Marine and Estuarine Environments, Organisms and Geology of^he Cape Cod Region an indexed bibliography. 1665-/965 Anne Melbourne E. R. Yentsch, Carriker, Robert H. Parker, Victor A. Zullo Systematics Ecology Program, _ Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, Massachusetts BOSTON UNIVERSITY mRlNE PROGRAM MARINE AND ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENTS, ORGANISMS & GEOLOGY OF THE CAPE COD REGION an indexed bibliography, 1665-1965 Marine and Estuarine Environments, Organisms and Geology of the Cape Cod Region an indexed bibliography, 1665 - 1965 Anne Melbourne E. Yentsch, R. Carriker, Robert H. Parker, Victor A. Zullo Systematics Ecology Program, Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole. Massachusetts Copyright 1966 by the Marine Biological Laboratory First Edition Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 66-30182 Published through The Job Shop, Woods Hole, Massachusetts for The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. Printed by Leyden Press, Inc., Plymouth, Massachusetts PREFACE Since its traditionally incorporation at Woods Hole in 1888 the Marine Biological Laboratory has provided facilities and services to independent investigators search, training and scientific communication in marine biology. It fosters for re- maximum use of its facilities throughout the year. In the early decades research on the natural history of marine organisms molecular was stressed, while the recent trend has been toward cellular and The Systematics-Ecology Program was established by the investigations. Laboratory Trustees in September 1962 as a continuing program of basic research and training in the biology of the whole organism. The aims of the Program are (a) to extend in a modern, integrated, continuing manner systematic and ecologic knowledge of the estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems of Cape Cod Region, and thereby to contribute the to the advancement of the systematic and ecologic sciences; and (b) to provide opportunities in year-round research and communications for advanced experience and study in the fields of estuarine and coastal marine systematics and ecology. Within this context the Program from time to time issues publications which further synthesis of knowledge of organismic biology of the region. The the first of these publi- Marine Invertebrates of the Woods Hole Region," was edited by Ralph I. Smith and appeared in 1964. The present volume, a second in the series, is intended as an introductory guide to the scientific literature of the region and covers a 300 year cations, "Keys to period from 1665 to 1965. intended to introduce scientists to major papers on the It is region and to provide the beginning for more intensive literature surveys. The emphasis is on works that relate to the biology of the whole organism, biotic factors of ecological significance, and physics, chemistry, climatology and geology of the region. 1962-1963 by the junior authors who 1964. The facilities of the Marine Biological Labora- Preparation of the bibliography was begun were joined by Anne E. Yentsch in in search and some work was done in the Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Boston Public Library and the Museum of tory Library were used during the The bibliographic form is literature that suggested in "Style Manual for Biological Journals, 2nd ed. (1960) prepared by the American Institute of Biological Sciences. Journal ab"breviations were taken from the World List of Scientific Periodicals, 1900-1960, 4th ed. (1963). An index was prepared from titles, abstracts and, in some cases, from the texts. An was made to include all known new species descriptions for the region and the scientific names of these are underscored in the index. Scientific names were indexed as they appeared in the original publication with no attempt to provide modern synonyms. Entries were made for phyla, classes (for the larger phyla), lesser taxa when these were effort given in the title of the paper, scientific names, key words, and geographic locations. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the valuable contribution of Anne E, Yentsch whose painstaking search of the literature, double checking of the references, and compilation of the bibliography and its index provide the basis for this publication. We also express Ann Martin, who aided in Chadwick Mrs. Robert N. Cram, Mrs. Joan Stimson, and Miss Constance suggested referthe checking of references; Dr. Mary Sears and Dr. K. 0. Emery who our thanks to Mrs. Barbara Webber who varityped the entire manuscript; Mrs. ences; the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for permission to reproduce the photograph of a Cape Cod beach by Jan Hahn; Herbert A. Ashmore who prepared Figure 1; and the Library of the Marine Biological Laboratory where the bulk of the search for refer- ences was conducted. Preparation of this publication was made possible by support to the SystematicsEcology Program from the Ford Foundation; Public Health Service Research Grant DE 01870 from the National Institute of Dental Research; Grants GB-561 and GB-4509 from the National Science Foundation; Contract Nonr 3070(03) from the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy; and the Whitehall Foundation. This financial aid is gratefully acknowledged. Woods Hole, Massachusetts November, 1966 VI Melbourne R. Carriker, Director Systematics-Ecology Program TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Bibliography Index Vll INTRODUCTION Thoreau describes Cape Cod as "the bared and bended arm of Massachusetts: the is at Buzzards Bay; the elbow, or crazy bone, at Cape Mallebarre (Chatham); the wrist at Truro; and the sandy fist at Provincetown." It is an outpost of sand, gravel, stones and clay stretching into the North Atlantic between 41°30-42°5'N and 69°55 -70° 46 W. The Cape Cod peninsula, or bent arm, partially encircles Cape Cod Bay which faces north and opens seaward into Massachusetts Bay and the Gulf of Maine. To the south the islands of Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard and the chain of the Elizabeth Islands form a barrier between the open ocean, Nantucket Sound, Vineyard Sound, and Buzzards Bay. At the base of the peninsula the Cape Cod Canal, officially opened in 1916, provides a channel between Cape Cod Bay and Buzzards Bay. This complex of cape, islands and shoulder ' sounds, an area roughly 90 x 100 kilometers, forms the Cape Cod Region. Sediments, predominately gravel, sands and shell fragments, are coarsest and relatively free of organic detritus in tidal scoured Vineyard Sound and grade into finer particles in Nantucket Sound and portions of Cape Cod Bay. Much of Buzzards Bay and the central regions of Cape Cod Bay support extensive soft mud bottoms whereas broad intertidal sand flats bound southeastern Cape Cod Bay and wide intertidal mud bottoms characterize northwestern Buzzards Bay. Small estuaries, often constricted and intermittently cut off from outside water by barrier beaches, dissect the southern coasts of both the Cape and islands. Tidal marshes fringe the shore line and reach impressive acreages, especially at the outer end of the Cape behind the barrier beaches and at Barnstable along the southern shore of Cape Cod Bay. Intertidal boulders dot exposed beaches, high colorful sea cliffs mark Gay Head, and Cape faces the North Atlantic Ocean. The Gulf Stream lies some 150 kilometers southeast of Woods Hole. As a result of cold water masses north of the Cape, the temperature of the seawater in Cape Cod Bay in late summer is several degrees lower than that in the southern sounds. Cape Cod forms the long straight shore of the outer the rough boundary in between two major marine provinces, and most of the organisms found the western North Atlantic, from Nova Scotia to Cape Hatteras, are represented in the Cape Cod Region. Serious study of the Region began in the early 1800' s, and as indicated by the frequency of publication of the 1,360 literature references in this Bibliography, has intensified with the decades. Henry Da\id Thoreau, 1864. Cape Cod. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. IX ' » V ^ , WOODS HOLE >^'^_— NANTUCKET S^OUND / / ^-^j Map ..-..-^ <^ y of the /r Cape Cod region. A SHMO R E Fre quency of publication of literature references cited in the Bibliography shown for ten year in tervals. Edward Hitchcock (1833) discussed the formation of Cape Cod in his preliminary report on the geology of Massachusetts, a publication believed by Chamerlain (1964) "to have been the first state geology report in the nation." Among the reasons why geologists have studied the Region is the observation by Woodworth and Wigglesworth (1934) that "Cape Cod more than any other part of southeastern New England shows the changes due to the ravages of the sea since the glacial epoch." Early naturalists were attracted to Cape Cod by the intrinsic natural beauty of the terrain, the varied wildlife inhabiting the bogs, ponds, salt marshes, dunes, beaches and waters, and by the often tempestuous interplay of land and sea. The U. S. National Park Service recognized the uniqueness of the Cape when it established the Cape Cod National Seashore, noting "The combination of these features cannot be matched anywhere on the Atlantic Coast." Thoreau was also well aware of it when he wrote "We went to see the Ocean, and that is probably the best place of all our coast to go to." Biologists started describing the biota of the Cape Cod Region prior to 1844 when A. A. Gould recognized Cape Cod as a natural faunal boundary between Arctic and temperate organisms. In a long list of papers, for example, Storer (1839-1859) provided records of fish; Desor (1851) described the distribution of animal life among Nantucket shoals and observed that "modern investigations merely go to confirm the great idea which was vaguely anticipated by the ancient poets and philosophers, that the Ocean is the origin of all things;" Stimpson (1854) named new species of mollusks; Atwood (1861-1873) wrote on the habits of bluefish, cod and mackerel and discussed the fisheries; and A. Agassiz (1862-1877) reported on invertebrates. Spencer F. Baird's activities in the Region in 1871 including his founding of the Bureau of Fisheries Laboratory in Woods Hole in 1875, establishment of the first American seaside laboratory on Penikese Island by Louis Agassiz in 1873, and incorporation of the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory in 1888, provided a catalyst for further research in the Cape Cod Region. The number of publications during the period 1885-1914 undoubtably reflects this scientific activity. XI Earliest comprehensive contributions to the systematics and ecology of the marine communities of the Region were made by Verrill (1873), S. I. Smith (1873) and Verrill, Smith, and Harger (1873) in their census of the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and adjacent waters during the summer of 1871. Their first field studies included some 40 dredgings, principally in Vineyard Sound, and to a lesser extent in southern biotic Buzzards Bay, western Nantucket Sound, and northeastern Rhode Island Sound, and ranged bathymetrically from the high water line outward. Lists and illustrations of the macroscopic species encountered and descriptions of the major habitats of the area are given. Later Sumner (1910) and Sumner, Osburn, Cole and Davis (1913) published the results of a detailed qualitative systematic study of the distribution of macroscopic benthic plants and animals of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay in relation to the gross nature of the bottom and the temperature and salinity of the water. Investigations were carried out by means of dredging operations in open waters during the summers of 1903-05, with supplementary work during the following four summers; intertidal and shallow waters were excluded. This useful publication supplementated the reports of Verrill and associates and added a detailed catalog and distributional charts of many of the macroscopic species reported for the area. The number of new species which has been described in the Cape Cod Region is over 500. In terms of the estimated total number of 10,000 species probably occurring in the Region, this is a sizeable contribution, and one made primarily through the indefatigable efforts of early systematists. New species are still being described in the Region as field biologists pursue their investigations. As an introduction to the Bibliography, we have selected excerpts from various publications and matched the quotations with appropriate photographs taken in the region within the last five years. These excerpts describe in the author's own words the diversity of the Cape and islands and suggest the many reasons why this Region drew their attention. M. R. Carriker A. E. Yentsch December 1966 70° /e ii ffi 3s 3S . •^irjS-*-^ ^"^ ^o ^fi^uM, Bamftabl : .«wmta:-.4: 3S: iS (Arvy^JifrjXm Tt^^!* Jffiimi Utitr 2< .|--wi ^HiM, •^Jft mat fdt ly ' ' 3 /joy -^J' =fe,",>'-'' 7 ,./.., X / S'ovlK'C.JlanTuI 7°° Early map of Cape Cod apparently drawn around 1720 by a Boston pilot named Cyprian Southack. Plate 71 from Ann. Rept. U. S. Cst. Geod. Surv., 1890. The fifteenth day we had again sight of the land, which made ahead, being as we thought an island, by reason of a large sound that appeared westward between main, for coming to the it and the west end thereof, we did perceive a large opening, we called it Shoal Hope. Near this cape we came store of codfish, for which to we altered anchor in fifteen fathoms, where we took great the name, and called sculls of herring, mackerel, and other small fish, in it Cape Cod. Here we saw great abundance. John Archer, 1602. xiu Henry Beston, 1929. The Outermost House. Doubleday, Doran Garden City, New York. East and ahead of the coast of North America, some thirty & Co., Inc. miles and more from the inner shores of Massachusetts, there stands in the open Atlantic the last fragment of an ancient and vanished land. ... a great ocean beach runs north and south unbroken, mile lengthening into mile. Solitary possessed by the outer sea, Age by age, and elemental, unsullied and remote, visited and these sands might be the end or the beginning of a world. the sea here gives battle to the land; age by age, the earth struggles for her to her defence her energies and her creations, bidding her plants steal down upon the beach, and holding the frontier sands in a net of grass and roots which the storms wash free. The great rhythms of nature, have here their spacious and primeval liberty; cloud and shadow of cloud, wind and tide, tremor of night and day. Journeying birds alight here and fly away again all unseen, schools of great fish move beneath the own, calling . waves, the surf flings its . . spray against the sun. Often spoken of as being entirely glacial, this bulwark is really an old land surfaced The seas broke upon these same ancient bounds long before the ice had with a new. gathered its form, had fogged and cooled. There was once, so it would seem, a NorthThis crumbled at its rim, time and catastrophe changed its level and or the sun ern coastal plain. and the sea came inland over it through the years. Its last enduring frontier roughly corresponds to the wasted dyke of the cliff. Moving down into the sea, later glaciations passed over the old beaches and the fragments of the plain, and, stumbling over them, heaped upon these sills their accumulated drift of gravels, sand, and stones. The warmer sea and time prevailing, the ice cliff retreated westward through and presently the waves coursed on to a new, a transformed and lifeless, land. XIV its fogs, Outer beach of Cape Cod at Nauset. -^^ Y EN TSC H XV The east side of the cape, through Wellfleet and Truro, is a nearly continuous bluff, one hundred to one hundred and sixty feet high, horizontally stratified, being evidently a remnant of a nearly level plain, the east part of which has been washed away by the sea. This process is still going forward. Warren Upham, 1879. HS^. Eroding sea cliffs along the shore of Outer Cape Cod. Y EN TSCH The wind loosens and tears down the incoherent gravel and sand in the coastal On fair days when dry winds are blowing in a favorable direction, pebbles loosened by the blowing out of the sand at their bases roll down to a sandy talus. Many of these pebbles take somewhat curved courses, ricochetting so as to leave a series of pits on the beach sand leading to the resting place of the spent pebble. Hundreds of small streams of dry sand run out from incoherent layers to add their contribution to the growing fan of talus that rises between the beach and the top of the wasting cliff. When very high winds are blowing inland, sand and dust are carried up the slope and on to the bluffs. surface back of the cliff. J. B. XVI Woodworth. In Woodworth & Wigglesworth, 1934. The dunes or sand hills, which are often nearly or quite barren of vegetation, and of As snowy whiteness, forcibly attract the attention on account of their peculiarity. we approach the extremity of the Cape, the sand and the barrenness increase; and in not a few places, it would need only a party of Bedouin Arabs to cross the traveler's path, to make him feel that he was in the depths of an Arabian or Lybian desert. Edward Hitchcock, 1833. . is . VAN ZANDT Sand dunes on the southwest shore of Nantucket Island. Sand . frequently thrown by the spray, or waves, during a storm, so high upon the shore, that the reflux waves do not carry it back. This being dried by the sun, is driven inwards by the sea breezes, and in the course of time forms hills of considerable elevation. Or some- times the wind from the sea raises the sand from a cliff or tertiary formation and carries it inland. Thus are formed those moving sand hills, which on the eastern continent, are called dunes or downs, and which have excited so much interest near the banks of the Nile. They may be seen in the greatest perfection and on the largest scale, on Cape Cod; particularly near its extremity. They are frequently as high as 60 or 70 feet, and on the east end . . move towards the west, A series of these dunes, several miles long, village and bay of Provincetown, and large quantities of the beach grass have of the Cape, they threatens the . been transplanted . to their . . ridges for the purpose of arresting their progress. Edward Hitchcock, 1833. xvii swamps has changed system remains one of the most beautiful exhibitions of natural forces which the sea shore affords. There being everywhere the same pressure of the growing sod against Even where this artificial modification of the the regimen of their lesser creeks, this water their streams, they are free to cast their curves into exactly the form The only which the pendulum motion of their currents demands. likeness in symmetry to these tidal rivers is found in the fresh-water swamps, whose clear natural streams flow through matter resembling in its process of growth the peat of the salt-water swamp, but even there . the changes in the volume of the current than those of the tidal marshes. Tidal marsh in Pleasant Bay. make its . . curves less beautiful N. S. Shaler. 1885 OLDHAM The reconstructions provide a picture of the ontogeny of the Barnstable marsh which and plausible. They indicate that the sand spit has grown eastward during a period of about 4000 years. The marsh, which consisted at first of isolated pockets in protected indentations of the upland, became continuous and began to spread into the enclosure from along the upland margin as sediment accumulated in its shallower parts and protection from the sea became more complete. The development of marsh along the margin of the sand spit proceeded more slowly, perhaps because the basin deepened with distance from the upland and more time was required for sedimentation to reduce its depth. The broad sounds between the advancing tongues of marshland became the site of the future creeks, and the meandering channels in the sand which formed their bottom defined the final pattern which these creeks assumed. High marsh has now extended to the margin of these channels and at present the creeks are in quasi-equilibrium with the hydraulic forces which arise from the quantity of water which they must carry in response is orderly to the xviu rhythm of the tide. Alfred C. Redfield, 1965 There is, however a more definite limit to the encroachment of these upper-level salt marshes upon the tidal streams. As the marshes extend they narrow the channels occupied by the free-running tide until they reduce its flowage-ways to very limited bounds, the lines of which are determined by a delicate adjustment of the forces which extend the marsh area and the destructive scouring action of the tide exercised on its growing edge. There is no other case in nature, save in the coral reefs, where the adjustment of organic relations to physical conditions is seen in such a beautiful way as tween the growing marshes and the tidal streams by which they are worn away. Tidal stream in western Nantucket Island. at in the balance be- once nourished and N. S. Shaler, 1885. VAN Z A N DT XIX Sediment layers, streaked like bright finger- smeared dyes, show red, green, tan, gray, yellow, brilliant white and nearly coal black across the face of the cliffs and give this foreland its name. Some layers full of fossils; are primarily sand, others mainly gravel, others compact clay. large glacial Some boulders protrude like bony knuckles from others. colorful confusion of sediments, the creased and shuffled are This pages of an ancient manuscript, New England's most complete record of its past hundred million years. It tells a story of a land first covered with ancient forests, then engulfed by seawaters, laid bare and engulfed again; of giant sharks swimming over what are now the meadows of contains Chilmark, of camels and horses roaming the plains where Gay Head now rises; of a series Barbara Chamberlain, 1964. of overpowering invasions by ice floes from the north. 'Af^ ^^0 Sea XX cliffs of Gay Head, Martha's Vineyard. •gg ^• ^tt. M Y EN TSC H has been generally known that this is the best place on Wood's Holl has become a strong biological center by virtue of the exceptional opportunities for work here offered in a varied and extensive shore fauna and flora, in numerous accessible islands rich in Ever since Baird's time it the Atlantic coast for the study of marine biology. Indeed, forms of peculiar interest, and in many perfectly isolated fresh-water ponds, brackish ponds, and salt-water ponds „ ^ „„ of easy control. ,_^^_ r ^ ^ Whitman, 1902. J CO. . C A R R K E R I Woods Hole scientific community, showing U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory on the left, the Marine Biological Laboratory in the center, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on the right. Aerial view of the A totally different condition of things was found at Woods Hole where the water is exceptionally pure and free from sediment, and where a strong tide rushing through the Woods Hole passage keeps the water in a state of healthy oxygenation specially favorable for biological research of every kind and description. The entire absence of sewage owing to the remoteness of large towns, as well as the absence of large rivers tending to reduce the salinity of the water, constituted a strong argument station was finally fixed upon for the purpose in question. in its favor, and this Spencer F. Baird. 1881 XXI The Marine Biological Laboratory had its origin in the latter part of the last Century when naturalists came to appreciate the vast variety of life in the sea. Since then, biology has evolved very rapidly and has come to include a number of more or less specialized subdivisions. Great departments of biology have grown up at our universities. In this great development, the Marine Biological Laboratory played a became the summer meeting ground for professors and leading role. It students of all branches of biology from all over the Country. It acquired an outstanding scientific library. It became a headquarters for experia beehive of scientific activity, but incidental. almost sea-side location has become mental physiology. still is It its At Woods Hole, the late 1920' s also marked the beginnings of another in North Atlantic oceanography. A special committee of the step forward National Academy of Sciences had been at work studying the national needs in marine science. This committee recommended the establishment of a new facility Thus, . it seemed advisable to establish a new laboratory at would have as its objectives the study of the oceans as physics, their chemistry, their geology, and their meteor- that a whole: their ology, . 1930, in Woods Hole . as well as some aspects of their biology, in particular, their ecology. By was the Summer of 1931, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution a going concern, with a sea-going vessel and a small part time staff recruited largely from eastern university campuses. Columbus O'Donnell xxii Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873). The Development of Oceanography. Iselin, 1Q57. "Pathfinder of the Seas" -- The marine life of the Woods Hole region is more fully and accurately known any other region of similar extent on the western shore of the of the Atlantic, and there are but few regions anywhere in the world where such knowledge is more complete. Of marine animals alone, approximately 1700 spe- than IS that of cies are known from Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, are correspondingly numerous. and the marine plants Edward Linton, 1915. Dredge haul taken were abundant. in Vineyard Sound at a site where Arbacia, Amaroucium and Aequipecten C A RR K E R I XXIIl C A R Rl K E R Collecting at a rock jetty In at low tide, at the eastern entrance of the Cape Cod Canal. prosecuting our explorations we soon found that there are, in the waters of this which are dependent upon and and limited by definite physical conditions of the waters which they inhabit. The first of these includes all those kinds which inhabit the bottom and shores of Vineyard Sound, Buzzard's Bay, and the other similar bodies of shallow water along this coast from Cape region, three quite distinct assemblages of animal life, Cod westward and southward. These shallow waters consist of nearly pure sea-water, which has a relatively high temperature, especially in summer, for it is warmed up both by the direct heat of the sun, acting on the shallow waters spread over broad surfaces of sand, and by water coming directly from the Gulf Stream, and bringing not only its heat, but also its peculiar pelagic animals. . . . The second assemblage is a very peculiar one, which inhabits the estuaries, ponds, lagoons, harbors, and other similar places, where the water is shallow and more or less brackish, and very warm in summer, but cold in the winter. The third group inhabits the shores of the outer islands and headlands and the bottoms in moderately deep water, outside of the bays and sounds. These outer waters are comparatively cold, even in summer, and are no doubt derived from an offshoot of the arctic current, which drifts southward along our shores in deep water and always has a tendency to crowd against and up its submarine slopes, in which it is also aided in many cases by the tides. A. E. Verrill, 1873. f^^BS 1 Sand flats exposed at 1, low tide along a Cape Cod Beach. But the influence of the Gulf Stream extends much nearer to the coast than the edge of the continental shelf, and without doubt affects our local faunal conditions. The presence nearly every year in Vineyard Sound of considerable masses of the Sargassum bacciferum, with its attendant fauna, shows that strong southerly winds may drive the surface water of the Gulf Stream as far as the mainland of Massachusetts. And, apart from these occasional and obvious effects, it is probable that the warm current exerts a constant influence upon the coastal waters of southern New England, the two undergoing a certain degree of intermingling as a result of winds and tides. Sumner, Osborn, Cole & Davis, 1Q13. C A R R K E R I Edgartown Great Pond estuarine system seen from the air; barrier beaches have closed off the inlets. XXY C A R R K E R I A rocky intertidal area Sesuit Harbor, Cape at Cod Bay, where the macroscopic algae Fucus and Ascophyllum. were abundant. The northern shore of Cape Cod, from its sandy character, is practically destitute of species of algae, except a few forms which are here and there found growing on the eel-grass. As soon as we pass to the south of Cape Cod, however, the flora assumes an all entirely different aspect. . . . It will be seen that a marked northern and a southern flora. In fact, Cape Cod is the dividing line between the difference between the florae of Massachusetts Bay and Buzzards Bay, which are only a few miles apart, is greater than the difference between those of Massachusetts Bay and the Bay of Fundy, or between those of Nantucket and Norfolk. This difference in the flora corresponds precisely with what is known of the fauna. W. G. Farlow, 1882a. XXVI The boring gastropod Eupleura ruudata. The hvdroid Perm aria O L DH tiarclla. OLDHAM AM Abundant on the piles of Fish Commission dock at Woods Hole, and also growing profusely on eel grass near the Hole. One of the most abundant and beautiful species on our coasts. C. C. Nutting, 18t)Q Apeltes quadracus, a small fish of the eel grass community. XXVIl Algae, hydroids and Spirorbis on blade of eel grass, Zostera marina. . . . while the nature of the sea water governs the lives of the animals and plants it, at the same time the functions of the latter are as constantly altering the of their environment in a way to which we see nothing comparable on land. for that inhabit nature Henry B. Bigelow, 1931. Oceanography, Its Scope, Problems, and Economic Importance. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Mass. The barnacle Balanus balanoides. OLDHAM the surface of the sea is sometimes covered for thousands of square yards with great submerged rafts of \hiemiopsis . . . leidyi, the individuals touching one the other . . . A. G. Maver, 1912. O L The ctenophore Mnemiopsis DH AM leidyi. The importance of marine life for the study of general biology depends on several the oceans, which now constitute about two-thirds of the earth's circumstances. surface, contain forms of animal life never found on continents or in their fresh waters. Many of these are the most ancient forms, in a geological sense, in the world. The entire phylum of Echinodermata is exclusively marine; so, with minor exceptions, are the sponges and coelenterates. Among the mollusks the cephalopods (squids and octopi) are exclusively marine; and among the vertebrates the Selachia (sharks, rays, etc.) are practically exclusively marine. Apart from such great and zoologically important groups, the oceans contain myriads of forms representing every phylum of the animal kingdom specially adapted to various oceanic environments, such as those of the almost infinitely diversified shore or littoral regions, of the pelagic (lighted) and the abyssal (unlighted) zones of the free oceans to the floor at great depths, and of great oceanic . . . territories such as those of the Gulf Stream and other ocean currents and of the arctic and antarctic cold and of the tropics. Frank R. Lillie, 1944. The Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory University of Chicago Press, Chicago. XXIX From June 28 to August 13, 1912, the writer occupied a room in the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and had opportunity to extend his observaFiddlers seemed to feel that the necessity for having their tions on fiddler-crabs. burrows closed when the tide came in was -very urgent. Once I pulled up all the grass on a thickly populated area about six feet square and chased all the crabs into their holes; then I sat in front of this open space while the tide came in and covered the mouths of of the burrow. Though the crabs were timid, and apparently feared me, several of them rushed out when the water came near, and, after hastily grabbing one or more pellets of mud, plugged their holes. Other animals that were observed to be active when the tide came in, and which might have harmed the fiddlers, were ribbon- fish, minnows, green . . . crabs, and prawns. A. S. Pearse, lQ14b. 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F., 1882 Abothrium rugosum Linton, E., 1941 Abralia megalops Verrill, A. E.. 1882b Abundance, fish Sherwood, S. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Acanthobothrium paulum parasite of Trygon centrura Linton, E., 1889-1891 Acanthocephala Linton, E., 1901b, 1932, 1933 parasitic on fish Linton, E., 1892a Acanthocheilus nidi fex parasite of Galeocerdo arcticus Linton, E., 1934c parasite of Galeocerdo tigrinus Linton. E.. 1901a parasite of Sphyroma zygaena Linton, E., 1934c Acanthochondr ia exilipes parasite of Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Wilson, C. B.. 1932 Acanthocolpidae of Waquoit Bay Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1942 Acanthocotyle verrilli Manter, H. W., 1926 parasite of "skate" Groto, S., 1899 Acanthohaustorius intermedius Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Acanthohaustorius millsi Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Acanthohaust orius shoemakeri Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Acanthohaustorius spinosus Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Acartia clausi Anraku, M., 1962 Deevey, G. B., 1948 Acartia tonsa Anraku, M., 1962 Deevey, G. B., 1948 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 host for metacerceria of Lecithaster confusus Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943a migration, vertical Schallek, W., 1942 Acephala Verrill, A. E., 1873 Acerotisai baiae Hyman, L., 1952 Achelia scabra Wilson, E. B., 1880 Achirus fasciatus host for Lepocreadium trullaforme Linton, E., 1942 morphology, optic Parker, G. H., 1903 56 Acineta feeding Peck, J. I.. 1896 Acinetopsis tentaculata Root, F. M., 1922 Acipenser brevirostris Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Echinorhynchus attenuatus Linton, E., 1892a Acipenser oxyrhynchus host for Dichelestium sturionis Rathbun, R., 1885 Acipenser sturio Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Nitaschia elegans Linton, E., 1898c Acorn barnacles see Balanus, see Chthamalus Acorn worms see Hemichordata Acoustic orientation fishes and invertebrates Moulton, J. M., 1963 Acrochaetium alcyonidiae Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrochaetium alcyonidia e var. c ylindricum Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrochaetium attenuatum Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrochaetium compactum Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrochaetium emergens Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrochaetium intermedium Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrochaetium microfilum Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrochaetium minimum Collins, F. S., 1908c Acrochaetium moniliforme var. mesogloiae Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrochaetium radiatum Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrochaetium subseriatum Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrochaetium unifilum Jao, C. C, 1936 Acrocheate repens Collins, F. S., 1906 Acrocirrus leidyi Hartman, O., 1942a Verrill, A. E. 1882a, 1882b Acrothrix novae angliae Taylor, W. R., 1928 Actinauge verrilli Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Actinozoa phylogeny McMurrich, J. P., 1891a Adelopoda ramabula Pennak, R. W. 1942a, 1942b Aega psora Harger, 0., 1880a , , Algae 57 Aeolida papillosa Moore, G. M., 1950 Russell, H. D., 1964 Aeolis pilata nematocysts Kepner, W. A., 1943 Aetea sica Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Aeverrillia armata Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Aeverrillia setigera Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 morphology Rogick, M. D., 1945-1949 Agardhiella tenera life history Lewis, I. F., 1912 Aggregation, physiological effects Ophioderma brevispina Allee, W. C, 1927 Aglantha conica Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Aglaophessia minuta Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Aglaura hemistoma Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Alaimonema multicinctum Cobb, N. A., 1920 ALBATROSS, R/V station data Tanner, Z. L., 1885, 1886, 1887, 1889 Albula vulpes Smith, H. M., 1898a Alcippe lampas larvae Visscher, J. P., 1938 morphology & distribution Genthe, K. W., 1905 Alcyonidium polyoum Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Alcyonidium rostrata Verrill, A. E., 1872 Alcyonidium verrilli Osburn, R. C, 1912 Alcyonium carneum Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Alebion crassus parasite of Sphyrna zygaena Wilson, C. Alebion fuscus Wilson, C. Alebion glabrum Wilson, C. Alebion gracile Wilson, C. Alectis crinitus B., 1932 Alectrion obsoleta olfactory organs Copeland, M. A., 1918 Alentiana aurantiaca Hartman, P., 1942a 1944 Algae Bernatowicz, A. J., 1958 Blum, J. L., 1960 Doty, M. S.,1948 Farlow, W. G., 1883 Lewin, J. C, R. A. Lewin, D. E. Philpott, 1958 Lewis, I. P., 1916 Lewis, I. P. & R. H. CoUey, 1916 Lewis, L P. & W. R. Taylor, 1921, 1928 Margalef, R., 1960b Reimann, B. E. P., J. M. C. Lewin & R. R. L. Guillard, 1963 Schuh, R. E., 1900a, 1900b Setchell, W. A., 1922 Shaw, W. N., 1962 Taylor, W. R., 1928, 1937, 1941, 1960 Taylor, W. R. & J. C. Palmer, 1963 Thivy, P., 1942, 1943 Wood, R. D., 1962 Yamanouchi, S., 1906-1907 alternation of generations Lewis, I. P., 1912 anaerobiosis Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 association with Ectoprocta Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 with marine fungi Vishniac, H. S., 1956 benthic Conover, J. T., 1958 primary productivity Bachmann, R. W. & E. P. Odum, 1960 seasonal production Conover, J. T., 1958 Zinc 65 uptake Bachman, R. W. & E. P. Odum, 1960 blue-green Gutknecht, J., 1963 , development Chester, G. C, 1896 holdfasts Derick, C. M., 1899 distribution B., 1921 B., 1905b, 1906 B., 1906 Smith, H. M., 1938 Alectrion locomotion, pedal cilia Copeland, M. A., 1919 Alectrion obsoleta feeding Copeland, M. A., 1918 Collins, P. S., 1891, 1896 Cleland, R. E., 1918 Doty, M. S., 1948 Parlow, W. G., 1873, 1882a, 1882b, 1883 drifting Collins, P. S., 1914 flowering of Nauset Muskegat bland Miller, G. S., 1897 freezing and drying Kanwisher, J., 1957 58 Algae Algae Algae unicellular intertidal wave effects upon life Falmouth at W. Kingsbury, J. M., 1960, 1962 cycle Lewis, 1. F., 1909, 1914 Osterhout, W. J. V., 1896 polysaccharides of Lewin, R. A., 1955 morphology Simons, E. B., 1906 Penikese Island Croasdale, H., 1948 Jordan, D. S., 1874 Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1933 new species Collins, F. S., 1908c Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Jao, C. C, 1936 mud McLachlan, J., 1961 water temperatures and associated algae of Woods Hole Davis, B. M., 1913b Woods Hole Littoral of physiology of flats Moul, E. T. & D. Mason, 1957 phosphorus uptake Kuenzler, E. J. & B. H. Ketchum, 1962 physical chemical influences on Davis, B. M., 1913b physiological ecology Curl, H., Jr. &G. C. McLeod, 1961 physiology & E. P. Odum, 1961 1916 Ryther, J. H. & R. R. L. Guillard, 1962 Ryther, J. H. & D. D. Kramer, 1961 Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Gifford, C. E. Robbins, W. J., unicellular McLachlan, pigments Yentsch, C. 1962 1961 J., & S. C. A. Reichert, 1961, planktonic Great Pond Hulburt, E. M., 1956b, 1963 H. J. & D. D. Kramer, 1961 morphology Guillard, R. R.L. & J. H. Ryther, 1962 productivity, rocky intertidal zone & Gifford, C. E. E. P. Odum, 1961 radioactive Blake, J. W., 1961 zinc uptake Gutnecht, J., 1961 red see seasonal cycle Lillick, L. Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Allosphaerium convexa association with Talorchestea longicornis Allosphaerium granulosum association with Orchestia Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Allosphaerium palustris association with Talorchestia Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Allosphaerium sulcatum association with Orchestia palustris Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Almyracuma proximoculi Jones, N. S. & W. D. Burbanck, 1959 Alosa cyanonoton Storer, D. H., 1848b Alosa lineata Storer, D. H., 1848b Alosa menhaden Atwood, N. E., 1866b behavior Blake, J. H., 1871 migration Blake, C, in Vineyard Sound 1937 symbiosis Boschma, H., 1925 taxonomy Lewin, J. C, 1958 tidal rhythm Faure-Fremiet, E., 1951b J. H., 1871 Alosa sapidissima Fowler, H. W., 1917 Alosa vulgaris Lyman, iron requirements Ryther, Davis, B. M., 1913a. zoogeography and Cape Cod Setchell, W. A., 1922 AUocreadiinae Linton, E., 1934a Allosphaerium caudatum Association Orchestia agilis T., 1861 Alopias vulpes Smith, H. M., 1898a Alternation of generations Rhodophyta Lewis, \. Aleutha depressa F., 1912 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Alutera monoceros resembling Balister monoceros Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1899b U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Alutera schoepfii host for Dibothrium aluterae Linton, E., 1889 host for Distomum pallens Linton, E., 1898c host for Distomum valdeinflatum Linton, E., 1898c Amphipoda 59 Ammodytes hexapterus Alutera schoepfii host for Lemaeolphus sultanus Rathbun, R., 1885 host for Rhynchobothrium buibifer Linton. E.. 1897 Alutera ventralis C. C. Taylor, K B. Bigelow Graham, 1957Amaroucium constellatum Richards, 1963 Parker. F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Ammotrypane aulogaster & H. W. Hartman, 0., 1942b, 1944 Ammotrypane fimbriata Verrill, A. E., S. Smith I. & 0. Harger. 1873 development Jackson, S. F., 1958 Scott, Sister F. M., 1942, 1945-1952 Mills, E. L., 1963 1871b Amaroucium pellucidum constellatum Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a behavior, tadpole larvae Grave, C, 1920 Amarouciur.i stellatum Van Name, W. Verrill. A. E.. 1871b Verrill, A. E.. Anipelisca abdita Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Amaroucium pellucidum Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Verrill, A. E., Amouroucium constellatum Ampelisca metamorphosis Grave, C, 1941b Amaroucium glabrum larval G., 1907-1912a 1871b morphology Mills, E. L.. 1964a Ampelisca compressa Cushman, J. A., 1906 Holmes. S. J.. 1905 Ampelisca macrocephala Cushman. J. A., 1906a Ampelisca vadorum morphology Mills. Eric L.. 1964a Amphiascus commensalis Seiwell. H. R.. 1929 Amphiascus dactylifer Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Ameiurus nebulosus embryos Armstrong, P. B., 1957 larvae Mead, A. D., 1898 Americanus americanus larvae Mead, A. D., 1898 Americanus harengus larvae Mead, A. D., 1898 Amino acids effect on development Mathews, A. P., 1909 uptake by invertebrates Stephens, G. C. & R. A. Schinske, 1958 Ammobaculites & Phleger, F. B. W. R. Walton, 1950 Ammobaculites dilitatus Parker, F. L., 1952 Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Ammodiscus Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Ammodytes americanus Smith, H. M., 1898a tidal currents Williams. G. C, 1960 Ammodytes dubius Richards, Smith, H A.,et al, 1963 M., 1898a S. Maragalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 productivity Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 nom. nov. Hulburt, E.M.. 1957 iron requirements Ryther, J. H. & D. D. Kramer. 1961 physiology McLachlan. 1961 Amphidinium crassum Hulburt. E.M.. 1957 Amphidinium sphenoides Hulburt, E.M., 1957 Amphidinum wislouchi Hulburt. E-M.. 1957 Amphineura Hunter, W. R. & S. C. Brown, 1965 hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Amphidinium carteri Amphinome pallasic Moore, J. P., 1903b Amphioplus abdita Clark, H. L., 1908 artifex exchange by WTTion. C. B., 1932 Amphidinium pigments host for Corallobothrium fimbriatum Linton, E., 1941 Americanus aerjeus Ammochares S. A., et al. Ammotium salsum Gray, G. M.. 1940a Amphipleura rutilans polysaccharides of Lewin, R. A., 1955 Amphipoda Bousfield, F. L., 1965 Kidder. G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Mills. E. L.. 1964b Smith. S. L, 1877-1882c anaerobiosis Wieser. W. & J. Kanwisher. 1959 60 Amphipoda Anaitis picta Amphipoda Verrill, A. E., behavior Holmes, S. J., Graff, L. v., 1911 breeding Anarhichas lupus Mead, A. D., 1898 ecology Platzman, S. J., 1960 Smith, H. M., 1898a Anatomy Dinobothrium key Holmes, S. J., 1903b S. J., 1905 Linton, E., 1922a Limulus polyphemus new species Holmes, Patten, W. parasites of Mya Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 physiology Werntz, H. 0., 1963 Amphiporus cruentatus Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Amphiporus glutinosus anatomy Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Amphiporus ochraceus host for Rhopalarua Jr., 1898 Jr., 1898 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1898 Linton, E., 1892a Yoldia limatula Drew. G. A., 1899 Anchistrotos occidentalis Wilson, C. B., 1925 Anchorage area changes Provincetown Marindin, H. L., 1892a Anchovia argyrophana development, larval Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 embryology Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Anchovia mitchilli Amphithoe lonsimana Mills, E. L., 1964b Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith Fowler, H. W., 1917 & 0. Harger, 1873 Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940,1941 history S. J., Jr., Thysanocephalum crispum 1873 Holmes, Smith, S. I., 1874-1878 arenaria Belding, D. L., 1930 Spirorbis borealis Schively, M. A., 1897 classification Montgomery, T. H., Amphithoe compta W. A. Redenbaugh, 1899 Nemertean Montgomery, T. H., Meinkoth, M. A., 1956 Amphiporus viresiens anatomy Montgomery, T. H., & Malacostraca Mills, E. L., 1962, 1963, 1964a life 1880-1886 Anaperus gardineri 1901, 1903a 1901 Amphitrite attenuata Moore, J. P., 1906 Amphitrite omata development Mead, A. D., 1897 spawning Scott, J. W., 1909, 1911 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Anachis avara larvae Scheltema, R. S. & A. H. Scheltema, 1963 Anaerobic survival Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Anaitides catenola Hartman, 0., 1942b, 1944 Anaitis formosa Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Ancinus depressus Richardson, H., 1909 Ancistrocephalus aluterae parasite of Ceratacanthus schoepfi Linton, E., 1941 Ancistrocephalus microcephalus parasite of Mola mola Linton, E., 1941 Ancyrocephalus parvus parasite of Strongylura marina Linton. E.. 1942 Anemonia sargassensis Hargitt, C. W., 1 908, 1914 Angiospermae Milne, L. & M. Milne, 1951 Moul, E. T., 1964 Renn, C. E., 1936a distribution Collins, F. S., 1891 Elizabeth Islands Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 Penikese Island Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1933 parasites of Renn, C. E., 1935, 1936b Anguilla bostonensis Costello, D. P., 1946a Anomalocera pattersonii 61 Anguilla chrysypa Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Deropristis inflata Manter, H. W., 1926 host for Distomum grandiporum Linton, E., 1898c parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Anguilla rostrata Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1942 Fowler, H. W., 1917 Meek, S. E., 1883 behavior Nye, W., Jr., 1883 host for Proteocephalus macwcephalus Linton, E., 1941 host for Rhynchobothhum heterospine Linton, E., 1897 Anguilla vulgaris host for Echinorhynchus agilis Linton, E., 1889 host for Taenia dilatata Linton, E., 1889 Angulochrysis erratic a Lackey, J. B., 1940 Angulus modestus Verrill, A. E., 1872 Animal-sediment relationships Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 Anisonema orbiculatum Lackey, J. B., 1940 Anisoporus manteri life history Hunninen, A. B. & R. M. Cable, 1940 1941 Annelida Copeland, M., 1935 Lewis, M.. 1897 Lyman, T., 1861 Moore, J. P., 1900, 1904, 1905b Pettibone, M. H., 1963 Plaine, H. L., 1952 Turner, H. J. & J. E. Hanks, 1959 Verrill, A. E., 1873, 1880-1886, 1882a Verrill, A. F., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Welch, P. S., 1917, 1933 Wells, G. P., 1961 autecology Rankin, J. S., Jr., 1946 behavior Copeland, M., 1930 Hargitt, C. W., 1906a, 1909a, 1910 Just, E. E., 1914 Lillie, F. R. & E. E. Just, 1913 Miner, R. W., 1912 Mortensen, E. & P. S. Galtsolf, 1944 Scott, J. W.. 1909, 1911 Waterman, A. J., 1934 Yerkes, A. W., 1906 Annelida behavior feeding Copeland, M. & H. L. Wieman, 1924 Faulkner, G. H., 1931 Gross, A. C, 1921 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Thompson, A. D., 1898 community ecology Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Whitely, Jr., 1956 cytology Wilson, E. B., 1892 development Allyn, H. M., 1912 Child, C. M., 1900 Mensch, P. C, 1900 Schively, M. A., 1897 early Mead, A. D., 1897 larval Campbell, M. A., 1957 distribution Hartman, O., 1942a gametogenesis Turner, H. J., heliotropism, larval Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1960 Kanda, S., 1919 hermophroditism Gregory, L. H., 1905 morphology Langdon, F. E., 1900 new species Moore, J. P., 1903a, 1905a, 1906, 1907a, 1907b Pettibone, M. H., 1955, 1956 Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 parasites of Calkins, G. N., 1915 Linton, E., 1915d Martin, W. E., 1944 parasitic Allen, M. J., 1952 pelagic Moore, J. P., 1903b Rand's Harbor Burbank, W. D., M. E. Pierce Whiteley, Jr., 1956 regeneration Smith, S. D., 1963 reproduction Martin, E. A., 1933 salinity influence on Sayles, L. P., 1935 seasonal distribution Woods Hole Fish, C. J., 1925 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Verrill's unpublished plates Hartman, 0., 1944 Woods Hole Welch, P. S., 1917, 1933 Anomalocera pattersonii Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 & G. C. 62 Anomia aculeata Anthozoa Anomia aculeata behavior fossil Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 AUabach. L. F., 1905 Boschma, H.. 1925 Miocene Brown. T. C. 1905 Anomia simplex and Polydora ciliata phylogeny McMurrich. symbiosis Plaine, H. L., 1952 Anomia simple xijormis Miocene Brown. T. C, 1905 Anoncholaimus mobilis Cobb. N. A.. 1920 Anoplodactylus lentus Wilson, E. B., 1880 behavior Cole. L. J., 1901 feeding Cole, L. J., 1906 blood cells, colored Dawson, A. B., 1934 Anoplophrya arches tii S^I^ers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 Anthura brunnea Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith 4 0. Harger, 1873 Anthura polita Harger, 0., 1880a Anthobothnum laciniatum parasite of Carcharias obscurus Linton, E., 1889-1891 parasite of Prionace glauca Linton, E., 1898b Anthobothnum pulvinatum Linton. E., 1889-1891 parasite of Dasyatis centrura Linton. E., 1898b parasite of Trygon centrura Linton, E., 1889-1891 Anthocephalum gracile parasite of Trygon centrura Linton, E.. 1889-1891 Anthoceros morphology Davis, B. M.. 1899 Anthostoma acutum Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harper, Anthostoma crassum Rathbun, R., 1885 Anthostoma fragile \. Smith & 0. Harper. I. Smith & 0. Harger 1873 Anthostoma robustum Verrill. A. E., S. J. P., 1891a Boschma, H., 1925 Antibiosis in sea water Saz, A. K., 1963 Anti-fouling Balanus balanoides Clarke, G. L., 1947 Balanus ebumeus Clarke, G. L.. 1947 Mytilis edulis Clarke. G. L.. 1947 Anti-staphylococcal factor in sea water Saz, A. K., S. Watson, S. R. Brown, D. L. Lowery, 1963 Antithamnion floccosum epiphytic on Laminaria longicruris Collins, F. S., 1914 Anurida maritima embryology Claypole, A. M., 1898 oogenesis Claypole, A. M., 1898 Apeltes quadracus Fowler, H. W., 1917 development, larval Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 embryology Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe. 1917 exchange by tidal currents Williams. G. C. 1960 host for Anisoporus manteri Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable. 1940, 1941 morphology Harper, F., 1928 Aphanocapsa pulchra Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor. 1928 Aphanostoma olivaceum Verrill. A. E. 1888-1892c Apherusa gracilis Holmes. S. 1873 Verrill. A. E.. S. Hargitt. C. W., 1907 feeding Anomia paucistriata 1873 Anthozoa Hargitt, C. W.. 1914 Verrill. A. E., 1873. 1880-1886. 1898 J.. 1905 Aphrodita hastata Moore. J. P.. 1905a Aphroditidae Pettibone, M. H.. 1963 Aplidium pallidum Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Apogon maculatus Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901 Arabella parasite of Diopatra cuprea Allen, M. J.. 1952 Arabella tricolor Hartman. 0., 1942b, 1944 Argulus megalops 63 Arabella opalina behavior Miner, R. W.k 1912 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Archaeoplax signifera Packard, A. S., 1900 Arabella spinifera Moore, J. P., 1906 Arachnida anaerobiosis Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Archiannelida Moore, Arenicola Stimpson, W., 1863 Miocene Cushman, Arachnoidea J. P., 1905b 1904 climatic (winter) effects on Parker, R. W., 1934 development Child, C. M., 1900 behavior Montgomery, T. H., Merostomata Jr., 1911 Arbacia Harvey, E. B., 1939a color changes & Arenicola larvae predators Turner, H. J., Jr., J. C. Ayers C. L. Wheeler, 1948 & b Parker, G. H., 1931 development Allee, W. C. & C. Evans, 1937 egg carbon dioxide, effect on Haywood, C. & W. S. Root, 1930 larval behavior geotaxis Lyon, E. P., 1906a parthenogenesis Greeley, A. W., 1902 reproduction sex determination Harvey, E. B., 1939c, 1953 Arbacia punctulata Auclair, W., 1965 Jackson, R. T., 1927 amino acids influence on egg Mathews, A. P., 1909 behavior feeding Parker, G. H., 1932 development AHee, W. C. & G. Evans, 1937a pluteus arms Glaser, 0., 1950 gamete viability Cheney, R. H., 1950 growth and metamorphosis Harvey, E. B., 1949a, 1949b hermaphroditism Zimmerman, A. M., S. E. B. Harvey, 1960 morphology Jackson, R. T., 1927 phototaxis Holmes, J. A., S. J., 1912 reproduction Palmer, L., 1935 Archaeology Harwich Julien, A. A., 1907 B. Zimmerman & behavior Welsh, J. H., 1933 heliotropism Kanda, S., 1919 Arenicola caroledna Wells, n. P. 1961 Arenicola marina tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Areoparrella mexicana Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Arenosetella fissilis Pennak, R. W., 1942a Arenostella spinicauda Wilson. C. B.. 1932 Argulidae Wilson, C. B., 1903b Argulus alosae Wilson, C. B., 1903b, 1905a Argulus catostomi Wilson, C. B., 1905a Argulus funduli Wilson, C. B., 1903b, 1905a Argulus l aticauda Rathbun, R., 1885 Verrill. A. E., S. I. Smith & O. Harger, 1873 Wilson, C. B., 1903b, 1905a Argulus latus Rathbun, R., 1885 Verrill. A. E.. S. 1. Smith & 0. Hareer. 1873 Wilson, C. B., 1903b Argulus megalops Rathbun, R., 1885 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 Wilson, C. B., 1903b, 1905a 64 Argulus megalops Argulus megalops larvae Wilson, C. B., 1903a Armadillidium vulgare embryology McMurrich, J. P., 1895 Armorella spaerica Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Artemia salina growth estimates Sutcliffe, W. H., Jr., 1965 Arthropoda Atwood, N. E., 1865 Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Burbanck, W. D., 1959, 1961, 1962 Burbanck, W. D. & M. P. Burbanck, 1958 Claff, C. L., J. N. Sudak & L. Moloney, 1958 Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 Cushman, J. A., 1906a Dawson, A. B., 1934 Fingerman, M., 1955 Hansen, H. J., 1915 Harger, 0., 1880a, 1880b Herrick, F. H., 1911 Hitchcock, E. & A. A. Gould, 1883 Kidder, G. W. 8l F. M. Summers, 1935 Menzies, R. J. & C. Beckman, 1958 Mills, E. L., 1964b Lyman, T., 1861 Pearse, A. S., 1914a & b Rabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 Rathbun, R., 1887b Rathbun, M. J., 1905 Richardson, H., 1909 1952 Welsh, J. H., 1932, 1933 White, G. M., 1924 Sanders, H. L., 1957, 1963a, 1963b Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Shuster, C. N., 1950 Smith, S. I., 1877-1882b, 1877-1882c, Yerkes, R., 1902a feeding Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Cole, L. J., 1906 De la Cruz, A. H., 1960 1878-1882, 1880 Smith, W. R., 1964 Stunkard, H. W., 1950b, 1956 Sumner, F. B., 1909 Thompson, M. T., 1904b Fuller, J. L., 1937 MuUin, M. M., 1963 mating U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Visscher, J. P., 1938 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Chidester, F. E., 1911 Pomerat, C. M., 1933 bioluminescense David, C. N. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Lochhead, J. H., 1954 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Wigley, R. L., 1961b, 1963a Wilkens, J. L. & M. Fingerman, 1965 Wilson, C. B., 1903a, b, 1905a, 1932 Wilson, E. B., 1880 Yeatman, H. C, 1963 Zullo, V. A., 1963 anaerobiosis Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 commensalism Pearse, A. H G. C. Whiteley, W. A. Redenbaugh, 1899 anti-fouling Clarke, G. L., 1947 behavior Barnwell, F. H. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1963 Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, 1959a & Brown, F. A., Sandeen, 1953 J. Jr., Shriner & R. A. Brown, M. F. Bennett & M. 1913 I. Jr., 1956 development Faxon, W., 1879 a& b McClendon, J. F., 1906-1907 Ryder, J. A., 1886a & b Smith, S. I., 1877-1882a 1959b Bennett, M. F., 1957 S., community ecology Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce, anatomy Patten, W., Arthropoda behavior Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Sandeen, H. M. Webb, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr. & M. N. Hines, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen, N. Fingerman, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen, C. L. Ralph, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr. &G. C. Stephens, 1951 Brown, F. A., Jr. & H. M. Webb, 1949 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett, 1955a Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett, M. I. Sandeen, 1954 Brown, F. A., H. M. Webb, R. C. Graves, 1952 Bumpus, H. C, 1901 Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske, J. R. Comer, 1964 Cole, L. J., 1901 Dembowski, J. B., 1926 Holmes, S. J., 1901, 1903a Johnson, W. H. & J. E. G. Raymont, 1939 Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1911 Nye, W., Jr. ,1887c Parker, G. H., 1902 Pearl, R., 1904 Schallek, W., 1942 Spaulding, E. G., 1904a Webb, H. M. & F. A. Brown, 1958 Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown & R. C. Graves, 1872, 1873, 1874-1878, Aschelminthes 65 Arthropoda Ostracoda Arthropoda development distribution larval Chamberlain, N. A., 1957 distribution Genthe, K. W., 1905 Buzzards Bay Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 diurnal rhythms Stephens, G. C, 1955 Stephens, G. C, J. P. Green, B. Guttman & R. A. Schinske, 1958 ecology Platzman, embryology S. J., 1960 Bumpus, H. C, 1891 Kingsley, J. S., 1892 VIcMurrich, J. P., 1895 excystation Trager, W., 1957 fossil Cushman, J. A.. 1905 Packard, A. S., 1900 Stimpson, W., 1863 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 heliolropism Lyon, E. P., 1906b intertidal Pennak, R. W., 1942a & b Pennak, R. W. & D. J. Zinn, 1943 key Holmes, life S. J., 1903b history Hyman, 0. W., 1922 Johnson, M. W., 1934 metamorphosis Thompson, M. T., 1904a Miocene Cushman, J. A., 1904a, 1905b J. A., 1906b physiology Hyde, I. H., 1894 Raymont, J. E. G. & R. Shoup, C. S., 1932 J. Conover, 1961 Werntz, H. O., 1963 planktonic Deevey, G. B., 1948 predators Turner, H. J., J. C. Ayers & C. L. Wheeler, 1948 Rands Harbor Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce, G. C. Whitely, reproduction Pearce, respiration Jr., 1956 J. B., 1964 Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 seasonal production Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 sex characteristics Reinhard, E. G., 1949 symbiosis with Hydrozoa Cole, L. J., 1910 winter distribution Irving, L., 1942 Ascaris morphology Cole, L. J., 1910 Fales, D. E., 1928 Green, J. P., 1964 Hessler, R. R. & H. L. Sanders, 1964 Jenner, C. E., 1955 WiUey, C. H., 1958 Linton, E., 1898a Ascari s brevicapitata parasite of Galeocerdo tigrinus Linton, E, 1910b Ascaris clavata parasite of Pollachius virens Linton, E., 1901a Ascaris havena mortality Fraenkel, G., 1960 parasite of natural history Hughes, Cushman, parasites of Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940 Coe, W. R., 1920b. Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 parasitic Rathbun, R., 1885, 1887a, 1888 Reinhard, E. G., 1945, 1946 Thompson, M. T., 1902 Wilson, C. B., 1905b, 1906, 1921, 1925 new species Connolly, C. J., 1929 J. T. & G. C. Matthiessen, 1962 nematode parasites of Cobb. N. A., 1928 new species Benedict, J. E., Chace, F. A., 1901 Jr., 19S Connolly, C. J., 1929 Harger, Oscar, 1878 Holmes, S. J., 1905 lUg, P. L., 1955 Jones, N. S. & W. D. Burbanck, 1959 Kingsley, J. S., 1895 Mills, E. L., 1962, 1964a Richardson, H., 1908 Seiwell, H. R., 1929 Opsanus tan Linton. E.. 1901a Ascaris incurva parasite of Xiphias gladius Linton, E., 1898a Ascaris inquies parasite of Rachycentron Linton, E., 1901b Ascaris linstowi canadum parasite of Nematonurus goodei Linton. E.. 1901b Aschelminthes Cobb, N. A., 1932 Wieser, W., 1960 anaerobiosis Wieser. W. & J. Kanwisher. 1959 66 Aschelminthes Asterias forbesi morphology, functional Budington, R. A., 1942 Aschelminthes ecology Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1961 natural history Mead, A. D., 1901 intertidal distribution Cobb, N. A., 1929 new species Cobb, N. A., 1920 parasitic on Copepoda Cobb, N. A., 1928 Ascidia nigra larval metamorphosis Grave, C, 1941b Ascidians Verrill, A. E., 1871a Ascocyclus distromaticus Taylor, W. R., 1936 Ascophyllum anaerobiosis Wieser, W. & J. parthenogenesis Greeley, A. W., 1902 photokinesis Rockstein, M. & M. Rubinstein, 1957 physiology Burnett, A. L., 1955 Asterias rubens physiology Chambers, R., 1930 Asterias spongiosa Desor, E., 1851a Asterias vulgaris breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Kanwisher, 1959 Ascophyllum nodosum natural history Mead, A. D., 1901 Asteroidea Agassiz, A., 1877 Desor, E., 1851a Greeley, A. W., 1902 Tennent, D. H. & M. Collins, F. S., 1914 Asellus communis embryology McMurrich, J. P., 1895 Asparagopsis hamifera Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Asperococcus superbus Lewis, \. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1921 Aspedobothrea autonomy Anderson, classification Stunkard, H. W., 1962b Astarte castanea Carpenter, H. F., 1889 Winkley, H. W., 1907 fossil Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Astarte crebricostata Wilson, J. H., 1905 Astarte quadrans Carpenter, H. F., 1889 Asteracanthion forbesi Desor, E., 1851a Asteracanthion rubens Desor, E. ,1851a Asterias Desor, E., 1851a Asterias forbesi Budington, R. A., autonomy Anderson, J. M., Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 Chidester, F. E., 1929 Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, Jr., 1955 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 embryology Chambers, R., 1930 life history Galtsoff, P. S. & V. L. Loosanoff. 1939 morphology, functional Budington, R. A., 1942 Astrangia danae Hargitt, C. W., 1914 behavior feeding 19,42 Boschma, H., 1925 symbiosis with Zooxanthellae Boschma, H., 1925 Asymmetrella glabra Cobb, N. A., 1920 Atherina notata 1956 Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 on Fundulus Chidester, F. E., 1929 on Mytilus edulis Lavoie, M. E., 1956 Lavoie, M. E. & G. G. Holz, breeding Lyman, T., 1861 Athlennes hians Jr., 1955 Mead, A. D., 1898 gametes Smith, H.^1., 1898a << 1898b Attheyella bicolor Wilson, C. B., 1932 Yeatman, H. C, 1963 Atylus swammerdami Mills, E. L., 1964b Chaet, A. B., 1964 Amelia history Galtsoff, P. S. M. Rubenstein, 1957 natural history Mead, A. D., 1901 behavior feeding life & & Hogue, 1906 1956 J. M., behavior Rockstein, M. feeding J. V. L. Loosanoff, 1939 occurrence of Mead, A. D., 1898 67 Balanus proteus Bacteria Aurelia jlavidula morphology, variations Hargitt, C. W., 1905c Austrolaenilla lanelleae Pettibone, M. H., 1955 Hock, C. W., 1940 Renn, C. E., 1937 Saz, A. K., S. Watson, S. R. Brown D. L. Lowery, 1963 Smith, W. R., 1964 Zobell, C. E., 1939 decomposition of organic matter Waksman, S. A., C. L. Carey & H. W. Reuszer, 1933 Autecology benthic algae Conover, J. T., 1958 Clymenella torquata Rankin, J. S., Jr., 1964 Pecten Belding, D. L., 1910b Autolytus rate Waksman, S. A. & C. E. Renn, 1936 Eel Pond Arcisz, W., E. Wattie & J. L. Dallas, 1953 Kelly, C. B., 1950 effect on nitrogen cycle Waksman, S. A., M. Hotchkiss & C. L. Carey, 1933 marine Renn, C. E., 1937 marine mud Reuszer, H.W., 1933 plankton decomposition in marine mud Renn, C. E., 1940 reduction hydrogen sulfide Berner, R. A., 1963 sea water Reuszer, H. W., 1933 sediments Russell, H. L., 1892, 1893 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Autolytus emertoni Hartman, 0., 1942a Autolytus mirabilis Verrill, A. E ., 1882a, 1882b Autolytus ornatus Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Autolytus varians Hartman, 0., 1942a & 1944 stolonization Mensch, P. Autonoe smithi Holmes, S. Autonomy C, J., 1900 1905 Asterias forbesi Anderson, J. M., 1956 Leptosynapta inhaerens Pearse, A. S., 1909 Balaena fossil Ophioderma Allee, W. C. & J. R. Fowler, 1932 Thyone briareus Pearse, A. S., 1909 hydranth Morse, M., 1909 Auxis rochei host for Gasterostomum capitatum Linton, E., 1940 Auxis thazard Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951 Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow Graham, 1957 H. W. argentatus Stunkard, H. W., 1953 parasite host Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 stomach contents Gross, A. 0., 1923 Axine gracilis parasite of Strongylura marina Linton, E., 1942 Bacillaria Ryder, J. A., 1885 Bacillus limicola Russell, H. L., 1893 Bacillus litorosus Russell, H. L., 1893 Bacillus maritimus Russell, H. L., 1893 Bacillus pelagicus Russell, H. L., 1893 Lyell, C, 1844 Balaenoptera acuto-rostrata Allen, G. M., 1916 Balaenoptera borealis Allen, G. M., 1916 Balaenoptera musculus Allen, G. M., 1916 Balaenoptera physalus Allen, G. M., 1916 Balanoglossus life & Aves Laws & history Agassiz, A., 1873 Balanoglossus kowaleuskii behavior Miner, R. W., 1912 development Morgan, T. H., 1892 Balanus balanoides fouling Clarke, G. L., 1947 light receptacle organ Fales, D. E., 1928 Balanus ebumeus anti-fouling Clarke, G. L., 1947 development Grave, B. H., 1933 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 light receptacle organ Fales, D. E., 1928 Balanus proteus Miocene, Gay Head Cushman, J. A., 1904a Balistes asperrimus 68 Balistes asperrimus Smith, H. H., 1898b Balistes carolinensis Firth, F. E., 1931 Balistes sobaco Smith, H. M., 1898b Balistidae Smith, H. M., 1898a Barnstable Harbor Nassarius trivittatus larvae Scheltema, R. S. & A. H. Scheltema, 1965 Ostrea growth Turner, H. J., Jr., 1950 plankton Ketchum, B. H., 1954 Bamboo worms see Clvmenella and Maldanidae Barentsia laxa population dynamics Mya arenaria Ayers, J. C, 1956 morphology Rogick, M. D., 1945-1949 sediments reproduction Rogick, M. D., 1945-1949 larvae of Visscher, J. P., 1939 see Cirripedia (shelled types) systematics and distribution Zullo, V. A., 1963 Barometric pressure on Fucus Brown, F. A., Jr., Faure-fremiet, E., 1956 Barnstable Marsh Redfield, A. C, 1959, 1965a, 1965b, 1965c Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a, 1962b palynology Butler, P., 1959 H-M. Webb, & peat M. Rubin, 1962a, 1962b sediments Butler, P., 1959 Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a, 1962b Bass Rip beach changes U. D. Tuttle, 1961 Sandy Neck S. Coast & Geodetic Survey (A. D. Bache), 1847 Bass River Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954a, 1954b, 1957 Zeigler, J. M. et al, 1961 sea level Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a & b Vaucheria nasuta Bernatowicz, A. J., 1958 Barnstable County marine fisheries of Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Barnstable dunes plant ecology Boyce, S. G., 1952, 1954 Barnstable Harbor Ampelisca (type locality) Lysiosquilla grayi Chace, F. A., Jr., 1958 Batea secunda Holmes, S. J., 1905 Bathymetry of Stellwagen Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951a Ketchum, B. H., 1954 & light Taylor, W. R. & J. D. Palmer, 1963 diatom populations of mud flats Moul, E. T. & D. Mason, 1957 heat budget, summer Ayers, J. C, 1955 hydrography Ayers, J. C, 1959 intertidal benthic fauna Sanders, H. L.,E. M. Goudsmit, E. L. Mills & G. E. Hampson, 1962 Limulus J., Jr., 1951 & B. Oostdam, 1960 Bathyporeia quoddyensis Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Batrachus tau development Clapp, C. M., 1891 host for Siphodera vinaledwardsii Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941 Bdelloura propinqua Verrill, A. E., Beach as copepod circulation diatom photosynthesis Bank Zeigler, J. M. Mills, Eric L., 1964a ciliate fauna migrations Turner, H. & Redfield, A. C. Bars, sand composition on outer Cape Zeigler, J. et al, 1965 Barnstable S. W. R. Walton, 1950 Hantzschia amphioxys, intertidal sand W. J. Brett, 1958 Zeigler, J. M. t & Phleger, F. B. tidal rhythm, 1892-1895 intertidal habitat Pennak, R. W., 1942a, 1942b plants Moul, E. T., 1964 sand Orleans Provincetown Schlee, J. E., E. Uchupi Trumbull, 1964 & J. V. A. textural study Schalk, M., 1938 Beach changes daily measurements Zeigler, J. M. & S. D. Tuttle, 1961 during storms Zeigler, J. M., C. R. Hay«s & S. D. Tuttle, 1959 Chaetopterus variopedatus 69 Behavior Beaches Botryllus schlosseri larvae Woodbridge, H., 1924 breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 breeding habits Shaler, N. S., 1895 Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Chatham near shore studies U. S. Beach Erosion Board, 1957 Duxbury Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954a & b, 1957 Zeigler, John, & Forbes, A., 1933 larval attachment Lynch, W. F., 1958 Bugula flabellata D. J. Zinn, 1943 Zeigler, J. M., I960 Zeijler, J., S. Tuttle, B. Gill, H. & G. Giese, 1961 Tasha 1954a, 1954b, 1957 & J., S. Tuttle, B. Gill, H. Tasha G. Giese, 1961 stimuli cod Atwood, N. E., 1861 Columbella lunata Welsh, J. H., 1933 Parker, G. H., 1902 Schallek, W., 1942 Welsh, J. H., 1933 see Microciona prolifera Beds, intertidal & A. parasitic S. Knox, 1943 Behavior Lyman, & Grave, B. H., 1922 Copepoda Beach fleas, hoppers see Amphipoda Bearded sponges Savles. R. W. Grave, B. H., 1?30 Lynch, W. F., 1949 Carcinus Yerkes, R., 1902a Chaetopleura apiculata spawning habits Sandy Neck, Barnstable Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Zeigler, avicularia Tattle, B. Gill, S. H. Tasha & G. Giese, 1961 Martha's Vineyard Whiting, H. L., 1886 Mystacocarida Pennak, R. W. Outer cape Just, E. E., 1914 Bugula T., 1861 Alectrion pedal cilia Copeland, M. A., 1919 Amaroucium pellucidum constellation tadpole larvae Grave, L., 1920 Amphipoda Holmes, S. J., 1903a Amphithoe longimana Holmes, S. J., 1901 Anguilla rostrata Nye, W., Jr., 1883 Annelida Miner, R. W., 1912 Anoplodactylus lentus Cole, L. J., 1901 Anthozoa Hargitt, C. W., 1907 Arbacia Harvey, E. B., 1939a, 1939b larvae, geotaxis of Lyon, E. P., 1906a Arbacia punctulata phototaxis Holmes, S. J., 1912 Arenicola larvae Welsh, J. H., 1933 Asterias Rockstein, M. & M. Rubinstein, 1957 Balanoglossus kowaleuskii Miner, R. W., 1912 Bioluminescence Chang, J. J., 1954 Wilson, C. B., 1905b Crepidula sex Wiiezynski, J. Z., 1955 sexual phases Coe, M., 1936b Cumingia tellinoides spawning habits & stimuli Grave, B. H., 1927a Cynthia partita light responses Grave, C, 1941a egg laying Scott, J. W., 1909, 1911 Ensis directus Drew, G. A., 1907b Eupagurus Spaulding, E. G., 1904a feeding Anoplodactylus lentus Cole, L. J., 1906 Arbacia Parker, G. H., 1932 Asterias forbesi Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 Chidester, A. E., 1929 Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, 1955 Lavoie, M. E., 1956 Astrangia danae Boschma, H., 1925 Busycon Copeland, M., 1918 Calanus rate Fuller, J. L., 1937 Chaetopterus variopedatus Faulkner, G. H., 1931 Behavior 70_ Behavior feeding Behavior light filter Blake, & gravity Copepoda reactions Johnson, W. H. J. W., 1961 Jennings, J. B., 1957 Gonionemus murbachii Gudger, F. W., 1934 habits Anraku, M. & M. Omuri, 1963 Idothea baltica De la Cruz, A. H., 1960 Mya arenaria Matthiessen, G. C, 1960 Nereis virens Copeland, M. & Wieman, H. L., 1924 Gross, A. C, 1921 Ostrea Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 Ostrea virginica Jorgensen, C. B., 1952 Osteichthyes Herrick, C. J., 1903 Physalia Gudger, E. W., 1942 chemical control & H. A. Schneiderman, 1959 Hanks, J. E., 1952 Protochordata Jcirgensen, C. B., 1952 Pseudopleuronectes americanus Linton, E., 1922b fish Blake, J. H., 1871 reproduction Bumpus, H. C, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c schooling Shaw, E,, 1957 Fundulus spawning Newman, H. Gonionemus H., 1907 Morse, M., 1906, 1907 Murbach, L., 1895, 1909 Gonionema murbachii Yerkes, R. M. & J. B. Ayer, Jr., 1903 Grammonota inomata light and reactions Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1911 Homarus americanus reasoning ability Nye, W., Jr., 1887c Hydroides dianthus Hargitt, C. W., 1909a Yerkes, A. W., 1906 spawning Hargitt, C. W., 1910 llyanassa locomotion Webb, H. M., P. A. Brown & W. J. Brett, 1959a, 1959b Leptosynapta inhaerens swimming Costello, D. P., J. to E. G. Raymont, 1939 Limacina retroversa free-living Turbellaria Lenhoff, H. M. Polinices & 1946b reproduction Hsiao, S. C, 1939 Limulus Pearl, R., 1904 Limulus polyphemus Welsh, J. H., 1933 mating Pomerat, C. M., 1933 Littorina littorea Alexander, D. G., 1960 Loligo Verrill, A. E., 1897 sexual Drew, G. A., 1911 Loligo pealii larvae White, G. M., 1924 mating Arnold, J. M., 1962 Mactra solidissima Belding, D. L., 1910a Malacostraca mating Chidester, F. E., 1911 Merlucius bilinearis Nye, W., Jr., 1887a Mnemiopsis leidyi Hunter. G. W., 1904 Mustelis canis Parker, G. H., 1911, 1915 Sheldon, R. E., 1909 Nassarius Copeland, M., 1918 Nassarius obsoletus schooling & aggregation Jenner, C. E., 1956b, 1957, 1958, 1959 Nereis limbata breeding habits Lillie, F. R. & E. E. Just, 1913 Nereis virens Copeland, M., 1930 . nest building Merrill, A. S. & R. D. Turner, 1963 Osteichthyes Atwood, N. E., 1865 Verrill, A. E., 1897 bio-acoustics Parker, G. H., 1912 rheotaxis Lyon, E. P. ,1905 Ostrea virginica reproduction Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 Palaemonetes phototaxis Lyon, E. P., 1906b Palaemonetes vulgaris larvae White, G. M., 1924 Pallene brevirostris Cole, L. J., 1901 Bolina 71 Bicidium parasitica Behavior Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Plagiostomum Welsh, Polychaeta H., 1933 J. Hargitt, C W., 1906a Polydora ligni Mortensen, E. & P. S. Galtsoff, 1944 Pseudopleuronectes americanus spawning Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922a Reproductive invertebrates of Woods Hole Bumpus, H. C, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c empusa Squilla Bigelow, R. P., 1941 1901 J., Teredo Teredo navalis, sexual phases of Coe, W. R., 1934, 1936a Harvey, E. N. Penilia avirostris & S. P. Marfey, 1958 seasonal distribution Turbellaria Bush, L., 1964 Uca S., 1914a & 1914b Uca pugilator burrowing DemboWski, Venus mercenaria J. B., 1926 early stages Turner, H. J., Jr. &C. J.George, 1955 Bela concinnula Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Bird Island Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 Bittium alternatum Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1942 host for Spelotrema nicolli cercaria Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Bittium nigrum Wilson, J. H., 1905 Winkley, H. W., 1907 Black fiddler crabs Verrill, A. E.. 1880-1886 Bela harpularia Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Bela incisula see Uca pugnax Black quahogs see Arctica islandica cell counts, invertebrates Yeager, J. F. & 0. E. Tauber, 1935 Blood cells, colored Anoplodactylus lentus Dawson, A. B., 1934 Blood Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Bela pleurotomaria Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Belone latimanus Goode, G. B., 1879 Benthic algae see algae Benthic invertebrates change with disappearance of eel grass Stauffer, R. C, 1937 quantitative survey of Menemsha Bight Lee, R. E., 1944 Parker, R. H., et al, 1964, 1965 Benthos Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 Buzzards Bay Parker, et Yentsch, Hulburt, E. M., 1963 1908 S., S. Lochhead, J. H., 1954 Bipedinomonas pyriformis Thyone briareus Pearse, A. Bioluminescence Backus, R. H., C. Mnemiopsis leidyi Chang, J. J., 1954 Chase, A. M., 1941 sexual cycle Grave, B. H., 1942 Pearse, A. Parker, G. H., 1912 Prionotus Moulton, J. M., 1956 Biological farm, for field studies and experimentation Whitman, C. 0., 1902 A. Wing, 1961 Metridia lucens David, C. N. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Tanystylum orbiculare Cole. L. Big fiddler crabs see Uca minax Bio-acoustics Osteichthyes al, 1964, 1965 intertidal of Barnstable Harbor Sanders, H. L., E. M. Goudsmit, E. L. Mills & G. E. Hampson, 1962 Bianium plicitum parasite of Spheroides maculatus Linton, E., 1934c Blood clams see Anadara (various species) Blood stars see Henricia sanguinolenta Blood vascular system of tile fish Silvester, C. F., 1905 Blood worms see Glycera Blue crabs see Callinectes sapidus Bodopsis platyformis Lackey, J. B., 1940 Bolbdaimus punctatus Cobb, N. A.. 1920 Bolbella tenuidens Cobb, N. A., 1920 Bolina Agassiz, A., 1862 1940 72 Bolivina pseudoplicata Bottom fauna community ecology Hadley Harbor Bolivina pseudoplicata Parker, F. L., 1952 Bolivina variabilis Parker, F. L., 1952 Parker, et Northrop, J., 1951 Bolocera multicomis Verrill, A. E., 1964, 1965 al, Bottom markings Bottom pressure fluctuations and surface waves 1880-1886 Seiwell, H. R., 1948 Boltenia bolteni Bottom topography Lieberman, L. N., 1948 morphology Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Northrop, Bomolochus albidus Wilson, C. B., 1932 parasite of Lophius piscatorius Wilson, C. B., 1932 Borer, timber Smith, S. I., 1880 Boring organ, accessory Carriker, M. R. & D. van Zandt, 1964 Boring snails Carriker, M. R. & D. van Zandt, 1964 Hanks, J. E., 1963 behavior, feeding Boulders, fossiliferous Crosby, W. 0., 1881 Bourne fishway at Cape Cod Canal Collins, G. B., 1950 Bowerbankia gracilis Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Rogick, M. D., 1945-1949 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Brachyphallus crenatus Linton, E., 1934c Brackish bogs sediments Berner, R. A., 1963 Brackish water salt pond parasites Cobb, N. A., 1928 Brada setosa Verrill. A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 Branchiobdeila ravenellii parasite of Dasyatis centrura Linton, E., 1901b Botany Hitchcock, E., 1833 Bothriocephalus Linton, E., 1941 Bothriocephalus clavatum Linton, E., 1934c Bothriocephalus claviceps Linton, E., 1941 Bothriocephalus manubriformis parasite of Istiophorus americanus Linton, E., 1941 Bothriocephalus restiformis parasite of Tylosurus caribbaeus Branchiopoda bioluminescence Lochhead, J. H., 1954 Bran ia weilfleetensis Linton, E., 1941 Bothriocephalus scorpii Linton, E., 1934c, 1941 Pettibone. M. H., 1956 Bothus maculatus U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 host for Dibothrium punctatum Linton, E., 1898b (1897) Bread sponges see Halichondria Breeding Amphipoda Botryllus gouldii Mead, A. D., 1898 Annelida Mead, A. D., 1898 development Grave, B. H., 1933 morphology Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Botryllus schlosseri Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Thompson, M. T., 1899 Anthozoa Mead, A. D., 1898 Arthropoda Mead, A. D., 1898 behavior, larval Woodbridge, H., 1924 Thompson, M. T., 1899 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 habitat, larval Asteroidea Mead, A. D., 1898 Bugula turrit a Woodbridge, H., 1924 Whiteley, Jr., 1956 1951 Bowerbankia imbricata Hanks, J. E., 1952 Boring sponges see Cliona (several species) Bostrichobranchus Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b reproduction Watterson, R. L., 1945 variation Bancroft, F. W., 1904 Bottom fauna community ecology Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce J., of Nantucket Bay Lidz, L., 1965 Bougainvilla superciliaris Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Thompson, M. T., 1899 Cnidaria Mead, A. D., 1898 Thompson, M. & G. C. T., 1899 Crustacea Mead, A. D., 1898 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Busycon canaliculatum 73 Breeding time Echinodermata Mead, A. Echinoidea Mead, A. Gastropoda Mead, A. Holuthurioidea Mead, A. Bryozoa D., 1898 D., 1898 D., 1898 D., 1898 Hydrozoa Mead, A. D., 1898 Isopoda Mead, A. D., 1898 Malacostraca Mead, A. D., 1898 Buccinum obsoletum Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1839b Lyman. T., 1861 Buccinum trivittatum Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1839b Buccinum vibex Adams, C. B., 1839b Budding MoUusca Mead, A. D., 1898 Thompson, M. Mysidacaea T., 1899 Mead, A. D., 1898 Nemertinea Coe, W. R., 1899 Osteichthyes Mead, A. D., 1898 Polychaeta Mead, A. D., 1898 Scyphozoa Mead, A. D., 1898 Brevoortia spawning Rathbun, R., 1894 Brevoortia tyrannus Fowler, H. W., 1917 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 development, larval Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 embryology Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 food of Phoca vitulina concolor Griffin, D. R., 1936 host for associated with algae Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Bubble shells see Haminoea Buccinum lunatum Adams. C. B., 1839a Lemaeonema host for Lemanthropus brevoortiae Rathbun, R., 1888 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a J., 1806 Brittle stars see Ophiuroidea Broken back shrimp see Hippolyte Bromius vulgaris Atwood, N. E., 1868 Browns Ledge physical oceanography Day, C. G., 1960 Bryophyta (lichens) Davis, B. M., 1899 Bryopsis hypnoides Collins, P. S., 1906 Lewis. I. F. & W. R. Taylor. 1921 Bryozoa Rogick, M. D.. 1945-1948. 1948 Verrill, A. E., 1873 Gonionema Perkins, H. F., 1903 Buffer capacity sea water Michell, P. H. & N. W. Rakestraw, 1933 Bugula avicularia, behavior Forbes, A., 1933 larval attachment Lynch, W. F., 1958 metamorphosis Lynch, W. F., 1952 Bugula cucullata Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Bugula cucullifera Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 classification Osburn, R. Bugula flabellata C, Rogick, M. D. behavior, larval 1912 & H. Croasdale, 1949 Grave, B. H., 1930 Lynch, W. F., 1949 development Grave, B. H., 1933 radiata Rathbun, R., 1885 Brewster topography Simpkins, larval life history Grave, B. H., 1930 Bugula turrita Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 Bulla gouldii Couthouy. J. P.. 1839 J. P.. 1839 Bulla hiemglis Couthouv. Bulla lineolata Couthouy. J. P.. 1839 Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Woods Hole Linton. E., 1915a & 1915b history Galtsoff, P. S., 1962 scientific investigations, 1923 Coker, R. E., 1924 Busycon canaliculatum feeding Copeland, M., 1918 olfactory organs Copeland, M., 1918 74_ Buzzards Bay Buzzards Bay Buzzards Bay acephalan fauna Agassiz, A., 1862 algae Davis, B. M., 1913a, 1913b animal-sediment relationships Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 Benthos Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 bottom sediments Parker, F. L., 1952 Cephalocarida Sanders, H. L., 1957 Copepoda shark attack, fatal Gudger, E. W., 1950 temperature, water Anraku, M., 1962 Parker, F. L., 1952 zooplankton, seasonal production of Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 Byblis serrata Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 byssis young Mya arenaria Ryder, distribution J. A., 1889 Caesira Anraku, M., 1962 Van Name, W. currents Haight, F. J., 1938 ecology, population Anraku, M., 1962 G., 1907-1912b Caesira lutulenta Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b Caesira rohusta Van Name, W. fauna Allee, W. C, 1919, 1922a, 1922c, 1922d, 1923a, 1923c Verrill, A. E., 1871b Whiteley, G. C, Jr., W. D. Burbanck & M. E. Pierce, 1949 Cushman, feeding Mullin, M. M., 1963 Calanus finmarchicus distribution. Buzzards Nye, W., 1887 food chain I., G., 1907-1912b Van Name, W. Calanus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901a fisheries Peck, J. Foraminifera G., 1907-1912b Caesira singularis distribution 1896 J. H., 1944 foraminiferal facies Parker, F. L., 1952 Bay Anraku, M., 1962 feeding rate Fuller, J. L., 1937 grazing Anraku, M., 1964 Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 growth geology Mather, K., 1952 hydrography Anraku, M., 1964 invertebrate distribution Allee, W. C, 1922d, 1923a Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 morphology Anraku, M. & M. Omori 1963 physiology Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 meiobenthos respiration Wieser, W., 1960 organic matter in sediment Waksman, S. A., 1933 Anraku, M., 1964 Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 seasonal distribution Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 palynology Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 plankton Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 Peck, J. 1., 1896 Protozoa Lackey, J. B., 1936 Pteroplatea altavela Coker, RE., 1922 salinity Anraku, M., 1962 Parker, F. L., 1952 sediments Hough, J. L., 1940 Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 bottom Moore, J. R., 1963 reworking Rhoads, D. C, 1963 survival Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 temperature Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 Calanus hyperboreus physiology Raymont, J. E.G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Calappa marmorata Smith, S. I., 1877-1882b Calanus minor Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Calico-back fiddler crabs see Uca pugilator Caligus bonito Wilson, C. B., 1905b Caligus curtus Rathbun, R., 1885 Cape Cod 75 Calyptrobothrium occidentale Caligus rapax Wilson, C. B., 1905b parasite of Trygon centrura Rathbun, R., 1885 Calkinsia aureus Lackey, J. B., 1960 Callianassa stimpsoni larvae Smith, S. I., 1873 Callinectes hastatus behavior, mating Chidester, F. E., 1911 zoea Thompson, M. T., 1899 Callinectes sapidus Wilson, J. H., 1905 host for Spelotrema nicolli metacercaria Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940 periodicity, daily & tidal Fingerman, M., 1955 Calliobothrium eschrichtii parasite of Mustelus canis Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b (1897) Calliobothrium verticillatum Linton, E., 1898b parasite of Mustelus cams Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b Calliopius laevivsculus anaerobiosis Wieser, W. & I. Kanwisher, 1959 Callithamnion baileyi development of hold fasts Derrick, C. M., 1899 Callithamnion borreri development of hold fasts Derrick, C. M., 1899 Callopora aurita Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Callus color and nutrition Polinices duplicatus Turner, H. J., Jr., 1958 Calocalanus pavo Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901a Calocalanus plumulosus Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Calothrux wave effect on Kingsbury, J. M., 1960 Calycella nuttingi epiphytic on Bugula turrita Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Calycella syringia Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Calyptospadix cerulea Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Eraser, C. M., 1912 Calyptrobothrium parasite of Tetranarce occidentalis Linton, E., 1934c Calyptrobothrium rninus parasite of Torpedo Linton, E., 1907c parasite of Torpedo Linton, E., 1907a, 1907b, 1907c parasite of Tetronarce occidentalis Linton, E., 1901b Campanularia development Crowell, S. & M. Rusk, 1950 growth, terminal Crowell, S. C. & C. Wittenbach, 1957 occurrence of Mead, A. D., 1898 Campanularia agulata Fraser, M., 1912 Campanularia calceolifera C development Grave, B. H., 1933 Campanularia fasciculata FraTer, C. M., 1943 Campanularia flexuosa development Grave, B. H., 1933 Campanularia raridentata Fraser, C. M., 1912 Campanularia verticillata Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Camptonectes burlingtonesis Hollick, A., 1893 Cancer borealis classification and phylogeny Packard, A. S.. 1900 Cancer irroratus behavior, mating Chidester, F E., 1911 classification and phylogeny Packard, A. S., 1900 development, larval Smith, S. L, 1873 host for Choniosphaera cancrorum Connolly, C. J., 1929 Cancer proavitus Packard, A. Miocene Cushman, J. Candace pectinata S., A., 1900 1905b Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Candacia armata Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Cannopilus binoculus Margalef, R., 1960a Canthidermis Smith, H. M., 1898b Canthidermis asperrimus Smith, H. M., 1898a Cape Cod Allorge, M. M., 1906 Oldale, R. N. & C. R. Tuttle, 1964 Cyathura polita, distribution Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 formation of Upham, W., 1879 geology Chamberlain, B. B., 1964 Mather, K., 1952 Shaler, N. S., 1898 Cape Cod 76^ Cape Cod & Islands Cape Cod Chace, F. A., Jr., 1958 natural history Agassiz, L., 1860-1862 Shaler, N. S., J. B. Woodworth Marbutt, 1896 glacial history Wilson, J. H., 1906 post glacial uplift Fairchild, H. L., 1919 Cape Cod lighthouse shore-line Marindin, H. L., 1892a Cape Cod offshore fishing grounds Rich, W. H., 1930 outline Cape Cod Outer Beach geology Wilson, J. H., 1906 Woodworth, J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, 1934 location with reference to New England's algal flora Setchell, W. A., 1922 Lysiosquilla Davis, W. M., 1896 sharks Allen, G. M., 1921 clam fishery Wheeler, C.L., 1948 southern waters soft rare or interesting fish Fowler, H. W., 1917 water movement (non-tidal drift) Bumpus, D. F., 1961 Bumpus, D. F. & C. G. Day, 1957 Bumpus, D. F., J. Chase, C. G. Day, D. H. Frantz, Jr., D. D. Ketchum & R. G. Walden, 1957 whale fishery Anonymous, 1665/66 Cape Cod Bay Centrolophus niger Bean, B. A., 1898 geomorphology M. & B. Oostdam, 1960 Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 hydrography Anraku, M., 1964 organic matter in sediment Waksman, S. A., 1933 Zeigler, J. Pecten fishery Posgay, J. A., 1950, 1953 salinity Fish, C. J., 1928 sediments Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 Hough, J. L., 1942 Phleger, F B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 sub-surface structures Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 temperature, water Fish, C. J., 1928 water movement Fish, C. J., 1928 Cape Cod Canal Parsons, W. B., 1918 Wilcox, B. W., 1958 fish way Collins, G. B., 1950 hydrography Anraku, M., 1964 migration, orientation of Pomolobus Collins, G. B., 1952 Cape Cod Harbor Whitman, L., 1795 & C. F. Schalk, M., 1938 Schlee, J., E. Uchupi & J. V. A. Trum1964 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954a, 1954b, 1957 Zeigler, J. M., 1960 changes Zeigler, J. M., C. R. Hayes, & S. D. Tuttle, 1959 bull, erosion Zeigler, J. M., H. J. Tasha & G. S. Giese, 1964 Zeigler, J. S., S. Tuttle, B. Gill, H. Tasha & G. Giese, 1961 Pleistocene geology Zeigler, J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. Tasha & G. S. Giese, 1964 sand plains Graham, A. W., 1897 cliff sediments Sayles, R. W., 1939 Zeigler, J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. Tasha, G. S. Giese, 1964 Cape Poge Bay exchange of fish by tidal currents Williams, G. C, 1960 Capitella capitata Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Caprellae breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 Carangidae Smith, H. M., 1898a Caranx bartholomaei Smith, H. M., 1898a Caranx crysos MacCoy, C. V., 1934 Caranx hippos MacCoy, C. V., 1934 Carbohydrate content Copepoda Raymont, J. E.G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Carbohydrate, dissolved Walsh, G. E., 1965a & 1965b of Oyster Pond Walsh, G. E., 1964, 1965b Carbon monoxide in float of Physalia Wittenberg, J. B., 1958 Carcharhinus atwood Witman & Lee, Company, 1928 Carcharhinus commersonii host for Rhynchobothrium insigne Linton, E., 1920 77 Cellularia turrita Carcharhinus milberti host for Eudactylina spinifera Wilson, C. B., 1932 Carcharinus obscurus host for Nogagus curticaudis Rathbun, R., 1885 host for Nogagus latreillii Rathbun, R., 1885 host for Pandanis cranchii Rathbun, R., 1885 host for Phoreiobothrium Uiloculatum Linton, E., 1909b host for Rhynchobothrium ingens Linton, E., 1921 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a physiology, digestive tract Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Carcharias atwoodi Storer,D. H., 1851a Carcharias littoralis host for Crossobothrium laciniatum Linton, E., 1894, 1898b, Curtis, W. C, 1903 host for Echinorhynchus carchariae Linton, E., 1892a host for Rhynchobothrium longicome Linton, E., 1898b parasites of Linton, E., 1901a physiology, digestive tract Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Carcharias obscurus host for Anthobothrium laciniatum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Crygmatobothrium angustum Linton, E., 1889, 1889-1891 host for Discoephalum pileatum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Echinorhynchus agilis Linton, E., 1889 host for Gasterostomum arcuatum Linton, E., 1934c host for Phoreiobothrium lasium Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Platybothrium cervinum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Rhynchobothrium bisulcatum Linton, E., 1889 host for Tetrarhynchus bisulcatum Linton, E., 1889-1891 Carcharias fossil teeth Lyell, C, 1844 Carcharias taurus Fowler, H.W., 1917 Carcharias tigris Atwood, N. E., 1869 Anonymous, 1916 Carcharodon atwoodi host for Echthrogaleus denticulatus Rathbun, R., 1885 Carcharodon carcharias Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940, 1958 Smith, H. M., 1898a fatal attack on boy in Buzzards Bay Gudger, E.W., 1950 host for Dinobothrium plicitum Linton, E., 1922a host for Phyllobothrium tumidum Linton, E., 1922c Carcharodon megalodon fossil tooth Sanford, S. N.F., 1934 Carcinides maenas parasites of Stunkard, H. W. 1956 Carcinonemertes carcinophila parasite of Platyonvchus ocellatus Coe, W. R., 1902a, 1902b Carcinus granulatus behavior Yerkes, R., 1902a Carcinus maenas behavior, mating Chidester, F. E., 1911 Cardium groenlandicum Stimpson, W., 1854a Cardium islandicum fossil Verrill, A. E., 1878 Carinogammarus mucronatus host for metacerceria of Anisoporus manteri Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940, 1941 Carinoma tremaphores Thompson, C Carmia fibrexilis . 1900a B., de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Caryophyllaeus terebrans parasite of Notropis rubrifrons Linton, E., 1941 Catalogue of marine invertebrates Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith &0. Harger, 1873 Catostomus commersonii host for Glaridacns catostomi Linton, E., 1941 Caudina arenata Gray, G. M., 1936 Cecrops latreillii parasite of \lola rotunda Rathbun, R., 1885 Cell lineage Nereis Wilson, E. B., 1892 Cellepora canaliculata Osburn, R. C, 1912 Cellepora dichotoma Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Cellularia densa Desor, E., 1851a Cellularia turrita Desor, E., 1851a 78 Centriscus scolopax Cerapus tubularis Centriscus scolopax Gill, T., 1863 Centrolophus niger Bean, B. A., 1898 Smith, H. M., 1898a Smith, S. I., 1877-1882C Ceratacanthus aurantiacus host for Nerocila munda Harger, 0., 1880a Ceratacanthus schoepfi host for Ancistrocephalus aluterai Linton, E., 1941 host for Gargorchis varians Linton, E., 1942 host for Lepidapedon clavatum Centopages bradyi Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Centropages hamatus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 grazing Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 morphology Anraku, M. & Linton, E., 1942 Ceratium Peck, J. I., 1896 Ceratocephale websteri Hartman, 0., 1942a Cercaria Linton, E., 1915d effect of dilute sea water Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 Cercaria cumingiae M. Omori, 1963 respiration Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 Centropage typicus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 behavior Welsh, J. H., 1933 behavior to light & gravity Johnson, W. H. & J. E. G. Raymont, 1939 grazing Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 morphology Anraku, N1. ^ M. Omori, 1%3 Centrophorella lanceolatta Faure-Frement. E. A.. 1951a Centropristes striatus Firth, F. E., 1931 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Cephalacanthus volitans Smith, H. M., 1898a Cephalocarida Sanders, H. L., 1957, 1963a, 1963b & H. L. Sanders, 1964 Cephalopoda Arnold, J. M., 1965 Verrill, A. E., 1873, 1874, 1880 behavior Verrill, A. E., 1897 White, G. M., 1924 mating Arnold, sexual J. M., 1962 Drew, G. A., 1911 development Hibbard, H., 1937 synopsis Verrill, A. E., 1880 Ceramium rubrum & C. R. Shaw, 1931 cycle Stunkard, H. W., 1936 parasite of Nassa obsoleta life Miller, H. M.. Jr. &F. E. Northup. 1926 Cercaria varig andis Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 parasite of Nassa obsoleta Miller. H.^1. Jr. &F. E. Northup, 1926 Cerebratulus lacteus l Derrick, C. M., 1899 epiphytic on Laminaria longicniris Collins, F. S., 1914 Ceramium strictum development of holdfasts Derrick, C. M., 1899 Cerapus minax 1873 Stunkard, H. W. development Shaw, C. R., 1933 Cercaria setiferoides parasite of Nassa obsoleta development of holdfast Verrill, A. E., S. Cable, R. M., 1954 Cercariaeum lintoni Miller, H.M., Jr. &F.E. Northup, 1926 Cercaria loossi parasite of Hydroides hexagonus Martin, W. E., 1944 Cercaria nassicola Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen. 1940 Cercaria parvicaudata Stunkard, H. W., 1950a Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 Cercaria q uisseten sis Stunkard, H.W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 life cycle Stunkard, H.W., 1936 parasite of Nassa obsoleta Miller, H.M., Jr. & F. E. Northup. 1926 Cercaria sensifera Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 morphology Hessler, R.R. parasite of Cumingia tellinoides Martin, W. E., 1938 Cercaria dipterocerca Stunkard, H. W., 1961 parasite of Nassa obsoleta Miller, H.M., Jr., &F.E. Northup, 1926 Cercaria laevicardii parasite of Laevicardium mortoni 1. Smith & O. Harger , anatomy Montgomery, T.H., Jr., 1898 anatomy and classification Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Chalina arbuscula 79 Cerebratulus lacteus development, determination Horstadius, S., 1937 Cerianthus americanus Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Cerithiopsis terebralis Wilson, J. H., 1905 Cerithium emersonii Adams, C. B., 1839 a, 1839b, 1841b Cerithium greenU Adams, C. B., 1839 a. 1841b Cerithium nisrocinctum Adams. C. B., 1839 a, 1839b, 1841b Cerithium reticulatum Adams, C. B., 1839a Chaetoceros pigments Cerithium terebrale Adams. C. B., 1839a. 1841a Ceronia arctata Winkley, H. W., 1907 Chaetodon ocellatus Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 productivity Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Chaetoceros debiles seasonal distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Chaetoceros simplex seasonal distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Chaetodipterus faber Smith, H. M., 1898a Chaetodon bricei Smith, H. M., 1898b, 1899a, 1902b Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b, 1899a, 1902b Chaetodon striatus Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b Cestoda Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1892b, 1898b. 1901b, 1907b, 1907c, 1921, 1922a, 1922c, 1922d, 1924. 1925, 1928. 1934b, 1941 C, L Smith 1873 parasites of Linton, E.. 1927 planktonic seasonal distribution Fish. C. J.. 1925 Chaetogordius canaliculatus Moore. J. P.. 1904 1903 larval Linton, E., 1897 Cestoidea Linton. E.. 1889, 1898b, 1905, 1907a Cestracion zygaena host for Ichthyotaenia adherens Linton, E., 1925 host for Orygmatobothrium forte Linton, E., 1925 host for Phoreiobothrium exceptum Linton, E., 1925 host for Phoreiobothrium pectinatum Linton, E., 1925 host for Tetrarhynchus palUatus Linton, E., 1925 Hunter, W. R. & S. C. Brown, 1965 hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a spawning habits & stimuli Grave, B. H., 1922 Chaetopterus development AUyn, H. M.. 1912 Chaetopterus pergamentaceus U. S. Fish Conwnission. 1901 development Mead, A. D., 1897 tolerance to low salinity Gay Head C, 1844 Pearse. A. S.. 1928 Chaetopterus variopedatus behavior Miner. R. W.. 1912 Mesoplodon Agassiz. L.. 1868 morphology Jackson, J. B. S.. 1845 Cetorhinus maximus Allen, G. M., 1921 Schroeder. W. C, 1939 killed in Hadley Harbor feeding Faulkner. G. H., 1931 commensalism Pearse. A. S., 1913 Chaetosphaeridiaceae Thivy. F.. 1943 Chalina arbuscula Anonymous, 1937 host for Dinobothnum planum Linton. E.. 1922a Chaetobranchus sanguineus Verrill, A. E. & S. 1873 Chaetoceros distribution Peck. J. L. 1896 I. 0. Harger, Thivy. F., 1943 Chaetopleura apiculata Schuck, H. A., 1951a Lyell. & Chaetophoraceae Cetacea Anonymous, 1665-1666 Brown, J. T., 1883 fossils, Smith, H. M., 1898a Chaetognatha Verrill, A. E., S. Verrill, A. E., 1873 development Curtis, W. Chaetodontidae Verrill. A. E.. S. Smith & 0. Harger 1873 . 1. Smith & 0. Harger, 80 Chamaecyparis Chemnitzia seminuda Chamaecyparis bog Stimpson, W., 1854a Cherrystone clams see young Mercenaria Childia spinosa Graff, L. v., 1911 Chilodon feeding Peck, J. I., 1896 Chilodonella hyalina Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Chilodonella longipharynx Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 associated with Talorchestia longicomis Kidder, G.W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Chilodonella rotunda Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Chilomycterus schoepfi Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Ligula chilomycteri Linton, E., 1941 Chilomycterus antillarum Smith, H. M., 1899a Chilomycterus geometricus host for Ligula chilomycteri Linton, E., 1897 Chiridotea coeca Harger, 0., 1880a Chiridotea nigrescens Wigley, R. L., 1961b Chiridotea tuftsii Harger, 0., 1880a Chironomus halophilus Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Bartleti, H. H., 1909, 1911 Chamaesiphon incrustans Lewis, I. F. & R. H. Colley, 1916 Champia parvila development of holdfasts Derrick, C. M., 1899 Channeled whelks see Busycon canaliculatum Chantransia epiphytic on Laminaria longicruris Collins, F. S., 1914 Chappaquiddick Island, Nantucket Eocene fauna Brown, T. C, 1905 Chappaquiddicka pulchella Wilson, C. B 1932 Yeatman, H. C, 1963 Chara aspera Wood, R. D., 1949 Chara braunii Wood, R. D., 1949 Chara canescens Wood, R. D., 1949 Chara delicatula Wood, R. D., 1949 Characeae distribution Wood, R. D., 1949, 1952 Charcarodon fossil teeth Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 Charcharias littoralis Smith, H. M., 1898a 1873 Chitin decomposition Hock, C. W., 1940 Charibdea verrucosa Hargitt, C. W., 1902a Chatham Chitons see Polyplacophora (Amphineura) beach and near-shore studies Beach Erosion Board, 1957 Chlamydomonas beach erosion Beach Erosion Board, 1957 seasonal distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Mya arenaria Chlamydomonas euryale Belding, D. L., 1914 Oyster Pond & Oyster Pond River Shaw, W. N., 1962 polysaccharides of Lewin, R. A., 1955 Chlorella selenastrum Hulburt, E.M., 1963 Chlorinity of interstitial water of mud shore-line changes Mitchell, H., 1873 shore-line geology Marindin, H. L., 1890 Checklist Woods Hole mollusks Slater, E. M., 1960 Chelura terebrans Smith, S. I., 1880 Chemical oceanography Rakestraw, N. W., 1936 Rakestraw, N. W., H. E. Mahncke E. F. Beach, 1936 Siever, R., R. M. Garrels, J. A. Berner, 1961 Chloromyxa funduli parasite of Fundulus Hahn, C. W., 1915 Chloromyxum clupeidae fish parasite Hahn, C. W., 1918 & Chemical stimuli dogfish reaction to Sheldon, R. E., 1909 Chemistry hydrogen sulfide, bacterial sulfate reduction in marine sediments in Buzzards Bay Berner, R. A., 1963 Kanwisher &R. Chlorophyll McLachlan, J., 1961 Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1962 method of determination by fluorescence in phytoplankton Yentsch, C. S. & D. W. Menzel, 1963 variation in phytoplankton Yentsch, C. S. & J. H. Ryther, 1957 Chordata 81 Chloraphylla rocky intertidal zones Gifford, C. E. & E. P. Odum, 1961 Chlorophyta Bernatowicz, A. J., 1958 Blum, J. L., 1960 Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 Collins, F. S., 1901, 1906, 1908a, 1908b Farlow, W. G., 1882 Lewis, I. F., 1916 Thivy, F., 1942, 1943 distribution Collins, F. S., 1891 drifting Collins, F. S., 1914 plankton Hulburt, E. M., 1956b radioactive zinc uptake Gutknecht, J., 1961 symbiosis Boschma, H., 1925 Chlorospermeae Jordan ,D. S., 1874 Choanites ficus de Laubenfels, VI. W., 1949 Chondracanthodes deflexus parasite of Macrourus bairdii Wilson, C. B., 1932 Chondracanthus cottunculi parasite of Cottunculus Rathbun, R., 1887a Chondracanthus galeritus parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Rathbun, R., 1887a Chondracanthus phycidis parasite of Phycis tenuis Rathbun, R., 1887a Chondria dasyphila developmen t of holdfasts Derrick, C. M., 1899 Chondria tenussima development of holdfasts Derrick, C. M., 1899 Chondrichthyes Allen, G. M., 1921 Anonymous, 1916, 1926, 1937 Atwood, N. E., 1866a, 1869 Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940, 1958 Lyman, T., 1861 Putnam, F. W., 1874 Radcliffe, L., 1916. 1928 Schroeder, W. C, 1933, 1939 Smith, H. M., 1922 Spaeth, R. A., 1921 Storer, D. H., 1843a, 1844b, 1848c, 1851a, 1851b Witman >S: Lee Company, 1928 attacking man Gudger, E.W., 1936 attacking man, fatal Gudger, E. W., 1950 behavior Parker, G. H., 1911, 1915 Chondrichthyes behavior Sheldon, R., 1909 development TeWinkel, L. E., 1950 distribution in Coker, R. E., 1922 southern Cape Cod Waters Garman, S. W., 1875 Fowler, H.W., 1917 morphology Gudger, E. W., 1933 new species Garman, S., 1886 parasites of Curtis, W. C, 1903 Kudo, R., 1923 Linton, E., 1907c, 1921, 1922d, 1925 physiology Sullivan, M. X., 1908 placoid scales Sayles, L. P. & S. G. Hershkowitz, 1937 reproduction Hsiao, F. L. & A. Albert, 1947 sense of smell Parker, G. H. & R. E. Sheldon, 1914 temperature Kidder, J. H., 1880 tooth succession Ifft, J. D. & D. J. Zinn, 1948 Chondrus crispus Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 wave effects on Kingsbury, J. M., 1960 Chordafilum polysaccharides of Lewin, R. A., 1955 Chordaria flagelliformis polysaccharides of Lewin, R. A., 1955 Choniosphaera cancrorum Connolly, C. J.. 1929 larval development Connolly, C. J., 1929 Chordata Allen, G. M., 1916 Anonymous, 1916, 1926, 1937 Armstrong, P. B., 1957 Armstrong, P. N. & J. S. Child, 1965 Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1949, 1951 Atwood, N. E., 1865, 1866a, 1866b, 18661868, 1868, 1869 Bangs, 0., 1897 Backus, R. H., 1962 Baird, S. F., 1873b Bancroft, F. W., 1904 Bean, B. A., 1898 Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1936, 1940. 1953. 1958 Brown, Brown, -'i. G., 1879 1883 1899 Desor, E., 1851d J. T., Bumpus, H. C, 82 Chordata Chordata Edwards, V. N., 1878 Edwards, R. L., R. Livingstone P. E. Hamer, 1962 Eigenmann, C. H., 1902b Goode, G. B., 1879, 1888 Gudger, E. W., 1930 Harper, F., 1928 Lyman, T., 1861 MacCoy, C. V., 1931, 1934 Mather, P. J., IH, 1952 Mathews, S. A., 1938 Meek, S. E., 1883 Chordata behavior & Miller, G. S., Jr., 1897 Olsen, Y. H. & D. Merriman, 1946 Putnam, F. W., 1871, 1874 Radcliffe, L., 1916, 1928 Richards, S. A., A. Perlmutter & D. C. McAnany, 1963 Rogers, C. H., 1938 Schevill, W. E., 1956 Schroeder, W. C, 1933, 1937, 1939 Schuck, H. A., 1951a, 1951b Sharp, B. & H. W. Fowler, 1904 Sherwood, S. H. ^ V. N. Edwards, 1901 Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b, 1899a, 1899b, 1901, 1902a, 1902b, 1902c, 1921, 1922, 1938 Spaeth, R. A., 1921 Starrett, A. & P. Starrett, 1955 Storer, D. H., 1839-1844, 1843a, 1843b, 1844a, 1844b, 1846-1867, 1848a, 1848b, 1848c, 1851a, 1851b, 1856, 1859 Swain, J., 1883 Thompson, J. H., 1881 U. S. Fish Commission, 1873a, 1901 Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a, 1907-1912b Verrill, A. E., 1871a, larval Grave, C, 1920 bio-acoustics Moulton, J. M., 1956 breeding time Mead, A. D., 1898 Chondrichthyes Allen, G. M., 1921 copepod parasites of Rathbun, R., 1885, 1887a, 1888 deformities Chidester, F. E., 1914 development Bertholf, L. M., 1945 Bertholf, L. M. & S. 0. Mast, 1944 Breder, C. M., 1922b Clapp, C. M., 1891 Draper, J. W. & D. J. Edwards, 1932 Eigenmann, C. H., 1902a Jackson, S. F., 1958 Miller, D. & R. R. Marak, 1959 Newman, H. H., 1908 Scott, F. M., Sister, 1942, 1945-1952 Sullivan, W. E., 1915 TeWinkel, L. E., 1950 larval Kuntz, A. egg Fish, C. Witman & Lee Company, 1928 albinism Lux, F. E., 1959 embryology Ryder, Parker, G. H., 1911, 1912, 1915 Rathbun, R., 1894 Sheldon, R. E., 1909 Verrill, A. E., 1897 Watterson, R. L., 1945 feeding J)i(rgensen, C. B., 1952 Peck, J. I., 1896 J. A., 1928 1884a fertilization Morgan, T. H., 1941 Maine W. W. Welsh, 1925 Bigelow, H. B. attacking man Gudger, E. W., 1036 attacking man, fatal Gudger, E. W., 1950 behavior Atwood, N. E., 1861 Blake, J. H., 1871 Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922a Grave, C, 1941a Lyon, E. P.. 1905 Newman, H. H., 1907 Nye, W., Jr., 1883. 1887a J., Wilson, H. v., 1891a anatomy Silvester, C. F.. 1905 L. Radcliffe, 1917 Backus, R. H., 1957 Coker, R. E., 1922 Firth, F. E., 1931 Garman, S. W., 1875 GUI, T., 1863 Gray, G. M., 1939a, 1940b Kendall, W. C. & H. M. Smith, 1895 Nichols, J. T. & C. M. Breder, Jr., 1927 Schroeder, W. C, 1947 1871b Williams, G. C, 1960 Winthrop, J., 1670 & distribution fish in Gulf of <5: check-list Bean, T. H., 1881, 1884 fisheries Anonymous MuUan, J. W., 1958 Perlmutter, A., 1947 Barnstable County Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Waquoit Lyman, T., 1872a fossil Desor, E., 1851c Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 Cibicides lobatulus 83 Chordata Chordata growth rare Mather, F. & J., Ill H. A. Schuck, 1960 hermaphroditism Chidester, F. E., 1917 larvae Costello, D. P., 1946a behavior Woodbridge, H., 1924 metamorphosis Grave, life C, 1941b history Schroeder, W. Lams C, 1928 argentatus Stunkard, H. W., 1953 melanosis Hsiao, S. C, 1941 migration Blake, J. H., 1871 Collins, G. B., 1952 morphology Bigelow, R. P., 1926 Bumpus, H. C, 1898d Gabriel, M. L., 1942 Gudger, E. W., 1933 Herrick, C. J., 1898, 1900, 1903 Hunter, G. W., 1898 Jackson, J. B. S., 1845 Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Newman, H. H., 1909 Parker, G. H., 1903, 1910 WiUey, A., 1901 Williams, S. R., 1902 new species Bean, T. H., 1885 Garman, S., 1886 osmosis Sumner, F. B., 1906a Gray, G. M., 1934 reproduction Hsiao. F. L. & A. Albert, 1947 Lee, R. E., 1942 schooling behavior Shaw, E., 1957, 1958a, 1958b, 1958c, 1960-1961, 1961 sense of smell Parker, G. H. & R. E. Sheldon, 1914 stomach contents Griffin, D. R., 1936 Gross, A. 0., 1923 sunfish Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 temperature Kidder, J. H., 1880 tooth succession Ifft, J. D. & D. J. Zinn, 1948 weir fishery of Waquoit Bay Commissioners on Inland Fisheries, 1872 Chromatographic analysis plant pigments in sediments Taylor, W. R. & C. D. Gebelein, 1964 Chromatophores, Palaemonetes Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, R. C. Graves, 1952 Auclair, W., 1965 Cyathura Burbanck, W. D. & M. P. Burbanck, 1958 Chrysococcus cinctus Lackey, J. B., 1940 Chrysococcus minutus Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Chrysodomus stonei Wilson, & & A. V. Hunninen, 1941,1942 H. W. Stunkard, 1931 Linton, E., 1889, 1891, 1889-1891, 1892a, 1894, 1897, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c, 1901a, 1901b, 1905, 1907b, 1907c, 1910a, 1910b, 1914, 1915e, 1921, 1922c, 1922d, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1933, 1934b, 1934c, 1936, 1941, 1942 Manter, H. W., 1926 Martin, W. E., 1939 J. A., 1884b WiUey, C. H., 1958 physiology Grosch, D. S. & Z. H. Smith, 1957 Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Sumner, F. B., 1906b placoid scales Sayles, L. P. & S. G. Hershkowitz, 1937 predators of Gudger, E. W., 1934 1905 Margalef, R., 1960b Reimann, B. E. F. ,J. M. C. Lewin & R. R. L. Guillard, 1963 Taylor, W. R. & J. C. Palmer, 1963 planktonic Hulburt, E. M., 1965b morphology Guillard, R. R. L. & J. H. Ryther, 1962 new species Hulburt, E. M., 1957 physiological ecology C. McLeod, 1961 Curl, H., Jr. &G physiology Ryther, Ryder, Irving, L., 1942 J. H., Chrysophyta Curtis, W. C, 1903 Hahn, C. W., 1915, 1917. 1918 Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Kudo, R., 1923 & Chromosomes parasites of Cable, R. M. Cable, R. M. Jr., tidal J. H. & R. R. L. Guillard, 1962 rhythm Faure-Fremiet, E., 1951b Chthamalus stellatus Sumner, F. B., 1909 Chytridium megastomum Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Chytridium polysiphoniae Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Cibicides concentricus Parker, F. L., 1952 Cibicides lobatulus Parker, F. L., 1952 Ciliary movement 84 Cirratulus tenuis Verrill, A. E., movement mechanism of Ciliary Gray, J., Cirripedia Asterias forbesi Budington, R. A., 1942 Sumner, F.B., 1909 Visscher, J. P., 1938 Zullo, V. A., 1963 Ciliata Andrews, E. A., 1942 Rudzinska, M. A., 1947, 1952 Wenrich, D. H., 1928 anti-fouling Clarke, G. L., 1947 distribution & F. M. Summers, 1935 development Faure-Fremiet, E., 1930 Summers, F. M., 1938 excystation Trager, W., 1957 geotropism Kanda, S., 1914 mesoporal ciliate fauna Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951a microporal ciliate fauna Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951a new species Beltran, E., 1933 BuUington, W. E., 1939 Faure-Fremiet, E., 1937 taxonomic & cytological studies Genthe, K. W., 1905 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 Miocene Cushman, morphology J. A., 1904a Fales, D. E., 1928 Cistenides gouldii Verrill, A. E., S. Smith I. & 0. Harger, 1873 Cladocera Sharpe, R. W., 1911 bioluminescence Lochhead, J. H., 1954 Cladocoryne floccusa var. sargassensis Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Clams see various Bivalvia parasitic Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 taxonomy Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Cingula latior Wilson, I.Smith, 0. Harger, 1873 Hartman, 0., 1942a Ciliary transport system cytology Kidder, G. W. S. Cirrhinereis phosphorea 1928 J. H., 1905 Ciona Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b fertilization Clam worms see Nereis Classification Montgomery, T. H., Clausocalanus arcuicornis Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Clava leptostyla Morgan, T. H., 1941 Ciona intestinalts development, early behavior feeding J^rgensen, C. B., 1952 Circulation of Barnstable Harbor Ketchum, B. H., 1954 Cirolana concharum Harger, 0., 1880a breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Cirolana impressa Harger, P., 1880b egg organization Cirratulus climatic (winter) effects on Parker, R. W., 1934 Cirratulus grandis Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1942b, 1944 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith, O. Harger, 1873 behavior Miner, R. W., 1912 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Cirratulus parvus Moore, J. P., 1906 Jr., 1897 Hargitt, C. W., 1906b Hargitt, C. W., 1906b ontogeny Hargitt, C. W., 1911 Clavelina morphology Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Clays Fuller, M. L., 1906a Clestobothrium crassiceps Linton, E., 1941 Cletocamptus deitersi Yeatman, H. C, 1963 Clidiophora gouldiana Winkley, H. W., 1907 Cliffs, seaward movement of on outer Cape Zeigler, J. M., H. J. Tasha S: G. S. Giese, 1964 Climatic trends " animal distribution Taylor, W. R., H. B. Bigelow Graham, 1957 Cliona celala deLaubenfels, M. W., 1949 Clitellio arenarius Moore, J. P., 1905b ^ H. W. ^85 Coast Clitellio iTTorata Venill. A. E., 1873 S. Smith \. & O. Harger, Clupanodon pseudohispanicus Smith, H. H., 1902b Clupea as food for Cynoscion regale Peck. J. I., 1896 Clupea elongata behavior Blake, migration Blake, J. H., 1871 J. H., 1871 Clupea harengus food of Nyaticorax nycticorax naevius Cnidaria behavior Murbach, L., 1909 Rugh, R., 1929 Yerkes, R. M. &J. B. Ayer, feeding Allabach, L. F., 1905 development Allen, C. M., 1900 Bunting, M., 1894 Crowell, S. & M. Rusk, 1950 Hargitt, C. W., 1900a, 1902a, 1904a, 1906b, 1911 Hargitt, C. W. & G. T. Hargitt, 1910 Clupea pseudohispanica & McMurrich, H. M. Smith. 1894 Clupeidae distribution Hargitt, C. W., 1902b, 1905a, 1908, 1909b Clymene producta 1914 Lewis, M., 1897 Clymenella torquata Nutting, C. C. ,1901 Woods Hole Eraser, C. M., 1912 J. S., Jr., 1946 embryology Beckwith, C. J. S., Jr., 1946 evolution color variation Rankin, 1891b J. P., Perkins, H. F., 1902 Smith, H. M., 1898a autecology Rankin, 1903 Boschma, H., 1925 Gudger, E. W., 1934 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 budding Perkins, H. F., 1903 Gross, A. O., 1923 host for Chloromyxum clupeidae Hahn, C. W., 1918 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Kendall, W. C. Jr., development Mead, A. D., 1897 host for MicTotaeniella clymenellae Calkins, G. N., 1915 regeneration, inhibition of Smith, S. D., 1963 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Clytemnestra rostrata Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Clytia cylindnca Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Clytia edwardsi Eraser, C. M., 1912 Clytia minuta Eraser, C. M., 1912 Clytia volubilis Hargitt, C. W.. 1909b Cnidaria Agassiz, A., 1862 Agassiz, E. C. & A. Agassiz, 1865 Crowell, S.. 1945 Desor, E., 1851a, 1851d Lyman, T., 1861 Petersen, K. W., 1964 Safford, V., 1939 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Verrill, A. E., 1873, 1898 Wittenberg, J. B., 1958 autotomy Morse, M., 1909 behavior Hargitt, C. W., 1907 Morse, M., 1906 J., 1909 Lenhoff, H. M. & H. A. Schneiderman, 1959 growth terminal Crowell, S. & C. Wyttenbach, 1957 life history Murbach, L., 1895 morphology Hargitt, C. W., 1900b, 1901 Perkins, H. F., 1901 Smallwood, M., 1899 Thomas L. J., 1921 new species , Crowell, S., 1946 Eraser, C M., 1943 Murbach, L., 1899 phylogeny McMurrich, J. P., 1891a physiology Kepner, W. A., 1943 Shoup, C. S., 1932 Yerkes, R. M., 1902b regeneration Goldin, A., 1942 Hargitt, G. T., 1902c, 1905b reproduction Thompson, M. T., 1899 symbiosis Boschma, H., 1925 Pycnogonida Cole, L. J., 1910 Coast changes Nantucket Marindin, H. L., 1894a Provincetown shore-line Marindin, H. L., 1892a Coast 86 _____^__^_^___ Color change nocturnal & diurnal Verrill, A. E., 1897 Coast changes effects of hurricanes U. S. Army Corp of Engineers, 1939 cross sections Uca Green, J. P., 1964 Uca pugnax Cape Cod Marindin, H. L., 1892a Brown, F. A., Jr, M. Fingerman, I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr.,&M. N. Hines, 1952 Clymenella torquata Rankin, J. S., Jr., 1946 Columbella avara Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1839b Columbella lunata encrouchment of sea M. Marindin, H. L., 1889 Martha's Vineyard & Nantucket Marindin, H. L., 1897 shore-line Marindin, H. L., 1890 Coastal morpho.logy behavior Welsh, J. H., 1933 Columbus' crabs see Planes minutus Mitchell, H., 1871 Weule, K., 1891 Cocconeis distribution Peck, J. I., 1896 Coccotithineae seasonal distribution in Vineyard Sound Lillick, L. C, 1937 Cochlodesma leanum Winkley, H. W., 1907 Comb jellies see Ctenophora Commensal ism Copepoda Seiwell, H. R., 1929 Crustacea Cod Pearse, A. behavior Atwood, N. E., 1861 Codium introduction to Cape Cod Wood, R. D., 1962 Codonella Peck, S., 1913 Graffilla gemellipara Linton, E., 1910c Patterson, J. T., 1912 Hydractina echinata on Littorina littorea Crowell, S., 1945 convexa on Cyclammina Cushman, J. A., 1920 Modiolus plicatulus Iridia J. I., 1896 Codonoeca eracilis Calkins. G. N.. 1902 Linton, E., 1910c Patterson, J. T., 1912 Coecum costatum Verrill, A. E., 1872 Coelenterata see also Cnidaria Verrill, A. E., 1898 Verrill, A. E., S. 0. Harger, 1873 Watt, D. J., 1955 behavior I. Podocoryne camea on Nassarius Smith & Whitely, G. C, Jr., 1960 soft-bottom structure Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 Compass direction & magnetism 1939 Nassarius Brown, F. A., Hargitt, C. W., 1905c Coelosphaerium nagelianum Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Coelozoic astomatous parasites Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 Colaconema americcma C, 1936 of intertidal zones Fahey, E. M., 1949 & Conchoecia physiology Raymont, J. E. G. & & J. L. Dallas, 1953 R. J. Conover, 1961 Congericola pallida morphology Wiley, C. H., 1958 Conger vulgaris host for Congericola pallida Wiley, C. H., 1958 Conforms Arcisz, W., E. Wattie colonization, pioneer M. Webb Jr., H. F. H. Barnwell, 1964 planktonic seasonal distribution in Woods Hole Fish, C. J., 1925 Jao, C. Community metabolism development J. A., S., marine coastal organization Allee, W. C, 1934 Bumpus, H. C, 1898a feeding Gudger, E. W., 1942 Moore, morphology trivittata 1945 shell of Placopecten Merrill, A. S., 1960 Crowell, Contracaecum clavatum parasite of Gadus morrhua Linton, E., 1934c 87 Crassostrea Contracaecum clavatum parasite of Microgadus tomcod Linton, E., 1934c Contracaecum habena Corallobothrium fimbriatum parasite of Ameiurus nebulosus Linton, E., 1941 Corals See Madreporaria Corbula contracta parasite of Opsanus tau Linton, E., 1934c Control Asterias & other colonial Anthozoa fossil Galtsoff, P. S. & V. L. Loosanoff, 1939 Copepoda Bigelow, H. B., 1915, 1917, 1922, 1926 Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 Deevey, G. B., 1948 Peck, J. I., 1896 Raup, D. M. Corbula whitefieldi & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Miocene Brown, T. C, 1905 Cordylophora lacustris Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Corycaeus carinatus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wilson, C. B., 1903a, 1905a, 1932 Welsh, J. H., 1933 behavior Johnson, W. H. & J. E. G. Raymont, 1939 Parker, G. H., 1902 Schallek, W., 1942 feeding Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Fuller, J. L., 1937 Mullin, M. M., 1963 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Corycaeus elongatus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 bioluminescense David, C. N. & R. J. Conover, 1961 calanoids of Cape Cod embayments & estuaries Carter, J. C. H., 1964 development McClendon, J. P., 1906-1907 Mead, A. D., 1898 Coryne producta Hargitt, C. W., 1902a Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 Carter, J. C. H., 1964 intertidal region of sandy beach Pennak, R. W., 1942a, 1942b swimming Wheeler, W. M., 1901 life history Johnson, M. W., 1934 littoral Yeatman, H. morphology C, 1963 Willey, C. H., 1958 nematode parasites of Cobb, N. A., 1928 Hargitt, C. W., 1901 occurrence of Corynitis agassizii medusa Murbach, L., 1899 Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Corynura bumpsii Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Coryphaena hippurus Arnold, E. L., Schuck, H. A., Taylor, C. C, H. W. Graham, Jr., 1951 1951a H. B. Bigelow & 1957 Coryphella pellucida Russell, H. D., 1964 Coscinodiscus Peck, J. I., 1896 Cosmocephala ochracea Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & O. Harger, 1873 Cottidae Smith, H. M., 1898a Cottunculus host for Chondracanthus cottunculi Rathbun, R., 1887a Cottus octodecimspinosus temperature Kidder, J. H., 1879 Couthouyella strjatula Bartsch, P., 1907-1912 "^ new species Illg, P. Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Coryne morphology synonomy distribution free Corymorpha pendula L., 1955 parasites of Connolly, C. parasitic J., 1929 Rathbun, R., 1885, 1887a, 1888 Wilson, C. B., 1903b, 1905b, 1906, 1921, 1925 physiology Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 planktonic, respiration Raymont, J. E. G., seasonal production Clarke, G. L. & 1959 D. J. Zinn, 1937 Copidognathus sp. Hag, J., 1965 Copper content in sea water Galtsoff, P. S., 1943 Crangon vulgaris Thompson, M. T., 1899 development, larval smith, S. I., 1873 Crassostrea periodicity Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb, C. M. Ralph, 1956 Brown, F. A., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett, 1955b Crassostrea Cribrella sanquinolenta Mead, A. D., 1898 Crassostrea freezing, intertidal Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 Crassostrea virginica growth Pierce, M. E. & J. T. Conover, 1954 larvae, setting & Galtsoff, P. S., et al, 1930 Shaw, W. N., 1962, 1963 & formation Galtsoff, P. S., 1954 Cratena aurantia Moore, G M., 1950 Cratena aurantiaca Russell, H. D., 1964 Cratena concinna Russell, H. D. 1964 Cratena pilata Moore, G. M., 1950 Crepidula behavior sexual phases Coe, W. R., 1936b breeding Conklin, E. G., 1897 change of sex Coe, W. R., 1938 development Conklin, E. G., 1897 embryology Conklin, E. G., 1897 fossil Raup, D. M. life & H. Croasdale, 1949 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 ebumea Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Crossobothrium l anciniatum Curtis, W. C, 1903 parasite of Carcharias littoralis Curtis, W. C, 1903 Linton, E., 1894, 1898 parasite of Odontaspis littoralis Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Cruoriopsis ensisae Jao. C. C, 1936 Crustacea Atwood, N. E., 1865 Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Burbanck, W. D. & M. P. Burbanck, 1958 Burbanck, W. D., 1959, 1961, 1962 Claff, C. L., P. N. Sudak & L. Moloney, 1958 Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 Cushman, J. A., 1906a Fingerman, M., 1955 Hansen, H. J., 1915 Harger, 0., 1880a, 1880b Herrick, F. H. ,1911 Hitchcock, E. & A. A. Gould, 1833 Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Menzies, R. J. & C. Beckman, 1958 Mills, E. L., 1964b Conklin, E. G., 1897 Crepidula fomicata Adams, C. B., 1839a Lyman, T., 1861 Plaine, H. L., 1952 behavior sex Wilczynski, J. Z., 1955 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Crepidula plana breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 development Gould, H. N., 1949 sexual changes Gould, H. N., 1949 Cretaceous Hollick, A., 1896b Shaler, N.S., 1890 age Shaler, N. S., 1889b Vineyard Berry, E. W., 1915 fossils, Martha's Vineyard Shaler, N.S., 1889b paleobotany Jeffrey, E. & Lyman, T., 1861 D. R. Lawrence, 1963 history flora of Martha's Rogick, M. D. Cribrilina punctata Crisia spat raft culture shell structure Cribrilina annulata C, 1910 Pearse, A. S., 1914a, 1914b Rabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 Rathbun, R., 1887b Rathbun, M. J., 1905 Richardson, H., 1909 Sanders, H. L., 1957, 1963a, 1963b Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Smith. S. L, 1887-1882a, 1877-1882b. 1877-1882C. 1880 Stunkard, H. W., 1956 Sumner, F B., 1909 Thompson, M. T., 1904b U. S. Fish Commission. 1901 Verrill. A. E.. 1873 Visscher, J. P., 1938 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Wigley, R. L., 1961b, 1963a Wilkins, J. L. & M. Fingerman. 1965 Wilson, C. B., 1903a, 1903b. 1905a, 1932 Yeatman, H. C. 1963 ZuUo, V. A., 1963 anaerobiosis Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 anti-fouling Clarke, G. L., 1947 behavior Barnwell, F. H. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1963 Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, 1959a, 1959b Crustacea 89 Crustacea behavior Bennett, M. F., J. Shriner & R. A. Brown, 1957 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, & M. I. Sandeen, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr. &M. N. Hines, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen, & N. Fingerman, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen, & C. L. Ralph, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr. &Ci.C. Stephens, 1951 Brown, F. A., Jr. ,< H. M. Webb, 1949 H.M. Webb & M. F. Bennett, 1955a Brown, F. A., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., H.M. Webb & R. C. Graves, 1952 Brown, F. A., Stephens, G. C, J. P. Green, B. Guttman R. A. Schinske, 1958 ecology Platzman, S. J., 1960 embryology Bumpus, H. C, 1891 M"Murrich, J. P., 1895 excystation Trager, W., 1957 & faunal list Rathbun, M. Cushman, Lyell, Fuller, J. L., 1937 Mullin, M. M., 1963 C, 1905 J. A., 1844 Packard, A. S., 1900 Stimpson, W., 1863 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 heliotropism Lyon, E. P., 1906b intertidal Pennak, R. W., 1942a, 1942b Pennak, R. W. & D. J. Zinn, 1943 1901 Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & J. R. Comer, 1964 Dembowski, J. B., 1926 Holmes, S. J., 1901, 1903a Johnson, W. H. & J. E. G. Raymont, 1939 Nye, W., Jr., 1887c Parker, G. H., 1902 Schallek, W., 1942 Spaulding, E. G., 1904a Webb, H. M. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1958 Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, Jr. & R. C. Graves, 1951 Welsh, J. H., 1932, 1933 White, G. M., 1924 Yerkes, R., 1902a feeding Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 De la Cruz, A. H., 1960 1905 J., fossil Jr., C, Bumpus, H. Crustacea diurnal rhythms key Holmes, life S. J., 1903b history Hyman, 0. W., 1922 Johnson, M. W., 1934 mating Chidester, F. E., 1911 metamorphosis Thompson, M. T., 1904a Miocene of Gay Head Cushman, 1904a, 1905b J. A., Dall, W. H., 1894 morphology Fales, D. E., 1928 Green, J. P., 1964 Hessler, R. R.& H. L. Sanders, 1964 Jenner, C E., 1955 Wiliey, C. H. ,1958 bioluminescence David, C. N. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Lochhead, J. H., 1954 mortality breeding Hughes, J. T. & G. C. Matthiessen, 1962 nematode, parasites of Cobb, N. A., 1928 new species Mead, A. D., 1898 commensalism Pearse, A. S., 1913 Benedict, development Faxon, W., 1879a, 1879b McClendon, J. F., 1906-1907 Ryder, J. A., 1886a, 1886b Smith, S. I., larval Chamberlain, N. A., 1957 distribution Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 Carter, J. C. H., 1964 Cushman, J. A., 1906b Genthe, K. W., 1905 diurnal rhythms Stephens, G. C, 1955 J. E., 1901 Chace, F. A., Jr., 1958 Harger, a, 1878 Holmes, S. J., 1905 1872, 1873, 1874-1878, 1887-1882a Fraenkel, G., 1960 natural history Illg, P. L., Jones, N. Kingsley, S. 1955 & W. D. Burbanck, 1959 J. S., 1895 Mills, E. L., 1962, 1963, 1964a Richardson, H., 1908 Seiwell, H. R., 1929 parasitic Coe, R. W., 1902b Connolly, C. J., 1929 Rathbun, R., 1885, 1887a, 1888 BOSTON UNIVERSITY Crustacea 90_ Cumingia tellinoides development Crustacea parasitic Reinhard, E. G., 1945, 1946 Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 Thompson, M. T., 1902 Wilson, C. B., 1905b, 1906, 1921, 1925 parasitic hosts & Cable, R. M. physiology Raymont, J. A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940 E.G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Werntz, H. 0., 1963 planktonic Grave, B. H., 1926 gametes, vitality Grave, B. H., 1926, 1928b hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a host for Cercaria cumingiae Martin, W. E., 1938 natural history Grave, B. H., 1927b Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 seasonal distribution Fish, C. J., 1925 seasonal production Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 sex characteristics Reinhard, E. G., 1949 stalk-eyed Smith, S. I., 1878-1882 Cunner, tespiration Irving, L., 1942 Currents Bigelow, H.B., 1915, 1917, 1922, 1927 Schott, C. A., 1854a Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. B. M. Cole, 1913 Brown's Ledge Day, C. G., 1960 Edgartown Marindin skin parasite of A., 1884b Ctenophora behavior Aggasiz, A., 1862 Hunter, G. W., 1904 bioluminescence Chang, J. J., 1954 Harvey, E. N. & S. P. Marfrey, 1958 distribution Hargitt, C. W., 1902b physiology Coonfield, B. R., 1934 Cucumaria fusiformis Desor, E., 1851a Culture Homarus americanus Rathbun, R., 1887b Cumacea new species Jones, N. H. L., 1894b Nantucket Bay Nantucket Sound Cyrptacanthodes maculatus Smith, H. M., 1898a U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Cryptochrysis atlantica Lackey, J. B., 1940 Cryptocolyle lingua metacercariae Linton, E., 1934c Cryptodon obesus Verrill, A. E., 1872 Cryptosula pallasiana Rogick, M. D. & H. Croa-sdale, 1949 Crystallonema fuscacephalum Cobb, N. A.. 1920 Ctenidia Hunter, W. R. & S. C. Brown, 1965 Ctenolabrus Mead, A. D., 1898 Ctenolabrus adspersus of & Vineyard Sound Mitchell, H., 1857 Cuttyhunk flora Fogg, J. M., Jr., & W. D. Burbanck, 1959 1930 Cyanea Hargitt, C. W., 1902a Cyanea arctica Agassiz, A., 1862 development McMurrich, J. P., 1891b morphology, variations Hargitt, C. W., 1905c occurrence of Mead, A. D., 1898 Cyanophyceae seasonal distribution Lillick, L. C, 1937 Cyartonema flexile Cobb, N. A., 1920 Cyathura chromosomes Burbanck, W. D. & M. P. Burbanck, 1958 distribution Burbanck, W. D., 1959 ecology Burbanck, W. D., 1959 Cyathura polita distribution in tidal marshes and estuaries Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 ecology Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 migration in tidal marshes Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & J. R. Comer, 1964 Cybium regale host to T etrarhynchobothrium Linton, E., 1897 S. Cole Marindin, H. L., 1894b Irving, L., 1942 J. J. & winter distribution Ryder, stimuli Grave, B. H., 1927a Deevey, G. B., 1948 reproduction Pearce, J. B., 1964 respiration & spawning habits 91 Darcythompsonia parva Cyclammina Cushman, Cyprina (Arctica) islandica J. A., 1920 distribution Cyclocardia Turner, H. J., Jr., 1949a Cyprina islandica fossil Verrill, A. E., 1878 fossil CyclogTapsus Verrill. A. E.. 1878 Cyprinodon ovinus fossil Lyell, C, Lyman, 1844 Cyclopsinema mordens parasite of Pachycyclops signatus Cobb. N. A., 1928 (1927) Cyclops panamensis Yeattpan, H. Cyclopteridae C, 1963 Smith, H. M., 1898a Cyclotella Peck, J. I., 1896 physiology McLachlan, J., 1961 Cyclotella cryptica Reimann, B. E. F., parasites of Linton, E., 1901a protozoans et al., 1963 Cyclotella nana J. H. Ryther, 1962 Cymadusa compta Mills, E. L., 1964b Cymbephallus fimbriatus Linton. E., 1934a classification Linton, E., 1934a Cymbephallus vitellosus Linton, E., 1934a Cynoscion regale food of Peck, J. I., 1896 host for Echinorhynchus proteus Linton, E., 1892a, host for Echinorhynchus sagittifer Linton, E.. 1889 host for Rhynchobothrium bisulcatum larvae Linton, E., 1889 host for Tetrabothria embryos Linton, E., 1889 morphology Parker, G. H., 1910 physiology Parker, G. H., 1903 Cynoscion regalis Eigenmann, C. H.. 1902b Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 host for Lebouria truncata Linton, E., 1942 host for parasitic copepoda Linton, E., 1901a. 1901b parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Cynthia partita behavior Grave, C, 1941a larval metamorphosis Grave, C, 1941b morphology Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Linton, E., 1891 Cyrtolaelaps (Gamaselliphis) Hag, J., 1965 Cystenides gouldii tolerance to low salinity morphology Guillard, R. R. L. & Cylista leucolena Hargitt, C. W., 1917 T.. 1861 Cyprinodon variegatus exchange by tidal currents Williams, G. C, 1960 host for Myxobolus lintoni Linton, E., 1901b morphology of contact organs Newman, H. H., 1909 Pearse, A. S., 1928 Cystoclonium purpurascens Collins, F. S., 1906 Cystoclonium purpureum cirrhosum associated with Bryozoa Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Cysts, cestode degenerating Linton, E., 1923 Cytherea fossil Lyell, C, 1844 Cythereis arenicola Cushman, 1906b J. A., Cythereis vineyardensis Cushman, J. A., 1906b Cytheridea americana Cushman, J. A.. 1906b Cytheridea seminuda Cushman. J. A., 1906b Cytherois zostericola Cushman, J. A., 1906b Cytology Kidder. G W. Dactylactis viridis & F. M. Summers. 1935 Verrill. A. E.. 1898 Dactylometra morphology variations Hargitt, C. W., 1905c Dactylopterus volitaris Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1949 Dactylopusia thisboides Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Dactylopusia vulgaris Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Dalyellia mohicana Graff, L. v.. 1911 Darcythompsonia parva Wilson. C. B.. 1932 92 Darkness, prolonged Darkness, prolonged effect on algae Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Dasya elegans development of holdfasts Derick, CM., 1899 life cycle life history Lewis, I. F., 1914 Lewis, I. F., 1912 Dasyatis centrura Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Anthobothrium pulvinatum Linton, E., 1898b, host for Branchiobdella ravenellii Linton, E., 1901b host for Epibdella bumpusii Linton, E., 1901a host for OrygmatobothTium crenulatum Linton, E., 1898b host for Parataenia medusia Linton, E., 1898b host for Phyllobothrium foliatum Linton, E., 1898b host for Rhinebothrium maccallumi Linton, E., 1925 host for Rhynchobothrium tenuispine Linton, E., 1898b host for Rhynchobothrium tumudulum Linton, E., 1898b host for Spongiobothrium variabile Linton, E., 1898b host for Synbothrium malleum Linton, E., 1925 host for Tetrarhynchus tenue Linton, E., 1898b parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Decomposition organic nitrogen, in sea water Brand, T. Von, N. W. Rakestraw & J. W. Zabor, 1942 Demineralization shell boring gastropods Carriker, M. R. & D. van Zandt, 1964 Dendrodoa Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b Dendronotus frondosus Russell, H. D., 1964 Density changes effects on fish Sumner, F. B., 1906b water U. S. Fish Commission, 1898 Deposits Nantucket Desor, E. & E. C. Cabot, 1849 Depth, Oyster Pond Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 Derocheilocaris typius Pennak, R. W. & D. J. Zinn, 1943 Deropristias inflata adult on Auguilla rostrata Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941 cercaria on Bittium altematum Cable, R. VI. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941 host for Hexamatia Hunninen, A. B. & R. Wichterman, 1936 life history Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1942 parasite of Anguilla chrysypa Manter, H.W., 1926 Desmarestia aculeata Collins, F. Dead-man's fingers see Alcyonium cameum Death, by heat Orr, P. R., 1946 Decapoda Smith, S. 1., 1877-1882b development Faxon, Walter, 1879a reproduction Pearce, J. B., 1964 Decomposition organic nitrogen, in sea water Brand, T. Von & N. W. Rakestraw, 1940, 1941 Brand, T. Von & N. W. Rakestraw & C. E. Renn, 1937, 1939 1914 Draper, J. W. & D. J. Edwards, 1932 Grave, B. H., 1933 Scheltema, R. S., 1965 Tennant, D. G. & M. J. Hogue, 1906 cestodes Linton, E., 1910a physiology of digestive tract Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Dasybatus marinus host for Eudactylinella alba Wilson, C. B., 1932 host for Krffyeria nasuta Wilson, C. B., 1932 Dasynema sexalineatum Cobb. N. A.. 1920 S., Development algae Chester, G.D., 1896 Derick, C. M., 1899 Amaroucium constellatum Scott, Sister F. M., 1942, 1945, 1952 Annelida Mead, A. D., 1897 Arbacia Allee, W. C. & G. Evans, 1937b Arbacia punctulata Allee, W. C. & G. Evans, 1937a Glaser, a, 1950 Harvey, E. B., 1949a, 1949b Arenicola Child, C. M., 1900 Autolytus varians Mensch, P. C, 1900 Balanoglossus kowaleuskii Morgan, T. H., 1892 Batrachus tau Clapp, C. M., 1891 Botryllus Watterson, R. L., 1945 Development 93 Development Hydrozoa Development Bugula flabellata Grave, B. H., 1933 Hargitt, C. W., 1911 Campanularia Crowell J. & M. Rush, 1950 Cercariaeum Shaw, C. R., 1933 Leptocephalus conger Eigenmann, C. H., 1902a Limulus Pearl, R., 1904 Loligo pealii Cerebratulus lacteus determination Horstadius, S., 1937 Chaetopterus Allyn, H. M., 1912 Malacostraca Choniosphaera cancrorum Te Winkel, Mya arenaria Hibbard, H, 1937 Smith, S. larval Connolly, C. J., 1929 Ciliata Summers, H M., 1938 Clava leptostyla egg Hargitt, C. W., 1906b Cnidaria Hargitt, C. W., 1902a coelenterate Grave, B. H., 1933 copepod, parasitic McClendon, J. F., 1906, 1907 Crassostrea, shell Galtsoff, P. S., 1954 Crepidula Conklin, E. G., 1897 Gould, H. N., 1949 Crossobothrium lanciniatum Curtis, W. C, 1903 1873 L. E., 1950 Matthiessen, G. C, 1960 growth Kellogg, J. I., 1905 Mytilus edulis Lavoie, M. E., 1956 Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, 1955 Nemalion multifidum Chester, G. D., 1896 Neopanope texana sayi Chamberlain, N. A., 1957 Osteichthyes larvae Kuntz, A. & I. Radcliffe, 1917 Ostrea virginica Jackson, R. T., 1888b Palaemonetes Faxon, W., 1879a Parypha crocea Allen, C. M., 1900 Pennaria Hargitt, C. W., 1904b Cummingia tellinoides Pennaria tiarella Grave, B. H., 1926 Hargitt, C. W., 1900a Cyanea arctica McMurrich, 1., Mustelus J. P., Pinnixa 1891b Cynoscion regalis Eigenmann, C. H., 1902b Echinoidea Mathews, A. P., 1909 Smith, S. I., 1877-1882a Pseudopleuronectes americanus Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922b Planocera inquilina Esperella Surface, F. M., 1907 Polinices duplicatus Hanks, J. E., 1963 Polychoerus caudata Gardner, E. G., 1895 Wilson, H. v., 1894 Eudendrium Hargitt, C. W., 1904a Fiona marina, Scyphozoa Casteel, D. B., 1904 Fundulus heteroclitus Armstrong, P. B. & J. Fundulus hybrids Newman, H. H., 1908 Gonionema murbachii Perkins, H. P., 1902 Grinnellia americana Brannon, M. A., 1897 Graffilla gemellipaTa Patterson, J. T., 1912 Hippa Faxon, W., 1879b Homarus americanus Smith, S. I., 1872 Hydractinia Bunting, M., 1894 Hydroides hexagonis Grave, B. N., 1933 S. Child, 1965 Hargitt, C. W. & G. T. Hargitt, 1910 Spirorbis borealis Schively, M. A., 1897 Sternaspis Child, C. M., 1900 SUeblospio benedicti Campbell, M. A., 1957 Stylita partita Bertholf, L. M., 1945 Bertholf, L. M. & C. M. Mast, 1944 Tubularia Moore, J. A., 1939 Tunicata Grave, B. H., 1933 Jackson, S. F., 1958 Urophycis chuss Miller, D. & R. R. Marak, 1959 Yoldia limatula Drew, G. A., 1899 94 Diastylis politus Dictyocha fibula var. pentagona Margalef, R., 1960a Diastylis politus ^mith, S. I., 1878 , 1882 Diatoms Margalef, R., 1960b Moul, E. T. & D. Mason, 1957 Reimann, B. E. P., J. C. Lewin R. R. L. Guillard, 1963 fossil, warm water marine Sayles, R. W., 1939 Didemnopsin tenerum Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a & morphology Guillard, R. R. L. photosynthesis Taylor, W. R. & seasonal distribution tidal & J. H. Ryther, 1962 Didemnum lutarium Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a Digestive tract, physiology of elasmobranchs Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Digitonchus uniformis Cobb, N. A., 1920 Dimorphism, sexual Fundulus J. D. Palmer, 1963 Hulbert, E M., 1956b rhythm Faure- Fremiet, E., 1951b Diatomacea seasonal distribution Lillick, L. C, 1937 Dibothrium aluterae parasite of Alutera schoepfi Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Dibothrium manubriforme Linton, E., 1889-1891 parasite of Histiophorus gladius Linton, E., 1894 parasite of Tetrapturus albidus Linton, E., 1889-1891 Dibothrium microcephalum parasite of Mala rotunda Linton, E., 1889-1891 Dibothrium plicatum parasite of Xiphias gladius Linton, E., 1889-1891 Dibothrium punctatum parasite of Bothus maculatus Linton, E., 1898b parasite of Limanda ferruginea Linton, E., 1889-1891 parasite of Lophosetta maculata Linton, E., 1889-1891 Dibothrium restiforme parasite of Tylosurus caribbaeus Linton, E., 1889-1891 Dibothrium rugosum parasite of Gadus callarias Linton, E., 1898b (1897) parasite of Gadus cesloda Linton, E., 1894 parasite of Gadus morrhua Linton, E., 1889-1891 seasonal distribution in Gadus Linton, E., 1914 Dichelesteidae development McClendon, J. F., 1906-1907 Dichelestium sturionis parasite of Acipenser oxyrhynchos Rathbun, R., 1885 Dictyocha Peck, J. I., 1896 Dictyocha fibula Margalef, R., 1960a Newman, H. empusa H., 1907 Squilla Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Dinobothrium anatomy Linton, E., 1922a Dinobothrium planum parasite of Cetorhinus maximus Linton, E., 1922a Dinobothrium plicitum parasite of Carcharodon carcharias Linton, E., 1922a Dinoflagellates morphology Nie, D., 1947 respiratory metabolism Hochachka, P. W. & J. M. Teal, 1964 seasonal distribution Lillick, L. C, 1937 Dinophilida Verrill, A. E., 1888-1892a Dinophilus pygmaeus Verrill, A. E., 1874 Dinophyceae new species Hulburt, E. M., 1957 un armoured Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Dinophysis Peck, J. I., 1896 Diodon hystrix Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b Diopatra cuprea behavior Miner, R. W., 1912 host for Arabella Allen, M. J., 1952 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Diosaccus tenuicomis Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Diplochaete solitana Thivy, F., 1943 Diplodonta verrilli fossil Raup, D. M. Diplodus argyrops & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 food of Peck, J. 1., 1896 Discoephalum pileatum host of Carcharias obscurus Linton. E., 1889-1891 Distribution 95 Discorbis columbiensis Parker, F. L., 1952 Dispersal fishes Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951 young marine Williams, G. C, 1960 zoop lank ton Barlow, J. P., 1952 Distephanus crux Margalef, R., 1960a Distephanus speculum Margalef, R., 1960a Distephanus speculum var. pentagonys Margalef, R., 1960a Distephanus speculum var. regularis Margalef, R., 1960a Distephanus speculum var. septenarius Margalef, R., 1960a Distomum parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Linton, E., 1901a parasite of Prionotus carolinus Linton, E., 1901a parasite of Stenotomus chrysops Linton, E., 1901a seasonal distribution in Microgadus tomcod Linton, E., 1914 Distomum appendicu latum Distomum nitens parasite of Tyosurus caribbeaus Linton, E., 1898c Distomum ocreatum parasite of Pomatomus , Linton, E., 1901a pyri forme parasite of Palinurichthys perciformis Linton. E., 1901a Distomum Distomum rufoviride parasite of Roccus lineatus Linton, E., 1898c Distomum simplex parasite of Microgadus tomcod Linton, E., 1898c Distomum tenue parasite of Roccus lineatus Linton, E., 1898c parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Linton, E., 1901a Distomum areolatum parasite of Morone americana Linton, E., ^901a Distomum dentatum parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Linton, E., 1901a Distomum faecundum parasite of Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Linton, E., 1901a Distomum foliatum parasite of lUola mola Linton. E., 1898c Distomum fragile parasite of Mola mola Linton^ E., 1901a Distomum grandiporum parasite of Anguilla chrysypa Linton, E., 1898c Distomum gulosum parasite of Rhombus triacanthus Linton, E., 1901b Distomum lageniforme parasite of Remora remora Linton, E., 1898c Distomum tenue tenuissime parasite of Morone americana parasite of Alutera schoepfi Linton, E., 1898c Distomum veliporum parasite of Raja laevis Linton, E., 1898c Distomum vibex Stunkard, H. W. & R. F. Nigrelli, 1930 parasite of Spheroides maculatus Linton, E.. 1901a Distomum vitellosum classification Linton, E., 1934a parasite of Merluccius bilinearis Linton, E., 1901a see Cymbephallus fimbriatus Linton, E., 1934a see Cymbephallus vitellosus Linton, E., 1934a Distribution Adams, C. Blum, J. B., 1839b L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 Gould, A. A., 1841 de Laubenvels, M. W., 1949 Lidz, L., 1965 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, Linton, E., 1898c Distomum monticellii parasite of Remora remora 1873 Linton, E. ,1898c Linton, E., 1898c 1898c Linton. E.. Distomum valdeinflatum Distomum macocotyle parasite of Mola mola Distomum nigroflavum parasite of Mola mola saltatrix Linton, E., 1898c parasite of Merluccius bilmearis Linton, E. 1901a parasite of Pollachius virens Linton, E., 1901a parasite of Sagitta Linton, E., 1927 Distomum pal lens parasite of Alutera schoepfi Linton, E., 1898c Distomum p undens parasite of Paralichthys dentatus algae CoUings, F. S., 1888, 1891 Davis, B. M., 1913a Doty, M. S., 1948 % Distribution Distribution Distribution algae invertebrates Farlow, W. G., 1873, 1882a, 1882b, 1883 Jordan, D. S., 1874 Lewis, I. F., 1924 Ampelisca Mills, E. L., 1964a Anthozoa Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Astarte Carpenter, H. P., 1889 bacteria Reuszer, H.W., 1933 barnacles Zullo, V. A., 1963 Be lone Goode, G. B., 1879 benthic fauna Whiteley, G. C, Jr., W. D. Burbanck M. E. Pierce, 1949 & Cephalocarida Hessler, R. R. & H. L. Sanders, 1964 Characeae Wood, R. D., 1952 Desor, E., 1851b Janthina fragilis Bulfinch, T., 1844 Macrozoarus americanus Olsen, Y. H. & D. Merriman, 1946 Malacobdella grossa Ropes, J. W., 1963 Malacostraca Cushman, J. A., 1906a marine animals & climatic trends Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & H. W. Graham, 1957 Mollusca Couthouy, J. P., 1838 Greene, T. A., 1833 Johnson, C. W., 1915 northern extension of ranges Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & H. W. Graham, 1957 Ophichthus gomesi Backus, R. H., 1957 Osteichthyes Chondrichthyes Fowler, H. W., 1917 Firth, F. E., 1931. Fowler, H. W., 1917 Cirripedia Gill, T., 1863 Genthe, K. W., 1905 Cladocera Lochhead, J. H., 1954 Cnidaria Hargitt, C. W., 1902a, 1905a coastal vascular plants Moul, E. T., 1964 Copepoda Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 Carter, J. C. H., 1964 intertidal Pennak, R. W., 1942a Cyathura Burbanck, W. D., 1959 Cyathura polita Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 Echinodermata Agassiz, A., 1865 Clark, H.L., 1904, 1905, 1908 Echinoidea Agassiz, A., 1865 Echinus granulans Alexander, A., 1865 ecologic factors Lackey, J. B., 1938 fish Baird, S. F., 1873 Bigelow, H. B. & S. C. Schroeder, 1953 Bigelow, H. B. & W. W. Welsh, 1925 Flagellata Lackey, J. B., 1940 flora Fogg, J. M., Foraminifera Cushman, Gadidae Jr., J. A., Schroeder, W. C, 1930 1908 1928 Hydrozoa Frazer, C. M., 1912 Hargitt, C. W., 1908, 1909b Kendall, W. C. & H. M. Smith, 1895 Ostracoda Cushman, Pandoridae Boss, K. J. A., J. & 1906b S. Merrill, 1965 Pogonophora Wigley, R. L., 1963b Polychaeta Hartman, 0., 1942a polyclads Hyman, L. H., 1939 spionid Plaine, H. L., 1952 Protozoa Lackey, J. B., 1936 Pteroplatea altavela Coker, R. E., 1922 Raja Garman, S. W., 1875 Rhodophyceae Jao, C. C, 1936 Seriola Mather, F. J., 1952 Spatial Mya arenaria Connell, J. H., 1955 Petricola pholadiformis Connell, J. H., 1955 Synapta Clarke, H. L., 1901 temperature effects upon AUee, W. C, 1919, 1922a, 1922c, 1922d, 1923a, 1923b, 1923c. Tethys willcoxi Merriman, D., 1937 Turbellaria Bush, L.. 1964 Venus mercenaria Ropes, J. W. & C. E. Martin, 1960 Echinodermala 97 Echeneibothrium variabile parasite of Kaja erinacea Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Echeneididae Smith, H. M., 1898a Distribution vertical intertidal zone Fahey, E. M., 1947 zooplankton Barlow, J. P., 1955 Echinocomus pectinatus Diurnal fluctuation Walsh, Gerald E., 1965b Wilson, C. B., 1932 Echinodermata Agassiz, A., 1877 Diurnal rhythms llyanassa obsolete Brown, P. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & W. Brett, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett & H. M. Webb, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., & H. \1. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., H.\1. Webb, M. F. Bennett & L. H. Barnwell, 1959 J. Uca Brown, F. A., Jr. &M. N. Mines, 1952 pugnax Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 Dodececaria fimbriatus ilea reproduction Martin, D A., 1933, 1936 Dog whelks see Thais lapillus Dolichoglossus kawalewskyi physiology Hess, W. M., 1935 Doropygus laticomis parasite of Molgula manhattensis Wilson. C. B., 1932 Dredging stations FISH HAWK U. Rathbun, R., 1883 Fish Commission 1871-1879 Smith, S. I. & R. Rathbun, 1882 S. Drieschia pellucida Moore. J. P., 1903b deep Drilling, Koteff, C. & J. E. Cotton, 1962 Dumontia filiformis Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Dunaliella euchlora Yentsch, C. feeding Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 Chidester, F. E., 1929 Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, Jr., 1955 swimming Costello, D. P., 1946b breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 color changes Parker, G. H., 1931 development S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Duxbury beach studies Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954 Zeigler, Zeigler, & J. R. Fowler, 1932 Ayres, W. 0., 1854 Auclair, W., 1965 Cheney, R. H., 1950 Clark, H. L., 1904, 1908 Desor, E., 1851a Grave, C, 1903 Gray, G. M., 1932 Greeley, A. W., 1902 Harvey, E. B., 1939a Jackson, R. T., 1927 Parker, G. H., 1932 Tennent, D. H. & M. J. Hogue, 1906 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Verrill, A. E., 1873 Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 autotomy Pearse, A. S., 1909 Anderson, J. M., 1956 behavior Bumpus, H. C, 1898a Holmes, S. J., 1912 Pearse, A. S., 1908 Rockstein, M. & M. Rubinstein, 1957 AUee, W. C. J. M., 1960 J. M., et al, 1961 Earthquake at Provincetown Leet, L., 1935 Eastham beach studies Zeigler, J., et al, 1961 sand plains Grabau, A. W., 1897 Echeneibothnum classification Linton, E., 1889 Glaser, O., 1950 Harvey, E. B., 1949a Mathews, A. P., 1909 distribution Agassiz, A., 1865 Clark, H. L., 1905 diurnal rhythms Stier, T. J. B., 1933 embryology Chambers, R., 1930 geotaxis Lyon, E. P., 1906a hermaphroditism Zimmerman, A. M., S. B. Zimmerman & E. B. Harvey, 1960 life history Galtsoff, P. S. & V. L. Loosanoff, 1939 morphology, functional Budington, R. A., 1942 Echinodermata Echinodennata natural history Mead, A. D., 1901 physiology Allee, W. C, 1927 Clark, H.I. 1901 Haywood, C. & W. S. Root, 1930 planktonic seasonal distribution , Fish, C. J., 1925 rare Gray, G. M., 1936, 1940a reproduction Harvey, E. B., 1939c Palmer, L.,1935 sex determination Harvey, E. B., 1953 various hosts Linton, E., 1933 Echinorhynchus incrassatus Linton, E.. 1892a Echinorhynchus pristis parasite of Tylosurus caribbeaus Linton, E., 1892a Echinorhynchus pristis var tenuicomis parasite of Lobotes surinamensis Linton. E., 1892a parasite of Tylosurus caribbeaus Linton, E., 1892a Echinorhynchus proteus spawning Colwin, L. H., 1948 synonomy Clark, H. L., 1901 Echinoidea Auclair, W., 1965 Cheney, R. H., 1950 Desor, E., 1851a intermediate parasite of Gammarus pulex Linton, E., 1894 parasite of Cynoscion regale Linton, E., 1892a parasite of Roccus lineatus Linton, E., 1892a, 1889-1891, 1894 Greeley, A. W., 1902 Harvey, E. B., 1939a Jackson, R. T., 1927 Parker, G. H., 1932 behavior Holmes, S. J., Echinorhynchus attenuatus parasite of Acipenser bervirostris Linton, E., 1892a Echinorhynchus carchariae parasite of Carcharias littoralis Linton, E., 1892a Echinorhynchus cylindratus Linton, E., 1934c Echinorhynchus gadi Linton, E., 1934c 1912 1898a Echinorhynchus sagittifer color changes Parker, G. H., 1931 Linton. E., 1889-1891 development . 1892a classification Linton, E., 1932 parasite of Paralichthys dentatus, Cynoscion Glaser, a, 1950 Harvey, E. B., 1949a Mathews, A. P., 1909 regale, Pomatomus saltatrix distribution Agassiz, A., 1865 geotaxis Lyon, E. P., 1906a hermaphroditism Zimmerman, A. M., Linton, E, 1889 parasite of Serrasentis sagittifer Linton, E.. 1932 Echinorhynchus serrani S. B. Zimmerman & E. B. Harvey, 1960 physiology Haywood, C. & W. S. Root, 1930 reproduction Harvey, E. B., 1939c Palmer, L., 1935 sex determination Harvey, E. B., 1953 Echinorachnius parma Desor, E.. 1851a breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Echinorhynchus Linton. E.. 1910c Echinorhynchus acus Linton, E., 1892a (1891), 1894 parasite of Pseudopleuronectes americanus Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 seasonal distribution in Pseudopleuronectes americanus Linton, E., 1914 Echinorhynchus agilis parasite of Carcharias obscurus Linton, E., 1889-1891 parasite of Roccus americanus Linton, E., 1892a parasite of Serranus atrarius Linton, E., 1892a (1891) Echinorhynchus thecatus parasite of Roccus americanus Linton, E., 1892a(1891) Echinus granulans distribution Agassiz, A., 1865 Echinus granulatus Desor, E., 1851a Echthrogaleus coleoptratus parasite of Lamna comubica Rathburn, R., 1885 Echthrogaleus denticulatus Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 parasite of Carcharodon atwoodi Rathbun, R., 1885 Ecology Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger. 1873 bacteria. Eel Pond Arcisz, W., E. Wattie 1953 & J. L. Dallas, Eel Pond 99 Ecology benthic community Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce G. C. Whiteley, 1956 benthos, variability Parker, R. H., et al, 1964 & Copepoda Carter, J. C. H., 1964 Cyathura Burbanck, W. D., 1959 effect of 1934 hurricane Rogick, M. D., 1940 effects on protozoan distribution Lackey, J. B., 1938 intertidal fauna Howard, R. S., 1954 Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) behavior Forbes, A., 1933 Lynch, W. F., 1949 larval Grave, B. H., 1930 breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 ecological effect of hurricane Rogick, M. D., 1940 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 metamorphosis Lynch, W. F., 1952 Ectrogella perforans Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Edgartown Loligo pealii fisheries Arnold, J. M., 1962 Mya arenaria Ayers, J. C, 1956 Matthiessen, G. C, 1960 Orchestia heigalis and Talorchestia megal- opthama Platzman, physiological S. J., 1960 Skeletonema costatum Curl, H., Jr. & G. C. McLeod, 1961 populational Anraku, M., 1962 Ecotone community ecology, bottom fauna of Rand's Harbor Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Whiteley, Jr., 1956 Ectinosoma curticome Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Ectocarpus confervoides epiphytic on Laminaria longicruris Collins, P. S., 1914 Ectocarpus mitchellae Collins, F. S., 1891 Ectocarpus mitchellae Harv. var parva n. var Lewis, I. F. & F. R. Taylor, 1921 Ectocarpus ovatus Collins, F. S., 1896 Ectocarpus siliculosus development Papenfuss, G. F., 1935 Ectochaetae Thivy, F., 1942 Ectochaetae leptochaete Thivy, F., 1943 Ectochaetae taylori Thivy, F., 1942 Ectochaetae vagans Thivy, F., 1943 Ectopleura prolifica 1908 Hargitt, C. W Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) Desor, E., 1851a Osburn, R. C, 1912 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Verrill, A. E., 1872, 1873 attachment Lynch, W. F., 1958 Edwards, V. N., 1873 Parvatrema borealis Stunkard, H. W., 1962a Edgartown Harbor inlet changes Whiting, H. L., 1890 shoreline changes Whiting, H. L., 1872 water transport, tides & currents Marindin, H. L., 1894b Edible mussels see Mvtilus edulis Edwardsia elegans Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Edwardsia leidyi Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Verrill. A. E.. 1898 Edwardsia lineata Hargitt, C. W., 1914 \. Smith 0. Hareer. 1873 Edwardsia pallida Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Verrill, A. E., S. & Edwardsia sipunculoides Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Eel, American see Anguilla bostonensis Eel grass see Zostera Eel grass flats Allee, W. C, 1922b Eel Pond Kelly, C. B., 1950 bacteriology Arcisz, W., E. Wattie 1953 & J. L. Dallas, pollution Arcisz, W., E. Wattie 1953 spatial distribution Mya arenaria Connell, J. H., 1955 Petricola pholadiformis Connell, J. H., 1955 & J. L. Dallas, 100 Eggs Elysiella catulus Verrill, A. E., 1872 Eggs collection & handling Costello, D. P., et al, 1957 laying behavior Scott, J. W., 1909, 1911 Parker, F. L., 1952 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Elachistae stellaris epiphytic on Stilophora rhizodes Collins, F. S., 1891 Elasmobranchii host for Tetrarhynchidae Linton, E., 1894 Electra hastingsae Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 & H. Croasdale, 1949 flora Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 geology Hitchcock, E., 1824 Hollock, A., 1901 Woodworth, J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, 1934 glacial brick clays Shaler, N. S., J. B. Woodworth & C. F. Marbutt, 1896 glaciation Upham, carbohydrate, dissolved of Walsh, G. E., 1965a copepod distribution Eggerella advena Electra pilosa Rogick, M. D. Elizabeth Islands Embayments W., 1899 Carter, J. C. H., 1964 Embletonia fuscata fuscata Russell, H. D., 1964 Embryology Ryder, J. A., 1884a Anurida maritima Claypole, A. M., 1898 Asterias rubens Chambers, R., 1930 Cnidaria Beckwith, C. J., 1909 Eulima oleacea Gray, G. M., 1941 Homarus americanus Bumpus, H. C, 1891 Hydrozoa Beckwith, C. J., 1909 Isopoda McMurrich, J. P., 1895 Limulus polyphemus Kingsley, J. S., 1892 Osteichthyes Kuntz, A. & I. Radcliffe, 1917 Serranus atrarius Wilson, H. v., 1891a kettle holes Embryos Koons, B. F., 1885 palynology Ogden, J. G. Ill, 1963 sediments Hitchcock, E., 1824 collecting and handling Costello, D. P., et Emerita talpoida winter distribution Irving, L., 1942 Eloactis producta Hargitt, C. W., 1914 behavior Hargitt, C. W., 1907 Elops saurus Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940 Fowler, H.W., 1917 Smith, H. M., 1898a Elphidium advenum var. maTgaritaceum Parker, F. L., 1952 Elphidium articulatum Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Elphidium excavatum Parker, F.L., 1952 Elphidium galvestonense Parker, F. L. Elphidium gunteri Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Elphidium incertum Parker, F. L., 1952 Phelger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Elphidium selseyense Parker, F. L., 1952 Elphidium subarticum Parker, F. L., 1952 Phelger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Elysia chlorotica Russell, H. D., 1946 al, 1957 Emertonia eracilis Pennak, R. W., 1942a Wilson, C. B., 1932 Enchytraeidae Welch, P. S., 1917 Enchytraeus albidus Moore, J. P., 1905b Endeis spinosus morphology, circulatory system Cole, L. J., 1910 symbiosis, Obelia dichitoma Cole, L. J., 1910 Endoderma viridis Collins, F. S., 1906 Engraulididae Smith, H. M., 1898a Enoplobranchus sanguineus Hartman, 0., 1942a Enoplus communis anaerobi.osis Wieser, W. & Ensatella ame'ricana J. Kanwisher, 1959 fossil Verrill, A. E., 1878 Ensis directus behavior Drew, G. A., 1907b hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a 101 Esperella fibrexilis Ensis directus Eponides wrightii movement Parker. F. L., 1952 Drew, G. A., 1907b physiology Drew, G. A., 1907b, 1908 Enterococci Arcisz, W., E. Wattie & J. Erichsonia filiformis Harger, 0.,I879 Erichthonius difformis Smith, S. I., 1877-1882C Erosion Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954 L. Dallas, 1953 Enteromorpha linza wave effects on Zeigler, Kingsbury, Enteropneusta life J. & M., 1960 Julien, A. A., 1902 Agassiz, A., 1873 physiology Hess, W. M., 1935 Entocladia testarum Thivy, P., 1943 Entoprocta Nickerson, W. S., 1898, 1899, 1901 Entovalva (Devonia) perrieri Clench, W. J. & C. G. Aguayo, 1931 Environmental factors variability in Hadley Harbor Parker, R. H., et al, 1964 U. S. Beach Erosion Board, 1957 Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Zeigler, J. M., H. J. Tasha & G. S. Giese, 1964 coastal Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1965 Erythropeltis discigera Schmitz var. flustrae Jao, C. C. 1936 Erythrotichia rhizoidea epiphytic on Porphyra umbilicalis Cleland, R. E.. 1918 Estuaries algae, benthic Eocene J. G. Geise fauna of M., W. S. Hoffmeister, & H. Tasha, 1960 Chappaquiddick Island & Martha's Vineyard Brown, T. C. 1905 Woodworth, sediments 1894 J. B., D., 1949 circulation Schlee, J., E. Uchupi & J.V.A. Trumball, 1964 Eolis breeding Ketchum, B. H., 1954 community ecology, bottom fauna Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Whiteley, Jr., 1956 Copepoda distribution Carter, J. C. H.. 1964 Mead, A. D., 1898 gracilis Verrill, A. E., S. Conover, J. T., 1958 autecology Conover, J. T., 1958 carbohydrates, dissolved Walsh, G. E., 1965a Characeae Wood, R. Eolian, action Eone Tasha beach history Zeigler, J., S. Tuttle, B. Gill, H. G. Giese, 1961 I. Smith & 0. Harger 1873 Epelys montosus Harger, 0., 1880a Epelys triloDus Harger, 0., 1880a Epenthesis foliata Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Ephyrae occurrence Mead, A. D., 1898 Epibdella bumpusi i parasite of Dasyatis centrura Linton, E., 1901a Epinephelus adscensionis Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901 Epinephelus morio Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b Epinephelus niveatus Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1902b Epizoanthus americanus Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Eponides frigidus var. calidus Parker, F. L., 1952 Phleger, E B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 , , Dinophyceae Hulburt, E.M., 1957 ecology of Cyathura polita Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 exchange, fresh and salt water Ketchum, B. H., 1951 hydrography Barlow, J. P., 1956 Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce G. C. Whiteley, Jr., 1956 ontogeny Redfield, A. C, 1965a phosphorus distribution Hulbert, E. M., 1956a phytoplankton populations Hulbert. E. M.. 1963 seasonal distribution Hulbert. E. M., 1956b Escharina porosa Verrill, A. E.. 1880-1886 Esocidae Smith, H. M., 1898a Esperella fibrexilis development Wilson. H. v.. 1894 & 102 Estuaries Estuaries plankton Ketchum, B .H., 1954 Pocasset River & fauna of Sanders, H. L., P. C. Mangelsdorf & G. R. Hampson, 1965 seasonal productivity Conover, J. T., 1958 zooplankton population ecology of Barlow, J. P., 1955 Eteone cinerea Webster. H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Eteone setosa Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger salinity , 1873 Ethmophyllum Woodworth, Etrumeus sadina J. B., 1892 Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow Graham, 1957 Eubalaena glacialis Allen, G. M., 1916 Eucalanus attenuatus Sharpe, R. W., & H. W. Fiona marina 103 Eupomacentrus leucostictus Falmouth Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901 near shore processes Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958 Fasciolaria ligata Wilson, J. H., 1905 Eurychasmidium tumefaciens Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Eurycope truncata Fauna Richardson, H.. 1908 Eurylepta maculosa Lyman, Hyman, L. H., 1939, 1952 Pearse, A. S. & T., 1861 Northrop, J., 1951 Verrill, A. E., 1871b, 1882a, 1882b benthic ecology Whiteley, G. C, Jr., W. D. Burbank, A. M. Walker, 1939 Verrill, A. E., 1888 -1892c Eurytemora americana Sharpe, R. W., 1911 M. E. Pierce, 1949 bottom, Menemsha Bight Lee, R. E., 1944 intertidal, Barnstable Harbor Sanders, H. L., E. M. Goudsmit, E. L. Mills & G. E. Hampson, 1962 Eurytemora herdmani Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Eurytemora hirundoides Deevey, G. B., 1948 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Eusyllis tenera Verrill, A. E., 1882a, lists & 1882b catalogues C, 1919, 1922a, 1922b, 1922c, 1922d, 1923a, 1923c Allee, W. Eustylochus ellipticus Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Euthemisto physiology Raymont, J. E. G. & J. T. Conover, 1961 Euthynnus alletteratus Schuck, H. A., 1951b Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & H. W. Graham, 1957 Euthynnus pelamis Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow & H. W. Graham, 1957 Eutima Margin, C. W., 1908 Evadne nordmanni Provincetown Rathbun, R., 1881 Mollusca Verrill, A. E., 1872 littoral, of vertebrates of Muskeget Island Miller, G. S., 1897 Fauna and flora Woods Hole effect of winter survey Parker, R. W., 1934 Sumner, Sumner, & B., 1910 F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. J. Cole B. M. Davis, 1913 F. Feather-duster worms see Sabellidae Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Evolution Cnidaria Lenhoff, H. M. & H. A. Schneiderman, 1959 see behavior Felichthys marinus pelecypoda Drew, G. A., 1907a Excystation Smith, H. M., 1898a Fellodistomatidae larvae Cable, R. M., 1954 Feeding Trager, W., 1957 Fertilization Exocoetus heterurus Ciona Smith, H. M., 1899a U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Exocoetus rondelentii Smith, H. M., 1902a Exocoetus volitans Smith, H. M., 1898a 1896 Eye migration Pseudopleuronectes Williams, S. R., 1902 Fabricia leidyi Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith 1873 Faleus glaucus host for Kr^yerina elongata Wilson, C. B., 1932 & H., 1941 Linton, E., 1901b Filellum expansum Eraser, C. M., 1912 Fine-textured material Lutz, H. J., 1941 Finger sponges see Haliclona oculata distribution J. I., T. Fiddler crabs see Uca Field studies and experimentation biological farm Whitman, C. 0., 1902 Filaria settata parasite of Phycis tenuis host for pseudophyllidean cestode Linton, E., 1934b Exuviaella Peck, , Morgan, 0. Harger , Fiona marina development, larval Casteel, D. B., 1904 104 Fish Fisheries Fish Pecten Baird, S. F., 1873a Bumpus, H. Collins, J. C, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c W., 1889 Perlmutter, A., 1947 behavior breeding check Belding, D. L., 1910b Pseudopleuronectes americanus Salvelinus fontinalis Bumpus, H. C, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c list, of Woods Hole MuUan, I., 1878-1892, 1893-1899 soft shell 1882 Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1936, 1953 Bigelow, H. B. & W. W. Welsh, 1925 history, Massachusetts Storer, D. H., 1846-1867 larva Bigelow, H. B., 1917, 1922 Nantucket Sharpe, B. & H. W. Fowler, 1904 Nantucket shoals Edwards, R. L., R. Livingstone P. E. Hamer, 1962 records & notes for period 1600-1800 U. S. Fish Commission, 1873a 1958 Commissioners on Inland Fisheries, Bean, T. H., 1881, 1884 changes Sumner, F. B., 1906 effect of salinity food for cows Hinckley, Gulf of Maine J. W., seine clam Wheeler, C. L., 1948 predators Turner, H. J., Jr., et weir landings in al, 1948 Waquoit Bay Commissioners on Inland Fisheries, 1878-1893, 1894-1899 Lyman, T., 1872a whales Anonymous, 1665/66 FISH HAWK Rathbun, R., 1883 scientific investigations & Rathbun, R., 1883 Smith, J. A., 1889 Fish lice see Branchiura (Argulus) strange & curiously contrived Winthrop, J., 1670 Fistularia tabacaria Woods Hole U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Fistulicola plicatus parasite of Xiphias gladius Linton, E., 1941 Fixation, marine organisms Baird, S. F., Smith, H. M., 1898a 1873a young dispersal Williams, G. C, 1960 Fisheries Atwood, N. E., 1871a, 1871b, 1873 Baird, S. F., 1873c, 1873d, 1889 Clark, A. H., 1887 Collins, J. W. & H. M. Smith, 1892 Edwards, V. N., 1873 Bourne fishway at Cape Cod Canal Collins, G. B., 1950 exhaustion Lyman, J. B., M. R. Carriker, 1963 1940 morphology Nie, D., 1947 new species J. B., 1960 parasitic S. Fish Commission, 1873c Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Kudo, R., 1923 physiology Hochachka, P. W. & J. M. Teal, 1964 seasonal distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Lillick, L. C, 1937 Flatworms see Platyhelminthes Float, Phvsalin gas content Safford, V., 1939 S. Fish Commission, 1873b Flora Barnstable Dunes Commissioners on Inland Fisheries 1878-1892, 1893-1899 grounds, offshore Rich, W. H., 1930 historical references, fishing towns Clark, A. H., 1887 marine of Barnstable County Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Mollusca Belding, D. L., 1909 of 1871 of 1872 U. Lackey, & Margalef, R., 1960a Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Lackey, T., 1872b gill-net U. Russell, H. D. Flagellata oyster Galttsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch H. C. McMillin, 1930 & Boyce, S. G., 1952, 1954 Elizabeth Islands Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 Martha's Vineyard HoUick, A., 1893 Cretaceous Berrey, E. W., 1915 Fundulus heteroclitus 105 Fouling organisms Flora Parker, G. H., 1924 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Smith, S. I., 1880 Zobell, C. E., 1939 Freezing, intertidal Kanwisher, J. W., 1955, 1957, 1959 Frontina marina Bullington, W. E., 1939 Frontina ocularis Bullington, W. E., 1939 Nantucket Harshberger, flowering J. W., 1914 Miller, G. S., 1897 Penikese flowering Lewis, F. I. & W. R. Taylor, 1933 Woods Hole Parker, R. W., 1934 Sumner, F. B., 1910 Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. & B. M. Davis, 1913 J. Cole Flustra tmncata Desor, E., 1851a Flustrella hispida Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Fog, at Nobska Du Bois, E., 1935 Food chain in Buzzards Bay Peck, J. I., 1896 Food, marine sources Peck, J. I., 1896 Foraminifera Butcher, W. S., 1948 Cushman, J. A., 1908, 1944 Lidz, L., 1965 Parker, F. L., 1952 Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Said, R., 1953 Foraminifera facies Buzzards Bay Parker, F. L., 1952 Nantucket Lidz, L., 1965 Fossils periodicity Brown, F. A., M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., H. M. Webb & W. Fundulus Newman, H. H., 1909 anatomy, deformaties, twins Chidester, F. E., 1914 behavior & color changes Verrill, A. E.. 1897 development 1844 Packard, A. S., 1900 Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 Sayles, R. W. & A. S. Knox, 1943 Shaler, N.S., 1889b Stimpson,'W., 1863 Verrill, A. E., 1875, 1878 Wilson, J. L., 1905 flora Hollick, A., 1896b Sayles, R. W., 1939 J. A., 1905a, 1905b J. A., 1904a, 1905b J. A., 1904b, lQ05a, 1906c Pleistocene Scudder, horse S. & D. H., 1877 J. B., Edwards, 1932 Fundulus diaphanus morphology contact organs H. H.. 1909 fin-rays Bigelow. R. P., 1926 Fundulus heteroclitus contact organs, morphology Newman, H. H., 1909 development Armstrong, P. B. Woodworth, J. food for Gonionemus murbachii Gudger, E. W., 1934 host for Chloromyxa funduli Hahn, C. W., 1915 host for Myxobolus musculi Hahn, C. W., 1917 rheotaxis Lyon, E. P., 1905 Newman, Malacostraca Cushman, W. J. H. H., 1908 food for Asterias forbesi Chidester, F. E., 1929 Merrill, F. J. H., 1890, 1896 Cushman, Miocene Cushman, 1900 embryos 1959 exchange by & J. S. Armstrong, P. B., 1957 pollen Ogden, J. G., Ill, J. Brett, 1958 spermatozoid physiology Robbins, W. J., 1916 Fucus cinereus Adams, C. B., 1839b Fucus tonatus Wilson, J. H., 1905 Fucus vesiculosus Collins, F. S., 1914 wave effects on Kingsbury, J. M., 1960 Newman, HoUick, A.. 1893 C, Ryder, J. A., 1885 anaerobiosis Wiesee, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Draper, Dall, W. H., 1894 Gould, A. A., 1841 Lyell, Fucus Fossiliferous, boulders Crosby, W. 0., 1881 tidal currents Williams, G. C, 1960 gonads, seasonal cycle Mathews, S. A., 1938 Child, 1965 Fundulus heteroclitus 106 Gadus morrhua Fundulus heteroclitus hermaphroditism Chidester, F. E., 1917 host for Anisoporus manteri Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940, 1941 morphology of fin-rays Bigelow, R. P., 1926 sense of smell Parker, G. H. & R. E. Sheldon, 1914 sexual dimorphism Newman, H. H., 1907 spawning behavior Newman, H. H., 1907 vertebral variations Gabriel, M. L., 1942 Fundulus heteroclitus macrolepodotus Fowler, H.W., 1917 Fundulus majalis Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940 Fowler, H. W., 1917 Schroeder, W. C, 1937 contact organs, morphology Newman, H. H., 1909 exchange by tidal currents Williams, G. C, 1960 morphology of fin-rays Bigelow, R. P., 1926 optic morphology Parker, G. H., 1903 Fundulus pisculentus Lyman, T., 1861 Galeocerdo maculatus host for Thysanocephalum crispum Linton, E., 1892b, 1894 Galeocerdo tigrinus host for Acanthoch^ilus nidifex Linton, E., 1901a host for Ascaris brevicapitata Linton, E., 1901b host for Orygmatobothrium paulum Linton, E., 1898b host for Phyllobothrium thysanocephalum Linton, E., 1889 host for Thysanocephalum crispum Linton, E., 1889-1891 (1890), 1898b, (1897) parasites of Linton, E., 1901a cestodes Linton, E., 1910a Fungi Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 ecology Vishniac, H. S., 1956 parasitic Linton, E., 1936 saprophytic Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1937 Galeocerdo tigrinus Gadidae Smith, H. M., 1898a life history Schroeder, W. C, 1928 production & distribution of eggs host for Dibothrium rugosum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Himasthla tensa Linton, E., 1942 morphology, cranial nerves Herrick, C. J., 1900 temperature Kidder, J. H., 1879 Galeichthys felis Smith, H. M., 1898a Galeidae Smith, H. M., 1898a Galeocerdo arcticus host for Anthocheilus nidifex Linton, E., 1934c host for Thysanocephalus thysanocephalum Linton, E., 1934c Galeocerdo cuvier Anonymous, 1916 physiology, digestive tract Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Galeus canis breeding in Cape Cod Bay Thompson, M. T., 1899 Galeus glaucus Fish, C. J., 1928 Gadus Harper, F., 1928 Galtyana nutti host for Dibothrium rugosum Linton, E., 1894 Gadus callarias Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 host for Dibothrium rugosum Linton, E., 1898b host for Nitzschia papillosa Linton, E., 1898c Gadus melarosis Hsiao, S. C, 1941 tagging Smith, H. M., 1902c Gadus morrhua viability Arbacia punctulata Cheney, R. H., 1950 Asterias, Chaet, A. B., 1964 Cumingia tellinoides Grave, B. H., 1926, 1928b Gametogenesis, experimental stimulation Hydroides and Pecten Turner, H. J., Jr. &J. E. Hanks, 1960 Gammarus breeding embryology Mead, A. D., 1898 1884a host for Contracaecum clavatum Linton, E., 1934c Ryder, Pettibone, M. H., 1955 Gametes J. A., Gammarus qnnulatus Verrill. A. E., S. 1873 1. Smith & 0. Harger , Gastropoda 207 Gammarus natator Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & O. Harger , 1873 Gammarus oceanicus anaerobiosis Wiesee, W. & osmotic regulation J. Kanwisher, 1939 Werntz, H. 0., 1963 Gammarus pulex intermediate host for Echinorhynchus proteus Linton, E., 1894 Gammarus tigrinus osmotic regulation Werntz, H. O., 1963 Gargorchis varians parasite of Ceratacanthus schoepfi Linton, E., 1942 Garrupa nigrita Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901 Gasterosteidae Smith, H. M., 1898a rheotaxis Lyon, E. P., 1905 Gasterosteus aculeatus development, larval Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 embryology Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 exchange by tidal currents Williams, G. C, 1960 Gasterosteus gladiunculus Smith, H. M., 1898a Gasterostomum parasite of Tylosurus marinus Linton, E., 1901a Gasterostomum arcuatum Linton, E., 1901a parasite of Carcharias obscurus Linton, E., 1934c parasite of Sarda sarda Linton, E., 1901a Gasterostomum capitatum parasite of Auxis rochei Linton, E., 1942 Gasterostomum increscens seasonal distribution in Sphyraena borealis Linton, E., 1914 Gasterostomum ovatum parasite of Lobotes surinamensis Linton, E., 1901a Gastropoda Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1841b Bartsch, P., 1907-1912 Bulfinch, T., 1844 Carriker, M. R. & D. van Zandt, 1964 Conklin, E. G., 1897 Crowell, S., 1945 Gray, G. M., 1932 Jenner, C. E. & N. A. Chamberlain, 1955 Lyman, T., 1861 Merriman, D., 1937 Moore, G. M., 1950 Plaine, H. L., 1952 Russell, H. D., 1946, 1964 Scheltema, R. S., 1956, 1961, 1962, 1965 Gastropoda Scheltema, R. S. & A. H. Scheltema, 1963, 1965 Smallwood, W. M., 1904 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1958 Verrill, A. E., 1872, 1873 Winkley, H. W., 1907, 1909, 1912 behavior Alexander, D. G., 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & J. Brett, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. J. Brett & H. M. Webb, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., & H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A,, Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett & L. H. Barwell, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. W. Webb & W. J. Brett, 1960 Copeland, M. A., 1919, 1922 Hsiao, S. C, 1939 W. , C E., 1956b, 1956c, 1957, 1958, 1959 Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, Jr. &W. J. Brett, 1959b Wilczynski, J. Z., 1955 feeding Copeland, M., 1918 Hanks, J. E., 1952 sexual Coe, W. R., 1936b breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Jenner, development Gould, H. N., 1949 Hanks, J. E., 1963 larval Casteel, D. B., 1904 embryology Gray, G. M., 1941 freezing metabolism Kanwisher, J., 1959 geotropism Kanda, S., 1916 hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a intertidal freezing Kanwisher, metabolism J. W., 1955 Zieg, R. G., 1960 mortality Fraenkel, G., 1960 new species Adams, C. B., 1841a parasitic hosts Cable, R. M., A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940, 1941 Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 Linton, E., 1915c Miller, H.M., Jr. & F. E. Northup, 1926 Wheeler, W. M., 1894a 108 Gastropoda Gegarcimus Gastropoda fossill penis resorption Jenner, C.E., 1936a Lyell, Haseman, J. D., 1911 physiology Brown, F. A., Jr., F. H. Barnwell H. M. Webb, 1964 Kepner, W. A., 1943 predators Turner, H. J., Jr., J. C. Ayers & C. L. Wheeler, 1948 reproduction Hanks, J. E., 1957 sex changes Coe, W. R., 1938 1844 Smith, S. & Faure-fremiet, E. A., 1951a Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Geography Blunt, E. M., 1827 J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, 1934 Woodworth, Geology Fuller, M. L., 1906b Hitchcock, E., 1833 Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 Koons, B. F., 1884, 1885 Marindin, H. L., 1897 Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958 Woodworth, J. B., 1927 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954a, 1957 Zeigler, J. M., S. Tuttle, B. Gill, H. Tasha & G. S. Giese, 1961 algae Davis, B. M., 1913b Cretaceous P. R., 1892a, 1892b J. 1873 Gemmaria gemmosa synonomy Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1964 West, S., 1793 Woodworth, J. B., 1897 upper Wadworth, I., Gelasimus vocans Lyman, T., 1861 Geleia simplex Gay Head Uhler, C, Gelasimus periodicity B., 1897 fossils Dall, W. H., 1894 Lyell, C, 1844 Zeigler, & J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. 1890 1900 Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 Stimpson, W., 1863 geology Clark, W. B., 1890 Uhler, P. R., 1892a, 1892b geo-morphology Baylies, W., 1793 glacial deposits Woodworth, J. B., 1900 mi cropaleontology Knox, A., 1952 mineralogy Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 beach Miocene Cushman, shoreline Mitchell, H., 1873 Elizabeth Islands Merrill, F. J. H., Packard, A. Zeigler, S., J. A., 1964 J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. G. S. Giese, 1964 Zeigler, & & Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 Tertiary strata Lyell, C, 1844 water movement (non-tidal drift) off Gay Head Bumpus, D. F., 1961 Bumpus, D. F., J. Chase, C. G. Day, D. Ketchum, R. G. D. H. Frantz, Jr., D Walden, 1957 C. G. Day, 1957 HoUick, A., 1901 facetted pebbles Davis, W. M., 1895 Falmouth shoreline Kemp, J. M. & W. S. Butcher, 1952 Gay Head Baylies, W., 1793 Clark, W. B., 1890 Uhler, P. R., 1892a, 1892b Harwich Koteff, C. & J. E. Cotton, 1962 Inner shelf-south Bigelow, H. B., 1927 seismic investigations Ewing, M., et al, 1950 Stetson, H., 1938 larvae Smith, S. I., 1873 Tasha Chatham Knox, A., 1952 & M., 1960 Chamberlain, B. B., 1964 Grabau, A. W., 1897 Mather, K.F.. R. P. Goldthwait & L. R. Thiesmeyer, 1940, 1942 Shaler,.N.S. ,1889a, 1890, 1898 Upham, W., 1879 Woodworth, J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, 1934 Zeigler, J. M., H. J. Tasha & G. S. Giese, stratigraphy Bumpus, D. F. Gebia affinis J. Cape Cod 1904a, 1905b Dall, W. H., 1894 Pleistocene moUusks Mcalester, A. L., I. G. Speden M. A. Buzas, 1964 Tasha G. S. Giese, 1964 Martha's Vineyard Hollick, A., 1893 Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 109 Gonionemus Germo alalunga Geology Martha's Vineyard Shaler, N. S., 1888 Woodworth, J. B., 1894 Massachusetts Emerson, B. K., 1917 Monomoy Mitchell, H., 1871 Monomoy shoals Mitchell, H., 1886 Nantucket Curtis, G. C. & J. B. Woodworth, 1899 Gulliver, F. P., 1904, 1909 Hollick, C. A., 1896 Jones, W. F. & J. B. Lucke, 1951 Merrill, F., 1896 Smith, H. M., 1898b Geryon Quinquedens Smith, S. I., 1878-1882 Giraudia sphacelaroides Schuh, R. E., 1900a Glacial brick clays Shaler, N. S., J. B. Woodworth & C. F. Marbutt, 1896 deposition Curtis, G. C. & J. B. Woodworth, 1899 deposits Cape Cod age of Woodworth, Scudder, S. H., 1881 Harbor Marindin, H. L., 1896 shoreline Gulliver, F. P., 1904 Nausett Beach Mitchell, H., 1871 Oyster Pond, Martha's Vineyard Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 Quissett Bartlett, H. H., 1909 Race Point Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958 shoreline changes Chute, N. E.. 1946 Marindin, H. L., 1889, 1890, 1894a shore processes Marindin, H. L., 1892a Truro fossiliferous boulders Crosby, W., 1881 Geophysics Ewing, M., et al, 1950 Liebermann, L. N., 1948 Oldale, R. M. & C. R. Tuttle, 1964 subsurface structure of Cape Cod Bay Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 Geotaxis Arbacia Lyon, E. Geotropism P., 1906a Littorina littorea 1933 George M. Gray Museum Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Russell, H. D. & M. R. Carriker, 1963 Georges Bank Verrill, A. E., 1878 sediments Wigley, R. L., 1961a Gephyreae Verrill, A. E., 1964 J. B., 1900 history Wilson, J. H., 1906 uplift Fairchild, H. L., 1926 Glaciation Fuller, M. L., 1906b Lougee, R. J., 1939 marine limits Horner, N. G., 1929 Glaridacris catostomi parasite of Catostomus commersonii Linton, E., 1941 Glenodinium compressa Calkins, G. N., 1902 Globicephala Starrett, A. & P. Starrett, 1955 Globicephalus melus host for Prosthecocotyle monticellii Linton, E., 1924 Gloecapsa zostericola Farlow, W. G., 1882b Gloeocystis Farlow, W. G., 1882b Gloiopotes ornatus Wilson, C. B.. 1906 Glycera dibranchiata Pearse, A. S., 1928 Gnesioceros sargassicola Hyman, L. H., 1939 Gnesioceros verrilli Hyman, L. H., 1939 classification Kanda, S., 1916 Protozoa Kanda, S., 1914 Geotropism & diurnal rhythm Thyone briareus Stier, J. T. B., al, Zeigler, J., et Gay Head 1880-1886 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Gobiosoma bosci Smith, H. M., 1898a Goffinella stylifer Wilson, C. B., 1932 Gonionemus behavior Morse, M., 1906, 1907 Murbach, L., 1895, 1909 light reactions Murbach, L., 1909 breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 i 110 Gonionemus Great Pond Gonionemus life exchange of fresh & salt water Ketchum, B. H., 1951 history Murbach, L., 1895 morphology, otocysts Thomas, L. J., 1921 Foraminifera Said, R., 1953 hydrography Barlow, tentacles, origin Perkins, H. F., 1901 J. P., 1952, 1955 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b phosphorus distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956a variation Hargitt, C. W., 1900b, 1901 Gonionemus murbachii behavior Gudger, E. W., 1934 Yerkes, R. M. & J. B. Ayer, budding in larvae Perkins, H. F., 1903 phytoplankton Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Jr., 1903 development Perkins, H. F., 1902 physiology Yerkes, R. M., 1902b spawning, effect of light Rugh, R., 1929 Gonothyrea loveni development Grave, B. H., 1933 Goose barnacles see Lepas Graffilla semellipara commensal with Modiolus plicatulus Linton. E.. 1910c Patterson, J. T., 1912 development, early Patterson, J. T., 1912 Graffkya homari infecting Homarus americanus Rabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 Grain size distribution Schlee, J., E. Uchupi, J. V. A. Trumbull, salinity distribution Barlow, J. P., 1956 seasonal growth of oysters Pierce, M. E. & J. T. Conover, 1954 seasonal productivity Conover, J. T., 1958 temperature Barlow, J. P., 1955 Vaucheria Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conovor, 1953 water movement Barlow, J. P., 1955 zooplankton Barlow, J. P., 1952, 1955 Great Harbor Woods Hole bioluminescence Backus, R. H., C. S. Yentsch & A. Wing, 1961 Green crabs see Carcinus maenas Green sea urchins see Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis Gribbles see Limnoria Griffthsia bornetiana development 1964 life Derick, C. M., 1899 cycle Lewis, I. F., 1914 life history Grammonota inomata behavior Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1911 GRAMPUS Lewis, scientific investigations Collins, J. W., 1889 Grapsus pictus Smith, S. I., 1877-1882b history life see Hippolyte Gravity Bugula larvae structure Grazing Acartia Anraku, M., 1964 Copepoda Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Great Pond algae, benthic autecology Conover, J. T., 1958 seasonal production Conover, J. T., 1958 Dinophyceae, unarmoured Hulburt, E. M., 1957 F., 1909, 1912 development Brannon, M. A., 1897 Grass shrimp Lynch, W. F., 1949 I. Grinnellia americana Lewis, L F., 1912 Brannon, M. A., 1897 Gruberia calkins Beltran, E., 1933 Grubia websteri Verrill. A. E. 1882a, 1882b Gulf of Maine , fishes of Bigelow, H. B. Bigelow, H. B. & & W. C. Schroeder, 1936, 1953 W. W. Welsh, 1925 Gulf weed see Sargassum Gulf weed crabs see Planes minutus Gunda segmentata morphology Curtis, W. C, 1908 Heat Death Ill Halecium tensum Gymnodinoides excy station on Uca pugnax Trager, W., 1957 Gymnodinoides inkystans excy station on Pagurus longicarpus Trager, W., 1957 Gymnodinium lazulum Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Gymnodinium nelsoni Hulburt. E. M., 1957 respiratory metabolism Hochachka, P. W. & J. M. Teal. 1964 Gymnodinium stellatum Hulburt. E. M.ri957 Gymnodinium striatissimum M. W.. 1949 Halithalestris croni Sharpe. R. W.. 1911 Halodrillus littoralis Verrill. A. E.. S. 1. Smith & O. Harger, scientific investigations Arnold, E. L., Jr., Anonymous. 1889 1951 Smith. Gyrodinium aureolum Haminea Hulburt. E. M., 1957 .J. A., 1889 solitaria natural history Gyrodinium dominans Smallwood. W. M.. 1904 Hantzschia amphioxys tidal rhythms, intertidal sand Faure- Fremiet, E.. 1951b Haplophragmoides hancocki Hulburt. E. M., 1957 Gyrodinium estuariale Hulburt. E. M.. 1957 seasonal distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Gyrodinium glaebum Hulburt E. M..1957 Gy/odinium metum Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Gyro dinium resp lenden s & Parker. F. L. W. D. Athearn. 1959 Haplospora , Farlow, W. G.. 1882b Hard shelled clams see Mercenaria Harengula sardina Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Radcliffe. L.. 1916 Gyrodinium spirale Harmothoe Hulburt. E. M., 1957 Gyrodi nium unca tenu m Vl uTburt. E. M.. 1957 breeding Mead. A. D.. 1898 Harmothoe dearbomii Gyrodinium undulans Pettibone. M. H.. 1955 Hulburt. E. M.. 1957 Habitats AUee, W. C, 1934 Harmothoe imbricata Pearse, A. Hadley Harbor Arabella on Diopatra cuprea Allen, M. J., 1952 Cetorhinus maximus Anonymous, 1937 faunal and environmental variability Parker, R. H., et al, 1964 meiofauna Driscoll, A. L., 1964 J. Harwich geology Koteff. C. & J. E. Cotton. 1962 stratigraphy Koteff. C. & J. E. Cotton, 1962 Haustoriidae Kanwisher, 1939 Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Halecium g raci le .Verrill. A. E.. S. Pettibone. M. H.. 1955 Harpacticoida Pennak. R. W.. 1942b Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Harpacticus chelifer Sharpe. R. W.. 1911 Hartmania moorei Pettibone. M. H.. 1955 Julien. A.. 1907 1937 Halacarus Hag. J.. 1965 Halacarus anomalus Hag, J., 1965 Halacgros basteri basteri anaerobiosis Wieser, W. & Halcampa farinacea 1928 archaeology invertebrate community C. S.. Harmothoe macginitiei Verrill, A. E., 1873 1873 M. W.. 1949 HALYCON Linton. E.. 1898c Gymnura altavela Stauffer, R. M. W.. 1949 1873 Gymnosarda pelamys host for Tristomum laeve " M. W.. 1949 Halosaccion ramentaceum Epiphytic on Rhodymenia palmata Collins, F. S.. 1914 Hulburt. E. M.. 1957 " Eraser, C. M.. 1943 Halichondria panicea de Laubenfels, Haliclona oculata de Laubenfels. Haliclona palmata de Laubenfels. Haliclona permollis de Laubenfels. 1. Smith & 0. Harger, Bousfield". E. L., 1965 Haustorius canadensis Bousfield. E. L.. 1965 Heat death Orr, P. R.. 1946 112 Heat tolerance Himasthala tensa Heat tolerance Wilkens, Heliotropism J. L. & parasite of Gadus morrhua Linton, E., 1942 M. Fingerman, 1965 Hipp a larval breeding Kanda, S., 1919 Helminth entozoa Linton, E., 1934c Hemichordata Morgan, T. H., 1891, 1892 Mead, A. D., 1898 morphology Smith, S. L, 1874-1878 Hippa talpoida behavior Welsh, behavior Miner, R. W., 1912 life history Agassiz, A., 1873 Smith, S. Smith, H. M., 1898b Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940 Hemitripterus americanus physiology Kidder, J. H., 1879 Hemiurus appendiculatus Linton, E., 1934c Hermaphroditism Arbacia punctulata Zimmerman, A. M., S. B. Zimmerman & E. B. Harvey, 1960 mollusks Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Sabella microphthalma Gregory7L. H., 1905 Hermit crabs see Pagunis Herring fishing Cape Cod Canal Collins, G. B., 1950 Hesione agilis J. E. Benedict. 1884 Hesionidae new species Pettibone, M. H., 1956 Heteromastix fissa Lackey, J. B., 1940 Heteromysis breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 Heteromysis formosa Verrill. A. E.. S. 1873, 1874-1878 I. Smith & 0. Harger , Thompson, C. B., 1900b Hexamatia parasite of Deropristis inflata Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Stunkard, H. W., 1960 Himasthala compacta history Stunkard. H. W.. 1960 Himasthala mcintoshi Stunkard. H. W.. 1960 Himasthala oiscitola Stunkard. H. W.. 1960 Himasthala quissetensis life history & morphology Stunkard, H. W., 1938 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Smith, H. M., 1898a Hippoglossina oblonga albinism Lux, F. E., 1959 Hippoglossoides platessoides physiology Kidder, J. H., 1879 Hippoglossus hippoglossus Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Hipponoe gaudichaudi Moore, J. P., 1903b Hippoporina contracta Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Hippothoa hyalina Rogick, M. A. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Hippuraria elongata Osburn. R. C. 1912 Hirudinella fusca parasite of Xyphias gladius Manter, H. W., 1926 Histiophorus gladius host for Dibothrium manubriforme Linton, E., 1894 clam fishery Heteronemertea Himasthala Smith, S. L, 1874-1878 Hippocampus hudsonius History 1873 life I., morphology Hemirhampus brasiliensis E.& H., 1933 larval physiology Hess, W. M., 1935 Webster. "H. J. development Faxon, W., 1879b Belding, D. L., 1914, 1916, 1930 Marine Biological Laboratory Lillie, F. R., 1944 Systematic s-Ecology Program Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Holocene Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a Holocentrus Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b Holothuroidea Ayres, W. 0., 1854 Desor.E.. 1851a Gray, G. M., 1932 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 autotomy Pearse, A. S., 1909 behavior Pearse, A. S., 1908 swimming Costello, D. P., 1946b & 1962 b Hydrogenion concentration 113 Humidity Holothuroidea breeding vertical distribution on Nantucket Emmons, G., 1947 Humus, marine Waksman, S. A., 1933 Mead, A. D., 1898 diurnal rhythms Stier, T. J. B., 1933 Hurricanes 1944 Chute, N. E., 1946 ecological effect of (1939) Rogick, M. D., 1940 effect on sea water levels physiology Clark, H. L., 1901 rare Gray, G. M., 1936 spawning Colwin, L. H., 1948 synonomy Clark, H. L., 1901 Holozoa clavata Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a larval Homaeocladia Peck, development Sanders, H. L., 1963a 1896 Homalometron pallidum Linton, E., 1934c J. I., morphology Hessler, R. R. & H. L. Sanders, 1964 functional Sanders, H. L., 1963a classification Stunkard, H. W., 1964 life history Stunkard, H. W., 1964 phylogeny Sanders, H. L., 1957 Hyale prevosti morphology Stunkard, H. W., 1964 Homarus americanus U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 anaerobiosis Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Hyannis fisheries behavior Edwards, V. N., 1873 *Atwood, N. E., 1865 Hybocodon culture Rathbun, R., 1887b development Ryder, J. A., 1886a morphology variation & 1886b larval Smith, S. I., 1872, 1873 embryology Bumpus, H. C, 1891 infected by Graffkya homari Rabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 landings Commercial Inland Fisheries, 1893-1899 life Redfield, A. C. & A. R. Miller, 1955, 1957 Hulchinsoniella macracantha anatomy, external Sanders, H. L., 1963a history Herrick, F. H., 1911 Hughes, J. T. & G. C. Matthiessen, 1962 migrations Bumpus, H. C, 1901 reasoning ability Nye, W., Jr., 1887b Hopkinsina pacifica atlantica Parker, F. L., 1952 Hoploplana grubei Hyman, L. H., 1939 Hoploplana inquilina Hyman, L. H., 1939 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Horse conchs see Busy con Horse, fossil fragment Woodworth, J. B., 1900 Horse mussels see Modiolus modiolus Horsehair snakes see Gordiacea Horseshoe crabs see Limulus polyphemus Hargitt, C. W., 1901 occurrence of Mead, A. D., 1898 Hybocodon prolifer Hargitt, C. W., lQn2b Hydra worms see young of Nicolea Hydractinia Lyman, T., 1861 development Bunting, M., 1894 origin of sex cells Bunting, M., 1894 symbiosis with Pagurus Bunting, M., 1894 Hydractinia echinata commensal Crowell, ontogeny S., 1945 Hargitt, C. W., 1911 symbiosis Hargitt, C. W.. 1908 synonomy Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Hydractinia valens Eraser. C. M., 1943 Hydranth formation & temperature Tubularia Moore, J. A., 1939 Hydrargira flavula Lyman, T., 1861 Hydrogenion concentration Rands Harbor Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce G. C. Whiteley, Jr., 1956 & 114 Hydrogen sulohide Hydrogen sulphide Manheim, F. T., A. R. Tagg & J. bacterial reduction Berner, R. A., Hydrography Barlow, J. P., Hydrozoa Trumbull, Holsemann, 1964 J. V. A. 1959 growth, terminal Crowell, S. 1963 life 1952, 1955 Blunt, E. M., 1827 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Kemp, J. M. & W. S. Butcher, 1952 Shaw, W. N., 1962 Thomas, Lt., C. M., 1938 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith &0. Harger, 1873 Hydroida Verrill, A. E., evolution Lenhoff, H. M. 1880-1886 Hydroides dianthus Turner, H. J., Jr. &J. E. Hanks, 1960 behavior Hargitt, C. W., 1906a, 1909b & & H. A. Schneiderman, C. Wyttenbach, 1957 history Murbach, L., 1895 morphology Hargitt, C. W., 1900b, 1901 Perkins, H. F., 1901 Smallwood, M., 1899 Thomas, L., 1921 new species Eraser, C. M., 1943 Murbach, L., 1899 physiology Kepner, W. A., 1943 Yerkes, R. M., 1902b Yerkes, A. W., 1906 host for sporocysts Linton, E., 1915d spawning Hargitt, C. W., 1910 Hydroides hexagonus Pearse, A. S., 1928 development Grave, B. H., 1933 host for Cercaria loossi Martin, W. E., 1944 regeneration Golden, A., 1942 Hargitt, G. T., 1902c, 1905b symbiosis with Pycnogonida Cole, L. J., 1910 systematics Petersen, K. W., 1964 Hymeniacidon heliophila de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Hyperia galba physiology Raymond, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Hydrozoa Hyperoodon Agassiz, A., 1862 Crowell, S., 1945 Desor, E., 1851a Lyman, T., 1861 Safford, V., 1939 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Watt, D. J., 1955 Wittenberg, J. B., 1958 autotomy Morse, M., 1909 behavior Morse, M., 1906 Rugh, R., 1929 Yerkes, R. M. & J. B. Ayer, Jr., 1903 feeding Gudger, E. W., 1934, 1942 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Thompson, M. T., 1899 budding Perkins, H. F., 1903 development Allen, C. M., 1900 Bunting, M., 1894 Crowell, S. & M. Rusk, 1950 Hargitt, C. W., 1900a, 1904a, 1906b, 1911 Moore, J. A., 1939 Perkins, H. F., 1902 distribution Eraser, C. M., 1912 Hargkt, C. W., 1902b, 1905a, 1908, 1909b Nutting, C. C, 1901 embryology Beckwith, C. J., 1909 fossil Lyell, C, 1844 Hypoeulalia bilineata Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Hypolytus peregrinus Murbach. L.. 1899 Hyporhamphus roberti Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b Ichthyology of Massachusetts Gill, T., 1905 Ichthyonema globiceps Linton, E., 1898a Ichthyonema sanguineum parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Linton, E., 1901a Ichthyotaenia adherens parasite of Cestracion zygaena Linton, E., 1925 Idothea baltica feeding De la Cruz, A. H., 1960 Idothea coeca Lyman, T., 1861 Idothea irrorata Harger, 0., 1880a breeding Thompson, M. T., 1889 Idothea phosphorea Harger, 0., 1880a Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith 1873 Idothea robusta Harger, 0., 1880a breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 & 0. Harger , s Iron requirements 115 Insecta Idulia coronata Verrill, A. E., 1873 Moore, G. M., 1950 Russell, H. D., 1964 Interference Idya furcata Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Idya roseola Agassiz, A., 1862 llyanassa breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 locomotion rate Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown Brett, 1959a, 1959b llyanassa obsoleta see also Nassarius obsoletus Winkley, H. W., 1907 host for trematode sporocysts Linton, E., 1915c & C, 1953 marine muds Siever, R, et al, 1961 Redfield, A. Interstitial water, Intertidal animal distribution, vertical Fahey, E. M., 1947 chlorophyll a Jr., & W. J. W. J. Brett, cercariae M. F. Bennett Jr., & 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. H. M. Webb, 1959 Brown, F. A., Brown, F. A., &H. Jr. J. Brett & M. Webb, 1960 H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett Jr., Gifford, E. C. & E. P. Odum, 1961 colonization, pioneer Fahey, E. M., 1949 copepods Pennak, R. W., 1942a periodicity Brown, F. A., & L. H. Barnwell, 1959 llyopsyllus sarse Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Imogene oculifera Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Index of condition, oysters fauna of Barnstable Harbor Sanders, H. L., et al, 1962 of Gansett Beach, Quissett Howard, R. S., 1954 mesoporal &microporal ciliates Faure Fremiet, E. A., 1951a Hantzschia amphioxys tidal rhythm Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951b Mystacocarida Pennak, R. W. fk D. J. Zinn, 1943 productivity Gifford, E. C. Invertebrata Dawson, Smith, R. larval trematode & U. F. E. Northup, 1926 S. J. A., I., 1931 1964 (ed.), Fish Commission, 1901 I. Smith ,^0. Harger, 1873 Verrill, A. E., S. changes Edgartown Harbor Inlet Whiting, H. L., 1890 Inner shelf bottom topography J., E. P. Odum, 1951 Fahey, E. M., 1947, 1949 grown Shaw, W. N., 1963 Infestation, seasonal Miller, H. M., Jr. & repopulation raft Northrop, phenomena tides 1951 fauna Verrill, A. E., 1882b geomorphology Ewing, M., et al, 1950 geophysics Ewing, M., et al, 1950 Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps reappearance Bumpus, H. C, 1899 physical oceanography Bigelow, H. B., 1927 salinity Bigelow, H. B. & M. Sears, 1955 Day, C. G., 1963 sediments Northrup, F. E., 1Q26 Northrop, J., 1951 Stetson, H., 1938 temperature Day, C. G., 1963 cycle Bigelow, H. B., 1933 zooplankton Bigelow, H. B. & M. Sears, 1939 acoustic orientation Moulton, J. M., 1963 amino acid uptake Stephens, G. C. & R. A. Schinske, 1958, 1961 anaerobiosis Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 benthic survey Menemisha Bight Lee, R. E., 1944 blood cell counts Yeager, J. F. & O. E. Tauber, 1935 catalogue Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith 8cO. Harger, 1873 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 Nantucket shoals Desor, E., 1851b observations Bumpus, H. C, 1898a, 1898b Woods Hole Smith, R. I., 1964 convexa commensal on Cyclammina Cushman, J. A., 1920 Iridia Iron sea water, determination Rakestraw, N. W., et al, 1936 Iron requirements of planktonic algae Ryther, J. H. & D. D. Kramer, 1961 in 116 Ironella prismatolaima Kettle holes Elizabeth Islands Ironella prismatolaima Cobb, N. A., 1920 & Woods Hole Koons, B. P., 1884, 1885 Isobractus setosus Hag, J., 1965 Isocardia fossil Verrill, A. E., 1878 Isochrysidalis Hulburt, E. M., 1963 Isopoda Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 Burbanck, W. D. & M. P. Burbanck, 1958 Harger, 0., 1880a, 1880b Menzies, R. J. & C. Beckman, 1958 Richardson, H., 1909 Smith, S. I., 1880 Wigiey, R. L., 1961b breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 embryology McMurrich, J. P., 1895 new species Harger, 0., 1878 Richardson, H., 1908 Kyphosus sectatrix Smith, H. M., 1898a Labidocera aestiva parasitic Thompson, M. T., 1902 sex determination Reinhard, E. G., 1949 Istiophorus americanus host for Bothriocephalus manubriformis Linton, E., 1941 Isurus dekayi Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Phyllobothrium tumidum Linton, E., 1922d host for Thysanocephalum ridiculum Linton, E., 1901b Isurus oxyrinchus Atwood, N. E., 1866a Jack-knife clams see Siliqua, Tagelus Jadammina poly stoma Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Jaera albifrons Harger, O., 1880a Jaera marina embryology McMurrich, Jaminia producta Adams, C. Jaminia seminuda Adams. C. Keys, invertebrates of Woods Hole region Smith, R. I., 1964 King crabs (British usage) see Limulus Knobbed whelk see Busycon carica Kr^yerina elongata parasite of Faleus glaucus Wilson, C. B., 1932 Kr^yeria nasuta parasite of Dasybatus marinus Wilson, C. B., 1932 Kr^yeria papillipes parasite of S. zygaena Wilson, G. B., 1932 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 behavior Parker, G. H., 1902 distribution Anraku, M., 1962 grazing Anraku, M., 1964 Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 migration & depth Parker, G. H., 1902 morphology Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 respiration Anraku, M., 1964 Labrospira crassimargo Phleger, P. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Labyrinthula Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 parasite of Zostera marina Renn, C. E., 1935, 1936b Labyrinthula chattoni Sparrow. F. K., Jr., 1936 Lactophrys tricornis Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b J. P., Lactophrys trigonus 1895 Smith, H. M., 1898a B., 1841a , 1841b Lactophrys triqueter Smith, H. M.. 1899a, 1901 B.. 1839b, 1819a, 1941b Janira spino sa Harger, P., 1880a Janthina fragilis Bulfinch, T., 1844 Gould, A. A., 1841 Jellyfish see Ctenophora, Hydromedusae, Scyphomedusae Katama Bay, Nantucket water transport, tides & currents Marindin, H. L., 1894b Keratosum complexum Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Lady crabs see Ovalipes Laemargus moricatus development McClendon, J. P., 1906, 1907 Laevicardium mortoni hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a host for Cercana laevicardii Cable, R. M.. 1954 Lajoea Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Lafoea calcarata Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Leptosynapta giradii 117 Lepcophtheirus nordmannii Lagenorhynchus acutus Schevill, W. E., 1956 host for Taenia chamissonii Linton, E., 1905 Lagocephalus laevigarus Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Laminaria Collins, F. S., 1906 Laminaria agardhii M. D. Rogick & H. Croasdale, 1949 Laminaria longi cruris Collins, F. S., 1914 Laminaria platymeris Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Lamna comubica physiology digestive tract Sullivan, M. X., 1908 host for Echthrogaleus coleoptratus Rathbun, R., 1885 Lampris luna Gudger, E. W., 1930 Harper, F., 1928 Laomedea dichotoma Desor, E., 1851a Laonice viridis Smith, S. I., 1877, 1882c Lepidapedon clavatum parasite of Ceratacanthus schoepfi Linton, E., 1942 Lepidonotus development Mead. A. D.. 1897 Lepidonotus angustus Verrill, A. E.. S. I. Smith & O. Harger, Smith & 0. Harger. 1873 Lepidonotus squamatus tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S.. 1928 Lepidonotus sublevis Verrill. A. E.. S. I. 1873 Lepocreadium pyriforme Linton. E., 1934c Lepocreadium retrusum parasite of Pneumatophorus grex Linton. E.. 1942 Martin, W. E., 1938 Lepocreadium trullaforme Laophonte capillata parasite of Achirus fasciatus Linton, E., 1942 Wilson, C. B., 1932 Laophonte longicaudata Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Laophonte manifera Wilson. C. B., 1932 Lepraea abyssicola Verrill. A. E., 1880-1886 Lepraea rubra L Smith & 0. Harger. 1873 Lepralia serrata Osburn. R. C. 1912 Lepralia variolosa Desor. E., 1851a Leptocephalus conger Smith. H. M.. 1898a U. S. Fish Commission. 1901 Verrill. A. E., S. Laophonte talipes Wilson, C. B., 1932 Larimus fasciatus Smith, H. M., 1898a Latreutes ensiterus Smith, S. I,, 1877-1882b Lauderia Peck, J. I., 1896 Leanira robusta Hartman, 0., 1942b Leathery tunicates see Styela Leathesia difformis polysaccharides of Lewin, R. A., 1955 Lebouria truncat a parasite of Cynoscion regalis Linton, E., 1942 Lecanicephalumpeltalum parasite of Trygon centrura Linton. E., 1889-18 91 Lecithaster confusus Linton, E., 1934c history development Eigenman. C. H.. 1902a Leptocephalus larvae Costello. D. P., 1946a Leptochelia algicola Harger. 0.. 1880a Leptochelia rapax Harger. 0.. 1880a Leptocylindrus minimus seasonal distribution Hulburt. E. M.. 1956b Leptoplan a angusta Pearse. A. S. Verrill. A. E.. & A. M. Walker, 1939 1888-1892c Leptoplana folium Verrill. A. E., S. Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable. 1943a Ledges development of Wast. V. C. Rathbun, R., 1885 Lepidactylis arenarius Lepocreadium setiferoides tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 life parasite of Mo'la rotunda Leptoplana & Geodetic Survey, 1884a Leeches see Hirudinea Lembus infusionum Calkins. G. N.. 1902 1. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 virilis Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Verrill. A. E.. 1888-1892c . Leptosynapta giradii breeding Mead, A. D., 18^8 Leptosynapta inhaerens 118 Leptosynapta inhaerens autotomy Life history Pearse, A. S., 1909 behavior, swimming Costello, D. P., 1946b Leptosynapta roseola breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Lernaeolophus sultanus parasite of Alutera schoepffi Rathbun, R., 1885 Lemaeonema radiata parasite of Brevoortia tyrannus parasite of Brevoortia tyrannus Rathbun. R., 1888 Lemanthropus pomatomi parasite of Pomatomus saltator Rathbun. R., 1888 Libinia canaliculata Lyman, T.. 1861 Lichenopora hispida Rogicic, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Lichomolgus fuciolus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Licnophora lyngbycola Faure-Fremiet. E., 1937 Lictorella crassithera Fraser, C. M., 1943 Life history Anisoporus manteri Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940 Asterias Galtsoff, P. S. & V. L. Loosanoff, 1939 Balanoglossus Agassiz, A., 1873 Copepoda, parasitic Wilson, C. B., 1905b & Bigelow, H. B. Bigelow, H. B. Gadidae Schroeder, W. A. V. Hunninen. 1942 & & C, W. C. Schroeder, 1953 W. W. Welsh, 1925 1928 Gonionemus Murbach, I., 1895 Griffithsia bornetiana Lewis. I. F.. 1909 Lecithaster confusus Hunninen. A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943a Mactra solidissima Belding, D. L., 1910a Mya arenaria Belding, D. L., 1930 Kellogg, J. L., 1905 Podocotyle atomon Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943b Polinices Hanks, J. E., 1957 Polysiphonia Yamanouchi, S., 1906-1907 Rhodophyta Lewis, & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Tomaria Agassiz, A., 1873 Tortanus discaudatus Johnson, M. W., 1934 Trematoda Martin, W. E., 1938, 1939, 1940 Stunkard, H. W., 1936, 1943 Ilea pugilator Hyman. 0. W., 1922 Ligament, mechanics Spisula solidissima Rathbun, R., 1885 Lemanthropus brevoortiae Deropristis inflata Cable. R. M. fish. Gulf of Maine Spelotrema nicolli Cable, R. M. 1940 I. F., 1914 Siphodera vinaledwardsii Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941 Hunter, W. R. & D. C. Grant, 1962 Light Bugula larvae Lynch. W. Copepoda F., 1949 Schallek, W., 1942 Gonionemus reactions Murbach, L., 1909 spawning behavior Rugh, R.. 1929 & locomotor activity Welsh, J. H., 1933 larval reactions to White. G. M., 1924 penetration in sea water Clarke, G. L., 1933, 1938 Clarke, G. L. & R. H. Oster, 1934 photosynthesis relationship Taylor, W. R. & J. D. Palmer, 1963 theredid spider, behavior Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1911 intensity Uca Brown, F. A., Jr. &M. N. Hines, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr. &M. I. Sandeen & N. Fingerman, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr.& G. C. Stephens, 1951 Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1949 Venus mercenaria Bennett, M. F., 1954 Ligula parasite of Palinurichthys perciformis Linton, E., 1941 Ligula chilomycteri parasite of Chilomycterus geometncus Linton, E., 1897 parasite of Chilomycterus schoepfi Linton, E., 1941 Liljeborgiid amphipod Mills, E. L., 1962 Lima nest building Merrill, A. S. & R. D. Turner, 1963 Limacina retroversa reproduction Hsiao. S. C, 1939 Limanda ferruginea host for Dibothrium punctatum Linton, E., 1889-1891 morphology, optic Parker, G. H., 1903 parasites of Linton. E.. 1901a, Loligo 119 Limnodrilus subsalus Moore. J. P., 1905b Limnona lignorum Harger, 0., 1880a Smith, S. I., 1880 Limnona copepods Yeatman, H. Acmaea & J. C. Beckman, 1958 Rathbun, R., 1881 polyclads Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 behavior Alexander, breeding Limulus behavior geotropism Kanda, J., Jr., 1951 Limulus polyphemus nervous system J., Jr., et al, 1948 movements Hyde, H. !.. 1894 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Linius bicolor Verrill. A. E .. 1888-1892 b Linius gesserensis anatomy Montgomery, Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 lethal temperatures Fraenkel, G., 1960 metabolism Zieg, R. G.. 1960 metabolism of freezing Kanwisher, J., 1959 penis, resorption Jenner, C. W., 1956a periodicity, movements & tides Haseman. J. D.. 1911 shell host Hydractmia echinata for Crowell. 1945 S., Zieg, R. G., I960 Littorina rudis host for cerceria of Podocotyle atomos Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943b intertidal freezing Kanwisher, metabolism J. W., 1955 Zieg, R. G., 1960 Livoneca ovalis Harger, 0., 1880a Lobotes surinamensis T. H., Jr., 1898 classification Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Lintonta vibex parasite of Spheroides maculatus Linton, E., 1934c Lion's name (jellyfish) see Cyanea Liparis liparis Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Spathebothnum simplex Linton, E., 1922c, 1941 Lissoclinum aureum Van Name, W. Harper, F., 1928 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Smith. H. M., 1898a host for Echinorhynchus pristis var. tenuicornis Linton. E.. 1891. 1892a host for Gasterostomum ovatum Linton. E.. 1901a host for Monostomum orbiculare Linton. E., 1898c Lobster see Homarus Locomotion Alectrion G., 1907-1912a Listriella clymenellae Mills, E. L., 1964b Lithology facetted pebbles Davis, W. M., 1895 Litorinella minuta Winkley, H. W., 1907 neck clams 1916 S., metabolism Patten, W. & W. A. Redenbaugh, 1899 predator of Mya arenaria see Mercenaria T., 1899 Littorina palliata Wilson, J. H., 1905 natural history Shuster, C. N., 1950 Little 1960 intertidal freezing behavior Welsh, J. H., 1933 mating Pomerat, C. M., 1933 embryology Kingsley, .1. S., 1892 host for Microphallus limuli Stunkard, H. W., 1953 host for Microphallid metacercariae Stunkard, H. W., 1950b infected by bacteria Smith, W. R., 1964 lethal temperatures Fraenkel. G., 1960 Turner, H. D. G., Thompson, M. Pearl, R., 1904 respiratory 1963 Littorina littorea testudinalis migrations Turner, H. C, fauna tripuncatata Menzies, R. Limpets see Littoral Copeland. M. A., 1919 Polinices Copeland, M. A., 1922 Loimia viridis Moore, Loligo behavior & J. P., 1903a color changes Verrill, A. E., 1897 food for Cynoscion regale Peck, J. I., 1896 Loligo pallida 120 Loligo pallida Loxosoma minuta Verrill, A. E., 1874 Loligo pealii Verrill, A. E., 1874, 1880, 1897 behavior, larval White, G. M., 1924 on Phascolosoma Osburn, R. Lucania parve Smith, H. 1912 1898a VI., Lucinidae mating Verrill, A. E., 1872 Arnold, J. M., 1962 sexual Drew, G. A., 1911 ecology, populational Arnold, J. M., 1962 embryonic stages Arnold, J. M., 1965 hatching Hibbard, H., 1937 reproduction Drew, G. A., 1911 Lomentaria uncinata development of hold fasts Derick, C. M., 1899 Long finned squid see Loligo pealei Long necked clams see Mya arenana Long point lighthouse fossil Raup, D. M. Lophius americanus C, host for Bomolochus albidus Wilson, C. B., 1932 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a physiology Kidder, J. H., 1879 Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps blood vascular system Lovenella gran'dis Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Loxosoma davenportii Nickerson. W. & 0. Harger, & 0. Harger ~ , D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Bennett, M. F. 1959a, 1959b & Brown, P. A., Jr., P. A. Brown, Jr., M. I. Sandeen & C. L. Ralph, 1954 Lutianidae Smith, H. M., 1898a Lutianus analis Smith, H. M., 1899a Lycidice americana Verrill, A. E., S. Smith \. & 0. Harger 1873 Lyodon echinata distribution C, 1905 host for Acanthochondria exilipes Wilson, C. B., 1932 host for Distomum foocundum Linton, E., 1901a parasites of Linton, E., 1901a, reappearance Bumpus, H. C, 1899 Lophopsetta maculata host for Dibothrium punctatum Linton, E., 1889-1891 morphology, optic Parker, G. H., 1903 Lotella maxillaris Bean, T. H., 1885 Lovenella clausa Eraser, C. M., 1912 & Raup, D. M. Lunar periodicity Uca pugnax 1947 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Smith, H. M., 1898a p. D. R. Lawrence, 1963 see Arenicola ( 3 species) Lumbricillus agilis Moore, J. P., 1905b tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Lumbriconereis opalina Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith 1873 Lumbriconereis tenuis Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith 1873 Lumbrineris tenuis Hartman, 0., 1944 Lunatia heros Winkley, H. W., 1907 diet Schroeder, W. Lophius piscatorius & Lug worms fossil shore line Marindin, H. L., 1892a Silvester, C, 1848b Storer, D. H., Lysianopsis alba Holmes, S. 1905 J., Lysiosquilla grayi Chace. p. A.. Macoma fusca Jr. , 1958 var. fragilis Wilson, J. H., 1905 Macoma incongrua Wilson, Macoma J. H., 1905 lyelii fossil Sanford, S. N. P., 1934 Miocene Dall, W. H., 1894 Macraspis Taeniocotyle nom. nov. Stunkard, H. W., 1962b MacrouTus bairdii Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Chondracanthodes deflexus Wilson, C. B., 1932 S.. 1898. 1899, 1901 Macrozoarces americanus biology, economic importance Olsen, Y. H. & D. Merriman, 1946 , Malacostraca 121 Macrura new species Kingsley, J. Mactra solidissima behavior Malacostraca S., 1895 Belding, D. L., 1910a growth Belding, D. L., 1910a life history Belding, D. L., 1910a morphology Belding, D. L., 1910a Magelona rosea Moore. J. P., 1907b Magnetic compass, response Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr.. W. J. Brett, M. F. Bennett, F. H. Barnwell, I960 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M Webb & W. J. Brett, 1960 Magnetic fields llyanassa obsoleta Nassarius obsoletus Brown, F. A., Jr.. M. F. Bennett & W. J. Brett, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett ^ H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett & H. M. Webb, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett & L. H. Barnwell, 1959 Magnetoreceptive mechanism Nassarius Brown, F. A., Jr., F. H. Barnwell ^ H. M. Webb, 1964 Malaclemys terrapin Bangs, 0., 1897 Malacobdella grossa in Venus mercenaria Ropes, J. W., 1963 Malacostraca Burbanck, W. D., 1959, 1961, 1962 Cushman, J. A., 1906a Fingerman, M., 1955 Hansen, H. J., 1915 Harger, 0., 1880a, 1880b Herrick, F. H., 1911 Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Lyman, T., 1861 Menzies, R. J. & C. Beckman, 1958 Mills, L., 1964b Pearse, A. S., 1914a, 1914b Rabin, H. ^ F. B. Bang, 1964 Rathbun, R., 1887b Richardson, H.. 1909 Smith, S. I., 1877-1882b, 1877-1882c, 187J 1882, 1880 Stunkard, H. W., 1956 Thompson, M. T., 1904b U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Wigley, R. L., 1961b, 1963a Wilson, C. B., 1903a, 1903b, 1905a, 1932 anaerobceiosis Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 behavior Barnwell, F. H. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1963 Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1959a, 1959b Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett &M. I. Sandeen, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. N. Hines, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & N. Fingerman, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & C. L. Ralph, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr. * G. C. Stephens, 1951 Brown, F. A., Jr. & H. M. Webb, 1949 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb ^ M. F. Bennett, 1955a Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & R. C. Graves, 1952 Bumpus, H. C, 1901 Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & J. R. Comer, 1964 Dembowski, J. R., 1926 Holmes, S. J., 1901, 1903a Nye, W., Jr.,. 1887c Spaulding, E. G., 1904a Webb, H. M & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1958 Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, Jr. &R. C. Graves, 1952 Welsh, J. H., 1932, 1933 Yerkes, R., 1902a feeding De la Cruz, A. H., 1960 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 commensualism Pearse, A. S., 1913 development Faxon, W., 1879a, 1879b Ryder, J. A., 1886a, 1886b Smith, S. I., 1872, 1873, 1874-1877, 1878-1882a larval Chamberlain, N. A., 1957 durinal rhythm Stephens, G. C, 1955 Stephens, G. C, J. P. Green, B. Guttman & R. A. Schinske, 1958 ecology Platzman, S. J., 1960 embryology Bumpus, H. C, 1891 McMurrich, J. P., 1895 excystation Trager, W., 1957 fossil Cushman, Lyell, C, J. A., 1905 1844 Packard, A. S., 1900 Stimpson, W., 1863 Malacostraca 122 Malacostraca Mammalia heliotropism fossil walrus skull Lyon, E. P., 1906b Homarus americanus Mesoplodon fishery Commissioners on Inland Fisheries, 1893-1899 key Hohres, life 1903b S. J., history Hyman, 0. W., 1922 mating behavior Chidester, F. E., 1911 metamorphosis Thompson, M. T., 1904a Miocene Cushman, morphology J. A., 1905b Green, J. P., 1964 Jenner, C. E., 1955 Willey, C. H., 1958 Lyell, parasites of Linton, E., 1905, 1924 stomach contents Griffin, D. R., 1936 Manganese markings on Venus Teschemacher, J. E., 1851 Mantis shrimp see Hoplocarida see Stomatopoda Margarita undulata Wilson, J. H., 1905 Margelis morphological variation Hargitt, C. W., IQOl Fraenkel, G., 1960 natural history Hughes, Marginella camea Verrill, A. E., T. J. & G. C. Matthiessen, 1962 new species 1880-1886 (1883) Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole history Benedict, E., 1901 F. A., Jr., 1958 Chace, J. Harger, 0., 1878 S. J., 1905 Jones, N. S. & W. D. Burbanck, 1959 Kingsley, J. S., 1895 Mills, E. L., 1962, 1963, 1964a Holmes, Richardson, H., 1908 parasites of Cable, R. M. •1940 & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Coe, W. R., 1902b Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 parasitic Thompson, M. T., 1902 Wilson, C. B., 1905b, 1906, 1921, 1925 physiology Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Werntz, H. 0., 1963 reproduction Pearce, J. B., 1964 winter distribution Irving, L., 1942 filifera VerriU. A. E,. 1880-1886 Maldane urceolata Lillie, F. R., 1944 Systematics Ecology Program Carriker, M. R.. 1964, 1965 marine Upper Cretaceous Woodworth, J. B., 1897 Marinogammarus finmarchicus osmotic regulations Werntz, H. 0., 1963 Marsh Barnstable Shaler,N. S., 1895 Redfield, A. C, 1959, 1965 Martha's Vineyard Hollick, A., 1896b Uhler, P., 1892 Woodworth, J. B., 1892, 1894 beach & shore line changes Whiting, H. L., 1886 Cretaceous flora Berry, E. W., 1915 White, D., 1890 currents Schott, C. A., 1854a ecology of Mya arenaria Matthiessen, G. C, 1960 flora tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Mallotus villosus Fowler, H. W., 1917 Mammalia Hollick, A., 1893 fossils Hollick, A., 1893 Shaler, N. S., 1889b fossil pollen Allen, G. M., 1916 Brown, J. T., 1883 Miller, G. S., Jr., 1897 Schevill, W. E., 1956 Schuck, H. A., 1951a Starrett, A. U. fisheries 1844 Agassiz, L., 1868 morphology Jackson, J. B. S., 1845 mortality Maldane C, S. & P. Starrett, 1955 Fish Commission, 1901 Hollick, A., 1893 Shaler', N. S., Whiting, H. L. Woodworth, Anonymous, 1665-1666 fossil seal tooth Lyell, Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1959 geology Chamberlain, B. B., 1964 Hitchcock, E., 1824 C, 1844 J. 1888 & B. H. Mitchell, 1869 & E. Wigglesworth, 1934 Menidia gracilis 123 Mecynocera clausii Martha's Vineyard geological structure Hall, J., 1878 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 geomorphology Medusae Marindin, H. L., 1897 glacial brick clays Hargitt, C. W., 1905a Meganyctiphanes norvegica Hansen, H. J., 1915 Shaler, N. S.,J. B. Woodworth Marbutt, 18% &C. F. physiology Raymont, J. E. G. Megaptera nodosa glaciation Bryson, J., 1893 Upham, W., 1899 changes, Edgartown Whiting, H. L., 1890 paleobotony Jeffrey, E. C, 1910 palynology Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 Pleistocene mollusks McAlester, A. L., I. G. Speden & M. A. Buzas, 1964 Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963, 1964 salinity, temperature Deevy, G. B., 1948 sediments Hitchcock, E., 1824 inlet shore-line Mitchell, H., 1872 stratigraphy Kaye, C. A., 1963 Shaler, N. S., 1889b tertiary Lyell, C. 1844 Tertiary Eocene Brown, T. C, 1^05 zooplankton Deevy, G. B., 1948 Massachusetts Allen, G. M., 1916 Wieser, W., I960 Meiofauna Driscoll, A. L., 1964 Melampus bidentatus Lyman, T., 1861 Melanogrammus aeglefinus temperature Kidder, H., 1879 Gadus Hsiao, S. C, Jordan, D. S., 1874 Melita nitida VerriU, A. E., S. 1. Smith 1873 Mellita testudinata larvae Grave, C, 1903 Melosira costata Peck, J. I., 1896 Melosira sulcata size Margalef, R., 1960b Rogick, M. D. H. Croasdale, 1949 algae Davis, B. M., 1913b P. Shepard, 1932 Lee, P. E., 1944 as food for Cynoscion regale Peck, J. I., 1896 Menidia morphology, nervous system Herrick, C. J., 1898 Menidia beryllina Kendall, W. C & H. M. Smith, 1894 behavior schooling Shaw, E., 1960, 1961 exchange by tidal currents Williams, G. C, 1960 Menidia gracilis Smith, H. M., 1898a . 1941 Mating see behavior Maurolicus pennanti Smith, H. M., 1898a Meckelia lurida Smith fauna Menhaden Calkins. G. N.. 1902 Material, fine-textured 1. & Menemsha Right Mastigamoeba simplex S. 0. Harger , bryozoa Desor, E., 1851a Membranipora tuberculata Rogick, ^1. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b VerriU, A. E., & fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 Membranipora tenuis & Mollusca, new species Couthouy, J. P., 1838 sedimentation Trowbridge, A. C. & F Massartia asymmetrica Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Massartia rotundata Hulburt, E. M., 1957 seasonal distribution J., 1941 Melanospermeae Membranipora pilosa A. Agassiz, 1865 Echinus granulans distribution Agassiz, A., 1865 1873 J. Melanosis Membranipora lacrioxii Emerson, B. K., 1917 marine fishes of Blake, J. H., 1871 Massachusetts Bay Lutz, H. Conover, 1961 J. Meiobenthos geology Cnidaria Agassiz, E. C. & R. & O. Harger , Menidia menidia 124 Menidia menidia behavior Merostomata schooling Shaw, E., 1957, 1958a, 1958b, 1958c, 1960, 1961 exchange by tidal currents Williams, G. C, 1960 Menidia menidia notata Fowler, H. W., 1917 Fraenkel, G., 1960 physiology Hyde, \. H., 1894 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Mesh opening, screens for benthic studies Driscoll, A. L., 1964 mortality development Mesodinium larval Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 embryology Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 host for Stephanostomum tenue Martin, W. E., 1939 Menidia notata Smith, H. M., 1898a morphology, optic Parker, G. H., 1903 Menticirrus nebulosus VerriU, A E., 1897 Menticirrus saxatilis behavior ftrker, G. H., 1912 feeding Herrick, C. J., 1903 Mercenaria mercenaria see Venus mercenaria Merismopedia elegans Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Merismopedia tenuissima Lewis, I. p. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Merlangus carbonarius Atwood, N. E., 1868 Merluccius bilinearis Smith, H. VI., 1898a behavior Nye, W., Jr., 1887a development larval Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 embryology Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 food of Nyaticorax nycticorax naevius Gross, A. 0., 1923 host for Distomum ocreatum molin Linton, E., 1901a host for Distomum vitellosum Linton, E., 1901a parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Mermaid's toenail see Anomia Merostomata Shuster, C. N., 1950 Smith, W. R., 1964 Stunkard, H. W., 1950b anatomy Patten, W. behavior & W. A. Redenbaugh, 1899 Pearl, R., 1904 mating Pomerat, C. M., 1933 embryology Kingsley, J. S., 1892 feeding Peck, J. I., 1896 Mesodinium cinctum Calkins. G . N.. 1902 Mesogloia divaricata polysaccharides of Lewin, R. A., 1955 Mesonemertea Thompson, C. B., 1900a Mesoplodon Agassiz, L., 1868 Mesostigmata Hag, J., 1965 Mesozoa Meinkoth, M. A., 1956 Metabolic rhythms Uca Barnwell, F. H. & F. A. Brown, Jr. ,1963 Metabolism Littorina Zieg, R. G., 1960 Metals submerged, animal growth on Parker, G. H., 1924 Metamorphosis Arbacia punctulata Harvey, F. B., 1949a, 1949b Bugula Lynch, W. F., 1952 hermit crab Thompson, M. Homarus americanus Ryder, Malacostraca Smith, J. T., 1904a A., 1886a, 1886b S. I., 1873 Tomaria Morgan, T. H., 1891 Tunicata larvae Grave, C, 1941b veliger larvae Nassarius obsoletus Scheltema, R. S., 1961 Metanemerteans anatomy Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Meteorological observations Fish, C. J., 1925 Meteorology DuBois, E., 1935 Perley, S., 1891 U. S. Army Corp. of Engineers, 1939,1954 Weather Bureau, 1961 Falmouth shoreline Kemp, J. M. & W. S. Butcher, 1952 Metoncholaimus pnsliurus physiology Cobb, N. A., 1932 Modiola vineyardensis 125 Migration Metridia hibernica Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Metridia lucens Sharpe, R. W., 1911 fish Blake, J. H., 1871 Sherwood, S. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Gadidae bioluminescence David, C. N. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Metridium metabolism and feeding movements AUabach, L. F., 1905 Metridium dianthus Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Metridium marginatum behavior Hargitt, C. W., 1907 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 respiration & Turner, H. Collins, G. B., 1952 Mikrosyphar porphyrae epiphytic on Porphyra umbilicalis Collins, F. S., 1918 Miliammina fusca Parker, F. L., 1952 Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn. 1959 Phleger, F B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Miliolinella Parker, F L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 & Mineralogy Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 Hitchcock, E., 1833 Moore, J. R.. 1963 Microdeutopus minax . E., S. Smith I. & 0. Harger Gay Head &. V. N. Edwards, 1901 feeding Herrick, C. .1., 1903 host for Contracaecum clavatum Linton, E., 1934c host for Distomum simplex Linton, E., 1898c host for Podocotyle olssoni Manter, H. W., 1926 Micropaleontology Knox, A., 1952 Microphallus limuli history , Teschemacher, J. E., 1851 Minot's Ledge submarine topography U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1884a Miocene Microgadus tomcod Sherwood, G. H. life 1951 orientation salinity A J., Jr., Pomolobus pseudoharengus parasite of Tautoga onitis Linton, E., 1942 Verri li, 1873" 1928 Limulus Shoup, C. S., 1932 Microbiology Hock, C. W., 1940 Rabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 Saz, A. K., S. Watson, S. R. Brown D. L. Lowery, 1963 Microciona prolifera de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Microcotyle furcata ' C, Schroeder, W. Homarus americanus Bumpus, H. C, 1901 , 1 J. B., 1897 Dall, W. H., 1894 fossils Packard, A. S., 1900 MoUusca Dall, W. H., 1894 vertebrates Dall, W. H., 1894 Miracia efferata Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 & morphology Stunkard,H. W. Wadworth, Crustacea Mites (marine) see Halacandae Mitrella lunata host for cerceria of Anisoporus manteri Hunninen, A. & R. M. Cable, 1940, 1941 951. 1957 Microphallus similis Stunkard, H. W., 1957 parasitic hosts Stunkard, H. W., 1953 Mnemiopsis Microstomum lineare breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 Mnemiopsis leidyi Graff. L. v. 1911 Microtaeniell a clymenella e . parasite of Clymenella torquata Calkins. G. N-. 1915 Microtus breweri Miller, G. S., 1897 Migration behavior Hunter, G. W., 1904 bioluminescence Chase, A. ^1., 1941 Chang, J. J., 1954 Harvey, E. M. & S. P. Marfey. 1958 Copepoda Anraku, M., 1964 Parker, G. H., 1902 swimming plates Coonfield, B. R., 1934, 1937 vertical i Schallek, W., 1942 Cyathura polita Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske Comer, 1964 Modiola hollick Miocene Brown, T. Modiola plicatula & J. R. Wilson, C, 1905 J. H., 1905 Modiola vineyardensis Eocene Modiolus demissus Modiolus demissus hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. Modiolus modiolus 126 Mollusca & J. Smith, 1936a intertidal freezing Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 Modiolus plicatulus commensalism Linton, E., 1910c Graffila gemellipara Patterson, J. I., 1912 Moera levis Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger. 1873" Mola mola Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 Putnam, F. W., 1871 Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Ancistrocephalus microcephalus Linton, E., 1941 host for Distomum foliatum Linton, E., 1898c host for Distomum fragile Linton, E., 1901a host for Distomum macrocotyle Linton, E., 1898c host for Distomum nigroflavum Linton, E., 1898c host for Tetrarhynchus elongatus larvae Linton, E., 1928 host for Tristomum rudolphianum Linton, E., 1898c parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Wo /a rotunda host for Cecrops latreillii Rathbun, R., 1885 host for Dibothrium microcephalum Linton, E., 1889, 1891 host for Lepeophtheirus nordmannii Rathbun, R., 1885 host for Tetrarhynchus elongatus Linton, E., 1897 host for Tetrarhynchus repens Linton, E., 1894 Molgula manhattensis development Grave, B. H., 1933 feeding Jorgensen, C. B., 1952 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 host for Doropygus laticornis Wilson, C. B., 1932 morphology Hunter, G. W., 1898, 1902 Metcalf, M. M., 1895 physiology, x-rays Grosch, D. S. & Z. H. Smith, 1957 protostigmata Willey, A., 1901 MoUusca Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1839b Arnold, J. M., 1965 Bartsch, P., 1907-1912 " Belding, D. L., 1909, 1910a, 1910b, 1914, 1916, 1930 Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 Brown, T. C, 1905 Bulfinch, T., 1844 Carriker, M. R. & D. Van Zandt, 1964 Clench, W. J. & C. G. Aquayo, 1931 Conklin, E. G., 1897 Couthouy, J. P., 1839 Crowell, S., 1945 Drew, G. A., 1899 Field, L A., 1922 Gould, A. A., 1841 Grave, B. H., 1928a Gray, G. M., 1932 Greene, T. A., 1833 Hunter, W. R. & S. C. Brown, 1965 Jackson, R. T., 1888a Jenner, C. E. & N. A. Chamberlain, 1955 Johnson, C. W., 1915, 1932 Lyman, T., 1861 Mattiessen, G. C, 1960 Merriman, D., 1937 Moore, G. M., 1950 Nagle, J. S., 1964, 1964b Orr, P. R., 1946 Plaine, H. L., 1952 Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963, 1964 Ropes, J. W., 1963 Ropes, J. W. & C. E. Martin, 1960 Russell, H. D., 1946, 1964 Scheltema, R. S., 1956, 1961, 1962, 1965 Scheltema, R. S. & A. H. Scheltema, 1963 1965 Smallwood, W. M., 1904 Stimpson, W., 1854a, 1854b Storer, D. H., 1839 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1951, 1957, 1958 Turner, H. J., Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1959 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Verrill, A. E., 1872, 1873, 1874, 1880, 1880-1886 (1883) Winkley, H. W., 1907, 1909, 1912 Winslow, F., 1883 behavior Alexander, D. G., 1960 Arnold, J. M., 1962 Bennett, M. F., 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & W. J. Brett, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett& H. M. Webb, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett & L. H. Barnwell, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. Bennett, 1955b Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Brett, 1960 127 Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca fo s s behavior Bumpus, H. C, 1898a Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 Coe, W. R., 1934, 1936a, 1936b Copeland, M. A., 1919, 1922 Drew, G. A., 1907b, 1911 Grave, B. H., 1922, 1927a, 1927b, 1928b Hsiao, S. C, 1939 Jenner, C. E.. 1956b, 1956c, 1957, 1958, 1959 Mead, A. C, Merrill, A. S. Thompson, M. i 1 1898 & R. D. Turner, 1963 T., 1899 Turner, H. J. & C. J. George, 1955 Verrill, A. E., 1897 Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, Jr., & W. Scudder, S. H., 1877 gametogenesis Turner, H. J., Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1960 geotropism Kanda, S., 1916 growth Pierce, M. E. & J. E. Currier, 195), 1952 hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a intertidal freezing Kanwisher, metabolism J. W., 1955 Zieg, R. G., 1960 J. morphology Brett, 1959b White, G. M., 1924 Wilcznski, J. Z., 1955 feeding Blake, J. W., 1961 Copeland, M., 1918 Hanks, J. E., 1952 Jorgensen, C. B., 1952 Patterson, J. I., 1912 community ecology Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce Whiteley, Jr.. 1956 & G. C. development Casteel, D. B., 1904 Galtsoff, P. S., 1954 Gould, H. N., 1949 Grave, B. H., 1926 Hanks, J. E., 1963 Hibbard, H., 1937 Jackson, R. T., 1888b Kellogg, J. L., 1901, 1905 Richards, 0. W., 1935, 1946 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1950 Hunter, W. R. & D. C. Grant, 1962 Ryder, J. A., 1889 mortality Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 parasites of Cable, R. M., 1954 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942 Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 Linton, E., 1915c Martin, W. E., 1940 Miller, H. M., Jr. & F. E. Northup, 1926 Wheeler, W. M., 1894a penis, resorption Jenner, C. E., 1936a periodicity Haseman, J. D., 1911 physiology Brown, F. A., Jr., F. H. Barnwell & H. M. Webb, 1964 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb Barnwell, 1964 Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 Kepner, W. A., 1943 populational ecology distribution Carpenter, H. F., 1889 Connell, J. H., 1955 & F. H. Ayers, J. C, 1956 predators of Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, Jr., 1955 Turner, H. J., Jr., J. C. Ayers & C. L. Wheeler, 1948 embryology Gray, G. M., 1941 evolution Drew, G. A., 1907a fishery Galtsoff, P. S., H. p. Prytherch & H. C. McMillin, 1930 Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Posgay, J. A., 1950, 1953 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1949a, 1949b Wheeler, C. L., 1948 raft culture raft Shaw, W. N., 1962 grown Shaw, W. N., 1963 respiration Van Dam, L., 1954 reproduction fossil Dall, W. H., 1894 Lyell, C, 1844 McAlester, A. L., Buzas, 1964 Merrill, F. J. H.. I. G. Speden 1890 & M. A. Hanks, J. E., 1957 seasonal distribution Fish, C. J., 1925 seasonal growth Pierce, M. E. & J. T. Conover, 1954 sediment reworking Rhoads, D. C, 1963 MoUusca 128 ^^_^__^__ Mollusca sex changes Coe, W. R., 1938 sex inversions Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936b sexual cycle Grave, B. H., 1942 shell inclusions Merrill, A. S., 1960 movement shells, Nagle, J. S., 1964a symbiosis Gray, G. M., 1933 Woods Hole checklist Slater, E. M., 1960 Monacanthus Verrill, A. E., 1897 Monacanthus ciliatus Firth, F. E., 1931 Graff, L. v., 1911 \1onoculodes edwardsi S. J., breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 shells (snails) see Lunatia, natica, neverita, polinices Moon Morone americana host for Distomum areolatum Linton, E., 1901a host for Distomum tenue tenuissime Linton, E., 1898c host for Onchocotyle mavori Linton, E., 1942 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Morphology Aeverrilia setigera Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Alcippe Genthe, K. W., 1905 Ampelisca Monocelis wilhelmi Holmes, Montagua 1905 Monomoy Mills, E. L., 1964a Arbacia punctulata Tackson, R. T., 1927 Asterias forbesi functional geology Mitchell, H., 1871 Budington, R. A., 1942 shoals Balanus Mitchell, H., 1886 shore line changes Mitchell, H., 1873 Fales, D. E., 1928 Barentsia laxa Rogick, M. D., 1945, 1949 submarine topography U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1885 Cetacea Monomoy Point Chute, N. E., 1939 Monoophorum triste Graff, L. v., 1911 \lonops regalis Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Monopylephorus glaber Moore. J. P., 1905b Monopylephorus parvus Moore, J. P., 1905b Monorcagides cumingiae life cycle Martin, W. E., 1940 Monostroma Collins, F. S., 1901 Monostroma crepidimum Farlow. W. G.. 1881a \1onostroma fuscum epiphytic on Rhodvmenia palmata Collins, F. S., 1914 Monostomum orbiculare parasite of Lobotes sunnamensis Linton, E., 1898c Monostomum vinaledwardsii parasite of Opsanus tau Linton, E., 1901b Monstrosities in recently hatched lobsters Ryder, J. A., 1886b Montacuta percompressa symbiont of Synapta inhaerens Gray, G. M., 1933 Jackson, J. B. S., 1845 Congericola pallida WiUey, C. H., 1958 contact organs of fish Newman, H. H., 1909 Copepoda Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Crassostrea, shell Galtsoff, P. S., 1954 Dinoflagellates, thecal Nie, D., 1947 Endeis spinosus circulatory system of Cole, L. J., 1910 fin-rays Bigelow, R. P., 1926 functional Spisula solidissima Hunter, W. R. & D. C. Grant, 1962 Gadus morrhua nervous system Herrick, C. J. ,1,898 Gonionemus, otocysts Thomas, L. J., 1921 Hutchinsoniella Hessler, R. R. & H. L. Sanders, 1964 Mactra solidissima Belding, D. L., 1910a Menidia nervous system Herrick, C. J., 1898 U9 Mya Morphology Molgula manhattensis Hunter, G. W., 1898, 1902 Nemertinea connective tissues Montgomery,!. H., Jr., 1897 Nereis virens sense organs Langdon, F. E., 1900 Osteichthyes optic Parker, G. H., 1903 Pandoridae Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 Pecten irradians Drew, G. A., 1907a Pennaria tiarella Smallwood, M., 1899 planktonic diatoms Guillard, R. R. L. & J. H. Ryther, 1962 PleuTonectes americanus Bumpus, H. C, 1898d Raja Gudger, E. W., 1933 Spelotrema nicolli Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940 Squilla empusa Bigelow, R. Tunicata P., 1941 change Green, J. P., 1964 variation Gonionemus Hargitt, C. W., 1900b Hydrozoa Hargitt, C. W., 1901 Rhegmatodes tenuis Hargitt, C. W., 1905b Scyphozoa Hargitt, C. W. 1905c Morrhua americana migrations and behavior Blake, J. H., 1871 Morrhua aeglefinus migrations and behavior , Blake, J. H., 1871 Mortality C, 1919 Fraenkel, G., 1960 AUee, W. Mya arenana Ayers, J. C, flats physical factors & animal distribution Allee, W. C, 1922c, 1923b Mud shrimp see Callianassa, Upogebia Mud snails see Nassarius obsoletus Mugilidae Smith, H. M., 1898a Mullus auratus Smith, H. M., 1898a Muraena retifera Smith, H. ^., 1899a, 1901 Museum, George M. Gray Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Muskeget channel currents Schott, C. A., 1854a Muskegat Island flora & fauna Miller, G. S., 1897 Mussels see Modiolus, Mytilus Mustelus canis Atwood, N. E., 1866a behavior Parker, G. H., 1911, 1915 Sheldon, R. E., 1909 development Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Turbellaria Curtis, W. C, 1908 ilea color Mud 1956 Moss animals see Bryozoa (Entoprocta & Ectoprocta) Movement Ensis directus Drew, G. A., 1907b Movement coordination Mnemiopsis leidyi Coonfield, B. R., 1934 Mucronella nitida Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Mud crabs see Xanthidae larval Te Winkel, L. E., 1950 functional morphology Parker, G. H., 1911. 1914 host for Calliobothrium eschrichtii Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b host for Calliobothrium verticillatum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Rhynchobothrium bulbifer Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b host for Rhynchobothrium heterospine Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Rhynchobothrium lomentaceum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Rhynchobothrium tenuicolle Linton, E., 1889 host for Rhynchobothrium tumidulum Linton, E., 1889-1891 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a physiology, digestive tract Sullivan, M. X., 1908 sense of smell Parker, G. H. 8i. R. E. Sheldon, 1Q14 spawning Te Winkel, L. E., 1950 tooth succession Ifft, J. D. & D. J. Zinn, 1948 Musculus discors nest building behavior Merrill, A. S. & R. D. Turner, 1963 Mustelus mustelus Fowler, H. W., 1917 Mya fossil Lyell, C, 1844 Mya arenaria Mya arenaria Belding, D. L., 1914, 1916, 1930 Lyman, T., 1861 Winkley, H. W., 1907 130 Myrionema corunnae epiphytic on Laminaria Collins, F. anatomy Graff, L. v.. 1911 Wigley, R. L., 1963a breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Mysis breeding culture Mead, A. D., 1898 Mysis americana Belding, D. L., 1930 development Verrill, A. E., S. Mattiiiesen, G. C. distribution, spatial 1960 , Mystacocarida fishery Mytilidae Turner, H. J., Jr., 1949a Wheeler, C. L., 1948 Smith 1. Smith & 0. Harger, Verrill, A. E., S. &0. Harger ' 1873 new order Pennak, R. W. & D. J. Zinn, 1943 fossil Raup, D. M. growth Belding, D. L., 1914 Kellogg, J. I., 1905 & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Mytilus edulis anti-fouling Clarke, G. L., 1947 biology habitat Belding, D. L., 1930 hermaphroditism Grave. B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a history Belding, D. L., 1930 Kellogg, J. L., 1901, 1905 morphology of byssus Ryder, J. A., 1889 populational ecology Ayers, J. C, 1956 Jr., et al, I. 1873 Mysis stenolepis Connell, J. H., 1955 ecology Matthiessen, G. C, 1960b enemies of Belding, D. L., 1930 predators of Turner, H. J., propogation Turner, H. J., Mya truncata 1906 Mysidacea Belding, D. L., 1930 behavior feeding Matthiessen, G. C, 1960 filter feeding Blake, J. W., 1961 life S., Myrmeciplana elegans 1948 Field, I. A., 1922 economic value Field, I. A., 1922 food for Asterias forbesi Lavoie, M. E., 1956 Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, Jr., 1955 growth Richards, 0. W., 1935, 1946 hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a host for trematode cysts Linton, E., 1915c intertidal freezing Jr., 1949a fossil Verrill, A. E., 1878 Mycetozoa parasitic Renn, C. E., 1935 Mycteroperca bonaci Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b Mycteroperca interstitialis Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901 Mycteroperca venenosa Smith, H. M., 1902b Myliobatis bispinosos Storer. D. H.. 1844a Kanwisher, J. W., 1955 Mytilus exustus Wilson, J. H., 1905 Myxobolus lintoni parasite of Cyprinodon variegatus Linton, E., 1901b Myxobolus musculi parasite of Fundulus Hahn, C. W., 1917a, 1917b Myxobolus pleuronectidae parasite of Pseudopleuronectes americanus Hahn, C. W., 1917b Nassarius trivittatus fossil Raup, D. M. & Myliobatis freminvillei Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Rhinebothrium longicoUe Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 parasites of Linton, E., 19nia Nannoenterum baculum Myoxocephalus aeneus exchange by tidal currents Nantucket Williams, G. C, 1960 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Linton, E., 1934c Nannoplankton Yentsch, C. S. seasonal production & J. H. Clarke, G. L. and D. Gulliver, F. P., 1904 Macy, Z., 1810 Shaler,N. S., 1889a age Scudder, S. H., 1881 J. Ryther, 1959 Zinn, 1937 , 131 Nantucket Bay Nantucket Nantucket Bay bottom topography Lidz, L., 1965 algae Collins, F. S., 1888 deposits Desor, E. & E. C. Cabot, 1849 fisheries Edwards, V. N., 1873 flora organic carbon Lidz, L., 1965 Harshberger, J. W., 1914 flora & fauna of Muskegat Island Miller, G. S., 1897 sediments Lidz, L., 1965 fossils Nantucket Shoals Desor, E. &E. C. Cabot, 1849 Wilson, J. H., 1905 geology Chamberlain, B. B., 1964 Curtis, G. D. & J. B. Woodworth, 1899 HoUick, C. A., 1896, 1896a Shaler, N. S., 1889 Whiting, H. L. Woodworth, geomorphology Gulliver. J. & B. F. P.. H. Mitchell, 1869 E. Wigglesworth, 1934 & 1904 Marindin, H. L., 1896, 1897 glacial brick clays Shaler, N. S., Marbutt, 1896 J. B. Woodworth * C. F. glacial history Wilson, J. H., 1906 Upham, W., 1899 meteorology Weather Bureau, 1961 Pleistocene Desor, E., 1851c formations Wilson, J. H., 1905 Desor, E., 1851a, 1851b palynology Groot, C. R. & J. J. Groot, 1964 Livingstone, D. A., 1964 sediments quaternary Groot, C. R. & J. J. Groot, 1964 submarine Livingston, D. A., 1964 temperature of fishes Edwards, R. L., R. Livingstone & P. E. Hamer, 1962 Nantucket Sound dredging effects on Mercenaria Turner, H. J., Jr., 1957 hydrography Thomas, Lt., C. M., 1938 interference tides Mitchell, H., 1856 fossils Cushman, currents Schott, C. A., 1854a invertebrate distribution currents Haight, F. J., 1938 Mitchell. H.. 1857 glaciation 1904b, 1905, 1906c Post Pleistocene deposits & fossils Merrill, currents Lidz, L., 1965 Foraminifera facies Lidz, L., 1965 J. A., Malacobdella grossa Ropes, J. W., 1963 tides R, 1896 Mitchell, H., 1854, 1855, 1857 Redfield, A. C, 1953 Sankoty Head fossils Venus mercenaria Verrill, A. E., 1875 distribution pleistocene Scudder, S. H., 1877 Pleistocene fauna Cushman, J. A., 1904b, 1905, 1906c sediments Scudder, S. H., 1877 shore erosion Gulliver, F. P., 1904 shore line Mitchell, H., 1872 shore line changes Gulliver, F. P., 1909 Marindin, H. L., 1894a shore line evolution Jones, W. & J. Lucke, 1951 stratigraphy Scudder, S. H., 1877 vertical distribution temperature Emmons, G., 1947 & humidity Ropes, J. W. & C. E. Martin, 1960 Narcacion nobiliar\a Atwood, N. E., 1866-1868 Narcotization, marine organisms Russell, H. D. & M. R. Carriker, 1963 Nashawena Island flora Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 Nassa see Sassarius, llyanassa, Alectrion Nassa obsoleta hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith. 1936a host for larval trematodes Miller, H. M., Jr. & F. E. Northup. 1926 host for Stephanostomum tenue Martin. W. E., 1939 penis, resorption & restoration Jenner. C. E. & N. A. Chamberlain. 1955 Nassarius Jenner. C. E.. 1956c 132 Nassarius obsoletus Natural history Nassarius obsoletus Agassiz, L., 1860-1862 Galtsoff, P. S., 1962 Hinckley, I., 1882 Hitchcock, E., 1833 Linton, E., 1915a, 1915b behavior schooling & aggregation Jenner, C. E., 1956b, 1957, 1958, 1959 compass direction & magnetism Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb Barnwell, 1964 development & F. H. Natural history Amphithoe longiniana Holmes, S. J., loni Asteroidea Mead, A. D., 1901 larval Scheltema, R. S., 1965 growth estimates Sutcliffe, W. H., Jr., 1965 Bugula larvae Scheltema, R. S., 1956, 1961, 1962 magnetoreceptive mechanism Brown, F. A., Jr., F. H. Barnwell & H. M. Webb, 1964 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Bennett &F. H. Barnwell, I960 Brown, F. A., Jr. & H. M.Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb * W. J. Brett, 1960 magnetic fields Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & W. J. Brett, 1959 orientation Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett &W. J. Brett, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett &H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Brett, 1960 periodicity Brown, F. A., W. J. Brett, Jr., M. F. Bennett & 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. R. Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A. ,Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Brett, 1960 physiology Brown, F. A., Jr., F H. Barnwell & H. M. Webb, 1964 Nassarius trivittata, shell host for Podocoryne carnea Crowell, S., 1945 Grave, B. H., 1930 Cnidaria Agassiz, E. C. & A. Agassiz, 1865 Cumingia tellinoides Grave, B. H., 1927b Haminea solitaria Smallwood, W. M., 1904 Homarus Hughes, J. T. & G. C. Matthiessen, 1962 Homarus americanus Herrick, F. H., 1911 Limulus polyphemus Mya Shuster, C. N., 1950 arenaria Kellogg, J. L., 1901 Pennaria Hargitt, C. W., 1900a Pomatomus saltatrix Baird, S. F., 1873b Stenotomus argyprops Baird, S. F., lS73b Teredo Grave, B. H., 1928a Woods Hole notes on Gray, G. M., 1932-1945 Naucrates ductor parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Nauset algae, drifting Collins ,F. S., 1914 beach studies Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954a, 1954b Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1961 geology Mitchell, H., 1871 Naushon Island Acalephan fauna Agassiz, A., 1862 Nassarius trivittatus flora larvae Sheltema, R. S. & A. H. Scheltema, 1965 penis resorption Jenner, C. W., 1956a Nassarius vibex larvae Scheltema, R. S., 1962 Natica Fogg, Verrill, A. E., 1878 Lyman, T., 1861 1930 Emerson, A. F., 1935 kettle holes Koons, B. F., 1884, 1885 Naushonia crangonoides KinRsley. J. S., 1895 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 fossil Natica heros J. M., Jr., history larvae Thompson, M. T., 1904b morphology Thompson, M. T., 1004b 133 Nereis tenuis Navicula Ryder, Nemesis pallida on Vulpecula marina Wilson, C. B.. 1932 A., 1885 J. distribution Nemopsis Peck, J. I., 1896 Near shore processes Davis, W. M., 1896 Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958, 1964 Mitchell, H., 1871, 1873, 1887 Upham, W., 1879 U. S. Beach Erosion Board, 1957 Whiting, H. L., 1872, 1886 Zeigler, J. M., C. R. Hayes & S. D. Tuttle, 19f Zeigler, J. M. & S. D. Tuttle, 1961 coastal morphology Mitchell, H., 1886 Nectonema agilis 1880-1885 Nectonemertes morphology Coe, W. R. & S. C. Ball, 1920 Nectonereis megalops Verrill, A. E.. Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith &0. Bousfield, E. L.. 1965 Neohaustorius schmitzi Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Neoliparis atlanticus Gray, G. M., 1939a Neoliparis montagui Smith, H.M., 1898a Neomaenis analis Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b, 1902a Neomaenis apodus Smith, H.M., 1898a, 1898b, 1902b Neomaenis ay a Harger, Smith, H. M., 1898a Neomaenis blackfordi f873 Nemalion multifidum Smith, H. M., 1902b development Neomaenis griseus Chester, G. D., 1896 Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b, 1902b Nematocysts Neomaenis jocu manipulation Pennaria tiarella Kepner, W. A., 1943 Smith, H. M., 1898b Neomysis americana Nematoda Cobb, N. A., 1932 Linton, E., 1901b Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 anaerobiosis Wieser, W. ecology Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 & J. Kanwisher, 1961 intertidal distribution Cobb, N. A., 1929 new species Cobb, N. A., 1920 parasites of Copepoda Cobb, N. A., 1928 Nematodinium armatum Hulburt, E. M., 1957 N ematonurus goodei host for Ascans linstowi Linton, E., 1901b Nematoscelis atlantica Hansen, H. J., 1915 Nematoscelis megalops Hansen, H. J., 1915 physiology Raymont, J. E. G. & R. Nematoscelis microps Hansen, H. J., 1915 Nematostella pellucida Crowell. morphological variation Hargitt, C. W., 1901 Nemopsis bachei Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Neohaustorius biarticulatus S.. cell lineage Wilson, E. B., 1892 Nereis alacris Verrill, A. E., J. Conover, 1961 1946 Nemertinea Thompson, C. B., 1900a, Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886, 1900b 1888-1892b breeding Coe, W. R., 1899 classification Montgomery, T. H., 1897 Thompson, C. connective tissues B., 1900a, 1900b & physiology Raymont, J. E.G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 Neopanope texana sayi Wilson, J. H., 1905 development larval Chamberlain, N. A., 1957 Neosperwysis deichmanni de Laubenvels. M. W.. 1949 Nephrochloris saliva Hulburt, E. M., 1963 seasonal distribution Hulburt. E. M., 1956b Nephlhys bucera tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Neptunis sayi Smith, S. L, 1877-1882b Nereidae new species Pettibone, M. H., 1956 Nereis body cavities Montgomery, T. H., 1897 1880-1886 Nereis grayi Pettibone, M. H., 1956 Nereis limbata U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 breeding Lillie, F. R. & E. E. Just, 1913 Mead, A. D., 1898 Thompson, M. T., 1899 Nereis megalops Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Nereis tenuis Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 134 Nereis virens Nereis virens behavior Copeland, M., 1930 Miner, R. W., 1912 feeding Copeland, M. & H. L. Wieman, 1924 Gross, A. C, 1921 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 care & maintenance of Copeland, M., 1935 food of Nyaticorax nycticorax naevius Gross, A. 0., 1923 salinity influences Sayles, L. P., 1935 sense organs Langdon, F. E., 1900 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Nerilla antennata Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Neris arenaceodentata Moore, J. P., 1903a Nerocila munda on Monacanthus Cushman, J. A., 1906a parasite of Ceratacanthus aurantiacus Harger, O., 1880a Nesippus alatus Wilson, C. B., 1906 Nest building behavior Musculus discors Merrill, A. S. & R. D. Turner, 1963 Neverita duplicata Winkley, H. W., 1907 New Bedford Nitrite in sea water Rakestraw, N. W., 1936 Nitrogen cycle parasite of Acipenser sturio Linton, E., 1898c Nitzschia papillosa parasite of Gadus callarias Linton, E., 1898c Nobska fog DuBois, E., 1935 Nogagus curticaudis parasite of Carcharinus obscurus Rathbun, R., 1885 New England storms Perley, S., 1891 Nicolea simplex I. latreillii parasite of Carcharinus obscurus Rathbun, R., 1885 Nolella blakei Greene, T. A., 1833 Verrill, A. E., S. Smith & 0. Harger , 1873 on Perophora viridis Rogick, M. P., 1945-1949 Nomenclature, Copepoda Wilson, C. B., 1925 No Mans Land Nicolea viridis Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Nicolea zostericola Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Nomeus Ninoe nigripes Hartman, 0., 1942a Nonamesset Verrill, A. E.. S. I. Smith &0. Harger , geology Woodworth, Nitella flexilis Wood, R. D., 1949 N onion Nitella megacarpa Wood, R. D., 1949 N onion Nitella morongii Wood, R. D., 1949 Nitella transilis Wood, R. D., 1949 Nitocra chelifer Wilson, C. B., 1932 Nitrate seasonal cycle C, 1937 J. B. & E. Wigglesworth, 1934 gronovii Smith, H. M., 1898a kettle holes 1873 Lillick, L. bacteria S. A., M. Hotchkiss & C. L. Carey, 1933 of sea water von Brand, T. & N. W. Rakestraw, 1940, 1941 von Brand, T. & N. W. Rakestraw & C. E. Renn, 1937, 1939 von Brand, T., N. W. Rakestraw & J. W. Zabor, 1942 regeneration von Brand, T. & N. W. Rakestraw, 1940, 1941 von Brand, T., N. W. Rakestraw & C. E. Renn, 1937, 1939 von Brand, T., N. W. Rakestraw fk J. W. Zabor, 1942 Nitzschia ovalis polysaccharides of Lewin, R. A., 1955 Nitzschia delicatissima seasonal distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Nitzschia elegans Nogagus MoUusca, distribution & Waksman, Koons, B. F., 1884 pauciloculum Cushman. J. A., 1944 tisburyensis brackish water Butcher. W. S.. 1948 Parker, F. L., 1952 Northern corals see Astrangia danae Northern squid see Ilex illacebrosus North Falmouth fauna, eel grass flats Allee, W. C, 1922b Oligochaeta 135 North Falmouth invertebrate collections Dawson, J. A., 1931 Notomastus filiformis Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 Notoplana atomata Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker Notropis rubrifrons host for Caryophyllaeus terebrans Linton, E., 1941 Nucula delphinodonta Stimpson, W., 1854a Nucula navicularis Couthouy, J. P., 1839 J 1939 Nucula proximo fossil Raup, D. M. Nucula shaleri Miocene & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Pall, W. H., 1894 Nucula thraciaeformis Pleuronectes dentata Gould, A. A., 1841 Nudibranchiata Moore, G. M., 1950 Russell, H. D., 1964 Verrill, A. E., 1872 salt marsh, Pasque Island Russell, H. D., 1946 in Nutrients Hulburt, E. M., 1956a Rakestraw, N. W., 1936 Nutrition & callus color, Polinces duplicatus Turner, H. J., Jr., 1958 Nycticorax nycticorax naevius Gross, A. 0., 1923 Obelia breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 Obelia commissuralis development Grave, B. H., 1933 Obelia congdoni Hargitt, C. W., 1909b Obelia dichotoma symbiosis with Endeis spinosus Cole, L. J., 1910 Obelia flabellata Hargitt, C. W., 1902b synonomy Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Obelia geniculata Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Oceania languida Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Oceanography chemical Walsh, G. E., 1965a, 1965b Ochlochaete lentiformis Thivy, P., 1943 Ochromonas marina Lackey, J. B., 1940 Octobothrium crenacolle Linton, E., 1934c Octobothrium crenacolle parasite of Sphyma zygaena Linton. E.. 1889-1891 parasite of Poronotus triacanthus Linton, E., 1907a seasonal distribution Linton, E., 1914 Octobothrium denticulatum parasite of Pollachius virens Linton, E., 1901a Octobothrium dipsacum parasite of Pomatomus saltatrix Linton, E., 1897 Octoplectanum affine parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Linton, E., 1898c Ocypode quadrata Smith, S. 1., 1877-1882b Ocyurus chrysurus Smith, H. M., 1902a Odontaspis littoralis parasite of Crossobothrium laciniatum Linton, E., 1889-1891 parasite of Pandarus smithii Rathbun, R., 1887a parasite of Rhynchobothrium longicorne Linton, E., 1889-1891 Odostomia Bartsch, P., 1907-1912 Odostomia (Evalea) bartschi classification Winkley, H. W., 1912 Odostomia bisuturalis Winkley, H. W., 1907, 1909 Odostomia ( Chrysallida ) bushiana Bartsch, P., 1907-1912 Odostomia crenulata Miocene Brown. T. C. 1905 Odostomia fusca Winkley, H. W., 1907 Odostomia (lolaea) hendersoni Bartsch. P.. 1907-1912 Odostomia ( Odostomia) modesta Winkley, H. W., 1909 Odostomia semicostgta Miocene Brown, T. C, 1905 Odostomia seminuda Winkley, H. W., 1907 Odostomia trifada Winkley, H. W., 1907 host for cerceria of Lecithaster confusus Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943a Oithona brevicomis Deevey, G. B., 1948 Oithona plumifera Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Oithona similis Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Oligochaeta Moore, J. P., 1905b Welch, P. S., 19l7 Oligochaeta 136 Opisthonema oglinum MacCoy, C. V., 1931 Smith, H. M., 1898a Oligochaeta tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S. 1928 Oligoplites saurus Opossum shrimp Gray, G. VI., 1939c Smith, H. M., 1898a see Mysidacea Opsanus tau Olpidium sphacellamm Smith, H. M., 1898a Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Omalostomum schultzei Jones, E. R., 1938 embryos Armstrong, exchange by Ommastrephes illecebwsa 1874, 1880 host for Phyllobothrium loliginis Linton, E., 1897 host for Thysanocephalum Linton, E., 1897 Oncaea venusta Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Onchidoris aspera Russell, H. D., 1964 Onchidoris fusca Russell, H. D., 1964 Onchium ocellatum Cobb, N. A., 1920 Onchocotyle mavon parasite of Morone americana Linton, E., 1942 Onset Bay Verrill, A. E., oyster fishery Galtsoff, P. S., H. P. Prytherch & H. C. McMillin, 1930 salinity Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch & Holmes, S. J., 1903a commensal host for Allosphaerium Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 commensal host for Chilodonella Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Ontogeny Hydrozoa Hargitt, C. W., 1911 marsh Redfield, A. C, 1965a Ophichthus gomesi Backus, R. H., 1957 Ophiocoma aculeata Desor, E., 1851a Ophioderma autotomy Allee, W. C. & J. R. Fowler, 1932 Ophioderma brevispina physiology Allee, W. C, 1927 Ophiolepis robusta Ayers, W. 0., 1854 "" Oph uro idea i Allee, W. C. & J. R. Fowler, 1932 Ayers, W. O., 1854 Clarke, H. L., 1908 Desor, E., 1851a physiology Allee, W. C, 1927 rare Gray, G. M., 1940a Opisthonema oglinum Gray, G. M., 1939c Williams, G. C, 1960 feeding Herrick, C. J., 1903 host for Ascaris habena Linton, E., 1901a host for Contracaecum habena Linton, E., 1934c host for Monostomum vinal-edwardsii Linton, E., 1901b host for Siphodera vinal-edwardsii Manter, H. W., 1926 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a parasites of cestodes Linton, E., 1910a Orbicella acropora Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Orbinia omata Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Orchestia agilis Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger & H. C. McMillin, 1930 tidal B., 1957 1873 behavior H. C. McMillin, 1930 temperature, water Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch P. tidal currents , Orchestia heigalis ecology Platzman, S. J., 1960 Orchestia palustris Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 behavior Holmes, S. J., 1903a commensal host for Allosphaerium Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 commensal host for Chilodonella longipharynx Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Orchestia platensis growth estimates Sutcliffe, W. H., Jr., 1965 Orchestiidae parasites of Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 Orcynus pelamys Edwards, V. N., 1878 Organic carbon Lidz, L., 1965 Organic content of sediments Wigley, R. L., 1961a Organic matter decomposition by bacteria Waksman, S. A., C. L. Carey H. W. Reuszer, 1933 & Osteichthyes 137 Osteichthyes Organic matter in marine mud Waksman, S. A., Baird, S. F., 1873b Bean, B. A., 1898 Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940 Brown, G. G., 1879 Bumpus, H. C, 1899 1933 sediments Ryder, J. A., 1885 rate of decomposition by bacteria Waksman, S. A. & C. E. Renn, 1936 Organs, olfactory in Edwards, V. N., 1878 Eigenmann, C. H., 1902b Goode, G. B., 1879 Gudger, E. W., 1930 Busycon Copeland, M., 1918 Nassarius Copeland, M., 1918 Harper, F., 1928 Kendall, W. C. & H. M. Smith, 1895 Lyman, T., 1861 MacCoy, C. V., 1931, 1934 Mather, F. J., IH, 1952 Orientation Ilyanassa obsoleta Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & W. J. Brett, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1960 Nassarius obsoletus Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & W. J. Brett, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Bennett &F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr. &H.M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Brett, 1960 Orleans Stunkard, H. W., 1953 sediments Schlee, J., E. Uchupi Trumbull, 1964 & J. V. A. Orthaguriscus mola young Putnam, F. W., 1871 Orthonectida Meinkoth, M. A., 1956 Orygmatobothrium ansustum parasite of Carcharias obscurus Linton. E.. 1889-1891 parasite of Prionace glauca Linton, E., 1898b Orygmatobothrium crenulatum parasite of Dasyatis centrura Linton, E., 1898b Orygmatobothrium forte parasite of Cestracion zygaena Linton, E.. 1925 Orygmatobothrium paulum parasite of Galeocerdo tigrinus Linton, E., 1898b Osmerus_ moradax Fowler, H. W., 1917 Smith, H. M., 1898a Osmosis, fish Sumner, P. B., 1906a Osmotic regulation gammarids Mathew, S. A., 1938 Meek, S. E., 1883 Putnam, F. W., 1871 Radcliffe, L., 1916 S. A., A. Perlmutter Richards, Jr. ,1949, 1951 copepod parasites of Rathbun, R., 1885, 1888 deformaties Chidester, F. E., 1914 development Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922b Clapp, C. M., 1891 Draper, J. W. & D. J. Edwards, 1932 Eigenmann, C. H., 1902a Miller, D. & R. R. Marak, 1959 Newman, H. H., 1908 Sullivan, W. E., 1915 larvae Kuntz, A. Atwood, N. E., 1865, 1866b, 1866-1868, 1868 Backus, R. H., 1962 C. Rogers, C. H., 1938 Schroeder, W. C, 1937 Schuck, H. A., 1951b Sherwood, S. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b, 1899a, 1899b, 1901, 1902a, 1902b, 1902c, 1921, 1938 Spaeth, R. A., 1921 Storer, D. H., 1843b, 1848b, 1856, 1859 Thompson, J. H., 1881 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 albinism Lux, F. E.,1959 anatomy Silvester, C. F., 1905 behavior Atwood, N. E., 1861 Blake, J. H., 1871 Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922a Lyon, E. P., 1905 Newman, H. H., 1907 Nye, W., Jr., 1883, 1887a Parker, G. H., 1912 Rathbun, R., 1894 Verrill, A. E., 1897 feeding Linton, E., 1922b Peck, J. I., 1896 bio-acoustics Moulton, J. M., 1956 Werntz, H. O., 1963 Osteichthyes Armstrong, P. B., 1957 Armstrong, P. B. & J. S. Child, 1965 Arnold, E. L., &D. McAneny, 1963 & L. Radcliffe, 1917 diet Schroeder, W. C, 1947 138 Osteichthyes Osteichthyes sense of smell Osteichthyes distribution Backus, R. H., 1957 J. A., 1906b Cushman, Firth, F. E., 1931 Fowler, H. W., 1917 Gill, T., 1863 Gray, G. M., 1939a, 1940b Parker, G. H. & R. E. Sheldon, 1914 sunfish Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 temperatures Kidder, J. H., 1880 Ostracoda Cushman, egg Fish, C, embryology Ryder, J. Ostrea gigas growth A., 1884a Turner, H. J., Jr., 1950 Ostrea virginica development Jackson, R. T., 1888a, 1888b feeding JjlJrgensen, C. B., 1952 physiology of Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 reproduction Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 Otodistomum cestoides development Manter, H. W., 1926 morphology Manter, H.W., 1926 parasite of Raja laevis Linton, E., 1934c Outer Cape Cod beach changes Wilson, H. v., 1891a fishery Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 MuUan, J. W., 1958 Perlmutter, A., 1947 food of seals Griffin, D. R., 1936 growth Mather, E J., Ill & H. A. Schuck, 1960 hermaphroditism Chidester, F. E., 1917 larvae Costello, D. P., 1946a life 1906b J. A., 1928 history Schroeder, W. C, 1928 melanosis Hsiao, S. C, 1941 migrations Blake, J. H., 1871 Collins, G. B., 1952 morphology Bigelow, R. P., 1926 Bumpus, H. C, 1898d Gabriel, M. L., 1942 Herrick, C. J., 1898, 1900, 1903 Newman, H. H., 1909 Parker, G. H., 1903, 1910 Williams, S. R., 1902 Tasha & G. Gudger, E. W., 1934 rare Gray, G. M., 1934 reproduction Lee, R. E., 1942 schooling Shaw, E., 1957, 1958a, 1958b, 1958c, 1960-1961, 1961 S. Giese, 1965 Allee, W. C, 1922c, 1923b consumption Allee, W. C. & J. R. Fowler, 1932 Fucus Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., C. L. Ralph, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., Brett, 1958 Hahn, C. W., 1915, 1917, 1918 Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 predators of D. Tuttle, 1961 Oxygen Bean, T. H., 1885 parasites of Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941, 1942 cope pod Rathbun, R., 1887a physiology Irving, L., 1942 S. & development Zeigler, J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. new species Linton, E.,1891, 1897, 1898c, 1907b, 1915e, 1922c, 1923, 1928, 1934b, 1936, 1941 Manter, H. W., 1926 Martin, W. E., 1939 Ryder, J. A., 1884b WiUey, C. H., 1958 & Zeigler, J. M. age M. F. Bennett & M. I. Sandeen & M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb & W. J. Uca Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & M. I. Sandeen C. L. Ralph, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., & H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Webb & W. Jr., H. M. Jr., M. F. Bennett & Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen C. L. Ralph, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & & Brett, 1958 Uca pugnax Brown, F. A., H. M. Webb, 1954 W. J. Brett, 1958 & J. Palinurichthys perciformis 139 Pagurus acadianus Oxygen Benedict, production Quahog Pond, West Falmouth Whiteley, G. C, Jr., 1960 Oxythina Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 Oyster Crassostrea Brown, F. A., Jr., VI. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. Bennett, 1955b growth Pierce, M. E. & J. E. Currier, 1951, 1952 seasonal growth Pierce, M. E. & J. T. Conover, 1954 Oyster crabs see Pinnotheres Oyster drills see Urosalpinx Oyster Pond Falmouth algae Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 carbohydrates, dissolved Walsh, G. E., 1964, 1965b pn Walsh, G. E., 1965b productivity Walsh, G. E., 1965b sea level Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 Martha's Vineyard depth Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 geology Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 plankton populations Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 1961 Rudzinska, M. A., 1952 Paedophylax hebes & J. E. Benedict. 1884 parasite of Pagurus longicarpus Reinhard, E. G., 1945 Pagurus with Hydractinia Bunting, M., 1894 larvae heliotropism Lyon, E. P., 1906b Palaemonetes vulgaris behavior, larval White, G. M., 1924 breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 chromatophores, light & temperature Webb, H. M., F. A. Brown, Jr. R. C. Graves, 1952 & development Faxon, W., 1879a larval Smith, S. I., 1873 morphology Jenner, C. E., 1955 Palaemonetes pugio morphology new species Pachycyclops signatus host for Cyclopsinema mordens Cobb, N. A., 1928 (1927) Pachygrapsus transversus Smith, S. I., 1877-1882b Pachystomos clisthus Rudzinska, M. A., 1952 Pachystomos olisthus Webster. H. E. Paguritherium alatum Palaemonetes Jenner, C. E., 1955 Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 temperature, water Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 water density Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 Oyster spat & Stylochus J., Jr., for Palaeonemertea salinity Provenzano, A. 1901 Trager, W., 1957 Paguritherium alatum Reinhard, E. G., 1945 host for Stegophryxus hyptius Thompson, M. T., 1902 lethal temperatures Fraenkel, G., 1960 Palaemon vulgaris Lyman, T., 1861 host fossil teeth J. E., Pagurus longicarpus host for Gymnodinioides inkystans Coe, W. R., 1895 Paleobotany Berry, E. W., 1915 Hollick, A., 1896b Jeffrey, E. C, 1910 Sayles, R. W., 1939 White, D., 1890 Paleoecology Pleistocene mollusks McAlester, A. L., I. G. Speden & M. A. Buzas, 1964 Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963, 1964 Paleontology Kaye, C. A., 1963 Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 Verrill, A. E., 1878 Woodworth, J. B., 1900 Eocene fauna, Nantucket Brown, T. C, 1905 fossiliferous boulders, Truro Crosby, W. 0., 1881 Miocene fauna. Gay Head Cushman, J. A., 1904a, 1905b Palinurichthys perciformis Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1921 host for Distomum pyriforme Linton, E. 1901a , 140 PalinuTichthys perciformis Paraletpastacus katamensis Wilson, C. B.. 1932 Paralichthys dentatus host for Anisoporus manteri Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940, 1941 host for Chondracanthus galeritus Rathbun, R., 1887a Palinurtchthys perciformis host for Ligula Linton, E., 1941 parasites Linton, E., 1901a Pallene brevirostris behavior Cole, L. J., 1901 Pallene empusa Wilson, E. B., 1880 Palynology Deevey, E. host for Distomum Linton, E., 1901a 1948 Livingston, D. A., 1964 Barnstable Marsh Butler, P., 1959 Pleistocene Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1959 S., Jr., pollen stratigraphy Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 Quaternary sediments Groot, C. R. & J. J. Groot, 1964 Pandarus c ranch ii parasite of Carcharinus obscurus Rathbun, R., 1885 Pandarus sinuatus Rathbun, R., 1887a development McClendon, J. F., 1906-1907 Pandarus smithii parasite of Odontaspis littoralis Rathbun, R., 1887a Pandocia Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b Pandora crassidens Wilson, J. H., 1905 Pandora ( Clidiophora) gouldiana Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 Pandora ( Clidiophora) inomata Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 Pandora {Clidiophora) trilineata Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 Pandoridae Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 Panopea reflexa fossil Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 Paracalanus parvus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Paractis rapiformis Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Paraeuchaeta norvegica physiology Raymont, J. E. G. & R. Parafolliculina violacea Andrews, E. A., 1942 Parahaustorius attenuatus Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Parahaustorius holmesi Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Parahaustorius longimerus Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Parahesione luteola Pettibone, M. H., 1956 Paraleptastacus brevicaudatus Pennak, R. W., 1942a Wilson. C. B.. 1932 J. Conover, 1961 host for Distomum appendiculatum Linton, E., 1901a host for Distomum dentatum Linton, E., 1901a host for Distomum pundens Linton, E., 1901a host for Echinorhynchus sagittifer Linton, E., 1889 host for Ichtheonema sanguineum Linton, E., 1901a host for Octoplectanum affine Linton, E., 1898c host for Pontobdella rapax Linton, E., 1901b parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Paralichthys dentatus morphology, optic Parker, G. H., 1903 Paralichthys oblongus U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Paramecium geotropism Kanda, S., 1914 Paramecium woodruffi Wenrich. P. H.. 1928 Paranais littoralis Moore, J. P., 1905b Paranthura brachiata Harger, 0., 1880a Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith, S. 1., 1878-1882 Parapandarus nodosus Wilson, C. B., 1925 Parapolia aurantiaca Coe. W. R., 1895 Pararchinotodelphys gurneyi Illg, P. L., 1955 Parasira catenulata Vernll, A. E., 1880 Parasites Groto, S., 1899 Linton, E., 1907a, 1907b, 1907c, 1910b, 1915d, 1915e, 1921, 1922a, 1922b, 1922c, 1922d, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1933, 1934a, 1934b, 1942 Provenzano, A. J., Jr., 1961 Reinhard, E. G., 1945 Acanthocephla Linton, E., 1889, 1892a Arabella on Dtopatra cuprea Allen, M. J., 1952 cercariae Linton, E., 1915b, 1915c cestode Linton, E., 1889, 1889-1891, 1897, 1898b, 1898 (1897) 1905, 1907a Pecten grandis 141 Parasites Parasites Chloromyxum clupeidae Hahn, C. W., 1918 Chomosphaera cancrorum Connolly, C. J., 1929 ciliates, coelozoic astomatous Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 copepod Linton, E., 1901a McClendon, J. F., 1906-1907 Rathbun, R., 1885, 1887a, 1888 Trematode Hunninen, A. V. & R. 1943b Cyclopsinema mordens Cobb, N. A., 1928 (1927) entozoan Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1910a fish Linton, E., 1894, 1898a, 1898c, 1901a 1901b, 1914, 1941 Wilson, C. B., 1905a helminth Linton, E., 1934c ithysanocephalum crispum Linton, E., 1892b isopod Reinhard, E. G., 1949 1926 Martin, W. E., 1938, 1939, 1940, 1944 & F. E. Northup, 1926 Stunkard, H. W., 1936, 1938, 1943, 1950a, 1951, 1953, 1957, I960, 1961, 1962a, 1962b, 1964 Stunkard, H. W. & R. M. Cable, 1932 Stunkard, H. W. & R. F. Nigrelli, 1930 Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 Miller, H. M., Jr. Tubularia parasitica Hargitt, C. W., 1902a Parasitism, Hyper Hexamat ia, parasite oi Deropristis inflata Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Parataenia medusia parasite of Dasyatis centrura Linton, E., 1889, 1898b parasite of Trygon centrura Linton, E., 1889-1891 Paratanais algicola Harger, 0., 1878 Parorchis avitus life history Stunkard, M. W. & R. M. Cable, 1931, 1932 Parthenogenesis Thompson, M. T., 1902 Lecithaster confusus Hunninen, A. & R. VI. Cable, 1943a Loxosoma minuta Osburn, R. C, 1912 metacercariae, microphallid Stunkard, H. W., 1950b Microtaeniella clymenellae Calkins, G. N., 1915 Myxobolus musculi Hahn, C. W., 1917a, 1917b Myxobolus pleuronectidae Hahn, C. W., 1917b Asteroidea Greeley, A. W., 1902 Parvatrema borealis nematoda Cobb, N. Pasythea nodosa on Sargassum A., 1902b, 1920 Nolella blakei Rogick, M. D., 1945-1949 Planocera inquilina Wheeler, W. M., 1894a Podocotyle atomos Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943b Protozoa Kudo, R., 1923 Renn, C. E., 1935 Rhizocephala Reinhard, E. G., 1946 Rhopalarua Vleinkoth, M. A., 1956 in host, intermediate Stunkard, H. W., 1962a Parypha crocea development Allen, C. M., 1900 Pasque Island flora Fogg, J. M., Jr., 1930 nudibranch fauna of salt marsh Russell, H. D., 1946 Hargi-tt, C. W., 1908 Pea crabs see Pinnotheres Peat Barnstable Marsh Redfield, A. C, 1965b, 1965c Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a, 1962b sedimentology Redfield, A. C, 1965a Pebbles fossiliferous Woodworth, Harwich J. B., 1892 Julien, A. P., 1907 skin parasite of Ctenolabrus adspersus Ryder, J. A., 1884b sporocysts Linton, E., 1915c sporozoan Linton, E., 1915c Pecten Trematode Pecten concentricus Cable, R. M., 1954 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 194^1, 1941, 1942 Cable, R. Vi. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 Hsiao, S. C, 1941 Cable, 1940, 1941, Linton, E., 1898 Vlanter, H. W., Willey, C. H., 1958 Wilson, C. B., 1903b 1905b, 1906, 1921, 1925, 1932 Crossobothrium lanciniatum Curtis, W. C, 1903 VI. autecology Belding, D. L., 1910b fishery Belding, D. L., 1910b Lyman, T., 1861 Pecten grandis natural history Posgay, J. A., 1950, 1953 respiration Var, nam I 19S4 142 Pecten irradians Pelecypoda Pecten irradians Plaine, H. L., 1952 Turner, H.J. & J. E. Hanks, 1960 hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a host for Trematode sporocysts & cercariae Linton, E., 1915c infested by Polydora ciliata Plaine, H. L., 1952 Turner, H. J., Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1959 respiration Van Dam, L., 1954 Pecten magellanicus Wilson, J. H., 1905 Pecten tenuicostatus behavior Grave, B. H., 1927a, 1927b, 1928b Merrill, A. S. & R. D. Turner, 1963 Turner, H. J., Jr. & C. J. George, 1955 feeding Blake, J. W., 1961 J^rgensen, C. B., 1952 sexual Coe, W. R., 1934, 1936a breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 commensalism Linton, E., 1910c Patterson, J. T., 1912 development evolution Galtsoff, P. S., 1954 Drew, G. A., 1907a morphology Drew, G. A., 1907a Grave, B. H., 1926 Jackson, R. T., 1888b Kellogg, J. L., 1905 Richards, 0. W., 1935, 1946 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1950 Pectinaria belgica behavior Miner, R. W., 1912 distribution Pectinidae fossil Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Pedicellina cernua Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Pelagia cyanella Hargitt, C.W., 1902b Pelagia quinquercirrha Desor, E., 1851d Pelecypoda Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1941b Belding, D. L., 1910a, 1910b, 1914, 1916, 1930 Clench, W. J. & C. G. Aquayo, 1931 Drew, tJ. Field, I. A., 1899 A., 1922 Grave, B.H., 1928a Jackson, R. T., 1888a Johnson, C. W., 1932 Lyman, T., 1861 Matthiessen, G. C, I960 Orr, P R., 1946 Plaine, H. L., 1952 Ropes, J. W., 1963 Ropes, J. W. & C. E. Martin, 1960 Stimpson, W., 1854a, 1854b Storer, D. H., 1839 Turner, H. J., Jr., 1951. 1957 Turner, H. J., Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1959 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Verrill, A.E., 1872, 1873 Winkley, H. W., 1907 amino acid uptake Stephens, G. C. & R. A. Schinske, 1958 anti-fouling Clarke, G. L., 1947 behavior Bennett, M. F., 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. Bennett, 1955b Drew, G. A., 1907b Carpenter, H. F., 1889 Connell, J. H., 1955 evolution Drew, G. A., 1907a fishery Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch H. C. McMillin, 1930 Posgay, J. A., 1950, 1953 & Turner, H.J., Jr., 1949b Wheeler, C. L., 1948 fossil Lyell, C, 1844 H., 1890 Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 Scudder, S. H., 1877 gametogenesis Turner, H..J. & J. E. Hanks, 1960 growth Pierce, M. E. & J. E. Currier, 1951, 1952 hermaphroditism Grave, B.H. & J. Smith, 1936a Merrill, E J. intertidal freezing Kanwisher, life 1955 J. W., history Kellogg, J. L., 1901 Miocene, Gay Head Dall, W. H., 1894 morphology Ryder, J. 1889 A., functional Hunter, W. R. & D. C. Grant, 1962 mortality Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 Pandoridae Boss, K. J. & A. S. Merrill, 1965 parasites of Cable, R. M., 1954 Linton, E., 1915c Martin, W. E., 1940 periodicity Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. Bennett, 1955b F. Periodicity 143 Pelecypoda Pennatula aculeata physiology Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Peprilus alepidotus Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951 Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 populational ecology Ayers, J. C, 1956 predators of Lavoie, M. & G. G. Holz, propagation Turner, H. J. Jr., 1949a Peranemopsis striata Lackey, J. B., 1940 Jr., 1955 , raft culture raft Shaw, W. N., 1962 grown Shaw, W. N., 1963 respiration Van Dam, L., 1954 seasonal growth Pierce, M. E. & J. T. Conover, 1954 sediment reworking Rhoads, D. C, 1963 sex inversions Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936b sexual cycle Grave, B. H., 1942 shell inclusions Merrill, A. S., 1960 symbiosis Gray, G. M., 1933 Peltogaste r naushonensis Reinhard, E. G., 1946 Penikese Island algae Croasdale, H., 1948 Doty, M. S., 1948 Jordan, D. S., 1874 Lewis, I. P., 1924 Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1933 brackish water Protozoa Zinn, D. J., 1954 palynology post glacial sea level Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 Protozoa Croasdale, H., 1948 Zinn, D. J., 1954 Penilia avirostris bioluminescense Lochhead, J. H., 1954 distribution Lochhead, Penis J. H., 1954 resorption Jenner, C. E., 1936a Nassa obsoletus Jenner, C. E. & N. A. Chamberlain, 19 55 Pennaria morphology, variation Hargitt, C. W., 1901 Pennaria tiarella breeding Thompson, VI. T., 1899 development Hargitt, C. W., 1900a, 1904b morphology Smallwood, M., 1899 natural history Hargitt, C. W., 1900a nematocysts, manipulation Kepner, W: A., 1943 ontogeny Hargitt, C. W., 1911 Peridinium distribution Peck, J. I., 1896 Peridinium divergens Peck, J. I., 1896 Peridinium fusus Peck, J. L, 1896 Peridinium triquetrum seasonal distribution Hulburt, E. \1.. 1956b Periodicity Fingerman, M., 1957a Stier, T. J. B., 1933 Callinectes Fingerman, M., 1955 Crassostrea Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Brown, F. A.. Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. Bennett, 1955b Fucus Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Brett, 1958, 1960 Hantzschia amphioxys Faure-Fremiet, E., 1951b llyanassa obsoleta Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & W. J. Brett, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett &H. M. Webb, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr. & H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. \., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett fi L. H. Barnwell, 1959 Littorina littorea Haseman, J. D., 1911 Nassarius obsoletus Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & W. J. Brett, 1959 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett &H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., W. J. Brett, M. F. Bennett & F. H. Barnwell, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1960 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Brett, 1958, 1960 Pelecypoda Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. Bennett, 1955b Uca Barnwell, F. H. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1963 Brown, F. A., Jr. &M. N. Hines, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. 1. Sandeen & N. Fingerman, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., Vj. I. Sandeen & C. L. Ralph, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett &VI. I. Sandeen, 1954 144 Periodicity Periodicity Uca daily Brown, F. A., Jr. &G. C Stephens, 1951 Brown, F. A., Jr. &H. M. Webb, 1949 Fingerman, M., 1955 melanophores Stephens, G. C, J. P. Greene, B. Guttman tidal & R. A. Schinske, & burrows 1958 Fingerman, M., 1957b tidal & color change Fingerman, M., 1955, 1956 Uca pugnax Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1959b Bennett, M. F., J. Shriner & R. A. Brown, 1957 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb. 195^ Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & R. C. Graves, 1952 Webb, H. M. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1965 melanophores Stephens, G. C, 1955 motor activity Bennett, M. F., J. Shriner &R. A. Brown, 1957 Venus mercenaria Bennett, M. F., 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. F. Bennett, 1955b Perissopus communis Rathburi, R., 1888 Petromyzon Mead, A. D., 1898 Petromyzon marinus Smith, H. M., 1898a pCO in sea water Loomis, W. F. & W. F. Loomis, Jr., I960 PH Bigelow, H. B., 1927 Walsh, G. E., 1965b effects upon animal distribution Allee, W. C, 1922c, 1923b Phaeodactylum tricomtum Lewin, J. C, R. A. Lewin & D. E. Philpott, 1958 phosphorus uptake Kuenzler, E. J. & B. H. Ketchum, 1962 systematics Lewin, J. C, 1958 Phaeophila engeri Thivy, F., 1943 Phaeophyta Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Brett, 1958 Collins, F. S., 1906, 1908b, 1914, 1918 Farlow, W. G., 1882b Schuh, R. E., 1900a Taylor, W. R., 1928, 1941 anaerobiosis Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 associated with Ectoprocta Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 development Papenfuss, G. F., 1935 distribution Peritricha Rudzinska, M. A., 1947 Periphora listeri development Jackson, Periphora viridis S. F., 1958 G., 1907-1912a A.E., 1871b Van Name, W. Verrill. Petrography Schalk, M., 1938 facetted pebbles Davis, W. M., 1895 morphology Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Periwinkles see Littorina (3 species) Petaloproctus filifer Hartman, 0. ,1942b, 1944 Petersenia (Olpidiopsis) andreei comb. nov. Sparrow, F. K., 1936 Petersenia sp. Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Petersenia lobata Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Petricola pholadiformis distribution, spatial Connell, J. H., Collins, F. S., 1891, 1896 morphology Simons, E. B., 1906 physiology Robbins, W. J., 1916 Phaeophytin in phytoplankton method of determination by fluorescence Yentsch, C. S. & D. W. Menzel, 1963 Phallusia Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b Phascolosoma gouldii behavior Miner, R. W., 1912 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 PhiUchthys xiphiae parasite of Xiphias gladius Linton, E., 1901b Philoscia vittata Harger, 0., 1880a Phoca vitulina Phoca vitulina concolor U. 1955 S. Fish Commission, 1901 stomach contents Griffin, D. R., 1936 Physiology 145 Pholas costata fossil Gould, A. A., 1841 Pholas truncata Wilson, J. H., 1905 Pholis gunnellus Smith, H. M., 1898a Phoreiobothrium exceptum parasite of Cestracion zygaena Linton, E., 1925 Phoreiobothrium lasium parasite of Carcharias obscurus Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 parasite of Prionace glauca Linton, E., 1898b Phoreiobothrium pectinatum parasite of Cestracion zygaena Linton, E., 1925 Phoreiobothrium triloculatum parasite of Carcharinus obscurus Linton, E., 1901b Phoresis Remora Spaeth, R. A., 1921 Phosphate seasonal cycle LiUick, L. C, 1937 Phosphorus cycle Renn, C. E., 1937 distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956a uptake by algae Kuenzler, E. J. & B. H. Ketchum, 1962 Photokinesis /Is ten as forbesi Rockstein, M. & M. Rockstein. 1957 Photoperiods Brown, F. A., Jr. &G.C. Stephens, 1951 Photosynthesis Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 benthic diatoms Taylor, W. R. & J. D. Palmer, 1963 titration alkalinity of sea water Taylor, W. R., I960 Phototaxis Palaemonetes Lyon, E. P., 1906b Phycis americanis Atwood, N. E., 1868 Phycis chuss temperature Kidder, J. H., 1879 Phycis tenuis host for Chondracanthus phycidis Rathbun, R., 1887a host for Filaria serrata Linton, E., 1901b Phyllobothria larvae, fish hosts of Linton, E., 1922d Phyllobothnum foliatum parasite of Dasyatis centrura Linton, E., 1898b (1897) parasite of Trygon centrura Linton, E., 1889-1891 Phyllobothrium loliginis parasite of Ommastrephes illecebrosus Linton, E., 1897 Phyllobothnum thysanocephalum classification Linton, E.. 1889 - 1891, 1892b parasite of Galeocerdo tigrinus Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 see also Thysanocephalum crispum Phyllobothrium tumidum parasite of Carcharodon carcharias Linton. E., 1922d parasite of Isurus dekayi Linton, E., 1922d Phyllodoc e catenula Verrill, A. E.. S. I. Smith &0. Harger, 1873 Phyllomitus salinus Lackey, J. B., 1940 Phyllophora brodiaec associated with Bryozoa Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Phyllophora membranifolia associated with Bryozoa Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Phylogeny Sanders, H. L., 1957 Actinozoa McMurnch, J. 1891a P., Physalta behavior feeding Gudger, E. W., 1942 carbon monoxide in float Wittenberg, J. B., 1958 gas content of float Safford, V., 1939 Physalia physalis feeding Lenhoff, H. M. & H. A. Schneiderman, 1959 Physeter { Dinoziphius) carolinensis fossil tooth Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 Physical oceanography Bigelow, H. B., 1927 Day, C. G., I960, 1%3 Seiwell, H. R., 1948 drift bottle records Bumpus, D. F., 1961 Bumpus, D. F. & C. G. Day, 1957 tides Redfield, A. C, 1953 Physiculus fulvus Bean, T. H.. 1885 Physiological ecology Skeletonema costatum Curl, H., Jr. Physiology David, C. N. &G. & C. McLeod, 1961 R. J. Conover, 1961 146 Phy siology Phytoplankton pigments Physiology algae Gifford, C. E. Yentsch, C. S. & E. P. Odum, 1961 & C. A. Reichert, 1963 unicellular McLachlan, 1961 J., Asterias forbesi Burnett, A. L., 1955, 1960 Asterias rubens Chambers, R., 1930 COt effect on Arbacia egg Haywood, C. & W. S. Root, 1930 copepod Anraku, M., 1964 Anraku, M. & M. Omori, 1963 Crepidula plana sexual changes Gould, H. N., 1949 digestive tract, elasmobranchs Sullivan, M. X., 1908 dinoflagellates Hochachka, P. W. & J. M. Teal, 1964 Dolichoglossus kowalowskyi light reactions, photoreceptors Hess, W. M., 1935 Ensis directus Drew, G. A., 1907b, 1908 fish temperatures Kidder, J. H., 1880 Gonionemus murbachii nervous system Yerkes, R. M., 1902b Metridium netabolic effects on feeding AUabach, L. P., 1905 Mnemiopsis leidyi Coonfield, B. R., 1934 Molgula manhattensis productivity Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 seasonal distribution Fish, C. J., 1925 Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Lillick, L. C, 1937 fluctuations Riley, G. A., 1947 production Clarke, G.L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 succession, ecological Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Pigments, chloroplastic & water-soluble yellow substances in algae Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1961- 1962 Pigments, plant chromatographic analysis Taylor, W. R. & C. D. Gebelein, 1964 of intertidal sediments Taylor, W. R. & C. D. Gebelein, 1964 phytoplankton Margelef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Pilinia minor Collins, F. S., 1908a Pilinia reinschii Collins, F. S., 1908a Pilumnus harrisii Lyman, T., 1861 Pinnixa development, larval Smith, S. x-rays Grosch, D. Nereis virens Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, I960 polysaccharides of Lewin, R. A., 1955 populations, experimental Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 S. & Z. H. Smith, 1957 salinity effects Langdon, F. E., 1900 Ostrea Galtsoff, P. S., 1929 phytoplankton Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Scopthalamus aquosus color change Scott, G. T., 1965 Synapta Clark, H. L., 1901 Phytoplankton Margalef, R., 1960b Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Yentsch, C. S. & J. H. Ryther, I959 chlorolphyll variation Yentsch, C. S. & J. H. Ryther, 1957 estuaries Hulburt, E. M., 1963 metabolism Clarke, G. L. & R. H. Oster, 1934 physiology Hellebust, J. A., 1965 Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 1., 1877- 1882b early stages Smith, S. I., 1877- 1882a Pinnixa chaetopterana Smith, S. I., 1877- 1882b commensalism Pearse, A. Pinnixa say ana S., 1913 Smith, S. I., 1877- 1882b Pinnotheres maculatus commensalism Pearse, A. S., 1913 commensal of Modiolus modiolus Cushman, J. A., 1906a reproduction Pearce, J. B., 1964 Pinnotheres maculatus larvae behavior Welsh, J. H., 1933 swimming rate Welsh, J. H., 1932 Pinnotheridae reproduction Pearce, J. B., 1964 Pinnularia Peck, J. I., 1896 Platyhelminthes 147 Plankton Pisces & Edwards, R. L., R. Livingstone P. E. Hamer, 1962 Goode, G. B., 1888 circulation effects upon Storer, D. H., 1839, 1844a, 1844b, 1846 1848a, 1867 Swain, J., 1883 Williams, G. C, 1960 Winthrop, J., 1670 acoustic orientation Moulton, J. M., 1963 Ryther, feeding distribution & Nichols, J. T. C. M. Breder, Jr., 1927 Massachusetts Gill, T., 1905 Nantucket Sharpe, B.& H. W. Fowler, 1904 Sumner, T. B., 1906a Osteichthyes Olsen, Y H. & D. Merriman, 1946 . parasites of Linton, E., 1889, 1891, 1892a, 1894, 1897. 1898a, 1898b, 1901a, 1901b, 1910a, 1910b, 1914, 1933, 1934c, 1942 physiology Sumner, F. B., 1906b temperatures Kidder, J. H., 1880 Pista intermedia Webster, H.E.& J. E. Benedict, 1884 Pista palmata tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 Placoid scales Squalus acanthius Sayles, L. P. & S. G. Hershkowitz, 1937 Placopecten magellanicus shell inclusions Merrill, A. S., 1960 Plagiostomum H. & R. R. L. GuiUard, Peck, J. L, 1896 mid depth Peck, J. I., 1896 morphology GuiUard, R. R. L. & J. 1962 H. Ryther, 1962 seasonal distribution Fish, C. J., 1925 oceanic seasonal distribution Fish, C. J., 1925 population of Oyster Pond Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 populational ecology Margalef, R., 1960a seasonal distribution. Woods Hole Fish, C. J., 1925 surface Peck, J. L, 1896 Planocera in qui Una Verrill, A. E., 1892-1895 development, larval Surface, F. M., 1907 parasite of Sycotypus canaliculatus Wheeler, W. M., 1894a Planocera nebulosa Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Plant community, Barnstable dunes ecology of salt spray flora Boyce, S. G., 1952, 1954 Plants J. H., Harshberger, J. W., 1914 vascular tidal marsh, beach & dune Moul, E. T., 1964 Platessa quadrocellata Storer, D. H., 1848b 1933 Plagiostomum mo rgam Graff, L.V., 1911 Plagiostomum stellatum Graff. L.V.. 1911 Plagiostomum whitmani Platoma Graff, L. v., 1911 Platybothrium parasite of Sphyma zygaena Linton, E., 1901a Graff, L. v., 1911 Planaria Verrill, A. E., A bairdii Taylor, W. R., 1941 Plagiostomum wilsoni Verrill, J. neretic osmosis behavior Welsh, Ketchum, B. H., 1954 copepods Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 decomposition in marine mud Renn, C. E., 1940 diatoms 1888-1892c E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 Plankton see also phytoplankton Bigelow, H. B., 1915, 1917, 1922, 1926, 1927 Bigelow, H. B. & M. Sears, 1939 Peck, J. I., 1896 Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 behavior Johnson, W. H. & J. E. G. Raymont, 1939 bottom Peck, J. I., 1896 Platybothrium cervinum parasite of Carcharias obscurus Linton. E., 1889-1391 Platybothrium parvum Linton, E., 1901b Platyhelminthes Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Hyman, L., 1952 Jones, E. R., 1938 Linton, E., 1887, 1889, 1892b, 1923 Martin, W. E., 1938 Miller, H. M., Jr. &F. E. Northup, 1926 Platyhelminthes 148 Platyhelminthes Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Provenzano, A. J., Jr., 1961 Stunkard, H. W., 1936, 1938, 1943, 1950a, 1950b, 1951, 1953, 1957, 1960, 1961, 1962a, 1962b, 1964 Stunkard, H. W. & R. M. Cable, 1932 Stunkard, H. W. & R. F. Nigrelli, 1930 Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Shaw, 1931 Vernll, A. E., 1882a, 1888-1892c, 1892-1895 behavior Wheeler, W. M., 1894a, 1894b feeding Jennings, J. B., 1957 commensalism C, 1903 Gardner, E. G., 1895 Martin, W. E., 1944 Patterson, J. T., 1912 Shaw, C. R., 1933 Surface, F. M., 1907 Curtis, W. Shaler, N.S., J. B. Woodworth C. F. Marbutt, 1896 Upham, W., 1899 Verrill, A. E., 1875 Wilson, J. H., 1906 Woodworth, J. B., 1897 formations, Nantucket Wilson, J. H., 1905 Zeigler, & H., 1939 C, 1911 Hunninen, A. V. & 1943a, 1943b R . M. Cable, 1940, Martin, W. E., 1939, 1940 morphology C, 1908 new species Graff, L.V., 1911 parasitic Cable, R. M., 1954 Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942 Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 Groto, S., 1899 Linton, E., 1889, 1891, 1898b, 1898c, 1905, 1907a, 1907b, 1907c, 1915c, 1915d, 1921, 1922a, 1922c, 1922d, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1934a, 1934b, 1941, 1942 Manter, H. W., 1926 Platymonas physiology Hulburt, E. M., 1963 McLachlan, J., 1961 Platymonas subcordiformis Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1921 polysaccharides of Lewin, R. A., 1955 Platynereis magalops breeding habits Just, E. E., 1914 Platyonichus ocellatus behavior Chidester, F. E., 1911 host for Carcinonemertes carcinophila Coe, W. R., 1902a, 1902b larvae I., 1873 J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. S. S. Giese, 1964 Holocene Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 mollusks Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1964 history Smith, S. F., 1884, 1885 Koteff, C. & J. E. Cotton, 1962 Sayles, R. W. & A. S. Knox, 1943 Tasha & G. Bush, L., 1964 Curtis, W. Fuller, M. L., 1906b Koons, B. Woodworth, J. B., 1900 geology of Cape Cod distribution Curtis, W. T., 1861 Desor, E., 1851c horse development life Lyman, Pleistocene fossils Linton, E., 1910c Hyman, L. Platyonichus ocellatus paleoeology Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 palynology Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1959 post-Pleistocene deposits & fossils Merrill, F., 1896 sea levels Horner, N. G., 1929 western Cape Cod Mather, K.F.. R. P. Goldthwait & L. R. Thiesmeyer, 1940 Pleolpidium ( Rozella ) marinum Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Pleurabrachia rhododactyla Agassiz, A., 1862 Pleuromamma physiology R aymont, J. E. G. & R 1961 Pleuronectes americanus morphology Bumpus, H. C, 1898d Pleuronectes dentata stomach contents Gould, A. A., 1841 Pleuronectidae Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Acanthocephala Linton, E., 1898a Pleuronema setigera Calkins. G. N., 1902 Pleurosigma Peck, J. I., 1896 Pleurotoma decussata Couthouy, J. P., 1839 Pleurotoma plicata Adams, C. B., 1841a Pliocene Woodworth, J. B., 1897 . J. Conover, Polychaeta 149 Plumulana arborea Desor, E., 1851a Plumularia polynema Fraser, C. M.. 1943 Plumularia tenella VerriU, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger. 1873 breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 Pneumatophorus grex host for Lepocreadium retrusum Linton, E., 1942 Pocassett tidal marsh, Cyathura polita migrations Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & J. R. Comer, 1964 Pocasset River faunal distribution Sanders, H. L., P. C. Mangelsdorf G. R. Hampson, 1965 & salinity Sanders, H. L., P. C. Mangelsdorf G. R. Hampson, 1965 & Podark e caeca Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict. 1884 Podarke obscura VerriU, A. E., S. I. Smith &0. Harger, 1873 Podocoryne camea commensal on Nassa Crowell, S., trivittata 1945 sex cells, origin Bunting, M., 1894 Podocotyle atomos Linton, E., 1934c life history Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1943b Podoctyle olssoni Linton, E., 1934c parasite of Microgadus tomcod Manter, H. W., 1926 Podon leuckarti Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Podophyra gracilis Calkins, G. N., 1902 Poeciliidae Smith, H. M., 1898a Pogonias cromis Smith, H. M., 1898a Pogonophora Siboglinum Wigley, R. L., 1963b fill forme Schuh, R. E., 1900a Pogotrichum Point Gammon Chute, N. E., 1939 Polina glutinosa VerriU, A. E., S. 1. Smith &0. Harger, 1873 Polinices locomotion, muscular & ciliary Copeland, M., 1922 predator of Mya arenaria Turner, H. J., Jr., et al, 1948 Polinices duplicatus development, larval Hanks, J. E., 1963 Polinices duplicatus feeding habits Hanks, nutrition & J. E., 1952 callus color Turner, H. reproduction Hanks, J., Jr., J. E., 1958* 1957, 1963 Polinices heros feeding habits Hanks, J. E., 1952 Polinices triseriata reproduction Hanks, J. E., 1957 Pollachius carbonarius temperature Kidder. J. H., 1879 Pollachius virens Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards. 1901 feeding Herrick, C. J., 1903 host for Ascaris clavata Linton. E., 1901a host for Distomum ocreatum Linton, E., 1901a host for Octobothrium Linton, E.. 1901a parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Pollution Arcisz, W.. E. Wattie & J. L. Dallas, 1953 Kelly, C. B.. 1950 effect on Uca Claff, C. L., et al, 1958 sewage Belding, D. L., 1930 shellfish Belding, D. L., 1930 Polyandrocarpa larval metamorphosis Grave, C. 1941b Polychaeta Copeland, M., 1935 Lewis. M.. 1897 Lyman, T., 1861 Moore. J. P., 1900 Pettibone, M. H., 1963 Plaine, H. L., 1952 Turner, H. J., Jr. &J. E. Hanks, 1959 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 VerriU, A. E.. 1880-1886, 1882a Webster, H. E. ,fc J. E. Benedict, 1884 Wells, G. P., 1961 Welsh, J. H., 1933 autecology Rankin, J. S., Jr., 1946 behavior Copeland, M., 1930 Hargitt, C. W., 1906a, 1909a, 1910 Just, E. E.. 1914 Lillie. F. R. & E. E. Just. 1913 Miner, R. W., 1912 Mortensen, E. & P. S. Galtsoff, 1944 Scott, J. W., 1909, 1911 Waterman, A. J., 1934 Yerkes, A. W., 1906 Polychaeta 150 Polydora ciliata infesting Pecten irradians Polychaeta behavior feeding & H. L. Wieman, 1924 Faulkner, G. H., 1931 Gross, A. C, 1921 Copeland, M. breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Thompson, M. T., 1899 cytogeny Wilson, E. B., 1892 development Allyn, H. M., 1912 Child. C. M.. 1900 Mensch, P. C, 1900 Schively, M. A., 1897 early Mead, A. D., 1897 Turner, H. J., Jr. & J. E. Hanks, 1959 Polydora co Ionia Moore, J. P., 1907b Polydora concharum Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Polydora ligni behavior Mortensen, E. & P. S. Galtsoff, 1944 tube building habits Mortensen, E. & P. S. Galtsoff, 1944 Polydora tubifex Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Polygordidae Moore, J. P., 1904 Polyknkos hartmanni Hulburt, E. M., 1957 larval Campbell, M. A., 1957 Polyknkos lebourae distribution Hartman, 0., 1942a hermaphroditism Gregory, L. H., 1905 heliotropism, larval Kanda, S., 1919 morphology Langdon, F. E., 1900 new species Moore, J. P., 1903a, 1905a, 1906, 1907a, 1907b Pettibone, M. H., 1955, 1956 parasites of Calkins, G. N., 1915 Linton, E., 1915d Martin, W. E., 1944 parasitic Allen, M. J., 1952 pelagic Moore, J. P., 1903b regeneration Smith, S. D., 1963 reproduction Martin, E. A., 1933 salinity influences Sayles, L. P., 1935 tolerance to low salinity Pearse, A. S., 1928 seasonal distribution Fish, C. J., 1925 Polychoerus caudatus development, early Gardner, E. G., 1895 Polycladida Hyman, L. H., 1939 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Wheeler, W. M., 1894a Polycystis mamertina Jones, E. R., 1938 Polydactylus octonemus Smith, H. M., 1898a Poly dor a anoculata Moore. J. P., 1907b Polydora ciliata Plaine, H. L., 1952 Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Polyknkos schwartzi Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Polylaimium exile Cobb, N. A., 1920 Polymastia andrica de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Polymorphism Dodecaceria Martin, E. A., 1933 Polynoe Lyman, T., 1861 Polynoidae new species Pettibone, M. H., 1955 Polyonyx macrocheles commensalism Pearse, A. S., 1913 Polyplacophora behavior, spawning Grave, B. H., 1922 Polypnon americanus Gray, G. M., 1934 Polysigma uniform.e Cobb, N. A., 1920 Polysiphonia fastigata development with holdfasts Derick, C. M., 1899 epiphytic on Ascophyltum nodosum Collins. F. S., 1914 Polysiphonia violacea development of holdfasts Derrick, C. M., 1899 Polysiphonia novae - angliae Taylor, W. R., 1937 Polysiphonia vestita Collins, F. S., 1896 Polysiphonia violacea life history Lewis, I. F., 1912, 1914 Yamanouchi, S., 1906-1Q07 Polyzoa Verrill, A. E., saltatrix 1880-1886 Pomatomus Atwood, N. E., 1865 Poronotus triacanthus 151 Pomatomus saltatrix Backus, R. H., 1962 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Smith, H. M., 1898a food of Peck, J. 1., 1896 host for Distomum ocreatum Linton, E., 1898c host for Echinorhynchus sagittifer Linton, E., 1889 host for Octobothrium dipsacum Linton, E., 1897 host for Rhynchobothrium Linton, E., 1887 host for Rhynchobothrium bisulcatum larvae Linton, E., 1889 host for Rhynchobothrium bulbijer Linton, E., 1897 Pontella meadii Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Pontellopsis regalis Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Pontisma lagenidioides Sparrow, p. K., Jr., 1936 Pontobdella rapax Verrill. A. E., S. \. Smith Pontocypris edwardsi Cushman, J. A.. 1906b Popponesset Bay Poraminifera Parker, P. L. Linton, E., 1901a temperature Kidder, J. H., 1879 Pomatomus saltatus host for Lemanthropus pomatomi Rathbun, R., 1888 Pomolobus food of Phoca vitulina concolor Griffin, D. R., 1936 Pomolobus aestivalis Powler, H. W., 1917 development, larval Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 embryology Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 host for Chloromyxum clupeidea Hahn, C. W., 1918 migration, orientation Collins, G. B., 1952 Pomolobus mediocris Powler, H. W., 1917 Pomolobus pseudoharengus Powler, H. W., 1917 fishery Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 host for Chloromyxum clupeidea Hahn, C. W., 1918 migration, orientation Collins, G. B., 1952 & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Populations, diversity phytoplankton Hulburt, E. M., 1963 Populational ecology Arbacia Allee, W. C. & G. Evans, 1937b Arbacia punctulata Allee, W. C. & G. Evans, 1937a Cyathura polita in tidal marshes & estuaries Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 zooplankton Barlow, J. P., 1955 endemic Barlow, J. P., 1952 Population movements Cyathura polita, Pocasset marsh Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske &J. R. Comer, 1964 Populations, experimental phytoplankton Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Porania spinulosa Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Porcellio scaber embryology McMurrich, J. P., 1895 Poreponides lateralis Parker, P. L., 1952 Porifera de Laubenvels, M. W., 1949 Desor, E., 1851e Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Pond studies dissolved carbohydrate Walsh, G. E., 1964, 1965a Great Pond Barlow, J. P., 1952, 1955 algae Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 phosphorus distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956a phytoplankton, seasonal distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956b oxygen production Whiteley, G. C, Jr., 1960 Oyster Pond, Palmouth Walsh, G. E., 1965b Harger. parasite of Stenotomus chrysops Linton, E., 1901b natural history Baird, S. P., 1873b parasites of &0. 1873 parasite of Paralichthys dentatus Linton, E., 1901b fossil Verrill, A. E., 1875 new species Hyatt, A., 1878 Poronotus triacanthus development, larval Kuntz, A.& L. Radcliffe, 1917 embryology Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 host for a fungoid parasite Linton, E., 1936 host for Otobothrium crenacollae Linton, E., 1907b rheotaxis Lyon, E. P., 1905 Porphyra umbilicalis 152 Porphyra umbilicalis Collins, F. S., Prionotus carolinus host for Distomum Linton, E., 1901a morphology, optic 1918 Porphyridium cruentum polysaccharides of Lewin, R. A., 1955 Portuguese Man-of-War see Physalia Potamilla oculifera behavior Hargitt, C. W., 1906a Prasiola stipitata Lewis. I. F.. 1916 Collins, F. S., 1916 Praunus flexuosus Wigley, R. L., 1963a Parker, G. H., 1903 parasites Linton, E., 1901a Prionotus evolans Verrill, A. E., 1897 bio-acoustics Moulton, J. M., 1956, 1958 Prionotus palmipes Verrill, A. E., 1897 Prionotus strigatus Smith, H. M., 1898a behavior Parker, G. H., 1912 Procerodes ulvae Prawns see Palaemonetes Praxillella tricirrata Moore, Praxillura 1906 P., J. morphology omata Curtis, W. Hartman, 0., 1942b VerriU, A. E., 1880-1SS6 Predators of shellfish Curtis, W. Hanks, J. E., 1957 Prepinus viticetensis Jeffrey, E. C, 1910 Preservation, marine organisms Russell, H. D. Pressure & 1908 C, 1908 Productivity M. R. Carriker, 1963 Walsh, G. E., 1965a, 1965b Oyster Pond Walsh, G. E., 1965b phytoplankton Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 rocky intertidal zones Fucus Brown, F. A., C, Procerodes wheatlandi morphology Jr., H. M. Webb & W. J. Brett, 1958 high Gilford. C. E. Proglottid, cestode & E. P. Odum, 1961 abnormal effect on development Draper, W. J. & D. J. Edwards, 1932 Priacanlhus arenatus Smith, H. M., 1898a Priapulu s pygmaeus Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Primary productivity Bachmann, R. W. & E. P. Odum, 1960 Pnngsheimia scutata Collins, F. S., 1908b epiphytic on Zostera marina Collins, F. S., 1891 Prionace glauca Bigelow, H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1940 host for Anthobothrium laciniatum Linton, E., 1898b host for Orygmatobolhrium angustum Linton, E., 1898b, host for Phoreiobothrium lasium Linton, E., 1898b Prionospio heterobranchia Moore, J. P., 1907b Prionotus carolinus Smith, H. M., 1898a behavior Parker, G. H., 1912 bio-acoustics Moulton, J. M., 1956, 1958 development, larval Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 embryology Kuntz, A. feeding Herrick, & C L. Radcliffe, 1917 J., 1903 Linton, E., 1907a Prognichthys gibbifrons Rogers, C. H., 1938 Propagation, soft shell clam Turner, H. J., Jr., 1949a Prorocentrum minimum Hulburt, E. M., 1963 Prosthecocotyle monticellii parasite of Globicephalus melus Linton, E., 1924 Protelphidium tisburyense Parker, F. & L. W. D. Athearn, 1960 Proteocephalus parasite of Zygonectes diaphanus Linton, E., 1941 Proteocephalus macrocephalus parasite of Anguilla rostrata Linton, E., 1941 Proteonina Parker, F. L., 1952 Proteonina atlantica Cushman, J. A., Phleger, F. B. & 1944 W. R. Walton, 1950 Protiara h aec keli Hargitt, C. W., 1902b Protochordata Bancraft, F. W., 1904 Desor, E., 1851d Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912a, Verrill, A. E., 1871a, 1871b 1907-1912b 153 Psammon Protochordata behavior Grave, C, 1941a Watterson, R. L., 1945 larval Grave, C, 1920 Woodbridge, H., 1924 Protozoa new species Butcher, W. S., 1948 Faure-Fremiet, E., 1937, 1951a Lackey, J. B., 1960 Root, F. M., 1922 parasitic development Calkins, G. N., 1915 Bertholf, L. M., 1945 Bertholf, L.M. & S. 0. Mast, 1944 Scott, F. M., Sister, 1942, 1945, 1952 fertilization Morgan, T. H., 1941 fossil Desor, E., 1851c fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 larval metamorphosis Grave, C, 1941b morphology Hunter, G. W., 1898 Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Willey, A., 1901 physiology Grosch, D. S. & Z. H. Smith, 1957 Protohaustorius deichmannae Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Protohaustorius wigleyi Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Protomyrxa-\ike parasite of Bryopsis Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Protostigmata Molgula manhattensis Willey, A., 1901 Protozoa Andrews, E. A., 1942 Cushman, J. A., 1920 Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Lackey, J. B., 1936 Margalef, R., 1960a Hahn, C. W., 1915, 1917, 1918 Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Kudo, R., 1923 Linton, E., 1901b Renn, C. E., 1935, 1936b Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 Penikese Island Croasdale, H., 1948 Zinn, D. J., 1954 physiology Hochachka, P. W. & J. M. Teal, 1964 Poponessett Bay Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Woods Hole Calkins, G. N., 1902 J. B., 1936 seasonal distribution Fish, C. J., 1925 Lackey, Provincetown Graham, J. D., 1838 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954 Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1961 earthquake Leet, L., 1935 fish-eating cows of Hinckley, I., 1882 fauna Rathbun, R., 1881 mollusks Winkley, H. W., 1907 flora & Polychaeta Lidz, L., 1965 excystation Trager, W., 1957 geotropism Kanda, S., 1914 Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 sand dunes & grain sizes Lutz, H. J., 1941 Smith, H. T. & C. Messinger, 1959 shore line topography Whiting, H., 1867 Provincetown Highland beach studies Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954 Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Zeigler, J. M. & S. D. Tuttle, 1961 shore line geology Marindin, H. L., 1890 Provincetown Hook age & development Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1965 Proxenetes modestus Graff. L. v., 1911 morphology Psammon Parker, F. L., 1952 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Rudzinska, M. A., 1947, 1952 Verrill, A. E., 1873 Wenrich, D. H., 1928 Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 development Faure-Fremiet, E., 1930 Summers, F. M., 1938 distribution Lackey,!. distribution B., 1940 & ecological Lackey, J. B., factors 1938 foraminifera Cushman, J. A., 1908, 1944 Nie, D., 1947 new species Beltran, E., 1933 Bullington, W. E., 1939 Pennak, R. W., 1942a new species Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951a i Psammoleptastacus arenaridus Psammoleptastacus arenaridus Pennak, R. W., 1942a, 1942b 154 Psorosperms on Cyprinodon variegatus Psammolittoral Linton, E., 1891 Nematoda distribution Pterophryne histrio Cobb, N. A., 1929 Psammonsella nobskae Hag, J.. 1965 Psammotopa vulgaris Pennak, R. W., 1942a, 1942b Pseudocalanus minutus distribution Buzzards Bay Anraku, M., 1962 grazing Anraku, M., 1964 respiration Anraku, M., 1964 Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 Pseudocy there tta edwardsii Cushman, J. A., 1906b Pseudodiaptomus coronatus Smith, H. M., 1898a Pteroplatea altavela Coker, R. E., 1922 Pteroplatea maclura Smith, H. M., 1898a Pteropoda behavior Hsiao, S. C, 1939 Ptilanthura Harger, 0., 1878 Ptilanthura tenuis Harger, 0., 1880a Purple sea urchins see Arbacia punctulata Purpura lapillus Adams, C. Buzzards Bay Anraku, M., 1962 Pseudoeponides anderseni Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Pseudohaustorius borealis Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Pseudohaustoriu s caroliniensis Bousfield, E. L., 1965 Pseudopleuronectes americanus Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 development Sullivan, W. E., 1915 1839a Winkley, H. W., 1907 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 distribution B., Purpura lapillus Pycnogonida Dawson, A. B., 1934 Wilson, E. B., 1880 behavior Cole, L. feeding Cole, L. J., 1901 J., 1906 morphology Cole, L. J., 1910 symbiosis with Hydrozoa Cole, L. J., 1910 Pycnogonum littorale Wilson, E. B., 1880 Pylaiella littoralis epiphytic on Laminaria longicruris Collins, F. S., 1914 Prymnesium parvum larval stages Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922b exchange by tidal currents Williams, G. C, 1960 fishery Matthiessen, G C. & R. C. Toner, . 1963 Pearlmutter, A., 1947 food of Linton, E., 1922b host for Echinorhynchus acus Linton, E., 1889 host for Myxobolus pleuronectidae Hahn, C. W., 1917b morphology Williams, S. R., 1902 optic Parker, G. H., 1903 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a, 1922b Hulburt, E. M., 1963 Pyramidella Bartsch, P., 1907-1912 Pyramidella ( Sulcorinella ) bartsch Winkley. H. W., 1909 1912 Pyramidellida (Symola) fusca WinWey, H. W., 1912 Pyramidellida producta Winkley, H. W., 1912 Pyramidellidae Bartsch, P., 1907, 1912 Winkley, H. W., 1909 Pyramis fusca Adams, C. B., 1839a, 1839b Pyura Van Name, W. G., 1907-1912b Pyrula canaliculata Adams, C. B., 1839a . habits Lyman, spawning Breder, C. M., Jr., 1922a Adams, C. Pseudopolymorphina novangliae Parker, F. L., 1952 Pseudopriacanlhus altus Schroeder, W. C, 1937 Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1899a, 1902b T., 1861 Pyrula carica B., 1839a Quahog see Mercenaria Quahog Pond oxygen production Whiteley, G. C, Jr., 1960 Remora 155 Quenmana gyrans Kendall, W. C. & H. M. Smith, 1894 Quick's Hole Davis, B. M., 1913b Quinqueloculina seminula Parker, F. L., 1952 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Quinqueloculina seninula var. jugosa Parker, F. L., 1952 Quintanus tenellus Wilson, C. B., 1932 Quissett Chamaecyparis bog, tidal Bartlett, H. H.,1909, 1911 subsisdence, postglacial Bartlett, H.H., 1909, 1911 Race Point beach studies Zeigler, J. M., 1960 geomorphology Miller, R. L. ^ J. M. Zeigler, 1964 J. M. Zeigler, 1964 nearshore processes Miller, R. L.& Raia erinacea host for Echeneibothrium variabile Linton, E., 1898b host for Rhynchobothrhim imparispine Linton, E., 1898b parasites of Linton, E., 1901a physiology digestive tract Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Ra\a laevis Carman, S. W., 1875 host for Distomum veliporum Linton, E., 1898c host for Otodistomum cestoides Linton. E., 1934c Ra]a ocellata Fowler, H. W., 1917 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Raja senta Carman. S.. 1886 Ra\a stabuliforis Radcliffe, L., 1928 sediments Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1964 & J. M. Zeigler, 1964 water movement Miller, R. L. Rachycentron canadum Smith, H. M., 1899a U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 host for Ascaris inquies Linton, E., 1901b Radiata Verrill, A. E., 1873 morphology Cudger, E. W., 1933 Rands Harbor Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce &C. C. Whiteley, Jr., 1956 oyster growth Pierce, M. E. & J. E. Currier, 1951, 1952 Ranella caudata Adams, C. B., 1839a, Radioactive algae Blake, J. W., 1961 Radiocarbon dating Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 Raft culture of oysters Shaw, W. N., 1962 Raft grown oysters Shaw, W. N., 1963 Rathbunula agilis Rag worms Red-jointed fiddler crabs see ilea minax see Nereis ( several species) Rahidae Wilson, C. B., 1932 Rathbunula curticauda Wilson, C. B., 1932 Razor clams see Ensis Reclaimation of sand dunes Westgate, J., 1904 Red sponges Smith, H. M., 1898a Raia eglantena Schroeder, W. 1839b C, 1933 Raia erinacea host for Echeneibothrium vanabile Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Rhynchobothnum impanspine Linton, E., 1889-1891 temperature Kidder, J. H., 1879 Rata laevis temperature Kidder, J. H., 1879 Raia ocellata host for Trypanosoma raiae Kudo, R., 1923 Raja eglantena Carman, S. W., 1875 Ra\a erinacea Fowler, H. W., 1917 see Microciona prolifera Reforestation Chrysler, M. A., 1905 Regeneration Gonionema Hargitt, C. T., 1902c inhibition of in Clymenella torquata Smith, S. D., 1963 Tubularia Coldin, A., 1942 Remanea plumosa Pennak, R. W., 1942a Remanella obtusa Faure-Fremiet. E. M.. 1951a Remipes morphology Smith. S. I., 1874-1878 Remora Spaeth, R. A., 1921 156 Remora remora Remora remora host for Distomum lageniforme Respiration Linton, E., 1898c host for Distomum monticellii Linton, E., 1898c Reophax arctica Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Reophax curtus Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Reophax dentaliniformis Parker, F. L., 1952 Webb, H. M. & F. A. Brown, Respiratory movements Hyde, 1. H., 1894 Reophax nana Cobb, N. A., 1920 Rhabdonia tenera development of hold fasts Parker, F. L., 1952 Reophax scottii Phleger, Reophax E B. & L.& W. D. Athearn, 1959 Amphitrite omata Scott, J. W., 1909, 1911 Arbacia punctulata Palmer, L., 1935 Barentsia laxa Rogick, M. D., 1945, 1949 Botfyllus schlosseri Watterson, R. L., 1945 Dodececaria fimbriatus asexual Martin, E. A., 1933, 1936 Gonionemus murbachii effect on light on spawning Rugh, R., 1929 Pinnotheres Pearce, J. B., 1964 Polinices Hanks, J. E., 1957 Polinices duplicatus Hanks, J. E., 1963 Sabellaria vulgaris Waterman, A. J., 1934 see spawning Squalus Hisaw, F. L. & A. Albert, 1947 Xiphias gladius Lee, R. E., 1942 Reptilia Bangs, 0., 1897 Resources, marine Barnstable County Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Respiration Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1963 Copepoda Anraku, M., 1964 planktonic Raymont, J. E. G.. 1959 intestinal Chaetopterus variopedatus Faulkner, G. H., 1931 Pecten Van Dam, L., 1954 planktonic diatoms Ryther, J. H. & R. R. L. Guillard, 1962 salinity Metridium marginatum Shoup, C. S.. 1932 1958 Linton, E., 1910c development Patterson, J. T., 1912 Rhabdocoma americanum Derick, C. M., 1899 life Repopulation of intertidal zones Fahey, E. M., 1947 Reproduction Jr., Rhabdocoela commensalism W. R. Walton, 1950 sp. Parker, F. Uca history Osterhout, W. J. V., 1896 Rhadinocladi a farlowii Schuh, R. E., 1900a Rhegmatodes tenuis Hargitt, C. W., 1908 morphology, variations Hargitt, C. W. 1905b Rheotaxis in Osteichthys Lyon, E. P., 1905 Rhinebothrium classification Linton, E., 1889 Rhinebothrium cancellatum parasite of Rhinoptera quadriloba Linton, E., 1889-1891 Rhinebothrium flexile parasite of Trygon centrura Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Rhinebothrium longicolle parasite of Myliobatis freminvillei Linton, E., 1889-1891 parasite of Rhinoptera bonasus Linton, E., 1889-1891 Rhinebothrium maccallum parasite of Dasybatis centrura Linton, E., 1925 Rhinonemus cimbrius Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Rhinoptera bonasus Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Rhynchobothrium agile Linton, E., 1898b host for Rhynchobothrium brevispine Linton, E.. 1898b host for Rhynchobothrium longicolle Linton, E., 1898b host for Tetrarhynchus robustum Linton, E., 1898b Rhinoptera quadriloba host for Rhinebothrium cancellatum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Tylocephalum pingue Linton, E., 1889-1891 Rhizocephala Reinhard, E. G., 1946 Rhizophidium discinctum Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Rhizophidium globosum Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Rhizosolenia i distribution Peck, J. I., 1896 Rhynchobothrium lon^icorne 157 Rhopalaura Rhizosolenia setigera respiration & Ryther, temperature J. H. & R. R. L. GuiUand, 1962 Rhizostoma pulmo morphology, variations Hargitt, C. W., 1905c Rhodacaropsis inexpectatus Hag, J., 1965 Rhodacarus pallidas Hag, J., 1965 Rhodochorton rothii epiphytic on Laminaria longicruris Collins, F. S., 1914 Rhodobothrium pulvinatum anatomy Linton, E., 1889 Rhododermis georgii Collins, F. S., 1906 Rhodomelia virgata Collins, F. 1896 S., Rhodomonas minuta seasonal distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Rhodophyta Collins, F. S., 1906, 1918 Taylor, W. R.,1937, 1941 Yamanouchi, 1906-1907 S., alternation of generations Lewis, development F., 1912 \. Chester, G. D., 1896 holdfasts Derick, C. M., 1899 distribution Cleland, R. E., 1918 Collins, F. S., 1896 drifting Collins. F. life 1914 S., history Lewis, F., 1909 I. new species Collins, F. S., 1908c Jao, C. C, 1936 Rhodospermeae Jordan, D. 1874 S., Rhodymenia palmata Collins, F. S., 1914 Rhodymeniales development of holdfasts Derick, C. M., 1899 Rhombognathides seahami anaerobiosis Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1959 Rhombognathides Hag, J., 1965 Rhombus paru Smith, H. M., 1898a Rhombus tnacanthus Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Distomum gulosum Linton, E., 1901b parasites of Linton, E., 1901a sporocyst of Linton, E., 1901b parasite of Amphiphorus ochraceus Meinkoth, VI. A., 1956 Rhynchobodo agilis Lackey, J. B., 1940 Rhynchobolus dibranchiatus behavior Miner, R. W., 1912 Rhynchobothrium larvae Linton, E., 1894, 1897 Pomatomus saltatrix Linton, E., 1887 Rhynchobothrium agile parasite of Rhinoptera bonasus Linton, E., 1898b Rhynchobothrium bisulcatum classification Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 parasite of Carcharias obscurus Linton, E., 1889 see also Tetrarhynchobothrium bisulcatum Linton, E., 1889 Rhynchobothrium brevispine parasite of Rhinootera bonasus Linton. E., 1898b Rhynchobothrium bulbifei Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 parasite of Alutera schoepfii Linton, E., 1897 parasite of Mustelus cams Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b Rhynchobothrium heterospine parasite of Anguilla rostrata Linton, E., 1897 parasite of Mustelus canis Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Rhynchobothrium hispidum parasite of Trygon centrura Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Rhynchobothrium imparispine Linton, E., 1897, 1934c parasite of Raja erinacea Linton. E.. 1889-1891. 1898b larvae in Scomber scombrus Linton, E., 1923 parasite of Raja ocellata Linton, E., 1914 Rhynchobothrium ingens parasite of Carcharhinus obscurus (shark) Linton, E.. 1 92_1 Rhynchobothrium insigne parasite of Carcharhinus commersonii Linton, E., 1925 Rhynchobothrium lomentaceum parasite of Mustelus canis Linton, E., 1889-1891 Rhynchobothrium lo ngicome Linton. E.. 1889-1891 parasite of Carcharias littoralis Linton, E., 1898b parasite of Odontaspis littoralis Linton, E., 1889-1891 Rhynchobothrium longispine 158 Rocinela americana Rhynchobothrium longispine parasite of Trygon centrura Linton, E.. 1889-1891 Rhynchobothrium speciosum Harger, O., 1880b Rock crabs see Cancer Rocks Linton, E., 1897 physical factors & animal distribution Allee, W. C, 1922c, 1923b Rhynchobothrium tenuicolle classification Linton, E., 1889 parasite of Mustelus canis Linton, E., 1889 - 1891 see also Rhynchobothrium bulbifer Rhynchobothrium tenuispine parasite of Dasyatis centrura Linton, E., 1898b parasite of Trygon centrura Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Rhynchobothrium tumidulum parasite of Dasyatis centrura Linton, E., 1898b parasite of Mustelus canis Linton, E., 1889-1891 Rhynchobothrium wagneri parasite of Trygon centrura Linton, E., 1889-1891 Rhynchocoela Coe, W. R., 1899 Meinkoth, M. A., 1956 Ropes, J. W., 1963 Thompson, C. Rock slaters see Ligia Rossia hyatti Verrill, A. E., 1880 Rotalia beccarii Parker, F. L., 1952 Rotalia beccarii var. sobrina Parker, F. L., 1952 Rotalia beccarii var. tepida Parker, F. L., 1952 Running activity Lunar periodocity & Verrill, A. E., S. Sabella picta Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill, A. E., S. 1897 Hiirstadius, S., 1937 S. C. Ball, 1920 Coe, W. R., 1895 parasites of Malacostraca Coe, W. R., 1902a, 1902b Ropes, J. W., 1963 Ribbed mussels see Modiolus demissus Ribbon worms see Nemertea Robinsons Hole Davis, B. M., 1913b Roccus americanus host for Echinorhynchus agilis Linton, E., 1892a host for Echinorhynchus thecatus Linton, E., 1892a Roccus lineatus Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 host for Distomum rufoviride Linton, E., 1898c host for Distomum tenue Linton, E., 1898c host for Echinorhynchus proteus Linton, E., 1889, 1892a (1891), 1894, 1898a Roccus saxatilis, fishery & R. C. Toner, 1963 L Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 reproduction Waterman, A. Sabinea sarsii new species Matthiessen, G. C. Rocinela Harger, O., 1880b 0. Harger, Hargitt, C. W., 1906a hermaphroditism Gregory, L. H., 1905 classification & L Smith & 1873 behavior 1888-1892b anatomy Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Jr., F. A. Brown, Jr., Hartman, 0., 1942a B., 1900a. 1900b Montgomery, T. H., development pugnax Sabella microphthalma Verrill, A. E., morphology Coe, W. R. ilea Bennett, M. F. 1959a, 1959b J., 1934 Smith, S. L, 1878-1882 Sagartia abyssicola Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Sagartia leucolena behavior Hargitt, C. W., 1907 Sagartia luciae Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Verrill, A. E., 1898 behavior Hargitt, C. W., 1907 winter effects on Parker, G. H., 1919 Sagartia modest a Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Sagitta host for Distomum ocreatum Linton, E., 1927 Sagitta elegans Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 Salinity Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 Bigelow, H. B., 1915, 1917, 1922, 1927 Bigelow, H. B. & M. Sears, 1935 Day, C. G., 1963 Sandy Neck 159 Salt Salinity Deevey, G. Fish, C. J., 1925, 1928 Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch & J. Cole distribution Pocasset River Salt & Pond Dinophyceae, unarmoured Hulburt, E. M., 1957 phytoplankton effect Hulburt, E. M., 1963 algal physiology McLachlan, J., Salt 1961 AUee, W. C, ponds Copepoda animal distribution Cobb, N. A., 1928 1922c, 1923b fish Nematoda Sumner, F. B., 1906b Polinices feeding Hanks, J. E., 1952 parasites Cobb, N. A., 1928 Salt spray Shoup, C. S., 1932 estuary Barlow, J. P., 1955, 1956 Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Whiteley, G. C, Jr., 1956 influence on Nereis Sayles, L. P., 1935 interstitial water & mud Siever, R., R. M. Garrels, J. Kanwisher R. A. Berner, 1961 seawater Page, 1. H., 1927, 1928 tolerance to, Merostomata Pearse, A. S., 1928 tolerance to, Oligochaeta Pearse, A. S., 1928 Salmo salar Smith, H. M., 1898a Salvelinus Thompson, in Cobb, N. A., 1928 respiration J. H., 1881 Salvelinus fontinalis Smith, H. M., 1898a Verrill, A. E., 1897 fishery Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 MuUan, J. W., 1958 Salpa caboti Desor, E., 1851d Salpa cordiformis morphology Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Salpa cylindrica morphology Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Salpidae morphology Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Salt W. R. Walton, 1950 Wieser, W. & J. Kanwisher, 1961 nudibranch fauna Russell, H. D., 1946 peat sediments Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962c, 1962b terrestrial heat-flow Redfield, A. C, 1965b, 1965c & Sanders, H. L., P. C. Mangelsdorf G. R. Hampson, 1965 & Malaclemys terrapin Bangs, 0., 1897 nematode ecology H. C. McMillin, H. C, 1930 Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 Parker, F. L., 1952 Scheltema, R. S., 1965 Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. B. M. Davis, 1913 density U. S. Fish Commission, 1898 marsh Foraminifera Phleger, F. B. B., 1948 marsh Foraminifera Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 plant community ecology Barnstable Dunes Boyce, S. G., 1952, 1954 Sand flying beach erosion by Julien, A. A., 1902 grain sizes & Lutz. H. J., 1941 movements Mitchell, H., 1887 plains, outer Cape Grabau, A. W., 1879 Sand crabs see Emerita talpoida Sand dollars see Echinarachnius parma Sand dune plants Moul, E. T., 1964 Sand dunes Provincetown Lutz, H. J., 1941 reclamation Westgate, J. M., 1904 Sand moles see Emerita talpoida Sand shrimp see Crangon Sand spit Barnstable Redfield, A. C, 1965a Sandy Neck beach studies Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954 Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Zeigler, J. M., et al, 1961 Sankaty Head, Nantucket 160 Sankaty Head, Nantucket Sciaenops ocellatus fossils Wilson, J. H., 1905 Smith, H. M., 1898a Scianidae Smith, H. M., 1898a Pleistocene Cushman, 1904b, 1905, 1906c post Pleistocene deposits & fossils Merrill, F., 1896 Sapphirina gemma Sharpe ,R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Saprolaelaps subtil is Hag, J., 1965 Sarcodina Cushman, J. A., 1920 Parker, F. L., 1952 Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Foraminifera Lidz, L., 1965 J. A., 1888 Ryder, J. A., 1892 1923 Coker, R. E., 1924 FISH HAWK 1880, 1881, 1882 Rathbun, R., 1883 1886 Smith, R., HALYCON Anonymous, 1889 Smith, J. A., 1889b Commission Bureau of Fisheries, Woods Hole U. S. Fish I. & R. Rathbun, 1882 Sumner, F. B., 1904, 1905, 1908 Scionopsis palmata Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger 1873 Scolecolepis viridis Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 Smith, S. distribution Cushman, 1908, 1944 J. A., new species Butcher, W. 1948 S., parasitic Renn, C. E., 1935, 1936b Sarcoptiformes Hag, J., 1965 Sarda sarda Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 host for Gasterostomum arcuatum Linton, E., 1901a host for larval cestode Linton, E., 1901a parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Sargassum filipendula morphology Simons, E. B., 1906 Sar Stella americana Cushman, J. A., 1906b Sarsiella zostericola Cushman, J. A., 1906b Scale worms see Polynoidae, Sigalionidae Scallops see Aequipecten, Pecten Scaphosphora kingii Farlow. W. G.. 1882b Scarius croicensis Smith, H. M., 1902a Schooling behavior current orientation as stimulus Shaw, E., 1958b development Shaw, Scientific investigations E., 1958a, 1960, 1961 light intensity & dispersal visual attraction as a stimulus to Shaw, E., 1957 Schizoporella biaperta Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Schizoporella unicornis & development Mead, A. D., 1897 Scolex polymorphus Linton, E., 1934c life history Curtis, W. C, 1911 Scoliodon terrae-novae Radcliffe, L., 1916 Scoloplus fragilis Hartman, 0., 1942a Scomber dekaye physiology-temperature Kidder, J. H., 1879 Scomber grex Atwood, N. E., 1866b Scomber scombrus Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 fishery Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 host for Rhynchobothnum imparispine larvae Linton, E., 1923 temperature Kidder, J. H., 1879 Scomber vernalis Atwood, N. E., 1865, 1866b behavior Blake, J. H., 1871 migrations Blake, J. H., 1871 Scomberesox saurus Shaw, E., 1961 ontogeny Shaw, E., 1957 Rogick, M. D. , H. Croasdale, 1949 Smith, H. M., 1898a behavior Blake, J. H., 1871 migrations Blake, J. H., 1871 Scomberesox storerii behavior Blake, J. H., 1871 Sebastes fasciatus 161 Scomberesox Sea level storerii migrations Blake, accompanying hurricanes J. H., 1871 Redfield, A. C. Scomberomorous maculatus Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 ScomberomoTus regalis parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Scombri dae Smith, H. M., 1898a Scopthalamus aquosus physiology, color change Scott, G. T., 1965 Scorpaena grandicorn Smith, H. M., 1901 Scorpaena grandicomis Smith, H. M., 1899a Scorpaena plumieri Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b Screens, mesh opening in benthic studies Driscoll, A. L., 1964 Scruparia ambigua Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Scruparia clavata Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Scud see various gammarid Amphipoda Scyphacella arenicola Harger, 0., 1880a Scyphididae new genus & species Rudzinska, \1. A., 1947 Scyphozoa & A. R. Miller, 1955, 1957 Cape Beaches Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1957 Sea mice see Aphroditidae Sea peach see Boltenia, Styela Sea pens see Pennatulacea Sea pork see Amaroucium Sea roughness Seiwell, H. R., 1948 Sea serpent Schroeder, W. C, 1939 Sea slugs see (mostly) Nudibranchia Sea squirts see Tunicata, Ascidiacea Sea stars see Asteroidea Sea urchins see Echinoidea Sea walnut see Pleurobrachia Sea water antibiosis Saz, A. K., 1963 buffer capacity & N. W. Rakestraw, 1933 analysis Shanklin, D. R., 1954 chemical composition Page, I. H., 1927, 1928 influence of organisims on Redfield, A. C, B. H. Ketchum & F. A. Richards, 1963 composition Shanklin, D. R., 1954 copper content Galtsoff, P. S., 1943 organic nitrogen Von Brand, T. & N. W. Rakestraw, 1940, 1941 Von Brand, T., N. W. Rakestraw & C. E. Renn, 1937, 1939 Von Brand, T., N. W. Rakestraw & J. W. Zabor, 1942 Mitchell, P. H. cation Desor, E., 1851d breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 development Hargitt, C. W. McMurnch, of & G. T. Hargitt, 1910 J. P., 1891b distribution Hargitt, C. W., 1902b, 1905a morphology Hargitt, C. W., 1905c Sea anemones see Actinaria Sea clams see Spisula solidissima Sea cucumbers see Holothuroidea Sea egg see sea urchins, especially Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis Sea float see Velella mutica Sea gooseberry see Pleurobrachia Sea lettuce see Ulva Sea level Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 Horner, N. G., 1929 Ogden, J. G., Ill, 1963 Redfield, A. C, 1965a Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a, 1962b salinity Pii^e. 1. H., 1927, 1928 Seasonal changes light penetration Clarke, G. L., 1938 Seasonal distribution in Vineyard Sound Lillick, L. C, 1937 Seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton Riley, G. A., 1947 Sebastes fasciatus Gill, T., 1863 Storer, D. H., 1856 Sebastes marinus 162 Sebastes marinus Smith, H. M., 1898a Sedimentation Redfield, A. C, 1965a Trowbridge, A. C. & F. P. Shepard, 1932 Sediments Butler, P., 1959 Fuller, M. L., 1906a Gulliver, F. P., 1904 Hitchcock, E., 1824 Hoskins, H. & S. T. Knott, 1961 Hough, J. L., 1940, 1942 Lee, R. E., 1944 Lidz, L., 1954 Lieberman, L. N., 1948 Manheim, F. T., J. V. A. Trumbull, A. R. Tagg Si J. Hulsemann, 1964 Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958, 1964 Moore, J. R., 1963 Northrop, J., 1951 Parker, F. L., 1952 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Sanders, H. L., 1958-1960 Schlee, J., E. Uchupi & J. V. A. Trumbull, 1964 Scudder, S. H., 1877 Shaler, N. S., J. B. Woodworth & C. F. Marbutt, 1896 Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. J. Cole & B. M. Davis, 1913 Wadworth, J. B., 1897 Wieser, W., 1960 Wigley, R. L., 1961, 1963b Wilson, J. H., 1905 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1954a, 1954b Zeigler, J. M., 1960 Zeigler, J. M. & B. Oostdam, 1960 Zeigler, J. M., S. D. Tuttle, H. J. Tasha ft G. S. Giese, 1964, 1965 Eocene, in subsurface of Cape Cod Zeigler, J. M., W. S. Hoffmeister, G. Giese & H. Tasha, 1960 mud bacteria Reuszer, H. W., 1933 Leet, L., 1935 Oldale, R. N. & C. R. Tuttle, 1964 Selachians new species Garman, S., 1886 Selene vomer MacCoy, C. Sense of smell V., 1934 in fish Parker, G. H. & R. E. Sheldon, 1914 Seriola dumerili Mather, F. J., Ill, 1952 Seriola fasciata Mather, F. J., Seriola zonata Ill, 1952 Firth, F. E., 1931 Mather, F. J., Ill, 1952 Serpula dianthus Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith 1873 Serranidae Smith, H. M., 1898a Serranus atrarius organic matter Ryder, J. A., 1885 Waksman, S. A., 1933 plankton decomposition Renn, C. E., 1940 Quaternary Groot, C. R. & J. J. Groot, 1964 reworking by Yolidia limatula Rhoads, D. C, 1963 marsh Redfield, A. C. & M. Rubin, 1962a, 1962b submarine Livingstone, D. A., 1964 tidal flats, bacterial sulfate reduction in Berner, R. A., 1963 transport al, 1965 & 0. Harger embryology Wilson, H. v., 1891a food of Peck, J. I.. 1896 host for Echinorhynchus serrani Linton, E., 1892a (1891) Serranus furvus Verrill, A. E., 1897 Serrasentis sagittifer host for Echinorhynchus sagittifer Linton, E., 1932 Serripes laperousii Wilson, J. H., 1905 Sertularia argentea Desor, E., 1851a U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Desor, E., 1851a Siever, R., et al, 1961 Zeigler, J. M., et Seismology Sertularia filicula recent salt Seirospora griffithsiana Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Seismic investigations Oldale, R. N. & C. R. Tuttle, 1962 Oldale, R. N., C. R. Tuttle & L. W. Currier, 1962 Tuttle, C. R., 1961 Sertularia plumea Desor, E., 1851a Sertularia stookeyi Eraser, C. M., 1912 Sertularia versluysi Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Sesarma reticulatum Cushman, J. A., 1906a Setella gracilis Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Sex cells, origin Hydractinia Bunting, M., 1894 Podocoryne carnea Bunting, M., 1894 Sex characteristics Isopoda Reinhard, E. G., 1949 , Solenopharynx oculatus 163 Sex determination Arbacia Harvey, E. B., 1939c, 1953 Crepidula Wilczynski, J. Z., 1955 Sex inversions Teredo navalis Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936b Sex ratios Teredo Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936b Sharks Allen, G. M., 1921 Anonymous, 1937 Putnam, F. W., 1874 attacking Sigalion arenicola Hartman, O., 1942a Verrill, A. E., 1880, 1886 Silicoflagellatae Margalef, R., 1960a seasonal distribution Lillick, L. C, 1937 Sipho islandicus Wilson, J. H., 1905 Siphodera vinaledwardsii parasite of Batrachus tau Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1941 parasite of Opsanus tau Manter, H. W., 1926 Siphonoecetes cuspidatus Verrill, A. E., S. man at Gudger, E. W., 1950 tiger & 0. Harger Smith, H. M., 1898a 1964b Shells, molluscan differential sorting in swash zone Nagle, J. S., 1964a Shellfish investigations Turner, H. J., Jr., 1951 Shellfish resources improvement Turner, H. J., Jr., 1949b Shellfishery Pecten Posgay, J. A., 1950, 1953 Shipworms see Bankia, Teredo Shoaling waves Miller, R. L. & J. Rathbun, R., 1885 Siphonotestales Margalef, R., 1960a Sipunculoidea behavior Baird, S. F., 1882 Shell orientation S., parasitic Siphostoma fuscum Anonymous, 1916 mounds, aboriginal Nagle, J. Smith Siphonostoma Monomoy Witman & Lee Co., 1928 fatal, Buzzards Bay Shell I. 1873 Gudger, E. W., 1936 M. Ziegler, 1964 Shoals Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1884b U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey ( A. D. Bache) 1847 Shore processes U. S Marindin, H. L., 1889, 1890, 1894a Shoreline changes Chute, N. E., 1946 Gulliver, F. P., 1909 Whiting, H. L., 1872 erosion Gulliver, F. P., 1904 evolution of Jones, W. F. & J. B. Lucke, 1951 Kemp, J. M. & W. S. Butcher, 1952 Mitchell, H., 1872 geomorphologv Gulliver, F. P., 1904 Short finned squid see Ilex lUacebrosus Siboglinum Wigley, R. L., 1963b Siboglinum ekmant Wigley, R. L., 1963b Miner, R. W., 1912 Sipunculus bemhardus Desor. E., 1851a Sirolpidium bryopsidis Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 Size analyses Moore, J. R., 1963 Skeleton shrimp see Caprellidae Skeletonema pigments Margalef, R. productivity Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 & J. H. Ryther, 1960 Skeletonema costatum physiological ecology Curl, H., Jr. & G. C. McLeod, 1961 polysaccharides of Lewis, R. A., 1955 seasonal distribution Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Systematics, invertebrate Verrill, A. E., 1873 Smittina trispinosa Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Soft corals see Alcyonaria, Alcyonium carneum Soft shelled clams see \1ya arenaria Soft shelled crabs post-moult see Callinectes sapidus Solen ensis U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Solenidae Smith, H. M., 1898a fossil Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Solenopharynx flavidus Jones, E. R., 1938 Solenopharynx oculatus Jones, E. R., 1938 , Sorocarpus uvaeformis 164 Sphyraenidae Sorocarpus uvaeformis Smith, H. M., 1898a Collins, F. S., 1896 Sorting, sediments Sphyma zygaena Wigley, R. L., 1961a Sound, reflection from bottom Liebermann, L. N., 1948 Sow & Pigs Reef algae Davis, B. M., 1913b Sparidae Smith, H. M., 1898a Sparisoma flavescens Smith, H. M., 1902a Fowler, H. W., 1917 Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Alebion crassus Wilson, C. B., 1932 host for Anthocheilus nidifex Linton, E., 1934c host for Krfiyeria papillipes Wilson, C. B., 1932 host for Otobothrium crenacolle Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Platybothrium Linton, E., 1901a host for Spiroptera pectinifer Linton, E., 1901b host for Thysanocephalum thysanocephalum Linton, E., 1934c parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Spider crabs see Libinia, Pelia Spathebothnum simplex parasite of Liparis liparis Linton, E., 1922b, 1941 parasite of Microgadus tomcod Linton, E., 1941 Spawning fish Sherwood, S. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 menhaden Rathbun, R., 1894 Thy one briareus Spinax acanthias Colwin, L. H., 1948 SPEEDWELL Spindle algae station data Tanner, Z. L., 1882 Spelotrema nicolli cercaria parasite of Bittium altematum Cable, R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1939, 1940 life T., 1861 Davis, B. M., 1913b Spio limnicola Verrill, A. E.. 1880-1886 Spio rathbuni Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Spio robusta history Cable, R. M. & 1940 metacercaria parasite Cable, R. M. & 1940 Spermatozoids, Fucus Robbins, W. J., Lyman, Rock A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Smith & 0. Harger, Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 I. Smith 1873 & 0. Harger Verrill, A. E., S. 1. 1873 of Callinectes sapidus A. V. Hunninen, 1939, Spio setosa Verrill, A. E., S. 1916 Spermothamnion turneri development of holdfasts Derick, C. M., 1899 Sphacelaria fusca Collins, F. S., 1908b Sphaeroma quadridentatum Harger, 0., 1880a Sphaerosyllis brevifrons Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Sphaerosyllis l ongicirrata Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Spheroides maculatus behavior Parker, G. H., 1912 host for Bianium plicitum Linton, E., 1934c host for Distomum vibex Linton, E., 1901a host for Lintonia vibex Linton, E., 1934c parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Spheroides spengleri Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1899a Sphyraena borealis Fowler, H. W., 1917 , Spionidae Plaine, H. L., 1952 new species Moore, J. P., 1907b Spiophane s tenuis Verrill. A. E.. 1880-1886 Spiophanes verrilli Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Spinalis gouldii Stimpson, W., 1854b Spiroptera pectinifer parasite of Sphyrna zygaena Linton, E., 1901b Spirorbis borealis anatomy Schively, M. A., 1897 development Schively, M. A., 1897 Spirorbis spirillum Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Spirostomum geotropism Kanda, S., 1914 Spisula solidissima amino acid uptake Stephens, G. C. & R. A. Schinske, 1961 Stephanostomum tenue 165 Spisula solidissima fo s s Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 ligament, mechanics Hunter, W. R. & D. C. Grant, 1962 Splash zone plant community, Barnstable dunes Boyce, S. G., 1952, 1954 i 1 Sponges see Porifera new species Hyatt, A., 1878 Spongia sulphurea Desor, E., 1851e Spongia urceolata Desor, E., 1851e Spongiobothrium variabile parasite of Dasyatis centrura Linton, E., 1898b parasite of Trygon centrura Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Spore mother cell Davis, B. M., 1899 Sporocyst in Hydroides dianthus Linton, E., 1915d parasite of Rhombus triacanthus Linton, E., 1901b Sporozoa parasitic Calkins, G. N., 1915 Hahn, C. W., 1915, 1917, 1918 Linton, E., 1901b Spyridia filamentosa development of holdfasts Derick, C. M., 1899 Squalus acanthias Smith, H. M., 1898a parasites of Linton, E., 1901a physiology digestive tract Sullivan, M. X., 1908 placoid scales Sayles, L. P. & S. G. Hershkowitz, 1937 reproductive Hisaw, F. L. & A. Albert, 1947 temperature Kidder, J. H., 1879 Square backed fiddler crab see Sesarma reticulatum Squatina dumerili Smith, H. M., 1922 Squatina squatina Smith, H. M., 1898a Squibnocket Cliff palynology Ogden, J. G., 1963 Squid, common Thompson, M. empusa empusa behavior larvae Welsh, J. H., 1933 larvae Smith, S. I., 1873 morphology Bigelow, R. P., 1941 sexual dimorphism Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Starfish eggs development Tennent, D. H. & M. J. Hogue, 1906 Starfishes see Asteroidea Station data ALBATROSS Tanner, Z. L., 1885, 1886, 1887, 1889 Station data SPEEDWELL Tanner, Z. L., 1882 Staurocephalus caecus Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Stauronereis Peck, J. I., 1896 Stegophryxus hypius life cycle Reinhard, E. G., 1949 parasite of Pagurus longicarpus Thompson. VI. T.. 1902 sex characteristics Reinhard, E. G., 1949 Stellwagen bank geomorphology Zeigler, J. M. & B. Oostdam, 1960 Stenhelia arenicola Wilson. C. B.. 1932 Stenocaris arenicola Wilson. C. B.. 1932 Stenothoe cypris Holmes. S. J.. 1905 Stenothoe minula Holmes. S. J., 1905 Stenotomus argyprops natural history Baird, S. F., 1873b Stenotomus chrysops Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Verrill, A. E., 1897 behavior Parker, G. H., 1912 development larval Kuntz, A. embryology Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 & L. Radcliffe, 1917 host for Distomum Linton, E., 1901a host for Pontobdella rapax Linton, E., 1901b morphology, optic see Loligo pealei Squilla breeding Squilla Squilla T., 1899 behavior Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Parker, G. H., 1903 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a Stephanostomum dentatum Stunkard, H. W., 1961 Stephanostomum tenue Linton, E., 1934c 166 Stephanostomum tenue Stephanostomum tenue life Stromateus triacanthus as food for Cynoscion regale Peck, J. I., 1896 Strongylura marina host for Ancyrocephalus parvus Linton, E., 1942 host for Axine gracilis Linton, E., 1942 cycle Martin, W. E., 1939 parasite of Nassa obsoleta Martin, W. E., 1939 Stemaspis development Child, C. M., 1900 Sthenelais gracilis Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Sthenelais leidyi Hartman, 0., 1942a, 1944 Sthenelai s picta Vernll, A. E., 1880-1886 VerriU, A. E., 1873 S. t. Smith Stye la partita Illg, P. L., Bertholf, L. M., 1945 Bertholf, L. M. & 0. Harger , Pasque salt marsh pools Russell, H. D., 1946 Stilophora rhizodes Collins, F. S., 1891 Stolephorus argyrophanus Smith, H. M., 1898a Stolephorus mitchilli Swain, J., 1883 Stolephorus perfasciatus Swain, J., 1883 Stolonization Autolytus varians C, 1900 Stratigraphy Kaye, C. A., 1963 Knox, A., 1952 J. E. Cotton, 1962 Lyell ,C., 1844 1890 1963 H., 1877 Merrill, F. J. H., Ogden, J. G.,III, Scudder, S. Shalor, N. S., 1889b Wadworth, J. B., 1897 Wilson, J. H., 1905 Streblonema parasiticum epiphytic on Cystoclonium purpurascens Collins, F. S., 1906 Streblospio benedicti & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Hollick, C. A., 1902 Streptosylli s arenae & Striped A. M. Walker, 1939 1884b, 1885. 1887 Suberitechinus hispidus de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Suberites compacta Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 Suberites domunculus de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 Subsidence, post-glacial Bartlett, H. H., 1909, 1911 Substrate, effect planktonic Nassarius veligers Scheltema, R. S., 1956, 1961 Subsurface of Cape Cod Zeigler, J. M., W. S. Hoffmeister, G. Giese & H. Tasha, 1960 Succession, ecological & J. J. I., Chrysler, M. A., 1905 Benedict, 1884 Suctoria 1896 anemones see Haliplanella luciae H. Ryther, 1960 plant new species Striate I la Peck, J. E. & Verrill. A. E.. 1882a, 1882b Stylochromonas minuta Lackey, J. B., 1940 Stylochus and oyster spat Provenzano, A. J., Jr., 1961 Stylochus ellipticus Hvman, L. H., 1939 Stylochus frontalis Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Verrill. A. E.. 1888-1892c Stylochus zebra Hyman, L. H., 1939 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Sub-bottom topography Stellwegan Bank Zeigler, J. M. & B. Oostdam, 1960 Submarine topography U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1884a, phytoplankton Margalef, R. fossil Webster, H. E. S. Eocene sediments development, larval Campbell, M. A., 1957 Streblus beccarii Parker, F. L. Strenuella 0. Mast, 1944 Hansen, H. J., 1915 Stylochoplana angusta Hyman, L., 1939 Stylochoplana oculifera Pearse, A. Stylochoysis zebra Bigelow, R. P., 1941 Stony or true coral see Astrangia danae, Madreporaria Storms Chute, N. E., 1946 Perley, S., 1891 & S. classification classification Koteff, C. & Sty loche iron carinatum Stiliger fuscata Mensch, P. Stomatopoda 1955 development Root, F. M., 1922 sponges see Cliona Sulfur Systematics-Ecology Program 167 Summer squid see Ilex illacebrosus Sun fish Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 Surf clams see Spisula solidissima Surirella Peck, J. I., 1896 Survey, calanoid copepods Carter, J. C. H., 1964 Swash zone differential sorting, shells Nagle, J. S., 1964a Swimming see behavior Sycotypus Wheeler, W. M., 1894a breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Thompson, M. T., 18QQ Sycotypus canaliculatus host for Planocera inquilina Wheeler, W. M., 1894a Syliidae new species Pettibone, M. H., 1956 Stylida vitrea VerriU, A. E.. 1872 Syllides convoluta Webster. H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Syllides setosa VerriU, A. E., 1882a, 1882b Syllides verrilli Moore, J. P., 1907a Syllis breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Symbiosis Astranifia danae & zooxanthellae Boschma, H., 1925 Endeis spinosus & Obelia dichotma Cole, L. J., 1910" Hydractinia echinata Hargitt, C. W., 1908 Hydractinia & Pagurus Bunting, M., 1894 Montacuta percompressa & Synapta inhaerens Gray, G. M., 1933 Synapta inhaerens physiology Clark, H. L., 1901 symbiosis Montacuta percompressa Gray, G. M., 1933 synonomy Clark, H. L., 1901 Synapta roseola physiology Clark, H. L., 1901 synonomy Clark, H. L., 1901 Synbothrium filicolle Linton, E., 1897 Synbothrium malleum parasite of Dasybatis centrura Linton, E.. 1925 Syncoelidium pellucidum VerriU, A. E., 1892-1895 Wheeler, W. M., 1894 Syndesmobothrium larvae Linton, E., 1894 Syndesmobothrium filicolle parasite of Trygon centrura Linton, E., 1889-1891 Syngnathus fuscus exchange by tidal currents Williams, G. C, 1960 host for Anisoporus manteri Hunninen, A. V. & R. M. Cable, 1940,1941 Syngnathus peckianus Lyman, T., 1861 Synodontium fecundum Cobb, N. A., 1920 Synodus foetens Arnold, E. L., Jr., 1951 Smith, H. M., 1898a Synonomy Balanus proteus Cushman, J. A., 1904a Synapta Clarke, H. L., 1901 Syracosphaera pigments Margalef, R. & J. H. Ryther, 1960 & J. H. Ryther, 1960 productivity Margalef, R. Syracosphaera carterae physiology McLachlan, J., 1961 Syscenus infelix Harger, 0., 1880b Systematics Adams, C. B.. 1839a, 1839b, 1841a, 1841b Bigelow ,H. B. & W. C. Schroeder, 1953 Bigelow, H. B. & W. W. Welsh, 1925 Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Clarke, H. L., 1908 Coe, W. R., 1895 Collins, F. S., 1908c Connolly, C. J., 1929 Crowell, S., 1946 Cushman, J. A., 1920 Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Linton, E., 1932 Petersen, K. W., 1964 Sanders, H. L., 1963b Chlorophyta Blum, J. L., 1960 Gastropoda Winkley, H. W., 1909 George M. Gray Museum Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 Nematoda Cobb, N. A., 1920 Tunicata Metcalf, M. M., 1895 Systematics-Ecology Program Marine Biological Laboratory Carriker, M. R., 1964, 1965 168 Tachycentron canadum Tachycentron canadum Smith, H. M., 1898a Taenia chamissonii parasite of Lagenorhychus acutus Linton, E., 1905 Taenia dilatata parasite of Anguilla vulgaris Linton, E., 1889-1891 Taeniocotvle Norn. nov. foi Macraspis Olsson, 1869 Stunkard, H. W., 1962b Talorchestia longicornis commensal host for Allosphaerium Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 commensal host for Chilodonella longipharynx Kidder, G. W. & F. M. Summers, 1935 Talorchestia megalophthalma behavior Holmes, S. J., 1903a ecology Platzman, S. J., 1960 Tanystylum orbiculare Wilson, E. B., 1880 behavior Cole, L. J., 1901 Tarpon atlanticus Radcliffe, L., 1916 Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Smith, H. M., 1898a Tarpaulin Cove Tautogolabrus adspersus morphology, optic Parker. G. H., 1903 parasites of Linton, E., 1901a physiology Kidder, J. H., 1879 Taxonomy see Systematics Tectibranchia Merriman, D., 1937 Tealia crassicoms Hargitt, C. W., 1914 Tellimya ferruginosa Winkley, H. W., 1912 Tellina fossil Lyell, C, 1844 Tellina biplicata fossil Merrill, F. J. H., 1890 Tellina tenella Johnson, C. W., 1932 Tellina tenera Johnson, C. W., 1932 Tellina tenta Say Adams, C. B., 1841b Temora longicornis Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Temnodom algae Davis, B. M., 1913b Taunton River sea level Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 Tautoga onitis Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Smith, H. M., 1898a U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Verrill, A. E., 1897 behavior Parker, G. H., 1912 development larval Kuntz, A. embryology Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 & L. Radcliffe, 1917 Atwood, N. E., 1865 behavior ^ migrations Blake, J. H., 1871 Temperature Anraku, M., 1962, 1964 Bigelow, H. B., 1915, 1917, 1922, 1927 Clarke, G. L. & D. D. Bonnet, 1939 Day, C. G., 1960, 1963 Deevey, G. B., 1948 Edwards, B. J., 1873 Edwards, R. L., R. Livingstone & P. E. Hamer, 1962 Fish, C. J., 1925, 1928 Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch H. C. McMillin, 1930 food of development Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 embryology Kuntz, A. & L. Radcliffe, 1917 food of Nycticorax nycticorax navicus Gross, A. 0., 1923 & Matthiesen, G. C, 1960 Parker, F. L., 1952 Rathbun, R., 1883 Redfield, A. C, 1965b, 1965c Smith, S. I. & R. Rathbun, 1882 Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osborn, L. J. Cole & B. M. Davis, 1913 Taylor, W. R., H. B. Bigelow & H. W. Graham, 1957 U. S. Fish Commission, 1898 U. S. Light House Board, 1873 Peck, J. L, 1896 host for Microcotyle furcata Linton, E., 1942 host for Zoogonoides laevis Linton, E., 1942 morphology, optic Parker, G. H., 1903 Tautogolabrus adspersus Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Smith, H. M., 1898a larval J. H., 1871 saltator Blake, Temnodon cycle Bigelow, H. B., 1933 Lillick, L. C, 1937 Tetrarhynchus palliatus 169 Tethys willcoxi Temperature distribution effect Merriman, D., 1937 Tethys (Aplysia) wilcoxi peruiridis development of Crepidula Gould, H. N., 1949 distribution distribution Gray, G. M., 1940b Allee, 1919, 1922a, 1923b, 1923c Great Pond Barlow, J. P., 1955 hydranth formation Moore, J. A., 1939 lethal, high Fraenkel, G., 1960 morphology Gabriel, M. L., 1942 Tethyum Van Name, W. Tethyum atlanticum Van Name. W. Nantucket Tetradidemnum albidum Van Name, W. G.,1907a912a H. & Tetrqglene agilis VerriU. A. E.. 1882a. 1882b R. L. Guillard, 1962 summer heat budget Ayers, ilea J. C, 1965 pugnax Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Linton, E., 1901a physiology, digestive tract Sullivan. M. X.. 1908 Tetraodontidae Smith. H. M., 1898a Tetrapterus host for Dibothnum manubriforme Linton, E., 1889, 1898b Tetrarhynchidae Linton, E., 1894 Tetrarhynchobothrium larvae in Cybium regale Linton. E., 1887 Tetrarhynchobothrium bisulcatum Tentacles, origin Uonionemus Perkins, H. F., 1901 Terebra j uvenicostata C, 1905 Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a natural history Grave, B. H., 1928 sex inversions & ratios Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936b sexual cycle Grave, B. H., 1942 sexual rhythm, behavior Coe, W. R., 1934, 1936a Tergipes despectus Russell, H. D., 1964 Terrestrial heat flow Barnstable Harbor Redfield, A. C. 1965b, 1965c classification Linton, E., 1889 Tetrarhynchus larvae Linton, E.. 1894 Tetrarhynchus bicolor Linton. E., 1897 Tetrarhynchus bisulcatum Linton, E., 1897 parasite of Carchanas obscurus Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Tetrarhynchus elongatus parasite of Wo/a rotunda Tertiary Brown, T. C, 1905 Shaler, N. S., 1890 VerriU, A. E., 1878 Linton. E., 1897 parasite of Mola mola Tethys protea Hahn, J., 1953 Taylor, C. C, H. B. Bigelow Graham, 1957 Tetragonrus cuvieri Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1899a U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Tetranarce occidentalis Smith, H. W., 1898a host for Calyptrobothrium Linton, E., 1934c host for Calyptrobothrium occidentale Linton, E., 1901a parasites of Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1954 winter effects Parker, G. H., 1919 Miocene Brown. T. Teredo navalis hermaphroditism 1907-1912b Tetrabothrius rudolphi Linton, E., 1924 Emmons, G., 1947 parthenogenesis Greeley, A. W.. 1902 respiration of planktonic diatoms J. G.. Tetilla gravata Hyatt, H.. 1878 vertical distribution Ryther, G., 1907-I912b larval & H. W. Linton, E., 1928 Tetrarhynchus palliatus parasite of Cestracion zygaena Linton. E., 1925 Tetrarhynchus repens 170 Tetrarhynchus repens parasite of Mola retunda Linton, E., 1894 Tetrarhynchus robustum parasite of Rhinoptera bonasus Linton, E., 1898b parasite of Trygon centrura Linton. E.. 1889-1891 Tetrarhynchus tenue parasite of Dasyatis centrura Linton, E., 1898b parasite of Trygon centrura Linton, E., 1889-1891 Tetrastemma catenulatum anatomy Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 classification Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Tetrastemma vermiculum anatomy Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898 Tetrastemma vittata Verrill, A. E., 1880-1886 Tetronarie occidentalis physiology digestive tract Sullivan, M. X., 1908 Teuthis bahianus Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b Teuthis caeruleus Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b Teuthis hepatus Smith, H. M., 1899a, 1901, 1902b Textularia earlandi Parker, P. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Textularia tenuisima Parker, F. L., 1952 Thais lapillus Thyone briareus Gray, G. M., 1932 U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 autotomy Pearse, A. S., 1909 behavior Pearse, A. S., 1908 diurnal rhythm of geotropism Stier, T. J. B., 1933 spawning Colwin, L. H., 1948 Thyonidium glabrum Ayres, W. 0., 1854 Thyonidium muscolosom Ayres, W. 0., 1854 Thysanocephalum parasite of Ommastrephes illecebrosus Linton, E., 1897 Thysanocephalum crispum anatomy Linton, E., 1889-1891 classification Linton, E., 1889 original Linton, E., 1889-1891 parasite of Galeocerdo maculatus Linton, E., 1894 parasite of Galeocerdo tigrinus Linton, E., 1898b, 1889-1891 parasite of Galeocerdo maculatus Linton, E., 1892b, 1894 Thysanocephalum ridiculum parasite of Isurus dekayi Linton, E., 1901b Thysanocephalum thysanocephalum parasite of Galeocerdo articus Linton, E., 1934c fossil parasite of Raup, D. M. Thalassiosira nana & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Thysanoessa Hulburt, E. M., 1963 seasonal distribution physiology Hulburt, E. M., 1956b Thalestris gibba Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Thaumastoma singulare Webster. H. E. Theredid spider Sphyma zygaena Linton, E., 1934c & J. E. Benedict. 1884 light reactions Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1911 Thracia couthouyi Stimpson, W., 1854b Thraciae formis Storer, D. H., 1839 Thraustochytrium proliferum Sparrow, F. K.. Jr., 1936 Thunnus thynnus growth Mather, F. J., Ill & H. A. Schuck, 1960 fishery Matthiessen, G. C. Thyone Rayment, J. E. G. & R. Thysanoessa gregaria Hansen, H. J., 1915 Thysanoessa inermis Hansen, H. J., 1915 Thysanoessa longicaudata Hansen, H. J., 1915 Thysanoessa raschii Hansen, H. J., 1915 Thysanoessa parva Hansen, H. J., 1915 R. C. Toner, 1963 Mead, A. D., 1898 TidaK amplitude Brown, F. A., Jr., M. N. Fingerman, 1952 Tidal currents fish by Williams, G. C, 1960 Tidal flats breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Conover, 1961 Tiaropsis occurrence of exchange of & J. sediments Berner, R. A., 1963 I. Sandeen & 171 Trematoda Tomopteris helgolandica Moore, J. P., 1903b Tooth succession Mustelus canis Tidal marshes flora Fogg, J. M., 1930 location, Barnstable County Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Butler, P., 1959 plants Moul, E. T., 1964 Pocassett Cyathura polita migrations Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & J. R. Comer, 1964 populational ecology of Cyathura polita Burbanck, W. D., 1961, 1962 post glacial, sea levels, palynology Deevey, E. S., Jr., 1948 sediments Butler, P., 1959 transition from fresh water bog to salt marsh Bartlett, H. H., 1909 Vaucheria Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 Tidal movements Wilcox, B. W., 1958 Tidal nodes Redfield, A. C. 1953 Tidal observations Mitchell, H., 1854, 1855 Tides Day, C. G., 1960 Marindin, H. L., 1894b Mitchell, H., 1857 interference Mitchell, H., 1856 Woods Hole area Redfield, A. C, 1953 Tills, fossiliferous Sayles, R. W. & A. S. Knox, 1943 Tilopteris mertensii algae Taylor, W. R., 1941 Tima formosa food for Gonionemus murbachii Gudger, E. W., 1934 Tintinnus Ryder, J. A., 1885 Tiphotrocha compnmata Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Tisbe gracilis Yeatman, H. Tisbe wilsoni C, Ifft, J. D. & D. J Zinn, 1948 Topography Brewster palynology 1963 Seiwell, H. R., 1929 Tisbella pulchella Yeatman, H. C, 1963 Titration alkalinity of sea water and photosynthesis Taylor, W. R., 1960 Tocotrema lingua adult stage in Gavia imber Linton, E., 1915e parasite of Tautogolabrus adspersus Linton, E., 1915e Tombolos Gulliver, F. P., 1909 Simpkins, lower Cape Cod J., 1906 Grabeau, A. W., 1899 shore-line Whiting, H., 1867 Wellfleet Whitman, L., 1810 Tomaria growth Morgan, T; H., 1891 life history Agassiz, A., 1873 metamorphosis Morgan, T. H., 1891 Tomatell a puncto-striata Adams, C. B., 18 41a Torpedo Anonymous, 1926 host for Tocotrema lingua Linton, E., 1907c Torpedo occidentalis Storer, D. H., 1843a 1843b, 1844a, 1844b, 1845, 1848a, 1848c Tortanus discaudatus , Sharpe, R. W., 1911 grazing Anraku, N. & M. Omori, 1963 life history Johnson, M. W., 1934 morphology Anraku, M. Sc M. Omori, 1963 respiration Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 Tortanus setacaudatus Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Trace elements Moore, J. R., 1963 Trachinocephalus my ops Smith, H. M., 1898a Trachinotus goodei Smith, H. M., 1898a, 1898b Trachurops crumenophthalmus Firth, F. E., 1931 MacCoy, C. V., 1934 Trailiella intricata Lewis, I. F. & W. R. Taylor, 1928 Trap fishery Matthiessen, G. C. & R. C. Toner, 1963 Travisia carnea Verrill, A. E., S. 1. Smith & O. Harger , 1873 Trebius tenuiforcatus Rathbun, R., 1888 Trematoda Cable, R. M., 1954 Cable. R. M. & A. V. Hunninen, 1942 Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 172 Trematoda Trochammina macrescens Trematoda Groto, S., 1899 Hunninen, A. V. & R. Wichterman, 1936 Linton, E., 1898c, 1901b, 1915d, 1927, 1934a, 1942 Manter, H. W., 1926 Martin, W. E., 1938 Miller, H. M., Jr. & F. E. Northup, 1926 Stunkard, H. W., 1936, 1938, 1943, 1950a, 1950b, 1951, 1953, 1957, 1960, 1961, 1962a, 1962b, 1964 Stunkard, H. W. & R. M. Cable, 1932 Stunkard, H. W. & R. F. Nigrelli, 1930 Stunkard, H. W. & C. R. Siiaw, 1931 development Shaw, C. R., 1933 Gadus callarias Hsiao, life S. C, 1941 history Hunninen, A. V. 1943a, 1943b & R. M. Cable, 1940, Martin, W. E., 1939, 1940 Trichiurus lepturus Gray, G. M., 1939b Sherwood, G. H. & V. N. Edwards, 1901 Smith, H. M., 1898a Triangulumonas rigida Lackey, J. B., 1940 Trichobranchus glacialis Webster, H. E. & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Tricladida Wheeler, W. M., 1894b Trigonoporus dendriticus Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Verrill. A. E.. Trigonoporus folium Pearse, A. S. Trigonostomum marki 1888-1892c & A. M. Walker, 1939 Graff, L. V., 1911 Trilepta guttata Cobb, N. A., 1920 Triloculina brevidentata Cushman, J. A., 1944 Parker, F. L., 1952 Tristomum coccineum parasite of Xiphias gladius Linton, E., 1898c Tristomum laeve parasite of Gymnosarda pelamys Linton, E., 1898c Tristomum rudolphianum parasite of Mola mola Linton, E., 1898c Trochammina compacta Parker, F. L., 1952 Trochammina inflata Parker, F. L., 1952 Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton 1950 Trochammina lobata Cushman, J. Trochammina squamata Parker, F. L. & D. W. Athearn, 1959 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Trochochaetidae Pettibone, M. H., 1963 Truro Graham, J. D., 1838 fossiliferous boulders Crosby, W. C, 1881 Martin, W. E., 1944 of Parker, F. L., 1952 Parker, F. L. & W. D. Athearn, 1959 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 Trochammina propria Cushman, J. A., 1944 Trochammina rotaliformis Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 A., 1944 Parker, F. L., 1952 Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 geomorphology Crosby, W. 0., 1881 sand plains Grabau, A. W., 1897 Trygon centrura host for Acanthobothrium paulum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Anthocephalum gracile Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Caligus rapax Rathbun, R., 1885 host for Lecanicephalum peltatum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Parataenia medusia Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Phyllobothnum Joliatum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Rhinebothrium flexile Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Rhynchobothrium hispidum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Rhynchobothrium longispine Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Rhynchobothrium tenuispine Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Rhynchobothrium wagneri Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Spongiobothrium vanabile Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Syndesmobothrium jilicolle Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Tetrarhynchus robustum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Tetrarhynchus tenue Linton, E., 1889-1891 Trygon hastata Storer, D. H., 1844a, 1848a Trypanosoma raiae parasite of Raia ocellata Kudo, R., 1923 Tube worms see various sedentary Polychaeta Tubifex benederi Moore, J. P., 1905b Tubifex hamatus Moore, J. P., 1905b Tubifex irroratus Moore, J. P., 1905b Uca 173 Tubular la hydranth autotomy Morse, M., 1909 regeneration Goldin, A., 1942 resistence to x-rays Watt, D. J., 1955 Tubulari a crassa Fraser, C. M., 1943 Tubularia crocea Fraser, C. M., 1912 hydranth formation Moore, J. A., 1939 Tubularia parasitica on Corymorpha pendula Hargitt, C. W., 1902a Tunicata Desor, E., 1851d Verrill, A. E., 1871a, 1871b, 1873, 1880, 1886 behavior Grave, C, 1941a Watterson, R. L., 1945 feeding J^rgensen, C. B., 1952 larval Grave, C, 1920 Woodbridge, H., 1924 development Bertholf, L. M., 1945 Bertholf, L. M. & S. 0. Mast, 1944 S. F., 1958 Scott, F. M., Sister, 1942, 1945-1952 Jackson, fertilization Morgan, T. H., 1941 fouling Parker, G. H., 1924 metamorphosis Grave, C, 1941b larval Woodbridge, H., 1924 morphology Metcalf. M. M., 1895 Willey, A., 1901 physiology Grosch, D. Turbellaria S. & Z. H. Smith, 1957 Hyman, L., 1952 Jones, E. R., 1938 Pearse, A. S. & A. M. Walker, 1939 Peck, J. I., 1896 Provenzano, A. J., U., 1961 Verrill, A. E., 1882a, 1888-1892c,, 1892-1895 Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith & O. Harger 1873 Wheeler, W. M., 1894a, 1894b commensalism Linton, E., 1910c development Gardner, E. G., 1895 Patterson, J. T., 1912 Surface, F. M., 1907 distribution Bush, L., 1964 Hyman, L. H., 1939 Turbellaria feeding Jennings 174_ Uca Uca pugnax Uca motor activity Bennett, M. F., 1957 periodicity & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1963 Brown, F. A., Jr. & M. N. Hines, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & N. Barnwell, F. H. Webb, H. M. & F. A. Brown, Gutknecht, Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Hulburt, E. M., 1963 Unciola irrorata Smith, S. 1897 Calkins, G. N., 1902 Urophycis chuss larval stages Miller, D. & R. R. Marak, 1959 Urophycis tenuis feeding Herrick, C. J., 1903 Urosalpinx breeding Mead, A. D., 1898 Urosalpinx cinerea accessory boring organ Carriker, M. R. & D. van Gaudt, 1964 I. host for Gymnodinioides Trager, W., 1957 morphology Green, J. P., 1964 periodicity Bennett, M. F. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1959b Bennett, M. J., J. Shriner & R. A. Brown, 1957 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & M. I Sandeen, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & H. M. Webb, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & R. C. Graves, 1952 . diurnal hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a host for Parorchis avitus Cable, R. M. & H. W. Stunkard, 1931 U. S. Fish Commission Woods Hole Baird, S. F., 1889 Galtsoff, P. S., 1962 Linton, E., 1915a, 1915b dredging stations Smith, S. I. & R. Rathbun investigations Collins, J. W., 1889 scientific Rathbun, R., 1883 Ryder, J. A., 1892 Smith, J. A., 1889 Sumner, F. B., 1904, 1905, 1908 Tanner, Z. L., 1882, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1889 Valencinia rubens Coe, W. R., 1895 1955 Valrulineria sp. Phleger, F. B. F. A. Brown, Jr., 1959a Vaucheria arcassonensis Blum, J. L. & J. T. Conover, 1953 lunar 1959b J. B., Fairchild, H. L., 1919 effects of pollution Claff, C. L., F. N. Sudak and V. Moloney, 1958 & 1877-1882C Uronychia setigera Green, J. P., 1964 Bennett, M. F. I., Unconformities Woodworth, Uplift, post glacial 1914a, 1914b C, 1961 phytoplankton color change Stephens, G. J., Uncatena Pond Dinophyceae, unarmoured 1906a Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 I. radioactive zinc uptake Hyman, 0. W., 1922 Uca pugnax Cushman, J. A., 1906a S., 1958 Ulva lactuca history behavior Pearse, A. Jr., Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett & M. Sandeen, 1953 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. Fingerman, M. I. Sandeen & H. M. Webb, 1953 behavior Pearse, A. S., 1914a, 1914b burrowing Dembowski, J. B., 1926 heat tolerance & temperature relationships Wilkens, J. L. & M. Fingerman, 1965 life R. A. Brown, 1961 temperature ilea pugilator J. A., & respiration Fingerman, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & C. L. Ralph, 1954 Brown, F. A., Jr. & G. C. Stephens, 1951 Bro\yn, F. A., Jr. & H. M. Webb, 1949 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1954 Fingerman, N., 1956, 1957b Stephens, G. C, J. P. Green, B. Guttman & R. A. Schinske, 1958 Webb, H. M. & F. A. Brown, Jr., 1965 temperature Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1954 tidal amplitude Brown, F. A., Jr., M. I. Sandeen & N. Fingerman, 1952 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb, M. F. Bennett & M. I. Sandeen, 1954 Cushman, J. Shriner & W. R. Walton, 1950 Vineyard Sound 175 Vaucheria compacta Blum, J. L. & J. T. Vaucheria coronata Blum, J. L. & J. T. Vaucheria intermedia Blum, J. L. & J. T. Vaucheria rninuta Blum, J. L. & J. T. Vaucheria nasuta Bernatowicz, A. J., Vaucheria thuretii Blum, J. L. & J. T. Vaucheria vipera Blum, J. L., 1960 Veliger larvae Anachis avara Scheltema, R. Vineyard Sound Conover, 1953 algae Conover, 1953 community organization AUee, W. C, 1934 Conover, 1953 currents Davis, B. M.. 1913a, 1913b Haight, F. J., 1938 Mitchell, H.. 1857 Conover, 1953 fauna 1958 Verrill, A. E., 1873, 1882a additions Conover, 1953 Verrill, A. E., 1882b distribution Verrill, A. E., 1871b free-swimming or floating Verrill, A. E., 1873 S. & A. H. Scheltema, 1963 Foraminifera Cushman, Nassarius planktonic existence Scheltema, R. S., 1956 Venericardia J. A., 1944 interference tides Mitchell, H., 1856 invertebrates Verrill, A. E., S. I. Smith fossil Verrill, A. E., 1878 & 0. Harger, 1873 Venericardia borealis McAlester, A. L., I. G. Speden & M. A. Buzas, 1964 Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1964 distribution Allee, W. C, 1922d, 1923a Malacostraca Smith, S. I., 1873 microbiology fossil Raup, D. M. & Saz, A. K., S. Watson, S. R. Brown D. L. Lowery, 1963 D. R. Lawrence, 1963 Venus Teschemacher, J. E., 1851 fossil Sanford, S. N. F., 1934 Venus mercenaria Ropes, J. W., 1963 Winkley, H. W., 1907 Asterias forbesi, mechanism employed to open Burnett, A. L., 1960 behavior, early stages Turner, H. J., Jr. & C. J. George, 1955 distribution c& abundance Ropes, J. W. & C. E. Martin, 1960 power dredging effect of Turner, H. J., Jr., 1957 fossil 1890 Raup, D. M. & D. R. Lawrence, 1963 heat death, physiology Merrill, F. J. H., Orr, P. R., 1946 hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a light effects up6n Bennett, M. F., 1954 periodicity Bennett, M. F., 1954 27-day, daily, monthly Brown, F. A., Jr., M. F. Bennett, H. M. Webb & C. M. Ralph, 1956 Brown, F. A., Jr., H. M. Webb & M. Bennett, 1955b Venus mercenaria var antiqua Scudder, S. H., 1877 Vertebrata U. S. Fish Commission, 1901 Miocene Dall, W. H., 1894 F. & nannoplankton Yentsch, C. S. & J. H. Ryther, 1959 nitrate, seasonal cycle of LiUick, L. C, 1937 Ostracoda Cushman, J. A., 1906b phosphate, seaspnal cycle Lillick, L.C., 1937 physical features I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 phytoplankton Hellebust, J. A., 1965 Yentsch, C. S. & J. H. Ryther, 1959 seasonal distribution of Lillick, L. C, 1937 plankton Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 sand movements Mitchell, H., 1887 shoals U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1884b submarine topography U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey, 1887 sunfish Dearborn, H. A. S., 1826 temperature, seasonal cycle Lillick, L. C, 1937 Verrill, A. E., S. tides Mitchell, H., 1854, 1857 Redfield, A. C, 1953 zooplankton seasonal production Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 176 Virbius zostericola Virbius zostericola Verrill, A. E., S. Wellfleet I. Smith & 0. Harger, 1873 breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 development larval Smith, S. I., 1873 Vibrio sand plains Grabau, A. W., 1897 topography Whitman, L., 1810 West Falmouth intertidal algae Pabin, H. & F. B. Bang, 1964 Kingsbury, on Limulus polyphemus Smith, W. R., 1964 Virgulina fusiformis Parker, F. L., 1952 Kingsbury, J. I., 1896 Waquoit Bay exchange of fish by tidal currents Williams, G. C, I960 fish landings from weir Commissioners on Inland Fisheries, 1872 Lyman, T., 1872a Wareham River oyster fishery Galtsoff, P. S., H. F. Prytherch McMillin, 1930 & H. C. density Bigelow, H. B., 1915, 1917, 1922, 1927 Matthiessen, G. C, I960 interstitial of recent marine mud Siever, R., R. M. Garrels, J. Kanwisher R. A. Berner, 1961 & movement 1955 F., 1961 F. & G. C. Day, 1957 Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Whitely, Jr., 1956 Fish, C. J., 1925, 1928 Haight, F. J., 1938 Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1964 Rands Harbor Burbanck, W. D., M. E. Pierce & G. C. Whitely, Jr., 1956 temperature Day, C. G., I960 Water soluble yellow substances and chloroplastic pigments in algae Yentsch, C. S. & C. A. Reichert, 1961, 1962 Wave action effects on algae 1960, 1962 Waves Miller, R. L. & J. M. Zeigler, 1958 surface Seiwell, H. R., 1948 Webbinella Phleger, F. B. & W. R. Walton, 1950 & islands of Whitman, L., 1795 Wellfleet, creeks Polychaeta Webster, H. E. L. R. New England Whelks see Busycon, Thais Wasting disease Zostera marina Renn, C. E., 1936b Water J. M., & Allen, G. M., 1916 Hulburt, E. M., 1957 Kingsbury, 1960 Lyman, T., 1861 Western Cape Cod Pleistocene geology Mather, K. F., R. P. Goldthwait Theismeyer, 1940, 1942 Whale lice see Cyamidae (Caprellidae) Whales Brown, J. T., 1883 spermaceti morphology Jackson, J. B. S., 1845 whalebone of Warnowia parva J. P., J. M., fauna feeding Peck, Bumpus, D. Bumpus, D. 1962 West Yarmouth Verticella Barlow, J. M., wave effects upon White shrimp see Callianassa stimpsoni Winkles see Littorina Winter effect on fauna and flora of Woods Hole Parker, R. W., 1934 effects on Sargatia luciae Parker, G. H., 1919 Winter studies Irving, L., 1942 Woods Hole Raymont, J. E. G., 1959 Summers, F. M. & G. W. Kidder, 1936 Stunkard, H. W., 1953 Acarina Hag, J., 1965 algae Davis, B. M., 1913a, 1913b Amphipoda Holmes, Anthozoa S. J., 1905 Hargitt. C. W.. 1914 as site for biological farm 0., 1902 Whitman, bacteriology. Eel Pond Kelly, C. B., 1950 bioluminescence Backus, R. H., C. S. Yentsch A. Wing, 1961 breeding Thompson, M. T., 1899 C & Bryozoa Osburn, R. C, 1912 Rogick, M. D., 1945, 1949 Rogick, M. D. & H. Croasdale, 1949 Characeae Wood, R. D., 1949 Chlorophyta & J. E. Benedict, 1884 Gifford, C. E. & E. P. Odum, 1961 ciliate fauna Faure-Fremiet, E. A., 1951a Woodsholia 177 Woods Hole Woods Hole invertebrates Cnidaria & Hargitt, C. W. G. T. Hargitt, 1910 key Smith, R. L, (Ed.), 1964 cod, tagging Smith, H. M., 1902c kettle holes Copepoda free Koons, B. F., 1884, 1885 Sharpe, R. W., 1911 Wilson, C. B., 1932 Little Harbor swimming Edwards, B. J., 1873 water temperature, 1873 U. S. Lighthouse Board, 1873 Marine Biological Laboratory Lillie, F. R., 1944 marine fungi Sparrow, F. K., Jr., 1936 temperature Wheeler, W. M., 1901 Echinodermata Clark, H. L., 1904 fish Baird, S. F., 1873a Nichols, J. T. & C. M. Breder, Jr., 1927 behavior Bumpus, H. C, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c Gray, G. M., 1932-1945 1940 Foraminifera Cushman, J. A., 1908 Great Harbor bioluminescence Backus, R. H., C. S. Yentsch 1961 hydrography Thomas, Lt., C. M., 1938 light penetration Clarke, G. L., 1938 meteorology Fish, C. J., 1925 plankton Fish, C. J., 1925 Protozoa Lackey, J. B., 1936 distribution & ecological factors Lackey, J. B., 1938 Welch, P. S., 1917 parasites of fish Acanthocephala & Fish, C. J., 1925 sediments Manheim, F. T., J. V. A. Trumbull, A. R. Tagg & J. Hulsemann, 1964 temperature, water Fish, C. J., 1925 water movement Fish, C. J., 1925 Homarus americanus migrations C, 1901 hydrogen sulphide Manheim, F. T., A. R. Tagg & J. J. V. A. Trumbull, Hulsemann, 1964 Hydromedusae, spring Hargitt, C. W., 1902a Hydrozoa Fraser, C. M., 1912 Hargitt, C. W., 1908, 1909b Nutting, C. C, 1901 intertidal fauna ecology of Howard, R. S., 1954 invertebrates behavior Bumpus, H. C, Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1892a A. Wing, salinity Bumpus, H. 1960 nematode intertidal distribution Cobb, N. A., 1929 Oligochaeta Flagellata J. B., list Slater, E. M., natural history notes check list Bean, T. H., 1881, 1884 Lackey, moUusks, check 1898a, 1898b, 1898c Cestoda Linton, E., 1889-1891, 1898b Trematoda Linton, E., 1898 pollution Kelly, C. B., 1950 polychaete distribution Plaine, H. L., 1952 polyclads Hyman, L. H., 1939 Porifera de Laubenfels, M. W., 1949 productivity, rocky intertidal zones Gifford, C. F. & E. P. Odum, 1961 Protozoa Calkins, G. N., 1902 reforestation Chrysler, M. A., 1905 Rhodophyceae Jao, C. C, 1936 sharks Allen, G. M., 1921 Anonymous, 1916 shell mounds, aboriginal Baird, S. F., 1882 succession, plant Chrysler, M. A., 1905 temperature, effects on distribution AUee, W. C, 1922a tides, interference phenomena Redfield, A. Turbellaria C, 1953 Bush, L., 1964 water density U. S. Fish Commission, 1898 water temperature U. S. Fish Commission, 1898 winter biological studies Irving, L., 1942 Woodsholia lilliei Graff. L. v., 1911 lilliei Xiphias gladius 178 Xiphias gladius Zooplankton Cape Cod Bay Smith, H. M., 1898a host for Ascaris incurua Linton, E., 1898a host for Dibothrium plicatum Linton, E., 1889-1891 host for Fistulicola plicatus Linton, E., 1941 host for Hirudinella fusca Manter, H. W., 1926 host {oi Philichthys xiphias Linton, E., 1901b host for Tristomum coccineum Linton, E., 1898c parasites of Linton, E., 1901a reproduction Lee, R. E., 1942 X-rays, resistance to Tubularia Watt, D. J., 1955 Raymont, J. E. G., 1961 carbohydrate content Raymont, J. E. G. & R. J. Conover, 1961 migration Great Pond, Falmouth Barlow, J. P., 1955 populational ecology Great Pond, Falmouth Barlow, J. P., 1955 seasonal cycle Tisbury Great Pond Deevey, G. B., 1948 seasonal distribution. Woods Hole Fish, C. J., 1925 seasonal production Clarke, G. L. & D. J. Zinn, 1937 volumetric study Bigelow, H. B. & M. Sears, 1939 Xyala striata Cobb, N. A., 1920 Zoothamnium altemans development Yolida limatula anatomy Drew, G. A., 1899 embryology Drew, G. A., 1899 sediment reworking Rhoads, D. C, 1963 Yolida simplex hermaphroditism Grave, B. H. & J. Smith, 1936a Ypsilon exile Cobb, N. A., 1920 Zausodes arenicolus Wilson, C. B.. 1932 Zenopsis ocellatus Gill, T., 1863 Zeus ocellatus Storer. D. H., 1859 Zinc 65 Burbanck, W. D., R. Grabske & Comer, 1964 uptake Gutknecht, J., 1961, 1962 by benthic algae Faure-Fremiet, E., 1930 Summers, F. M., 1938 Zostera marina Collins, F. S., 1891 community, algal association Davis, B. M., 1913b effect of disappearance on invertebrales Stauffer, R. C, 1937 host for Labryinthula Renn, C. E., 1935, 1936b pathology of Renn, C. E., 1936b problems Renn, C. E., 1936a wasting disease Milne, L. Zygeupolia Smith, H. M., 1898a temperature Kidder, J. H., 1879 Zoogeography Setchell, W. A., 1922 Zoogonoides laevis history Stunkard, H. W., 1943 morphology & life history life Stunkard, H. W., 1943 parasite of Tautoga onitis Linton, E., 1942 Zooplankton Barlow, J. P., 1952 Conover, R. J., 1961 M. Milne, 1951 Thompson, C. Zygoena J. R. Buchman, R. W. & E. P. Odum, 1960 Zirfaea crispata Wilson, J. H., 1905 Zoarces anguillaris & litoralis Storer, D. H., B., 1900, 1901, 1902 1851a Zygonectes diaphanus host for Proteocephalus sp. Linton, E., 1941 Zygonemertes virens Montgomery, T. H., Jr., 1898