambiguity of the expression “auct.”; for example, most Italian authors of the XIX century used the epithet Parmelia (or Imbricaria) olivacea to designate the lichen which is here called Melanelia glabra. The basyonym olivacea refers instead to a boreal lichen, presently called Melanelia olivacea. Thus, the name “Parmelia olivacea auct.ital.” is a synonym of Melanelia glabra, while “Parmelia olivacea” in the sense of Finnish authors is most probably the correct nomenclatural synonym of Melanelia olivacea. Between Italy and Finland, however, the expression “olivacea auct.” might have different meanings. Incidentally, there is a single record of “Melanelia olivacea” from the Italian Alps, confirmed by the Finnish lichenologist Teuvo Ahti (1966), an author who naturally does not belong to the “auct.ital.” comb.inval. (combinatio invalida = invalid combination). The name was not changed to a different genus according to the rules of nomenclature, hence the combination is invalid. Several outstanding taxonomists tend to disregard some rules of the Code of Nomenclature (Greuter et al. 2000), an attitude which has produced some strange results. One of the rules of the Code says that to make a valid new combination, the author(s) must specify the page of the original publication in which the basyonym was first mentioned and the taxon validly described. A minor detail perhaps, but when this is not followed, the combination is invalid; for example, Clauzade & Roux (1985) made several invalid combinations because they forgot to cite “The Page”. Hafellner & Türk (2001) in their checklist of Austrian lichens, thought that they could solve these problems by correctly making the combination in their book, and by attributing it to the authors who had made the invalid one. Thus, in Hafellner & Türk (2001) we find “Clauzadea chondrodes (A.Massal.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux comb.nov.”. Unfortunately, the Code (Greuter et al. 2000) also states that “A new combination …must be attributed to the author or authors to whom it was ascribed when, in the publication in which it appears, it is explicitly stated that they contributed in some way to that publication” (Art. 46.2). As in Hafellner & Türk (2001) no written statement can be found that Clauzade & Cl.Roux contributed to that publication, the correct citation is Clauzadea chondrodes (A.Massal.) Hafellner & Türk, to the uttermost regret - vidi - of Josef Hafellner and Roman Türk. ex (ex = from). As the expression “in”, “ex” is often a source of confusion. It means that an author had described (or made a new combination of) a taxon, wrongly attributing it to another author. “Wrongly” means that this happened against the nomenclatural rules. The “real” author of the name is not that coming before “ex”, but that which is mentioned after it; for example: Cyphelium arenarium (presently called Microcalicium 22 PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS arenarium) was described by Massalongo (1856) with the following note “leg. et detexit Hampe” (it was collected and discovered by Hampe); the envelope of the type material, preserved in the herbarium Massalongo, bears the name “Cyphelium arenarium Hampe”. Massalongo received the “new species” from Hampe, and rightly wanted to attribute its discovery to him. However, Hampe never produced a valid description. Thus, the “real” author is Massalongo, and the taxon can be cited as Cyphelium arenarium Hampe ex A.Massal., or, better, as Cyphelium arenarium A.Massal. The suffix “ex” is also used for the citation of an author who published the name before the starting point of the group concerned. The Code (Greuter et al. 2000) states: “for groups with a starting point later than 1753, when a pre-starting point name was changed in rank or taxonomic position by the first author who validly published it, the name of the pre-starting point author may be added in parentheses, followed by "ex". This - as any law - might be difficult to understand. It just means that “ex” is better omitted when citing a name. The real author is that coming after “ex”. F = non-lichenised fungus. This means that the taxon concerned is not lichenised. In this book no distinction is made between lichenicolous and saprophytic fungi. in (in = in). This means that the taxon was described (or that the combination was made) by Author X in a paper by Author Y. The “in” expression may be useful for taxonomists to trace the souce of a given name, but it does not need to be cited as an integral part of the name. When the description or the combination are recent - or othewise poorly known it makes sense to use the “in” expression for helping people to find the source of the name. In most cases, however, “ex” and what comes before, and "in" and what follows, should be omitted when citing a name. The widespread use of “ex” and “in” by lichenologists should not be endorsed. Otherwise we could get names like: “Licheniella absurda (Tizius, Caj. & Sempr. ex Pinco & Pall. in Fulano & Meng.) Whoev. ex Jem. in Tom, Dick & Harr.”, instead of “L. absurda (Pinco & Pall.) Jem.” nom.illegit. (nomen illegittimum = illegitimate name). A name that has been formally rejected and is no longer available for use. There are several reasons why a name could be illegitimate. The most common one is the existence of an earlier identical, valid name; for example, the name Lecidea elegantior Grummann (a synonym of Trapelia corticola) is illegitimate, because it post-dates “Lecidea elegantior H.Magn. (presently Amygdalaria elegantior (H.Magn.) Hertel & Brodo). nom.nov. (nomen novum = new name). This expression refers to the case in which a new name is coined to replace one which cannot be used because it is illegitimate. Often, the new name is dedicated to the author who coined the illegitimate name; for example, the name Lecidea lyngeana Zahlbr. is a “nom.nov.” replacing Lecidea subauriculata Lynge, which is illegitimate. nom.nud. (nomen nudum = naked name). This is a special case of invalid names, i.e. when the original name was not accompanied by a description. In the past, several nomina nuda were widely adopted by lichenologists. The Code is very liberal as far as the definition of “description” means. For example, the generic name “Placynthiellla Elenkin” was considered as a nomen nudum by some modern lichenologists (e.g. Nimis & Poelt 1987), as it was accompanied by a very vague “description”. However, according to the Code, the mere mention of “thallus white” (also if the thallus were black!) constitutes a valid description. A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms 23 nomen sed non planta (the name, but not the plant). This means that the author of a new combination made it in a formally correct way, but had a different taxon in mind. In this book, this expression is used - regrettably - very seldom, although it is an important one. It should have been adopted in all the numerous cases like that of Toninia caeruleonigricans (see also under auct.). Formally, the name Toninia caeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Th.Fr. is a synonym of Fuscopannaria praetermissa. However, Thorne Fries, when he made the new combination into Toninia, clearly had in mind what we now call Toninia sedifolia. Thus, “Toninia caeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Th.Fr. nomen sed not planta” is a synonym of Fuscopannaria praetermissa, while “Toninia caeruleonigricans sensu Th.Fr.” is a synonym of Toninia sedifolia. It should be added that the name T. coeruleonigricans was used by almost all authors to designate T. sedifolia. An automatic incorporation of this epithet in a database, as a formal synonym of a Fuscopannaria, could obviously be a source of bad mistakes. p.p. (pro parte = in part). This expression, that subsumes a wide array of very different cases, is often used together with the term "auct.", and generally increases the ambiguity of the latter. It means that in the past several authors used the same name for different taxa. An example: the name “Caloplaca (or Blastenia) arenaria”, based on Lichen arenarius Pers., was used by different Italian authors to designate three different species: C. erythrocarpa, C. teicholyta, and the true C. arenaria. Thus, “C. arenaria auct.ital. p.p.” is a “synonym” of both C. teicholyta and C. erythrocarpa, while C. arenaria (Pers.) Müll.Arg. is a different species. It could be added that “Blastenia arenaria (Pers.) A.Massal.” is - formally - a synonym of Caloplaca arenaria, but that Massalongo, when making the new combination, had C. erythrocarpa in mind. Thus: a) “Blastenia arenaria (Pers.) A.Massal. [nomen sed non planta]” is a nomenclatural synonym of C. arenaria, b) “Blastenia arenaria sensu A.Massal. et auct.ital.p.p.” is a “synonym” of Caloplaca erythrocarpa, c) “Blastenia arenaria auct.ital.p.p. [non sensu A.Massal.]” is a “synonym” of C.teicholyta. The example clearly shows that the automatic incorporation of a list of synonyms into a database is problematic. s.str. (sensu stricto = in the strict sense of the name). This expression is used when the synonymy refers to the nomenclatural type of a polymorphic taxon in which several other infrageneric taxa were described. It has been used rather rarely in this Thesaurus (see also “s.lat.”). s.lat. (sensu lato = in the broad sense of the name). This expression is used when the synonymy refers to a polymorphic taxon in which several other infrageneric taxa were described, and when it impossible to assign it to any of them; for example, Massalongo described several taxa which refer to the lichen which is called here “Caloplaca velana”, an extremely polymorphic, certainly heterogeneous “species”, which still needs revision, and in which several infraspecific taxa are also accepted by modern authors (e.g. Clauzade & Roux 1985). However, pending a revision of the entire group, the names derived from the taxa described by Massalongo (e.g. Callopisma aurantiacum v. diffractum, v. leucotis, v. schaererianum, Callopisma ochroleucum v. placidium, Callopisma dalmaticum, etc.) must be considered as synonyms of “Caloplaca velana s.lat.”. sensu X (in the sense of author X). This means that author X used a given name in a way that does not correspond to the nomenclatural type of the taxon concerned. Examples of 24 PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS this case were given before (see auct. and pro parte). The expression “auct.” actually means “sensu auct.” sp. (species = species). Any species within a genus. We have used this expression when there is sufficient evidence that a name refers to a species within a a given genus, while there is no information on what that species could be; for example, it is clear from the description that Lecanora subfusca v. baeomycioides A.Massal. is actually a Lecanora, but - pending the examination of the type - it is impossible to say whether this is a synonym of an already accepted taxon within the genus. ? = This expression is used when a synonymy is probable, but not certain. It is also adopted when we have no idea of what a given name could refer to (e.g. in the case of very poorly known taxa). 26 PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS CHECKLIST Absconditella annexa (Arnold) Vĕzda Acarospora anomala H.Magn. Acarospora badiofusca (Nyl.) Th.Fr. ssp. badiofusca Acarospora badiofusca ssp. badiorubra Clauzade & Cl.Roux Acarospora bullata Anzi Acarospora chrysocardia Poelt & M.Steiner Acarospora cervina A.Massal. Acarospora cinerascens J.Steiner Acarospora epithallina H.Magn. Acarospora freyi H.Magn. Acarospora fuscata (Schrad.) Th.Fr. Acarospora gallica H.Magn. Acarospora glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körb. Acarospora heppii (Nägeli) Körb. Acarospora heufleriana Körb. Acarospora hilaris (Nyl.) Hue Acarospora hospitans H.Magn. Acarospora imbricatula H.Magn. Acarospora impressula Th.Fr. Acarospora insolata H.Magn. Acarospora laqueata Stizenb. Acarospora lavicola J.Steiner Acarospora macrospora (Hepp) Bagl. Acarospora marcii H.Magn. Acarospora microcarpa (Nyl.) Wedd. Acarospora modenensis H.Magn. Acarospora murorum A.Massal. Acarospora nitrophila H.Magn. Acarospora nodulosa (Dufour) Hue v. nodulosa Acarospora nodulosa v. reagens (Zahlbr.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Acarospora oligospora (Nyl.) Arnold Acarospora peliscypha Th.Fr. Acarospora placodiiformis H.Magn. Acarospora pseudofuscata Sipman Acarospora scabra (Pers.) Th.Fr. Acarospora schleicheri (Ach.) A.Massal. Acarospora scotica Hue Acarospora sinopica (Wahlenb.) Körb. Acarospora smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A.Massal. ssp. smaragdula Acarospora smaragdula ssp. lesdainii (A.L.Sm.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Acarospora sphaerospora H.Magn. Acarospora subrufula (Nyl.) H.Olivier Acarospora sulphurata (Arnold) Arnold v. sulphurata Acarospora sulphurata v. rubescens Buschardt Acarospora tominiana H.Magn. Acarospora tongletii (Hue) H.Olivier Acarospora umbilicata Bagl. Acarospora veronensis A.Massal. Acarospora versicolor Bagl. & Carestia Acrocordia cavata (Ach.) R.C.Harris Acrocordia conoidea (Fr.) Körb. Acrocordia gemmata (Ach.) A.Massal. Acrocordia macrospora A.Massal. Acrocordia salweyi (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. Adelolecia kolaensis (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold Adelolecia pilati (Hepp) Hertel & Hafellner Adelolecia rhododendrina (Nyl.) Printzen Agonimia allobata (Stizenb.) P.James Agonimia globulifera Brand & Diederich Agonimia octospora Coppins & P.James Agonimia opuntiella (Poelt & Buschardt) Vĕzda Agonimia tristicula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Ainioa mooreana (Carroll) Lumbsch & I.Schmitt Alectoria nigricans (Ach.) Nyl. Alectoria ochroleuca (Hoffm.) A.Massal. Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. Allantoparmelia alpicola (Th.Fr.) Essl. Allocetraria madreporiformis (Ach.) Kärnefelt & Thell Allocetraria oakesiana (Tuck.) Randlane & Thell Amandinea lecideina (H.Mayrhofer & Poelt) Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. Amygdalaria panaeola (Ach.) Hertel & Brodo Amylora cervinocuprea (Arnold) Rambold Anaptychia bryorum Poelt Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) Körb. Anaptychia crinalis (Schleich.) Vĕzda Anaptychia runcinata (With.) J.R.Laundon Anema decipiens (A.Massal.) Forssell Anema moedligense Zahlbr. Anema nummularium (Durieu & Mont.) Nyl. Anema prodigulum (Nyl.) Henssen Anema suffruticosum P.Moreno & Egea Anisomeridium biforme (Borrer) R.C.Harris Anisomeridium polypori (Ellis & Everh.) M.E.Barr Anthracocarpon virescens (Zahlbr.) Breuss Anzina carneonivea (Anzi) Scheid. v. carneonivea Aphanopsis coenosa (Ach.) Coppins & P.James PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Arctoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Hale Arctoparmelia incurva (Pers.) Hale Arthonia albopulverea Nyl. Arthonia anombrophila Coppins & P.James Arthonia apatetica (A.Massal.) Th.Fr. Arthonia arthonioides (Ach.) A.L.Sm. Arthonia beccariana (Bagl.) Stizenb. Arthonia byssacea (Weigel) Almq. Arthonia caesia (Flot.) Arnold Arthonia caesiella Nyl. Arthonia calabrella Puntillo Arthonia calcicola Nyl. Arthonia cinereopruinosa Schaer. Arthonia cinnabarina (DC.) Wallr. Arthonia clemens (Tul.) Th.Fr./F Arthonia cretacea Zahlbr. Arthonia cytisi A.Massal. Arthonia didyma Körb. Arthonia diploiciae Catalayud & Diederich/F Arthonia dispersa (Schrad.) Nyl. Arthonia elegans (Ach.) Almq. Arthonia endlicheri (Garov.) Oksner Arthonia epiphyscia Nyl./F Arthonia excipienda (Nyl.) Leight./F Arthonia fuliginosa (Turner & Borrer) Flot. Arthonia galactites (DC.) Dufour Arthonia glaucella Nyl. Arthonia glaucomaria (Nyl.) Nyl./F Arthonia granosa de Lesd. Arthonia ilicina Taylor Arthonia intexta Almq./F Arthonia lapidicola (Taylor) Branth & Rostr. Arthonia lepidophila (Anzi) Clauzade, Diederich & Cl.Roux/F Arthonia leucopellaea (Ach.) Almq. Arthonia mediella Nyl. Arthonia medusula (Pers.) Nyl. Arthonia melanophthalma Dufour Arthonia meridionalis Zahlbr. Arthonia molendoi (Frauenf.) R.Sant./F Arthonia muscigena Th.Fr. Arthonia patellulata Nyl. Arthonia peltigerina (Almq.) H.Olivier/F Arthonia phaeophysciae Grube & Matzer/F Arthonia phlyctidicola Vouaux/F Arthonia pinastri Anzi Arthonia pruinata (Pers.) A.L.Sm. Arthonia punctiformis Ach./F Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. Arthonia reniformis (Pers.) Ach. Arthonia spadicea Leight. 26 Arthonia stellaris Kremp. Arthonia subastroidea Anzi Arthonia tenellula Nyl. Arthonia vinosa Leight. Arthonia zwackhii Sandst. Arthopyrenia analepta (Ach.) A.Massal. Arthopyrenia cerasi (Schrad.) A.Massal./F Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa (Schaer.) A.Massal. Arthopyrenia grisea (Schaer.) Körb. Arthopyrenia microspila Körb./F Arthopyrenia platypyrenia (Nyl.) Arnold/F Arthopyrenia pluriseptata (Nyl.) Arnold Arthopyrenia salicis A.Massal. Arthothelium ruanum (A.Massal.) Körb. Arthothelium spectabile A.Massal. Arthrorhaphis alpina (Schaer.) R.Sant. Arthrorhaphis citrinella (Ach.) Poelt Arthrorhaphis grisea Th.Fr. Arthrorhaphis vacillans Th.Fr. Arthrosporum populorum A.Massal. Aspicilia aquatica Körb. Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Malbr.) Arnold Aspicilia calcarea (L.) Mudd Aspicilia calcarea v. reagens (Zahlbr.) Szatala Aspicilia candida (Anzi) Hue Aspicilia cheresina (Müll.Arg.) Hue Aspicilia cheresina v. justii (Servít) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Aspicilia cheresina v. microspora (Arnold) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb. Aspicilia contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. ssp. contorta Aspicilia contorta ssp. hoffmanniana S.Ekman & Fröberg Aspicilia coronata (A.Massal.) Anzi Aspicilia crespiana V.J.Rico Aspicilia cupreoglauca de Lesd. Aspicilia cupreogrisea (Th.Fr.) Hue Aspicilia esculenta (Pall.) Flagey Aspicilia farinosa (Flörke) Arnold Aspicilia gibbosa (Ach.) Körb. Aspicilia glomerulans (Poelt) Poelt Aspicilia grisea Arnold Aspicilia henrici de Lesd. Aspicilia hispida Mereschk. Aspicilia hydrocharis Poelt & Nimis Aspicilia inornata Arnold Aspicilia intermutans (Nyl.) Arnold Aspicilia laevata (Ach.) Arnold Aspicilia laevatoides (H.Magn.) Oksner 27 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Aspicilia lignicola (Anzi) Hue Aspicilia mashiginensis (Zahlbr.) Oksner Aspicilia moenium (Vain.) G.Thor & Timdal Aspicilia polychroma Anzi Aspicilia recedens (Taylor) Arnold Aspicilia simoensis Räsänen Aspicilia supertegens Arnold Aspicilia valpellinensis de Lesd. Aspicilia verruculosa Kremp. Aspicilia viridescens (A.Massal.) Hue Aspilidea myrinii (Fr.) Hafellner Bacidia absistens (Nyl.) Arnold Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Arnold Bacidia auerswaldii (Stizenb.) Mig. Bacidia bagliettoana (A.Massal. & De Not.) Jatta Bacidia beckhausii Körb. Bacidia circumspecta (Vain.) Malme Bacidia colchica Vĕzda Bacidia crozalsiana (H.Olivier) Zahlbr. Bacidia fraxinea Lönnr. Bacidia friesiana (Hepp) Körb. Bacidia fuscoviridis (Anzi) Lettau Bacidia globulosa (Flörke) Hafellner & V.Wirth Bacidia herbarum (Stizenb.) Arnold Bacidia igniarii (Nyl.) Oksner Bacidia incompta (Hook.) Anzi Bacidia laurocerasi (Duby) Zahlbr. Bacidia parathalassica Llop & Gomez-Bolea Bacidia polychroa (Th.Fr.) Körb. Bacidia rosella (Pers.) De Not. Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A.Massal. Bacidia subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold Bacidia trachona (Ach.) Lettau Bacidia vermifera (Nyl.) Th.Fr. Bacidina apiahica (Müll.Arg.) Vĕzda Bacidina arnoldiana (Körb.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda Bacidina assulata (Körb.) S.Ekman Bacidina chloroticula (Nyl.) Vĕzda & Poelt Bacidina delicata (Leight.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda Bacidina egenula (Nyl.) Vĕzda Bacidina inundata (Fr.) Vĕzda Bacidina phacodes (Körb.) Vĕzda Bacidina vasakii (Vĕzda) Vĕzda Bactrospora dryina (Ach.) A.Massal. Bactrospora patellarioides (Nyl.) Almq. v. patellarioides Bactrospora patellarioides v. convexa (de Lesd.) Egea & Torrente Baeomyces carneus Flörke Baeomyces placophyllus Ach. Baeomyces rufus (Huds.) Rebent. Bagliettoa baldensis (A.Massal.) Vĕzda Bagliettoa cazzae (Zahlbr.) Vĕzda & Poelt Bagliettoa limborioides A.Massal. Bagliettoa parmigera (J.Steiner) Vĕzda & Poelt Bagliettoa parmigerella (Zahlbr.) Vĕzda & Poelt Bagliettoa steineri (Kušan) Vĕzda Bellemerea alpina (Sommerf.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Bellemerea diamarta (Ach.) Hafellner & Cl.Roux Bellemerea subcandida (Arnold) Hafellner & Cl.Roux Bellemerea subsorediza (Lynge) R.Sant. Belonia caudata (Vĕzda & Vivant) M.Jørg. & Vĕzda Belonia incarnata Th.Fr. Belonia russula Nyl. Biatora chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen Biatora efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen Biatora flavopunctata (Tønsberg) Hinteregger & Printzen Biatora helvola Hellb. Biatora leprosula Arnold Biatora mendax Anzi Biatora ocelliformis (Nyl.) Arnold Biatora pontica Printzen & Tønsberg Biatora porphyrospoda Anzi Biatora rufidula (Graewe) S.Ekman & Printzen Biatora sphaeroidiza (Vain.) Printzen & Holien Biatora subduplex (Nyl.) Printzen Biatora subgilva (Arnold) Hinteregger Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr. Biatorella fossarum (Fr.) Th.Fr. Biatorella germanica Körb. Biatorella hemisphaerica Anzi Biatorella microhaema Norman Biatorella ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold Biatoridium monasteriense Körb Blastodesmia nitida A.Massal. Brodoa atrofusca (Schaer.) Goward Brodoa intestiniformis (Vill.) Goward Bryodina rhypariza (Nyl.) Hafellner & Türk Bryonora castanea (Hepp) Poelt Bryonora curvescens (Mudd) Poelt Bryoria bicolor (Ehrh.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. Bryoria chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. Bryoria fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. Bryoria furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. Bryoria fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. Bryoria implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. Bryoria lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Bryoria nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. Bryoria simplicior (Vain.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. Bryoria smithii (Du Rietz) Brodo & D.Hawksw. Buellia aethalea (Ach.) Th.Fr. Buellia arnoldii Servít Buellia asterella Poelt & Sulzer Buellia atrocinerella (Nyl.) Scheid. Buellia badia (Fr.) A.Massal. Buellia caldesiana Bagl. Buellia chloroleuca Körb. Buellia concinna Th.Fr. Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd Buellia dispersa A.Massal. Buellia elegans Poelt Buellia epigaea (Pers.) Tuck. Buellia erubescens Arnold Buellia fimbriata (Tuck.) Sheard Buellia fusca (Anzi) Kernst. Buellia geophila (Sommerf.) Lynge Buellia griseosquamulata Scheid. Buellia griseovirens (Sm.) Almb. Buellia hyperbolica Bagl. Buellia hypophana (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Buellia iberica Giralt & Llimona Buellia imshaugii Hafellner Buellia insignis (Hepp) Th.Fr. Buellia jugorum (Arnold) Arnold Buellia leptocline (Flot.) A.Massal. Buellia leptoclinoides (Nyl.) J.Steiner Buellia leptolepis Bagl. & Carestia Buellia longispora Scheid. Buellia miriquidica Scheid. Buellia ocellata (Flot.) Körb. Buellia papillata (Sommerf.) Tuck. Buellia reagens H.Magn. Buellia sardiniensis J.Steiner Buellia saxorum A.Massal. Buellia schaereri De Not. Buellia sequax (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Buellia spuria (Schaer.) Anzi Buellia stellulata (Taylor) Mudd Buellia subdisciformis (Leight.) Vain. Buellia subsquamosa J.Steiner Buellia tirolensis Körb. Buellia triseptata A.Nordin Buellia uberior Anzi Buellia vilis Th.Fr. Bunodophoron melanocarpum (Sw.) Wedin Byssoloma croceum Sérus. & Puntillo 28 Byssoloma kakouettae (Sérus.) R.Lücking & Sérus. Byssoloma leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain. Byssoloma marginatum (Arnold) Sérus. Byssoloma subdiscordans (Nyl.) P.James Calicium abietinum Pers. Calicium adspersum Pers. Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach. Calicium glaucellum Ach. Calicium lenticulare Ach. Calicium montanum Tibell Calicium quercinum Pers. Calicium salicinum Pers. Calicium trabinellum (Ach.) Ach. Calicium viride Pers. Caloplaca adelphoparasitica Nimis & Poelt Caloplaca adriatica (Zahlbr.) Servít Caloplaca aegatica Giralt, Nimis & Poelt Caloplaca aegea Sipman Caloplaca agardhiana (A.Massal.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Caloplaca albolutescens (Nyl.) H.Olivier Caloplaca alnetorum Giralt, Nimis & Poelt Caloplaca ammiospila (Wahlenb.) H.Olivier Caloplaca aractina (Fr.) Häyrén Caloplaca arenaria (Pers.) Müll.Arg. Caloplaca arnoldii (Wedd.) Zahlbr. Caloplaca assigena (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Caloplaca athroocarpa (Anzi) Jatta Caloplaca atroflava (Turner) Mong. Caloplaca aurantia (Pers.) Hellb. Caloplaca aurea (Schaer.) Zahlbr. Caloplaca australis (Arnold) Zahlbr. Caloplaca biatorina (A.Massal.) J.Steiner Caloplaca bryochrysion Poelt Caloplaca cacuminum Poelt Caloplaca calcitrapa Nav.-Ros., Gaya & Cl.Roux Caloplaca canariensis (Follmann & Poelt) Breuss Caloplaca carphinea (Fr.) Jatta Caloplaca cerina (Hedw.) Th.Fr. Caloplaca cerina v. muscorum (A.Massal.) Jatta Caloplaca cerinella (Nyl.) Flagey Caloplaca cerinelloides (Erichsen) Poelt Caloplaca cerinoides (Anzi) Jatta Caloplaca chalybaea (Fr.) Müll.Arg. Caloplaca chanousiae Sambo Caloplaca chlorina (Flot.) H.Olivier Caloplaca chrysodeta (Räsänen) Dombr. Caloplaca chrysophthalma Degel. 29 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Caloplaca circumalbata v. candida (Stizenb.) Wunder Caloplaca cirrochroa (Ach.) Th.Fr. Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. Caloplaca coccinea (Müll.Arg.) Poelt Caloplaca conciliascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Caloplaca congrediens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Caloplaca conversa (Kremp.) Jatta Caloplaca coronata (Körb.) J.Steiner Caloplaca crenularia (With.) J.R.Laundon Caloplaca crenulatella (Nyl.) H.Olivier Caloplaca cretensis (Zahlbr.) Wunder Caloplaca decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forssell Caloplaca demissa (Körb.) Arup & Grube Caloplaca diphyodes (Nyl.) Jatta Caloplaca epithallina Lynge Caloplaca erodens Tretiach & Pinna Caloplaca erythrocarpa (Pers.) Zwackh Caloplaca exsecuta (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Caloplaca ferrarii (Bagl.) Jatta Caloplaca ferruginea (Huds.) Th.Fr. Caloplaca festivella (Nyl.) Kieff. Caloplaca flavescens (Huds.) J.R.Laundon Caloplaca flavocitrina (Nyl.) H.Olivier Caloplaca flavocitrina (Nyl.) H.Olivier Caloplaca flavorubescens (Huds.) J.R.Laundon Caloplaca flavorubescens (Huds.) J.R.Laundon v. quercina (Flagey) Giralt, Nimis & Poelt Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Caloplaca fulvolutea (Nyl.) Jatta Caloplaca furax Egea & Llimona Caloplaca fuscoatroides J.Steiner Caloplaca glomerata Arup Caloplaca granulosa (Müll.Arg.) Jatta Caloplaca grimmiae (Nyl.) H.Olivier Caloplaca gyalolechioides (Müll.Arg.) Caloplaca haematites (St.-Amans) Zwackh Caloplaca havaasii H.Magn. Caloplaca herbidella (Hue) H.Magn. Caloplaca holocarpa (Ach.) A.E.Wade Caloplaca hungarica H.Magn. Caloplaca inconnexa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Caloplaca inconnexa v. nesodes Poelt & Nimis Caloplaca insularis Poelt Caloplaca interfulgens (Nyl.) J.Steiner Caloplaca interna Poelt & Nimis Caloplaca irrubescens (Arnold) Zahlbr. Caloplaca jungermanniae (Vahl) Th.Fr. Caloplaca lactea (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. Caloplaca ligustica de Lesd. Caloplaca limitosa (Nyl.) H.Olivier Caloplaca limonia Nimis & Poelt Caloplaca littorea Tav. Caloplaca livida (Hepp) Jatta Caloplaca lobulata (Flörke) Hellb. Caloplaca lucifuga G.Thor Caloplaca luteoalba (Turner) Th.Fr. Caloplaca macrocarpa (Anzi) Zahlbr. Caloplaca marina (Wedd.) du Rietz Caloplaca marmorata (Bagl.) Jatta Caloplaca microphyllina (Tuck.) Hasse Caloplaca microthallina (Wedd.) Zahlbr. Caloplaca navasiana Nav.-Ros. & Cl.Roux Caloplaca necator Clauzade & Poelt Caloplaca nivalis (Körb.) Th.Fr. Caloplaca oasis (A.Massal.) Szatala Caloplaca obliterans (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell Caloplaca obscurella (Körb.) Th.Fr. Caloplaca ochracea (Schaer.) Flagey Caloplaca oleicola (Steiner) Van den Boom & Breuss Caloplaca ora Poelt & Nimis Caloplaca oxfordensis Hedr. Caloplaca pellodella (Nyl.) Hasse Caloplaca percrocata (Arnold) J.Steiner Caloplaca pollinii (A.Massal.) Jatta Caloplaca polycarpa (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. Caloplaca proteus Poelt Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th.Fr. Caloplaca rinodinae-albae Poelt & Nimis Caloplaca rubelliana (Ach.) Lojka Caloplaca rubroaurantiaca de Lesd. Caloplaca sarda Poelt & Nimis Caloplaca saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin Caloplaca saxifragarum Poelt Caloplaca scotoplaca (Nyl.) H.Magn. Caloplaca scrobiculata H.Magn. Caloplaca sinapisperma (Lam. & DC.) Maheu & A.Gillet Caloplaca sorocarpa (Vain.) Zahlbr. Caloplaca spalatensis Zahlbr. Caloplaca stillicidiorum (Vahl.) Lynge Caloplaca subochracea (Wedd.) Werner Caloplaca tavaresiana Nav.-Ros. & Cl.Roux Caloplaca teicholyta (Ach.) J.Steiner Caloplaca tenuata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Caloplaca tetraspora (Nyl.) H.Olivier Caloplaca thallincola (Wedd.) Du Rietz Caloplaca thamnoblasta Nimis & Poelt Caloplaca tiroliensis Zahlbr. Caloplaca ulcerosa Coppins & P.James PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Caloplaca variabilis (Pers.) Müll.Arg. Caloplaca velana (A.Massal.) Du Rietz Caloplaca velana v. schaereri (Arnold) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Caloplaca veneris Cl.Roux & Nav.-Ros. Caloplaca virescens (Sm.) Coppins Caloplaca xantholyta (Nyl.) Jatta Caloplaca xerica Poelt & Vĕzda Calvitimela aglaea (Sommerf.) Hafellner Calvitimela armeniaca (DC.) Hafellner Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. Candelariella coralliza (Nyl.) H.Magn. Candelariella efflorescens auct. eur. Candelariella faginea Nimis, Poelt & Puntillo Candelariella kuusamoensis Räsänen Candelariella lutella (Vain.) Räsänen Candelariella medians (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. Candelariella plumbea Poelt & Vĕzda Candelariella reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau Candelariella subdeflexa (Nyl.) Lettau Candelariella superdistans (Nyl.) Malme Candelariella unilocularis (Elenkin) Nimis Candelariella viae-lacteae G.Thor & V.Wirth Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll.Arg. Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau Canoparmelia crozalsiana (de Lesd.) Elix & Hale Carbonea aggregantula (Müll.Arg.) Diederich & Triebel/F Carbonea assimilis (Körb.) Hafellner & Hertel Carbonea atronivea (Arnold) Hertel Carbonea distans (Kremp.) Hafellner & Obermayer Carbonea halacsyi (J.Steiner) Hafellner & Sancho/F Carbonea intrusa (Th.Fr.) Rambold & Triebel Carbonea latypizoides (Nyl.) Knoph & Rambold Carbonea supersparsa (Nyl.) Hertel/F Carbonea vitellinaria (Nyl.) Hertel/F Carbonea vorticosa (Flörke) Hertel Catapyrenium cinereum (Pers.) Körb. Catapyrenium daedaleum (Kremp.) Stein Catapyrenium psoromoides (Borrer) R.Sant. Catillaria alba Coppins & Vĕzda Catillaria atomarioides (Müll.Arg.) H.Kilias Catillaria chalybeia (Borrer) A.Massal. v. chalybeia Catillaria chalybeia v. chloropoliza (Nyl.) H.Kilias Catillaria contristans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Catillaria detractula (Nyl.) H.Olivier 30 Catillaria erysiboides (Nyl.) Th.Fr. Catillaria lenticularis (Ach.) Th.Fr. Catillaria mediterranea Hafellner/F Catillaria minuta (A.Massal.) Lettau Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler Catillaria picila (A.Massal.) Coppins Catillaria praedicta Tretiach & Hafellner Catinaria atropurpurea (Schaer.) Vĕzda & Poelt Catinaria neuschildii (Körb.) P.James Catolechia wahlenbergii (Ach.) Körb. Cecidonia umbonella (Nyl.) Triebel & Rambold/F Cecidonia xenophana (Körb.) Triebel & Rambold/F Celothelium ischnobelum (Nyl.) M.B.Aguirre Cephalophysis leucospila (Anzi) H.Kilias & Scheid. Cetraria aculeata (Schreb.) Fr. Cetraria crespoae (Barreno & Vázquez) Kärnefelt Cetraria ericetorum Opiz Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. Cetraria muricata (Ach.) Eckfeldt Cetraria obtusata (Schaer.) Van den Boom & Sipman Cetraria sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. Cetrelia cetrarioides (Duby) W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. Cetrelia chicitae (W.L.Culb.) W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. Chaenotheca brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Chaenotheca chlorella (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Ach.) Th.Fr. Chaenotheca cinerea (Pers.) Tibell Chaenotheca ferruginea (Sm.) Mig. Chaenotheca furfuracea (L.) Tibell Chaenotheca gracilenta (Ach.) J.E.Mattsson & Middleborg Chaenotheca hispidula (Ach.) Zahlbr. Chaenotheca laevigata Nádv. Chaenotheca phaeocephala (Turner) Th.Fr. Chaenotheca stemonea (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Chaenotheca trichialis (Ach.) Th.Fr. Chaenotheca xyloxena Nádv. Chaenothecopsis consociata (Nádv.) A.F.W.Schmidt/F Chaenothecopsis debilis (Sm.) Tibell/F Chaenothecopsis epithallina Tibell/F Chaenothecopsis hospitans (Th.Fr.) Tibell/F 31 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Chaenothecopsis nana Tibell/F Chaenothecopsis ochroleuca (Körb.) Tibell & Ryman/F Chaenothecopsis parasitaster (Bagl. & Carestia) D.Hawksw./F Chaenothecopsis pusilla (Ach.) A.F.W.Schmidt/F Chaenothecopsis pusiola (Ach.) Vain./F Chaenothecopsis subparoica (Nyl.) Tibell/F Chaenothecopsis vainioana (Nádv.) Tibell/F Chaenothecopsis viridireagens (Nádv.) A.F.W.Schmidt/F Chromatochlamys muscorum (Fr.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt v. muscorum Chromatochlamys muscorum v. octospora (Nyl.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J.R.Laundon Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) J.R.Laundon Chrysothrix flavovirens Tønsberg Cladonia acuminata (Ach.) Norrl. Cladonia amaurocraea (Flörke) Schaer. Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. s. lat. Cladonia arbuscula ssp. mitis (Sandst.) Ruoss Cladonia arbuscula ssp. squarrosa (Wallr.) Ruoss Cladonia bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaer. Cladonia borbonica Nyl. Cladonia borealis S.Stenroos Cladonia botrytes (K.G.Hagen) Willd. Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke Cladonia cariosa (Ach.) Spreng. Cladonia carneola (Fr.) Fr. Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. Cladonia cervicornis (Ach.) Flot. ssp. cervicornis Cladonia cervicornis ssp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti Cladonia ciliata Stirt. Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd. Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. Cladonia convoluta (Lam.) Anders Cladonia cornuta (L.) Hoffm. Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Flot. Cladonia cryptochlorophaea Asahina Cladonia cyanipes (Sommerf.) Nyl. Cladonia cyathomorpha Walt.Watson Cladonia decorticata (Flörke) Spreng. Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm. Cladonia digitata (L.) Hoffm. Cladonia dimorpha S.Hammer Cladonia diversa Asperges Cladonia ecmocyna Leight. Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. Cladonia firma (Nyl.) Nyl. Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd. Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. Cladonia glauca Flörke Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd. Cladonia grayi Sandst. Cladonia humilis (With.) J.R.Laundon Cladonia incrassata Flörke Cladonia macilenta Hoffm. ssp. macilenta Cladonia macilenta ssp. floerkeana (Fr.) V.Wirth Cladonia macroceras (Delise) Hav. Cladonia macrophylla (Schaer.) Stenh. Cladonia macrophyllodes Nyl. Cladonia mediterranea P.A.Duvign. & Abbayes Cladonia merochlorophaea Asahina Cladonia norvegica Tønsberg & Holien Cladonia parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm. Cladonia perlomera Kristinsson Cladonia peziziformis (With.) J.R.Laundon Cladonia phyllophora Hoffm. Cladonia pleurota (Flörke) Schaer. Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) O.J.Rich. Cladonia polycarpoides Nyl. Cladonia polydactyla (Flörke) Spreng. Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coem. Cladonia prolifica Ahti & S.Hammer Cladonia pseudopityrea Vain. Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. Cladonia ramulosa (With.) J.R.Laundon Cladonia rangiferina (L.) F.H.Wigg. Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. Cladonia rei Schaer. Cladonia scabriuscula (Delise) Leight. Cladonia squamosa Hoffm. v. squamosa Cladonia squamosa v. subsquamosa (Leight.) Vain. Cladonia stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vĕzda Cladonia strepsilis (Ach.) Grognot Cladonia stygia (Fr.) Ruoss Cladonia subcervicornis (Vain.) Kernst. Cladonia subrangiformis Sandst. Cladonia subulata (L.) F.H.Wigg. Cladonia sulphurina (Michx.) Fr. Cladonia symphycarpia (Flörke) Fr. Cladonia turgida Hoffm. Cladonia uncialis (L.) F.H.Wigg. ssp. uncialis Cladonia uncialis ssp. biuncialis (Hoffm.) M.Choisy Clauzadea chondrodes (A.Massal.) Hafellner & Türk Clauzadea immersa (Weber) Hafellner & Bellem. Clauzadea metzleri (Körb.) D.Hawksw. PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Clauzadea monticola (Schaer.) Hafellner & Bellem. Clauzadeana macula (Taylor) Coppins & Rambold Clavascidium umbrinum (Breuss) Breuss Cliostomum corrugatum (Ach.: Fr.) Fr. Cliostomum griffithii (Sm.) Coppins Collema auriforme (With.) Coppins & J.R.Laundon Collema bachmanianum (Fink) Degel. Collema callopismum A.Massal. Collema ceraniscum Nyl. Collema coccophorum Tuck. Collema conglomeratum Hoffm. Collema crispum (Huds.) F.H.Wigg. Collema cristatum (L.) F.H.Wigg. Collema curtisporum Degel. Collema euthallinum (Zahlbr.) Degel. Collema fasciculare (L.) F.H.Wigg. Collema flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. Collema fragile Taylor Collema fragrans (Sm.) Ach. Collema furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz Collema furfureolum Müll.Arg. Collema fuscovirens (With.) J.R.Laundon Collema glebulentum (Cromb.) Degel. Collema italicum de Lesd. Collema latzelii Zahlbr. Collema leptogioides Anzi Collema ligerinum (Hy) Harm. Collema limosum (Ach.) Ach. Collema multipartitum Sm. Collema multipunctatum Degel. Collema nigrescens (Huds.) DC. Collema occultatum Bagl. Collema parvum Degel. Collema polycarpon Hoffm. ssp. polycarpon Collema polycarpon ssp. corcyrense (Arnold) Pisút Collema ryssoleum (Tuck.) A.Schneider Collema subflaccidum Degel. Collema subnigrescens Degel. Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. Collema undulatum Flot. Cornicularia normoerica (Gunnerus) Du Rietz Cresponea premnea (Ach.) Egea & Torrente Cresporhaphis wienkampii (Hazsl.) B.M.Aguirre Cryptolechia carneolutea (Turner) A.Massal. Cyphelium inquinans (Sm.) Trevis. Cyphelium karelicum (Vain.) Räsänen Cyphelium lecideinum (Nyl.) Trevis. 32 Cyphelium lucidum (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. Cyphelium marcianum de Lesd. Cyphelium notarisii (Tul.) Blomb. & Forssell Cyphelium pinicola Tibell Cyphelium sessile (Pers.) Trevis./F Cyphelium tigillare (Ach.) Ach. Cyrtidula quercus (A.Massal.) Minks/F Cystocoleus ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites Dacampia engeliana (Saut.) A.Massal./F Dacampia hookeri (Borrer) A.Massal. Dactylina ramulosa (Hook.) Tuck. Degelia atlantica (Degel.) M.Jørg. & P.James Degelia plumbea (Lightf.) M.Jørg. & P.James Dendriscocaulon umhausense (Auersw.) Degel. Dermatocarpon arnoldiadum Degel. Dermatocarpon intestiniforme (Körb.) Hasse Dermatocarpon leptophylloides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Dermatocarpon luridum (With.) J.R.Laundon v. luridum Dermatocarpon luridum v. decipiens (A.Massal.) H.Riedl Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum Vain. Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W.Mann Dermatocarpon moulinsii (Mont.) Zahlbr. Dermatocarpon rivulorum (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Dibaeis baeomyces (L. fil.) Rambold & Hertel Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman Dimerella lutea (Dicks.) Trevis. Dimerella pineti (Ach.) Vĕzda Dimerella tavaresiana Vĕzda Diploicia canescens (Dicks.) A.Massal. Diploicia subcanescens (Werner) Hafellner & Poelt Diploschistes actinostomus (Ach.) Zahlbr. Diploschistes caesioplumbeus (Nyl.) Vain. Diploschistes candidissimus (Kremp.) Zahlbr. Diploschistes diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch Diploschistes euganeus (A.Massal.) J.Steiner Diploschistes gypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr. Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R.Sant. Diploschistes ocellatus (Vill.) Norman Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman Diplotomma alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flot. Diplotomma chlorophaeum (Leight.) Szatala Diplotomma epipolium auct. non (Ach.) Arnold Diplotomma murorum (A.Massal.) Coppins Diplotomma nivale (Bagl. & Carestia) Hafellner Diplotomma populorum A.Massal. Diplotomma pulverulentum (Anzi) D.Hawksw. 33 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Diplotomma scheideggerianum (Bricaud & Cl.Roux) Nimis Diplotomma triphragmioides (Anzi) Szatala Diplotomma venustum (Körb.) Körb. Dirina ceratoniae (Ach.) Fr. Dirina cretacea (Zahlbr.) Tehler Dirina cyclosora Poelt & Nimis Dirina massiliensis Durieu & Mont. Dirina massiliensis f. aponina (A.Massal.) Tehler Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata (Müll.Arg.) Tehler Dirina stenhammari (Fr.) Poelt & Follmann Eiglera flavida (Hepp) Hafellner Eiglera homalomorpha (Nyl.) Hafellner & Türk Elixia flexella (Ach.) Lumbsch Encephalographa elisae A.Massal. Endocarpon adscendens (Anzi) Müll.Arg. Endocarpon latzelianum Servít Endocarpon pallidum Ach. Endocarpon psorodeum (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell Endocarpon pulvinatum Th.Fr. Endocarpon pusillum Hedw. Endocarpon schisticola de Lesd. Enterographa crassa (DC.) Fée Enterographa elaborata (Leight.) Coppins & P.James Enterographa hutchinsiae (Leight.) A.Massal. Enterographa zaborskiana (M.Choisy & Werner) Egea & Torrente Enterographa zonata (Körb.) Källsten Eopyrenula leucoplaca (Wallr.) R.C.Harris Ephebe lanata (L.) Vain. Ephebe perspinulosa Nyl. Epigloea bactrospora Zukal/F Epigloea grummannii Döbbeler/F Epigloea medioincrassata (Grummann) Döbbeler/F Epigloea soleiformis Döbbeler/F Epilichen scabrosus (Ach.) Clem. Epiphloea terrena (Nyl.) Trevis. Euopsis pulvinata (Schaer.) Vain. Evernia divaricata (L.) Ach. Evernia illyrica (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr. Evernia mesomorpha Nyl. Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. Farnoldia dissipabilis (Nyl.) Hertel Farnoldia hypocrita (A.Massal.) Fröberg Farnoldia jurana (Schaer.) Hertel ssp. jurana Farnoldia jurana ssp. bicincta (Hertel) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Farnoldia jurana ssp. muverani (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner & Türk Farnoldia micropsis (A.Massal.) Hertel Farnoldia muscigena (Vĕzda) Tretiach & Hafellner Farnoldia similigena (Nyl.) Hertel Fellhanera bouteillei (Desm.) Vĕzda Fellhanera christiansenii Sérus. & Vĕzda Fellhanera subtilis (Vĕzda) Diederich & Sérus. Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola (Erichsen) Sérus. & Coppins Fellhaneropsis Vĕzdae (Coppins & P.James) Sérus. & Coppins Flavocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & Thell Flavocetraria nivalis (L.) Kärnefelt & Thell Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale Flavoparmelia soredians (Nyl.) Hale Flavopunctelia flaventior (Stirt.) Hale Flavopunctelia soredica (Nyl.) Hale Frutidella caesioatra (Schaer.) Kalb Fulgensia bracteata (Hoffm.) Räsänen ssp. bracteata Fulgensia bracteata ssp. deformis (Erichsen) Poelt Fulgensia desertorum (Tomin) Poelt Fulgensia fulgens (Sw.) Elenkin Fulgensia fulgida (Nyl.) Szatala Fulgensia poeltii Llimona Fulgensia pruinosa (Körb.) Poelt Fulgensia schistidii (Anzi) Poelt Fulgensia subbracteata (Nyl.) Poelt Fuscidea austera (Nyl.) P.James Fuscidea cyathoides (Ach.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda Fuscidea fagicola (Zschacke) Hafellner & Türk Fuscidea kochiana (Hepp) V.Wirth & Vĕzda Fuscidea lygaea (Ach.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda Fuscidea mollis (Wahlenb.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda Fuscidea praeruptorum (Du Rietz & H.Magn.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda Fuscidea recensa (Stirt.) Hertel, V.Wirth & Vĕzda Fuscidea stiriaca (A.Massal.) Hafellner Fuscopannaria ignobilis (Anzi) M.Jørg. Fuscopannaria leucophaea (Vahl) M.Jørg. Fuscopannaria leucosticta (Tuck.) M.Jørg. Fuscopannaria mediterranea (Tav.) M.Jørg. Fuscopannaria olivacea (M.Jørg.) M.Jørg. Fuscopannaria praetermissa (Nyl.) M.Jørg. Fuscopannaria sampaiana (Tav.) M.Jørg. Fuscopannaria saubinetii (Mont.) M.Jørg. PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Gloeoheppia turgida (Ach.) Gyeln. Glyphopeltis ligustica (de Lesd.) Timdal Gomphillus calycioides (Duby) Nyl. Graphina anguina (Mont.) Müll.Arg. Graphis elegans (Sm.) Ach. Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. Gyalecta derivata (Nyl.) H.Olivier Gyalecta flotowii Körb. Gyalecta foveolaris (Ach.) Schaer. Gyalecta friesii Körb. Gyalecta geoica (Ach.) Ach. Gyalecta hypoleuca (Ach.) Zahlbr. Gyalecta jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr. Gyalecta kukriensis (Räsänen) Räsänen Gyalecta leucaspis (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. Gyalecta liguriensis (Vĕzda) Vĕzda Gyalecta luetkemuelleri Zahlbr. Gyalecta peziza (Mont.) Anzi Gyalecta sbarbari Vĕzda Gyalecta subclausa Anzi Gyalecta thelotremella Bagl. Gyalecta truncigena (Ach.) Hepp Gyalecta ulmi (Sw.) Zahlbr. Gyalectidium caucasicum (Elenkin & Woron.) Vĕzda Gyalectidium minus Sérus. Gyalectidium puntilloi Sérus. Gyalectidium setiferum Vĕzda & Sérus. Gyalidea diaphana (Nyl.) Vĕzda Gyalidea lecideopsis (A.Massal.) Lettau Gyalidea phyllophila Vĕzda Gyalidea roseola (Arnold) Lettau Gyalidea scutellaris (Bagl. & Carestia) Lettau Gyalideopsis alnicola Noble & Vĕzda Gyalideopsis anastomosans P.James & Vĕzda Gyalideopsis athalloides (Nyl.) Vĕzda Gyalideopsis calabrica Puntillo & Vĕzda Haematomma ochroleucum (Neck.) J.R.Laundon v. ochroleucum Haematomma ochroleucum v. porphyrium (Pers.) J.R.Laundon Halecania alpivaga (Th.Fr.) M.Mayrhofer Halecania elaeiza (Nyl.) M.Mayrhofer Halecania lecanorina (Anzi) M.Mayrhofer & Poelt Halecania spodomela (Nyl.) M.Mayrhofer Harpidium rutilans (Flot.) Körb. Helocarpon pulverulum (Th.Fr.) Türk & Hafellner Henrica ramulosa de Lesd. Heppia adglutinata (Kremp.) A.Massal. 34 Heppia despreauxii (Mont.) Tuck. Heppia lutosa (Ach.) Nyl. Heppia solorinoides (Nyl.) Nyl. Heterodermia leucomelos (L.) Poelt Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis. Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) Trevis. Heteroplacidium contumescens (Nyl.) Breuss Heteroplacidium divisum (Zahlbr.) Breuss Heteroplacidium imbricatum (Nyl.) Breuss Hymenelia coerulea (DC.) A.Massal. Hymenelia cyanocarpa (Anzi) Lutzoni Hymenelia epulotica (Ach.) Lutzoni Hymenelia heteromorpha (Kremp.) Lutzoni Hymenelia melanocarpa (Kremp.) Arnold Hymenelia ochrolemma (Vain.) Gowan & Ahti Hymenelia prevostii (Duby) Kremp. Hymenelia similis (A.Massal.) M.Choisy Hyperphyscia adglutinata (Flörke) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Hypocenomyce caradocensis (Nyl.) P.James & Gotth.Schneid. Hypocenomyce castaneocinerea (Räsänen) Timdal Hypocenomyce friesii (Ach.) P.James & Gotth.Schneid. Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) M.Choisy Hypogymnia austerodes (Nyl.) Räsänen Hypogymnia bitteri (Lynge) Ahti Hypogymnia farinacea Zopf Hypogymnia laminisorediata D.Hawksw. & Poelt Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. Hypogymnia vittata (Ach.) Parrique Hypotrachyna laevigata (Sm.) Hale Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flörke) Hale Hypotrachyna sinuosa (Sm.) Hale Hypotrachyna taylorensis (Mitch.) Hale Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. Immersaria athroocarpa (Ach.) Rambold & Pietschm. Immersaria cupreoatra (Nyl.) Calatayud & Rambold Immersaria uzbekica (Hertel) Barbero, Nav.-Ros & Cl.Roux Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S L.F.Meyer Ingaderia troglodytica Feige & Lumbsch Ingvariella bispora (Bagl.) Guderley & Lumbsch Involucropyrenium sbarbaronis (Servít) Breuss Involucropyrenium tremniacense (A.Massal.) Breuss Involucropyrenium waltheri (Kremp.) Breuss 35 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Ionaspis ceracea (Arnold) Hafellner & Türk Ionaspis chrysophana (Körb.) Stein Ionaspis lacustris (With.) Lutzoni Ionaspis odora (Schaer.) Stein Japewia tornoënsis (Nyl.) Tønsberg Japewiella tavaresiana (Coppins & P.James) Printzen Julella fallaciosa (Arnold) R.C.Harris/F Julella lactea (A.Massal.) M.E.Barr/F Julella myrticola (de Lesd.) M.E.Barr/F Julella sericea (A.Massal.) Coppins/F Koerberia biformis A.Massal. Koerberia sonomensis (Tuck.) Henssen Koerberiella wimmeriana (Körb.) Stein Lasallia brigantium (Zschacke) Llano Lasallia hispanica (Frey) Sancho & A.Crespo Lasallia pustulata (L.) Mérat Lecanactis abietina (Ach.) Körb. Lecanactis dilleniana (Ach.) Körb. Lecanactis latebrarum (Ach.) Arnold Lecania aipospila (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. Lecania atrynoides M.Knowles Lecania cuprea (A.Massal.) Van den Boom & Coppins Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th.Fr. Lecania cyrtellina (Nyl.) Sandst. Lecania erysibe (Ach.) Mudd Lecania flavescens Lynge Lecania fuscella (Schaer.) A.Massal. Lecania hutchinsiae (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. Lecania inundata (Körb.) M.Mayrhofer Lecania koerberiana J.Lahm Lecania naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & Van den Boom Lecania nylanderiana A.Massal. Lecania olivacella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Lecania polycycla (Anzi) Lettau Lecania pusilla Tretiach Lecania rabenhorstii (Hepp) Arnold Lecania spadicea (Flot.) Zahlbr. Lecania suavis (Müll.Arg.) Mig. Lecania subfuscula (Nyl.) S.Ekman Lecania sylvestris (Arnold) Arnold Lecania sylvestris v. umbratica (Arnold) M.Mayrhofer Lecania turicensis (Hepp) Müll.Arg. Lecanographa amylacea (Pers.) Egea & Torrente Lecanographa farinosa (Hepp) Egea & Torrente Lecanographa grumulosa (Dufour) Egea & Torrente/F Lecanographa lyncea (Sm.) Egea & Torrente Lecanographa werneri (Faurel, Ozenda & Schotter) Egea & Torrente Lecanora achariana A.L.Sm. Lecanora admontensis Zahlbr. Lecanora agardhiana Ach. ssp. agardhiana Lecanora agardhiana ssp. catalaunica Clauzade & Cl.Roux Lecanora agardhiana ssp. sapaudica Clauzade & Cl.Roux Lecanora aitema (Ach.) Hepp Lecanora albella (Pers.) Ach. Lecanora albellula Nyl. Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Branth & Rostr. Lecanora albula (Nyl.) Hue Lecanora allophana f. sorediata (Vain.) Schaer. Lecanora allophana Nyl. Lecanora anopta Nyl. Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme Lecanora argopholis (Ach.) Ach. Lecanora bandolensis de Lesd. Lecanora bicincta Ramond v. bicincta Lecanora bicincta v. sorediata (Flot.) Leuckert & Poelt Lecanora bolcana (Pollini) Poelt Lecanora boligera (Th.Fr.) Hedl. Lecanora bryopsora (Doppelb. & Poelt) Hafellner & Türk Lecanora cadubriae (A.Massal.) Hedl. Lecanora caesiosora Poelt Lecanora campestris (Schaer.) Hue Lecanora carpinea (L.) Vain. Lecanora cavicola Creveld Lecanora cenisia Ach. Lecanora chlarotera Nyl. Lecanora cinereofusca H.Magn. Lecanora circumborealis Brodo & Vitik. Lecanora concolor Ramond Lecanora conferta (Fr.) Grognot Lecanora confusa Almb. Lecanora congesta Clauzade & Vĕzda Lecanora conizaeoides Cromb. Lecanora contractula Nyl. Lecanora crenulata Hook. Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf. Lecanora dispersoareolata (Schaer.) Lamy Lecanora epanora (Ach.) Ach. Lecanora epibryon (Ach.) Ach. Lecanora expallens Ach. Lecanora farinaria Borrer Lecanora flotowiana Spreng. PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Lecanora formosa (Bagl. & Carestia) Knoph & Leuckert Lecanora frustulosa (Dicks.) Ach. Lecanora fugiens Nyl. Lecanora fuscescens (Sommerf.) Nyl. Lecanora gangaleoides Nyl. Lecanora garovaglii (Körb.) Zahlbr. Lecanora gisleri (Arnold) Arnold Lecanora glabrata (Ach.) Malme Lecanora graeca J.Steiner Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach. Lecanora hagenii v. fallax Hepp Lecanora handelii J.Steiner Lecanora horiza (Ach.) Linds. Lecanora hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo Lecanora hypopta (Ach.) Vain. Lecanora hypoptoides (Nyl.) Nyl. Lecanora impudens Degel. Lecanora intricata (Ach.) Ach. Lecanora intumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh. Lecanora laatokkaensis (Räsänen) Poelt Lecanora lecideoides (Nyl.) Harm. Lecanora leptacina Sommerf. Lecanora leptyrodes (Nyl.) Degel. Lecanora leuckertiana Zedda Lecanora lisbonensis Samp. Lecanora lividocinerea Bagl. Lecanora lojkaeana Szatala Lecanora macrocyclos (H.Magn.) Degel. Lecanora marginata (Schaer.) Hertel & Rambold Lecanora meridionalis H.Magn. Lecanora mughicola Nyl. Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. Lecanora muralis ssp. dubyi (Müll.Arg.) Poelt Lecanora muralis v. subcartilaginea Poelt Lecanora ochroidea (Ach.) Nyl. Lecanora orbicularis (Schaer.) Vain. Lecanora orosthea (Ach.) Ach. Lecanora paepalea Ach. Lecanora pannonica Szatala Lecanora paramerae Martinez, Aragón & Lumbsch Lecanora perpruinosa Fröberg Lecanora persimilis (Th.Fr.) Nyl. Lecanora poeltiana Clauzade & Cl.Roux Lecanora polytropa (Hoffm.) Rabenh. v. polytropa Lecanora polytropa v. alpigena (Ach.) Schaer. Lecanora populicola (DC.) Duby Lecanora praepostera Nyl. Lecanora prominens Clauzade & Vĕzda Lecanora pruinosa Chaub. Lecanora pseudistera Nyl. Lecanora pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. Lecanora puniceofusca Bagl. Lecanora quercicola Coppins & P.James Lecanora reagens Norman Lecanora reuteri Schaer. Lecanora rhizinata Poelt, Barreno & V.J.Rico Lecanora rhodii Szatala Lecanora rubicunda Bagl. Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. ssp. rupicola v. rupicola Lecanora rupicola ssp. rupicola v. efflorens Leuckert & Poelt Lecanora rupicola ssp. subplanata (Nyl.) Leuckert & Poelt Lecanora rupicola ssp. sulphurata (Ach.) Leuckert & Poelt Lecanora salicicola H.Magn. Lecanora saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbr. Lecanora salina H.Magn. Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. Lecanora sarcopidoides (A.Massal.) A.L.Sm. Lecanora sarcopis (Ach.) Ach. Lecanora silvae-nigrae V.Wirth Lecanora soralifera (Suza) Räsänen Lecanora strobilina (Spreng.) Kieff. Lecanora subaurea Zahlbr. Lecanora subcarnea (Lilj.) Ach. Lecanora subcarpinea Szatala Lecanora subintricata (Nyl.) Th.Fr. Lecanora sulphurea (Hoffm.) Ach. Lecanora swartzii (Ach.) Ach. ssp. swartzii Lecanora swartzii ssp. nuorensis Leuckert & Poelt Lecanora swartzii ssp. nylanderi (Räsänen) Leuckert & Poelt Lecanora symmicta (Ach.) Ach. Lecanora thysanophora R.C.Harris Lecanora umbrina (Ach.) A.Massal. Lecanora umbrosa Degel. Lecanora valesiaca (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb. Lecanora varia (Hoffm.) Ach. Lecanora variolascens Nyl. Lecanora vinetorum Poelt & Huneck Lecanora xanthostoma Cl.Roux & Fröberg Lecidea aemulans (Arnold) Britzelm. Lecidea albofuscescens Nyl. Lecidea albohyalina (Nyl.) Th.Fr. Lecidea alpestris Sommerf. Lecidea antiloga Stirt. 36 37 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Lecidea atrobrunnea (Lam. & DC.) Schaer. Lecidea auriculata ssp. brachyspora Th.Fr. Lecidea auriculata Th.Fr. Lecidea botryosa (Fr.) Th.Fr. Lecidea cerviniicola de Lesd. Lecidea commaculans Nyl. Lecidea confluens (Weber) Ach. Lecidea confluentula Müll.Arg. Lecidea confluescens Nyl. Lecidea diducens Nyl. Lecidea doliiformis Coppins & P.James Lecidea ecrustacea (Arnold) Arnold Lecidea erythrophaea Sommerf. Lecidea exigua Chaub. Lecidea fuliginosa Taylor Lecidea fuscoatra (L.) Ach. Lecidea haerjedalica H.Magn. Lecidea infirmata Arnold Lecidea lapicida (Ach.) Ach. v. lapicida Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina Ach. Lecidea leprosolimbata (Arnold) Poelt Lecidea leucothallina Arnold Lecidea lithophila (Ach.) Ach. Lecidea luteoatra Nyl. Lecidea miscella Ach. Lecidea nylanderi (Anzi) Th.Fr. Lecidea obluridata Nyl. Lecidea paratropoides Müll.Arg. Lecidea plana (J.Lahm) Nyl. Lecidea praenubila Nyl. Lecidea promiscens Nyl. Lecidea promiscua Nyl. Lecidea pullata (Norman) Th.Fr. Lecidea rapax Hertel Lecidea rhododendri (Hepp) Zahlbr. Lecidea rufofusca (Anzi) Nyl. Lecidea sarcogynoides Körb. Lecidea silacea Ach. Lecidea speirodes Nyl. Lecidea swartzioidea Nyl. Lecidea symmictella Nyl. Lecidea tessellata Flörke Lecidea tessellata v. caesia (Anzi) Arnold Lecidea turgidula Fr. Lecidea umbonata (Hepp) Mudd Lecidea verruca Poelt Lecidea xylophila Th.Fr. Lecidella anomaloides (A.Massal.) Hertel & H.Kilias Lecidella asema (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel Lecidella asema v. elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Lecidella carpathica Körb. Lecidella effugiens (Nilson) Knoph & Hertel Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M.Choisy Lecidella elaeochroma f. soralifera (Erichsen) D.Hawksw. Lecidella flavosorediata (Vĕzda) Hertel & Leuckert Lecidella granulosula (Nyl.) Knoph & Leuckert Lecidella juniperina (Poelt & Nimis) Lecidella laureri (Hepp) Körb. Lecidella patavina (A.Massal.) Knoph & Leuckert Lecidella pulveracea (Schaer.) P.Syd. Lecidella scabra (Taylor) Hertel & Leuckert Lecidella stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert Lecidella umbrosa (A.Massal.) Hertel Lecidella viridans (Flot.) Körb. Lecidella vorax Leuckert & Poelt Lecidella wulfenii (Hepp) Körb. Lecidoma demissum (Rutstr.) Gotth.Schneid. & Hertel Lemmopsis arnoldiana (Hepp) Zahlbr. Lempholemma botryosum (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. Lempholemma chalazanum (Ach.) de Lesd. Lempholemma elveloideum (Ach.) Zahlbr. Lempholemma intricatum (Arnold) Zahlbr. Lempholemma polyanthes (Bernh.) Malme Lepraria cacuminum (A.Massal.) Loht. Lepraria caesioalba (de Lesd.) J.R.Laundon Lepraria eburnea J.R.Laundon Lepraria flavescens Clauzade & Cl.Roux Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. Lepraria jackii Tønsberg Lepraria lesdainii (Hue) R.C.Harris Lepraria lobificans Nyl. Lepraria neglecta (Nyl.) Lettau Lepraria nivalis J.R.Laundon Lepraria nylanderiana Kümmerl. & Leuckert Lepraria rigidula (de Lesd.) Tønsberg Lepraria umbricola Tønsberg Leprocaulon microscopicum (Vill.) Gams Leproloma diffusum J.R.Laundon Leproloma membranaceum (Dicks.) Vain. Leproloma vouauxii (Hue) J.R.Laundon Leptochidium albociliatum (Desm.) M.Choisy Leptogium biatorinum (Nyl.) Leight. Leptogium brebissonii Mont. Leptogium burnetiae C.W.Dodge Leptogium byssinum (Hoffm.) Nyl. Leptogium cochleatum (Dicks.) M.Jørg. & P.James PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Leptogium coralloideum (Meyen & Flot.) Vain. Leptogium corniculatum (Hoffm.) Minks Leptogium corticola (Taylor) Tuck. Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körb. Leptogium diffractum Körb. Leptogium furfuraceum (Harm.) Sierk Leptogium gelatinosum (With.) J.R.Laundon Leptogium hildenbrandii (Garov.) Nyl. Leptogium imbricatum M.Jørg. Leptogium intermedium (Arnold) Arnold Leptogium lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. Leptogium magnussonii Degel. & M.Jørg. Leptogium massiliense Nyl. Leptogium plicatile (Ach.) Leight. Leptogium saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl. Leptogium schraderi (Bernh.) Nyl. Leptogium subtile (Schrad.) Torss. Leptogium tenuissimum (Dicks.) Körb. Leptogium teretiusculum (Wallr.) Arnold Leptorhaphis amygdali (A.Massal.) Zwackh/F Leptorhaphis atomaria (Ach.) Szatala/F Leptorhaphis epidermidis (Ach.) Th.Fr./F Leptorhaphis maggiana (A.Massal.) Körb./F Leptorhaphis oleae (A.Massal.) Körb./F Leptorhaphis parameca (A.Massal.) Körb./F Letharia vulpina (L.) Hue Lethariella intricata (Moris) Krog Leucocarpia biatorella (Arnold) Vĕzda Lichenothelia macrocarpa Henssen/F Lichenothelia metzleri (J.Lahm) D.Hawksw./F Lichenothelia scopularia (Nyl.) D.Hawksw./F Lichina confinis (O.F.Müll.) C.Agardh Lichinella cribellifera (Nyl.) P.Moreno & Egea Lichinella heppii (Müll.Arg.) Lichinella jodopulchra (Croz.) P.Moreno & Egea Lichinella nigritella (Lettau) P.Moreno & Egea Lichinella robusta Henssen Lichinella stipatula Nyl. Lithographa tesserata (DC.) Nyl. Lithothelium triseptatum (Nyl.) Aptroot Lobaria amplissima (Scop.) Forssell Lobaria linita (Ach.) Rabenh. Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Lobaria virens (With.) J.R.Laundon Lobarina scrobiculata (Scop.) Nyl Lobothallia alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Hafellner Lobothallia melanaspis (Ach.) Hafellner Lobothallia parasitica (de Lesd.) Lobothallia praeradiosa (Nyl.) Hafellner Lobothallia radiosa (Hoffm.) Hafellner Lopadium disciforme (Flot.) Kullh. 38 Lopadium pezizoideum (Ach.) Körb. Loxospora cismonica (Beltr.) Hafellner Loxospora elatina (Ach.) A.Massal. Maronea constans (Nyl.) Hepp Massalongia carnosa (Dicks.) Körb. Megalaria grossa (Nyl.) Hafellner Megalaria laureri (Th.Fr.) Hafellner Megalaria pulverea (Borrer) Hafellner & E.Schreiner Megalospora pachycarpa (Duby) H.Olivier Megaspora verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V.Wirth v. verrucosa Megaspora verrucosa v. mutabilis (Ach.) Nimis & Cl.Roux Melanelia commixta (Nyl.) Thell Melanelia disjuncta (Erichsen) Essl. Melanelia elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl. Melanelia exasperata (De Not.) Essl. Melanelia exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl. Melanelia fuliginosa (Duby) Essl. ssp. fuliginosa Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula (Lamy) Melanelia glabra (Schaer.) Essl. Melanelia hepatizon (Ach.) Thell Melanelia infumata (Nyl.) Essl. Melanelia laciniatula (H.Olivier) Essl. Melanelia olivacea (L.) Essl. Melanelia panniformis (Nyl.) Essl. Melanelia sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti Melanelia stygia (L.) Essl. Melanelia subargentifera (Nyl.) Essl. Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. Melanelia tominii (Oksner) Essl. Melanolecia transitoria (Arnold) Hertel Melaspilea bagliettoana Zahlbr. Melaspilea canariensis D.Hawksw./F Melaspilea gibberulosa (Ach.) Zwackh/F Melaspilea ochrothalamia Nyl. Melaspilea poetarum (De Not. & Bagl.) Nyl. Melaspilea proximella Nyl./F Melaspilea rhododendri (Arnaud & Rehm) Almq./F Melaspilea urceolata (Fr.) Almb. Menegazzia terebrata (Hoffm.) A.Massal. Micarea adnata Coppins Micarea bauschiana (Körb.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda Micarea botryoides (Nyl.) Coppins Micarea cinerea (Schaer.) Hedl. Micarea contexta Hedl. Micarea denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. Micarea elachista (Körb.) Coppins & R.Sant. 39 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Micarea erratica (Körb.) Hertel, Rambold & Pietschm Micarea globulosella (Nyl.) Coppins Micarea inquinans (Tul.) Coppins Micarea lignaria (Ach.) Hedl. v. lignaria Micarea lignaria v. endoleuca (Leight.) Coppins Micarea lutulata (Nyl.) Coppins Micarea melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. Micarea melaenida (Nyl.) Coppins Micarea misella (Nyl.) Hedl. Micarea nitschkeana (Rabenh.) Harm. Micarea peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R.Sant. Micarea prasina Fr. Micarea sylvicola (Flot.) Vĕzda & V.Wirth Micarea tuberculata (Sommerf.) R.A.Anderson Micarea turfosa (A.Massal.) Du Rietz Micarea viridileprosa Coppins & Van den Boom Microcalicium ahlneri Tibell/F Microcalicium arenarium (A.Massal.) Tibell/F Microcalicium disseminatum (Ach.) Vain./F Miriquidica atrofulva (Sommerf.) A.J.Schwab & Rambold Miriquidica complanata (Körb.) Hertel & Rambold f. complanata Miriquidica complanata f. sorediata Owe-Larsson & Rambold Miriquidica deusta (Stenh.) Hertel & Rambold Miriquidica garovaglii (Schaer.) Hertel & Rambold Miriquidica griseoatra (Flot.) Hertel & Rambold Miriquidica instrata (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold Miriquidica intrudens (H.Magn.) Hertel & Rambold Miriquidica leucophaea (Rabenh.) Hertel & Rambold Miriquidica limitata Hertel & Rambold Miriquidica nigroleprosa (Vain.) Hertel & Rambold Miriquidica nigroleprosa v. liljenstroemii (Du Rietz) Owe-Larsson & Rambold Miriquidica pulvinatula (Arnold) Hertel & Rambold Moelleropsis nebulosa (Hoffm.) Gyeln. Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H.Petersen Mycobilimbia berengeriana (A.Massal.) Hafellner & V.Wirth Mycobilimbia epixanthoides (Nyl.) Hafellner & Türk Mycobilimbia fissuriseda (Poelt) Poelt & Hafellner Mycobilimbia hypnorum (Lib.) Kalb & Hafellner Mycobilimbia lurida (Ach.) Hafellner & Türk Mycobilimbia pilularis (Körb.) Hafellner & Türk Mycobilimbia sanguineoatra auct. Mycobilimbia tetramera (De Not.) Hafellner & Türk Mycoblastus affinis (Schaer.) T.Schauer Mycoblastus fucatus (Stirt.) Zahlbr. Mycoblastus sanguinarius (L.) Norman Mycocalicium subtile (Pers.) Szatala/F Mycomicrothelia confusa D.Hawksw./F Mycomicrothelia macularis (A.Massal.) Keissl./F Mycomicrothelia melanospora (Hepp) D.Hawksw./F Mycoporum antecellens (Nyl.) R.C.Harris/F Myxobilimbia accedens (Arnold) Hafellner Myxobilimbia lobulata (Sommerf.) Hafellner Myxobilimbia microcarpa (Th.Fr.) Hafellner Myxobilimbia sabuletorum (Schreb.) Hafellner Naetrocymbe fraxini (A.Massal.) R.C.Harris/F Naetrocymbe punctiformis (Pers.) R.C.Harris/F Naetrocymbe rhododendri (Arnold) /F Naetrocymbe rhyponta (Ach.) R.C.Harris/F Naetrocymbe saxicola (A.Massal.) R.C.Harris Neocatapyrenium radicescens (Nyl.) Breuss Neofuscelia delisei (Duby) Essl. Neofuscelia glabrans (Nyl.) Essl. Neofuscelia loxodes (Nyl.) Essl. Neofuscelia luteonotata (J.Steiner) Essl. Neofuscelia pulla (Ach.) Essl. s.lat. Neofuscelia verruculifera (Nyl.) Essl. Nephroma bellum (Spreng.) Tuck. Nephroma expallidum (Nyl.) Nyl. Nephroma helveticum Ach. Nephroma laevigatum Ach. Nephroma parile (Ach.) Ach. Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach. Nephroma tangeriense (Maheu & A.Gillet) Zahlbr. Nigropuncta rugulosa D.Hawksw./F Normandina pulchella (Borrer) Nyl. Ochrolechia alboflavescens (Wulfen) Zahlbr. Ochrolechia androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold Ochrolechia arborea (Kreyer) Almb. Ochrolechia balcanica Verseghy Ochrolechia crozalsiana Clauzade & Vĕzda Ochrolechia dalmatica (Erichsen) Boqueras Ochrolechia frigida (Sw.) Lynge Ochrolechia inaequatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Ochrolechia microstictoides Räsänen Ochrolechia pallescens (L.) A.Massal. Ochrolechia parella (L.) A.Massal. PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Ochrolechia subviridis (Høeg) Erichsen Ochrolechia szatalaensis Verseghy Ochrolechia tartarea (L.) A.Massal. Ochrolechia turneri (Sm.) Hasselrot Ochrolechia upsaliensis (L.) A.Massal. Omphalina alpina (Britzelm.) Bresinsky & Stangl Omphalina ericetorum (Fr.) H.E.Bigelow Omphalina hudsoniana (H.S.Jenn.) H.E.Bigelow Omphalina meridionalis Contu & La Rocca Omphalina velutina (Quél.) Quél. Opegrapha atra Pers. Opegrapha calcarea Sm. Opegrapha celtidicola (Jatta) Jatta Opegrapha conferta Anzi Opegrapha corticola Coppins & P.James Opegrapha culmigena Lib. Opegrapha dolomitica (Arnold) Torrente & Egea Opegrapha durieui Mont. Opegrapha glaucomaria (Nyl.) Källsten/F Opegrapha gyrocarpa Flot. Opegrapha lithyrga Ach. Opegrapha lutulenta Nyl. Opegrapha mougeotii A.Massal. Opegrapha multipuncta Coppins & P.James Opegrapha niveoatra (Borrer) J.R.Laundon Opegrapha ochrocheila Nyl. Opegrapha ochrocincta Werner Opegrapha pertusariicola Coppins & P.James/F Opegrapha physciaria (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. & Coppins/F Opegrapha pulvinata Rehm/F Opegrapha rufescens Pers. Opegrapha rupestris Pers. Opegrapha subelevata (Nyl.) Nyl. Opegrapha varia Pers. Opegrapha variaeformis Anzi Opegrapha vermicellifera (Kunze) J.R.Laundon Opegrapha viridis (Ach.) Behlen & Desberger Opegrapha vulgata Ach. Ophioparma rubricosum (Müll.Arg.) S.Ekman Ophioparma ventosum (L.) Norman Orphniospora moriopsis (A.Massal.) D.Hawksw. Orphniospora mosigii (Körb.) Hertel & Rambold Pachyphiale arbuti (Bagl.) Arnold Pachyphiale carneola (Ach.) Arnold Pachyphiale fagicola (Hepp) Zwackh Pannaria conoplea (Ach.) Bory Pannaria hookeri (Sm.) Nyl. Pannaria rubiginosa (Ach.) Bory Pannaria tavaresii M.Jørg. Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach. 40 Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. Parmelia submontana Hale Parmelia sulcata Taylor Parmeliella jamesii Ahlner & M.Jørg. Parmeliella testacea M.Jørg. Parmeliella triptophylla (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Parmelina pastillifera (Harm.) Hale Parmelina quercina (Willd.) Hale Parmelina tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale Parmelinopsis horrescens (Taylor) Elix & Hale Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. Parmeliopsis hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold Parmotrema arnoldii (Du Rietz) Hale Parmotrema chinense (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) M.Choisy Parmotrema hypoleucinum (J.Steiner) Hale Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) M.Choisy Parmotrema robustum (Degel.) Hale Parmotrema stuppeum (Taylor) Hale Paulia glomerata Henssen & Tretiach Peccania coralloides (A.Massal.) A.Massal. Peccania tiruncula (Nyl.) Henssen Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. Peltigera collina (Ach.) Schrad. Peltigera degenii Gyeln. Peltigera didactyla (With.) J.R.Laundon Peltigera elisabethae Gyeln. Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. Peltigera hymenina (Ach.) Delise Peltigera kristinssonii Vitik. Peltigera lepidophora (Vain.) Bitter Peltigera leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln. Peltigera malacea (Ach.) Funck Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. Peltigera monticola Vitik. Peltigera neckeri Müll.Arg. Peltigera neopolydactyla (Gyeln.) Gyeln. Peltigera polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm. Peltigera ponojensis Gyeln. Peltigera praetextata (Sommerf.) Zopf Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb. Peltigera scabrosa Th.Fr. Peltigera venosa (L.) Hoffm. Peltula euploca (Ach.) Poelt Peltula obscurans (Nyl.) Gyeln. Peltula omphaliza (Nyl.) Wetmore Peltula patellata (Bagl.) Swinscow & Krog Peltula placodizans (Zahlbr.) Wetmore Peltula rodriguesii (Cromb.) Büdel Pertusaria albescens (Huds.) M.Choisy & Werner 41 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Pertusaria alpina H.E.Ahles Pertusaria amara (Ach.) Nyl. Pertusaria amara v. flotowiana (Flörke) Erichsen Pertusaria amarescens Nyl. Pertusaria apennina A.Massal. Pertusaria aspergilla (Ach.) J.R.Laundon Pertusaria bryontha (Ach.) Nyl. Pertusaria caesioalba (Flot.) Nyl. Pertusaria carneopallida (Nyl.) Anzi Pertusaria chiodectonoides A.Massal. Pertusaria coccodes (Ach.) Nyl. Pertusaria constricta Erichsen Pertusaria corallina (L.) Arnold Pertusaria coronata (Ach.) Th.Fr. Pertusaria digrediens Nyl. Pertusaria erumpens Erichsen Pertusaria excludens Nyl. Pertusaria flavicans Lamy Pertusaria flavida (DC.) J.R.Laundon Pertusaria geminipara (Th.Fr.) Brodo Pertusaria glomerata (Ach.) Schaer. Pertusaria graeca Erichsen Pertusaria hemisphaerica (Flörke) Erichsen Pertusaria heterochroa (Müll.Arg.) Erichsen Pertusaria hymenea (Ach.) Schaer. Pertusaria jurana Erichsen Pertusaria lactea (L.) Arnold Pertusaria leioplaca DC. Pertusaria mammosa Harm. Pertusaria melanochlora (DC.) Nyl. Pertusaria microstictica (Sm.) Erichsen Pertusaria monogona Nyl. Pertusaria multipuncta (Turner) Nyl. Pertusaria oculata (Dicks.) Th.Fr. Pertusaria ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Nyl. Pertusaria pertusa (Weigel) Tuck. Pertusaria pertusa v. rupestris (DC.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Pertusaria pluripuncta Nyl. Pertusaria pupillaris (Nyl.) Th.Fr. Pertusaria pustulata (Ach.) Duby Pertusaria rhodiensis Erichsen Pertusaria rupicola (Fr.) Harm. Pertusaria schaereri Hafellner Pertusaria slesvicensis Erichsen Pertusaria sommerfeltii (Sommerf.) Fr. Pertusaria stenhammarii Hellb. Pertusaria trachythallina Erichsen Pertusaria velata (Turner) Nyl. Petractis clausa (Hoffm.) Kremp. Phaeocalicium compressulum (Vain.) .F.W.Schmidt/F Phaeocalicium mildeanum (Hepp) Puntillo/F Phaeocalicium populneum (Duby) A.F.W. Schmidt/F Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Phaeographis inusta (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Phaeographis smithii (Leight.) de Lesd. Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi (Nádv.) Essl. Phaeophyscia chloantha (Ach.) Moberg Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg Phaeophyscia constipata (Norrl. & Nyl.) Moberg Phaeophyscia endococcina (Körb.) Moberg Phaeophyscia endophoenicea (Harm.) Moberg Phaeophyscia hirsuta (Mereschk.) Essl. Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Essl. Phaeophyscia insignis (Mereschk.) Moberg Phaeophyscia kairamoi (Vain.) Moberg Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flörke) Moberg Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg Phaeophyscia poeltii (Frey) Nimis Phaeophyscia pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. Phaeophyscia sciastra (Ach.) Moberg Phaeorrhiza nimbosa (Fr.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Phlyctis agelaea (Ach.) Flot. Phlyctis argena (Spreng.) Flot. Phylliscum demangeonii (Moug. & Mont.) Nyl. Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H.Olivier Physcia aipolia (Humb.) Fürnrh. Physcia albinea (Ach.) Nyl. Physcia biziana (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. v. biziana Physcia biziana v. leptophylla Vĕzda Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr. v. caesia Physcia caesia v. caesiella (de Lesd.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Physcia caesia v. rhaetica Frey Physcia clementei (Turner) Maas Geest. Physcia dimidiata (Arnold) Nyl. Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau Physcia erumpens Moberg Physcia leptalea (Ach.) DC. Physcia magnussonii Frey Physcia phaea (Tuck.) J.W.Thomson Physcia scopulorum (Lambinon & Vĕzda) Poelt & Nimis Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. Physcia tribacoides Nyl. Physcia vitii Nádv. Physconia detersa (Nyl.) Poelt PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Physconia distorta (With.) J.R.Laundon Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt Physconia grisea (Lam.) Poelt ssp. grisea Physconia grisea ssp. algeriensis (Flagey) Poelt Physconia grisea ssp. lilacina (Arnold) Poelt Physconia muscigena (Ach.) Poelt v. muscigena Physconia muscigena v. bayeri (Nádv.) Poelt Physconia perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg Physconia petraea (Poelt) Vĕzda & Poelt Physconia servitii (Nádv.) Poelt Physconia subpulverulenta (Szatala) Poelt v. atlantica Poelt Physconia subpulverulenta (Szatala) Poelt v. subpulverulenta Physconia venusta (Ach.) Poelt Pilophorus cereolus (Ach.) Th. Fr Placidiopsis cinerascens (Nyl.) Breuss Placidiopsis custnani (A.Massal.) Körb. Placidiopsis dermatocarpoides Anzi Placidiopsis pseudocinerea Breuss Placidiopsis tenella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Placidiopsis tiroliensis Breuss Placidium adami-borosi Szatala Placidium boccanum (Servít) Breuss Placidium imbecillum (Breuss) Breuss Placidium lachneum (Ach.) de Lesd. Placidium lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss Placidium michelii A.Massal. Placidium pilosellum (Breuss) Breuss Placidium rufescens (Ach.) A.Massal. Placidium semaforonense Breuss Placidium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss Placidium tenellum (Breuss) Breuss Placocarpus schaereri (Fr.) Breuss Placolecis opaca (Fr.) Hafellner Placopsis gelida (L.) Linds. Placopyrenium bucekii (Nádv. & Servít) Breuss Placopyrenium trachyticum (Hazsl.) Breuss Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) Coppins & P.James Placynthiella oligotropha (J.R.Laundon) Coppins & P.James Placynthiella uliginosa (Schrad.) Coppins & P.James Placynthium asperellum (Ach.) Trevis. Placynthium dolichoterum (Nyl.) Trevis. Placynthium filiforme (Garov.) M.Choisy Placynthium flabellosum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Placynthium garovaglii (A.Massal.) Malme Placynthium hungaricum Gyeln. Placynthium lismorense (Cromb.) Vain. Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) Gray 42 Placynthium rosulans (Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. Placynthium subradiatum (Nyl.) Arnold Placynthium tantaleum (Hepp) Hue Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. Pleopsidium chlorophanum (Wahlenb.) Zopf Pleopsidium flavum (Bellardi) Körb. Pleurosticta acetabulum (Neck.) Elix & Lumbsch Poeltinula cacuminum (Asta, Clauzade & Cl.Roux) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Poeltinula cerebrina (DC.) Hafellner Polyblastia albida Arnold Polyblastia ardesiaca (Bagl. & Carestia) Zschacke Polyblastia cinerea (A.Massal.) Jatta Polyblastia clandestina (Arnold) Jatta Polyblastia cruenta (Körb.) P.James & Swinscow Polyblastia cupularis A.Massal. Polyblastia deminuta Arnold Polyblastia deplanata Arnold Polyblastia dermatodes A.Massal. Polyblastia evanescens Arnold Polyblastia forana (Anzi) Arnold Polyblastia fuscoargillacea Anzi Polyblastia helvetica Th.Fr. Polyblastia intermedia Th.Fr. Polyblastia melaspora (Taylor) Zahlbr. Polyblastia nidulans (Stenh.) Arnold Polyblastia plicata (A.Massal.) Lönnr. Polyblastia quinqueseptata (Arnold) Zschacke Polyblastia rouxiana Vĕzda & Vivant Polyblastia sendtneri Kremp. Polyblastia sepulta A.Massal. Polyblastia tarvesedis (Anzi) Bagl. & Carestia Polyblastia terrestris Th.Fr. Polyblastia theleodes (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. Polyblastia ventosa Arnold Polyblastia verrucosa (Ach.) Lönnr. Polychidium muscicola (Sw.) Gray Polysporina cyclocarpa (Anzi) Vĕzda Polysporina ferruginea (Lettau) M.Steiner Polysporina lapponica (Schaer.) Degel. Polysporina pusilla (Anzi) Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vĕzda Polysporina urceolata (Anzi) Brodo Porina aenea (Wallr.) Zahlbr. Porina ahlesiana (Körb.) Zahlbr. Porina austriaca (Körb.) Arnold Porina borreri (Trevis.) D.Hawksw. & P.James Porina byssophila (Hepp) Zahlbr. Porina chlorotica (Ach.) Müll.Arg. Porina coralloidea P.James 43 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Porina curnowii A.L.Sm./F Porina ginzbergeri Zahlbr. Porina guentheri (Flot.) Zahlbr. Porina hibernica P.James & Swinscow Porina hoehneliana (Jaap) R.Sant. Porina lectissima (Fr.) Zahlbr. Porina leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) A.L.Sm. Porina leptosperma Müll.Arg. Porina linearis (Leight.) Zahlbr. Porina mammillosa (Th.Fr.) Vain. Porina oleriana (A.Massal.) Lettau v. oleriana Porina oleriana v. provincialis Clauzade & Cl.Roux Porina oxneri R.Sant. Porocyphus coccodes (Flot.) Körb. Porocyphus rehmicus (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. Porpidia albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph Porpidia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph Porpidia contraponenda (Arnold) Knoph & Hertel Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph Porpidia flavicunda (Ach.) Gowan Porpidia glaucophaea (Körb.) Hertel & Knoph Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab Porpidia platycarpoides (Bagl.) Hertel Porpidia soredizoides (Nyl.) J.R.Laundon Porpidia speirea (Ach.) Kremp. Porpidia superba (Körb.) Hertel & Knoph Porpidia trullisata (Kremp.) Körb. Porpidia tuberculosa (Sm.) Hertel & Knoph Porpidia zeoroides (Anzi) Knoph & Hertel Protoblastenia aurata Poelt & Vĕzda Protoblastenia calva (Dicks.) Zahlbr. Protoblastenia cyclospora (Körb.) Poelt Protoblastenia incrustans (DC.) J.Steiner v. incrustans Protoblastenia incrustans v. coniasis (A.Massal.) Nimis Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) J.Steiner Protoblastenia siebenhaariana (Körb.) J.Steiner Protoblastenia terricola (Anzi) Lynge Protomicarea limosa (Ach.) Hafellner Protopannaria pezizoides (Weber) M.Jørg. & S.Ekman Protoparmelia atriseda (Fr.) R.Sant. & V.Wirth Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner Protoparmelia cupreobadia (Nyl.) Poelt Protoparmelia leproloma (R.Sant.) Rambold & Poelt Protoparmelia memnonia Hafellner & Türk Protoparmelia montagnei (Fr.) Poelt & Nimis Protoparmelia ochrococca (Nyl.) M.Jørg., Rambold & Hertel Protoparmelia oleaginea (Harm.) Coppins Protoparmelia phaeonesos Poelt Protoparmelia placentiformis (J.Steiner) Poelt Protoparmelia psarophana (Nyl.) Sancho & A.Crespo Protothelenella corrosa (Körb.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Protothelenella croceae (Bagl. & Carestia) Hafellner & H.Mayrhofer/F Protothelenella leucothelia (Nyl.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella (Nyl.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Protothelenella sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Pseudephebe minuscula (Arnold) Brodo & D.Hawksw. Pseudephebe pubescens (L.) M.Choisy Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf v. furfuracea Pseudevernia furfuracea v. ceratea (Ach.) D.Hawksw. Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vain. Pseudopannaria marcii (de Lesd.) Zahlbr. Psilolechia leprosa Coppins & Purvis Psilolechia lucida (Ach.) M.Choisy Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm. Psora globifera (Ach.) A.Massal. Psora gresinonis de Lesd. Psora rubiformis (Ach.) Hook. Psora saviczii (Tomin) Follmann & A.Crespo Psora testacea Hoffm Psora vallesiaca (Schaer.) Timdal Psorinia conglomerata (Ach.) Gotth.Schneid. Psoroglaena stigonemoides (Orange) Henssen Psoroma hypnorum (Vahl) Gray Psorotichia allobrogensis Hue Psorotichia diffracta (Nyl.) Forssell Psorotichia frustulosa Anzi Psorotichia murorum A.Massal. Psorotichia obtenebrans (Nyl.) Forssell Psorotichia schaereri (A.Massal.) Arnold Psorula rufonigra (Tuck.) Gotth.Schneid. Pterygiopsis affinis (A.Massal.) Henssen Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog Punctelia perreticulata (Räsänen) G. Wilh. & Ladd Punctelia stictica (Duby) Krog Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Punctelia ulophylla (Ach.) van Herk & Aptroot Pycnora praestabilis (Nyl.) Hafellner Pycnora sorophora (Vain.) Hafellner Pycnothelia papillaria (Ehrh.) Dufour Pyrenocollema caesium (Nyl.) R.C.Harris Pyrenocollema halodytes (Nyl.) R.C.Harris Pyrenocollema strontianense (Swinscow) R.C.Harris Pyrenopsis micrococca (Born. & Nyl.) Forssell Pyrenopsis sanguinea Anzi Pyrenopsis subareolata Nyl. Pyrenopsis triptococca Nyl. Pyrenula chlorospila Arnold Pyrenula coryli A.Massal./F Pyrenula laevigata (Pers.) Arnold Pyrenula macrospora (Degel.) Coppins & P.James Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. Pyrenula nitidella (Schaer.) Müll.Arg. Pyrenula occidentalis (R.C.Harris) R.C.Harris Pyrgidium montellicum (Beltr.) Tibell Pyrrhospora cinnabarina (Sommerf.) M.Choisy Pyrrhospora elabens (Fr.) Hafellner Pyrrhospora lusitanica (Räsänen) Hafellner Pyrrhospora quernea (Dicks.) Körb. Pyxine sorediata (Ach.) Mont. Pyxine subcinerea Stirt. Raciborskiella minor Vĕzda Racodium rupestre Pers. Ramalina aff. tingitana Nyl. Ramalina bourgeana Nyl. Ramalina breviuscula Nyl. Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. Ramalina canariensis J.Steiner Ramalina capitata (Ach.) Nyl. v. capitata Ramalina capitata v. digitellata (Nyl.) Nimis Ramalina capitata v. protecta (H.Magn.) Nimis Ramalina clementeana Llimona & Werner Ramalina cuspidata Nyl. Ramalina dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm. Ramalina elegans (Bagl. & Carestia) Jatta Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. Ramalina implectens Nyl. Ramalina implexa (Nyl.) Krog Ramalina lacera (With.) J.R.Laundon Ramalina lusitanica H.Magn. Ramalina maciformis (Delile) Bory Ramalina obtusata (Arnold) Bitter Ramalina panizzei De Not. Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. Ramalina polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach. Ramalina pusilla Duby Ramalina requienii (De Not.) Jatta Ramalina roesleri (Schaer.) Hue Ramalina rosacea (A.Massal.) Hepp Ramalina siliquosa (Huds.) A.L.Sm. Ramalina sinensis Jatta Ramalina subfarinacea (Cromb.) Nyl. Ramalina subgeniculata Nyl. Ramalina thrausta (Ach.) Nyl. Ramboldia insidiosa (Th.Fr.) Hafellner Ramboldia petraeoides (C.Bab. & Mitten) Kantvilas & Elix Ramonia calcicola Canals & Gómez-Bolea Ramonia chrysophaea (Pers.) Vĕzda Ramonia luteola Vĕzda Requienella lichenopsis (A.Massal.) Boise/F Requienella seminuda (Pers.: Fr.) Boise Rhizocarpon alpicola (Anzi) Rabenh. Rhizocarpon atroflavescens Lynge Rhizocarpon badioatrum (Spreng.) Th.Fr. Rhizocarpon caeruleoalbum (Kremp.) Zahlbr. Rhizocarpon captans Poelt Rhizocarpon carpaticum Runemark Rhizocarpon copelandii (Körb.) Th.Fr. Rhizocarpon dinothetes Hertel & Leuckert Rhizocarpon disporum (Hepp) Müll.Arg. Rhizocarpon distinctum Th.Fr. Rhizocarpon effiguratum (Anzi) Th.Fr. Rhizocarpon epispilum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Rhizocarpon eupetraeoides (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell Rhizocarpon eupetraeum (Nyl.) Arnold Rhizocarpon fratricida Poelt & Nimis Rhizocarpon furax Poelt & V.Wirth Rhizocarpon furfurosum H.Magn. & Poelt Rhizocarpon geminatum Körb. Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. Rhizocarpon geographicum ssp. arcticum (Runemark) Hertel Rhizocarpon geographicum ssp. frigidum (Räsänen) Hertel Rhizocarpon geographicum ssp. prospectans (Räsänen) D.Hawksw. & Sowter Rhizocarpon hochstetteri (Körb.) Vain. Rhizocarpon inimicum Poelt & Vĕzda Rhizocarpon lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl. Rhizocarpon lecanorinum Anders Rhizocarpon leptolepis Anzi Rhizocarpon lusitanicum (Nyl.) Arnold 44 45 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Rhizocarpon macrosporum Räsänen Rhizocarpon norvegicum Räsänen Rhizocarpon ochrolechiae (Poelt & Nimis) Hafellner Rhizocarpon oederi (Weber) Körb. Rhizocarpon oportense (Vain.) Räsänen Rhizocarpon petraeum (Wulfen) A.Massal. Rhizocarpon polycarpum (Hepp) Th.Fr. Rhizocarpon pusillum Runemark Rhizocarpon rapax V.Wirth & Poelt Rhizocarpon reductum Th.Fr. Rhizocarpon renneri Poelt Rhizocarpon richardii (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Rhizocarpon ridescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Rhizocarpon saanaense Räsänen Rhizocarpon simillimum (Anzi) Lettau Rhizocarpon sorediosum Runemark Rhizocarpon superficiale (Schaer.) Vain. Rhizocarpon tavaresii Räsänen Rhizocarpon tetrasporum Runemark Rhizocarpon tinei (Tornab.) Runemark Rhizocarpon umbilicatum (Ramond) Flagey Rhizocarpon viridiatrum (Wulfen) Körb. Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca (Sm.) Zopf Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt Rhizoplaca peltata (Ramond) Leuckert & Poelt Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R.Sant. Rimularia badioatra (Kremp.) Hertel & Rambold Rimularia gibbosa (Ach.) Coppins, Hertel & Rambold Rimularia insularis (Nyl.) Rambold & Hertel Rinodina alba Arnold Rinodina albana (A.Massal.) A.Massal. Rinodina anomala (Zahlbr.) H.Mayrhofer & Giralt Rinodina archaea (Ach.) Arnold Rinodina arnoldii H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Rinodina aspersa (Borrer) J.R.Laundon Rinodina atrocinerea (Hook.) Körb. Rinodina beccariana Bagl. v. beccariana Rinodina beccariana v. lavicola (J.Steiner) Matzer & H.Mayrhofer Rinodina bischoffii (Hepp) A.Massal. v. bischoffii Rinodina boleana Giralt & H.Mayrhofer Rinodina calcarea (Arnold) Arnold Rinodina cana (Arnold) Arnold Rinodina canariensis Matzer, H.Mayrhofer & P.Clerc Rinodina capensis Hampe Rinodina castanomela (Nyl.) Arnold Rinodina castanomelodes H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Rinodina colobina (Ach.) Th.Fr. Rinodina colobinoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Rinodina conchophylla H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Rinodina confinis Samp. Rinodina confragosa (Ach.) Körb. Rinodina conradii Körb. Rinodina cretica H.Mayrhofer Rinodina dalmatica Zahlbr. Rinodina dubyana (Hepp) J.Steiner Rinodina efflorescens Malme Rinodina epimilvina H.Mayrhofer Rinodina ericina (Nyl.) Giralt Rinodina exigua (Ach.) Gray Rinodina fimbriata Körb. Rinodina furfuracea H.Magn. Rinodina furfurea H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Rinodina gennarii Bagl. Rinodina griseosoralifera Coppins Rinodina guzzinii Jatta Rinodina immersa (Körb.) Zahlbr. Rinodina insularis (Arnold) Hafellner Rinodina intermedia Bagl. Rinodina isidioides (Borrer) H.Olivier Rinodina kalbii Giralt & Matzer Rinodina lecanorina (A.Massal.) A.Massal. Rinodina luridata (Körb.) H.Mayrhofer, Scheid. & Sheard Rinodina luridescens (Anzi) Arnold Rinodina malangica (Norman) Arnold Rinodina milvina (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. Rinodina mniaraea (Ach.) Körb. v. mniaraea Rinodina mniaraea v. cinnamomea Th.Fr. Rinodina mniaraea v. mniaraeiza (Nyl.) H.Magn. Rinodina nimisii Giralt & H.Mayrhofer Rinodina nivalis H.Mayrhofer Rinodina obnascens (Nyl.) H.Olivier Rinodina occulta (Körb.) Sheard Rinodina oleae Bagl. Rinodina olivaceobrunnea C.W.Dodge & G.E.Baker Rinodina orculata Poelt & M.Steiner Rinodina oxydata (A.Massal.) A.Massal. Rinodina parasitica H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Rinodina pityrea Ropin & H.Mayrhofer Rinodina plana H.Magn. Rinodina polyspora Th.Fr. Rinodina polysporoides Giralt & H.Mayrhofer Rinodina pruinella Bagl. Rinodina pyrina (Ach.) Arnold PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Rinodina rinodinoides (Anzi) H.Mayrhofer & Scheid. Rinodina roboris (Nyl.) Arnold Rinodina roscida (Sommerf.) Arnold Rinodina santorinensis J.Steiner Rinodina septentrionalis Malme Rinodina sicula H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) A.Massal. Rinodina teichophila (Nyl.) Arnold Rinodina trachytica (A.Massal.) Bagl. & Carestia Rinodina tunicata H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Rinodina turfacea (Wahlenb.) Körb. Rinodina venostana Buschardt & H.Mayrhofer Rinodina Vĕzdae H.Mayrhofer Rinodina zwackhiana (Kremp.) Körb. Rinodinella controversa (A.Massal.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Rinodinella dubyanoides (Hepp) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Roccella fuciformis (L.) DC. Roccella phycopsis Ach. Roccella tuberculata v. vincentina Vain. Ropalospora lugubris (Sommerf.) Poelt Ropalospora viridis (Tønsberg) Tønsberg Sagiolechia protuberans (Ach.) A.Massal. Sarcogyne algoviae H.Magn. Sarcogyne clavus (DC.) Kremp. Sarcogyne fallax H.Magn. Sarcogyne privigna (Ach.) A.Massal. Sarcogyne regularis Körb. v. regularis Sarcogyne regularis v. platycarpoides (Anzi) N.S.Golubk. Sarcosagium campestre (Fr.) Poetsch & Schied. Sarea difformis (Fr.) Fr./F Schadonia alpina Körb. Schadonia fecunda (Th.Fr.) Vĕzda & Poelt Schaereria cinereorufa (Schaer.) Th.Fr. Schaereria fuscocinerea (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Schismatomma albocinctum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Schismatomma cretaceum (Hue) J.R.Laundon Schismatomma decolorans (Sm.) Clauzade & Vĕzda Schismatomma dirinellum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Schismatomma graphidioides (Leight.) Zahlbr. Schismatomma niveum D.Hawksw. & P.James Schismatomma pericleum (Ach.) Branth & Rostr. Sclerophora nivea (Hoffm.) Tibell Sclerophora peronella (Ach.) Tibell Sclerophyton circumscriptum (Taylor) Zahlbr. Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Stenh.) Vĕzda 46 Scoliciosporum gallurae Vĕzda & Poelt Scoliciosporum perpusillum Körb. Scoliciosporum pruinosum (P.James) Vĕzda Scoliciosporum sarothamni (Vain.) Vĕzda Scoliciosporum umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold v. umbrinum Scoliciosporum umbrinum v. compactum (Körb.) Hafellner Solenopsora candicans (Dicks.) J.Steiner Solenopsora carpathica Pisút & Vĕzda Solenopsora cesatii (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. v. cesatii Solenopsora cesatii v. grisea (Bagl.) Nimis Solenopsora holophaea (Mont.) Samp. Solenopsora olivacea (Fr.) H.Kilias ssp. olivacea Solenopsora olivacea ssp. olbiensis (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Solenopsora vulturiensis A.Massal. Solorina bispora Nyl. ssp. bispora Solorina bispora ssp. macrospora (Harm.) Burgaz & I.Martínez Solorina crocea (L.) Ach. Solorina octospora (Arnold) Arnold Solorina saccata (L.) Ach. Solorina spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi Solorinella asteriscus Anzi Sphaerophorus fragilis (L.) Pers. Sphaerophorus globosus (Huds.) Vain. Sphinctrina anglica Nyl./F Sphinctrina leucopoda Nyl./F Sphinctrina tubiformis A.Massal./F Sphinctrina turbinata (Pers.: Fr.) De Not./F Spilonema paradoxum Bornet Sporastatia polyspora (Nyl.) Grummann Sporastatia testudinea (Ach.) A.Massal. Squamarina cartilaginea (With.) P.James Squamarina concrescens (Müll.Arg.) Poelt Squamarina gypsacea (Sm.) Poelt Squamarina lamarckii (DC.) Poelt Squamarina lentigera (Weber) Poelt Squamarina nivalis Frey & Poelt Squamarina oleosa (Zahlbr.) Poelt Squamarina periculosa (Schaer.) Poelt Squamarina stella-petraea Poelt Staurolemma omphalarioides (Anzi) M.Jørg. & Henssen Staurothele ambrosiana (A.Massal.) Zschacke Staurothele areolata (Ach.) Lettau Staurothele bacilligera (Arnold) Arnold Staurothele caesia (Arnold) Arnold Staurothele clopimoides (Arnold) J.Steiner Staurothele fissa (Taylor) Zwackh 47 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Staurothele frustulenta Vain. Staurothele fuscocuprea (Nyl.) Zschacke Staurothele geoica Zschacke Staurothele guestphalica (Körb.) Arnold Staurothele hymenogonia (Nyl.) Th.Fr. Staurothele immersa (A.Massal.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Staurothele orbicularis (A.Massal.) Th.Fr. Staurothele rufa (A.Massal.) Zschacke Staurothele rugulosa (A.Massal.) Arnold Staurothele rupifraga (A.Massal.) Arnold Staurothele solvens (Anzi) Zschacke Staurothele succedens (Arnold) Arnold Staurothele terricola (Bagl.) Poelt & Nimis Steinia geophana (Nyl.) Stein Stenhammarella turgida (Ach.) Hertel Stenocybe major Körb./F Stenocybe pullatula (Ach.) Stein/F Stereocaulon alpinum Laurer Stereocaulon botryosum Ach. Stereocaulon condensatum Hoffm. Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Flörke Stereocaulon glareosum (Savicz) H.Magn. Stereocaulon incrustatum Flörke Stereocaulon nanodes Tuck. Stereocaulon pileatum Ach. Stereocaulon rivulorum H.Magn. Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. Stereocaulon vesuvianum Pers. Sticta canariensis Delise f. dufourii (Delise) Nimis Sticta fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Ach. Sticta limbata (Sm.) Ach. Sticta sylvatica (Huds.) Ach. Strangospora deplanata (Almq.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Strangospora moriformis (Ach.) Stein Strangospora pinicola (A.Massal.) Körb. Strigula affinis (A.Massal.) R.C.Harris Strigula calcarea Bricaud & Cl.Roux Strigula glabra (A.Massal.) V.Wirth Strigula mediterranea Etayo Strigula porinoides Canals, Boqueras & GómezBolea Strigula smaragdula Fr. Strigula stigmatella (Ach.) R.C.Harris Synalissa symphorea (Ach.) Nyl. Syncesia myrticola (Fée) Tehler Teloschistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Th.Fr. Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norman Teloschistes villosus (Ach.) Norman Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner v. atra Tephromela atra v. calcarea (Jatta) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Tephromela atra v. torulosa (Flot.) Hafellner Tephromela grumosa (Pers.) Hafellner & Cl.Roux Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer. v. vermicularis Thamnolia vermicularis v. subuliformis (Ehrh.) Schaer. Thelenella inductula (Nyl.) H.Mayrhofer Thelenella justii (Servít) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt Thelenella melanospora Etayo & H.Mayrhofer Thelenella modesta (Nyl.) Nyl. Thelenella pertusariella (Nyl.) Vain. Thelidium absconditum (Hepp) Rabenh. Thelidium aeneovinosum (Anzi) Arnold Thelidium antonellianum Bagl. & Carestia Thelidium cataractarum (Hepp) Lönnr. Thelidium decipiens (Nyl.) Kremp. Thelidium dionantense (Hue) Zschacke Thelidium impressum (Müll.Arg.) Zschacke Thelidium incavatum Mudd Thelidium minutulum Körb. Thelidium obscurum (Garov.) Zschacke Thelidium olivaceum (Fr.) Körb. Thelidium papulare (Fr.) Arnold Thelidium pertusatii (Garov.) Jatta Thelidium pyrenophorum (Ach.) Mudd Thelidium zwackhii (Hepp) A.Massal. Thelignya lignyota (Wahlenb.) M.Jørg. & Henssen Thelocarpon citrum (Wallr.) Rossman Thelocarpon epibolum Nyl./F Thelocarpon intermediellum Nyl. Thelocarpon laureri (Flot.) Nyl. Thelocarpon lichenicola (Fuckel) Poelt & Hafellner/F Thelocarpon macchiae Nimis, Poelt & Puntillo Thelochroa montinii A.Massal. Thelomma ocellatum (Körb.) Tibell Thelomma siliceum (Fée) Tibell Thelopsis flaveola Arnold Thelopsis isiaca Stizenb. Thelopsis melathelia Nyl. Thelopsis rubella Nyl. Thelotrema lepadinum (Ach.) Ach. Thermutis velutina (Ach.) Flot. Thrombium epigaeum (Pers.) Wallr. Thrombium thelostomum (Harriman) A.L.Sm. Thyrea confusa Henssen PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Thyrea girardii (Durieu & Mont.) Bagl. & Carestia Thyrea plectopsora A.Massal. Tomasellia arthonioides (A.Massal.) A.Massal./F Tomasellia diffusa (Leight.) J.Lahm/F Tomasellia gelatinosa (Chevall.) Zahlbr./F Toninia albilabra (Dufour) H.Olivier Toninia alutacea (Anzi) Jatta Toninia aromatica (Sm.) A.Massal. Toninia athallina (Hepp) Timdal Toninia candida (Weber) Th.Fr. Toninia cinereovirens (Schaer.) A.Massal. Toninia coelestina (Anzi) Vĕzda Toninia collematicola Timdal/F Toninia diffracta (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. Toninia episema (Nyl.) Timdal/F Toninia leptogii Timdal Toninia lutosa (Ach.) Timdal Toninia massata (Tuck.) Herre Toninia mesoidea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Toninia nordlandica Th.Fr. Toninia opuntioides (Vill.) Timdal Toninia pennina (Schaer.) Gyeln. Toninia philippea (Mont.) Timdal Toninia physaroides (Opiz) Zahlbr. Toninia plumbina (Anzi) Hafellner & Timdal Toninia rosulata (Anzi) H.Olivier Toninia sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal Toninia squalida (Ach.) A.Massal. Toninia subfuscae (Arnold) Timdal/F Toninia subnitida (Hellb.) Hafellner & Türk Toninia taurica (Szatala) Oksner Toninia toepfferi (Stein) Navàs Toninia toniniana (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. Toninia tristis (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. s.lat. Toninia tristis (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. ssp. tristis Toninia tristis ssp. asiae-centralis (H.Magn.) Timdal Toninia tristis ssp. pseudotabacina Timdal Toninia tumidula (Sm.) Zahlbr. Toninia verrucariae (Nyl.) Timdal/F Toninia verrucarioides (Nyl.) Timdal Topelia heterospora (Zahlbr.) M.Jørg. & Vĕzda Topelia nimisiana Tretiach & Vĕzda Topelia rosea (Servít) M.Jørg. & Vĕzda Tornabea scutellifera (With.) J.R.Laundon Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) M.Choisy Trapelia corticola Coppins & P.James Trapelia involuta (Taylor) Hertel Trapelia obtegens (Th.Fr.) Hertel Trapelia placodioides Coppins & P.James 48 Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P.James Trapeliopsis gelatinosa (Flörke) Coppins & P.James Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa Coppins & P.James Trapeliopsis subconcolor (Anzi) Hertel Trapeliopsis viridescens (Schrad.) Coppins & P.James Trapeliopsis wallrothii (Spreng.) Hertel & Gotth.Schneid. Tremolecia atrata (Ach.) Hertel Tromera resinae (Fr.) Körb./F Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale Tuckneraria laureri (Kremp.) Randlane & Thell Umbilicaria aprina Nyl. Umbilicaria cinerascens (Arnold) Frey Umbilicaria cinereorufescens (Schaer.) Frey Umbilicaria crustulosa (Ach.) Frey ssp. crustulosa v. crustulosa Umbilicaria crustulosa ssp. crustulosa v. badiofusca Frey Umbilicaria crustulosa ssp. punctata Sancho & A.Crespo Umbilicaria cylindrica (L.) Duby v. cylindrica Umbilicaria cylindrica v. delisei Nyl. Umbilicaria cylindrica v. tornata (Ach.) Nyl. Umbilicaria decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. Umbilicaria deusta (L.) Baumg. Umbilicaria freyi Codogno, Poelt & Puntillo Umbilicaria grisea Hoffm. Umbilicaria hirsuta (Westr.) Hoffm. Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. Umbilicaria laevis (Schaer.) Frey Umbilicaria leiocarpa DC. Umbilicaria microphylla (Laurer) A.Massal. Umbilicaria nylanderiana (Zahlbr.) H.Magn. Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. Umbilicaria polyrrhiza (L.) Fr. Umbilicaria proboscidea (L.) Schrad. Umbilicaria ruebeliana (Du Rietz & Frey) Frey Umbilicaria spodochroa Hoffm. Umbilicaria subglabra (Nyl.) Harm. Umbilicaria torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrad. Umbilicaria vellea (L.) Hoffm. Umbilicaria virginis Schaer. Usnea articulata (L.) Hoffm. Usnea cavernosa Tuck. Usnea ceratina Ach. Usnea cornuta Körb. Usnea dasaea Stirt. 49 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Usnea diplotypus Vain. Usnea esperantiana P.Clerc Usnea filipendula Stirt. Usnea flammea Stirt. Usnea florida (L.) F.H.Wigg. Usnea fragilescens Lynge Usnea fulvoreagens (Räsänen) Räsänen Usnea glabrata (Ach.) Vain. Usnea glabrescens (Vain.) Vain. Usnea hirta (L.) F.H.Wigg. Usnea lapponica Vain. Usnea longissima Ach. Usnea madeirensis Motyka Usnea mutabilis Stirt. Usnea rigida (Ach.) Motyka nom. illegit. Usnea rubicunda Stirt. Usnea scabrata Nyl. Usnea subcornuta Stirt. Usnea subfloridana Stirt. Usnea subscabrosa Motyka Usnea substerilis Motyka Usnea wasmuthii Räsänen Varicellaria rhodocarpa (Körb.) Th.Fr. Verrucaria aethiobola Wahlenb. Verrucaria amylacea Arnold Verrucaria anceps Kremp. Verrucaria apatela (A.Massal.) Trevis. Verrucaria apomelaena (A.Massal.) Hepp Verrucaria aquatilis Mudd Verrucaria aspiciliicola R.Sant. Verrucaria attica J.Steiner Verrucaria beltraminiana (A.Massal.) Trevis. Verrucaria biatorinaria Zehetl. Verrucaria caerulea DC. Verrucaria caesiopsila Anzi Verrucaria calciseda DC. Verrucaria cinereorufa Schaer. Verrucaria coccinearia Zehetl. Verrucaria compacta (A.Massal.) Jatta Verrucaria cryptica (Arnold) J.Steiner Verrucaria cyanea A.Massal. Verrucaria dinarica Zahlbr. Verrucaria dolosa Hepp Verrucaria dufourii DC. Verrucaria eggerthii J.Steiner Verrucaria elaeomelaena (A.Massal.) Arnold Verrucaria elegantiaria Zehetl. Verrucaria foveolata (Flörke) A.Massal. Verrucaria funckii (Spreng.) Zahlbr. Verrucaria fuscella (Turner) Winch Verrucaria fuscula Nyl. Verrucaria geophila Zahlbr. Verrucaria helveticorum Zehetl. Verrucaria hochstetteri Fr. Verrucaria hydrela Ach. Verrucaria latebrosa Körb. Verrucaria latericola Erichsen Verrucaria lecideoides (A.Massal.) Trevis. Verrucaria macrostoma DC. Verrucaria margacea (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb. Verrucaria marmorea (Scop.) Arnold Verrucaria maura Wahlenb. Verrucaria minuta (Hepp) Zschacke Verrucaria muralis Ach. Verrucaria murina Leight. Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. Verrucaria pachyderma Arnold Verrucaria papillosa Ach. Verrucaria phaeosperma Arnold/F Verrucaria pinguicula A.Massal. Verrucaria poeltiana Clauzade & Cl.Roux Verrucaria porphyricola Servít Verrucaria praetermissa (Trevis.) Anzi Verrucaria rheitrophila Zschacke Verrucaria ruderum DC. Verrucaria saprophila (A.Massal.) Trevis. Verrucaria sphaerospora Anzi Verrucaria tectorum (A.Massal.) Körb. Verrucaria transiliens Arnold Verrucaria tristis (A.Massal.) Kremp. Verrucaria viridula (Schrad.) Ach. Verrucaria xyloxena Norman Verrucaria zamenhofiana Clauzade & Cl.Roux Vezdaea aestivalis (Ohlert) Tscherm.-Woess & Poelt Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.E.Mattsson & M.J.Lai Vulpicida tubulosus (Schaer.) J.E.Mattsson & M.J.Lai Wadeana dendrographa (Nyl.) Coppins & P.James Waynea adscendens V.J.Rico Waynea stoechadiana (Abassi & Cl.Roux) Cl.Roux & P.Clerc Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla (Gyeln.) Hale Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia (Gyeln.) Hale Xanthoparmelia mexicana (Gyeln.) Hale Xanthoparmelia mougeotii (D.Dietr.) Hale Xanthoparmelia plittii (Gyeln.) Hale Xanthoparmelia protomatrae (Gyeln.) Hale Xanthoparmelia somloensis (Gyeln.) Hale PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS Xanthoparmelia sublaevis (Cout.) Hale Xanthoparmelia tinctina (Maheu & A.Gillet) Hale Xanthoparmelia verrucigera (Nyl.) Hale Xanthoria calcicola Oksner Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th.Fr. Xanthoria contortuplicata (Ach.) Boistel Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th.Fr. ssp. elegans Xanthoria elegans ssp. orbicularis (Schaer.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux Xanthoria fallax (Hepp) Arnold Xanthoria mediterranea Giralt, Nimis & Poelt Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr. Xanthoria polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber Xanthoria resendei Poelt & Tav. Xanthoria sorediata (Vain.) Poelt Xanthoria steineri I.M.Lamb Xanthoria stiligera Giralt, Nimis & Poelt Xanthoria ulophyllodes Räsänen Xylographa parallela (Ach.:Fr.) Behlen & Desberger Xylographa trunciseda (Th.Fr.) Redinger Xylographa vitiligo (Ach.) J.R.Laundon Zahlbrucknerella calcarea (Herre) Herre Poorly known taxa Acarospora euganea H.Magn. Acarospora hostilis H.Magn. Acarospora trachytica Jatta Acarospora valdobbiensis Bagl. & Carestia Arthonia melanospila Anzi Arthopyrenia molinii Beltram. Arthopyrenia parolinii Beltram. Aspicilia scopulicola de Lesd. Arthonia bassanensis Beltram. Arthonia tabidula Anzi Biatora brunnea Anzi Biatora castanearum Jatta Biatora holomicra Anzi Biatora isabellina Flot. Biatora lecideola Bagl. Biatora lygaeoides Anzi Biatora valerii Anzi Bilimbia leptosperma Anzi Bilimbia notarisiana A.Massal. Bilimbia scoliciosporoides Bagl. Bilimbia subtrachona Arnold Bilimbia visianica Beltram. Buellia henrici de Lesd. Buellia hypoleuca H.Magn. Buellia sbarbaronis de Lesd. Cliostomum tetrasporum Jatta Dermatocarpon liguricum Servít Diplotomma lutosum A.Massal. Endocarpon lunardii de Lesd. Endopyrenium italicum de Lesd. Gyrocollema rupestrina (Zahlbr.) Henssen Heppia adriatica Zahlbr. Hymenelia lithophraga A.Massal. Involucrothele sorediata Servít Involucrothele tegulicola Servít Lecanora carpicola de Lesd. Lecanora minutissima A.Massal. Lecanora polycarpa Anzi Lecanora rubella Anzi Lecanora sororia Bagl. & Carestia Lecanora sublutea A.Massal. Lecanora variaeformis Jatta Lecidea antiqua de Lesd. Lecidea argillacea (Bellardi) Fr. Lecidea badiopallens Nyl. Lecidea baldensis Pollini Lecidea disjecta Nyl. Lecidea epixanthina Nyl. Lecidea interjecta Bagl. & Carestia Lecidea isidiosa Anzi Lecidea leptoceramia Anzi Lecidea pallidaeformis Anzi Lecidea proxima Anzi Lecidea sbarbaronis de Lesd. Lecidea sessitana Bagl. & Carestia Lecidea sollana Jatta Lecidea sphaerocarpa Bagl. & Carestia Lecidea spotornonis de Lesd. Lecidea spuriaeformnis Anzi Lecidea subconfluens Anzi Lecidella personata Körb. Leptographa toninioides Jatta Opegrapha deusta Jatta Paraphysothele sbarbaronis Servít Phlyctis italica Körb. Placidium marcomanici A.Massal. Polyblastia bormiensis Servít Polyblastia etrusca Servítù Polyblastia sbarbaronis Servít Porina pertusa v. citrinella Bertoloni Psora fumosa v. turgidula Anzi Psorotichia gelatinosa Anzi Psorotichia pictava (Nyl.) Forssell Pyrenopsis endoxantha Anzi 50 51 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms Pyrenopsis leprosa Anzi Pyrenopsis subcooperta Anzi Sagedia cembricola Anzi Sarcogyne coronata Jatta Scoliciosporum villae-lati A.Massal. Siphulastrum alpinum Jatta Staurothele sienae de Lesd. Staurothele viperae Servít Thelidium fulloense Servít Thelidium mammillatum Bagl. Thelidium metzlerianum Servít Thelidium tiroliense Zschacke Thyrea arenae Forssell Thyrea borzii Beltram. Usnea tortuosa De Not. Verrucaria aberrans Garov. Verrucaria acrotella Ach. Verrucaria csernaensis Zschacke Verrucaria discernenda Zschacke Verrucaria eggerthii J.Steiner Verrucaria mortarii (Arnold) Lamy Verrucaria pulicaris A.Massal. Verrucaria tabacina (A.Massal.) Trevis. Verrucaria vindobonensis Zschacke Verrucaria vicinalis Arnold Weitenwebera latebrosa Bagl. & Carestia Dubious records Biatora cuprea (Sommerf.) Fr. Biatora meiocarpa (Nyl.) Arnold Cladonia stricta (Nyl.) Nyl. Lecidea ahlesii (Körb.) Nyl. Micarea assimilata (Nyl.) Coppins Verrucaria franconia (Zschacke) Servít Verrucaria ochrostoma (Leight.) Trevis. Verrucaria polygonia Körb. THESAURUS OF SYNONYMS abbatiana Faurel, Ozenda & Schotter (Solorinaria) = Peltula patellata ? abbrevians Hedl. (Lecanora varia v.) = Lecanora varia abbrevians (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Bacidia) = Bacidia igniarii abbreviata auct. p.p. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Arthonia punctiformis abbreviata W.Mann (Opegrapha stenocarpa v.) = Opegrapha atra abbreviatum sensu Arnold (Collema) = Collema flaccidum abbreviatum (Wahlenb.) Arnold [nomen sed non planta] (Collema) = Collema fuscovirens abbreviatus (Wahlenb.) Zwackh (Synechoblastus) = Collema fuscovirens abbreviatus Wahlenb. (Lichen flaccidus v.) = Collema fuscovirens abdita Erichsen (Lecidea) = Micarea prasina abdita Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. abduanum Anzi (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon incrustatum abduanum (Anzi) Frey (Stereocaulon incrustatum v.) = Stereocaulon incrustatum abelonae M.Jørg. (Arthonia) = Corticiruptor abelonae (M.Jørg.) Wedin & Hafellner/F abeloneae M.Jørg. (Arthonia) = Corticiruptor abeloneae (M.Jørg.) Wedin & Hafellner/F aberrans (Abbayes) Stuckenb. [non auct.ital.] (Cladonia) = Cladonia stellaris aberrans auct. (Cladonia) = Cladonia rangiformis aberrans ([Hav. ex] Lynge) Gyeln. (Cyanisticta) = Pseudocyphellaria norvegica (Gyeln.) P.James abietina (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecanactis abietina abietina Erichsen (Pertusaria alpina v.) = Pertusaria alpina abietina Humb. (Verrucaria) = Schismatomma pericleum abietina Körb. (Sagedia) = Porina aenea abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr. (Xylographa) = Xylographa parallela abietina (Schaer.) Rabenh. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta abietina Schaer. (Opegrapha scripta v.) = Graphis scripta abietinum (Ach.) A.Massal. [non (Humb.) Almq.] (Schismatomma) = Lecanactis abietina abietinum (Humb.) Almq. [non (Ach.) A.Massal.] (Schismatomma) = Schismatomma pericleum abietinum Pers. (Hysterium) = Xylographa parallela abietinus Ach. (Lichen) = Lecanactis abietina abolescens [Nyl. ex] Stizenb. [nom.nud.] (Lecanora sophodes v.) = Rinodina abolescens H.Magn. abortiva (Flörke) Leight. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia fimbriata abortiva Schaer. (Sticta aurata v.) = Arthonia pelvetii (Hepp) H.Olivier/F abortivus A.Massal. (Baeomyces roseus f.) = Dibaeis baeomyces abscondita Coppins & Vĕzda (Macentina) = Psoroglaena abscondita (Coppins & Vĕzda) Hafellner & Türk abscondita Erichsen (Bacidia) = Lecania naegelii abscondita Hepp (Sagedia nigrella v.) = Thelidium absconditum abscondita (J.Lahm) Zahlbr. (Gyalecta) = Absconditella trivialis (Tuck.) Vĕzda abscondita (J.Lahm.) Lettau (Gloeolecta) = Absconditella trivialis (Tuck.) Vĕzda abscondita (Nyl.) Arnold (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia albida ? abscondita (Th.Fr.) Lojka (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa abscondita (Th.Fr.) Egea & Torrente PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS abscondita Th.Fr. (Opegrapha) = Lecanographa abscondita (Th.Fr.) Egea & Torrente absistens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidia absistens abstracta (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Buellia) = Buellia sequax abstracta Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia sequax abstrahenda Arnold (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia fuscoargillacea ? abstrusa (Wallr.) A.Massal. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta truncigena acanthella (Ach.) Ach. (Cornicularia aculeata v.) = Cetraria aculeata acarosporoides Anzi (Sarcogyne) = Acarospora badiofusca ssp. badiofusca accedens Arnold (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia accedens accedens (Arnold) Lettau (Bacidia) = Myxobilimbia accedens accedens (Arnold) V.Wirth & Hafellner (Mycobilimbia) = Myxobilimbia accedens acceptanda (Nyl.) [Arnold ex] Hue (Aspicilia) = Koerberiella wimmeriana acceptanda Nyl. (Lecanora) = Koerberiella wimmeriana accessitans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Lecania hutchinsiae v.) = Lecania hutchinsiae (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. accessitans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecania hutchinsiae (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. accline (Flot.) A.Massal. (Arthrosporum) = Arthrosporum populorum acclinis (Flot.) Trevis. (Bilimbia) = Arthrosporum populorum acclinis (Flot.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Arthrosporum populorum acclinis Flot. (Lecidea) = Arthrosporum populorum acericola A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia persoonii f.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis acerina (Ach.) Arnold [non auct.] (Bacidia) = Bacidia polychroa acerina Ach. (Lecidea) = Bacidia polychroa acerina auct. p.p. (Bacidia) = Bacidia laurocerasi acerina (Hepp) Trevis. (Leiophloea punctiformis v.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis acerina Rehm (Leptorhaphis) = Cresporhaphis acerina (Rehm) B.A.Aguirre acervulans (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Toninia) = Toninia squalida acervulans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia squalida acervulata (Nyl.) Kremp. (Bilimbia) = Toninia aromatica acervulata (Nyl.) Kremp. (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica acervulata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia aromatica acetabulum (Neck.) DC. (Imbricaria) = Pleurosticta acetabulum acetabulum (Neck.) Duby (Parmelia) = Pleurosticta acetabulum acetabulum (Neck.) Essl. (Melanelia) = Pleurosticta acetabulum acetabulum (Neck.) Frege (Platysma) = Pleurosticta acetabulum acetabulum Neck. (Lichen) = Pleurosticta acetabulum achariana Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria fuscescens ? achrista (Sommerf.) Britzelm. (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma achristotera (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuckert (Lecidella) = Lecidella elaeochroma achristotera Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma aciculare (Ach.) Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca furfuracea aciculare (Ach.) Arnold (Cyphelium) = Chaenotheca furfuracea aciculare (Ach.) Trevis. (Phacotium) = Chaenotheca furfuracea aciculare auct. brit. p.p. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca hispidula acicularis (Ach.) Zwackh (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca furfuracea acicularis Anzi (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta leucaspis acosmeta Lettau (Lecidea) = Lecidea umbonata acrita (Ach.) Hue (Physcia aipolia v.) = Physcia aipolia 52 acrita Ach. (Parmelia aipolia v.) = Physcia aipolia acrocordiaeformis Anzi (Thelotrema) = Polyblastia cupularis acrocordioides (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr. (Porina) = Lithothelium triseptatum acrocyanea (Th.Fr.) H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina acroglyptum Norman [in Th.Fr.] (Thelidium) = Lauderlindsaya borreri (Tul.) J.C.David & D.Hawksw./F acrotelloides (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria nigrescens acrotelloides (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Verrucaria nigrescens v.) = Verrucaria nigrescens acrotelloides A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria nigrescens acrotellum Arnold (Thelidium) = Thelidium minutulum acrustacea Arnold (Catillaria) = Toninia athallina acrustacea (Arnold) Vain. (Catinaria) = Toninia athallina acrustacea Asta, Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Verrucaria tristis f.) = Verrucaria tristis acrustacea Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca subochracea f.) = Caloplaca subochracea acrustacea Harm. (Psorotichia) = Thelochroa montinii acrustacea Müll.Arg. (Caloplaca variabilis f.) = Caloplaca alociza actaea (Nyl.) de Lesd. (Lecania) = Catillaria lenticularis actinostoma (Ach.) A.Massal. (Limboria) = Diploschistes actinostomus actinostoma (Ach.) Ach. (Urceolaria) = Diploschistes actinostomus actinostoma (Ach.) Trevis. (Acrorixis) = Diploschistes actinostomus actinostoma [Pers. ex] Ach. (Verrucaria) = Diploschistes actinostomus aculeata (Schreb.) Ach. (Cornicularia) = Cetraria aculeata aculeatum (Schreb.) Link (Coelocaulon) = Cetraria aculeata aculeatus Schreb. (Lichen) = Cetraria aculeata acuminans (Nyl.) Keissl. (Polyblastiopsis subcoerulescens f.) = Mycoglaena acuminans (Nyl.) Vain./F acuminans (Nyl.) Lettau (Polyblastiopsis) = Mycoglaena acuminans (Nyl.) Vain./F acuminata Ach. (Cenomyce pityrea f.) = Cladonia acuminata acutior (Nyl.) Vain. (Arctomia) = Arctomia delicatula v. acutior (Nyl.) Henssen acutula (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Psora) = Hypocenomyce caradocensis acutula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Hypocenomyce caradocensis adaequata Lettau (Lecanora) = Aspicilia adaequata (Lettau) Poelt adami-borosi (Szatala) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium adami-borosi addanubica Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia pulla s.lat. adglutinata (Anzi) Gyeln. (Anziella) = Placynthium flabellosum adglutinata Flörke (Lecanora) = Hyperphyscia adglutinata adglutinata (Flörke) A.Massal. (Squamaria elaeina v.) = Hyperphyscia adglutinata adglutinata (Flörke) Bagl. (Hagenia) = Hyperphyscia adglutinata adglutinata (Flörke) Bagl. (Hagenia elaeina v.) =Hyperphyscia adglutinata adglutinata (Flörke) M.Choisy (Physciopsis) = Hyperphyscia adglutinata adglutinata (Flörke) Nyl. (Physcia) = Hyperphyscia adglutinata adglutinata (Flörke) Trevis. (Dimelaena) = Hyperphyscia adglutinata adglutinata Kremp. (Lecanora) = Heppia adglutinata adglutinatum Anzi (Lecothecium) = Placynthium flabellosum adglutinatum (Anzi) Jatta (Pterygium) = Placynthioum flabellosum 53 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms adglutinatum (Anzi) Trevis. (Placynthium) = Placynthium flabellosum adjuncta (Th.Fr.) Arnold (Karschia) = Buellia adjuncta Th.Fr. admissa auct. p.p. (Acarospora) = Acarospora badiofusca admissa auct. p.p. (Acarospora) = Acarospora impressula admissa auct. p.p. (Acarospora) = Acarospora veronensis admissa (Nyl.) Kullhem (Acarospora) = Acarospora nitrophila admissa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Acarospora nitrophila admixta Th.Fr. (Biatora) = Lecanora cadubriae adnatum Nyl. (Endocarpon) = Endocarpon pusillum adpressa (Hepp) Schuler (Catillaria) = Catinaria atropurpurea adpressa Th.Fr. (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia stellaris adpressa Trevis. (Dimelaena caesia v.) = Physcia caesia v. caesia adriatica Zahlbr. (Buellia subalbula v.) = Buellia stellulata adriatica Zahlbr. (Caloplaca schaereri v.) = Caloplaca adriatica adriatica Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pruinosa adriatica Zahlbr. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura ? adriaticum Zahlbr. (Arthothelium) = Arthonia albopulverea adriaticum Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria sp. ? adscendens Anzi (Dermatocarpon pusillum v.) = Endocarpon adscendens adscendens (Fr.) Rabenh. (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia adscendens adscendens (Fr.) Trevis. (Dimelaena stellaris v.) = Physcia adscendens adscendens Fr. (Parmelia stellaris v.) = Physcia adscendens adspersa Körb. (Microthelia) = Leptorhaphis atomaria adunans (Nyl.) Arnold (Aspicilia) = Aspilidea myrinii adunans Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspilidea myrinii adunca (Ach.) Körb. (Cladonia stellata v.) = Cladonia uncialis adventiva Gyeln. (Parmelia isidiata v.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa advenula (Leight.) H.Olivier (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon advenulum advertens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica aegyptiaca (Müll.Arg.) J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder aegyptiaca Müll.Arg. (Verrucaria) = “Guignardia” aegyptiaca (Müll.Arg) Keissler/F aegyptiacum (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = “Guignardia” aegyptiaca (Müll.Arg) Keissler/F aegyptiacum Müll.Arg. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder aegyptica (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb. (Lecanora bischoffii v.) = Rinodina dubyana aegyptica Müll.Arg. (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina dubyana aemulans Arnold (Lecidella) = Lecidea aemulans aenea A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia punctiformis v.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis aeneaeformis Anzi (Psora) = Toninia pennina aeneaeformis (Anzi) Jatta (Lecidea) = Toninia pennina aenea (Fr.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica garovaglii aenea Fr. (Parmelia) = Miriquidica garovaglii aenea (Wallr.) Hafellner & Kalb (Pseudosagedia) = Porina aenea aenea (Wallr.) Körb. (Sagedia) = Porina aenea aenea Wallr. (Verrucaria) = Porina aenea aeneola (Arnold) Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidea praenubila ? aeneovinosa Anzi (Sagedia) = Thelidium aeneovinosum aeneovinosa (Anzi) Servít (Involucrothele) = Thelidium aeneovinosum aeneum (Wallr.) R.C.Harris (Trichothelium) = Porina aenea aeneum (Wallr.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Porina aenea aequalis (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata aequata (Ach.) Szatala (Buellia) = Amandinea punctata aequata (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Buellia punctata v.) = Amandinea punctata aequata Flörke (Lecidea sabuletorum v.) = Lecidella stigmatea aequata (Flörke) Kremp. (Lecidella) = Lecidella stigmatea aequatula (H.Magn.) H.Magn. (Acarospora praeruptorum v.) = Acarospora nitrophila aequatula H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nitrophila aequatula (Nyl.) de Lesd. (Rinodina) = Rinodinella dubyanoides aequatula Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodinella dubyanoides aerimontana Servít (Verrucaria aquatilis v.) = Verrucaria aquatilis aeruginella (Nyl.) Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Mycoglaena myricae (Nyl.) R.C.Harris/F aeruginosa auct. p.p. (Lepraria) = Lepraria incana aeruginosa auct. p.p. (Lepraria) = Lepraria lobificans aeruginosa auct. p.p. [non ([Turner ex] Sm.) A.L.Sm.] (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca stemonea aeruginosa Borrer (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis flexuosa aeruginosa (Borrer) Leight. (Lecidea flexuosa f.) = Trapeliopsis flexuosa aeruginosa (Scop.) Ach. (Lecidea icmadophila v.) = Icmadophila ericetorum aeruginosa (Scop.) Trevis. (Icmadophila) = Icmadophila ericetorum aeruginosa sensu Sm. [non (Weis) Sm.] (Lepraria) = Lepraria lesdainii aeruginosa (Sm.) Sm. [non auct.] (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca trichialis aeruginosum [Turner ex] Sm. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca trichialis aeruginosus (Scop.) DC. (Baeomyces) = Icmadophila ericetorum aestimabilis (Arnold) Lettau (Caloplaca lactea f.) = Caloplaca crenulatella aestivalis (Ohl.) Lindau (Biatora) = Vezdaea aestivalis aestivalis Ohl. (Lecidea) = Vezdaea aestivalis aethalea Ach. (Gyalecta) = Buellia aethalea aethaleoides (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Buellia) = Buellia aethalea aethiobola (Wahlenb.) A.Massal. (Verrucaria hydrela v.) = Verrucaria aethiobola aethiobola (Wahlenb.) Ach. (Pyrenula) = Verrucaria aethiobola aethiobola (Wahlenb.) Stein (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria aethiobola aethioboloides (Nyl.) Vain. [non Zschacke] (Thelidium) = Thelidium minutulum aetnensis Caruso (Imbricaria tiliacea v.) = Parmelina tiliacea aetnensis de Lesd. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca albolutescens ? aetneum Tornab. (Endocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum affine A.Massal. (Coniocarpon) = Arthonia cinnabarina affine A.Massal. (Enchylium) = Pterygiopsis affinis affinis (A.Massal.) Boistel (Arthopyrenia) = Strigula affinis affinis (A.Massal.) Jatta (Arthonia) = Arthonia cinnabarina affinis (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Forssellia) = Pterygiopsis affinis affinis (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Porina) = Strigula affinis affinis A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Strigula affinis affinis Dicks. (Lichen) = Pannaria rubiginosa affinis Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria amarescens affinis (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Megalospora) = Mycoblastus affinis affinis (Schaer.) Nyl. (Lecidea sanguinaria v.) = Mycoblastus affinis affinis Schaer. (Lecidea) = Mycoblastus affinis affinis (Stizenb.) Vain. (Bacidia) = Bacidia subincompta PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS affinis Vĕzda (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica africana de Lesd. (Acarospora) = Acarospora veronensis africana Jatta (Heppia) = Peltula africana (Jatta) Swinscow & Krog africana sensu Clauzade (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca subochracea africanum Flagey (Rhizocarpon atroalbum v.) = Rhizocarpon simillimum afrorevoluta Krog & Swinscow (Parmelia) = Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow agardhiana (A.Massal.) Müll.Arg. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca alociza agardhiana A.Massal. (Pyrenodesmia) = Caloplaca alociza agardhianoides A.Massal. (Lecanora) = Lecanora agardhiana agardhianum ("Ach.") Trevis. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca alociza agariciformis (Wulfen) Arnold (Cladonia) = Cladonia caespiticia agavicola Erichsen (Rinodina) = Rinodina oleae agelaea (Ach.) Ach. (Urceolaria) = Phlyctis agelaea agelaeum (Ach.) Ach. (Thelotrema variolariodes v.) = Phlyctis agelaea agelaeus Ach. (Lichen) = Phlyctis agelaea aggerata Mudd (Lecidea) = Micarea sylvicola aggregantula (Müll.Arg.) Rehm (Nesolechia) = Carbonea aggregantula aggregantula Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Carbonea aggregantula aggregata (Bagl.) Arnold (Rinodina caesiella v.) = Rinodina confragosa aggregata Bagl. (Rinodina) = Rinodina confragosa aggregata Eitner (Leptorhaphis) = Cresporhaphis muelleri (Duby) M.B.Aguirre aggregata (Flot.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda (Fuscidea) = Fuscidea austera aggregata Jatta (Lecidea petrosa v.) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana aggregata (Jatta) Zahlbr. (Lecidea albosuffusa f.) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana aggregata Vĕzda (Toninia) = Toninia coelestina aggregata Werner (Opegrapha semicincta f.) = Opegrapha rupestris aggregatilis Grummann (Lecidea) = Fuscidea austera aggregatula Nyl. (Homopsella) = Porocyphus coccodes aggregatula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica leucophaea aggregatum ("Ach.") Samp. (Lethagrium) = Collema fasciculare aggregatum sensu Sommerf. (Collema) = Collema fasciculare aggregatus ("Ach.") Th.Fr. (Synechoblastus) = Collema fasciculare aglaea (Sommerf.) Hertel & Rambold (Tephromela) = Calvitimela aglaea aglaea (Sommerf.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Calvitimela aglaea aglaea Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Calvitimela aglaea aglaeus (Sommerf.) Trevis. (Oedemocarpus) = Calvitimela aglaea agnata (Nyl.) Kristinsson (Cetraria) = Melanelia agnata (Nyl.) Thell ahlesii Fuckel (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon lichenicola ahlesii Körb. (Biatora) = Lecidea ahlesii aigneri Zahlbr. (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia aigneri (Zahlbr.) Hafellner & Türk aipolia (Humb.) A.Massal. (Dimelaena stellaris v.) = Physcia aipolia aipolia (Humb.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Physcia aipolia aipolia (Humb.) Hazsl. (Parmelia stellaris v.) = Physcia aipolia aipolia (Humb.) Th.Fr. (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia aipolia aipolioides Nádv. (Physcia biziana v.) = Physcia biziana 54 aipolius [Ehrh. ex] Humb. (Lichen) = Physcia aipolia aipospila Wahlenb. [in Ach.] (Parmelia) = Lecania aipospila aitema (Ach.) Hepp (Lecanora symmicta v.) = Lecanora aitema aitema (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora symmictera v.) = Lecanora aitema aitema Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecanora aitema aitema sensu A.Massal. (Biatora) = Lecanora cadubriae aizonii [Delise ex] Duby (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia saxatilis akralense Flagey (Lethagrium) = Collema polycarpon ssp. corcyrense alabastrina (Ach.) W.Mann (Biatora) = Bacidia rosella alabastrina Ach. (Lecidea) = Bacidia rosella alabastrites Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea alabastrites (Nyl.) Coppins alaiensis (Vain.) Hertel (Lecidella) = Lecidella patavina alaiensis Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina alba A.Massal. (Pyrenula) = Eopyrenula leucoplaca alba auct. (Lecidella) = Lecidella albida Hafellner alba Gyeln. (Peltigera scutata f.) = Peltigera collina albana (A.Massal.) Bagl. & Carestia (Rinodina sophodes v.) = Rinodina albana albana (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Rinodina albana albana A.Massal. (Hagenia) = Rinodina albana albariella (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatorina) = Lecania turicensis albariella (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (Lecania) = Lecania turicensis albariella Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecania turicensis alba Schleich. [non (Ach.) Flörke] (Lecidea) = Lecidella albida Hafellner alba (Schrad.) A.Massal. (Pyrenula) = Acrocordia gemmata alba (Schrad.) de Lesd. (Acrocordia) = Acrocordia gemmata alba (Schrad.) Zahlbr. (Arthopyrenia) = Acrocordia gemmata alba Th.Fr. (Lecanora calcarea v.) = Aspicilia candida albella Schaer. (Lecidea sphaeroides v.) = Micarea cinerea albellula (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albellula albellula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecanora albellula albellus Pers. (Lichen) = Lecanora albella albescens (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Patellaria) = Lecanora albescens albescens (Hoffm.) Anzi (Squamaria) = Lecanora albescens albescens Hoffm. (Psora) = Lecanora albescens albescens Huds. (Lichen) = Pertusaria albescens albescens (Körb.) H.Magn. (Lecidea mollis v.) = Fuscidea mollis albescens Lettau (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes diacapsis albescens (Lettau) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Diploschistes scruposus ssp.) = Diploschistes diacapsis albescens Servít (Staurothele rufa f.) = Staurothele rufa albescens (Stizenb.) Bausch (Bacidia) = Bacidina phacodes albescens (Wahlenb.) Flot. (Imbricaria ambigua v.) = Parmeliopsis hyperopta albescens (Wahlenb.) Rabenh. (Parmelia diffusa v.) = Parmeliopsis hyperopta albescens (Wahlenb.) Schaer. (Parmelia ambigua v.) = Parmeliopsis hyperopta albescens Wahlenb. (Peltidea canina v.) = Peltigera canina albicans Arnold (Bilimbia) = Micarea peliocarpa albicans Jatta (Rhizocarpon petraeum v.) = Rhizocarpon petraeum albida (Arnold) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia albida albida (Asta & Cl.Roux) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Protoblastenia siebenhaariana ssp.) = Protoblastenia siebenhaariana albida Asta & Cl.Roux (Protoblastenia rupestris ssp.) = Protoblastenia siebenhaariana albida J.E.Lange (Omphalia umbellifera f.) = Omphalina ericetorum 55 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms albida (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca cinerea albida Taylor (Syncesia) = Syncesia myrticola albidicinerella (Vain.) Poelt & Vĕzda [comb.inval.] (Lecidella) = Lecidella effugiens albidicinerella Vain. [nom.nud.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella effugiens albidocarnea (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Bacidia fuscoviridis albidocarnea (Nyl.) Guillaumot (Toninia) = Bacidia fuscoviridis albidocarnea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidia fuscoviridis albidolivens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Micarea peliocarpa albidolivens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea peliocarpa albidorimosula (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina) = Rinodina alba albidorimosula Harm. (Lecanora) = Rinodina alba albidosorediosus Gyeln. (Bryopogon simplicior f.) = Bryoria simplicior albidula Gyeln. (Peltigera rufescens f.) = Peltigera rufescens albidum (Taylor) Leight. (Chiodecton) = Syncesia myrticola albilabra auct. (Lecidea) = Psora vallesiaca albilabra auct. [non (Dufour) Körb.] (Psora) = Psora vallesiaca albilabra Dufour [in Fr.] (Biatora) = Toninia albilabra albilabra (Dufour) Körb. [non auct.] (Psora) = Toninia albilabra albinea (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Physcia stellaris ssp.) = Physcia albinea albinea (Ach.) Torss. (Parmelia caesia v.) = Physcia albinea albinea Ach. (Parmelia) = Physcia albinea albinea Anzi (Physcia caesia v.) = Physcia magnussonii albinea (Anzi) H.Magn. [non (Ach.) Nyl.] (Physcia) = Physcia magnussonii albinea auct. [non Anzi] (Physcia caesia v.) = Physcia albinea albipes Vain. (Strongyleuma exertum ssp.) = Chaenothecopsis hospitans albissima Zschacke (Ochrolechia parella v.) = Ochrolechia parella albissimus (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes diacapsis alboater Hoffm. (Lichen) = Diplotomma alboatrum alboatra (Flörke) Nádv. (Chaenothecopsis) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla alboatra H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora cinerascens alboatra (Hoffm.) Norman (Abacina) = Diplotomma alboatrum alboatra (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. (Buellia) = Diplotomma alboatrum alboatrum Flörke (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla alboatrum (Hoffm.) Anzi (Rhizocarpon) = Diplotomma alboatrum albocaerulescens Wulfen [in Jacq.] (Lichen) = Porpidia albocaerulescens albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Ach. [nomen sed non planta] (Lecidea) = Porpidia albocaerulescens albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel (Huilia) = Porpidia albocaerulescens albocarnea (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Bacidia fuscoviridis albocarnea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecania hutchinsiae (Nyl.) A.L.Sm albociliata de Lesd. (Physcia setosa v.) = Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi albociliatum (Desm.) Jatta (Pseudoleptogium) = Leptochidium albociliatum albociliatum (Desm.) Nyl. (Collema) = Leptochidium albociliatum albociliatum (Desm.) Zahlbr. (Polychidium) = Leptochidium albociliatum albociliatum Desm. (Leptogium) = Leptochidium albociliatum albocincta J.Steiner (Lecanora contorta v.) = Aspicilia contorta albocincta Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Schismatomma albocinctum albocincta Th.Fr. (Buellia parasema v.) = Buellia insignis albocrenata (Arnold) Lettau (Gyalidea) = Gyalidea lecideopsis alboeffigurata Anzi (Squamaria) = Lecanora muralis (strain with psoromic acid) alboeffigurata (Anzi) Jatta (Lecanora) = Lecanora muralis (strain with psoromic acid) albofissa Servít (Verrucaria barrandei Servít f.) = Verrucaria sp. alboflava (Körb.) Arnold (Lecidea) = Lecidea sudetica Körb. alboflava Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidea sudetica Körb. alboflavescens A.Massal. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora chlarotera alboflavescens Vain. (Lecidea) = Porpidia albocaerulescens alboflavescens Wulfen [in Jacq.] (Lichen) = Ochrolechia alboflavescens alboflavescens (Wulfen) Flot. (Lecanora tartarea v.) = Ochrolechia alboflavescens albofuscescens (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Biatora) = Lecidea albofuscescens albohyalina (Nyl.) Bagl. & Carestia (Biatora) = Lecidea albohyalina albohyalina Nyl. (Lecidea anomala f.) = Lecidea albohyalina albolutescens (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. [non auct.eur.septentr.] (Placodium) = Caloplaca albolutescens albolutescens (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Callopisma) = Caloplaca albolutescens albolutescens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca albolutescens albomarginata (Cromb.) A.L.Sm. (Acarospora squamulosa f.) = Acarospora macrospora albomarginata de Lesd. (Toninia) = Toninia albilabra albomarginata (Nyl.) Cromb. (Lecanora) = Lecanora muralis albomarginatum (Nyl.) Szatala (Placodium) = Lecanora muralis albonigra (Schleich.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Physcia) = Physcia albinea albonigrum H.Magn. (Lempholemma) = Lempholemma cladodes alboplumbea Trevis. (Dimelaena) = Physcia caesia v. caesia albopruinosa (Arnold) H.Olivier (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca alociza albopruinosa (Arnold) Th.Fr. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca alociza albopulverulenta (Schaer.) Rabenh. (Lecanora muralis v.) = Lecanora muralis albopulverulentum (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Placodium) = Lecanora muralis alboradiata H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia alboradiata (H.Magn.) Oksner alboradicata de Lesd. (Lecidea) = Lecanora formosa alborubella (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia albidocarnea v.) = Lecania cuprea alborubella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia albidocarnea v.) = Lecania cuprea alborubra de Lesd. (Lecania) = Lecania rabenhorstii alborufidula (Hedl.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Biatora alborufidula (Hedl.) S.Ekman & Printzen alborufidula Hedl. (Lecidea) = Biatora alborufidula (Hedl.) S.Ekman & Printzen albosuffusa Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana albovirella (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia albidocarnea v.) = Lecania cuprea albuginosa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Lecidea albocoerulescens f.) = Porpidia glaucophaea albuginosa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia glaucophaea album Schaer. (Calicium stemoneum v.) = Chaenotheca stemonea alcicornis (Lightf.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia foliacea PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS alcicornis (Lightf.) Fr. (Cladonia) = Cladonia foliacea alcicornis (Lightf.) Schaer. (Cladonia foliacea v.) = Cladonia foliacea aleurites (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Imshaugia aleurites aleurites (Ach.) Nyl. (Parmeliopsis) = Imshaugia aleurites aleurites (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Cetraria) = Imshaugia aleurites aleurites (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Imbricaria) = Imshaugia aleurites aleurites Ach. (Lichen) = Imshaugia aleurites aleuritica Nyl. (Parmelia) = Arctoparmelia centrifuga algarbica Samp. (Arthonia) = Arthonia pruinata algarbiensis Cout. (Lecania) = Lecania rabenhorstii algerica J.Steiner (Gonohymenia) = Lichinella algerica (J.Steiner) Moreno & Egea algeriensis de Lesd. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia tinctina algeriensis Flagey (Physcia farrea v. pulverulenta f.) = Physconia grisea ssp. algeriensis algeriensis (Flagey) J.Steiner (Physcia grisea v.) = Physconia grisea ssp. algeriensis algeriensis Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuscoatra aliciae Hue (Crocynia) = Lepraria lobificans alienata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella asema aliena Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia aliena (Zahlbr.) Oksner allagaeuensis Gyeln. (Peltigera elisabethae f.) = Peltigera elisabethae allecta (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bacidia inundata ssp.) = Bacidina inundata allobata (Stizenb.) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Agonimia allobata allobata (Stizenb.) Zschacke (Polyblastia) = Agonimia allobata allobata Stizenb. (Verrucaria) = Agonimia allobata allochroa (Schaer.) Th.Fr. (Physcia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia distorta allochroa Schaer. (Parmelia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia distorta allosquamosa Hennipman (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa v. subsquamosa allothallina (Nyl.) Flagey (Buellia) = Dactylospora athallina (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner/F allothallina Nyl. (Lecidea) = Dactylospora athallina (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner/F allotropa Delise (Cenomyce) = Cladonia furcata alluviicola M.Choisy (Toninia) = Toninia physaroides almquistii H.Magn. (Biatorella) = Strangospora torvula (Nyl.) R.A.Anderson alni A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia persoonii v.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis alnicola Anzi (Biatora) = Lecidea erythrophaea alnicola (Anzi) Jatta (Lecidea) = Lecidea erythrophaea alnicola de Lesd. (Gyalecta) = Dimerella pineti alnophila Vain. (Physcia aipolia f.) = Physcia aipolia alociza (A.Massal.) Jatta (Lecaniella) = Caloplaca alociza alociza (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Sporoblastia) = Caloplaca alociza alociza (A.Massal.) Werner (Blastenia) = Caloplaca alociza alociza A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Caloplaca alociza alocizoides (Leight.) A.L.Sm. (Buellia) = Rinodina gennarii alocyza (Arnold) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa cazzae alpestre Flot. (Stereocaulon tomentosum v.) = Stereocaulon tomentosum alpestris (Ach.) Ozenda & Clauzade [nomen sed non planta] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca chalybaea alpestris auct. [non (L.) Nyl.] (Cladina) = Cladonia stellaris alpestris auct. [non (L.) Rabenh.] (Cladonia) = Cladonia stellaris alpestris (L.) Nyl. [non auct.] (Cladina) = Cladonia rangiferina alpestris (L.) Rabenh. [non auct.] (Cladonia) = Cladonia rangiferina 56 alpestris sensu Ozenda & Clauzade (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca variabilis alpestris Vĕzda (Porina faginea v.) = Strigula stigmatella v. alpestris (Vĕzda) Coppins alpestris (Vĕzda) Swinscow (Arthopyrenia faginea v.) = Strigula stigmatella v. alpestris (Vĕzda) Coppins alpestris Zahlbr. (Hypogymnia vittata v.) = Hypogymnia vittata ? alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Lobothallia alphoplaca alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Duby (Squamaria) = Lobothallia alphoplaca alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Leuckert & Poelt (Aspicilia) = Lobothallia alphoplaca alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora melanaspis v.) = Lobothallia alphoplaca alphoplaca Wahlenb. [in Ach.] (Parmelia) = Lobothallia alphoplaca alphoplacum (Wahlenb.) Link (Placodium) = Lobothallia alphoplaca alpicola Anzi (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon alpicola alpicola (Anzi) A.Massal. (Rhizocarpon geographicum v.) = Rhizocarpon alpicola alpicola (Anzi) Schaer. (Lecidea geographica v.) = Rhizocarpon alpicola alpicola (Anzi) Wahlenb. (Lecidea atrovirens v.) = Rhizocarpon alpicola alpicola (Flot.) Vain. (Cladonia) = Cladonia macrophylla alpicola (Th.Fr.) Hav. (Hypogymnia) = Allantoparmelia alpicola alpicola (Th.Fr.) Nyl. (Parmelia encausta v.) = Allantoparmelia alpicola alpicola Th.Fr. (Parmelia) = Allantoparmelia alpicola alpicola Wahlenb. (Alectoria lanata v.) = Pseudephebe pubescens alpicola Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria margacea alpigena Ach. (Lecanora varia v.) = Lecanora polytropa v. alpigena alpigena Poelt [nom.nud.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca sp. alpina [Anzi ex] Arnold (Lecanora varia v.) = Lecanora mughicola alpina (Arnold) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Protoblastenia siebenhaariana v.) = Protoblastenia siebenhaariana ? alpina (Arnold) Hertel (Lecidea speirea v.) = Porpidia speirea v. alpina (Arnold) Clauzade & Cl.Roux alpina (Bagl. & Carestia) Jatta (Sagedia) = Porina linearis ? alpina de Lesd. (Crocynia) = Lepraria cacuminum alpina (Fr) Arnold (Megalospora) = Mycoblastus affinis alpina (Fr.) Körb. (Aspicilia cinerea v.) = Aspilidea myrinii alpina Hav. [nom.inval.] (Alectoria jubata f.) = Bryoria chalybeiformis alpina [Metzler ex] Zschacke (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia albida alpina Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? alpina (Schaer.) A.L.Sm. (Bacidia flavovirescens v.) = Arthrorhaphis alpina alpina (Schaer.) Arnold (Rhaphiospora flavovirescens f.) = Arthrorhaphis alpina alpina (Schaer.) J.R.Laundon (Bacidia citrinella ssp.) = Arthrorhaphis alpina alpina (Schaer.) Poelt (Arthrorhaphis citrinella v.) = Arthrorhaphis alpina alpina (Schaer.) Rabenh. (Cornicularia aculeata v.) = Cetraria muricata alpina (Schaer.) Vain. (Bacidia) = Arthrorhaphis alpina alpina Schaer. (Cetraria aculeata v.) = Cetraria muricata 57 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms alpina Schaer. (Lecidea albocoerulescens v.) = Porpidia glaucophaea alpina Schaer. (Lecidea flavovirescens v.) = Arthrorhaphis alpina alpina (Sommerf.) Arnold (Aspicilia) = Bellemerea alpina alpina (Sommerf.) Syd. (Lecanora cinerea v.) = Bellemerea alpina alpina Sommerf. (Lecanora) = Bellemerea alpina alpina (Th.Fr.) Räsänen (Fulgensia bracteata v.) = Fulgensia bracteata alpina (Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca bracteata f.) = Fulgensia bracteata alpina Zschacke (Verrucaria hochstetteri v.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri alpina (Zschacke) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia albida alpinum (Laurer) Du Rietz (Stereocaulon paschale v.) = Stereocaulon alpinum alpinum (Laurer) Th.Fr. (Stereocaulon tomentosum v.) = Stereocaulon alpinum alpinum Th.Fr. (Placodium fulgens v.) = Fulgensia bracteata alpinus Britzelm. (Agaricus) = Omphalina alpina alpinus (Fr.) [Kernst. ex] Kerner (Mycoblastus) = Mycoblastus affinis alpinus (Fr.) Stein (Mycoblastus sanguinarius v.) = Mycoblastus affinis alpivaga Th.Fr. (Lecania) = Halecania alpivaga altaica (Gyeln.) Räsänen (Alectoria) = Bryoria nadvornikiana alumnula (Nyl.) Hertel (Lecidea umbonella v.) = Cecidonia xenophana alumnula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Cecidonia xenophana alutacea (Anzi) Jatta (Biatorina) = Toninia alutacea alutacea (Schaer.) Wallr. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria fuscella alutaceum Anzi (Thalloidima) = Toninia alutacea alvarensiformis Du Rietz (Cetraria juniperina v.) = Vulpicida tubulosus alvarensis (Wahlenb.) Torss. (Cetraria juniperina v.) = Vulpicida tubulosus alvarensis (Wahlenb.) Vain. [in Lynge] (Cetraria) = Vulpicida tubulosus amabilis Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca pellodella amara (Ach.) Rabenh. (Pertusaria communis v.) = Pertusaria amara amara Ach. (Variolaria) = Pertusaria amara amaroides Erichsen (Pertusaria dealbescens v.) = Pertusaria aspergilla amaura Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia gracilis amaurocraea Flörke (Capitularia) = Cladonia amaurocraea amaurospoda Anzi (Biatora) = Lecidea pullata amaurospoda (Anzi) Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidea pullata ambigua (A.Massal.) Jatta (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma ambigua (A.Massal.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidella elaeochroma ambigua A.Massal. (Biatora) = Lecidella elaeochroma ambigua (Ach.) Malme (Buellia) = Diplotomma alboatrum ambigua (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Buellia alboatra v.) = Diplotomma alboatrum ambigua Ach. (Lecidea) = Diplotomma alboatrum ambigua (Ehrh.) H.Olivier (Physcia aipolia v.) = Physcia stellaris ambigua (Wulfen) Ach. (Parmelia) = Parmeliopsis ambigua ambigua (Wulfen) S.L.F.Meyer (Foraminella) = Parmeliopsis ambigua ambiguum (Ach.) Arnold (Diplotomma epipolium v.) = Diplotomma alboatrum ambiguum (Ach.) Flagey (Diplotomma) = Diplotomma alboatrum ambiguum (Schaer.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon distinctum ambiguus Wulfen [in Jacq.] (Lichen) = Parmeliopsis ambigua amblyspora (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Lecania) = Lecania polycycla amblyspora Harm. (Lecanora) = Lecania polycycla ambrosianum (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Dermatocarpon) = Staurothele ambrosiana ambrosianum A.Massal. (Paraphysorma) = Staurothele ambrosiana ameibospora Hedl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria ameibospora (Hedl.) Zahlbr. ammiocola (Ach.) Arnold (Rinodina mniaraea f.) = Rinodina mniaraea v. mniaraea ammiospila (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca ammiospila ammiospila Wahlenb. [in Ach.] (Lecidea) = Caloplaca ammiospila ammiospiloides Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca athroocarpa ammiospilum (Wahlenb.) Jatta (Callopisma caesiorufum v.) = Caloplaca ammiospila ammotropha Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia intermutans ammotropha (Hue) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia intermutans amoena (Zahlbr.) Nádv. (Physcia) = Physconia venusta amota Arnold (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia albida ? amota (Arnold) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia albida ? ampezzana Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. amphibia Clemente (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura ? amphibila Fr. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon amphibium (Fr.) Th.Fr. amphibola sensu H.Magn. [non sensu Vain.] (Lecanora) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea amphibola sensu Vain. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia aquatica amphibola Wedd. (Acarospora) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula amphibolitica Räsänen (Rinodina milvina v.) = Rinodina parasitica amphiboliticum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geographicum amphiboloides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Staurothele) = Staurothele rugulosa amphineum [Ach. ex] Nyl. (Leptogium) = Leptogium byssinum amphineum auct. p.p. (Leptogium) = Leptogium subtile amphiplecta Stirt. (Lecidea) = Rimularia furvella (Mudd) Hertel & Rambold amphotera Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha niveoatra ampliata Ach. (Parmelia fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea ampliata (Ach.) Ach. (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea amplissima (Scop.) De Not. (Ricasolia) = Lobaria amplissima amplissima (Scop.) Rabenh. (Sticta) = Lobaria amplissima amplissima (Scop.) Schaer. (Parmelia) = Lobaria amplissima amplissimus Scop. (Lichen) = Lobaria amplissima ampsagana (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina calcarea v.) = Rinodina calcarea ampsagana Stizenb. (Lecanora calcarea v.) = Rinodina calcarea ampullacea (L.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Cetraria glauca f.) = Platismatia glauca ampullacea (Wallr.) Rabenh. (Parmelia ceratophylla v.) = Hypogymnia physodes ampullaceus L. (Lichen) = Platimatia glauca amygdali (A.Massal.) [Nyl. ex] Zwackh (Verrucaria) = Leptorhaphis amygdali amygdali (A.Massal.) Jatta (Sagedia) = Leptorhaphis amygdali amygdali (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Leptorhaphis amygdali PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS amygdali (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Leptorhaphis amygdali amygdali A.Massal. (Campylacia) = Leptorhaphis amygdali amylacea (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecanora marginata amylacea (Pers.) Arnold (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa amylacea amylaceum auct. [non A.Massal.] (Thelidium) = Thelidium decipiens amylaceus [Ehrh. ex] Pers. (Lichen) = Lecanographa amylacea amylocaule Lettau (Calicium) = Calicium lenticulare amylophora Lettau (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria dufourii ? anaequata (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria chiodectonoides analepta auct. p.p. (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis analeptella Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Arthopyrenia analepta analeptoides (Bagl. & Carestia) Hue (Verrucaria) = Mycomicrothelia macularis analeptoides (Bagl. & Carestia) Sacc. (Didymosphaeria) = Mycomicrothelia macularis analeptoides Bagl. & Carestia (Microthelia) = Mycomicrothelia macularis analeptoides (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Arthopyrenia) = Mycoporum antecellens analeptus Ach. (Lichen) = Arthopyrenia analepta anapera Vain. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon anaperum (Vain.) Vain. anastomosans (Ach.) Arnold (Arthothelium) = Arthothelium ruanum anastomosans Ach. (Arthonia astroidea v.) = Arthonia dispersa anceps Ach. (Lecidea alabastrina v.) = Bacidia rosella anceps Anzi (Bacidia) = Bacidia polychroa anceps (Kremp.) Servít (Polyblastia) = Verrucaria anceps andesitica Vĕzda [nom.nud.] (Micarea) = Micarea denigrata andraearum Th.Fr. (Arctomia delicatula ssp.) = Arctomia interfixa (Nyl.) Vain. andreaearum Th.Fr. (Arctomia delicatula v.) = Arctomia interfixa (Nyl.) Vain. andreae Poelt (Bryonora curvescens f.) = Bryonora curvescens ? andreana Müll.Arg. (Parmelia) = Flavopunctelia flaventior andrejevii Oksner (Cetraria) = Arctocetraria andrejevii (Oksner) Kärnefelt & Thell andrejewii Oksner (Cetraria) = Arctocetraria andrejewii (Oksner) Kärnefelt & Thell andrewii de Lesd. (Crocynia) = Lepraria lobificans androgynus Hoffm. (Lichen) = Ochrolechia androgyna anemoides Samp. (Collema) = Collema crispum ? angardiana Øvstedal (Lepraria) = Lepraria cacuminum angardianum (Øvstedal) J.R.Laundon (Leproloma) = Lepraria cacuminum anguina Mont. (Ustalia) = Graphina anguina (Mont.) Müll.Arg. anguinum (Mont.) Trevis. (Thalloloma) = Graphina anguina (Mont.) Müll.Arg. angulosa (A.Massal.) Jatta (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea angulosa A.Massal. (Ramalina polymorpha v.) = Ramalina fraxinea angulosa (Schreb.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Lecanora carpinea angulosa (Schreb.) Flot. (Lecanora albella v.) = Lecanora carpinea angulosa (Schreb.) Rabenh. (Lecanora pallida v.) = Lecanora carpinea angusta A.Massal. (Anaptychia ciliaris f.) = Anaptychia crinalis ? angustata (Arnold) Jatta (Lecanora concolor v.) = Lecanora orbicularis 58 angustata (Hoffm.) Ach. (Parmelia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia distorta angustata (Hoffm.) Leight. (Physcia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia distorta angustata (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Buellia epigaea v.) = Buellia elegans angustata Müll.Arg. (Diploicia epigaea v.) = Buellia elegans angustata Nyl. (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia aipolia angustatus Werner (Teloschistes villosus f.) = Teloschistes villosus angusticollis Anzi (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria sommerfeltii angustifolia Anzi (Imbricaria sinuosa v.) = Hypotrachyna revoluta angustifolia Gyeln. (Parmelia protomatrae f.) = Xanthoparmelia protomatrae angustifolia (Räsänen) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Physcia stellaris ssp.) = Physcia stellaris angustiphylla (Gyeln.) Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla angustiphylla Gyeln. (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla angustissima Anzi (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina subfarinacea angustissima (Anzi) Vain. (Ramalina) = Ramalina subfarinacea aniptiza (Stirt.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Micarea denigrata aniptiza Stirt. (Lecidea) = Micarea denigrata annexa Arnold (Secoliga) = Absconditella annexa annexa (Arnold) H.Olivier (Gyalecta) = Absconditella annexa annularis H.Magn. (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia heteromorpha annularis (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana annularis Müll.Arg. (Biatora) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana anomaea (Ach.) Ahti & P.James (Cladonia) = Cladonia ramulosa anomaea (Ach.) Cromb. (Cladonia degenerans v.) = Cladonia ramulosa anomaeus Ach. (Baeomyces) = Cladonia ramulosa anomala (A.Massal.) Jatta (Caloplaca aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca flavorubescens anomala A.Massal. (Bacidia) = Bacidina assulata anomala (Ach.) Fr. (Biatora) = Cliostomum griffithii anomala Ach. (Lecidea) = Cliostomum griffithii anomala (Harm.) Verseghy (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia pallescens anomala Leight. (Opegrapha) = Graphina ruiziana (Fée) Müll.Arg. anomala Zahlbr. (Buellia) = Rinodina anomala anomaliza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria picila anomaloides (A.Massal.) Jatta (Biatorina) = Lecidella anomaloides anomaloides (A.Massal.) Lettau (Catillaria) = Lecidella anomaloides anomaloides A.Massal. (Lecidea) = Lecidella anomaloides anomaloides auct. [non (A.Massal.) Lettau] (Catillaria) = Catillaria picila anomalum A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca flavorubescens anopta (Nyl.) Lettau (Lecidea) = Lecanora anopta antecellens (Nyl.) Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Mycoporum antecellens antecellens Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Mycoporum antecellens anterior (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Micarea anterior (Nyl.) Hedl. anterior Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea anterior (Nyl.) Hedl. anthelina (Ach.) Vain. (Physcia aipolia v.) = Physcia aipolia anthelinus Ach. (Lichen) = Physcia aipolia 59 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms anthracina Anzi (Buellia) = Lichenothelia scopularia anthracina (Anzi) Arnold (Microthelia) = Lichenothelia scopularia anthracina (Wulfen) Ach. (Gyrophora heteroidea v.) = Umbilicaria polyphylla anthracina (Wulfen) Hoffm. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria polyphylla anthracina (Wulfen) Körb. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria polyphylla anthracophila (Nyl.) Hafellner (Biatora) = Hypocenomyce anthracophila (Nyl.) P.James & Gotth.Schneid. anthracophila Nyl. (Lecidea) = Hypocenomyce anthracophila (Nyl.) P.James & Gotth.Schneid. antiloga (Stirt.) M.Choisy (Lecidella) = Lecidea antiloga antiloga (Stirt.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Lecidea antiloga antipolitana Nyl. (Bacillina) = Toninia physaroides antiquitatis (L.) Ach. (Lepraria) = ? antiquitatis L. (Byssus) = ? antonelliana (Bagl. & Carestia) Servít (Involucrothele) = Thelidium antonellianum antrophila [Larbal. ex] Leight. (Lecidea) = Micarea lutulata antrophila (Leight.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Micarea lutulata anularis Clauzade & Poelt (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca scrobiculata anziana (Garov.) Servít (Polyblastia) = Verrucaria latebrosa ? anziana Garov. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria latebrosa ? anziana H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora badiofusca ssp. badiofusca anziana Lynge (Bacidia) = Arthrorhaphis vacillans anziana (Lynge) Poelt (Arthrorhaphis) = Arthrorhaphis vacillans anziana Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea pullata anzianioides H.Magn. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria arctica Lynge anzianum Garov. [nom.illegit. non Dermatocarpon anzianum Servít] (Endocarpon) = Placidiopsis dermatocarpoides anzianum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon tinei anzianum Servít (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria sphaerospora anzianus Müll.Arg. (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon effiguratum aoristoides I.M.Lamb (Thrombium) = Thrombium epigaeum aparallacta A.Massal. (Bilimbia) = Lecania naegelii apatela A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria apatela apenninica Sambo (Ramalina canaliculata v.) = Ramalina fraxinea aphana Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria aphana aphanoides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Carbonea intrusa aphthoides Flagey [nom.superfl.] (Arthonia) = Arthonia caesiella aphthosa Flagey (Arthonia) = Arthonia caesiella aphthosa (L.) Ach. (Peltidea) = Peltigera aphthosa aphthosus L. (Lichen) = Peltigera aphthosa apiahica (Müll.Arg.) Sérus. (Woessia) = Bacidina apiahica apiahica (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Bacidina apiahica apiahica Müll.Arg. (Patellaria) = Bacidina apiahica apochroea Ach. (Lecanora) = Lecanora saligna apochroeiza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Biatora subduplex apoda Nyl. (Cladonia) = Pycnothelia papillaria apolepta (Ach.) Mölholm Hansen & M.Lund (Cladonia) = Cladonia coniocraea apomelaena A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria apomelaena aponina (A.Massal.) Arnold (Lecanactis) = Dirina massiliensis f. aponina aponina A.Massal. (Pyrenothea) = Dirina massiliensis f. aponina aporea (Nyl.) Triebel (Hymenobiella) = Hymenobia aporea (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. & O.E.Erikss. [in O.E.Erikss.]/F aporea Nyl. (Psora) = Hymenobia aporea (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. & O.E.Erikss. [in O.E.Erikss.]/F apotheciorum (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Conida) = Arthonia clemens apotheciorum (A.Massal.) Almq. (Arthonia) = Arthonia clemens apotheciorum A.Massal. (Sphaeria) = Arthonia clemens applanata (Fr.) Leight. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri applanata Fr. (Lecidea atroalba v.) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri applanata Zwackh [nom.nud.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria margacea applanatum (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri applanatum H.Magn. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon lichenicola applanatus ([Fr. ex] Th.Fr.) Arnold (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri aprina (Nyl.) Nyl. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria aprina aptrotii Sérus. (Byssoloma) = Byssoloma kakouettae apyospora A.Massal. (Lecidea platycarpa v.) = Farnoldia hypocrita aquale Arnold (Leptogium pusillum v.) = Leptogium aquale (Arnold) M.Jørg. aquatica (Körb.) Flot. (Zeora cinerea v.) = Aspicilia aquatica aquatica (Körb.) Hepp (Lecanora) = Aspicilia aquatica aquatica Stein (Gongylia) = Sagediopsis aquatica (Stein) Triebel/F aquatica (Stein) Riedl (Belonia) = Sagediopsis aquatica (Stein) Triebel/F aquaticum (Weis.) Gärtner (Endocarpon) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. luridum aquaticum (Weis.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. luridum aquila (Ach.) A.Massal. (Anaptychia) = Anaptychia runcinata aquila (Ach.) Hue (Pseudophyscia) = Anaptychia runcinata aquila (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia) = Anaptychia runcinata aquila Ach. (Parmelia) = Anaptychia runcinata aquilella Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aethiobola aquilina Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecanora psarophana v.) = Protoparmelia montagnei arabum auct.eur. (Ramalina) = Ramalina implexa aractina (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca cerina v.) = Caloplaca aractina aractina Fr. (Parmelia) = Caloplaca aractina aractina Wahlenb. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura aradensis Gyeln. (Pseudoparmelia) = Cetrelia olivetorum araratica Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina arborea (DC.) Körb. (Ochrolechia tartarea v.) = Ochrolechia androgyna arborea Jatta (Chlorea soleirolii v.) = Lethariella intricata arborea Kreyer (Variolaria lactea v.) = Ochrolechia arborea arborea (Kreyer) Zahlbr. (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia arborea arboricola Jatta (Chlorea) = Lethariella intricata arboricola (Jatta) Jatta (Neuropogon) = Lethariella intricata arboricola (Jatta) Jatta (Usnea) = Lethariella intricata arbuscula Motyka (Usnea florida ssp.) = Usnea florida arbuscula (Wallr.) Hale & W.L.Culb. (Cladina) = Cladonia arbuscula arbuscula (Wallr.) Wallr. (Patellaria) = Cladonia arbuscula arbuscula Wallr. (Patellaria foliacea v.) = Cladonia arbuscula arbuti (Bagl.) Jatta (Bacidia) = Pachyphiale arbuti arbuti Bagl. (Bacidiopsis) = Pachyphiale arbuti arceutica Körb. (Biatorina) = Catinaria atropurpurea arceutina (Ach.) Gray (Lecidea) = Bacidia arceutina arceutina Ach. (Lecidea luteola v.) = Bacidia arceutina arceutinella Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Bacidina delicata arceutinoides Anzi (Bilimbia) = Bacidina delicata arceutinoides Anzi [nom.nud.] (Biatora) = Bacidina delicata PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS archaea (Ach.) Harm. (Lecanora) = Rinodina archaea archaea Ach. (Parmelia sophodes v.) = Rinodina archaea archaeoides H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina olivaceobrunnea arctica Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria arctica arctica H.Magn. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca tiroliensis arctica Lynge (Catillaria) = Toninia philippea arctica Lynge (Crocynia) = Leproloma vouauxii arctica Lynge (Lecania) = Caloplaca diphyodes arctica Lynge (Lecanora) = Aspicilia arctica (Lynge) Oksner arctica (Lynge) H.Magn. (Ionaspis epulotica v.) = Ionaspis arctica Lynge arctica (Lynge) Wetmore (Lepraria) = Leproloma vouauxii arctica Malme (Gyalecta) = Gyalidea scutellaris arctica (Sommerf.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Frutidella caesioatra arctica Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Frutidella caesioatra arcticum Lynge (Collema) = Collema ceraniscum arcticum Runemark (Rhizocarpon tinei ssp.) = Rhizocarpon geographicum ssp. arcticum arcticus L. (Lichen) = Nephroma arcticum (L.) Torss. arctogena (Th.Fr.) H.Olivier (Lecidea) = Calvitimela testaceoatra (Vain.) Hafellner & Türk arctogena Th.Fr. (Lecidea armeniaca ssp.) = Calvitimela testaceoatra (Vain.) Hafellner & Türk arctooides Hellb. (Biatora) = Lecidella stigmatea arctophila (Th.Fr.) Malme (Parmeliella) = Santessoniella arctophila (Th.Fr.) Hennsen arctophila Th.Fr. (Pannaria) = Santessoniella arctophila (Th.Fr.) Henssen arcuatula Arnold (Lecidea) = Fuscidea recensa arcularum (Harm.) Lettau (Buellia) = Buellia ocellata arcularum Harm. (Lecidea) = Buellia ocellata ardesiacum Bagl. & Carestia (Thelidium) = Polyblastia ardesiaca arenaria (A.Massal.) Vain. (Coniocybopsis) = Microcalicium arenarium arenaria auct. (Letharia) = Evernia prunastri arenaria auct. [non (Hepp) Arnold] (Rinodina) = Rinodina teichophila arenaria auct. [non (Retz.) Fr.] (Evernia) = Evernia prunastri arenaria auct. p.p. [non (Pers.) Müll.Arg.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca erythrocarpa arenaria auct.ital. p.p. [non (Pers.) Müll.Arg.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca teicholyta arenaria (Hampe) Jatta (Polyblastia) = Protothelenella corrosa arenaria (Hepp) Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodina tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre arenaria (Körb.) Stein (Opegrapha rupestris v.) = Opegrapha gyrocarpa arenaria Körb. (Opegrapha gyrocarpa v.) = Opegrapha gyrocarpa arenaria (Pers.) A.Massal. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca arenaria arenaria Räsänen (Toninia) = Toninia sedifolia arenaria sensu A.Massal. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca erythrocarpa arenarium (A.Massal.) Körb. (Calicium) = Microcalicium arenarium arenarium auct. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca erythrocarpa arenarium [Hampe ex] A.Massal. (Cyphelium) = Microcalicium arenarium arenarius (Ach.) Müll.Arg. (Diploschistes scruposus v.) = Diploschistes muscorum arenarius Pers. (Lichen) = Caloplaca arenaria arenarum de Lesd. (Staurothele) = Staurothele hymenogonia arenicola Elenkin (Saccomorpha) = Placynthiella uliginosa arenicola (Mudd) A.L.Sm. (Bacidia flavovirescens v.) = Arthrorhaphis grisea arenicola (Mudd) H.Olivier (Bacidia) = Arthrorhaphis grisea 60 arenicola (Mudd) Sacc. & D.Sacc. (Mycobacidia) = Arthrorhaphis grisea arenicola [Nyl. ex] Mudd (Raphiospora) = Arthrorhaphis grisea arenicola Vain. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon citrum areniseda A.L.Sm. (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema arenisedum arenzanoense Servít (Involucrocarpon) = Verrucaria sp. arenzanoensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. areolata A.Massal. (Bilimbia cuprea v.) = Lecania cuprea areolata (Ach.) A.Massal. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria pertusa v. rupestris areolata Ach. (Porina pertusa v.) = Pertusaria pertusa v. rupestris areolata Ach. (Pyrenula) = Staurothele areolata areolata ([Flot. ex] Fr.) Syd.) (Lecidea parasema v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma areolata H.Magn. (Catillaria) = Toninia philippea areolata senzu Vĕzda (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca xerica areolata (Zahlbr.) Clauzade (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca spalatensis areolata Zahlbr. (Caloplaca cerina v.) = Caloplaca spalatensis areolatum de Lesd. (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria sp. ? areolatum (Fr.) Körb. (Rhizocarpon montagnei v.) = Rhizocarpon disporum areolatus (Flot.) Körb. (Porocyphus) = Porocyphus coccodes argena Spreng. (Parmelia) = Phlyctis argena argena (Spreng.) Turner (Variolaria) = Phlyctis argena argenum (Spreng.) Hepp (Thelotrema) = Phlyctis argena argentata Ach. (Parmelia subfusca v.) = Lecanora argentata argillacea Anzi (Aspicilia) = Eiglera flavida argillacea Fr. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria muralis ? argillacea (Kremp.) Hedl. (Lecidea uliginosa v.) = Placynthiella uliginosa argillacea Kremp. (Biatora fuliginosa v.) = Placynthiella uliginosa argillaceus Bellardi (Lichen) = ? argillicola Suza (Lecanora crenulata v.) = Lecanora crenulata argillosus (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Diploschistes scruposus f.) = Diploschistes muscorum argilospila (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema argilospilum argopholis (Ach.) Brusse (Schistoplaca) = Lecanora argopholis argopholis (Ach.) Link (Lecanora frustulosa v.) = Lecanora argopholis argopholis Ach. (Parmelia atra v.) = Lecanora argopholis argyphaea (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia distorta argyphaea Ach. (Parmelia) = Physconia distorta armeniaca (DC.) A.Massal. (Psora) = Calvitimela armeniaca armeniaca (DC.) Anzi (Psora spectabilis v.) = Calvitimela armeniaca armeniaca (DC.) Bagl. (Lecidella) = Calvitimela armeniaca armeniaca (DC.) Fr. (Lecidea) = Calvitimela armeniaca armeniaca (DC.) Hertel & Rambold (Tephromela) = Calvitimela armeniaca armeniacum DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Rhizocarpon) = Calvitimela armeniaca armeniacus (DC.) Trevis. (Oedemocarpus) = Calvitimela armeniaca armoricana Leight. [non Nyl.] (Arthonia) = Arthonia astroidestra armorica (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. (Ramalina siliquosa v.) = Ramalina cuspidata Nyl. arnoldiana Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Lecidea) = Lecidea swartzioidea 61 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms arnoldiana (Hepp) Körb. (Psorotichia) = Lemmopsis arnoldiana arnoldiana (Körb.) Sérus. & Diederich (Woessia) = Bacidina arnoldiana arnoldiana Körb. (Bacidia) = Bacidina arnoldiana arnoldiana (Servít & Cernoh.) Servít & Poelt (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca coccinea arnoldiana Servít & Cernoh. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca coccinea arnoldiana Zahlbr. (Usnea) = Usnea cavernosa arnoldianum Hepp [in Arnold] (Physma) = Lemmopsis arnoldiana arnoldianus (Hepp) Trevis. (Pyrenocarpus) = Lemmopsis arnoldiana arnoldii Du Rietz (Parmelia) = Parmotrema arnoldii arnoldii (Heufl.) Arnold (Porocyphus) = Psorotichia tiroliensis Zahlbr. arnoldii Heufl. [non Körb.] (Psorotichia) = Psorotichia tiroliensis Zahlbr. arnoldii (J.Steiner) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Verrucaria hochstetteri v.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri ? arnoldii J.Steiner (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria hochstetteri ? arnoldii (Kremp.) Th.Fr. (Catillaria) = Catillaria minuta arnoldii Kremp. (Biatorina) = Catillaria minuta arnoldii Lynge [non (Kremp.) Nyl.] (Lecidea) = Lecidea lyngei Degel. arnoldii Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea lapponica arnoldii Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geographicum arnoldii (Servít) Hafellner & Türk (Hafellia) = Buellia arnoldii arnoldii (Wedd.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium murorum f.) = Caloplaca arnoldii arnoldii (Wedd.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca saxicola ssp.) = Caloplaca arnoldii arnoldii Wedd. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca arnoldii arnoldii Zahlbr. (Arthopyrenia) = Arthopyrenia analepta ? aromatica (Sm.) Jatta (Bilimbia) = Toninia aromatica aromaticus Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Lichen) = Toninia aromatica arridens (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Trapelia coarctata arridens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Trapelia coarctata arthonioidea (Nyl.) Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha durieui arthonioidea Nyl. (Opegrapha grumulosa v.) = Opegrapha durieui arthonioides (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Melanotheca) = Tomasellia arthonioides arthonioides (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Pyrenula) = Tomasellia arthonioides arthonioides A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Tomasellia arthonioides arthonioides (Ach.) Fr. (Trachylia) = Arthonia arthonioides arthonioides Ach. (Lecidea) = Arthonia arthonioides arthonioides (Fée) Nyl. (Melaspilea) = Melaspilea urceolata arthonioides (Fée) Stein (Poetschia) = Melaspilea urceolata arthonioides Leight. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra arthoniza (Nyl.) Zahlbr. [nomen sed non planta] (Bacidia) = Arthonia intexta arthoniza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea articulata (Bagl.) J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca circumalbata v. candida articulata Bagl. (Rinodina) = Caloplaca circumalbata v. candida articulatus L. (Lichen) = Usnea articulata artyta Ach. (Lecidea) = Psorinia conglomerata ascaridiella (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bacidia) = Spirographa fusisporella (Nyl.) Zahlbr./F ascaridosporum (A.Massal.) Degel. (Collema) = Collema fasciculare ascaridosporum A.Massal. (Lethagrium) = Collema fasciculare ascaridosporus (A.Massal.) Zwackh (Synechoblastus) = Collema fasciculare asema Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella asema asiae-centralis H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Toninia tristis ssp. asiaecentralis asotea (Ach.) Arnold (Cladonia coccifera v.) = Cladonia coccifera asotea (Ach.) Flörke (Capitularia) = Cladonia coccifera asotea Ach. (Cenomyce coccifera v.) = Cladonia coccifera aspera (A.Massal.) Körb. (Imbricaria) = Melanelia exasperata aspera A.Massal. (Parmelia) = Melanelia exasperata aspera Flörke (Cladonia gracilis v.) = Cladonia gracilis ssp. gracilis asperata Garov. (Verrucaria cryptarum v.) = Thelidium incavatum asperella (Ach.) A.Massal. (Toninia) = Placynthium asperellum asperella Flörke (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa asperella Stirt. (Lecidea) = Carbonea vorticosa asperellum Ach. (Collema) = Placynthium asperellum aspergilla Ach. (Variolaria) = Pertusaria aspergilla aspersa A.Massal. (Parmelia) = Melanelia exasperata aspersa Borrer [in Hook. & Sowerby] (Lecanora) = Rinodina aspersa aspersa (Borrer) P.James (Buellia) = Rinodina aspersa aspersa Leight. (Arthonia) = Arthonia arthonioides aspersella Leight. (Arthonia) = Arthonia didyma asperula Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. aspiciliae Vain. (Verrucaria) = Sagediopsis aspiciliae (Vain.) Nik.Hoffm. & Hafellner/F aspiciliae Zehetl. [non (J.Lahm) Stizenb. nec Vain.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aspiciliicola aspicilioidea Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia aspicilioidea (Th.Fr.) R.Sant. aspicilioides (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia aspicilioidea (Th.Fr.) R.Sant. aspicilioides Samp. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria chiodectonoides aspidota (Ach.) Poetsch (Parmelia) = Melanelia exasperata aspidota Ach. (Imbricaria) = Melanelia exasperata aspidula Kremp. (Lecidea) = Ramboldia petraeoides aspratile (Ach.) Henssen (Placynthium) = Placynthium asperellum asserculorum Ach. [nom.nud.] (Lecidea) = Micarea misella asserculorum Stizenb. (Scoliciosporum umbrinum v.) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum asserigena (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca assigena assigena [J.Lahm ex] Arnold (Blastenia) = Caloplaca assigena assimilata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea assimilata assimilis [Hampe ex] Körb. (Lecidella) = Carbonea assimilis assimilis (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Carbonea assimilis assimilis (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Psora) = Carbonea assimilis assimulans (Nyl.) Forssell (Psorotichia) = Pterygiopsis coracodiza (Nyl.) Henssen ? associata Norman (Melaspilea) = Arthonia leucopellaea associata (Th.Fr.) Sacc. & D.Sacc. (Nesolechia) = Geltingia associata (Th.Fr.) Alstrup & D.Hawksw./F associata Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Geltingia associata (Th.Fr.) Alstrup & D.Hawksw./F assulata (Körb.) Vĕzda (Bacidia) = Bacidina assulata assulata Körb. (Bacidia rubella v.) = Bacidina assulata astroidea (Ach.) Schaer. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Arthonia radiata astroidea Ach. (Arthonia) = Arthonia radiata astroidea auct. [non (Clem.) Nyl.] (Physcia) = Physcia clementei PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS astroites (Ach.) A.Massal. (Arthonia vulgaris v.) = Arthonia radiata astroites Ach. (Lichen) = Arthonia radiata asyndeta Nyl. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea asyndeta (Nyl.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda ater Huds. (Lichen) = Tephromela atra v. atra aterrima (Anzi) Garov. (Anzia) = Lichenothelia scopularia aterrima (Anzi) Norman (Microthelia) = Lichenothelia scopularia aterrima [Kremp. ex] Anzi (Rinodina) = Lichenothelia scopularia athallina Bagl. & Carestia (Sagedia) = Porina chlorotica athallina Hepp (Biatora) = Toninia athallina athallina (Hepp) Hafellner (Kiliasia) = Toninia athallina athallina (Hepp) Hellb. (Catillaria) = Toninia athallina athallina (Hepp) Lynge (Catinaria) = Toninia athallina athalloides Nyl. [in Puel] (Lopadium) = Gyalideopsis athalloides athrocarpoides Vain. (Lecidea) = Immersaria athroocarpa athroocarpa (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Immersaria athroocarpa athroocarpa (Ach.) Arnold (Lecidella) = Immersaria athroocarpa athroocarpa (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Amygdalaria) = Immersaria athroocarpa athroocarpa (Ach.) Hertel & Rambold (Porpidia) = Immersaria athroocarpa athroocarpa Anzi (Gyalolechia) = Caloplaca athroocarpa athroocarpa Anzi [sec.descr.] (Psora ostreata v.) = Hypocenomyce friesii athroocarpa (Anzi) Arnold (Blastenia) = Caloplaca athroocarpa athroocarpa (Nyl.) Trevis. (Lecania) = Lecania nylanderiana athroocarpon (Anzi) Bagl. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca athroocarpa athroocarpus Ach. (Lichen) = Immersaria athroocarpa atlantica (Ach.) Follmann (Tornabeniopsis) = Tornabea scutellifera atlantica (Ach.) Kurok. (Tornabenia) = Tornabea scutellifera atlantica (Ach.) Østhagen (Tornabea) = Tornabea scutellifera atlantica Ach. (Parmelia) = Tornabea scutellifera atlantica Degel. (Parmeliella) = Degelia atlantica atlantica Gyeln. (Heppia) = Heppia lutosa atlantica Gyeln. [nom.illegit.] (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa atlantica (H.Magn.) P.James & Poelt (Fuscidea) = Fuscidea intercincta (Nyl.) Poelt [in Poelt & Buschardt] atlantica (H.Magn.) Räsänen (Aspicilia) = Fuscidea intercincta (Nyl.) Poelt [in Poelt & Buschardt] atlantica W.Culb. (Ramalina) = Ramalina cuspidata Nyl. atlanticum I.M.Lamb (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon richardii atlanticum I.M.Lamb (Stereocaulon meyeri ssp.) = Stereocaulon atlanticum (I.M.Lamb) I.M.Lamb atomaria (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Naevia) = Arthonia punctiformis atomaria A.Massal. (Arthonia) = Arthonia punctiformis atomaria (Ach.) A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia persoonii f.) = Leptorhaphis atomaria atomaria (Ach.) Ach. (Verrucaria punctiformis v.) = Leptorhaphis atomaria atomaria (Ach.) Anzi (Arthopyrenia punctiformis v.) = Leptorhaphis atomaria atomaria (Ach.) Jatta (Arthopyrenia analepta v.) = Leptorhaphis atomaria atomaria (Ach.) Keissl. (Mycomicrothelia) = Leptorhaphis atomaria atomaria (Ach.) Körb. [non auct.] (Microthelia) = Leptorhaphis atomaria 62 atomaria (Ach.) Müll.Arg. (Arthopyrenia) = Leptorhaphis atomaria atomaria (Ach.) Schaer. (Verrucaria epidermidis v.) = Leptorhaphis atomaria atomaria (Ach.) Szatala (Didymella) = Leptorhaphis atomaria atomaria (Ach.) Trevis. (Leiophloea punctiformis v.) = Leptorhaphis atomaria atomaria (Ach.) Vain. (Campylacia) = Leptorhaphis atomaria atomaria auct. [non (Ach.) Keissl.] (Mycrothelia) = Mycomicrothelia melanospora atomarioides Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Catillaria atomarioides atomarium (Ach.) Fr. (Calicium) = Microcalicium disseminatum atomarium Ach. (Cyphelium) = Microcalicium disseminatum atomarius Ach. (Lichen) = Leptorhaphis atomaria atra (Huds.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Tephromela atra v. atra atrata (Ach.) Wahlenb. (Lecidea) = Tremolecia atrata atrata Ach. (Gyalecta) = Tremolecia atrata atrata Garov. (Verrucaria conoidea v.) = Acrocordia conoidea atrata Hue (Acarospora) = Acarospora impressula ? atrata (Sm.) Anzi (Buellia) = Orphniospora moriopsis atrata (Sm.) Poelt (Orphniospora) = Orphniospora moriopsis atricapilla Anzi (Parmelia speciosa v.) = Phaeophyscia hispidula atricolor Stirt. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha ochrocheila atriseda (Fr.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia atriseda atriseda Fr. (Parmelia badia v.) = Protoparmelia atriseda atriuscula H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica atrofulva atroalbella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia aethalea atroalbescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeoides atroalbicans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon polycarpum atroalbum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon simillimum ? atroalbum sensu Arnold (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon distinctum atrobadia (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Buellia badioatra v.) = Rhizocarpon polycarpum atrobrunnea (Lam. & DC.) A.Massal. (Psora) = Lecidea atrobrunnea atrobrunnea (Lam. & DC.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidea atrobrunnea atrobrunneum [Ramond ex] Lam. & DC. (Rhizocarpon) = Lecidea atrobrunnea atrocaeruleum (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Leptogium) = Leptogium lichenoides atrocaeruleum (Schaer.) Rabenh. (Collema) = Leptogium lichenoides atrocarpoides Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidea paupercula Th.Fr. atrocervina Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidea praenubila atrocinerea Anzi (Buellia lactea v.) = Buellia uberior atrocinerea (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Buellia) = Buellia uberior atrocinerea (Hook.) Stein (Rinodina confragosa v.) = Rinodina atrocinerea atrocinerea Hook. (Lecidea) = Rinodina atrocinerea atrocinerea (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Aspicilia) = Miriquidica griseoatra atrocinerea (Schaer.) Vain. (Lecidea) = Schaereria fuscocinerea atrocinerea Schaer. (Lecanora varia v.) = Lecanora subintricata atrocinerella (Nyl.) Boistel (Rinodina) = Buellia atrocinerella atrocinerella Nyl. (Lecanora) = Buellia atrocinerella atrocyanescens Th.Fr. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca atrocyanescens (Th.Fr.) H.Olivier atroferrata Branth & Grønlund (Lecidea) = Tremolecia atrata atroflava Turner (Lecidea) = Caloplaca atroflava 63 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms atroflavum (Turner) A.L.Sm. (Placodium) = Caloplaca atroflava atrofulva Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica atrofulva atrofusca [de Lesd. ex] Maheu & Werner (Lecanora) = Lecanora pseudistera atrofusca [Flörke ex] Hepp (Biatora) = Mycobilimbia hypnorum atrofusca (Hepp) Mudd (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia hypnorum atrofusca (Hepp) Stein (Biatora fusca v.) = Mycobilimbia hypnorum atrofusca (Schaer.) Cromb. (Parmelia) = Brodoa atrofusca atrofusca (Schaer.) Hasselrot (Parmelia intestiniformis v.) = Brodoa atrofusca atrofusca (Schaer.) Poelt (Hypogymnia intestiniformis v.) = Brodoa atrofusca atrofusca (Schaer.) Räsänen (Hypogymnia) = Brodoa atrofusca atrofusca Schaer. (Parmelia ceratophylla v.) = Brodoa atrofusca atrofuscella Nyl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia didyma atrogrisea ([Delise ex] Hepp) Körb. (Biatora) = Bacidia laurocerasi atrogrisea ([Delise ex] Hepp) Körb. [non Th.Fr.] (Bacidia) = Bacidia laurocerasi atrogrisea ([Delise ex] Hepp) Samp. (Lecidea) = Bacidia laurocerasi atronivea Arnold (Lecidea) = Carbonea atronivea atroplumbeum Hue (Collema) = Collema flaccidum atropruinosa Schaer. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria leiocarpa atropurpurea (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Catinaria atropurpurea atropurpurea (Schaer.) Hepp (Biatora) = Catinaria atropurpurea atropurpurea (Schaer.) Th.Fr. (Catillaria) = Catinaria atropurpurea atropurpurea Schaer. (Lecidea sphaeroides v.) = Catinaria atropurpurea atrorimalis Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha culmigena atrorubens (Fr.) Arnold (Lecidea parasema v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma atrorufa (Dicks.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecidoma demissum atrorufa (Dicks.) Hook. (Psora) = Lecidoma demissum atrorufa (Dicks.) Körb. (Biatora) = Lecidoma demissum atrorufella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea turficola (Hellb.) Th.Fr. atrosanguinea A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis ? atrosanguinea (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. (Lecidea vulgata v.) = Lecidella anomaloides atrosanguinea (Schaer.) Anzi (Bacidia) = Bacidia incompta atrosanguinea (Schaer.) Th.Fr. [non (Hoffm.) Nyl.] (Lecidea) = Bacidia incompta atrosanguinea (Sommerf.) A.Massal. (Biatorella immersa v.) = Sarcogyne privigna atrosanguinea Sommerf. (Lecidea immersa v.) = Sarcogyne privigna atrosulphureus Wahlenb. (Lichen) = Lecanora atrosulphurea (Wahlenb.) Ach. atroumbrina H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea atroumbrina (H.Magn.) Poelt, Vĕzda & V.Wirth [in V.Wirth] atrovirellum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon viridiatrum atrovirens auct. p.p. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon lecanorinum atrovirens (Dillwyn) Gray (Girardia) = Ephebe lanata atrovirens (L.) A.Massal. (Rhizocarpon geographicum v.) = Rhizocarpon geographicum atrovirens (L.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon geographicum atrovirens (L.) Schaer. (Lecidea geographica v.) = Rhizocarpon geographicum atrovirens L. (Lichen) = Rhizocarpon geographicum atroviride Körb. (Calicium) = Calicium lenticulare atroviridis Arnold (Lecidella turgidula v.) = Biatora ocelliformis atroviridis (Arnold) Hellb. (Biatora) = Biatora ocelliformis atroviridis (Arnold) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Biatora ocelliformis atrynea (Ach.) H.Magn. (Lecanora cenisia v.) = Lecanora cenisia atrynea (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora cenisia atrynea Ach. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora cenisia attenuata Hall (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera polydactyla attica H.Mayrhofer & Poelt (Rinodina) = Rinodina occulta auerswaldii [Hepp ex] Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Bacidia auerswaldii augustana Tosco (Usnea) = Usnea sp. augustinii Erichsen (Lecanora) = Lecanora rubicunda aurantiaca auct. [non (Lightf.) Th.Fr.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca flavorubescens aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th.Fr. [non auct.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca ferruginea aurantiaca Timpe (Rinodina mniaraea v.) = Rinodina mniaraea aurantia (Pers.) Syd. (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca aurantia aurantius (Pers.) Müll.Arg. (Amphiloma) = Caloplaca aurantia aurantius Pers. (Lichen) = Caloplaca aurantia aurata Ach. (Sticta) = Pseudocyphellaria aurata aurata (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca lactea f.) = Caloplaca crenulatella aurata (Kremp.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca flavorubescens auratum Anzi (Placodium citrinum v.) = Caloplaca xantholyta aurea Eitn. [non (Schaer.) Schaer.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora subaurea aurea (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Gyalolechia) = Caloplaca aurea aurea Schaer. (Lecidea) = Caloplaca aurea aurella (Hoffm.) A.L.Sm. (Candelariella vitellina v.) = Candelariella aurella aurella (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecanora vitellina v.) = Candelariella aurella aurella (Hoffm.) Ach. (Parmelia murorum v.) = Candelariella aurella aurella (Hoffm.) Körb. (Gyalolechia) = Candelariella aurella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. (Candelariella vitellina f.) = Candelariella aurella aurella Hoffm. (Verrucaria) = Candelariella aurella aureola auct. [non (Ach.) Erichsen] (Xanthoria) = Xanthoria calcicola aureum (Schaer.) Müll.Arg. (Thalloidima) = Caloplaca aurea auricularis Werner (Lecanora) = Aspicilia esculenta auriculata (Hoffm.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Collema auriforme auriculatum (Hoffm.) A.L.Sm. (Collema granosum v.) = Collema auriforme auriculatum Hoffm. (Collema) = Collema auriforme auriformis With. (Riccia) = Collema auriforme auruntii (A.Massal.) Kremp. (Thelidium) = Thelidium pyrenophorum auruntii (A.Massal.) Servít (Involucrothele) = Thelidium pyrenophorum auruntii A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium pyrenophorum austera Nyl. (Lecanora) = Fuscidea austera austerodes Nyl. (Parmelia) = Hypogymnia austerodes austerula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia aromatica australis Arnold (Physcia) = Caloplaca australis australis (Arnold) J.Steiner (Gyalolechia) = Caloplaca australis australis (Arnold) Poelt (Fulgensia) = Caloplaca australis australis (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Candelariella) = Caloplaca australis PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS australis (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca australis austriaca (Körb.) Hafellner (Pseudosagedia) = Porina austriaca austriaca Körb. (Sagedia) = Porina austriaca austriaca Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecania cyrtella austriaca Zahlbr. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea azurea (Kremp.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidea tessellata v. caesia azurea Kremp. (Lecidea) = Lecidea tessellata v. caesia azureum auct. p.p. (Leptogium) = Leptogium cochleatum bachmanianum Fink (Collemodes) = Collema bachmanianum bacidiella sensu Vĕzda & V.Wirth (Micarea) = Micarea globulosella bacidiella Vain. (Lecidea denigrata v.) = Bacidia beckhausii bacidiospora Eitner (Secoliga) = Belonia russula bacidiospora (Eitner) Zahlbr. (Gyalecta) = Belonia russula bacillare Ach. (Calicium lenticulare v.) = Calicium quercinum bacillare (Wallr.) Schaer. (Collema) = Leptogium schraderi bacillaris (Leight.) [Delise ex] Duby (Cenomyce) = Cladonia macilenta bacillaris (Leight.) Arnold (Cladonia) = Cladonia macilenta bacillifera (Nyl.) Arnold (Bacidia) = Bacidia circumspecta bacilligera Arnold (Polyblastia) = Staurothele bacilligera badensis Körb. (Bilimbia) = Bacidia badensis (Körb.) Zahlbr. baderi Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Porpidia macrocarpa badia (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Catolechia) = Buellia badia badia Fr. (Lecidea) = Buellia badia badia (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia badia badia (Hoffm.) Hepp (Parmelia) = Protoparmelia badia badia Hoffm. (Verrucaria) = Protoparmelia badia badioater (Spreng.) Arnold (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon badioatrum badioatra auct. (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon badioatrum badioatra [Flörke ex] Spreng. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon badioatrum badioatra [Hepp ex] Kremp. (Aspicilia) = Rimularia badioatra badioatra (Kremp.) Arnold (Lecidea) = Rimularia badioatra badioatra (Kremp.) Hepp (Lecanora) = Rimularia badioatra badiofusca Nyl. (Lecanora) = Acarospora badiofusca ssp. badiofusca badium (Fr.) Sambo (Rhizocarpon) = Buellia badia badius J.F.Gmel. (Lichen) = Protopannaria pezizoides baeomma (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Lecania baeomma (Nyl.) P.James & J.R.Laundon [in D.Hawksw. & al.] baeomma Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecania baeomma (Nyl.) P.James & J.R.Laundon [in D.Hawksw. & al.] baeomyces L.fil. (Lichen) = Dibaeis baeomyces baeomycioides A.Massal. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora sp. bagliettianum Jatta (Callopisma paepalostomum v.) = Caloplaca variabilis bagliettoaeformis (Hazsl.) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa parmigerella bagliettoana Jatta (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia psarophana ? bagliettoana Tav. [nom.nud.] (Solenopsora) = Solenopsora cesatii v. grisea bagliettoana Zahlbr. [nom. nov. pro Lecidea interjecta Bagl. & Carestia non Nyl.] (Lecidea) = ? bagliettoanum A.Massal. & De Not. [in Massal.] (Scoliciosporum) = Bacidia bagliettoana bagliettoi Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. bahusiensis Degel. [nom.nud.] (Buellia) = Orphniospora moriopsis bahusiensis H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia simoënsis bahusiensis H.Magn. (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia subviridis bakonyensis Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa balanina (Fr.) Anzi (Astroplaca) = Placolecis opaca balanina (Fr.) Trevis. (Placolecis) = Placolecis opaca 64 balanina (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. (Physcia) = Rinodina balanina (Wahlenb.) Vain. balaninus Wahlenb. (Lichen) = Rinodina balanina (Wahlenb.) Vain. baldense (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Amphoridium) = Bagliettoa baldensis baldensis A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa baldensis baldensis Pollini [nom.illegit. non Spreng.] (Lecidea) = ? balearica A.Crespo & Llimona (Lecanora) = Lecanora lividocinerea balearica Maheu & A.Gillet (Lecania) = Lecanora campestris baliola (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria nigroclavata v.) = Catillaria chalybeia baliola Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria chalybeia baliolum (Ach.) Ach. (Calicium hyperellum f.) = Calicium viride baliolum Ach. (Calicium) = Calicium viride baltica Erichsen (Buellia) = Buellia aethalea baltica Lettau (Ramalina) = Ramalina obtusata bandolensis (de Lesd.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecanora albescens v.) = Lecanora bandolensis bangii Vain. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema bangii (Vain.) Hale banksiae B.Sutton & Alcorn (Sarcinulella) = Anisomeridium polypori barbara Th.Fr. (Segestria) = Sagediopsis barbara (Th.Fr.) R.Sant. & Triebel/F barbata auct. p.p. (Usnea) = Usnea filipendula barbata sensu P.James & M.Jørg. (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? barbeyana (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Lecania turicensis ? barbeyanum Müll.Arg. (Thalloidima) = Lecania turicensis ? basaltica Jatta (Dirina repanda v.) = Dirina massiliensis basalticola (A.Massal.) Jatta (Urceolaria actinostoma v.) = Diploschistes actinostomus basalticola A.Massal. (Limboria actinostoma f.) = Diploschistes actinostomus baskalensis Szatala (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica baumgartneri (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Placidiopsis cinerascens baumgartneri Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca biatorina baumgartneri Zahlbr. (Placidiopsis) = Placidiopsis cinerascens bauschiana (Körb.) Lettau (Lecidea) = Micarea bauschiana bauschiana Körb. (Biatora) = Micarea bauschiana bavarica (Dalla Torre & Sarnh.) Zschacke (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia sepulta ? bavarica (Dalla Torre & Sarnth.) Servìt (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia sepulta ? bavarica Kremp. (Cetraria) = Allocetraria oakesiana bavarica Poelt (Lecanora) = Lecanora variolascens ? bavaricum Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Thelidium) = Polyblastia sepulta ? bayeri (E.Senft) Servít (Bacidia) = Gyalidea diaphana bayeri E.Senft (Catillaria) = Gyalidea diaphana bayeri Nádv. (Physcia) = Physconia muscigena v. bayeri bayrhofferi (Schaer.) H.Olivier (Buellia) = Buellia badia bayrhofferi (Schaer.) Rehm (Karschia) = Buellia badia bayrhofferi (Schaer.) Trevis. (Monerolechia) = Buellia badia bayrhofferi Schaer. (Lecidea) = Buellia badia bayrhofferi ([Zwackh ex] Körb.) Hepp (Pyrenula) = Thelopsis rubella beccarianum Bagl. (Arthothelium) = Arthonia beccariana beckhausii Beck. [nom.nud.] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum beckhausii (Körb.) Vĕzda (Micarea) = Bacidia beckhausii bella Spreng. (Peltigera) = Nephroma bellum bella Th.Fr. (Microglaena) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. octospora 65 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms bellidiflora (Ach.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia bellidiflora bellidiflorus Ach. (Lichen) = Cladonia bellidiflora bellissima (Leight.) A.L.Sm. (Lecania hutchinsiae f.) = Lecania hutchinsiae (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. beltraminiana (A.Massal.) Anzi (Arthonia) = Arthothelium ruanum beltraminiana A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria beltraminiana beltraminianum A.Massal. (Arthothelium) = Arthothelium ruanum benacense A.Massal. (Psoroma) = Squamarina cartilaginea benacensis [A.Massal. ex] Anzi (Verrucaria fusca f.) = Verrucaria caerulea benaderensis (Knowles) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora smaragdula v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula benedarensis Knowles (Acarospora) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula berengeriana (A.Massal.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia berengeriana berengeriana [A.Massal. ex] Stizenb. (Alectoria bicolor v.) = Bryoria smithii berengeriana A.Massal. (Biatora) = Mycobilimbia berengeriana berengeriana (Stizenb.) Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria smithii berengerianus (Stizenb.) Gyeln. (Bryopogon) = Bryoria smithii berghsonii Asperges (Cladonia) = Cladonia macilenta ssp. floerkeana berica A.Massal. (Maronea) = Maronea constans beringii Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora hageni v. fallax berounensis Servít (Verrucaria parmigera v.) = Bagliettoa parmigera betulae A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Arthopyrenia grisea ? betuleti Nyl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia patellulata betulicola A.Massal. [non sensu Anzi] (Arthonia) = Arthonia punctiformis betulicola Kullh. (Biatora) = Lecidea betulicola (Kullh.) H.Magn. betulicola sensu Anzi [non A.Massal.] (Arthonia) = Arthonia radiata betuligna (Ach.) Ach. (Graphis) = Graphis scripta betulina ("Hepp") Th.Fr. (Buellia) = Buellia griseovirens betulina (Pers.) Arnold (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta betulina Sm. [non Pers.] (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha culmigena betulinoides de Lesd. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha celtidicola betulinum ("Hepp") Arnold (Diplotomma) = Buellia griseovirens betulinum ("Hepp") Zwackh (Rhizocarpon) = Buellia griseovirens betulinum (Rabenh.) Zahlbr. (Schismatomma abietinum f.) = Lecanactis abietina biatorella Arnold (Microglaena) = Leucocarpia biatorella biatorellum A.Massal. (Sarcosagium) = Sarcosagium campestre biatorina (A.Massal.) J.Steiner (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca biatorina biatorina (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Caloplaca biatorina biatorina A.Massal. (Physcia elegans v.) = Caloplaca biatorina biatorina Körb. (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata biatorinum (A.Massal.) M.Choisy (Placodium) = Caloplaca biatorina biatorinum Nyl. (Collema) = Leptogium biatorinum bicincta Hertel (Lecidea jurana v.) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. bicincta bicincta (Hertel) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Melanolecia jurana ssp.) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. bicincta bicincta (Hertel) Hertel (Melanolecia jurana v.) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. bicincta bicincta (Ramond) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecanora rupicola v.) = Lecanora bicincta bicincta (Ramond) Nyl. (Lecanora glaucoma v.) = Lecanora bicincta bicincta (Ramond) Th.Fr. (Lecanora sordida v.) = Lecanora bicincta bicolor (Ehrh.) Ach. (Cornicularia) = Bryoria bicolor bicolor (Ehrh.) Elenkin (Bryopogon) = Bryoria bicolor bicolor (Ehrh.) Hoffm. (Usnea) = Bryoria bicolor bicolor (Ehrh.) Nyl. (Alectoria) = Bryoria bicolor bicolor (Ehrh.) Rabenh. (Bryopogon jubatus v.) = Bryoria bicolor bicolor Ehrh. (Lichen) = Bryoria bicolor bicolor H.Magn. [nom.nud.] (Lecanora) = Aspicilia virginea Hue bicolor Motyka (Usnea dasypoga ssp.) = Usnea filipendula bicolor (Müll.Arg.) Aron & Galun (Caloplaca rejecta v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata v. bicolor (Müll.Arg.) Wunder bicolor (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Blastenia rejecta v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata v. bicolor (Müll.Arg.) Wunder bicolor Müll.Arg. (Blastenia melanocarpa v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata v. bicolor (Müll.Arg.) Wunder biformigera (Leight.) H.Magn. (Catillaria) = Tylothallia biformigera (Leight.) P.James & H.Kilias biformis Borrer [in Hook. & Sowerby] (Verrucaria) = Anisomeridium biforme biformis (Borrer) A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Anisomeridium biforme biformis (Borrer) Arnold (Acrocordia) = Anisomeridium biforme biformis (Borrer) R.C.Harris (Ditremis) = Anisomeridium biforme biformis (Borrer) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Anisomeridium biforme biformis (Flörke Flörke) Schaer. (Arthonia) = Arthonia byssacea ? biformis (Flörke) A.Massal. (Pyrenothea) = Arthonia byssacea ? biformis (Körb.) H.Olivier (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta derivata biformis (Körb.) Vĕzda (Gyalecta truncigena v.) = Gyalecta derivata biloculata (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Buellia) = Rinodina biloculata bimarginata Zahlbr. (Rinodina) = Rinodina beccariana birgittae H.Magn. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeum bisagnoensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. bisagnonis de Lesd. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca sp. ? bischoffii Hepp (Psora) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii bischoffii (Hepp) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii biseptata H.Magn. (Bacidia) = Lecidella stigmatea bispora Bagl. (Urceolaria) = Ingvariella bispora bispora Werner (Pertusaria rupicola v.) = Pertusaria pluripuncta bisporus (Bagl.) J.Steiner (Diploschistes) = Ingvariella bispora bithynica J.Steiner (Rinodina luridescens v.) = Rinodina luridescens bitteriana (Zahlbr.) Räsänen (Hypogymnia) = Hypogymnia farinacea bitteriana Zahlbr. (Parmelia) = Hypogymnia farinacea bitteri Lynge (Parmelia) = Hypogymnia bitteri biziana A.Massal. (Squamaria) = Physcia biziana v. biziana blyttii (Fr.) Schaer. (Lecanora) = Lecanora argopholis blyttii Fr. (Parmelia) = Lecanora argopholis boccanum Servít (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium boccanum PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS boccanum (Servít) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium boccanum bockii (Fr.) Boistel (Aspicilia) = Rimularia gibbosa bockii [Rodig ex] Fr. (Lecanora) = Rimularia gibbosa bohemica (Anders) Zahlbr. (Cornicularia) = Cetraria aculeata bohemica Gyeln. [non Nádv.] (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa bohemica (Körb.) H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia recedens bohemica Körb. (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia recedens bohemica Nádv. [non Gyeln. nom.illegit.] (Parmelia) = Parmelia submontana bohemica Servít (Verrucaria parmigera v.) = Bagliettoa parmigera boissieri (Müll.Arg.) Arnold (Toninia) = Toninia verrucarioides boissieri Müll.Arg. (Thalloidima) = Toninia verrucarioides boissoniana (Croz.) Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Lecanora frustulosa boissoniana Croz. (Lecidea) = Lecanora frustulosa bolacinum (Ach.) Nyl. (Dendriscocaulon) = Dendriscocaulon umhausense bolacinum (Ach.) Nyl. (Leptogium) = Dendriscocaulon umhausense bolcana A.Massal. (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina pollinaria bolcana Pollini (Lecidea) = Lecanora bolcana bolcana (Pollini) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecanora muralis ssp.) = Lecanora bolcana boligera [Norman ex] Th.Fr. (Lecidea fuscescens f.) = Lecanora boligera borborodes (Körb.) Lettau (Bacidia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum borborodes Körb. (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum boreale Ahlner (Erioderma) = Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) M.Jørg. borealis (Körb.) Anzi (Lecidea) = Protomicarea limosa borealis Körb. (Lecidella) = Protomicarea limosa borealis Norman (Parmelia scortea f.) = Parmelina pastillifera borealis (Vain.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca pyracea v.) = Caloplaca borealis (Vain.) Poelt boreella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Steinia geophana bormiensis (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Lecanora hagenii v.) = Lecanora hagenii ? bormiensis Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora hagenii ? bormiensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria caerulea bormiensis (Servít) Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria caerulea bornmuelleri Stein (Thalloidima) = Toninia opuntioides ? bornmuelleri (Stein) Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Toninia opuntioides ? borreri Arnold (Thelidium) = Thelidium pyrenophorum borreri auct.ital. p.p. (Imbricaria) = Punctelia subrudecta borreri auct.ital. p.p. (Parmelia) = Punctelia subrudecta borreri (Sm.) Körb. (Imbricaria) = Punctelia borreri borreri (Sm.) Turner (Parmelia) = Punctelia borreri borreri Sm. (Lichen) = Punctelia borreri borreri (Trevis.) Hafellner & Kalb (Pseudosagedia) = Porina borreri borreri Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Porina borreri borreri (Tul.) J.C.David & D.Hawksw. (Lauderlindsaya) = Normandina pulchella bosniaca Servít (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa limborioides ? botnicum Vain. (Placodium verruculiferum f.) = Caloplaca verruculifera (Vain.) Zahlbr. botryocarpa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea tuberculata botryocarpum H.Magn. (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon tomentosum botryoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Micarea botryoides botryoides Nyl. (Lecidea apochrooella v.) = Micarea botryoides 66 botryosa (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Plectospora) = Lempholemma botryosum botryosa A.Massal. (Arnoldia) = Lempholemma botryosum botryosa Fr. (Biatora) = Lecidea botryosa botryosa [Hepp ex] Arnold (Lecidella) = Adelolecia pilati botryosum (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Physma) = Lempholemma botryosum botryosum (Ach.) Laurer (Stereocaulon alpinum v.) = Stereocaulon botryosum botrytes K.G.Hagen (Lichen) = Cladonia botrytes bouillenei P.A.Duvign. (Cladonia) = Cladonia polydactyla boulyi (Zahlbr.) M.Steiner & Poelt (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca lobulata boulyi Zahlbr. (Xanthoria) = Caloplaca lobulata bourgeana auct.ital. [non Mont.] (Ramalina) = Ramalina rosacea bouteillei (Desm.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Fellhanera bouteillei bouteillei Desm. (Parmelia) = Fellhanera bouteillei boutellei (Desm.) Arnold (Biatorina) = Fellhanera bouteillei brachiata (Fr.) Hampe (Cladonia) = Cladonia cenotea brachypoda Ach. (Coniocybe) = Chaenotheca brachypoda brachypus Bagl. & De Not. (Calicium decipiens v.) = Calicium quercinum ? brachyspora Arnold (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria murina ? brachyspora (Th.Fr.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea auriculata ssp. brachyspora Th.Fr. bracteata auct.eur. p.p. (Fulgensia) = Fulgensia desertorum bracteata (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Fulgensia bracteata bracteata (Hoffm.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Fulgensia bracteata bracteata (Hoffm.) Körb. (Gyalolechia) = Fulgensia bracteata bracteata (Hoffm.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Fulgensia bracteata bracteata (Hoffm.) Trevis. (Sporoblastia) = Fulgensia bracteata bracteata Hoffm. (Psora) = Fulgensia bracteata bracteatum (Hoffm.) (Amphiloma) = Fulgensia bracteata bracteatum (Hoffm.) Nyl. (Placodium) = Fulgensia bracteata breadalbanensis (Stirt.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Japewia tornoënsis breadalbanensis Stirt. (Lecidea) = Japewia tornoënsis breadalbanensis Wheldon & A.Wilson (Microglaena) = Protothelenella corrosa brevieri Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. brevilobata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca flavescens brevilobatum (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium callopismum v.) = Caloplaca flavescens brevipes (Schaer.) Rabenh. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia fimbriata breviusculum Gyeln. (Bryopogon fuscescens f.) = Bryoria fuscescens bricconensis Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia sp. ? brigantium Zschacke (Umbilicaria) = Lasallia brigantium brujerana (D.Dietr.) Leight. (Lecidea) = Ainioa mooreana brujerana [Schaer. ex] D.Dietr. (Biatora) = Ainioa mooreana brunnea (Anzi) Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Biatora brunnea brunnea DC. (Zeora) = Moelleropsis nebulosa brunnea Müll.Arg. (Urceolaria actinostoma v.) = Diploschistes aeneus (Müll.Arg.) Lumbsch brunnea (Sw.) A.Massal. (Pannaria) = Protopannaria pezizoides brunnea (Sw.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Protopannaria pezizoides brunneolum (Ach.) De Not. (Cyphelium) = Chaenotheca brunneola brunneolum (Ach.) Schaer. (Calicium melanophaeum v.) = Chaenotheca brunneola brunneolum (Ach.) Trevis. (Phacotium) = Chaenotheca brunneola brunneolum Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca brunneola 67 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms brunneri Nyl. (Lecidea) = Calvitimela aglaea brunneus Sw. (Lichen) = Protopannaria pezizoides brutium Jatta (Collema cheileum v.) = Collema crispum brutium (Jatta) Jatta (Collema) = Collema crispum bryoctonum Th.Fr. (Thelidium) = Verrucaria bryoctona (Th.Fr.) Orange bryontha Ach. (Parmelia subfusca v.) = Pertusaria bryontha bryophaga (Arnold) Hellb. (Gyalecta) = Bryophagus gloeocapsa bryophaga (Arnold) Vĕzda (Gloeolecta) = Bryophagus gloeocapsa bryophili Werner (Diploschistomyces) = Diploschistes muscorum bryophiloides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes muscorum bryophiloides Nyl. (Urceolaria) = Diploschistes muscorum bryophilus (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes muscorum bryophylus (Ach.) Müll.Arg. (Diploschistes scruposus v.) = Diploschistes muscorum bryopsora Doppelb. & Poelt [in Poelt] (Lecanora epibryon v.) = Lecanora bryopsora bryospila (Nyl.) Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema bryospilum bubulcae (A.Massal.) Anzi (Sagedia) = Thelidium zwackhii bubulcae (A.Massal.) Arnold (Thelidium) = Thelidium zwackhii bubulcae (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Thelidium zwackhii bubulcae A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Thelidium zwackhii bucekii Nádv. & Servít (Dermatocarpon) = Placopyrenium bucekii budae (Gyeln.) Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula budensis (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina) = Rinodinella controversa budensis Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodinella controversa buelliarum Hertel (Lecidea distans v.) = Carbonea distans v. buelliarum (Hertel) Hertel buellioides C.A.Berg (Rinodina biatorina v.) = Amandinea lecideina buellioides Metzler [in Arnold] (Rinodina) = Buellia tirolensis buellioides (Metzler) Buschardt (Buellia) = Buellia tirolensis bullata auct. [non (Körb.) Th.Fr. nec Meyen & Flot.] (Lecidea) = Lecanora formosa bullata auct. [non Körb.] (Lecidella) = Lecanora formosa bullata Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidea bullata (Körb.) Th.Fr. bullata (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca)= Caloplaca variabilis v. bullata (Müll.Arg.) Wunder bullata Pers. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha atra bullata Schaer. (Cetraria glauca f.) = Platimatia glauca bullatum (Müll.Arg.) Szatala (Placodium) = Caloplaca variabilis v. bullata (Müll.Arg.) Wunder bullatum Müll.Arg. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca variabilis v. bullata (Müll.Arg.) Wunder bullosa (A.Massal.) Arnold (Aspicilia calcarea f.) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta bullosa Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea bullata (Körb.) Th.Fr. bunodea (A.Massal.) Jatta (Lecanora) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea ? bunodea A.Massal. (Pachyospora) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea ? burolletii de Lesd. (Arthothelium) = Arthonia albopulverea buxi J.Steiner (Leptorhaphis) = Celothelium buxi (J.Steiner) B.A.Aguirre/F buxi (Vĕzda & Vivant) Vĕzda (Fellhanera) = Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola buxi Vĕzda & Vivant (Bacidia) = Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola byssacea (Fr.) Körb. (Stenocybe) = Stenocybe pullatula byssacea (Taylor) A.L.Sm. (Arthopyrenia) = Anisomeridium biforme byssacea Vĕzda (Catillaria) = Vezdaea aestivalis byssacea Weigel (Sphaeria) = Arthonia byssacea byssacea (Weigel) A.Massal. (Pyrenothea) = Arthonia byssacea byssaceum Fr. (Calicium) = Stenocybe pullatula byssaceus (Vĕzda) Vĕzda (Pachyascus) = Vezdaea aestivalis byssinum (Hoffm.) Körb. (Collema cheileum v.) = Leptogium byssinum byssinum (Hoffm.) Trevis. (Polychidium) = Leptogium byssinum byssinum Hoffm. (Collema) = Leptogium byssinum byssoides Hepp (Porocyphus) = Porocyphus rehmicus byssoides (L.) Beltr. (Sphyridium) = Baeomyces rufus byssoides (L.) Fr. (Baeomyces) = Baeomyces rufus byssoides (L.) Fr. (Biatora) = Baeomyces rufus byssophila (Hepp) Hafellner & Kalb (Pseudosagedia) = Porina byssophila byssophila [Körb. ex] Hepp (Sagedia) = Porina byssophila cacuminum (A.Massal.) J.R.Laundon (Leproloma) = Lepraria cacuminum cacuminum (A.Massal.) Jatta (Buellia epigaea v.) = Lepraria cacuminum cacuminum A.Massal. (Diploicia) = Lepraria cacuminum cacuminum Asta (Encephalographa cerebrina ssp.) = Poeltinula cacuminum cacuminum H.Magn. (Lopadium) = Gyalidea lecideopsis cacuminum (J.Steiner) Szatala [comb. inval. et nom.illegit.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina cacuminum J.Steiner (Lecidea enteroleuca v.) = Lecidella patavina cadubriae (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecanora cadubriae cadubriae A.Massal. (Biatora) = Lecanora cadubriae cadubriae A.Massal. (Krempelhumberia) = ? caecula (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta caelivicina Poelt & Hertel (Lecidea ultima v.) = Cephalophysis leucospila v. caelivicina (Poelt & Hertel) H.Kilias & Scheid. caelocaula Flot. (Concicularia aculeata v.) = Cetraria aculeata caementicola Erichsen (Lecidea) = Clauzadea monticola caerulea Kremp. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana caeruleoalba de Lesd. (Verrucaria glaucina v.) = Verrucaria fuscella caeruleoalba Kremp. (Rehmia) = Rhizocarpon caeruleoalbum caeruleoatra H.Magn. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca suspiciosa (Nyl.) H.Magn. caeruleocalula Flot. (Cornicularia aculeata v.) = Cetraria aculeata caeruleonigricans auct. (Thalloidima) = Toninia sedifolia caeruleonigricans auct. [non (Lightf.) Th.Fr.] (Toninia) = Toninia sedifolia caeruleonigricans auct. [non Lightf.] (Lichen) = Toninia sedifolia caeruleonigricans (Lightf.) Th.Fr. [non auct.] (Toninia) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa caeruleonigricans Lightf. [non auct.] (Lichen) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa caerulescens Almq. (Arthonia apotheciorum v.) = Arthonia clemens caerulescens (Turner & Borrer) Vain. (Chaenotheca trichialis v.) = Chaenotheca trichialis caerulescens Turner & Borrer (Calicium aeruginosum ssp.) = Chaenotheca trichialis caesariensis With. (Lichen) = Roccella fuciformis PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS caesia Ach. (Lepraria) = Placynthium garovaglii caesia Anzi (Encephalographa cerebrina v.) = Encephalographa elisae caesia Anzi (Lecidea spilota v.) = Lecidea tessellata v. caesia caesia Anzi (Verrucaria calciseda f.) = Bagliettoa parmigera caesia Anzi (Verrucaria fusca f.) = Verrucaria caerulea caesia (Anzi) Arnold (Lecidea tessellata ssp.) = Lecidea tessellata v. caesia caesia Arnold (Polyblastia) = Staurothele caesia caesia Clemente (Parmelia nigrescens v.) = Collema subnigrescens caesia DC. (Opegrapha) = Lecanographa lyncea caesia (Flot.) Zahlbr. (Allarthonia) = Arthonia caesia caesia (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Anaptychia stellaris v.) = Physcia caesia v. caesia caesia (Hoffm.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Physcia caesia v. caesia caesia (Hoffm.) Bagl. & Carestia (Hagenia) = Physcia caesia v. caesia caesia (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Parmelia pulchella v.) = Physcia caesia v. caesia caesia (Nyl.) A.Massal. (Racoblenna) = Psorotichia schaereri caesia (Nyl.) Forssell (Psorotichia) = Psorotichia schaereri caesia (Nyl.) Keissl. (Pseudarthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema caesium caesia (Nyl.) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Pyrenocollema caesium caesia (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema caesium caesia Nyl. (Collemopsis) = Psorotichia schaereri caesia Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Pyrenocollema caesium caesiascens H.Magn. (Rinodina diplocheila f.) = Rinodina interpolata caesia sensu A.Massal. (Collolechia) = Placynthium garovaglii caesia (W.Johnson) A.L.Sm. (Lecania) = Lecania baeomma (Nyl.) P.James & J.R.Laundon [in D.Hawksw. & al.] caesia W.Johnson (Lecanora) = Lecania baeomma (Nyl.) P.James & J.R.Laundon [in D.Hawksw. & al.] caesiella de Lesd. (Physcia tribacoides v.) = Physcia caesia v. caesiella caesiella [Flörke ex] Spreng. (Lecanora) = Rinodina confragosa caesiella Servít (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa parmigera caesiella (Spreng.) Körb. (Rinodina) = Rinodina confragosa caesiella (Suza) Suza (Lecanora demissa v.) = Caloplaca demissa caesiella Th.Fr. (Pyrenopsis) = Metamelaena caesiella (Th.Fr.) Henssen caesiellum (Servít) Servít (Amphoridium) = Bagliettoa parmigera caesiellum (Servít) Servít (Amphoridium) = Bagliettoa parmigera caesioalba de Lesd. (Crocynia) = Lepraria caesioalba caesioalba Flörke (Urceolaria ocellata v.) = Lecanoa crenulata caesioalba (Flörke) Körb. (Lecanora) = Lecanora crenulata caesioalba Flot. (Phlyctis) = Pertusaria caesioalba caesioalba (Le Prévost) Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia contorta caesioalba Le Prévost (Lecanora) = Aspicilia contorta caesioalbescens (H.Magn.) Vain. (Lecidea mollis v.) = Fuscidea mollis ssp. caesioalbescens (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux caesioalbum (de Lesd.) M.Choisy (Leproloma) = Lepraria caesioalba caesioatra (Schaer.) Kalb (Lecidella) = Frutidella caesioatra caesioatra Schaer. (Lecidea) = Frutidella caesioatra caesiocandida (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Toninia) = Toninia toniniana caesiocandida Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia toniniana caesiocinerea de Lesd. (Acarospora) = Acarospora laqueata ? caesiocinerea H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea 68 caesiocinerea [Nyl. ex] Malbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea caesioplumbea Nyl. (Urceolaria actinostoma v.) = Diploschistes caesioplumbeus caesioplumbeus (Nyl.) J.Steiner (Diploschistes actinostomus v.) = Diploschistes caesioplumbeus caesiopruinosa (Arnold) Santha (Physcia aipolia v.) = Physcia aipolia caesiopruinosa H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia caesiopruinosa (H.Magn.) J.W.Thomson caesiopsilum (Anzi) Arnold (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria caesiopsila caesiorufa auct. [non Ach.] (Biatora) = Caloplaca scotoplaca caesiorufa auct. p.p. [non (Ach.) Flagey] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca scotoplaca caesiorufa auct.ital. p.p. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca herbidella caesiorufa sensu Jatta p.p. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca ammiospila caesiorufella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca phaeocarpella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. caesiorufella Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca phaeocarpella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. caesitia (Nyl.) Jatta (Bacidia) = Placynthium garovaglii caesitia Nyl. (Physcia) = Physcia dubia caesitium (Nyl.) Hue (Placynthium) = Placynthium garovaglii caesitium (Nyl.) Jatta (Scoliciosporum) = Placynthium garovaglii caesium (Ach.) Vain. (Leptogium) = Leptogium cyanescens caesium auct. (Placynthium) = Placynthium garovaglii caesium (Clemente) Colmeiro (Collema nigrescens v.) = Collema subnigrescens caesium (Clemente) Degel. (Collema subnigrescens v.) = Collema subnigrescens caesium (Clemente) Hue (Synechoblastus nigrescens f.) = Collema subnigrescens caesium Coppins & P.James (Haematomma) = Mycoblastus caesius (Coppins & P.James) Tønsberg caesium Flot. [in Körb.] (Coniangium) = Arthonia caesia caesium Fr. (Agyrium) = Lecidea symmictella caesius Coppins & P.James (Haematomma) = Mycoblastus caesius (Coppins & P.James) Tønsberg caesius Hoffm. (Lichen) = Physcia caesia v. caesia caespiticius Pers. (Baeomyces) = Cladonia caespiticia caespititium (Wedd.) Harm. (Placynthium nigrum v.) = Placynthium nigrum caespitosa (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca elegans v.) = Xanthoria contortuplicata caespitosa (Vill.) Rabenh. (Lecanora crassa v.) = Squamarina cartilaginea cafra A.Massal. (Ropalospora) = Ropalospora lugubris cainthiaca (J.Steiner) Keissl. (Paraphysothele) = Anisomeridium carinthiacum (J.Steiner) R.C.Harris calcarea A.Massal. (Pachyospora viridescens v.) = Aspicilia calcarea v. reagens calcarea (Ach.) Körb. (Siegertia) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum calcarea (Ach.) Schaer. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum calcarea (Ach.) V.Wirth [comb.inval.] (Siegertia) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum calcarea Arnold (Rinodina caesiella v.) = Rinodina calcarea calcarea Herre (Zahlbrucknera) = Zahlbrucknerella calcarea calcarea Jatta (Lecanora atra v.) = Tephromela atra v. calcarea calcarea (L.) A.Massal. (Pachyospora) = Aspicilia calcarea calcarea (L.) Ach. (Urceolaria) = Aspicilia calcarea calcarea (L.) Körb. (Aspicilia contorta v.) = Aspicilia calcarea calcarea (L.) Michx. (Parmelia) = Aspicilia calcarea calcarea (L.) Sommerf. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia calcarea calcarea (L.) Trevis. (Patellaria) = Aspicilia calcarea 69 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms calcarea Walt.Watson (Clathrophorina) = Belonia nidarosiensis (Kindt) M.Jørg. & Vĕzda calcareum auct.ital. p.p. (Rhizocarpon) = Diplotomma venustum calcareum (Weiss) Anzi (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum calcareum (Weiss) Flot. (Diplotomma) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum calcareus L. [non Weiss] (Lichen) = Aspicilia calcarea calcareus (Müll.Arg.) J.Steiner (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes candidissimus calcareus Weiss [non L. nom.illegit.] (Lichen) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum calcariae Flagey (Arthopyrenia) = Zwackhiomyces calcariae (Flagey) Nik.Hoffm. & Hafellner/F calcaria Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria hydrela calcicola [Anzi ex] Arnold (Physcia cirrochroa v.) = Caloplaca proteus calcicola Gallöe [nom.inval.] (Gyalolechia) = Caloplaca lactea calcicola H.Magn. (Sarcogyne privigna v.) = Sarcogyne privigna calcicola (Nyl.) Redinger (Allarthonia) = Arthonia calcicola calcicola (Oksner) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Xanthoria parietina ssp.) = Xanthoria calcicola calcicola Räsänen (Peltigera spuria v.) = Peltigera rufescens calcicola Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca cretensis calcicolum Anzi (Rhizocarpon geographicum v. contiguum f.) = Rhizocarpon atroflavescens calcigena [Flörke ex] Körb. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana calcigena Th.Fr. (Rinodina mniaraea v.) = Rinodina calcigena (Th.Fr.) Lynge calcisedum (DC.) Servít (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria calciseda calcivora [A.Massal. ex] Arnold (Verrucaria calciseda v.) = Bagliettoa parmigera calcivora (Lojka) Croz. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia sepulta ? calcivora (Lojka) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia sepulta ? calcivora Nyl. (Lecidea) = Clauzadea immersa calcomaura Norman (Sarcogyne) = Clauzadea monticola calicariformis (Nyl.) Hue (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea calicaris L. (Lichen) = Ramalina calicaris caliciforme (Flot.) Zahlbr. (Cyphelium) = Thelomma ocellatum caliginosa Norman (Polyblastia) = Agonimia gelatinosa (Ach.) A.M.Brand & Diederich callianthus (Lettau) Lettau (Baeomyces) = Baeomyces rufus v. callianthus (Lettau) Anders callopisma A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Anisomeridium biforme ? callopisma (Ach.) Syd. (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca aurantia callopisma (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca aurantia callopisma Ach. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca aurantia callopismum (A.Massal.) Harm. (Leptogium) = Collema callopismum callopismum (Ach.) Bagl. (Amphiloma) = Caloplaca aurantia callopismum (Ach.) Mérat (Placodium) = Caloplaca aurantia callopismum (Ach.) Trevis. (Teloschistes) = Caloplaca aurantia callopiza Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca biatorina callopiza (Nyl.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca biatorina callopizum (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Placodium) = Caloplaca biatorina caloplacivora Llimona & Egea (Buellia) = Buellia sequax calva (Dicks.) Arnold (Biatora rupestris v.) = Protoblastenia calva calva (Dicks.) J.Steiner (Protoblastenia rupestris v.) = Protoblastenia calva calva (Dicks.) Lettau (Blastenia rupestris v.) = Protoblastenia calva calvescens De Not. (Physcia villosa v.) = Teloschistes villosus calvosina Samp. (Lecanora) = Schaereria fuscocinerea calvum (Dicks.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium rupestre v.) = Protoblastenia calva calvus Dicks. (Lichen) = Protoblastenia calva calycioides [Delise ex] Duby (Baeomyces) = Gomphillus calycioides calycioides (Duby) A.Massal. (Berengeria) = Gomphillus calycioides calycioides (Duby) A.Massal. (Mycetodium) = Gomphillus calycioides calycioides (Duby) Trevis. (Baeopodium) = Gomphillus calycioides calyciospora A.Massal. (Microthelia) = Didymospaheria calyciospora (A.Massal.) D.Hawksw./F calyciospora A.Massal. [nom.inval.] (Arthopyrenia) = Didymospaheria calyciospora (A.Massal.) D.Hawksw./F calycula A.Massal. (Ramalina polymorpha v.) = Ramalina fraxinea camaromorpha A.Massal. (Omphalaria) = Thyrea plectopsora ? cambusiana (Walt.Watson) Cretz. (Lecanora) = Schaereria fuscocinerea cambusiana Walt.Watson (Aspicilia) = Schaereria fuscocinerea campestre Körb. (Stereocaulon tomentosum v.) = Stereocaulon tomentosum campestricola Nyl. (Lecidea) = Tephromela campestricola (Nyl.) Rambold & Triebel campestris (Fr.) Almq. (Biatorella) = Sarcosagium campestre campestris Fr. (Biatora) = Sarcosagium campestre campestris Rabenh. (Lecanora polytropa f.) = Lecanora polytropa v. polytropa campestris (Schaer.) Erichsen (Cetraria tenuissima v.) = Cetraria aculeata campestris (Schaer.) Rabenh. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora campestris campestris Schaer. (Cetraria aculeata v.) = Cetraria aculeata campestris Schaer. (Parmelia subfusca v.) = Lecanora campestris campestris (Schreb.) Rabenh. (Cornicularia aculeata v.) = Cetraria aculeata campestris Stenh. (Cetraria juniperina v.) = Vulpicida tubulosus campsteriana Linds. (Verrucaria) = Sagediopsis campsteriana (Linds.) D.Hawksw. & R.Sant./F cana (Ach.) Flagey (Alectoria implexa v.) = Bryoria capillaris cana (Ach.) Leight. (Alectoria) = Bryoria capillaris cana Arnold (Rinodina arenaria v.) = Rinodina cana canaliculata Fr. (Ramalina calicaris v.) = Ramalina calicaris canariensis Erichsen (Bacidia) = Bacidia laurocerasi canariensis Follmann & Poelt (Fulgensia) = Caloplaca canariensis canasiacensis (Hue) H.Magn. (Sarcogyne) = Polysporina lapponica candelaria (L.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Xanthoria candelaria candelaria (L.) Flot. (Imbricaria parietina v.) = Xanthoria candelaria candelaria (L.) Spreng. (Parmelia parietina v.) = Xanthoria candelaria candelaris auct. p.p. (Lepra) = Chrysothrix candelaris candelaris (Kremp.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Chaenotheca trichialis f.) = Chrysothrix candelaris candelaris (L.) Fr. (Lepraria) = Chrysothrix candelaris candelaris L. (Byssus) = Chrysothrix candelaris PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS candelarius L. (Lichen) = Xanthoria candelaria candicans (Dicks.) A.Massal. (Ricasolia) = Solenopsora candicans candicans (Dicks.) Jatta (Diphratora) = Solenopsora candicans candicans (Dicks.) Stizenb. (Lecania) = Solenopsora candicans candicans (Dicks.) Zahlbr. (Placolecania) = Solenopsora candicans candicans Dicks. (Lichen) = Solenopsora candicans candida Anzi (Aspicilia polychroma v.) = Aspicilia candida candida Anzi (Encephalographa cerebrina v.) = Encephalographa elisae candida Anzi (Sagedia) = Strigula glabra candida (Anzi) Anzi (Lecanora) = Aspicilia candida candida auct. p.p. (Lepra) = Lecanactis latebrarum candida Cretz. (Lecanora frustulosa v.) = Lecanora argopholis candida J.Steiner (Leptorhaphis) = Stictis candida (J.Steiner) B.A.Aguirre/F candida (Schaer.) Anzi (Buellia discolor v.) = Rinodina oxydata candida (Schaer.) Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata candida (Stizenb.) J.Steiner (Caloplaca variabilis v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata v. candida candida Stizenb. (Lecanora variabilis v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata v. candida candida (Weber) Ach. (Lecidea) = Toninia candida candida (Weber) Jatta (Biatorina) = Toninia candida candidella (Nyl.) Boistel (Buellia stellulata v.) = Buellia stellulata candidella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia stellulata candidissima Kremp. [in Unger & Kochy] (Limboria) = Diploschistes candidissimus candidissima Nyl. (Glypholecia) = Acarospora scabra candidula Arnold (Buellia) = Buellia stellulata candidum Mudd (Schismatomma amylaceum v.) = Lecanographa amylacea candidum (Stizenb.) Szatala (Placodium variabile v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata v. candida candidum (Weber) A.Massal. (Thalloidima) = Toninia candida candidus Weber (Lichen) = Toninia candida canella Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria fuscella ? canescens (Dicks.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Diploicia canescens canescens (Dicks.) Anzi (Catolechia) = Diploicia canescens canescens (Dicks.) De Not. (Buellia) = Diploicia canescens canescens (Dicks.) Flot. (Diplotomma) = Diploicia canescens canescens Dicks. (Lichen) = Diploicia canescens canescens (Dombr.) Dombr. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria cylindrica canina (L.) Willd. (Peltidea) = Peltigera canina caninus L. (Lichen) = Peltigera canina cantabrica Nyl. (Ephebeia) = Ephebe lanata cantiana (Garov.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Hymenelia coerulea cantiana Garov. (Manzonia) = Hymenelia coerulea canum (Ach.) Jatta (Bryopogon jubatus f.) = Bryoria capillaris canum (Ach.) M.Choisy (Bryopogon) = Bryoria capillaris caperata (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Flavoparmelia caperata caperata (L.) DC. (Imbricaria) = Flavoparmelia caperata caperata (L.) Hale (Pseudoparmelia) = Flavoparmelia caperata caperata sensu Vain. (Cetraria) = Vulpicida pinastri caperatus L. (Lichen) = Flavoparmelia caperata capillaris (Ach.) Cromb. (Alectoria) = Bryoria capillaris capillaris (Ach.) Jatta (Bryopogon jubatus f.) = Bryoria capillaris capillaris (Ach.) Makar. (Bryopogon) = Bryoria capillaris capillaris Ach. (Parmelia jubata v.) = Bryoria capillaris capitata (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Ramalina polymorpha v.) = Ramalina capitata v. capitata 70 capitata Ach. (Ramalina polymorpha v.) = Ramalina capitata v. capitata capitata Anzi (Lecidea) = Toninia philippea capitata Bagl. (Buellia punctiformis f.) =Amandinea punctata capitata (Bagl.) Jatta (Buellia punctata f.) = Amandinea punctata capitata (Michx.) Spreng. (Cladonia) = Cladonia peziziformis capitatus Ach. (Lichen) = Chaenotheca furfuracea capituligera Poelt (Lecanora) = Aspicilia capituligera (Poelt) Poelt capniochroa A.Massal. (Rinodina leprosa v. lecideina f.) = Rinodina pityrea capniochroum A.Massal. (Collema) = Collema fragrans caprinus (Th.Fr.) H.Magn. (Baeomyces) = Baeomyces carneus caradocensis [Leight. ex] Nyl. (Lecidea) = Hypocenomyce caradocensis caradocensis (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Hypocenomyce caradocensis caradocensis (Nyl.) J.Lahm (Toninia) = Hypocenomyce caradocensis carbonacea Anzi (Toninia) = Toninia verrucarioides carbonacea (Anzi) Jatta (Bilimbia) = Toninia verrucarioides carcata (Nyl.) Vain. (Cladonia floerkeana v.) = Cladonia floerkeana carestiae Bagl. (Acarospora) = Acarospora versicolor carestiae De Not. (Stereopeltis) = Sarcogyne clavus cargilliana Linds. (Microthelia) = Polycoccum cartilaginosum (Arnold) D.Hawksw./F caricae (A.Massal.) Beltr. (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia clementei caricae (A.Massal.) Clem. (Parmelia) = Physcia clementei caricae A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia persoonii v.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis caricae (Bagl.) Jatta (Diplotomma) = Diplotomma populorum caricae (Bagl.) Lettau (Buellia) = Diplotomma populorum caricae Bagl. [in Arnold] (Diplotomma alboatrum v.) = Diplotomma populorum caricae [Schaer. ex] A.Massal. (Hagenia stellaris v.) = Physcia clementei carinthiaca J.Steiner (Arthopyrenia) = Anisomeridium carinthiacum (J.Steiner) R.C.Harris carinthiacum Frey (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon nanodes cariosa (Ach.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia cariosa cariosus Ach. (Lichen) = Cladonia cariosa carmeli Reichert & Galun (Rinodina) = Rinodina pruinella carnea (Arnold) Lettau (Gyalecta) = Gyalidea hyalinescens (Nyl.) Vĕzda carnea (Arnold) Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria hochstetteri carnea de Lesd. (Microglaena corrosa v.) = Topelia rosea carnea Opiz (Lecanora) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. ochroleucum carneoalbens (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bacidia) = Micarea cinerea carneoalbida (Müll.Arg.) Coppins (Bacidia) = Mycobilimbia pilularis carneoalbida (Müll.Arg.) Coppins (Biatora) = Mycobilimbia pilularis carneoalbida (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia sphaeroides f.) = Mycobilimbia pilularis carneoalbida Müll.Arg. (Patellaria) = Mycobilimbia pilularis carneola (Ach.) Fr. (Biatora) = Pachyphiale carneola carneola (Ach.) Hellb. (Gyalecta) = Pachyphiale carneola carneola (Ach.) Körb. (Bacidia) = Pachyphiale carneola carneola Ach. (Lecidea) = Pachyphiale carneola carneola Fr. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia carneola carneolutea auct. [non (Turner) A.Massal.] (Cryptolechia) = Pertusaria carneopallida 71 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms carneolutea sensu Zahlbr. [non (Turner) Anzi] (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria carneopallida carneolutea Turner (Parmelia) = Cryptolechia carneolutea carneolutea (Turner) Anzi (Pertusaria) = Cryptolechia carneolutea carneolutea (Turner) H.Olivier (Gyalecta) = Cryptolechia carneolutea carneolutea (Turner) Samp. (Pachyphiale) = Cryptolechia carneolutea carneolutea (Turner) Vĕzda (Gyalectina) = Cryptolechia carneolutea carneonivea Anzi (Gyalolechia) = Anzina carneonivea v. carneonivea carneonivea (Anzi) Arnold (Secoliga) = Anzina carneonivea v. carneonivea carneonivea (Anzi) Erichsen (Varicellaria) = Anzina carneonivea v. carneonivea carneonivea (Anzi) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Anzina carneonivea v. carneonivea carneonivea (Anzi) Jatta (Diphratora) = Anzina carneonivea v. carneonivea carneonivea (Anzi) Lettau (Gyalecta) = Anzina carneonivea v. carneonivea carneonivea (Anzi) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Anzina carneonivea v. carneonivea carneonivea (Anzi) Vain. (Pertusaria) = Anzina carneonivea v. carneonivea carneopallens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Hymenelia similis carneopallida (Ach.) Nyl. (Cladonia) = Cladonia carneola carneopallida Nyl. (Lecanora) = Pertusaria carneopallida carneopruinata (Zahlbr.) Hale (Parmelia) = Canoparmelia crozalsiana carneopruinata (Zahlbr.) Hale (Pseudoparmelia) = Canoparmelia crozalsiana carneum (Flörke) Rabenh. (Sphyridium byssoides v.) = Baeomyces carneus carneus (Flörke) Flot. (Sphyridium fungiforme v.) = Baeomyces carneus carneus (Flörke) Hepp (Baeomyces byssoides v.) = Baeomyces carneus carneus (Flörke) Nyl. (Baeomyces rufus v.) = Baeomyces carneus carnosa (Dicks.) Rabenh. (Biatora) = Massalongia carnosa carnosula (Arnold) Arnold (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia carnosula (Arnold) Lutzoni carnosus Dicks. (Lichen) = Massalongia carnosa carolitana (Arnold) Nimis & Poelt (Toninia) = Toninia sedifolia carolitanum [Bagl. ex] Arnold (Thalloidima caeruleonigricans v.) = Toninia sedifolia carpathica (Körb.) Szatala (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica carpathica Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea rigida carpaticum (Runemark) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Rhizocarpon intermediellum ssp.) = Rhizocarpon carpaticum carphinea (Fr.) A.Massal. (Physcia) = Caloplaca carphinea carphinea (Fr.) Boistel (Squamaria) = Caloplaca carphinea carphinea Fr. (Parmelia) = Caloplaca carphinea carphineum (Fr.) Bagl. (Amphiloma) = Caloplaca carphinea carphineum (Fr.) Trevis. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca carphinea carpinea (Ach.) A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Porina aenea carpinea (Ach.) Keissl. (Porina chlorotica v.) = Porina aenea carpinea (Ach.) Trevis. (Pyrenula) = Porina aenea carpinea (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Porina) = Porina aenea carpinea [Pers. ex] Ach. [nom.illegit.] (Verrucaria) = Porina aenea carpineum (Ach.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Porina aenea carpineus L. (Lichen) = Lecanora carpinea carporrhizans Taylor (Parmelia) = Parmelina quercina ? carporrhizans (Taylor) Flagey (Parmelia tiliacea v.) = Parmelina quercina ? carporrhizans (Taylor) Nyl. (Parmelia tiliacea ssp.) = Parmelina quercina ? carporrhizans (Taylor) Poelt & Vĕzda (Parmelina) = Parmelina quercina ? carporrhizans (Taylor) V.Wirth (Parmelia quercina v.) = Parmelina quercina ? carrollii A.L.Sm. (Leptorhaphis) = Celothelium ischnobelum carrollii (Coppins & P.James) Printzen (Japewiella) = Japewiella tavaresiana carrollii (Coppins & P.James) Tønsberg (Japewia) = Japewiella tavaresiana carthusiae (Harm.) Lettau (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca chlorella cartilaginea (Lilj.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Lecanora achariana cartilaginea Lönnr. (Biatora) = Mycobilimbia hypnorum cartilaginea (Nyl.) Vain. (Placidiopsis) = Placidiopsis custnani cartilaginea (With.) A.L.Sm. (Lecanora) = Squamarina cartilaginea cartilagineum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Catapyrenium daedaleum cartilagineum Nyl. (Endocarpon cinereum v.) = Placidiopsis custnani cartilagineus With. (Lichen) = Squamarina cartilaginea cascadensis H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Lecanora garovaglii cascarillae auct. [non (Fée) Nyl.] (Arthonia) = Arthonia radiata casimiri auct. p.p. [non Müll.Arg.] (Biatora) = Fuscidea kochiana casimiri (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg. [non auct.] (Lecidea) = Lecidea tessellata v. caesia casimiri Müll.Arg. (Biatora) = Lecidea tessellata v. caesia castanea Hepp [in Th.Fr.] (Biatora) = Bryonora castanea castanea (Hepp) Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Bryonora castanea castanea Körb. [non Hue] (Acarospora) = Acarospora macrospora castaneaecolum Trevis. (Spermatodium malitiosum v. pancinum f.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis castaneocinerea Räsänen (Psora cladonioides v.) = Hypocenomyce castaneocinerea castanocinerea Räsänen (Psora cladonioides v.) = Hypocenomyce castanocinerea (Räsänen) Timdal castanomela auct. p.p. (Rinodina) = Rinodina castanomelodes castanomela Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina castanomela castanomelodes (H.Mayrhofer & Poelt) Giralt & Llimona (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina castanomelodes castanoplaca H.Olivier (Rinodina) = Caloplaca demissa castanoplacoides Servít (Lecanora incusa v.) = Caloplaca demissa castellanum Räsänen (Placodium) = Caloplaca castellana (Räsänen) Poelt catalaunica V.Wirth & Llimona [nom.illegit.] (Toninia) = Toninia squalida catalepta auct. p.p. [non (Ach.) Blomb. & Forssell] (Staurothele) = Staurothele ambrosiana catalepta auct. p.p. [non (Ach.) Blomb. & Fossell] (Staurothele) = Staurothele frustulenta catalepta Schaer. [non Ach.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aethiobola cataleptoides (Nyl.) Arnold (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria aethiobola cataleptoides (Nyl.) Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aethiobola catalinaria Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Lecidella asema v. elaeochromoides cataractarum Hepp (Sagedia) = Thelidium cataractarum PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS cataractarum (Hepp) Servít (Involucrothele) = Thelidium cataractarum cataractarum Körb. (Porocyphus) = Porocyphus coccodes catenulata Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? catharinae Räsänen (Alectoria) = Bryoria implexa caucasica J.Steiner (Physcia) = Anaptychia ulotrichoides (Vain.) Vain. caucasica Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? caucasica Szatala (Lecidea carpathica v.) = Lecidella carpathica caucasicum Elenkin & Woron. (Sporopodium) = Gyalectidium caucasicum caudata (Nyl.) A.Massal. (Ropalospora) = Ropalospora lugubris caudata (Nyl.) Arnold (Toninia) = Ropalospora lugubris caudata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Ropalospora lugubris caudata Vĕzda & Vivant (Clathrophorina) = Belonia caudata caulescens Anzi (Toninia) = Toninia squalida caulescens (Anzi) Jatta (Bilimbia) = Toninia squalida caulescens J.Steiner (Lecanora subradiosa v.) = Lecanora swartzii ssp. caulescens (J.Steiner) Leuckert & Poelt cavalierii Werner (Heppia) = Acarospora umbilicata cavata (Ach.) R.C.Harris (Arthopyrenia) = Acrocordia cavata cavata Ach. (Verrucaria) = Acrocordia cavata cavatula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Eiglera homalomorpha cavernicola Llimona & Werner (Opegrapha) = Lecanactis grumulosa cazzae (Zahlbr.) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa cazzae cazzae Zahlbr. (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa cazzae cechumena Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuscoatra cecilia-metella Beltr. (Roccella phycopsis v.) = Roccella phycopsis celtidicola Jatta (Lecanactis lyncea v.) = Opegrapha celtidicola celtidis (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Naevia) = Arthonia punctiformis celtidis A.Massal. (Arthonia) = Arthonia punctiformis celtidis A.Massal. (Callopisma luteoalbum v.) = Caloplaca pyracea cembrae Anzi (Arthonia astroidea f.) = Arthonia cytisi cembricola (Anzi) Lettau (Porina) = Sagedia cembricola cembricola Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? cembricola (Motyka) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Usnea scabrata v.) = Usnea scabrata ? cembricola Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albellula cembrina (Anzi) D.Hawksw. (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis cembrinum (Ach.) Ach. (Cyphelium) = Cyphelium inquinans cembrinum Ach. (Calicium) = Cyphelium inquinans cenisia (Ach.) Flot. (Zeora) = Lecanora cenisia cenotea (Ach.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia cenotea cenoteus Ach. (Baeomyces) = Cladonia cenotea centralis Flörke (Cladonia coccifera v.) = Cladonia coccifera centrifuga (A.Massal.) Rehm (Leciographa) = Opegrapha rupestris centrifuga A.Massal. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rupestris centrifuga A.Massal. (Physcia murorum v.) = Caloplaca flavescens centrifuga (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Arctoparmelia centrifuga centrifuga (L.) DC. (Imbricaria) = Arctoparmelia centrifuga centrifugum (Nyl.) Jatta (Polychidium) = Placynthium filiforme centrifugum Nyl. (Pterygium) = Placynthium filiforme centroleuca (A.Massal.) Jatta (Caloplaca callopisma f.) = Caloplaca flavescens centroleuca (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca heppiana f.) = Caloplaca flavescens 72 centroleuca A.Massal. (Physcia callopisma v.) = Caloplaca flavescens centroleucum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Teloschistes callopismus v.) = Caloplaca flavescens centrosus Werner (Diploschistes scruposus f.) = Diploschistes scruposus ceracea Arnold (Aspicilia) = Ionaspis ceracea ceracea (Arnold) M.Choisy (Hymenelia) = Ionaspis ceracea ceracea (Arnold) Stizenb. (Lecanora) = Ionaspis ceracea ceracea J.Steiner (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa limborioides ceracella (Th.Fr.) Hedl. (Lecidea erhartiana v.) = Cliostomum leprosum (Räsänen) Holien & Tønsberg ceramonea (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Biatorina proteiformis v.) = Lecania rabenhorstii ceramonea (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Lecania erysibe v.) = Lecania rabenhorstii ceramonea A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Lecania rabenhorstii ceranoides Borrer (Collema) = Collema tenax ceranoides (Borrer) Degel. (Collema tenax v.) = Collema tenax cerasi (Chevall.) Arnold (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra cerasi Jatta (Pertusaria wulfenii v.) = Pertusaria pustulata cerasi (Pers.) Ach. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta cerasi (Pers.) Ach. (Graphis) = Graphis scripta cerasi (Schrad.) Ach. (Verrucaria epidermidis v.) = Arthopyrenia cerasi cerasi (Schrad.) Oksner (Pseudosagedia) = Arthopyrenia cerasi cerasi (Schrad.) Trevis. (Pyrenula) = Arthopyrenia cerasi cerasi (Schrad.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Arthopyrenia cerasi cerasi (Schrad.) Vain. (Metasphaeria) = Arthopyrenia cerasi cerasi Schrad. (Verrucaria) = Arthopyrenia cerasi cerasphora Vain. (Cladonia) = Cladonia stricta ceratea (Ach.) Opiz (Evernia furfuracea v.) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. ceratea ceratea (Ach.) Sandst. (Parmelia) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. ceratea ceratea Ach. (Parmelia furfuracea v.) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. ceratea ceratina (Ach.) Schaer. (Usnea barbata v.) = Usnea ceratina ceratites (Wahlenb.) Sommerf. (Pycnothele) = Siphula ceratites (Wahlenb.) Fr. ceratoniae (Ach.) Spreng. (Parmelia) = Dirina ceratoniae ceratoniae (Ach.) Stizenb. (Lecania) = Dirina ceratoniae ceratoniae Ach. (Lecanora) = Dirina ceratoniae ceratostelis (Wallr.) Anzi (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia fimbriata cercericola de Lesd. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca sp. ? cercida Ach. (Physcia aipolia v.) = Physcia aipolia cercidia (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia aipolia v.) = Physcia aipolia cercidia (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia aipolia cerebrina (DC.) A.Massal. (Encephalographa) = Poeltinula cerebrina cerebrina (DC.) Leight. (Lithographa) = Poeltinula cerebrina cerebrina (DC.) Schaer. (Lecidea) = Poeltinula cerebrina cerebrina DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Opegrapha) = Poeltinula cerebrina cereolinum Ach. [non auct.ital.] (Stereocaulon) = Pilophorus cereolus cereolum (Ach.) Ach. (Stereocaulon) = Pilophorus cereolus cereolus (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Pilophorus robustus Th.Fr. v.) = Pilophorus cereolus cereolus Ach. (Lichen) = Pilophorus cereolus cerinella (Flörke) Zahlbr. (Candelariella) = Candelariella aurella cerinella (Nyl.) Mig. [non sensu Zahlbr.] (Candelariella) = Caloplaca cerinella cerinella Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca cerinella 73 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms cerinelloides Erichsen (Caloplaca pyracea v.) = Caloplaca cerinelloides cerinellum (Nyl.) Vain. (Placodium) = Caloplaca cerinella cerinellum (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Callopisma) = Caloplaca cerinella cerinoides Anzi (Placodium) = Caloplaca cerinoides cerinum (Hedw.) De Not. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca cerina cerinum (Hedw.) Hepp (Placodium) = Caloplaca cerina cerinus [Ehrh. ex] Hedw. (Lichen) = Caloplaca cerina cernohorskyi Nádv. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi ceruchoides Vain. (Cladonia digitata v.) = Cladonia digitata cerussata Llimona & Werner (Buellia) = Buellia fimbriata cervicatulum Ach. (Calicium) = Calicium abietinum cervicornis (Ach.) Flörke (Cladonia verticillata v.) = Cladonia cervicornis ssp. cervicornis cervicornis Ach. (Lichen) = Cladonia cervicornis ssp. cervicornis cervina auct. scand. [non (Nyl.) Vain.] (Placidiopsis) = Placidiopsis pseudocinerea cervina (Lönnr.) Th.Fr. (Toninia aromatica v.) = Toninia verrucarioides cervina Lönnr. (Toninia) = Toninia verrucarioides cervinella Nyl. (Heppia) = Peltula obscuratula (Nyl.) [Poelt ex] Egea cerviniicola (de Lesd.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecidea promiscua v.) = Lecidea cerviniicola cervinocuprea Arnold (Aspicilia) = Amylora cervinocuprea cervinocuprea (Arnold) Arnold (Aspicilia olivacea f.) = Amylora cervinocuprea cervinocuprea (Arnold) Mig. (Lecanora) = Amylora cervinocuprea cervinula Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Placidiopsis cervinula (Nyl.) Vain. cesatiana Jatta (Acarospora) = Acarospora cervina cesatii (A.Massal.) Jatta (Diphratora) = Solenopsora cesatii v. cesatii cesatii (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Solenopsora cesatii v. cesatii cesatii (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Placolecania) = Solenopsora cesatii v. cesatii cesatii A.Massal. (Ricasolia) = Solenopsora cesatii v. cesatii cetrariiformis (Delise) Vain. (Cladonia crispata v.) = Cladonia crispata cetrarioides Anzi (Polychidium) = Leptochidium albociliatum cetrarioides Bagl. (Ramalina pollinaria v.) = Ramalina requienii cetrarioides [Delise ex] Duby (Parmelia perlata v.) = Cetrelia cetrarioides cetrarioides (Duby) Nyl. (Parmelia) = Cetrelia cetrarioides cetrata auct. p.max.p. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema reticulatum ceuthocarpa Fr. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria coccodes ceuthocarpoides Zahlbr. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria microstictica chalazanellum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Lempholemma) = Lempholemma polyanthes chalazanellum Nyl. (Collema) = Lempholemma polyanthes chalazanodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Lempholemma) = Lempholemma polyanthes chalazanum (Ach.) Arnold (Physma) = Lempholemma chalazanum chalazanum Ach. (Collema) = Lempholemma chalazanum chalcophila (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora nitrophila v.) = Acarospora peliscypha ? chalcophila H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora peliscypha ? chalybaea (Fr.) A.Massal. (Pyrenodesmia) = Caloplaca chalybaea chalybaea (Fr.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca variabilis f.) = Caloplaca chalybaea chalybaea (Fr.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca variabilis v. ocellulata f.) = Caloplaca chalybaea chalybaea Fr. (Parmelia) = Caloplaca chalybaea chalybaeoides J.Steiner (Lecanora calcarea v.) = Aspicilia calcarea chalybaeum (Fr.) Hepp (Placodium) = Caloplaca chalybaea chalybeia Borrer [in Hook. & Sowerby] (Lecidea) = Catillaria chalybeia chalybeia (Borrer) Anzi (Biatorina lenticularis v.) = Catillaria chalybeia chalybeia (Borrer) Bagl. (Buellia) = Catillaria chalybeia chalybeia (Borrer) Mudd (Biatorina) = Catillaria chalybeia chalybeia sensu Hepp (Biatora) = Catillaria lenticularis chalybeiforme (L.) Link (Bryopogon) = Bryoria chalybeiformis chalybeiformis (L.) Ach. (Alectoria jubata v.) = Bryoria chalybeiformis chalybeiformis (L.) Gray (Alectoria) = Bryoria chalybeiformis chalybeiformis L. (Lichen) = Bryoria chalybeiformis chalybeioides (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Pseudolecidea) = Claurouxia chalybeioides (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. [in O.E.Erikss. & D.Hawksw.] chalybeioides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Claurouxia chalybeioides (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. [in O.E.Erikss. & D.Hawksw.] chalybeioides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Claurouxia chalybeioides (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. [in O.E.Erikss. & D.Hawksw.] chanousiae (Sambo) Poelt (Fulgensia) = Caloplaca chanousiae cheilea (Ach.) Trevis. (Blennothallia) = Collema crispum cheilea Mudd (Massalongia) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea cheilea (Mudd) Leight. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea cheileum (Ach.) Ach. (Collema) = Collema crispum cheresina Müll.Arg. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia cheresina chevallieri Leight. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha calcarea chiastomerum Lettau (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon atroflavescens chicitae W.L.Culb. (Cetraria) = Cetrelia chicitae chinensis Osbeck (Lichen) = Parmotrema chinense chiodectonoides Anzi (Aspicilia cinerea v.) = Aspicilia valpellinensis chiomela (Norman) Zahlbr. (Porina) = Eopyrenula leucoplaca chionea Ach. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria pertusa v. rupestris chioneoides Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria pertusa chionophilum Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon alpicola chionophilus (Th.Fr.) Stein (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon alpicola chlarona (Ach.) Nyl. [non auct. p.p.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora pulicaris chloantha (Ach.) A.Massal. (Anaptychia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia chloantha chloantha (Ach.) Beltram. (Parmelia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia chloantha chloantha (Ach.) Essl. (Physciella) = Phaeophyscia chloantha chloantha (Ach.) Rabenh. (Physcia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia chloantha chloantha Ach. (Parmelia) = Phaeophyscia chloantha chlorella auct. p.p. (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca hispidula chlorella auct. p.p. (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca phaeocephala chlorelloides Anzi (Cyphelium) = Chaenotheca hispidula chlorellum (Ach.) Körb. (Cyphelium) = Chaenotheca chlorella chlorellum Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca chlorella chlorina (Ach.) Ach. (Pulveraria) = Chrysothrix chlorina chlorina (Ach.) DC. (Lepra) = Chrysothrix chlorina chlorina (Ach.) Sm. (Lepraria) = Chrysothrix chlorina PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS chlorina auct. [non (Ach.) Rabenh.] (Trachylia) = Calicium corynellum chlorina auct.ital. [non (Flot.) Sandst.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca cerinoides ? chlorina (Flot.) Müll.Arg. (Caloplaca cerina v.) = Caloplaca chlorina chlorina Flot. (Zeora cerina v.) = Caloplaca chlorina chlorina (Pers.) H.Olivier (Opegrapha diaphora v.) = Opegrapha varia chlorina (Pers.) Jatta (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia chlorina (Pers.) Redinger (Opegrapha lichenoides v.) = Opegrapha varia chlorina sensu A.Massal. (Lepra) = Psilolechia lucida chlorinum (Ach.) Schaer. [non auct. p.p.] (Calicium) = Chrysothrix chlorina chlorinum auct.ital. [non (Ach.) Schaer.] (Cyphelium) = Calicium corynellum chlorinum (Flot.) Anzi (Placodium cerinum v.) = Caloplaca chlorina chlorinus Ach. (Lichen) = Chrysothrix chlorina chlorobaea Nyl. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta subclausa chlorococca auct. p.p. (Sphaerulina) = Lauderlindsaya borreri (Tul.) J.C.David & D.Hawksw./F chlorococca [Graewe ex] Stenh. (Biatora hypnophila v.) = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum chlorococca (Leight.) R.Sant. (Sphaerulina) = Lauderlindsaya acroglypta (Norman) R.Sant. chlorococca (Stenh.) Lettau (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum chlorococca (Stenh.) Th.Fr. (Bilimbia) = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum chlorodes [Nyl. ex] Cromb. (Calicium quercinum v. lenticulare f.) = Calicium glaucellum chloroides (Flörke) Vain. (Cladonia floerkeana v.) = Cladonia macilenta ssp. floerkeana chloroleuca Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Caloplaca cerina f.) = Caloplaca stillicidiorum chloroleucum (Sm.) Anzi (Placodium cerinum v. stillicidiorum f.) = Caloplaca stillicidiorum chloromelaena A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Porina aenea chloromelaenum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Porina aenea chloromelum auct.ital. p.p. (Leptogium) = Leptogium brebissonii chlorophaea auct. (Cladonia) = Cladonia pyxidata s.lat. chlorophaea [Hepp ex] Leight. (Lecidea) = Diplotomma chlorophaeum chlorophaea (Leight.) Lettau (Buellia) = Diplotomma chlorophaeum chlorophaea (Sommerf.) Flörke (Cladonia pyxidata v.) = Cladonia pyxidata s.lat. chlorophaea (Sommerf.) V.Wirth (Cladonia pyxidata ssp.) = Cladonia pyxidata s.lat. chlorophana (Wahlenb.) A.Massal. (Acarospora) = Pleopsidium chlorophanum chlorophana (Wahlenb.) Stein (Acarospora flava v.) = Pleopsidium chlorophanum chlorophana (Wahlenb.) Tornab. (Gussonea) = Pleopsidium chlorophanum chlorophana Wahlenb. [in Ach.] (Parmelia) = Pleopsidium chlorophanum chlorophanum (Wahlenb.) Körb. (Pleopsidium flavum v.) = Pleopsidium chlorophanum chlorophylla (Willd.) Hale (Tuckermannopsis) = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla 74 chlorophylla (Willd.) Vain. (Cetraria) = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla chlorophyllum (Willd.) Vain. (Platysma) = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla chlorophyllus Willd. [in Humb.] (Lichen) = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla chloropolia auct. p.p. (Lecanora) = Lecanora impudens chloropolia Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Loxospora elatina ? chloropolia (Erichsen) Almb. (Lecanora) = Loxospora elatina ? chloropolia (Fr.) Körb. (Buellia punctata v.) = Amandinea punctata chloropolia (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Buellia myriocarpa v.) = Amandinea punctata chloropoliza (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina lenticularis v.) = Catillaria chalybeia v. chloropoliza chloroscotina (Nyl.) Arnold (Catillaria) = Catillaria chalybeia v. chloropoliza chlorospila (Arnold) Degel. (Pyrenula nitidella v.) = Pyrenula chlorospila chlorospora (Nyl.) Hellb. (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri chlorospora Nyl. (Lecidea atroalba v.) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri chlorotella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Porina) = Porina chlorotica chlorotica (Ach.) A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Porina chlorotica chlorotica (Ach.) Hafellner & Kalb (Pseudosagedia) = Porina chlorotica chlorotica (Ach.) Jatta (Sagedia persicina v.) = Porina chlorotica chlorotica (Ach.) Rabenh. (Verrucaria margacea v.) = Porina chlorotica chlorotica (Ach.) Trevis. (Pyrenula) = Porina chlorotica chlorotica Ach. [non Hepp] (Verrucaria) = Porina chlorotica chlorotica Hepp [non Ach.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aethiobola chlorotica (Hepp) Stein (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria aethiobola chlorotica (Nyl.) Sandst. [non sensu Th.Fr.] (Bacidia) = Bacidina phacodes chlorotica sensu Th.Fr. (Bacidia) = Lecania cuprea chloroticula (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bacidia) = Bacidina chloroticula chloroticula (Nyl.) Sérus. & Diederich (Woessia) = Bacidina chloroticula chloroticula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidina chloroticula chloroticum (Ach.) R.C.Harris (Trichothelium) = Porina chlorotica chloroticum Samp. [nom.nud.] (Schismatomma) = Byssoloma leucoblepharum chlorotiza (Nyl.) P.James (Catillaria) = Lecania chlorotiza (Nyl.) P.James chlorotropoides (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia albidocarnea ssp.) = Lecania cuprea chodatii (Samp.) Hertel & Leuckert (Lecidella viridans v.) = Lecidella granulosula chodatii (Samp.) Knoph & Leuckert (Lecidella) = Lecidella granulosula chodatii Samp. (Lecidea) = Lecidella granulosula choisyi Werner (Haematomma) = Bryonora curvescens chondrodes (A.Massal.) Malbr. (Lecidea) = Clauzadea chondrodes chondrodes (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Protoblastenia) = Clauzadea chondrodes chondrodes A.Massal. (Biatora) = Clauzadea chondrodes chondrotypa Ach. (Lecanora) = Lecanora carpinea chordalis auct. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia fimbriata chordalis (Flörke) Nyl. (Cladonia) = Cladonia gracilis ssp.gracilis 75 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms chordalis (Flörke) Schaer. (Cladonia gracilis v.) = Cladonia gracilis ssp. gracilis chrysantha Tuck. (Cetraria) = Asahinea chrysantha (Tuck.) W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. chrysantha Tuck. (Cetraria) = Asahinea chrysantha (Tuck.) W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. chrysantha Vain. (Pyxine) = Pyxine subcinerea chrysantha Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Biatora chrysantha chrysanthoides Vain. (Pyxine) = Pyxine subcinerea chrysocephalum (Ach.) Chevall. (Cyphelium) = Chaenotheca chrysocephala chrysocephalum (Ach.) Trevis. (Phacotium) = Chaenotheca chrysocephala chrysocephalum [Turner ex] Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca chrysocephala chrysodeta (Räsänen) J.R.Laundon (Leproplaca) = Caloplaca chrysodeta chrysodetum (Räsänen) Räsänen (Callopisma) = Caloplaca chrysodeta chrysodetum [Vain. ex] Räsänen (Placodium) = Caloplaca chrysodeta chrysoleuca (Pers.) Singer (Omphalia umbellifera v.) = Omphalina ericetorum chrysoleuca (Sm.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca chrysoleuca (Sm.) Nyl. (Squamaria) = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca chrysoleucus Pers. (Agaricus) = Omphalina ericetorum chrysoleucus Sm. (Lichen) = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca chrysopasta (Lettau) Zahlbr. (Rinodina mniaraea v.) = Rinodina mniaraea chrysophaea (Pers.) Boistel (Gyalecta cupularis v.) = Ramonia chrysophaea chrysophaea (Pers.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Ramonia chrysophaea chrysophaea (Pers.) Pers. (Stictis) = Ramonia chrysophaea chrysophaea Pers. (Peziza) = Ramonia chrysophaea chrysophana auct. [non (Körb.) Stein] (Ionaspis) = Ionaspis odora chrysophana (Körb.) [Nyl. ex] Stizenb. (Lecanora) = Ionaspis chrysophana chrysophana Körb. (Aspicilia) = Ionaspis chrysophana chrysophthalma (L.) A.Massal. (Tornabenia) = Teloschistes chrysophthalmus chrysophthalma (L.) Ach. (Borrera) = Teloschistes chrysophthalmus chrysophthalma (L.) de Not. (Physcia) = Teloschistes chrysophthalmus chrysophthalma P.James (Micarea) = Chrysothrix chrysophthalma (P.James) P.James & J.R.Laundon chrysophthalmus L. (Lichen) = Teloschistes chrysophthalmus chrysoteichiza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia crustulata chrysotheicha Nyl. (Lecidea) = Adelolecia pilati chtonoblastes [A.Braun ex] Kütz. (Stereonema) = Placynthiella uliginosa ciliaris (L.) Ach. (Borrera) = Anaptychia ciliaris ciliaris (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Anaptychia ciliaris ciliaris (L.) DC. (Physcia) = Anaptychia ciliaris ciliaris (L.) W.Mann (Hagenia) = Anaptychia ciliaris ciliaris L. (Lichen) = Anaptychia ciliaris ciliata (Hoffm.) Du Rietz (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia ciliata ciliata (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Parmelia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia ciliata ciliata Nyl. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema crinitum ciliata (Stirt.) Trass (Cladina) = Cladonia ciliata ciliatus Hoffm. (Lichen) = Phaeophyscia ciliata cilophothalma A.Massal. (Lecanora agardhianoides v.) = Lecanora agardhiana cilophthalma A.Massal. [nom.nud.] (Hymenelia) = Lecanora agardhiana cimbrica (A.Massal.) Jatta (Gyalecta) = Sagiolechia protuberans cimbrica A.Massal. (Sagiolechia) = Sagiolechia protuberans cimbrica Th.Fr. [in Grønlund nom.nud.] (Microglaena) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. octospora cimiciodorum A.Massal. (Leptogium) = Leptogium corticola cincinnata (Fr.) Lynge (Alectoria) = Alectoria sarmentosa ssp. vexillifera (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. cincinnata (Fr.) Nyl. (Alectoria sarmentosa v.) = Alectoria sarmentosa ssp. vexillifera (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. cincinnata Sambo (Parmelia furfuracea v.) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. furfuracea cineracea (Nyl.) Hue (Acarospora) = Acarospora versicolor cinerascens (Ach.) Schaer. (Arthonia vulgaris v.) = Arthonia radiata cinerascens (Anzi) Arnold (Thelidium decipiens f.) = Thelidium decipiens cinerascens (Anzi) Servít (Thelidium) = Thelidium decipiens cinerascens Arnold (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria cinerascens cinerascens Bagl. (Buellia dispersa v.) = Buellia dispersa cinerascens Flot. (Lecanora badia v.) = Protoparmelia badia cinerascens H.Magn. (Ionaspis epulotica v.) = Hymenelia rhodopis (Sommerf.) Lutzoni cinerascens J.Steiner (Acarospora) = Acarospora versicolor cinerascens J.Steiner (Rinodina) = Rinodina gennarii cinerascens (Nyl.) Arnold (Placidium) = Placidiopsis cinerascens cinerascens (Nyl.) Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Placidiopsis cinerascens cinerascens (Nyl.) Trevis. (Placocarpus) = Placidiopsis cinerascens cinerascens (Nyl.) Vain. (Mycocalicium) = Chaenothecopsis viridialba (Kremp.) A.F.W.Schmidt/F cinerascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Placidiopsis cinerascens cinerascens Nyl. (Endocarpon) = Placidiopsis cinerascens cinerascens Th.Fr. (Buellia scabrosa v.) = Epilichen glauconigellus (Nyl.) Hafellner/F cinerata Lettau (Caloplaca fulva f.) = Caloplaca variabilis cinerata (Lettau) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca conversa f.) = Caloplaca variabilis cinerea (A.Massal.) Garov. (Verrucaria lariana v.) = Polyblastia cinerea cinerea Bagl. (Rinodina beccariana v.) = Rinodina beccariana Bagl. cinerea Chevall. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha vulgata cinerea Garov. (Verrucaria gemmata v.) = Acrocordia gemmata cinerea (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Aspicilia cinerea cinerea (L.) Ach. (Urceolaria) = Aspicilia cinerea cinerea (L.) Sommerf. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia cinerea cinerea Norman (Beloniella) = Belonia russula cinerea (Nyl.) Wedd. (Acarospora) = Acarospora umbilicata cinerea (Pers.) Fr. (Sagedia) = Catapyrenium cinereum cinerea (Schaer.) Anzi (Bilimbia) = Micarea cinerea cinerea (Schaer.) Körb. (Sporastatia morio v.) = Sporastatia polyspora cinerea (Schaer.) Körb. (Sporastatia) = Sporastatia polyspora cinerea (Schaer.) Th.Fr. (Biatorella) = Sporastatia polyspora cinerea (Schaer.) Trevis. (Bacidia) = Micarea cinerea cinerea Schaer. (Lecidea morio v.) = Sporastatia polyspora cinerea Schaer. (Lecidea) = Micarea cinerea cinerea (Weiss) Gyeln. (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera canina cinerella Flörke (Lecanora albella v.) = Lecanora albella PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS cinerella [Flot ex] Zwackh [nom.inval.] (Verrucaria) = Mycomicrothelia melanospora cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel (Huilia) = Porpidia cinereoatra cinereoatra Ach. (Lecidea) = Porpidia cinereoatra cinereoatra Garov. (Verrucaria fuscella v.) = Verrucaria fuscella cinereoatra Zschacke [non Hoffm.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria cinereoatrata Degel. cinereoatrum (Ach.) M.Choisy (Haplocarpon) = Porpidia cinereoatra cinereobadia (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Protoparmelia badia v.) = Protoparmelia badia ? cinereocaesius Samp. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes scruposus cinereofumosa Caruso (Coccocarpia plumbea v.) = Degelia plumbea cinereofusca Kremp. (Rinodina atrocinerea v.) = Rinodina milvina cinereolimbata Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. cinereolutescens Garov. (Verrucaria micula v.) = Mycomicrothelia melanospora cinereolutescens Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria rheitrophila cinereomarginata de Lesd. (Buellia) = Buellia tirolensis cinereopruinosa (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Trachylia) = Arthonia cinereopruinosa cinereopruinosa (Schaer.) Körb. (Leprantha) = Arthonia cinereopruinosa cinereopruinosa Schaer. (Verrucaria) = Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa cinereopruinosa Trevis. (Leiophloea punctiformis v.) = Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa cinereorufa (Schaer.) Hellb. (Psora) = Schaereria cinereorufa cinereorufa Schaer. (Lecidea) = Schaereria cinereorufa cinereorufescens (Ach.) A.Massal. (Aspicilia) = Bellemerea diamarta cinereorufescens (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Bellemerea) = Bellemerea diamarta cinereorufescens (Ach.) Hepp (Lecanora) = Bellemerea diamarta cinereorufescens Ach. (Urceolaria) = Bellemerea diamarta cinereorufescens Körb. [non (Ach.) A.Massal.] (Aspicilia) = Bellemerea alpina cinereorufescens (Schaer.) Schol. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria cinereorufescens cinereorufescens Schaer. (Umbilicaria vellea v. spodochroa f.) = Umbilicaria cinereorufescens cinereorufescens Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Porina byssophila cinereovirens A.Massal. (Pachyospora calcarea f.) = Aspicilia contorta ? cinereovirens (J.Steiner) Szatala (Blastenia agardhiana v.) = Caloplaca alociza ? cinereovirens (Schaer.) Jatta (Bilimbia) = Toninia cinereovirens cinereovirens Schaer. (Lecidea) = Toninia cinereovirens cinereum A.Massal. (Amphoridium) = Polyblastia cinerea cinereum auct. [non Pers.] (Calicium) = Chaenotheca trichialis cinereum Bagl. (Diplotomma porphyricum v.) = Diplotomma chlorophaeum cinereum (Körb.) Sandst. (Rhizocarpon distinctum f.) = Rhizocarpon distinctum cinereum (Pers.) Jatta [sensu Jatta] (Cyphelium) = Chaenotheca trichialis cinereum (Pers.) Oksner (Endopyrenium) = Catapyrenium cinereum cinereum (Pers.) Servít (Involucrocarpon) = Catapyrenium cinereum 76 cinereum (Pers.) Th.Fr. (Dermatocarpon) = Catapyrenium cinereum cinereum Pers. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca cinerea cinereum Pers. (Endocarpon) = Catapyrenium cinereum cinereus L. (Lichen) = Aspicilia cinerea cinereus Weiss (Lichen caninus v.) = Peltigera canina cinnabarina Flagey (Gyalolechia) = Caloplaca tavaresiana ? cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Fr. (Biatora) = Pyrrhospora cinnabarina cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Mig. (Blastenia) = Pyrrhospora cinnabarina cinnabarina (Sommerf.) Räsänen (Protoblastenia) = Pyrrhospora cinnabarina cinnabarina Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Pyrrhospora cinnabarina cinnabarinum DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Coniocarpon) = Arthonia cinnabarina cinnamomea [Flörke ex] Hellb. (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea cinnamomea (Th.Fr.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca ammiospila cinnamomea (Th.Fr.) Räsänen (Rinodina) = Rinodina mniaraea cinnamomea Th.Fr. (Caloplaca ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca ammiospila cintrana (Samp.) Samp. (Rinodina) = Rinodina pruinella cintrana Samp. (Lecanora pruinella v.) = Rinodina pruinella circinans J.Steiner (Caloplaca aegyptiaca v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder circinata Bagl. (Placidiopsis) = Placidiopsis cinerascens circinata (Pers.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Lobothallia radiosa circinata (Pers.) Anzi (Squamaria) = Lobothallia radiosa circinata (Th.Fr.) Zopf (Lecidopsis) = Arthonia circinata Th.Fr. circinatula (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Squamaria) = Lobothallia radiosa circinatula Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lobothallia radiosa circinatum (Bagl.) Jatta (Catapyrenium) = Placidiopsis cinerascens circinatum (Bagl.) Lojka (Endocarpon) = Placidiopsis cinerascens circinatum (Pers.) Gray (Placodium) = Lobothallia radiosa circinatum Pers. (Psoroma) = Lobothallia radiosa circularis Blomb. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia albida circularis H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia circularis (H.Magn.) Oksner circumalbata (Del.) Müll.Arg. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder circumalbata Del. (Lecidea) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder circumcisa H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Tremolecia atrata circumfusa (Nyl.) Trevis. (Pyrenula) = Blastodesmia nitida circumnigrata H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica pulvinatula circumpallens (Nyl.) Arnold (Bacidia) = Lecania subfuscula circumrubens Samp. (Lecanora) = Lecanora rubicunda circumscripta Taylor [in J.Mackay] (Verrucaria) = Sclerophyton circumscriptum circumspecta [Nyl. in Norrl. & Nyl. ex] Vain. (Lecidea bacillifera v.) = Bacidia circumspecta circumspecta (Vain.) Hedl. (Lecidea) = Bacidia circumspecta cirrhosa auct. p.p. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria crustulosa cirrhosa auct. p.p. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria spodochroa cirrhosa (Hoffm.) Vain. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria vellea cirrochroa (Ach.) A.Massal. (Physcia callopisma v.) = Caloplaca cirrochroa cirrochroa (Ach.) Arnold (Physcia) = Caloplaca cirrochroa cirrochroa (Ach.) Schaer. (Lecanora murorum v.) = Caloplaca cirrochroa cirrochroa (Ach.) Stein (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca cirrochroa cirrochroa Ach. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca cirrochroa cirrochroum (Ach.) Körb. (Amphiloma) = Caloplaca cirrochroa 77 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms cirrochroum (Ach.) Rabenh. (Placodium) = Caloplaca cirrochroa cirsodes (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum ? cirtensis (Stizenb.) Flagey (Catillaria) = Toninia philippea cirtensis Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Toninia philippea cisalpina Hulting (Arctomia delicatula v.) = Arctomia delicatula Th.Fr. cismonicum Beltr. (Haematomma) = Loxospora cismonica citrina auct. p.p. (Lepraria) = Chrysothrix candelaris citrina auct.ital. p.p. (Lepra) = Chrysothrix candelaris citrina (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca citrina citrina (Hoffm.) de Lesd. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca citrina citrina (Hoffm.) Rabenh. (Lecanora murorum v.) = Caloplaca citrina citrina (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Parmelia parietina v.) = Caloplaca citrina citrina (Hoffm.) Trevis. (Pyrenodesmia) = Caloplaca citrina citrina Hoffm. (Verrucaria) = Caloplaca citrina citrinella (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella citrinella (Ach.) Branth & Rostr. (Bacidia) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella citrinella (Ach.) H.Olivier (Lecanactis) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella citrinella (Ach.) Vain. (Bacidia flavovirescens v.) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella citrinellus (Ach.) Norman (Skolekites) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella citrinellus Ach. (Lichen) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella citrinum (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca citrina citrinum (Hoffm.) Hepp (Placodium) = Caloplaca citrina citrinum (Hoffm.) Müll.Arg. (Amphiloma) = Caloplaca citrina citrinum (Leight.) Mudd (Cyphelium) = Microcalicium arenarium citrinum (Leight.) Nyl. (Calicium) = Microcalicium arenarium citrinus (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lichen) = Caloplaca citrina citrinus Lam. (Lichen) = Alectoria ochroleuca citrum Wallr. (Sphaeria) = Thelocarpon citrum cladomorpha (Ach.) Vain. (Cladonia degenerans v.) = Cladonia phyllophora cladoniae (Anzi) Keissl. (Adelococcus) = Roselliniella cladoniae (Anzi) Matzer & Hafellner/F cladoniaria Nyl. (Lecidea) = Phaeopyxis punctum (A.Massal.) Rambold, Triebel & Coppins/F cladonioica Nyl. (Lecidea) = Phaeopyxis punctum (A.Massal.) Rambold, Triebel & Coppins/F cladonioides Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Hypocenomyce anthracophila (Nyl.) P.James & Gotth.Schneid. cladoniscum auct. [non (Ach.) Schaer.] (Calicium lenticulare v.) = Calicium lenticulare cladoniscum auct. [non Ach.] (Calicium) = Calicium lenticulare clandestinum Arnold (Sporodictyon) = Polyblastia clandestina claudeliana (Harm.) H.Olivier (Toninia) = Myxobilimbia lobulata claudeliana Harm. (Lecidea) = Myxobilimbia lobulata claudelii (Harm.) Du Rietz (Parmelia trichotera v.) = Parmotrema stuppeum claudelii (Harm.) Vain. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema stuppeum clausa (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Gyalecta) = Petractis clausa clausum (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Thelotrema) = Petractis clausa clausus (Flot.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes euganeus clausus Hoffm. (Lichen) = Petractis clausa clauzadei de Lesd. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca crenulatella clauzadei de Lesd. (Diploschistes scruposus v.) = Diploschistes scruposus clauzadei de Lesd. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pseudistera clauzadei de Lesd. (Rhizocarpon) = Ingvariella bispora clava DC. (Patellaria) = Sarcogyne clavus clavata Ach. (Cenomyce bacillaris v.) = Cladonia macilenta claviculare auct. p.p. (Calicium) = Calicium glaucellum claviculare auct. p.p. (Calicium) = Calicium quercinum clavulifera (Nyl.) Coppins & P.James (Micarea) = Psilolechia clavulifera (Nyl.) Coppins clavulifera Nyl. (Lecidea) = Psilolechia clavulifera (Nyl.) Coppins clavus (DC.) Th.Fr. (Biatorella) = Sarcogyne clavus clavus DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Lichen) = Sarcogyne clavus clemens H.Baumg. [nom.inval.] (Toninia) = Toninia taurica clemens (Tul.) A.Massal. (Conida) = Arthonia clemens clemens (Tul.) Körb. (Coniangium) = Arthonia clemens clemens Tul. (Phacopsis) = Arthonia clemens clementeana auct. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria monogona clementei Turner [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Lichen) = Physcia clementei clementiana (Ach.) Kickx (Physcia) = Physcia clementei clementiana (Ach.) Trevis. (Dimelaena astroidea v.) = Physcia clementei cliostomoides A.Massal. (Buellia) = Cliostomum corrugatum clopima auct. p.p. [non (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr.] (Staurothele) = Staurothele areolata clopima (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. [non auct.] (Staurothele) = Staurothele fuscocuprea clopimoides [Anzi ex] Arnold (Sphaeromphale) = Staurothele clopimoides clopimoides [Anzi ex] Rabenh. [nom.nud.] (Polyblastia) = Staurothele clopimoides clopimoides (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Sphaeromphale areolata v.) = Staurothele clopimoides coalescens Maheu (Lecanora atrofusca v.) = Lecanora pseudistera coarctata (Sm.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Trapelia coarctata coarctata (Sm.) Flot. (Zeora) = Trapelia coarctata coarctata (Sm.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Trapelia coarctata coarctata (Sm.) Th.Fr. (Biatora) = Trapelia coarctata coarctatus [Turner ex] Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Lichen) = Trapelia coarctata coccifera (L.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia coccifera cocciferus L. (Lichen) = Cladonia coccifera coccinea (A.Massal.) Jatta (Arthonia gregaria v.) = Arthonia cinnabarina coccinea Müll.Arg. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca coccinea coccineum A.Massal. (Coniocarpon gregarium v.) = Arthonia cinnabarina coccineum (Dicks.) Körb. (Haematomma) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. ochroleucum coccodes (Ach.) Körb. (Pertusaria communis v.) = Pertusaria coccodes coccodes Ach. (Lichen) = Pertusaria coccodes coccodes Flot. (Collema) = Porocyphus coccodes coccophylloides [Hepp ex] Müll.Arg. (Collema) = Collema occultatum v.populinum (Th.Fr.) Degel. cochleatus Dicks. (Lichen) = Leptogium cochleatum coelestina Anzi (Bacidia) = Toninia coelestina coenosa (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Microglaena) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella coenosa Vain. (Thelenella) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella coenosum Ach. (Collema) = Aphanopsis coenosa coepulona Norman (Arthopyrenia) = Zwackhiomyces coepulonus (Norman) Grube & R.Sant./F coerulata Flot. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecania fuscella coerulea (DC.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Aspicilia) = Hymenelia coerulea PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS coerulea (DC.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Hymenelia coerulea coerulea DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Verrucaria) = Hymenelia coerulea coeruleobadia ([Schleich. ex] Lam.) A.Massal. (Pannaria) = Pannaria conoplea coeruleobadium ([Schleich. ex] Lam.) Trevis. (Trachyderma) = Pannaria conoplea coeruleorubella Mudd (Lecania coerulescens v.) = Lecania coeruleorubella (Mudd) M.Mayrhofer coeruleorubella (Mudd) Zahlbr. (Lecania nylanderiana v.) = Lecania coeruleorubella (Mudd) M.Mayrhofer coerulescens A.Massal. (Lecidea martinatiana v.) = Porpidia crustulata coerulescens ("Hepp") Trevis. (Lecanora sophodes v.) = Rinodina polyspora coerulescens J.Steiner (Diploschistes calcareus v.) = Diploschistes actinostomus coerulescens Jatta (Thelidium) = Thelidium decipiens coerulescens (K.G.Hagen) Arnold (Lecanora) = Lecanora hagenii coerulescens Kremp. (Hymenelia prevostii v.) = Hymenelia coerulea coerulescens (Mudd) Arnold (Lecania nylanderiana f.) = Lecania coerulescens Mudd coilocarpa (Ach.) Nyl. [non auct.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora pulicaris coilocarpa auct. [non (Ach.) Nyl.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora circumborealis collectica (Flörke) Arnold [non sensu Lettau] (Rinodina) = Rinodina teichophila collectica sensu Lettau [non (Flörke) Arnold] (Rinodina) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii collemacea (Wedd.) Gyeln. (Solorinaria) = Peltula obscurans collemacea Wedd. (Acarospora) = Peltula obscurans collematodes Garov. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria nigrescens colliculosa Körb. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria pertusa collina (Ach.) Ach. (Peltidea scutata v.) = Peltigera collina collina (Ach.) Gyeln. (Peltigera scutata v.) = Peltigera collina collinus Ach. (Lichen) = Peltigera collina colludens (Nyl.) Arnold (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri colludens (Nyl.) Jatta (Catillaria) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri colludens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon massalongii f.) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri colludens Nyl. [nom.nov.] = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri colobina Ach. (Lecanora) = Rinodina colobina colobinoides Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina colobinoides colubariensis Llimona [nom.nud.] (Ramalina) = Ramalina requienii columnatula (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Tylothallia biformigera (Leight.) P.James & H.Kilias comensis Anzi (Biatora) = Aphanopsis coenosa comensis (Anzi) Jatta (Lecidea) = Aphanopsis coenosa comiformis Motyka (Usnea hirta ssp.) = Usnea hirta commixta H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea commixta (H.Magn.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda commixta (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Cetraria) = Melanelia commixta commixta Vain. (Strongylopsis) = Microcalicium disseminatum commixtum Nyl. (Platysma) = Melanelia commixta commolita (Fr.) Hazsl. (Lecanora badia v.) = Protoparmelia badia communis (DC.) Ach. (Variolaria) = Pertusaria pertusa communis DC. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria pertusa communis Th.Fr. (Cladonia coccifera v.) = Cladonia coccifera commutata (Ach.) A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Megalaria pulverea commutata (Ach.) Lettau (Biatora) = Megalaria pulverea comosa (Ach.) Ach. (Usnea plicata v.) = Usnea subfloridana 78 comosa (Ach.) Vain. [non Pers.] (Usnea) = Usnea subfloridana compacta A.Massal. (Biatorina proteiformis v.) = Lecania inundata compacta [Arnold ex] Nyl. (Physcia elegans v.) = Xanthoria sorediata compacta Arnold (Verrucaria amylacea f.) = Verrucaria caerulea compacta (Körb.) Jatta (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum v. compactum compacta (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Bacidia umbrina v.) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum v. compactum compacta Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea glabrescens compacta (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Xanthoria elegans ssp.) = Xanthoria sorediata compactum (A.Massal.) Blomb. & Forssell [non sensu Clauzade & Rondon] (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria compacta compactum (A.Massal.) Lönnr. (Rhodocarpon) = Verrucaria compacta compactum (A.Massal.) R.Sant. (Catapyrenium) = Verrucaria compacta compactum A.Massal. (Placidium) = Verrucaria compacta compactum Ach. (Collema) = Collema cristatum compactum Flot. (Stereocaulon denudatum v.) = Stereocaulon vesuvianum compactum Körb. (Placodium saxicolum v.) = Lecanora muralis compactum Körb. (Scoliciosporum) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum v. compactum compactum (Lamy) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum compactum sensu Clauzade & Rondon (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria zamenhofiana compactum (Wallr.) A.Massal. (Physma) = Lempholemma polyanthes compactum (Wallr.) Körb. (Lempholemma) = Lempholemma polyanthes complanata H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora veronensis complanata (Körb.) Stein [in Cohn] (Aspicilia) = Miriquidica complanata complanata Körb. (Lecanora) = Miriquidica complanata complanatoides (A.L.Sm.) Walt.Watson (Aspicilia) = Schaereria fuscocinerea complanatoides A.L.Sm. (Lecanora) = Schaereria fuscocinerea complicata Anzi (Solorina crocea v.) = Solorina crocea complicata Gyeln. (Peltigera elisabethae f.) = Peltigera elisabethae complicata Gyeln. (Peltigera rufescens f.) = Peltigera rufescens complicata H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidea ecrustacea complicata Laurer [in Fr. nom.nud.] (Cetraria) = Tuckneraria laureri complicata (Th.Fr.) Gyeln. (Peltigera leucophlebia v.) = Peltigera leucophlebia complicata Th.Fr. (Peltigera aphthosa v.) = Peltigera leucophlebia complicatissimum (Nyl.) Lettau (Dermatocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum complicatum Anzi (Leptogium saturninum v.) = Leptogium hildenbrandii complicatum ("Laurer") Nyl. (Platsyma) = Tuckneraria laureri complicatum (Lightf.) Ach. (Endocarpon) = Dermatocarpon miniatum complicatum (Lightf.) Th.Fr. (Dermatocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum complicatum (Lightf.) W.Mann (Dermatocarpon) = Dermatocarpon miniatum 79 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms complicatum (Schaer.) Leight. (Collema melaenum v.) = Collema cristatum compressus Ach. (Sphaerophorus) = Bunodophoron melanocarpum concava de Lesd. (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata concentrica (Arnold) Cromb. (Parmelia revoluta v.) = Hypotrachyna revoluta concentrica auct. (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon petraeum concentricum auct. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon petraeum conchea Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. conchilobum (Flot.) Körb. (Collema) = Collema crispum concilians Nyl. (Lecanora ferruginea f.) = Caloplaca concilians (Nyl.) H.Olivier conciliascens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca conciliascens concinerascens (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca conversa concinerascens (Nyl.) Maheu & A.Gillet (Blastenia) = Caloplaca conversa concinerascens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca conversa concinna Borrer (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria dufourii ? concinna (Borrer) Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria dufourii ? concinna Stirt. (Cathisinia) = Sarcogyne clavus concinnum Bagl. & Carestia (Psoroma) = Rhizoplaca peltata concinnum Flot. (Collema) = Collema tenax concolor (Dicks.) Bagl. & Carestia (Physcia) = Candelaria concolor concolor (Dicks.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Candelaria concolor concolor (Dicks.) Trevis. (Blasteniospora) = Candelaria concolor concolor Dicks. (Lichen) = Candelaria concolor concolor (Ramond) Körb. (Placodium) = Lecanora concolor concolor (Ramond) Nyl. (Squamaria) = Lecanora concolor concrescens Müll.Arg. (Placodium) = Squamarina concrescens concreta (Ach.) A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Rhizocarpon geminatum concreta (Ach.) A.Massal. [nomen sed non planta] (Catillaria) = Rhizocarpon geminatum concreta (Ach.) Körb. (Aspicilia calcarea v.) = Aspicilia calcarea concreta (Ach.) Schaer. (Lecanora calcarea v.) = Aspicilia calcarea concreta Ach. (Lecidea atroalba v.) = Rhizocarpon geminatum concreta Nyl. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria microstictica concreta sensu A.Massal. (Catillaria) = Fuscidea lygaea concreta sensu Körb. (Catillaria) = Rhizocarpon cinereovirens (Müll.Arg.) Vain. concretum (Ach.) Elenkin [non (Schaer.) Zahlbr.] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geminatum concretum (Schaer.) Zahlbr. [non (Ach.) Elenkin] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri concrustans Nyl. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia ciliata condensata (Sandst.) Zahlbr. (Cladonia) = Cladonia portentosa condensatum (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Lempholemma) = Lempholemma intricatum ? conferenda Nyl. (Lecidea) = Adelolecia kolaensis conferta Anzi (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha saxigena conferta auct. p.p. [non Anzi] (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha calcarea conferta [Duby ex] Fr. (Patellaria) = Lecanora conferta confertula (Stirt.) Stirt. (Psora) = Miriquidica leucophaea confertula Stirt. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica leucophaea confervoides sensu A.Massal. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon disporum confervoides sensu Rabenh. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon polycarpum confinis O.F.Müll. (Lichen) = Lichina confinis confluens (A.Massal.) Körb. (Verrucaria muralis v.) = Verrucaria muralis confluens A.Massal. (Callopisma luteoalbum v.) = Caloplaca pyracea confluens A.Massal. (Opegrapha varia v.) = Opegrapha varia confluens A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria muralis confluens (Ach.) Stizenb. [non auct.] (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha conferta confluens auct. [non (Ach.) Stizenb.] (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha calcarea confluens Bagl. (Lecidea fumosa v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra confluens Erichsen (Pertusaria lactea v.) = Pertusaria lactea confluens H.Magn. (Stereocaulon fastigiatum f.) = Stereocaulon depressum (Frey) I.M.Lamb confluens (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb. (Verrucaria) = Mycomicrothelia confluens (Müll.Arg.) D.Hawksw./F confluens Müll.Arg. (Microthelia) = Mycomicrothelia confluens (Müll.Arg.) D.Hawksw./F confluens Weber (Lichen) = Lecidea confluens confoederans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea auriculata conformata Vain. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema conformatum (Vain.) Hale conformis (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (Arthopyrenia) = Anisomeridium biforme conformis Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Anisomeridium biforme confragosa (Ach.) Ach. (Lecanora atra v.) = Rinodina confragosa confragosa Ach. (Parmelia) = Rinodina confragosa confusa Garov. (Verrucaria) = Trematosphaeria confusa (Garov.) Boise & D.Hawksw./F confusa M.Jørg. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria confusa (M.Jørg.) M.Jørg. confusa (Nyl.) Boistel (Toninia) = Lecidea fuliginosa confusa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuliginosa confusior (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Catillaria scotinoides confusior (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Catillaria scotinoides confusior Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria scotinoides confusula (Nyl.) Hedl. (Micarea) = Micarea subnigrata (Nyl.) Coppins & H.Kilias confusula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea subnigrata (Nyl.) Coppins & H.Kilias congesta [Hepp ex] Kremp. (Toninia) = Toninia verrucarioides conglobata (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria velata ? conglobata Ach. (Variolaria) = Pertusaria velata ? conglobata [Laurer ex] Nyl. (Ramalina fastigiata f.) = Ramalina fastigiata conglomerascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Psorinia conglomerata conglomerascens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Psorinia conglomerata conglomerata (A.Massal.) Körb. (Psora) = Lecidea fuliginosa conglomerata (Ach.) Boistel (Toninia) = Psorinia conglomerata conglomerata (Bagl.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca pellodella conglomerata [Heyder ex] Körb. (Biatora) = Biatora fallax conglomerata sensu A.Massal. (Biatora) = Lecidea fuliginosa conglomerata Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Stereocaulon cumulatum (Sommerf.) Timdal conglomeratum (Ach.) A.Massal. (Thalloidima) = Psorinia conglomerata conglomeratum Bagl. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca pellodella conglomeratum (Fr.) A.Massal. (Rhizocarpon geographicum f.) = Rhizocarpon alpicola conglomeratum (Fr.) Jatta (Diplotomma geographicum f.) = Rhizocarpon alpicola conglomeratum (Fr.) Räsänen [comb.inval.] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon alpicola PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS conglomeratum (Hoffm.) Ach. (Collema fasciculare v.) = Collema conglomeratum conglomeratum Jatta (Collema meliteum v.) = Collema tenax conglomeratum sensu A.Massal. (Lethagrium) = Collema ligerinum conglomeratum (Th.Fr.) Vain. (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl. conglomeratus (Hoffm.) Körb. (Synechoblastus) = Collema conglomeratum congrediens auct. [non (Nyl.) Zahlbr.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca grimmiae congrediens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca congrediens congregata Turner & Borrer (Gyrophora polyphylla v.) = Umbilicaria polyphylla congruella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Pachyphiale fagicola coniangioides Bagl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia melanophthalma coniasis (A.Massal.) Lettau (Lecidea) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. coniasis coniasis (A.Massal.) Poelt [planta sed non nomen] (Protoblastenia) = Protoblastenia aurata coniasis (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Protoblastenia incrustans f.) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. coniasis coniasis A.Massal. (Biatora) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. coniasis conimbricensis Samp. (Rinodina) = Rinodina intermedia coniocarpa Laurer [nom.legit.] (Parmelia) = Parmotrema chinense coniocarpa Zschacke (Verrucaria elaeomelaena v.) = Verrucaria funckii coniocraea (Flörke) Nyl. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia coniocraea coniodes Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Sphaerellothecium coniodes (Nyl.) Cl.Roux & Diederich/F coniophaea Norman (Coniocybe) = Sclerophora coniophaea (Norman) J.Mattsson & Middelb. coniops (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. (Buellia) = Amandinea coniops (Wahlenb.) Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer coniops Wahlenb. (Lecidea) = Amandinea coniops (Wahlenb.) Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer coniopta (Nyl.) Hav. (Rinodina) = Rinodina luridescens coniopta (Nyl.) Malme (Buellia) = Rinodina luridescens coniopta Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina luridescens conioptiza (Nyl.) de Lesd. (Buellia) = Buellia badia conioptiza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia badia coniotropa (Fr.) Arnold (Lecanora dispersa v.) = Lecanora flotowiana conista A.W.Evans (Cladonia) = Cladonia humilis conistea ("Delise") Asahina (Cladonia) = Cladonia humilis conizaea (Ach.) [Nyl. ex] Cromb. [non auct.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora expallens conizaea auct. [non (Ach.) Cromb.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora strobilina conjungens Th.Fr. (Toninia) = Toninia verrucarioides connata Moris & De Not. (Ramalina scopulorum v.) = Ramalina siliquosa conoidea Ahti (Cladonia) = Cladonia humilis conoidea (Fr.) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Acrocordia conoidea conoidea (Fr.) Zahlbr. (Arthopyrenia) = Acrocordia conoidea conoidea Fr. (Verrucaria) = Acrocordia conoidea conoidellum Nyl. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon epibolum conoideum Höhn. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon superellum Nyl. conoplea (Ach.) Körb. (Pannaria rubiginosa v.) = Pannaria conoplea conoplea Ach. (Parmelia) = Pannaria conoplea consanguinea Anzi (Biatora) = Miriquidica leucophaea 80 consentiens (Nyl.) Hertel (Huilia) = Amygdalaria consentiens (Nyl.) Hertel, Brodo & May.Inoue consentiens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Amygdalaria consentiens (Nyl.) Hertel, Brodo & May.Inoue consequens Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis consociata J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca grimmiae consociatum Nádv. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis consociata conspersa (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa conspersa (Ach.) Körb. (Imbricaria) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa conspersa (Ach.) Schaer. (Parmelia centrifuga v.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa conspersa (Fr.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acaropora cervina v.) = Acarospora cervina conspersus Ach. (Lichen) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa conspurcans Th.Fr. (Arthopyrenia) = Stigmidium conspurcans (Th.Fr.) Triebel & R.Sant./F conspurcata J.Steiner (Arthopyrenia fallax v.) = Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa conspurcata (Schaer.) Hillmann (Parmelia verruculifera v.) = Melanelia subargentifera conspurcata (Schaer.) Vain. (Parmelia) = Melanelia subargentifera conspurcatus Sm. (Lichen) = Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata constans Nyl. (Lecanora) = Maronea constans constellata (Taylor) Zahlbr. (Pertusaria multipuncta f.) = Pertusaria polythecia constipata Norrl. & Nyl. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia constipata constricta Anzi (Sagedia) = Arthopyrenia sp. ? constricta (Anzi) Lettau (Porina) = Arthopyrenia sp. ? constricta Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria nigrescens ? constrictula Stirt. (Usnea) = Usnea cornuta constrictum Malme (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon richardii constristans sensu H.Magn. (Catillaria) = Micarea melaena contardonis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. contenebricans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina contermina Arnold (Buellia) = Buellia uberior contexta (Hedl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Micarea contexta contexta Stirt. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rufescens contigua (A.Massal.) Mig. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca crenularia contigua A.Massal. (Blastenia ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca crenularia contigua auct. [non Fr.] (Lecidea) = Porpidia macrocarpa contigua Eitner (Lecidea fuscoatra v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra contigua Flot. (Zeora coarctata v.) = Trapelia coarctata contigua Körb. (Verrucaria hymenea v.) = Verrucaria margacea contiguella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida contiguum (A.Massal.) Spitzner (Callopisma) = Caloplaca crenularia contiguum (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Rhizocarpon geographicum f.) = Rhizocarpon tinei contiguum (Schaer.) Jatta (Diplotomma geographicum f.) = Rhizocarpon tinei contorta Bagl. & Carestia (Lecidea) = Lecanora formosa contorta Bory [non (Hoffm.) Spreng.] (Parmelia) = Parmelia submontana contorta (Bory) Nyl. (Parmelia sulcata v.) = Parmelia submontana contorta (Bory) Zahlbr. (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia submontana contorta Elenkin (Usnea longissima v.) = Usnea longissima contorta (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Pachyospora calcarea v.) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta contorta (Hoffm.) DC. (Aspicilia calcarea v.) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta 81 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms contorta (Hoffm.) Flörke (Urceolaria scruposa v.) = Aspicilia contorta contorta (Hoffm.) Hepp (Lecanora calcarea v.) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta contorta (Hoffm.) Körb. (Aspicilia calcarea v.) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta contorta (Hoffm.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta contorta (Hoffm.) Spreng. [non Bory] (Parmelia) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta contorta Hoffm. (Verrucaria) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta contortoides Zahlbr. (Parmelia sulcata v.) = Parmelia submontana contortula Steud. (Lecidea) = Porpidia macrocarpa contortuplicata Ach. (Parmelia) = Xanthoria contortuplicata contortuplicatus (Ach.) Clauzade & Rondon (Teloschistes) = Xanthoria contortuplicata contracta Schaer. (Urceolaria actinostoma v.) = Diploschistes actinostomus contracta (Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Rimularia badioatra contracta Th.Fr. (Lecanora bockii f.) = Rimularia badioatra contractus (Schaer.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes actinostomus f.) = Diploschistes actinostomus contraponenda Arnold (Lecidea) = Porpidia contraponenda contraria Malme (Lecidea) = Eiglera flavida contribuens (Nyl.) Boistel (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata contribuens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina oxydata contribulans Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Lauderlindsaya acroglypta (Norman) R.Sant. contristans (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatorina) = Catillaria contristans contristans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria contristans controversa (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria nigrescens controversa (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Lecanora sophodes f.) = Rinodinella controversa controversa (A.Massal.) Rabenh. (Xanthoria) = Xanthoria candelaria controversa (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Rinodinella controversa controversa A.Massal. (Physcia) = Xanthoria candelaria controversa A.Massal. (Rinodina) = Rinodinella controversa controversa A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria nigrescens controversa auct.ital. p.p. (Physcia) = Xanthoria fallax controversa auct.ital. p.p. (Physcia) = Xanthoria ulophyllodes controversum Anzi (Lecothecium) = Placynthium subradiatum contrusa Vain. [nom.illegit.] (Lecidea) = Carbonea intrusa contumescens (Nyl.) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Heteroplacidium contumescens contumescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Heteroplacidium contumescens contumescens Nyl. (Endocarpon) = Heteroplacidium contumescens convarians Nyl. (Gyalecta) = Gyalidea lecideopsis v. convarians (Nyl.) Lettau conversum (Kremp.) Anzi (Placodium) = Caloplaca conversa conversum Kremp. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca conversa convexa de Lesd. (Caloplaca festiva f.) = Caloplaca crenularia convexa de Lesd. (Lecanactis patellarioides v.) = Bactrospora patellarioides v. convexa convexa (Fr.) Flagey (Lecidea) = Porpidia musiva (Körb.) Hertel & Knoph convexa (Fr.) H.Magn. (Lecidea macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia musiva (Körb.) Hertel & Knoph convexa (Fr.) Hertel (Huilia macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia musiva (Körb.) Hertel & Knoph convexa (Schaer.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca livida convexa Th.Fr. (Buellia) = Diplotomma pulverulentum convexula Arnold (Lecanora subintricata v.) = Lecanora hypopta convexula Flagey (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii convoluta (Lam.) Cretz. (Cladonia foliacea ssp.) = Cladonia convoluta convoluta (Lam.) Vain. (Cladonia foliacea v.) = Cladonia convoluta convoluta (Rabenh.) Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis convoluta Rabenh. (Parmelia conspersa f.) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis convolutus Lam. (Lichen) = Cladonia convoluta cooperta (Ach.) Poetsch (Lecania) = Lecania nylanderiana copelandii (Körb.) Eitner (Catocarpus badioater f.) = Rhizocarpon copelandii copelandii (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon copelandii copelandii Körb. (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon copelandii coprodes (Körb.) Lettau (Bacidia) = Bacidia trachona coprodes Körb. (Bilimbia) = Bacidia trachona copromya A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = ? copromya Anzi (Arthonia) = Conida sp./F coracina (Ach.) Hepp (Lecanora) = Schaereria fuscocinerea coracina Ach. [non Sommerf.] (Lecidea) = Schaereria fuscocinerea coracina Körb. (Buellia) = Orphniospora moriopsis coracina (Sommerf.) Schaer. (Lecidea morio v.) = Sporastatia testudinea coracina (Sommerf.) Stein (Sporastatia testudinea v.) = Sporastatia testudinea coracina (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Biatorella testudinea v.) = Sporastatia testudinea coracina Sommerf. [non Ach.] (Lecidea) = Sporastatia testudinea coracodiza (Nyl.) Forssell (Psorotichia) = Pterygiopsis coracodiza (Nyl.) Henssen corallicola Gyeln. (Parmelia saxatilis f.) = Parmelia saxatilis coralliferum Degel. (Collema) = Collema glebulentum corallina Kremp. (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa corallina (L.) Ach. (Variolaria) = Pertusaria corallina corallina (Zahlbr.) J.R.Laundon. (Pertusaria albescens v.) = Pertusaria albescens corallina Zahlbr. (Pertusaria globulifera v.) = Pertusaria albescens corallinoides auct. [non (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.] (Parmeliella) = Parmeliella triptophylla corallinoides (Hoffm.) Jatta (Placynthium) = Placynthium nigrum corallinoides (Hoffm.) Körb. (Lecothecium) = Placynthium nigrum corallinoides sensu Ach. (Lecidea microphylla v.) = Parmeliella triptophylla corallinum (A.Massal.) Degel. (Collema tenax v.) = Collema tenax corallinum A.Massal. (Collema pulposum v.) = Collema tenax corallinus L. (Lichen) = Pertusaria corallina coralliza Nyl. (Lecanora) = Candelariella coralliza coralloidea (Anzi) Croz. (Pertusaria rupicola v.) = Pertusaria rupicola coralloidea (Anzi) Jatta (Pertusaria sulphurea v.) = Pertusaria rupicola coralloidea Hazsl. (Imbricaria conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS coralloidea Lynge (Parmelia sorediata v.) = Melanelia disjuncta coralloidea (P.James) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Zamenhofia) = Porina coralloidea coralloidea (Wallr.) Körb. (Cetraria glauca f.) = Platismatia glauca coralloides (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Omphalaria) = Peccania coralloides coralloides A.Massal. (Corinophorus) = Peccania coralloides coralloides Fr. (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon dactylophyllum coralloides Pers. (Sphaerophorus) = Sphaerophorus globosus coralloideum Jatta (Leptogium menziesii v.) = Leptogium burnetiae coralloideum Meyen & Flot. (Leptogium diaphanum v.) = Leptogium coralloideum coralloideum (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Lopadium pezizoides v.) = Lopadium coralloideum (Nyl.) Lynge coralloideum (Nyl.) Vain. (Sporopodium pezizoideum v.) = Lopadium coralloideum (Nyl.) Lynge corallophora Poelt (Lecanora) = Aspicilia corallophora (Poelt) Hafellner & Türk corcyrense Arnold (Lethagrium orbiculare f.) = Collema polycarpon ssp. corcyrense corcyrense (Arnold) Harm. (Collema polycarpon v.) = Collema polycarpon ssp. corcyrense coriacea Imshaug (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria rigida (Du Rietz) Frey coriacella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea kochiana corinthiaca Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria caesioalba coriscium Gams (Omphalina) = Omphalina hudsoniana cornea (With.) A.Massal. (Bacidia) = Pachyphiale carneola cornea (With.) Poetsch (Pachyphiale) = Pachyphiale carneola cornea (With.) Tuck. (Gyalecta) = Pachyphiale carneola cornicularioides A.Massal. (Leptogium) = Placynthium filiforme corniculata Egeling (Cetraria) = Cetraria aculeata corniculata (Wallr.) H.Olivier (Arthopyrenia) = Obryzum corniculatum Wallr./F corniculata (Wallr.) Leighton (Verrucaria) = Obryzum corniculatum Wallr./F corniculatum auct.ital. [non Wallr.] (Obryzum) = Leptogium corniculatum corniculatum Hoffm. (Collema) = Leptogium corniculatum corniculatum (Wallr.) Wallr. (Thrombium) = Obryzum corniculatum Wallr./F cornigerus With. (Lichen) = Cladonia subulata cornuata (Ach.) A.E.Wade (Ramalina siliquosa f.) = Ramalina siliquosa cornucopioides F.Wilson (Cladonia) = Cladonia coccifera cornuta (Körb.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Usnea inflata v.) = Usnea cornuta cornuta (L.) Dufour (Cenomyce) = Cladonia cornuta cornutoradiata (Vain.) Zopf (Cladonia) = Cladonia subulata cornutoradiata Vain. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia subulata cornutus L. (Lichen) = Cladonia cornuta corollidia Stirt. (Lecidea) = Porpidia platycarpoides coronata (A.Massal.) Jatta (Lecanora) = Aspicilia coronata coronata (A.Massal.) Körb. (Aspicilia calcarea v.) = Aspicilia coronata coronata A.Massal. (Pachyospora) = Aspicilia coronata coronata Ach. (Porina) = Pertusaria coronata coronata (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Pannaria brunnea v.) = Moelleropsis nebulosa coronata (Hoffm.) Rabenh. (Biatora tryptophylla v.) = Moelleropsis nebulosa 82 coronata (Hoffm.) Röhl. (Lecanora) = Moelleropsis nebulosa coronata (Körb.) Jatta (Caloplaca aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca coronata coronata Th.Fr. (Rhexophiale) = Rhexophiale rhexoblephara (Nyl.) Zahlbr. coronatum (Hoffm.) Bagl. (Lepidoma brunneum v.) = Moelleropsis nebulosa coronatum Körb. (Collema tenax v.) = Collema tenax coronatum [Kremp. ex] Körb. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca coronata corrosa Jatta (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. ? corrosa (Körb.) Arnold (Microglaena) = Protothelenella corrosa corrosa (Körb.) Trevis. (Acrorixis) = Protothelenella corrosa corrosa (Körb.) Vain. (Thelenella) = Protothelenella corrosa corrosa Körb. (Limboria) = Protothelenella corrosa corrugata Ach. (Lecidea) = Cliostomum corrugatum corrugata Ach. (Parmelia) = Pleurosticta acetabulum corrugata (DC.) Nyl. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria nylanderiana corrugata (DC.) Nyl. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria nylanderiana corrugatoides Frey (Umbilicaria cylindrica v.) = Umbilicaria cylindrica corrugatomontuosum Couderc (Leptogium) = Leptogium coralloideum corrugatula Arnold (Lecidea) = Rimularia badioatra corrugatula (Arnold) Hue (Aspicilia) = Rimularia badioatra corrugatula (Arnold) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rimularia badioatra corrugatum (Ach.) Fr. (Rhytisma) = Cliostomum corrugatum corrusca (Ach.) Ozenda & Clauzade (Candelariella vitellina v.) = Candelariella vitellina corruscans (Ach.) Flot. (Zeora vitellina v.) = Candelariella vitellina corruscans Norman (Xylographa) = Xylographa vitiligo corsicana Müll.Arg. (Anaptychia aquila v.) = Anaptychia runcinata corsicana Zschacke (Ramalina) = Ramalina sp. corticata Anzi (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. ? corticata Vain. (Cladonia macilenta v.) = Cladonia macilenta ssp. floerkeana corticicola [Anzi ex] Arnold (Blastenia ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca ferruginea corticicola Anzi (Bacidia holomelaena v.) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum corticicola Anzi (Pertusaria fallax v.) = Pertusaria hymenea corticicola Anzi (Rinodina exigua v.) = Rinodina orculata corticicola (Anzi) Bausch (Bacidia umbrina v.) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum corticicola (Anzi) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum corticicola (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Rinodina) = Rinodina capensis corticicola Rabenh. (Ochrolechia tartarea v.) = Ochrolechia androgyna corticola A.Massal. (Lecanora pallescens v.) = Ochrolechia pallescens corticola Anzi (Caloplaca ferruginea f.) = Caloplaca hungarica ? corticola Arnold (Rinodina teichophila v.) = Rinodina capensis corticola (Arnold) Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodina capensis corticola Ellis & Everh. (Melanopsamma) = Anisomeridium polypori corticola (Fr.) H.Magn. (Lecidea cyathoides v.) = Fuscidea stiriaca corticola (Fr.) Jatta (Lecidea rivulosa v.) = Fuscidea stiriaca corticola (Fr.) Kalb (Fuscidea cyathoides v.) = Fuscidea stiriaca 83 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms corticola H.Magn. (Dermatocarpon daedaleum v.) = Catapyrenium psoromoides corticola Harm. (Lecanora repanda f.) = Dirina ceratoniae corticola (Hepp) Egeling (Lecanora atra v.) = Tephromela atra v. torulosa corticola (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Parmelia olivacea v.) = Melanlia olivacea corticola (Lönnr.) A.L.Sm. (Gyalecta) = Pachyphiale fagicola corticola Lönnr. (Pachyphiale) = Pachyphiale fagicola corticola (Nyl.) Lettau (Lecanactis) = Bactrospora corticola corticola Taylor (Collema) = Leptogium corticola corticola Th.Fr. (Bacidia atrosanguinea v.) = Bacidia subincompta corticolum (Anzi) Arnold (Scoliciosporum) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum corticolum (Anzi) Bagl. & Carestia (Scoliciosporum umbrinum v.) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum coryli (A.Massal.) Müll.Arg. (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenula coryli coryli (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Pyrenula coryli coryli (A.Massal.) Vain. (Mycopyrenula) = Pyrenula coryli corymbosa (Ach.) Nyl. (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia furcata corynella (Ach.) Vain. (Caliciella) = Calicium corynellum corynellus Ach. (Lichen) = Calicium corynellum coudercii (Harm.) Erichsen (Pertusaria flavicans v.) = Pertusaria flavicans coudercii Harm. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria flavicans craspedia (Ach.) Szatala (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca arenaria craspedia Körb. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria leucosticta crassa A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium decipiens crassa (DC.) A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Enterographa crassa crassa DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Opegrapha) = Enterographa crassa crassa ([Delise ex] Nyl.) Motyka (Ramalina) = Ramalina siliquosa crassa Garov. (Verrucaria fuscella v.) = Verrucaria fuscella crassa (Huds.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Squamarina cartilaginea crassa (Huds.) DC. (Squamaria) = Squamarina cartilaginea crassa (Huds.) Poelt (Squamarina) = Squamarina cartilaginea crassa Maheu & A.Gillet (Dirina repanda v.) = Dirina massiliensis crassescens (Nyl.) Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodina confragosa crassior (Erichsen) Zahlbr. (Buellia punctata f.) = Amandinea lecideina crassipes (Th.Fr.) Coppins (Micarea) = Helocarpon crassipes crassipes (Th.Fr.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Helocarpon crassipes crassiseda Anzi (Sagedia sprucei v.) = Thelidium papulare crassissima auct. [non (Hue) Lettau] (Lepraria) = Lepraria nivalis crassissima Hue [non auct.] (Crocynia) = Lepraria incana crassissima (Hue) Lettau [non auct.] (Lepraria) = Lepraria incana crassissima (Nyl.) Cout. (Ochrolechia tartarea f.) = Ochrolechia tartarea crassissima Nyl. (Lecanora tartarea f.) = Ochrolechia tartarea crassoides Gyeln. (Peltigera polydactyla v.) = Peltigera hymenina crassula H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Lecanora chlarotera crassulum (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria compacta crassulum Müll.Arg. (Endopyrenium) = Verrucaria compacta crassum [A.Massal. ex] Körb. (Thelidium) = Thelidium decipiens crassum (DC.) A.Massal. (Leucodecton) = Enterographa crassa crassum (DC.) Duby (Stigmatidium) = Enterographa crassa crassum (DC.) Zahlbr. (Chiodecton) = Enterographa crassa crassum (Huds.) Gray (Psoroma) = Squamarina cartilaginea crassum (Huds.) Th.Fr. (Placodium) = Squamarina cartilaginea crassum (Körb.) Servít (Amphoridium) = Thelidium decipiens crassus Huds. (Lichen) = Squamarina cartilaginea crataegi (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Leiophoea analepta v.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis crataegi A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia analepta v.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis cravensis (Clauzade & Cl.Roux) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Squamarina concrescens ssp.) = Squamarina concrescens ? cravensis Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Squamarina concrescens v.) = Squamarina concrescens ? creatina [Norman ex] Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Koerberiella wimmeriana creatomma (Norman) Zahlbr. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria leioplaca crenata (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Candelariella) = Candelariella arctica crenularius With. (Lichen) = Caloplaca crenularia crenulata [Ach. ex] Flörke (Cenomyce) = Cladonia deformis crenulata (Flörke) Flörke (Cladonia) = Cladonia deformis crenulata (Hook.) Ach. (Lecanora hagenii v.) = Lecanora crenulata crenulata (Hook.) Trevis. (Patellaria subfusca v.) = Lecanora crenulata crenulata (Nyl.) Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Placidiopsis custnani crenulata (Nyl.) Servít (Paraplacidiopsis) = Placidiopsis custnani crenulata (Nyl.) Zsch. (Placidiopsis) = Placidiopsis custnani crenulata Vain. (Physcia aipolia v.) = Physcia aipolia crenulata (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca) = Candelariella arctica (Körb.) R.Sant. [in Vĕzda] crenulata (Wahlenb.) Zahlbr. (Candelariella) = Candelariella arctica (Körb.) R.Sant. [in Vĕzda] crenulatella Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca crenulatella crenulatellum (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium) = Caloplaca crenulatella crenulatum de Lesd. (Schismatomma diplotommoides v.) = Schismatomma dirinellum crenulatum H.Magn. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri crenulatum (Nyl.) Mig. (Dermatocarpon) = Placidiopsis custnani crenulatum Schaer. (Collema auriculatum v.) = Collema auriforme crenulatus With. (Lichen) = Pannaria rubiginosa crespoae Barreno & Vàzquez (Coelocaulon) = Cetraria crespoae cretacea Ach. (Gyalecta) = Diploschistes gypsaceus cretacea Hue (Crocynia) = Schismatomma cretaceum cretacea (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pruinosa cretaceosorediosa Gyeln. (Parmelia rosiformis f.) = Parmelia sulcata cretaceum Müll.Arg. (Placodium) = Lecanora pruinosa cretaceum (Sm.) Nyl. (Leptogium) = Leptogium sp. cretaceum Sm. (Lichen) = Leptogium sp. cretaceum Zahlbr. (Chiodecton) = Dirina cretacea cretaceus (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Diploschistes scruposus ssp.) = Diploschistes gypsaceus cretaceus (Ach.) Lettau (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes gypsaceus cretensis Zahlbr. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca cretensis cribellifera (Nyl.) Henssen (Gonohymenia) = Lichinella cribellifera cribellifera (Nyl.) Servít (Reichingeria) = Lichinella cribellifera cribellifera (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Thyrea) = Lichinella cribellifera cribellifera Nyl. (Omphalaria) = Lichinella cribellifera cribrosa De Not. (Ramalina) = Ramalina siliquosa PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS cribrosa (Wallr.) Vain. (Cladonia cariosa v.) = Cladonia cribrosa crinalis (Ach.) Gyeln. (Ramalina) = Ramalina thrausta crinalis (Ach.) H.Olivier (Alectoria sarmentosa v.) = Ramalina thrausta crinalis (Ach.) Körb. (Bryopogon sarmentosum v.) = Ramalina thrausta crinalis (Ach.) Rabenh. (Bryopogon ochroleucum v.) = Ramalina thrausta crinalis Ach. (Alectoria sarmentosa v.) = Alectoria sarmentosa crinalis Ach. (Alectoria) = Ramalina thrausta crinalis (Schleich.) Rabenh. (Anaptychia ciliaris v.) = Anaptychia crinalis crinalis (Schleich.) Schaer. (Physcia ciliaris v.) = Anaptychia crinalis crinalis Schleich. [in Schaer.] (Physcia ciliaris v.) = Anaptychia crinalis crinita Ach. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema crinitum crinita Hoffm. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria cylindrica v. cylindrica crinitus Lightf. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria cylindrica crispa [A.Massal. ex] Beltr. (Ramalina polymorpha v.) = Ramalina calicaris crispa (Ach.) Nyl. (Cetraria) = Cetraria ericetorum crispa Ach. (Cetraria islandica v.) = Cetraria ericetorum crispa Ach. (Peltidea canina v.) = Peltigera rufescens crispa Gyeln. (Peltigera malacea f.) = Peltigera malacea crispa Kickx (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera rufescens crispa Motyka (Alectoria) = Bryoria fuscescens crispa Motyka (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea crispata (Ach.) Flörke (Cenomyce) = Cladonia crispata crispata J.Kicks f. (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera didactyla crispatula Nyl. (Heppia) = Peltula crispatula (Nyl.) Egea crispatus Ach. (Baeomyces turbinatus v.) = Cladonia crispata crispa (Vain.) Gyeln. (Peltigera variolosa f.) = Peltigera leucophlebia crispa Vain. (Peltidea aphthosa f.) = Peltigera leucophlebia crispum (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum crispum A.Massal. (Endocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum crispus Huds. (Lichen) = Collema crispum cristata (Leight.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Unguiculariopsis thallophila (P.Karst.) W.Y.Zhuang/F cristata (Leight.) Arnold (Catillaria) = Unguiculariopsis thallophila (P.Karst.) W.Y.Zhuang/F cristata Leight. (Lecidea) = Unguiculariopsis thallophila (P.Karst.) W.Y.Zhuang/F cristatum (L.) Ach. (Collema crispum v.) = Collema cristatum cristatus L. (Lichen) = Collema cristatum croatica (Schuler & Zahlbr.) Vĕzda (Gyalecta truncigena v.) = Gyalecta derivata croatica Schuler & Zahlbr. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta derivata croatica Servít (Verrucaria crassa f.) = Bagliettoa parmigera crocata (L.) Ach. (Sticta) = Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vain. crocatus L. (Lichen) = Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vain. crocea de Lesd. (Astroplaca opaca v.) = Placolecis opaca croceae Bagl. & Carestia (Xenosphaeria) = Protothelenella croceae crocea (L.) Ach. (Peltidea) = Solorina crocea crocea (L.) Hoffm. (Peltigera) = Solorina crocea croceus L. (Lichen) = Solorina crocea crombei A.L.Sm. (Arthopyrenia) = Arthopyrenia cerasi crombei Nyl. (Lecidea) = Calvitimela aglaea crossota Ach. (Cladonia cenotea v.) = Cladonia cenotea 84 crozalsiana (de Lesd.) Hale (Pseudoparmelia) = Canoparmelia crozalsiana crozalsiana de Lesd. (Arthonia) = Arthonia albopulverea crozalsiana de Lesd. [in Harm.] (Parmelia) = Canoparmelia crozalsiana crozalsiana H.Olivier (Lecania) = Bacidia crozalsiana crozalsianum (de Lesd.) de Lesd. (Arthothelium) = Arthonia albopulverea crozalsianum Harm. (Leptogium) = Epiphloea terrena crozalsii de Lesd. (Acarospora) = Acarospora veronensis cruenta (Körb.) Körb. (Sphaeromphale) = Polyblastia cruenta cruenta Körb. (Segestrella) = Polyblastia cruenta crustaceum (Kremp.) Degel. (Collema tenax v.) = Collema tenax crustaceum Kremp. (Collema) = Collema tenax crustaeformis Gyeln. (Parmelia protomatrae f.) = Xanthoparmelia protomatrae crustifera Vain. (Calicium abietinum v.) = Calicium abietinum crustificans Hilitzer (Parmelia) = Melanelia panniformis crustificans Servít (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria sp. crustosa H.Magn. (Ionaspis epulotica v.) = Hymenelia rhodopis (Sommerf.) Lutzoni crustosa H.Magn. (Ionaspis epulotica v.) = Hymenelia rhodopis (Sommerf.) Lutzoni crustosum Turner & Borrer (Calicium sphaerocephalum v.) = Calicium salicinum crustulata (A.Massal.) Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodinella controversa crustulata A.Massal. (Rinodina controversa f.) = Rinodinella controversa crustulata (Ach.) Hepp (Biatora) = Porpidia crustulata crustulata (Ach.) Hertel (Huilia) = Porpidia crustulata crustulata (Ach.) Spreng. (Lecidea) = Porpidia crustulata crustulata Ach. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Porpidia crustulata crustulatum (Ach.) M.Choisy (Haplocarpon) = Porpidia crustulata crustulosa (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Gyrophora depressa v.) = Umbilicaria crustulosa ssp. crustulosa v. crustulosa crustulosa Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria crustulosa ssp. crustulosa v. crustulosa crustulosus (Ach.) Schol. (Omphalodiscus) = Umbilicaria crustulosa ssp. crustulosa v. crustulosa cryptarum Garov. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium papulare crypticum Arnold (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria cryptica crystallifera (Vain.) Hav. (Buellia) = Buellia ectolechioides (Vain.) Erichsen crystalligenum Lynge (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon superficiale csernaensis Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aethiobola cucularis Norman (Limboria) = Lethariicola cucularis (Norman) Lumbsch & D.Hawksw./F cucularis (Norman) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes) = Lethariicola cucularis (Norman) Lumbsch & D.Hawksw./F cucullata (Bellardi) Ach. (Cetraria) = Flavocetraria cucullata cucullata (Bellardi) Randlane & Saag (Allocetraria) = Flavocetraria cucullata cucullatus Bellardi (Lichen) = Flavocetraria cucullata culmigena (De Not. & Bagl.) Puntillo (Chaenothecopsis) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla ? culmigenum (De Not. & Bagl.) Vain. (Embolidium) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla ? culmigenum De Not. & Bagl. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla ? cumberlandia Gyeln. (Parmelia subconspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia 85 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms cumulata (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Toninia) = Stereocaulon cumulatum (Sommerf.) Timdal cumulata Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Stereocaulon cumulatum (Sommerf.) Timdal cuprea (A.Massal.) Lettau (Bacidia) = Lecania cuprea cuprea A.Massal. (Acrocordia garovaglii f.) = Acrocordia conoidea cuprea A.Massal. (Bilimbia) = Lecania cuprea cuprea Fr. (Lecidea) = Biatora cuprea cuprea (Sommerf.) M.Choisy (Pyrrhospora) = Biatora cuprea (Sommerf.) Fr. cuprea Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Biatora cuprea (Sommerf.) Fr. cupreiformis (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatora) = Mycobilimbia berengeriana cupreoatra (Nyl.) Arnold (Aspicilia) = Immersaria cupreoatra cupreoatra (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Bellemerea) = Immersaria cupreoatra cupreoatra Nyl. (Lecanora) = Immersaria cupreoatra cupreobadia Nyl. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia cupreobadia cupreogrisea Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia cupreogrisea cupreola Müll.Arg. (Buellia) = Amandinea punctata cupreorosella [Nyl. ex] Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Lecania cuprea cupreorosella (Stizenb.) A.Schneid. (Bacidia) = Lecania cuprea cupreorosella (Stizenb.) Tuck. (Biatora) = Lecania cuprea cupressina (Bagl.) Jatta (Caloplaca pyracea v.) = Caloplaca pyracea cupressinum Bagl. (Callopisma luteoalbum v.) = Caloplaca pyracea cuprigenum Poelt (Haematomma ventosum v.) = Ophioparma ventosum v. cuprigenum (Poelt) Hafellner & R.W.Rogers cupularis (Hedw.) Schaer. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta jenensis cupuliformis (Räsänen) H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidea erythrophaea ? curnowii (A.L.Sm.) Hafellner & Kalb (Pseudosagedia) = Porina curnowii curnowii (A.L.Sm.) Swinscow (Porina guentheri v.) = Porina curnowii curnowii Cromb. (Ramalina) = Ramalina cuspidata Nyl. curta H.Magn. (Coniocybe) = Sclerophora nivea curtiusculum Nyl. (Calicium) = Calicium quercinum curtum [Turner & Borrer ex] Sm. (Calicium) = Calicium abietinum curvabilis Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia curvabilis (Nyl.) Hue curvescens Mudd (Pannaria) = Bryonora curvescens curvescens (Mudd) [Nyl. ex] Carroll (Lecanora) = Bryonora curvescens curvescens (Mudd) A.L.Sm. (Lecania) = Bryonora curvescens curvescens (Mudd) Th.Fr. (Biatora) = Bryonora curvescens curvescens (Mudd) Th.Fr. (Lecanora castanea f.) = Bryonora curvescens curvula (H.Magn.) Hertel (Fuscidea) = Fuscidea recensa curvula H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea recensa custnani (A.Massal.) Jatta (Catapyrenium) = Placidiopsis custnani custnani (A.Massal.) Müll.Arg. (Endocarpidium) = Placidiopsis custnani custnani A.Massal. (Placidium) = Placidiopsis custnani cyanea [Flörke ex] Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidella anomaloides cyanea sensu Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea tessellata cyanea sensu Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina cyanescens (Hellb.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon polycarpum cyanescens Rabenh. (Collema) = Leptogium cyanescens cyanipes Sommerf. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia cyanipes cyaniza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana cyanocarpa Anzi (Aspicilia) = Hymenelia cyanocarpa cyanocarpa (Anzi) Jatta (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia cyanocarpa cyanolepra (DC.) J.J.Kickx (Caloplaca cerina v.) = Caloplaca cerina cyanolepra DC. (Patellaria cerina v.) = Caloplaca cerina cyanoleprum (DC.) A.Massal. (Callopisma cerinum v.) = Caloplaca cerina cyanoleprum (DC.) Anzi (Placodium cerinum f.) = Caloplaca cerina cyanoloma Schaer. (Pannaria plumbea v.) = Degelia plumbea cyanopolium (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium cerinum f.) = Caloplaca chlorina cyanothalama Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia hydrophila (Fr.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab cyathodes (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Plectospora) = Lempholemma elveloideum cyathodes (A.Massal.) Jatta (Physma) = Lempholemma elveloideum cyathodes (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Collema) = Lempholemma elveloideum cyathodes A.Massal. (Arnoldia) = Lempholemma elveloideum cyathoides (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea cyathoides cyathoides Ach. (Lichen) = Fuscidea cyathoides cyclisca (A.Massal.) Malbr. (Lecidea) = Clauzadea chondrodes ? cyclisca (A.Massal.) V.Wirth (Clauzadea) = Clauzadea chondrodes ? cyclisca A.Massal. (Biatora) = Clauzadea chondrodes ? cyclocarpa Anzi (Lithographa) = Polysporina cyclocarpa cyclocarpa (Anzi) J.Steiner (Sarcogyne) = Polysporina cyclocarpa cyclocarpa (Anzi) Jatta (Acarospora) = Polysporina cyclocarpa cyclocarpa (Anzi) Linds. (Biatorella) = Polysporina cyclocarpa cyclodes [Hellb. ex] Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon copelandii cycloselis (Ach.) A.Massal. (Anaptychia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis cycloselis (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis cycloselis (Ach.) Schaer. (Parmelia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis cycloselis (Ach.) Vain. [in Räsänen] (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis cyclosora Lettau (Lecidea) = Porpidia zeoroides cyclospora [Hepp ex] Körb. (Biatora) = Protoblastenia cyclospora cyclospora (Körb.) Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Protoblastenia cyclospora cylindrica (L.) Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria cylindrica v. cylindrica cylindrica Schrad. (Cladonia cornuta v.) = Cladonia cornuta cylindricus L. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria cylindrica v. cylindrica cylindrospora P.Crouan & H.Crouan (Verrucaria) = Sarcopyrenia cylindrospora (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) B.A.Aguirre/F cylisphora (Ach.) Vain. (Parmelia) = Flavoparmelia caperata cymbiformis Flörke (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia cyphellata J.W.Thomson (Agrestia) = Aspicilia hispida cypria (Körb.) Hafellner (Tephromela) = Tephromela atra v. calcarea cypria Körb. (Lecanora) = Tephromela atra v. calcarea cyrtaspis auct. (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia melanocarpa cyrtella (Ach.) A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Lecania cyrtella cyrtella (Ach.) Jatta (Lecaniella) = Lecania cyrtella cyrtella (Ach.) Rabenh. (Biatora anomala v.) = Lecania cyrtella cyrtella (Ach.) Stein (Dimerospora) = Lecania cyrtella cyrtella (Ach.) Trevis. (Sporoblastia) = Lecania cyrtella cyrtella (Ach.) W.Mann (Biatora) = Lecania cyrtella PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS cyrtella Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecania cyrtella cyrtellina (Nyl.) Lettau (Lecidea) = Lecania cyrtellina cyrtellina Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecania cyrtellina cyrtelloides Anzi (Bilimbia) = Lecania naegelii cyrtidia Tuck. (Lecidea) = Micarea lapillicola cytisi (A.Massal.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Lecideopsis) = Arthonia cytisi cytisi A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia persoonii f.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis cytospora Vouaux (Phyllosticta) = Phoma cytospora (Vouaux) D.Hawks./F dacica Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria albescens dactylodes Gyeln. (Peltigera malacea v.) = Peltigera malacea dactylodes Gyeln. (Peltigera variolosa v.) = Peltigera leucophlebia dactylophyllum (Flörke) Th.Fr. (Stereocaulon coralloides v.) = Stereocaulon dactylophyllum daedalea (Kremp.) Creveld (Placidiopsis) = Catapyrenium daedaleum daedaleum (Kremp.) Körb. (Endopyrenium) = Catapyrenium daedaleum daedaleum (Kremp.) Kremp. (Placidium) = Catapyrenium daedaleum daedaleum (Kremp.) Th.Fr. (Dermatocarpon) = Catapyrenium daedaleum daedaleum Kremp. (Endocarpon) = Catapyrenium daedaleum daedaleus (Kremp.) Trevis. (Placocarpus) = Catapyrenium daedaleum dahliana Kristinsson (Cladonia) = Cladonia symphycarpia dalecarlica Gyeln. (Peltigera lepidophora v.) = Peltigera lepidophora dalecarlica H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia zonata (Ach.) R.Sant. dalmatica (A.Massal.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca velana v.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. dalmatica Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia dalmatica dalmatica Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea flammea dalmatica Servít (Placidiopsis) = Placidiopsis cinerascens dalmatica (Zahlbr.) Croz. (Lecanora) = Rinodina dalmatica dalmatica Zahlbr. (Arthonia) = Arthonia pinastri dalmatica Zahlbr. (Caloplaca heppiana v.) = Caloplaca flavescens dalmaticum A.Massal. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. dalmaticum Körb. (Staurolemma) = Staurolemma omphalarioides damicornis (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Cladonia foliacea v.) = Cladonia foliacea danica Erichsen (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha vulgata danicum Galløe (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum daphoena Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lithophila dasaea Stirt. (Lecidea) = Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tønsberg dasypoga (Ach.) Fr. (Usnea barbata v.) = Usnea filipendula dasypoga (Ach.) Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea filipendula davosiensis Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria elaeomelaena ? dealbata [A.Massal. ex] Rabenh. (Psora decipiens v.) = Psora decipiens dealbata A.Massal. (Lecanora agardhianoides v.) = Lecanora agardhiana dealbata Ach. (Urceolaria bryophila v.) = Diploschistes muscorum dealbata Anzi (Squamaria saxicola v. diffracta f.) = Lecanora muralis dealbata auct. [non (Ach.) Nyl.] (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria aspergilla 86 dealbata Durieu (Lecanora schleicheri v.) = Acarospora schleicheri dealbata Llimona (Pertusaria gallica v.) = Pertusaria pluripuncta dealbata (Rabenh.) Jatta (Lecidea decipiens f.) = Psora decipiens dealbatula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Cecidonia xenophana dealbatum A.Massal. (Rhizocarpon petraeum v.) = Rhizocarpon petraeum dealbatus (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes scruposus f.) = Diploschistes muscorum dealbescens auct. [non Erichsen] (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria aspergilla deaurata Hoffm. (Psora) = Psoroma hypnorum deauratum (Hoffm.) Nyl. (Psoroma hypnorum v.) = Psoroma hypnorum deaureolata A.Massal. (Blastodesmia lactea v.) = Julella lactea debile [Turner & Borrer ex] Sm. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis debilis debilis Lettau (Peltigera polydactyla f.) = Peltigera neckeri debilis [Turner & Borrer ex] Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Lichen) = Chaenothecopsis debilis decandollei Hepp (Biatora) = Lecidea exigua decandollei (Hepp) Jatta (Lecidea) = Lecidea exigua decandollei (Stizenb.) Arnold (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha calcarea decandollei Stizenb. (Opegrapha saxicola v.) = Opegrapha calcarea decedens (Hepp.) Mig. (Bacidia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum deceptoria (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Psora albilabra ssp.) = Psora vallesiaca deceptoria (Nyl.) Flagey (Psora) = Psora vallesiaca deceptoria (Nyl.) Werner & M.Choisy (Squamaria) = Psora vallesiaca deceptoria Nyl. (Lecidea) = Psora vallesiaca decincta Nyl. (Lecanora) = Fuscidea intercincta (Nyl.) Poelt [in Poelt & Buschardt] decinerascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon infernulum (Nyl.) Lynge decinerascens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon infernulum (Nyl.) Lynge decipiens (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Thyrea) = Anema decipiens decipiens (A.Massal.) Anzi (Endocarpon) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. decipiens decipiens (A.Massal.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Dermatocarpon) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. decipiens decipiens (A.Massal.) Lambinon (Dermatocarpon weberi v.) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. decipiens decipiens (A.Massal.) N.S.Golubk. (Sarcogyne regularis v.) = Sarcogyne regularis ? decipiens (A.Massal.) N.S.Golubk. [nomen sed non planta] (Sarcogyne regularis v.) = Polysporina simplex ? decipiens (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Collema) = Anema decipiens decipiens (A.Massal.) Vain. (Dermatocarpon fluviatile v.) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. decipiens decipiens (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon aquaticum v.) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. decipiens decipiens A.Massal. (Calicium) = Calicium quercinum decipiens A.Massal. (Endocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. decipiens decipiens A.Massal. (Omphalaria) = Anema decipiens decipiens A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Porina aenea decipiens A.Massal. (Sarcogyne privigna v.) = Polysporina simplex decipiens Anzi (Squamaria fulgens v.) = Fulgensia fulgens decipiens Arnold (Physcia) = Caloplaca decipiens 87 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms decipiens (Arnold) Bagl. (Amphiloma) = Caloplaca decipiens decipiens (Arnold) Leight. (Placodium) = Caloplaca decipiens decipiens (Arnold) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca decipiens decipiens (Arnold) Syd. (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca decipiens decipiens Bagl. (Polyblastia lactea v.) = Julella lactea decipiens (Hedw.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Psora decipiens decipiens (Hedw.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Psora decipiens decipiens (Hedw.) Fr. (Biatora) = Psora decipiens decipiens Hedw. (Lichen) = Psora decipiens decipiens Nyl. (Verrucaria pyrenophora v.) = Thelidium decipiens decipiens Samp. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta derivata decipiens Trevis. (Verrucaria calciseda v.) = Verrucaria marmorea declinans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida declinascens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida declivitatum Erichsen (Lecidea) = Micarea prasina declivum Bagl. & Carestia (Sagedia) = Porina mammillosa decolorans (Hoffm.) Flörke (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis granulosa decolorans Hoffm. (Biatora) = Trapeliopsis granulosa decolorans (Sm.) Almb. (Lepraria) = Schismatomma decolorans decolorans (Sm.) Erichsen (Arthonia) = Schismatomma decolorans decolorans [Turner & Borrer ex] Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Spiloma) = Schismatomma decolorans decolorata Vain. (Physcia aipolia f.) = Physcia aipolia decolorella Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Cercidospora decolorella (Nyl.) O.E.Erikss. & J.Z.Yue/F decolor Kashiw. (Phaeophyscia endococcina v.) = Phaeophyscia endococcina decorosa Arnold (Lecidea) = Lecidea speirodes decorticata Flörke [in F.Weber] (Capitularia) = Cladonia decorticata decorticata (Flörke) Flörke (Cenomyce) = Cladonia decorticata decumbens Flörke (Cladonia) = Cladonia rangiferina decussata (Bagl.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca festiva v.) = Caloplaca limitosa decussata (Flot.) Körb. (Pachnolepia) = Arthonia endlicheri decussata Flot. (Arthonia) = Arthonia endlicheri decussata Garov. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria cyanea decussata (Vill.) Zahlbr. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria decussata decussatum Bagl. (Callopisma ferrugineum v.) = Caloplaca crenularia decussatus (Vill.) Schol. (Omphalodiscus) = Umbilicaria decussata decussatus Vill. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria decussata dedalaea (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Aspicilia polygonia v.) = Aspicilia recedens ? dedalaea Schaer. (Urceolaria cinerea v. alba f.) = Aspicilia recedens ? deficiens Nyl. (Pannaria) = Santessoniella arctophila (Th.Fr.) Henssen deformans Jatta (Biatorina) = Leptographa toninioides deformans (Jatta) Jatta (Toninia) = Leptographa toninioides deformata [A.Massal. ex] Arnold (Lithoicea tristis f.) = Verrucaria tristis deformis A.Massal. (Lecania fuscella f.) = Lecania fuscella deformis auct.ital. p.p. (Cladonia) = Cladonia sulphurina deformis Erichsen (Caloplaca bracteata f.) = Fulgensia bracteata ssp. deformis deformis (Erichsen) Poelt (Fulgensia bracteata ssp.) = Fulgensia bracteata ssp.deformis deformis (L.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia deformis deformis L. (Lichen) = Cladonia deformis deformis (Rabenh.) Nyl. (Melaspilea) = Melaspilea gibberulosa degelii T.Schauer & Brodo (Lecanora) = Lecanora cinereofusca degenerans Flörke (Baeomyces) = Cladonia phyllophora degenerans (Flörke) Spreng. (Cladonia) = Cladonia phyllophora degenerans H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nitrophila degenerascens A.L.Sm. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria elaeomelaena degenii Szatala (Alectoria) = Bryoria capillaris delessertii Vain. (Cladonia) = Cladonia subfurcata (Nyl.) Arnold delicata auct. [non (Ach.) Flörke] (Cladonia) = Cladonia parasitica delicata [Larbal. ex] Leight. (Lecidea effusa v.) = Bacidina delicata delicata (Leight.) Coppins (Bacidia) = Bacidina delicata delicata (Leight.) Sérus. & Diederich (Woessia) = Bacidina delicata delicatula (Körb.) Körb. (Bilimbia) = Micarea cinerea delicatula Körb. (Biatora) = Micarea cinerea delicatulum (Th.Fr.) A.L.Sm. (Placynthium) = Arctomia delicatula Th.Fr. delimis (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa grumulosa delisei ([Bory ex] Schaer.) Nyl. (Cetraria) = Cetrariella delisei (Schaer.) Kärnefelt & Thell delisei Bory (Pannaria) = Degelia plumbea delisei Duby [in DC.] (Parmelia olivacea v.) = Neofuscelia delisei delisei (Duby) H.Magn. (Parmelia pulla v.) = Neofuscelia delisei delisei (Duby) Nyl. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia delisei delisei (Nyl.) Despr. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria cylindrica delisei (Nyl.) Syd. (Gyrophora cylindrica v.) = Umbilicaria cylindrica delisei Nyl. (Umbilicaria cylindrica v.) = Umbilicaria cylindrica delita Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria latebrosa delitescens (Arnold) Coppins (Strangospora) = Biatoridium delitescens delitescens Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. deludens (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon alpicola ? delutula (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina arnoldii ssp.) = Absconditella delutula delutula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Absconditella delutula demangeonii Moug. & Mont. [in Mont.] (Collema) = Phylliscum demangeonii deminuta (Arnold) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia deminuta deminuta [Norman ex] Lettau (Gyalecta jenensis v.) = Gyalecta kukriensis deminuta (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. (Buellia urceolata v.) = Dactylospora deminuta (Th.Fr.) Triebel/F demissa auct. (Rinodina) = Rinodina gennarii demissa (Flot.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca demissa demissa (Flot.) Zwackh (Parmelia) = Caloplaca demissa demissa Flot. [nom.inval.] (Imbricaria) = Caloplaca demissa demissa (Rustr.) Fr. (Biatora) = Lecidoma demissum demissa (Rutstr.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecidoma demissum demissa (Rutstr.) Hepp (Psora) = Lecidoma demissum demissa Th.Fr. (Pannaria brunnea v.) = Protopannaria pezizoides demissum (Flot.) Körb. (Placodium) = Caloplaca demissa demissum (Rutstr.) M.Choisy (Lepidoma) = Lecidoma demissum demissus Rutstr. (Lichen) = Lecidoma demissum demonum H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica lulensis (Hellb.) Hertel & Rambold PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS demutata Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha ochrocheila ? dendriscum Nyl. (Leptogidium) = Leptochidium dendriscum (Nyl.) Henssen dendritica (Ach.) A.Massal. (Graphis scripta v.) = Phaeographis dendritica dendritica (Ach.) Ach. (Graphis) = Phaeographis dendritica dendritica Ach. (Opegrapha) = Phaeographis dendritica dendritica auct.ital. p.p. (Imbricaria) = Neofuscelia pulla dendritica (Leight.) Cromb [non (Ach.) Dufour] (Arthonia) = Arthonia atlantica dendritica (Leight.) P.James (Enterographa) = Arthonia atlantica dendriticum Leight. (Stigmatidium) = Arthonia atlantica dendriticus (Hoffm.) M.Choisy (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon polycarpum dendroclinis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida dendrographa Nyl. (Lithographa) = Wadeana dendrographa dendroides auct.eur. (Dendriscocaulon) = Dendriscocaulon umhausense dendrophora Poelt (Umbilicaria vellea v.) = Umbilicaria dendrophora (Poelt) Hestmark dendroplaca H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia dendropaca (H.Magn.) Oksner denigrata (Ach.) Ach. (Opegrapha stenocarpa v.) = Opegrapha atra denigrata (Ach.) Schaer. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra denigrata Ach. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha atra denigrata (Fr.) Boistel (Catillaria) = Micarea denigrata denigrata (Fr.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea denigrata denigrata Fr. (Biatora) = Micarea denigrata denigratum Vain. (Calicium abietinum v.) = Calicium abietinum denticollis (Hoffm.) Flörke (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa denticulata Ach. (Gyrophora cylindrica v.) = Umbilicaria cylindrica denudata auct. p.p. [non Zschacke] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria hydrela denudata Bagl. (Lecanora varia v.) = Lecanora varia denudata (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Tornabenia cheysophthalma v.) = Teloschistes chrysophthalmus denudata sensu A.Massal. (Lecidea) = Lecidea turgidula denudata Th.Fr. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta friesii denudata (Turner & Borrer) Frey (Umbilicaria cylindrica v.) = Umbilicaria cylindrica denudata (Turner & Borrer) Mudd (Gyrophora cylindrica f.) = Umbilicaria cylindrica denudatum Flörke (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon vesuvianum denudatus (Hoffm.) Jatta (Teloschistes chrysophthalmus v.) = Teloschistes chrysophthalmus deparcula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Cecidonia xenophana depauperata [Anzi ex] Arnold (Buellia ocellata f.) = Amandinea punctata depauperata Cromb. (Lecidea sorediza f.) = Porpidia tuberculosa depauperata H.Magn. (Caloplaca festiva v.) = Caloplaca crenularia depauperata H.Magn. (Caloplaca scotoplaca f.) = Caloplaca oxfordensis depauperata H.Magn. (Ionaspis epulotica v.) = Hymenelia rhodopis (Sommerf.) Lutzoni depauperata H.Magn. [non (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca hungarica depauperata (Körb.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora cervina f.) = Acarospora cervina 88 depauperata [Kremp ex] A.Massal. (Lithoicea tristis v.) = Verrucaria tristis depauperata (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca aegyptiaca v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder depauperatum Müll.Arg. (Callopisma aegyptiacum v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder deplanata Almq. (Biatorella) = Strangospora deplanata deplanatula (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Catillaria chalybeia deplanatula Müll.Arg. (Biatora) = Catillaria chalybeia deplicans Nyl. (Umbilicaria proboscidea v.) = Umbilicaria proboscidea depressa A.Massal. (Arthonia atomaria v.) = Arthonia punctiformis depressa (Ach.) Ach. (Gyrophora spodochroa v.) = Umbilicaria crustulosa ssp. crustulosa v. crustulosa depressa (Ach.) Anzi (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia cinerea depressa (Ach.) Schaer. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria crustulosa ssp. crustulosa v. crustulosa depressa Ach. (Sagedia) = Aspicilia cinerea depressa Stenh. [non Meyen & Flot.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria obscura Th.Fr. depressa Th.Fr. (Lecidea ramulosa v.) = Lecidea ementiens Nyl. depressula Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria obscura Th.Fr. depressum Frey (Stereocaulon botryosum f.) = Stereocaulon depressum (Frey) I.M.Lamb depressum (H.Magn.) I.M.Lamb (Stereocaulon vesuvianum v.) = Stereocaulon vesuvianum ? depuncta Nyl. (Arthonia galactites v.) = Arthonia galactites derivata (Nyl.) Boistel (Gyalecta truncigena v.) = Gyalecta derivata derivata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Gyalecta derivata dermatinum auct. p.p. (Collema) = Collema auriforme dermatinum auct. p.p. (Collema) = Collema cristatum dermatocarpoides (Anzi) Jatta (Catapyrenium) = Placidiopsis dermatocarpoides dermatocarpoides (Anzi) Stizenb. (Verrucaria) = Placidiopsis dermatocarpoides dermatodes (A.Massal.) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia dermatodes dermatodes Trevis. (Pyrenula nitida v.) = Pyrenula nitidella dermatoidea (A.Massal.) Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. dermatoidea A.Massal. (Verrucaria veronensis f.) = Verrucaria sp. deruta Arnold (Rinodina subconfragosa f.) = Rinodina bischoffii v. biscoffii descendens (Hepp) Mig. (Bacidia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum deschartresii Werner (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria albescens deserticola Zahlbr. (Heppia) = Peltula obscurans desertorum (Kremp.) Mereschk. (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia esculenta desertorum Kremp. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia esculenta desertorum Tomin (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium squamulosum desertorum Tomin (Placodium) = Fulgensia desertorum despecta Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. despreauxii [Delise ex] Duby (Parmelia) = Hypotrachyna sinuosa despreauxii Mont. (Solorina) = Heppia despreauxii destricta auct. [non (Nyl.) Zopf] (Cladonia) = Cladonia zopfii Vain. destructans Tobler (Karschia) = Buellia schaereri destruens (Rehm) Rehm (Conida) = Arthonia destruens Rehm [in Rabenh.]/F 89 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms determinata (Harm.) H.Magn. (Acarospora cervina f.) = Acarospora cervina determinata Körb. (Verrucaria elaeina v.) = Verrucaria submersella Servít detersa Garov. (Verrucaria cryptarum v.) = Polyblastia ardesiaca detersa (Nyl.) Bagl. (Hagenia) = Physconia detersa detersa (Nyl.) Jatta (Parmelia) = Physconia detersa detersa (Nyl.) Lynge (Physcia grisea v.) = Physconia detersa detersa (Nyl.) Nádv. (Physcia leucoleiptes v.) = Physconia detersa detersa (Nyl.) Nyl. (Physcia) = Physconia detersa detersa Nyl. (Parmelia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia detersa detersella Nádv. (Physcia) = Physconia detersa detinens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon reductum detonsa auct.ital. (Anaptychia) = Anaptychia runcinata detractula (Nyl.) Arnold (Lecania) = Catillaria detractula detractula Nyl. (Lecanora) = Catillaria detractula detrita A.Massal. (Physcia murorum v.) = Caloplaca flavescens detrita (A.Massal.) Jatta (Caloplaca murorum f.) = Caloplaca flavescens detrita (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pulicaris detritum A.Massal. (Callopisma flavovirescens f.) = Caloplaca flavovirescens ? detrusa (Th.Fr.) Hedl. (Lecanora piniperda f.) = Lecanora detrusa (Th.Fr.) Vain. detrusa Th.Fr. (Biatora) = Lecanora detrusa (Th.Fr.) Vain. deusta (L.) Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria deusta deusta (L.) Rabenh. (Gyrophora polyphylla v.) = Umbilicaria deusta deusta (Stenh.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Miriquidica deusta deusta (Stenh.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica deusta deusta Stenh. (Lecidea fuscoatra v.) = Miriquidica deusta deustata Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica deusta deustus L. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria deusta deuterioides Vain. (Diploschistes actinostomus v.) = Diploschistes actinostomus devastata (Eitner) H.Magn. (Acarospora gallica v.) = Acarospora gallica devulgata Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha vulgata diabasicola Servít & Cernoh. (Caloplaca ferrarii v.) = Caloplaca crenulatella diabasicum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geographicum diabasicum (Räsänen) Poelt & Vĕzda (Rhizocarpon geographicum ssp.) = Rhizocarpon geographicum diabasicum (Räsänen) Runemark (Rhizocarpon tinei ssp.) = Rhizocarpon geographicum diaboli A.Massal. (Thelidium) = Thelidium aeneovinosum diacapsis (Ach.) Schaer. (Urceolaria scruposa v.) = Diploschistes diacapsis diacapsis Ach. (Urceolaria) = Diploschistes diacapsis dialeuca Cromb. (Opegrapha) = Lecanographa dialeuca (Cromb.) Egea & Torrente diamarta (Ach.) Boistel (Aspicilia) = Bellemerea diamarta diamarta (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora cinereorufescens v.) = Bellemerea diamarta diamarta (Ach.) Vain. (Lecanora) = Bellemerea diamarta diamarta Ach. (Urceolaria) = Bellemerea diamarta diaphana [Körb. ex] Nyl. (Biatora) = Gyalidea diaphana diaphana (Nyl.) Körb. (Biatorina) = Gyalidea diaphana diaphana (Nyl.) Lettau (Catillaria) = Gyalidea diaphana diaphora (Ach.) Ach. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia diaphora (Ach.) Fr. (Opegrapha varia v.) = Opegrapha varia diaphoroides auct. [non Nyl.] (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha ochrocincta diaphoroides Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Lecanographa grumulosa diasemoides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea diatrypa (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Menegazzia terebrata diblastum Gyeln. (Placynthium) = Placynthium tantaleum dicksonii auct. [non (J.F.Gmel.) Ach.] (Lecidea) = Tremolecia atrata dicksonii (J.F.Gmel.) M.Choisy [sensu M.Choisy] (Tremolecia) = Tremolecia atrata dicraea (Ach.) D.Hawksw. (Cladonia uncialis ssp.) = Cladonia uncialis ssp. biuncialis dictyospora Stizenb. (Verrucaria) = Polyblastia cinerea dictyosporum Coppins & P.James (Arthothelium ilicinum v.) = Arthothelium dictyosporum (Coppins & P.James) Coppins didactylus With. (Lichen) = Peltigera didactyla diducens (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea auriculata v.) = Lecidea diducens didyma (Körb.) Trevis. (Caldesia) = Arthonia didyma difformis (Fr.) Rehm (Tromera) = Sarea difformis difformis (Fr.) Vain. (Biatorella) = Sarea difformis difformis Fr. (Peziza) = Sarea difformis difformis (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Xylographa abietina v.) = Xylographa parallela diffracta (A.Massal.) Jatta (Biatorina) = Toninia diffracta diffracta (Ach.) Ach. [non auct.ital.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora muralis diffracta Anzi (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria tristis diffracta auct.ital. p.p. (Lecanora) = Lecanora bolcana diffracta Nyl. (Collemopsis) = Psorotichia diffracta diffracta [Turner ex] Leight. (Graphis) = Graphis scripta diffractoareolata de Lesd. (Caloplaca erythrocarpa f.) = Caloplaca erythrocarpa diffractoareolata Schaer. (Parmelia pulposa v.) = Collema tenax diffractoareolatum (Schaer.) Degel. (Collema tenax v.) = Collema tenax diffractula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica diffractum (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Thalloidima) = Toninia diffracta diffractum (A.Massal.) Anzi (Placodium aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. diffractum A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. diffractum A.Massal. (Thalloidima vesiculare v.) = Toninia diffracta diffractum (Ach.) Flot. (Placodium saxicolum v.) = Lecanora muralis diffractum (Körb.) Müll.Arg. (Pseudoleptogium) = Leptogium diffractum diffractum (Th.Fr.) Blomb. & Forssell (Dermatocarpon) = Dermatocarpon leptophylloides diffractum Th.Fr. (Dermatocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon leptophylloides diffusa auct. (Imbricaria) = Parmeliopsis ambigua diffusa auct. (Parmeliopsis) = Parmeliopsis ambigua diffusa auct. [non (Hoffm.) Sandst.] (Parmelia) = Parmeliopsis ambigua diffusa (Hoffm.) Sandst. [non auct.] (Parmelia) = Imshaugia aleurites diffusa Leight. (Melanotheca) = Tomasellia diffusa digitata (L.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia digitata digitatus L. (Lichen) = Cladonia digitata digitellata Nyl. (Ramalina) = Ramalina capitata v. digitellata digitoradiata Sambo (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina farinacea digitulata Nyl. (Parmelia conspersa ssp.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS dilabens Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea promiscua dilacerata Hoffm. (Lobaria calycaris v.) = Ramalina dilacerata dilacerata (Schaer.) Malbr. (Cladonia crispata v.) = Cladonia crispata dilaceratella Gyeln. (Peltigera variolosa f.) = Peltigera leucophlebia dilacerato-crispa Gyeln. (Peltigera rufescens f.) = Peltigera rufescens dilatata auct. (Cladonia gracilis v.) = Cladonia gracilis ssp. turbinata (Ach.) Ahti dilatata auct. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema robustum dillenianus Ach. (Lichen) = Lecanactis dilleniana dillenii With. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria grisea diluta Hedl. (Micarea anterior f.) = Micarea anterior (Nyl.) Hedl. diluta (Pers.) Blomb. & Forssell (Gyalecta) = Dimerella pineti diluta (Pers.) Th.Fr. (Biatorina) = Dimerella pineti diluta (Pers.) Trevis. (Dimerella) = Dimerella pineti diluta (Pers.) Zahlbr. (Microphiale) = Dimerella pineti diluta Pers. [non Fr.] (Peziza) = Dimerella pineti dilutiuscula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea bauschiana dimera (Nyl.) Stein (Dimerospora) = Lecania dubitans (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. dimera (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Lecania) = Lecania dubitans (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. dimidiata Arnold (Parmelia pulverulenta v.) = Physcia dimidiata dimidiata (Arnold) Jatta (Parmelia albinea v.) = Physcia dimidiata dinae Sbarbaro (Caloplaca flavovirescens v.) = Caloplaca flavovirescens ? dinaricum Zahlbr. (Collema) = Collema fasciculare dionantensis Hue [in Tonglet] (Verrucaria) = Thelidium dionantense diphyodes (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca variabilis ssp.) = Caloplaca diphyodes diphyodes (Nyl.) Sacc. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca diphyodes diphyodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca diphyodes diphyodes Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca diphyodes diplinthia Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina diplinthia (Nyl.) Zahlbr. diplocheila [Vain. ex] H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina occulta diplotommoides (Bagl.) Jatta (Platygrapha) = Schismatomma dirinellum diplotommoides (Bagl.) Samp. (Schismatomma) = Schismatomma dirinellum diplotommoides Bagl. (Lecania) = Schismatomma dirinellum diplotommoides Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. dirinaria (Nyl.) Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Lecanactis grumulosa dirinaria Nyl. (Opegrapha grumulosa v.) = Lecanographa grumulosa dirinella Nyl. (Platygrapha) = Schismatomma dirinellum dirumpens (Hertel & Poelt) Hertel & Poelt (Lecidella) = Lecidella scabra discernenda (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca saxicola discernenda Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca saxicola ? disciforme (Flot.) Körb. (Lopadium pezizoideum v.) = Lopadium disciforme disciforme (Flot.) Vain. (Sporopodium pezizoideum v.) = Lopadium disciforme disciforme Flot. (Heterothecium pezizoideum v.) = Lopadium disciforme disciformis (Fr.) Marbach & H.Mayrhofer (Hafellia) = Buellia disciformis disciformis (Fr.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia disciformis disciformis Fr. (Lecidea contigua v.) = Porpidia macrocarpa disciformis Fr. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Buellia disciformis 90 discoidale Ach. (Calicium) = Calicium glaucellum discoidalis (Vain.) Lynge (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca ammiospila discoidea (Pers.) Garov. (Pertusaria communis v.) = Pertusaria albescens discoidea (Pers.) Malme (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria albescens discoidea Pers. (Variolaria) = Pertusaria albescens discolorella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica leucophaea discolor Hepp (Lecidea) = Rinodina oxydata discolor (Hepp) Anzi (Buellia) = Rinodina oxydata discolor (Hepp) Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata discolor Th.Fr. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria decussata discordans (Nyl.) H.Magn. (Parmelia omphalodes v.) = Parmelia discordans Nyl. discrepans Erichsen (Pertusaria laevigata v.) = Pertusaria trachythallina discrepans Lahm (Polyblastia) = Merismatium discrepans (Lahm) Triebel/F discreta Bagl. & Carestia [non (Ach.) Arnold] (Acarospora) = Acarospora freyi discreta (Nyl.) Nyl. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia mougeotii discreta sensu Th.Fr. (Acarospora fuscata ssp.) = Acarospora veronensis discretula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea denigrata disjuncta Erichsen (Parmelia) = Melanelia disjuncta disparata (Nyl.) Jatta (Diphratora) = Halecania lecanorina disparata (Nyl.) Jatta (Lecaniella) = Halecania lecanorina disparata (Nyl.) Lettau (Lecania) = Halecania lecanorina disparatum (Nyl.) Arnold (Thalloidima) = Halecania lecanorina dispersa (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Lecania erysibe f.) = Lecania turicensis dispersa A.Massal. (Biatorina proteiformis v.) = Lecania turicensis dispersa A.Massal. (Polyblastia ventosa v.) = Staurothele hymenogonia dispersa A.Massal. (Psora lurida v.) = Mycobilimbia lurida dispersa Arnold (Lecidea jurana f.) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana dispersa de Lesd. (Lecanora confragosa f.) = Rinodina beccariana dispersa Hakul. (Candelariella) = Candelariella aurella dispersa [J.Lahm ex] Körb. (Arthopyrenia) = Zwackhiomyces dispersus (Körb.) Triebel & Grube/F dispersa Mereschk. (Parmelia conspersa f.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa dispersa (Pers.) Trevis. (Patellaria caesioalba v.) = Lecanora dispersa dispersa Schrad. (Opegrapha) = Arthonia dispersa dispersella (Vain.) Vain. (Rinodina) = Rinodina septentrionalis dispersoareolata (Schaer.) Anzi (Squamaria) = Lecanora dispersoareolata dispersoareolata Schaer. (Lecanora muralis v.) = Lecanora dispersoareolata dispersoareolatum (Schaer.) Körb. (Placodium) = Lecanora dispersoareolata dispersum auct. [non (DC.) Mudd] (Arthothelium) = Arthothelium ruanum dispersus Å.E.Dahl (Porocyphus) = Thelignya lignyota dispersus Pers. (Lichen) = Lecanora dispersa dispora [Nägeli ex] Hepp (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon disporum disporum auct. [non ([Nägeli ex] Hepp) Müll.Arg.] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geminatum dissecta Hilitzer (Parmelia glomellifera v.) = Neofuscelia verruculifera dissecta (Nyl.) Hale (Parmelina) = Parmelinopsis horrescens dissecta Nyl. (Parmelia) = Parmelinopsis horrescens 91 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms dissecta (Rass.) Hafellner (Menegazzia) = Menegazzia terebrata ? dissecta (Rass.) Poelt (Menegazzia terebrata v.) = Menegazzia terebrata ? disseminata (J.Steiner) Szatala (Aspicilia contorta v.) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta ? disseminatum Ach. (Calicium) = Microcalicium disseminatum dissentanea Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina oxydata dissentiens Arnold (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeum dissentiens Bagl. & Carestia (Lecidea brachyspora v.) = Lecidea auriculata ? dissepta Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Pleospora sp./F disserpens (Zahlbr.) H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia disserpens (Zahlbr.) Räsänen [in Huusk.] dissidens (Nyl.) Mérat (Caloplaca) = Xanthoria elegans v. elegans dissidens Nyl. (Placodium) = Xanthoria elegans v. elegans dissimilis Anzi (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata dissipabilis (Nyl.) Hertel (Melanolecia) = Farnoldia dissipabilis dissipabilis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia dissipabilis dissipata H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia hypocrita ? dissoluta H.Magn. (Acarospora chlorophana f.) = Pleopsidium flavum dissolutum (H.Magn.) Frey (Stereocaulon botryosum v.) = Stereocaulon spathuliferum Vain. distans (Ach.) Baruch (Lecanora pallida f.) = Lecanora populicola distans (Ach.) D.Dietr. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora populicola distans (Ach.) Mart. (Parmelia) = Lecanora populicola distans (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora populicola distans Bagl. & Carestia (Acarospora glaucocarpa v.) = Acarospora murorum ? distans (Hult.) H.Magn. (Pilophorus) = Pilophorus strumaticus [Nyl. ex] Cromb. distans Hulting (Pilophorus robustus f.) = Pilophorus strumaticus [Nyl. ex] Cromb. distans (Hulting) H.Magn. (Pilophorus) = Pilophorus strumaticus [Nyl. ex] Cromb. distans (Kremp.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Carbonea distans distans Kremp. (Lecidea) = Carbonea distans distincta Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea glabrescens distinctior Norman [nom.nud.] = Arthonia excentrica Th.Fr./F distinguenda Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia laevata distortus With. (Lichen) = Physconia distorta distrata Arnold [non Nyl.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella asema distratula Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecidella asema divaricata (L.) Hue (Letharia) = Evernia divaricata divaricata Leight. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphina anguina (Mont.) Müll.Arg. divaricatus L. (Lichen) = Evernia divaricata divergens (Ach.) Nyl. (Alectoria) = Bryocaulon divergens (Ach.) Kärnefelt divergens Ach. (Cornicularia) = Bryocaulon divergens (Ach.) Kärnefelt divergens Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria margacea ? dives (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. (Buellia) = Buellia dives (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. dives Th.Fr. (Buellia parasema ssp.) = Buellia dives (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. divisum (Zahlbr.) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Heteroplacidium divisum divisum Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Heteroplacidium divisum divulsa (Delise) Arnold (Cladonia crispata v.) = Cladonia crispata doerfleri Zahlbr. (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa grumulosa dolichotera Nyl. (Pannaria) = Placynthium dolichoterum doliocarpa (Müll.Arg.) Arnold (Catillaria) = Catillaria chalybeia doliocarpa Müll.Arg. (Patellaria) = Catillaria chalybeia dolomitica A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria foveolata dolomitica Arnold (Opegrapha rupestris v.) = Opegrapha dolomitica dolomiticola (Hue) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca velana v.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. dolomiticola (Hue) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. dolomiticum (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria foveolata dolosa (Ach.) Anzi (Platygrapha) = Schismatomma pericleum dolosa Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma dolosa auct. (Catillaria) = Catillaria lenticularis dolosa Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea dasaea dolosula (Nyl.) Vain. (Lecidea) = Adelolecia kolaensis dolosula Nyl. (Lecidea kolaensis f.) = Adelolecia kolaensis dolosum (Ach.) Flot. & Körb. (Schismatomma) = Schismatomma pericleum dominans Arnold (Thelidium) = Polyblastia sepulta dominans (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia sepulta dominiana Servít (Lecanora) = Aspicilia dominiana (Servít) Szatala domogledensis Vĕzda (Xanthoria) = Xanthoria papillifera (Vain.) Poelt doriae Bagl. (Raphiospora) = Bactrospora patellarioides v. convexa dovrensis H.Magn. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca dovrensis (H.Magn.) Degel. dovrensis H.Magn. (Buellia) = Phaeorrhiza sareptana v. sphaerocarpa (Tomin) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt dovrensis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Pilophorus dovrensis (Nyl.) Timdal, Hertel & Rambold drepanodes Feuerer (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon ferax drepanodes (Feuerer) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Rhizocarpon lecanorinum ssp.) = Rhizocarpon ferax druidarum (W.L.Culb.) D.Hawksw. (Ramalina siliquosa v.) = Ramalina siliquosa druidarum W.L.Culb. (Ramalina) = Ramalina siliquosa dryina (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Bactrospora dryina dryina (Ach.) Jatta (Arthonia) = Bactrospora dryina dryina (Ach.) Vain. (Lecanactis) = Bactrospora dryina dryinus Ach. (Lichen) = Bactrospora dryina dryophila Lettau (Lecanactis) = Bactrospora dryina duartei Samp. (Buellia) = Buellia dispersa dubenii Fr. (Lecidea) = Buellia badia dubenii (Fr.) A.Massal. (Cormothecium) = Buellia badia dubia auct. p.p. (Parmelia) = Punctelia borreri dubia auct. p.p. (Parmelia) = Punctelia subrudecta dubia auct. p.p. (Parmelia) = Punctelia ulophylla dubia (H.Magn.) Vĕzda (Polysporina) = Polysporina lapponica dubia H.Magn. (Sarcogyne) = Polysporina lapponica dubia (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Anaptychia stellaris v.) = Physcia dubia dubia (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Parmelia pulchella v.) = Physcia dubia dubia (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. (Physcia caesia v.) = Physcia dubia dubia Hoffm. (Lobaria) = Physcia dubia dubia [Leight. ex] Arnold (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha niveoatra dubia Schaer. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina dubia Turner & Borrer [non Schaer.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella pulveracea dubia (Vain.) Malme (Buellia)= Buellia ectolechioides (Vain.) Erichsen dubia (Wulfen) Schaer. (Parmelia) = Punctelia subrudecta dubyana Hepp (Lecidea) = Rinodina dubyana PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS dubyana (Hepp) Rabenh. (Buellia) = Rinodina dubyana dubyanoides Hepp (Lecidea) = Rinodinella dubyanoides dubyanoides (Hepp) Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodinella dubyanoides dubyanoides (Hepp) Müll.Arg. (Buellia) = Rinodinella dubyanoides dubyi (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner & Türk (Protoparmeliopsis muralis v.) = Lecanora muralis ssp. dubyi dubyi Müll.Arg. (Lecanora) = Lecanora muralis ssp. dubyi dudinensis H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia dudinensis (H.Magn.) Oksner duebenii (Fr.) Hellb. (Buellia) = Buellia badia dufourei Fr. (Parmelia) = Squamarina cartilaginea ? dufourii [Ach. ex] Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria contristans dufourii Ach. (Lecidea) = Micarea peliocarpa dufourii [Bory ex] Delise (Sticta) = Sticta canariensis f. dufourii dufourii (DC.) Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria dufourii dufourii (Delise) Nyl. (Stictina) = Sticta canariensis f. dufourii dufourii (Nyl.) Vain. (Catillaria) = Catillaria contristans duriaei (De Not.) Bagl. (Ramalina) = Ramalina lacera durietzii H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica dusenii Lynge (Lecidea) = Farnoldia micropsis dvorakii Servít (Catillaria) = Toninia athallina dvorakii Suza [nom.nud.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora laatokkaënsis ebborensis Walt.Watson (Staurothele) = Staurothele caesia ebenea Dillwyn (Conferva) = Cystocoleus ebeneus ebeneum (Dillwyn) A.L.Sm. (Coenogonium) = Cystocoleus ebeneus eburina Brusse (Glyphopeltis) = Glyphopeltis ligustica ecatonspora Anzi (Microthelia) = Muellerella pygmaea v. athallina (Müll.Arg.) Triebel/F echinella Poelt (Physcia hirsuta v.) = Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi ecrustacea [Anzi ex] Arnold (Lecidella polycarpa v.) = Lecidea ecrustacea ecrustacea (Arnold) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecidea lactea v.) = Lecidea ecrustacea ecrustacea de Lesd. (Lecanactis saltelii f.) = Schismatomma dirinellum ecrustacea (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca lactea f.) = Caloplaca crenulatella ecrustacea [Nyl. ex] Vain. (Lecidea glomerella f.) = Micarea rhabdogena (Norman) Hedl. ecrustacea Nyl. (Lecanora variabilis f.) = Caloplaca alociza ecrustaceum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Placodium variabile v.) = Caloplaca alociza ectanea (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Xanthoria parietina ssp.) = Xanthoria ectaneoides ectanea auct. [non (Ach.) J.Kickx f.] (Xanthoria parietina v.) = Xanthoria ectaneoides ectanea auct.ital. p.p. (Xanthoria) = Xanthoria calcicola ectaneoides Nyl. (Physcia) = Xanthoria ectaneoides ectolechioides Vain. (Melanaspicilia) = Buellia ectolechioides (Vain.) Erichsen ectropoma (A.Massal.) Anzi (Arthonia) = Arthonia dispersa ectropoma A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Arthonia dispersa ecyphellata (Hav.) Gyeln. (Cyanisticta) = Pseudocyphellaria norvegica (Gyeln.) P.James effigurans Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia verruculosa effigurata Anzi (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon effiguratum effigurata (Anzi) Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon effiguratum effigurata (Schaer.) Körb. (Diploicia epigaea v.) = Buellia elegans effigurata (Schaer.) Zahlbr. (Buellia epigaea v.) = Buellia elegans effigurata Schaer. (Lecidea epigaea v.) = Buellia elegans 92 efflorescens (Cromb.) Lettau (Lecanora) = Lecanora soralifera efflorescens Cromb. (Lecanora polytropa v.) = Lecanora soralifera efflorescens (Hedl.) Erichsen (Lecidea) = Biatora efflorescens efflorescens Hedl. (Lecidea helvola f.) = Biatora efflorescens efflorescens Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon) = Buellia griseovirens effugiens Nilson (Lecidea) = Lecidella effugiens effusa auct. (Bacidia) = Bacidina assulata effusa [Auersw. ex] Rabenh. (Bilimbia) = Bacidia auerswaldii effusa (Pers.) A.Massal. (Biatora) = Lecanora saligna effusa (Pers.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Lecanora saligna effusa (Pers.) Anzi (Zeora) = Lecanora saligna effusa (Rabenh.) Lettau [nom.illegit. non (Sm.) Trevis. nec auct.] (Bacidia) = Bacidia auerswaldii effusa (Rabenh.) Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Bacidia auerswaldii effusa (Sm.) Trevis. [non auct.] (Bacidia) = Bacidia arceutina effusa Wedd. (Lecanora marina v.) = Caloplaca marina effusella Hedl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albellula effusella Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Bacidia auerswaldii effusum A.Massal. (Callopisma cerinum v.) = Caloplaca cerina effusum A.Massal. (Coniangium krempelhuberi f.) = Arthonia patellulata ? effusum A.Massal. (Dermatocarpon ambrosianum v.) = Staurothele ambrosiana effusum A.Massal. (Diplotomma populorum v.) = Diplotomma populorum egenula (Nyl.) Arnold (Bacidia) = Bacidina egenula egenula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidina egenula ehrhartiana (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Cliostomum corrugatum ehrhartiana (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Biatorina) = Cliostomum corrugatum ehrhartiana (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Catillaria) = Cliostomum corrugatum ehrhartiana (Ach.) W.Mann (Biatora) = Cliostomum corrugatum eitneri Zahlbr. (Porina) = Porina guentheri elabens A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia stigmatella v.) = Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa elabens ([Flot. ex] Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Dermatina) = Mycoporum elabens Nyl./F elabens (Fr.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Pyrrhospora elabens elabens Fr. (Lecidea) = Pyrrhospora elabens elaborata [Lyell ex] Leight. (Platygramma) = Enterographa elaborata elachista (Ach.) Schaer. (Lecanora coarctata v.) = Trapelia coarctata elachista (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Biatora coarctata v.) = Trapelia coarctata elachista (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea coarctata v.) = Trapelia coarctata elachista (Körb.) Vain. (Catillaria) = Micarea elachista elachista Körb. (Biatora) = Micarea elachista elaeina auct. [non (Wahlenb.) A.L.Sm.] (Physcia) = Hyperphyscia adglutinata elaeina Jatta (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aethiobola ? elaeina (Wahlenb. [in Ach.]) Nyl. (Pannaria) = Vestergrenopsis elaeina (Wahlenb. [in Ach.]) Gyeln. elaeiza Nyl. (Lecanora) = Halecania elaeiza (Nyl.) M.Mayrhofer elaeochroma (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma elaeochroma Ach. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma elaeochromiza (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Lecidea) = Lecidella viridans elaeochromiza (Nyl.) M.Choisy (Lecidella) = Lecidella viridans elaeochromiza (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Lecidea glomerulosa f.) = Lecidella viridans 93 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Flagey (Lecidea) = Lecidella asema v. elaeochromoides elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuckert (Lecidella subincongrua v.) = Lecidella asema v. elaeochromoides elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel (Lecidella) = Lecidella asema v. elaeochromoides elaeochromoides (Nyl.) Poelt (Lecidea subincongrua v.) = Lecidella asema v. elaeochromoides elaeochromoides Nyl. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Lecidella asema v. elaeochromoides elaeomelaena sensu Zschacke et auct. [non (A.Massal.) Anzi] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria funckii elassospora (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Chaenotheca brunneola v.) = Chaenotheca trichialis elassosporum Nyl. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca trichialis elata (Schaer.) Anzi (Lecidea marginata v.) = Lecanora marginata elata (Schaer.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecidea marginata ssp.) = Lecanora marginata elata (Schaer.) Hepp (Biatora) = Lecanora marginata elata (Schaer.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecanora marginata elata Schaer. (Lecidea) = Lecanora marginata elatina Ach. (Lecanora) = Loxospora elatina elatinum (Ach.) A.Massal. (Haematomma) = Loxospora elatina eleaomelaena A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria elaeomelaena elegans (A.Massal.) Reinke (Biatoridium) = Biatoridium monasteriense elegans (A.Massal.) Stizenb. (Biatorella) = Biatoridium monasteriense elegans A.Massal. (Chiliospora) = Biatoridium monasteriense elegans Ach. (Spiloma) = Arthonia elegans elegans Bagl. & Carestia (Ramalina calicaris ssp.) = Ramalina elegans elegans [Borrer ex] Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Opegrapha) = Graphis elegans elegans (Delise) Vain. (Cladonia crispata v.) = Cladonia crispata elegans (Fée) Müll.Arg. (Strigula) = Strigula smaragdula elegans Link (Lichen) = Xanthoria elegans v. elegans elegans (Link) Körb. (Amphiloma) = Xanthoria elegans v. elegans elegans (Link) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca) = Xanthoria elegans v. elegans elegans (Link) Th.Fr. (Gasparrinia) = Xanthoria elegans v. elegans elegans Nyl. (Physcia astroidea v.) = Physcia clementei elegans (Nyl.) DC. (Placodium) = Xanthoria elegans v. elegans elegans (Th.Fr.) Vain. [non (Hepp) Stizenb.] (Lecidea) = Amygdalaria elegantior (H.Magn.) Hertel & Brodo elegans Th.Fr. (Lecidea panaeola v.) = Amygdalaria elegantior (H.Magn.) Hertel & Brodo elegans (Wallr.) Zwackh (Staurothele) = Staurothele frustulenta ? elegantior Grummann [nom.illegit. non H.Magn.] (Lecidea) = Trapelia corticola elegantior (H.Magn.) Hertel (Huilia) = Amygdalaria elegantior (H.Magn.) Hertel & Brodo elegantior H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Amygdalaria elegantior (H.Magn.) Hertel & Brodo elegantula Müll.Arg. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta subclausa elegantula Riehm. [nom.illegit.] (Lecidea) = Trapelia corticola elegantula (Zahlbr.) Szatala (Parmelia) = Melanelia elegantula elegantula (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr. (Parmelia exasperatula v.) = Melanelia elegantula elegantula Zahlbr. (Parmelia aspidota v.) = Melanelia elegantula elenkinii Tomin (Buellia) = Buellia griseovirens elevata Körb. (Bacidia) = Bacidia laurocerasi elevata Lynge (Lecanora) = Aspicilia elevata (Lynge) J.W.Thomson [in C.D.Bird et al.] elevata (Vain.) Tibell (Chaenothecopsis) = Chaenothecopsis debilis elevatum H.Magn. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon copelandii eliminata Arnold (Lecanora atrosulphurea v.) = Lecanora marginata eliminata (Arnold) Arnold (Lecidea) = Lecanora marginata eliminata (Arnold) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora marginata elisabethae-kolae Verseghy (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia frigida elisabethae (A.Massal.) Jatta (Lichina confinis v.) = Lichina confinis elisabethae A.Massal. (Lichina) = Lichina confinis elisae (A.Massal.) Anzi (Encephalographa cerebrina v.) = Encephalographa elisae elisa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora expersa Nyl. elongata auct. p.p. (Cladonia) = Cladonia macroceras elongata (Ehrh.) Ach. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta elongata Sambo (Parmelia furfuracea f.) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. furfuracea elongata (Wulfen [in Jacq.]) Hoffm. (Cladonia) = Cladonia gracilis ssp.elongata (Wulfen) Vain. eluta (Nyl.) Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia aquatica elveloidea (Ach.) Zanfr. (Plectospora) = Lempholemma elveloideum elveloides Weber (Lichen) = Icmadophila ericetorum elveloides (Weber) Hedl. (Icmadophila) = Icmadophila ericetorum elveloideum Ach. (Collema) = Lempholemma elveloideum embergeri M.Choisy & Werner (Biatorella) = Sarcogyne regularis emergens (Flot.) Müll.Arg. (Biatora) = Farnoldia hypocrita emergens Flot. [non Taylor] (Lecidea) = Farnoldia hypocrita enalliza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea plebeja Nyl. encausta (Sm.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Brodoa intestiniformis encausta (Sm.) DC. (Imbricaria) = Brodoa intestiniformis encausta (Sm.) Walt.Watson (Hypogymnia) = Brodoa intestiniformis encausta Sm. (Menegazzia) = Brodoa intestiniformis encaustica (Nyl.) Vouaux (Homostegia) = Pleurocarpon encausticum (Nyl.) R.Sant./F encaustica Nyl. (Epiphora) = Pleurocarpon encausticum (Nyl.) R.Sant./F endamyleum Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeum endiviaefolia auct. p.p. (Cladonia) = Cladonia convoluta endiviaefolia (Dicks.) Jatta (Cladonia alcicornis v.) = Cladonia convoluta endiviifolia auct. p.p. (Cladonia) = Cladonia convoluta endlicheri (Garov.) A.Massal. (Pachnolepia) = Arthonia endlicheri endlicheri Garov. (Opegrapha) = Arthonia endlicheri endocarpea (Fr.) Hue (Heppia) = Gloeoheppia turgida endocarpea (Fr.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Gloeoheppia turgida endocarpea Fr. (Cladonia digitata v.) = Omphalina hudsoniana endocarpoides (Ach.) Nyl. (Phylliscum) = Phylliscum demangeonii endocarpoides Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. endocarpoides Vain. (Lecanora glaucocarpa v.) = Acarospora rhizobola (Nyl.) Alstrup endochroidea Nyl. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia endococcina endochrysoides Hue (Lecidea) = Placolecis opaca endochrysoides (Nyl.) Degel. (Pyxine) = Pyxine sorediata endochrysoides Nyl. (Physcia) = Pyxine sorediata PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS endococcina (Körb.) Anzi (Parmelia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia endococcina endococcina (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia endococcina endococcina (Körb.) Trevis. (Dimelaena) = Phaeophyscia endococcina endococcina Körb. (Parmelia) = Phaeophyscia endococcina endocyanea (Stirt.) Hertel & Gotth.Schneid. (Schaereria) = Schaereria fuscocinerea endocyanea Stirt. (Lecidea) = Schaereria fuscocinerea endoleuca Leight. (Lecidea milliaria v.) = Micarea lignaria v. endoleuca endoleuca (Nyl.) Kickx (Bacidia) = Bacidia laurocerasi endolithea Lynge (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina endolithea (Lynge) Hertel & Leuckert (Lecidella) = Lecidella patavina endophoenicea (Harm.) Mereschk. (Physcia labrata v.) = Phaeophyscia endophoenicea endophoenicea (Harm.) Sántha (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia endophoenicea endophoenicea Harm. (Physcia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia endophoenicea endorhoda Th.Fr. (Lecidea sanguinaria v.) = Mycoblastus sanguinarius endorhodes (Th.Fr.) Stein (Mycoblastus sanguinarius v.) = Mycoblastus sanguinarius engadinensis H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora modenensis ? engeliana (Saut.) G.Winter (Pleospora) = Dacampia engeliana engeliana Saut. [in Rabenh.] (Sagedia) = Dacampia engeliana enterochlora Taylor [in Leight.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella scabra enteroleuca (“Ach.”) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidella elaeochroma enteroleuca Ach. [non auct.] (Lecidea) = Melaspilea urceolata enteroleuca auct. (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma enteroleuca auct. p.p. (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea enteroleucoides (Nyl.) J.Steiner (Buellia) = Buellia vilis enteroleucoides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia vilis enteromorpha (Flot.) Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidea plana enteroxantha Nyl. (Physcia) = Physconia enteroxantha enteroxanthella (Harm.) H.Olivier (Physcia) = Physconia enteroxantha epanora (Ach.) Trevis. (Patellaria) = Lecanora epanora epanora Ach. (Parmelia) = Lecanora epanora epiblastematica (Wallr.) Vain. (Catillaria) = Scutula epiblastematica/F epibryon Ach. (Lichen) = Lecanora epibryon epicrassa H.Olivier (Buellia) = Clypeococcum epicrassus (H.Olivier) Nav.-Ros. & Cl.Roux/F epidermidis (Ach.) A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis epidermidis (Ach.) Ach. (Verrucaria) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis epidermidis (Ach.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis epidermidis (Ach.) Vain. (Campylacia) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis epidermidis Ach. (Lichen) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis epielachista Bagl. & Carestia (Sphinctrina tubiformis v.) = Sphinctrina sp. epigaea (Pers.) A.Massal. (Diploicia) = Buellia epigaea epigaea (Pers.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Buellia epigaea epigaea (Pers.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Buellia epigaea epigaea (Pers.) Ach. (Verrucaria) = Thrombium epigaeum epigaea (Pers.) Anzi (Catolechia) = Buellia epigaea epigaea (Pers.) Schaer. (Lecidea) = Buellia epigaea 94 epigaea Pers. (Sphaeria) = Thrombium epigaeum epigaeoides (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Porina) = Porina mammillosa epigaeus Pers. (Lichen) = Buellia epigaea epigea (Pers.) Hoffm. (Psora) = Buellia epigaea epiglypta [Norrl. ex] Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia epiglypta (Nyl.) Hue epiianthina Harm. (Lecanora) = Rinodina epiianthina (Harm.) Zahlbr. epiiodiza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Schaereria fuscocinerea epilithellum Nyl. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon laureri epimarta (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Pycnothelia papillaria epimarta Nyl. (Lecidea) = Pycnothelia papillaria epimela [Norman ex] Almq. (Arthonia vagans ssp.) = Arthonia epimela (Almq.) I.M.Lamb/F epipasta (Ach.) Körb. (Arthonia) = Arthonia dispersa epipasta (Ach.) Nyl. (Arthonia astroidea v.) = Arthonia dispersa epipasta (Ach.) Schaer. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Arthonia dispersa epipasta Ach. (Opegrapha) = Arthonia dispersa epipastoides (Nyl.) Nyl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia dispersa epipastoides Nyl. (Arthonia astroidea v.) = Arthonia dispersa epipastus Ach. (Lichen) = Arthonia dispersa epiphloeum Ach. (Calicium trachelinum v.) = Calicium viride epiphylla Anzi (Cladonia bellidiflora f.) = Cladonia bellidiflora epiphylla Wheldon & Travis (Bacidia) = Bacidina egenula epiphyscia (Nyl.) Arnold (Conida) = Arthonia epiphyscia epiphyta Lynge (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca xanthostigmoidea (Räsänen) Zahlbr. epipolaea (Borrer) A.L.Sm. (Acrocordia) = Acrocordia conoidea epipolaea (Borrer) A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Acrocordia conoidea epipolaeum Arnold [non sensu A.Massal.] (Thelidium) = Polyblastia sepulta ? epipolia (Ach.) Mong. [non auct.] (Buellia) = Diplotomma alboatrum epipolia auct. (Buellia) = Diplotomma epipolium epipolia auct. [non Ach.] (Lecidea) = Diplotomma epipolium epipolioides (J.Steiner) Szatala (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina epipolium A.Massal. (Schismatomma) = Lecanactis dilleniana epipolium (Ach.) Arnold [non auct.] (Diplotomma) = Diplotomma alboatrum epipolium auct. (Diploschistes alboatrum v.) = Diplotomma epipolium epipolium auct. (Rhizocarpon alboatrum v.) = Diplotomma epipolium epipolius Ach. [non auct.] (Lichen) = Diplotomma alboatrum episcia A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia persoonii v.) = Arthopyrenia grisea episema (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Toninia episema episema (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Catillaria) = Toninia episema episema (Nyl.) Hafellner (Kiliasia) = Toninia episema episema (Nyl.) Zopf (Scutula) = Toninia episema episema Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia episema epispila Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon epispilum epithallinum [Leight. ex] Nyl. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon epibolum epithallinum (Nyl.) G.Salisb. (Thelocarpon epibolum v.) = Thelocarpon epibolum epithellum Nyl. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon laureri epixantha (Nyl.) Sandst. [non (Ach.) Arnold] (Candelariella) = Candelariella aurella epixanthina (Nyl.) Jatta (Bilimbia) = ? epixanthina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = ? 95 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms epixanthoides (Nyl.) Diederich (Biatora) = Mycobilimbia epixanthoides epixanthoides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia epixanthoides epixanthoidiza auct. [non (Nyl.) Räsänen] (Biatora) = Biatora chrysantha epixanthoidiza auct. [non Nyl.] (Lecidea) = Biatora chrysantha epixanthoidiza (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (Lecidea vernalis f.) = Biatora efflorescens epixanthoidiza (Nyl.) Räsänen (Biatora) = Biatora efflorescens epixanthoidiza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Biatora efflorescens epomenum A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca flavovirescens ? epulotica (Ach.) Anzi (Aspicilia) = Hymenelia epulotica epulotica (Ach.) Blomb. & Forssell (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia epulotica epulotica (Ach.) Trevis. (Pinacisca) = Hymenelia epulotica epulotica Ach. (Gyalecta) = Hymenelia epulotica erectum Frey (Stereocaulon alpinum v.) = Stereocaulon alpinum ? erhartii (Schaer.) Trevis. (Caloplaca cerina v.) = Caloplaca cerina ericetorum Fr. (Agaricus) = Omphalina ericetorum ericetorum L. (Lichen) = Icmadophila ericetorum erichsenii Hafellner & Türk (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia crozalsiana erichsenii Räsänen (Nesolechia) = Ramboldia insidiosa ericina (Nyl.) Boistel (Buellia disciformis v.) = Rinodina ericina ericina (Nyl.) Jatta (Buellia) = Rinodina ericina ericina Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rinodina ericina erigens Vain. (Physcia obscura f.) = Phaeophyscia sciastra erikssonii H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Lecanora carpinea erosa (Borrer) Leight. (Physcia) = Physcia tribacia erosa Hepp (Heppia) = Gloeoheppia erosa (Hepp) K.Marton erosa Nádv. (Physcia cernohorskyi v.) = Phaeophyscia kairamoi erosa (Weber) Hoffm. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria torrefacta erosa (Weber) Hoffm. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria torrefacta erratica Körb. (Lecidea) = Micarea erratica erraticum A.Massal. (Tichothecium) = Muellerella pygmaea v. athallina (Müll.Arg.) Triebel/F erubescens (Flot.) Th.Fr. (Catillaria lenticularis v.) = Catillaria lenticularis erubescens Flot. (Biatorina lenticularis v.) = Catillaria lenticularis erubescens Werner (Lecanora) = Lecanora lividocinerea erumpens (A.Massal.) Garov. (Verrucaria) = Porina aenea erumpens (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Porina aenea erumpens A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Porina aenea erumpens (Servít) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa parmigerella erumpens (Taylor) Elenkin (Peltigera) = Peltigera didactyla erysibe Ach. (Lichen) = Lecania erysibe erysibodes (Taylor) Trevis. (Segestria) = Porina lectissima erysiboides auct. p.p. (Catillaria) = Lecania cyrtella erysiboides auct. p.p. (Catillaria) = Micarea prasina erysiboides (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatorina) = Catillaria erysiboides erysiboides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria erysiboides erysiphaea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina) = Rinodina colobinoides erysiphaea Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina colobinoides erythrella (Ach.) Kieff. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca flavovirescens erythrella (Ach.) Kieff. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca flavovirescens erythrella Ach. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca flavovirescens erythrocarpa auct. p.p. [non (Pers.) Zwackh] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca teicholyta erythrocarpa Pers. (Patellaria) = Caloplaca erythrocarpa erythrophaea (Sommerf.) Fr. (Biatora) = Lecidea erythrophaea erythrosora Erichsen (Phlyctis) = Phlyctis argena escharioides (Hoffm.) Arnold (Lecidea granulosa v.) = Trapeliopsis granulosa eschogonioides Anzi (Biatora decolorans f.) = Trapeliopsis granulosa esculenta (Pall.) Ach. (Urceolaria) = Aspicilia esculenta esculenta (Pall.) Eversm. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia esculenta esculentus Pall. (Lichen) = Aspicilia esculenta esorediata Erichsen (Pertusaria lactea v.) = Pertusaria lactea esorediosa Gyeln. (Lobaria verrucosa f.) = Lobarina scrobiculata esorediosa Müll.Arg. (Evernia mesomorpha f.) = Evernia mesomorpha esthonica Räsänen (Usnea) = Usnea filipendula ? etrusca Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria mammosa eucarpa Hellb. (Sarcogyne) = Sarcogyne clavus eucarpa (Servít) Vĕzda (Gyalidea lecideopsis v.) = Gyalidea lecideopsis v. convarians (Nyl.) Lettau eucomosa Motyka (Usnea comosa ssp.) = Usnea subfloridana eudasypoga Motyka (Usnea dasypoga ssp.) = Usnea filipendula euganea (A.Massal.) Jatta (Urceolaria) = Diploschistes euganeus euganea A.Massal. (Cladonia muricata v.) = Cladonia rangiformis euganea A.Massal. (Limboria) = Diploschistes euganeus euganea Massal. (Cladonia rangiformis f.) = Cladonia rangiformis euganea Sambo (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia parella ? euganea (Trevis.) Garov. (Lithoicea macrostoma f.) = Verrucaria macrostoma euganea Trevis. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria macrostoma euganeum A.Massal. (Collema) = Collema tenax euganeus (A.Massal.) Müll.Arg. (Synechoblastus) = Collema tenax euopsoides Vain. (Lecidea trochodes v.) = Rimularia limborina eupetraea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeum eupetraeum (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon grande f.) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeum euphora A.Massal. (Physcia pusilla f.) = Caloplaca saxicola euphorbiae M.Choisy (Solenopsora candicans v.) = Solenopsora candicans euphorea Flörke (Lecidea sabuletorum v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma euphorea (Flörke) Arnold (Lecidea parasema v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma euphorea (Flörke) Hertel (Lecidella) = Lecidella elaeochroma euphorea (Flörke) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma euploca (Ach.) Vain. (Heppia) = Peltula euploca euplocus Ach. (Lichen) = Peltula euploca europaeum H.Magn. (Leprocollema) = Moelleropsis humida (Kullh.) Coppins & M.Jørg. eurycarpa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Sarcogyne clavus eusebii Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. euspeirea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia trullisata euspora (Nyl.) Anzi (Stenocybe) = Stenocybe major euthallinum (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr. (Leptogium diffractum v.) = Collema euthallinum euthallinum Zahlbr. (Collema leptogioides v.) = Collema euthallinum eutypa (Ach.) Mudd (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta evernioides [Anzi ex] Jatta (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina calicaris evernioides auct. [non (Nyl.) Follmann & Huneck] (Desmazieria) = Ramalina lacera evernioides auct. [non Nyl.] (Ramalina) = Ramalina lacera PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS evernioides (Jatta) Motyka (Ramalina calicaris v.) = Ramalina calicaris evernioides Nyl. [non auct.] (Ramalina) = Ramalina maciformis evoluta (Th.Fr.) Stein (Cladonia verticillata v.) = Cladonia cervicornis ssp. verticillata evoluta Zahlbr. (Rinodina dubyanoides v.) = Rinodinella dubyanoides exaltata [Nyl. ex] Vain. (Cladonia cenotea v.) = Cladonia cenotea exanthematica (Sm.) Fr. (Gyalecta) = Petractis clausa exanthematica (Sm.) Fr. (Petractis) = Petractis clausa exanthematica (Sm.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Petractis clausa exanthemoides (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta hypoleuca exanthemoides A.Massal. (Thelotrema gyalectoides v.) = Gyalecta hypoleuca exasperata (De Not.) Syd. (Parmelia aspidota v.) = Melanelia exasperata exasperata (De Not.) Rabenh. (Imbricaria) = Melanelia exasperata exasperata De Not. (Parmelia) = Melanelia exasperata exasperata [Delise ex] Duby (Ramalina fastigiata v.) = Ramalina fastigiata exasperata (Turner & Borrer) Mudd (Gyrophora cylindrica f.) = Umbilicaria cylindrica exasperatula (Nyl.) Syd. (Parmelia aspidota v.) = Melanelia exasperatula exasperatula Nyl. (Parmelia) = Melanelia exasperatula exasperatum A.Massal. (Endocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon moulinsii exasperatum Ach. (Collema) = Melanelia elegantula excavata G.Thor & Timdal (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia moenium excedens Kremp. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum excelsa Leight. (Lecidea) = Buellia excelsa (Leight.) A.L.Sm. excentrica (Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. (Allarthonia) = Arthonia excentrica Th.Fr./F excentricum (Ach.) Arnold (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon petraeum excipienda (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Arthonia dispersa v.) = Arthonia excipienda excipienda Nyl. (Arthonia astroidea v.) = Arthonia excipienda excipularis H.Magn. [nomen sed non planta] (Lecanora) = Aspicilia cinerea excipulata Coppins (Micarea) = Micarea lynceola (Th.Fr.) Palice excrescens Arnold (Imbricaria ciliata f.) = Parmotrema crinitum excrescens (Arnold) Hav. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema crinitum exempta (Ach.) K.G.W.Lång (Physcia tribacia v.) = Physcia tribacia exerta (Nyl.) Tibell (Chaenothecopsis) = Chaenothecopsis hospitans exertum Nyl. (Calicium paroicum ssp.) = Chaenothecopsis hospitans exesa (Servít) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa baldensis exigua (Ach.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Rinodina exigua exigua (Chaub.) Fr. (Biatora) = Lecidea exigua exigua Müll.Arg. (Microthelia) = Mycomicrothelia exigua (Müll.Arg.) D.Hawksw./F exigua Müll.Arg. (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina immersa exiguum Nyl. (Endocarpon) = Placidium squamulosum exiguus Ach. (Lichen) = Rinodina exigua exile Anzi (Calicium) = Phaeocalicium populneum ? exile Arnold (Thelidium) = Thelidium minutulum exilis auct. (Arthonia) = Arthonia apatetica 96 exilis auct. [non (Flörke) A.Massal.] (Abrothallus) = Arthonia apatetica exilis auct. [non (Flörke) A.Massal.] (Catillaria) = Arthonia apatetica exilis auct. [non (Flörke) Jatta] (Biatorina) = Arthonia apatetica exilis auct. [non (Flörke) Sandst.] (Allarthonia) = Arthonia apatetica exilis Flörke (Lecidea synothea v.) = Arthonia apatetica eximia Malme [non Hedl.] (Catillaria) = Lecidea plana exomila Stirt. (Lecanora) = Lecanora crenulata exornans Arnold (Lecidella umbonata f.) = Lecidea umbonata exornans (Arnold) Arnold (Lecidella) = Lecidea umbonata exornans (Arnold) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea umbonata expallens (Ach.) H.Olivier (Lecanora symmicta v.) = Lecanora expallens expallidum Nyl. (Nephromidium) = Nephroma expallidum expansa Ach. (Lecanora atra v.) = Lecanora campestris expansa [Nyl. ex] Norrl. (Lecidea) = Micarea erratica expansum Degel. (Collema tenax v.) = Collema tenax explicatum (Stirt.) Wheldon & A.Wilson (Thelidium) = Thelidium pyrenophorum exsecuta (Nyl.) Servít (Blastenia) = Caloplaca exsecuta exsecuta Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca exsecuta extensa (Ach.) H.Olivier (Cladonia coccifera v.) = Cladonia coccifera extensa Ach. (Capitularia) = Cladonia coccifera extensa Vain. (Usnea) = Usnea glabrescens exterior (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Rinodina confragosa v.) = Rinodina confragosa exterior Nyl. (Lecanora confragosa v.) = Rinodina confragosa extrusa Vain. (Lecanora confragosa v.) = Rinodina confragosa fagicola A.Massal. (Opegrapha varia v.) = Opegrapha varia fagicola Erichsen (Parmeliopsis ambigua v.) = Parmeliopsis ambigua fagicola Gyeln. (Parmelia rosiformis f.) = Parmelia sulcata fagicola Hepp [in Arnold] (Bacidia) = Pachyphiale fagicola fagicola (Hepp) Kremp. (Gyalecta) = Pachyphiale fagicola fagicola Zschacke (Lecidea) = Fuscidea stiriaca fagicola (Zschacke) Deschartres & Werner (Biatorinella) = Fuscidea stiriaca fagicola (Zschacke) Hafellner & Türk (Fuscidea) = Fuscidea stiriaca faginea auct.ital. p.p. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria amara faginea Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea rigida faginea (Müll.Arg.) Redinger (Allarthonia) = Arthonia faginea Müll.Arg. faginea (Schaer.) Arnold (Porina) = Strigula stigmatella faginea (Schaer.) Garov. (Pyrenula muscorum v.) = Strigula stigmatella faginea (Schaer.) Swinscow (Arthopyrenia) = Strigula stigmatella fagophila Motyka (Usnea florida ssp.) = Usnea florida fahlunensis auct. p.p. (Cetraria) = Melanelia commixta fahlunensis auct. p.p. (Cetraria) = Melanelia hepatizon fahlunensis auct. p.p. (Imbricaria) = Melanelia commixta fahlunensis auct. p.p. (Imbricaria) = Melanelia hepatizon fahlunensis auct. p.p. (Lichen) = Melanelia commixta fahlunensis auct. p.p. (Lichen) = Melanelia hepatizon fahlunensis auct. p.p. (Parmelia) = Melanelia commixta fahlunensis auct. p.p. (Parmelia) = Melanelia hepatizon fahlunensis L. [non auct.] (Lichen) = Melanelia stygia fallaciosa (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Polyblastiopsis) = Julella fallaciosa fallaciosa [Stizenb. ex] Arnold (Polyblastia) = Julella fallaciosa fallasca (A.Massal.) Jatta (Bilimbia) = Toninia cinereovirens fallasca A.Massal. (Toninia) = Toninia cinereovirens fallax (Ach.) Howitt (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria hymenea 97 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms fallax (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Pertusaria wulfenii v.) = Pertusaria hymenea fallax Ach. (Porina) = Pertusaria hymenea fallax (Bagl.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca conversa fallax (Bagl.) Wunder (Caloplaca conversa v.) = Caloplaca conversa fallax Bagl. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca conversa fallax De Not. (Dirina) = Dirina massiliensis fallax Hepp (Placodium) = Xanthoria fallax fallax (Hepp) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Biatora fallax fallax (Hepp) Arnold (Biatora vernalis f.) = Biatora fallax fallax (Hepp) Hepp [in Arnold, comb. inval.] (Biatorina) = Biatora fallax fallax (Körb.) Lettau (Bacidia) = Bacidia fraxinea fallax Körb. (Bacidia rubella v.) = Bacidia fraxinea fallax Motyka (Ramalina) = Ramalina farinacea fallax (Nyl.) Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Arthopyrenia analepta fallax (Nyl.) H.Riedl (Leiophloea) = Arthopyrenia analepta fallax (Nyl.) Oksner (Pseudosagedia) = Arthopyrenia analepta fallax Nyl. (Verrucaria epidermidis v.) = Arthopyrenia analepta fallax Weber (Cetraria glauca v.) = Platismatia glauca fallax (Weber) Anders (Cetraria) = Platismatia glauca fallax (Weber) DC. (Physcia) = Platimatia glauca fallax (Weber) Hoffm. (Platysma) = Platismatia glauca fallax Werner (Diploschistes ocellatus v.) = Diploschistes diacapsis farinacea Bitter (Parmelia) = Hypogymnia farinacea farinacea (Chevall.) Nyl. (Coniocybe) = Sclerophora farinacea (Chevall.) Chevall. farinacea (Chevall.) Sydow (Coniocybe nivea v.) = Sclerophora farinacea (Chevall.) Chevall. farinacea (H.Olivier) Vouaux (Mycobilimbia) = Arthonia farinacea (H.Olivier) R.Sant./F farinacea H.Magn. (Pertusaria) = Lecanora impudens farinacea (L.) Rabenh. (Ramalina calicaris v.) = Ramalina farinacea farinaceus L. (Lichen) = Ramalina farinacea farinosa (A.Massal.) de Lesd. (Lecania) = Lecania turicensis farinosa A.Massal. (Biatorina turicensis v.) = Lecania turicensis farinosa (Ach.) Nyl. [non H.Magn.] (Lecidea) = Lecanographa amylacea farinosa Anzi (Acarospora glaucocarpa v.) = Acarospora cervina farinosa Anzi (Buellia saxatilis f.) = Dactylospora saxatilis (Schaer.) Hafellner/F farinosa Anzi (Limboria actinostoma v.) = Diploschistes candidissimus farinosa Flörke (Urceolaria calcarea v.) = Aspicilia farinosa farinosa (Flörke) A.Massal. (Pachyospora calcarea v.) = Aspicilia farinosa farinosa (Flörke) A.Massal. (Pachyospora) = Aspicilia farinosa farinosa (Flörke) Hazsl. (Aspicilia calcarea v.) = Aspicilia farinosa farinosa (Flörke) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia farinosa farinosa H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lithophila farinosa Hepp [in Stizenb.] (Opegrapha) = Lecanographa farinosa farinosa (Hepp) Egea, Torrente & Manrique (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa farinosa farinosa Malme (Buellia) = Ochrolechia turneri farinosum (Stenh.) Lettau (Schismatomma pericleum v.) = Schismatomma pericleum farinosus (Anzi) Vĕzda (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes candidissimus farinosus (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes actinostomus v.) = Diploschistes candidissimus farrea (Ach.) Poelt [non sensu Poelt] (Physconia) = Physconia grisea ssp. grisea farrea Ach. [non auct.] (Parmelia) = Physconia grisea ssp. grisea farrea auct. [non (Ach.) Branth & Rostr.] (Pyrenula) = Eopyrenula leucoplaca farrea auct. [non Ach.] (Verrucaria) = Eopyrenula leucoplaca farrea auct. et sensu Poelt [non (Ach.) Poelt] (Physconia) = Physconia perisidiosa farrea auct. p.p. [non Ach.] (Physcia) = Physconia perisidiosa fartilis (Nyl.) Boistel (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia terrestris fascensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. fasciculare (L.) Flot. (Collema vespertilio v.) = Collema fasciculare fasciculare sensu A.Massal. (Lethagrium) = Collema nigrescens fasciculare (Wulfen) fascicularis (L.) A.L.Sm. (Synechoblastus) = Collema fasciculare fascicularis (L.) Schaer. (Parmelia nigrescens v.) = Collema fasciculare fascicularis L. (Lichen) = Collema fasciculare fastigiata De Not. (Ramalina cribrosa v.) = Ramalina clementeana fastigiata ([Delise ex] Nyl. [in Norrl.]) Kärnefelt (Cetraria) = Cetrariella fastigiata (Nyl.) Kärnefelt & Thell fastigiata (Pers.) Fr. (Ramalina calicaris v.) = Ramalina fastigiata fastigiata (Pers.) Fr. (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fastigiata fastigiatum Anzi (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon botryosum fastigiatum (Anzi) Anders (Stereocaulon evolutum f.) = Stereocaulon botryosum fastigiatum (Anzi) Th.Fr. (Stereocaulon evolutum v.) = Stereocaulon botryosum fastigiatus Pers. (Lichen) = Ramalina fastigiata fastuosa (A.Massal.) Motyka (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea fastuosa A.Massal. (Ramalina polymorpha v.) = Ramalina fraxinea fatiscens Kremp. (Lecidella aequata v.) = Lecidella patavina fatiscens (Th.Fr.) Malme (Rinodina atrocinerea v.) = Rinodina aspersa fatiscens (Th.Fr.) Vain. (Rinodina) = Rinodina aspersa faurelii Werner (Heppia) = Acarospora sp. fecundum Th.Fr. (Lopadium) = Schadonia fecunda femerensis Erichsen (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea femsjonense (Fr.) Trevis. (Psoroma) = Psoroma hypnorum femsjonensis Fr. (Lecanora) = Psoroma hypnorum fenestrata Motyka (Ramalina) = Ramalina fastigiata fennica Gyeln. (Peltigera polydactyloides f.) = Peltigera malacea fennica Räsänen (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica fennica Vain. (Belonia) = Belonia russula fennicum Laurila (Embolidium) = Chaenothecopsis fennica (Laurila) Tibell/F fennicum Räsänen (Lecyophysma) = Lempholemma intricatum fennicum (Räsänen) Degel. (Lempholemma) = Lempholemma intricatum ferganense Tomin (Dermatocarpon) = Neocatapyrenium rhizinosum (Müll.Arg.) Breuss ferox Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? ferrarii Bagl. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca ferrarii ferrata Nyl. (Lecidea petraea f.) = Rhizocarpon lavatum ? PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS ferratensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. ferruginascens H.Olivier (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca arenaria ferruginascens Nyl. (Lecidea hypopodioides f.) = Buellia leptocline ferruginascens (Rosend.) Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula ferruginata Harm. (Lecanora) = Bellemerea diamarta ferruginea auct. [non (Michx.) A.Massal.] (Usnea) = Usnea rubicunda ferruginea H.Magn. (Lecidea vulgata v.) = Lecidella stigmatea ferruginea Harm. (Urceolaria) = Ingvariella bispora ferruginea (Huds.) A.Massal. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca ferruginea ferruginea (Huds.) Fr. (Biatora) = Caloplaca ferruginea ferruginea Körb. (Acarospora sinopica v.) = Acarospora sinopica ferruginea Kremp. (Lecidea crustulata v.) = Porpidia crustulata ferruginea Lettau (Sarcogyne simplex f.) = Polysporina ferruginea ferruginea (Lettau) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Polysporina simplex f.) = Polysporina ferruginea ferruginea Szatala (Squamaria) = Lecanora lojkaeana ferrugineum (Huds.) Hepp (Placodium) = Caloplaca ferruginea ferrugineum (Huds.) Trevis. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca ferruginea ferrugineum (Sm.) A.Massal. (Cyphelium melanophaeum v.) = Chaenotheca ferruginea ferrugineum (Sm.) Jatta (Cyphelium) = Chaenotheca ferruginea ferrugineum (Sm.) Trevis. (Phacotium) = Chaenotheca ferruginea ferrugineum [Turner ex] Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Calicium) = Chaenotheca ferruginea ferrugineus Huds. (Lichen) = Caloplaca ferruginea ferruginosa Eitner (Sagedia) = Porina guentheri ferruginosa (Eitner) Anders (Porina) = Porina guentheri fertilis Garov. (Pertusaria fallax f.) = Pertusaria hymenea festiva (Ach.) A.Massal. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca crenularia festiva (Ach.) Nyl. (Blastenia ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca crenularia festiva (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca crenularia festiva (Ach.) Zwackh (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca crenularia festivella Nyl. (Lecanora ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca festivella festivum (Ach.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium ferrugineum v.) = Caloplaca crenularia fibrillosa Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea filipendula fibrillosa Schaer. (Parmelia parietina v.) = Xanthoria ulophyllodes fibrillosa Th.Fr. (Ramalina calicaris f.) = Ramalina sinensis fibula (Ach.) Nyl. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia fimbriata fibula Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia fimbriata figulina Norman (Limboria) = Odontotrema figulinum (Norman) Diederich/F figulinus (Norman) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes) = Odontotrema figulinum (Norman) Diederich/F filare Ach. (Calicium chrysocephalum v.) = Chaenotheca chrysocephala filaris (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Chaenotheca chrysocephala v.) = Chaenotheca chrysocephala filarszkyana Szatala (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria margacea filarszkyanum Gyeln. (Nephroma) = Nephroma resupinatum filiforme (Garov.) A.L.Sm. (Pterygium) = Placynthium filiforme filiforme Schaer. (Calicium trichiale v.) = Chaenotheca trichialis filiformis Garov. [in Nyl.] (Parmelia) = Placynthium filiforme 98 fimbriata Ach. (Gyrophora cylindrica v.) = Umbilicaria cylindrica fimbriata H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia fimbriata (H.Magn.) Oksner fimbriata (L.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia fimbriata fimbriata Tuck. (Rinodina radiata v.) = Buellia fimbriata fimbriatus L. (Lichen) = Cladonia fimbriata finkii [de Lesd. ex] Hue (Crocynia) = Lepraria lobificans finkii (Hue) R.C.Harris (Lepraria) = Lepraria lobificans firma (Nyl.) Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodina confragosa firma (Nyl.) Vain. (Cladonia foliacea v.) = Cladonia firma firma Nyl. (Cladonia alcicornis v.) = Cladonia firma firmiensis de Lesd. (Acarospora) = Acarospora sphaerospora firmior Mot. [nom.inval.] (Alectoria ochroleuca f.) = Alectoria ochroleuca firmum (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Leptogium plicatile v.) = Leptogium plicatile fissa Flörke (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia furcata fissa Taylor [in J.Mackay] (Verrucaria) = Staurothele fissa fissa (Taylor) Körb. (Sphaeromphale) = Staurothele fissa fissiseda Poelt (Caloplaca aurea v.) = Fulgensia pruinosa fissum (Taylor) Hepp (Thelotrema) = Staurothele fissa fissuriseda Poelt (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia fissuriseda fistulosa Motyka (Usnea florida ssp.) = Usnea rigida fittipaldiana Jatta (Rinodina) = Rinodina sp. fiumana Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca polycarpa flabelliformis auct. [non (Flörke) Vain.] (Cladonia) = Cladonia polydactyla flabellosa Tuck. (Pannaria) = Placynthium flabellosum flaccida (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Collema flaccidum flaccidulum Flagey (Lethagrium) = Collema polycarpon ssp. corcyrense flaccidum (Ach.) Spreng. (Collema furvum v.) = Collema flaccidum flaccidus (Ach.) Körb. (Synechoblastus) = Collema flaccidum flaccidus Ach. (Lichen) = Collema flaccidum flagellata Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea filipendula ? flageyana Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca tavaresiana ? flageyi Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia aquatica flageyi (Hue) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia aquatica flammea (Anzi) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca coccinea flammeum Anzi (Placodium) = Caloplaca coccinea flava (Anzi) Jatta (Caloplaca cerina f.) = Caloplaca tiroliensis flava auct. (Crocynia) = Chrysothrix candelaris flava auct.ital. p.p. (Lepra) = Chrysothrix candelaris flava (Bellardi) Anzi (Gussonea) = Pleopsidium flavum flava (Bellardi) J.Steiner (Acarospora) = Pleopsidium flavum flava (Schreb.) Sm. [non auct.p.p.] (Lepraria) = Chrysothrix candelaris flava (Sommerf.) M.Lange (Omphalina) = Omphalina alpina flava (Sommerf.) Möller (Omphalia) = Omphalina alpina flava (W.Johnson) A.L.Sm. (Biatorella) = Sarcogyne regularis flavens Nyl. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma flaventior (Stirt.) Krog (Punctelia) = Flavopunctelia flaventior flaventior Stirt. (Parmelia) = Flavopunctelia flaventior flavescens A.Massal. (Lecidea) = Lecanora atrosulphurea (Wahlenb.) Ach. flavescens (Bagl.) Bagl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. sulphurata flavescens Bagl. (Lecanora sordida v.) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. sulphurata flavescens (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes scruposus f.) = Diploschistes scruposus flavescens (Huds.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium) = Caloplaca flavescens flavescens Huds. (Lichen) = Caloplaca flavescens 99 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms flavicans (Ach.) Hertel (Lecidella elaeochroma v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma flavicans Ach. (Lecidea anomala v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma flavicans (Flörke) Ahti & DePriest (Cladonia ciliata v.) = Cladonia ciliata v. tenuis flavicans Moris & De Not. (Urceolaria scruposa v.) = Diploschistes sp. flavicans (Stizenb.) Müll.Arg. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia cupularis flavicans (Sw.) A.Massal. (Tornabenia) = Teloschistes flavicans flavicans (Sw.) Ach. (Borrera) = Teloschistes flavicans flavicans Sw. (Lichen) = Teloschistes flavicans flavicunda (Ach.) Arnold (Lecidea platycarpa v.) = Porpidia flavicunda flavicunda (Ach.) May.Inoue (Huilia) = Porpidia flavicunda flavicunda (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecidea contigua v.) = Porpidia flavicunda flavicunda Ach. (Lecidea) = Porpidia flavicunda flavicunda (H.Olivier) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca lactea f.) = Caloplaca crenulatella flavida DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Variolaria) = Pertusaria flavida flavida Hepp (Lecanora) = Eiglera flavida flavida (Hepp) Rehm (Aspicilia) = Eiglera flavida flavida Moris & De Not. (Lecidea enteroleuca v.) = Lecidella asema v. elaeochromoides flavireagens auct. (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon macaronesicum Purvis & P.James flavocaerulescens (Hornem.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab (Porpidia) = Porpidia flavicunda flavocaerulescens (Hornem.) Hertel (Huilia) = Porpidia flavicunda flavocaerulescens (Hornem.) V.Wirth (Haplocarpon) = Porpidia flavicunda flavocaerulescens Hornem. (Lecidea) = Porpidia flavicunda flavocitrina Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca flavocitrina flavocitrina Paulson (Chaenotheca melanophaea v.) = Chaenotheca ferruginea flavocoerulescens (Hornem.) Hepp (Biatora) = Porpidia flavicunda flavofusca (Schrad.) W.Mann (Biatora) = Caloplaca flavovirescens flavopunctata Tønsberg (Lecanora) = Biatora flavopunctata flavorubens Bagl. & Carestia (Acarospora) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula flavorubens Werner (Lecidea) = Psora decipiens flavorubescens Huds. (Lichen) = Caloplaca flavorubescens flavosorediata Vĕzda (Lecidea) = Lecidella flavosorediata flavosorediata (Vĕzda) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecidella elaeochroma v.) = Lecidella flavosorediata flavovirella (Nyl.) Lettau (Candelariella) = Candelariella vitellina f. flavovirella flavovirens Bagl. (Verrucaria lecideoides v.) = Verrucaria lecideoides ? flavovirescens (Dicks.) A.Massal. (Raphiospora) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella flavovirescens (Dicks.) Anzi (Bacidia) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella flavovirescens (Dicks.) Jatta (Scoliciosporum) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella flavovirescens (Dicks.) Rehm (Mycobacidia) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella flavovirescens (Dicks.) Th.Fr. (Arthrorhaphis) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella flavovirescens (Dicks.) Vain. (Lecidea) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella flavovirescens Dicks. [non Wulfen] (Lichen) = Arthrorhaphis citrinella flavovirescens Wulfen (Lichen) = Caloplaca flavovirescens flavovirescens (Wulfen) A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca flavovirescens flavovirescens (Wulfen) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca flavorubescens ssp.) = Caloplaca flavovirescens flavovirescens (Wulfen) Hepp (Placodium aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca flavovirescens flavum Anzi (Placodium cerinum v.) = Caloplaca tiroliensis flavum (Anzi) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Callopisma cerinum f.) = Caloplaca tiroliensis flavus Bellardi (Lichen) = Pleopsidium flavum flexella (Ach.) Coppins (Ptychographa) = Elixia flexella flexella (Ach.) Hedl. (Lecidea) = Elixia flexella flexella (Ach.) M.Choisy (Leptographa) = Elixia flexella flexella (Ach.) Nyl. (Xylographa) = Elixia flexella flexella (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Lithographa) = Elixia flexella flexella Ach. (Limboria) = Elixia flexella flexipes Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca brunneola flexuosa A.Massal. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta flexuosa Bagl. & Carestia (Sarcogyne platycarpoides v.) = Sarcogyne regularis v. platycarpoides ? flexuosa (Fr.) Nyl.[non sensu Nyl.] (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis flexuosa flexuosa (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea granulosa ssp.) = Trapeliopsis flexuosa flexuosa Fr. (Biatora) = Trapeliopsis flexuosa flocculosa (Wulfen) Hoffm. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria deusta flocculosa (Wulfen) Schaer. (Gyrophora aenea v.) = Umbilicaria deusta flocculosa (Wulfen) Turner & Borrer (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria deusta floerkeana Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria dolosa ? floerkeana (Fr.) Flörke (Cladonia) = Cladonia macilenta ssp. floerkeana floerkeana Fr. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia macilenta ssp. floerkeana floerkei (Körb.) A.Massal. (Leciographa) = Dactylospora parasitica (Spreng.) Zopf/F floerkei Nádv. (Physcia dubia v.) = Physcia dubia floerkei Trevis. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria xyloxena floerkei Zahlbr. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla florescens Ciferri (Lecanora albella f.) = Lecanora sp. florida (L.) Fr. (Usnea barbata v.) = Usnea florida floridula Motyka (Usnea florida ssp.) = Usnea rigida floridus L. (Lichen) = Usnea florida flotowiana Flörke [in Körb.] (Pertusaria ocellata v.) = Pertusaria amara v. flotowiana flotowiana Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Melanelia fuliginosa s. lat. flotowiana Hepp (Verrucaria) = Pyrenocarpon flotowianum (Hepp) Trevis. flotowiana (Hepp) Nyl. (Pyrenopsis) = Pyrenocarpon flotowianum (Hepp) Trevis. flotowii A.Massal. (Enterographa) = Schismatomma graphidioides fluctuans (Kremp.) Zahlbr. (Leptogium cataclystum v.) = Leptogium plicatile fluviatile (Huds.) Cromb. (Leptogium) = Collema dichotomum (With.) J.R.Laundon fluviatile (Huds.) Steud. (Collema) = Collema dichotomum (With.) J.R.Laundon fluviatile (Weber) DC. (Endocarpon) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. luridum PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS fluviatile (Weber) Th.Fr. (Dermatocarpon) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. luridum fluviatilis Huds. [non Weber] (Lichen) = Collema dichotomum (With.) J.R.Laundon fluviatilis Weber [non Huds.] (Lichen) = Dermatocarpon luridum foehrensis Erichsen (Lecanora) = Lecanora expallens foliaceus Huds. (Lichen) = Cladonia foliacea foliata (Arnold) Kernst. (Cladonia) = Cladonia acuminata foliata (Arnold) Vain. (Cladonia acuminata ssp.) = Cladonia acuminata foliosa Delise (Cenomyce racemosa v.) = Cladonia furcata foliosa Flörke (Cladonia rangiformis v.) = Cladonia rangiformis fontigenum A.Massal. (Thelidium) = Thelidium cataractarum foranum Anzi (Thelotrema) = Polyblastia forana forissii Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria capillaris forissii Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. forissii Szatala (Collema) = Collema limosum formata Maheu & A.Gillet (Lecidea elata v.) = Lecanora marginata formosa Bagl. & Carestia (Lecidea) = Lecanora formosa fornicata (Körb.) Rabenh. (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia tenella fossarum [Dufour ex] Fr. (Lecidea) = Biatorella fossarum foveata (Vain.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Usnea plicata v.) = Usnea hirta foveata Vain. (Usnea) = Usnea hirta foveolaris (Ach.) A.Massal. (Petractis) = Gyalecta foveolaris foveolaris (Ach.) A.Massal. (Secoliga) = Gyalecta foveolaris foveolaris Ach. (Urceolaria) = Gyalecta foveolaris foveolata Bagl. & Carestia (Acarospora smaragdula v.) = Acarospora freyi foveolata Flörke (Verrucaria schraderi v.) = Verrucaria foveolata foveolata Sm. (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema halodytes foveolatum (Flörke) A.Massal. (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria foveolata fragile (Taylor) Nyl. (Leptogium) = Collema fragile fragilis L. (Lichen) = Sphaerophorus fragilis fragilis (Scop.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Squamarina gypsacea fragilissima Østh. & P.James (Cladonia) = Cladonia callosa [Del. ex] Harm. fragrans (Sm.) Leight. (Leptogium) = Collema fragrans fragrans Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Lichen) = Collema fragrans franconia Zschacke (Verrucaria submersa v.) = Verrucaria franconia franconicum (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Lempholemma) = Lempholemma chalazanum franconicum A.Massal. (Physma) = Lempholemma chalazanum frandulosa Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria lecideoides frankliniana Taylor (Parmelia) = Vulpicida pinastri fraterculans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea peliocarpa fraterna Anzi (Bacidia) = Bacidia herbarum fraudans Räsänen (Aspicilia alpina ssp.) = Bellemerea subsorediza fraudans Th.Fr. (Caloplaca ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca fraudans (Th.Fr.) H.Olivier fraudulenta Körb. (Catillaria) = Caloplaca alociza fraxinea Bagl. (Arthonia astroidea f.) = Arthonia punctiformis fraxinea (L.) Mont. (Ramalina calicaris v.) = Ramalina fraxinea fraxinea W.Mann (Opegrapha subocellata v.) = Opegrapha rufescens fraxineus L. (Lichen) = Ramalina fraxinea 100 fraxini (A.Massal.) Anzi (Arthopyrenia punctiformis v.) = Naetrocymbe fraxini fraxini (A.Massal.) Garov. (Verrucaria epidermidis v.) = Naetrocymbe fraxini fraxini (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Pyrenula) = Naetrocymbe fraxini fraxini A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe fraxini fraxinicolum Trevis. (Spermatodium malitiosum v.) = Naetrocymbe fraxini fremontii Tuck. (Alectoria) = Bryoria fremontii freyi Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Megaspora verrucosa v. verrucosa freyi (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora impressula v.) = Acarospora freyi freyi H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina septentrionalis freyi Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? friabilis Brodo & D.Hawksw. (Bryoria) = Bryoria implexa friesiana Hepp (Biatora) = Bacidia friesiana friesii (Ach.) Hellb. (Psora) = Hypocenomyce friesii friesii Ach. [in Lilj.] (Lecidea) = Hypocenomyce friesii friesii H.Magn. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca tiroliensis friesii (Körb.) A.Massal. (Petractis) = Gyalecta friesii friesii (Körb.) A.Massal. (Secoliga) = Gyalecta friesii frigida J.R.Laundon (Lepraria) = Lepraria eburnea frigidella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Japewia tornoënsis frigidum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geographicum ssp. frigidum frigidum (Räsänen) Runemark (Rhizocarpon tinei ssp.) = Rhizocarpon geographicum ssp. frigidum frigidus Sw. (Lichen) = Ochrolechia frigida frisiaca Erichsen (Buellia) = Buellia ocellata frisiaca Erichsen (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria halizoa Leight. fritzei Körb. (Calicium salicinum v.) = Calicium salicinum fritzei Stein (Gyalecta) = Gyalidea fritzei (Stein) Vĕzda frondescens Nyl. (Cladonia) = Cladonia pleurota frustillata Nyl. (Omphalaria) = Anema nummularium frustulosa (Anzi) Nyl. (Collemopsis) = Psorotichia frustulosa frustulosa auct. p.p. (Lecanora) = Lecanora argopholis frustulosa (Dicks.) Trevis. (Patellaria) = Lecanora frustulosa frustulosus Dicks. (Lichen) = Lecanora frustulosa fruticoracemosa auct. (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia furcata fruticosa Schaer. (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia furcata fruticosum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon saanaense fucata Stirt. (Lecidea) = Mycoblastus fucatus fuciformis L. (Lichen) = Roccella fuciformis fucoides (Dicks.) Vain. (Roccella) = Roccella phycopsis fucoides Dicks. (Lichen) = Roccella phycopsis fucoides With. (Lichen) = Cornicularia normoerica fueistingii auct. (Thelidium) = Thelidium zwackhii fueistingii Körb. (Lahmia) = Arthrorhaphis grisea fugax Müll.Arg. (Melaspilea) = Melaspilea proximella fulgens [Hampe ex] A.Massal. (Bilimbia) = Chrysothrix candelaris fulgens (Sw.) A.Massal. (Psoroma) = Fulgensia fulgens fulgens (Sw.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Fulgensia fulgens fulgens (Sw.) DC. (Placodium) = Fulgensia fulgens fulgens (Sw.) Hook. (Squamaria) = Fulgensia fulgens fulgens (Sw.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Fulgensia fulgens fulgens Sw. (Lichen) = Fulgensia fulgens fulgida (Nyl.) Hue (Lecanora) = Fulgensia fulgida fulgida (Nyl.) J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Fulgensia fulgida fulgidum Nyl. (Placodium) = Fulgensia fulgida fuliginea A.Massal. (Rinodina leprosa v. lecideina f.) = Rinodina pityrea fuliginea (Ach.) Fr. (Biatora uliginosa v.) = Placynthiella icmalea fuliginea (Ach.) Fr. (Biatora) = Placynthiella icmalea 101 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms fuliginea (Ach.) Link (Lecidea uliginosa v.) = Placynthiella icmalea fuliginea Ach. (Lecidea) = Placynthiella icmalea fuliginea Ach. (Verrucaria) = Thelignya lignyota fuliginosa (Duby) Grummann (Parmelia glabratula v.) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. fuliginosa fuliginosa (Duby) J.R.Laundon (Parmelia glabratula ssp.) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. fuliginosa fuliginosa (Duby) Nyl. [non (Ach.) Schaer.] (Parmelia) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. fuliginosa fuliginosa (Hav.) Frey (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria havaasii Llano fuliginosa Hav. [in Lynge] (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria havaasii Llano fuliginosa (Hepp) Jatta (Buellia punctata f.) = Amandinea punctata fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Hepp (Sticta sylvatica v.) = Sticta fuliginosa fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Nyl. (Stictina) = Sticta fuliginosa fuliginosa Hoffm. (Lobaria) = Sticta fuliginosa fuliginosa (Taylor) Fr. (Biatora) = Lecidea fuliginosa fuliginosa (Taylor) Stein (Psora) = Lecidea fuliginosa fuliginosa Th.Fr. (Lecidea enaliza v.) = Lecidea paraclitica Nyl. fuliginosum Müll.Arg. (Leptogium menziesii f.) = Leptogium burnetiae fuliginosum Turner & Borrer [in Schaer.] (Spiloma) = Arthonia fuliginosa fulva (Anzi) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca variabilis f.) = Caloplaca variabilis fulva (Anzi) J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca variabilis fulva (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca lactea f.) = Caloplaca marmorata fulva Harm. (Lecanora lactea f.) = Caloplaca marmorata fulva (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Parmelia parietina v.) = Xanthoria fulva fulva (Körb.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca cirrochroa ssp.) = Caloplaca proteus fulva (L.) Fr. (Coniocybe furfuracea f.) = Chaenotheca furfuracea fulva (L.) Schaer. (Coniocybe furfuracea v.) = Chaenotheca furfuracea fulvoglauca Flagey (Caloplaca variabilis v.) = Caloplaca variabilis fulvolutea Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca fulvolutea fulvomellea A.L.Sm. (Lecanora) = Ionaspis lacustris fulvopallens P.D.Orton (Omphalina) = Omphalina ericetorum fulvoreagens auct. [non (Räsänen) Räsänen] (Usnea) = Usnea lapponica fulvoreagens Räsänen (Usnea glabrescens v.) = Usnea fulvoreagens fulvum Anzi (Placodium) = Caloplaca variabilis fumago (Wallr.) [Anzi ex] Arnold (Arthopyrenia rhyponta f.) = Naetrocymbe rhyponta fumago (Wallr.) Mudd (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe rhyponta fumago Wallr. (Verrucaria) = Naetrocymbe rhyponta fumida Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium fumidum (Nyl.) Hazsl. fumosa (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Psora) = Lecidea fuscoatra fumosa (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuscoatra fumosa (Hoffm.) Spreng. (Lecidea fuscoatra v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra fumosa Wedd. (Lecanora confragosa v.) = Rinodina beccariana funckiana Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria nigrescens funckii (A.Massal.) Zwackh [non Verrucaria funckii (Spreng.) Zahlbr.] (Verrucaria nigrescens v.) = Verrucaria nigrescens funckii (Flot.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Lecidea) = Lecidea atrobrunnea funckii (Flot.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Sporastatia) = Lecidea atrobrunnea funckii sensu A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria nigrescens funera Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Ropalospora lugubris fungiforme (Scop.) Flot. (Sphyridium) = Baeomyces rufus fungiformis Scop. (Lichen) = Baeomyces rufus furcata (Huds.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia furcata furcatosubulata Hoffm. (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia furcata furcatus Huds. (Lichen) = Cladonia furcata furcellata Fr. (Cetraria) = Bryoria furcellata furfuracea A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Melaspilea proximella furfuracea Anzi (Arthonia) = Leciographa furfuracea (Anzi) Rehm/F furfuracea Anzi (Biatora) = Lecidea pullata furfuracea (Anzi) Jatta [non Pers.] (Lecidea) = Lecidea pullata furfuracea de Lesd. (Verrucaria macrostoma f.) = Verrucaria tectorum ? furfuracea H.Magn. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca herbidella furfuracea (L.) Ach. (Borrera) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. furfuracea furfuracea (L.) Ach. (Coniocybe) = Chaenotheca furfuracea furfuracea (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. furfuracea furfuracea (L.) W.Mann (Evernia) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. furfuracea furfuracea (Schaer.) Linds. (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia saxatilis furfuraceum Arnold (Synechoblastus nigrescens v.) = Collema furfuraceum furfuraceum (Arnold) H.Olivier (Collema nigrescens v.) = Collema furfuraceum furfuraceum Harm. (Leptogium hildenbrandii f.) = Leptogium furfuraceum furfuraceus L. (Lichen) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. furfuracea furfuraceus L. (Mucor) = Chaenotheca furfuracea furfurascens Nyl. (Pannaria) = Leciophysma furfurascens (Nyl.) Gyeln. furfurellum Nyl. (Collema) = Porocyphus coccodes furfurellus (Nyl.) Forssell (Porocyphus) = Porocyphus coccodes furfureum (Nyl.) Forssell (Pyrenopsidium) = Pyrenopsis furfurea (Nyl.) Leight. furva (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Collema fuscovirens furva H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia oleaginea ? furvella [Nyl. ex] Mudd (Lecidea) = Rimularia furvella (Mudd) Hertel & Rambold furvellum Räsänen (Collema) = Collema glebulentum furvescens (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Porina) = Porina mammillosa furvula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rimularia furvella (Mudd) Hertel & Rambold furvum (Ach.) DC. (Collema) = Collema fuscovirens furvum (Ach.) Rabenh. (Collema rupestre v.) = Collema fuscovirens furvus Ach. (Lichen) = Collema fuscovirens fusarioides D.Hawksw., Poelt & Tscherm.-Woess (Woessia) = Bacidina arnoldiana fusca (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Catolechia) = Rinodinella controversa fusca (A.Massal.) Du Rietz (Bacidia) = Mycobilimbia tetramera fusca (A.Massal.) Hafellner & V.Wirth (Mycobilimbia) = Mycobilimbia tetramera fusca (A.Massal.) Hepp (Arthonia) = Arthonia lapidicola fusca (A.Massal.) Jatta (Caloplaca variabilis f.) = Caloplaca variabilis fusca (A.Massal.) Sandst. (Allarthonia) = Arthonia lapidicola PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS fusca (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Rinodinella controversa fusca [A.Massal. ex] Anzi (Arthonia gregaria v.) = Arthonia cinnabarina fusca A.Massal. (Biatora effusa v.) = Lecanora saligna fusca A.Massal. (Bilimbia) = Mycobilimbia tetramera fusca A.Massal. (Catillaria) = Arthonia lapidicola fusca A.Massal. (Pyrenodesmia variabilis v.) = Caloplaca variabilis fusca A.Massal. (Rinodina) = Rinodinella controversa fusca Anzi (Buellia spuria v.) = Buellia fusca fusca auct. [non (Schaer.) Th.Fr.] (Biatora) = Mycobilimbia tetramera fusca auct. [non Pers.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria nigrescens fusca (de Lesd.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora smaragdula v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula fusca de Lesd. (Acarospora) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula fusca (Flot.) Körb. (Cetraria glauca v.) = Platismatia glauca fusca Flot. (Peltigera malacea v.) = Peltigera malacea fusca (Hepp) A.Massal. (Racoblenna) = Placynthium nigrum fusca (Huds.) A.L.Sm. (Physcia) = Anaptychia runcinata fusca (Huds.) Vain. (Anaptychia) = Anaptychia runcinata fusca Schaer. (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia hypnorum fuscatae Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Stigmidium fuscatae (Arnold) R.Sant./F fuscata Schrad. (Lecanora) = Acarospora fuscata fuscatula Nyl. (Pyrenopsis) = Pyrenopsis subareolata Nyl. ? fuscella (Fr.) Almb. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha vermicellifera fuscella Schaer. (Lecanora pallida v.) = Lecania fuscella fuscella (Turner) Arnold (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria fuscella fuscellus Turner (Lichen) = Verrucaria fuscella fuscescens Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria fuscescens fuscescens Nyl. (Cladonia degenerans v.) = Cladonia phyllophora fuscescens (Sommerf.) Boistel (Biatorella) = Lecanora fuscescens fuscescens (Sommerf.) Fr. (Biatora) = Lecanora fuscescens fuscescens Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Lecanora fuscescens fuscidula auct. (Alectoria) = Bryoria capillaris fuscipes (H.Olivier) Zahlbr. (Calicium abietinum v.) = Calicium abietinum fuscireagens auct. (Arthrorhaphis) = Arthrorhaphis muddii fuscireagens (Vain.) Poelt [non auct.] (Arthrorhaphis) = Arthrorhaphis grisea fusciuscula Lamy (Caloplaca festiva f.) = Caloplaca crenularia fuscoater L. (Lichen) = Lecidea fuscoatra fuscoatra auct. [non (Decuill.) Zahlbr.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca aractina fuscoatra Pers. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria nigrescens fuscoatroides Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. fuscoatrum auct. [non (Nyl.) A.L.Sm.] (Placodium) = Caloplaca aractina fuscocinerascens Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aethiobola fuscocinerea auct. p.p. [non Nyl.] (Lecidea) = Rimularia gyrizans (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold fuscocinerea (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Dermatina) = Mycoporum fuscocinereum (Körb.) Nyl. fuscocinerea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Schaereria fuscocinerea fuscoclavata Eitner (Ionaspis) = Ionaspis chrysophana fuscocuprea Nyl. (Verrucaria cuprea v.) = Staurothele fuscocuprea fuscolutea (Ach.) A.Massal. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca jungermanniae fuscolutea (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca jungermanniae 102 fuscolutea (Dicks.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Brigantiaea fuscolutea (Dicks.) R.Sant. fuscoluteolina Mudd (Lecanora) = Caloplaca nivalis fuscoluteum (Ach.) Hepp (Placodium) = Caloplaca jungermanniae fuscoluteum (Ach.) Arnold (Callopisma) = Caloplaca jungermanniae fuscoluteum (Dicks.) Mudd (Lopadium) = Brigantiaea fuscolutea (Dicks.) R.Sant. fuscolutoides Räsänen (Caloplaca jungermanniae v.) = Caloplaca fulvolutea fuscopurpureum Tul. (Celidium) = Arthonia fuscopurpurea (Tul.) R.Sant./F fuscorubella (Ach.) Bausch (Bacidia) = Bacidia polychroa fuscorubella (Ach.) Stizenb. (Secoliga) = Bacidia polychroa fuscorubella Ach. (Lecidea luteola v.) = Bacidia polychroa fuscorubella Hoffm. [nom.inval.] (Verrucaria) = Bacidia polychroa fuscorubens (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Clauzadea monticola fuscorubens (Nyl.) Stein (Lecidella) = Clauzadea monticola fuscorubens Nyl. (Biatora) = Clauzadea monticola fuscorufescens Vain. (Baeomyces) = Baeomyces carneus fuscovirens With. (Lichen) = Collema fuscovirens fuscoviridis Anzi (Bilimbia) = Bacidia fuscoviridis fuscum (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Coniangium) = Arthonia lapidicola fuscum A.Massal. (Callopisma cerinum v.) = Caloplaca cerina fuscum Flot. (Rhizocarpon petraeum v.) = Rhizocarpon petraeum fuscum (Hepp) Jatta (Placynthium corallinoides v.) = Placynthium nigrum fuscum (Hepp) Trevis. (Placynthium nigrum v.) = Placynthium nigrum fusispora [Flot. ex] Garov. (Verrucaria epidermidis v.) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis fusispora (Garov.) Bagl. & Carestia (Campylacia oxyspora v.) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis fusispora ([Hepp ex] Körb.) Th.Fr. (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica fusispora Körb. (Raphiospora) = Toninia aromatica fusisporella Nyl. (Graphis) = Spirographa fusisporella (Nyl.) Zahlbr./F gagei Hook. [non (Sm.) A.L.Sm.] (Lecidea) = Catillaria lenticularis gagei (Sm.) A.L.Sm. [non Hook.] (Lecidea) = Herteliana taylorii (Salwey) P.James galactiformis Flagey (Arthonia) = Arthonia caesiella galactina Ach. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albescens galactina Ach. [non sensu A.Massal.] (Arthonia punctiformis v.) = Arthonia galactites galactinaria Leight. (Arthonia) = Arthonia apotheciorum galactinella Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. galactitella Nyl. (Arthonia epipastoides v.) = Arthonia glaucella galactites DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Verrucaria) = Arthonia galactites galbula (DC.) Anzi (Catolechia) = Catolechia wahlenbergii galbula (DC.) Boistel (Toninia) = Catolechia wahlenbergii galbula DC. (Psora) = Catolechia wahlenbergii gallica de Lesd. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria pluripuncta gallica Verseghy (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia subviridis gangalea auct. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pulicaris gangaleoides (Nyl.) Harm. (Lecanora cenisia v.) = Lecanora gangaleoides garganica Jatta (Opegrapha rupestris v.) = Opegrapha rupestris garovaglii A.Massal. (Acrocordia) = Acrocordia conoidea 103 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms garovaglii A.Massal. (Racoblenna) = Placynthium garovaglii garovaglii A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Strigula glabra garovaglii (Körb.) Anzi (Squamaria) = Lecanora garovaglii garovaglii (Körb.) Bagl. & Carestia (Placodium saxicolum v.) = Lecanora garovaglii garovaglii Körb. (Placodium) = Lecanora garovaglii garovaglii (Mont.) Schaer. (Endocarpon) = Endocarpon pusillum garovaglii (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Sticta linita v.) = Lobaria linita garovaglii (Schaer.) Anzi (Psora) = Miriquidica garovaglii garovaglii (Schaer.) Fr. (Parmelia) = Miriquidica garovaglii garovaglii (Schaer.) Jatta (Biatora aenea v.) = Miriquidica garovaglii garovaglii (Schaer.) Jatta (Lecidea aenea v.) = Miriquidica garovaglii garovaglii (Schaer.) Jatta (Lecidea atrobrunnea v.) = Miriquidica garovaglii garovaglii (Schaer.) Jatta (Lobaria) = Lobaria linita garovaglii Schaer. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica garovaglii gattefossei (M.Choisy) Zahlbr. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema hypoleucinum gattefossei M.Choisy (Parmotrema) = Parmotrema hypoleucinum gebennica Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria minuta ? gelasinata (With.) Zahlbr. (Sphinctrina) = Sphinctrina turbinata gelatinosa (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Polyblastia) = Agonimia gelatinosa (Ach.) A.M.Brand & Diederich gelatinosa Chevall. (Arthonia) = Tomasellia gelatinosa gelatinosa Flörke (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis gelatinosa gelatinosa (Flörke) Brodo (Micarea) = Trapeliopsis gelatinosa gelatinosa (Flörke) Flot. (Biatora) = Trapeliopsis gelatinosa gelatinosa (Flörke) Fr. (Biatora viridescens v.) = Trapeliopsis gelatinosa gelatinosa sensu Sommerf. [non Ach.] (Verrucaria) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoides gelatinosa (Zahlbr.) Zschacke (Gloeopyrenia) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoides gelatinosa Zahlbr. (Microglaena) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoides gelatinosum (Chevall.) Trevis. (Athrismidium) = Tomasellia gelatinosa gelatinosus With. (Lichen) = Leptogium gelatinosum gelida (L.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Placopsis gelida gelida (L.) Nyl. (Squamaria) = Placopsis gelida gelidum (L.) Gray (Placodium) = Placopsis gelida gelidus L. (Lichen) = Placopsis gelida gemella Anzi (Bombyliospora) = Schadonia alpina gemellum (Anzi) Jatta (Lopadium) = Schadonia alpina geminipara (Th.Fr.) Vain. (Ochrolechia) = Pertusaria geminipara geminipara Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Pertusaria geminipara gemmata (Ach.) A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Acrocordia gemmata gemmata (Ach.) Ach. (Verrucaria) = Acrocordia gemmata gemmatus Ach. (Lichen) = Acrocordia gemmata genevense Müll.Arg. (Callopisma) = Lecania polycycla genevensis (Müll.Arg.) Lettau (Lecania) = Lecania polycycla gennarii (Bagl.) J.Steiner (Lecania spadicea v.) = Lecania spadicea gennarii (Bagl.) Jatta (Pseudoleptogium) = Polychidium albociliatum gennarii Bagl. (Polychidium) = Leptochidium albociliatum gennarii Bagl. (Ricasolia) = Lecania spadicea genovensis Servít (Verrucaria subconcentrica f.) = Bagliettoa baldensis genuensis de Lesd. (Bacidia) = Bacidina egenula genuensis de Lesd. (Lecanora) = Lecanora campestris genuina Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera scabrosa genuina Körb. (Alectoria sarmentosa v.) = Alectoria sarmentosa genuina Körb. (Biatora leucophaea v.) = Miriquidica leucophaea genuina Körb. (Solorina saccata v.) = Solorina saccata genuina Körb. (Zeora coarctata v.) = Trapelia coarctata genuina Th.Fr. (Rinodina sophodes v.) = Rinodina sophodes genuinum (Körb.) Stein (Callopisma ferrugineum v.) = Caloplaca ferruginea genuinum (Th.Fr.) Stein (Callopisma vitellinum v.) = Candelariella vitellina geochroa Körb. (Biatora) = Ainioa geochroa (Körb.) Lumbsch & I.Schmitt geochroa Wahlenb. (Lecidea sabuletorum v.) = Frutidella caesioatra geoctona Hellb. (Microglaena) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella geographica [A.Massal. ex] Arnold (Biatorina lenticularis v.) = Catillaria lenticularis geographica A.Massal. (Biatora) = Lecidea exigua geographica A.Massal. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora glabrata ? geographica A.Massal. (Porphyriospora orbicularis v.) = Staurothele orbicularis geographica Anzi (Arthopyrenia punctiformis v.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis geographica Arnold (Verrucaria murina f.) = Verrucaria murina geographica [Bagl. ex] Arnold (Verrucaria fusca f.) = Verrucaria caerulea geographica (L.) Ach. (Lecidea atrovirens v.) = Rhizocarpon geographicum geographica (L.) Rabenh. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon geographicum geographica (Nyl.) A.Massal. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora allophana geographica Servít (Verrucaria crassa f.) = Bagliettoa parmigera geographicus L. (Lichen) = Rhizocarpon geographicum geoica (Ach.) Körb. (Secoliga) = Gyalecta geoica geoicus [Wahlenb. ex] Ach. (Lichen) = Gyalecta geoica geoleuca (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica geoleuca Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia aromatica geomaea Taylor (Lecidea) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria geomelaena Anzi (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. ? geophana (Nyl.) Clem. (Pleolecis) = Steinia geophana geophana (Nyl.) Rehm (Biatorella) = Steinia geophana geophana (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Biatora) = Steinia geophana geophana Nyl. (Lecidea) = Steinia geophana geophila [Flörke ex] Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Buellia geophila geophila Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Buellia geophila geophila Wallr (Parmelia) = Diploschistes muscorum geophilum (Sommerf.) D.D.Awasthi & S.R.Singh (Diplotomma) = Buellia geophila geophilus (Sommerf.) Norman (Tetramelas) = Buellia geophila germanica (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Enterographa) = Enterographa hutchinsiae germanicum A.Massal. (Stigmatidium) = Enterographa hutchinsiae germanicum Glück (Coenogonium) = Cystocoleus ebeneus geronticum (Ach.) H.Magn. [comb.inval.] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon alpicola geronticum (Ach.) Räsänen (Rhizocarpon geographicum v.) = Rhizocarpon alpicola PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS gevrensis Th.Fr. (Buellia) = Buellia leptocline gibberosa Pollini [non Ach.] (Lecidea) = Caloplaca pollinii gibberulosa Ach. (Arthonia) = Melaspilea gibberulosa gibbosa (Ach.) A.Massal. (Mosigia) = Rimularia gibbosa gibbosa (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia gibbosa gibbosa Ach. (Pyrenula) = Rimularia gibbosa gibbosa Ach. (Urceolaria) = Aspicilia gibbosa gibbosa auct. [non (Ach.) Körb.] (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea gibbosa auct. p.p. [non (Ach.) Nyl.] (Lecanora) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea gibbosa Werner (Verrucaria dolomitica v.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri gibbosula H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia gibbosa gibbosula (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (Microglaena) = Protothelenella corrosa gibelliana Garov. (Verrucaria) = Porina linearis gigantea Egea & Llimona (Heppia) = Heppia despreauxii gilva (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca cerina gilvolutea (Nyl.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca cerina gilvolutea Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca cerina ginzbergeri (Zahlbr.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Porina oleriana v.) = Porina ginzbergeri ginzbergeri (Zahlbr.) Hafellner & Kalb (Pseudosagedia) = Porina ginzbergeri girardii Durieu & Mont. [in Durieu] (Collema) = Thyrea girardii giselae Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Pycnora sorophora gisleri [Anzi ex] Arnold (Biatora) = Lecanora gisleri gisleri (Anzi) Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Lecanora gisleri gisleri Frey (Physcia aipolia v.) = Physcia aipolia gisleri (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium gisleri (Müll.Arg) Zschacke glabella Arnold (Lecidea goniophila f.) = Lecidella patavina glabella Garov. (Sagedia thuretii v.) = Strigula glabra glabra (A.Massal.) J.Novak & Tobol. (Arthopyrenia) = Strigula glabra glabra (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Porina) = Strigula glabra glabra A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Strigula glabra glabra (Ach.) Schaer. (Gyrophora aenea v.) = Umbilicaria polyphylla glabra (Ach.) Stizenb. (Umbilicaria polyphylla f.) = Umbilicaria polyphylla glabra Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria polyphylla glabra Ach. (Peltidea canina v.) = Peltigera polydactyla glabra (Kremp.) Hellb. (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea glabra Kremp. (Lecidella) = Lecidella stigmatea glabrans (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Parmelia pulla ssp.) = Neofuscelia glabrans glabrans Nyl. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia glabrans glabra (Schaer.) Linds. (Parmelia olivacea v.) = Melanelia glabra glabra (Schaer.) Nyl. (Parmelia) = Melanelia glabra glabra (Schaer.) Arnold (Imbricaria) = Melanelia glabra glabra Schaer. (Parmelia olivacea v. corticola f.) = Melanelia glabra glabrata (Ach.) A.Massal. (Pyrenula) = Pyrenula laevigata glabrata (Ach.) Stein (Lecanora allophana v.) = Lecanora glabrata glabrata Ach. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora glabrata glabrata Ach. (Usnea plicata v.) = Usnea glabrata glabrata Ach. (Verrucaria) = Pyrenula laevigata glabrata Anzi (Pertusaria wulfenii v.) = Pertusaria pustulata glabrata Delise (Cladonia digitata v.) = Cladonia digitata glabratula Lamy (Parmelia fuliginosa v.) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula 104 glabratula (Lamy) Arnold (Imbricaria) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula glabratula (Lamy) Essl. (Melanelia) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula glabratula (Lamy) Nyl. (Parmelia) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula glabrella Motyka (Usnea glaucescens v.) = Usnea hirta glabrella (Motyka) Räsänen (Usnea) = Usnea glabrescens glabrescens Gyeln. (Peltigera subcanina v.) = Peltigera praetextata glabrescens [Nyl. ex] Vain. (Usnea barbata v.) = Usnea glabrescens glabrizans Flagey (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia loxodes glabrum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Strigula glabra glabrum A.Massal. (Coniocarpon gregarium v.) = Arthonia cinnabarina glacialis Anzi (Pannaria) = Pannaria hookeri glacialis (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Aspicilia) = Aspilidea myrinii glacialis Bagl. & Carestia (Acrocordia) = Acrocordia conoidea glacialis Lynge (Lecidea) = Miriquidica garovaglii glareosa Körb. (Gongylia) = Arthrorhaphis grisea glareosum Savicz (Stereocaulon tomentosum f.) = Stereocaulon glareosum glauca (Flörke) Leight. (Cladonia cenotea v.) = Cladonia glauca glauca H.Magn. (Rinodina exigua v.) = Rinodina oleae glauca (L.) Ach. (Cetraria) = Platismatia glauca glauca (L.) Hepp (Parmelia) = Platismatia glauca glauca Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea rigida glauca Ropin (Rinodina) = Rinodina septentrionalis glauca Trevis. (Leiophloea gemmata v.) = Acrocordia gemmata glaucella (Flörke) Nyl. (Lepraria) = Lepraria incana glaucella (Flot.) Körb. (Lecanora piniperda v.) = Lecanora albellula glaucella (Flot.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albellula glaucelloides Hepp (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria fuscella glaucescens Ach. (Arthonia punctiformis v.) = Arthonia punctiformis glaucescens Hoffm. (Collema) = Collema limosum glaucescens Nyl. (Lecanora confragosa f.) = Rinodina beccariana glaucescens Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon expallescens ssp.) = Rhizocarpon glaucescens (Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. glaucescens Vain. (Usnea) = Usnea hirta glaucina Ach. [non auct.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria caerulea glaucina [Rehm. ex] Arnold [nom.nud.] (Lecidella) = Adelolecia kolaensis glaucina sensu Zetterst. et auct. p.p [non Ach.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria fuscella glaucina (Zahlbr.) Sántha (Physcia orbicularis v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis glaucocarnea (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina baeomma v.) = Lecania baeomma (Nyl.) P.James & J.R.Laundon [in D.Hawksw. & al.] glaucocarnea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecania baeomma (Nyl.) P.James & J.R.Laundon [in D.Hawksw. & al.] glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körb. (Acarospora cervina v.) = Acarospora glaucocarpa glaucocarpa Ach. (Parmelia) = Acarospora glaucocarpa glaucocarpa Arnold (Lecidea petrosa v.) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana glaucolepidea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea (Nyl.) Gotth.Schneid. glaucoma (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. rupicola v. rupicola 105 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms glaucoma (Hoffm.) Körb. (Zeora sordida v.) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. rupicola v. rupicola glaucomaria (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Leciographa) = Opegrapha glaucomaria glaucomaria Nyl. (Lecidea) = Opegrapha glaucomaria glaucomela (Nyl.) Boistel (Toninia) = Toninia massata glaucomela (Nyl.) Jatta (Biatorina) = Toninia massata glaucomela Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia massata glaucomelum (Nyl.) Jatta (Thalloidima) = Toninia massata glauconephela Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria cyanea ? glauconigella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Epilichen glauconigellus (Nyl.) Hafellner/F glaucophaea (Körb.) Hertel (Huilia) = Porpidia glaucophaea glaucophaea Körb. (Lecidea) = Porpidia glaucophaea glaucophaeum (Körb.) V.Wirth (Haplocarpon) = Porpidia glaucophaea glaucopsis (Flörke) Szatala (Aspicilia contorta v.) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta ? glaucorufa (Mart.) Körb. (Lecanora intumescens v.) = Lecanora intumescens glaucospora (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Lecania holophaea v.) = Solenopsora vulturiensis glaucospora Nyl. (Lecanora holophaea v.) = Solenopsora vulturiensis glaucum (L.) Frege (Platysma) = Platismatia glauca glaucus L. (Lichen) = Platismatia glauca glebosa Ach. (Lecidea) = Toninia sedifolia glebosa (Flot.) Körb. (Acarospora) = Acarospora oligospora glebulentum [Nyl. ex] Cromb. (Leptogium) = Collema glebulentum glebulosa Arnold (Rinodina caesiella v.) = Rinodina tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre glebulosa (Arnold) Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodina tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre glebulosa Clemente (Lecidea) = Arthonia glaucomaria glebulosa Fr. (Biatora) = Trapeliopsis wallrothii glebulosa (Gray) Arnold (Biatora coarctata v.) = Trapelia involuta glebulosa (Gray) Cromb. (Lecidea coarctata v.) = Trapelia involuta glebulosa (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina confragosa v.) = Rinodina calcarea glebulosa Harm. (Lecanora confragosa v.) = Rinodina calcarea globifera Ach. (Lecidea) = Psora globifera globiferus L. (Lichen) = Sphaerophorus globosus globosa (Taylor) A.L.Sm. (Porina) = Porina ahlesiana globosus Huds. (Lichen) = Sphaerophorus globosus globulans Suza (Parmelia molliuscula v.) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis globularis (Nyl.) Hedl. (Micarea) = Micarea misella globularis (Nyl.) Lamy (Lecidea) = Micarea misella globulifera (Turner) A.Massal. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria albescens globulificans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Protoblastenia) = Protoblastenia cyclospora globulosa A.Massal. [nom.nud.] (Psorotichia) = Porocyphus rehmicus globulosa Flörke (Lecidea) = Bacidia globulosa globulosa (Flörke) Hafellner & V.Wirth (Bacidia) = Bacidia globulosa globulosa (Flörke) Körb. (Biatorina) = Bacidia globulosa globulosa (Flörke) Th.Fr. (Catillaria) = Bacidia globulosa globulosa (Flörke) Van den Boom & Sérus. [non Savicz] (Lecania) = Bacidia globulosa globulosella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Micarea globulosella globulosella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea globulosella globulosiformis (Hepp) Arnold (Arthonia) = Arthonia mediella globulosus Coud. (Porocyphus) = Porocyphus rehmicus gloeocapsa ([Nitschke ex] Arnold) Zahlbr. (Gyalecta) = Bryophagus gloeocapsa glomelliferae (Harm.) H.Olivier (Buellia) = Buellia badia glomellifera (Nyl.) Arnold (Imbricaria) = Neofuscelia verruculifera glomellifera (Nyl.) Maas Geest. (Parmelia isidiotyla v.) = Neofuscelia verruculifera glomellifera (Nyl.) Nyl. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia verruculifera glomerans (Nyl.) Boistel (Toninia) = Psorinia conglomerata glomerans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Psorinia conglomerata glomerata [Schleich. ex] Ach. (Porina) = Pertusaria glomerata glomerella (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatorina) = Micarea elachista glomerella (Nyl.) Hedl. (Micarea) = Micarea elachista glomerella (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Catillaria) = Micarea elachista glomerulans Poelt (Lecanora) = Aspicilia glomerulans glomerulifera (A.Massal.) Garov. (Leightonia pusilla v.) = Endocarpon pusillum glomeruliferum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Endocarpon) = Endocarpon pusillum glomeruliferum A.Massal. (Dermatocarpon) = Endocarpon pusillum glomerulosa (DC.) M.Choisy (Lecidella) = Lecidella elaeochroma glomerulosa (DC.) Steud. (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma glomulifera (Lightf.) De Not. (Ricasolia) = Lobaria amplissima glomulifera (Lightf.) Delise (Sticta) = Lobaria amplissima glomulifera (Lightf.) Wallr. (Parmelia) = Lobaria amplissima glomuliferus Lightf. (Lichen) = Lobaria amplissima gloriae Llimona & Werner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca gomerana J.Steiner gneissacea Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea swartzioidea gneissicola Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea syncarpa Zahlbr. goemoerensis Gyeln. (Alectoria nigricans f.) = Alectoria nigricans gomphillacea (Nyl.) Vĕzda (Micarea) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria gomphillacea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria gonatodes (Ach.) Ach. (Lecanora tartarea v.) = Ochrolechia frigida gonatodes (Ach.) Räsänen (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia frigida gonecha (Ach.) Arnold (Cladonia deformis v.) = Cladonia sulphurina gonecha (Ach.) Asahina (Cladonia) = Cladonia sulphurina gonecha Ach. (Cenomyce deformis v.) = Cladonia sulphurina goniophila auct. (Lecidella) = Lecidella anomaloides goniophila auct. [non Flörke] (Lecidea) = Lecidella anomaloides goniophiloides de Lesd. (Lecidea) = Lecidella granulosula gorganensis Motyka (Usnea similis ssp.) = Usnea subfloridana gorgonea Vĕzda & Poelt (Bacidia) = Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola gorzegnoensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. gothica (Th.Fr.) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia gothica Th.Fr. gothoburgensis H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea gothoburgensis (H.Magn.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda gotlandica (Du Rietz) Gyeln. (Durietzia) = Hymenelia rhodopis (Sommerf.) Lutzoni gotlandica Du Rietz (Heppia) = Hymenelia rhodopis (Sommerf.) Lutzoni gotthardiana Gyeln. (Peltigera rufescens v.) = Peltigera rufescens PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS göttweigensis Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia göttweigensis (Zahlbr.) Hue gracilenta (Ach.) Ach. (Coniocybe) = Chaenotheca gracilenta gracilenta (Ach.) Flörke (Cladonia bellidiflora f.) = Cladonia bellidiflora gracilenta Ach. (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina farinacea gracilentum Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca gracilenta gracilescens auct.eur.septentr. p.p. (Cladonia) = Cladonia stricta v. uliginosa Ahti gracilescens (Rabenh.) Vain. (Cladonia crispata v.) = Cladonia crispata gracilior (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux [comb.inval.] (Cladonia anomaea v.) = Cladonia ramulosa gracilis L. (Lichen) = Cladonia gracilis ssp. gracilis gracillima Vain. (Coniocybe) = Chaenotheca gracillima (Vain.) Tibell graeca Servít (Verrucaria cazzae v.) = Bagliettoa cazzae graecus (J.Steiner) J.Steiner (Diploschistes scruposus v.) = Diploschistes scruposus graecus J.Steiner (Diploschistes violarius f.) = Diploschistes scruposus granatensis Samp. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nodulosa v. reagens ? granatina (Sommerf.) Nyl. (Pyrenopsis) = Euopsis granatina (Sommerf.) Nyl. grande ([Flörke ex] Flot.) Arnold (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeum grande H.Magn. (Stereocaulon paschale v.) = Stereocaulon grande (H.Magn.) H.Magn. grandis H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia badia grandis (Körb.) Hafellner & Kalb (Pseudosagedia) = Porina grandis (Körb.) Zahlbr. grandis (Körb.) Swinscow (Porina guentheri v.) = Porina grandis (Körb.) Zahlbr. grandiuscula Anzi (Microthelia) = Peridothelia grandiuscula (Anzi) D.Hawksw./F graniforme (K.G.Hagen) Coppins (Cliostomum) = Cliostomum corrugatum graniformis (K.G.Hagen) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Cliostomum corrugatum graniformis (K.G.Hagen) Vain. (Catillaria) = Cliostomum corrugatum granitica (Samp.) Zahlbr. (Thyrea) = Lichinella cribellifera granitica Samp. (Omphalaria) = Lichinella cribellifera granitophila Th.Fr. (Arthonia) = Melaspilea granitophila (Th.Fr.) Coppins granosum auct. p.p. [non DC.] (Collema) = Collema auriforme granosus Scop. [nom.illegit.] (Lichen) = Collema auriforme granulans sensu H.Magn. (Bacidia) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria granulans (Vain.) Timdal (Micarea) = Micarea submilliaria granulans Vain. (Chaenotheca chlorella v. hispidula f.) = Chaenotheca subroscida (Eitner) Zahlbr. granulata de Lesd. [nom.inval.] (Lecania erysibe v.) = Lecania inundata granulata (Schaer.) Lindau (Caloplaca) = Candelariella medians granulata (Schaer.) Vain. (Lecanora) = Candelariella medians granulata (Schaer.) Zahlbr. (Candelariella) = Candelariella medians granulata Schaer. (Parmelia parietina v.) = Candelariella medians granulata Werner (Heppia) = Peltula obscuratula (Nyl.) [Poelt ex] Egea granulifera (J.Steiner) Szatala (Aspicilia cheresina v.) = Aspicilia cheresina ? 106 granuliferum Nyl. (Collema) = Collema cristatum granuliforme (Nyl.) Henssen [in Henssen & Büdel] (Pyrenopsidium) = Cryptothele granuliformis (Nyl.) Henssen [in Henssen & Büdel] granulosa Arnold (Pyrenodesmia aghardiana v.) = Caloplaca variabilis granulosa (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Caloplaca variabilis v.) = Caloplaca variabilis granulosa (Arnold) Szatala (Lecidea micacea v.) = Lecidella stigmatea ? granulosa (Harm.) Mereschk. (Candelaria concolor v.) = Candelaria concolor granulosa (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis granulosa granulosa (Hoffm.) Flot. (Biatora) = Trapeliopsis granulosa granulosa (Hoffm.) V.Wirth (Trapelia) = Trapeliopsis granulosa granulosa Hoffm. (Verrucaria) = Trapeliopsis granulosa granulosa Lynge [nom.illegit.] (Parmelia) = Melanelia disjuncta granulosa (Lynge) Essl. (Melanelia) = Melanelia disjuncta granulosaria Clauzade & Zehetl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria latericola granulosa Schaer. (Parmelia elegans v.) = Xanthoria sorediata granulosula Nyl. [in Cromb.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella granulosula granulosula Oksner (Parmelia) = Melanelia disjuncta granulosum Degel. (Collema callopismum f.) = Collema callopismum granulosum Degel. (Collema undulatum v.) = Collema undulatum ? granulosum (Müll.Arg.) Hepp (Placodium) = Caloplaca granulosa granulosum Müll.Arg. (Amphiloma) = Caloplaca granulosa granulosum Schade (Rhizocarpon obscuratum f.) = Rhizocarpon furfurosum granulosum Schaer. (Collema) = Collema crispum granulosus (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes scruposus f.) = Diploschistes scruposus granvinensis Vain. [nom.nud.] (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia ochrococca graphidioides (Leight.) Almb. (Enterographa) = Schismatomma graphidioides graphidioides Leight. (Chiodecton) = Schismatomma graphidioides grappae (Beltr.) Garov. (Endocarpon) = Placidiopsis cinerascens grappae (Beltr.) Jatta (Catapyrenium) = Placidiopsis cinerascens grappae Beltr. (Placidiopsis) = Placidiopsis cinerascens grappae Sambo (Ramalina) = Ramalina polymorpha grayana Hue (Parmelia) = Parmotrema grayanum (Hue) Hale grayi (Sandst.) V.Wirth (Cladonia pyxidata ssp.) = Cladonia grayi gregalis Arnold (Lecidea) = Lecidea promiscua gregaria A.Massal. (Lecanora rimosa v.) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. rupicola v. rupicola gregaria (Weigel) Körb. [non Fée] (Arthonia) = Arthonia cinnabarina gresinonis (de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Psora gresinonis grevilleana de Lesd. (Crocynia) = Lepraria lesdainii griffithii (Sm.) A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Cliostomum griffithii griffithii (Sm.) Malme (Catillaria) = Cliostomum griffithii griffithii Sm. (Lichen) = Cliostomum griffithii grimmiae Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca grimmiae grimseleana A.Massal. (Lecanora) = Rimularia gibbosa grisea Anders (Parmelia glomellifera v.) = Neofuscelia verruculifera 107 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms grisea (Arnold) Lettau [non Ach.] (Lecanora) = Aspicilia grisea grisea Bagl. (Ricasolia cesatii v.) = Solenopsora cesatii v. grisea grisea Erichsen (Pertusaria jurana v.) = Ochrolechia microstictoides grisea Gyeln. (Parmeliella saubinetii f.) = Fuscopannaria saubinetii grisea (Hoffm.) Turner & Borrer (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria grisea grisea Körb. (Opegrapha lithyrga v.) = Opegrapha vulgata grisea (Lam.) Spreng. (Parmelia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia grisea ssp. grisea grisea (Lam.) Zahlbr. (Physcia) = Physconia grisea ssp. grisea grisea (Schaer.) Anzi (Sagedia) = Arthopyrenia grisea grisea [Schleich. ex] Schaer. (Verrucaria epidermidis v.) = Arthopyrenia grisea grisea Willd., Römer & Usteri (Verrucaria) = Toninia sedifolia grisella [Flörke ex] Schaer. (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuscoatra grisella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Microglaena) = Thelenella modesta grisella Nyl. (Verrucaria modesta v.) = Thelenella modesta grisella (P.Karst.) M.M.Moser (Omphalina) = Omphalina velutina grisella P.Karst. (Omphalia) = Omphalina velutina grisella (Schaer.) Müll.Arg. (Lecidea fumosa v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra grisella (Schaer.) Nyl. (Lecidea fuscoatra v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra griseoalba Anzi (Arthonia) = Arthonia punctiformis ? griseoatra auct. [non (Flot.) Schaer.] (Lecidea) = Schaereria fuscocinerea griseoatra (Flot.) Schaer. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica griseoatra griseoatra (Flot.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea leucophaea v.) = Miriquidica griseoatra griseoatra (Flot.) V.Wirth (Miriquidica leucophaea v.) = Miriquidica griseoatra griseoatra Flot. (Lecidea panaeola v.) = Miriquidica griseoatra griseoatra (Kremp.) Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria fuscella griseocinerascens (Vain.) Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aethiobola griseofusca (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata griseofusca Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina oxydata griseoides Nádv. (Physcia leucoleiptes v.) = Physconia enteroxantha griseola Ach. (Coniocybe) = Chaenotheca brachypoda griseolans Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia grisea griseola Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia recedens griseonigra (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata griseonigra Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rinodina oxydata griseonigricans Vain. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica plumbeoatra (Vain.) A.J.Schwab & Rambold griseorubens Mig. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria viridula griseovirens [Turner & Borrer ex] Sm. (Variolaria) = Buellia griseovirens griseus Lam. (Lichen) = Physconia grisea ssp. grisea grossa (Nyl.) Körb. (Catillaria) = Megalaria grossa grossa (Nyl.) Vain. (Catinaria) = Megalaria grossa grossa [Pers. ex] Nyl. (Lecidea) = Megalaria grossa grummannii Servít (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa limborioides grummannii (Servít) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa limborioides grumosa (Leight.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Agyrium rufum/F grumosa Leight. (Lecidea) = Agyrium rufum/F grumosa (Pers.) Ach. (Lecanora atra v.) = Tephromela grumosa grumosa (Pers.) Du Rietz (Lecanora) = Tephromela grumosa grumosus Pers. (Lichen) = Tephromela grumosa grumulosa A.Massal. (Lecidea contigua v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra grumulosa (Dufour) Fr. (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa grumulosa grumulosa (Schaer.) Hue (Acarospora) = Acarospora scabra ? guaranitica Malme (Porina) = Porina atlantica (Erichsen) M.Jørg. guentheri (Flot.) Hafellner & Kalb (Pseudosagedia) = Porina guentheri guentheri (Flot.) R.C.Harris (Trichothelium) = Porina guentheri guentheri (Flot.) Trevis. (Spermatodium körberi v.) = Porina guentheri guentheri Flot. (Verrucaria) = Porina guentheri guepinii (Delise) Gyeln. (Peltula) = Peltula euploca guepinii (Delise) Nyl. (Heppia) = Peltula euploca guepinii ("queppinii") Delise (Endocarpon) = Peltula euploca guestphalica [J.Lahm ex] Körb. (Polyblastia) = Staurothele guestphalica guestphalica (Körb.) Servít (Porphyriospora) = Staurothele guestphalica güttingeri Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Carbonea vorticosa guttulata Servít & Nádv. (Rinodina bischoffii f.) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii gyalectoidea [M.Knowles ex] A.L.Sm. (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema halodytes gyalectoides (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Secoliga) = Gyalecta hypoleuca gyalectoides (A.Massal.) Lindau (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta hypoleuca gyalectoides (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Volvaria) = Gyalecta hypoleuca gyalectoides A.Massal. (Thelotrema) = Gyalecta hypoleuca gyalectoides A.Massal. sensu Jatta (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca irrubescens gyalolechioides (Müll.Arg.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca biatorina ssp.) = Caloplaca gyalolechioides gyalolechioides Müll.Arg. (Amphiloma murorum v.) = Caloplaca gyalolechioides gyelnikii Servít (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa parmigera gypsacea Ach. (Urceolaria) = Diploschistes gypsaceus gypsacea (Sm.) Müll.Arg. (Lecanora) = Squamarina gypsacea gypsacea (Sm.) Nyl. (Squamaria) = Squamarina gypsacea gypsacea (Sm.) Schaer. (Lecanora crassa v.) = Squamarina gypsacea gypsaceum (Sm.) A.Massal. (Psoroma) = Squamarina gypsacea gypsaceum (Sm.) Trevis. (Placodium) = Squamarina gypsacea gypsaceus auct. p.p. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes diacapsis gypsaceus Sm. (Lichen) = Squamarina gypsacea gypsicola Llimona (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuscoatra ? gyrizans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rimularia gyrizans (Nyl.) Hertel & Rambold gyrocarpa (Flot.) Stizenb. (Opegrapha saxicola v.) = Opegrapha gyrocarpa gyrocheila Nyl. (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia tartarea gyrodes Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia gyrodes (Nyl.) Hue gyrophorica Tønsberg (Lecidea) = Biatora chrysantha gyrophorica (Tønsberg) Coppins (Biatora) = Biatora chrysantha gyrosa (Ach.) A.Massal. (Naevia) = Arthonia reniformis gyrosa Ach. (Arthonia) = Arthonia reniformis gyrosum (Oeder) Ach. (Collema melaenum v.) = Collema cristatum haemalea (Sommerf.) A.Massal. (Pannaria) = Euopsis pulvinata haemalea (Sommerf.) Norrl. (Pyrenopsis) = Euopsis pulvinata haemalea (Sommerf.) Trevis. (Blennothallia) = Euopsis pulvinata PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS haematina (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia haematina (Körb.) Lutzoni haematites [Chaub. ex] St.-Amans (Lecanora) = Caloplaca haematites haematites (St.-Amans) A.L.Sm. (Placodium) = Caloplaca haematites haematites (St.-Amans) A.Massal. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca haematites haematomma Ach. p.p. (Lecanora) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. ochroleucum haematomma Ach. p.p. (Lecanora) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. porphyrium haematopsis (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. [nom.illegit.] (Pyrenopsis) = Pyrenopsis haematina M.Jørg. & Henssen haerjedalica H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia haerjedalica (H.Magn.) haeyrenii Erichsen (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura haeyrenii H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia haeyrenii (H.Magn.) Creveld haeyrenii Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geographicum hagenii (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Lecanora hagenii hagenii (Ach.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Lecanora hagenii hagenii (Ach.) Trevis. (Patellaria umbrina v.) = Lecanora hagenii hagenii Ach. (Lichen) = Lecanora hagenii halacsyi (J.Steiner) J.Steiner (Nesolechia) = Carbonea halacsyi halacsyi J.Steiner (Lecidea) = Carbonea halacsyi halepensis Bagl. (Arthonia galactites v.) = Arthonia caesiella halodytes (Nyl.) Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema halodytes halodytes (Nyl.) Erichsen (Thelidium) = Pyrenocollema halodytes halodytes (Nyl.) Keissl. (Paraphysothele) = Pyrenocollema halodytes halodytes (Nyl.) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Pyrenocollema halodytes halodytes Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Pyrenocollema halodytes halogenia (Th.Fr.) Nyl. [in Brenner] (Lecanora) = Lecanora actophila Wedd. halophila (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora smaragdula v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula halophyla H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula hammoniense Erichsen (Thelidium) = Staurothele rugulosa handelii J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca paulsenii (Vain.) Zahlbr. hapalea (Ach.) Nyl. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra hapalea Ach. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha atra hapaleoides Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha vermicellifera hapalotera (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Usnea rigida v.) = Usnea rigida hapalotera (Harm.) Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea rigida hardangeriana Vain. (Lecidea auriculata v.) = Adelolecia pilati harmandiana Grummann (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria striatula Wahlenb. [in Ach.] harmandii Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea rigida harmandii Samp. (Collema) = Collema coccophorum harrimannii A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Porina linearis harrimannii sensu Anzi (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa parmigerella harrisii Hafellner & Kalb (Pyrenula) = Pyrenula occidentalis hassei Herre (Acarospora) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. lesdainii havaasii H.Magn. (Toninia) = Toninia squalida havaasii Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geographicum haynaldii Gyeln. (Alectoria) = = Bryoria subcana (Stizenb.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. 108 hazslinskyi (Körb.) Blomb. & Forssell (Staurothele) = Staurothele fissa hazslinszkyi Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera didactyla hebraica (Hoffm.) Ach. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta hedinii H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Anamylopsora pulcherrima (Vain.) Timdal heerii Hepp (Lecidea) = Scutula miliaris (Wallr.) Trevis./F hegetschweileri auct. [non (Hepp) Vain.] (Bacidia) = Bacidia vermifera hegetschweileri auct. [non Hepp] (Biatora atrosanguinea f.) = Bacidia vermifera hegetschweileri Hepp (Biatora atrosanguinea v.) = Bacidia subincompta hegetschweileri Hepp [nom.nud.] (Lecidea) = Bacidia subincompta hegetschweileri (Hepp) Vain. [non auct.] (Bacidia) = Bacidia subincompta heidelbergensis (Nyl.) P.James (Candelariella aurella f.) = Candelariella aurella f. smaragdula heidelbergensis (Nyl.) Poelt (Candelariella) = Candelariella aurella heidelbergensis Nyl. (Lecanora) = Candelariella aurella helenae (de Lesd.) De Priest & Hale (Punctelia) = Punctelia subrudecta helenae de Lesd. (Parmelia) = Punctelia subrudecta helicopsis (Wahlenb.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecania) = Lecanora helicopsis heliophila Llimona (Buellia) = Buellia almeriensis Llimona [in Vĕzda] hellbomiana Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia sp. hellbomii H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora peliscypha hellbomii (J.Lahm.) Leight. (Lecidea sylvicola v.) = Micarea sylvicola hellbomii J.Lahm (Lecidea) = Micarea sylvicola helsingsforsiensis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea praenubila helvelloidea (Ach.) Schaer. (Omphalaria) = Thyrea girardii helvelloidea sensu A.Massal. (Omphalaria) = Anema nummularium ? helvetica Gyeln. (Peltigera lepidophora f.) = Peltigera lepidophora helvetica H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora veronensis helvetica Motyka (Usnea hirta ssp.) = Usnea hirta helvetica (Th.Fr.) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia helvetica helveticorum (Zehetl.) Frey (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria helveticorum Zehetl. helveticum (de Lesd) Frey [non Verrucaria helvetica de Lesd.] (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria helveticorum helveticum de Lesd. (Endopyrenium) = Verrucaria helveticorum helveticum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon riparium v.) = Rhizocarpon macrosporum helvola (Hellb.) Hedl. (Lecidea) = Biatora helvola helvola (Hellb.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea vernalis ssp.) = Biatora helvola helvum A.Massal. (Nephroma resupinatum f.) = Nephroma resupinatum helygaeoides (Vain.) Arnold (Pyrenodesmia) = Caloplaca diphyodes helygaeoides (Vain.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca diphyodes helygaeoides (Vain.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca diphyodes v.) = Caloplaca diphyodes helygeoides (Vain.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca diphyodes helygeoides (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Blastenia diphyodes v.) = Caloplaca diphyodes helygeoides Vain. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca diphyodes 109 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms hemileucum Vain. (Strongyleuma exertum ssp.) = Chaenothecopsis hospitans hemiphaeum [Nyl. ex] Cromb. (Calicium trachelinum f.) = Calicium salicinum hemiplodum [Nyl. ex] Leight. (Calicium trachelinum v.) = Calicium salicinum hemipolia Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidia hemipolia (Nyl.) Malme hemipoliella (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (Catillaria) = Micarea denigrata hemipoliella (Nyl.) Vĕzda (Micarea) = Micarea denigrata hemipoliella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea denigrata hemipolioides (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Micarea peliocarpa hemipolioides (Nyl.) Guillaumot (Toninia) = Micarea peliocarpa hemipolioides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Micarea peliocarpa hemipolioides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea peliocarpa hemisphaerica (Anzi) Vain. (Biatorella fossarum f.) = Biatorella hemisphaerica hemisphaerica Flörke (Variolaria) = Pertusaria hemisphaerica hemisphaerica J.R.Laundon (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa grumulosa henrica [Larbal. ex] Nyl. (Lecidea) = Herteliana taylorii (Salwey) P.James henrica (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Herteliana taylorii (Salwey) P.James henrici de Lesd. (Candelariella) = Candelariella vitellina ? henrici de Lesd. (Crocynia) = Lepraria cacuminum henrici de Lesd. (Sarcogyne) = Sarcogyne regularis henrici Harm. [non sensu Erichsen] (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia turneri henrici sensu Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria albescens henrici Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Melanolecia transitoria henscheliana (Körb.) Lönnr. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia cruenta henscheliana Körb. (Sphaeromphale) = Polyblastia cruenta henschelianum (Körb.) Körb. (Sporodyction) = Polyblastia cruenta hepaticarum Patouillard (Stigmatea) = Anisomeridium polypori hepaticarum (Patouillard) Petrak (Mycosphaerella) = Anisomeridium polypori hepaticum (Ach.) Th.Fr. [non auct.] (Dermatocarpon) = Catapyrenium cinereum hepaticum Ach. [non auct.] (Endocarpon) = Catapyrenium cinereum hepaticum auct. p.p. (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium squamulosum hepatizon (Ach.) Kurok. (Tuckermannopsis) = Melanelia hepatizon hepatizon (Ach.) Vain. (Cetraria) = Melanelia hepatizon hepatizon (Ach.) Vain. (Platysma) = Melanelia hepatizon hepatizon Ach. (Lichen) = Melanelia hepatizon heppiana (Müll.Arg.) Arnold (Physcia) = Caloplaca flavescens heppiana (Müll.Arg.) Hue (Lecanora) = Caloplaca flavescens heppiana (Müll.Arg.) Verseghy (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca flavescens heppiana (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca flavescens heppianum (Müll.Arg.) Flagey (Placodium) = Caloplaca flavescens heppianum Müll.Arg. (Amphiloma) = Caloplaca flavescens heppii (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Sporoblastia) = Catillaria lenticularis heppii A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Catillaria lenticularis heppii (Körb.) Anzi (Sagedia) = Arthopyrenia pluriseptata heppii (Körb.) Garov. (Verrucaria) = Arthopyrenia pluriseptata heppii (Müll.Arg.) Henssen (Gonohymenia) = Lichinella heppii heppii (Müll.Arg.) Lettau (Thyrea) = Lichinella heppii heppii Müll.Arg. (Omphalaria) = Lichinella heppii heppii Nägeli [in Hepp] (Myriospora) = Acarospora heppii heppii R.A.Anderson & W.A.Weber [nom.nov.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella wulfenii heppii R.A.Anderson (Lecidella) = Lecidella wulfenii herbacea (Huds.) DC. (Lobaria) = Lobaria virens herbacea (Huds.) De Not. (Ricasolia) = Lobaria virens herbacea (Huds.) Delise (Sticta) = Lobaria virens herbaceus Huds. (Lichen) = Lobaria virens herbarum (Mont.) Källsten [comb.inval.] (Opegrapha varia v.) = Opegrapha culmigena herbarum Mont. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha culmigena herbarum (Stizenb.) Rehm (Mycobilimbia) = Bacidia herbarum herbarum Stizenb. (Secoliga) = Bacidia herbarum herbidella Hue (Lecidea caesiorufa f.) = Caloplaca herbidella herbidula (Nyl.) Hulting (Catillaria) = Lecania cuprea ? hercegensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. hercegovinica Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Toninia tumidula herculina Rehm [in Lojka] (Segestrella) = Belonia herculina (Rehm) Keissl. hercynica Poelt & Ullrich (Lecanora) = Lecanora subaurea hercynicum Frey (Stereocaulon tomentosum v.) = Stereocaulon tomentosum herinii (P.A.Duvign.) Maas Gest. (Evernia prunastri v.) = Evernia prunastri herinii P.A.Duvign. (Evernia) = Evernia prunastri herminica Samp. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca congrediens herminica Tav. (Parmelia omphalodes v.) = Parmelia omphalodes herpes Norman (Sarcogyne urceolata v.) = Polysporina urceolata herpetica (Ach.) Ach. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rufescens herreana Zahlbr. (Parmelia) = Flavoparmelia caperata herteri J.Lahm (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon citrum heterobaphia Anzi (Biatorina) = Lecania cyrtella heterobaphia (Anzi) Lettau (Catillaria) = Lecania cyrtella heterocarpa Opiz (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta heterochroa Müll.Arg. (Pertusaria pustulata v.) = Pertusaria heterochroa heteroclyta Mereschk. (Parmelia conspersa f.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa heteromorpha Ach. (Lecanora rubina v.) = Rhizoplaca peltata heteromorpha H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lithophila heteromorpha (Kremp.) Arnold (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia heteromorpha heteromorpha Kremp. (Aspicilia cinereorufescens v.) = Hymenelia heteromorpha heterophora (Nyl.) Arnold (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica heterophora Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia aromatica heteropsis Müll.Arg. (Buellia) = Buellia sequax heterospora (Fink) R.C.Harris (Porina) = Porina atlantica (Erichsen) M.Jørg. heterospora Zahlbr. (Clathroporina) = Topelia heterospora heterosporum Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Strigula glabra heuffleriana Müll.Arg. (Rinodina) = Rinodina pruinella heufleriana Müll.Arg. (Rinodina) = Rinodina pruinella hexamera De Not. (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum hiascens A.Massal. (Hymenelia) = Hymenelia coerulea hiascens (Ach.) Hepp [non auct.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria calciseda hiascens auct. [non (Ach.) Hepp] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria hochstetteri hiascens (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Cetraria) = Cetrariella delisei (Schaer.) Kärnefelt & Thell hibernica Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria hemisphaerica hibernica Nyl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia excipienda PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS hibernica (P.James & Swinscow) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Zamenhofia) = Porina hibernica hibernica P.James & Poelt (Fuscidea) = Ropalospora hibernica (P.James & Poelt) S.Ekman hibernica Servít [non Zschacke] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria hydrela hibernicum [Nyl. ex] Leight. (Nephromium lusitanicum v.) = Nephroma laevigatum hiemalis Barrasa & Esteve-Rav. (Omphalina) = Omphalina meridionalis hilare [Dufour ex] Th.Fr. (Placodium chlorophanum v.) = Acarospora hilaris hilarior (Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia cholorococca v.) = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum hilaris [Dufour ex] Th.Fr. (Parmelia) = Acarospora hilaris hildenbrandii Garov. (Collema) = Leptogium hildenbrandii hilitzeriana Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. hillmannii (Lynge) Nádv. (Physcia grisea v.) = Physconia grisea ssp. grisea hippocastani (DC.) Coppins (Mycoporum) = Cyrtidula hippocastani (DC.) R.C.Harris/F hirsuta Mereschk. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia hirsuta hirsuta (Westr.) Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria hirsuta hirsuta (Westr.) Rabenh. (Gyrophora vellea v.) = Umbilicaria hirsuta hirsutula Stirt. (Usnea hirta f.) = Usnea subfloridana hirsutus [Sw. ex] Westr. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria hirsuta hirta (L.) Ach. (Usnea florida v.) = Usnea hirta hirta (L.) Fr. (Usnea barbata v.) = Usnea hirta hirta (L.) Fr. (Usnea barbata v.) = Usnea hirta hirtella (Arnold) Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea filipendula ? hirtus L. (Lichen) = Usnea hirta hispanica Frey (Umbilicaria brigantium v.) = Lasallia hispanica hispanica (Frey) A.Crespo & Sancho (Lasallia brigantium v.) = Lasallia hispanica hispanica H.Magn. (Pyxine) = Anaptychia ulotrichoides (Vain.) Vain. hispanicum (Samp.) Zahlbr. (Lempholemma) = Staurolemma omphalarioides hispanicum Samp. (Physma) = Staurolemma omphalarioides hispida auct. p.p. (Physcia) = Physcia adscendens hispida auct. p.p. (Physcia) = Physcia leptalea hispida auct. p.p. (Physcia) = Physcia tenella hispida (Cromb.) A.L.Sm. (Cetraria aculeata f.) = Cetraria muricata hispida (Cromb.) Keissl. (Cornicularia tenuissima v.) = Cetraria muricata hispida (Mereschk.) Hale & W.L.Culb. (Agrestia) = Aspicilia hispida hispida (Mereschk.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia hispida hispidula (Ach.) Frey (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia hispidula hispidula (Ach.) Nyl. (Ephebeia) = Ephebe hispidula (Ach.) Horw. hispidula Ach. (Parmelia) = Phaeophyscia hispidula hispidulum (Ach.) Trevis. (Phacotium) = Chaenotheca hispidula hispidulum Ach. (Calicium trachelinum v.) = Chaenotheca hispidula hispidum (Cromb.) D.Hawksw. (Coelocaulon aculeatum ssp.) = Cetraria muricata histeriiformis Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha cesareensis hochstetteri (Fr.) A.Massal. (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria hochstetteri hochstetteri (Körb.) Mong. (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri 110 hochstetteri Körb. (Catillaria) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri hoehneliana Jaap (Calonectria) = Porina hoehneliana hoelii Lynge (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida hoffmannii (Ach.) Müll.Arg. [non auct.] (Lecanora) = Aspicilia contorta hoffmannii (Ach.) Sommerf. [non auct.] (Lecanora calcarea v.) = Aspicilia contorta hoffmannii auct. [non (Ach.) Flagey] (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia contorta ssp. hoffmanniana hoggariana H.Mayrhofer & Poelt (Rinodina) = Rinodina pycnocarpa H.Magn. holocarpa (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca holocarpa holocarpa (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca pyracea v.) = Caloplaca holocarpa holocarpa auct. p.p. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca pyracea holocarpum (Ach.) A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca holocarpa holocarpum (Ach.) Anzi (Placodium aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca holocarpa holocarpum (Ach.) Anzi (Placodium pyraceum v.) = Caloplaca holocarpa holocarpus [Hoffm. ex] Ach. (Lichen) = Caloplaca holocarpa holomelaena (Ach.) Anzi (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum holomelaenum (Flörke) A.Massal. (Scoliciosporum) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum holomicra (Anzi) Jatta (Lecidea) = Biatora holomicra holophaea (Mont.) A.L.Sm. (Lecania) = Solenopsora holophaea holophaea (Mont.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Solenopsora holophaea holophaea Mont. [in Webb & Berthel.] (Parmelia) = Solenopsora holophaea holophaeum (Mont.) Arnold (Thalloidima) = Solenopsora holophaea holtedalii Lynge (Catillaria) = Toninia philippea homalodes Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea tessellata homalomorpha (Nyl.) Hue (Aspicilia) = Eiglera homalomorpha homalomorpha (Nyl.) Poelt & Vĕzda (Hymenelia) = Eiglera homalomorpha homalomorpha Nyl. (Lecanora) = Eiglera homalomorpha homalotropa (Nyl.) Gilenstam (Lecanactis) = Bactrospora homalotropa (Nyl.) Egea & Torrente homalotropa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bactrospora homalotropa (Nyl.) Egea & Torrente homalotropum (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Conotrema) = Bactrospora homalotropa (Nyl.) Egea & Torrente homoclinella (Nyl.) Arnold (Karschia) = Dactylospora homoclinella (Nyl.) Hafellner/F homoclinella (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Buellia) = Dactylospora homoclinella (Nyl.) Hafellner/F homoclinella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Dactylospora homoclinella (Nyl.) Hafellner/F homoeopsis Nyl. (Pyrenopsis) = Pyrenopsis furfurea (Nyl.) Leight. hookeri [Borrer ex] Sm. (Lichen) = Pannaria hookeri hookeri Borrer (Verrucaria) = Dacampia hookeri hookeri (Borrer) Keissl. (Pleospora) = Dacampia hookeri hookeri (Tuck.) Nyl. (Cladonia bellidiflora v.) = Cladonia bellidiflora horaria Norman (Arthonia) = Arthonia tenellula horistica (Leight.) Stein (Opegrapha) = Enterographa zonata horiza Ach. (Lecanora subfusca f.) = Lecanora horiza horiza sensu Hepp (Psora) = Rinodina albana horizontalis (Huds.) Ach. (Peltidea) = Peltigera horizontalis horizontalis Huds. (Lichen) = Peltigera horizontalis 111 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms horizontalis (Leight.) Mudd (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta hornii Lynge (Lecidea) = Farnoldia micropsis horrescens Nyl. (Cetraria aculeata f.) = Cetraria aculeata horrescens Taylor [in J.Mackay] (Parmelia) = Parmelinopsis horrescens horrescens (Taylor) Hale (Parmelina) = Parmelinopsis horrescens horrescens (Taylor) Krog & Swinscow (Hypotrachyna) = Parmelinopsis horrescens hospitans (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora impressula v.) = Acarospora hospitans hospitans Th.Fr. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis hospitans hospitum Arnold (Thelidium) = Thelidium minutulum hudsonianus H.S.Jenn. (Hygrophorus) = Omphalina hudsoniana hueana de Lesd. (Crocynia) = Lecanactis latebrarum hueana (Harm.) H.Olivier (Physcia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis hueana (Harm.) H.Olivier [nom.illegit. non Vain.] (Rinodina) = Rinodina efflorescens hueana (Harm.) Räsänen (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis hueana (Harm.) Sántha (Physcia virella v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis hueana Vain. [non (Harm.) Mig.] (Rinodina) = Dimelaena oreina hueiana (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Phaeophyscia orbicularis v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis humicolor (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Porina) = Porina mammillosa humida (Kullh.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Moelleropsis humida (Kullh.) Coppins & M.Jørg. humida Kullh. (Biatora) = Moelleropsis humida (Kullh.) Coppins & M.Jørg. humigena Taylor (Lecidea) = Aphanopsis coenosa humigena (Taylor) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Aphanopsis coenosa humilis A.Massal. (Cladonia stellata v.) = Cladonia uncialis ssp. uncialis humilis Ach. (Ramalina pollinaria v.) = Ramalina pollinaria humilis H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Baeomyces rufus humilis With. (Lichen) = Cladonia humilis humosa auct. p.p. (Biatora uliginosa v.) = Placynthiella oligotropha humosa auct. p.p. (Biatora uliginosa v.) = Placynthiella uliginosa humosa (Hoffm.) Ach. (Biatora uliginosa v.) = Placynthiella uliginosa humosa (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecidea uliginosa v.) = Placynthiella uliginosa humosa (Hoffm.) Arnold (Biatora) = Placynthiella uliginosa humosa (Hoffm.) Leight. (Lecidea) = Placynthiella uliginosa humosum Nyl. (Leptogium) = Leptogium tenuissimum hungarica (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca hungarica hungarica H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora gallica ? hungarica Santha (Heppia) = Verrucaria sp. hungarica Vain. (Cladonia) = Cladonia symphycarpia hutchinsiae (Leight.) Nyl. (Stigmatidium) = Enterographa hutchinsiae hutchinsiae (Leight.) Zahlbr. (Chiodecton) = Enterographa hutchinsiae hutchinsiae Leight. (Platygramma) = Enterographa hutchinsiae hutchinsiae Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecania hutchinsiae (Nyl.) A.L.Sm hyalescens Vain. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon distinctum hyalina Hepp (Gyalecta) = Gyalidea lecideopsis hyalinella (Körb.) Jatta (Lecidea) = Lecidea erythrophaea hyalinella (Nyl.) Sacc. (Roesleria) = Sclerophora peronella hyalinella Nyl. (Coniocybe) = Sclerophora peronella hyalinescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Gyalidea hyalinescens hyalocarpa Eitner (Ionaspis) = Ionaspis lacustris hybocarpa Tuck. (Parmelia) = Lecanora hybocarpa hybrida (Ach.) Röhl. (Parmelia) = Physconia venusta hydrela (Ach.) A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria hydrela hydrelus (Flot.) Jatta (Synechoblastus flaccidus v.) = Collema flaccidum hydrocharum (Ach.) Ach. (Collema) = Leptogium plicatile hydrocharum (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Leptogium) = Leptogium plicatile hydrophila (Fr.) Hertel (Huilia) = Porpidia hydrophila (Fr.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab hydrophila Fr. (Lecidea) = Porpidia hydrophila (Fr.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab hydrophila Sommerf. (Lecanora) = Lecanora frustulosa hydrophilum (Fr.) V.Wirth (Haplocarpon) = Porpidia hydrophila (Fr.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab hymeneliicola Alstrup & D.Hawksw. (Lecidea) = Cecidonia xenophana hymenelioides Körb. (Thelidium) = Thelidium decipiens hymeneus Ach. (Lichen) = Pertusaria hymenea hymenina (Ach.) Flot. (Peltigera polydactylon f.) = Peltigera hymenina hymenina Ach. (Peltidea) = Peltigera hymenina hymenogonia Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Staurothele hymenogonia hymenogonia (Zahlbr.) N.S.Golubk. (Polysporina simplex v.) = Polysporina simplex ? hymenogonia Zahlbr. (Biatorella) = Polysporina simplex ? hyperborea (Ach.) Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria hyperborea hyperborea (Ach.) Schaer. (Gyrophora aenea v.) = Umbilicaria hyperborea hyperboreorum Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia hyperboreorum (Zahlbr.) Oksner hyperboreum (Vain.) Vain. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon copelandii hyperboreus Ach. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria hyperborea hyperellum (Ach.) Ach. (Calicium) = Calicium viride hyperellus Ach. (Lichen) = Calicium viride hypergenum Nyl. (Collema) = Collema cristatum hyperopta (Ach.) Körb. (Imbricaria) = Parmeliopsis hyperopta hyperopta (Ach.) S.F.Meyer (Foraminella) = Parmeliopsis hyperopta hyperopta Ach. (Parmelia) = Parmeliopsis hyperopta hypertrophica Asta & Cl.Roux (Aspicilia polychroma ssp.) = Aspicilia polychroma ? hypnaea (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bacidia arceutina v.) = Bacidia arceutina hypnophila (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum hypnophila (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum hypnophila ([Turner ex] Ach.) Th.Fr. (Bacidia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum hypnorum Lib. (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia hypnorum hypnorum Vahl (Lichen) = Psoroma hypnorum hypnorum (Vahl) Ach. (Lecanora) = Psoroma hypnorum hypnorum (Vahl) Körb. (Pannaria) = Psoroma hypnorum hypnorum (Wulfen) Schaer. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora epibryon hypochlorella (Vain.) Vain. (Catillaria) = Lecidea hypochlorella Vain. hypoclista (Nyl.) Jatta (Imbricaria conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia sublaevis hypoclista (Nyl.) Klem. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia sublaevis PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS hypoclista Nyl. (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia sublaevis hypocrita A.Massal. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia hypocrita hypocyanea (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (Biatora) = Catillaria contristans hypocyanea Stirt. (Lecidea) = Catillaria contristans hypocyanea Vain. [non Stirt.] (Lecidea) = Micarea sylvicola hypocyphellata Gyeln. [nom.inval.] (Alectoria sarmentosa v.) = Alectoria sarmentosa hypoleuca (Ach.) Vĕzda (Petractis) = Gyalecta hypoleuca hypoleuca (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta hypoleuca hypoleuca Ach. (Urceolaria) = Gyalecta hypoleuca hypoleuca auct. medit. p.max.p. (Anaptychia) = Heterodermia obscurata hypoleuca auct. p.p. (Pseudophyscia) = Heterodermia obscurata hypoleucina J.Steiner (Parmelia) = Parmotrema hypoleucinum hypomela (Delise) Cromb. (Lobaria pulmonaria f.) = Lobaria pulmonaria hypopallida (Gyeln.) Gyeln. (Parmelia hymitatrix v.) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis hypopallida Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis hypopetraeum Vain. (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon nanodes hypophaea (J.Steiner & Zahlbr.) Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria schindleri Servít hypophaea (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (Biatorella) = Sarcogyne privigna hypophana Nyl. [in Hue] (Lecidea) = Buellia hypophana hypopodioides (Nyl.) Arnold (Buellia) = Buellia leptocline hypopodioides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia leptocline hypoprotocetrarica (W.L.Culb.) D.Hawksw. (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina farinacea hypoprotocetrarica W.L.Culb. (Ramalina) = Ramalina farinacea hypopta (Ach.) Räsänen (Biatora) = Lecanora hypopta hypoptoides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecanora hypoptoides hypoptoides (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatora) = Lecanora hypoptoides hyporhoda (Th.Fr.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Saccomorpha) = Placynthiella hyporhoda (Th.Fr.) Coppins & P.James hyporhoda (Th.Fr.) Hedl. (Lecidea uliginosa f.) = Placynthiella hyporhoda (Th.Fr.) Coppins & P.James hyporhoda Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Placynthiella hyporhoda (Th.Fr.) Coppins & P.James hypotropa auct. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema hypoleucinum hypsophila (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica hypsophila Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia aromatica hysigna (Wahlenb. [in Ach.]) H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora molybdyna (Wahlenb.) A.Massal. hysteroides A.Massal. (Buellia ricasolii v.) = Melaspilea urceolata iberica H.Mayrhofer (Rinodina) = Rinodina trachytica iberica (Mattick) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Squamarina cartilaginea f.) = Squamarina cartilaginea icmadophila (L.f.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Icmadophila ericetorum icmalea (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Saccomorpha) = Placynthiella icmalea icmalea Ach. (Lecidea) = Placynthiella icmalea ignea Gyeln. (Alectoria cana f.) = Bryoria capillaris igniarii Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidia igniarii ignobile Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon cinereovirens (Müll.Arg.) Vain. ignobilis Anzi (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria ignobilis iivaarense (Vain.) Forssell (Pyrenopsidium) = Pyrenopsis furfurea (Nyl.) Leight. ilicicola Bagl. & Carestia (Arthopyrenia punctiformis f.) = ? ilicicola Harm. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria caesioalba ilicinum (Taylor) P.James (Arthothelium) = Arthonia ilicina ilicis A.Massal. (Catillaria) = Catillaria nigroclavata 112 ilicis A.Massal. [nom.nud.] (Lecidea) = Catillaria nigroclavata illecebrosa Dufour (Opegrapha) = Lecanographa amylacea illecebrosa (Dufour) Fr. (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa amylacea illecebrosum (Dufour) A.Massal. (Schismatomma) = Lecanographa amylacea illimata (Wahlenb.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia cinerea illinita (Nyl.) Hav. (Sagedia) = Strigula stigmatella illinita (Nyl.) Körb. (Segestrella) = Strigula stigmatella illinita Nyl. (Porina) = Strigula stigmatella illita (Nyl.) R.Sant. (Mosigia) = Rimularia badioatra illita Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rimularia badioatra illota Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon distinctum illotum (Nyl.) Lettau (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon distinctum illudens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidia illudens (Nyl.) Lynge illusoria Leight. (Lecanora polytropa f.) = Lecanora polytropa v. polytropa illuta (Ach.) Stein (Biatorella pruinosa v.) = Sarcogyne regularis illuta (Ach.) Stein (Sarcogyne pruinosa v.) = Sarcogyne regularis illyrica (Zahlbr.) Harm. (Letharia) = Evernia illyrica illyrica Zahlbr. (Evernia divaricata ssp.) = Evernia illyrica ilyophora Stirt. (Lecidea) = Micarea melaena imbecillum Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium imbecillum imbricata A.Massal. (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis imbricata A.Massal. (Parmelia olivacea v.) = Melanelia glabra imbricata Gyeln. (Peltigera malacea v.) = Peltigera malacea imbricata Vain. (Pannaria lepidiota v.) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa imbricatoides Gyeln. (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia saxatilis imbricatoides Gyeln. (Peltigera polydactyloides f.) = Peltigera malacea imbricatum (A.Massal.) Vain. (Dermatocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum imbricatum A.Massal. (Endocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum imbricatum (Nyl.) Boistel (Endopyrenium) = Heteroplacidium imbricatum imbricatum (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Catapyrenium) = Heteroplacidium imbricatum imbricatum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Heteroplacidium imbricatum imbricatum Nyl. (Endocarpon) = Heteroplacidium imbricatum imbricum Garov. (Verrucaria macrostoma v.) = Verrucaria tectorum imitans (Müll.Arg.) Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis imitatoria Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. imitatrix Malme (Bacidia) = Cliostomum griffithii imitatrix Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea immersa [Bagl. ex] A.Massal. (Porphyriospora) = Staurothele immersa immersa H.Mayrhofer & Cl.Roux [in H.Mayrhofer] (Rinodina iodes v.) = Rinodina luridata immersa Körb. (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina immersa immersa sensu Jatta (Hymenelia) = Clauzadea immersa immersa (Sommerf.) Rabenh. (Lecidea pruinosa v.) = Sarcogyne regularis immersa (Weber) Ach. (Lecidea) = Clauzadea immersa immersa (Weber) J.Steiner (Protoblastenia) = Clauzadea immersa immersa (Weber) Körb. (Lecidella) = Clauzadea immersa immersa (Weber) P.Syd. (Biatora) = Clauzadea immersa 113 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms immersoareolata (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina confragosa v.) = Rinodina trachytica immersoareolata Harm. (Lecanora confragosa v.) = Rinodina trachytica immersum (Leight.) Mudd (Thelidium) = Thelidium decipiens immersus Weber (Lichen) = Clauzadea immersa impavida Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Rimularia impavida (Th.Fr.) Hertel & Rambold imperfecta Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. impexa (Harm.) de Lesd. (Cladina) = Cladonia portentosa impexa Harm. (Cladonia) = Cladonia portentosa implexa auct. p.p. (Alectoria) = Bryoria capillaris implexa (Hoffm.) Nyl. [non auct.] (Alectoria) = Bryoria implexa implexa Hoffm. (Usnea) = Bryoria implexa implexa Nyl. (Ramalina scopulorum v.) = Ramalina implexa implexus (Hoffm.) Elenkin (Bryopogon) = Bryoria implexa impolita (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Pachnolepia) = Arthonia pruinata impolita (Hoffm.) Borrer (Arthonia) = Arthonia pruinata imponens Leight. (Lecidea) = Carbonea vitellinaria impressa Müll.Arg. (Sagedia) = Thelidium impressum impressula H.Magn. (Heppia) = Peltula radicata Nyl. impressula (Leight.) A.L.Sm. (Buellia) = Buellia aethalea impressus Sw. (Lichen) = Diploschistes muscorum improvisa (Nyl.) Almq. (Biatorella) = Strangospora moriformis ? inaequalis Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia subviridis inaequalis (Fabre) E.Müller (Microthelia) = Mycomicrothelia inaequalis (Fabre) D.Hawksw./F inaequalis (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora nitrophila v.) = Acarospora nitrophila inaequalis H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nitrophila inaequata Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria calciseda inaequata (Servít) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Verrucaria calciseda inaequatula Nyl. (Lecanora) = Ochrolechia inaequatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. inalpina (Ach.) Servít (Caloplaca aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca flavovirescens inalpinum (Ach.) H.Magn. (Placodium aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca flavovirescens inamoena (Müll.Arg.) Hertel (Lecidella) = Lecidella patavina inamoena Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina inarensis Vain. (Hazslinskya) = Elixia flexella inarimense Jatta (Callopisma ferrugineum v.) = Caloplaca crenularia ? inarimensis Jatta (Buellia leptocline v.) = Buellia leptocline ? inaspecta Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. incana A.L.Sm. (Bombyliospora) = Megalospora pachycarpa incana [Ach. ex] Sommerf. [non (L.) Ach.] (Lecidea) = Biatora chrysantha incana L. (Byssus) = Lepraria incana incana (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Biatora vernalis v.) = Biatora chrysantha incana (Sommerf.) Vain. (Lecidea epixanthoidiza v.) = Biatora chrysantha incanescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora radiosa v.) = Lobothallia radiosa incarnata (Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. (Gongylia) = Belonia incarnata incavata (Mudd) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Thelidium incavatum incerta A.Massal. (Xylographa) = Xylographa parallela incertula (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria saprophila ? incincta Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea sylvicola incinctum (Vain.) Vain. (Thelidium) = Thelidium pyrenophorum incisocrenatum Schaer. (Stereocaulon tomentosum v.) = Stereocaulon tomentosum inclusus Sm. (Lichen) = Thelotrema lepadinum incolorata (Parrique) Essl. (Melanelia) = Melanelia elegantula incolorata (Parrique) Lettau (Parmelia) = Melanelia elegantula incompta [Borrer ex] Hook. [in Hook. & Sowerby] (Lecidea) = Bacidia incompta incompta Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. inconcinna Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rimularia limborina inconfluens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia tuberculosa incongrua (Nyl.) Arnold (Lecidella) = Lecidella stigmatea incongrua Nyl. (Lecidea parasema ssp.) = Lecidella stigmatea incongruella (Vain.) Hertel & Leuckert (Lecidella) = Lecidella effugiens incongruella Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidella effugiens inconnexa (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca tenuatula ssp.) = Caloplaca inconnexa inconnexa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca inconnexa inconspicua H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia inconspicua (H.Magn.) Räsänen [in Huusk.] inconversa (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (Staurothele) = Staurothele fissa incrassata (Flörke) Laurer (Cladonia coccifera v.) = Cladonia incrassata incrassata H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Porpidia superba incrassata (Nyl.) Gyeln. (Parmeliella corallinoides f.) = Parmeliella triptophylla incrassata (Nyl.) Motyka (Ramalina) = Ramalina siliquosa incrassata Nyl. (Pannaria triptophylla f.) = Parmeliella triptophylla incrassata Nyl. (Ramalina scopulorum v.) = Ramalina siliquosa incrassata Schaer. (Cladonia rangiferina v.) = Cladonia rangiferina incrassata Vain. (Lecidea hochstetteri f.) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri incrassatum (Vain.) Vain. (Rhizocarpon hochstetteri f.) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri incrustans (Ach.) Fr. (Pyrenothea) = Schismatomma pericleum incrustans auct. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca ruderum (Malbr.) J.R.Laundon incrustans (DC.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium rupestre f.) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. incrustans incrustans (DC.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. incrustans incrustans (DC.) A.Massal. (Biatora rupestris v.) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. incrustans incrustans (DC.) A.Massal. (Blastenia) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. incrustans incrustans (DC.) Flagey (Caloplaca) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. incrustans incrustans (DC.) Lettau (Blastenia rupestris v.) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. incrustans incrustans (DC.) Zahlbr. (Protoblastenia rupestris v.) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. incrustans incrustans DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Patellaria) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. incrustans incrustans Körb. (Calicium) = Calicium trabinellum incrustans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca decipiens v.) = Caloplaca ruderum (Malbr.) J.R.Laundon incurva (Pers.) DC. (Imbricaria) = Arctoparmelia incurva incurva (Pers.) Fr. (Parmelia) = Arctoparmelia incurva incurva (Pers.) Hale (Xanthoparmelia) = Arctoparmelia incurva incurvescens (Arnold) H.Olivier (Usnea ceratina f.) = Usnea ceratina PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS incurvus Pers. (Lichen) = Arctoparmelia incurva incusa (Flot.) Vain. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca demissa incusa [Flot. ex] Körb. (Peltigera rufescens f.) = Peltigera rufescens incusa Flot. (Parmelia dendritica v.) = Caloplaca demissa incusa (Körb.) H.Magn. (Acarospora macrospora v.) = Acarospora macrospora incusa (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Acarospora squamulosa v.) = Acarospora macrospora incusiuscula Gyeln. (Peltigera praetextata f.) = Peltigera praetextata indigula (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Herteliana taylorii (Salwey) P.James indigula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Herteliana taylorii indissimilis H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia indissimilis (H.Magn.) Räsänen [in Huusk.] indissimilis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia indissimilis (Nyl.) de Lesd. inductula (Nyl.) Servít (Microglaena) = Thelenella inductula inductula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Polyblastia) = Thelenella inductula inductula Nyl. [in Hasse] (Verrucaria) = Thelenella inductula indurata Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Mycobilimbia tetramera inferior Nyl. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana infernula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon infernulum (Nyl.) Lynge infernulus (Nyl.) Hav. (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon infernulum (Nyl.) Lynge infidula (Nyl.) Leight. (Lecidea sylvicola v.) = Micarea bauschiana infidula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea bauschiana infirmata (Arnold) Lettau (Lecidea paupercula f.) = Lecidea infirmata inflata (Ach.) Jatta (Lecanora) = Lobothallia alphoplaca inflata Ach. (Lecanora alphoplaca v.) = Lobothallia alphoplaca inflata ([Delise ex] Duby) Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea cornuta inflata Sambo (Parmelia physodes v.) = Hypogymnia physodes inflatum (Ach.) A.Massal. (Placodium) = Lobothallia alphoplaca inflatum (Ach.) Arnold (Placodium alphoplacum v.) = Lobothallia alphoplaca inflexa (Ach.) Delise [in Duby] (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera rufescens inflexa Ach. (Peltidea canina v.) = Peltigera rufescens infralapponica Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidea antiloga infralapponica Vain. (Pertusaria) = Anzina carneonivea v. carneonivea infumata (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Parmelia elegantula ssp.) = Melanelia infumata infumata Nyl. (Parmelia) = Melanelia infumata infundibulifera (Schaer.) Vain. (Cladonia crispata v.) = Cladonia crispata infuscata Th.Fr. (Lecidea assimilata v.) = Micarea incrassata Hedl. injucunda (Vain.) H.Magn. (Buellia) = Buellia ectolechioides (Vain.) Erichsen injuncta Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea tessellata v. caesia innata Walt.Watson (Staurothele) = Staurothele rugulosa innocua (Wahlenb.) Körb. (Imbricaria perlata v.) = Parmotrema chinense innovans [Flot. ex] Körb. (Peltigera rufescens v.) = Peltigera praetextata inopinata Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria excludens ? inops Bagl. (Lecanora polytropa f.) = Lecanora polytropa v. polytropa inops (Th.Fr.) Nyl. (Lecidea promiscens f.) = Lecidea inops Th.Fr. 114 inordinata Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria sp. inornata Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. inquinans (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria caesioalba inquinans (Sm.) A.Massal. (Acolium) = Cyphelium inquinans inquinans (Sm.) Rabenh. (Trachylia) = Cyphelium inquinans inquinans Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Lichen) = Cyphelium inquinans inquinans (Tul.) A.Massal. (Nesolechia) = Micarea inquinans inquinans (Tul.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea inquinans inquinans Tul. (Abrothallus) = Micarea inquinans inquinata (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria chiodectonoides insculpta Zschacke (Verrucaria hochstetteri f.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri insensitiva (H.Magn.) Anders (Parmelia) = Parmelia omphalodes insensitiva H.Magn. (Parmelia omphalodes v.) = Parmelia discordans Nyl. inserena Nyl. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica griseoatra insidiosa Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Ramboldia insidiosa insignis (Delise) Nyl. (Cladonia lamarckii f.) = Cladonia ramulosa insignis (Hepp) Flagey (Buellia disciformis v.) = Buellia insignis insignis Mereschk. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia insignis insignis [Nägeli ex] Hepp (Lecidea) = Buellia insignis insiliens (Larb.) A.L.Sm. (Porina) = Porina ahlesiana insinuata Stirt. (Arthonia) = Arthonia punctiformis insolata (H.Magn.) Hav. (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia grisea insolata H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia grisea inspersa (J.Steiner) J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder inspersa J.Steiner (Caloplaca aegyptiaca v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder instrata (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatora) = Miriquidica instrata instrata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica instrata instratula (Nyl.) Cl.Roux (Clauzadeana) = Clauzadeana macula instratula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Clauzadeana macula insulana Tav. (Dirina) = Enterographa insulana (Tav.) Tehler insulare (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Endocarpon) = Verrucaria fuscula insulare (A.Massal.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Endopyrenium) = Verrucaria fuscula insulare (A.Massal.) Mig. (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria fuscula insulare A.Massal. (Placidium) = Verrucaria fuscula insularis (A.Massal.) Jatta (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria fuscula insularis Arnold (Buellia saxatilis f.) = Rinodina insularis insularis Bagl. (Buellia italica v.) = Buellia spuria insularis ([Larbal. ex] Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Porina) = Porina ahlesiana insularis Müll.Arg. (Rinodina nigrella v.) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii insularis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rimularia insularis insulata (DC.) Steudel (Lecanora) = Lecanora frustulosa ? insulata DC. (Squamaria) = Lecanora frustulosa ? insulatula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rimularia badioatra integra auct. [non Nyl.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria hochstetteri integra Nyl. [non auct.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria pinguicula integrascens (Nyl.) Vain. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia hyperborea Th.Fr. integrella (Nyl.) Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria caesiopsila integrella (Schaer.) Jatta (Lecanora atrynea f.) = Lecanora cenisia integrella (Schaer.) Trevis. (Patellaria cenisia v.) = Lecanora cenisia 115 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms integrella (Schaer.) Arnold (Lecanora ocellulata v.) = Lecanora cenisia intercalanda Arnold (Lecidea) = Lecidea commaculans intercedens (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Bacidia trachona ? intercedens (H.Magn.) R.Sant. (Mosigia) = Rimularia badioatra ? intercedens H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Rimularia badioatra ? intercedens (Nyl.) Lönnr. [non sensu Th.Fr.] (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia cupularis intercedens sensu Th.Fr. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia hyperborea Th.Fr. intercedens (Trevis.) J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca variabilis intercedens (Trevis.) Nyl. (Pyrenodesmia) = Caloplaca variabilis intercedens Trevis. (Pyrenodesmia) = Caloplaca variabilis interceptum (Nyl.) Mig. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon laureri interfulgens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca interfulgens interfulgens (Nyl.) Flagey (Placodium) = Caloplaca interfulgens interfulgens (Nyl.) J.Steiner (Gyalolechia) = Caloplaca interfulgens interjecta (Leight.) A.L.Sm. (Melaspilea) = Poeltinula interjecta (Leight.) Hafellner interjecta (Leight.) Th.Fr. (Encephalographa) = Poeltinula interjecta (Leight.) Hafellner interjecta (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Rinodina intejecta (Müll.Arg.) H.Mayrhofer, Scheid. & Sheard interjecta Müll.Arg. (Buellia) = Rinodina intejecta (Müll.Arg.) H.Mayrhofer, Scheid. & Sheard interjungens (Nyl.) Hafellner & Kalb (Pseudosagedia) = Porina interjungens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. interjungens Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Porina interjungens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. interlatens Arnold (Verrucaria) = Phaeosporis interlatens (Arnold)/F interludens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea kochiana intermedia (A.Massal.) Jatta (Usnea) = Usnea rigida intermedia A.Massal. (Usnea barbata v.) = Usnea rigida intermedia Anzi (Lithoicea macrostoma f.) = Verrucaria macrostoma intermedia (Arnold) H.Olivier (Toninia) = Toninia alutacea intermedia auct. [non (Nyl.) Nyl.] (Ramalina) = Ramalina pollinaria intermedia H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora veronensis intermedia [Hepp ex] Stizenb. (Secoliga arceutina f.) = Bacidina assulata intermedia (Körb.) N.S.Golubk. (Sarcogyne regularis v.) = Sarcogyne regularis ? intermedia Müll.Arg. (Microthelia) = Mycomicrothelia exigua (Müll.Arg.) D.Hawksw./F intermedia Müll.Arg. (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina immersa intermedia (Stizenb.) Arnold [nom.illegit. non Hampe] (Bacidia) = Bacidina assulata intermedia Vain. (Physcia) = Physcia dubia intermedia (Wallr.) Anzi (Buellia epigaea v.) = Buellia epigaea intermedia (Wallr.) Körb. (Diploicia epigaea v.) = Buellia epigaea intermedia (Wallr.) Schaer. (Lecidea epigaea v.) = Buellia epigaea intermedia Zahlbr. (Caloplaca aurantia v.) = Caloplaca aurantia intermediella Vĕzda (Bacidia) = Bacidia subincompta intermedium [A.Massal. ex] Arnold (Thalloidima) = Toninia alutacea intermedium Arnold (Leptogium minutissimum v.) = Leptogium intermedium intermedium Trevis. (Collema multifidum. v.) = Collema cristatum intermedius Schrad. (Lichen) = Buellia epigaea intermissa (Nyl.) Malme (Bacidia) = Bacidia absistens intermissa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidia absistens intermixta auct. [non (Nyl.) Arnold] (Catillaria) = Megalaria laureri intermixta auct. [non (Nyl.) P.James] (Catinaria) = Megalaria laureri intermixtulum Nyl. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon intermediellum intermutans Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia intermutans internectens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Biatora subduplex interpediens (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Diploschistes gypsaceus ssp.) = Diploschistes scruposus interpediens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes scruposus interpediens Nyl. (Urceolaria) = Diploschistes scruposus interpolata (Stirt.) A.L.Sm. (Buellia) = Rinodina interpolata interrupta [Anzi ex] Arnold (Verrucaria calciseda f.) = Verrucaria calciseda interrupta (Arnold) J.Steiner (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria calciseda interruptum ([Carmich ex] Hook.) Cooke (Scytonema) = Dictyonema interruptum (Hook.) Parm. interseptula (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Porina) = Porina interjungens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. intersitum Arnold (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeum ? interspersula (Nyl. [in Brenner]) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum interveniens (Müll.Arg.) J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder interveniens (Müll.Arg.) Szatala (Placodium) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder interveniens Müll.Arg. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder intestiniforme Körb. (Endocarpon) = Dermatocarpon intestiniforme intestiniforme Schaer. (Collema) = Collema tenax intestiniformis (Ach.) Motyka (Usnea articulata ssp.) = Usnea articulata intestiniformis Frey (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia stellaris intestiniformis (Vill.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Brodoa intestiniformis intestiniformis (Vill.) Räsänen (Hypogymnia) = Brodoa intestiniformis intestiniformis Vill. (Lichen) = Brodoa intestiniformis intexta Stirt. (Usnea) = Usnea cornuta intricans (Vain.) Motyka (Alectoria) = Pseudephebe pubescens intricata (Ach.) Fr. (Biatora polytropa v.) = Lecanora intricata intricata (Ach.) Schaer. (Lecanora polytropa v.) = Lecanora intricata intricata Ach. (Parmelia) = Lecanora intricata intricata Arnold (Omphalaria) = Lempholemma intricatum intricata (Arnold) Nyl. (Synalissa) = Lempholemma intricatum intricata (Desf.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Tornabea atlantica v.) = Tornabea scutellifera intricata (Dufour) A.Massal. (Anaptychia) = Tornabea scutellifera intricata H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Timdalia intricata (H.Magn.) Hafellner intricata (Hepp) Anzi (Lecidea spilota v.) = Lecidea tessellata ? intricata Lamy (Ephebe) = Ephebe lanata intricata (Moris) Du Rietz (Usnea) = Lethariella intricata intricatum Moris (Stereocaulon) = Lethariella intricata PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS intricatus Desf. (Lichen) = Tornabea scutellifera intrudens H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Miriquidica intrudens intrusa (Th.Fr.) Coppins & H.Kilias (Micarea) = Carbonea intrusa intrusa (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. (Catillaria) = Carbonea intrusa intrusa Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Carbonea intrusa intumescens Flörke [in Flot.] (Lecidea petraea v.) = Rimularia insularis intumescens (Flörke) Arnold (Lecidella) = Rimularia insularis intumescens (Flörke) Boistel (Toninia) = Rimularia insularis intumescens (Flörke) Hepp (Biatora) = Rimularia insularis intumescens (Flörke) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rimularia insularis intumescens (Flörke) Sacc. (Nesolechia) = Rimularia insularis intumescens (Rebent.) Flot. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora intumescens intumescens (Rebent.) Trevis. (Patellaria) = Lecanora intumescens intumescens Rebent. (Parmelia) = Lecanora intumescens intuta (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata intuta Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina oxydata inundata [Blomb. ex] Th.Fr. (Rinodina exigua v.) = Rinodina fimbriata inundata de Lesd. (Staurothele clopima v.) = Staurothele sp. inundata (Fr.) Körb. (Bacidia arnoldiana v.) = Bacidina inundata inundata (Fr.) Körb. (Bacidia) = Bacidina inundata inundata (Fr.) Sérus. & Diederich (Woessia) = Bacidina inundata inundata Fr. (Biatora) = Bacidina inundata inundata [Hepp ex] Körb. (Biatorina) = Lecania inundata inundatum Klem. (Dermatocarpon bachmannii v.) = Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum inustula (A.L.Sm.) Nyl. (Graphis) = Graphina anguina (Mont.) Müll.Arg. inustula A.L.Sm. (Graphina) = Graphina anguina (Mont.) Müll.Arg. invadens H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Lecanora flotowiana invadens Lynge (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca castellana (Räsänen) Poelt inversa (Nyl.) Cromb. (Lecanora expallens ssp.) = Ochrolechia inversa involuta Taylor [in J.Mackay] (Lecanora) = Trapelia involuta involuta (Wallr.) Jatta (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha viridis involuta (Wallr.) Körb. (Zwackhia) = Opegrapha viridis involuta Wallr. (Graphis) = Opegrapha viridis iodes H.Mayrhofer & Poelt (Rinodina) = Rinodina luridata ionaspicarpum J.Novak (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria ionaspicarpa (J.Novak) Clauzade & Cl.Roux iranicum Szatala (Placidium) = Verrucaria fuscula irregularis H.Magn. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca microthallina irregularis Vouaux (Karschia talcophila v.) = Melaspilea canariensis irrigata H.Magn. (Acarospora nitrophila v.) = Acarospora nitrophila irriguum ([Flot. ex] Körb.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon disporum v.) = Rhizocarpon disporum irrorata Clemente (Lecanora cervina v.) = Acarospora macrospora irrorata (Th.Fr.) Vain. (Bacidia muscorum v.) = Bacidia illudens (Nyl.) Lynge irrorata Th.Fr. (Bacidia atrosanguinea v.) = Bacidia illudens (Nyl.) Lynge irrubata (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Protoblastenia rupestris irrubata (Ach.) Szatala (Protoblastenia rupestris v.) = Protoblastenia rupestris 116 irrubescens Arnold (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca irrubescens irrubescens (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium aurantiacum ssp.) = Caloplaca irrubescens irrubescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca aurantia v.) = Caloplaca irrubescens isabellina (Flot.) Jatta (Lecidea) = Biatora isabellina isabellina J.Steiner (Caloplaca fulva v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder isabellina Jatta (Aspicilia) = Hymenelia similis ischnobela (Nyl.) Coppins (Leptorhaphis) = Celothelium ischnobelum ischnobela (Nyl.) Keissl. (Tomasellia) = Celothelium ischnobelum ischnobela Nyl. (Melanotheca) = Celothelium ischnobelum iserensis Nádv. (Parmeliopsis ambigua v.) = Parmeliopsis ambigua isidiascens Nyl. (Parmelia glomellifera v.) = Neofuscelia verruculifera isidiata-sorediosa Gyeln. (Peltigera scutata f.) = Peltigera collina isidiata Anzi (Imbricaria conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa isidiata (Anzi) Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa isidiata (Anzi) Stizenb. (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa isidiata Degel. (Pannaria) = Vestergrenopsis isidiata (Degel.) Å.E.Dahl isidiata Egea (Pertusaria gallica v.) = Pertusaria pluripuncta isidiata (H.Magn.) H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia simoënsis isidiata H.Magn. (Lecanora simoënsis v.) = Aspicilia simoënsis isidiata Harm. (Pannaria craspedia v.) = Fuscopannaria sampaiana isidiata (Lynge) H.Magn. (Parmelia obscurata v.) = Hypogymnia austerodes isidiata Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria collematodes ? isidiata Vĕzda (Parmelia isidiata f.) = Parmelia fraudans isidiifera Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria coronata isidiifera (Erichsen) Almb. (Pertusaria coronata v.) = Pertusaria coronata isidiigera Räsänen (Xanthoria substellaris v.) = Xanthoria ulophyllodes isidiigera Vĕzda (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca chlorina isidioidea Anzi (Pertusaria fallax v.) = Pertusaria flavida isidioidea (Beltram.) Szatala (Xanthoria) = Xanthoria mediterranea ? isidioidea Beltram. (Physcia parietina v.) = Xanthoria mediterranea ? isidioides auct.ital. (Imbricaria olivacea v.) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula isidioides Borrer (Verrucaria) = Thelotrema isidioides (Borrer) R.Sant. isidioides Borrer [in Hook. & Sowerby] (Parmelia) = Rinodina isidioides isidioides (Borrer) A.L.Sm. (Microglaena) = Thelotrema isidioides (Borrer) R.Sant. isidioides (Borrer) Hook. (Pertusaria) = Thelotrema isidioides (Borrer) R.Sant. isidioides Nyl. (Collema) = Lempholemma isidioides isidioides (Schaer.) Arnold (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria schaereri Hafellner isidioides Schaer. (Spiloma) = Pertusaria schaereri Hafellner isidiophora Trevis. (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia verrucigera isidiosa Nyl. (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia tinctina 117 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms isidiosa Sandst. (Lecanora nephaea v.) = Rimularia furvella (Mudd) Hertel & Rambold isidiosa Tav. (Pannaria rubiginosa f.) = Pannaria tavaresii isidiosa Werner (Dirina repanda f.) = Dirina massiliensis isidiosa Werner (Psorotichia) = Lichinella stipatula ? isidiotyla Nyl. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia loxodes isidiotyla (Nyl.) Arnold (Imbricaria) = Neofuscelia loxodes islandicus L. (Lichen) = Cetraria islandica istriana (Zahlbr.) Szatala (Acarospora glaucocarpa v.) = Acarospora cervina ? istriana Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora chlarotera italica (A.Massal.) Wedd. [non de Lesd.] (Lecidea) = Buellia spuria italica A.Massal. (Buellia) = Buellia spuria italica (de Lesd.) Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. italica de Lesd. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca sp. italica de Lesd. (Catillaria) = Lecania inundata italica de Lesd. (Enterographa) = Schismatomma graphidioides italica de Lesd. [nom.illegit. non (A.Massal.) Wedd.] (Lecidea) =? italica de Lesd. [sec.descr.] (Physcia leptalea v.) = Physcia tenella italicum auct. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla italicum (de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Chiodecton) = Schismatomma graphidioides italicum (de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = ? italicum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon effiguratum ? italicum Sacc. (Embolidium) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla jacobaefolium Schrank (Collema multifidum v.) = Collema cristatum jacobaefolius (Schrank) Ach. (Collema melaenum v.) = Collema cristatum jacquesii Werner (Parmelia) = Melanelia elegantula jejuna (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Halecania ralfsii (Salwey) M.Mayrhofer jejuna (Nyl.) P.James (Catillaria) = Halecania ralfsii (Salwey) M.Mayrhofer jemtlandensis H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidea swartzioidea jenensis Batsch (Peziza) = Gyalecta jenensis jinretienii Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Allantoparmelia alpicola jodophila Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria sp. jodopulchra [Couderc ex] Croz. (Omphalaria) = Lichinella jodopulchra jodopulchra (Croz.) Henssen (Gonohymenia) = Lichinella jodopulchra jorgei Samp. (Buellia) = Buellia erubescens jorgei Vĕzda & Vivant (Enterographa) = Enterographa elaborata josiae Frey (Lecanorella) = Koerberiella wimmeriana jubata auct. p.p. (Alectoria) = Bryoria fuscescens jubata (L.) Fr. (Evernia) = Bryoria fuscescens jubata (L.) Hoffm. (Usnea) = Bryoria fuscescens jubatus (L.) Link (Bryopogon) = Bryoria fuscescens juglandis (A.Massal.) Jatta (Arthopyrenia punctiformis v.) = Arthopyrenia pluriseptata juglandis (A.Massal.) Keissl. (Mycarthopyrenia) = Arthopyrenia pluriseptata juglandis (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Arthopyrenia pluriseptata juglandis A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia persoonii v.) = Arthopyrenia pluriseptata juglandis A.Massal. (Opegrapha varia v.) = Opegrapha varia juglandis [Garov. ex] A.Massal. (Graphis) = Graphis scripta jugorum Arnold (Buellia verruculosa v.) = Buellia jugorum juistense Erichsen (Thelidium) = Anisomeridium polypori juistense (Erichsen) R.C.Harris (Anisomeridium) = Anisomeridium polypori jungens Nyl. (Lecanora fulvolutea f.) = Caloplaca tornoënsis H.Magn. jungermanniae Delise (Lenormandia) = Normandina pulchella jungermanniae (Delise) Nyl. (Normandina) = Normandina pulchella jungermanniae Vahl (Lichen) = Caloplaca jungermanniae junipericola Räsänen (Schismatomma abietinum f.) = Schismatomma pericleum juniperina (L.) Ach. (Cetraria) = Vupicida juniperinus juniperina Poelt & Nimis (Lecidella achristotera v.) = Lecidella juniperina juniperinum (L.) Frege (Platysma) = Vulpicida juniperinus juniperi Velenovsky (Karschia) = Amandinea punctata jurana auct.ital. p.p. [non Schaer.] (Lecidea) = Farnoldia hypocrita jurana (Schaer.) Hepp [nomen sed non planta] (Biatora) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana jurana (Schaer.) Hertel (Melanolecia) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana jurana (Schaer.) Hertel (Tremolecia) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana jurana Schaer. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana jurana Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria elaeomelaena juranum (Schaer.) M.Choisy (Haplocarpon) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana justii Servít (Lecanora) = Aspicilia cheresina v. justii justii Servít (Microglaena) = Thelenella justii (Servít) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt kairamoi Vain. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia kairamoi kakaouettae Sérus. (Bapalmuia) = Byssoloma kakouettae kaleida Taylor (Lecidea) = Buellia ocellata kalenskyi Servít (Paraphysothele) = Thelidium sublacteum Eitner kalkuense Räsänen (Polychidium) = Polychidium muscicola kalmusii Opiz (Lecanora) =Lecidella stigmatea kansuensis H.Magn. (Catillaria) = Toninia philippea karakorina Poelt (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia kairamoi ? karelica H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia karelica (H.Magn.) Oksner karelica Räsänen (Lecanora radiosa v.) = Lecanora swartzii karelica Räsänen (Rinodina milvina v.) = Rinodina arnoldii karelicum Vain. (Cyphelium lucidum v.) = Cyphelium karelicum keissleri Servít (Blastenia) = Caloplaca coccinea keissleri (Servít) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca nubigena v.) = Caloplaca coccinea kelleri Elenkin (Thalloidima) = Toninia massata kelleri (Elenkin) H.Olivier (Toninia) = Toninia massata kelpii Körb. (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema halodytes kemensis Räsänen (Varicellaria) = Varicellaria rhodocarpa kenmorensis (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lichiniza) = Porocyphus kenmorensis kermesina auct.ital. (Lepra) = Arthonia cinnabarina kerneri Zukal [in Kerner] (Ephebe) = Spilonema revertens Nyl. kernstockii Lynge & Zahlbr. (Parmelia) = Flavopunctelia flaventior kernstockii Zschacke (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia intermedia ? kernstockii Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria rheitrophila kernstockii Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria rheitrophila killiasii (Hepp) Rehm (Mycobilimbia) = Bacidia kiliasii (Hepp) D.Hawksw./F kittilensis Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidea paupercula Th.Fr. klementii (Servít) H.Magn. (Cetraria chlorophylla v.) = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla kochiana Hepp (Lecidea) = Fuscidea kochiana PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS kochiana (Hepp) Fr. (Biatora rivulosa v.) = Fuscidea kochiana kochiana (Hepp) Rabenh. (Biatora) = Fuscidea kochiana kochiana (Hepp) Schaer. (Lecidea rivulosa v.) = Fuscidea kochiana koenigii Retz. (Lichen) = Rhizocarpon oederi koerberi A.Massal. (Psora) = Lecidea fuliginosa koerberiana A.Massal. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca crenularia koerberi Arnold (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria hochstetteri koerberi (Flot.) Lettau (Porina) = Porina guentheri koerberi (H.Magn.) Suza (Acarospora) = Acarospora nitrophila koerberi H.Magn. (Acarospora praeruptorum v.) = Acarospora nitrophila koerberi Hepp (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria hochstetteri koerberi ([J.Lahm ex] Arnold) Almq. (Arthonia vagans v.) = Arthonia lapidicola koerberi ([J.Lahm ex] Arnold) Malbr. (Arthonia) = Arthonia lapidicola koerberi (Nádv.) Tibell (Chaenothecopsis) = Chaenothecopsis ochroleuca koerberi Nádv. (Strongyleuma) = Chaenothecopsis ochroleuca koerberi Stein (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri koerberi Stein (Leptorhaphis) = Sagediopsis aquatica (Stein) Triebel/F koerberi (Stein) Klem. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon hochstetteri koerberi Trevis. (Microthelia) = Mycomicrothelia melanospora kolaensis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Adelolecia kolaensis kolax Poelt (Toninia) = Toninia verrucarioides koliensis Räsänen (Nesolechia) = Tephromela koliensis (Räsänen) Rambold & Triebel koltarum Räsänen (Lecidea) = Porpidia speirea kordofanica sensu Nimis & Poelt [non H.Magn.] (Acarospora) = Acarospora microcarpa kornhuberi Zahlbr. (Rinodina) = Rinodina exigua kotiluotensis Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica kovariana Servít (Polyblastia austriaca v.) = Polyblastia austriaca krempelhuberi A.Massal. (Coniangium) = Arthonia patellulata krempelhuberi Jatta [non Schaer.] (Lecanora) = Aspicilia verruculosa krempelhuberi Lindau (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria dolosa ? kujalae Räsänen (Lecidea) = Lecidea leucothallina v. kujalae (Räsänen) Hertel kujalae Räsänen (Usnea) = Usnea glabrata kukriensis Räsänen (Gyalecta cupularis v.) = Gyalecta kukriensis kukriensis (Räsänen) Zahlbr. (Gyalecta jenensis v.) = Gyalecta kukriensis kullensis Zopf (Ramalina) = Ramalina siliquosa kummerleana Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. kündigiana Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Carbonea vorticosa kuopioënsis (Vain.) Vain. (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum ophiosporum (Hellb.) Hav. kurdistanica (J.Steiner) Vĕzda (Gyalidea lecideopsis v.) = Gyalidea lecideopsis ? kutakiana Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa baldensis kutakii Nádv. (Physcia leucoleiptes v.) = Physconia enteroxantha kutakii Servít (Thelidium aeneovinosum v.) = Thelidium aeneovinosum kutakii (Servít) Servít (Involucrothele) = Thelidium aeneovinosum kutakii (Servít) Servít (Polyblastia) = Thelidium aeneovinosum kutakii (Servít) Servít (Thelidium) = Thelidium aeneovinosum kylemoriensis [Larbal. ex] Leight. (Calicium) = Sphinctrina leucopoda 118 kylemoriensis (Leight.) Cromb. (Sphinctrina) = Sphinctrina leucopoda laatokkaënse Räsänen (Dermatocarpon) = Dermatocarpon deminuens Vain. laatokkaensis Räsänen (Parmularia) = Lecanora laatokkaensis labrata Mereschk. [non sensu Frey] (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia hirsuta labrata sensu Frey (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia endophoenicea labrosa Ach. (Parmelia physodes v.) = Hypogymnia physodes laburni Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis labyrinthicus Anzi (Synechoblastus) = Collema fasciculare lacera (Leight.) Hepp (Gyrophora polyphylla f.) = Umbilicaria polyphylla lacerum (Retz.) DC. (Collema) = Leptogium lichenoides lacerum (Retz.) Gray (Leptogium) = Leptogium lichenoides lacerus With. (Lichen) = Ramalina lacera lachneum (Ach.) A.L.Sm. (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium lachneum lachneum (Ach.) Hav. (Endopyrenium) = Placidium lachneum lachneum (Ach.) R.Sant. (Catapyrenium) = Placidium lachneum lachneum auct. p.p. (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium rufescens lachneum auct. p.p. (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium squamulosum lachneus Ach. (Lichen) = Placidium lachneum laciniata (Bagl. & Carestia) Poelt [comb.inval.] (Peltula) = Peltula euploca ? laciniata Erichsen (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia saxatilis laciniata (Huds.) Vain. (Lobaria) = Lobaria amplissima laciniata Werner (Ramalina maciformis f.) = Ramalina canariensis laciniatula [Flagey ex] H.Olivier (Parmelia exasperatula v.) = Melanelia laciniatula laciniatula (H.Olivier) Zahlbr. (Parmelia) = Melanelia laciniatula laciniatus Huds. (Lichen) = Lobaria amplissima laciniosa (Dufour) Körb. (Candelaria) = Candelaria concolor laciniosa (Dufour) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Candelaria concolor lacinulata Gyeln. (Peltigera horizontalis f.) = Peltigera horizontalis lacinulatum (Ach.) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium lacinulatum lacinulatum Ach. (Endocarpon hepaticum v.) = Placidium lacinulatum lactea (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Gyalolechia) = Caloplaca lactea lactea (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Xanthocarpia) = Caloplaca ochracea lactea (A.Massal.) Beltram. (Xanthocarpia ochracea v.) = Caloplaca ochracea lactea (A.Massal.) Garov. (Verrucaria) = Julella lactea lactea (A.Massal.) Jatta (Caloplaca ochracea v.) = Caloplaca ochracea lactea (A.Massal.) Jatta (Buellia spuria v.) = Buellia spuria lactea (A.Massal.) Körb. (Buellia) = Buellia spuria lactea (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca lactea lactea (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Polyblastiopsis) = Julella lactea lactea A.Massal. (Blastodesmia) = Julella lactea lactea A.Massal. (Buellia italica v.) = Buellia spuria lactea A.Massal. (Catolechia) = Buellia spuria lactea Arnold (Verrucaria calciseda DC. v.) = Bagliettoa parmigera lactea (Arnold) Servít (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa parmigera lactea [Flörke ex] Schaer. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina lactea (L.) Körb. (Zeora stenhammari v.) = Pertusaria lactea 119 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms lactea (L.) Matzer & Hafellner (Ochrolechia) = Pertusaria lactea lactea (L.) Pers. (Variolaria) = Pertusaria lactea lactea (Schaer.) Arnold (Lecidella) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina lactea (Schaer.) V.Wirth [nom.superfl.] (Lecidea lapicida v.) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina lactea (Schaer.) Vain. (Lecidea pantherina v.) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina lactea sensu Clauzade & Cl.Roux [non (A.Massal.) Leight.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora poeltiana lacteola (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuckert (Lecidella) = Carbonea latypizoides lacteola Nyl. (Lecidea) = Carbonea latypizoides lactescens (Mudd) Erichsen (Melanaria) = Pertusaria lactescens lacteum (A.Massal.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium pyraceum v.) = Caloplaca lactea lacteum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Sporodyction) = Julella lactea lacteum A.Massal. (Callopisma luteoalbum v.) = Caloplaca lactea lacteum A.Massal. (Callopisma ochraceum v.) = Caloplaca ochracea lacteus L. (Lichen) = Pertusaria lactea lacticolor Arnold (Lecidea) = Lecanora formosa lactucifolia auct. [non (With.) J.R.Laundon] (Peltigera) = Peltigera hymenina lacustris (With.) Flot. (Zeora cinerea v.) = Ionaspis lacustris lacustris (With.) M.Choisy (Hymenelia) = Ionaspis lacustris lacustris (With.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Ionaspis lacustris lacustris (With.) Th.Fr. (Aspicilia) = Ionaspis lacustris lacustris With. (Lichen) = Ionaspis lacustris laetevirens (Borrer) Nyl. (Normandina) = Omphalina hudsoniana laetevirens (Flot.) F.Rosend. (Parmelia) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula laetevirens (Flot.) Nyl. (Parmelia fuliginosa v.) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula laetevirens (Lightf.) Leight. (Ricasolia) = Lobaria virens laetevirens (Lightf.) Zahlbr. (Lobaria) = Lobaria virens laetevirens (Wedd) Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria striatula Wahlenb. [in Ach.] laetior J.Steiner (Caloplaca lactea f.) = Caloplaca marmorata laevata (Ach.) Flot. (Zeora cinerea v.) = Aspicilia laevata laevata (Ach.) Körb. (Aspicilia cinerea v.) = Aspicilia laevata laevata (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia laevata laevata (Ach.) Stein (Aspicilia gibbosa v.) = Aspicilia laevata laevata (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora gibbosa v.) = Aspicilia laevata laevata Ach. (Sagedia) = Aspicilia laevata laevata Ach. [non auct. nec sensu Körb.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aethiobola laevata auct. p.p. [non Ach.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria hydrela laevata sensu Eitner (Verrucaria) = Polyblastia peminosa laevata sensu Körb. [non Ach. nec auct.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria praetermissa laevatoides H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia laevatoides laevicorticata Sandst. (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa laevigata (Ach.) Malme (Rinodina) = Rinodina archaea laevigata Ach. (Lecanora sophodes v.) = Rinodina archaea laevigata H.Magn. (Rinodina pruinella f.) = Rinodina pruinella laevigata H.Magn. (Rinodina sophodes v.) = Rinodina sophodes laevigata (Nyl.) Arnold [non (Th.Fr.) Anzi] (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria trachythallina laevigata (Pers.) Trevis. (Pyrenula alba v.) = Pyrenula laevigata laevigata Pers. (Verrucaria) = Pyrenula laevigata laevigata (Sm.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Hypotrachyna laevigata laevigata (Th.Fr.) Anzi [non (Nyl.) Arnold] (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria alpina laevigata Th.Fr. (Pertusaria leioplaca v.) = Pertusaria alpina laevigatula (Nyl.) Parrique [non Nyl.] (Parmelia) = Melanelia laciniatula laevigatum auct. [non Ach.] (Nephroma) = Nephroma bellum laevigatus Sm. (Lichen) = Hypotrachyna laevigata laevis Bystrek (Alectoria sarmentosa v.) = Alectoria sarmentosa laevis Nyl. (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia saxatilis laevis Poelt (Lecanora) = Lecanora horiza laevis (Schaer.) Du Rietz (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria laevis laevis (Schaer.) Llano (Agyrophora) = Umbilicaria laevis laevis Schaer. (Gyrophora atropruinosa v.) = Umbilicaria laevis lagascae (Ach.) Duby (Squamaria) = Squamarina lamarckii lagascae (Ach.) Fr. (Parmelia) = Squamarina lamarckii lagascae (Ach.) Körb. (Psoroma) = Squamarina lamarckii lagascae Ach. (Lecanora) = Squamarina lamarckii lagostana Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pruinosa lainea (Ach.) Clauzade & Ozenda (Buellia) = Diplotomma alboatrum lallavei ([Clemente ex] Ach.) A.Massal. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca erythrocarpa lallavei ([Clemente ex] Ach.) Anzi (Placodium) = Caloplaca erythrocarpa lallavei ([Clemente ex] Ach.) Flagey (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca erythrocarpa lallavei ([Clemente ex] Ach.) Trevis. (Kuttlingeria) = Caloplaca erythrocarpa lamarckii (DC.) Rabenh. (Lecanora) = Squamarina lamarckii lamarckii (DC.) Th.Fr. (Placodium) = Squamarina lamarckii lamarckii (DC.) A.Massal. (Psoroma) = Squamarina lamarckii lamarckii DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Urceolaria) = Squamarina lamarckii lamarckii Nyl. (Cladonia) = Cladonia ramulosa lamprocheila (DC.) Arnold (Blastenia) = Caloplaca arenaria lamprocheila (DC.) Flagey (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca arenaria lamprocheila (DC.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca arenaria lamprophora (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Fritzea lamprophora (Körb.) Stein lanata (L.) DC. (Cornicularia) = Ephebe lanata lanata (L.) Nyl. (Parmelia) = Ephebe lanata lanata (Neck.) Ach. (Cornicularia) = Pseudephebe pubescens lanata (Neck.) Fr. (Parmelia stygia v.) = Pseudephebe pubescens lanata (Neck.) Nyl. (Alectoria) = Pseudephebe pubescens lanata (Neck.) Wallr. (Parmelia) = Pseudephebe pubescens lanatus L. (Lichen) = Ephebe lanata lanciformis Motyka (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea landroënsis Zopf (Ramalina) = Ramalina sinensis lanea auct.eur.septentr. (Alectoria) = Bryoria nitidula (Th.Fr.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. lanea ([Ehrh. ex] Hoffm.) Vain. (Alectoria) = Pseudephebe pubescens lanestris (Ach.) Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria lanestris lanestris (Ach.) Gyeln. (Bryopogon) = Bryoria lanestris lanestris Ach. (Alectoria jubata v.) = Bryoria lanestris langhensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. lanuginosa (Ach.) Hue (Crocynia) = Leproloma membranaceum lanuginosa (Ach.) Körb. (Pannaria) = Leproloma membranaceum PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS lanuginosa auct. (Pannaria) = Pannaria conoplea lanuginosa auct. [non (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.] (Pannaria rubiginosa v.) = Pannaria conoplea lanuginosum (Ach.) Müll.Arg. (Psoroma) = Leproloma membranaceum lanuginosum (Ach.) Nyl. (Amphiloma) = Leproloma membranaceum lanuginosum (Ach.) Nyl. (Leproloma) = Leproloma membranaceum lapicida A.Massal. (Rhizocarpon petraeum v.) = Rhizocarpon petraeum lapicida (Ach.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida lapicida Ach. (Lichen) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida lapidicola Taylor [in J.Mackay] (Lecidea) = Arthonia lapidicola lapidicola (Taylor) Zahlbr. (Allarthonia) = Arthonia lapidicola lapieana de Lesd. (Pertusaria) = Megaspora verrucosa v. mutabilis lapillicola Vain. (Lecidea) = Micarea lapillicola lapillorum (Vain.) Vain. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum lapponica [Ach. ex] Schaer. (Lecidea) = Polysporina lapponica lapponica Nyl. (Ephebe) = Ephebe lanata lapponica (Schaer.) Th.Fr. (Acarospora) = Polysporina lapponica lapponicum Räsänen (Haematomma) = Ophioparma lapponicum (Räsänen) Hafellner & R.W.Rogers lapponina Anzi (Arthopyrenia) = Arthopyrenia analepta lapponum De Not. (Sphaerella) = Arthopyrenia analepta lapuënsis (Vain.) Coppins (Ochrolechia frigida f.) = Ochrolechia frigida lapuënsis (Vain.) Räsänen (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia frigida laqueata (Stizenb.) Stizenb. (Lecanora) = Acarospora laqueata larbalestieri (A.L.Sm.) A.L.Sm. (Clathrophorina) = Chromatochlamys larbalestieri larbalestieri A.L.Sm. (Microglaena) = Chromatochlamys larbalestieri larbalestieri Cromb. (Lecidea) = Bacidina arnoldiana larbalestieri Leight. (Lithographa) = Lecidella asema larbalestieri Leight. (Verrucaria) = Endococcus rugulosus/F lariana (A.Massal.) Anzi (Sagedia) = Thelidium papulare larianum A.Massal. (Thelidium) = Thelidium papulare laricicola Motyka (Usnea hirta ssp.) = Usnea hirta laricicola Nyl. (Xylographa) = Xylographa parallela laricina auct. p.p. [non Räsänen] (Usnea) = Usnea lapponica laricina [Vain. ex] Räsänen [non auct.] (Usnea) = Usnea glabrescens laricis Anzi (Arthopyrenia punctiformis f.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis laricis (Lahm) Grummann (Leptorhaphis atomaria f.) = Leptorhaphis laricis (Lahm) BA.Aguirre/F larvata (Müll.Arg.) H.Magn. (Acarospora cervina f.) = Acarospora laqueata ? lasiella Stirt. (Pannaria) = Parmeliella triptophylla\ latebrarum (Ach.) [Ach. ex] Sm. (Lepraria) = Lecanactis latebrarum latebrarum (Ach.) Hue (Crocynia) = Lecanactis latebrarum latebrarum Ach. (Lichen) = Lecanactis latebrarum latebrosa (Bagl. & Carestia) (Polyblastia) = ? latebrosoides Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. latens Taylor (Lecidea) = Micarea tuberculata latericola J.Steiner (Biatorella) = Sarcogyne latericola (J.Steiner) J.Steiner [in H.Magn.] lateritia Anders (Biatora granulosa v.) = Trapeliopsis granulosa latifolia Anzi (Imbricaria sinuosa v.) = Hypotrachyna revoluta 120 latispora Lynge (Caloplaca fraudans f.) = Caloplaca latispora (Lynge) H.Magn. latypea Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecidea plana latypea auct. p.p. [non Ach.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella asema latypea auct. p.p. [non Ach.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica latypiza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica latypizella Nádv. (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica latzelii (Zahlbr.) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Neocatapyrenium latzelii (Zahlbr.) Breuss latzelii Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Neocatapyrenium latzelii (Zahlbr.) Breuss laurensii (de Lesd.) Croz. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia coronata laurensii de Lesd. (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia coronata laureri [Flot.ex] Körb. (Biatora) = Lecidea subgranatina Mig. laureri Flot. (Sphaeropsis) = Thelocarpon laureri laureri [Hepp ex] Th.Fr. (Catillaria) = Megalaria laureri laureri Hepp (Biatora) = Lecidella laureri laureri (Hepp) Anzi (Lecidea) = Lecidella laureri laureri (Hepp) Vain. (Lecidea euphorea v.) = Lecidella laureri laureri (Körb.) Arnold (Lethagrium) = Collema undulatum laureri (Körb.) Boistel (Collema aggregatum v.) = Collema undulatum laureri (Körb.) Flot. (Collema) = Collema undulatum laureri (Kremp.) A.Massal. (Platysma) = Tuckneraria laureri laureri (Kremp.) Kurok. (Nephromopsis) = Tuckneraria laureri laureri (Kremp.) Randlane & Thell (Tuckneraria) = Tuckneraria laureri laureri Kremp. (Cetraria) = Tuckneraria laureri laureri [Sw. ex] Körb. (Synechoblastus) = Collema undulatum laureri (Th.Fr.) Degel. (Catinaria) = Megalaria laureri lauricassiae auct.eur. [non (Fée) Müll.Arg.] (Buellia) = Buellia triseptata lauri Trevis. (Mannia) = Buellia triseptata laurocerasi [Delise ex] Duby (Patellaria) = Bacidia laurocerasi laurocerasi (Duby) Vain. (Bacidia subacerina ssp.) = Bacidia laurocerasi lavanea (A.Massal.) Bagl. (Rinodina lecanorina v.) = Rinodina trachytica lavanea A.Massal. (Mischoblastia lecanorina v.) = Rinodina trachytica lavata (Fr.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon lavatum lavata Fr. (Lecidea atroalba v.) = Rhizocarpon lavatum lavatum (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon obscuratum f.) = Rhizocarpon lavatum lavicola (J.Steiner) H.Mayrhofer (Rinodina subglaucescens v.) = Rinodina beccariana v. lavicola lavicola J.Steiner (Rinodina) = Rinodina beccariana v. lavicola laxa H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina olivaceobrunnea laxata Hillmann (Parmelia incurva v.) = Arctoparmelia incurva laxiuscula auct. (Cladonia) = Cladonia portentosa laxiuscula (Delise) Sandst. (Cladonia) = Cladonia ciliata laxula H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia laxula (H.Magn.) Brodo laxula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea lutulata laxum Frey (Stereocaulon spissum v.) = Stereocaulon evolutum Graewe [in Th.Fr.] laxus Turner & Borrer (Sphaerophorus coralloides v.) = Sphaerophorus globosus lecanactis (A.Massal.) Arnold (Lecidea lapicida f.) = Lecidea lithophila lecanactis A.Massal. (Lecidea silacea v.) = Lecidea lithophila lecanorae Stein [in Cohn] (Thrombium) = Zwackhiomyces lecanorae (Stein) Nik.Hoffm. & Hafellner/F lecanora Flörke (Lecidea atrovirens v.) = Rhizocarpon lecanorinum lecanora (Flörke) Lynge [comb.inval.] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon lecanorinum 121 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms lecanora (Flörke) Nyl. (Lecidea geographica v.) = Rhizocarpon lecanorinum lecanorea Anzi (Squamaria chrysoleuca v.) = Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans ? lecanorina (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rinodina lecanorina lecanorina (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Rinodina lecanorina lecanorina A.Massal. (Anaptychia obscura v.) = Hyperphyscia adglutinata lecanorina A.Massal. (Mischoblastia) = Rinodina lecanorina lecanorina Almq. (Arthonia vagans v.) = Arthonia clemens lecanorina (Anzi) Anzi (Gyalolechia) = Halecania lecanorina lecanorina (Anzi) H.Olivier (Toninia) = Halecania lecanorina lecanorina (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Lecania) = Halecania lecanorina lecanorina Gyeln. (Pannaria microphylla f.) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea lecanorinum (Anders) Jatta (Diplotomma geographicum f.) = Rhizocarpon lecanorinum lecanorinum Anzi (Thalloidima) = Halecania lecanorina lecanorodes Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria hymenea lecanoroides Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. lecanorum (Flörke) A.Massal. (Rhizocarpon geographicum v.) = Rhizocarpon lecanorinum lecideina A.Massal. (Biatorina proteiformis v.) = Lecania turicensis lecideina A.Massal. (Rinodina leprosa v.) = Rinodina pityrea lecideina (Müll.Arg.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca variabilis v.) = Caloplaca diphyodes lecideina (Nyl.) Boistel (Rinodina bischoffii f.) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii lecideina Nyl. (Rinodina sophodes v.) = Rinodina archaea lecideina Nyl. (Trachylia) = Cyphelium lecideinum lecideinum (Fr.) Zahlbr. (Schismatomma abietinum f.) = Lecanactis abietina lecideinum (Müll.Arg.) Szatala (Placodium variabile v.) = Caloplaca diphyodes lecideinum Müll.Arg. (Callopisma variabile v.) = Caloplaca diphyodes lecidella Poelt (Lecanora) = Lecanora agardhiana ssp. sapaudica v. lecidella (Poelt) Leuckert & Poelt lecidella (Poelt) Leuckert & Poelt (Lecanora agardhiana ssp. sapaudica v.) = Lecanora agardhiana ssp. sapaudica lecideoidea (Hue) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia lecideoidea Hue lecideoides A.Massal. (Thrombium) = Verrucaria lecideoides lecideoides (Hazsl.) Th.Fr. (Bilimbia) = Bacidia vermifera lecideoides (Nyl.) Arnold (Rinodina exigua v.) = Rinodina archaea lecideoides (Nyl.) Harm. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pseudistera lecideoides (Nyl.) Kernst. (Rinodina) = Rinodina archaea lecideoides Nyl. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora lecideoides lecideoides Th.Fr. (Arthonia) = Arthonia arthonioides lecideola (Bagl.) Jatta (Lecidea) = ? lecideopsis A.Massal. (Gyalecta) = Gyalidea lecideopsis lecideotropa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata lecideotropa Nyl. (Lecanora confragosa v.) = Rinodina oxydata lecidina Körb. (Aspicilia tenebrosa v.) = Schaereria fuscocinerea lecidotropoides Stizenb. [nom.nud.] (Lecanora subconfragosa v.) = Rinodina rinodinoides lectissima (Fr.) Arnold (Segestria) = Porina lectissima lectissima Fr. (Segestrella) = Porina lectissima lehriana Erichsen (Bacidia) = Bacidina chloroticula leightoniana ([Larbal. ex] Leight.) H.Olivier (Bacidia) = Bacidia arceutina leightonii (A.Massal.) Garov. (Melanotheca) = Tomasellia gelatinosa leightonii A.Massal. (Tomasellia) = Tomasellia gelatinosa leightonii A.Massal. [non Hepp] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria viridula leightonii [Cromb. ex] Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha mougeotii leightonii Hepp [non A.Massal.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria margacea leightonii M.Choisy (Thelidium) = Thelidium decipiens leightonii Zahlbr. (Microthelia) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii leiocarpa (DC.) Du Rietz (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria leiocarpa leiocarpa (DC.) Gyeln. (Agyrophora) = Umbilicaria leiocarpa leioplaca Ach. [nom.illegit.] (Porina) = Pertusaria leioplaca leioplacoides (Vain.) Vain. (Sagiolechia) = Sagiolechia protuberans leioplacoides Vain. (Verrucaria) = Sagiolechia protuberans leiopoga Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea rigida leiospodium (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Leptotrema) = Thelotrema wightii (Taylor) Nyl. leiospodium Nyl. (Thelotrema) = Thelotrema wightii (Taylor) Nyl. leiotea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea lygaea leiotera (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Pertusaria pertusa v.) = Pertusaria pertusa leioterella Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria pertusa leiphaema (Ach.) Mérat (Lepra) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. ochroleucum leiphaemum (Ach.) Zopf (Haematomma) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. ochroleucum lenticulare (Ach.) Nyl. (Calicium quercinum v.) = Calicium lenticulare lenticulare sensu Nádv. (Calicium) = Calicium adspersum lenticularis (Ach.) Körb. (Biatorina) = Catillaria lenticularis lenticularis (Ach.) M.Choisy (Microlecia) = Catillaria lenticularis lenticularis Ach. (Lecidea) = Catillaria lenticularis lentiforme Schaer. (Chaenotheca chlorella v.) = Chaenotheca chlorella lentigera (Weber) Ach. (Lecanora) = Squamarina lentigera lentigera (Weber) DC. (Squamaria) = Squamarina lentigera lentigera (Weber) St. Amans (Lecanora crassa v.) = Squamarina lentigera lentigera (Weber) Tornab. (Gasparrinia) = Squamarina lentigera lentigerum (Weber) A.Massal. (Psoroma) = Squamarina lentigera lentigerum (Weber) Gray (Placodium) = Squamarina lentigera lentigerus Weber (Lichen) = Squamarina lentigera lentisci Bagl. (Arthopyrenia persoonii f.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis leonina Anzi (Verrucaria) = Thelidium papulare lepadina (Ach.) A.Massal. (Volvaria) = Thelotrema lepadinum lepadina Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Lecidea confluens lepadina Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Lecidea confluens ? lepadinus Ach. (Lichen) = Thelotrema lepadinum lepidioides Vain. (Acarospora badiofusca v.) = Acarospora badiofusca lepidiota (Sommerf.) Anzi (Massalongia carnosa v.) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa lepidiota (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa lepidiota (Sommerf.) Vain. (Parmeliella) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS lepidiota Sommerf. (Lecidea carnosa v.) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa lepidophila (Anzi) Jatta (Buellia) = Arthonia lepidophila lepidophilum (Anzi) Arnold (Celidium) = Arthonia lepidophila lepidophilus Anzi (Abrothallus) = Arthonia lepidophila lepidophora [Nyl. ex] Vain. (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera lepidophora lepidora Ach. (Parmelia) = Psoroma hypnorum lepidota (Ach.) Nyl. [non auct.] (Cladonia) = Cladonia phyllophora lepidota auct. [non (Ach.) Nyl.] (Cladonia) = Cladonia stricta v. stricta leprariaeformis Flörke (Lecanora) = Hyperphyscia adglutinata leprarioides auct. [non Erichsen] (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia microstictoides leprarioides auct. p.max.p. [non Erichsen] (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia turneri leprarioides Erichsen [non auct.] (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria albescens leproloma R.Sant. [in Moberg] (Lecidea) = Protoparmelia leproloma leprosa A.Massal. (Bilimbia cuprea v.) = Lecania cuprea leprosa (Anzi) Forssell (Psorotichia) = ? leprosa (Bagl.) Stizenb. (Arthonia beccariana f.) = Arthonia beccariana leprosa Hillmann (Parmeliopsis ambigua v.) = Parmeliopsis ambigua leprosa Hillmann (Xanthoria candelaria v.) = Xanthoria candelaria leprosa P.James (Micarea) = Psilolechia leprosa leprosa Räsänen (Catillaria) = Cliostomum leprosum (Räsänen) Holien & Tønsberg leprosa (Schaerer) A.Massal. (Rinodina) = Rinodina colobina leprosescens Sandst. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia leprosescens (Sandst.) Hav. leprosolimbata Arnold (Psora atrobrunnea v.) = Lecidea leprosolimbata leprosolimbata (Arnold) Arnold (Lecidea atrobrunnea f.) = Lecidea leprosolimbata leprosula (Arnold) Harm. (Lecidea) = Biatora leprosula leprosula (Th.Fr.) H.Olivier (Bilimbia) = Micarea leprosula (Th.Fr.) Coppins & A.Flechter leprosula (Th.Fr.) Lettau (Bacidia) = Micarea leprosula (Th.Fr.) Coppins & A.Flechter leprosula Th.Fr. (Bilimbia milliaria v.) = Micarea leprosula (Th.Fr.) Coppins & A.Flechter leprosum Bagl. (Arthothelium beccarianum v.) = Arthonia beccariana leptacina (Sommerf.) Stizenb. (Lecanora intricata v.) = Lecanora leptacina leptalea (Durieu & Mont.) R.C.Harris (Segestria) = Porina leptalea leptalea Durieu & Mont. [in Durieu] (Biatora) = Porina leptalea leptoboloides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea laboriosa Müll.Arg. leptocarpa Anzi (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria carneopallida leptocline Flot. (Lecidea) = Buellia leptocline leptoclinoides (Nyl.) Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer (Hafellia) = Buellia leptoclinoides leptoclinoides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia leptoclinoides leptoderma auct. (Peltigera) = Peltigera didactyla leptogioides auct. p.p. [non Anzi] (Collema) = Collema parvum leptogiophila [Minks ex] G.Winter (Leptorhaphis) = Myxophora leptogiophila (G.Winter) Nik.Hoffm. & Hafellner/F 122 leptolepis (Bagl. & Carestia) Arnold (Karschia) = Buellia leptolepis leptolepis (Bagl. & Carestia) Keissl. (Karschia saxatilis f.) = Buellia leptolepis leptophylla (Ach.) Flörke (Cladonia) = Cladonia peziziformis leptophylla (Ach.) Hepp (Cladonia cariosa v.) = Cladonia peziziformis leptophylloides Nyl. (Endocarpon) = Dermatocarpon leptophylloides leptophyllum (Ach.) A.Massal. (Placidium) = Dermatocarpon leptophyllum (Ach.) G.Lang leptophyllum Ach. (Endocarpon) = Dermatocarpon leptophyllum (Ach.) G.Lang leptosperma (Anzi) Lettau (Bacidia) = ? leptosperma (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg. (Phylloporina) = Porina leptosperma leptospora [Nitschke ex] J.Lahm (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria multipuncta leptospora (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Porina borreri v.) = Porina borreri leptospora (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Porina) = Porina borreri leptospora (Nyl.) Keissler (Porina olivacea v.) = Porina borreri leptospora Werner & M.Choisy (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha vermicellifera leptostigma (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Geltingia associata/F leptotera (Nyl.) Arnold [non auct.] (Arthopyrenia) = Stigmidium marinum (Deakin) Swinscow/F leptothallina (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia nigricans leptyrodes auct. p.p. (Lecanora) = Lecanora subcarpinea leptyrodes Nyl. (Lecanora angulosa v.) = Lecanora leptyrodes lesdainii (A.L.Sm.) H.Magn. (Acarospora smaragdula v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. lesdainii lesdainii (Harm.) Tav. (Microglaena) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. muscorum lesdainii (Harm.) Zahlbr. [comb.inval.] (Microglaena) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. muscorum lesdainii [Harm. ex] A.L.Sm. (Acarospora) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. lesdainii lesdainii Harm. (Verrucaria) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. muscorum lesdainii Hue (Crocynia) = Lepraria lesdainii lesdainii (Hue) Canals, Hernan.-Mariné, Gomez-Bolea & Llimona (Botryolepraria) = Lepraria lesdainii leucaspis (Ach.) Opiz (Variolaria) = Pertusaria albescens leucaspis [Kremp. ex] A.Massal. (Secoliga) = Gyalecta leucaspis leucina (Nyl.) A.Massal. (Enterographa) = Sclerophyton circumscriptum leucinum Nyl. (Stigmatidium) = Sclerophyton circumscriptum leucitica Schaer (Lecidea confluens v.) = Lecidea confluens ? leucitica (Schaer.) Arnold (Lecidea) = Lecidea confluens ? leucoblephara Nyl. [in Triana & Planch.] (Lecidea) = Byssoloma leucoblepharum leucocephala (Ach.) Fr. (Pyrenothea) = Lecanactis abietina leucocephala (Wallr.) Schaer. (Conyocybe pallida v.) = Sclerophora nivea leucocheila (A.Massal.) Hillmann (Parmelia verruculifera v.) = Neofuscelia verruculifera leucocheila A.Massal. (Parmelia olivacea v.) = Neofuscelia verruculifera leucochlora (Flot.) Mudd (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia sulcata leucochlora Flot. (Imbricaria saxatilis v.) = Parmelia sulcata leucochroa (Flot.) Mudd (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia sulcata 123 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms leucochroa Wallr. (Parmelia diffusa v.) = Parmeliopsis hyperopta leucococca (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora polytropa v.) = Lecanora leucococca Sommerf. leucoderma Anzi (Zeora) = Protoblastenia calva ? leucoderma (Anzi) Stizenb. (Lecanora) = Protoblastenia calva ? leucodontis (Poelt & Döbbeler) Coppins (Arthonia) = Arthonia muscigena leucodontis Poelt & Döbbeler (Bryostigma) = Arthonia muscigena leucogaea (Ach.) R.Sant. (Lecanora rupicola v.) = Lecanora swartzii ssp. swartzii leucoleiptes auct.eur. [non (Tuck.) Lettau] (Physcia) = Physconia enteroxantha leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Lettau (Physcia) = Physconia detersa leucoleiptes Tuck. (Parmelia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia detersa leucolepis (Wahlenb.) Nyl. (Pannaria) = Pannaria hookeri leucoloma Müll.Arg. (Blastenia melanocarpa v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder leucomelaena auct. (Anaptychia) = Heterodermia leucomelos leucomelaena (Vain.) Vain. (Lecidea) = Calvitimela testaceoatra (Vain.) Hafellner & Türk leucomela (L.) A.Massal. (Anaptychia) = Heterodermia leucomelos leucomela (L.) Mich. (Physcia) = Heterodermia leucomelos leucomelas Müll.Arg. (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina dubyana leucomelos L. (Lichen) = Heterodermia leucomelos leucopellaea (Ach.) Eitner (Trachylia) = Arthonia leucopellaea leucopellaeum Ach. (Spiloma melaleucum v.) = Arthonia leucopellaea leucophaea Abbayes (Cladonia) = Cladonia ciliata v. ciliata leucophaea (Abbayes) Ahti (Cladonia tenuis v.) = Cladonia ciliata v. ciliata leucophaea (Abbayes) Hale & W.L.Culb. (Cladina) = Cladonia ciliata v. ciliata leucophaea [Flörke ex] Rabenh. (Biatora) = Miriquidica leucophaea leucophaea (Rabenh.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica leucophaea leucophaea (Vahl) M.Jørg. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea leucophaeoides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica lulensis (Hellb.) Hertel & Rambold leucophaeopsis (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis (Nyl.) P.James & Purvis leucophaeopsis (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Toninia) = Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis (Nyl.) P.James & Purvis leucophaeus Vahl (Lichen) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea leucophlebia Nyl. (Peltigera aphthosa v.) = Peltigera leucophlebia leucophyma (Leight.) Hue (Aspicilia) = Koerberiella wimmeriana leucophyma (Leight.) Riedl (Perspicinora) = Koerberiella wimmeriana leucophyma Leight. (Lecanora) = Koerberiella wimmeriana leucoplaca auct. (Catillaria) = Megalaria grossa leucoplaca auct. (Catinaria) = Megalaria grossa leucoplaca (Wallr.) Körb. (Pyrenula) = Eopyrenula leucoplaca leucoplaca (Wallr.) Vain. (Leptosphaeria) = Eopyrenula leucoplaca leucoplaca Wallr. (Verrucaria) = Eopyrenula leucoplaca leucoplacum (Wallr.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Eopyrenula leucoplaca leucopus Vain. (Strongylopsis) = Microcalicium disseminatum leucoraea (Ach.) Branth (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca sinapisperma leucoraea (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca sinapisperma leucoraeum (Ach.) Bagl. & Carestia (Callopisma) = Caloplaca sinapisperma leucorrhiza [Flörke ex] Hepp (Peltidea) = Peltigera canina leucorrhiza (Hepp) Flörke (Peltigera) = Peltigera canina leucosora Nyl. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria aspergilla leucospeirea (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Lecania) = Solenopsora vulturiensis leucospeirea Nyl. (Lecanora) = Solenopsora vulturiensis leucospeireum (Nyl.) Arnold (Thalloidima) = Solenopsora vulturiensis leucospila Anzi (Lecidea) = Cephalophysis leucospila leucosticta (Tuck.) Nyl. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria leucosticta leucosticta Tuck. [in Darl.] (Parmelia) = Fuscopannaria leucosticta leucostoma (Bernh.) A.Massal. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria leioplaca leucostoma (Bernh.) Ach. (Porina) = Pertusaria leioplaca leucostoma (Bernh.) Anzi (Pertusaria leioplaca v.) = Pertusaria leioplaca leucostoma Bernh. (Sphaeria) = Pertusaria leioplaca leucostoma H.Magn. [nom.nud.] (Lecanora) = Aspicilia supertegens leucothelia (Nyl.) Arnold (Microglaena) = Protothelenella leucothelia leucothelia Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Protothelenella leucothelia leucothelioides (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Microglaena) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. muscorum leucothelius (Nyl.) Anzi (Dactyloblastus) = Protothelenella leucothelia leucotica Nyl. (Verrucaria chlorotica ssp.) = Porina linearis leucotis A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. lichenicola Fuckel (Ahlesia) = Thelocarpon lichenicola lichenicola (Mont. & Fr.) Vain. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes muscorum lichenicola Mont. & Fr. (Stictis) = Diploschistes muscorum lichenicola Petr. (Pleurosticta) = Pleurosticta acetabulum lichenicolum (Mont. & Fr.) Sacc. (Melittiosporum) = Diploschistes muscorum lichenodeum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Schizoma) = Lempholemma radiatum (Sommerf.) Henssen lichenodeum Nyl. (Collema) = Lempholemma radiatum (Sommerf.) Henssen lichenoides (L.) Schumach. [nom.rejic.] (Calicium) = Calicium salicinum lichenoides L. (Tremella) = Leptogium lichenoides lichenoides Pers. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia lichenopsis A.Massal. (Sphaeria) = Requienella lichenopsis lichenum Sommerf. (Dothidea) = Diploschistes muscorum ligans (Nyl.) Hafellner & Türk (Farnoldia hypocrita v.) = Farnoldia hypocrita ligans (Nyl.) Hertel (Lecidea emergens v.) = Farnoldia hypocrita ligans (Nyl.) Hertel (Lecidea hypocrita v.) = Farnoldia hypocrita ligans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia hypocrita ligerinum Hy (Collema pulposum v.) = Collema ligerinum lightfootii (Sm.) H.Olivier (Catillaria) = Fuscidea lightfootii (Sm.) Coppins & P.James lightfootii (Sm.) Körb. (Biatorina) = Fuscidea lightfootii (Sm.) Coppins & P.James lignaria (Ach.) A.Massal. (Bilimbia) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria lignaria (Ach.) Lettau (Bacidia) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria lignaria Ach. (Lecidea) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS lignaria Flot. (Bilimbia sphaeroides v.) = Bacidia bagliettoana lignaria (Körb.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea betulicola (Kullh.) H.Magn. ligniaria (Körb.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea betulicola (Kullh.) H.Magn. lignicola [Anzi ex] Arnold (Buellia punctata f.) = Amandinea punctata lignicola Anzi (Aspicilia gibbosa f.) = Aspicilia lignicola lignicola (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia lignicola lignicola Leight. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra lignicola (Nádv.) A.Schmidt (Chaenothecopsis) = Chaenothecopsis pusiola lignicolum Nádv. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis pusiola lignyota Wahlenb. [in Ach.] (Verrucaria) = Thelignya lignyota ligurica Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria sp. ligurica Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura ? liguriensis de Lesd. (Buellia) = Buellia spuria liguriensis de Lesd. (Lecanora) = Lecanora salina liguriensis H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Carbonea latypizoides liguriensis Vĕzda (Gyalecta truncigena v.) = Gyalecta liguriensis ligustica (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Acrocordia conoidea ligustica (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Arthopyrenia) = Acrocordia conoidea ligustica A.Massal. (Acrocordia) = Acrocordia conoidea ligustica de Lesd. (Catillaria) = Toninia philippea ligustica de Lesd. (Psora) = Glyphopeltis ligustica ligustica Gyeln. (Parmelia isidiigera f.) = Xanthoparmelia verrucigera ligustica Rabenh. (Rinodina turfacea f.) = Rinodina intermedia ligusticum De Not. (Cliostomum) = Melaspilea urceolata ? lilacina (A.Massal.) Jatta (Caloplaca variabilis v.) = Caloplaca chalybaea lilacina A.Massal. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rufescens lilacina A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria pinguicula ? lilacina (Ach.) Körb. (Arthonia) = Arthonia cinereopruinosa lilacina Ach. (Lecidea dryina v.) = Bactrospora dryina lilacina Arnold (Parmelia pulverulenta f.) = Physconia grisea ssp. lilacina lilacina (Arnold) Nádv. (Physcia grisea v.) = Physconia grisea ssp. lilacina lilacina (Arnold) Poelt (Physcia) = Physconia grisea ssp. lilacina lilacina Zschacke (Porina) = Lithothelium triseptatum lilacinum (A.Massal.) Müll.Arg. (Callopisma variabile v.) = Caloplaca chalybaea liljenstroemii Du Rietz (Lecidea) = Miriquidica nigroleprosa v. liljenstroemii lillei de Lesd. (Arthonia) = Catillaria lenticularis lillei de Lesd. (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia calcarea ? limbata [Delise ex] Hepp (Peltigera) = Peltigera collina limbata (Sm.) Nyl. (Stictina) = Sticta limbata limbata (Sommerf.) Torss. (Solorina saccata v.) = Solorina spongiosa limbatus Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Lichen) = Sticta limbata limborina (Nyl.) Lamy (Lecidea) = Rimularia limborina limborioides (A.Massal.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa limborioides limitata auct. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma limitata auct. [non Scop.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma limitata (Kremp.) Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria cyanea limitata Kremp. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria cyanea limitata Opiz (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra limitata (Pers.) Ach. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta limitatum (Kremp.) Servít (Thelidium) = Verrucaria cyanea 124 limitosa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca limitosa limosa (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Collema limosum limosus Ach. (Lichen) = Collema limosum limprichtii Stein (Psora) = Porpidia glaucophaea lindsayanum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geographicum lindsayanum (Räsänen) J.W.Thomson (Rhizocarpon riparium ssp.) = Rhizocarpon geographicum lindsayi Walt.Watson (Aspicilia) = Lecanora rupicola lineare (Leight.) R.C.Harris (Trichothelium) = Porina linearis lineare (Leight.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Porina linearis linearis (Leight.) A.L.Sm. (Porina chlorotica v.) = Porina linearis linearis (Leight.) Hafellner & Kalb (Pseudosagedia) = Porina linearis linearis Leight. (Verrucaria) = Porina linearis linita Ach. (Sticta) = Lobaria linita linitae R.Sant. (Arthonia) = Plectocarpon linitae (R.Sant.) Wedin & Hafellner/F liparia Ach. (Lecanora) = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma liparina (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Solenopsora cesatii f.) = Solenopsora cesatii v. grisea liparina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Solenopsora) = Solenopsora cesatii v. grisea liparina Nyl. (Lecanora) = Solenopsora cesatii v. grisea lipseri Klem. (Lecidea) = Lecidea variegatula Nyl. lisbonensis (Samp.) Werner (Buellia) = Lecanora lisbonensis lismorense Nyl. [in Cromb.] (Pterygium) = Placynthium lismorense literella (Pers.) Ach. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta lithina sensu Zahlbr. (Staurothele) = Staurothele fissa lithinella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea lithinella (Nyl.) Hedl. lithophila (Ach.) Arnold (Lecidella) = Lecidea lithophila lithophila (Ach.) Torss. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Lecidea lithophila lithophila Ach. (Lecidea lapicida v.) = Lecidea lithophila lithophila Bagl. (Lecanora straminella v.) = Lecanora sp. lithophila (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca tenuatula v.) = Caloplaca holocarpa lithophila H.Magn. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca holocarpa lithophila (Wallr.) Flot. (Lecanora hagenii v.) = Lecanora hagenii ? lithophiliza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lithophila lithophiloides (Müll.Arg.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecidea swartzioidea v.) = Lecidea swartzioidea lithophiloides Müll.Arg. [non Nyl.] (Lecidea) = Lecidea swartzioidea lithophiloides Nyl. [nom.illegit.] (Lecidea) = Lecidea laboriosa Müll.Arg. lithophilopsis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea laboriosa Müll.Arg. lithospersa Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia hypocrita lithospersum (Zahlbr.) M.Choisy (Haplocarpon) = Farnoldia hypocrita lithotea auct. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia sciastra lithotodes Nyl. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia endococcina lithyrga sensu Fr. [non Ach.] (Lecidea) = Farnoldia hypocrita lithyrgoides Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha lithyrga litorale auct. (Thelidium) = Pyrenocollema halodytes ? litoralis auct. (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema halodytes ? litoralis Erichsen (Buellia punctata f.) = Amandinea lecideina litoralis Hakul. (Candelariella) = Candelariella aurella littoralis (Vain.) Hue (Aspicilia) = Koerberiella wimmeriana littoralis (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Koerberiella wimmeriana littoralis Vain. (Pertusaria) = Koerberiella wimmeriana 125 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms littorella auct. brit. p.p. (Biatorina) = Lecania hutchinsiae (Nyl.) A.L.Sm littorella (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Fellhanera bouteillei littorella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Fellhanera bouteillei littorella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Fellhanera bouteillei livescens (Leight.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Lecidea fuscoatra livescens Leight. (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuscoatra livida (Bagl. & Carestia) Lettau (Bacidia) = Caloplaca nivalis livida Bagl. & Carestia (Bilimbia) = Caloplaca nivalis livida Chevall. (Opegrapha dispersa v.) = Arthonia dispersa livida (De Not.) Jatta (Xanthoria parietina f.) = Xanthoria parietina livida De Not. (Physcia parietina v.) = Xanthoria parietina livida Mudd (Phialopsis) = Megalaria laureri livida (Mudd) Zahlbr. (Gyalecta) = Megalaria laureri lividescens Bagl. & Carestia (Buellia triphragmioides v.) = Diplotomma triphragmioides lividoatra (Vain.) Vain. (Lecidea albocaerulescens f.) = Porpidia glaucophaea lividum Hepp (Placodium) = Caloplaca livida lividum (Hepp) Körb. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca livida lividum Werner (Schismatomma zaborskianum v.) = Enterographa zaborskiana ? llimonae Hertel, Egea & Poelt [in Nimis & Poelt] (Xanthopsorella) = Glyphopeltis ligustica lobariella (Nyl.) Arnold (Buellia) = Dactylospora lobariella (Nyl.) Hafellner/F lobariella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Dactylospora lobariella (Nyl.) Hafellner/F lobarina Zahlbr. (Parmelia) = Flavopunctelia flaventior lobata Flörke (Lecanactis) = Arthonia endlicheri lobata (Flörke) A.Massal. (Arthonia) = Arthonia endlicheri lobatoplicata de Lesd. (Psora) = Heppia lobatoplicata (de Lesd.) Timdal ined. lobificans (Nyl.) Boistel (Leproloma) = Lepraria lobificans lobificans (Nyl.) Hue (Crocynia) = Lepraria lobificans lobulata Anzi (Aspicilia calcarea v. concreta f.) = Aspicilia verruculosa lobulata auct. [non (Flörke) nec (Sommerf.)] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca marina lobulata Flörke (Lecanora) = Caloplaca lobulata lobulata (Flörke) de Lesd. (Xanthoria) = Caloplaca lobulata lobulata (Flörke) Fr. (Parmelia parietina v.) = Caloplaca lobulata lobulata (Flörke) Rabenh. (Xanthoria parietina v.) = Caloplaca lobulata lobulata Krog (Cetraria simmonsii v.) = Arctocetraria andrejevii (Oksner) Kärnefelt & Thell lobulata (Sommerf.) Hafellner (Mycobilimbia) = Myxobilimbia lobulata lobulata (Sommerf.) Lynge (Toninia) = Myxobilimbia lobulata lobulata Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Myxobilimbia lobulata lobulatum Flagey (Placodium) = Caloplaca marina locarnensis Frey [nom.illegit.] (Cladonia) = Cladonia cariosa locarnensis Zopf (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia pulla v. locarnensis (Zopf) Hafellner [in Hafellner & Türk] locarnensis (Zopf) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Parmelia pulla v.) = Neofuscelia pulla v. locarnensis (Zopf) Hafellner [in Hafellner & Türk] loitlesbergeri Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Psorinia conglomerata lojaconii (Müll.Arg.) Jatta (Pannaria) = Degelia plumbea lojaconii Müll.Arg. (Parmeliella) = Degelia plumbea lojkae Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. lojkana Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa lojkana Lahm (Biatorina) = Catillaria lenticularis lojkana (Lahm) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Catillaria lenticularis longiconida H.Magn. [nom.nud.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria arctica Lynge longipes (Flörke) Bab. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia fimbriata longispora P.Crouan & H.Crouan (Verrucaria) = Porina sp. ? lopadii Anzi (Celidium) = Merismatium nigritellum (Nyl.) Vouaux/F lopadii (Anzi) Jatta (Arthonia) = Merismatium nigritellum (Nyl.) Vouaux/F lopadii auct. p.p. [non Anzi] (Celidium) = Dactylospora deminuta (Th.Fr.) Triebel/F lopadioides (Th.Fr.) Grummann (Lecidea) = Ainioa mooreana lopadioides Th.Fr. (Biatora) = Ainioa mooreana lophaeum (Ach.) Cromb. (Leptogium) = Leptogium lichenoides lophaeum (Ach.) Körb. (Leptogium lacerum v.) = Leptogium lichenoides lophyra (Ach.) Fr. (Cladonia pyxidata v.) = Cladonia pyxidata lophyra Ach. (Peltidea horizontalis v.) = Peltigera elisabethae lorenzianum Anders (Dermatocarpon) = Dermatocarpon leptophylloides losii Nádv. (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia saxatilis lotharingiae Hue (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea lotum Bausch (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum loudiana Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica loxodes Nyl. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia loxodes lubens (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum lucida (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Psilolechia lucida lucida (Ach.) Fr. (Biatora) = Psilolechia lucida lucida (Körb.) Keissl. (Leptorhaphis tremulae v.) = Leptorhaphis lucida Körb./F lucida (Körb.) Müll.Arg. (Arthopyrenia) = Leptorhaphis lucida Körb./F lucida Th.Fr. (Trachylia) = Cyphelium lucidum lucidum (Th.Fr.) Rabenh. (Acolium) = Cyphelium lucidum lucidus Ach. (Lichen) = Psilolechia lucida luctuosa Anzi (Biatorina) = Lecania sp. ? luctuosa (Anzi) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Lecania sp. ? ludovicae Werner (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria microstictica ludwigii (Spreng.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Lecanora frustulosa ludwigii (Spreng.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora frustulosa v.) = Lecanora frustulosa luetkemuelleri (Zahlbr.) Vĕzda (Petractis) = Gyalecta luetkemuelleri luganensis Mereschk. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia chloantha lugubris (A.Massal.) Arnold (Psorotichia) = Psorotichia murorum ? lugubris A.Massal. (Stenhammara) = Psorotichia murorum ? lugubris (Fr.) Körb. (Schaereria) = Schaereria cinereorufa lugubris (Sommerf.) Körb. (Schaereria) = Ropalospora lugubris lugubris (Sommerf.) P.James & Purvis (Fuscidea) = Ropalospora lugubris lugubris (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Bilimbia) = Ropalospora lugubris lugubris (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Toninia) = Ropalospora lugubris lugubris (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Ropalospora lugubris lugubris Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Ropalospora lugubris luhankaensis Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidella scabra lulensis Hellb. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica lulensis (Hellb.) Hertel & Rambold lundensis (Fr.) Uloth (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia calcarea lundensis (Fr.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia calcarea lurida (Ach.) DC. (Psora) = Mycobilimbia lurida lurida (Ach.) Fr. (Biatora) = Mycobilimbia lurida lurida Ach. (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia lurida lurida Ach. [non auct.ital. p.p.] (Arthonia) = Arthonia spadicea lurida (Arnold) H.Olivier (Toninia) = Toninia physaroides PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS lurida (Arnold) Jatta (Biatorina) = Toninia physaroides lurida auct.ital. p.p. [non Ach.] (Arthonia) = Arthonia vinosa luridata Körb. (Buellia) = Rinodina luridata luridella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Microglaena) = Thelenella luridella (Nyl.) H.Mayrhofer luridella Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Thelenella luridella (Nyl.) H.Mayrhofer luridescens Anzi (Buellia) = Rinodina luridescens luridescens Körb. (Steinia) = Steinia geophana luridescens Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora admontensis luridula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia tirolensis luridum auct. [non (Ach.) Fr.] (Coniangium) = Arthonia vinosa luridum [Bagl. ex] Arnold (Thalloidima) = Toninia physaroides luridus With. (Lichen) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. luridum lusca (Nyl.) de Lesd. (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia laevata lusca Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia laevata lusitana (Nyl.) Krog (Xanthoparmelia) = Xanthoparmelia verrucigera lusitana Nyl. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia verrucigera lusitanica Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodina intermedia lusitanica H.Magn. (Rinodina sophodes v.) = Rinodina sophodes lusitanica J.Steiner (Buellia) = Buellia sardiniensis lusitanica Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon lusitanicum lusitanica Räsänen (Protoblastenia) = Pyrrhospora lusitanica (Räsänen) Hafellner lusitanica Samp. (Carlosia) = Thelomma siliceum lusitanica Samp. (Koerberia) = Koerberia sonomensis lusitanicum H.Magn. [in Tav.] (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon evolutum Graewe [in Th.Fr.] lusitanicum Schaer. (Nephroma) = Nephroma laevigatum lutea (Dicks.) [Borrer ex] Hook. (Lecidea) = Dimerella lutea lutea (Dicks.) Fr. (Gyalecta) = Dimerella lutea lutea (Dicks.) Körb. (Biatorina) = Dimerella lutea lutea (Dicks.) Zahlbr. (Microphiale) = Dimerella lutea luteella (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina arnoldii v.) = Catillaria minuta lutella Vain. (Lecanora xanthostigma v.) = Candelariella lutella luteoalba auct.ital. p.p. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca pyracea luteoalba (Turner) Arnold (Gyalolechia) = Caloplaca luteoalba luteoalba (Turner) Körb. (Biatorina) = Caloplaca luteoalba luteoalba (Turner) Lettau (Candelariella) = Caloplaca luteoalba luteoalbum (Turner) A.Massal. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca luteoalba luteoalbus Turner (Lichen) = Caloplaca luteoalba luteococcinea Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca subochracea v.) = Caloplaca subochracea luteola auct. (Bacidia) = Bacidia rubella luteola auct. (Biatora) = Bacidia rubella luteola auct. (Lecidea) = Bacidia rubella luteola [Mont. ex] De Not. (Alectoria) = Alectoria sarmentosa luteola (Schrad.) Th.Fr. (Bacidia rubella v.) = Bacidia rubella luteolilacina (J.Favre) D.M.Hend. (Omphalina) = Omphalina hudsoniana luteolilacina J.Favre (Omphalia) = Omphalina hudsoniana luteolus Schrad. [nom.illegit.] (Lichen) = Bacidia rubella luteonotata (J.Steiner) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Parmelia pulla ssp.) = Neofuscelia luteonotata luteonotata J.Steiner (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia luteonotata luteovitellina (Pilat & Nannf.) M.Lange (Omphalina) = Omphalina alpina luteovitellina Pilat & Nannf. (Omphalia) = Omphalina alpina lutescens Ach. (Lecanora) = Loxospora elatina lutescens Anzi (Buellia saxatilis v.) = Dactylospora saxatilis (Schaer.) Hafellner/F lutescens Anzi (Lecidea nivalis v.) = Farnoldia micropsis 126 lutescens Anzi (Psora spectabilis v.) = Calvitimela armeniaca lutescens (Anzi) Hertel (Farnoldia nivalis v.) = Farnoldia micropsis lutescens (Anzi) Jatta (Lecidea rhaetica v.) = Farnoldia micropsis lutescens (Hoffm.) Lamy [nom.illegit. non (Eschw.) Kremp.] (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria flavida lutescens (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. (Pertusaria wulfenii v.) = Pertusaria flavida luteum (Dicks.) Kalb & Lücking (Coenogonium) = Dimerella lutea luteus Dicks. (Lichen) = Dimerella lutea lutosa Ach. (Lecidea) = Toninia lutosa lutosa [Mont. ex] Schaer. (Lecidea) = Toninia philippea lutosa (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Catillaria) = Toninia philippea lutosa Zschacke (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia cupularis lutosum Ach. (Collema) = Heppia lutosa lutulata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea lutulata luxurians (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Gyrophora polyrrhiza f.) = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza luxurians Vain. (Parmeliella triptophylla f.) = Parmeliella triptophylla lychnea (Ach.) Th.Fr. [non auct. p.p.] (Xanthoria) = Xanthoria candelaria lydicum J.Steiner (Haematomma) = Haematomma nemetzii J.Steiner lyellii (Sm.) Ach. (Graphis) = Phaeographis lyellii lyellii Sm. (Opegrapha) = Phaeographis lyellii lygaea (Ach.) Arnold (Biatora) = Fuscidea lygaea lygaea (Ach.) Leight. (Lecidea kochiana v.) = Fuscidea lygaea lygaea Ach. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea lygaea lygaeoides (Anzi) Jatta (Lecidea) = ? lygaeoplaca Vain. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea lygaea lygodes Ach. (Calicium) = Calicium viride lykselensis H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. lyncea (Sm.) Fr. (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa lyncea lyncea (Sm.) Hook. (Opegrapha) = Lecanographa lyncea lynceola Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Micarea lynceola (Th.Fr.) Palice lynceus Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Lichen) = Lecanographa lyncea lyndsayi Walt.Watson (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia polychroma ? lyngaeana Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Adelolecia pilati lyngeana Zahlbr. [nom.nov. pro Lecidea subauriculata Lynge] = Adelolecia pilati lyngei Nádv. (Physcia) = Physcia dubia lyngeyi (Schol.) Llano (Agyrophora) = Umbilicaria leiocarpa macaronesica Ahti (Cladonia) = Cladonia mediterranea ? macedonica J.Steiner (Lecanora atra v.) = Tephromela atra maceriaecola de Lesd. (Lecanora) = Lecanora campestris maciformis Delile (Parmelia) = Ramalina maciformis mackenzie-lambii Erichsen (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria halizoa Leight. macrocarpa Å.E.Dahl (Pyrenopsis) = Euopsis pulvinata macrocarpa Anzi (Aspicilia cinereorufescens v.) = Bellemerea alpina macrocarpa (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca sp. macrocarpa Creveld (Ionaspis epulotica v.) = Lecanora umbrosa macrocarpa (DC.) A.Massal. (Lecidea flavocoerulescens v.) = Porpidia macrocarpa macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel (Huilia) = Porpidia macrocarpa macrocarpa (DC.) Steud. (Lecidea) = Porpidia macrocarpa macrocarpa DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Patellaria) = Porpidia macrocarpa macrocarpa de Lesd. (Lecania) = Lecania atrynoides 127 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms macrocarpa Franzoni & De Not. (Stereopeltis) = Sarcogyne clavus macrocarpa Jatta (Caloplaca ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca ammiospila macrocarpa Körb. (Acrocordia) = Anisomeridium macrocarpum (Körb.) V.Wirth/F macrocarpa (Pers.) Ach. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta macrocarpum (DC.) M.Choisy (Haplocarpon) = Porpidia macrocarpa macroceras Delise [in Duby] (Cenomyce gracilis v.) = Cladonia macroceras macroceras (Delise) Flot. (Cladonia gracilis v.) = Cladonia macroceras macrocyclos (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecanora muralis ssp.) = Lecanora macrocyclos macrocyclos H.Magn. (Lecanora muralis v.) = Lecanora macrocyclos macrolobata Gyeln. (Peltigera plittii v.) = Peltigera ponojensis macroloma (Körb.) N.S.Golubk. (Sarcogyne regularis v.) = Sarcogyne regularis ? macrophylla Flot. (Cladonia major v.) = Cladonia fimbriata macrophylla Rabenh. (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa macrophylla Schaer. (Cladonia ventricosa v.) = Cladonia macrophylla macrophylla Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Gypsoplaca macrophylla (Zahlbr.) Timdal macropsis Schaer. (Parmelia oreina v.) = Lecanora argopholis macrospora (A.Massal.) de Lesd. (Acrocordia conoidea v.) = Acrocordia macrospora macrospora de Lesd. (Microglaena) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. muscorum macrospora Degel. (Pyrenula nitida v.) = Pyrenula macrospora macrospora Eirner (Leptorhaphis quercus f.) = Cresporhaphis macrospora (Eitner) B.A.Aguirre macrospora Eitner (Leptorhaphis quercus v.) = Cresporhaphis macrospora (Eitner) B.M.Aguirre macrospora Erichsen (Opegrapha cinerea f.) = Opegrapha vulgata macrospora (Harm.) H.Olivier (Solorina bispora v.) = Solorina bispora ssp. macrospora macrospora Harm. (Solorina) = Solorina bispora ssp. macrospora macrospora Hepp (Myriospora) = Acarospora macrospora macrospora Hepp (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria caesioalba macrospora Lynge (Lecidea) = Farnoldia micropsis macrospora Suza (Gongylia) = Belonia incarnata macrospora Verseghy (Ochrolechia szatalaensis v.) = Ochrolechia szatalaensis macrospora Vĕzda (Gyalecta jenensis v.) = Gyalecta jenensis ? macrosporum Werner (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria macrospora (Werner) Breuss macrostoma (Dufour) A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria macrostoma macrostomoides Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. maculans Arnold (Dactylospora) = Opegrapha glaucomaria maculans (Arnold) Hafellner (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha glaucomaria maculans (Arnold) Rehm (Leciographa) = Opegrapha glaucomaria maculans (Nyl.) Keissl. (Arthopyrenia pyrenastrella v.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis ? maculare (Körb.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Porina chlorotica macularis (A.Massal.) Blomb. & Forssell (Tomasiella) = Mycomicrothelia macularis macularis auct. hisp. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Arthonia radiata macularis [Hampe ex] A.Massal. (Microthelia) = Mycomicrothelia macularis maculata Erichsen [non H.Magn.] (Pertusaria) = Lecanora impudens maculata (Erichsen) Almb. (Lecanora chloropolia f.) = Lecanora impudens maculata (Erichsen) Almb. (Lecanora) = Lecanora impudens macula Taylor [in J.Mackay] (Lecidea) = Clauzadeana macula maculato-sorediosa (Gyeln.) Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Punctelia subrudecta maculiformis (Hepp) Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodina pyrina maculiformis (Hepp) Bagl. (Rinodina exigua v.) = Rinodina pyrina maculiformis (Hepp) Trevis. (Berengeria exigua v.) = Rinodina pyrina maculiformis (Hoffm.) Beltr. (Biatora) = Lecanora symmicta maculiformis (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Lecanora varia v.) = Lecanora symmicta maculiformis (Hoffm.) Trevis. (Zeora) = Lecanora symmicta maculiformis (Kremp.) Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria maculiformis maculosa (H.Magn.) Poelt (Fuscidea gothoburgensis f.) = Fuscidea gothoburgensis (H.Magn.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda maculosa [Stizenb. ex] Flagey [nom.illegit.] (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuscoatra madeirensis Kalb & Hafellner (Rinodina) = Rinodina ericina maderensis Kremp. (Bombyliospora amplificans v.) = Megalospora maderensis (Kremp.) Sipman maderensis Tav. (Pamelia) = Hypogymnia maderensis (Tav.) D.Hawkw. madreporiformis (Ach.) Fr. (Evernia) = Allocetraria madreporiformis madreporiformis (Ach.) Tuck. (Dactylina) = Allocetraria madreporiformis madreporiformis Ach. (Dufourea) = Allocetraria madreporiformis maggiana (A.Massal.) Stizenb. (Verrucaria) = Leptorhaphis maggiana maggiana A.Massal. (Campylacia) = Leptorhaphis maggiana maggianum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Leptorhaphis maggiana magna Lynge (Lecidea) = Lecidea tessellata magnussoniana Hertel (Lecidea) = Lecanora cadubriae magnussoniana Reichert & Galun (Rinodina) = Rinodina pruinella magnussonii Frey & Poelt (Squamarina) = Lecanora magnussoniana Hafellner & Türk magnussonii Samp. (Acarospora) = Acarospora veronensis magnussonii Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria maura major De Not. (Buellia) = Buellia disciformis major Hav. [nom.inval.] (Alecoria bicolor f.) = Bryoria smithii major (K.G.Hagen) Sandst. (Cladonia) = Cladonia fimbriata major Körb. (Sagedia koerberi v.) = Porina guentheri major Leight. (Graphis diffracta v.) = Graphis scripta major (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Buellia epigaea v.) = Buellia elegans major Müll.Arg. (Diploicia epigaea v.) = Buellia elegans major Th.Fr. (Caloplaca murorum v.) = Caloplaca saxicola major Zehetl. (Verrucaria insularis v.) = Verrucaria fuscula majuscula Motyka (Evernia prunastri v.) = Evernia prunastri majuscula Th.Fr. (Buellia urceolata v.) = Dactylospora deminuta (Th.Fr.) Triebel/F majusculum Zahlbr. (Collema) = Collema auriforme majus Körb. (Leptogium lacerum v.) = Leptogium lichenoides malacea (Ach.) Branth & Rostr. (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera malacea PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS malacea (Ach.) Wahlenb. (Peltidea canina v.) = Peltigera malacea malacea Ach. (Peltidea) = Peltigera malacea malangica Norman (Rinodina leprosa v.) = Rinodina malangica malangica (Norman) Th.Fr. (Rinodina sophodes v.) = Rinodina malangica malenconiana Llimona & Werner (Leciographa) = Rhizocarpon malenconianum (Llimona & Werner) Hafellner & H.Mayrhofer malhamensis Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria dufourii mali A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia persoonii v.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis malmeana H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea malmeana Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Micarea eximia Hedl. malmei auct. (Buellia) = Buellia uberior malmei Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura mammillare (Gouan) A.Massal. (Thalloidima) = Toninia tumidula mammillaris Gouan (Lichen) = Toninia tumidula mammillaris (Gouan) Jatta (Biatorina) = Toninia tumidula mammillaris (Gouan) Th.Fr. (Toninia) = Toninia tumidula mammillata (Bagl.) Zschacke (Paraphysothele) = Thelidium mammillatum mammillata (Hepp) Anzi (Gyalecta protuberans v.) = Sagiolechia protuberans mammillata (Taylor) D.Hawksw. & P.James (Anaptychia ciliaris ssp.) = Anaptychia ciliaris mammillifera Stirt. (Lecanora) = Fuscidea kochiana mammillosa Th.Fr. (Segestria) = Porina mammillosa mammulata Ach. em. Frey (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria cinereorufescens manshurica Asahina (Parmelia) = Flavopunctelia soredica maravignae Tornab. (Endocarpon) = Peltula euploca marcii de Lesd. (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia candida marcii de Lesd. (Bacidia) = Pseudopannaria marcii marcii Harm. (Leptogium) = Collema leptogioides marcomanici (A.Massal.) Jatta (Verrucaria) = ? marcomanici (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = ? marcucciana Bagl. (Sagedia) = Porina ginzbergeri ? margacea (Leight.) Servít (Involucrothele) = Thelidium minutulum margacea (Wahlenb.) A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria margacea margaceum (Leight.) Zschacke (Thelidium) = Thelidium minutulum margaceum Wahlenb. [in Ach.] (Thelotrema) = Verrucaria margacea margaritacea (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecidea speirea f.) = Porpidia speirea margaritacea Ach. (Lecidea) = Porpidia speirea margaritacea Körb. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora allophana margaritacea ("Sommerf.") Lynge (Buellia) = Diplotomma nivale margaritaceum ("Sommerf.") Szatala (Diplotomma) = Diplotomma nivale margaritella Hulting (Lecidea) = Fellhanera margaritella (Hulting) Hafellner [in Hafellner & Türk] marginale (Huds.) Degel. (Collema cristatum v.) = Collema cristatum marginale (Huds.) Schaer. (Collema multifidum v.) = Collema cristatum marginalis Huds. (Lichen) = Collema cristatum marginata Arnold (Bilimbia) = Byssoloma marginatum marginata (Arnold) Lettau (Bacidia) = Byssoloma marginatum 128 marginata Maheu & Werner (Pyrenopsis lecanopsoides Nyl. v.) = Placynthium nigrum marginata Motyka (Evernia prunastri v.) = Evernia prunastri marginata (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Lecidea elata v.) = Lecanora marginata marginata (Schaer.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecanora marginata marginata Schaer. (Lecidea) = Lecanora marginata marginatum Turner & Borrer (Calicium sessile v.) = Cyphelium sessile marginella [Dufour ex] Nyl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia galactites marina (Deakin) A.L.Sm. (Arthopyrenia) = Stigmidium marinum (Deakin) Swinscow/F marina (E.Nyl.) Lynge [in Zahlbr. non (Wedd.) Arnold] (Physcia) = Physcia tenella v. marina (E.Nyl.) Lynge marina (Wedd.) Du Rietz (Callopisma) = Caloplaca marina marina (Wedd.) Hav. (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca marina marinum (Deakin) Keissl. (Thelidium) = Stigmidium marinum (Deakin) Swinscow/F marinum (Wedd.) H.Olivier (Placodium) = Caloplaca marina maritima (A.Massal.) Anzi (Buellia lactea v.) = Buellia stellulata maritima (A.Massal.) Bagl. (Buellia) = Buellia stellulata maritima A.Massal. (Catolechia) = Buellia stellulata maritima (de Lesd.) Lettau (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca limonia ? maritima de Lesd. (Caloplaca citrina f.) = Caloplaca limonia ? maritima de Lesd. (Crocynia) = Lepraria incana maritima (Sommerf.) A.L.Sm. (Lecania aipospila v.) = Lecania aipospila maritima Sommerf. (Lecanora) = Lecania aipospila marmorata [Ach. ex] Nyl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia leucopellaea marmorata (Kremp.) Hepp [in Körb.] (Microthelia) = Polycoccum marmoratum (Kremp.) D.Hawksw./F marmorata sensu (Bagl.) Jatta [non auct.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca subochracea marmoratum Bagl. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca marmorata marmoreum (Scop.) Baroni (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria marmorea marmoreus Scop. (Lichen) = Verrucaria marmorea marocana Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea mutabilis maroccana H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina pruinella maroccana Müll.Arg. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia martinatiana (A.Massal.) Arnold (Lecidea crustulata f.) = Porpidia crustulata martinatiana A.Massal. (Lecidea) = Porpidia crustulata martindalei [Cromb. ex] Nyl. (Ephebeia) = Ephebe lanata marusica Gyeln. (Parmelia subconspersa f.) = Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla mashiginensis Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia mashiginensis mashiginii Lynge (Lecidea) = Cephalophysis leucospila massalongiana (Beltr.) Jatta (Pertusaria leioplaca v.) = Pertusaria leioplaca massalongiana Beltr. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria leioplaca massalongiana Beltr. (Segestrella) = Naetrocymbe saxicola ? massalongiana Hepp (Sagedia) = Naetrocymbe saxicola ? massalongiana (Hepp) R.C.Harris (Naetrocymbe) = Naetrocymbe saxicola ? massalongiana Trevis. (Patellaria) = Lecanora subcarnea massalongoana Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia verruculifera massalongoi auct. p.p. [non (Körb.) Malme nec sensu Malme] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum massalongoi Garov. (Verrucaria) = Blastodesmia nitida massalongoi Körb. (Catillaria) = Fuscidea lygaea massalongoi Kremp. (Graphis) = Graphis scripta massalongoi sensu Malme [non (Körb.)] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon infernulum (Nyl.) Lynge f. sylvaticum Fryday massata Tuck. (Lecidea) = Toninia massata 129 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms massiliensis De Not. (Dirinopsis) = Dirina massiliensis massiliensis (Harm.) H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora heufleriana massiliensis Harm. (Acarospora heufleriana v.) = Acarospora heufleriana mastoidea (A.Massal.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Verrucaria hochstetteri v.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri mastoidea (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria hochstetteri mastoideum A.Massal. (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria hochstetteri mastrucata auct.eur. merid. [non (Wahlenb.) Ach.] (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia mashiginensis mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. mastrucatus Wahlenb. (Lichen) = Aspicilia mastrucata (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. matildae H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidea confluentula matrae Gyeln. (Parmelia conspersa f.) = Xanthoparmelia protomatrae mauritzii Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera elisabethae mauroides Körb. (Verrucaria) = Thrombium mauroides (Körb.) Zschacke mauroides sensu Schaer. et auct. p.p. [non Körb.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria viridula ? maurula (Müll.Arg.) Zschacke (Bachmannia) = Verrucaria aquatilis maurula Müll.Arg. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aquatilis maxima Asahina (Cladonia gracilis v. elongata f.) = Cladonia maxima (Asahina) Ahti maxima Hue (Parmelia) = Parmotrema stuppeum maxima Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? maximiliana Klem. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria heterochroa mazarina (Wahlenb.) H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia aquatica mcmillana Stirt. (Parmelia) = Hypotrachyna endochlora (Leight.) Hale medians (Nyl.) Flagey (Caloplaca) = Candelariella medians medians (Nyl.) Flagey (Candelaria) = Candelariella medians medians (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Candelariella medians medians (Nyl.) Syd. (Gasparrinia) = Candelariella medians medians Nyl. (Placodium) = Candelariella medians medioincrassata Grummann (Voralbergia) = Epigloea medioincrassata mediterranea de Lesd. (Bacidia) = Bacidina egenula mediterranea de Lesd. (Staurothele) = Staurothele hymenogonia mediterranea Gyeln. (Parmelia pulvinaris v.) = Xanthoparmelia verrucigera mediterranea H.Magn. (Ramalina) = Ramalina breviuscula ? mediterranea Motyka (Usnea articulata ssp.) = Usnea articulata mediterranea (P.A.Duvign. & Abbayes) Follmann & Hern.Padr. (Cladina) = Cladonia mediterranea mediterranea (Stizenb.) Flagey (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina dubyana mediterranea (Stizenb.) Flagey (Rinodina) = Rinodina dubyana mediterranea (Stizenb.) Harmand (Lecanora) = Rinodina dubyana mediterranea Stizenb. (Lecanora bischoffii v.) = Rinodina dubyana mediterranea Tav. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria mediterranea medusula Pers. (Opegrapha) = Arthonia medusula megalospora Lönnr. (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe megalospora (Lönnr.) R.C.Harris megalyna (Ach.) Arnold (Melaspilea) = Melaspilea gibberulosa megaphyllina Flot. (Cladonia cervicornis v.) = Cladonia cervicornis ssp. cervicornis megaspora (Merr.) Brodo (Lecanactis) = Lecanactis abietina megaspora Merr. (Lecanactis illecebrosa v.) = Lecanactis abietina megaspora (Nyl.) Samp. (Verrucaria micula v.) = Peridothelia grandiuscula (Anzi) D.Hawksw./F megaspora Nyl. (Verrucaria cinerella f.) = Peridothelia grandiuscula (Anzi) D.Hawksw./F mehdiensis Werner (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha vermicellifera meiobola Nyl. (Lecidea) = Myxobilimbia microcarpa meiocarpa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Biatora meiocarpa meiococca Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella meiococca meiophylliza (Vain.) Servít (Placidiopsis) = Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum meiophyllum Vain. (Dermatocarpon) = Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum meiosperma auct. [non (Nyl.) Müll.Arg.] (Buellia) = Buellia sequax meiospora (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia cinereoatra ? meiosporoides (Norrl.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia tuberculosa meizospora (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria meizospora Harm. (Lecidea) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria melacarpa Nyl. (Lecanora atrynea v.) = Lecanora cenisia melaena (Nyl.) Arnold (Bilimbia) = Micarea melaena melaena (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Micarea melaena melaena Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea melaena melaenella Vain. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria xyloxena melaenida (Nyl.) Arnold (Catillaria) = Micarea melaenida melaenida Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea melaenida melaeniza (Hedl.) Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Micarea melaeniza Hedl. melaenum (Ach.) Ach. (Collema) = Collema cristatum melaleuca sensu Malme (Arthonia) = Arthonia leucopellaea melaleuca Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Calvitimela armeniaca melaleuca (Turner & Borrer) Duby (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria pustulata melanaspis (Ach.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Lobothallia melanaspis melanaspis (Ach.) Link (Placodium) = Lobothallia melanaspis melanaspis (Ach.) Poelt & Leuckert (Aspicilia) = Lobothallia melanaspis melanaspis Ach. (Parmelia) = Lobothallia melanaspis melancheima Tuck. (Lecidea) = Pyrrhospora elabens melaneimum (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon rittokense (Hellb.) Th.Fr. melaneira (Ach.) Nyl. (Alectoria bicolor f.) = Bryoria bicolor ? melanella Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria xyloxena melanobola (Nyl.) de Lesd. (Catillaria) = Micarea melanobola (Nyl.) Coppins melanobola Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea melanobola (Nyl.) Coppins melanocarpa [Anzi ex] Arnold (Lecanora varia v.) = Lecanora mughicola melanocarpa J.Steiner (Rinodina calcarea v.) = Rinodina calcarea melanocarpa (Kremp.) Arnold (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia melanocarpa melanocarpa (Kremp.) Stizenb. (Lecanora prevostii f.) = Hymenelia melanocarpa melanocarpa Kremp. (Hymenelia prevostii v.) = Hymenelia melanocarpa melanocarpa Müll.Arg. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder melanocarpa (Müll.Arg.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder melanocarpa Müll.Arg. (Rinodina) = Rinodina rinodinoides PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS melanocarpizans Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Toninia rosulata melanocarpus (Sw.) DC. (Sphaerophorus) = Bunodophoron melanocarpum melanocarpus Sw. (Lichen) = Bunodophoron melanocarpum melanocephala (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Chaenotheca chrysocephala v.) = Chaenotheca chrysocephala melanocephalum Nyl. (Calicium chrysocephalum f.) = Chaenotheca chrysocephala melanochlorum DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Isidium) = Pertusaria melanochlora melanochroza Leight. (Lecidea) = Micarea misella melanophaea (Ach.) Zwackh (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca ferruginea melanophaea (Fr.) Körb. (Aspicilia) = Tremolecia atrata melanophaea (Fr.) Nyl. (Lecidea lactea v.) = Tremolecia atrata melanophaea (Fr.) Vain. (Lecidea dicksonii v.) = Tremolecia atrata melanophaea Fr. (Lecidea) = Tremolecia atrata melanophaeum A.Massal. (Enchylium affine v.) = Pterygiopsis affinis melanophaeum (Ach.) A.Massal. (Cyphelium) = Chaenotheca ferruginea melanophaeum Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca ferruginea melanophthalma A.Massal. (Lecanora agardhianoides v.) = Lecanora agardhiana melanophthalma (DC.) Anzi (Squamaria chrysoleuca v.) = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma melanophthalma (DC.) DC. (Squamaria) = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma melanophthalma (DC.) Ramond (Lecanora) = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma melanophthalmus DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Lichen) = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma melanopoga Motyka (Usnea dasypoga ssp.) = Usnea filipendula melanopsis (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. (Ionaspis rhodopsis v.) = Hymenelia heteromorpha melanops (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb. (Lecanora bischoffii v.) = Rinodina dubyana melanops Müll.Arg. (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina dubyana melanospora Hepp (Pyrenula) = Mycomicrothelia melanospora melanosticta (Ach.) Boistel (Anaptychia ciliaris v.) = Anaptychia ciliaris melanosticta (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Physcia ciliaris v.) = Anaptychia ciliaris melanosticta (Ach.) Trass (Anaptychia) = Anaptychia ciliaris melanotricha Flot. (Gyrophora hirsuta v.) = Umbilicaria hirsuta melantera Ach. (Arthonia) = Arthonia punctiformis melaphana Nyl. (Lecidea) = Carbonea intrusa melasperma Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Phaaeosporis melasperma (Nyl.) Clem./F melaspermella Nyl. (Arthonia) = Rhizodiscina lygniota (Fr.) Hafellner/F melaspora Taylor [in Hook.] (Verrucaria) = Polyblastia melaspora melastoma (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Pertusaria sommerfeltii v.) = Pertusaria sommerfeltii melastoma Nyl. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria sommerfeltii melathelia (Nyl.) Jatta (Sagedia) = Thelopsis melathelia melina [Kremp. ex] Nyl. (Lecidea sanguinaria v.) = Mycoblastus affinis melina (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Mycoblastus affinis melinodes auct. (Huilia) = Hymenelia ochrolemma melinodes auct. (Porpidia) = Hymenelia ochrolemma melinodes auct. p.p. (Lecidea) = Hymenelia ochrolemma 130 melinus ([Kremp. ex] Nyl.) Nyl. (Mycoblastus) = Mycoblastus affinis meliteum Jatta (Collema) = Collema tenax mellissii C.W.Dodge (Parmelia) = Parmotrema mellissii (C.W.Dodge) Hale melops [Dufour ex] Nyl. (Physcia) = Physcia phaea membranacea (Ach.) Körb. (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera membranacea membranacea Ach. (Peltidea canina v.) = Peltigera membranacea membranacea (Dicks.) Vain. (Lepraria) = Leproloma membranaceum membranacea (Dicks.) Zahlbr. (Crocynia) = Leproloma membranaceum membranaceum (Kremp.) Leight. (Collema auriculatum f.) = Collema auriforme membranaceus Dicks. (Lichen) = Leproloma membranaceum mendax (Anzi) Hue (Lecidea) = Biatora mendax mendax (Anzi) Jatta (Biatorina) = Biatora mendax mendax (Anzi) Lettau (Catillaria) = Biatora mendax meolansii de Lesd. (Lecanora) = Lecanora flotowiana ? meridionale Hue (Collema) = Collema ryssoleum meridionalis de Lesd. (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica meridionalis (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecanora chlarotera ssp.) = Lecanora meridionalis meridionalis (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Lobaria pulmonaria v.) = Lobaria pulmonaria meridionalis Zahlbr. (Arthonia cytisi v.) = Arthonia excipienda meridionalis Zahlbr. (Pertusaria pertusa v.) = Pertusaria pertusa mersata Stirt. (Lecidea) = Porpidia hydrophila (Fr.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab mesenteriforme (Vill.) Arnold (Thalloidima) = Toninia tumidula mesenteriformis (Vill.) Schuler (Toninia) = Toninia tumidula mesenteriformis (Vill.) Vain. (Lecidea) = Toninia tumidula mesenteriformis Vill. (Lichen candidus v.) = Toninia tumidula mesoidea (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Toninia mesoidea mesoidea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia mesoidea mesomorpha (Nyl.) Du Rietz (Letharia) = Evernia mesomorpha mesotropa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica leucophaea mesotropiza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecanora formosa mesotropum (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Thelidium) = Thelidium minutulum mespili A.Massal. (Arhopyrenia analepta v.) = Arthopyrenia analepta metabasis A.Massal. (Blastenia ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca erythrocarpa metabolica auct. p.p. (Rinodina) = Rinodina exigua metaboliza Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora symmicta metaboloides Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora sarcopidoides metamorpha Anzi (Lecidea) = Lecidea swartzioidea metamorphea (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum methorium (Nyl.) Hellb. (Thelidium) = Thelidium aeneovinosum metzleri (Arnold) Degel. (Collema crispum v.) = Collema crispum metzleri J.Lahm [in Körb.] (Microthelia) = Lichenothelia metzleri metzleri (Körb.) J.Steiner (Protoblastenia) = Clauzadea metzleri metzleri (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Clauzadea metzleri metzleri Körb. (Biatora) = Clauzadea metzleri metzleri Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. mexicana Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia mexicana 131 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms meylanii de Lesd. (Staurothele) = Staurothele solvens ? meylanii Frey (Lecanephebe) = Zahlbrucknerella calcarea meylanii Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea filipendula ? micacea (Körb.) H.Olivier (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea micacea Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidella stigmatea michaudiana (Harm.) Croz. (Rinodina) = Rinodina alba michaudiana Harm. (Lecanora) = Rinodina alba michelettiana A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Solenopsora olivacea ssp. olivacea michelii (A.Massal.) Körb. (Endopyrenium) = Placidium michelii michelii (A.Massal.) R.Sant. (Catapyrenium) = Placidium michelii michelii (A.Massal.) Zwackh (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium michelii micraspis Sommerf. (Lecanora) = Sclerococcum sphaerale (Ach.) Fr./F microbola (Clemente) A.Crespo & Barreno (Bacidia) = Lecania naegelii microcarpa (Ach.) Gyeln. (Peltigera polydactyla v.) = Peltigera polydactyla microcarpa (Ach.) Nyl. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta microcarpa Ach. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Buellia disciformis microcarpa Ach. (Peltigera polydactyla f.) = Peltigera polydactyla microcarpa Anzi (Lecanora badia v.) = Protoparmelia psarophana ? microcarpa (Anzi) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Caloplaca pyracea v.) = Caloplaca saxifragarum microcarpa Arnold (Polyblastia cupularis f.) = Polyblastia cupularis ? microcarpa Arnold (Usnea) = Usnea cavernosa microcarpa (Arnold) Lettau (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia cupularis ? microcarpa (Hepp) Körb. (Rinodina turfacea v.) = Rinodina roscida microcarpa (Hepp) Trevis. (Berengeria turfacea v.) = Rinodina roscida microcarpa Jatta (Lecidea enteroleuca f.) = Pyrrhospora elabens microcarpa Nyl. (Lecanora schleicheri v.) = Acarospora microcarpa microcarpa Opiz (Biatora byssoides v.) = Baeomyces rufus microcarpa Opiz (Variolaria communis v.) = Pertusaria pertusa microcarpa R.Sant. (Catillaria) = Catillaria atomarioides microcarpa (Th.Fr.) Brunnb. (Mycobilimbia) = Myxobilimbia microcarpa microcarpa (Th.Fr.) Kremp. (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia microcarpa microcarpa (Th.Fr.) Lettau (Bacidia) = Myxobilimbia microcarpa microcarpa (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. (Bilimbia hypnophila ssp.) = Myxobilimbia microcarpa microcarpa Th.Fr. (Bilimbia obscurata v.) = Myxobilimbia microcarpa microcarpum Anzi (Placodium luteoalbum v.) = Caloplaca saxifragarum microcarpum (Anzi) Anzi (Callopisma luteoalbum v.) = Caloplaca saxifragarum microcarpum (Anzi) Arnold (Callopisma pyraceum v.) = Caloplaca saxifragarum microcarpum ([Bagl. ex] Arnold) J.Steiner (Schismatomma picconianum v.) = Schismatomma dirinellum microcarpum ([Davies ex] Leight.) A.L.Sm. (Thelidium) = Thelidium zwackhii microcephala Nyl. [non (Sm.) Körb.] (Sphinctrina) = Sphinctrina tubiformis microcephala (Sm.) Körb. [non Nyl.] (Sphinctrina) = Sphinctrina anglica microcephala (Sm.) Vain. (Phacotiella) = Sphinctrina anglica microcephalum (Sm.) Ach. (Calicium) = Sphinctrina anglica microcephalus Sm. (Lichen) = Sphinctrina anglica microciba Ach. (Pyrenula) = Catapyrenium cinereum micrococca Born. & Nyl. (Synalissa) = Pyrenopsis micrococca micrococca (Körb.) Cromb. (Lecidea) = Micarea micrococca micrococca (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Catillaria) = Micarea micrococca micrococca Körb. (Biatora) = Micarea micrococca micrococcoides Erichsen (Bacidia) = Porina leptalea microcyrtella Anzi (Biatora) = Lecania cyrtella ? microcyrtella (Anzi) Jatta (Lecidea) = Lecania cyrtella ? microglaenoides Th.Fr. [nom.nud.] (Lopadium) = Gyalidea fritzei (Stein) Vĕzda microhaema (Norman) R.A.Anderson (Strangospora) = Biatorella microhaema microhyllina (Fr.) Flot. (Zeora coarctata v.) = Trapelia involuta microlepis Körb. (Aspicilia) = Miriquidica complanata micromma (Stizenb.) Hulting (Bacidia) = Byssoloma marginatum microphthalma A.Massal. (Rinodina) = Buellia ocellata microphylla A.Massal. (Parmelia quercifolia v. scortea f.) = Parmelina tiliacea microphylla Anders (Parmelia mougeotii f.) = Xanthoparmelia mougeotii microphylla Anders (Peltigera polydactyla f.) = Peltigera elisabethae microphylla (Anders) Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera elisabethae microphylla (Anders) Trass (Peltigera polydactyla v.) = Peltigera elisabethae microphylla Anzi [nom.nud.] (Pannaria femsjonensis v.) = Psoroma hypnorum microphylla Erichsen (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia saxatilis microphylla Flot. (Physcia parietina v.) = Xanthoria parietina microphylla Laurer [in Sturm] (Umbilicaria albopruinosa v.) = Umbilicaria microphylla microphylla (Laurer) A.Massal. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria microphylla microphylla (Laurer) Jatta (Gyrophora anthracina v.) = Umbilicaria microphylla microphylla (Laurer) Llano (Agyrophora) = Umbilicaria microphylla microphylla v. italica Gyeln. (Pannaria) = ? microphylla (Westr.) Ach. (Biatora) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea microphylla (Westr.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea microphylla (Westr.) Delise (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea microphylla (Westr.) Müll.Arg. (Parmeliella) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea microphyllina Fr. (Parmelia coarctata v.) = Trapelia involuta microphyllina Gyeln. (Peltigera variolosa v.) = Peltigera leucophlebia microphyllinum (Anzi) Bagl. & Carestia (Lethagrium laureri v.) = Collema undulatum microphyllinum (Anzi) Stizenb. (Collema laureri v.) = Collema undulatum microphyllinum Tuck. (Placodium) = Caloplaca microphyllina microphyllinus Anzi (Synechoblastus laureri v.) = Collema undulatum PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS microphyllinus (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Collema undulatum v.) = Collema undulatum microphyllum (Ach.) Leight. (Leptogium) = Collema fragrans microphyllum (Ach.) Nyl. (Collemodium) = Collema fragrans microphyllum Ach. [nom.illegit.] (Collema) = Collema fragrans microphyllum Harm. (Collema pulposum v.) = Collema coccophorum microphyllum (Westr.) Ach. (Collemodium) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea microplaca (Vain.) Erichsen (Buellia) = Buellia ectolechioides (Vain.) Erichsen micropsis (A.Massal.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Lecidea rhaetica v.) = Farnoldia micropsis micropsis (A.Massal.) Hertel (Melanolecia) = Farnoldia micropsis micropsis (A.Massal.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Farnoldia micropsis micropsis A.Massal. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia micropsis microscopica Anzi (Sphinctrina) = Sphinctrina anglica microscopica (Nyl.) Trevis. (Garovaglina) = Leptogium teretiusculum microscopicum (Anzi) Jatta (Cyphelium) = Sphinctrina anglica microscopicum Nyl. (Leptogium) = Leptogium teretiusculum microscopicum (Vill.) Frey (Stereocaulon) = Leprocaulon microscopicum microscopicus Vill. (Lichen) = Leprocaulon microscopicum microsperma (Tul.) Jatta (Buellia) = Abrothallus microspermus Tul./F microspora A.Massal. (Lecidea sabuletorum v.) = Pyrrhospora elabens ? microspora Arnold [in Glow.] (Aspicilia calcarea v.) = Aspicilia cheresina v. microspora microspora (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Caloplaca aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca cacuminum microspora (Arnold) Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia cheresina v. microspora microspora Maslowa (Catillaria) = Micarea bauschiana microspora Nyl. [non auct.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria striatula Wahlenb. [in Ach.] microsporella Lettau (Lecidea) = Lecidea variegatula Nyl. microsporella Malme [non Lettau] (Lecidea) = Lecidea malmeana Zahlbr. microsporum Arnold (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca cacuminum microsticta auct. (Arthonia) = Arthonia muscigena (foliicolous specimens) microsticta Nyl. (Varicellaria) = Varicellaria rhodocarpa microstictica (Sm.) Cromb. (Pertusaria ceuthocarpa f.) = Pertusaria microstictica microstictica (Sm.) Zahlbr. (Pertusaria ceuthocarpoides v.) = Pertusaria microstictica microstigma A.Massal. (Lecanora agardhianoides v.) = Lecanora agardhiana microstigma A.Massal. [nom.nud.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora agardhiana microtera Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia stellulata microthallina Gyeln. (Peltigera aphthosa v.) = Peltigera aphthosa microthallina (Wedd.) Arnold (Physcia) = Caloplaca microthallina microthallina (Wedd.) Mereschk. (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca microthallina microthallina Wedd. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca microthallina microthallinum (Wedd.) H.Olivier (Placodium) = Caloplaca microthallina microthelena Nyl. [nom.inval.] (Verrucaria) = Mycomicrothelia exigua (Müll.Arg.) D.Hawksw./F 132 microthelia Wallr. (Verrucaria) = Roselliniella microthelia (Wallr.) Nik.Hoffm. & Hafellner/F migdina sensu Poelt & Vĕzda (Lecanora) = Lecanora salicicola migratoria Lynge (Lecidea) = Adelolecia kolaensis mildeana (Hepp) Jatta (Stenocybe) = Phaeocalicium mildeanum mildeanum Hepp [in Rabenhorst] (Calicium) = Phaeocalicium mildeanum mildeanum (Hepp) Nádv. (Mycocalicium) = Phaeocalicium mildeanum millegranum Degel. (Collema bachmanianum v.) = Collema bachmanianum ? milliaria (Fr.) Körb. (Bacidia) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria milliaria (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Bilimbia) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria milliaria Fr. (Lecidea) = Micarea lignaria v. lignaria milvina Rabenh. (Lecanora badia v.) = Protoparmelia badia milvina Wahlenb. [in Ach.] (Parmelia) = Rinodina milvina mimicrans Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. minarum Vain. (Parmelia) = Parmelinopsis horrescens miniata (Hoffm.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca saxicola ssp.) = Caloplaca arnoldii miniata sensu A.Massal. et auct.ital. p.p. (Physcia) = Xanthoria elegans v. elegans miniatula Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca arnoldii miniatulum (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Placodium) = Caloplaca arnoldii miniatum (L.) Gaertn. (Endocarpon) = Dermatocarpon miniatum miniatum sensu Anzi (Placodium pusillum v.) = Caloplaca proteus miniatus Hoffm. (Lichen) = Caloplaca arnoldii miniatus L. (Lichen) = Dermatocarpon miniatum miniescens Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Megalaria pulverea minima Jatta (Evernia prunastri v. vulgaris f.) = Evernia prunastri minor Bagl. (Buellia leptocline v.) = Buellia sardiniensis minor de Lesd. (Sarcogyne simplex v.) = Polysporina simplex ? minor Flagey (Collema melaenum f.) = Collema cristatum minor Garov. (Verrucaria gemmata v.) = Acrocordia gemmata minor Hav. (Alectoria bicolor f.) = Bryoria bicolor minor (K.G.Hagen) Szatala (Cladonia) = Cladonia fimbriata minor Leight. (Graphis diffracta v.) = Graphis scripta minor Mereschk. (Arthonia astroidea f.) = Arthonia radiata minor Mereschk. (Physcia labrata f.) = Phaeophyscia endophoenicea minor Turner (Fucus pygmaeus f.) = Lichina confinis minulata (Nyl.) Lettau (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca saxicola minuscula Anzi (Bacidia) = Bacidia beckhausii minuscula (Anzi) Arnold (Bacidia bacillifera v.) = Bacidia beckhausii minuscula (Anzi) Vĕzda (Micarea) = Bacidia beckhausii minuscula (Arnold) Degel. (Alectoria) = Pseudephebe minuscula minuscula (Arnold) Nyl. (Parmelia) = Pseudephebe minuscula minuscula (Nyl.) Bowler & Rundel (Fistulariella) = Ramalina dilacerata minuscula (Nyl.) Nyl. (Ramalina) = Ramalina dilacerata minuscula [Nyl. ex] Arnold (Imbricaria lanata v.) = Pseudephebe minuscula minuscula Nyl. (Ramalina calicaris f.) = Ramalina dilacerata minuta (A.Massal.) N.S.Golubk. (Sarcogyne regularis v.) = Sarcogyne regularis minuta A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Catillaria minuta minuta A.Massal. (Sarcogyne pruinosa v.) = Sarcogyne regularis minuta [Anzi ex] Arnold (Rinodina archaea f.) = Rinodina olivaceobrunnea minuta auct. [non (Nyl.) Nyl.] (Lecidea) = Biatora meiocarpa 133 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms minuta Colmeiro (Lecanora) = Lecanora sarcopis ? minuta de Lesd. (Rinodina) = Rinodinella dubyanoides minuta H.Magn. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca atrocyanescens (Th.Fr.) H.Olivier minuta Hepp (Verrucaria lecideoides v.) = Verrucaria minuta minuta (J.Steiner) Szatala (Blastenia agardhiana v.) = Caloplaca alociza ? minuta Schaer (Biatora anomala v.) = Bacidia globulosa minuta (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Lecidea) = Bacidia globulosa minuta (Schaer.) Hepp (Biatora) = Bacidia globulosa minutella Gyeln. (Peltigera genuina f.) = Peltigera scabrosa minutellum (Ach.) Nádv. (Mycocalicium) = Mycocalicium subtile minutellum Ach. (Calicium) = Mycocalicium subtile minutipuncta Erichsen (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria rheitrophila minutissima (Ach.) Garov. (Verrucaria oxyspora v.) = Strigula sp. ? minutissima Bagl. (Acarospora fuscata v.) = Acarospora fuscata minutissimum auct. [non (Flörke) Fr.] (Leptogium) = Leptogium intermedium minutissimum Flörke [non auct.] (Collema) = Leptogium subtile minutissimum (Flörke) Fr. [non auct.] (Leptogium) = Leptogium subtile minutula (Ach.) Cromb. (Ramalina fastigiata f.) = Ramalina fastigiata minutula (Hepp) Arnold (Buellia) = Buellia stellulata minutula (Nyl.) Arnold (Arthonia) = Arthonia dispersa minutum (Körb.) Arnold (Calicium) = Calicium abietinum miocenensis Flagey (Rinodina) = Rinodina guzzinii mira sensu Nimis & Poelt [non Tav.] (Gorgadesia) = Ingaderia troglodytica mirifica (Stirt.) A.L.Sm. (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa grumulosa miscella Sommerf. [non Ach.] (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia berengeriana misella (Nyl.) Falk (Biatora) = Micarea misella misella (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea misella misella Nyl. (Lecidea anomala f.) = Micarea misella miserrimum Nyl. (Mycoporum) = Cyrtidula quercus (A.Massal.) Minks/F miskolensis H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora versicolor ? mitis (Sandst.) Hustich (Cladina) = Cladonia arbuscula ssp. mitis mitis Sandst. (Cladonia) = Cladonia arbuscula ssp. mitis mitrovicensis Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia protomatrae mixta (Fr.) Hellb. (Biatorina) = Cliostomum griffithii mixta Fr. (Biatora) = Cliostomum griffithii mniaraea Ach. (Lecanora) = Rinodina mniaraea v. mniaraea mniaraeiza (Nyl.) Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodina mniaraea v. mniaraeiza mniaraeiza Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina mniaraea v. mniaraeiza modesta (Hegetschw.) Vĕzda (Absconditella) = Absconditella delutula (Nyl.) Coppins & H.Kilias modesta (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Microglaena) = Thelenella modesta modesta (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Polyblastia) = Thelenella modesta modesta (Nyl.) Trevis. (Luykenia) = Thelenella modesta modesta Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Thelenella modesta modestula Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. modica (Nyl.) Migula (Buellia) = Buellia vilis modica Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia vilis modicula (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Buellia) = Adelolecia pilati modicula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Adelolecia pilati moenium Vain. (Endocarpon) = Aspicilia moenium moestula (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatora) = Micarea erratica moestula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea erratica molendoi [Heufl. ex] Frauenf. [in Arnold] (Tichothecium) = Arthonia molendoi molesta Delise [in Duby] (Peltigera) = Peltigera collina molle A.Massal. (Scoliciosporum) = Bacidia incompta mollissima de Lesd. (Crocynia) = Lepraria lobificans mollissima Lynge (Lecidea) = Lecanora marginata mollis Stirt. [nom.illegit.] (Usnea) = Usnea fragilescens mollis (Wahlenb.) Arnold (Biatora) = Fuscidea mollis mollis (Wahlenb.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea mollis mollis Wahlenb. (Lecidea rivulosa v.) = Fuscidea mollis molliuscula auct. [non Ach.] (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis molybdinum Körb. [et auct. p.p.] (Collema) = Collema tenax monacensis H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora fuscata ? monacensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. monasteriensis ("J.Lahm") J.Lahm (Biatorella) = Biatoridium monasteriense monensis Wheldon (Acrocordia) = Pyrenocollema monense mongolica H.Magn. (Catillaria) = Toninia athallina monguillonii Harm. (Heppia) = Heppia lutosa monguillonii Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. monicae Werner (Gonohymenia) = Sarcogyne regularis monocarpum ([Dufour ex] Schaer.) Cromb. (Collema cheileum f.) = Collema crispum monomorpha Aptroot, Sipman & Herk (Cladonia) = Cladonia pyxidata ? monophylla Opiz (Peltigera) = Peltigera didactyla monophylla Werner (Ramalina maciformis f.) = Ramalina canariensis monospora (Gyeln.) Frey (Solorina bispora v.) = Solorina bispora monospora Gyeln. (Solorina) = Solorina bispora monsauri A.Massal. (Placodium albescens v.) = Lecanora albescens monspeliensis Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rupestris monstrosa (Ach.) Vain. (Cladonia digitata v.) = Cladonia digitata monstrosa (Bagl.) Grummann (Lecanactis grumulosa v.) = Lecanographa grumulosa monstrosa (Bagl.) Jatta (Lecanactis dilleniana v.) = Lecanographa grumulosa monstrosa Bagl. (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa grumulosa monstrosum (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Endocarpon) = Placocarpus schaereri monstrosum (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Placidium) = Placocarpus schaereri monstrosum (Schaer.) Hazsl. (Endopyrenium) = Placocarpus schaereri monstrosum (Schaer.) Vain. (Dermatocarpon) = Placocarpus schaereri monstrosum Schaer. (Endocarpon miniatum v.) = Placocarpus schaereri monstruosa Vain. (Usnea) = Usnea lapponica montagnei (Fr.) Schaer. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia montagnei montagnei Fr. (Parmelia) = Protoparmelia montagnei montagnei (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon disporum v.) = Rhizocarpon disporum montagnei Körb. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon disporum montana de Lesd. (Lecanora atra v.) = Tephromela atra v. atra ? montana H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora peliscypha montana H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia montana (H.Magn.) Hav. montana Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea rigida PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS montana (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia leucophaea v.) = Myxobilimbia lobulata montblanca Räsänen (Rhizocarpon geographicum v.) = Rhizocarpon macrosporum montellica A.Massal. (Arthonia) = Arthonia radiata montellicum Beltr. (Acolium) = Pyrgidium montellicum montenegrina Servít (Gyalecta jenensis v.) = Gyalecta jenensis ? montettensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. monticola [Ach. ex] Schaer. (Lecidea) = Clauzadea monticola monticola Räsänen (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes scruposus monticola (Schaer.) Hepp (Biatora) = Clauzadea monticola monticola (Schaer.) J.Steiner (Protoblastenia) = Clauzadea monticola montinii (A.Massal.) Arnold (Porocyphus) = Thelochroa montinii montinii (A.Massal.) Forssell (Psorotichia) = Thelochroa montinii montinii Beltr. (Thelidium) = Thelidium zwackhii mooreana Carroll (Lecidea) = Ainioa mooreana moorei [Hepp ex] Leight. (Leptogium) = Polychidium dendriscum (Nyl.) Henssen moravica Servít (Verrucaria sibirica v.) = Verrucaria xyloxena moravicum (Servít) Servít (Thelidium velutinoides v.) = Verrucaria xyloxena moriformis (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Biatorella) = Strangospora moriformis moriformis Ach. (Arthonia) = Strangospora moriformis morio auct. (Biatorella) = Sporastatia testudinea morio auct. (Lecidea) = Sporastatia testudinea morio auct. (Sporastatia) = Sporastatia testudinea morioides (Arnold) Blomb. (Lecanora) = Clauzadeana macula morioides [Blomb. ex] Arnold (Aspicilia) = Clauzadeana macula moriopsis (A.Massal.) Th.Fr. (Buellia) = Orphniospora moriopsis moriopsis A.Massal. (Catolechia) = Orphniospora moriopsis mortarii (Arnold) Servít (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria mortarii mosigiicola Eitner (Biatora) = Carbonea distans mosigiicola (Eitner) Hertel & Rambold (Lecanora) = Carbonea distans mosigiicola (Eitner) Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Carbonea distans mosigii (Körb.) Anzi (Lecidea) = Orphniospora mosigii mosigii Körb. (Lecidella) = Orphniospora mosigii mougeotii ([Hepp ex] Arnold) Th.Fr. (Buellia leptocline v.) = Buellia leptocline mougeotii Hepp (Lecidea) = Buellia leptocline mougeotii [Schaer. ex] D.Dietr. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia mougeotii mougeotii (Zschacke) Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria hydrela ? mougeotioides (Nyl.) Mong. (Rinodina) = Dimelaena oreina mougeotioides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina oreina v.) = Dimelaena oreina mougeotioides Nyl. (Lecanora) = Dimelaena oreina moulinsii Mont. (Endocarpon) = Dermatocarpon moulinsii mourettii de Lesd. (Peltula) = Peltula euploca ? mucida (Pers.) Corner (Lentaria) = Multiclavula mucida mucida Pers. (Clavaria) = Multiclavula mucida mucosa (Stirt.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Lecidea mucosa muddii H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nitrophila muddii [Salwey ex] Mudd (Lecidea) = Halecania ralfsii (Salwey) M.Mayrhofer muelleri [Hepp ex] Anzi (Synechoblastus) = Collema multipartitum 134 muelleri [Hepp ex] Arnold [nom.nud.] (Lethagrium) = Collema multipartitum muelleri (Hepp) Zahlbr. (Lempholemma) = Lempholemma polyanthes ? muelleri Servít (Placidiopsis) = Verrucaria muelleri (Servít) Breuss mughorum Anzi (Buellia) = Melaspilea proximella mullensis Stirt. (Lecidea) = Rimularia mullensis multibrachiata Flörke (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa multifida Ach. (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina farinacea multifida (Scop.) Schaer. (Parmelia) = Collema cristatum multifidum (Scop.) Rabenh. (Collema) = Collema cristatum multifidus Scop. (Lichen) = Collema cristatum multilobata Gyeln. (Peltigera polydactyla f.) = Peltigera polydactyla multipartiens Nyl. (Collema) = Collema multipartitum multipartita Erichsen (Ramalina fastigiata v.) = Ramalina fastigiata multipartitum (Sm.) Arnold (Lethagrium) = Collema multipartitum multipartitus (Sm.) Körb. (Synechoblastus) = Collema multipartitum multipuncta Ach. (Parmelia) = Aspicilia cinerea multipuncta auct. p.p. [non (Turner) Nyl.] (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria ophthalmiza multipuncta (Ehrh.) Schaer. (Parmelia ceratophylla v.) = Brodoa intestiniformis multipuncta (Ehrh.) Th.Fr. (Parmelia encausta v.) = Brodoa intestiniformis multipuncta Turner (Variolaria) = Pertusaria multipuncta multisecta Gyeln. (Peltigera polydactyla f.) = Peltigera polydactyla multiseptata Anzi (Toninia) = Toninia squalida multiseptata (Anzi) Jatta (Bilimbia) = Toninia squalida multispora Coppins (Pyrenopsis) = Pyrenopsis grumulifera munda (Hazsl.) Zahlbr. (Parmelia conspersa f.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa munda Hazsl. (Imbricaria conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa muralis A.Massal. (Placodium albescens v.) = Lecanora albescens muralis (Schreb.) M.Choisy (Protoparmeliopsis) = Lecanora muralis muralis (Schreb.) Räsänen (Placolecanora) = Lecanora muralis muralis (Schreb.) Trevis. (Patellaria) = Lecanora muralis muralis Schreb. (Lichen) = Lecanora muralis muricata (Ach.) Ach. (Cornicularia aculeata v.) = Cetraria muricata muricata (Ach.) Ach. (Cornicularia) = Cetraria muricata muricata (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Cornicularia tenuissima v.) = Cetraria muricata muricata auct. (Cladonia) = Cladonia rangiformis muricata (Delise) Arnold (Cladonia rangiformis v.) = Cladonia rangiformis muricata Laurer (Dufourea) = Dactylina ramulosa muricata (Laurer) Rabenh. (Pycnothelia) = Dactylina ramulosa muricata (Laurer) Tuck. (Dactylina) = Dactylina ramulosa muricata Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea filipendula ? muricatum (Ach.) J.R.Laundon (Coelocaulon) = Cetraria muricata muricatus Ach. (Lichen) = Cetraria muricata muricella (Delise) Vain. (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa muricola de Lesd. (Toninia) = Toninia sedifolia murina (Ach.) DC. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria grisea 135 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms murina Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria grisea murina Ach. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia hypocrita murina (Sandst.) H.Magn. (Acarospora smaragdula v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula murina Sandst. (Acarospora) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula murorum (A.Massal.) Anzi (Acarospora macrospora v.) = Acarospora murorum murorum (A.Massal.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora macrospora ssp.) = Acarospora murorum murorum (A.Massal.) Stizenb. (Collemopsis) = Psorotichia murorum murorum (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Buellia epipolia v.) = Diplotomma murorum murorum A.Massal. (Diplotomma alboatrum v.) = Diplotomma murorum murorum (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca saxicola murorum Arnold (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria viridula ? murorum (Arnold) Lindau (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria viridula ? murorum de Lesd. (Crocynia) = Lepraria nivalis murorum de Lesd. (Rinodina) = Rinodina zwackhiana murorum (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Physcia) = Caloplaca saxicola murorum (Hoffm.) DC. (Placodium) = Caloplaca saxicola murorum (Hoffm.) De Not. (Aglaeopisma) = Caloplaca saxicola murorum (Hoffm.) De Not. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca saxicola murorum (Hoffm.) Körb. (Amphiloma) = Caloplaca saxicola murorum (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. (Xanthoria) = Caloplaca saxicola murorum (Hoffm.) Tornab. (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca saxicola muscicola ([Ach. ex] Nyl.) Trevis. (Chromatochlamys) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. muscorum muscicola Anzi (Urceolaria scruposa f.) = Diploschistes muscorum muscicola (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes scruposus f.) = Diploschistes muscorum muscicola (Hepp) Körb. (Buellia punctata f.) = Amandinea punctata ? muscicola Lönnr. (Microglaena) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. muscorum muscicola (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Blastenia ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca ammiospila muscicola (Schaer.) Bagl. (Hagenia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia endococcina muscicola sensu Schaer. (Lecidea luteoalba v.) = Fulgensia schistidii muscicola Sw. (Lichen) = Polychidium muscicola muscicola Tomin (Lecanora frustulosa f.) = Lecanora argopholis muscicola Tosco (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia saxatilis muscicolum Arnold (Placidium cartilagineum v.) = Catapyrenium psoromoides muscicolum (Schaer.) Stein (Callopisma ferrugineum v.) = Caloplaca ammiospila muscicolum (Sommerf.) Körb. (Lopadium) = Lopadium pezizoideum muscicolum (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Lopadium pezizoideum v.) = Lopadium pezizoideum muscicolum (Sommerf.) Vain. (Sporopodium pezizoideum v.) = Lopadium pezizoideum muscicolum (Sw.) Ach. (Collema) = Polychidium muscicola muscicolum (Sw.) Fr. (Leptogium) = Polychidium muscicola muscigena (Ach.) A.Massal. (Anaptychia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia muscigena muscigena (Ach.) Bagl. & Carestia (Hagenia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia muscigena v. muscigena muscigena (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia muscigena v. muscigena muscigena (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia) = Physconia muscigena v. muscigena muscigena Ach. (Parmelia) = Physconia muscigena v. muscigena muscigenae Anzi (Celidium) = Diplotomma pulverulentum muscigenae (Anzi) Jatta (Arthonia) = Diplotomma pulverulentum muscigenae (Anzi) Rehm (Leciographa) = Diplotomma pulverulentum muscigena Vĕzda (Lecidea jurana v.) = Farnoldia muscigena muscigena (Vĕzda) Hertel (Melanolecia) = Farnoldia muscigena musciva (Körb.) Hertel & Knoph (Porpidia) = Porpidia cinereoatra musciva (Körb.) Vĕzda (Huilia) = Porpidia cinereoatra musciva Körb. (Lecidea) = Porpidia cinereoatra muscivum (Körb.) Vĕzda (Haplocarpon) = Porpidia cinereoatra muscorum (A.Massal.) M.Choisy & Werner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca cerina v. muscorum muscorum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Segestria) = Strigula stigmatella muscorum A.Massal. (Callopisma cerinum v.) = Caloplaca cerina v. muscorum muscorum A.Massal. (Porina) = Strigula stigmatella muscorum Ach. (Lecanora) = Massalongia carnosa muscorum Ach. (Pannaria) = Psoroma hypnorum muscorum (Fr.) Jatta (Polyblastia) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. muscorum muscorum (Fr.) Körb. (Weitenwebera) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. muscorum muscorum (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Microglaena) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. muscorum muscorum (Fr.) Vain. (Thelenella) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. muscorum muscorum Fr. (Verrucaria) = Chromatochlamys muscorum muscorum Körb. (Buellia insignis v.) = Buellia geophila muscorum (Schaer.) Th.Fr. (Buellia parasema v.) = Buellia insignis muscorum Schaer. (Peltigera horizontalis v.) = Peltigera horizontalis muscorum (Scop.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Diploschistes scruposus ssp.) = Diploschistes muscorum muscorum Scop. (Lichen) = Diploschistes muscorum muscorum sensu A.Massal. (Diploicia) = Rinodina mniaraea v. mniaraea muscorum (Sw.) Ach. [non (Th.Fr.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.] (Lecidea) = Bacidia bagliettoana muscorum (Sw.) Mudd (Bacidia) = Bacidia bagliettoana muscorum (Sw.) Th.Fr. (Bacidia atrosanguinea v.) = Bacidia bagliettoana muscorum (Th.Fr.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Lecidea) = Lecidella wulfenii muscorum (Th.Fr.) Vain. (Lecidea glomerulosa v.) = Lecidella wulfenii muscorum Th.Fr. (Lecidea elaeochroma v.) = Lecidella wulfenii muscorum Zschacke (Gongylia) = Arthrorhaphis grisea musiva Körb. (Lecidea) = Porpidia musiva (Körb.) Hertel & Knoph mutabile Ach. (Calicium) = Calicium adspersum mutabilis (Ach.) A.Massal. (Pachyospora) = Megaspora verrucosa v. mutabilis mutabilis (Ach.) Körb. (Aspicilia) = Megaspora verrucosa v. mutabilis mutabilis (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Megaspora verrucosa v. mutabilis PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS mutabilis (Ach.) Trevis. (Patellaria) = Megaspora verrucosa v. mutabilis mutabilis Ach. (Urceolaria) = Megaspora verrucosa v. mutabilis mutabilis auct. p.p. [non Leight.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria dolosa mutabilis Sommerf. (Lecanora) = Lecanora intricata muverani (Müll.Arg.) Hertel (Lecidea) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. muverani mycrociba Ach. (Pyrenula) = Catapyrenium cinereum myochroa (Fr.) Massee (Omphalia umbellifera v.) = Omphalina ericetorum myochroum (Bernh.) Nyl. (Leptogium) = Leptogium saturninum myochroum (Bernh.) Rabenh. (Collema) = Leptogium saturninum myochrous Fr. (Agaricus umbelliferus v.) = Omphalina ericetorum myoplaca Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Ramboldia petraeoides myricae (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Arthopyrenia) = Mycoglaena myricae (Nyl.) R.C.Harris/F myrinii (Fr.) Stein (Aspicilia) = Aspilidea myrinii myrinii (Fr.) Tuck. (Lecanora) = Aspilidea myrinii myrinii Fr. [in Myrin] (Parmelia) = Aspilidea myrinii myriocarpa (DC.) De Not. (Buellia) = Amandinea punctata myriocarpa DC. (Lecidea) = Amandinea punctata myriocarpa Duby (Pannaria plumbea v.) = Degelia plumbea myriocarpa Erichsen (Bacidia) = Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola myriocarpa [Hepp ex] Lönnr. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria murina myriocarpella (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Buellia) = Buellia vernicoma myriocarpum (Lönnr.) Servít (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria murina myriococcum (Ach.) Nyl. (Collema) = Lempholemma polyanthes myriococcum (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Lempholemma) = Lempholemma polyanthes myriococcum (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Physma) = Lempholemma polyanthes myriosora Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia arborea myriospora (Hepp) Anzi (Tromera) = Tromera resinae myriospora Leight. (Verrucaria) = Celothelium ischnobelum myrmecina (Fr.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Hypocenomyce friesii myrrhinum auct. (Placodium) = Lecanora pruinosa myrrhinum Körb. (Placodium circinatum v.) = Lobothallia radiosa myrticola Fée (Chiodecton) = Syncesia myrticola myrtillicola Erichsen (Bacidia) = Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola myrtillicola (Erichsen) Hafellner (Fellhanera) = Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Zahlbr. (Alectoria implexa v.) = Bryoria nadvornikiana nadvornikiana Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria nadvornikiana nadvornikii (Frey & Poelt) N.S.Golub. (Phaeophyscia) = Phaeophyscia kairamoi nadvornikii Frey & Poelt (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia kairamoi nadvornikii Servìt p.p. (Gongylia) = Porpidia glaucophaea nadvornikii Servìt p.p. (Gongylia) = Sagediopsis barbara (Th.Fr.) R.Sant. & Triebel/F naegelii Hepp (Biatora) = Lecania naegelii naegelii (Hepp) Anzi (Bilimbia) = Lecania naegelii naegelii (Hepp) Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Julella lactea naegelii (Hepp) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Lecania naegelii naegelii (Hepp) Zahlbr. (Polyblastiopsis) = Julella lactea nansenii Lynge (Lecidea) = Lecanora formosa 136 nanum (Ach.) [Nyl. ex] Lamy (Leprocaulon) = Leprocaulon microscopicum nanum (Ach.) Ach. (Stereocaulon) = Leprocaulon microscopicum navarrensis Etayo (Lecanora) = Cliostomum flavidulum Hafellner & Kalb nebulosa (Hoffm.) Nyl. (Pannaria) = Moelleropsis nebulosa nebulosa Hoffm. (Patellaria) = Moelleropsis nebulosa nebulosum (Hoffm.) Trevis. (Trachyderma) = Moelleropsis nebulosa nebulosus Vill. (Lichen horizontalis v.) = Peltigera horizontalis nectrospora Nägeli (Pyrenula) = Strigula glabra neesii (Flot.) Körb. (Acolium) = Cyphelium inquinans neesii (Flot.) Trevis. (Cyphelium) = Cyphelium inquinans neesii Flot. (Calicium) = Cyphelium inquinans negativa Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Flavoparmelia caperata negativus Gyeln. (Bryopogon) = Bryoria lanestris neglecta auct. p.p. (Lepraria) = Lepraria caesioalba neglecta Bagl. [in Rabenh.] (Arthonia) = Arthonia pinastri neglecta Degel. (Lecanora gelida f.) = Placopsis gelida neglecta Erichsen (Graphis) = Graphis elegans neglecta (Flörke) Spreng. (Cladonia) = Cladonia pyxidata neglecta Hue (Crocynia) = Lepraria cacuminum neglecta Körb. (Catillaria) = Caloplaca variabilis neglecta Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea rigida neglecta (Nyl.) Hue (Crocynia) = Lepraria neglecta neglecta (Nyl.) Stein (Lecidella) = Lepraria neglecta neglecta Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lepraria neglecta neglecta (Räsänen) Räsänen (Lecanora) = Lecanora umbrosa neglecta Vĕzda (Bacidia) = Bacidina chloroticula neglecta (Vĕzda) Vĕzda (Bacidina) = Bacidina chloroticula neglectula (Nyl.) Sacc. & D.Sacc. (Conida) = Arthonia neglectula Nyl./F neglectula sensu Almq. [non Nyl.] (Arthonia) = Arthonia almquistii Vain./F nemoralis auct. p.p. [non Makar.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora subcarpinea nemoralis Makar. [non auct.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora leptyrodes nemoxyna (Ach.) Arnold (Cladonia) = Cladonia rei nemoxyna (Ach.) Coem. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia rei nemoxyna (Ach.) Flörke (Cenomyce) = Cladonia rei neoimbricata Gyeln. (Peltigera malacea f.) = Peltigera malacea neopolydactyla Gyeln. (Peltigera polydactylon v.) = Peltigera neopolydactyla nephaea auct. [non Sommerf.] (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia atriseda nephaea Sommerf. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia nephaea nericiensis Hellb. (Microglaena) = Protothelenella corrosa nervosa Gyeln. (Peltigera polydactyla v.) = Peltigera neckeri nervosa (Nyl.) Räsänen (Ramalina) = Ramalina sinensis nervosa Nyl. (Ramalina calicaris v.) = Ramalina sinensis neuschildii (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Catillaria atropurpurea ssp.) = Catinaria neuschildii neuschildii (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Catillaria) = Catinaria neuschildii neuschildii Körb. (Biatorina) = Catinaria neuschildii nevadensis H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Lecanora garovaglii nevadensis Werner (Heppia) = Acarospora sp. newtonii Samp. (Lopadium) = Gyalideopsis athalloides nideri J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca biatorina ? nidulans Stenh. (Verrucaria) = Polyblastia nidulans nidulifera Norrl. (Alectoria) = Bryoria furcellata nidulifera Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. nigella (Kremp.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Staurothele) = Staurothele orbicularis niger auct. [non (Huds.) Har.] (Cystocoleus) = Cystocoleus ebeneus 137 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms niger Huds. (Lichen) = Placynthium nigrum nigerrima Fée (Lecanora) = Tephromela atra nigerrima H.Magn. [non Nyl.] (Lecidea) = Lecidea promixta Nyl. [in Sandst.] nigerrima (Nyl.) Arnold (Buellia) = Buellia aethalea nigerrima Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia aethalea nigerrima Saccardo (Buellia) = Dactylospora stygia (Berk. & Curt.) Hafellner/F nigra de Lesd. (Lecanora galactina v. muralis f.) = Lecanora albescens nigra de Lesd. (Lecanora rubrofusca v.) = Lecanora lecideoides nigra Gyeln. (Parmeliella corallinoides v.) = Parmeliella triptophylla nigra (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca variabilis f.) = Caloplaca variabilis nigra Müll.Arg. (Caloplaca variabilis v.) = Caloplaca variabilis nigrata Harm. (Lecanora erysibe f.) = Lecania rabenhorstii nigrata Nyl. (Polyblastia) = Agonimia gelatinosa (Ach.) A.M.Brand & Diederich nigra Tosco [nom.illegit. non (Huds.) Ach.] (Lecidea) = ? nigratum Müll.Arg. (Endopyrenium hepaticum f.) = Placidium semaforonense nigra Vain. (Parmelia) = Allantoparmelia sibirica (Zahlbr.) Essl. nigrella Müll.Arg. (Rinodina) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii nigrescens Anzi (Toninia) = Toninia cinereovirens nigrescens (Anzi) Jatta (Bilimbia) = Toninia cinereovirens nigrescens (Bory) Zahlbr. (Physcia ciliaris v.) = Anaptychia ciliaris nigrescens Erichsen (Pertusaria lactea v.) = Pertusaria lactea nigrescens Gyeln. [non Stirt. nec (Huds.) Ach.] (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia protomatrae nigrescens (Huds.) S.Gray (Lethagrium) = Collema nigrescens nigrescens (Huds.) Trevis. (Synechoblastus) = Collema nigrescens nigrescens Huds. (Lichen) = Collema nigrescens nigrescens J.Novák (Lecothecium) = Placynthium nigrum nigrescens Müll.Arg. (Buellia dubyana v.) = Rinodinella controversa nigrescens (Pers.) A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria nigrescens nigrescens (Pers.) Ach. (Verrucaria umbrina v.) = Verrucaria nigrescens nigrescens sensu A.Massal. (1853) (Lethagrium) = Collema subnigrescens nigrescens (Th.Fr.) Stein (Lecanora) = Lecanora hagenii nigricans Ach. (Cornicularia ochroleuca v.) = Alectoria nigricans nigricans Flörke (Lecanora) = Phaeophyscia nigricans nigricans (Flörke) A.Massal. (Anaptychia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia nigricans nigricans (Flörke) A.Massal. (Hagenia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia nigricans nigricans (Flörke) A.Massal. (Squamaria obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia nigricans nigricans (Flörke) Hazsl. (Physcia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia nigricans nigricans (Flörke) Stizenb. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia nigricans nigricans Fr. (Coniocybe) = Chaenothecopsis pusiola nigricans Jatta (Caloplaca agardhiana v.) = Caloplaca alociza ? nigricans (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca pollinii nigricans (Nyl.) Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria fuscella nigricans (Tuck.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca concilians (Nyl.) H.Olivier nigrificans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Halecania spodomela nigripes (Nyl.) Ahti (Cladonia gracilis ssp.) = Cladonia gracilis ssp. elongata (Wulfen) Vain. nigripes (Nyl.) Ahti (Cladonia gracilis v.) = Cladonia gracilis ssp. elongata (Wulfen) Vain. nigripes (Nyl.) Trass (Cladonia) = Cladonia gracilis ssp. elongata (Wulfen) Vain. nigrita (Flot.) Hillmann (Parmelia) = Allantoparmelia alpicola nigrita Schaer. (Lecidea) = Calvitimela armeniaca nigritella Lettau (Thyrea) = Lichinella nigritella nigritella (Lettau) Henssen (Gonohymenia) = Lichinella nigritella nigritella (Nyl.) Arnold (Polyblastia) = Merismatium nigritellum (Nyl.) vouaux/F nigritula (Nyl.) Mudd (Buellia) = Buellia schaereri nigritula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia schaereri nigroaureolata Servít (Verrucaria parmigera f.) = Verrucaria sp. nigrocaesia Chevall. (Opegrapha lichenoides v.) = Opegrapha varia nigrocarpa Gyeln. (Parmeliella corallinoides v.) = Parmeliella triptophylla nigrocastanea Hue (Acarospora) = Acarospora fuscata nigrocinerea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Sporastatia polyspora nigroclavata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria nigroclavata nigrocruenta Anzi (Lecidea) = Porpidia macrocarpa nigrocruenta (Anzi) Diederich & Sérus. (Porpidia) = Porpidia macrocarpa nigrocruenta (Anzi) Hertel (Huilia) = Porpidia macrocarpa nigrocruentum (Anzi) Hertel (Haplocarpon) = Porpidia macrocarpa nigrofusca Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. nigroglomerata [Leight. ex] Cromb. (Lecidea) = Lecanora formosa nigrogrisea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea siderolithica Müll.Arg. nigroleprosa (Vain.) H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica nigroleprosa nigroleprosa Vain. (Lecanora) = Miriquidica nigroleprosa nigromarginata (Bagl. & Carestia) Jatta (Caloplaca cerina v.) = Caloplaca cerina nigroumbrina Servít [nom.nov. pro Verrucaria nigrescens f. umbrina A.Massal.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. nigrovenosa Savicz & Rassad. (Peltigera polydactyla v.) = Peltigera neckeri nigrum auct. [non (Huds.) Zahlbr.] (Coenogonium) = Cystocoleus ebeneus nigrum auct. p.p. (Calicium) = Calicium abietinum nigrum (Huds.) A.Massal. (Lecothecium) = Placynthium nigrum nigrum (Huds.) Hoffm. (Collema) = Placynthium nigrum nigrum Schaer. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla nimbosa (Fr.) Tr. Fr. (Rinodina) = Phaeorrhiza nimbosa nimbosa Fr. (Parmelia) = Phaeorrhiza nimbosa nitens Anders (Peltigera canina f.) = Peltigera degenii nitens (Anders) Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera degenii nitens (Anders) Oksner (Peltigera degenii f.) = Peltigera degenii nitens (Anders) Szatala (Peltigera praetextata v.) = Peltigera degenii nitens (Anders) Trass (Peltigera degenii v.) = Peltigera degenii nitens auct. [non (Pers.) Ach.] (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia montagnei nitens Pers. (Patellaria) = Protoparmelia sp. ? nitens Th.Fr. (Biatorella) = Strangospora moriformis nitida (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Polyblastia) = Blastodesmia nitida nitida auct. (Lecanora) = Lecanora cadubriae ? PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS nitida Eitner (Buellia) = Buellia uberior nitida Schaer. (Lecidea fumosa v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra nitida Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Lecanora cadubriae nitida Weigel (Sphaeria) = Pyrenula nitida nitida (Weigel) Ach. (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenula nitida nitida (Weigel) Beltr. (Bunodea) = Pyrenula nitida nitida (Weigel) Schrad. (Verrucaria) = Pyrenula nitida nitidella [Flörke ex] Schaer. (Verrucaria nitida v.) = Pyrenula nitidella nitidella (Schaer.) Beltr. (Bunodea nitida v.) = Pyrenula nitidella nitidella (Schaer.) Schaer. (Pyrenula nitida v.) = Pyrenula nitidella nitidula Fr. (Lecidea) = Porpidia crustulata nitidula (Th.Fr.) Vain. (Alectoria) = Bryoria nitidula (Th.Fr.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. nitschkeana [J.Lahm ex] Rabenh. (Bilimbia) = Micarea nitschkeana nitschkeana (Rabenh.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Micarea nitschkeana nivale (Körb.) Tuck. (Placodium) = Caloplaca nivalis nivalis Anzi (Lecidea) = Farnoldia micropsis nivalis (Bagl. & Carestia) Hertel (Buellia) = Diplotomma nivale nivalis (Bagl. & Carestia) Keissl. (Polyschistes) = Diplotomma nivale nivalis Bagl. & Carestia (Leciographa) = Diplotomma nivale nivalis (Körb) A.Massal. (Gyalolechia) = Caloplaca nivalis nivalis (Körb.) Lettau (Candelariella) = Caloplaca nivalis nivalis Körb. (Zeora) = Caloplaca nivalis nivalis (L.) Ach. (Cetraria) = Flavocetraria nivalis nivalis (L.) Randlane & Saag (Allocetraria) = Flavocetraria nivalis nivalis L. (Lichen) = Flavocetraria nivalis nivalis Th.Fr. (Placographa) = Lithographa tesserata nivalis (Tremolecia nivalis v.) = Farnoldia micropsis nivalis Zahlbr. (Verrucaria hochstetteri f.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri nivaria Arnold (Lecidella) = Lecidea nivaria (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. nivea A.Massal. (Lecania fuscella f.) = Lecania fuscella ? nivea Anzi (Rinodina) = Buellia epigaea nivea (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Buellia) = Buellia epigaea nivea de Lesd. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca cerina nivea Fr. (Pertusaria) = Lecanora argentata nivea (Hoffm.) Arnold (Coniocybe pallida v.) = Sclerophora nivea nivea (Hoffm.) Arnold [non Tuck. & Mont. nom.illegit.] (Coniocybe) = Sclerophora nivea nivea Hoffm. (Trichia) = Sclerophora nivea nivea Motyka (Thamnolia subvermicularis v.) = Thamnolia vermicularis v. subuliformis niveoatra Borrer [in Hook. & Sowerby] (Verrucaria) = Opegrapha niveoatra njuljae H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia njuljae (H.Magn.) Räsänen [in Huusk.] nodulosa Dufour [in Fr.] (Parmelia) = Acarospora nodulosa v. nodulosa nodulosa (Dufour) Colmeiro (Lecanora) = Acarospora nodulosa v. nodulosa nodulosa (Dufour) Fr. (Parmelia) = Acarospora nodulosa v. nodulosa nodulosa (Dufour) Hue (Urceolaria) = Acarospora nodulosa v. nodulosa nodulosa (Körb.) H.Olivier (Lecidea) = Miriquidica leucophaea nodulosa Körb. (Lecidella) = Miriquidica leucophaea nodulosa (Lynge)Degel. (Buellia papillata v.) = Buellia nodulosa (Lynge) H.Magn. 138 nodulosum (Wallr.) I.M.Lamb (Stereocaulon vesuvianum v.) = Stereocaulon vesuvianum nolens (Nyl.) Boistel (Pertusaria inquinata f.) = Pertusaria chiodectonoides nolens Nyl. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria chiodectonoides nordlandica H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia nordlandica (H.Magn.) Degel. normalis A.Massal. (Acarospora cervina v.) = Acarospora cervina normalis Gyeln. (Cyanosticta) = Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vain. normalis Th.Fr. (Rinodina mniaraea v.) = Rinodina mniaraea v. mniaraea normanii H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nitrophila normoerica (Gunnerus) Lynge (Cetraria) = Cornicularia normoerica normoericus Gunnerus (Lichen) = Cornicularia normoerica norrlandica Gyeln. (Peltigera suomensis v.) = Peltigera canina norrlandica H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina granulans Vain. norrlinii (Vain.) Lynge (Cladonia acuminata v.) = Cladonia acuminata norrlinii Vain. (Cladonia) = Cladonia acuminata norrlinii Vain. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia ciliata norvegica Gyeln. (Cyanisticta) = Pseudocyphellaria norvegica (Gyeln.) P.James norvegica H.Magn. [nom.nud.] (Gongylia) = Sagediopsis barbara (Th.Fr.) R.Sant. & Triebel/F norvegica Lynge (Cetraria lacunosa f.) = Platismatia norvegica (Lynge) W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. norvegica (Lynge) Du Rietz (Cetraria) = Platismatia norvegica (Lynge) W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. norvegica Norman (Phlyctis) = Thelenella modesta norvegica Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Toninia squalida norvegicum Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium norvegicum (Breuss) Bress norvegicum Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium norvegicum (Breuss) Breuss norvegicum [Vain. ex] Hav. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis debilis notarisiana (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = ? notarisii (A.Massal.) Forssell (Anema) = Anema nummularium notarisii A.Massal. (Omphalaria) = Anema nummularium notarisii (Tul.) Nyl. (Trachylia) = Cyphelium notarisii notarisii (Tul.) Vain. (Pseudacolium) = Cyphelium notarisii notarisii (Tul.) W.A.Weber (Cyphelium tigillare ssp.) = Cyphelium notarisii notarisii Tul. (Acolium) = Cyphelium notarisii notata Th.Fr. (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera didactyla notha (Ach.) Jatta (Opegrapha varia v.) = Opegrapha varia notha Ach. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia nothella Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha zwackii (Zwackh) [Källsten ex] Hafellner/F nothiza (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa grumulosa novochlorophaea Sipman (Cladonia merochlorophaea v.) = Cladonia merochlorophaea novochlorophaea (Sipman) Brodo & Ahti (Cladonia) = Cladonia merochlorophaea nubigena (Kremp.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Caloplaca aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca coccinea nubigena (Kremp.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca coccinea nubigenoides Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca dolomiticola f.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. nubigenum Kremp. (Callopisma ochraceum v.) = Caloplaca coccinea nubila Norman (Biatorina) = Catillaria chalybeia 139 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms nuda (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Parmelia furfuracea v.) = Pseudevernia furfuracea nuda (Bagl. & Carestia) H.Magn. (Rinodina nimbosa f.) = Phaeorrhiza nimbosa nuda Gyeln. (Peltigera scutata f.) = Peltigera collina nuda Opiz (Lecanora atra v.) = Tephromela atra nuda (Schaer.) Anders (Cetraria) = Cetraria sepincola nudiuscula Gyeln. (Peltigera lepidophora f.) = Peltigera lepidophora ? nudiuscula (Schaer.) Nádv. (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca xyloxena nudiuscula (Schaer.) Zahlbr. (Gyrophora cylindrica v.) = Umbilicaria cylindrica v. cylindrica nudum A.Massal. (Collema multifidum v.) = Collema cristatum nudum (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Collema pulposum v.) = Collema tenax numida (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina controversa v.) = Rinodina lecanorina numida Stizenb. (Lecanora controversa v.) = Rinodina lecanorina nummularia (Durieu & Mont.) Zahlbr. (Tyrea) = Anema nummularium nummulariellum Nyl. (Anema) = Anema nummularium nummularium [Dufour ex] Durieu & Mont. [in Durieu] (Collema) = Anema nummularium nummulitica Flagey (Rinodina calcarea v.) = Rinodina calcarea nunatakkorum Poelt (Lecanora) = Aspicilia nunatakkorum (Poelt) [Poelt ex] Hafellner & Türk nuoljae H.Magn. [nom.nud.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria irmscheriana Erichsen nylanderiana Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. nylanderiana Zahlbr. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria nylanderiana nylanderi Anzi (Biatora) = Lecidea nylanderi nylanderi auct. [non Anzi] (Biatora) = Lecanora boligera nylanderi Cout. (Cladonia) = Cladonia firma nylanderi Hepp (Sagedia) = Pyrenocollema caesium nylanderi (Hepp) Lönnr. (Thelidium) = Thelidium pyrenophorum nylanderi (Hepp) Riedl (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema caesium nylanderi (Hepp) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Pyrenocollema caesium nylanderi Räsänen (Lecanora subradiosa v.) = Lecanora swartzii ssp. nylanderi (Räsänen) Leuckert & Poelt nyssaegena (Ellis & Everh.) R.C.Harris (Ditremis) = Anisomeridium polypori nyssaegenum (Ellis & Everh.) R.C.Harris (Anisomeridium) = Anisomeridium polypori nyssaegenum Ellis & Everh. (Zygonella) = Anisomeridium polypori oakesiana (Tuck.) Hale (Tuckermannopsis) = Allocetraria oakesiana oakesiana Tuck. (Cetraria) = Allocetraria oakesiana oakesianum (Tuck.) A.Massal. (Platysma) = Allocetraria oakesiana oasis (A.Massal.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca aurantiaca f.) = Caloplaca oasis oasis A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca oasis obducens H.Olivier (Pertusaria communis v.) = Pertusaria pertusa obducens K.G.W.Lång [nom.nud.] (Gongylia) = Belonia incarnata obductilis (Nyl.) Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria viridula oblita Bagl. & Carestia (Lecidea) = Ainioa mooreana obliterans (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium cirrochroum v.) = Caloplaca obliterans obliterans (Nyl.) Arnold (Physcia) = Caloplaca obliterans obliterans (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca obliterans obliterans (Nyl.) Norrl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca obliterans obliterans (Nyl.) Servít (Caloplaca cirrochroa v.) = Caloplaca obliterans obliterans Nyl. (Placodium) = Caloplaca obliterans obliterascens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca microthallina obliterascens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca microthallina obliterata (Pers.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca saxicola v.) = Caloplaca saxicola ? obliterata (Pers.) Malme sensu Malme (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca marina oblongata (Müll.Arg.) Willey (Pyrenula) = Mycomicrothelia wallrothii (Hepp) D.Hawksw./F obnascens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina obnascens obnubila Th.Fr. & Hellb. [in Th.Fr.] (Lecidea) = Miriquidica obnubila (Th.Fr. & Hellb.) Hertel & Rambold obscura [Ach. ex] Körb. (Arthonia) = Arthonia reniformis obscura auct. [non (Humb.) Fürnr.] (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia ciliata obscura ([Ehrh. ex] Humb.) Fürnr. [non auct.] (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis obscura Eitner (Ionaspis) = Ionaspis odora obscura (Garov.) Servít (Involucrothele) = Thelidium obscurum obscura Garov. (Verrucaria olivacea v.) = Thelidium obscurum obscura H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia obscura (H.Magn.) T.Müll. obscura (Körb.) Schaer. (Arthonia vulgaris v.) = Arthonia reniformis obscurans Nyl. (Endocarpiscon) = Peltula obscurans obscurascens (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Rondon [in Ozenda & Clauzade] (Aspicilia) = Aspicia caesiocinerea obscurascens H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea obscurata (Ach.) Bitter [non auct.] (Parmelia) = Hypogymnia austerodes obscurata (Ach.) Schaer. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon reductum obscurata Ach. (Lecidea petraea v.) = Rhizocarpon reductum obscurata Arnold (Rinodina calcarea v.) = Rinodina teichophila obscurata auct. (Hypogymnia) = Hypogymnia bitteri obscurata auct. et sensu Bitter (Parmelia) = Hypogymnia bitteri obscurata (Fr.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia obscurata (Fr.) Arnold obscurata H.Magn. (Rinodina exigua v.) = Rinodina gennarii obscurata J.Steiner (Rinodina bischoffii f.) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii obscurata (Nyl.) Vain. (Anaptychia) = Heterodermia obscurata obscurata Nyl. (Physcia) = Heterodermia obscurata obscurata sensu Nádv. (Sphinctrina) = Sphinctrina leucopoda obscurata (Servít) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa parmigera obscurata (Sommerf.) Rehm (Mycobilimbia) = Mycobilimbia tetramera obscurata (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Bilimbia) = Mycobilimbia tetramera obscurata (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Mycobilimbia tetramera obscura Th.Fr. (Caloplaca ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca atroflava obscuratula Nyl. (Heppia) = Peltula obscuratula (Nyl.) [Poelt ex] Egea obscuratum (Ach.) A.Massal. [non auct.] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon lavatum obscuratum auct. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS obscurella [J.Lahm ex] Körb. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca obscurella obscurella Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. obscurella (Sommerf.) Arnold (Biatora) = Lecanora cadubriae obscurella (Sommerf.) Hedl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora cadubriae obscurella (Sommerf.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecanora cadubriae obscurellum (Körb.) J.Lahm (Callopisma) = Caloplaca obscurella obscurior Th.Fr. (Bacidia beckhausii v.) = Bacidia beckhausii obscuripes Nyl. (Coniocybe) = Sclerophora coniophaea (Norman) J.Mattsson & Middelb. obscurissima (Nyl.) Maheu & A.Gillet (Aspicilia) = Orphniospora mosigii obscurissima (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Orphniospora mosigii obscurissima Nyl. (Lecidea tenebrosa v.) = Orphniospora mosigii obscurum A.Massal. (Coniocarpon gregarium v.) = Arthonia cinnabarina ? obscurum Hoffm. (Collema) = Collema tenax obsolescens Trevis. (Dimelaena adglutinata v.) = Hyperphyscia adglutinata obsoleta Arnold (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia albida obsoleta (Arnold) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia albida obsoleta Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina obsoleta Oksner (Phylloporina) = Porina oxneri obsoleta (Oksner) Hafellner & Kalb (Pseudosagedia) = Porina oxneri obstans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia dissipabilis obtecta (Arnold) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Verrucaria hochstetteri v.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri obtecta (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Verrucaria dolomitica v.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri obtecta (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Verrucaria hochstetteri f.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri obtecta (Vain.) Hav. (Aspicilia) = Hymenelia obtecta (Vain.) Poelt & Vĕzda obtecta Vain. (Lecanora) = Hymenelia obtecta (Vain.) Poelt & Vĕzda obtectum Arnold (Amphoridium dolomiticum v.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri obtectum (Arnold) Arnold (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria hochstetteri obtegens (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. (Biatora coarctata v.) = Trapelia obtegens obtegens (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea coarctata v.) = Trapelia obtegens obtegens (Th.Fr.) Vain. (Lecidea) = Trapelia obtegens obtegens Th.Fr. (Biatora coarctata ssp.) = Trapelia obtegens obtenebrans Nyl. (Collemopsis) = Psorotichia obtenebrans obturbans (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Tylothallia biformigera (Leight.) P.James & H.Kilias obtusa (Leight.) Mudd (Graphis dendritica v.) = Phaeographis dendritica obtusata Arnold (Ramalina minuscula v.) = Ramalina obtusata obtusata Schaer. (Cetraria aculeata v.) = Cetraria obtusata obvallata H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia obvallata (H.Magn.) “R.Sant.” occidentale Kunze (Coscinacladium) = Lecanora lisbonensis occidentalis (Å.E.Dahl) Kristinsson [non sensu Kristinsson] (Peltigera) = Peltigera neopolydactyla occidentalis Å.E.Dahl (Peltigera scabrosa v.) = Peltigera neopolydactyla occidentalis Lynge (Lecidea) = Lecidea tessellata occidentalis Lynge (Rinodina) = Rinodina calcigena (Th.Fr.) Lynge 140 occidentalis Lynge = (Lecanora frustulosa v.) = Lecanora argopholis occidentalis R.C.Harris (Pyrenula neglecta ssp.) = Pyrenula occidentalis occidentalis sensu Kristinsson (Peltigera) = Peltigera kristinssonii occulta Erichsen (Pertusaria alpina v.) = Pertusaria alpina occulta Körb. (Buellia) = Rinodina occulta occultatum (Bagl.) Zahlbr. (Leptogium) = Collema occultatum ocellaris Vain. (Lecidea) = Biatora ocelliformis ocellata Erichsen (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia endophoenicea ocellata (Flot.) Branth. & Rostr. [non (Hoffm.) Arnold] (Rinodina) = Buellia ocellata ocellata Flot. (Lecidea petraea v.) = Buellia ocellata ocellata (Hoffm.) Ach. (Urceolaria) = Rinodina lecanorina ocellata (Hoffm.) Arnold [non (Flot.) Branth & Rostr.] (Rinodina) = Rinodina lecanorina ocellata (Hoffm.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina lecanorina ocellata Hoffm. (Verrucaria) = Rinodina lecanorina ocellata (Th.Fr.) Forssell (Psorotichia) = Thelignya lignyota ocellata Th.Fr. (Pyrenopsis) = Thelignya lignyota ocellata (Vill.) DC. (Urceolaria) = Diploschistes ocellatus ocellatum (Hoffm.) Duby (Placodium) = Rinodina lecanorina ocellatum (Körb.) Trevis. (Cyphelium) = Thelomma ocellatum ocellatum Körb. (Acolium) = Thelomma ocellatum ocellatus (Th.Fr.) Henssen (Porocyphus) = Thelignya lignyota ocellatus Vill. (Lichen) = Diploschistes ocellatus ocelliformis (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (Lecidea atroviridis f.) = Biatora ocelliformis ocelliformis (Nyl.) Branth & Rostr. (Bilimbia) = Biatora ocelliformis ocelliformis (Nyl.) Erichsen (Catillaria prasina f.) = Biatora ocelliformis ocelliformis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Biatora ocelliformis ocellulata (A.Massal.) Bagl. (Lecanora hagenii v.) = Lecanora hagenii ocellulata [A.Massal. ex] Arnold (Lecanora frustulosa f.) = Lecanora gangaleoides ocellulata A.Massal. (Lecanora sommerfeltiana v.) = Lecanora hagenii ocellulata (Ach.) Boistel (Caloplaca variabilis ssp.) = Caloplaca chalybaea ocellulata (Ach.) Boistel (Caloplaca variabilis v.) = Caloplaca chalybaea ocellulata (Arnold) Jatta (Lecanora argopholis v.) = Lecanora gangaleoides ocellulata Bagl. & Carestia (Rinodina) = Buellia aethalea ocellulata Körb. (Lecidea fumosa v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra ochracea Ach. (Lecidea daphoena v.) = Lecidea lithophila ? ochracea Anzi (Aspicilia polychroma v.) = Aspicilia polychroma ? ochracea Anzi (Biatora rupestris v.) = Protoblastenia incrustans v. coniasis ochracea Anzi (Urceolaria) = Ingvariella bispora ochracea Dufour (Arthonia) = Arthonia elegans ochracea (Hepp) Körb. (Lecidella) = Clauzadea monticola ochracea (Hepp) Zwackh (Lecidea) = Clauzadea monticola ochracea (Körb.) Müll.Arg. (Caloplaca variabilis f.) = Caloplaca chalybaea ochracea Körb. (Lecanora alpina v.) = Bellemerea alpina ochracea (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca aegyptiaca v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder ochracea Müll.Arg. (Caloplaca variabilis v.) = Caloplaca variabilis ochracea Müll.Arg. (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina immersa 141 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms ochracea (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Xanthocarpia) = Caloplaca ochracea ochracea (Schaer.) Syd. (Gyalolechia) = Caloplaca ochracea ochracea (Schaer.) Trevis. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca ochracea ochracea Schaer. (Lecidea) = Caloplaca ochracea ochracea Th.Fr. (Lecidea polycarpa f.) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina ochracea Werner (Toninia) = Toninia sedifolia ? ochracella (Nyl.) H.Magn. (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia heteromorpha ochraceoferruginea Schaer. (Gyalecta acharii v.) = Ionaspis lacustris ochraceorosea Werner (Lecanora) = Lecanora rubicunda ochraceum (Dufour) Fr. (Coniocarpon) = Arthonia elegans ochraceum Müll.Arg. (Callopisma aegyptiacum v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder ochraceum (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca ochracea ochraceum (Schaer.) Anzi (Placodium) = Caloplaca ochracea ochraceus (Anzi) Poelt [comb.inval.] (Diploschistes bisporus v.) = Ingvariella bispora ochrata J.Steiner (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina guzzinii ochrinaeta Ach. (Lecanora) = Lecanora subcarnea ochrochlora Ach. (Lecidea) = Porpidia crustulata ochrochlora Flörke (Cladonia) = Cladonia coniocraea ? ochrococca (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia ochrococcca ochrococca Nyl. (Lecidea) = Protoparmelia ochrococcca ochroidea (Ach.) Ach. (Lecanora subcarnea v.) = Lecanora ochroidea ochroidea (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecanora ochroidea ochroidea (Ach.) Arnold (Zeora subcarnea v.) = Lecanora ochroidea ochroideus Ach. (Lichen) = Lecanora ochroidea ochrolechiae Poelt & Nimis [in Nimis & Poelt] (Rhizocarpon lusitanicum v.) = Rhizocarpon ochrolechiae ochrolemma (Vain.) Brodo & R.Sant. (Porpidia) = Hymenelia ochrolemma ochrolemma (Vain.) Hue (Aspicilia) = Hymenelia ochrolemma ochrolemma Vain. (Pertusaria) = Hymenelia ochrolemma ochroleuca (A.Massal.) Jatta (Caloplaca aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. ochroleuca A.Massal. (Cladonia rangiferina v.) = Cladonia ciliata ochroleuca (Hoffm.) DC. (Cornicularia) = Alectoria ochroleuca ochroleuca Hoffm. (Usnea) = Alectoria ochroleuca ochroleucum A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. ochroleucum auct. medioeur. p.p. (Haematomma) = Lecanora thysanophora ochroleucum Körb. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis ochroleuca ochroleucus (Hoffm.) Link (Bryopogon) = Alectoria ochroleuca ochroleucus Neck. (Lichen) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. ochroleucum ochromatica (Wallr.) Schaer. (Parmelia diffusa v.) = Parmeliopsis ambigua ochromela (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea confluens v.) = Porpidia macrocarpa ochromela (Ach.) Anzi (Lecidea) = Porpidia macrocarpa ochromela (Ach.) Arnold (Lecidella) = Porpidia macrocarpa ochromela (Ach.) Hepp (Biatora) = Porpidia macrocarpa ochromela (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecidea lapicida v.) = Porpidia macrocarpa ochromela Arnold (Lecidea lactea f.) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina ochromela (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Lecidea pantherina f.) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina ochromelaena (Nyl.) Arnold (Lecidea subterluescens f.) = Lecidea lapicida ochromeliza (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Lecidea subterluescens v.) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina ochromeliza Nyl. (Lecidea declinascens f.) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina ochromma Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albellula ochrophanes Lettau (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes gypsaceus ochrophanes (Lettau) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Diploschistes scruposus ssp.) = Diploschistes gypsaceus ochrophora (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatorella) = Biatorella ochrophora ochrophora (Nyl.) R.A.Anderson (Strangospora) = Biatorella ochrophora ochrophora Nyl. (Lecidea) = Biatorella ochrophora ochrorufa H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Gypsoplaca macrophylla (Zahlbr.) Timdal ochrostoma ([Borrer ex] Leight.) Servít (Verrucaria cataleptoides v.) = Verrucaria ochrostoma ochrostomoides Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albellula? ochrotropa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon reductum ochrotropum (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum octomela Norman (Pertusaria glomerata v.) = Pertusaria octomela (Norman) Erichsen octospora Arnold (Solorina saccata v.) = Solorina octospora octospora Couderc (Koerberia) = Koerberia sonomensis octosporum Looman (Pyrenidium) = Chromatochlamys muscorum v. octospora oculata (Dicks.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Pertusaria oculata oculatum (Dicks.) A.Massal. (Lecanidium) = Pertusaria oculata oculatus Dicks. (Lichen) = Pertusaria oculata odontella Martel (Lecanora) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. subplanata ? odora [Ach. ex] Schaer. (Gyalecta) = Ionaspis odora odora (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Aspicilia) = Ionaspis odora odora (Schaer.) Trevis. (Pinacisca) = Ionaspis odora oederi (Ach.) Schaer. (Urceolaria) = Tremolecia atrata oederi Weber (Lichen) = Rhizocarpon oederi oederi (Weber) Körb. (Rhizocarpon petraeum v.) = Rhizocarpon oederi olbiensis (Nyl.) Clauzade (Toninia olivacea v.) = Solenopsora olivacea ssp. olbiensis olbiensis Nyl. (Lecanora) = Solenopsora olivacea ssp. olbiensis oleae (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Limboria) = Leptorhaphis oleae oleae A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Leptorhaphis oleae oleae Jatta (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea oleae Körb. (Microthelia) = Peridothelia oleae (Körb.) D.Hawksw./F oleae Reichert & Galun (Lecanora) = Lecanora horiza oleaginea Harm. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia oleaginea oleandri (Rabenh.) Redgr. (Arthonia punctiformis f.) = Arthonia punctiformis oleandri Rabenh. [in Bagl.] (Arthonia) = Arthonia glaucella olearum Castagne (Sphaeria) = Requienella seminuda oleicola auct. medit. (Buellia) = Amandinea punctata oleicola J.Steiner (Blastenia) = Caloplaca oleicola oleifera H.Magn. (Heppia) = Peltula radicata Nyl. oleosa Zahlbr. [in Hand.- Mazz.] (Lecanora) = Squamarina oleosa oleosum Breuss (Catapyrenium lachneum v.) = Placidium lachneum v. oleosum (Breuss) Breuss oligospora (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca tetraspora oligospora Nyl. (Lecanora) = Acarospora oligospora PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS oligotropha (J.R.Laundon) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Saccomorpha) = Placynthiella oligotropha oligotropha J.R.Laundon (Lecidea) = Placynthiella oligotropha olivacea (A.Massal.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca chalybaea olivacea A.Massal. (Pyrenodesmia) = Caloplaca chalybaea olivacea Ach. (Arthonia punctiformis v.) = Arthonia punctiformis olivacea Ach. (Lepraria) = Lepraria botryoides olivacea Anzi (Squamaria alphoplaca v.) = Lobothallia alphoplaca olivacea auct. [non (Pers.) A.L.Sm.] (Porina) = Porina borreri olivacea auct.ital. p.p. (Parmelia) = Melanelia glabra olivacea Bagl. & Carestia (Aspicilia) = Immersaria cupreoatra olivacea [Dufour ex] Fr. (Biatora) = Solenopsora olivacea ssp. olivacea olivacea (Fr.) A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Thelidium olivaceum olivacea (Fr.) Anzi (Biatorina) = Solenopsora olivacea ssp. olivacea olivacea (Fr.) Bagl. (Ricasolia) = Solenopsora olivacea ssp. olivacea olivacea (Fr.) Clauzade (Toninia) = Solenopsora olivacea ssp. olivacea olivacea (Fr.) Servít (Involucrothele) = Thelidium olivaceum olivacea (Fr.) Szatala (Placodiella) = Solenopsora olivacea ssp. olivacea olivacea (Fr.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Solenopsora olivacea ssp. olivacea olivacea Fr. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium olivaceum olivacea (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma olivacea (Hoffm.) Fr. (Lecidea enteroleuca v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma olivacea (Hoffm.) Hazsl. (Lecidella) = Lecidella elaeochroma olivacea (Hoffm.) Mong. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma olivacea (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Melanelia olivacea olivacea (L.) DC. (Imbricaria) = Melanelia olivacea olivacea M.Jørg. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria olivacea olivacea Opiz (Lecidea) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea olivacella Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecania olivacella olivacella Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. olivaceoatra H.Magn. (Toninia) = Toninia cinereovirens olivaceofusca Anzi (Buellia lactea v.) = Buellia spuria olivaceofusca (Anzi) Jatta (Buellia spuria v.) = Buellia spuria olivaceofusca (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Buellia) = Buellia spuria olivaceum (de Lesd.) H.Magn. (Thelocarpon intermixtulum v.) = Thelocarpon olivaceum olivaceus L. (Lichen) = Melanelia olivacea olivetorina Zopf (Evernia) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. ceratea olivetorina (Zopf) Zahlbr. (Parmelia furfuracea v.) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. ceratea olivetorina (Zopf) Zopf (Pseudevernia furfuracea v.) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. ceratea olivetorina (Zopf) Zopf (Pseudevernia) = Pseudevernia furfuracea v. ceratea olivetorum Nyl. (Parmelia) = Cetrelia olivetorum olivetorum Samp. (Leptorhaphis epidermidis v.) = Leptorhaphis oleae olivicolor Servít (Verrucaria kernstockii v.) = Verrucaria rheitrophila olivieri Samp. (Rinodina confragosa v.) = Rinodina santorinensis v. olivieri (Samp.) H.Mayrhofer & Sattler olivieri Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora rubicunda ollare (Ach.) Trevis. (Cyphelium inquinans v.) = Cyphelium inquinans ollare Ach. (Cyphelium) = Cyphelium inquinans 142 omora A.Massal. (Blastenia ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca cerina omphalarioides Anzi (Collema) = Staurolemma omphalarioides omphalarioides (Anzi) Arnold (Physma) = Staurolemma omphalarioides omphalarioides (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Lempholemma) = Staurolemma omphalarioides omphaliza Lettau (Lecidea) = Lecidea umbonata omphaliza Nyl. [in Eckfeldt] (Heppia) = Peltula omphaliza omphalodes (L.) Fr. (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia omphalodes omphalodes (L.) Körb. (Imbricaria saxatilis v.) = Parmelia omphalodes omphalodes L. (Lichen) = Parmelia omphalodes oolithina Nyl. (Lecidea) = Clauzadea metzleri ooliticola Walt.Watson (Catillaria) = Arthonia lapidicola opaca [Dufour ex] Fr. (Lecidea) = Placolecis opaca opaca (Fr.) A.Massal. (Psora) = Placolecis opaca opaca (Fr.) Bagl. (Astroplaca) = Placolecis opaca opaca (Fr.) Jatta (Biatora) = Placolecis opaca opaca H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora impressula opegraphina (Ach.) Ach.) (Arthonia astroidea v.) = Arthonia cinnabarina opegraphoides A.Massal. (Coniocarpon gregarium v.) = Arthonia cinnabarina opegraphoides Bagl. (Arthothelium beccarianum v.) = Arthonia beccariana opegraphoides Bagl. [non Nyl.] (Melaspilea) = Melaspilea bagliettoana opegraphoides DC. (Aspicilia calcarea f.) = Aspicilia calcarea ophiospora (Hellb.) Th.Fr. (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum ophiosporum (Hellb.) Hav. ophiosporum Hellb. (Scalidium) = Scoliciosporum ophiosporum (Hellb.) Hav. ophthalmiza Nyl. (Pertusaria multipuncta v.) = Pertusaria ophthalmiza oportense Vain. (Rhizocarpon viridiatrum v.) = Rhizocarpon oportense opponens (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Lecanactis) = Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata opponens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata opuntiae Bagl. (Lecania) = Lecania koerberiana opuntiella Buschardt & Poelt [in Poelt] (Physcia) = Agonimia opuntiella opuntiella (Poelt & Buschardt) Hafellner (Phaeophyscia) = Agonimia opuntiella opuntioides Vill. (Lichen) = Toninia opuntioides orbata (Ach.) Jatta (Rinodina turfacea v.) = Rinodina turfacea orbata (Ach.) Vain. (Rinodina) = Rinodina turfacea orbiculare A.Massal. (Callopisma luteo-album v.) = Caloplaca flavorubescens orbiculare A.Massal. (Callopisma luteoalbum v.) = Caloplaca pyracea orbiculare A.Massal. (Coniangium krempelhuberi f.) = Arthonia patellulata ? orbiculare A.Massal. (Dermatocarpon ambrosianum v.) = Staurothele ambrosiana orbiculare A.Massal. (Rhizocarpon petraeum v.) = Rhizocarpon petraeum orbiculare (Schaer.) Arnold (Lethagrium) = Collema polycarpon orbiculare (Schaer.) Rabenh. (Collema stygium v.) = Collema polycarpon orbiculare (Schaer.) Tonglet (Collema) = Collema polycarpon orbicularis A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia fraxini v.) = Naetrocymbe fraxini 143 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms orbicularis A.Massal. (Porphyriospora) = Staurothele orbicularis orbicularis A.Massal. (Verrucaria dufourii f.) = Verrucaria dufourii orbicularis auct. p.p. (Staurothele) = Staurothele guestphalica orbicularis de Lesd. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra orbicularis Garov. [in herb. Müll.Arg.] (Arthonia) = Arthonia punctiformis orbicularis (Neck.) A.Massal. (Anaptychia obscura f.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis orbicularis (Neck.) Eschw. (Parmelia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis orbicularis (Neck.) Poetsch (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis orbicularis Neck. (Lichen) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis orbicularis (Schaer.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Synechoblastus) = Collema polycarpon orbicularis Schaer. (Lecanora polytropa v.) = Lecanora orbicularis orbicularis Schaer. (Parmelia elegans v.) = Xanthoria elegans ssp. orbicularis orbicularis Schaer. (Parmelia stygia v.) = Collema polycarpon orbicularis Trevis. (Leiophloea punctiformis v.) = Naetrocymbe fraxini orbiculata (Schreb.) Zahlbr. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria albescens orcularia H.Mayrhofer & Poelt (Rinodina) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii orculariopsis H.Mayrhofer (Rinodina) = Rinodina sicula oreadum (Stizenb.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca conversa oreadum (Stizenb.) Mig. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca conversa oreadum Stizenb. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca conversa oreina (Ach.) A.Massal. (Rinodina) = Dimelaena oreina oreina (Ach.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Dimelaena oreina oreina (Ach.) Trevis. (Beltraminia) = Dimelaena oreina oreina Ach. (Lecanora straminea Ach. v.) = Dimelaena oreina oreites (Vain.) Eitner (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon alpicola oreites (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon alpicola oribata (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bacidia atrosanguinea ssp.) = Toninia coelestina oribata (Nyl.) Leight. (Lecidea) = Toninia coelestina oribata (Nyl.) P.James (Toninia) = Toninia coelestina oribata Nyl. (Lecidea subincompta ssp.) = Toninia coelestina ornata (Nádv.) Moberg (Physcia dimidiata v.) = Physcia dimidiata ? ornata Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. ornata (Sommerf.) Hertel (Trapelia) = Trapelia involuta ornata (Sommerf.) Hue (Lecidea) = Trapelia involuta ornata (Sommerf.) Nyl. (Lecidea coarctata v.) = Trapelia involuta ornata (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Biatora coarctata v.) = Trapelia involuta ornata Sommerf. (Lecanora coarctata v.) = Trapelia involuta ornicolum (Stein) Nádv. (Mycocalicium) = Phaeocalicium mildeanum oroarctica Krog (Hypogymnia) = Brodoa oroarctica (Krog) Goward orosthea (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecanora orosthea orosthea (Ach.) Flagey (Lecanora sulphurea v.) = Lecanora orosthea orosthea (Ach.) Flot. (Zeora) = Lecanora orosthea orosthea (Ach.) W.Mann (Biatora) = Lecanora orosthea orostheus Ach. (Lichen) = Lecanora orosthea orphnaeilla Stirt. (Lecidea) = Rimularia furvella (Mudd) Hertel & Rambold orphninum (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum orustensis Erichsen (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema orustense oryctogena Anzi (Pannaria triptophylla v.) = Parmeliella triptophylla osloensis Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Micarea osloensis (Th.Fr.) Hedl. ossicola Erichsen (Lecanora) = Lecanora campestris osteola (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (Bryoria) = Bryoria implexa osteola Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria implexa ostreata Anzi (Acarospora glaucocarpa v.) = Acarospora glaucocarpa ostreata (Anzi) Jatta (Acarospora glaucocarpa f.) = Acarospora cervina ostreata (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Lecidea) = Hypocenomyce scalaris ostreata (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. (Biatora) = Hypocenomyce scalaris ostreata Hoffm. (Psora) = Hypocenomyce scalaris ostreata Nyl. (Cladonia macilenta v.) = Cladonia macilenta ostrobothniae H.Magn. (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon nanodes ostrobotniae Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria capillaris ostrogothica Malme (Bacidia) = Lecidella stigmatea oxydata (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Rinodina oxydata oxydata A.Massal. (Mischoblastia) = Rinodina oxydata oxydata Anzi (Aspicilia cinerea v.) = Bellemerea diamarta oxydata Anzi (Lecidea polycarpa v.) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina oxydata Fr. (Lecidea albocaerulescens v.) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina oxydata Fr. (Lecidea atroalba v.) = Rhizocarpon oederi oxydata H.Magn. (Lecidea paupercula f.) = Lecidea paupercula Th.Fr. oxydata Kernst. (Lecidea meiospora f.) = Porpidia crustulata oxydata (Körb.) Arnold (Lecidea platycarpa v.) = Porpidia macrocarpa oxydata (Körb.) Harm. (Lecidea contigua f.) = Porpidia macrocarpa oxydata (Körb.) Vain. (Lecidea macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia macrocarpa oxydata (Körb.) Vain. (Lecidea steriza f.) = Porpidia macrocarpa oxydata Körb. (Lecidea confluens v.) = Lecidea confluens oxydata Körb. (Lecidea platycarpa f.) = Porpidia macrocarpa oxydata [Rabenh. ex] Arnold (Lecidea crustulata f.) = Porpidia crustulata oxydata Rabenh. (Lecidea lapicida f.) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina oxydata Torss. [nom.nud.] (Lecidea lapicida v.) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina oxyspora Almq. (Arthonia) = Hymenobia aporea (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. & O.E.Erikss. [in O.E.Erikss.]/F oxyspora (Nyl.) Anzi (Campylacia) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis oxyspora (Nyl.) Hepp (Pyrenula) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis oxyspora (Nyl.) Körb. (Leptorhaphis) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis oxyspora (Nyl.) Mudd (Arthopyrenia) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis oxyspora (Nyl.) Tuck. (Sagedia) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis oxyspora Nyl. (Lecidea) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis oxyspora Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis oxysporum (Nyl.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Leptorhaphis epidermidis oxytona (Ach.) A.Massal. (Acarospora) = Pleopsidium flavum oxytona (Ach.) A.Massal. (Gussonea) = Pleopsidium flavum oxytona (Ach.) Jatta (Acarospora chlorophana v.) = Pleopsidium flavum oxytona Ach. (Lecanora) = Pleopsidium flavum oxytonum (Ach.) Rabenh. (Pleopsidium) = Pleopsidium flavum PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS pachnea Körb. (Microthelia) = Mycomicrothelia pachnea (Körb.) D.Hawksw./F pachnodes A.Massal. (Lecanora agardhianoides v.) = Lecanora agardhiana pachnodes A.Massal. [nom.nud.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora agardhiana pachycarpa ([Delise ex] Duby) A.Massal. (Bombyliospora= = Megalospora pachycarpa pachycarpa Samp. (Lecanora) = Lecanora swartzii ssp. swartzii pachylepidea (Hellb.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora crassa ssp.) = Squamarina pachylepidea (Hellb.) Poelt pachylepideum Hellb. (Placodium saxicola v.) = Squamarina pachylepidea (Hellb.) Poelt pachylepis Anzi (Endocarpon) = Neocatapyrenium radicescens pachylepis (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Neocatapyrenium radicescens pachyphylla Flot. (Peltigera rufescens v.) = Peltigera rufescens pachysporum Zschacke (Thelidium) = Thelidium decipiens pachythallina Th.Fr. (Lecanora atra f.) = Tephromela atra v. calcarea padi Rabenh. (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis paepalostoma (Anzi) Arnold (Pyrenodesmia) = Caloplaca variabilis paepalostoma (Anzi) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca variabilis f.) = Caloplaca variabilis paepalostoma (Anzi) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca variabilis paepalostomum (Anzi) Jatta (Callopisma) = Caloplaca variabilis paepalostomum Anzi (Placodium) = Caloplaca variabilis palamaea (Ach.) Nyl. (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia furcata paleaceum (Fr.) Nyl. (Psoroma) = Psoroma hypnorum v. paleaceum (Fr.) Rostr. palestinica Räsänen (Lecanora) = Lecanora horiza pallens (Fr.) Stein (Sporastatia testudinea v.) = Sporastatia testudinea pallens Nyl. (Xylographa parallela v.) = Xylographa parallela pallescens A.Massal. (Lecanora) = Lecanora subcarnea pallescens Anzi (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia cupularis pallescens Anzi (Verrucaria glaucina f.) = Verrucaria sp. pallescens (Anzi) Servít (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria sp. ? pallescens Erichsen (Cetraria islandica v.) = Cetraria islandica pallescens (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. (Parmeliopsis) = Imshaugia aleurites pallescens Jatta (Bilimbia naegelii f.) = Lecania naegelii pallescens (L.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Ochrolechia parella ssp.) = Ochrolechia pallescens pallescens (L.) Fr. (Parmelia) = Ochrolechia pallescens pallescens (L.) Fr. [non A.Massal.] (Lecanora) = Ochrolechia pallescens pallescens L. (Lichen) = Ochrolechia pallescens pallescens (Vain.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora smaragdula v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula pallida Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca subochracea f.) = Caloplaca subochracea pallidae [Rehm ex] Almq. (Arthonia glaucomaria v.) = Arthonia subfuscicula (Linds.) Triebel/F pallida Flot. (Lecanora badia v.) = Protoparmelia badia pallida H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina gennarii pallida (Pers.) Arnold (Coniocybe nivea v.) = Sclerophora nivea pallida (Pers.) Fr. (Coniocybe) = Sclerophora nivea pallida Sambo (Lecanora chrysoleuca v.) = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca ? pallida (Schreb.) Rabenh. [non Chévall.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora albella pallida (Schreb.) Trevis. (Patellaria) = Lecanora albella 144 pallida Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Pilophorus dovrensis (Nyl.) Timdal, Hertel & Rambold pallida Tosco (Parmelia saxatilis f.) = Parmelia saxatilis pallidelutea Garov. (Verrucaria) = Polyblastia forana pallidior Gyeln. (Alectoria bicolor f.) = Bryoria bicolor pallidovenosa Savicz & Rassad. (Peltigera horizontalis v.) = Peltigera horizontalis pallidum (Ach.) Mudd (Dermatocarpon) = Endocarpon pallidum pallidum auct. p.p. [non Ach.] (Endocarpon) = Endocarpon adscendens pallidus Schreb. (Lichen) = Lecanora albella pallidus (Th.Fr.) Timdal (Pilophorus) = Pilophorus dovrensis (Nyl.) Timdal, Hertel & Rambold palmata (Delise [in Duby]) Gyeln. (Peltigera rufescens v.) = Peltigera rufescens palmata Delise [in Duby] (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera rufescens palmatum (Huds.) Mont. (Leptogium) = Leptogium corniculatum palmatus sensu Ach. (Lichen) = Collema tenax pammicta Stirt. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina panaeola (Ach.) Anzi (Psora) = Amygdalaria panaeola panaeola (Ach.) Hertel (Huilia) = Amygdalaria panaeola panaeola Ach. (Lecidea) = Amygdalaria panaeola pancina A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia persoonii v.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis paneveggiensis Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria sp. panizzei auct. [non De Not.] (Ramalina) = Ramalina subgeniculata pannariellum Nyl. (Pterygium) = Placynthium pannariellum pannariiformis (Lamy) Vain. (Parmelia) = Melanelia panniformis pannarioides [Körb. ex] Stein (Rinodina) = Rinodina tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre panniculosa Erichsen (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla panniforme (Lamy) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum panniformis Ach. (Parmelia omphalodes v.) = Parmelia omphalodes ssp. pinnatifida (Kurok.) Skult panniformis (Nyl.) Vain. (Parmelia) = Melanelia panniformis panniformis Nyl. (Parmelia prolixa f.) = Melanelia panniformis panniformis (Vain.) Gyeln. (Peltigera polydactyloides f.) = Peltigera malacea panniformis Vain. (Peltigera malacea f.) = Peltigera malacea pannosa Trevis. (Parmelia olivacea v.) = Melanelia fuliginosa ssp. glabratula pannosum (Hoffm.) Rabenh. (Collema velutinum v.) = Thermutis velutina pannosum Hoffm. (Collema) = Thermutis velutina pannosum Hy (Spilonema) = Spilonema paradoxum pantaleonis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. pantherina A.Massal. (Aspicilia polygonia v.) = Aspicilia recedens ? pantherina (Ach.) Stein (Lecidella) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina pantherina (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina pantosticta Ach. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea lygaea papillaria (Ehrh.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Pycnothelia papillaria papillaria (Ehrh.) Hoffm. (Cladonia) = Pycnothelia papillaria papillata Arnold (Aspicilia cinerea f.) = Aspicilia mashiginensis papillata Poelt (Caloplaca aurantia v.) = Caloplaca aurantia 145 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms papillata (Räsänen) Verseghy (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia alboflavescens papillata (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Buellia parasema v.) = Buellia papillata papillata Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Buellia papillata papillifera (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Xanthoria papillifera (Vain.) Poelt papillosa (de Lesd.) Hillmann (Xanthoria polycarpa v.) = Xanthoria polycarpa papillosum (Anzi) Müll.Arg. (Dermatocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum papularis (Fr.) Servít (Polyblastia) = Thelidium papulare papularis Fr. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium papulare papulosa Anzi (Imbricaria olivacea f.) = Melanelia exasperatula papulosa (Anzi) Vain. [non Mont.] (Parmelia) = Melanelia exasperatula papulosum (Ach.) Degel. (Collema cristatum ssp.) = Collema cristatum papulosum Ach. (Collema) = Collema cristatum papulosum (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Collema pulposum v.) = Collema tenax papyraceum auct. p.p. (Nephroma) = Nephroma bellum papyraceum (Hoffm.) De Not. (Nephroma) = Nephroma resupinatum paracarpa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Stereocaulon cumulatum (Sommerf.) Timdal paradoxa (Ehrh.) Hoffm. (Psora) = Toninia sedifolia paradoxa Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. paralia Nyl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia phaeobea parallela (Ach.) Redinger (Xylographa abietina v.) = Xylographa parallela parallela Leight. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra paramauroides Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. parameca (A.Massal.) Stizenb. (Verrucaria) = Leptorhaphis parameca parameca A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Leptorhaphis parameca paramecum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Leptorhaphis parameca paranigrescens Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. parapetraea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeum parapetraeum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeum parapinguis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. parasema (Ach.) De Not. (Buellia) = Buellia disciformis parasema auct. p.p. [non (Ach.) Ach.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma parasemella (Nyl.) Houmeau & Cl.Roux (Hafellnera) = Schaereria parasemella (Nyl.) Lumbsch parasemus Ach. [nom.illegit.] (Lichen) = Buellia disciformis parasitaster (Bagl. & Carestia) Zopf (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis parasitaster parasitaster Bagl. & Carestia (Calicium pusillum v.) = Chaenothecopsis parasitaster parasitica (A.Massal.) H.Olivier (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rupestris parasitica A.Massal. (Leciographa) = Opegrapha rupestris parasitica Bagl. (Catillaria athallina f.) = Toninia episema ? parasitica (de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Lobothallia parasitica parasitica de Lesd. (Aspicilia) = Lobothallia parasitica parasitica Jatta (Blastenia arenaria v.) = Caloplaca inconnexa parasitica Jatta (Caloplaca percrocata v.) = Caloplaca inconnexa parasitica Körb. (Buellia badia v.) = Buellia badia parasitica (Spreng.) Th.Fr. (Buellia) = Dactylospora parasitica (Spreng.) Zopf/F parasitica Spreng. (Lecidea) = Dactylospora parasitica (Spreng.) Zopf/F parasiticus Hoffm. (Lichen) = Cladonia parasitica parasiticus (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes scruposus v.) = Diploschistes muscorum paratropa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea paratropa (Nyl.) Alstrup parella (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Ochrolechia parella parella (L.) Körb. (Ochrolechia pallescens v.) = Ochrolechia parella parella (L.) Tornab. (Gasparrinia pallescens v.) = Ochrolechia parella parellus L. (Lichen) = Ochrolechia parella parietina (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Xanthoria parietina parietina (L.) De Not. (Physcia) = Xanthoria parietina parietinum (Ach.) Jatta (Cyphelium) = Mycocalicium subtile parietinum (Ach.) Vain. (Mycocalicium) = Mycocalicium subtile parietinum Ach. (Calicium) = Mycocalicium subtile parietinus L. (Lichen) = Xanthoria parietina parile (Ach.) Nyl. (Nephromium laevigatum v.) = Nephroma parile parilis Ach. (Lichen) = Nephroma parile parisiensis Gyeln. (Peltigera zopfii v.) = Peltigera horizontalis parisiensis Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora horiza parissima Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea denigrata parmelioides Cromb. (Parmelia lanata v.) = Pseudephebe pubescens parmigera (J.Steiner) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa parmigera parmigera J.Steiner (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa parmigera parmigerella (Zahlbr.) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa parmigerella parmigerella Zahlbr. (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa parmigerella paroicum (Ach.) Vain. [non auct.] (Strongyleuma) = Calicium corynellum paroicum Ach. [non auct.] (Calicium) = Calicium corynellum paroicum sensu Nádv. et auct. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis hospitans particularis (Nyl.) Arnold (Buellia) = Dactylospora athallina (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner/F particularis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Dactylospora athallina (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner/F parva Deakin (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria murina parvocalcicola Asta & Cl.Roux (Encephalographa cerebrina ssp.) = Poeltinula cerebrina parvula H.Mayrhofer & Poelt (Rinodina) = Buellia parvula (H.Mayrhofer & Poelt) H.Mayrhofer & Scheid. paschalis L. (Lichen) = Stereocaulon paschale pastillifera (Harm.) Grummann (Parmelia tiliacea v.) = Parmelina pastillifera pastillifera (Harm.) R.Schub. & Klem. (Parmelia) = Parmelina pastillifera pastillifera Harm. (Parmelia scortea v.) = Parmelina pastillifera pataviana A.Massal. (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina patavina (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Lecidea vulgata f.) = Lecidella patavina patellarioides (Nyl.) Vain. (Lecanactis) = Bactrospora patellarioides v. patellarioides patellarioides Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Bactrospora patellarioides v. patellarioides patellata Bagl. (Acarospora) = Peltula patellata patellulata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Allarthonia) = Arthonia patellulata patersonii Stirt. (Melaspilea) = Bactrospora dryina PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS patronii (Bagl.) Zahlbr. (Dirina repanda f.) = Dirina massiliensis patronii Bagl. (Dirina) = Dirina massiliensis paucula (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Micarea lutulata paucula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea lutulata paulina Marton (Heppia) = Heppia despreauxii paulsenii Vain. (Placodium) = Caloplaca paulsenii (Vain.) Zahlbr. paulula Erichsen (Bacidia) = Bacidina chloroticula paupera (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora tongletii v.) = Acarospora tongletii paupera H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora tongletii pauperrima Almq. (Arthonia intexta v.) = Arthonia intexta pazientii A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria murina ? peculiaris H.Magn. (Buellia) = Dactylospora athallina (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner/F pedata (Stenh.) R.Sant. (Sphinctrina) = Sphinctrina leucopoda pedicellata Hue (Pannaria) = Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) M.Jørg. pelagosae J.Steiner & Zahlbr. (Dirina repanda v.) = Dirina massiliensis pelidna Ach. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica leucophaea peliocarpa Anzi (Bilimbia) = Micarea peliocarpa peliocarpa (Anzi) Lettau (Bacidia) = Micarea peliocarpa peliscypha (Th.Fr.) Nyl. (Acarospora fuscata v.) = Acarospora peliscypha pellita (Ach.) Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza pellitus Ach. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza pellodella Nyl. [in Hasse] (Lecanora) = Caloplaca pellodella pellucida (Weber) Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera didactyla pellucidum (Dill.) M.Choisy (Leptogium) = Leptogium lichenoides pellucidus Weber (Lichen caninus v.) = Peltigera didactyla pelobotrya (Wahlenb.) Leight. (Aspicilia) = Amygdalaria pelobotryon pelobotryon (Wahlenb.) Sommerf. (Lecanora) = Amygdalaria pelobotryon peloclita Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria pinguicula pelophila Poelt & Vĕzda (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica peltata (Ramond) Steud. (Lecanora) = Rhizoplaca peltata peltata Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Porpidia speirea peltatum Ach. (Calicium) = Calicium viride peltatus Ramond [in Lam. & DC.] (Lichen) = Rhizoplaca peltata peltigerae P.Karst. (Phyllosticta) = Phoma peltigerae (P.Karst.) D.Hawksw./F peltigerina (Almq.) H.Magn. (Allarthonia) = Arthonia peltigerina peltigerina Almq. (Arthonia vagans v.) = Arthonia peltigerina peltigerina (Peck) P.Collin (Omphalina) = Omphalina cupulatoides pelvetiae (K.G.sutherl.) D.Hawksw. (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema pelvetiae pelvetii Hepp (Celidium) = Arthonia pelvetii (Hepp) H.Olivier/F pelvetii (Hepp) Almq. (Arthonia vagans v.) = Arthonia pelvetii (Hepp) H.Olivier/F pendulina (Ach.) Ach. (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina farinacea pennina (Schaer.) Hepp (Biatora) = Toninia pennina pennina Schaer. (Lecidea) = Toninia pennina peralbella Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albella peralbida (Th.Fr.) H.Olivier (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina perarata Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. perareolata Erichsen (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura 146 percaena (Ach.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca variabilis v.) = Caloplaca variabilis percaena (Ach.) J.Steiner (Acarospora) = Acarospora cervina percaena Ach. (Lecidea) = Caloplaca variabilis percaena (Fr.) A.Massal. (Acarospora cervina v.) = Acarospora cervina percaena (Fr.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora cervina f.) = Acarospora cervina percontigua (Nyl.) Boissiere & Cl.Roux (Porpidia macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia platycarpoides percontigua (Nyl.) May. Inoue (Huilia) = Porpidia platycarpoides percontigua Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia platycarpoides percrenata (Nyl.) V.Wirth (Trapeliopsis) = Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea percrenata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea percrocata Arnold (Blastenia) = Caloplaca percrocata percrocatum (Arnold) Jatta (Callopisma) = Caloplaca percrocata percruenta Nádv. (Lecidea cyathoides v.) = Fuscidea cyathoides peregrina Samp. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca peregrina (Samp.) Samp. perexigua Müll.Arg. (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina immersa perfida Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera collina perfida Malme (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca cerinella perfida (Malme) Hue (Lecidea) = Caloplaca cerinella perfidiosa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Stereocaulon cumulatum (Sommerf.) Timdal perfidosa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Stereocaulon cumulatum (Sommerf.) Timdal perforata Jacq. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema perforatum (Jacq.) A.Massal. perfragilis Llano (Evernia) = Evernia divaricata ? perfurfuracea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Parmeliella) = Placynthiella icmalea perfurfuracea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Parmeliella) = Placynthiella icmalea pergibbosa H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia pergibbosa (H.Magn.) Räsänen pergranulosa Räsänen (Ochrolechia androgyna v.) = Ochrolechia androgyna periclea (Ach.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Schismatomma pericleum periclea (Ach.) M.Choisy (Lecanactis) = Schismatomma pericleum periclea (Ach.) Nyl. (Platygrapha) = Schismatomma pericleum pericleus Ach. (Lichen) = Schismatomma pericleum periculosa [Dufour ex] Schaer. (Lecanora crassa v.) = Squamarina periculosa periplaca (Nyl.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda (Fuscidea) = Fuscidea lygaea periplaca Nyl. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea lygaea perisidiosa Erichsen (Physcia) = Physconia perisidiosa perlata ("Ach.") Körb. (Imbricaria) = Parmotrema chinense perlata Ach. [nom.illegit.] (Parmelia) = Parmotrema chinense perlata Sambo (Parmelia prolixa v.) = Neofuscelia delisei perlatum (Eschw.) M.Choisy (Parmotrema) = Parmotrema chinense perlatus Huds. [nom.illegit.] (Lichen) = Parmotrema chinense perluta Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon lavatum perlutescens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia concinna perlutum auct. [non (Nyl.) Zahlbr.] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon petraeum perlutum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. [non auct.] (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon lavatum 147 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms permodestum Arnold (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum permutata Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia verruculosa pernigra Hertel (Lecidea) = Lecidea promixta Nyl. [in Sandst.] pernigrans (Nyl.) Sandst. (Buellia) = Buellia badia pernigrans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia badia peronella (Ach.) Tibell (Coniocybe) = Sclerophora peronella peronellus Ach. (Lichen) = Sclerophora peronella perpallescens (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia leucophaea v.) = Myxobilimbia lobulata perpityrea Erichsen (Pertusaria tumidula v.) = Ochrolechia erichsenii Hafellner perplectans auct.eur. [non Stirt.] (Usnea) = Usnea lapponica perpulchra Hue (Acarospora) = Acarospora heufleriana perpusilla (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum perpusillum perpusilloides Erichsen (Bacidia nitschaeana v.) = Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola perradiata Lynge (Staurothele) = Staurothele fuscocuprea perradiata (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Aspicilia polychroma v.) = Aspicilia polychroma ? perradiata (Nyl.) Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia polychroma ? perreticulata Räsänen [in Sbarbaro] (Parmelia duboscquii v.) = Punctelia perreticulata perreticulata (Räsänen) Hale (Parmelia) = Punctelia perreticulata perrugata Nyl. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia pulla persica J.Steiner (Xanthoria) = Caloplaca persica M.Steiner & Poelt persicina (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Porina chlorotica v.) = Porina linearis persicina (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Porina) = Porina linearis persicina Körb. (Sagedia) = Porina linearis persimilis Th.Fr. (Lecanora hagenii ssp.) = Lecanora persimilis personata (Körb.) Jatta (Lecidea) = ? persoonii A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis persoonii ([Ach. ex] Gray) Chevall. [nom.illegit.] (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rupestris perspinulosa (Nyl.) Räsänen (Ephebeia) = Ephebe perspinulosa pertenuis (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca tenuatula f.) = Caloplaca polycarpa pertenuis Harm. (Lecanora elegans v.) = Caloplaca polycarpa pertingens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica pertusa (L.) Ach. (Porina) = Pertusaria pertusa pertusa (L.) Körb. (Pertusaria communis v.) = Pertusaria pertusa pertusariae Vouaux (Leciographa) = Opegrapha pertusariae (Vouaux) Hafellner pertusaria Tornab. (Pertusaria verrucosa v.) = Pertusaria glomerata pertusariella (Nyl.) Norman (Microglaena) = Thelenella pertusariella pertusariella Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Thelenella pertusariella pertusarioides Degel. (Lecanora) = Tephromela pertusarioides (Degel.) Hafellner & Cl.Roux pertusa (Schrank) Rabenh. (Parmelia ceratophylla v.) = Menegazzia terebrata pertusa (Schrank) Schaer. (Parmelia) = Menegazzia terebrata pertusa (Schrank) Stein (Menegazzia) = Menegazzia terebrata pertusatii Garov. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium pertusatii pertusula (Nyl.) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia sepulta ? pertusula (Nyl.) Zschacke (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia sepulta ? perustula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Clauzadeana macula peruvianum Müll.Arg. (Placodium) = Lecanora garovaglii pervirescens Nyl. (Endocarpon) = Placidiopsis cinerascens petersii Nyl. (Pterygium) = Placynthium subradiatum petkae (Servìt) Szatala (Aspicilia coronata v.) = Aspicilia coronata ? petraea (Ach.) Nyl. (Lithographa) = Lithographa tesserata petraea (Ach.) Redinger (Lithographa tesserata v.) = Lithographa tesserata petraea Ach. (Opegrapha) = Lithographa tesserata petraea Poelt (Physconia muscigena v.) = Physconia petraea petraea (Wulfen) Ach. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon petraeum petraeiza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeum petraeizum (Nyl.) Arnold (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon eupetraeum petraeoides (C.Bab. & Mitten) Hafellner (Pyrrhospora) = Ramboldia petraeoides petraeoides (C.Bab. & Mitten) Hertel (Protoparmelia) = Ramboldia petraeoides petraeoides [Nyl. ex] C.Bab. & Mitten [in Hook.] (Lecidea) = Ramboldia petraeoides petraeum [Delise ex] Duby (Chiodecton) = Syncesia myrticola petraeus Wulfen (Lichen) = Rhizocarpon petraeum petrina Nyl. (Graphis) = Graphis elegans petri (Tuck.) Fink (Psora) = Mycobilimbia lurida petrophila Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora orosthea petrosa Arnold (Lecidea) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana petrosa Stirt. [non Arnold] (Lecidea) = Porpidia hydrophila (Fr.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab petrucciana Caldesi (Sphaeria) = Acrocordia gemmata petrucciana (Caldesi) Sacc. (Melanopsamma) = Acrocordia gemmata peziza (Mont.) Arnold (Secoliga) = Gyalecta peziza peziza Mont. [in Garov.] (Biatora) = Gyalecta peziza peziziformis With. (Lichen) = Cladonia peziziformis pezizoidea Ach. (Lecidea) = Lopadium pezizoideum pezizoidea sensu Anzi (Bacidia) = Bacidia bagliettoana pezizoides Weber (Lichen) = Protopannaria pezizoides pezizoides (Weber) Borrer (Lecanora) = Protopannaria pezizoides pezizoides (Weber) Trevis. (Pannaria) = Protopannaria pezizoides phacodes Körb. (Bacidia) = Bacidina phacodes phacodoides Anzi (Biatora) = Lecania cyrtella phacodoides (Anzi) Jatta (Lecidea) = Lecania cyrtella phaea Ach. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia phaea ([Flot. ex] Körb.) Arnold (Lecidea platycarpa v.) = Porpidia macrocarpa phaea (Stizenb.) Th.Fr. (Bacidia fuscorubella v.) = Bacidia polychroa phaea (Tuck.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Physcia aipolia ssp.) = Physcia phaea phaea Tuck. [in Darl.] (Parmelia) = Physcia phaea phaeenterodes Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia glaucophaea phaeobaea (Norman) Zahlbr. (Allarthonia) = Arthonia phaeobaea phaeobola Tuck. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia ochrococca phaeocarpa (Sm.) Flot.(Biatora) = Phaeorrhiza nimbosa phaeocarpa (Sm.) Vain. (Rinodina) = Phaeorrhiza nimbosa phaeocarpella Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca phaeocarpella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. phaeocarpellum (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium) = Caloplaca pollinii phaeocephalum (Turner) Fr. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca phaeocephala phaeocephalum (Turner) Körb. (Cyphelium) = Chaenotheca phaeocephala phaeocephalus Turner (Lichen) = Chaenotheca phaeocephala PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS phaeolepis Vain. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon subgeminatum Eitner phaeoleucodes (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Lecania) = Lecania turicensis phaeoleucodes Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecania turicensis phaeops (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatora) = Lecidea phaeops phaeops (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Lecidea phaeops phaeorrhiza Wallr. (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera rufescens phaeospermum (Arnold) Servít (Amphoridium) = Phaeosporis phaeosperma/F phaeostigma (Körb.) Almb. (Lecanora) = Lecanora cadubriae ? phaeostigma Körb. (Biatora) = Lecanora cadubriae ? phalerata (Ach.) Ach. (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina farinacea phalerosporum (Vain.) Vain. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon subgeminatum Eitner pharaonis (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb. (Verrucaria) = Endococcus sp./F pharcidia auct. p.p. (Buellia) = Buellia triseptata philippea (Mont.) A.Massal. (Catillaria) = Toninia philippea philippea (Mont.) Hafellner (Kiliasia) = Toninia philippea philippea Mont. (Lecidea) = Toninia philippea phillyreae Jatta (Sagedia) = Strigula glabra phlogina (Ach.) D.Hawksw. (Caloplaca citrina f.) = Caloplaca citrina s.lat. phlogina (Ach.) Flagey (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca citrina s.lat. phoenicicola Jatta (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha sp. phoenicicola (Jatta) Jatta (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha sp. phonoliticum Anders (Dermatocarpon) = Dermatocarpon leptophylloides photina A.Massal. (Acarospora) = Acarospora fuscata phylliscina Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia macrocarpa phylliscoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Thyrea) = Thyrea plectopsora phylliscum [Wahl. ex] Ach. (Endocarpon) = Phylliscum demangeonii phyllocoma (Delise) Vain. (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa phyllocoma Flörke (Cladonia coccifera v.) = Cladonia coccifera phyllophora Anzi (Cladonia digitata f.) = Cladonia digitata phymatodes (Ach.) Almb. (Pertusaria coccodes v.) = Pertusaria coccodes phymatodes (Ach.) Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria coccodes phymatodes Wallr. (Peltigera aphthosa v.) = Peltigera aphthosa physarellum (Ach.) Trevis. (Phacotium) = Chaenotheca stemonea physarellum Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca stemonea physaroides Opiz (Lecidea) = Toninia physaroides physciaria (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Leciographa) = Opegrapha physciaria physodes (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Hypogymnia physodes physodes (L.) DC. (Imbricaria) = Hypogymnia physodes physodes (L.) Schaer. (Parmelia ceratophylla v.) = Hypogymnia physodes physodes L. (Lichen) = Hypogymnia physodes picconiana Bagl. (Lecania) = Schismatomma dirinellum picconianum (Bagl.) J.Steiner (Schismatomma) = Schismatomma dirinellum picea auct. [non (Dicks.) Hafellner] (Protoparmelia) = Protoparmelia memnonia picea auct. [non (Dicks.) Nyl.] (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia memnonia picea (Dicks.) Hafellner [non auct.] (Protoparmelia) = Protoparmelia badia picea (Dicks.) Nyl. [non auct.] (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia badia 148 piceicola (Nyl.) Arnold (Gyalecta) = Gyalideopsis piceicola Vĕzda & Poelt piceicola (Nyl.) Lettau (Gyalidea) = Gyalideopsis piceicola (Nyl.) Vĕzda & Poelt piceus Dicks. [non auct.] (Lichen) = Protoparmelia badia picila (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria picila picila (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Biatorina) = Catillaria picila picila A.Massal. (Biatora) = Catillaria picila picilos A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca flavorubescens picinus Ach. (Lichen) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea pictava (Nyl.) Nyl. (Collemopsis) = Psorotichia pictava pictava Nyl. (Pyrenopsis) = Psorotichia pictava pictavica (Wedd.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina sophodes v.) = Rinodina lecanorina pictavica Wedd. (Lecanora sophodes v.) = Rinodina lecanorina pictonica (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa grumulosa pictonica Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecanographa grumulosa piemontensis de Lesd. (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina pilati Hepp (Biatora) = Adelolecia pilati pilati (Hepp) Körb. (Lecidea) = Adelolecia pilati pileatum Ach. (Cyphelium) = Cyphelium inquinans pilisensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. pilosella Hue (Parmelia) = Parmotrema crinitum pilosella (Hue) Lynge (Parmelia excrescens v.) = Parmotrema crinitum pilosellum Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium pilosellum pilularis (Ach.) Fr. (Lecidea) = Lecidella anomaloides pilularis (Ach.) Stein (Lecidella) = Lecidella anomaloides pilularis (Körb.) Hepp (Biatora) = Mycobilimbia pilularis pilularis Körb. (Biatorina) = Mycobilimbia pilularis pinastri Ach. (Calicium roscidum v.) = Chaenotheca ferruginea pinastri (Schaer.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecanora pulicaris f.) = Lecanora pulicaris pinastri (Schaer.) H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pulicaris pinastri Schaer. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora pulicaris pinastri (Scop.) Ach. (Cetraria juniperina v.) = Vulpicida pinastri pinastri (Scop.) Frege (Platysma) = Vulpicida pinastri pinastri (Scop.) Gray (Cetraria) = Vulpicida pinastri pinastri (Scop.) Hale (Tuckermannopsis) = Vulpicida pinastri pinastri (Scop.) Sommerf. (Parmelia) = Vulpicida pinastri pinastri Scop. (Lichen) = Vulpicida pinastri pineti (Ach.) A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Dimerella pineti pineti (Ach.) Tuck. (Gyalecta) = Dimerella pineti pineti Körb. (Arthonia) = Arthonia didyma pineti (Schrad.) Fr. (Biatora) = Dimerella pineti pineti [Schrad. ex] Ach. (Lecidea) = Dimerella pineti pinguescens [Nyl. ex] Cromb. (Collema auriculatum v.) = Collema cristatum pinguicula (A.Massal.) Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria pinguicula pinguicula (Bagl. & Carestia) Lettau (Bacidia) = Bacidia globulosa pinguicula Bagl. & Carestia (Bilimbia) = Bacidia globulosa pinguis J.Steiner (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa parmigerella pinicola (A.Massal.) Anzi (Biatorella) = Strangospora pinicola pinicola A.Massal. (Sarcogyne) = Strangospora pinicola pinicola Ach. (Lecanora periclea v.) = Schismatomma pericleum pinicola Hepp (Pyrenula punctiformis v. cinereopruinosa f.) = Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa pinicola (Hepp) A.Massal. (Arthonia) = Arthonia cinereopruinosa 149 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms pinicola (Hepp) A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa pinicola Körb. (Sphinctrina) = Sphinctrina anglica pinicola Samp. (Leptorhaphis) = Cresporhaphis pinicola (Samp.) M.B.Aguirre pinicola Samp. (Leptorhaphis) = Cresporhaphis pinicola (Samp.) M.B.Aguirre piniperda Körb. nom.illegit. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albellula pinnata (Flörke) Vain. (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia furcata pinnatifida Kurok. (Parmelia) = Parmelia omphalodes ssp. pinnatifida (Kurok.) Skult pisana [Bagl. ex] Jatta (Opegrapha rupestris v.) = Opegrapha mougeotii pisana Bagl. (Placidiopsis) = Placidiopsis cinerascens pissina Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria pachyderma pissodes (Stirt.) Walt.Watson (Psora) = Clauzadeana macula pitardii (de Lesd.) Torrente & Egea (Schismatomma) = Schismatomma albocinctum pitardii de Lesd. (Acarospora) = Acarospora laqueata ? pitardii de Lesd. (Opegrapha) = Schismatomma albocinctum pitensis Lönnr. (Lecidea) = Carbonea vitellinaria pithyophila ([Th.Fr. & Blomb. ex] Th.Fr.) H.Magn. (Leptorhaphis) = Arthopyrenia pithyophila Th.Fr. pityrea (Ach.) (Hagenia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia grisea ssp. grisea pityrea (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Physconia grisea ssp. grisea pityrea (Ach.) Flagey (Physcia grisea v.) = Physconia grisea ssp. grisea pityrea (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia) = Physconia grisea ssp. grisea pityrea Erichsen (Lecanora) = Lecanora conizaeoides pityrea Flörke (Capitularia) = Cladonia ramulosa pityrea (Flörke) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia ramulosa pityrea (Flörke) Fr. (Cladonia) = Cladonia ramulosa pityrea sensu Degel. [non DC.] (Pannaria) = Pannaria conoplea pityreiformis Hillmann (Parmeliopsis hyperopta v.) = Imshaugia aleurites placentiformis J.Steiner (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia placentiformis placidia (A.Massal.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca velana v.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. placidia (A.Massal.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Caloplaca aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. placidia (A.Massal.) J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. placidium A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. placodiellum Nyl. (Leptogium) = Leptogium diffractum placodiiformis Nyl. (Glypholecia) = Acarospora scabra ? placodizans Zahlbr. (Heppia) = Peltula placodizans placophylla (Ach.) Trevis. (Ludovicia) = Baeomyces placophyllus placophylla (Anzi) Jatta (Buellia) = Dactylospora athallina (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner/F placophyllus Anzi (Abrothallus) = Dactylospora athallina (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner/F placorodia auct.eur. (Parmeliopsis) = Imshaugia aleurites plana J.Lahm [in Körb.] (Lecidella) = Lecidea plana plana Trevis. (Pertusaria communis f.) = Pertusaria albescens plana Verseghy (Ochrolechia alboflavescens v.) = Ochrolechia alboflavescens planiformis Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina planior (J.Steiner) Szatala (Aspicilia caesiocinerea v.) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea ? planiuscula Vĕzda (Biatorella ochrophora v.) = Biatorella ochrophora plasmodicarpa Erichsen (Pertusaria coccodes v.) = Pertusaria coccodes platanoides Nyl. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra platycarpa (Ach.) Fr. (Lecidea contigua v.) = Porpidia macrocarpa platycarpa (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia macrocarpa platycarpa (Ach.) Vain. (Lecidea macrocarpa f.) = Porpidia macrocarpa platycarpa Ach. (Lecidea) = Porpidia macrocarpa platycarpa (Nyl.) Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Lecanographa grumulosa platycarpa Nyl. (Opegrapha grumulosa v.) = Lecanographa grumulosa platycarpa (Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora alphoplaca v.) = Lobothallia alphoplaca platycarpiza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia subnitida platycarpoides Anzi (Sarcogyne) = Sarcogyne regularis v. platycarpoides platycarpoides (Anzi) H.Magn. (Sarcogyne pruinosa v.) = Sarcogyne regularis v. platycarpoides platycarpoides (Anzi) Th.Fr. (Biatorella) = Sarcogyne regularis v. platycarpoides platycarpoides (Bagl.) Boissière & Cl.Roux (Porpidia cinereoatra v.) = Porpidia platycarpoides platycarpoides (Bagl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Porpidia macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia platycarpoides platycarpoides (Bagl.) Hertel (Huilia) = Porpidia platycarpoides platycarpoides Bagl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia platycarpoides platycarpoides sensu Th.Fr. p.p. (Biatorella) = Sarcogyne distinguenda Th.Fr. platycarpum Durieu & Mont. (Collema) = Collema crispum platycladodes Wallr. (Parmelia spadicea v.) = Cetraria aculeata platyloba Wallr. (Parmelia fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea platyna (Ach.) Ach. (Cetraria islandica v.) = Cetraria islandica platyna Ach. (Cetraria) = Cetraria islandica platyphylla (Ach.) Schaer. (Parmelia ceratophylla v.) = Hypogymnia physodes platyphylla Ach. (Parmelia physodes v.) = Hypogymnia physodes platyphylla Flot. (Physcia parietina v.) = Xanthoria parietina platyphylla Flot. (Physcia parietina v.) = Xanthoria parietina platypyrenia (Nyl.) Carroll (Verrucaria epidermidis v.) = Arthopyrenia platypyrenia platypyrenia Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Arthopyrenia platypyrenia platysmoides Sambo (Cetraria islandica f.) = Cetraria islandica platyspora Garov. (Verrucaria papularis v.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri pleiocarpa H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia pleiocarpa (H.Magn.) Oksner pleiospora J.Steiner (Biatorina) = Catillaria pleiospora (J.Steiner) J.Steiner pleiospora Vouaux (Scutula) = Catillaria mediterranea plena Anzi (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria leioplaca pleurocarpa Ach. (Sticta pulmonacea v.) = Plectocarpon lichenum (Sommerf.) D.Hawksw./F pleurota Flörke (Capitularia) = Cladonia pleurota pleurota (Flörke) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia pleurota pleurota (Flörke) Schaer. (Cladonia coccifera v.) = Cladonia pleurota plicata A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Polyblastia plicata plicata [Anzi ex] Arnold (Xylographa flexella f.) = Elixia flexella plicata (L.) Fr. (Usnea barbata v.) = Usnea sp. plicatile (Ach.) Nyl. (Collema) = Leptogium plicatile plicatile (Ach.) Nyl. (Collemodium) = Leptogium plicatile PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS plicatile (Leight.) A.L.Sm. (Rhizocarpon) = Stereocaulon plicatile plicatilis Ach. (Lichen) = Leptogium plicatile plicatissimum Nyl. (Anema) = Tyhyrea plicatissima (Nyl.) Zahlbr. plicatum (Wedd.) Leight. (Placodium callopismum v.) = Caloplaca flavescens plicatus L. (Lichen) = Usnea plicata plicigera sensu H.Magn. [non Zahlbr.] (Lecanora) = Aspicilia dendroplaca (H.Magn.) Oksner plittii Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia plittii plittii Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera ponojensis plocina (Ach.) A.Massal. [non auct.] (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa lyncea plocina auct. p.p. [non (Ach.) Massal.] (Lecanactis) = Cresponea premnea plotocarpa Zschacke (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia melaspora ? plumbea A.Massal. (Blastenia ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca crenularia plumbea (Ach.) Servít (Involucrothele) = Verrucaria caerulea plumbea Ach. (Urceolaria scruposa f.) = Diploschistes muscorum plumbea Ach. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria caerulea plumbea (Lightf.) Bory (Pannaria) = Degelia plumbea plumbea (Lightf.) Trevis. (Placolepis) = Degelia plumbea plumbea (Lightf.) Vain. (Parmeliella) = Degelia plumbea plumbella (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Rinodina) = Rinodina atrocinerea plumbella Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina atrocinerea plumbeoatra Vain. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica plumbeoatra (Vain.) A.J.Schwab & Rambold plumbeorufa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca cerinoides ? plumbeorufa (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca cerinoides ? plumbeum (Lightf.) Trevis. (Trachyderma) = Degelia plumbea plumbeus (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes scruposus f.) = Diploschistes muscorum plumbeus Lightf. (Lichen) = Degelia plumbea plumbeus (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes actinostomus v.) = Diploschistes aeneus (Müll.Arg.) Lumbsch plumbeus Vain. (Diploschistes caesioplumbeus v.) = Diploschistes aeneus (Müll.Arg.) Lumbsch plumbina Anzi (Leciographa) = Toninia plumbina plumbina (Anzi) R.Sant. (Bacidia) = Toninia plumbina pluriseptata auct. p.p. (Arthopyrenia) = Arthopyrenia grisea pluriseptata Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Arthopyrenia pluriseptata pluriseptatum (Arnold) Arnold (Placynthium) = Placynthium dolichoterum ? plusiospora [Th.Fr. & Hulting ex] Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea betulicola (Kullh.) H.Magn. pocillum (Ach.) A.Fink (Cladonia pyxidata ssp.) = Cladonia pocillum pocillum (Ach.) Fr. (Cladonia pyxidata v.) = Cladonia pocillum pocillum (Ach.) Sw. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia pocillum pocillum Ach. (Baeomyces) = Cladonia pocillum podicellata Hellb. (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum ophiosporum (Hellb.) Hav. podolepis Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Heteroplacidium podolepis (Breuss) Breuss podperae Servít (Lecidea fuscoatra v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra podzimekii Servít (Verrucaria) = Roselliniella microthelia (Wallr.) Nik.Hoffm. & Hafellner/F podzimekii (Servít) Servít (Amphoridium) = Roselliniella microthelia (Wallr.) Nik.Hoffm. & Hafellner/F poeltii Frey (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia poeltii poeltii Servít (Involucrocarpon) = Verrucaria poeltii (Servít) Breuss 150 poeltii T.Schauer (Buellia) = Buellia chloroleuca poetarum De Not. & Bagl. (Opegrapha) = Melaspilea poetarum poetschiana Körb. (Biatora) = Mycobilimbia berengeriana pokornyi (Körb.) Szatala (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia pokornyi (Körb.) Essl. polare (Ach.) Ach. (Nephroma) = Nephroma arcticum (L.) Torss. polare Vain. (Placodium) = Caloplaca verruculifera (Vain.) Zahlbr. poliaena (Nyl.) Arnold (Bacidia beckhausii v.) = Bacidia beckhausii poliococca Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea elachista poliodes (Nyl.) Vĕzda (Micarea) = Micarea lutulata poliodes Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea lutulata pollinariella (Nyl.) Nyl. (Ramalina) = Ramalina roesleri pollinarius Westr. (Lichen) = Ramalina pollinaria pollinii (A.Massal.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium) = Caloplaca pollinii pollinii (A.Massal.) Bagl. (Callopisma ferrugineum v.) = Caloplaca pollinii pollinii (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca pollinii pollinii A.Massal. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca pollinii pollinii A.Massal. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia polospora (Leight.) Shirley (Buellia) = Rinodina biloculata polyantha [Taylor ex] Leight. (Lecidea) = Lecidella asema polyanthes (Bernh.) Arnold (Physma) = Lempholemma polyanthes polyanthes Bernh. (Lichen) = Lempholemma polyanthes polycarpa Flörke (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina polycarpa (A.Massal.) Jatta (Caloplaca aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca polycarpa polycarpa (A.Massal.) Mérat (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca polycarpa polycarpa Hepp (Lecidea confervoides v.) = Rhizocarpon polycarpum polycarpa (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Physcia parietina v.) = Xanthoria polycarpa polycarpa (Hoffm.) Pollini [non Anzi nec Röhl.] (Lecanora) = Xanthoria polycarpa polycarpa (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Parmelia multifida v.) = Collema polycarpon polycarpa (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. (Parmelia parietina v.) = Xanthoria polycarpa polycarpa (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. (Xanthoria lychnea v.) = Xanthoria polycarpa polycarpa (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. (Xanthoria parietina v.) = Xanthoria polycarpa polycarpa Hoffm. (Lobaria) = Xanthoria polycarpa polycarpa (Körb.) Körb. (Acrocordia) = Anisomeridium biforme polycarpa Th.Fr. (Acarospora) = Lobothallia alphoplaca polycarpella Erichsen (Lecidea) = Micarea polycarpella polycarpella Zahlbr. [nom.nov. pro Lecanora polycarpa Anzi] (Lecanora) = ? polycarpiza M.Choisy & Werner (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria coccodes polycarpoides J.Steiner (Xanthoria) = Caloplaca polycarpoides (J.Steiner) M.Steiner & Poelt polycarpoides (Nyl.) Harm. (Leptogium) = Collema polycarpon polycarpoides Nyl. (Collemodium) = Collema polycarpon polycarpon (Hoffm.) Nyl. (Collema melaenum v.) = Collema polycarpon polycarpon (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Collema multifidum v.) = Collema polycarpon polycarpum (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca polycarpa 151 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms polycarpum A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca polycarpa polycarpum (Hoffm.) Boistel (Collema pulposum v.) = Collema polycarpon polycarpus ("Hepp") Arnold (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon polycarpum polycarpus (Hoffm.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Synechoblastus) = Collema polycarpon polycephala Schaer. (Cenomyce bellidiflora v.) = Cladonia coccifera Polychidium cretaceum (Sm.) Trevis. (Polychidium) = Leptogium sp. polychonia Flörke (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa polychroa Th.Fr. (Biatora) = Bacidia polychroa polychroma (Anzi) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia polychroma polycocca Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia hypocrita ? polycycla Anzi (Rinodina) = Lecania polycycla polydactyla Flörke (Cenomyce) = Cladonia polydactyla polydactyla (Neck.) Ach. (Peltidea) = Peltigera polydactyla polydactyla (Neck.) Branth. & Rostr. (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera polydactyla polydactyla (Neck.) Torss. (Peltigera rufescens v.) = Peltigera polydactyla polydactylon (Neck.) Lightf. (Lichen caninus v.) = Peltigera polydactyla polydactylon Neck. (Lichen) = Peltigera polydactyla polydactylus With. [nom.illegit.] (Lichen) = Peltigera hymenina polygonia (Körb.) Hazsl. (Lecidea fumosa v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra polygonia Körb. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria viridula polygonia sensu Anzi (Psora fumosa f.) = Immersaria athroocarpa polygonia (Vill.) A.Massal. (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea polygonium (Körb.) Servít (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria viridula polymorpha (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha durieui polymorphum Müll.Arg. (Stigmatidium) = Opegrapha durieui polymorphus Lilj. (Lichen calicaris v.) = Ramalina polymorpha polyphylla (Flörke )A.Massal. (Cladonia furcata f.) = Cladonia furcata polyphylla Flörke (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia furcata polyphylla (L.) Funck (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria polyphylla polyphyllum (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Dermatocarpon) = Dermatocarpon intestiniforme polyphyllus L. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria polyphylla polypori (Ellis & Everh.) Ellis & Everh. (Didymella) = Anisomeridium polypori polypori (Ellis & Everh.) Höhnel (Apiosporella) = Anisomeridium polypori polypori Ellis & Everh. (Apiospora) = Anisomeridium polypori polyrrhiza (L.) Körb. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza polyrrhiza (L.) Schol. (Actynogyra) = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza polyrrhizos L. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria polyrrhiza polyschiza (Nyl.) Lettau (Cetraria) = Melanelia hepatizon polyschizum Nyl. (Platysma) = Melanelia hepatizon polysita (Stirt.) A.L.Sm. (Bacidia) = Bacidia polychroa polyspora (Th.Fr.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina polyspora polyspora (Th.Fr.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Rinodina polyspora polyspora (Tuck.) Wetmore (Peltula) = Peltula patellata polyspora Tuck. (Heppia) = Peltula patellata polysporella (Nyl.) Arnold (Buellia) = Rinodina polyspora polysporella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rinodina polyspora polysporum Nyl. (Gyrothecium) = Sporastatia polyspora polysticta Borrer (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria fuscella ? polystigma Erichsen (Pertusaria leioplaca v.) = Pertusaria leioplaca ? polythecia Ach. (Verrucaria) = Catapyrenium cinereum polythecium Pollini (Endocarpon tephroides v.) = Catapyrenium cinereum polytrichii Poelt & Döbbeler (Micarea) = Micarea prasina polytropa [Ehrh. ex] Hoffm. (Verrucaria) = Lecanora polytropa v. polytropa polytropa (Hoffm.) Fr. (Biatora) = Lecanora polytropa v. polytropa polytropa (Hoffm.) Sommerf. (Lecanora ehrhartiana v.) = Lecanora polytropa v. polytropa pomazensis Gyeln. (Parmelia rosiformis f.) = Parmelia sulcata populicola DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Patellaria) = Lecanora populicola populicola Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Leptorhaphis atomaria ? populina (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Naevia) = Arthonia punctiformis populina A.Massal. (Arthonia) = Arthonia punctiformis populina ([Ehrh. ex] Hoffm.) Vain. (Ramalina) = Ramalina fastigiata populinum Turner & Borrer (Calicium curtum v.) = Phaeocalicium populneum populneum [Brond. ex] Duby (Calicium) = Phaeocalicium populneum populneum (Duby) Trevis. (Phacotium) = Phaeocalicium populneum populneum (Duby) Vain. (Embolidium) = Phaeocalicium populneum populorum (A.Massal.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Buellia) = Diplotomma populorum populorum (A.Massal.) H.Olivier (Buellia alboatra v.) = Diplotomma populorum populorum (A.Massal.) Samp. (Rhizocarpon) = Diplotomma populorum populorum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Bacidia) = Arthrosporum populorum populorum (A.Massal.) Vain. (Bilimbia) = Arthrosporum populorum poriniformis (Nyl.) Arnold (Aspicilia) = Pertusaria xanthostoma (Sommerf.) Fr. porphyrica (Arnold) Mong. (Buellia) = Diplotomma chlorophaeum porphyricum Arnold (Diplotomma) = Diplotomma chlorophaeum porphyrium (Pers.) Th.Fr. (Haematomma coccineum v.) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. porphyrium porphyrium (Pers.) Zopf (Haematomma) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. porphyrium porphyrius Pers. (Lichen haematomma v.) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. porphyrium porphyroplaca Hinteregger & Poelt (Biatora) = Lecidea rufofusca ? porphyrospoda (Anzi) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Biatora porphyrospoda porphyrostrota Vain. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon distinctum porphyrostrotum (Vain.) Vain. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon distinctum porracea (Stizenb.) Flagey (Lecania) = Lecania inundata porracea Stizenb. (Lecanora) = Lecania inundata porriginosa (Turner) Hazsl. (Bacidia rubella v.) = Bacidia rubella porriginosa Vain. (Pannaria) = Psoroma hypnorum portensis (Nádv.) Hertel (Lecidea rolleana v.) = Lecidella patavina portensis Nádv. (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS portentosa Dufour (Cenomyce) = Cladonia portentosa portentosa (Dufour) Follmann (Cladina) = Cladonia portentosa portofinensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. portugalica Gyeln. (Parmelia subconspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa positiva (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (Bryoria fuscescens v.) = Bryoria fuscescens ? positiva (Gyeln.) Bystrek (Bryoria) = Bryoria fuscescens ? positiva (Gyeln.) Motyka (Alectoria) = Bryoria fuscescens ? positiva P.James (Arthonia atlantica v.) = Arthonia atlantica postumans (Nyl.) Sandst. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum ? postumans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon reductum ? postuma Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon reductum postumum (Nyl.) Arnold (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum potieri Maheu & Werner (Toninia) = Toninia cinereovirens praecavanda ([Nyl. ex] Cromb.) Arnold (Buellia) = Amandinea punctata praecedens (Nyl.) Vain. (Mycocalicium) = Phaeocalicium praecedens (Nyl.) A.F.W.Schmidt/F praecedens Nyl. (Calicium) = Phaeocalicium praecedens (Nyl.) A.F.W.Schmidt/F praecellens Zahlbr. (Verrucaria hochstetteri f.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri praecox Vĕzda (Lecidea) = Aphanopsis coenosa praeponens Nyl. (Lecidea ocellata ssp.) = Buellia ocellata praeradiosa (Nyl.) Poelt & Leuckert (Aspicilia) = Lobothallia praeradiosa praeradiosa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lobothallia praeradiosa praerimata (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Dirina) = Dirina stenhammari praerimata (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Lecanactis) = Dirina stenhammari praerimata (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Dirina stenhammari praerimata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Dirina stenhammari praerupta Anzi (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria nigrescens ? praeruptorum Du Rietz & H.Magn. [in Du Rietz] (Lecidea) = Fuscidea praeruptorum praeruptorum (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora nitrophila v.) = Acarospora nitrophila praeruptorum H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nitrophila praestabilis (Nyl.) Timdal (Hypocenomyce) = Pycnora praestabilis praestabilis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Pycnora praestabilis praetermissa (Nyl.) P.James (Parmeliella) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa praetermissa Nyl. [in Chyd. & Furuhj.] (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa praetermissa Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Verrucaria praetermissa praetermissum (Nyl.) Trevis. (Trachyderma) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa praetervisa H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Immersaria athroocarpa praetextata [Flörke ex] Sommerf. (Peltidea ulorrhiza v.) = Peltigera praetextata praetextata (Sommerf.) Ozenda & Clauzade (Peltigera canina ssp.) = Peltigera praetextata praetextata (Sommerf.) Th.Fr. (Peltigera rufescens v.) = Peltigera praetextata praetextata Sommerf. (Peltidea ulorrhiza v.) = Peltigera praetextata praeviridans (Nyl.) Boistel (Biatorina) = Micarea denigrata praeviridans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Micarea denigrata pragensis Nádv. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia chloantha prasina Ach. (Parmelia crispa v.) = Collema fragrans prasina (Fr.) P.Syd. (Biatorina) = Micarea prasina prasina (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Catillaria) = Micarea prasina prasina J.Lahm (Bacidia incompta v.) = Bacidia incompta 152 prasinella Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Micarea prasina prasinellum Nyl. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon laureri prasiniza (Nyl.) Hue (Catillaria) = Micarea prasina prasiniza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea prasina prasinoides (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Bacidia) = Lecania cuprea prasinula (Wedd.) de Lesd. (Lecidea) = Lecidella scabra prasinula (Wedd.) Hertel [nomen sed non planta] (Lecidella) = Lecidella scabra prasinum ("Ach.") Duby (Collema crispum v.) = Collema tenax prasinum (Ach.) Ach. (Collema) = Collema fragrans premnea (Ach.) Arnold (Lecanactis) = Cresponea premnea premnea Ach. (Lecidea) = Cresponea premnea premnea (Fr.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Megalaria grossa premnea (Fr.) Kickx (Buellia) = Megalaria grossa premnea (Fr.) Körb. (Catillaria) = Megalaria grossa premnea Fr. (Lecidea) = Megalaria grossa premnioides (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Opegrapha areniseda prevostii (Duby) Anzi (Aspicilia) = Hymenelia prevostii prevostii (Duby) Arnold (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia prevostii prevostii (Duby) Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Hymenelia prevostii prevostii [Fr. ex] Duby (Urceolaria) = Hymenelia prevostii prima Gyeln. (Parmelia saxatilis f.) = Parmelia saxatilis primaria Gyeln. (Lecanora silicea v.) = Lobothallia radiosa primaria Th.Fr. (Gyrophora hyperborea v.) = Umbilicaria hyperborea prinii de Lesd. (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia supertegens prinii de Lesd. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca crenulatella privigna (Ach.) Sandst. (Biatorella) = Sarcogyne privigna privigna Ach. (Lecanora milvina v.) = Sarcogyne privigna proboscidale Ach. (Calicium) = Calicium viride proboscidea (L.) Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria proboscidea proboscidea (L.) Schrad. (Gyrophora polymorpha v.) = Umbilicaria proboscidea proboscidea Taylor (Parmelia) = Parmotrema crinitum proboscidea (Wallr.) Flot. (Cladonia bellidiflora v.) = Cladonia bellidiflora proboscideus L. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria proboscidea procervula Norman [nom.nud.] (Buellia) = Dactylospora homoclinella (Nyl.) Hafellner/F prochstallina (A.Massal.) Hertel (Lecidea speirea v.) = Porpidia speirea v. prochsthallina (A.Massal.) Hafellner & Türk prochstallina A.Massal. (Lecidea elata v.) = Porpidia speirea v. prochsthallina (A.Massal.) Hafellner & Türk prodigula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Thyrea) = Anema prodigulum prodigula Nyl. (Omphalaria) = Anema prodigulum proletaria Th.Fr. (Lecidea uliginosa v.) = Placynthiella uliginosa prolifera (J.W.Thomson) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Peltigera praetextata v.) = Peltigera praetextata prolifera J.W.Thomson (Peltigera membranacea f.) = Peltigera praetextata prolificans Vain. (Lecidea soredizoides f.) = Porpipdia glaucophaea prolixa (Ach.) Carroll (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia pulla prolixa (Ach.) Arnold (Imbricaria) = Neofuscelia pulla prolixa Ach. (Parmelia olivacea v.) = Neofuscelia pulla proludens (Nyl.) Arnold (Lecidella) = Adelolecia pilati proludens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Adelolecia pilati proluta (Nyl.) Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea prominula Borrer (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea promiscens (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecidea promiscua v.) = Lecidea promiscens propagulifera [Flot. ex] Körb. (Peltigera scutata v.) = Peltigera collina propagulifera (Körb.) Stein (Peltigera) = Peltigera collina 153 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms propinqua (Stizenb.) Arnold (Bacidia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum propinqua (Stizenb.) Trevis. (Bacidia fuscorubella v.) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum propinqua Stizenb. (Biatora) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum propinquata (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatora) = Biatora mendax propinquata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Biatora mendax prosechoides (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Lecania) = Lecanora helicopsis prosechoidiza (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Lecania) = Lecanora helicopsis prosechoidiza Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanoa helicopsis prosiliens Stirt. [non Mont. & Bosch] (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha culmigena prosoplectenchymatica Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. prospectans Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geographicum ssp. prospectans prospectans (Räsänen) Runemark (Rhizocarpon tinei ssp.) = Rhizocarpon geographicum ssp. prospectans prostrata Gyeln. (Alectoria viridescens v.) = Bryoria capillaris prostrata Räsänen (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? prostratosteola Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria chalybeiformis prostratula (Stirt.) Walt.Watson (Psora) = Lecidea fuscoatra prostratula Stirt. (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuscoatra protaurifera Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Melanelia subaurifera protea Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea rigida protea (Motyka) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Usnea rigida v.) = Usnea rigida protecta Bagl. & Carestia (Lecanora) = Lecanora sp. protecta Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Ramalina polymorpha v.) = Ramalina capitata v. protecta protecta H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidea atrobrunnea protecta H.Magn. (Ramalina) = Ramalina capitata v. protecta proteiformis (A.Massal.) Arnold (Lecania) = Lecania turicensis proteiformis (A.Massal.) Boistel (Lecania erysibe v.) = Lecania turicensis proteiformis (A.Massal.) J.Novak (Dimerospora) = Lecania turicensis proteiformis A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Lecania turicensis protensa (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia muscorum v.) = Bacidia bagliettoana protensa Stirt. (Usnea) = Usnea rubicunda protomatrae Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia protomatrae protomatrae R.Sant. [comb.inval.] (Xanthoparmelia somloënsis v.) = Xanthoparmelia protomatrae protothallina A.Massal. (Lithoicea controversa v.) = Verrucaria nigrescens protothallina A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria nigrescens ? protothallina (Anzi) Jatta (Buellia) = Dactylospora protothallina (Anzi) Hafellner/F protothallina (Anzi) Körb. (Karschia) = Dactylospora protothallina (Anzi) Hafellner/F protothallinus Anzi (Abrothallus) = Dactylospora protothallina (Anzi) Hafellner/F protrudens Malme (Lecanora) = Aspicilia cinerea ? protrusa Fr. (Lecidea) = Lecidella scabra protuberans (Ach.) A.Massal. (Bilimbia) = Sagiolechia protuberans protuberans (Ach.) Anzi (Gyalecta) = Sagiolechia protuberans protuberans (Ach.) Schaer. (Lecidea) = Sagiolechia protuberans protuberans Ach. (Sagedia) = Sagiolechia protuberans protuberans Körb. (Rinodina bischoffii v.) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii protuberans (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria carneopallida protuberans Zahlbr. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha culmigena provincialis Clauzade & Poelt (Squamarina) = Lecanora muralis proximella (Nyl.) Trevis. (Caldesia) = Melaspilea proximella pruinascens Zahlbr. (Arthothelium) = Arthonia beccariana pruinata Pers. (Patellaria) = Arthonia pruinata pruinata Zahlbr. (Caloplaca paepalostoma v.) = Caloplaca circumalbata v. candida pruinella (Bagl.) Samp. (Lecanora) = Rinodina pruinella pruinifera Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pruinosa pruiniferum (Nyl.) Arnold (Placodium) = Lecanora pruinosa pruinosa A.L.Sm. (Arthonia gregaria v.) = Arthonia cinnabarina pruinosa A.Massal. (Acarospora cervina v.) = Acarospora cervina pruinosa ("Ach.") A.Massal. (Biatorella immersa v.) = Sarcogyne regularis pruinosa ("Ach.") Nyl. (Lecidea) = Sarcogyne regularis pruinosa ("Ach.") Schaer. (Lecidea immersa v.) = Sarcogyne regularis pruinosa Ach. (Arthonia) = Arthonia pruinata pruinosa Anders (Parmelia glomellifera v.) = Neofuscelia verruculifera pruinosa auct. (Biatorella) = Sarcogyne regularis pruinosa auct. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lithophila pruinosa auct. [non (Ach.) Mudd nom.illegit.] (Sarcogyne) = Sarcogyne regularis pruinosa (Bagl. & Carestia) H.Magn. (Rinodina nimbosa f.) = Phaeorrhiza nimbosa pruinosa H.Magn. (Acarospora nitrophila v.) = Acarospora nitrophila pruinosa (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Fulgensia pruinosa pruinosa Körb. (Gyalolechia) = Fulgensia pruinosa pruinosa Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidea lithophila pruinosa Lynge (Physcia aipolia ssp. angustata f.) = Physcia aipolia pruinosa P.James (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum pruinosum pruinosa sensu Beltr. (Biatora) = Lecidea lithophila ? pruinosa Th.Fr. (Lecanora castanea v.) = Bryonora pruinosa (Th.Fr.) Holt.-Hartw. pruinosa Werner (Toninia squarrosa v.) = Toninia squalida pruinosum A.Massal. (Endocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum pruinosum auct. (Thelotrema) = Pertusaria caesioalba pruinosum (de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Chiodecton) = Sclerophyton circumscriptum pruinosum de Lesd. (Stigmatidium) = Sclerophyton circumscriptum pruinosum Vain. (Dermatocarpon daedaleum f.) = Catapyrenium psoromoides prunastri (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Evernia prunastri prunastri (L.) Chev. (Ramalina) = Evernia prunastri prunastri (L.) Frege (Platysma) = Evernia prunastri prunastri L. (Lichen) = Evernia prunastri psammoica (Nyl.) Lettau (Gyalidea) = Gyalideopsis athalloides psammophila Erichsen (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria bryoctona (Th.Fr.) Orange psarophana Nyl. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia psarophana pseudandrosacea auct. [non (Bull.) M.M.Moser] (Omphalina) = Omphalina velutina pseudandrosacea (Bull.) M.M.Moser [non auct.] (Omphalina) = Omphalina ericetorum pseudarthonia A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia stigmatella v.) = ? pseudassimilis Hertel [nom.prov.] (Lecidea) = Lecidea atrobrunnea pseudoacrotella Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. pseudoandrosaceus Bull. (Agaricus) = Omphalina ericetorum PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS pseudoborreri Lambinon & Targé (Parmelia borreri v.) = Punctelia borreri pseudocatalepta Garov. (Lithoicea controversa v.) = Verrucaria nigrescens pseudocincinnata Mot. [nom.inval.] (Alectoria sarmentosa v.) = Alectoria sarmentosa pseudocoerulea Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Hymenelia coerulea pseudocorallina (Lilj.) Arnold (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria microstictica pseudocorallinus Lilj. (Lichen) = Pertusaria microstictica pseudocraspedia (Hazsl.) Gyeln. (Parmeliella) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea pseudocraspedia Hazsl. (Pannaria microphylla v.) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea pseudocrassa Mattick (Lecanora lentigera f.) = Squamarina cartilaginea pseudocrassa (Mattick) D.Hawksw. (Squamarina cartilaginea f.) = Squamarina cartilaginea pseudocrispata Delise (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa pseudocyrtella Anzi (Biatorina) = Lecania cyrtella ? pseudoflorida Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea rigida ? pseudofuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (Bryoria) = Bryoria implexa pseudofuscescens Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria implexa pseudogeoica Anzi (Gyalecta) = Gyalidea scutellaris pseudolivacea (Nyl.) Servít (Involucrothele) = Thelidium olivaceum pseudolivacea Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium olivaceum pseudomacrostoma Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. pseudomelinodes A.J.Schwab (Porpidia) = Hymenelia ochrolemma pseudomemnonia Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura ? pseudomyriocarpa Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. pseudonebulosa Gyeln. (Pannaria pezizoides f.) = Protopannaria pezizoides pseudonigrum Gyeln. (Placynthium caesitium f.) = Placynthium garovaglii pseudopallida Gyeln. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albella pseudopapillaris Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. pseudopilati (Vain.) Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidea ecrustacea pseudopinastri Du Rietz (Cetraria juniperina v.) = Vulpicida tubulosus pseudoplatani (Britz.) Nádv. (Physcia endophoenicea v.) = Phaeophyscia endophoenicea pseudoreticulata Tav. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema reticulatum pseudoreticulatum (Tav.) Hale (Parmotrema) = Parmotrema reticulatum pseudorivulare Eitner (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon lavatum pseudorufescens (de Lesd.) Redinger (Enterographa) = Schismatomma graphidioides pseudorufescens de Lesd. (Opegrapha) = Schismatomma graphidioides pseudoservitiana Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia verrucigera pseudospeirea (Th.Fr.) V.Wirth. [comb.inval.] (Siegertia) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum pseudospeireum (Th.Fr.) Lynge (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum pseudospeireum (Th.Fr.) Szatala (Rhizocarpon umbilicatum f.) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum pseudostrigosa Motyka (Usnea florida ssp.) = Usnea florida pseudotartarea (Vain.) Verseghy (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia szatalaensis pseudotinctorum Abbayes (Parmelia) = Parmotrema pseudotinctorum (Abbayes) Hale 154 pseudovaria Degel. [nom.nud.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora conizaeoides pseudoviridis Gyeln. (Parmelia rosiformis f.) = Parmelia sulcata pseudoviridis Gyeln. (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia saxatilis psilotera Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Leptorhaphis psilotera (Nyl.) Arnold/F psorae (Anzi) Müll.Arg. (Arthopyrenia) = Stigmidium psorae (Anzi) Hafellner [in Vĕzda]/F psorodea Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Endocarpon psorodeum psorodeum (Nyl.) Vain. (Dermatocarpon) = Endocarpon psorodeum psoroides Bagl. & Carestia (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuscoatra psoromoides Borrer [in Hook. & Sowerby] (Verrucaria) = Catapyrenium psoromoides psoromoides (Borrer) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Dermatocarpon) = Catapyrenium psoromoides psoromoides (Borrer) Trevis. (Placocarpus) = Catapyrenium psoromoides psotina (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Bacidia umbrina v.) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum psotinum (Nyl.) Trevis. (Placynthium nigrum v.) = Placynthium nigrum psymmithina (Nyl.) N.S.Golubk. (Sarcogyne regularis v.) = Sarcogyne regularis ptelaeodes (Ach.) Nyl. (Mycoporum) = Cyrtidula hippocastani (DC.) R.C.Harris/F pterulina (Nyl.) G.E.Howard (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia frigida ptychochrous Lettau (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes scruposus ptychochrous (Lettau) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Diploschistes scruposus ssp.) = Diploschistes scruposus pubescens auct. p.p. (Ephebe) = Ephebe lanata pubescens (L.) Ach. (Cornicularia) = Pseudephebe pubescens pubescens (L.) M.Choisy (Bryopogon) = Pseudephebe pubescens pubescens (L.) R.Howe (Alectoria) = Pseudephebe pubescens pubescens (L.) Vain. (Parmelia) = Pseudephebe pubescens pubescens L. (Lichen) = Pseudephebe pubescens pubescens Werner (Tingiopsidium) = Koerberia sonomensis pulchella Borrer [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Verrucaria) = Normandina pulchella pulchella (Borrer) A.Massal. (Lenormandia) = Normandina pulchella pulchella (Schrad.) A.Massal. (Catolechia) = Catolechia wahlenbergii pulchella (Schrad.) Tuck. (Buellia) = Catolechia wahlenbergii pulchellum (Borrer) Borrer (Endocarpon) = Normandina pulchella pulcherrima Vain. (Lecidea) = Anamylopsora pulcherrima (Vain.) Timdal pulchrevirens Anzi (Placodium) = Caloplaca sp. pulchrevirens (Anzi) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca sp. pulicaris A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Catillaria lenticularis pulicaris auct. p.p. [non Pers. ex Fr.] (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia pulicaris Pers. (Patellaria) = Lecanora pulicaris pulla Ach. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia pulla pullata (Norman) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea pullata pullatulum Ach. (Calicium) = Stenocybe pullatula pullulans Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Carbonea vorticosa pullus Wulfen (Lichen) = Umbilicaria proboscidea pulmonacea Ach. (Sticta) = Lobaria pulmonaria pulmonaria (L.) Biroli (Sticta) = Lobaria pulmonaria pulmonarius L. (Lichen) = Lobaria pulmonaria pulposa (Bernh.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Collema tenax 155 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms pulposulum (Nyl.) Cromb. (Collema pulposum v.) = Collema tenax pulposum (Bernh.) Ach. (Collema) = Collema tenax pulposus Bernh. (Lichen) = Collema tenax pulpulosum Nyl. (Collema) = Collema tenax pulveracea Schaer. (Lecidea enteroleuca v.) = Lecidella pulveracea pulveracea Th.Fr. (Lecidea turgidula v.) = Lecidea leprarioides Tønsberg pulveraceo-granulosa Grognot (Parmelia rubiginosa v.) = Fuscopannaria saubinetii pulverea Borrer [in Hook. & Sowerby] (Lecidea) = Megalaria pulverea pulverea (Borrer) Lettau (Catillaria) = Megalaria pulverea pulverea (Borrer) Mudd (Biatorina) = Megalaria pulverea pulverea (Borrer) Vĕzda & Poelt (Catinaria) = Megalaria pulverea pulverulacea Moberg (Physconia) = Physconia distorta pulverula Th.Fr. (Lecidea crassipes f.) = Helocarpon pulverulum pulverulenta (Anzi) Jatta (Buellia) = Diplotomma pulverulentum pulverulenta (Anzi) Körb. (Karschia) = Diplotomma pulverulentum pulverulenta (Arnold) A.L.Sm. (Graphina anguina v.) = Graphina anguina (Mont.) Müll.Arg. pulverulenta auct. [non (Taylor) Nyl.] (Peltigera) = Peltigera scabrosa pulverulenta auct.ital. (Hagenia) = Physconia distorta pulverulenta ("Hoffm.") Poelt (Physconia) = Physconia distorta pulverulenta ("Hoffm.".) Ach. (Parmelia) = Physconia distorta pulverulenta (Pers.) Ach. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta pulverulenta (Pers.) Ach. (Graphis) = Graphis scripta pulverulenta Th.Fr. (Lecidea elaeochroma v.) = Lecidella scabra pulverulentum (Schaer.) Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon atroflavescens pulverulentum (Schaer.) Runemark (Rhizocarpon atroflavescens ssp.) = Rhizocarpon atroflavescens pulverulentus Anzi (Abrothallus) = Diplotomma pulverulentum pulvinata (A.Massal.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca saxicola ssp.) = Caloplaca saxicola pulvinata A.Massal. (Physcia murorum v.) = Caloplaca saxicola pulvinata A.Massal. (Physcia parietina v.) = Xanthoria polycarpa pulvinata Anzi (Physcia candelaria v.) = Candelaria concolor ? pulvinata Anzi [sec.descr.] (Ramalina pollinaria v.) = Ramalina breviuscula pulvinata auct. (Omphalaria) = Thyrea confusa pulvinata auct. [non (Schaer.) A.Massal.] (Thyrea) = Thyrea confusa pulvinata Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria amara pulvinata (Erichsen) Almb. (Pertusaria amara f.) = Pertusaria amara pulvinata H.Magn. (Parmeliella corallinoides v.) = Parmeliella triptophylla pulvinata Hillmann (Pamelia furfuracea v.) = Pseudevernia furfuracea pulvinata (Körb.) Sántha (Physcia orbicularis v.) = Phaeophyscia nigricans pulvinata (Körb.) Stein (Physcia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia nigricans pulvinata (Laurer) Hillmann (Parmelia panniformis v.) = Melanelia panniformis pulvinata (Malbr.) Mereschk. (Candelariella vitellina v.) = Candelariella coralliza pulvinata (Malbr.) Zahlbr. (Candelariella) = Candelariella coralliza pulvinata Malbr. (Lecanora vitellina v.) = Candelariella coralliza pulvinata Räsänen (Usnea) = Usnea hirta pulvinata (Rehm) Arnold (Leciographa) = Opegrapha pulvinata pulvinata (Schaer.) Th.Fr. (Pyrenopsis) = Euopsis pulvinata pulvinata Schaer. (Lecidea) = Euopsis pulvinata pulvinata (Taylor) Mudd (Bacidia) = Toninia thiopsora pulvinatula Arnold (Lecidella) = Miriquidica pulvinatula pulvinatula (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica pulvinatula pulvinatum A.Massal. (Enchylium affine v.) = Pterygiopsis affinis pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Beltr. (Leptogium atrocaeruleum v.) = Leptogium lichenoides pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Cromb. (Leptogium) = Leptogium lichenoides pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Körb. (Leptogium lacerum v.) = Leptogium lichenoides pulvinatum (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. (Leptogium lichenoides v.) = Leptogium lichenoides pulvinatum (Rehm) Rehm (Celidium) = Opegrapha pulvinata pulvinatum (Schaer.) Flot. (Stereocaulon denudatum v.) = Stereocaulon vesuvianum pulvinosum (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria sphaerospora ? pumila (Huds.) Gray [non sensu Gray] (Lichina) = Lichina pygmaea pumila (Huds.) Gray [sensu Gray] (Lichina) = Lichina confinis pumilionis (Rehm) Arnold (Lecanora) = Lecanora sarcopidoides pumilionis (Rehm) Oksner (Biatora) = Lecanora sarcopidoides pumilum Kremp. (Calicium curtum v.) = Calicium abietinum pumilus Huds. (Fucus) = Lichina pygmaea punctata (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Buellia) = Amandinea punctata punctata (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Amandinea punctata punctata (Hoffm.) Flörke (Lecidea) = Amandinea punctata punctata Hoffm. (Verrucaria) = Amandinea punctata punctiformis (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Buellia) = Amandinea punctata punctiformis (Hoffm.) Hazsl. (Buellia punctata v.) = Amandinea punctata punctiformis (Hoffm.) Mudd (Buellia myriocarpa v.) = Amandinea punctata punctiformis (Hoffm.) Wahlenb. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Amandinea punctata punctiformis (Pers.) A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis punctiformis (Pers.) R.C.Harris (Naetrocymbe) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis punctiformis (Pers.) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis punctiformis (Pers.) Trevis. (Pyrenula) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis punctiformis Pers. (Verrucaria) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis punctulata (Körb.) Syd. (Biatorina lenticularis v.) = Catillaria lenticularis punctum (A.Massal.) Jatta (Lecidea) = Phaeopyxis punctum (A.Massal.) Rambold, Triebel & Coppins/F punctum (A.Massal.) Jatta (Lecidea) = Phaeopyxis punctum (A.Massal.) Rambold, Triebel & Coppins/F PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS punctum A.Massal. (Nesolechia) = Phaeopyxis punctum (A.Massal.) Rambold, Triebel & Coppins/F pungens (Ach.) Flörke (Cladonia) = Cladonia rangiformis pungens (Ach.) Vain. (Cladonia rangiformis v.) = Cladonia rangiformis pungens (Körb.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidella anomaloides pungens (Körb.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella anomaloides pungens (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea elaeochroma v.) = Lecidella anomaloides pungens Körb. (Biatora) = Lecidella anomaloides puniceofuscescens Jatta (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora sp. pupillaris Nyl. (Lecanora) = Pertusaria pupillaris pura J.Steiner (Caloplaca ferrarii v.) = Caloplaca ferrarii purpurascens (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria marmorea purpurascens Hoffm. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria marmorea purpurascens Jatta (Acrocordia ligustica v.) = Acrocordia conoidea purpurascens Nyl. (Heppia) = Pterygiopsis affinis pusilla (A.Massal.) Tornab. (Gasparrinia) = Caloplaca saxicola pusilla (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca saxicola pusilla A.Massal. (Physcia) = Caloplaca saxicola pusilla Anzi (Sarcogyne) = Polysporina pusilla pusilla (Anzi) [Zahlbr. ex] Beck (Biatorella) = Polysporina pusilla pusilla Arnold (Verrucaria murina v.) = Verrucaria murina pusilla (Fr.) Körb. (Peltigera) = Peltigera didactyla pusilla Fr. (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera didactyla pusilla Mereschk. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia pusilloides pusilloides Zahlbr. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia pusilloides pusillum (A.Massal.) Anzi (Placodium) = Caloplaca saxicola pusillum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca saxicola pusillum (Ach.) Flörke (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla pusillum Ach. (Calicium claviculare v.) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla pusillum (Hedw.) Anzi (Dermatocarpon) = Endocarpon pusillum pusillum (Hedw.) Körb. (Endopyrenium) = Endocarpon pusillum pusillum Nyl. (Leptogium) = Leptogium biatorinum pusiolum Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis pusiola pustulata Ach. (Porina) = Pertusaria pustulata pustulata (L.) A.Massal. (Macrodictya) = Lasallia pustulata pustulata (L.) Ach. (Gyrophora) = Lasallia pustulata pustulata (L.) Hoffm. (Umbilicaria) = Lasallia pustulata pustulatus L. (Lichen) = Lasallia pustulata pustulosissimum Harm. (Collema furvum v.) = Collema fuscovirens putrida (Körb.) Körb. (Biatora viridescens v.) = Trapeliopsis viridescens pycnocarpa H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Lecanora leptyrodes pycnocarpoides Eitner (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum pycnotheliza (Nyl.) Vain. (Cladonia coniocraea v.) = Cladonia fimbriata pycnotheliza Nyl. (Cladonia) = Cladonia fimbriata pygmaea (Bory) Th.Fr. (Xanthoria lychnea v.) = Xanthoria candelaria pygmaeus Lightf. (Fucus) = Lichina pygmaea pyracea Ach. (Parmelia cerina v.) = Caloplaca pyracea pyraceoides de Lesd. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca saxicola ? pyraceum (Ach.) Anzi (Placodium) = Caloplaca pyracea pyrenaica Frey (Umbilicaria hirsuta v.) = Umbilicaria freyi pyrenastrella (Nyl.) Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis pyrenophora (Ach.) Servít (Involucrothele) = Thelidium pyrenophorum 156 pyrenophora Ach. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium pyrenophorum pyrenophorum sensu A.Massal. [non (Ach.) Mudd] (Thelidium) = Thelidium papulare pyrenopsoides (Nyl.) Forssell (Psorotichia) = Porocyphus coccodes pyrina (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Rinodina exigua v.) = Rinodina pyrina pyrinus Ach. (Lichen) = Rinodina pyrina pyrithromoides (H.Olivier) Egea (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca ligustica pyrithromoides (H.Olivier) M.Choisy & Werner (Chrysomma) = Caloplaca ligustica pyrithromoides H.Olivier (Lecanora pyracea f.) = Caloplaca ligustica pyxidata (L.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia pyxidata pyxidatus L. (Lichen) = Cladonia pyxidata quadrata (Körb.) Trevis. (Rostania) = Collema occultatum quadratum [J.Lahm ex] Körb. (Collema) = Collema occultatum quadratum (Körb.) [Nyl. ex] Norrl. (Leptogium) = Collema occultatum quadricolor (Dicks.) Borrer (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis granulosa quadriseptata (Ohlert) Lettau (Arthonia) = Arthonia punctiformis quarnerica Zahlbr. (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa quarnerica (Zahlbr.) Vĕzda quartzicola Moug. (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia mougeotii quartzina Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora actophila Wedd. querceti Nyl. (Lecidea) = Gyalecta flotowii quercicola A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia persoonii f.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis quercicola (Nyl.) Vain. (Bacidia) = Bacidia circumspecta quercina auct. [non Flagey] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca aegatica quercina Flagey (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca flavorubescens v. quercina quercina Trevis. (Opegrapha scripta f.) = Graphis scripta quercina (Willd.) Vain. (Parmelia) = Parmelina quercina quercinus Willd. (Lichen) = Parmelina quercina quercus (A.Massal.) Müll.Arg. (Mycoporellum) = Cyrtidula quercus (A.Massal.) Minks/F quercus (A.Massal.) Müll.Arg. (Mycoporum) = Cyrtidula quercus (A.Massal.) Minks/F quercus (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Dermatina) = Cyrtidula quercus (A.Massal.) Minks/F quercus A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Cyrtidula quercus (A.Massal.) Minks/F quercus A.Massal. (Pyrenula) = Eopyrenula leucoplaca quernea (Dicks.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Pyrrhospora quernea quernea (Dicks.) Clauzade (Protoblastenia) = Pyrrhospora quernea quernea (Dicks.) Fr. (Biatora) = Pyrrhospora quernea querneus Dicks. (Lichen) = Pyrrhospora quernea quinqueseptatum Arnold (Thelotrema) = Polyblastia quinqueseptata quinqueseptatum (Kernst.) Zahlbr. (Collema nigrescens f.) = Collema nigrescens quinqueseptatum Kernst. (Synechoblastus nigrescens f.) = Collema nigrescens quisquiliare (Leers) Hoffm. (Stereocaulon) = Leprocaulon microscopicum quisquiliare (Leers) M.Choisy (Leprocaulon) = Leprocaulon microscopicum rabenhorstiana Gyeln. (Massalongia) = Fuscopannaria saubinetii rabenhorstii Hepp (Patellaria) = Lecania rabenhorstii rabenhorstii (Hepp) A.Massal. (Biatorina) = Lecania rabenhorstii 157 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms rabenhorstii (Hepp) Jatta (Lecaniella) = Lecania rabenhorstii rabenhorstii (Hepp) Mudd (Lecania erysibe v.) = Lecania rabenhorstii racemosa (Hoffm.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia furcata racemosa (Hoffm.) Flörke (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia furcata racemosa Hoffm. (Cladonia) = Cladonia furcata racemosa Lynge (Cornicularia) = Cetraria aculeata radiata (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia stellaris radiata Leight. (Graphis diffracta v.) = Graphis scripta radiata (Pers.) Ach. (Opegrapha astroidea v.) = Arthonia radiata radiata (Schreb.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia fimbriata radiata (Schreb.) Cromb. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia subulata radiata (Schreb.) Ozenda & Clauzade (Cladonia subulata v.) = Cladonia subulata radiata (Sommerf.) Zahlbr. (Thyrea) = Lempholemma radiatum (Sommerf.) Henssen radiata Tuck. (Rinodina) = Dimelaena radiata (Tuck.) Hale & W.L.Culb. radicatus Vill. (Lichen) = Toninia sedifolia radicescens (Nyl.) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Neocatapyrenium radicescens radicescens Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Neocatapyrenium radicescens radiosa (Anzi) Körb. (Wilmsia) = Placynthium subradiatum radiosa (Hoffm.) Hafellner (Lobothallia) = Lobothallia radiosa radiosa (Hoffm.) Poelt & Leuckert (Aspicilia) = Lobothallia radiosa radiosa (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Lecanora) = Lobothallia radiosa radiosum Anzi (Lecothecium) = Placynthium subradiatum radiosum (Anzi) Körb. (Placynthium) = Placynthium subradiatum radiosum (Anzi) Körb. (Pterygium) = Placynthium subradiatum radiosum (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Placodium) = Lobothallia radiosa radiosum (Hoffm.) Körb. (Placodium circinatum v.) = Lobthallia radiosa radiosus Hoffm. (Lichen) = Lobothallia radiosa ragusana Zahlbr. (Physcia) = Physcia biziana v. biziana ragusanum Zahlbr. (Collema) = Collema polycarpon ssp. corcyrense ralfsii (Salwey) A.L.Sm. (Lecania) = Halecania ralfsii (Salwey) M.Mayrhofer rameum (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Nephroma) = Nephroma resupinatum ramificans (Nyl.) Lettau (Phaeographis) = Graphis elegans ramificans Nyl. (Graphis) = Graphis elegans ramosa de Lesd. (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa grumulosa ramulicola (H.Magn.) Hillmann [nom.illegit. non H.Magn.] (Lecidea) = Lecanora ramulicola (H.Magn.) Printzen & P.May ramulicola (H.Magn.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora symmicta f.) = Lecanora ramulicola (H.Magn.) Printzen & P.May ramulicola H.Magn. (Lecanora symmicta v.) = Lecanora ramulicola (H.Magn.) Printzen & P.May ramulicola H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecanora cadubriae ramulicola [Kernst. ex] Arnold [nom.illegit.] (Rinodina) = Rinodina septentrionalis ramulicola Kernst. [non Kernst. ex Arnold] (Rinodina) = Rinodina exigua ramulosa auct. [non (Hoffm.) Körb.] (Synalissa) = Synalissa symphorea ramulosa Hook. (Dufourea) = Dactylina ramulosa ramulosus With. (Lichen) = Cladonia ramulosa rangiferina (L.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia rangiferina rangiferina (L.) Nyl. (Cladina) = Cladonia rangiferina rangiferina (L.) Wallr. (Patellaria) = Cladonia rangiferina rangiferinus L. (Lichen) = Cladonia rangiferina rangiformis (Hoffm.) Flörke (Cenomyce) = Cladonia rangiformis rapallensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. ravida (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora effusa v.) = Lecanora saligna reagens Coppins & P.James (Arthothelium ilicinum v.) = Arthothelium macounii reagens (de Lesd.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Rhizocarpon umbilicatum v.) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum reagens (de Lesd.) W.L.Culb. (Ramalina) = Ramalina farinacea reagens de Lesd. (Diplotomma calcareum v.) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum reagens de Lesd. (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina farinacea reagens Sancho (Lecidea atrobrunnea v.) = Lecidea atrobrunnea reagens Servít (Parmelia stygia v.) = Melanelia stygia reagens (Servít) Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Melanelia stygia reagens Zahlbr. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nodulosa v. reagens reagens Zahlbr. (Lecanora calcarea f.) = Aspicilia calcarea v. reagens reagens Zschacke (Lecidea) = Porpidia platycarpoides recedens Taylor [in J.Mackay] (Lecidea) = Aspicilia recedens recedens (Taylor) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia recedens recensa Stirt. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea recensa rechingeri Servít (Caloplaca calcicola v.) = Caloplaca cretensis rechingeri Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. rechingeri Szatala (Thalloidima) = Catillaria chalybeia ? recobariana (A.Massal.) Jatta (Buellia spuria v.) = Buellia spuria recobariana (A.Massal.) Körb. (Buellia italica v.) = Buellia spuria recobariana A.Massal. (Catolechia) = Buellia spuria recta Bagl. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra recta (Schaer.) Rabenh. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta recta Schaer. (Opegrapha scripta v.) = Graphis scripta recurva A.L.Sm. (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia scabriuscula reddenda Stirt. (Parmelia) = Punctelia reddenda (Stirt.) Krog reducta H.Magn. (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia heteromorpha reducta Stirt. (Pertusaria) = Phlyctis argena reducta (Th.Fr.) Hellb. (Microglaena) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella reducta (Th.Fr.) Vain. (Thelenella) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella reducta (Th.Fr.) Zschacke (Gloeopyrenia) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella reducta Th.Fr. (Microglaena sphinctrinoides ssp.) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella reductum Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum refellens (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium) = Caloplaca obscurella refellens (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca obscurella refellens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca obscurella reflexa (Nyl.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Candelariella reflexa reflexa (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Candelariella reflexa reflexa Nyl. (Lecanora vitellina v.) = Candelariella reflexa regeliana Hepp (Biatora) = Myxobilimbia lobulata regeliana (Hepp) Körb. (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia lobulata regeliana (Hepp) Lönnr. (Toninia syncomista v.) = Myxobilimbia lobulata regularis (Körb.) Lettau (Biatorella) = Sarcogyne regularis rehmica A.Massal. (Psorotichia) = Porocyphus rehmicus rehmii (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora tongletii f.) = Acarospora tongletii rehmii H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora tongletii PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS rejecta Th.Fr. (Blastenia) = Lecidella carpathica relanderi Räsänen (Lecidea) = Calvitimela aglaea reniformis Pers. (Opegrapha) = Arthonia reniformis renitens Grummann (Voralbergia) = Epigloea renitens (Grummann) Döbbeler repanda auct. [non Fr.] (Dirina) = Dirina massiliensis repanda Fr. [non auct.] (Dirina) = Dirina ceratoniae requienii (A.Massal.) Jatta (Massalongia) = Solenopsora holophaea requienii A.Massal. (Solenopsora) = Solenopsora holophaea requienii De Not. (Ramalina polymorpha v.) = Ramalina requienii resinae (Fr.) Kuntze (Sarea) = Tromera resinae resinae (Fr.) Sacc. (Nectriella) = Tromera resinae resinae (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Biatorella) = Tromera resinae resinae [Fr. ex] Fr. (Peziza) = Tromera resinae restricta Stirt. (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea resupinata (L.) Ach. (Peltidea) = Nephroma resupinatum resupinata (L.) DC. (Peltigera) = Nephroma resupinatum resupinatum (L.) Fr. (Nephromium) = Nephroma resupinatum resupinatus L. (Lichen) = Nephroma resupinatum retecta Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aquatilis ? reticulata (Dufour) Nyl. (Heppia) = Heppia solorinoides reticulata Kremp. (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia intermutans ? reticulata (Schaer.) Carestia (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria decussata reticulata Schaer. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria decussata reticulata Taylor [in J.Mackay] (Parmelia) = Parmotrema reticulatum reticulata (Taylor) Hale & A.Flechter (Rimelia) = Parmotrema reticulatum reticulata (Wulfen) A.E.Wade (Alectoria pubescens v.) = Pseudephebe pubescens reticulatum Dufour (Endocarpon) = Heppia solorinoides retigena Hedl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria retigena (Hedl.) H.Magn. retinens Nyl. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis retinens/F retiruga (DC.) Th.Fr. (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia saxatilis retusa Ach. (Evernia prunastri v.) = Evernia prunastri reuteri Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana reuteri (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Placodium) = Lecanora reuteri reuteri (Schaer.) Trevis. (Patellaria) = Lecanora reuteri revoluta Flörke (Parmelia) = Hypotrachyna revoluta revoluta (Flörke) Körb. (Imbricaria) = Hypotrachyna revoluta rhabdogena Norman (Biatora) = Micarea rhabdogena (Norman) Hedl. rhaetica [Hepp ex] Arnold [nom.nud.] (Lecidea) = Farnoldia micropsis rhagadiosa (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Acarospora) = Acarospora scabra rhagadiosa (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Glypholecia) = Acarospora scabra rhagadiza (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora smaragdula v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula rhedonense (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum rhedonensis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon reductum rhexoblephara (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Rhexophiale rhexoblephara (Nyl.) Zahlbr. rhexoblephara (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Lecanactis) = Rhexophiale rhexoblephara (Nyl.) Zahlbr. rhinodinoides (J.Steiner) Szatala (Blastenia) = Caloplaca variabilis rhinodinoides J.Steiner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca variabilis rhizinosum (Müll.Arg.) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Neocatapyrenium rhizinosum (M üll.Arg.) Breuss rhizinosum Müll.Arg. (Endopyrenium) = Neocatapyrenium rhizinosum (M üll.Arg.) Breuss 158 rhizobola Nyl. (Lecidea) = Acarospora rhizobola (Nyl.) Alstrup rhizophora Stirt. (Calidia) = Byssoloma leucoblepharum rhodocarpa Körb. (Pertusaria) = Varicellaria rhodocarpa rhododendri Arnaud & Rehm (Arthonia) = Melaspilea rhododendri rhododendri (Arnold) Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe rhododendri rhododendri (Arnold) Stizenb. (Verrucaria punctiformis f.) = Naetrocymbe rhododendri rhododendri (Harm.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecanora pulicaris ssp.) = Lecanora salicicola rhododendri (Harm.) Motyka (Lecanora) = Lecanora salicicola rhododendri (Harm.) Poelt sensu Poelt (Lecanora subfuscata v.) = Lecanora salicicola rhododendri Harm. (Lecanora chlarona f.) = Lecanora salicicola rhododendri [Hepp ex] H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina malangica rhododendri Hepp (Biatora sylvana v.) = Lecidea rhododendri rhododendri ("Hepp") Arnold (Rinodina pyrina f.) = Rinodina malangica rhododendri (Hepp) Arnold (Biatora) = Lecidea rhododendri rhododendrina Nyl. (Lecidea) = Adelolecia rhododendrina rhodoleuca Th.Fr. (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia rhodoleuca (Th.Fr.) Brodo rhodopis (Sommerf.) Blomb. & Forssell (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia rhodopis (Sommerf.) Lutzoni rhodopsis Th.Fr. & Almq. (Bacidia) = Bacidia vermifera rhodosticta auct. [non (Taylor) Henssen] (Cryptothelele) = Pyrenopsis subareolata rhodosticta auct. [non (Taylor) Müll.Arg.] (Pyrenopsis) = Pyrenopsis subareolata rhodosticta Taylor (Verrucaria) = Cryptothele rhodosticta (Taylor) Henssen rhodosticta (Taylor) Müll.Arg. (Pyrenopsis) = Cryptothele rhodosticta (Taylor) Henssen rhypariza (Nyl.) Poelt (Bryonora) = Bryodina rhypariza rhypariza Nyl. (Lecanora) = Bryodina rhypariza rhyparodes Nyl. (Leptogium) = Collema callopismum v. rhyparodes (Nyl.) Degel. rhyparophaea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Catillaria lenticularis rhyparophaea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria lenticularis rhypodiza (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Halecania rhypodiza (Nyl.) Coppins rhypodiza (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Halecania rhypodiza (Nyl.) Coppins rhyponta (Ach.) A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe rhyponta rhyponta (Ach.) R.C.Harris (Naetrocymbe) = Naetrocymbe rhyponta rhyponta (Ach.) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Naetrocymbe rhyponta rhyponta (Ach.) Trevis. (Pyrenula) = Naetrocymbe rhyponta rhyponta Ach. (Verrucaria) = Naetrocymbe rhyponta rhyponta auct. p.p. [non (Ach.) A.Massal.] (Arthopyrenia) = Arthopyrenia microspila rhytidodes A.Massal. (Callopisma cerinum v.) = Caloplaca cerina ribis-petraei Carestia (Arthonia epipasta f.) = Arthonia cytisi ? ribis Bagl. & Carestia (Arthonia epipasta f.) = Arthonia dispersa ricasoliae Vouaux (Karschia) = Dactylospora lobariella (Nyl.) Hafellner/F ricasolii (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Buellia) = Melaspilea urceolata 159 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms ricasolii (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Catillaria) = Melaspilea urceolata ricasolii (A.Massal.) Egea & Torrente (Schismatomma) = Schismatomma graphidioides ricasolii (A.Massal.) Jatta (Opegrapha) = Schismatomma graphidioides ricasolii A.Massal. (Abrothallus) = Melaspilea urceolata ricasolii A.Massal. (Lecanactis) = Schismatomma graphidioides ricasolii Garov. (Verrucaria) = Porina linearis richardii [Lamy ex] Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon richardii richardii (Lamy) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Rhizocarpon constrictum ssp.) = Rhizocarpon richardii ridescens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon ridescens ridniense Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon alpicola rigida Ach. (Usnea florida v.) = Usnea rigida rigida (Du Rietz) Llano (Agyrophora) = Umbilicaria rigida (Du Rietz) Frey rigida (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Alectoria ochroleuca v.) = Alectoria ochroleuca rigida Fr. (Evernia ochroleuca v.) = Alectoria ochroleuca rigidula A.Massal. (Cladonia furcata v. racemosa f.) = Cladonia furcata rigidula de Lesd. [in Hue] (Crocynia) = Lepraria rigidula rimalis Pers. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia rimata [Flot. ex] Nyl. (Platygrapha) = Schismatomma graphidioides rimata (Nyl.) Zwackh (Enterographa) = Schismatomma graphidioides rimatum (Nyl.) Almq. (Schismatomma) = Schismatomma graphidioides rimiseda Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea confluentula rimosa (Retz.) Röhl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. rupicola v. rupicola rimosa Zahlbr. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra rimulicola (Müll.Arg.) Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Dactylospora rimulicola (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner/F rimulicola Müll.Arg. (Buellia) = Dactylospora rimulicola (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner/F rimulosum Th.Fr. (Thalloidima) = Toninia squalescens (Nyl.) Th.Fr. rinodinoides Anzi (Buellia) = Rinodina rinodinoides rinodinoides (Anzi) Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Rinodina rinodinoides riparia Arnold (Psorotichia) = Porocyphus rehmicus riparia (Flot.) Jatta (Lecanora saxicola v.) = Lecanora muralis ssp. muralis riparia J.Steiner [nom.illegit.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora muralis ssp. dubyi riparia (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner (Kiliasia) = Toninia philippea riparia (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Toninia philippea riparia Müll.Arg. (Patellaria) = Toninia philippea riparium Müll.Arg. (Callopisma variabile v.) = Caloplaca diphyodes riparium Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geographicum riparius (Arnold) Körber (Porocyphus) = Porocyphus rehmicus ripartii sensu Poelt [non Lamy] (Lecanora) = Lecanora pseudistera riphaeus Stein (Catocarpus chionophilus v.) = Rhizocarpon alpicola rivale Arnold (Thelidium) = Polyblastia rivalis (Arnold) Zschacke rivalis (Arnold) Zschacke (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia rivalis (Arnold) Zschacke rivas-martinezii Barreno & A.Crespo (Buellia) = Diplotomma rivas-martinezii (Barreno & A.Crespo) Molina & A.Crespo rivulare (Flot.) Körb. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon badioatrum rivularis (Eitner) Vĕzda (Gyalidea fritzei v.) = Gyalidea rivularis (Eitner) J.Novak & Tobol. rivulicola H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia rivulicola (H.Magn.) Räsänen rivulorum Arnold (Endocarpon) = Dermatocarpon rivulorum rivulorum H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia aquatica rivulosa (Ach.) Fr. (Biatora) = Fuscidea cyathoides rivulosa Ach. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea cyathoides robergia Schulzer & Sacc. (Metasphaeria) = Cresporhaphis acerina (Rehm) B.A.Aguirre roboris [Dufour ex] Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina roboris roboris (Nyl.) Bagl. & Carestia (Rinodina metabolica v.) = Rinodina roboris robusta Degel. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema robustum robusta Mereschk. (Arthonia astroidea f.) = Arthonia radiata robustum Eitner (Thelocarpon) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula rodellense Lettau (Thelidium) = Thelidium absconditum rodnensis Zschacke (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia albida ? rodriguesii Cromb. (Heppia) = Peltula rodriguesii roesleri [Höchst. ex] Schaer. (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina roesleri roesleri (Schaer.) Bowler & Rundel (Fistulariella) = Ramalina roesleri rolleana H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina rolleana Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea rolleana (Hue) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea romanoana Hue (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria ignobilis romeana Müll.Arg. (Rinodina) = Rinodina confragosa rondoniana Clauzade & Vĕzda (Physcia) = Physcia bizian rorida Sommerf. (Lecidea daphoena v.) = Lecidea lithophila roridulum Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon obscuratum ssp.) = Rhizocarpon roridulum (Th.Fr.) H.Olivier rosacea Anzi (Arthonia) = Arthothelium ruanum ? rosacea Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia candida rosacea [Schaer. ex] A.Massal. (Ramalina polymorpha v.) = Ramalina rosacea rosaceum (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Arthothelium) = Arthothelium ruanum ? rosaceum Schaer. (Collema nigrescens v.) = Collema nigrescens rosaeformis (Asta, Clauzade & Cl.Roux) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Verrucaria hochstetteri v.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri roscida Sommerf. (Lecanora) = Rinodina roscida roscidum Ach. (Calicium) = Calicium adspersum rosea A.Massal. (Verrucaria purpurascens v.) = Verrucaria marmorea rosea Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Opegrapha grumulosa v.) = Lecanographa grumulosa rosea de Lesd. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha variaeformis rosea (Eitner) Zahlbr. (Gyalecta) = Dimerella pineti rosea (Pers.) Clemente (Dibaeis) = Dibaeis baeomyces rosea Servít (Microglaena) = Topelia rosea rosei (Sérus.) P.James (Zamenhofia) = Porina rosei rosella (Körb.) Kremp. (Zeora coarctata v.) = Trapelia coarctata rosellovirens Nyl. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta subclausa rosellus Pers. (Lichen) = Bacidia rosella roseola Arnold (Gyalecta) = Gyalidea roseola roseosorediosa Gyeln. (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia androgyna roseum (Kremp.) Syd. (Amphoridium marmoreum v.) = Verrucaria marmorea roseus Pers. (Baeomyces) = Dibaeis baeomyces rosiformis (Ach.) Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Parmelia sulcata rossicus Gyeln. (Diploschistes bryophilus v.) = Diploschistes muscorum PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS rosulans (Th.Fr.) Degel. (Placynthium pannariellum v.) = Placynthium rosulans rosulans Th.Fr. (Lecothecium) = Placynthium rosulans rosulata (Ach.) Hue (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia stellaris rosulata (Anzi) Jatta (Biatorina) = Toninia rosulata rosulatum Anzi (Thalloidima) = Toninia rosulata rotuliforme (Müll.Arg.) R.Sant. & Thorold (Byssoloma) = Byssoloma subdiscordans rousselii (Durieu & Mont.) De Not. (Biatorella) = Biatorella fossarum rousselii Durieu & Mont. (Biatora) = Biatorella fossarum ruana (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Arthoniopsis) = Arthothelium ruanum ruana A.Massal. (Arthonia) = Arthothelium ruanum ruanideum (Nyl.) Arnold (Arthothelium) = Arthothelium ruanum rubbianum A.Massal. (Enchylium) = Pterygiopsis affinis rubecula A.Massal. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rufescens rubella Hoffm. (Verrucaria) = Bacidia rubella rubella (Nyl.) Jatta (Sagedia) = Thelopsis rubella rubella Pers. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rufescens rubelliana Ach. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca rubelliana rubelliana (Ach.) Schaer. (Lecidea) = Caloplaca rubelliana rubellianum (Ach.) A.Massal. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca rubelliana rubellum A.Massal. (Thelidium) = Thelidium papulare rubens Ach. (Lepraria) = Arthonia byssacea rubens auct.ital. (Lepra) = Arthonia cinnabarina rubens Kernst. (Alectoria cana f.) = Bryoria capillaris rubescens A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca rubelliana rubescens Erichsen (Pertusaria rupestris v.) = Pertusaria pertusa v. rupestris rubescens Jatta (Acrocordia gemmata v.) = Acrocordia gemmata rubescens Räsänen (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina subfarinacea rubescens Räsänen (Xylographa) = Xylographa parallela rubescens (Räsänen) Degel. (Xylographa abietina v.) = Xylographa parallela rubescens Sandst. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha ochrocheila rubescens (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca irrubescens rubescens (Th.Fr.) Du Rietz (Parmelia cetrarioides v.) = Cetrelia olivetorum rubescens (Th.Fr.) Vain. (Parmelia) = Cetrelia olivetorum rubescens Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon plicatile (Leight.) A.L.Sm. rubescens Trass (Peltigera horizontalis f.) = Peltigera neckeri rubescens (Vain.) Keissl. (Calicium pusiolum f.) = Chaenothecopsis rubescens Vain./F rubicola (Crouan) H.Olivier (Catillaria) = Fellhanera bouteillei rubicunda Bagl. (Aspicilia cinerea v.) = Aspicilia cupreoglauca rubicunda (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. (Biatorella fossarum v.) = Biatorella hemisphaerica rubidula (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Protoblastenia cyclospora rubidula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Protoblastenia cyclospora rubiformis (A.Massal.) Redgr. (Melaspilea) = Encephalographa elisae rubiformis A.Massal. (Encephalographa) = Encephalographa elisae rubiformis (Ach.) Wahlenb. (Lecidea) = Psora rubiformis rubiformis Ach. (Baeomyces) = Psora rubiformis rubiginea auct. [non (Michx.) A.Massal.] (Usnea) = Usnea rubicunda 160 rubigineoatra Vain. (Lecidea) = Clauzadea monticola rubiginosa (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Pannaria rubiginosa rubiginosa Bagl. (Usnea barbata f.) = Usnea rubicunda rubiginosus Ach. (Lichen) = Pannaria rubiginosa rubina ("Vill.") Ach. (Lecanora) = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca rubina ("Vill.") Hoffm. (Squamaria) = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca rubina ("Vill.") M.Choisy (Omphalodina) = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca rubinum ("Vill.") Müll.Arg. (Placodium) = Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca rubra (de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca lactea f.) = Caloplaca marmorata rubra de Lesd. (Gyalolechia lactea f.) = Caloplaca marmorata rubra (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta ulmi rubra (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Gyalecta ulmi rubra (Hoffm.) Körb. (Phialopsis) = Gyalecta ulmi rubra (Hoffm.) Müll.Arg. (Lecania) = Gyalecta ulmi rubricosa J.Steiner (Parmelia saxatilis f.) = Parmelia saxatilis rubricosa Stein (Acarospora glaucocarpa v.) = Acarospora cervina rubrireagens Asta & Cl.Roux (Aspicilia polychroma v.) = Aspicilia polychroma ? rubrireagens Poelt & Rondon (Acarospora) = Acarospora heufleriana ? rubrireagens Vĕzda (Usnea florida ssp.) = Usnea rigida rubrofusca de Lesd. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pseudistera rubropulchra Degel. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl. rubrum (Hoffm.) Trevis. (Lepadolemma) = Gyalecta ulmi rudecta Ach. (Parmelia) = Punctelia rudecta (Ach.) Krog ruderella (Nyl.) de Lesd. (Allarthonia lapidicola v.) = Arthonia lapidicola ? ruderum (DC.) Servít (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria ruderum ruebeliana Du Rietz & Frey (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria ruebeliana ruebelianus (Du Rietz & Frey) Schol. (Omphalodiscus) = Umbilicaria ruebeliana rufa A.Massal. (Polyblastia) = Staurothele rufa rufa Ach. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora glabrata rufa (Huds.) Kuntze (Tubercularia) = Baeomyces rufus rufescens (Ach.) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium rufescens rufescens (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Catapyrenium lachneum ssp.) = Placidium rufescens rufescens (Ach.) Körb. (Endopyrenium) = Placidium rufescens rufescens (Ach.) Kremp. (Acarospora) = Acarospora fuscata rufescens (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium rufescens rufescens Ach. (Endocarpon) = Placidium rufescens rufescens Anzi (Alectoria jubata f.) = Bryoria capillaris rufescens Arnold (Lecanora symmictera f.) = Lecanora ramulicola (H.Magn.) Printzen & P.May rufescens ([Turn ex] Ach.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora smaragdula v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula ? rufescens Weiss (Lichen caninus v.) = Peltigera rufescens rufescens (Weiss) Mudd (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera rufescens rufescens (Weiss) Neck. (Lichen) = Peltigera rufescens rufescens With. (Lichen) = Ophioparma ventosum rufescentisorediosa Gyeln. (Parmelia rosiformis f.) = Parmelia sulcata rufescentis Vouaux (Pleospora) = Dacampia rufescentis (Vouaux) D.Hawksw./F rufidula A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia fraxini v.) = Naetrocymbe fraxini rufidula Graewe [in Hellb.] (Bilimbia) = Biatora rufidula rufidula (Graewe) Stizenb. (Lecidea) = Biatora rufidula 161 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms rufidula (Graewe) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Biatora rufidula rufidulocinerea Hue (Acarospora) = Acarospora umbilicata rufoalutacea (Harm.) H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora fuscata ? rufofusca Anzi (Biatora) = Lecidea rufofusca rufofusca Opiz (Cladonia) = Cladonia cariosa rufofuscella Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. rufonigra (Tuck.) Gotth.Schneid. (Psora) = Psorula rufonigra rufonigra (Tuck.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Psorula rufonigra rufonigra Tuck. (Biatora) = Psorula rufonigra rufopallens (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (Endopyrenium) = Placidium rufescens rufopallens Nyl. (Endocarpon) = Placidium rufescens rufum (A.Massal.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Stigmatomma) = Staurothele rufa rufum sensu Anzi (Agyrium) = Xylographa vitiligo rufus Huds. (Lichen) = Baeomyces rufus rugifera Nyl. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria virginis rugifera Vain. (Lecidea) = Psorinia conglomerata ruginosum (Dufour) Nyl. (Leptogium) = Leptogium brebissonii ruginosus (Dufour) Hepp (Synechoblastus) = Leptogium brebissonii rugosa Ach. (Porina) = Pertusaria hymenea rugosa Anzi (Sagedia) = Thelopsis melathelia rugosa (Anzi) Jatta (Thelopsis) = Thelopsis melathelia rugosa de Lesd. (Acarospora chlorophana f.) = Pleopsidium flavum ? rugosa (Nyl.) Nyl. [non Ach.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora chlarotera rugosa Nyl. (Lecanora subfusca f.) = Lecanora chlarotera rugosa Taylor [non Fr.] (Parmelia) = Hypotrachyna taylorensis rugosella (Zahlbr.) Poelt (Lecanora chlarotera f.) = Lecanora chlarotera rugosella Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora chlarotera rugosoides (Gyeln.) Motyka (Thamnolia subvermicularis v.) = Thamnolia vermicularis v. subuliformis rugulosa A.Massal. (Polyblastia) = Staurothele rugulosa rugulosa Ach. (Lecidea parasema v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma rugulosa Bagl. & Carestia (Buellia triphragmia v.) = Diplotomma triphragmioides rugulosa [Borrer ex] Leight. [nom.illegit.] (Verrucaria) = Endococcus rugulosus Nyl./F rugulosa Körb. (Acarospora) = Acarospora peliscypha rugulosa (Kremp.) Almq. (Arthonia) = Arthonia apatetica rugulosa (Vain.) Keissl. (Usnea scabrata v.) = Usnea scabrata ? rugulosa Vain. (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? rugulosum (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon superficiale v.) = Rhizocarpon effiguratum ruinicola (Nyl.) Gyeln. (Peltula) = Peltula euploca ruinicola Nyl. (Heppia) = Peltula euploca ruinicola Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. ruissaloënsis (Vain.) Räsänen (Biatora efflorescens v.) = Biatora efflorescens ruissaloënsis Vain. (Lecidea efflorescens v.) = Biatora efflorescens runcinatus With. (Lichen) = Anaptychia runcinata rupestre (Bagl.) Zahlbr. (Collema nigrescens f.) = Collema ryssoleum rupestre Bagl. (Lethagrium nigrescens v.) = Collema ryssoleum rupestre Körb. (Coniangium) = Arthonia lapidicola rupestre (Scop.) Branth. & Rostr. (Placodium) = Protoblastenia rupestris rupestre (Sw.) A.Massal. (Lethagrium) = Collema flaccidum rupestre (Sw.) Rabenh. (Collema) = Collema flaccidum rupestrina Zahlbr. (Ginzbergerella) = Gyrocollema rupestrina rupestris Bagl. (Sagedia aggregata v.) = Enterographa crassa rupestris (DC.) Schaer. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria pertusa v. rupestris rupestris DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Pertusaria communis v.) = Pertusaria pertusa v. rupestris rupestris Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea flammea rupestris (Pers.) Donk (Rhacodiopsis) = Racodium rupestre rupestris (Pers.) Pers. (Baeomyces rufus f.) = Baeomyces rufus rupestris (Pers.) Rabenh. (Cystocoleus) = Racodium rupestre rupestris Pers. (Baeomyces) = Baeomyces rufus rupestris Schrad. [non (Scop.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria muralis rupestris (Scop.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Protoblastenia rupestris rupestris (Scop.) F.H.Wigg. [non Schrad.] (Verrucaria) = Protoblastenia rupestris rupestris (Scop.) Fr. (Biatora) = Protoblastenia rupestris rupestris (Scop.) Zahlbr. (Blastenia) = Protoblastenia rupestris rupestris Scop. (Lichen) = Protoblastenia rupestris rupestris (Sw.) Trevis. (Synechoblastus) = Collema flaccidum rupestris Sw. [nom.illegit.] (Lichen) = Collema flaccidum rupicola (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca aurea f.) = Fulgensia pruinosa rupicola Fr. (Pertusaria wulfenii v.) = Pertusaria rupicola rupicola L. (Lichen) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. rupicola v. rupicola rupicola (Nyl.) P.James (Lecania) = Lecania baeomma (Nyl.) P.James & J.R.Laundon [in D.Hawksw. & al.] rupicola Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecania baeomma (Nyl.) P.James & J.R.Laundon [in D.Hawksw. & al.] rupifraga A.Massal. (Polyblastia) = Staurothele rupifraga russula (Ach.) Räsänen (Protoblastenia) = Pyrrhospora russula (Ach.) Hafellner russula Ach. (Lecidea) = Pyrrhospora russula (Ach.) Hafellner rustica auct. (Omphalina) = Omphalina velutina rusticella (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Micarea bauschiana rusticella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea bauschiana rutilans Flot. (Zeora) = Harpidium rutilans ryssolea (Leight.) A.L.Sm. (Buellia) = Buellia subdisciformis ryssolea Leight. (Lecidea) = Buellia subdisciformis ryssoleum Tuck. (Collema nigrescens ssp.) = Collema ryssoleum rytidodes (A.Massal.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca cerina v.) = Caloplaca haematites rytidodes A.Massal. (Callopisma cerinum v.) = Caloplaca haematites sabuletorum (Fr.) A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Arthrorhaphis grisea sabuletorum (Fr.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidella carpathica sabuletorum (Fr.) Stein (Gongylia) = Arthrorhaphis grisea sabuletorum (Schreb.) Ach. [non Fr.] (Lecidea) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum sabuletorum (Schreb.) Arnold (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum sabuletorum (Schreb.) Hafellner (Mycobilimbia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum sabuletorum (Schreb.) Lettau (Bacidia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum sabulosa (A.Massal.) Lettau (Bacidia) = Myxobilimbia lobulata sabulosa (A.Massal.) Samp. (Toninia) = Myxobilimbia lobulata sabulosa A.Massal. (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia lobulata saccatus L. (Lichen) = Solorina saccata saepiculare Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca phaeocephala saepincola (Ach.) Arnold (Lecanora) = Lecanora aitema saepincola (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora symmicta v.) = Lecanora aitema salazinica D.Hawksw. (Ramalina subfarinacea v.) = Ramalina farinacea PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS salevense (Müll.Arg.) M.Choisy (Lethagrium) = Collema polycarpon ssp. corcyrense salevense (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (Collema) = Collema polycarpon ssp. corcyrense salevensis Gyeln. (Nylanderopsis) = Heppia adglutinata salevensis Müll.Arg. (Synechoblastus) = Collema polycarpon ssp. corcyrense salicicola Wheldon & Travis (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum salicina A.Massal. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha atra salicina (J.F.Gmel.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Caloplaca flavovirescens v.) = Caloplaca flavorubescens salicina (J.F.Gmel.) Szatala (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca flavorubescens salicinum (Pers.) Schaer. (Calicium hyperellum v.) = Calicium salicinum salicinum ([Schrad. ex] J.F.Gmel.) A.Massal. (Placodium aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca flavorubescens salicis (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Arthopyrenia salicis salicis (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Pyrenula) = Arthopyrenia salicis salicis A.Massal. (Sagedia) = Leptorhaphis atomaria ? saligna (Schrad.) M.Choisy (Lecanoropsis) = Lecanora saligna salignus Schrad. (Lichen) = Lecanora saligna salina Degel. (Rinodina) = Rinodina gennarii salina Erichsen (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca marina salinoides Erichsen (Caloplaca granulosa f.) = Caloplaca thallincola saltelii de Lesd. (Arthonia armoricana f.) = Arthonia punctiformis saltelii de Lesd. (Lecanactis) = Schismatomma dirinellum salweyi [Leight. ex] Nyl. (Verrucaria gemmata ssp.) = Acrocordia salweyi salweyi (Nyl.) Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Acrocordia salweyi salweyi (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Arthopyrenia) = Acrocordia salweyi samboana Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia delisei sambucina (Körb.) Arnold (Lecania cyrtella ssp.) = Lecania cyrtella ? sambucina (Körb.) Jatta (Lecaniella) = Lecania cyrtella ? sambucina (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Lecania) = Lecania cyrtella ? sambucina (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecania cyrtella ? sambucioides H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Lecanora sambuci sambuci Pers. (Lichen) = Lecanora sambuci samothrakiana Szatala (Rinodina) = Rinodina confragosa sampaiana (de Lesd.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt (Thelenella) = Thelenella inductula sampaiana de Lesd. (Microglaena) = Thelenella inductula sampaiana Tav. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria sampaiana sancti-stephani Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera scabrosa sanguinaria (Bagl.) Jatta (Bilimbia) = Toninia aromatica sanguinaria Bagl. (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica sanguinaria (L.) A.Massal. (Lecidea) = Mycoblastus sanguinarius sanguinaria (L.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Mycoblastus sanguinarius sanguinaria (L.) Körb. (Megalospora) = Mycoblastus sanguinarius sanguinarius (L.) Trevis. (Oedemocarpus) = Mycoblastus sanguinarius sanguinarius L. (Lichen) = Mycoblastus sanguinarius sanguinea (Anzi) Jatta (Psorotichia) = Pyrenopsis sanguinea sanguinea (Kremp.) Hafellner & Cl.Roux (Bellemerea) = Bellemerea diamarta sanguinea (Kremp.) Mig. (Lecanora) = Bellemerea diamarta sanguinea Kremp. (Aspicilia) = Bellemerea diamarta sanguineoatra auct. p.p. [non (Wulfen) Ach.] (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia sanguineoatra 162 sanguineoatra sensu Nyl. et auct. p.p. [non (Wulfen) Ach.] (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia hypnorum sanguinolentum (Kremp.) Stizenb. (Collema) = Heppia lutosa santessonii Erichsen (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria ditmarsica Erichsen sapinea (Fr.) Zahlbr. [non sensu Vain.] (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis flexuosa saprophila (Ach.) Anzi (Buellia punctata v.) = Buellia chloroleuca saprophila (Ach.) Körb. (Buellia parasema v.) = Buellia chloroleuca saprophilum (A.Massal.) Servít (Thelidium) = Verrucaria saprophila saprophilum A.Massal. (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria saprophila sarcogynella Nádv. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia hypocrita sarcogyniza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea diducens sarcogynoides [A.Massal. ex] Arnold (Tromera) = Sarea difformis sarcogynoides (Arnold) Anzi (Tromera myriospora f.) = Sarea difformis sarcogynoides (Vain.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora cervina f.) = Acarospora cervina sarcopidoides (A.Massal.) Hedl. (Lecanora piniperda ssp.) = Lecanora sarcopidoides sarcopidoides auct. [non (Körb.) Zahlbr.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca obscurella sarcopis (Ach.) Hillmann (Lecanora saligna v.) = Lecanora sarcopis sarcopis (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora effusa v.) = Lecanora sarcopis sarcopis Ach. (Parmelia varia v.) = Lecanora sarcopis sarcopisioides A.Massal. (Biatora) = Lecanora sarcopidoides sarcopisoides (A.Massal.) Ohlert (Lecidea) = Lecanora sarcopidoides sarcosagium Anzi (Biatorella) = Sarcosagium campestre sardoa (Bagl.) H.Olivier (Arthonia) = Arthonia beccariana sardoa Bagl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora praepostera ? sardoa Bagl. [in Arnold] (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuscoatra sardoa Colosi (Ramalina capitata v.) = Ramalina capitata v. digitellata sardoa (Körb.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Toninia aromatica sardoa Körb. (Bilimbia) = Toninia aromatica sardonia Nimis & Poelt (Caloplaca granulosa v.) = Caloplaca granulosa ? sardoum Bagl. (Arthothelium) = Arthonia beccariana sardoum De Not. (Cyphelium) = Cyphelium notarisii sareptana (Tomin) H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Phaeorrhiza sareptana (Tom.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt sarmentosus Ach. (Lichen) = Alectoria sarmentosa sarniense Mudd (Chiodecton myrticola v.) = Syncesia myrticola sarothamni Vain. (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum sarothamni saturnina (Dicks.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Leptogium saturninum saturninum (Dicks.) A.Massal. (Mallotium) = Leptogium saturninum saturninum (Dicks.) DC. (Collema) = Leptogium saturninum saturninus Dicks. (Lichen) = Leptogium saturninum saubinetii (Mont.) Nyl. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria saubinetii saubinetii (Mont.) Trevis. (Trachyderma) = Fuscopannaria saubinetii saubinetii (Mont.) Zahlbr. (Parmeliella) = Fuscopannaria saubinetii saubinetii Mont. (Parmelia) = Fuscopannaria saubinetii sauteri (Müll.Arg.) Arnold [nomen sed non planta] (Collema) = Collema multipartitum sauteri Müll.Arg. (Synechoblastus) = Collema multipartitum 163 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms sauvagei Werner (Rinodina) = Dimelaena radiata (Tuck.) Hale & W.L.Culb. saviczii Tomin (Lecidea) = Psora saviczii savonensis de Lesd. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca arenaria savonensis de Lesd. (Lecanora) = Lecanora paepalea savonensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. savonicum Servít (Involucrocarpon) = Verrucaria sp. saxatilis DC. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rupestris saxatilis (L.) Körb. (Imbricaria) = Parmelia saxatilis saxatilis L. (Lichen) = Parmelia saxatilis saxatilis Sambo (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia albinea saxatilis (Schaer.) Fink (Buelliella) = = Dactylospora saxatilis (Schaer.) Hafellner/F saxatilis (Schaer.) Körb. (Buellia) = Dactylospora saxatilis (Schaer.) Hafellner/F saxatilis (Schaer.) Rehm (Karschia) = Dactylospora saxatilis (Schaer.) Hafellner/F saxicola (A.Massal.) Anzi (Hagenia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis saxicola (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Blastenia festiva v.) = Caloplaca crenularia saxicola (A.Massal.) H.Riedl (Leiophloea) = Naetrocymbe saxicola saxicola (A.Massal.) Stein (Physcia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis saxicola A.Massal. (Anaptychia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis saxicola A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe saxicola saxicola A.Massal. (Blastenia ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca crenularia saxicola Ach. [non auct.] (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rupestris saxicola Anders (Usnea barbata v.) = Usnea diplotypus saxicola (Anders) Anders (Usnea) = Usnea diplotypus saxicola Anzi (Rinodina exigua v.) = Rinodina venostana saxicola Anzi (Rinodina metabolica v.) = Rinodina confragosa saxicola auct. [non Ach.] (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha dolomitica saxicola auct.ital. (Parmelia olivacea v.) = Neofuscelia pulla saxicola Bagl. & Carestia (Sphinctrina tubiformis v.) = ? saxicola Beltr. (Squamaria elaeina v.) = Caloplaca demissa saxicola de Lesd. (Rinodina colobina f.) = Rinodina pityrea saxicola de Lesd. (Rinodina) = Buellia sp. saxicola Erichsen (Pertusaria henricii f.) = Pertusaria albescens saxicola Fr. (Lecidea alboatra v.) = Diplotomma epipolium saxicola Garov. (Sagedia thuretii v.) = Porina guentheri saxicola H.Olivier (Buellia disciformis v.) = Buellia leptoclinoides saxicola Hoffm. (Psora) = Caloplaca saxicola saxicola Jatta (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina subfarinacea saxicola Kernst. (Rinodina sophodes f.) = Rinodina milvina saxicola Körb. (Imbricaria diffusa v.) = Xanthoparmelia mougeotii saxicola (Leight.) Egea & Torrente (Cresponea premnea v.) = Cresponea premnea saxicola (Leight.) H.Olivier (Lecanactis premnea v.) = Cresponea premnea saxicola Nyl. (Lecanora sarcopis f.) = Lecanora chlorophaeodes Nyl. saxicola Poelt (Thelopsis isiaca f.) = Thelopsis isiaca saxicola (Pollich) Ach. (Lecanora) = Lecanora muralis saxicolum (A.Massal.) Coppins (Pyrenocollema) = Naetrocymbe saxicola saxicolum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Naetrocymbe saxicola saxicolum Körb. (Scoliciosporum compactum v.) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum saxicolum (Lahm) Zahlbr. (Schismatomma abietinum f.) = Lecanactis abietina saxicolum Lojka (Callopisma haematites v.) = Caloplaca chlorina saxicolum (Pollich) Körb. (Placodium) = Lecanora muralis saxifragae Anzi (Lecanora hagenii f.) = Lecanora hageni f. fallax saxigena Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea peliocarpa saxigena Taylor (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rupestris saximontana R.A.Anderson & W.A.Weber (Parmelia) = Melanelia tominii saxivora Servít (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa parmigera saxivorum (Servít) Grummann (Amphoridium) = Bagliettoa parmigera saxonicum Bachm. (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon pileatum saxorum auct. [non (Oeder) Verseghy] (Ochrolechia androgyna v.) = Ochrolechia androgyna saxorum (Oeder) Verseghy [non auct.] (Ochrolechia androgyna v.) = Ochrolechia tartarea saxorum Trevis. (Dermatocarpon) = Placocarpus schaereri saxorum Werner (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca inconnexa ? sbarbaroana (Klem.) [H.Magn. ex] Sbarbaro (Lecanora) = Lecanora lecideoides sbarbaronis (de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pseudistera sbarbaronis de Lesd. (Bacidia) = Bacidina egenula sbarbaronis de Lesd. (Caloplaca) = Lecania sp. ? sbarbaronis de Lesd. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes actinostomus sbarbaronis de Lesd. (Lecania) = Lecania inundata sbarbaronis de Lesd. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rupestris sbarbaronis de Lesd. (Parmelia) = Canoparmelia crozalsiana sbarbaronis de Lesd. (Parmularia) = Lecanora pseudistera sbarbaronis de Lesd. (Toninia) = Toninia cinereovirens sbarbaronis de Lesd. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. sbarbaronis Servít (Dermatocarpon) = Involucropyrenium sbarbaronis sbarbaronis (Servít) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Involucropyrenium sbarbaronis scaber Scop. (Lichen) = Pertusaria albescens scabra (Pers.) Müll.Arg. (Glypholecia) = Acarospora scabra scabra Pers. (Urceolaria) = Acarospora scabra scabra Taylor [in J.Mackay] (Lecidea) = Lecidella scabra scabrida (Anzi) Jatta (Polyblastia) = Staurothele rufa ? scabrida Degel. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia scabrida (Degel.) R.Sant. scabrida Oksner (Peltigera horizontalis f.) = Peltigera horizontalis scabridifera Gyeln. (Peltigera malacea f.) = Peltigera malacea scabridum Anzi (Thelotrema) = Staurothele rufa ? scabridum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon superficiale scabriosoides Trass (Peltigera malacea v.) = Peltigera malacea scabriuscula Delise [in Duby] (Cenomyce) = Cladonia scabriuscula scabriuscula (Delise) Coem. (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia scabriuscula scabriuscula Motyka (Usnea comosa v.) = Usnea subfloridana scabrosa (Ach.) A.Massal. (Buellia) = Epilichen scabrosus scabrosa (Ach.) Rehm (Karschia) = Epilichen scabrosus scabrosa Ach. (Lecidea) = Epilichen scabrosus scalaris (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Hypocenomyce scalaris scalaris (Ach.) Hook. (Psora) = Hypocenomyce scalaris scalaris [Lilj. ex] Ach. (Lichen) = Hypocenomyce scalaris scandinavica de Lesd. (Xanthoria) = Xanthoria sorediata schadeana Erichsen (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum schadeanum (Erichsen) Vĕzda PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS schaereri (A.Massal.) Cromb. (Collemopsis) = Psorotichia schaereri schaereri (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Pyrenopsis) = Psorotichia schaereri schaereri A.Massal. (Arthonia) = Arthonia leucopellaea schaereri A.Massal. (Pannaria) = Psorotichia schaereri schaereri A.Massal. (Pyrenula) = Eopyrenula leucoplaca schaereriana (A.Massal.) Müll.Arg. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia theleodes schaererianum A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca velana s.lat. ? schaererianum A.Massal. (Sporodictyon) = Polyblastia theleodes schaereri (Arnold) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca velana v.) = Caloplaca velana v. schaereri schaereri (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca velana v. schaereri schaereri (De Not.) Zahlbr. (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca cinerea schaereri De Not. [non auct. p.p.] (Calicium) = Chaenotheca cinerea schaereri [Flörke ex] Arnold (Lecidea) = Caloplaca velana v. schaereri schaereri (Fr.) Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Placocarpus schaereri schaereri (Fr.) R.Sant. (Catapyrenium) = Placocarpus schaereri schaereri Fr. (Parmelia) = Placocarpus schaereri schaereri Körb. (Endocarpon) = Endocarpon pusillum schaereri sensu Nádv. [non De Not.] (Calicium) = Calicium lenticulare schafeevii Tomin (Toninia) = Toninia taurica scheideggeriana Bricaud & Cl.Roux (Buellia) = Diplotomma scheideggerianum schismatopsis (Nyl.) Hue (Ionaspis) = Hymenelia heteromorpha schisticola Eitner (Opegrapha rupestris v.) = Opegrapha gyrocarpa schisticola (Eitner) Zahlbr. (Opegrapha saxicola v.) = Opegrapha gyrocarpa schisticola H.Magn. (Buellia) = Buellia badia schisticola Werner (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta jenensis ? schistidii Anzi (Gyalolechia) = Fulgensia schistidii schistidii (Anzi) Flagey (Biatorina) = Fulgensia schistidii schistidii (Anzi) Lettau (Candelariella) = Fulgensia schistidii schistidii (Anzi) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Fulgensia schistidii schistina (Nyl.) Arnold (Lecanora) = Lecanora praepostera schistina Nyl. (Lecanora gangaleoides f.) = Lecanora praepostera schistosa (Bagl.) Nyl. (Dirina) = Dirina massiliensis schistosa Bagl. (Dirina repanda v.) = Dirina massiliensis schistosa Erichsen (Pertusaria flavicans v.) = Pertusaria flavicans ? schizospora Vain. (Porina) = Strigula mediterranea schleicheri Ach. (Urceolaria) = Acarospora schleicheri schleicheri auct. (Parmelia) = Acarospora schleicheri schleicheri auct. (Placodium) = Acarospora schleicheri schmidtii Frey (Umbilicaria subglabra v.) = Umbilicaria subglabra ? schoenauii Servít (Catillaria) = Catillaria anisospora (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. schraderi Bernh. (Lichen) = Leptogium schraderi schraderi (Gray) A.L.Sm. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia dermatodes schraderi Schaer. (Lecidea microphylla v.) = Parmeliella triptophylla schultzkorthii Szatala (Anaptychia ciliaris v.) = Anaptychia ciliaris schumannii [Körb. ex] Stein (Catillaria) = Micarea melaenida 164 sciastra (Ach.) Bagl. & Carestia (Hagenia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia sciastra sciastra (Ach.) Du Rietz (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia sciastra sciastra (Ach.) Trevis. (Dimelaena obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia sciastra sciastra Ach. (Parmelia) = Phaeophyscia sciastra sciastrella (Nyl.) Harm. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia nigricans sciastrella (Nyl.) Lynge (Physcia nigricans v.) = Phaeophyscia nigricans sciatropha Hue (Crocynia) = Lepraria lobificans sciodes (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Rinodina) = Rinodina luridescens sciodes Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina luridescens scoliciosporoides (Bagl.) Bagl. & Carestia (Bilimbia syncomista v.) = ? scoliciosporoides (Bagl.) Lettau (Bacidia) = ? scopulare (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Placodium) = Caloplaca scopularis (Nyl.) Lettau scopularia (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (Microthelia) = Lichenothelia scopularia scopularia Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Lichenothelia scopularia scopularis Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca scopularis (Nyl.) Lettau scopulina Nyl. (Lecanora sophodes v.) = Rinodina milvina scopulorum Lambinon & Vĕzda [in Vĕzda] (Physcia aipolia ssp.) = Physcia scopulorum scopulorum (Retz.) Ach. (Ramalina) = Ramalina siliquosa scopulorum Retz. (Lichen) = Ramalina siliquosa scoriophila (A.Massal.) J.Steiner (Caloplaca carphinea v.) = Caloplaca scoriophila (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. scoriophilum A.Massal. (Placodium) = Caloplaca scoriophila (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. scortea (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Parmelina tiliacea scortea (Ach.) Duby (Parmelia tiliacea v.) = Parmelina tiliacea scortella Nyl. (Parmelia) = Parmelinopsis horrescens scotina (Körb.) Arnold (Lecidea) = Toninia pennina scotina (Körb.) Hertel & H.Kilias (Catillaria) = Toninia pennina scotina Körb. (Lecidella) = Toninia pennina scotina sensu Samp. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura scotinoides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria scotinoides scotinoides Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria rheitrophila ? scotinospora (Nyl.) Hellb. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia melaspora scotinum (Ach.) Ach. (Collema) = Leptogium gelatinosum scotinum (Ach.) Fr. (Leptogium) = Leptogium gelatinosum scotochroa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia tirolensis scotophora A.Massal. (Acrocordia) = Acrocordia gemmata ? scotoplaca H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida scotoplaca Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca scotoplaca scriptus L. (Lichen) = Graphis scripta scrobicularis Garov. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium decipiens scrobiculata Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? scrobiculata (Scop.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Lobarina scrobiculata scrobiculata (Scop.) Ach. (Sticta) = Lobarina scrobiculata scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. (Lobaria) = Lobarina scrobiculata scrobiculatus Scop. (Lichen) = Lobarina scrobiculata scruposulus (Nyl.) J.Steiner (Diploschistes) = Ingvariella bispora scruposus Schreb. (Lichen) = Diploschistes scruposus scrupulosa auct. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albella scutata Ach. (Peltidea) = Peltigera collina scutata auct. p.p. [non (Wulfen in Jacq.]) Poetsch (Cetraria) = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla scutata (Dicks.) Duby (Peltigera) = Peltigera collina scutata (Wulfen) Poetsch [non auct.] (Cetraria) = Cetraria sepincola 165 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms scutellaris Bagl. & Carestia (Gyalecta) = Gyalidea scutellaris scutellata Hue (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria albescens scutellata Walt.Watson (Lecidea) = Porpidia crustulata scutelliferus With. (Lichen) = Tornabea scutellifera scutelliforme Ach. (Thelotrema lepadinum v.) = Thelotrema lepadinum scutulata Stirt. (Lecidea) = Amygdalaria consentiens (Nyl.) Hertel, Brodo & May.Inoue scyphifera (Delise) Clauzade & Cl.Roux [comb.inval.] (Cladonia anomaea v.) = Cladonia ramulosa scyphulifera (Vain.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora smaragdula spp. smaragdula v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula scyphulifera Vain. (Acarospora) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula secernens H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica deusta sedifolius Scop. (Lichen) = Toninia sedifolia seductus (Nyl.) Eitner (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon cinereovirens (Müll.Arg.) Vain. segestria Flörke (Urceolaria) = Tephromela grumosa segregans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea pycnocarpa sejuncta J.Steiner (Buellia) = Buellia subdisciformis semaforonense Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium semaforonense semicincta Zahlbr. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rupestris semifarrea (Vain.) Lynge (Physcia grisea v.) = Physconia perisidiosa semilecanorinum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geographicum seminuda Pers.: Fr. (Sphaeria) = Requienella seminuda semipallens (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Micarea bauschiana semipallens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea bauschiana semipinnata (J.F.Gmel.) Moberg (Physcia) = Physcia leptalea semipinnatus J.F.Gmel. (Lichen) = Physcia leptalea sendtneri (Kremp.) Anzi (Thelotrema) = Polyblastia sendtneri sendtneri Müll.Arg. (Leptogium lacerum v.) = Leptogium lichenoides sensitiva H.Magn. (Acarospora scyphulifera v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula separabilis (Nyl.) Arnold (Bacidia) = Bacidia subincompta separabilis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidia subincompta sepincola (Ehrh.) Hale (Tuckermannopsis) = Cetraria sepincola sepincola Ehrh. (Lichen) = Cetraria sepincola sepincolum (Ehrh.) Hoffm. (Platysma) = Cetraria sepincola seposita Th.Fr. (Biatorina) = Bacidia trachona septata Arnold (Lecanora castanea v.) = Bryonora castanea septata Leight. (Sphinctrina) = Stenocybe septata/F septatum (Leight.) Leight. (Calicium) = Stenocybe septata/F septemseptata ([Hepp ex] Zwackh) Swinscow (Porina) = Porina ahlesiana septenaria (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia sabuletorum v.) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum septentrionalis Corner (Clavulinopsis) = Multiclavula corynoides (Peck.) R.H.Peters septentrionalis Lynge (Parmelia olivacea v.) = Melanelia septentrionalis (Lynge) Essl. septentrionalis Lynge (Staurothele) = Staurothele fuscocuprea septentrionalis (Lynge) Ahti (Parmelia) = Melanelia septentrionalis (Lynge) Essl. septentrionalis Th.Fr. (Microglaena wallrothiana v.) = Thelenella modesta sepulta (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Polyblastia sepulta sepulta (A.Massal.) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia sepulta sequax Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia sequax serbica Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia protomatrae seriata (Th.Fr.) Bagl. & Carestia (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida ? sericea (A.Massal.) Garov. (Verrucaria) = Julella sericea sericea (A.Massal.) Lönnr. (Microglaena) = Julella sericea sericea (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Polyblastiopsis) = Julella sericea sericea A.Massal. (Polyblastia) = Julella sericea sericeum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Sporodyction) = Julella sericea sernanderi H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Polysporina lapponica serpentina (Ach.) Ach. (Graphis) = Graphis scripta serpentina (Ach.) G.Mey. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta serpentini H.Mayrhofer & Poelt (Rinodina) = Rinodina rinodinoides servitiana Gyeln. (Pannaria) = Fuscopannaria ignobilis servitiana Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia verrucigera servitii Cernoh. (Toninia tabacina v.) = Toninia tristis s.lat. servitii Nádv. (Physcia) = Physconia servitii sessile (Pers.) Arnold (Acolium) = Cyphelium sessile sessile Pers. (Calicium) = Cyphelium sessile sessitana (Bagl. & Carestia) Bagl. & Carestia (Psora) = ? sessitana (Bagl. & Carestia) Jatta (Biatora) = ? sessitana [Bagl. ex] Arnold (Xylographa parallela v.) = Xylographa parallela setacea (Ach.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (Bryoria) = Bryoria capillaris setacea (Ach.) Motyka (Alectoria) = Bryoria capillaris setosa (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia hispidula shlidenii Räsänen (Lecidea) = Lecanora marginata siberiensis Willey (Biatora) = Lecania subfuscula sibirica Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera collina sibirica Zahlbr. (Parmelia) = Allantoparmelia sibirica (Zahlbr.) Essl. sicula Jatta (Urceolaria) = Diploschistes diacapsis ? siculus Borzì (Synechoblastus) = Collema sp. sideralis Ach. (Parmelia) = Physcia clementei sideralis (Ach.) Colmeiro (Physcia astroidea v.) = Physcia clementei siderella (Ach.) Ach. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rufescens siderella auct. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha rufescens siebenhaariana (Körb.) A.L.Sm. (Protoblastenia rupestris ssp.) = Protoblastenia siebenhaariana siebenhaariana (Körb.) Lettau (Blastenia) = Protoblastenia siebenhaariana siebenhaariana Körb. (Biatora) = Protoblastenia siebenhaariana sienae de Lesd. (Lecanora) = Lecanora horiza silacea (Ach.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidea silacea silacea (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecidea lapicida f.) = Lecidea silacea silenii Vain. (Lecidea) = Psorinia conglomerata silesiaca (A.Massal.) Zschacke (Staurothele) = Staurothele fissa silesiaca A.Massal. (Sphaeromphale) = Staurothele fissa silesiaca H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Polysporina lapponica silesiacum Stein (Phylliscum) = Phylliscum demangeonii silicea Fée [in Mérat] (Gassicurtia) = Thelomma siliceum silicea Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria funckii siliceum Gyeln. (Placynthium) = Placynthium nigrum siliciaca (H.Magn.) H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Polysporina lapponica siliciaca H.Magn. (Acarospora lapponica v.) = Polysporina lapponica silicicola Hladun (Dirina stenhammarii f.) = Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata silicicola (Zschacke) Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria funckii siliquosus Huds. (Lichen) = Ramalina siliquosa PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS silvatica H.Magn. (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia microstictoides similigena (Nyl.) Hertel (Melanolecia) = Farnoldia similigena similigena (Nyl.) Hertel (Tremolecia) = Farnoldia similigena similigena Nyl. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia similigena similis (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Hymenelia similis similis A.Massal. (Biatora) = Protoblastenia rupestris ? similis A.Massal. (Pinacisca) = Hymenelia similis similis Kalb (Tapellaria) = Byssoloma marginatum similis Motyka (Usnea comosa ssp.) = Usnea subfloridana similis (Motyka) Räsänen (Usnea) = Usnea subfloridana simillima Anzi (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon simillimum simillimus (Anzi) Arnold (Catocarpus) = Rhizocarpon simillimum simmonsii Krog (Cetraria) = Arctocetraria andrejevii (Oksner) Kärnefelt & Thell simoënsis (Räsänen) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia simoënsis simplex Davies (Lichen) = Polysporina simplex simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostr. (Biatorella) = Polysporina simplex simplex (Davies) Nyl. (Acarospora) = Polysporina simplex simplex (Davies) Nyl. (Sarcogyne) = Polysporina simplex simplex (Weiss) Schrad. (Cladonia) = Cladonia fimbriata simplicior Nyl. (Lecidea sabuletorum f.) = Catillaria contristans simplicior (Vain.) Lynge (Alectoria) = Bryoria simplicior simplicior Vain. (Alectoria nidulifera f.) = Bryoria simplicior sinaica Galun & Marton (Gonohymenia) = Lichinella sinaica (Galun & Marton) Moreno & Egea sinapisperma (Lam. & DC.) A.Massal. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca sinapisperma sinapisperma (Lam. & DC.) Schaer. (Lecidea ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca sinapisperma sinapispermum (Lam. & DC.) Hepp (Placodium) = Caloplaca sinapisperma sinapispermum (Lam. & DC.) Trevis. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca sinapisperma sinapispermus Lam. & DC. (Lichen) = Caloplaca sinapisperma sincerula [Nyl. ex] Cromb. (Lecidea) = Tremolecia atrata sinensis Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica singularis (Kremp.) Arnold (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia plicata ? sinopica (Wahlenb.) A.Massal. (Acarospora smaragdula v.) = Acarospora sinopica sinopica (Wahlenb.) Flot. (Zeora) = Acarospora sinopica sinopicum Wahlenb. [in Ach.] (Endocarpon) = Acarospora sinopica sinothea auct. (Biatorina) = Micarea denigrata sinuatum (Huds.) A.Massal. (Leptogium) = Leptogium gelatinosum sinuatum (Huds.) Torss. (Leptogium scotinum v.) = Leptogium gelatinosum sinuatus Huds. (Lichen) = Leptogium gelatinosum sinuosa (Sm.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Hypotrachyna sinuosa sinuosa (Sm.) Körb. (Imbricaria) = Hypotrachyna sinuosa sinuosus Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Lichen) = Hypotrachyna sinuosa sipmanii Aptroot (Rinodina) = Rinodina colobinoides skutariensis J.Steiner (Buellia subdisciformis v.) = Buellia subdisciformis ? slavonica Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. smaragdina Arnold (Biatora) = Micarea sylvicola smaragdina Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea rigida smaragdula [Knowles ex] A.L.Sm. (Lecidea albocaerulescens v.) = Porpidia hydrophila smaragdula sensu A.Massal. et auct.ital. p.p. (Acarospora) = Acarospora fuscata smaragdula Szatala (Candelariella aurella f.) = Candelariella aurella 166 smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Arnold (Acarospora fuscata v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Schaer. (Lecanora cervina v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula smaragdulum Körb. (Leptogium sinuatum v.) = Leptogium gelatinosum smaragdulum Wahlenb. [in Ach.] (Endocarpon) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula smithii Ach. (Lecanora) = Squamarina gypsacea smithii Du Rietz (Alectoria) = Bryoria smithii smithii Leight. (Graphis) = Phaeographis smithii sociale (Hepp) Jatta (Diplotomma) = Schadonia fecunda sociale (Hepp) Körb. (Lopadium) = Schadonia fecunda socialis Hepp (Biatora) = Schadonia fecunda soleirolii (Schaer.) Hue (Letharia) = Lethariella intricata soleirolii (Schaer.) Jatta (Neuropogon) = Lethariella intricata soleirolii (Schaer.) Jatta (Usnea) = Lethariella intricata solenaria Duby (Borrera) = Anaptychia ciliaris solenaria (Duby) Anzi (Parmelia ciliaris v.) = Anaptychia ciliaris solorinoides Nyl. (Lecanora) = Heppia solorinoides soluta Bagl. & Carestia (Buellia alpicola v.) = Rhizocarpon alpicola solutum (Bagl. & Carestia) Räsänen (Rhizocarpon oreites v.) = Rhizocarpon alpicola solvens Anzi (Polyblastia) = Staurothele solvens somloënsis Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis sommerfeltiana [Flörke ex] Sommerf. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albescens sommerfeltii [Flörke ex] Sommerf. (Endocarpon) = Pertusaria sommerfeltii sommerfeltii Lynge (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia terrestris sonomensis Tuck. (Pannaria) = Koerberia sonomensis sophistica Nyl. (Graphis) = Graphina anguina (Mont.) Müll.Arg. sophodes (Ach.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Rinodina sophodes sophodes (Ach.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Rinodina sophodes sophodes (Ach.) Norman (Dimelaena) = Rinodina sophodes sophodes (Ach.) Tornab. (Gasparrinia) = Rinodina sophodes sophodes (Ach.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Rinodina sophodes sophodes Ach. (Lichen) = Rinodina sophodes sophodes sensu A.Massal. [non (Ach.) Ach.] (Lecanora) = Rinodina polyspora soraliata Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecanora expallens soralifera (Bitter) Lynge (Parmelia) = Pseudevernia furfuracea soralifera (Bitter) Zopf (Pseudevernia) = Pseudevernia furfuracea soralifera Erichsen (Lecidea elaeochroma v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma f. soralifera soralifera Erichsen (Pertusaria coronata v.) = Pertusaria coronata soralifera (Erichsen) Erichsen (Lecidea olivacea v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma f. soralifera soralifera (Erichsen) Hertel (Lecidella elaeochroma v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma f. soralifera soralifera (Erichsen) J.R.Laundon (Lecidea limitata v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma f. soralifera soralifera H.Magn. [non (Suza) Räsänen] (Lecanora) = Lecanora caesiosora soralifera Suza (Lecanora intricata v.) = Lecanora soralifera soraliifera Vain. [in Hav.] (Lecidea albocoerulescens v.) = Porpidia glaucophaea sorbina Körb. (Arthonia) = Arthonia radiata sordaria Körb. (Arthonia) = Arthonia mediella sordida (A.Massal.) Jatta (Buellia) = Lecidella patavina sordida A.Massal. (Catillaria) = Lecidella patavina 167 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms sordida (Pers.) Fr. (Parmelia) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. rupicola v. rupicola sordida (Pers.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. rupicola v. rupicola sordida (Wedd.) H.Magn. (Acarospora subfuscescens v.) = Polysporina lapponica sordida Wedd. (Acarospora) = Polysporina lapponica sordidescens (Ach.) Stein (Lecanora pallida v.) = Lecanora albella sordidescens (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora albella v.) = Lecanora albella sordidescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Micarea prasina sordidescens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea prasina sordidoflava Jatta (Lecanora) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. sulphurata sordidogrisea Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia sordidogrisea (Erichsen) E.Schreiner & Hafellner sordidula (Motyka) H.Magn. (Usnea comosa ssp.) = Usnea subfloridana sordidum Anzi (Celidium) = Arthonia glaucomaria sorediana Nyl. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria flavida soredians (Nyl.) Hale (Pseudoparmelia) = Flavoparmelia soredians soredians Nyl. (Parmelia) = Flavoparmelia soredians soredians Suza (Lecanora cenisia v.) = Lecanora caesiosora sorediata (Ach.) Arnold (Imbricaria) = Melanelia sorediata sorediata (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Parmelia) = Melanelia sorediata sorediata Ach. (Lecidea) = Pyxine sorediata sorediata auct.ital. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria albescens sorediata Du Rietz (Cetraria aculeata v.) = Cetraria aculeata sorediata Fink (Peltigera) = Peltigera didactyla sorediata Flot. (Zeora glaucoma v.) = Lecanora bicincta v. sorediata sorediata (Fr.) Fr. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria multipuncta sorediata H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina colobinoides sorediata Harm. (Alectoria jubata f.) = Bryoria fuscescens sorediata Harm. (Lobaria pulmonacea f.) = Lobaria pulmonaria sorediata J.R.Laundon (Lecania erysibe f.) = Lecania erysibe sorediata Lynge [non Ach.] (Lecidea) = Lecanora orae-frigidae R.Sant. sorediata (Müll.Arg.) Llimona & Cl.Roux (Dirina repanda v.) = Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata sorediata (Müll.Arg.) Werner (Dirina repanda f.) = Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata sorediata Müll.Arg. (Dirina immersa f.) = Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata sorediata Räsänen (Lecanora coilocarpa v.) = Lecanora raesaenenii Gyeln. sorediata Schaer. (Peltigera canina v. ulorrhiza f.) = Peltigera praetextata sorediata (Vain.) Du Rietz (Caloplaca) = Xanthoria sorediata sorediata Vain. (Lecanora elegans v.) = Xanthoria sorediata sorediatum (Borrer) Arnold (Dermatocarpon) = Endocarpon pusillum sorediatum (Borrer) Hook. (Endocarpon) = Endocarpon pallidum sorediatum Schaer. (Nephroma laevigatum f.) = Nephroma parile soredica (Nyl.) Krog (Punctelia) = Flavopunctelia soredica soredica Nyl. (Parmelia) = Flavopunctelia soredica soredicola Degel. (Rinodina) = Rinodina olivaceobrunnea sorediella Lettau (Cetraria commixta f.) = Melanelia commixta v. sorediella (Lettau) Hafellner & Türk soredifera Zahlbr. (Catillaria olivacea v.) = Solenopsora olivacea ssp. olbiensis sorediifera Anders (Alectoria jubata f.) = Bryoria fuscescens sorediifera Arnold (Usnea barbata v.) = Usnea glabrata sorediifera (Arnold) Lynge [non sensu Motyka nec auct.] (Usnea) = Usnea glabrata sorediifera (Müll.Arg.) Du Rietz & Lynge (Anaptychia) = Heterodermia obscurata sorediifera Nyl. (Solorina) = Peltigera didactyla sorediifera R.Sant. (Parmelia) = Melanelia sorediata sorediifera (Schaer.) Rabenh. (Lecanora rimosa v.) = Pertusaria lactea sorediifera sensu Motyka [non (Arnold) Lynge] (Usnea) = Usnea substerilis sorediifera (Th.Fr.) Räsänen [non Fée] (Lecanora) = Lecanora umbrosa sorediifera Th.Fr. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora umbrosa sorediomanes (Nyl.) Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Melanelia subargentifera sorediophora (Nyl.) Vain. (Cladonia rangiformis v.) = Cladonia rangiformis sorediosa (Almb.) Essl. (Melanelia) = Melanelia sorediata sorediosa Almb. (Parmelia) = Melanelia sorediata sorediosa (K.G.W.Lång) Du Rietz (Alectoria sarmentosa v.) = Alectoria sarmentosa sorediosa L.Westman (Lecanora symmicta v.) = Lecanora oraefrigidae R.Sant. sorediosa Sambo (Parmelia prolixa v.) = Neofuscelia verruculifera sorediosa Sambo (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina farinacea sorediosa Vain. (Pannaria lepidiota f.) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa sorediosula (Gyeln.) Gyeln. (Alectoria cana f.) = Bryoria capillaris sorediza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia tuberculosa soredizodes (Nyl.) V.Wirth (Haplocarpon) = Porpidia soredizoides soredizoides [Lamy ex] Nyl. (Lecidea macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia soredizoides soredizoides (Nyl.) Hertel (Huilia) = Porpidia soredizoides soredizoides (Nyl.) Sandst. [non (Nyl.) Vain.] (Lecidea) = Porpidia soredizoides soredizoides (Nyl.) Vain. [non (Lamy ex Nyl.) Sandst.] (Lecidea) = Porpidia glaucophaea soredizum (Nyl.) M.Choisy (Haplocarpon) = Lecidea tumida soreumidium (Stirt.) A.L.Sm. (Rhizocarpon) = Diplotomma alboatrum sorocarpum Vain. (Placodium) = Caloplaca sorocarpa sorophora (Vain.) P.James & Poelt (Hypocenomyce) = Pycnora sorophora sorophora Vain. (Lecidea xanthococca ssp.) = Pycnora sorophora sororians (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Bacidia) = Micarea elachista sororians Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea elachista sororia Th.Fr. (Buellia) = Buellia aethalea sororioides Erichsen (Buellia) = Buellia aethalea spadicea (Flot.) Trevis. (Bayrhofferia) = Lecania spadicea spadicea Flot. (Lecanora) = Lecania spadicea spadicea (Leight.) Nyl. (Arthonia lurida v.) = Arthonia spadicea spadicea (Roth.) Ach. (Cornicularia) = Cetraria aculeata spadicea (Roth.) Wallr. (Parmelia) = Cetraria aculeata spadiceum (Leight.) Arnold (Coniangium) = Arthonia spadicea sparassa (Ach.) Ach. (Cenomyce allotropa v.) = Cladonia squamosa sparsulum (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Thelidium) = Thelidium zwackhii spathaea (Ach.) Mudd (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta spathea Ach. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta speciosa Høeg (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria hemisphaerica PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS speciosa Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Lecidea promiscua ? speciosa (Wulfen) A.Massal. (Anaptychia) = Heterodermia speciosa speciosa (Wulfen) Ach. (Parmelia) = Heterodermia speciosa speciosa (Wulfen) Nyl. (Physcia) = Heterodermia speciosa speciosus Wulfen [in Jacq.] (Lichen) = Heterodermia speciosa spectabilis Flörke (Lecidea) = Calvitimela armeniaca spectabilis (Flörke) Anzi (Psora) = Calvitimela armeniaca spectabilis (Flörke) Körb. (Lecidella) = Calvitimela armeniaca spectabilis Garov. (Verrucaria epidermidis v.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis speirea (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Porpidia speirea speirea (Ach.) Kremp. (Huilia) = Porpidia speirea speireus Ach. (Lichen) = Porpidia speirea sphaeralis Anzi (Biatorina) = Catillaria contristans sphaeralis (Anzi) Körb. (Catillaria) = Catillaria contristans sphaerella Hedl. (Lecidea) = Lecania cyrtella ? sphaericum (Schaer.) Migula (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon effiguratum sphaerocarpa Th.Fr. (Rinodina nimbosa v.) = Phaeorrhiza sareptana (Tom.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt v. sphaerocarpa (Th.Fr.) H.Mayrhofer & Poelt sphaerocephalum auct. (Calicium) = Calicium salicinum sphaeroides auct. [non (Wallr.) Arnold] (Acrocordia) = Acrocordia gemmata sphaeroides auct. [non (Wallr.) Zahlbr.] (Arthopyrenia) = Acrocordia gemmata sphaeroides (Dicks.) Körb. (Biatora) = Mycobilimbia pilularis sphaeroides (Dicks.) Schuler [non auct.] (Catillaria) = Mycobilimbia pilularis sphaeroides (Dicks.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Mycobilimbia pilularis sphaeroides sensu De Not. (Bilimbia) = Mycobilimbia pilularis sphaeroidiza (Vain.) Koskinen [comb.inval.] (Biatora) = Biatora sphaeroidiza sphaeroidiza Vain. (Lecidea) = Biatora sphaeroidiza sphaerospora (H.Magn.) G.Salisb. (Ahlesia) = Thelocarpon sphaerosporum H.Magn. sphaerosporum (Anzi) Arnold (Catapyrenium) = Verrucaria sphaerospora sphaerosporum (Anzi) Servít (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria sphaerospora sphaerosporum (Anzi) Servít (Involucrocarpon) = Verrucaria sphaerospora sphaerosporum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon macrosporum sphagnoides Hepp (Cladonia alpestris v.) = Cladonia stellaris sphenospora Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Leptorhaphis tremulae Körb./F sphinctotricha Vain. (Pyrenopsis) = Pyrenopsis haemalella (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell sphinctrina auct. [non (Ach.) Körb.] (Bagliettoa) = Bagliettoa limborioides sphinctrina auct. p.p. [non Ach.] (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa limborioides sphinctrinella Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa parmigerella sphinctrinella (Zschacke) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa parmigerella sphinctrinoidella (Nyl.) Körb. (Microglaena) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella sphinctrinoidella Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Jatta (Polyblastia) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoides sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Lönnr. (Microglaena) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoides 168 sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Trevis. (Chromatochlamys) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoides sphinctrinoides (Nyl.) Vain. (Thelenella) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoides sphinctrinoides Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Protothelenella sphinctrinoides sphyridii (Stein) Arnold (Biatorina) = Dactylospora athallina (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner/F spilocarpon Nyl. (Chiodecton) = Lecanographa grumulosa spilomanthodes [Nyl. ex] W.Johnson (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria lactescens spilomatica (Anzi) Th.Fr. (Xylographa) = Xylographa vitiligo spilomatica Fr. (Arthonia pruinosa v.) = Arthonia pruinata spilomatica (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Phlyctis) = ? spilomatica Schaer. (Arthonia biformis v.) = ? spilomaticum Anzi (Agyrium) = Xylographa vitiligo spilota (Fr.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidea tessellata spilota Fr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea tessellata spilotica Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina spinulosa A.Massal. (Cladonia furcata f.) = Cladonia furcata spinulosa Ahlner [nom.nud.] (Alectoria) = Bryoria nadvornikiana spinulosa Th.Fr. (Ephebe) = Ephebe hispidula (Ach.) Horw. spiralis Müll.Arg. (Opegrapha) = Spirographa fusisporella (Nyl.) Zahlbr./F spissum [Nyl. ex] Hue (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon dactylophyllum spitsbergensis Gyeln. (Peltigera subscutata v.) = Peltigera collina spitzbergensis Hue (Acarospora) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula ? spitzbergensis Lynge (Lecidea) = Lecidella patavina spitzbergensis (Lynge) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecidella alaiensis v.) = Lecidella patavina spitzbergensis (Lynge) Hertel & Leuckert (Lecidella) = Lecidella patavina splendidum Malme (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon superficiale splendidum Malme (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. splendidum (Malme) Runemark spodiza (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Micarea denigrata spodiza (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Micarea denigrata spodiza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea denigrata spodochroa auct. medioeur. p.p. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria crustulosa ssp. crustulosa v. crustulosa spodochroa (Hoffm.) Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria spodochroa spodochrous (Hoffm.) Schol. (Omphalodiscus) = Umbilicaria spodochroa spododes (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Micarea nitschkeana spododes Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea nitschkeana spodomela (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Lecania) = Halecania spodomela spodomela Nyl. (Lecanora) = Halecania spodomela spodophaea Wahlenb. [in Ach.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora poliophaea (Wahlenb.) Ach. spodophaeiza (Nyl.) de Lesd. (Lecania) = Lecania aipospila spodophaeiza Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecania aipospila spodoplaca Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria chalybeia spongiosa Ach. (Verrucaria) = Leptogium tenuissimum spongiosa (Sm.) Nyl. (Solorina saccata v.) = Solorina spongiosa spongiosa Tuck. (Peltigera) = Peltigera canina spongiosula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rimularia furvella (Mudd) Hertel & Rambold spongiosum (Sm.) Ach. (Collema) = Solorina spongiosa spongiosum (Sm.) Nyl. (Leptogium) = Leptogium tenuissimum 169 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms sporastatiae (Anzi) G.Winter (Didymosphaeria) = Polycoccum sporastatiae (Anzi) Arnold/F sporodiza Stirt. (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis flexuosa sporotea Stirt. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica leucophaea spotornensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. spotornonis de Lesd. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca arenaria sprengelii Flörke (Parmelia) = Melanelia sorediata sprengelii (Flörke) Körb. (Imbricaria) = Melanelia sorediata sprucei Anzi (Sagedia) = Polyblastia ardesiaca sprucei (Anzi) Arnold (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia ardesiaca sprucei (Lönnr.) Bab. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium papulare sprucei Lönnr. (Thelidium) = Thelidium papulare spumosa (Aigret) Zahlbr. (Cladonia) = Cladonia portentosa spurcella (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Polyblastia) = Staurothele hymenogonia spuria (Ach.) Ach. (Peltidea canina v.) = Peltigera didactyla spuria (Ach.) DC. (Peltigera) = Peltigera didactyla spuria (Ach.) Gyeln. (Peltigera rufescens v.) = Peltigera didactyla spuria (Ach.) Schaer. (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera didactyla spuria Schaer. (Lecidea) = Buellia spuria spurius Ach. (Lichen) = Peltigera didactyla squalens (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Toninia) = Psorinia conglomerata squalescens (Nyl.) Stein (Thalloidima) = Toninia squalescens (Nyl.) Th.Fr. squalescens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia squalescens (Nyl.) Th.Fr. squalida (Ach.) Jatta (Bilimbia) = Toninia squalida squalida Ach. (Lecidea) = Toninia squalida squalida Delise [in Duby] (Peltigera scutata v.) = Peltigera praetextata squalida Erichsen (Sclerographa) = Opegrapha viridis squamata Flagey (Lecidea) = Lecidea sarcogynoides squamatus Dicks. (Lichen) = Toninia sedifolia squamigera (Ach.) Vain. (Cladonia macilenta v.) = Cladonia macilenta squamigera Gyeln. (Parmelia saxatilis f.) = Parmelia saxatilis squamosa (Hoffm.) Flörke (Cenomyce) = Cladonia squamosa squamosissima Flörke (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa squamosus Hoffm. [nom.illegit.] (Lichen) = Pannaria rubiginosa squamulata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia dispersa squamulosa (Ach.) H.Harada (Dermatocarpella) = Placidium squamulosum squamulosa (Ach.) Trevis. [non sensu Th.Fr.] (Acarospora) = Acarospora fuscata squamulosa Ach. (Lecanora cervina v.) = Acarospora fuscata squamulosa auct. p.p. (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia lobulata squamulosa Bagl. (Rinodina oxydata v.) = Rinodina oxydata squamulosa Deakin (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica squamulosa (Mudd) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Toninia aromatica squamulosa sensu Th.Fr. [non (Schrad.) Trevis.] (Acarospora) = Acarospora macrospora squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium squamulosum squamulosum Ach. (Endocarpon) = Placidium squamulosum squarrosa (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Toninia) = Toninia squalida squarrosa Ach. (Lecidea atrorufa v.) = Toninia squalida squarrosa DC. (Physcia) = Ramalina pollinaria squarrosa (Wallr.) Burgaz [in Burgaz & Ahti] (Cladina arbuscula ssp.) = Cladonia arbuscula ssp. squarrosa squarrosa (Wallr.) Flot. (Cladonia) = Cladonia arbuscula ssp. squarrosa squarrosa (Wallr.) Wallr. (Patellaria) = Cladonia arbuscula ssp. squarrosa squarrosa Wallr. (Patellaria coccinea v.) = Cladonia arbuscula ssp. squarrosa squarrosus Pers. (Lichen) = Ramalina polymorpha stabilis Britzelm. (Cladonia) = Cladonia cariosa steineri (Kušan) Servít (Protobagliettoa) = Bagliettoa steineri steineri Kušan (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa steineri steineri Poelt & Vĕzda (Toninia) = Toninia nordlandica steinii J.Novak (Gyalecta) = Gyalideopsis athalloides steinii [Körb. ex] (Leptorhaphis) = Sagediopsis barbara (Th.Fr.) R.Sant. & Triebel/F stellaris ([G.Meyer ex] Schaer.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta stellaris (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Physcia stellaris stellaris (L.) De Not. (Hagenia) = Physcia stellaris stellaris L. (Lichen) = Physcia stellaris stellaris Opiz [in Ponfinkl] (Cenomyce) = Cladonia stellaris stellaris (Opiz) Brodo (Cladina) = Cladonia stellaris stellata (Leight.) Mudd (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta stellata Schaer. (Cladonia) = Cladonia uncialis ssp. uncialis stellulata Taylor [in J.Mackay] (Lecidea) = Buellia stellulata stemmatina (Ach.) Vain. (Cladonia coccifera v.) = Cladonia coccifera stemoneum (Ach.) De Not. (Cyphelium) = Chaenotheca stemonea stemoneum Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca stemonea stenhammari auct. p.p. (Dirina) = Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata stenhammari (Fr.) Arnold (Lecanactis) = Dirina stenhammari stenhammari (Fr.) Boistel (Bilimbia) = Dirina stenhammari stenhammari (Fr.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Dirina repanda f.) = Dirina stenhammari stenhammari Fr. [in Stenh.] (Lecidea) = Dirina stenhammari stenhammari Hellb. (Thelidium) = Verrucaria obscura Th.Fr. stenhammari (Körb.) Jatta (Lecanora) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. rupicola v. rupicola stenhammari Servít (Verrucaria danubica Servít v.) = Verrucaria stenhammari (Servít) Servít stenholmii H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia stenholmii (H.Magn.) “R.Sant.” stenholmii M.Choisy (Lithoicia) = Verrucaria obscura Th.Fr. stenocarpa (Ach.) Dufour (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra stenocarpa (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha atra stenoclada W.L.Culb. (Ramalina) = Ramalina cuspidata Nyl. stenophylla A.Massal. (Physcia controversa v.) = Xanthoria ulophyllodes stenophylla (Ach.) Du Rietz (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis stenophylla Ach. (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis stenophylla auct. (Parmelia centrifuga v.) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis stenospora (Hepp) Arnold (Bacidia) = Bacidia beckhausii stenospora Hue [in Maheu & A.Gillet] (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia montagnei stenospora (Hue) Maheu & A.Gillet (Lecania) = Protoparmelia montagnei stenospora (Körb.) H.Magn. (Leptorhaphis) = Arthopyrenia stenospora Körb. stenotropa (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Lecanora) = Lecanora stenotropa stenozosia A.Massal. (Cladonia furcata v.) = Cladonia subrangiformis steppicus Reichert (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes diacapsis stereocaulina Ohlert (Arthonia nephromaria v.) = Arthonia stereocaulina (Ohlert) R.Sant/F PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS stereocaulorum Anzi (Lecidea) = Scutula stereocaularum (Anzi) Körb./F sterilis Coppins & P.James (Mycoblastus) = Mycoblastus fucatus sterilis Garov. (Pertusaria fallax v. rupicola f.) = Pertusaria rupicola steriza (Ach.) Rabenh. (Lecidea platycarpa v.) = Porpidia macrocarpa steriza (Ach.) Vain. (Lecidea macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia macrocarpa steriza (Ach.) Vain. (Lecidea) = Porpidia macrocarpa steriza Anzi (Encephalographa cerebrina v.) = Encephalographa elisae steriza Anzi (Opegrapha cerebrina f.) = Poeltinula cerebrina steropea (Ach.) Poetsch (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca saxicola steropeum (Ach.) Körb. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca saxicola stichococci Vain. (Strongylopsis) = Microcalicium disseminatum stictarum (De Not.) Jatta (Arthonia) = Plectocarpon lichenum (Sommerf.) D.Hawksw./F stictarum (De Not.) Tul. (Celidium) = Plectocarpon lichenum (Sommerf.) D.Hawksw./F stictarum De Not. (Sphaeria) = Plectocarpon lichenum (Sommerf.) D.Hawksw./F stictica Duby (Parmelia borreri v.) = Punctelia stictica stictica (Duby) Nyl. (Parmelia) = Punctelia stictica stictica (Duby) Schaer. (Parmelia dubia v.) = Punctelia stictica stictica (Durieu & Mont.) Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Lecanographa lyncea stictica Durieu & Mont. (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa lyncea stictica Fr. (Pyrenotheca) = Arthonia cinereopruinosa stictoceros (Sm. & Sowerby) Sm. & Sowerby (Evernia) = Unguiculariopsis lettaui (Grummann) Coppins/F stigmatea Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea stigmatea (Körb.) H.Olivier (Buellia myriocarpa v.) = Amandinea punctata stigmatea Körb. (Buellia) = Amandinea punctata stigmatella (Ach.) A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia) = Strigula stigmatella stigmatella (Ach.) Ach. (Verrucaria) = Strigula stigmatella stigmatellum (Ach.) De Not. (Acolium) = Cyphelium sessile stigmatellus Ach. (Lichen) = Strigula stigmatella stigmatoides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Gyalidea lecideopsis ? stigonellum (Ach.) De Not. (Acolium) = Sphinctrina turbinata stigonellum Ach. (Calicium) = Sphinctrina turbinata stigonellum sensu Mudd (Acolium) = Cyphelium sessile stigonemoides Orange (Macentina) = Psoroglaena stigonemoides stigonemoides (Orange) Hafellner & Kalb (Leucocarpia) = Psoroglaena stigonemoides stillicidiorum Harm. (Collema) = Collema fuscovirens stillicidiorum (Vahl) Flot. (Zeora cerina v.) = Caloplaca stillicidiorum stillicidiorum (Vahl) Hepp (Placodium cerinum v.) = Caloplaca stillicidiorum stillicidiorum (Vahl) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca cerina v.) = Caloplaca stillicidiorum stipitata Bagl. & Carestia (Sphinctrina gelasinata v.) = ? stipitata (Nyl.) Branth. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria virginis stipitata Nyl. (Dirina repanda v.) = Dirina massiliensis stipitata Nyl. (Umbilicaria) = Umbilicaria virginis stippaea auct. (Anaptychia fusca v.) = Anaptychia bryorum stippaea sensu Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Anaptychia aquila v.) = Anaptychia bryorum stippaea sensu Nádv. (Anaptychia) = Anaptychia bryorum stiriaca (A.Massal.) Jatta (Lecidea) = Fuscidea cyathoides 170 stiriaca A.Massal. (Biatora) = Fuscidea cyathoides stiriaca Poelt (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia stiriaca (Poelt) Clauzade & Cl.Roux stizenbergeri Hepp (Biatora) = Micarea melaena stoechadiana Abassi & Cl.Roux (Hypocenomyce) = Waynea stoechadiana stoechadiana (Rose & Cl.Roux) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Zamenhofia) = Porina coralloidea stoechadiana Rose & Cl.Roux (Porina) = Porina coralloidea straminea Anzi (Lecidea) = Carbonea distans straminea Flörke (Cladonia) = Cladonia cyanipes straminea (Stenh.) Hedl. (Lecidea sulphurea f.) = Lecanora sublivescens (Nyl.) Arnold straminea (Stenh.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea symmicta f.) = Lecanora sublivescens (Nyl.) Arnold straminea Stenh. (Biatora) = Lecanora sublivescens (Nyl.) Arnold straminella Bagl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora sp. stramineola Motyka (Usnea dasypoga ssp.) = Usnea filipendula ? straminescens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea luteoatra ? strasseri Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. strasseri (Zahlbr.) [Keissl. ex] H.Magn. (Ahlesia) = Thelocarpon lichenicola ? strasseri Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia berengeriana strasseri Zahlbr. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon lichenicola ? strepsilis (Ach.) Zahlbr. (Ramalina) = Ramalina capitata v. capitata strepsilis Ach. (Baeomyces) = Cladonia strepsilis strepsodea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea promiscens strepsodina (Ach.) H.Olivier (Biatorella simplex v.) = Polysporina simplex striata Verseghy (Ochrolechia parella f.) = Ochrolechia parella stricta Nyl. (Cladonia degenerans v.) = Cladonia stricta v. stricta stricta Schaer. (Cladonia fruticosa v.) = Cladonia furcata strigosa (Poelt & Buschardt) N.S.Golubk. (Phaeophyscia) = Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi strigosa Poelt & Buschardt (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi strobilina Spreng. [in L.] (Parmelia) = Lecanora strobilina stromatoides H.Magn. (Catillaria) = Lecidea plana strontianensis Swinscow (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema strontianense stuckenbergiae Dombr. (Peltigera mauritzii v.) = Peltigera elisabethae stuppea [Flot. ex] Sandst. (Cetraria) = Cetraria muricata stuppea (Räsänen) Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea substerilis stuppea Taylor (Parmelia) = Parmotrema stuppeum stygia (Berk. & Curt.) E.Müller (Buellia) = Dactylospora stygia (Berk. & Curt.) Hafellner/F stygia (Fr.) Ruoss (Cladina) = Cladonia stygia stygia Fr. (Cladonia rangiferina f.) = Cladonia stygia stygia (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Melanelia stygia stygia (L.) DC. (Imbricaria) = Melanelia stygia stygia (L.) Nyl. (Cornicularia) = Melanelia stygia stygia (L.) Schaer. (Parmelia fahlunensis v.) = Melanelia stygia stygioides Flagey (Collema stygium v.) = Collema polycarpon ssp. corcyrense stygioplaca Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia subradians (Nyl.) Hue stygium Rabenh. (Collema) = Collema polycarpon stygius L. (Lichen) = Melanelia stygia styracella (Ach.) Vain. (Cladonia macilenta v.) = Cladonia macilenta suave Müll.Arg. (Callopisma) = Lecania suavis 171 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms suaveolens ([Ach. ex] Schaer.) A.Massal. (Aspicilia) = Ionaspis chrysophana suaveolens ([Ach. ex] Schaer.) Stein (Ionaspis) = Ionaspis chrysophana suaveolens Anzi (Sagedia macularis v.) = Porina chlorotica suaveolens (Fr.) Th.Fr. (Ionaspis) = Ionaspis odora subacerina Vain. (Bacidia) = Bacidia laurocerasi subacervata Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Clauzadea monticola subachariana Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria implexa subalba Gyeln. (Peltigera variolosa f.) = Peltigera leucophlebia subalbella Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albella subalbens (Nyl.) Hazsl. (Lecania) = Lecania olivacella subalbens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecania olivacella subalbinea Nyl. (Physcia) = Physcia caesia v. caesiella subalpina Th.Fr. (Catillaria) = Placynthium asperellum subalpina Zahlbr. [non Stizenb.] (Lecidea) = Lecania cyrtella subaquila (Nyl.) Jattta (Anaptychia) = Physconia venusta subaquila Nyl. (Physcia) = Physconia venusta subarctica H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia subarctica (H.Magn.) Creveld subarenaria A.L.Sm. (Rinodina) = Rinodina oxydata subarenaria J.Novak & Kiszka (Melaspilea) = Melaspilea granitophila (Th.Fr.) Coppins subargentifera (Nyl.) Hilitzer (Parmelia verruculifera v.) = Melanelia subargentifera subargentifera Nyl. (Parmelia) = Melanelia subargentifera subaromatica Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia aromatica subastroideum (Anzi) Rehm (Arthothelium) = Arthonia subastroidea subathallina H.Magn. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca hungarica subathallinum (Arnold) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Stigmatomma rufum v.) = Staurothele rufa subatra Erichsen (Buellia) = Buellia aethalea subauriculata Lynge [nom.illegit. non de Lesd.] (Lecidea) = Adelolecia pilati subaurifera (Nyl.) O.J.Rich. (Parmelia olivacea v.) = Melanelia subaurifera subaurifera (Nyl.) Arnold (Imbricaria) = Melanelia subaurifera subaurifera Nyl. (Parmelia) = Melanelia subaurifera subbadia Anzi (Buellia) = Buellia uberior subbracteata (Nyl.) Lettau (Caloplaca) = Fulgensia subbracteata subbtracteata Nyl. (Lecanora) = Fulgensia subbracteata subcaesia (Naegeli) de Lesd. (Lecania) = Lecania turicensis subcaesiocinerea Werner (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia cheresina v. microspora subcana [Nyl. ex] Stizenb. (Alectoria prolixa v.) = Bryoria subcana (Stizenb.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. subcana (Stizenb.) Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria subcana (Stizenb.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. subcandicans Müll.Arg. (Lecanora) = Lobothallia radiosa subcandida Arnold (Aspicilia cinereorufescens f.) = Bellemerea subcandida subcandida (Arnold) Lettau (Lecanora) = Bellemerea subcandida subcandida de Lesd. (Toninia) = Toninia alutacea ? subcanella Zahlbr. (Rinodina) = Rinodina alba subcanescens Werner (Buellia) = Diploicia subcanescens subcanina (Gyeln.) Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera praetextata subcanina Gyeln. (Peltigera praetextata v.) = Peltigera praetextata subcanum (Nyl.) Gyeln. (Bryopogon) = Bryoria fuscescens subcariosa auct. (Cladonia) = Cladonia polycarpoides subcarnea (Lilj.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecanora subcarnea subcarnea (Lilj.) Arnold (Zeora) = Lecanora subcarnea subcarnea (Lilj.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora sordida v.) = Lecanora subcarnea subcarnea (Lilj.) Trevis. (Patellaria rupicola v.) = Lecanora subcarnea subcarneus Lilj. (Lichen) = Lecanora subcarnea subcembrina Anzi (Arthonia) = Arthonia radiata ? subcembrinum (Anzi) Rehm (Arthothelium) = Arthonia radiata ? subcerebrina Zahlbr. (Lecanora crassa v.) = Squamarina cartilaginea subcervicornis Vain. (Cladonia verticillata v.) = Cladonia subcervicornis subcetrarioides (Zahlbr.) Pisút (Squamarina gypsacea v.) = Squamarina gypsacea ? subchlorotica (Nyl.) Flagey (Bacidia) = Bacidina chloroticula subchlorotica Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidina chloroticula subciliata (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. (Pseudephebe pubescens v.) = Pseudephebe pubescens subciliata Nyl. (Parmelia lanata v.) = Pseudephebe pubescens subcinerea Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia recedens subcinnabarina Tønsberg (Lecidea) = Pyrrhospora subcinnabarina (Tønsberg) Hafellner subcircinata (Nyl.) Coppins (Aspicilia) = Lobothallia radiosa subcircinata (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Squamaria) = Lobothallia radiosa subcircinata Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lobothallia radiosa subcircinatum (Nyl.) Arnold (Placodium) = Lobothallia radiosa subcoerulescens Arnold (Lecidea) = Melanolecia transitoria subcoerulescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Polyblastiopsis) = Julella subcoerulescens (Nyl.) Hafellner & Türk/F subcoeruleum Eitner (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon lavatum subconcentrica (J.Steiner) Servít (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa parmigera ? subconcentricum (Körb.) Körb. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon petraeum subconcentricum Körb. (Rhizocarpon petraeum v.) = Rhizocarpon petraeum subconcinna (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Buellia) = Buellia concinna subconcinna Vain. (Lecidea) = Buellia concinna subconcolor Anzi (Biatora) = Trapeliopsis subconcolor subconcolor (Anzi) Hertel (Trapelia) = Trapeliopsis subconcolor subconcolor (Anzi) Jatta (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis subconcolor subconfluens Th.Fr. (Lecidea speirea v.) = Lecidea subconfluescens Zahlbr. subconfragosa auct. p.p. (Rinodina) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii subconfragosa (Nyl.) Flagey (Rinodina) = Rinodina milvina subconfragosa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina milvina subcongrua Nyl. [non sensu Vain.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea subconspersa Nyl. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa subcontigua Garov. (Verrucaria nigrescens v.) = Verrucaria nigrescens subcontigua Rabenh. (Lecidea fumosa v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra subcorallinum Degel. (Collema) = Collema tenax subcornuta [Nyl. ex] Cromb. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia subulata subcretacea Arnold (Lecidea contigua v.) = Lecidea speirodes subcretacea (Arnold) P.Syd. (Lecidea) = Lecidea speirodes subcrustacea (Flot.) Zahlbr. (Parmelia physodes v.) = Hypogymnia physodes subcrustosum auct. [non (Nyl.) Zahlbr.] (Dermatocarpon) = Verrucaria aspiciliicola subcuneata Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. subcuspidans Nyl. (Homodium) = Collema crispum PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS subdecipiens (Nyl.) Flagey (Psora) = Psora vallesiaca subdecipiens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Psora vallesiaca subdeflexa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Candelariella subdeflexa subdendritica Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria muralis subdepressa (Nyl.) Arnold (Aspicilia gibbosa v.) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea ? subdepressa (Nyl.) Arnold (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea ? subdepressa (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Aspicilia caesiocinerea v.) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea ? subdepressa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea ? subdetersa Nyl. (Physcia) = Physconia enteroxantha subdilatata Vain. (Cetraria hiascens f.) = Cetrariella delisei (Schaer.) Kärnefelt & Thell subdisciformis Leight. (Lecidea) = Buellia subdisciformis subdiscordans Nyl. (Chiodecton) = Byssoloma subdiscordans subdiscrepans (Nyl.) Stizenb. (Lecanora) = Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans subdiscrepans Nyl. (Squamaria chrysoleuca v.) = Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans subdispersa Krempelh. (Buellia) = Diplotomma lutosum subdispersum (Krempelh.) Arnold (Diplotomma) = Diplotomma lutosum subdita Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecanora formosa subdolosa Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. subdubia Nyl. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria corallina subduplex (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatora vernalis f.) = Biatora subduplex subduplex (Nyl.) Branth & Grönlund (Bilimbia sphaeroides v.) = Biatora subduplex subduplex (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Catillaria) = Biatora subduplex subduplex (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Biatora subduplex subduplex (Nyl.) Räsänen [comb.inval.] (Biatora) = Biatora subduplex subduplex (Nyl.) Vain. (Lecidea vernalis v.) = Biatora subduplex subduplex Nyl. (Lecidea vernalis f.) = Biatora subduplex subeffigurans Nyl. (Lecidea dispersa v.) = Buellia dispersa subelegans Poelt & Tav. (Xanthoria) = Xanthoria resendei subelevata Nyl. (Opegrapha varia v.) = Opegrapha subelevata subericola Jatta (Opegrapha varia f.) = Opegrapha varia suberis (Clemente) Colmeiro (Urceolaria scruposa v.) = Diploschistes scruposus suberumpens (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Rinodina) = Rinodina teichophila suberythrella (Nyl.) Clauzade & Rondon (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca flavorubescens subexigua (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Rinodina) = Rinodina gennarii subexigua Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina gennarii subfaginea Nádv. [nom.illegit.] (Usnea faginea v.) = Usnea rigida ? subfallax (Vain.) Vain. (Didymella) = Arthopyrenia didymelloides Zahlbr. subfarinacea [Nyl. ex] Cromb. (Ramalina scopulorum v.) = Ramalina subfarinacea subfarinosa Anzi (Pertusaria rupestris v.) = Pertusaria pertusa v. rupestris subfarinosa (Anzi) Erichsen (Pertusaria rupestris f.) = Pertusaria pertusa v. rupestris subfarinosa H.Magn. (Lecidea elata v.) = Lecanora marginata subflavicunda (Vain.) Vain. (Lecidea steriza f.) = Porpidia macrocarpa subflavicunda Vain. (Lecidea macrocarpa f.) = Porpidia macrocarpa subflavida (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatora) = Biatora mendax subflavida Nyl. (Lecidea) = Biatora mendax 172 subflotowiana (Erichsen) (Pertusaria albescens v.) = Pertusaria aspergilla subfoederata Vain. (Lecidea auriculata v.) = Lecidea diducens subfumosa Arnold (Psora atrobrunnea v.) = Lecidea subfumosa (Arnold) Zwackh subfurva Nyl. (Lecidea) = Schaereria cinereorufa subfurvum auct. (Collema) = Collema subflaccidum subfusca auct. p.p. (Lecanora) = Lecanora argentata subfuscae Arnold [in Zwackh] (Celidium) = Toninia subfuscae subfuscae (Arnold) Arnold (Bilimbia) = Toninia subfuscae subfuscae (Arnold) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Bacidia) = Toninia subfuscae subfuscae (Arnold) Rehm (Mycobilimbia) = Toninia subfuscae subfusca (L.) Ach. [nom.illegit. non auct.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora allophana subfuscaria Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia subfuscae subfuscata H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Lecanora argentata subfuscescens (Nyl.) H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Polysporina lapponica subfuscula (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Bacidia) = Lecania subfuscula subfuscula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecania subfuscula subgelatinosum (Sm.) Zschacke (Thelidium) = Thelidium zwackhii subgilva Arnold (Biatora vernalis v.) = Biatora subgilva subgilva (Arnold) Arnold (Biatora vernalis f.) = Biatora subgilva subgilva (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Lecidea vernalis f.) = Biatora subgilva subglabra Gyeln. (Peltigera praetextata v.) = Peltigera praetextata subglabra (Nyl.) M.Choisy (Agyrophora) = Umbilicaria subglabra subglabra Nyl. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria subglabra subglabrata Werner (Lecanora) = Lecanora campestris subglauca Nyl. (Parmelia) = Flavoparmelia caperata subglaucescens (Nyl.) Sheard (Rinodina) = Rinodina beccariana subglaucescens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina beccariana subglobulifera Erichsen (Pertusaria henricii v.) = Pertusaria albescens subglobulosa (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatorina) = Biatora ocelliformis subglobulosa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria globulosa v.) = Biatora ocelliformis subglobulosa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Biatora ocelliformis subgranosum Harm. (Collema) = Collema fuscovirens subgranulata Müll.Arg. (Rinodina) = Rinodinella dubyanoides subgranulosa H.Magn. (Caloplaca exsecuta v.) = Caloplaca exsecuta subgrisea (Nyl.) Flagey (Catillaria) = Toninia philippea subgrisea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia philippea subgrisella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina subguepinii Werner (Heppia) = Peltula omphaliza subgyratula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rimularia limborina subhispidula Nádv. (Chaenotheca phaeocephala v.) = Chaenotheca phaeocephala subhumosum Nyl. (Collema) = Collema ceraniscum subimbricata A.L.Sm. (Lecanora) = Lobothallia radiosa subimbricata (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Toninia) = Toninia verrucarioides subimbricata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia verrucarioides subimmersa (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (Caloplaca variabilis v.) = Caloplaca variabilis subimpexa (P.A.Duvign.) Ahti (Cladonia portentosa v.) = Cladonia portentosa subimpexa P.A.Duvign. (Cladonia) = Cladonia portentosa 173 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms subincana (Maheu & A.Gillet) Maheu & A.Gillet (Parmelia) = Parmotrema hypoleucinum subincincta Servít (Involucrothele) = Thelidium pyrenophorum subincisa (Th.Fr.) Lynge (Physcia aipolia v.) = Physcia magnussonii subincisa Th.Fr. (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia magnussonii subincompta Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidia subincompta subincongrua (Nyl.) Hertel & Leuckert (Lecidella) = Lecidella asema subincongrua Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella asema subinfidula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea tuberculata subinnata (Vain.) Vain. (Lecidea cinereoatra v.) = Porpidia speirea subinnata Vain. (Lecidea macrocarpa v. meiosporella f.) = Porpidia speirea subinops Vain. (Lecidea auriculata v.) = Lecidea auriculata subinsequens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecanora cadubriae subintegra Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. subintricata (Nyl.) M.Choisy (Lecanoropsis) = Lecanora subintricata subintricata Nyl. (Lecanora varia v.) = Lecanora subintricata subinumbrata (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia melaspora subinundata (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (Bacidia) = Bacidia incompta subinvoluta Müll.Arg. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida sublactea (Eitner) Zschacke (Paraphysothele) = Thelidium sublacteum Eitner sublaeve (Jatta) Zahlbr. (Collema) = Collema furfureolum sublaevis Cout. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia sublaevis sublapponica Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia sublapponica (Zahlbr.) Oksner sublatypaea [Nyl. ex] Cromb. (Lecidea) = Carbonea vorticosa sublaxa Vain. (Usnea) = Usnea filipendula ? sublecanorodes Werner (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria hymenea sublentigera Jatta (Lecanora) = Squamarina concrescens subleprosula Vĕzda (Bacidia) = Micarea submilliaria subleprosula (Vĕzda) Vĕzda (Micarea) = Micarea submilliaria sublestum (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon simillimum sublitorale (Leight.) R.C.Harris (Pyrenocollema) = Pyrenocollema halodytes ? sublitoralis (Leight.) Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema halodytes ? sublitoralis Leight. (Verrucaria) = Pyrenocollema halodytes ? sublivescens (Nyl.) P.James (Lecidea) = Lecanora sublivescens (Nyl.) Arnold sublivescens Nyl. (Lecidea orosthea v.) = Lecanora sublivescens (Nyl.) Arnold sublobata Arnold (Rinodina crustulata f.) = Rinodinella controversa sublobata (Arnold) H.Olivier (Rinodina) = Rinodinella controversa sublubens Paulson (Bilimbia) = Lecanidion atratum (Hedw.) Fr./F sublucidum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon saanaense sublurida Anzi (Arthonia) = Arthonia spadicea ? sublurida Carroll [in Nyl.] (Lecidea) = Solenopsora holophaea ? sublurida Stirt. (Usnea) = Usnea rubicunda subluridum (Carroll) Mudd (Thalloidima) = Solenopsora holophaea ? sublustris Stizenb. (Alectoria prolixa f.) = Bryoria impexa sublutescens (Nyl.) Hertel (Lecidea jurana v.) = Farnoldia dissipabilis sublutescens (Nyl.) Hertel (Tremolecia jurana v.) = Farnoldia dissipabilis sublutescens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia dissipabilis submammillare Flagey (Thalloidima) = Toninia tumidula submammillaris (Flagey) Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Toninia tumidula submarginale Ach. (Collema) = Collema tenax submedia Nyl. (Cetraria delisei v.) = Cetrariella delisei (Schaer.) Kärnefelt & Thell submembranacea Nyl. (Peltigera polydactylon v.) = Peltigera degenii submersa (Lamy) Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia caesiocinerea submersa (Nyl.) H.Magn. (Caloplaca atroflava v.) = Caloplaca atroflava submersa Nyl. (Lecanora pyracea f.) = Caloplaca atroflava submersa Schaer. [non Borrer] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria submersella Servít submersa Zahlbr. (Caloplaca variabilis v.) = Caloplaca variabilis submicans auct. [non (Nyl.) Arnold] (Arthopyrenia) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis submicans (Nyl.) Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Arthopyrenia nitescens submodesta Vain. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon reductum submodestum (Vain.) Vain. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum submoestula (Nyl.) Coppins (Micarea) = Micarea subconfusa submoestula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea subconfusa submoriformis Lynge (Lecidea conferenda f.) = Adelolecia kolaensis submuralis Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria muralis submuriformis H.Magn. (Phlyctis) = Thelenella pertusariella subnegans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Myxobilimbia lobulata subnigrata (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Micarea subnigrata (Nyl.) Coppins & H.Kilias subnigrata (Nyl.) Herre (Catillaria) = Micarea subnigrata (Nyl.) Coppins & H.Kilias subnigrescens Harm. (Cetraria aculeata f.) = Cetraria aculeata subnigricans (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Cetraria islandica f.) = Cetraria ericetorum subnigricans Nyl. (Cetraria crispa v.) = Cetraria ericetorum subnitens (Vain.) Lynge (Physcia grisea v.) = Physconia grisea ssp. grisea subnitida Hellb. (Catillaria) = Toninia subnitida subnivea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia geophila subnivea (Nyl.) Jatta (Buellia) = Buellia geophila subnullisorediosa Gyeln. (Parmelia rosiformis f.) = Parmelia sulcata subobscura H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica instrata subobscura (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Physcia hispida f.) = Physcia tenella v. marina (E.Nyl.) Lynge subobscura (Nyl.) Nyl. (Physcia) = Physcia tenella v. marina (E.Nyl.) Lynge subocellata (Ach.) Hepp (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha rufescens subocellata Ach. (Opegrapha herpetica v.) = Opegrapha rufescens subocellatus (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes ocellatus subochracea Wedd. (Lecanora aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca subochracea subochracea (Zahlbr.) J.Steiner (Buellia) = Diplotomma alboatrum subochracea Zahlbr. (Buellia alboatra v.) = Diplotomma alboatrum subochraceum (Zahlbr.) Szatala (Diplotomma) = Diplotomma alboatrum subolivacea (Th.Fr.) Lynge (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca tiroliensis PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS subolivacea (Th.Fr.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca jungermanniae v.) = Caloplaca tiroliensis subolivacea Werner (Pyrenopsis) = Psorotichia frustulosa subosteolus Gyeln. (Bryopogon) = Bryoria subcana ([Nyl. ex] Stizenb.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. subpallida H.Magn. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca oxfordensis subpallida Nyl. (Coniocybe) = Sclerophora nivea subparoicum Nyl. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis subparoica subpectinata Stirt. (Usnea) = Usnea cornuta subpedicellatum (Ach.) Schaer. (Calicium) = Microcalicium disseminatum subpedicellatum (Ach.) Tibell (Microcalicium) = Microcalicium disseminatum subpeltata Lynge (Lecanora) = Rhizoplaca melanophthalma subphalerata Motyka (Ramalina farinacea v.) = Ramalina farinacea subplana Erichsen (Pertusaria rupestris v.) = Pertusaria pertusa v. rupestris subplana Malme (Lecidea enalliza v.) = Lecidea malmeana Zahlbr. subplanata (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecanora rupicola v.) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. subplanata subplanata Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. subplanata subplanata Vain. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida subplana Tosco (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa subplicatile Nyl. (Collema) = Leptogium plicatile ? subplumbea Anzi (Lecidea) = Miriquidica griseoatra ? subplumbea (Anzi) Arnold (Lecidea inserena f.) = Miriquidica griseoatra ? subplumbea (Anzi) Arnold (Lecidella) = Miriquidica griseoatra ? subpostuma Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon reductum ? subpostumum (Nyl.) Arnold (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum ? subprolixa [Nyl. ex] Kremp. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia pulla subpulicaris Anzi (Biatorina) = Catinaria neuschildii subpulicaris (Anzi) Lettau (Catillaria) = Catinaria neuschildii subpulposum Nyl. (Collema) = Collema tenax subpulverulenta Gyeln. (Peltigera malacea v.) = Peltigera malacea subpulverulenta Szatala (Physcia) = Physconia subpulverulenta v. subpulverulenta subpusilla (Vain.) Tibell (Chaenothecopsis) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla subpusillum Vain. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis pusilla subpyrenophora (Leight.) Zschacke (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia theleodes ? subquercinum Asahina (Calicium) = Calicium lenticulare subracemosa Vain. (Cladonia crispata v.) = Cladonia crispata subradians Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia subradians (Nyl.) Hue subradiascens (Nyl.) Hue (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia subradians (Nyl.) Hue subradiascens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia subradians (Nyl.) Hue subradiata Nyl. (Pannaria) = Placynthium subradiatum subradiatum (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Lecothecium) = Placynthium subradiatum subradiatum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Pterygium) = Placynthium subradiatum subradiosa auct. [non Nyl.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora swartzii ssp. swartzii subradiosa Nyl. [non auct.] (Lecanora) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. subplanata 174 subrangiformis (Sandst.) Abbayes [nom.illegit.] (Cladonia furcata ssp.) = Cladonia subrangiformis subravida (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecanora varia v.) = Lecanora albellula subreductum (Vain.) Vain. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon submodestum (Vain.) Vain. subrhaetica [Arnold ex] Lettau (Lecidea) = Farnoldia similigena subrigida Nádv. [nom.illegit.] (Usnea rigida v.) = Usnea rigida subrimulata Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium aeneovinosum subrimulatum (Nyl.) Zschacke (Thelidium) = Thelidium aeneovinosum subrimulosa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Toninia) = Toninia nordlandica subrimulosa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia nordlandica subrivulosa (Vain.) P.James, Poelt & May.Inoue (Fuscidea) = Fuscidea cyathoides subrosea Servít (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa cazzae subrosulata J.Steiner (Heppia) = Peltula obscuratula (Nyl.) [Poelt ex] Egea subrubescens (Vain.) Zahlbr. (Rinodina) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii subrubescens Vain. (Lecanora) = Rinodina bischoffii v. bischoffii subrudecta Nyl. (Parmelia) = Punctelia subrudecta subrufescens Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium subrufescens (Breuss) Breuss subrufescens Nyl. (Lecanora exigua f.) = Rinodina gennarii subrufula Nyl. (Lecanora) = Acarospora subrufula subrugosa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora argentata ? subscabriusculum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Endocarpon) = Endocarpon pusillum subscabrosa Gyeln. (Peltigera scutata v.) = Peltigera collina subscruposa (Nyl.) Harm. (Urceolaria) = Diploschistes muscorum subscruposus (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes muscorum subscutata (Gyeln.) Trass (Peltigera scutata v.) = Peltigera collina subscutata Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera collina subscutellaris Vĕzda (Gyalecta) = Gyalidea subscutellaris (Vĕzda) Vĕzda subsequens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea subsiderella (Nyl.) Arnold (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha niveoatra subsiderella Nyl. (Opegrapha vulgata v.) = Opegrapha niveoatra subsilacea (Nyl.) Vain. (Lecidea silacea f.) = Lecidea silacea subsilacea Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea silacea subsimile (Nyl.) Trevis. (Cyphelium) = Cyphelium inquinans subsimilis Th.Fr. (Caloplaca) = Candelariella aurella subsmaragdula H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica subsoluta ([Nyl. ex] Wedd.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca irrubescens subsorediza Lynge [in Å.E.Dahl] (Lecidea) = Bellemerea subsorediza subsorediza (Lynge) R.Sant. (Aspicilia) = Bellemerea subsorediza subspadicea (Nyl.) Redinger (Arthonia spadicea v.) = Arthonia spadicea ? subspadicea Nyl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia spadicea ? subsphaeroides (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Megalaria laureri subsquamacea Garov. (Verrucaria conoidea v.) = Acrocordia conoidea subsquamosa (Leight.) Cromb. [non Kremp.] (Cladonia) = Cladonia squamosa v. subsquamosa subsquamosa [Nyl. ex] Leight. (Cladonia delicata v.) = Cladonia squamosa v. subsquamosa 175 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms subsquamosa sensu Buschardt [non J.Steiner] (Buellia) = Buellia dispersa substellaris (Ach.) Vain. (Xanthoria) = Xanthoria fallax substellaris Ach. (Lecanora candelaria v.) = Xanthoria fallax substellatum (H.Magn.) Degel. (Collema tenax v.) = Collema tenax substelliformis Hillmann (Xanthoria candelaria v.) = Xanthoria candelaria substerilis (Motyka) Keissl. (Usnea sorediifera v.) = Usnea substerilis substygia Räsänen (Parmelia) = Melanelia tominii substygia (Räsänen) Essl. (Melanelia) = Melanelia tominii subtabacina (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Toninia) = Toninia sedifolia subtabacina Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia sedifolia subtartarea (Nyl.) A.Massal. (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia androgyna subtartarea Nyl. (Lecanora tartarea ssp.) = Ochrolechia androgyna subtenebrosa Malme (Buellia) = Orphniospora moriopsis subtenebrosa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Ramboldia petraeoides subteres Lettau (Physcia) = Physcia leptalea subtile Pers. (Calicium) = Mycocalicium subtile subtile Runemark (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon viridiatrum subtile (Schrad.) Hoffm. (Collema) = Leptogium subtile subtilis Schrad. (Lichen) = Leptogium subtile subtilis Vĕzda (Bacidia) = Fellhanera subtilis subtilis (Vĕzda) Vĕzda (Arthonia) = Fellhanera subtilis subtinctoria Zahlbr. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema subtinctorium (Zahlbr.) Hale subtrachona (Arnold) Lettau (Bacidia) = ? subtrachytica J.Steiner (Rinodina) = Rinodina trachytica subtubulosa [Fr. ex] Nyl. (Cetraria islandica v.) = Cetraria ericetorum subtubulosa (Nyl.) Zopf (Cetraria) = Cetraria ericetorum subtumidula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Cephalophysis leucospila subturgida Werner (Physcia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia distorta subturgidula (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Bacidia subturgidula subturicensis Zahlbr. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria praetermissa subulata (L.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia subulata subulata (L.) Vain. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia subulata subulatus L. (Lichen) = Cladonia subulata subuliformis (Ehrh.) W.L.Culb. (Thamnolia) = Thamnolia vermicularis v. subuliformis subuliformis Ehrh. (Lichen) = Thamnolia vermicularis v. subuliformis subuliformis (Vain.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux [comb.inval.] (Cladonia anomaea v.) = Cladonia ramulosa subumbonata Nyl. (Lecidea) = Cecidonia xenophana subumbonata Nyl. [non sensu Arnold] (Lecidea) = Lecidea umbonata subumbonata sensu Arnold et Lettau [non Nyl.] (Lecidea) = Lecidea speirodes subumbonella Lamy (Lecidea) = Cecidonia xenophana subumbrina Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Polyblastia cruenta subvagans Suza (Cetraria subtubulosa v.) = Cetraria ericetorum subvarians Nyl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia clemens subvaria (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Lecanora varia v.) = Lecanora varia subvaria Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora varia subvenosa Gyeln. (Parmelia olivaria f.) = Cetrelia olivetorum subventosa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora argopholis subvenusta Nyl. (Physcia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia distorta subvermicularis Asahina (Thamnolia) = Thamnolia vermicularis v. subuliformis subviolascens (H.Magn.) Coppins (Micarea) = Micarea paratropa (Nyl.) Alstrup subvirescens (Almq.) Zahlbr. (Stigmatidium rimatum v.) = Schismatomma graphidioides subvirescens Almq. (Schismatomma rimatum v.) = Schismatomma graphidioides subviridescens (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Micarea subviridescens subviridescens (Nyl.) Hedl. (Micarea) = Micarea subviridescens subviridescens (Nyl.) Vain. (Buellia) = Buellia concinna subviridescens (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Micarea subviridescens subviridescens Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea subviridescens subviridicans (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Polyblastia) = Polyblastia terrestris subviridis Høeg (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia subviridis subviridula Garov. (Verrucaria fuscella v.) = Verrucaria fuscella subvitellina (Vain.) Szatala (Caloplaca festiva v.) = Caloplaca crenularia subvorticosa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia jurana ssp. jurana succedens [Rehm ex] Arnold (Polyblastia) = Staurothele succedens succina (Leight.) A.L.Sm. (Porina) = Porina ahlesiana sudetica Eitner (Lecanora cinereorufescens v.) = Bellemerea cinereorufescens sudetica Erichsen (Varicellaria rhodocarpa v.) = Varicellaria rhodocarpa sudetica (Körb.) Körb. (Sagedia) = Porina sudetica (Körb.) Lettau suecica H.Magn. (Ocellularia) = Thelotrema suecicum (H.Magn.) P.James suevica Bertsch (Buellia) = Diplotomma venustum sulcata (Pers.) A.Massal. (Graphis) = Graphis elegans sulcata (Taylor) Nyl. (Parmelia saxatilis v.) = Parmelia sulcata sulphurascens Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pruinosa sulphurata (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. sulphurata sulphurata Ach. (Lecanora glaucoma v.) = Lecanora rupicola ssp. sulphurata sulphurata Arnold (Acarospora heufleriana f.) = Acarospora sulphurata v. sulphurata sulphurata Th.Fr. (Lecanora alpina v.) = Bellemerea alpina sulphurea A.Massal. [non Schaer.] (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria rupicola sulphurea auct.ital. p.p. (Lepra) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. ochroleucum sulphurea (Hoffm.) Flot. (Zeora) = Lecanora sulphurea sulphurea (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Lecanora polytropa v.) = Lecanora sulphurea sulphurea (Hoffm.) Wahlenb. (Lecidea) = Lecanora sulphurea sulphurea (Retz.) Middelb. & J.Mattsson (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca brachypoda sulphurea (Retz.) Nyl. (Coniocybe) = Chaenotheca brachypoda sulphurella (Fr.) Nyl. (Coniocybe) = Chaenotheca brachypoda sulphurella Fr. (Coniocybe furfuracea v.) = Chaenotheca brachypoda sulphurella (Körb.) H.Olivier (Lecanora) = Lecanora pruinosa sulphurella (Körb.) H.Olivier (Squamaria) = Lecanora pruinosa sulphurella Samp. (Bacidia) = Bacidina arnoldiana sulphurella Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Lecanora marginata sulphureus Hoffm. (Lichen) = Lecanora sulphurea sulphurinus Michx. (Scyphophorus) = Cladonia sulphurina suomensis Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera canina PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS suomiense Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon subgeminatum Eitner suomiensis Räsänen (Lemmopsis) = Placynthiella icmalea superba (Körb.) Hertel (Huilia) = Porpidia superba superba (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia superba superba Körb. (Lecidea) = Porpidia superba supercrassa H.Olivier (Buellia) = Clypeococcum epicrassus (H.Olivier) Nav.-Ros. & Cl.Roux/F superdistans Nyl. (Lecanora) = Candelariella superdistans superficialis Schaer. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon superficiale superfusa Zahlbr. (Physcia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia distorta superiuscula (Nyl.) Hue (Aspicilia) = Miriquidica complanata superiuscula Nyl. (Lecanora) = Miriquidica complanata superlata Vain. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia aspicilioidea (Th.Fr.) R.Sant. supernula (Nyl.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Toninia episema supernula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia episema superpallens Nyl. (Pertusaria pustulata f.) = Pertusaria heterochroa superpositum (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Thelidium) = Stigmidium superpositum (Nyl.) D.Hawksw./F superreagens (Servit) Poelt (Buellia griseovirens v.) = Buellia griseovirens supersparsa (Nyl.) Keissl. (Nesolechia vitellinaria v.) = Carbonea supersparsa supersparsa (Nyl.) Rehm (Nesolechia) = Carbonea supersparsa supersparsa Nyl. (Lecidea) = Carbonea supersparsa superstratum J.Steiner (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon epispilum supertegens (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia supertegens suprasedens Zahlbr. (Lecidea) = Lecidella carpathica surrecta (Flörke) Sandst. (Cladonia) = Cladonia scabriuscula suspiciosa Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca suspiciosa (Nyl.) H.Magn. suzaeana Servít (Verrucaria) = Bagliettoa limborioides suzai (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora nitrophila v.) = Acarospora nitrophila ? suzai H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nitrophila ? suzai Nádv. (Chaenotheca) = Chaenotheca chlorella suzai Nádv. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia pusilloides swartziana (Ach.) Körb. (Arthonia astroidea v.) = Arthonia radiata swartziana Ach. (Arthonia) = Arthonia radiata swartzii (Ach.) Körb. (Zeora sordida v.) = Lecanora swartzii ssp. swartzii swartzii (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora glaucoma v.) = Lecanora swartzii ssp. swartzii swartzii (Ach.) Rabenh. (Lecanora sordida v.) = Lecanora swartzii ssp. swartzii swartzii Ach. (Lichen) = Lecanora swartzii ssp. swartzii swartzii Schaer. (Lecidea microphylla v.) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea swartzioidea (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecidea lapicida v.) = Lecidea swartzioidea sychnogonioides Nitschke (Geisleria) = Strigula sychnogonioides (Nitschke) R.C.Harris sylvana (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Bacidia globulosa sylvana Körb. (Biatora) = Bacidia globulosa sylvatica (Ach.) Cromb. (Cladina) = Cladonia arbuscula sylvatica (Ach.) Rabenh. (Cladonia) = Cladonia arbuscula sylvatica Arnold (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia laevata sylvatica (Arnold) Sandst. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia laevata sylvatica (Huds.) Nyl. (Stictina) = Sticta sylvatica sylvatica Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? 176 sylvaticus Huds. (Lichen) = Sticta sylvatica sylvestris Arnold (Biatorina) = Lecania sylvestris sylvestris (Arnold) Lettau (Catillaria) = Lecania sylvestris sylvestris [Nyl. ex] Stizenb. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora rubicunda sylvestris (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora rubicunda sylvicola (Flot.) Müll.Arg. (Biatora) = Micarea sylvicola sylvicola Flot. (Lecidea) = Micarea sylvicola symbalana Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura symmicta (Ach.) A.Massal. (Biatora) = Lecanora symmicta symmicta (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Lecanora symmicta symmicta Ach. (Lecanora varia v.) = Lecanora symmicta symmictella (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatora) = Lecidea symmictella symmictera (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora symmicta v.) = Lecanora symmicta symmictera Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora symmicta symmictiza (Nyl.) Hedl. (Lecanora)= Lecanora hypoptella (Nyl.) Grummann symmictiza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecanora hypoptella (Nyl.) Grummann sympagaea (Ach.) Sandst. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca flavescens sympagaea Ach. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca flavescens sympathetica [Taylor ex] Leight. (Lecidea) = Clauzadea monticola symphocarpoides Nyl. (Cladonia) = Cladonia cariosa symphoreus Ach. (Lichen) = Synalissa symphorea symphycarpa Flörke [in F.Weber] (Capitularia) = Cladonia symphycarpia symphycarpea Fr. (Parmeliella microphylla v.) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea symplecta H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Rimularia impavida (Th.Fr.) Hertel & Rambold synalyssum (Ach.) Ach. (Collema) = Synalissa symphorea syncomista Flörke (Lecidea sabuletorum v.) = Myxobilimbia lobulata syncomista (Flörke) Körb. (Bilimbia) = Myxobilimbia lobulata syncomista (Flörke) Th.Fr. (Toninia) = Myxobilimbia lobulata synothea auct. (Lecidea) = Micarea denigrata synothea auct. [non Ach.] (Catillaria) = Micarea denigrata synotheoides Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea synotheoides (Nyl.) Coppins syringea (Ach.) Ach. (Lecanora hagenii v.) = Lecania fuscella syringea (Ach.) Th.Fr. (Lecania) = Lecania fuscella szalatai Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria amara szalatai (Erichsen) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Pertusaria amara v.) = Pertusaria amara szatalae Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera praetextata tabacina A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria tabacina tabacina auct. p.p. [non (DC.) Flagey] (Toninia) = Toninia tristis tabacina (DC.) Flagey [non auct.] (Toninia) = Lecidea silacea tabacina [Ramond ex] DC. [non auct.] (Psora) = Lecidea silacea tabacina sensu A.Massal. (Toninia) = Toninia tristis tabescens Anzi (Celidium) = Nesolechia oxyspora/F tabescens Körb. (Biatora) = Lecidella elaeochroma tabidula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea pycnocarpa taborensis Gyeln. (Alectoria ostrobotniae v.) = Bryoria impexa taborensis Gyeln. (Moelleropsis nebulosa f.) = Fuscopannaria leucophaea taeniaeformis Werner (Ramalina maciformis v.) = Ramalina canariensis taeniarum (Malme) V.Wirth & Vĕzda (Fuscidea) = Fuscidea austera taeniata (Ach.) Rabenh. (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea 177 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms taeniata (Anders) Servít (Parmelia molliuscula v.) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis tajmyrensis Malme (Lecidea) = Adelolecia kolaensis talcophila [Ach. ex] Flot. (Lecidea) = Karschia talcophila (Flot.) Körb./F talcophila (Flot.) Körb. (Buellia) = Karschia talcophila (Flot.) Körb./F tangeriense Maheu & A.Gillet (Nephromium) = Nephroma tangeriense tantalea Hepp (Biatora corallinoides v.) = Placynthium tantaleum tantalea (Hepp) Trevis. (Racoblenna) = Placynthium tantaleum tantaleum (Hepp) Arnold (Placynthium nigrum v.) = Placynthium tantaleum taractica auct. (Xanthoparmelia) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis taractica auct. [non Kremp.] (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis tarpatakensis Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia verrucigera tarraconensis Nav.-Ros. [nom.nud.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca lactea tartarea (L.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Ochrolechia tartarea tartarea (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Ochrolechia tartarea tartareus L. (Lichen) = Ochrolechia tartarea tartarina (Nyl.) Keissl. (Metasphaeria) = Sagediopsis campsteriana (Linds.) D.Hawksw. & R.Sant./F tartarina Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Sagediopsis campsteriana (Linds.) D.Hawksw. & R.Sant./F tarvesedis Anzi (Thelotrema) = Polyblastia tarvesedis tatrensis Servít (Placidiopsis) = Placopyrenium tatrense (Servít) Breuss tatrensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. tatrensis Suza (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia conspersa taurica (Wulfen) Hoffm. (Cladonia) = Thamnolia vermicularis v. vermicularis taurica (Wulfen) Röhl. (Cenomyce) = Thamnolia vermicularis v. vermicularis tauricum Szatala (Thalloidima) = Toninia taurica tauriliana (A.Massal.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca sp. tauriliana A.Massal. (Pyrenodesmia) = Caloplaca sp. tauriscorum Zahlbr. (Pertusaria) = Anzina carneonivea v. carneonivea tavaresiana Clauzade & Vĕzda (Lecania) = Lecania suavis tavaresiana H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Japewiella tavaresiana tavastiana H.Magn. (Catillaria) = Adelolecia kolaensis taylorensis M.E.Mitch. (Parmelia) = Hypotrachyna taylorensis taylorii [Carroll ex] Nyl.) Swinscow (Porina) = Strigula taylorii taylorii (Nyl.) Mudd (Arthopyrenia) = Strigula taylorii taylorii (Salwey) Mudd (Lecidea) = Herteliana taylorii (Salwey) P.James tectorum (A.Massal.) J.R.Laundon (Verrucaria viridula f.) = Verrucaria tectorum tectorum (A.Massal.) Jatta (Urceolaria actinostoma v.) = Diploschistes candidissimus tectorum (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Acrorixis actinostoma v.) = Diploschistes candidissimus tectorum A.Massal. (Lecidea contigua v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra tectorum A.Massal. (Limboria actinostoma v.) = Diploschistes candidissimus tectorum A.Massal. [in Anzi] (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria tectorum tectorum Delise [in Duby] (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera praetextata tectorum Knaf (Cladonia) = Cladonia coccifera tegularis auct. [non (Ehrh.) Zahlbr.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca saxicola tegularis (Ehrh.) Sandst. [non auct.] (Caloplaca) = Xanthoria elegans v. elegans tegularum Arnold (Buellia) = Dactylospora tegularum (Arnold) Hafellner/F tegulicola (Nyl.) J.Steiner (Rinodina) = Rinodina occulta tegulicola Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina occulta teicholyta (Ach.) Bausch (Blastenia) = Caloplaca teicholyta teicholyta (Ach.) Trevis. (Kuttlingeria) = Caloplaca teicholyta teicholytum (Ach.) Jatta (Callopisma arenarium v.) = Caloplaca teicholyta teicholytum Ach. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca teicholyta teichophila Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina teichophila teichotea Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora pruinosa telephoroides (Th.Fr.) Arnold (Ochrolechia tartarea v.) = Ochrolechia frigida tellensis Esnault & Cl.Roux (Amygdalaria) = Immersaria uzbekica templetonii Taylor (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia hypnorum templetonii (Taylor) Vain. (Lecidea sanguineoatra v.) = Mycobilimbia hypnorum templetonii (Taylor) Walt.Watson (Biatora atrofusca v.) = Mycobilimbia hypnorum tenax Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? tenax Sw. (Lichen) = Collema tenax tenebrans Nyl. (Lecidea) = Porpidia macrocarpa tenebrata Nyl. (Heppia) = Peltula euploca tenebrica (Nyl.) V.Wirth & Vĕzda (Fuscidea) = Fuscidea lygaea tenebrica Nyl. (Lecidea) = Fuscidea lygaea tenebricosa (A.Massal.) Jatta (Sagedia) = Strigula stigmatella tenebricosa A.Massal. (Porina) = Strigula stigmatella tenebricosa auct. [non Ach.] (Lecidea) = Lecidea erythrophaea tenebrosa (Flot.) Hertel & Poelt (Schaereria) = Schaereria fuscocinerea tenebrosa (Flot.) Körb. (Aspicilia) = Schaereria fuscocinerea tenebrosa (Flot.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Schaereria fuscocinerea tenebrosa Flot. (Lecidea) = Schaereria fuscocinerea tenella (Nyl.) Trevis. (Bohleria) = Placidiopsis tenella tenella (Scop.) Ach. (Borrera) = Physcia tenella tenella (Scop.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Physcia tenella tenella (Scop.) De Not. (Hagenia) = Physcia tenella tenella (Scop.) H.Olivier (Physcia adscendens v.) = Physcia tenella tenella (Scop.) Nyl. (Physcia stellaris v.) = Physcia tenella tenella (Scop.) Spreng. (Parmelia stellaris v.) = Physcia tenella tenellula (Nyl.) de Lesd. (Allarthonia) = Arthonia tenellula tenellum Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium tenellum tenellum (Müll.Arg.) Jatt (Diplotomma geographicum f.) = Rhizocarpon tavaresii ? tenellum (Müll.Arg.) Jatta (Rhizocarpon geographicum f.) = Rhizocarpon tavaresii ? tenellum Nyl. (Endocarpon) = Placidiopsis tenella tenellum Vain. (Spilonema) = Spilonema paradoxum tenellus Scop. (Lichen) = Physcia tenella tenera (Nyl.) Arnold (Biatora) = Cliostomum tenerum tenera (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Lecania) = Cliostomum tenerum tenera Nyl. (Lecanora) = Cliostomum tenerum tenerrima Ach. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta tenerrima Mot. (Alectoria) = Bryoria lanestris teniaeformis Ach. (Ramalina fraxinea v.) = Ramalina fraxinea tenuatula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca polycarpa tenuatula Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca polycarpa tenuatum Nyl. (Placodium) = Caloplaca tenuata tenuifera A.L.Sm. (Porina) = Porina chlorotica tenuifolia (Retz.) R.Howe jr. (Cetraria) = Cetraria ericetorum PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS tenuifolia (Retz.) Vain. (Cetraria islandica v.) = Cetraria ericetorum tenuis Å.E.Dahl (Alectoria) = Bryoria tenuis (Å.E.Dahl.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. tenuis Flörke (Cladonia rangiferina v.) = Cladonia ciliata v. tenuis tenuis (Flörke) Ahti & M.J.Lai (Cladina ciliata v.) = Cladonia ciliata v. tenuis tenuis (Flörke) Ahti (Cladina ciliata f.) = Cladonia ciliata v. tenuis tenuis (Flörke) de Lesd. (Cladina) = Cladonia ciliata v. tenuis tenuis (Flörke) Harm. (Cladonia) = Cladonia ciliata v. tenuis tenuis H.Magn. (Ephebe lanata f.) = Zahlbrucknerella calcarea tenuis (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Physcia pulverulenta v.) = Phaeophyscia constipata tenuispora D.Hawksw. & Poelt (Hastifera) = Micarea cinerea f. tenuispora tenuis Reichert & Galun (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes candidissimus tenuissima (L.) Vain. (Cetraria) = Cetraria aculeata tenuissima (L.) Zahlbr. (Cornicularia) = Cetraria aculeata tenuissimum (Dicks.) Hoffm. (Collema) = Leptogium tenuissimum tenuissimum (Dicks.) Schaer. (Collema atrocaeruleum v.) = Leptogium tenuissimum tenuissimum (Dicks.) Trevis. (Polychidium) = Leptogium tenuissimum tenuissimus Dicks. (Lichen) = Leptogium tenuissimum tenuis (Wahlenb.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca elegans v.) = Xanthoria elegans v. elegans tenuis Werner (Heppia) = Acarospora sp. tephraspis Tuck. (Lecanora) = Rinodina tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre tephrizans Leight. (Lecidea) = Micarea erratica tephroides (Ach.) W.Mann (Dermatocarpon) = Catapyrenium cinereum tephroides Ach. (Verrucaria) = Catapyrenium cinereum terebrata (Hoffm.) Körb. (Imbricaria) = Menegazzia terebrata terebrata (Hoffm.) Martius (Parmelia) = Menegazzia terebrata terebrata Hoffm. (Lobaria) = Menegazzia terebrata teretiuscula (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Physcia dubia v.) = Physcia dubia teretiuscula (Ach.) Lynge (Physcia) = Physcia dubia teretiuscula Ach. (Parmelia caesia v.) = Physcia dubia teretiuscula Wallr. (Parmelia) = Leptogium teretiusculum teretocarpa A.Massal. (Icmadophila aeruginosa v.) = Icmadophila ericetorum tergestina J.Steiner & Zahlbr. (Buellia) = Buellia dispersa terminalis O.F.Müll. (Lichen) = Verrucaria maura terminalis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. ternaria (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecidea.) = Micarea ternaria (Nyl.) Vĕzda ternaria Nyl. (Lecidea sabuletorum f.) = Micarea ternaria (Nyl.) Vĕzda terrenum (Nyl.) Samp (Amphidium) = Epiphloea terrena ? terrenum Nyl. (Leptogium) = Epiphloea terrena terrestris Arnold (Verrucaria acrotella f.) = Verrucaria xyloxena terrestris (Arnold) Vain. [non (Th.Fr.) Tuck.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria xyloxena terrestris auct. [non Schaer.] (Cetraria juniperina v.) = Vulpicida tubulosus terrestris de Lesd. (Verrucaria macrostoma f.) = Verrucaria macrostoma terrestris Körb. (Bilimbia milliaria v.) = Myxobilimbia lobulata terrestris Lam. (Lichen) = Peltigera canina terricola Ach. (Lecanora) = Placynthiella icmalea 178 terricola Anzi (Biatora rupestris v.) = Protoblastenia terricola terricola (Anzi) Hafellner & Türk (Protoblastenia siebenhaariana v.) = Protoblastenia terricola terricola (Anzi) Lindau (Blastenia) = Protoblastenia terricola terricola (Anzi) Th.Fr. (Biatora) = Protoblastenia terricola terricola (Anzi) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Protoblastenia terricola terricola Bagl. (Polyblastia) = Staurothele terricola terricola Flagey (Rinodina controversa v.) = Rinodina guzzinii terrigena (Ach.) P.Syd. (Aphanopsis) = Aphanopsis coenosa terrigena Ach. (Lecidea) = Aphanopsis coenosa terrigena Eitner (Belonia) = Belonia incarnata terrigena (Eitner) Keissl. (Belonia russula v.) = Belonia incarnata terrigena Th.Fr. [in Hellb.] (Pyrenopsis haematopis v.) = Pyrenopsis furfurea (Nyl.) Leight. terrigenum (Th.Fr.) Forssell (Pyrenopsidium) = Pyrenopsis furfurea (Nyl.) Leight. terrigenum Tomin (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium rufescens terrula Hulting (Biatora coarctata ssp.) = Trapelia coarctata terrulentum Nyl. (Collema) = Collema fragrans tersa auct. (Acrocordia) = Acrocordia gemmata tersa auct. [non Körb.] (Arthopyrenia) = Acrocordia gemmata tersa ("Körb.") Trevis. (Leiophloea) = Acrocordia gemmata tersa Körb. [non auct.] (Arthopyrenia) = Anisomeridium biforme tessellata Hoffm. (Aspicilia calcarea f.) = Aspicilia calcarea tesserata (DC.) Th.Fr. (Placographa) = Lithographa tesserata tesserata DC. [in Lam. & DC.] (Opegrapha) = Lithographa tesserata testacea (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Psora testacea testacea (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Psora testacea testacea (Hoffm.) Clauzade & Rondon (Protoblastenia) = Psora testacea testacea (Hoffm.) M.Choisy (Chrysospora) = Psora testacea testacea (Hoffm.) W.Mann (Biatora) = Psora testacea testaceoatra (Vain.) Hertel & Rambold (Tephromela) = Calvitimela testaceoatra (Vain.) Hafellner & Türk testaceoatra Vain. (Lecidea) = Calvitimela testaceoatra (Vain.) Hafellner & Türk testudinea (Ach.) A.Massal. (Acarospora) = Sporastatia testudinea testudinea (Ach.) A.Massal. (Biatorella) = Sporastatia testudinea testudinea (Ach.) Körb. (Sporastatia morio v.) = Sporastatia testudinea testudinea Ach. (Lecidea cechumena v.) = Sporastatia testudinea tetragonoides Anzi (Collema) = Collema ceraniscum tetragonoides (Anzi) Lettau (Leptogium) = Collema ceraniscum tetramera (De Not.) Coppins (Bacidia) = Mycobilimbia tetramera tetramera De Not. (Bilimbia) = Mycobilimbia tetramera tetramerum (Vain.) Vain. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum tetraspora (Jatta) Jatta (Buellia) = ? tetraspora (Nyl.) Rehm (Blastenia) = Caloplaca tetraspora tetraspora Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca tetraspora tetraspora Th.Fr. (Pertusaria leioplaca v.) = Pertusaria leioplaca tetrasticha (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca ochracea tetrastichum (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Placodium) = Caloplaca ochracea tetrastichum (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Callopisma) = Caloplaca ochracea thallincola de Lesd. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha celtidicola 179 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms thallincola Wedd. (Lecanora murorum v.) = Caloplaca thallincola thallincolum (Wedd.) H.Olivier (Placodium) = Caloplaca thallincola thallincolum (Wedd.) Walt.Watson (Placodium callopismum f.) = Caloplaca thallincola thallophila (Cooke) Sacc. (Epicymathia) = Anisomeridium biforme thallophila H.Magn. (Lecania) = Halecania alpivaga thamnodes (Flot.) Arnold (Evernia) = Evernia mesomorpha thamnodes (Flot.) Hue (Letharia) = Evernia mesomorpha thamnodes Flot. (Evernia prunastri v.) = Evernia mesomorpha theiodes (Sommerf.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina theiodes Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina theleodes Sommerf. (Verrucaria) = Polyblastia theleodes thelostoma [Ach. ex] Harriman [in Winch & al.] (Verrucaria) = Thrombium thelostomum thelostoma (Flot.) A.Massal. (Segestria) = Porina lectissima thelothremoides (Nyl.) Kremp. (Gyalecta) = Gyalecta hypoleuca thelotremella (Bagl.) Vĕzda (Petractis) = Gyalecta thelotremella theobromina Hue (Acarospora) = Acarospora cervina thiodes (Spreng.) Trevis. (Patellaria frustulosa v.) = Lecanora argopholis thiodes Spreng. (Lecanora) = Lecanora argopholis thouarsii (Delise) Degel. (Pseudocyphellaria) = Pseudocyphellaria intricata (Delise) Vain. thrausta Ach. (Alectoria) = Ramalina thrausta thrombioides A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria macrostoma thulensis Th.Fr. (Alectoria) = Alectoria nigricans thulensis Th.Fr. (Lecanora) = Lecanora contractula thyreophora (Ach.) Röhl. (Cetraria) = Cetraria islandica thyrsoidea (Delise) A.Massal. (Cladonia furcata f.) = Cladonia furcata thysanoeum ("Ach.") Hepp (Synechoblastus vespertilio v.) = Collema nigrescens tiburtina Jatta (Opegrapha rupestris v.) = Opegrapha mougeotii tichothecioides Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema tichothecioides (Arnold) R.C.Harris tichothecioides Arnold (Arthopyrenia) = Pyrenocollema tichothecioides ticinensis (De Not.) Jatta (Peltigera) = Peltigera horizontalis ? ticinensis De Not. (Peltigera horizontalis v.) = Peltigera horizontalis ticinensis (Mereschk.) Frey (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia insignis tigillare (Ach.) Gray (Acolium) = Cyphelium tigillare tigillaris (Ach.) Fr. (Trachylia) = Cyphelium tigillare tigillaris Ach. (Lichen) = Cyphelium tigillare tigrina Ach. (Lecanora cinerea v.) = Aspicilia cinerea tilesii auct. [non Ach.] (Cetraria) = Vulpicida tubulosus tiliacea auct. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha atra tiliacea (Hoffm.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Parmelina tiliacea tiliacea (Hoffm.) DC. (Imbricaria) = Parmelina tiliacea tiliaceus Hoffm. (Lichen) = Parmelina tiliacea tiliaecola A.Massal. (Arthopyrenia persoonii f.) = Naetrocymbe punctiformis tiliaecola [Anzi ex] Garov. (Arthopyrenia rhyponta f.) = Naetrocymbe rhyponta tinctina (Maheu & A.Gillet) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Parmelia conspersa ssp.) = Xanthoparmelia tinctina tinctina Maheu & A.Gillet (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia tinctina tinctoria auct.ital. [non DC.] (Roccella) = Roccella spp. tinctoria auct.ital. p.p. (Ramalina) = Ramalina capitata v. capitata tinctoria auct.ital. p.p. (Ramalina) = Ramalina polymorpha tinei sensu Runemark p.p. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon geographicum tinei (Tornab.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Rhizocarpon geographicum ssp.) = Rhizocarpon tinei tinei Tornab. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon tinei tirolica Vain. (Lecidea) = Adelolecia pilati tiroliensis Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia tiroliensis (Erichsen) Hafellner & Türk tiroliensis (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora nitrophila v.) = Acarospora nitrophila tiroliensis H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nitrophila tiroliensis Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria margacea tiruncula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Thyrea) = Peccania tiruncula tiruncula Nyl. (Omphalaria) = Peccania tiruncula titanophila Garov. (Verrucaria conoidea v.) = Acrocordia conoidea toepfferi Stein (Thalloedema) = Toninia toepfferi tokajensis Gyeln. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia tinctina tomentosum (Hoffm.) Flot. (Nephroma) = Nephroma resupinatum tomentosum (Hoffm.) Körb. (Mallotium) = Leptogium saturninum tomentosum (Hoffm.) Nyl. (Nephromium) = Nephroma resupinatum tomentosum (Hoffm.) Rabenh. (Nephroma resupinatum v.) = Nephroma resupinatum tominii Oksner (Parmelia) = Melanelia tominii tominii Räsänen (Usnea) = Usnea florida tongletii Hue (Lecanora) = Acarospora tongletii toniniana (A.Massal.) Jatta (Biatorina) = Toninia toniniana toninianum (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Thalloidima) = Toninia toniniana toninianum A.Massal. (Thalloidima mammillare v.) = Toninia toniniana torellii Anzi (Biatora) = Ainioa mooreana torellii (Anzi) Hertel (Trapelia) = Ainioa mooreana torellii (Anzi) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Ainioa mooreana tornata Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria cylindrica v. tornata tornensis H.Magn. (Bacidia) = Stereocaulon tornense (H.Magn.) P.James & Purvis tornensis H.Magn. (Lecania) = Halecania tornensis (H.Magn.) M.Mayrhofer tornoënsis (Nyl.) R.A.Anderson (Mycoblastus) = Japewia tornoënsis tornoënsis (Nyl.) Th.Fr. (Biatora) = Japewia tornoënsis tornoënsis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Japewia tornoënsis torquata (Fr.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia sp. ? torquata Nyl. (Parmelia) = Protoparmelia sp. ? torrefacta (Lightf.) Cromb. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria torrefacta torrefacta (Lightf.) Frey (Gyrophora erosa v.) = Umbilicaria torrefacta torrefacta (Lightf.) Frey (Umbilicaria erosa v.) = Umbilicaria torrefacta torrefactus Lightf. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria torrefacta torrida (Ach.) Nyl. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria torrefacta tortilis Sambo (Alectoria sarmentosa v.) = Alectoria sarmentosa tortuosa De Not. (Usnea) = Usnea scabrata ? torulosa [A.Massal. ex] Jatta (Ramalina fastigiata v.) = Ramalina fastigiata torulosa Flot. (Lecanora atra v.) = Tephromela atra v. torulosa PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS torulosa Hillmann (Xanthoria candelaria v.) = Xanthoria candelaria torvula (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell (Biatorella) = Strangospora torvula (Nyl.) R.A.Anderson toscanica Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. toubkalensis Werner (Lecanora) = Aspicilia esculenta trabalis (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora symmicta trabicola Erichsen (Lecidea) = Lecidea fuscoatra trabinellum (Ach.) Schaer. (Calicium adspersum v.) = Calicium trabinellum trabinellum Ach. (Calicium xylonellum v.) = Calicium trabinellum trachelinum (Ach.) Ach. (Calicium) = Calicium salicinum trachitica A.Massal. (Lecanora subfusca v.) = Lecanora campestris ? trachona (Ach.) Körb. (Biatora) = Bacidia trachona trachona (Ach.) Trevis. (Bilimbia) = Bacidia trachona trachona Ach. (Verrucaria) = Bacidia trachona trachselii Schaer. (Collema) = Collema tenax trachylina Nyl. (Lecidea) = Placynthiella icmalea trachylioides auct. p.p. [non (Branth & Rostr.) Erichsen in Keissl.] (Cyphelium) = Cyphelium tigillare trachylioides Nyl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia arthonioides trachyna (Ach.) Körb. (Cladonia degenerans v.) = Cladonia phyllophora trachyna (Ach.) Nyl. (Cladonia) = Cladonia phyllophora trachynodes Norman (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura trachyphyllum Tuck. (Placodium elegans v.) = Caloplaca trachyphylla (Tuck.) Zahlbr. trachytera ([Nyl. ex] Vain.) Henssen (Ephebe) = Ephebe perspinulosa trachytica (A.Massal.) Jatta (Urceolaria actinostoma v.) = Diploschistes actinostomus trachytica A.Massal. (Lecanora pallida v.) = Lecanora subcarnea trachytica A.Massal. (Limboria actinostoma f.) = Diploschistes actinostomus trachytica A.Massal. (Mischoblastia lecanorina v.) = Rinodina trachytica trachytica Flagey [non (A.Massal.) Arnold] (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia intermutans trachytica (Hazsl.) Servít (Placidiopsis) = Placopyrenium trachyticum trachyticola Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. trachyticum (Hazsl.) R.Sant. (Catapyrenium) = Placopyrenium trachyticum trachyticum (Hazsl.) Vain. (Dermatocarpon) = Placopyrenium trachyticum trachyticum Hazsl. (Endopyrenium) = Placopyrenium trachyticum trajectum [Nyl. ex] Salwey (Calicium) = Stenocybe septata transcendens (Nyl.) Arnold (Lecanora) = Lecanora cenisia transitoria Arnold (Lecidea) = Melanolecia transitoria transitoria (Arnold) Hertel (Tremolecia) = Melanolecia transitoria transsylvanica (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Rinodina) = Rinodina zwackhiana transsylvanica Nyl. (Lecanora) = Rinodina zwackhiana transtagana (Welw.) Hue (Acarospora) = Acarospora schleicheri transtagana Welw. (Lecanora) = Acarospora schleicheri trapeziforme auct. p.p. (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium lacinulatum trapeziforme auct. p.p. (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium squamulosum 180 trapeziforme (J.Koenig) Trevis. [non auct.] (Endocarpon) = Endocarpon pusillum trapeziforme sensu A.Massal. (Placidium rufescens v.) = Placidium lacinulatum trechalea (Nyl.) Arnold (Sagedia) = Porina mammillosa treicheliana (Stein) Kalb (Chaenothecopsis) = Chaenothecopsis hospitans treichelianum Stein (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis hospitans tremelloides auct. (Leptogium) = Leptogium cyanescens tremelloides (L.fil.) Gray [nom.illegit.non auct.] (Leptogium) = Leptogium cochleatum tremelloides Weiss (Lichen) = Leptogium lichenoides tremniaca A.Massal. (Racoblenna) = Placynthium nigrum ? tremniacense (A.Massal.) J.Steiner (Dermatocarpon) = Involucropyrenium tremniacense tremniacense (A.Massal.) Servít (Involucrocarpon) = Involucropyrenium tremniacense tremniacense A.Massal. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca sp. tremniacense A.Massal. (Catapyrenium) = Involucropyrenium tremniacense tremniacense A.Massal. [nom.nud.] (Collema) = Placynthium nigrum tremniacensis (A.Massal.) Jatta (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca sp. tremniacensis (A.Massal.) Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Involucropyrenium tremniacense tremniacum (A.Massal.) Jatta (Placynthium) = Placynthium nigrum ? tremulae auct.ital. p.p. [non Körb.] (Leptorhaphis) = Leptorhaphis atomaria tremulae (Körb.) A.Massal. (Campylacia) = Leptorhaphis tremulae Körb./F tremulae (Körb.) Anzi (Sagedia) = Leptorhaphis tremulae Körb./F tremulae (Körb.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Leptorhaphis tremulae Körb./F tremulans (Leight.) Trevis. (Opegrapha scripta f.) = Graphis scripta tremulicola (Nyl.) Lynge (Physcia nigricans v.) = Phaeophyscia nigricans tremulicola Nyl. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia nigricans trevisani (Hepp) Körb. [non auct.] (Rinodina) = Rinodina archaea trevisanii A.Massal. (Lecanora) = Lecanora subcarnea trevisanii auct. [non (Hepp) Körb.] (Rinodina) = Rinodina orculata trevisanii (Hepp) A.Massal. [non auct.] (Diploicia) = Rinodina archaea tribacella Nyl. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia nigricans tribacia Ach. (Lecanora) = Physcia tribacia tribacia auct. p.p. [non (Ach.) Nyl.] (Physcia) = Physcia dubia trichiale (Ach.) De Not. (Cyphelium) = Chaenotheca trichialis trichiale (Ach.) Trevis. (Phacotium) = Chaenotheca trichialis trichiale Ach. (Calicium) = Chaenotheca trichialis trichogena Norman (Lecidea) = Steinia geophana tricholomum sensu Lettau [non (Mont.) Zahlbr.] (Byssoloma) = Byssoloma subdiscordans trichotera Hue (Parmelia perlata v.) = Parmotrema chinense trichotera (Hue) (Parmelia) = Parmotrema chinense tricolor auct. (Biatorina) = Cliostomum griffithii tricolor auct. [non (With.) Th.Fr.] (Catillaria) = Cliostomum griffithii tricolor de Lesd. (Placolecanora crassa v.) = Squamarina periculosa tricolor sensu Nyl. (Lecidea) = Cliostomum griffithii trifracta J.Steiner (Buellia) = Buellia geophila 181 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms trifurcata [Hepp ex] Müll.Arg. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha calcarea triphragmia auct. [non (Nyl.) Arnold] (Buellia) = Buellia triseptata triphragmia auct. [non Nyl.] (Lecidea)= Buellia triseptata triphragmia (Nyl.) Arnold [non auct.] (Buellia) = Buellia geophila triphragmia Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia geophila triphragmioides Anzi (Buellia) = Diplotomma triphragmioides triphragmium (Nyl.) Szatala (Diplotomma) = Buellia geophila triplicans (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Mycobilimbia tetramera triptophylla (Ach.) A.Massal. (Pannaria) = Parmeliella triptophylla triptophylla (Ach.) Gyeln. (Parmeliella corallinoides v.) = Parmeliella triptophylla triptophylla (Ach.) Link (Lecanora) = Parmeliella triptophylla triptophylla Ach. (Lecidea) = Parmeliella triptophylla triptophylliza (Nyl.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Parmeliella) = ? triptophylliza Nyl. (Pannaria) = ? trisepta (Hellb.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia subviridescens v.) = Micarea peliocarpa trisepta (Hellb.) Wetmore (Micarea) = Micarea peliocarpa trisepta (Hellb.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Micarea peliocarpa trisepta Hellb. (Bilimbia) = Micarea peliocarpa trisepta Hellb. (Lecidea) = Micarea peliocarpa trisepta Müll.Arg. [nom.inval.] (Biatora) = Micarea peliocarpa triseptata (Nyl.) Vĕzda (Acrocordia) = Lithothelium triseptatum triseptata Nyl. (Verrucaria conoidea v.) = Lithothelium triseptatum triseptatula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Micarea peliocarpa triseptatuloides (Harm.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Micarea peliocarpa triseptatuloides Harm. (Lecidea) = Micarea peliocarpa triseptatum H.Magn. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum triseptatum (Nyl.) Hue (Placynthium nigrum v.) = Placynthium nigrum triseptatum (Nyl.) Trevis. (Spermatodium) = Lithothelium triseptatum triseptatum (Nyl.) Vain. (Placynthium) = Placynthium nigrum triste Körb. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis tristis (Körb.) Titov/F triste ([Weber ex] F.H.Wigg.) Nyl. (Platysma) = Cornicularia normoerica tristicula (Nyl.) Arnold (Polyblastia) = Agonimia tristicula tristicula Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Agonimia tristicula tristiculum (Nyl.) Arnold (Sporodictyon) = Agonimia tristicula tristior (Nyl.) Hellb. (Biatora fusca v.) = Mycobilimbia hypnorum tristior (Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia chlorococca v.) = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum tristis (F.H.Wigg.) Ach. (Cornicularia) = Cornicularia normoerica tristis (F.H.Wigg.) Anzi (Imbricaria) = Cornicularia normoerica tristis (F.H.Wigg.) Fr. (Cetraria) = Cornicularia normoerica tristis (F.H.Wigg.) Spreng. (Parmelia) = Cornicularia normoerica tristis (F.H.Wigg.) Th.Fr. (Alectoria) = Cornicularia normoerica tristis [Kremp. ex] A.Massal. (Lithoicea) = Verrucaria tristis tristis (Müll.Arg.) Arnold (Catillaria) = Toninia subnitida tristis (Müll.Arg.) Hafellner (Kiliasia) = Toninia subnitida tristis Müll.Arg. (Patellaria) = Toninia subnitida tristis Th.Fr. (Pannaria lepidiota v.) = Fuscopannaria praetermissa tristis Th.Fr. (Psora tabacina v.) = Toninia tristis trivialis [Willey ex] Tuck. (Gyalecta geoica f.) = Absconditella trivialis (Tuck.) Vĕzda trochodes (Leight.) Cromb. (Lecidea) = Rimularia limborina trochodes [Taylor ex] Leight. (Opegrapha saxigena v.) = Rimularia limborina tromsoeënsis H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia tromsoeënsis (H.Magn.) Räsänen tromsoeënsis Norman (Acarospora) = Polysporina lapponica trullisata Arnold (Lecidea platycarpa f.) = Porpidia zeoroides trullisata (Arnold) Arnold (Lecidea platycarpa v.) = Porpidia zeoroides trullisata (Arnold) Hertel (Huilia macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia zeoroides trullisata (Arnold) Mig. (Lecidea macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia zeoroides trullisata (Kremp.) Anzi (Lecidea) = Porpidia trullisata trullisata (Kremp.) Arnold (Lecidea contigua v.) = Porpidia trullisata trullisata (Kremp.) Arnold (Lecidea speirea v.) = Porpidia trullisata trullisata (Kremp.) Stein [in Cohn] (Lecidea speirea f.) = Porpidia trullisata trullisatum Kremp. (Diplotomma) = Porpidia trullisata truncata (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Acarospora) = Acarospora murorum truncata A.Massal. (Biatorella) = Acarospora murorum truncatula Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria caerulea truncigena Ach. (Gyalecta wahlenbergiana v.) = Gyalecta truncigena trunciseda Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Xylographa trunciseda trypetheliza (Nyl.) Vain. (Norrlinia) = Cercidospora trypetheliza (Nyl.) Hafellner & Obermayer/F trypetheliza Nyl. (Lecidea) = Cercidospora trypetheliza (Nyl.) Hafellner & Obermayer/F tubaeformis Hilitzer (Cetraria islandica f.) = Cetraria islandica tubaeformis Hoffm. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia fimbriata tubaeformis (Wallr.) Flot. (Cladonia bellidiflora v.) = Cladonia bellidiflora tuberculata (Erichsen) Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria albescens tuberculata Motyka (Usnea dasypoga ssp.) = Usnea filipendula tuberculata (Motyka) Räsänen (Usnea dasypoga v.) = Usnea filipendula tuberculata Sommerf. (Lecidea) = Micarea tuberculata tuberculatus Werner (Diploschistes ocellatus v.) = Diploschistes ocellatus tuberculatus Werner (Teloschistes villosus f.) = Teloschistes villosus tuberculosa Fée (Lecidea) = Megalospora pachycarpa tuberculosa (Fée) A.Massal. s.lat. (Bombyliospora) = Megalospora pachycarpa tuberculosa (Fée) Trevis. s.lat. (Bacidia) = Megalospora pachycarpa tuberculosa (Sm.) P.James (Huilia) = Porpidia tuberculosa tuberculosum Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Spiloma) = Porpidia tuberculosa tubulosa (Schaer.) Bitter (Parmelia) = Hypogymnia tubulosa tubulosa (Schaer.) Zopf (Cetraria) = Vulpicida tubulosus tubulosa Schaer. (Cetraria juniperina v.) = Vulpicida tubulosus tubulosa Schaer. (Parmelia physodes v.) = Hypogymnia tubulosa tumida (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Lecidea confluens v.) = Porpidia tuberculosa tumida (A.Massal.) Arnold (Lecidea contigua f.) = Porpidia tuberculosa PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS tumida (A.Massal.) Arnold (Lecidea sorediza f.) = Porpidia tuberculosa tumida (A.Massal.) Bagl. (Buellia) = Buellia dispersa tumida (A.Massal.) Stein (Lecidea macrocarpa v.) = Porpidia tuberculosa tumida (A.Massal.) Stein (Lecidea platycarpa v.) = Porpidia tuberculosa tumida A.Massal. (Buellia italica v.) = Buellia dispersa tumida A.Massal. (Lecidea) = Porpidia tuberculosa tumida Anzi (Haplographa) = Lithographa tesserata tumida (Anzi) Ozenda & Clauzade (Lithographa) = Lithographa tesserata tumidior (Nyl.) Vain. (Lecidea) = Miriquidica obnubila (Th.Fr. & Hellb.) Hertel & Rambold tumidula A.Massal. (Buellia punctiformis v.) = Amandinea punctataù tumidula (A.Massal.) Jatta (Buellia punctata v.) = Amandinea punctata tumidula (Ach.) Ach. (Arthonia) = Arthonia cinnabarina tumidula auct. [non (Pers.) Arnold] (Ochrolechia parella v.) = Ochrolechia pallescens tumidula Bagl. (Lecanora sulphurea v.) = Lecanora sulphurea tumidula Erichsen (Pertusaria) = Ochrolechia erichsenii Hafellner tumidula Flot. (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma tumidula (Pers.) Arnold [non auct.] (Ochrolechia parella v.) = Lecanora intumescens tumidula (Pers.) Arnold [non auct.] (Ochrolechia) = Lecanora intumescens tumidula (Sm.) A.L.Sm. (Biatorina) = Toninia tumidula tumidulum Ach. (Spiloma) = Arthonia cinnabarina tumidulum (Sm.) Szatala (Thalloidima) = Toninia tumidula tumidulus Sm. (Lichen) = Toninia tumidula tunaeformis Ach. (Lichen) = Collema fuscovirens tuniforme (Ach.) Ach. (Collema) = Collema fuscovirens turbinatum Pers. (Calicium) = Sphinctrina turbinata turfacea Rehm (Cladonia squamosa v.) = Cladonia squamosa turfacea (Wahlenb.) Hepp (Psora) = Rinodina turfacea turfacea (Wahlenb.) Trevis. (Berengeria) = Rinodina turfacea turfaceus Wahlenb. (Lichen) = Rinodina turfacea turfosa (A.Massal.) Jatta (Lecidea) = Micarea turfosa turfosa A.Massal. (Biatora) = Micarea turfosa turfosus (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Oedemocarpus) = Micarea turfosa turgescens H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina pruinella turgianum Pollini (Endocarpon) = Mycobilimbia lurida turgida (A.Massal.) A.Massal. [in Beltr.] (Aplotomma) = Buellia griseovirens turgida (A.Massal.) Lettau (Buellia) = Buellia griseovirens turgida A.Massal. (Physcia pusilla v.) = Caloplaca saxicola turgida ("Ach.") Schaer. [non Collema turgidum Ach.] (Parmelia) = Collema multipartitum turgida (Ach.) Ach. (Lecidea albocaerulescens v.) = Stenhammarella turgida turgida (Ach.) D.Dietr. (Lecidea) = Stenhammarella turgida turgida (Ach.) Körb. (Stenhammara) = Stenhammarella turgida turgida (Ach.) Nyl. (Heppia) = Gloeoheppia turgida turgida (Ach.) Schaer. (Lecidea calcaria v.) = Stenhammarella turgida turgida Ach. (Biatora) = Stenhammarella turgida turgida Anzi (Psora fumosa v.) = Lecidea fuscoatra turgida (Körb.) Hellb. (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum turgida (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Bacidia umbrina v.) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum turgida (Schaer.) Arnold (Xanthoria parietina v.) = Caloplaca lobulata 182 turgida (Schaer.) Mong. (Physcia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia distorta turgida Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. turgida Wedd. (Lecanora confragosa v.) = Rinodina beccariana turgidella Vain. (Staurothele) = Staurothele areolata ? turgidula (Fr.) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidea turgidula turgidula (Fr.) Nyl. (Biatora) = Lecidea turgidula turgidulus (Fr.) Trevis. (Oedemocarpus) = Lecidea turgidula turgidum A.Massal. (Diplotomma) = Buellia griseovirens turgidum ("Ach.") A.Massal. (Lethagrium) = Collema multipartitum turgidum (Ach.) Cromb. (Leptogium) = Leptogium schraderi ? turgidum Ach. (Endocarpon) = Gloeoheppia turgida turgidum Körb. (Scoliciosporum) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum turgidum sensu Hepp (Collema) = Collema tenax turgidum Servít (Dermatocarpon) = Endocarpon sp. turgidus ("Ach.") Körb. (Synechoblastus) = Collema multipartitum turgidus Eitner (Catocarpus seductus v.) = Rhizocarpon cinereovirens (Müll.Arg.) Vain. turicensis Hepp (Biatora) = Lecania turicensis turicensis (Hepp) Anzi (Biatorina rabenhorstii v.) = Lecania turicensis turicensis (Hepp) Jatta (Lecaniella rabenhorstii v.) = Lecania turicensis turicensis Zschacke [non (G.Winter) Stizenb.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria praetermissa turneriana (Ach.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca atroflava turnerianum (Ach.) A.L.Sm. (Placodium) = Caloplaca atroflava turneri (Leight.) A.L.Sm. (Bilimbia) = Toninia aromatica turneri (Leight.) H.Olivier (Toninia) = Toninia aromatica turneri Leight. (Lecidea) = Toninia aromatica turneri Leight. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha culmigena turneri (Sm.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Ochrolechia turneri turneri (Sm.) Arnold (Ochrolechia parella v.) = Ochrolechia turneri turneri (Sm.) Körb. (Ochrolechia pallescens v.) = Ochrolechia turneri turneri (Sm.) Nyl. (Lecanora parella v.) = Ochrolechia turneri turneri (Sm.) Verseghy (Ochrolechia alboflavescens v.) = Ochrolechia turneri turneri Sm. [in Sm. & Sowerby] (Lichen) = Ochrolechia turneri turocensis Gyeln. (Parmelia rosiformis f.) = Parmelia sulcata turocensis Gyeln. (Pertusaria lactea ssp.) = Pertusaria lactea tympanelloides Arnold (Rinodina) = Rinodina atrocinerea tympanelloides Bagl. (Rinodina beccariana v.) = Rinodina beccariana tympanellum (Ach.) Ach. (Cyphelium) = Cyphelium inquinans tympanellum (Ach.) Gray (Acolium) = Cyphelium inquinans tympanellum Ach. (Calicium) = Cyphelium inquinans tynnocarpa (Ach.) A.Massal. (Arthonia astroidea v.) = Arthonia radiata typica Gyeln. (Peltigera scutata v.) = Peltigera collina typica Motyka (Usnea glauca v.) = Usnea rigida typica Motyka (Usnea hirta v.) = Usnea hirta typica Vain. (Usnea longissima v.) = Usnea longissima typica Zschacke (Verrucaria hochstetteri v.) = Verrucaria hochstetteri typographica (Willd.) Zahlbr. (Graphis scripta v.) = Graphis scripta tyreophora (Ach.) Röhl. (Cetraria) = Cetraria islandica tyrolensis (Arnold) Servít (Amphoroblastia) = Polyblastia dermatodes tyroliense (Nyl.) Arnold (Stereocaulon alpinum v.) = Stereocaulon nanodes 183 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms tyroliense (Nyl.) I.M.Lamb (Stereocaulon nanodes f.) = Stereocaulon nanodes tyroliense (Nyl.) Lettau (Stereocaulon) = Stereocaulon nanodes tyroliensis H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nitrophila ? tyroliensis Szatala (Melaspilea) = ? uberinum A.Massal. (Amphoridium) = Thelidium decipiens uberiuscula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Buellia uberiuscula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. ulbensis Zahlbr. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca cretensis uliginosa (Schrad.) Ach. [non sensu Vain.] (Lecidea) = Placynthiella uliginosa uliginosa (Schrad.) Fr. (Biatora) = Placynthiella uliginosa uliginosa (Schrad.) Hafellner (Saccomorpha) = Placynthiella uliginosa uliginosa sensu Vain. et auct. [non (Schrad.) Ach.] (Lecidea) = Placynthiella oligotropha uliginosus Schrad. (Lichen) = Placynthiella uliginosa ulmi (Sw.) Arnold (Phialopsis) = Gyalecta ulmi ulmi Sw. (Lichen) = Gyalecta ulmi ulophylla (Ach.) F.Wilson (Parmelia) = Punctelia ulophylla ulophylla (Ach.) Harm. (Parmelia dubia v.) = Punctelia ulophylla ulophylla (Ach.) Nyl. (Parmelia borreri v.) = Punctelia ulophylla ulophylla (Ach.) Rebent. (Cetraria) = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla ulophylla Ach. (Parmelia caperata v.) = Punctelia ulophylla ulophylla (Nyl.) Arnold (Xanthoria) = Xanthoria fallax ulophylla (Wallr.) Körb. (Cetraria glauca v.) = Platismatia glauca ulophyllodes (Vain.) Savicz (Parmelia) = Flavopunctelia soredica ulophyllum (Ach.) Nyl. (Platysma) = Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla ulorrhiza Flörke (Peltidea) = Peltigera rufescens ulothrix (Ach.) A.Massal. (Anaptychia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia ciliata ulothrix (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia ciliata ulothrix Ach. [non Hoffm.] (Lichen) = Phaeophyscia ciliata ultima Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Cephalophysis leucospila umbellifera Delise (Cladonia cariosa v.) = Cladonia cariosa umbellifera (L.) Quél. (Omphalina) = Omphalina ericetorum umbellifera (L.:Fr.) P.Kumm. (Omphalia) = Omphalina ericetorum umbelliferus L.:Fr. (Agaricus) = Omphalina ericetorum umbilicariae Linds. (Microthelia) = Polycoccum umbilicariae (Linds.) D.Hawks./F umbilicata Ramond (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum umbilicata (Ramond) Nyl. (Lecidea petraea v.) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum umbilicata (Ramond) V.Wirth (Siegertia) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum umbilicata Vĕzda (Forssellia) = Pterygiopsis umbilicata (Vĕzda) Henssen umbilicatum (Schaer.) Vain. (Dermatocarpon miniatum v.) = Dermatocarpon miniatum umbilicatum Th.Fr. (Thelidium) = Thelidium papulare umbonata Ach. (Pyrenula) = Thrombium thelostomum umbonata (Garov.) Jatta (Sagedia) = Porina lectissima umbonata (Garov.) Körb. (Segestrella) = Porina lectissima umbonata Garov. (Verrucaria) = Porina lectissima umbonata Hepp (Biatora) = Lecidea umbonata umbonata (Hepp) Körb. (Lecidella) = Lecidea umbonata umbonatula Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rimularia badioatra umbonella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Cecidonia umbonella umboniza Nádv. (Lecidea) = Lecidea umbonata umbratica Arnold (Biatorina proteiformis f.) = Lecania sylvestris v. umbratica umbratica (Arnold) Nyl. (Lecanora erysibe f.) = Lecania sylvestris v. umbratica umbratica (Arnold) Zahlbr. (Lecania erysibe f.) = Lecania sylvestris v. umbratica umbratica Vain. (Lecanora decipiens f.) = Caloplaca decipiens umbraticula (Nyl.) P.James (Catillaria) = Lecania cuprea umbratilis Arnold (Lecidella) = Adelolecia kolaensis umbratilis (Arnold) Arnold (Lecidea conferenda f.) = Adelolecia kolaensis umbratilis (Arnold) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Adelolecia kolaensis umbratula Nyl. (Thelopsis) = Thelopsis melathelia umbricola Tønsberg & Ahti (Cladonia) = Cladonia polydactyla v. umbricola umbriformis (Nyl.) Grummann (Lecanora) = Rimularia badioatra umbriformis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Rimularia badioatra umbrina A.Massal. (Verrucaria nigrescens f.) = Verrucaria sp. umbrina (Ach.) Ach. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria nigrescens umbrina (Ach.) Arnold (Lecanora hagenii v.) = Lecanora umbrina umbrina (Ach.) Bausch (Bacidia) = Scoliciosporum umbrinum umbrina auct. p.p. (Lecanora) = Lecanora dispersa umbrina Coppins & P.James (Lecanactis) = Schismatomma umbrinum (Coppins & P.James) M.Jørg. & Tønsberg umbrina (Wahlenb.) Tuck. (Staurothele) = Staurothele fissa umbrinella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Catillaria) = Catillaria lenticularis umbrinella Nyl. (Lecidea) = Catillaria lenticularis umbrinofusca (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Rinodina) = Buellia aethalea umbrinum Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Clavascidium umbrinum umbrosa (A.Massal.) Jatta (Lecidea) = Lecidella umbrosa umbrosa [Bagl. ex] A.Massal. (Biatora) = Lecidella umbrosa umbrosa O.Behr (Opegrapha) = Enterographa hutchinsiae umbrosa Vĕzda & V.Wirth (Micarea) = Micarea lutulata umbrosum (A.Massal.) A.Massal. [non Arnold] (Thelidium) = Thelidium incavatum umbrosum A.Massal. (Amphoridium) = Thelidium incavatum umbrosum Arnold [non (A.Massal.) A.Massal.] (Thelidium) = Thelidium decipiens umensis H.Magn. (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon polycarpum umensis H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Porpidia crustulata umhausense (Auersw.) Henssen (Polychidium) = Dendriscocaulon umhausense umhausense Auersw. (Cornicularia) = Dendriscocaulon umhausense uncialis L. (Lichen) = Cladonia uncialis ssp. uncialis uncinata auct.p.p. (Cladonia) = Cladonia uncialis uncinata Hoffm. (Cladonia) = Cladonia cenotea ? undata Clauzade (Acarospora) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula undulata H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Anamylopsora pulcherrima (Vain.) Timdal undulatum (Flot.) Poetsch (Lethagrium) = Collema undulatum ungeri (Flot.) Asta, Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Thelidium pyrenophorum f.) = Thelidium papulare ? ungeri Flot. (Thelidium) = Thelidium papulare ? unilocularis Elenkin (Candelariella cerinella v.) = Candelariella unilocularis unilocularis (Elenkin) Zahlbr. (Candelariella aurella v.) = Candelariella unilocularis uplandica H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia uplandica (H.Magn.) Creveld upsaliensis (L.) Ach. (Lecanora parella v.) = Ochrolechia upsaliensis upsaliensis L. (Lichen) = Ochrolechia upsaliensis PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS urbana H.Magn. (Acarospora sordida v.) = Polysporina lapponica urbana Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora albescens urceolariae (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Buellia) = Karschia talcophila (Flot.) Körb./F urceolariae Nyl. (Lecidea) = Karschia talcophila (Flot.) Körb./F urceolaria (Fr.) Wetmore (Lecanora) = Megaspora verrucosa v. verrucosa urceolaria (Nyl.) Erichsen (Melanaria) = Pertusaria lactescens urceolata Anzi (Sarcogyne) = Polysporina urceolata urceolata (Anzi) J.Steiner (Biatorella) = Polysporina urceolata urceolata (Anzi) Jatta (Acarospora) = Polysporina urceolata urceolata Fr. (Lecanactis) = Melaspilea urceolata urceolata Naeg. (Heppia) = Heppia adglutinata urceolata sensu Jatta (Parmelia) = Parmotrema crinitum urceolata (Th.Fr.) Körb. (Leciographa) = Dactylospora urceolata (Th.Fr.) Arnold/F usnea auct.eur. (Ramalina) = Ramalina implexa usneae (Rabenh.) Jatta (Buellia) = Abrothallus usneae Rabenh./F ustulata (Vain.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria hyperborea uvulare Norman (Endocarpon) = Agonimia tristicula uzbekica Hertel (Lecidea) = Immersaria uzbekica vacciniicola Tønsberg (Lecidea) = Biatora vacciniicola (Tønsberg) Printzen vacillans (Th.Fr.) H.Magn. (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca ammiospila vacillans (Th.Fr.) Rostr. (Bacidia) = Arthrorhaphis vacillans vacillans Th.Fr. (Caloplaca ferruginea f.) = Caloplaca ammiospila vagans Müll.Arg. (Buellia) = Amandinea punctata ? vainioanum Nádv (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis vainioana (Nádv) Tibell vainioense Lynge (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon jemtlandicum (Malme) Malme vainioi H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Micarea sylvicola valdobbiensis (Bagl. & Carestia) H.Magn. (Lecanora) = ? valdobbiensis (Bagl. & Carestia) Jatta (Sarcogyne) = ? valdobbiensis (Bagl. & Carestia) Zahlbr. (Biatorella) = ? valentior (Nyl.) Walt.Watson (Biatora) = Lecidea ahlesii valentior Nyl. (Lecidea) = Lecidea ahlesii valerii (Anzi) Jatta (Lecidea) = ? valesiaca (Müll.Arg.) H.Olivier (Squamaria) = Lecanora valesiaca valesiacum Müll.Arg. (Placodium) = Lecanora valesiaca valida (Schaer.) Zahlbr. (Chaenotheca trichialis v.) = Chaenotheca trichialis validiusculum Trevis. (Calicium) = Calicium trabinellum vallesiaca Schaer. (Lecidea) = Psora vallesiaca vallis-flüelae Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria margacea ? vallis-tellinae Anzi (Bilimbia) = Lecania naegelii valparolae Sambo (Alectoria) = Bryoria chalybeiformis valpellinensis (de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia valpellinensis valpellinensis de Lesd. (Lecidea) = Farnoldia micropsis valpellinensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. vapulata Anzi (Lecidea) = Lecidea confluens varangrica (Th.Fr.) Zahlbr. (Placographa) = Lithographa varangrica Th.Fr. varazzana Gyeln. (Parmelia subconspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia protomatrae variabile de Lesd. (Thelidium) = Thelidium papulare ? variabile (Pers.) Hepp (Placodium) = Caloplaca variabilis 184 variabile (Pers.) Trevis. (Callopisma) = Caloplaca variabilis variabilis (Pers.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca variabilis variabilis (Pers.) Körb. (Pyrenodesmia) = Caloplaca variabilis variabilis Pers. (Lichen) = Caloplaca variabilis varia Hoffm. (Patellaria) = Lecanora varia varians auct. (Arthonia) = Arthonia glaucomaria varians auct. [non ("Nyl. ") Arnold] (Celidium) = Arthonia glaucomaria varians Davies non auct. (Lichen) = Lecanora rupicola variata Hue (Parmelia) = Flavopunctelia flaventior varia (Tul.) Jatta (Arthonia) = Opegrapha physciaria varia Tul. (Phacopsis) = Opegrapha physciaria variegata Fr. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. pantherina variegata (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Acarospora tongletii f.) = Acarospora tongletii variegata H.Magn. (Acarospora) = Acarospora tongletii variegata (Samp.) Tav. (Alectoria) = Alectoria ochroleuca variegata Zahlbr. (Caloplaca chalybeia v.) = Caloplaca chalybeia variegatum J.Steiner (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon petraeum varigottiana de Lesd. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. variiformis Nyl. (Arthonia) = Arthonia albopulverea variolarioides (Pers.) Ach. (Thelotrema) = Phlyctis agelaea variolarioides Pers. (Urceolaria) = Phlyctis agelaea variolosa (A.Massal.) Gyeln. (Peltigera leucophlebia f.) = Peltigera leucophlebia variolosa (A.Massal.) Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera leucophlebia variolosa A.Massal. (Peltigera aphthosa v.) = Peltigera leucophlebia variolosa Anzi (Pertusaria fallax v. sulphurea f.) = Pertusaria amarescens variolosa (Flot.) Schaer. (Pertusaria communis v.) = Pertusaria albescens variolosa Flot. (Zeora coarctata v.) = Trapelia coarctata variolosa Fr. (Pertusaria wulfenii v.) = Pertusaria flavida variolosa Motyka (Usnea) = Usnea hirta variolosa Mudd (Pertusaria ceuthocarpa v.) = Pertusaria monogona variolosa sensu Anzi [non Jatta] (Lecanora pallescens v.) = Pertusaria lactea variolosa (Wallr.) Anzi (Lecanora parella f.) = Pertusaria hemisphaerica variolosa (Wallr.) Jatta (Lecanora pallescens f.) = Pertusaria hemisphaerica variolosa (Wallr.) Jatta (Ochrolechia pallescens f.) = Pertusaria hemisphaerica variolosa Wallr. (Parmelia parella v.) = Pertusaria hemisphaerica varium (Tul.) A.Massal. (Celidium) = Opegrapha physciaria vasakii Vĕzda (Bacidia) = Bacidina vasakii vasakii (Vĕzda) Sérus. (Woessia) = Bacidina vasakii velana (A.Massal.) Flagey (Caloplaca aurantiaca v.) = Caloplaca velana velana (A.Massal.) Hue (Lecidea) = Caloplaca velana velana (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria nigrescens velana A.Massal. (Acarospora) = Acarospora cervina velanum (A.Massal.) Anzi (Placodium aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca velana velanum A.Massal. (Callopisma aurantiacum v.) = Caloplaca velana velata (Nyl.) Jatta ("velana") (Arthonia) = Arthonia byssacea velata Th.Fr. (Polyblastia intercedens f.) = Polyblastia velata (Th.Fr.) Vain. velata Turner (Parmelia) = Pertusaria velata 185 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms velebitica Gyeln. (Peltigera polydactyloides v.) = Peltigera neckeri ? velebitica (Zahlbr.) Kušan (Lecanora) = Lobothallia radiosa velebiticum (Zahlbr.) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Placidium velebiticum (Zahlbr.) Breuss & J.Etayo velebiticum Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Placidium velebiticum (Zahlbr.) Breuss & J.Etayo vellea (L.) Ach. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria vellea vellerea Nyl. (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria vellea velleus L. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria vellea velutina Ach. (Lecidea triptophylla v.) = Parmeliella triptophylla velutina Quél. (Omphalina) = Omphalina velutina velutinoides (Hellb.) Servít (Thelidium) = Verrucaria xyloxena velutinoides Hellb. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria xyloxena velutinum (Ach.) Ach. (Collema) = Thermutis velutina velutinum (Ach.) Gray (Polychidium) = Thermutis velutina velutinum (Ach.) Nyl. (Gonionema) = Thermutis velutina velutinum auct. p.p. [non (Bernh.) Körb.] (Thelidium) = Thelidium zwackhii velutinus Ach. (Lichen) = Thermutis velutina venosa (L.) Ach. (Peltidea) = Peltigera venosa venosa (Pers.) A.Massal. (Enterographa) = Enterographa crassa venosa Sm. [non Pers.] (Opegrapha) = Enterographa elaborata venostana Poelt (Caloplaca xerica v.) = Caloplaca xerica venosum (Pers.) Zahlbr. (Chiodecton) = Enterographa crassa venosus L. (Lichen) = Peltigera venosa ventosa (A.Massal.) P.Syd. (Staurothele) = Staurothele hymenogonia ventosa A.Massal. [non Arnold] (Polyblastia) = Staurothele hymenogonia ventosa (L.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Ophioparma ventosum ventosa (L.) Flot. (Zeora) = Ophioparma ventosum ventosa (Lynge) Frey (Physcia caesia v.) = Physcia caesia v. caesia ventosa (Lynge) Sántha (Physcia) = Physcia caesia v. caesia ventosum (L.) A.Massal. (Haematomma) = Ophioparma ventosum ventosum (L.) Trevis. (Lepadolemma) = Ophioparma ventosum ventosus L. (Lichen) = Ophioparma ventosum venusta (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia venusta venusta (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia) = Physconia venusta venusta Ach. (Parmelia) = Physconia venusta venusta (Körb.) Lettau (Buellia) = Diplotomma venustum venusta (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Buellia alboatra v.) = Diplotomma venustum venustula Arnold (Lecidea) = Lecidea confluescens venustum (Körb.) Anzi (Rhizocarpon alboatrum v.) = Diplotomma venustum venustum Körb. [in Rabenh.] (Diplotomma alboatrum v.) = Diplotomma venustum vera Körb. (Verrucaria muralis v.) = Verrucaria muralis vermicellifera Kunze [in Reichenb. & Schub.] (Pyrenothea) = Opegrapha vermicellifera vermicularis (Sw.) DC. (Cladonia) = Thamnolia vermicularis v. vermicularis vermicularis (Sw.) Röhl. (Cenomyce) = Thamnolia vermicularis v. vermicularis vermicularis Sw. (Lichen) = Thamnolia vermicularis v. vermicularis vermifera Nyl. (Lecidea) = Bacidia vermifera vermifera Räsänen (Campylacia psilotera v.) = Leptorhaphis lucida Körb./F vermiferum (Nyl.) Arnold (Scoliciosporum) = Bacidia vermifera vernalis (L.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Biatora vernalis vernalis (L.) Clauzade & Rondon [comb.inval.] (Bacidia) = Biatora vernalis vernalis (L.) M.Choisy (Pyrrhospora) = Biatora vernalis vernalis (L.) Norman (Secoliga) = Biatora vernalis vernalis (L.) Rabenh. (Biatora sphaeroides v.) = Biatora vernalis vernalis (L.) Spreng. (Patellaria) = Biatora vernalis vernalis (L.) Trevis. (Bilimbia) = Biatora vernalis vernalis L. (Lichen) = Biatora vernalis vernalis (Schwein.) Corner (Clavulinopsis) = Multiclavula vernalis (Schwein.) R.H.Petersen vernalis Schwein. (Clavaria) = Multiclavula vernalis (Schwein.) R.H.Petersen verniceum [Graewe ex] Th.Fr. (Thelidium) = Polyblastia gothica Th.Fr. vernicoma Tuck. (Lecidea) = Buellia vernicoma veronense (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria foveolata ? veronense (A.Massal.) Jatta (Anema) = Peltula euploca veronensis (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Thyrea) = Peltula euploca veronensis (A.Massal.) Anzi (Acarospora smaragdula v.) = Acarospora veronensis veronensis A.Massal. (Omphalaria) = Peltula euploca veronensis A.Massal. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria foveolata ? verrucariae [Metzler ex] Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia verrucariae verrucariae (Nyl.) Rehm (Nesolechia) = Toninia verrucariae verrucariarum (Clauzade & Cl.Roux) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca tenuatula ssp.) = Caloplaca polycarpa verrucariarum Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca inconnexa v.) = Caloplaca polycarpa verrucarioides H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina occulta verrucarioides (Nyl.) Nyl. (Lecidea) = Toninia verrucarioides verrucarioides Nyl. (Lecidea aromatica v.) = Toninia verrucarioides verrucicola Wedd. (Verrucaria) = Lichenochora verrucicola (Wedd.) Nik.Hoffm. & Hafellner/F verruciforme (Ach.) Nyl. (Collema) = Collema multipunctatum verruciformis (H.Magn.) Clauzade (Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula v.) = Acarospora smaragdula ssp. smaragdula verrucigera (Hue) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia verrucigera Hue verrucigera (Nyl.) Boistel (Parmelia conspersa v.) = Xanthoparmelia verrucigera verrucigera Nyl. (Parmelia) = Xanthoparmelia verrucigera verrucosa (A.Massal.) Flagey (Toninia) = Toninia lutosa verrucosa (A.Massal.) Jatta (Biatorina) = Toninia lutosa verrucosa (Ach.) A.Massal. (Pachyospora) = Megaspora verrucosa v. verrucosa verrucosa (Ach.) Boistel (Physcia ciliaris f.) = Anaptychia ciliaris verrucosa (Ach.) Körb. (Aspicilia) = Megaspora verrucosa v. verrucosa verrucosa (Ach.) Laurer (Lecanora) = Megaspora verrucosa v. verrucosa verrucosa (Ach.) Norman (Amygdalaria) = Megaspora verrucosa v. verrucosa verrucosa (Ach.) Schaer. (Urceolaria scruposa v.) = Megaspora verrucosa v. verrucosa verrucosa Ach. (Borrera ciliaris v.) = Anaptychia ciliaris verrucosa Ach. (Lecanora) = Megaspora verrucosa v. verrucosa verrucosa Ach. (Peltidea aphthosa v.) = Peltigera aphthosa verrucosa Ach. (Pyrenula) = Polyblastia verrucosa verrucosa (Huds.) Hoffm. (Lobaria) = Lobarina scrobiculata PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS verrucosa (Leight.) J.R.Laundon (Lecanora dispersa f.) = Lecanora albescens verrucosaria Linds. (Microthelia) = Cercidospora verrucosaria (Linds.) Arnold/F verrucosum A.Massal. (Thalloidima) = Toninia lutosa verrucosus Huds. (Lichen) = Lobarina scrobiculata verrucosus Weber (Lichen) = Peltigera aphthosa verrucosus With. (Lichen) = Umbilicaria torrefacta verrucula (Norman) Hedl. (Micarea) = Micarea turfosa verrucula (Norman) Stein (Lecidella) = Micarea turfosa verrucula (Norman) Th.Fr. (Lecidea) = Micarea turfosa verruculifera auct. p.p. [non Nyl.] (Parmelia) = Melanelia subargentifera verruculifera (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Parmelia loxodes v.) = Neofuscelia verruculifera verruculifera Nyl. (Parmelia) = Neofuscelia verruculifera verruculiferum Vain. (Placodium) = Caloplaca verruculifera (Vain.) Zahlbr. verruculosa auct. [non (Sm.) Mudd] (Buellia) = Buellia ocellata verruculosa Bagl. (Lecanora) = Protoparmelia psarophana ? verruculosa Erichsen (Pertusaria corallina v.) = Pertusaria corallina verruculosa Hedl. (Lecidea uliginosa v.) = Placynthiella oligotropha verruculosa sensu H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia verruculosa verruculosa (Sm.) Mudd [non auct.] (Buellia) = Buellia aethalea verruculosa (Th.Fr.) Vain. (Toninia) = Toninia squalida verruculosa Th.Fr. (Toninia cinereovirens v.) = Toninia squalida verruculosum [Hepp ex] Müll.Arg. [non sensu Arnold] (Collema) = Collema conglomeratum verruculosum ("Hepp") Jatta (Leptogium) = Collema ligerinum verruculosum sensu Arnold [non Müll.Arg.] (Collema) = Collema ligerinum versicolor [Caldesi ex] Rabenh. (Blastenia ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca pollinii versicolor Hellb. (Biatorina) = Catillaria lenticularis versicolor Müll.Arg. (Blastenia melanocarpa v.) Caloplaca circumalbata (Del.) Wunder versicolor (Pers.) Flot. (Placodium saxicolum v.) = Lecanora muralis s.str. ? versicolor (Pers.) Frege (Placodium) = Lecanora muralis s.str. ? versicolor (Pers.) Tuck. (Lecanora muralis v.) = Lecanora muralis s.str.? versicolor sensu Garov. (Lecidea ferruginea v.) = Caloplaca pollinii versispora (Bagl. & Carestia) Stizenb. (Verrucaria) = Polycoccum versisporum (Bagl. & Carestia) D.Hawksw./F versispora Bagl. & Carestia (Microthelia) = Polycoccum versisporum (Bagl. & Carestia) D.Hawksw./F verspertilio Lightf. [nom.illegit.] (Lichen) = Collema nigrescens verticillata (Hofffm.) Flot. (Cladonia cervicornis v.) = Cladonia cervicornis ssp. verticillata verticillata (Hoffm.) Ach. (Cenomyce) = Cladonia cervicornis ssp. verticillata verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. (Cladonia) = Cladonia cervicornis ssp. verticillata verticillata Hoffm. (Cladonia) = Cladonia cervicornis ssp. verticillata verum Körb. (Collema cheileum v.) = Collema crispum veselskyi Opiz (Lecanora) = Lecanora varia veselskyi Opiz (Lecidea) = Lecidella elaeochroma vesiculare (Hoffm.) Boistel (Thalloidima) = Toninia sedifolia vesicularis (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Toninia sedifolia vesicularis (Hoffm.) Boistel (Toninia) = Toninia sedifolia 186 vesicularis (Hoffm.) Jatta (Biatorina) = Toninia sedifolia vesicularis Hoffm. (Patellaria) = Toninia sedifolia vesiculosum M.Choisy (Thalloidima) = Toninia sedifolia vespertilio auct. p.p. (Collema) = Collema subnigrescens vespertilio (Lightf.) Hoffm. (Collema) = Collema nigrescens vespertilio (Lightf.) Hoffm. (Synechoblastus) = Collema nigrescens vestita Th.Fr. (Gyrophora hirsuta v.) = Umbilicaria hirsuta vestrogothica H.Magn. (Lecidea) = Lecidea lapicida v. lapicida vesuviana Licop. (Acarospora) = Acarospora umbilicata ? vetustior Del Amo (Parmelia plumbea v.) = Degelia plumbea vexabilis (Nyl.) H.Olivier (Bacidia) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum ? vexabilis Nyl. (Lecidea) = Myxobilimbia sabuletorum ? vexillifera (Nyl.) Stizenb. (Alectoria) = Alectoria sarmentosa ssp. vexillifera (Nyl.) D.Hawksw. vezdae (Coppins & P.James) V.Wirth (Fellhanera) = Fellhaneropsis vezdae vezdae Coppins & P.James (Bacidia) = Fellhaneropsis vezdae viarum (H.Magn.) Zahlbr. (Bacidia) = Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis (Nyl.) P.James & Purvis viarum H.Magn. (Bilimbia) = Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis (Nyl.) P.James & Purvis vicaria Th.Fr. (Lecanora rhypariza ssp.) = Lecanora vicaria (Th.Fr.) Vain. vicinellum Nyl. (Thelocarpon) = Thelocarpon citrum victoris (Harm.) H.Olivier (Rinodina) = Buellia ocellata victoris Harm. (Lecanora) = Buellia ocellata vierhapperi Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon lavatum vierhapperi Zahlbr. (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon reductum villae-lati (A.Massal.) Jatta (Bacidia) = ? villarsii Pollini (Lecanora) = Diploschistes ocellatus villarsii (Pollini) Ach. (Urceolaria) = Diploschistes ocellatus villosa (Ach.) Motyka (Usnea hirta ssp.) = Usnea hirta villosa (Ach.) Räsänen (Usnea hirta v.) = Usnea hirta villosa Ach. (Parmelia) = Teloschistes villosus villosa (Ach.) A.Massal. (Tornabenia) = Teloschistes villosus villosa (Ach.) Duby (Physcia) = Teloschistes villosus villosa (Ach.) Tornab. (Tenorea) = Teloschistes villosus villosa (Ach.) Trevis. (Blasteniospora) = Teloschistes villosus vindobonense (Zschacke) Servít (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria vindobonensis vinorubens Werner (Lecidea) = Porpidia macrocarpa vinosum (Leight.) A.Massal. (Coniangium) = Arthonia vinosa violacea (Arnold) Arnold [non "(Crouan) Arnold"] (Bacidia) = Bacidia laurocerasi violacea de Lesd. (Toninia) = Toninia lutosa violacea (Nyl.) Arnold (Bacidia) = Micarea peliocarpa violacea (Nyl.) Guillaumot (Toninia) = Micarea peliocarpa violacea (Nyl.) Hedl. (Micarea) = Micarea peliocarpa violacea (Nyl.) Th.Fr. [non (Arnold) Arnold] (Bilimbia) = Micarea peliocarpa violacea [P.Crouan & H.Crouan ex] Nyl. [non A.Massal. nom.illegit.] (Lecidea) = Micarea peliocarpa violarius (Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Diploschistes scruposus ssp.) = Diploschistes scruposus violarius (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (Diploschistes) = Diploschistes scruposus violascens H.Magn. (Rinodina) = Rinodina zwackhiana violascens Lynge (Lecidea elata v.) = Farnoldia hypocrita violascens Räsänen (Haematomma lapponicum v.) = Ophioparma lapponicum (Räsänen) Hafellner & R.W.Rogers violascens sensu Poelt [1975, non H.Magn.] (Rinodina) = Rinodina conchophylla violatra A.Massal. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia 187 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms viperae (Zahlbr.) H.Olivier (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca ulcerosa ? viperae Zahlbr. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca ulcerosa ? virella (Ach.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. (Physcia orbicularis v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis virella (Ach.) Flagey (Physcia) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis virella (Ach.) Nyl. (Physcia obscura v.) = Phaeophyscia orbicularis virella Körb. (Rinodina) = Rinodina colobina virellum Nyl. (Calicium) = Cyphelium lucidum virens With. (Lichen) = Lobaria virens virescens Bagl. (Toninia aromatica v.) = Toninia aromatica virescens (Gyeln.) Nádv. (Alectoria implexa v.) = Bryoria capillaris virescens Huds. (Clathrus) = Chaenotheca furfuracea virescens (J.Steiner) Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera degenii virescens Kremp. (Parmelia sinuosa v.) = Hypotrachyna sinuosa virescens (Mont.) Nyl. (Heppia) = Heppia lutosa virescens Mont. (Solorina) = Heppia adglutinata virescens (Schaer.) Hepp (Calicium) = Calicium lenticulare virescens Sm. (Lepraria) = Caloplaca virescens virescens (Zahlbr.) Breuss (Catapyrenium) = Anthracocarpon virescens virescens Zahlbr. (Dermatocarpon) = Anthracocarpon virescens virginea (Hue) Zahlbr. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia virginea Hue virgineum D.Hawksw. & P.James (Schismatomma) = Schismatomma cretaceum virginis (Schaer.) Frey (Gyrophora) = Umbilicaria virginis virginis (Schaer.) Schol. (Omphalodiscus) = Umbilicaria virginis viridans (Flot.) Hepp (Biatora) = Lecidella viridans viridans (Flot.) Lamy (Lecidea) = Lecidella viridans viridans Flot. (Lecidea sabuletorum v.) = Lecidella viridans viridans Maheu & Werner (Lecanora) = Lecanora campestris viridans Maheu & Werner (Opegrapha pitardi v.) = Opegrapha varia viride (Ach.) Vain. (Coriscium) = Omphalina hudsoniana viride (Ach.) W.Mann (Dermatocarpon) = Omphalina hudsoniana viride Ach. (Endocarpon) = Omphalina hudsoniana viride (Deakin) Zahlbr. (Thelidium) = Thelidium pyrenophorum viridescens (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Rhaphiospora) = Bacidia bagliettoana viridescens (A.Massal.) A.Massal. (Scoliciosporum) = Bacidia bagliettoana viridescens (A.Massal.) Arnold (Bacidia muscorum v.) = Bacidia bagliettoana viridescens (A.Massal.) Norman (Bacidia) = Bacidia bagliettoana viridescens A.Massal. (Heterothecium) = Bacidia bagliettoana viridescens A.Massal. (Pachyospora) = Aspicilia viridescens viridescens auct. p.p. (Cyphelium) = Cyphelium tigillare viridescens Coppins (Arthopyrenia) = Anisomeridium viridescens viridescens Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria capillaris viridescens (Schrad.) Ach. (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis viridescens viridescens (Schrad.) Brodo (Micarea) = Trapeliopsis viridescens viridescens (Schrad.) Rabenh. (Biatora sphaeroides f.) = Trapeliopsis viridescens viridescens (Schrad.) V.Wirth (Trapelia) = Trapeliopsis viridescens viridescens (Schrad.) W.Mann (Biatora) = Trapeliopsis viridescens viridescens Schrad. [in J.F.Gmel.] (Lichen) = Trapeliopsis viridescens viridialbum Kremp. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis viridialba (Kremp.) A.F.W.Schmidt/F viridiatra (Ach.) Anzi (Psora) = Calvitimela armeniaca viridiatra Ach. (Lecidea) = Calvitimela armeniaca viridiatra (Stenh.) Nyl. (Lecanora) = Lecidea luteoatra viridiatra (Stenh.) Schaer. [non Flörke] (Lecidea) = Lecidea luteoatra viridiatra (Wulfen) Ach. (Lecidea) = Rhizocarpon viridiatrum viridiatra (Wulfen) H.Olivier (Buellia) = Rhizocarpon viridiatrum viridiatrum Wulfen [in Jacq.] (Lichen) = Rhizocarpon viridiatrum viridiatrum (Wulfen) Jatta (Diplotomma) = Rhizocarpon viridiatrum viridicana Erichsen (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aethiobola viridicans Erichsen (Caloplaca decipiens f.) = Caloplaca decipiens viridilobata Opiz (Parmelia parietina v.) = Xanthoria parietina viridireagens Nádv. (Calicium) = Chaenothecopsis viridireagens viridirufa auct. [non (Ach.) Zahlbr.] (Caloplaca) = Caloplaca aractina viridis A.L.Sm. (Gongylia) = Arthrorhaphis grisea viridis (Ach.) Arnold (Lenormandia) = Omphalina hudsoniana viridis (Ach.) Nyl. (Normandina) = Omphalina hudsoniana viridis (Ach.) Redhead & Kuyper (Phytoconis) = Omphalina hudsoniana viridis Anzi (Verrucaria minuta f.) = Verrucaria minuta ? viridis (Deakin) Zschacke (Paraphysothele) = Thelidium pyrenophorum viridisorediosa Gyeln. (Parmelia rosiformis f.) = Parmelia sulcata viridis [Pers. ex] Ach. (Opegrapha rubella v.) = Opegrapha viridis viridis (Schreb.) Willd. (Lepra) = Lepraria botryoides viridis Sm. (Gongylia) = Baeomyces rufus viridis Tønsberg [in C.F.Culberson et al.] (Fuscidea) = Ropalospora viridis viridis Walt.Watson (Candelariella vitellina f.) = Candelariella vitellina f. flavovirella viridis Zschacke (Staurothele) = Staurothele fissa viridula auct. p.p. [non (Schrad.) Ach.] (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria macrostoma viridula Erichsen (Bacidia) = Bacidia incompta viridula (Schrad.) A.L.Sm. [non sensu A.L.Sm.] (Arthopyrenia) = Verrucaria viridula viridulum (Ach.) Fr. (Calicium) = Microcalicium disseminatum viridulum Ach. (Cyphelium) = Microcalicium disseminatum viridulum Schaer. (Acolium) = Cyphelium lucidum viridulum (Schrad.) Servít (Amphoridium) = Verrucaria viridula viridulum Schrad. (Endocarpon) = Verrucaria viridula viscosum A.Massal. (Collema) = Collema limosum visianica (A.Massal.) Trevis. (Kuttlingeria) = Caloplaca teicholyta visianica A.Massal. (Blastenia) = Caloplaca teicholyta visianica (Beltram.) Lettau (Bacidia) = ? vitellina (Hoffm.) A.Massal. (Candelaria) = Candelariella vitellina vitellina (Hoffm.) Ach. (Lecanora) = Candelariella vitellina vitellina (Hoffm.) Anzi (Gyalolechia) = Candelariella vitellina vitellina (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. (Caloplaca) = Candelariella vitellina vitellina (Hoffm.) Th.Fr. (Xanthoria) = Candelariella vitellina vitellina Hoffm. (Verrucaria) = Candelariella vitellina vitellinaria (Nyl.) Kremp. (Lecidella) = Carbonea vitellinaria vitellinaria (Nyl.) Rehm (Nesolechia) = Carbonea vitellinaria vitellinaria Nyl. (Lecidea) = Carbonea vitellinaria PIER LUIGI NIMIS – STEFANO MARTELLOS vitellinaria (Szatala) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (Caloplaca holocarpa v.) = Caloplaca vitellinaria Szatala vitellinum (Hoffm.) Bagl. (Callopisma) = Candelariella vitellina vitiligo Ach. (Spiloma) = Xylographa vitiligo vitrea Anzi (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia laevata vitricola Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria aquatilis ? vittata (Ach.) Körb. (Imbricaria physodes v.) = Hypogymnia vittata vittata (Ach.) Nyl. (Parmelia) = Hypogymnia vittata vittata (Ach.) Schaer. (Parmelia ceratophylla v.) = Hypogymnia vittata vittata Ach. (Parmelia physodes v.) = Hypogymnia vittata vittatoides Mereschk. (Parmelia physodes v.) = Hypogymnia physodes vivariensis Couderc (Porocyphus) = Porocyphus coccodes vivipara Hazsl. (Peltigera canina f.) = Peltigera praetextata vogesiaca Schaer. (Lecidea) = Lecidea swartzioidea volterrensis Servít (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria sp. vorticosa Flörke (Lecidea sabuletorum v.) = Carbonea vorticosa vorticosa (Flörke) Körb. (Lecidea) = Carbonea vorticosa vouauxii de Lesd. (Polyblastia) = Agonimia vouauxii (de Lesd.) Brand & P.Dietr. vouauxii Hue (Crocynia) = Leproloma vouauxii vouauxii (Hue) R.C.Harris (Lepraria) = Leproloma vouauxii vrangiana (Gyeln.) Brodo & D.Hawksw. (Bryoria) = Bryoria implexa vrangiana Gyeln. (Alectoria) = Bryoria implexa vrangiana Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera leucophlebia vrangianum Gyeln. (Placynthium) = Placynthium asperellum vrangii Malme [nom.nud.] (Lecidea) = Lecanora vrangii Malme vulcanica Bagl. (Lecanora) = Lecanora sp. vulcanica Jatta (Acarospora) = Acarospora umbilicata vulgare A.Massal. (Haematomma) = Haematomma ochroleucum v. ochroleucum vulgare Körb. (Cyphelium melanophaeum v.) = Chaenotheca ferruginea vulgare Körb. (Placodium saxicolum v.) = Lecanora muralis vulgare Runemark (Rhizocarpon tinei ssp.) = Rhizocarpon geographicum vulgare (Schaer.) Degel. (Collema tenax v.) = Collema tenax vulgare (Schaer.) Fr. (Coniangium) = Arthonia radiata vulgaris A.Massal. & De Not. (Fulgensia) = Fulgensia fulgens vulgaris A.Massal. (Candelaria) = Candelaria concolor vulgaris Bréb. p.p. (Botrydina) = Omphalina alpina vulgaris Bréb. p.p. (Botrydina) = Omphalina ericetorum vulgaris Bréb. p.p. (Botrydina) = Omphalina velutina vulgaris De Not. (Aglaopisma) = Caloplaca aurantia vulgaris Duby (Peltigera canina v.) = Peltigera canina vulgaris Garov. (Verrucaria conoidea v.) = Acrocordia conoidea vulgaris Garov. (Verrucaria thuretii v.) = Strigula stigmatella vulgaris (Körb.) Arnold (Catocarpus badioater v.) = Rhizocarpon badioatrum vulgaris (Körb.) Syd. (Physcia ciliaris v.) = Anaptychia ciliaris vulgaris (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Catillaria lenticularis v.) = Catillaria chalybeia vulgaris (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Lecanora saxicola v.) = Lecanora muralis vulgaris (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Parmelia physodes v.) = Hypogymnia physodes vulgaris Körb. (Acarospora glaucocarpa v.) = Acarospora glaucocarpa vulgaris Körb. (Anaptychia ciliaris v.) = Anaptychia ciliaris vulgaris Körb. (Bacidia rubella v.) = Bacidia rubella 188 vulgaris Körb. (Biatora polytropa v.) = Lecanora polytropa v. polytropa vulgaris Körb. (Cladonia degenerans v.) = Cladonia phyllophora vulgaris Körb. (Cladonia fimbriata v.) = Cladonia fimbriata vulgaris Körb. (Lecidella enteroleuca v.) = Lecidella elaeochroma vulgaris Körb. (Opegrapha atra v.) = Opegrapha atra vulgaris Körb. (Opegrapha herpetica v.) = Opegrapha rufescens vulgaris Körb. (Parmelia pulverulenta v.) = Physconia distorta vulgaris (Schaer.) Anders (Diploschistes scruposus f.) = Diploschistes muscorum vulgaris (Schaer.) Stein (Xanthoria parietina v.) = Xanthoria parietina vulgaris Schaer. (Arthonia) = Arthonia radiata vulgaris Schaer. (Aspicilia cinerea v.) = Aspicilia cinerea vulgaris Schaer. (Parmelia parietina v.) = Xanthoria parietina vulgaris Schaer. (Urceolaria scruposa f.) = Diploschistes muscorum vulgaris Th.Fr. (Lecidea panaeola v.) = Amygdalaria panaeola vulgata Th.Fr. (Buellia alboatra v.) = Diplotomma alboatrum vulgata (Zahlbr.) M.Choisy (Lecidella) = Lecidella stigmatea vulgata Zahlbr. [nom.illegit.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella stigmatea vulnerata Hillmann (Parmeliopsis hyperopta v.) = Imshaugia aleurites vulnerata Müll.Arg. (Peltigera rufescens v.) = Peltigera didactyla vulpina (L.) Ach. (Evernia) = Letharia vulpina vulpina (L.) Ach. (Parmelia) = Letharia vulpina vulpina (L.) Mudd (Alectoria) = Letharia vulpina vulpina (L.) Nyl. (Chlorea) = Letharia vulpina vulpinus L. (Lichen) = Letharia vulpina vulvella Ach. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha varia wahlenbergii (Ach.) Sheard (Buellia) = Catolechia wahlenbergii wahlenbergii [Flot. ex] Ach. (Lecidea) = Catolechia wahlenbergii wahlenbergii Lynge (Physcia) = Physcia dubia wahlenbergii Trevis. (Aipospila) = Lecania aipospila wainioi Räsänen (Physcia) = Physcia caesia v. caesiella waldrastensis H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia waldrastensis (H.Magn.) Clauzade & Rondon wallrothiana (Körb.) Garov. (Verrucaria sericea v.) = Thelenella modesta wallrothiana Körb. (Microglaena) = Thelenella modesta wallrothianus (Körb.) A.Massal. (Dactyloblastus) = Thelenella modesta wallrothii [Flörke ex] Spreng. (Lecidea) = Trapeliopsis wallrothii wallrothii Hepp (Pyrenula) = Mycomicrothelia wallrothii (Hepp) D.Hawksw./F wallrothii (Hepp) Norrlin (Verrucaria) = Mycomicrothelia wallrothii (Hepp) D.Hawksw./F wallrothii (Hepp) Rehm (Microthelia) = Mycomicrothelia wallrothii (Hepp) D.Hawksw./F wallrothii (Spreng.) Körb. (Biatora) = Trapeliopsis wallrothii wallrothii (Spreng.) V.Wirth (Trapelia) = Trapeliopsis wallrothii waltheri (Kremp.) Blomb. & Forssell (Dermatocarpon) = Involucropyrenium waltheri waltheri (Kremp.) Körb. (Catapyrenium) = Involucropyrenium waltheri waltheri Kremp. (Verrucaria) = Involucropyrenium waltheri weberi (Ach.) W.Mann (Dermatocarpon) = Dermatocarpon luridum v. luridum 189 A second checklist of the lichens of Italy, with a thesaurus of synonyms weissii (Schaer.) A.Massal. (Diplotomma) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum weissii (Schaer.) Th.Fr. (Rhizocarpon calcareum v.) = Rhizocarpon umbilicatum werneri Faurel (Opegrapha) = Lecanographa werneri werneri (Faurel, Ozenda & Schotter) Egea & Torrente (Lecanactis) = Lecanographa werneri werneri (M.Choisy) Zahlbr. (Parmelia) = Parmotrema hypoleucinum werneri M.Choisy (Parmotrema) = Parmotrema hypoleucinum westringii (Ach.) Leight. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria microstictica ? wettersteinensis Poelt (Bacidia) = Arthonia intexta wienkampii [J.Lahm ex] Hazsl. (Leptorhaphis) = Cresporhaphis wienkampii wightii Taylor [in Hooker] (Endocarpon) = Thelotrema wightii (Taylor) Nyl. willeyana R.C.Harris (Arthopyrenia) = Anisomeridium polypori willeyanum (R.C.Harris) R.C.Harris (Anisomeridium) = Anisomeridium polypori wimmeriana (Körb.) Poetsch (Lecanora) = Koerberiella wimmeriana wimmeriana Körb. (Zeora) = Koerberiella wimmeriana wolbecensis J.Lahm (Leptorhaphis) = Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella (Nyl.) Vain./F wulfeniana Grummann (Lecidea) = Lecidella wulfenii wulfenii Ach. (Urceolaria) = Verrucaria marmorea wulfenii DC. (Pertusaria) = Pertusaria hymenea wulfenii Hepp (Biatora) = Lecidella wulfenii wulfenii (Hepp) Arnold [non Ach.] (Lecidea) = Lecidella wulfenii wulffianum Räsänen (Rhizocarpon) = Rhizocarpon intermediellum Räsänen xamia A.Massal. (Pannaria triptophylla v.) = Parmeliella triptophylla xanthocephala (Wallr.) Schaer. (Coniocybe pallida v.) = Sclerophora nivea xanthococca auct. [non (Sommerf.) P.James & Gotth.Schneid.] (Hypocenomyce) = Pycnora praestabilis ? xanthococca auct. [non Sommerf.] (Lecidea) = Pycnora praestabilis ? xanthococca (Sommerf.) P.James & Gotth.Schneid. (Hypocenomyce) = Pycnora xanthococca xanthodes Nyl. (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha saxigena xantholyta (Nyl.) Hue. (Leproplaca) = Caloplaca xantholyta xantholyta (Nyl.) Lettau (Lepraria) = Caloplaca xantholyta xantholyta Nyl. (Lecanora) = Caloplaca xantholyta xantholytum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Placodium) = Caloplaca xantholyta xanthomyela Nyl. (Parmelia) = Hypotrachyna endochlora (Leight.) Hale xanthostigma [A.Massal. ex] Arnold (Tromera) = Tromera resinae xanthostigma (Ach.) Elenkin (Candelariella vitellina v.) = Candelariella xanthostigma xanthostigma (Ach.) Nyl. (Lecanora vitellina v.) = Candelariella xanthostigma xanthostigmum (Ach.) Bagl. (Callopisma vitellinum v.) = Candelariella xanthostigma xanthostigmus [Pers. ex] Ach. (Lichen) = Candelariella xanthostigma xanthostoma Sommerf. (Porina) = Pertusaria xanthostoma (Sommerf.) Fr. xenophana (Körb.) Lettau (Lithographa) = Cecidonia xenophana xenophana (Körb.) Vouaux (Nesolechia) = Cecidonia xenophana xenophana Körb. (Placographa) = Cecidonia xenophana xylographoides J.Steiner (Opegrapha) = Opegrapha celtidicola xylographoides Müll.Arg. (Arthothelium) = Arthonia albopulverea xylographoides Norman (Leptorhaphis) = Leptorhaphis parameca xylonellum (Ach.) Trevis. (Calicium sphaerocephalum v.) = Calicium salicinum xylonellum Ach. (Calicium) = Calicium salicinum xylophila (Beltr.) Trevis. (Patellaria atra v.) = Tephromela atra v. atra ? xylophila Rabenh. (Lecidea canescens v.) = Diploicia canescens xylophila V.Wirth & P.James (Arthonia) = Arthonia arthonioides xylospila Nyl. (Verrucaria) = Thelidium zwackhii xylospilum (Nyl.) Nyl. (Thelidium) = Thelidium zwackhii xyloxena H.Magn. (Lecanora) = Aspicilia xyloxena (H.Magn.) “R.Sant.” xyloxenum (Norman) Norman (Thelidium) = Verrucaria xyloxena yasudae auct. [non Vain.] (Ochrolechia) = Ochrolechia subviridis yunnana H.Harada & Li-Song Wang (Dermatocarpella) = Placidium semaforonense zaborskianum M.Choisy & Werner (Schismatomma) = Enterographa zaborskiana zabotica (Körb.) Th.Fr. (Buellia alboatra v.) = Diplotomma alboatrum zahlbruckneri J.Steiner [non sensu T.Schauer] (Buellia) = Buellia erubescens zahlbruckneri sensu T.Schauer (Buellia) = Buellia chloroleuca zahlbruckneri Lynge (Lecanora) = Aspicilia alexandri R.Sant. zahlbruckneri (Lynge) Creveld [non C.W.Dodge] (Aspicilia) = Aspicilia alexandri R.Sant. zahlbruckneri Samp. (Acarospora) = Acarospora nodulosa v. reagens zahlbruckneri Samp. (Cyphelium) = Cyphelium lecideinum zahlbruckneri Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria praetermissa ? zegonensis Zschacke (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria margacea zeoroides Anzi (Lecidea) = Porpidia zeoroides zonata (Ach.) H.Magn. [non Bagl.] (Lecanora) = Aspicilia zonata (Ach.) R.Sant. zonata Ach. (Sagedia) = Aspicilia zonata (Ach.) R.Sant. zonata Brodo (Lepraria) = Lepraria caesioalba zonata (Körb.) A.Massal. (Lecanactis) = Enterographa zonata zonata Körb. (Opegrapha) = Enterographa zonata zopfii Asahina (Alectoria) = Bryoria implexa zopfii (Gyeln.) Trass (Peltigera horizontalis v.) = Peltigera horizontalis zopfii Gyeln. (Peltigera) = Peltigera horizontalis zsakii Szatala (Catillaria) = Micarea melaenida zsakii (Szatala) Lettau (Toninia) = Micarea melaenida zschackeana Erichsen (Verrucaria) = Verrucaria maura zwackhiana Kremp. 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A Second Checklist of the Lichens of Italy: With a Thesaurus of Synonyms

A Second Checklist of the Lichens of Italy: With a Thesaurus of Synonyms

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