An Annotated List of Deepwater Fishes from off the New England Region, with New Area Records

Jon Moore; Karsten Hartel

The Southeastern Fishes Council Technical Advisory Committee reviewed the diversity, distribution, and status of all native freshwater and diadromous fishes across 51 major drainage units of the southern United States. The southern United States supports more native fishes than any area of comparable size on the North American continent north of Mexico, but also has a high proportion of its fishes in need of conservation action. The review included 662 native freshwater and diadromous fishes and 24 marine fishes that are significant components of freshwater ecosystems. Of this total, 560 described, freshwater fish species are documented, and 49 undescribed species are included provisionally pending formal description. Described subspecies (86) are recognized within 43 species, 6 fishes have undescribed subspecies, and 9 others are recognized as complexes of undescribed taxa. Extinct, endangered, threatened, or vulnerable status is recognized for 28% (187 taxa) of southern freshwater and diadromous fishes. To date, 3 southern fishes are known to be extinct throughout their ranges, 2 are extirpated from the study region, and 2 others may be extinct. Of the extant southern fishes, 41 (6%) are regarded as endangered, 46 (7%) are regarded as threatened, and 101 (15%) are regarded as vulnerable. Five marine fishes that frequent fresh water are regarded as vulnerable. Our assessment represents a 75% increase in jeopardized southern fishes since 1989 and a 125% increase in 20 years. The trend for fishes in the southern United States is clear; jeopardized fishes are successively being moved from the vulnerable category to that of imminent threat of extinction.

2003 NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST 10(2):159–248 AN ANNOTATED LIST OF DEEPWATER FISHES FROM OFF THE NEW ENGLAND REGION, WITH NEW AREA RECORDS JON A. MOORE1,2, KARSTEN E. HARTEL3, JAMES E. CRADDOCK4, 1 AND J OHN K. G ALBRAITH ABSTRACT – A review of literature, museum specimens, and records from four recent National Marine Fisheries Service deepwater surveys allows us to present an annotated list of 591 species in 132 families that live below 200 meters in the area between the Scotian Shelf and the southern New England Shelf south to about 38ûN. Three orders (Stomiiformes, Perciformes, and Myctophiformes) of the 24 in the area account for 41% of the species. New area records for 111 species are included; the majority (83%) represent extensions from the south, with only 17% from the north and east. Although the deep-sea ichthyofauna off eastern North America is quite well known, it is noted that 96 new species have been described since 1950 and 34 since 1975. INTRODUCTION This paper is an annotated list of deep-sea fish species found in the northern Mid-Atlantic Bight and northwards to the Scotian continental slope. Recent fishing activity in deep waters off the northeastern United States necessitates a much better understanding of the species that live in the region and how they are distributed. We believe that this deep fauna is often overlooked but point out that it must be incorporated as part of any regional biodiversity analysis. The waters over the outer continental shelf and upper slope that are covered in this paper have been investigated numerous times during the last 130 years. However, the last major compilation of deepwater fishes found off the New England region is Goode and Bean’s (1896) famous work, Oceanic Ichthyology. Since then, a number of additions to the deepwater fish fauna have been noted in a dispersed array of primary scientific papers and in the “gray” literature. In addition, museum specimens also represent new information on the distribution of fishes in this area. Many descriptions of deep marine locations are not accurate. Therefore, localities in the list are often given with latitude and longitude coordinates and with reference to topographic features of the continental shelf and slope. This method provides more accurate fixes on the locations of capture, rather than referring to shore locations. For example, the 1 National Marine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole, MA 02543. 2 Florida Atlantic University, Honors College, Jupiter, FL 33458; jmoore@fau.edu. 3 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; khartel@oeb.harvard.edu. 4 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543. 160 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 original description of Grammatostomias dentatus Goode and Bean, 1896 gave the locality of the holotype as “east of Delaware,” but in actuality that specimen was taken at a station over the continental rise just south of Hydrographer Canyon, showing that the species is actually found as far north and east as Georges Bank. A map of the main bottom features provides reference for the localities stated in the text (Fig. 1). Another difficulty that we have found in published ranges is the tendency by various authors to list the northernmost occurrence of a species as just the latitude. At issue is the fact many of the southern fishes, especially meso- and bathypelagics, are carried by the Gulf Stream to the north and then eastward. These fishes may then enter the area via warm core eddies that spin off into parts of the Slope Water Province; which is the large mass of water to the east and south of New England and north of the Northern Gyre (Backus et al. 1977). Given the generally east–west trend of the North American continental slope from Georges Bank to the Figure 1. Principal area of study showing named undersea features in this report and the 200 and 1000 meter contour lines. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 161 tail of the Grand Banks, two fishes could be at roughly the same latitude, but separated by nearly fifteen degrees of longitude. An example of this is found in the mesopelagic fish Scopelosaurus mauli Bertelsen et al. (1976) for which Scott and Scott (1988) reported their northernmost specimen from Browns Bank (42û20’N, 65û30’W), but their easternmost specimen was from Slope Water south of St. Pierre Bank (40û15’N, 59û21’W); we have seen specimens from the tail of the Grand Banks (41û36’N, 52û21’W and 39û36’N, 51û55’W). We believe that these latter specimens better reflect the actual distribution of this species along the North American coastline and that they more explicitly describe the northeastward extent of the distribution of the species in the WNA. Indeed, many of the mesopelagic species range far eastward with the Gulf Stream, outside our area and into the eastern Atlantic. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was originally intended to examine all of the deepwater fishes found off New England, but it is now extended both north and south of what is typically considered “New England” to ensure that species are not missed at the edges of our region of coverage. The region of study is bounded to the south by a line at 38ûN latitude, which roughly corresponds to the Virginia/Maryland border on the Delmarva Peninsula, and Figure 2. Mid-water trawls (principally to 1,000 meters) made by the WHOI from 1961 to 1993. Gulf of Maine trawls not shown. Symbols may indicate more than one trawl at each site. 162 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 to the east by a line at 63ûW longitude, which passes through Emerald Basin on the Scotian Shelf (Fig. 1). The outer limit of the region is the Gulf Stream. We include fishes occurring in the Slope Water Province (Backus et al. 1977) within the above stated southern and eastern area boundaries. By “deepwater” we mean those fishes that typically reside below 200 m depth, at least by day, and include fishes of the deep outer shelf and the true deep sea beyond the shelf break. The reference material primarily comes from five sources: 1) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)—specimens collected mainly by R.H. Backus, J.E. Craddock (midwater collections, Fig. 2) and R.L. Haedrich (deep benthic collections, Fig. 3) from the 1960s to 1990s (Backus and Craddock 1982; Haedrich and Horn 1970; Haedrich and Polloni 1974; Haedrich et al. 1975, 1980; Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); 2) fishes collected from the vicinity of Deepwater Dumpsite 106, near Toms Canyon, just south of Hudson Canyon (Cohen and Pawson 1977; Krueger et al. 1977; Musick et al. 1975, 1992); 3) specimens collected by William C. Schroeder aboard the F/V Cap’n Bill II (Schroeder 1955, Fig. 3); 4) fishes caught by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) from either regular groundfish surveys since 1963 or recent special cruises to examine the deepwater biodiversity of the continental slope from Cape Hatteras to Georges Bank (in 1999 and 2001) and at Bear Seamount (in 2000 and 2002; Fig. 4, see Moore et al. 2001); and 5) fishes brought in by commercial fishing vessels such as F/V Contender which have progressively moved their operations into deeper waters in the last decade (Fig. 3). Figure 3. Deep bottom trawls made by F/V Cap’t Bill III – W.C. Schroeder (open squares), WHOI—R.L. Haedrich (open circles), F/V Contender (open triangles). 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 163 The arrangement of orders and families largely follows that of Nelson (1994), with a few modifications, such as the arrangement of the genera of skates, which follows McEachran and Dunn (1998). For cosmopolitan or widespread species, the distribution accounts generally focus on the western North Atlantic (WNA). Specimen lengths are given in millimeters SL (Standard Length) unless indicated as HL (Head Length) or TL (Total Length). Common names, when given, are derived from various sources: Robins et al. 1991 (AFS); Scott and Scott 1988 (S&S); Whitehead et al. 1984 and 1986a,b (FNAM); and various FAO species catalogues (FAO). Information provided for each fully cited lot is formatted as follows: museum catalog number, number of specimens in the lot, size range of specimens, locality or coordinates, and depth of capture or meters of wire out (mwo). In some situations that information is abreviated and, when more than 15 museum collections for one species are known from the study area, the number of collections is summarized. Collections come from one trawl (= one location) but can contain from one to hundreds of specimens of the species listed. Institutional acronyms follow Leviton et al. (1985). The majority of the studied material is housed at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University (MCZ), the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University (YPM), or the National Museum of Natural History (USNM). Specific data for many of these collections are available online and can be searched by catalog number or taxon. Figure 4. National Marine Fisheries bottom trawls made below 200 meters between 1961 and 2001. Gulf of Maine trawls not shown. 164 Vol. 10, No. 2 Northeastern Naturalist RESULTS At least 591 species of deepwater fishes from 132 families live in the region stretching from Maryland to southern Nova Scotia. Almost onehalf of the species are from 4 of the 24 orders represented (Table 1). Large to moderate range extensions were found for 111 species and 49 of those range extensions are completely new distributional records to the region. The total number of species represents a 19% increase in the number of species known to occur in the area. CONCLUSIONS The majority of new distributional records (85%) represent extensions of species more typically found south of the area. This highlights the strong influence of the Gulf Stream in transporting deepwater taxa to New England. Many of these probably represent expatriates from reproductive populations to the south, yet the infrequent but regular collection of many of these species indicates that these expatriates may still be Table 1. Summary of the orders of fishes and the number of species listed in this paper. Orders Stomiiformes - lightfish and dragonfishes Perciformes - spiny-rayed fishes Myctophiformes - lanternfishes Gadiformes - cods and relatives Aulopiformes - lizardfishes and relatives Lophiiformes - anglerfishes Osmeriformes - deepsea smelt and relatives Stephanoberyciformes - bigscales and relatives Scorpaeniformes - mail-cheeked fishes Anguilliformes - eels Ophidiiformes - cusk eels and brotulas Rajiformes - skates Pleuronectiformes - flatfishes Albuliformes - halosaurs and spiny eels Squaliformes - spiny sharks Beryciformes - fangtooths and relatives Zeiformes - dories and relatives Lampriformes - oar and ribbon fishes Carcharhiniformes - cat sharks Chimaeriformes - chimaeras Hexanchiformes -frill and cow sharks Saccopharyngiformes - gulper eels Polymixiiformes - brardfishes Squatiniformes - angel sharks Myxiniformes - hagfishes Petromyzontiformes - lampreys Ateleopodiformes - jellynose fishes Gasterosteiformes - snipefishes and relatives Total Species 95 77 70 45 44 36 34 27 26 24 24 12 11 10 10 9 8 6 6 5 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 591 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 165 a semipermanent component of the deepwater fauna off New England. A smaller portion (15%) of the range extensions shows new occurrences of more typically boreal species in the area. These tend to be more benthopelagic species and indicate a lesser biogeographic influence of the Deep Western Boundary Current, which brings colder water from the Labrador Sea southward along the continental slope. Further biogeographic implications of the new records will be discussed in a forthcoming paper being prepared by the first author. When Goode and Bean (1896) published Oceanic Ichthyology, they highlighted the results of the U.S. Fish Commission studies on the deepwater fish fauna. A number of species within that work had seemingly anomalous disjunct distributions. For example, the deepwater dab, Poecilopsetta beanii (Goode, 1880), was known from off New England and in the Caribbean, likewise the goby duckbill, Bembrops gobioides (Goode, 1880), was known from off New England and in the Gulf of Mexico. This study shows that these seemingly disjunct northern records were not accidental captures, but that these and many other species occur off New England and at other intervening locations to the south. The dates of the original descriptions of the species reported in this paper (Fig. 5) show the historic progression of the knowledge of the identity of these deep-living fishes. A high percentage (30%) of the descriptions occurred between 1850 and 1899, the period in which Oceanic Ichthyology and several other major works were published. Ninety-six new species found in the area have been described since 1950, and 20 of those were described since 1985. This indicates that knowledge, even of the basic composition of the fauna, continues to increase. Information about their biology, reproduction, age and growth, food, migration, and population density is often lacking and will be needed as exploitation of the deep-sea continues. Figure 5. Numbers of species of fishes mentioned in this paper, shown in 25-year increments of dates of description (1750–2002). 166 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 ANNOTATED SPECIES LIST MYXINIFORMES MYXINIDAE Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus 1758 - Atlantic hagfish (AFS) - Benthic, 75 to 1006 m, known from Davis Strait to Campeche Bank in the WNA and from the western Mediterranean to the Barents Sea in the eastern North Atlantic (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953a, Fernholm and Vladykov 1984, Wisner and McMillan 1995). We follow Martini et al. (1998) in using the name M. glutinosa instead of M. limosa as suggested by Wisner and McMillan (1995). MCZ 53871 (15), 53872 (2:410–430 TL), 53925 (2), 53926 (10:44–422 TL), 137976 (2:20–501 TL), USNM 26015 (1), 329853 (1), YPM 10432 (1:330 TL), 11550 (1). PETROMYZONTIFORMES PETROMYZONTIDAE Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus 1758 - Sea lamprey (AFS) - Mostly from the upper slope or shallower, from Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico to Greenland in the WNA (Vladykov 1984). Haedrich (1977) reported the occurrence of this species in 4100 m (MCZ 53927) just south of the area and we have collected specimens from very deep water over Bear Seamount (MCZ 162004–5, 2:415–695). MCZ 37449 (1), 38290 (1), 38292 (1), USNM 24279 (1). CHIMAERIFORMES CHIMAERIDAE Hydrolagus affinis (Brito Capello 1868) - Deepwater chimaera (S&S) - Benthopelagic, 293–2452 m, in the WNA from south of Toms Canyon to Greenland (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953b, Haedrich and Horn 1970, Musick et al. 1975, Musick et al. 1992, Okamura et al. 1995). In the eastern Atlantic from Portugal to the Rockall Trough, west of Ireland (Stehmann and Bürkel 1984a). Three specimens, two large adult females (MCZ 158869, 1:820 TL; 162006, 1:1115 TL) and a small juvenile (MCZ 158870, 1:102 TL) were caught on Bear Seamount during NMFS cruises in 2000 and 2002. MCZ 138048 (2:85 TL), 153748 (2:120–1200 TL), YPM 11253 (2), 11274 (1). Hydrolagus pallidus Hardy and Stehmann 1990 - Benthopelagic, 1188–2075 m, previously known from the Bay of Biscay to western Scotland and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Hardy and Stehmann 1990). One male (YPM 11268, 1:136 TL, 39û54’N, 67û26’W, 1188 m) was taken on Bear Seamount (shallowest depth record) and two females (YPM 11253, 2:58–976 TL, 40û05’N, 68û30’W, 1462 m) were collected in Welker Canyon, where at least 2 other specimens were captured but not retained. These are the first records from the WNA. RHINOCHIMAERIDAE Harriotta raleighana Goode and Bean 1895 - Longnose chimaera (S&S) - Benthopelagic, 600–2150 m, in the WNA from off Norfolk Canyon to south of La Have Bank, Nova Scotia (MCZ 37647, 2, 42û41’N, 63û49’W, 851–878 m) (Scott and Scott 1988). Two syntypes for this species came from south of Hudson Canyon (USNM 35631) and near Alvin Canyon (USNM 39415). In the eastern Atlantic from the Canaries to Iceland and in the Pacific off New Zealand, Japan, and California (Stehmann and Bürkel 1984b). MCZ and YPM—at least 35 collections from the area. Harriotta haeckeli Karrer 1972 - Benthopelagic, >1700 m depth, in the WNA from Davis Strait to Hudson Canyon (Karrer 1972). In the eastern Atlantic from the Canaries and off western Africa (Krefft 1990). One syntype of H. raleighana (USNM 35520), collected near Block Canyon at 1815 m, was re-identified as this species (Karrer 1972). Another specimen (VIMS 4089) was captured near Hudson Canyon at 2382 m. Rhinochimaera atlantica Holt and Byrne 1909 - Knifenose chimaera (S&S) Benthopelagic, 529–1100 m, in the WNA from eastern Gulf of Mexico to south of La Have Bank, Nova Scotia (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Scott and Scott 1988). In the eastern Atlantic from north western Africa to Iceland and from Namibia to South Africa (Krefft 1990). MCZ 37508 (1), 37715 (1:1150 TL), 37734 (1:1270 TL), 38243 (1:1030 TL), 38244 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 167 (1:1080 TL), 38245 (1:1270 TL), 38256 (1), 132501 (1:1360 TL), 138080 (1:846 TL), 153746 (1:1275 TL), 159186 (1: 1041), YPM 10135 (1:1226 TL), 11254 (6:984–1262 TL). CARCHARHINIFORMES SCYLIORHINIDAE Note: The genus Apristurus is quite speciose, but existing keys and literature fail to confidently separate the nominal species. Apristurus sp. - Benthopelagic, 560–1462 m, in the western Atlantic from scattered sites off Massachusetts (MCZ 38406), Delaware, Hispaniola, and the Gulf of Mexico (Compagno 1984a, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Springer 1979). These specimens were previously assigned to A. laurussonii (the Iceland or flathead catshark), however, Nakaya and Sato (1998) specifically excluded western Atlantic specimens from that species. Two other specimens (MCZ 125407, 1:505 TL, 39û37’N, 71û52’W, 567–827 m and 125408, 1:700 TL, 39û17’N, 72û11’W, 512–662 m) from Hudson Canyon are also provisionally placed here. It may be that all these western Atlantic specimens represent an undescribed species similar in appearance to A. laurussonii (Nakaya, in litt.). Apristurus manis (Springer 1979) - Ghost catshark (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 658–1740 m (Compagno 1984a), in the WNA from Block and Veatch canyons (Springer 1979) to possibly off Nova Scotia (Scott and Scott 1988). In the eastern North Atlantic from off Great Britain (Compagno 1984a). The holotype (MCZ 38299) was taken east of Block Canyon. All newer records come from either F/V Contender conducting exploratory deepwater work near Block Canyon (39û42’N, 71û27’W, 1325–1830 m) or the NMFS cruises to Bear Seamount. MCZ 38299 (imm. female, 1:328 TL, 39û52’N, 70û50’W, 731– 841 m), 37512 (imm. male, 1, 39û52’N, 70û50’W, 731–841 m), 37535 (imm. female, 1:225 TL, 39û52’N, 69û38’W, 658–768 m), 37416 (imm. males, 2:240–245 TL, 39û52’N, 70û43’W, 759–804 m), 137072 (1:710 TL), 137074 (1:610 TL), 137075 (1:750 TL), 137077 (1:680 TL), 138754 (1:200 TL), 158888 (1:710), 158890 (1:660), 158891 (1:610), 158892 (1:745), 158894 (1:630), 158895 (1:650), 162008 (4:590–650). Apristurus microps (Gilchrist 1922) - Smalleye catshark (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 1000– 2000 m, previously known from off Newfoundland (Compagno 1984a) and from the vicinity of Rockall Bank, west of Great Britain, and off South Africa (Nakaya and Stehmann 1998). A specimen (MCZ 58434, 1:259 TL, 39û48’N, 69û45’W, 1410 m), from near Veatch Canyon, is a new record from United States waters (Nakaya and Stehmann 1998). Apristurus profundorum (Goode and Bean 1896) - Deepwater catshark (FAO), Deepsea catshark (S&S). Fig. 6 - Benthopelagic, 1100–1830 m. The holotype (USNM 35646), in very poor condition, was collected near Hudson Canyon and not “off Delaware Bay” as in Goode and Bean (1896) and Compagno (1984a). This species is poorly known and is in need of redescription. The following specimens are provisionally attributed to this species based on morphological differences from other Apristurus species in the area. One specimen comes from east of Block Canyon (MCZ 138754, 1:200 TL, 39û42’N, 71û27’W, 1325–1830 m) and five specimens (MCZ 158889, 1:590; 158893, 1:745; and 158896, 3:327–490) are from Bear Seamount (39û52’N, 67û20’W, 0–1750 m). Scyliorhinus retifer (Garman 1881) - Chain dogfish (AFS), Chain catshark (FAO) Benthopelagic, 73–550 m, in the WNA from Nicaragua to the Gulf of Mexico and to southern New England (Able and Flescher 1991, Compagno 1984a). F/V Contender Figure 6. Apristurus profundorum, MCZ 158889, 590 mm TL; 158893, 39û52’N, 67û20’W, 0–1750 m. 168 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 caught two specimens (MCZ 125400, 1:365 TL and 125401, 1:400 TL) at 300 to 400 m between Block and Alvin canyons. The northeasternmost records (MCZ 75446, 75449) are from the vicinity of Browns Bank (42û40’N, 63û51’W). MCZ—at least 12 additional area records. PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE Pseudotriakis microdon Capello 1868 - False cat shark (AFS, FAO) - Benthic, 200–1500 m, known from off Iceland to the Cape Verde Is. in the eastern Atlantic and from the Pacific and Indian oceans (Compagno 1984a). Reported in the WNA from Long Island, New York (USNM 32516) to New Jersey (Bigelow and Schroeder 1948, Compagno 1984a, Goode and Bean 1896). HEXANCHIFORMES CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman 1884 - Frill shark (AFS, FAO). Fig. 7 Benthopelagic, 12–1280 m, in the eastern Atlantic from Norway to Mauritania and from Angola to South Africa, and in the Pacific from Chile, southern California, Japan, New South Wales, and New Zealand (Compagno 1984b). Records from off Suriname and French Guiana (Uyeno et al. 1983) are the only previous from the western Atlantic. A specimen (MCZ 153745, 1: 1860 mm TL, female, 39û57’N, 71û00’W, 400 m), collected by a commercial fishing vessel on the continental slope between Block and Alvin canyons is the second capture of this species in the WNA and the first from off eastern North America. HEXANCHIDAE Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre 1788) - Sharpnose sevengill shark (FAO). Fig. 8 Benthopelagic, 27–1720 m, tropical to warm temperate waters worldwide (Bass et al. 1986, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to North Carolina (Compagno 1984b, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). A NMFS groundfish survey caught a mature male (MCZ 160507, 1:1000 mm TL at 36û59’N, 74û37’W) off southern Virginia in May, 2001. This is the northernmost western Atlantic record. Hexanchus griseus (Bonneterre 1788) - Sixgill shark (AFS), Bluntnose sixgill shark (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 0–1875 m, wide ranging in temperate and tropical waters worldwide (Compagno 1984b). In the area, two specimens (NMC 90–0032, NSM 10001) were captured in Emerald Basin, off Nova Scotia and represent the northern distributional limits in the WNA (Gilhen and Coad 1989). SQUALIFORMES ECHINORHINIDAE Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre 1788) - Bramble shark (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 18– 915 m (mostly from 400–900 m), worldwide tropical to temperate waters except the eastern Pacific (Springer 1990, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA known from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico and off Virginia (USNM 22511)(McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Musick and McEachran 1969, Schwartz 1993). Goode and Bean (1896) reported the only area record, an individual that drifted ashore at Provincetown on Cape Cod. DALATIIDAE Centroscyllium fabricii (Reinhardt 1825) - Black dogfish (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 180–1600 m, at times forming schools (most often taken deeper than 250 m, but occurring shallower in the northern part of its range), known from Cape Hatteras to Greenland and Figure 7. Chlamydoselachus anguineus, MCZ 153745, 1860 mm TL, 39û57’N, 71û00’W, 400 m. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 169 Baffin Island, and in the eastern Atlantic from Iceland to South Africa (Compagno 1984b). MCZ and YPM—at least 54 collections from the area. Centroscymnus coelolepis Bocage and Capello 1864 - Portuguese shark (AFS), Portuguese dogfish (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 270–3675 m (most specimens taken deeper than 400 m), previously known from the WNA continental slope from off Delaware Bay to the Grand Banks (Compagno 1984b). In the eastern Atlantic from Iceland to South Africa (Compagno 1984b). One specimen (MCZ 91550, 1:150 TL, 35û44’N, 74û50’W, 199–340 m) was taken just north of Cape Hatteras and represents a southern record. MCZ 38294 (1:540 TL), 38295 (1:~1100 TL), 38296 (1), 38297 (1:680 TL), 38452 (1), 39621 (1:920 TL), 125402 (1:405 TL), 132510 (2:370–390 TL), YPM 10137 (1:754 TL). Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre 1788) - Kitefin shark (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 37–1800 m (mostly greater than 200 m), known from the eastern Atlantic and the Indian and Pacific oceans (Compagno 1984b). In the WNA from off the Gulf of Mexico, North Carolina and the northern slope of Georges Bank and (Bigelow and Schroeder 1948, Nichols and Firth 1939; F. Schwartz pers. comm. 2002). The only area record is a single specimen from Georges Bank (Bigelow and Schroeder 1948). Etmopterus gracilispinis Krefft 1968 - Broadbanded lanternshark (AFS, FAO) - Benthoto mesopelagic, 70–1000 m, previously known in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to Virginia (Compagno 1984b, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998) and in the southwestern Atlantic off Uruguay and Argentina (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). New material extends the range to Atlantis Canyon (MCZ 124340, 1:210 TL, 39û57’N, 70û18’W, 404– 611 m). MCZ 91590 (4:210–230 TL), 99543 (1:198 TL), 106297 (2:155–161 TL), 106298 (2:109–122 TL), 124339 (2:295–310 TL), 124340 (1: 210 TL, female), 137994 (5:150– 195 TL), 153781 (1:212 TL), 153782 (2:163–210 TL), 161542 (1:238 TL). Etmopterus princeps Collett 1904 - Great lanternshark (FAO), Rough sagre (S&S) Benthopelagic, 567–2213 m, from off New Jersey to East Greenland (Compagno 1984b, Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988) and in the eastern Atlantic from Iceland to Mauritania (Compagno 1984b). The southernmost record is from between Toms and Hudson canyons (MCZ 38413, 1:297, 39û09’N, 72û21’W, 841–951 m). MCZ, USNM and YPM—at least 35 collections from the area. Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch and Schneider 1801) - Greenland shark (AFS, FAO) Benthopelagic, 0–2200 m, reported in the WNA from Georgia to Ellesmere Island (Compagno 1984b, Herdendorf and Berra 1995), but considered rare south of Cape Cod. A NMFS observer photographed an estimated 500 kg individual caught just south of Toms Canyon (38û40’N, 73û06’W to 38û47’N, 73û02’W, 246–380 m). Another observer described a 4.5 m long female, also estimated at 500 kg, caught in nearly the same area (38û41’N, 73û04’W to 38û46’N, 73û05’W, 197–215 m). In both cases, the sharks were Figure 8. Heptranchias perlo, MCZ 160507, 1000 mm TL, 36û59’N, 74û37’W. 170 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 taken by a squid trawler in association with concentrations of northern shortfin squid Illex illecebrosus; the stomach of the second specimen contained 75 fresh Illex and 2 red crabs Chaceon quinquedens. Both of these observer records are on file at the NMFS office in Woods Hole. USNM 111159 (1). Squaliolus laticaudus Smith and Radcliffe 1912 - Spined pygmy shark (FAO) - Epipelagic, 200 m at night to 500 m during the day, typically tropical in eastern and southwestern Atlantic. One specimen of this rare dwarf shark (MCZ 82828, 1:115, 36û54’N, 73û36’W, 600–400 m) was collected just south of the area and another was collected northeast of the area (MCZ 135325, 1:150, 43û50’N, 45û40’W) indicating its probable occurrence in the area. SQUALIDAE Centrophorus sp. - Benthopelagic, to about 700 m. This genus is in need of worldwide revision. Sporadic captures of Centrophorus specimens have been made just south of the study area by NMFS ground fish surveys and NMFS sponsored surveys. Prior to 1998, the specimens were assumed to be C. granulosus based on this species’ known range. Post 1998, NMFS captures of this shark prompted a review of their identification that shows the specimens are more similar to C. niaukang Teng, 1959, known from the western Pacific and eastern Atlantic oceans. Nearly 100 specimens of this shark have been captured between 1970 and 2002, with only a few deposited at MCZ. The specimens are all large females (1450–1690 mm TL) with either pups or candled eggs. On two occasions, more than 20 females were taken in single 30-minute trawls on the continental shelf at depths of 150–200 m. Other individuals have been taken between 240 and 660 m. MCZ 153567 (adults and pups, 36û58’N, 74û49’W), 155770 (35û46’N, 74û49’W), 158572, 158739, 158959 (3 adults) and 157783–89 (pups and embryos) from 37û06’N, 74û43’W, and 160506 (37û05’N, 74û44’W). Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758 - Spiny dogfish (AFS), Piked dogfish (FAO) Benthopelagic, 0–900 m, worldwide in subtropical to subpolar waters. In the WNA from Florida to Greenland (Compagno 1984b, Okamura et al. 1995). This is the most common shark on the shelf and upper slope in the area. SQUATINIFORMES SQUATINIDAE Squatina dumeril LeSueur 1818 - Atlantic angel shark (AFS), Sand devil (FAO) - Benthic, 0–1390 m, a WNA endemic, found from the Caribbean to Gulf of Maine (Compagno 1984b, Collette and Hartel 1988, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). MCZ 40790 (1), 40791 (1); USNM 118461 (1). RAJIFORMES TORPEDINIDAE Torpedo nobiliana Bonaparte 1835 - Atlantic torpedo (AFS) - Benthic, although also reported to be pelagic at times, 0–530 m (Stehmann and Bürkel 1984c) and thought to seasonally migrate into deeper waters (Castro 1983). In the WNA known from the Caribbean to La Have Bank, Nova Scotia (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953b, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Robins et al. 1986). RAJIDAE Amblyraja jenseni (Bigelow and Schroeder 1950) - Shorttail skate (S&S) - Benthic, 366– 2294 m, from off Lindenkoehl Canyon (just south of Toms Canyon) to the Grand Banks (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953b, Scott and Scott 1988). The holotype (USNM 35592) and paratypes (USNM 23483 and 33457) are from our study area. Caught at 2130 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). MCZ 37899 (1), 38354 (1:710 TL), 55011 (1), 132506 (1:510 TL, 39û48’N, 71û19’W, 920–948 m), 138020 (2:269–369 TL, 39û42’N, 71û27’W, 1325–1830 m), 155628 (1), YPM 11262 (1). Amblyraja radiata (Donovan 1808) - Thorny skate (AFS) - Benthic, 18–996 m (most abundant below 110 m), South Carolina to Greenland and Hudson Bay (McEachran and 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 171 Musick 1975, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37600 (1:196 TL), 37620 (1:145 TL), 37748 (1), 37901 (1:510 TL), 37903 (1:420 TL), 38237 (1), 38355 (1:870 TL), 38372 (1), 38375 (3), 38432 (1), 55315 (1), 138028 (2:1000 TL), YPM 10433 (1), 11425 (1). Bathyraja richardsoni (Garrick 1961) - Deepwater skate (S&S) - Benthic, 1370–2745 m, reported from Hudson Canyon to southern Labrador (Musick et al. 1975, Scott and Scott 1988). Bathyraja spinicauda (Jensen 1914) - Spinytail skate (AFS) - Benthic, 140–1460 m, from Hudson Canyon (MCZ 55012) to Davis Strait (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37691 (1), 37927 (1), 37981 (egg and embryo), 55012 (1), YPM 11252 (1). Breviraja marklei McEachran and Miyake 1987 - Benthic, 443–988 m, known only from four specimens collected from La Have Bank (ROM 50330, 567–637 m) to the Laurentian Channel (McEachran and Miyake, 1987). This species may be a junior synonym of Rajella fyllae (J. McEachran pers. comm. 2003). Dipturus laevis (Mitchell 1818) - Barndoor skate (AFS) - Benthic, 0–750 m, known from Cape Hatteras to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). Formerly common in the region (Schroeder 1955), now considered locally extinct in Canadian waters and uncommon off the United States (Casey and Myers 1998). USNM 110962 (1) Leucoraja garmani virginica McEachran 1977 - Northern rosette skate - Benthic, 37–366 m, moderately abundant in shallow waters, but rare in deep water, known from Cape Hatteras to southern New England, (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953b, McEachran 1977). McEachran (1977) recognized four subspecies of L. garmani and designated a paratype of L. g. virginica (MCZ 36315) from off Montauk Point, Long Island. McEachran and Fechhelm (1998) elevated all four subspecies to species, but currently that status is in question (J. McEachran pers. comm. 2002). If accepted, this species will be known as L. virginica. MCZ 37932 (1, 39û58’N, 70û36’W, 270–320 m). Malacoraja senta (Garman 1885) - Smooth skate (AFS) - Benthic, 46–956 m, from North Carolina to the southern Grand Banks, with a record from 956 m off North Carolina (McEachran and Musick 1975, Scott and Scott 1988; F. Schwartz pers. comm. 2002). MCZ 37491 (1), 37566 (1), 37884 (2), 37900 (1:380 TL), 38185 (1), 38194 (1), 38367 (1), 38368 (1), 38369 (1), 38371 (1), 38374 (1), 55317 (1), 125541 (1:240 TL), 137079 (1:540 TL). Malacoraja spinacidermis (Barnard 1923) - Soft skate (S&S) - Benthic, 710–1568 m, in the western Atlantic from the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank (MCZ 38167, 1:198+ TL, 41û25’N, 65û54’W, 732–823 m) to Baffin Island (Scott and Scott 1988). In the eastern Atlantic from the Iceland-Faeroes Ridge, off northwestern Africa, and off South Africa (Stehmann 1990). This species was previously treated as Raja mollis (Bigelow and Schroeder 1950). MCZ 37645 (1:272 TL), 38167 (1:198+ TL), 38276 (1), USNM 33385 (1). Rajella bigelowi (Stehmann 1978) - Benthic, 650–4156 m (usually below 1500 m), in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995; Stehmann 1978, 1990; Stehmann and Bürkel 1984d). In the eastern Atlantic from the Azores and Rockall Trough (Stehmann and Bürkel 1984d). Stehmann (1978) noted that all specimens previously identified as Raja (Rajella) bathyphila (chocolate or abyssal skate) in the WNA southwest of the Grand Banks should be treated as Rajella bigelowi. MCZ 37929 (1), 37931 (1), 55314 (1:112 TL), 55316 (3), 57327 (1), 58444 (1), 59220 (1), 138018 (7:158–423 TL), 158963 (1:460 TL), 158964 (1:102 TL). Rajella fyllae (Lütken 1887) - Round skate (S&S) - Benthic, 170–2000 m, from east of Hydrographer Canyon to Davis Strait (Schroeder 1955, Scott and Scott 1988, Stehmann 1990). In the eastern North Atlantic from Biscay Bay to Spitsbergen and Iceland (Stehmann and Bürkel 1984d). MCZ—at least 26 collections from the area. ALBULIFORMES HALOSAURIDAE Aldrovandia affinis (Günther 1877) - Benthopelagic, 730–2200 m (Sulak 1990a), worldwide, from South America, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico to off New England in the WNA (McDowell 1973). MCZ 58436 and 59137 were collected between Atlantis and Veatch canyons on the southern New England slope. MCZ 137999 (3:300–400). 172 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Aldrovandia oleosa Sulak 1977 - Benthopelagic, 1184–1910 m, known from off northern South America, the Bahamas, and Norfolk Canyon (Sulak 1977a), the Gulf of Guinea and possibly the northwestern Indian Ocean and Indonesia (Sulak 1990a). Sixteen additional specimens were collected between Hudson and Alvin canyons after the species was described. A 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount collected one specimen (MCZ 158747, 1:390, 39û52’N, 67û20’W, 1460–1750 m), which is the northernmost occurrence. MCZ 59130 (1:305+ TL, 39û45’N, 70û43’W, 1885–1967 m), 59131 (5:350+ to 385 TL, 39û45’N, 70û47’W, 1820–1960 m), 59132 (10:202+ to 327+ TL, 39û17’N, 71û59’W, 1500–1960 m). Aldrovandia phalacra (Vaillant 1888) - Benthopelagic, 500–2300 m, known from all major oceans, in the WNA from the Bahamas to Greenland (McDowell 1973, Okamura et al. 1995, Sulak 1990a). MCZ 37433 (2), 37556 (1), 51963 (1), 58437 (2), 59133 (11), 124994 (1:325), 137995 (1:392), 138016 (2:190), 147514 (1:300), 162001(6:110–230), 162003 (2:245–325). Halosauropsis macrochir (Günther 1878) - Benthopelagic, 1100–3300 m, antitropical in Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Sulak 1990a). In the WNA from off Cuba and the Bahamas to Browns Bank (MCZ 38682, 3, 41û58’N, 65û18’W, 1647–1738 m, but not from the Gulf of Maine as reported by McDowell 1973). Four specimens were collected by the 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount (MCZ 158748, 4:500–600). MCZ 59136 (3). Halosaurus guentheri Goode and Bean 1896 - Benthopelagic, 550–1600 m, in the WNA from Venezuela to Atlantis Canyon (McDowell 1973, Sulak 1990a). Caught at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 at 951 m (Musick et al. 1975). A specimen from just east of Atlantis Canyon (MCZ 58438) may be the northernmost record. MCZ 38433 (1), USNM 38070 (1). NOTACANTHIDAE Lipogenys gillii Goode and Bean 1896 - Backfin tapirfish (S&S) - Benthopelagic, 350– 1154 m, known from Norfolk Canyon to the slope south of La Have Basin (MCZ 37613, 1, 42û45’N, 63û47’W, 604–622 m) (McDowell 1973). MCZ 37612 (1), 37790 (2), 38322 (1), 38424 (1), 155356 (1:200). Notacanthus chemnitzii Bloch 1788 - Snubnosed spiny eel (FNAM), Spiny eel (AFS) Benthopelagic, 128–3285 m (usually 250–1000 m), a worldwide antitropical species, known in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean. Occurs in shallower depths farther north (Scott and Scott 1988). Caught at 2130 m (Musick et al. 1975) and seen at 1985–2148 m (Cohen and Pawson 1977) near Deepwater Dumpsite 106. MCZ—at least 17 collections from the area. Polyacanthonotus challengeri (Vaillant 1888) – Spiny eel (FNAM) - Benthopelagic, 1143–3753 m (generally >2000 m), an antitropical species found at latitudes greater than 30ûnorth and south (Crabtree et al. 1985, Sulak et al. 1984). Caught at 1143 m (Musick et al. 1975) and seen at 1704–1988 m (Cohen and Pawson 1977) at Deepwater Dumpsite 106. One specimen, MCZ 158718 (1:495) was caught by the 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount. MCZ 55226 (1), 58610 (1). Polyacanthonotus merretti Sulak, Crabtree and Hureau 1984 - Benthopelagic, 594–2000 m, in the WNA from the Guianas, the Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico to Hudson Canyon (Sulak et al. 1984, Crabtree et al. 1985). Musick et al. (1992) reported a specimen from 1559 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106. VIMS 4082 (1). Polyacanthonotus rissoanus (de Filippi and Vérany 1859) - Smallmouth spiny eel (FNAM), Shortspine tapirfish (S&S) - Benthopelagic, 540–2875 m, known from Norfolk Canyon to the Davis Strait (Crabtree et al. 1985). MCZ 38283 (1), 57377 (1), 125543 (1:480), 125544 (1:428), 125545 (1:525), 158719 (2:498–550), 158781 (1:379), 162002 (1:350). ANGUILLIFORMES SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE Diastobranchus capensis Barnard 1923. Fig. 9 - Diastobranchus capensis is known from temperate waters in the southern hemisphere, between 183–1750 m (Sulak and Shcherbachev 1997). Recently, large specimens of Diastobranchus have been collected 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 173 off New England and are currently under study by K. Tighe (USNM). Morphologically, these specimens are very similar to D. capensis, but we are awaiting the results of molecular evidence to confirm this assignment. F/V Panther and F/V Matthew Melissa caught three specimens (MCZ 153747, 1:1110, ~30 miles south of Montauk, 1460 m; YPM 11267, 2:860–1360 TL, 39û54’N, 67û26’W, 1188 m) on the southern New England slope between Hudson and Block Canyon and on Bear Seamount, respectively. In addition, the F/V Panther collected two other specimens somewhere on the southern slope of Georges Bank (MCZ 155019, 1:1332 and KU 28484, 1:932). The 2000 and 2002 NMFS cruises to Bear Seamount also collected specimens (MCZ 158868, 1:1270; 162184, 2:795–1339; YPM 12947, 1; 12990, 1). These specimens represent the first occurrence of this genus in the northern hemisphere. Histiobranchus bathybius Günther 1877 - Benthic, 731–4700 m (usually between 2000– 3500 m), widely distributed in deep waters (Sulak and Shcherbachev 1997). In the WNA, from the Bahamas to Davis Strait. MCZ 55363 (1), 57329 (2), 91366 (1:192). Ilyophis brunneus Gilbert 1891 - Benthopelagic, 650–3120 m, known from southern Brazil to Nova Scotia in the western Atlantic (Sulak and Shcherbachev 1997). MCZ 53874 (1), 53875 (1), 53876 (2), 53877 (8), 57693 (4), 158657 (1:781), 158658 (1:386). Leptocephalus proboscideus Lea 1913 - This species is based on ilyophine leptocephali that are probably close to Dysommina. The adult stage is not known. Ranges from the central Caribbean to Bermuda to the Azores and Canary Islands (Smith 1989b). A specimen (MCZ 73368, 40û04N, 67û13W, 200–210 m) extends its range to the area. Simenchelys parasitica Gill 1879 - Snubnose eel (S&S, FNAM) - Benthic, 500–1800 m, found in temperate zones of the northern and southern hemispheres, usually on the middle to lower slope (Sulak and Shcherbachev 1997). In the WNA from the Bahamas to south of Newfoundland. MCZ and YPM—at least 21 collections from the area. Figure 9. Diastobranchus capensis, MCZ 158868, 1270 mm SL, 39û52’N, 67û20’W. 174 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Synaphobranchus affinis Günther 1877 - Benthic, 500–1500 m, broadly distributed in tropical and temperate waters, primarily on the middle to lower slope (Sulak and Shcherbachev 1997). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Nova Scotia. MCZ 37567 (1), 37690 (1), 37764 (1), 100328 (1), 124867 (1:235). Synaphobranchus kaupii Johnson 1862 - Northern cutthroat eel (AFS), Slatjaw cutthroat eel (S&S) - Benthic, 131–2346 m, broadly distributed in tropical and temperate waters worldwide, primarily on the middle slope to upper rise (Robins and Robins 1989, Sulak and Shcherbachev 1997). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Davis Strait. Caught at 951– 2130 m (Musick et al. 1975) and also seen at 1704–2346 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Cohen and Pawson 1977). This is the most abundant synaphobranchid in deep trawl catches in the region. MCZ and YPM—at least 60 collections from the area. OPHICHTHIDAE Ophichthus cruentifer (Goode and Bean 1896) - Margined snake eel (AFS) - Burrows into sandy or muddy bottoms, 36–1350 m (most abundant at 250–350 m), known from northern South America to the Laurentian Channel (McCosker et al. 1989). Putatively a facultative parasite of larger fishes. Scott and Scott (1988) reported one in a swordfish from the Laurentian Channel. A leptocephalus of O. gomesii (MCZ 72845, 40û04’N, 67û13’W) has been taken in the area and the adults of the two species can be confused (Smith 1986b). MCZ 53928 (3), 53929 (1), 75972 (1), 94337 (1:73), YPM 11294 (1). DERICHTHYIDAE Derichthys serpentinus Gill 1884 – Narrownecked oceanic eel (FNAM) - Meso- to bathypelagic, to 2000 m, worldwide. In the WNA from Argentina to Flemish Cap (Karmovskaya 1985, Scott and Scott 1988). Musick (1973) reported specimens from the Northeast Channel in the Gulf of Maine. MCZ and YPM—at least 66 collections from the area. Nessorhamphus ingolfianus (Schmidt 1912) - Duckbill oceanic eel (FNAM) - Meso- to bathypelagic to 1800 m, worldwide. In the WNA from Argentina to the Grand Banks (Karmovskaya 1985). Reported from the Northeast Channel in the Gulf of Maine (Musick 1973) and from Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Krueger et al. 1977, Musick et al. 1975). MCZ and YPM—at least 19 collections from the area. NEMICHTHYIDAE Avocettina infans (Günther 1878) - Bathypelagic, generally 1200–2000 m, found in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, from Brazil to southern New England in the WNA (Smith and Nielsen 1989). A specimen (MCZ 161967, 1:527) was collected from Bear Seamount in 2002. MCZ 65663 (1), 138004 (1:480), 147403 (1). Labichthys carinatus Gill and Ryder 1883 - Bathypelagic, generally 1200–2000 m, worldwide. In the WNA from southern Brazil to off Georges Bank (Smith and Nielsen 1989). The holotype (USNM 33369) was captured off Georges Bank. Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson 1848 - Slender snipe eel (AFS) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 457–3656 m, worldwide, from northern Brazil to south of La Have Bank, Nova Scotia in the WNA (Smith and Nielsen 1989). MCZ and YPM—at least 170 collections from the area. CONGRIDAE Acromycter perturbator (Parr 1932) - Benthic, 787–1318 m, from Jamaica to southern New England (Smith 1989a). Caught at 823–933 m just north of Hudson Canyon (Markle and Musick 1974). A specimen (MCZ 158703, 1:245) from Bear Seamount extends the range slightly eastward. USNM 206213 (1:269 TL, 39û37’N, 71û54’W, 915 m). Bathyuroconger vicinus (Vaillant 1888). Fig. 10 - Benthic, 229–1318 m, known from the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Reported in WNA from the Guianas and the Caribbean to the Gulf of Mexico (Smith 1989a). A specimen (MCZ 152942, 1:426 TL, 39û59’N, 70û57’W, 324–378 m) caught by F/V Patty Jo near Block Canyon and identified by D. G. Smith is the first record north of the Straits of Florida. Conger oceanicus (Mitchell 1818) - Conger eel (AFS) - Benthic, to 577 m (generally 75– 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 175 150 m), from the Gulf of Mexico and Campeche Bank to Georges Bank (Smith 1989a). MCZ 152877 (1), 152878 (1), YPM 10431 (1:690 TL). Rhynchoconger gracilior (Ginsburg 1951) - Benthic, 82–458 m, from Suriname to Georgia. Three specimens (MCZ 74268, 1:320, 40û06’N, 69û53’W; 160735, 2:385–390) extend the range to the southern New England Slope but are from only 115–121 m. Interestingly, a number of leptocephali of R. flavus (MCZ 72452–55 and 150264, see Smith 1989b) are from slope water, but the adults are unknown north of the Gulf of Mexico. Xenomystax congroides Smith and Kanazawa 1989 – Bristletooth conger (AFS) - Benthic, 140–825 m, known in the WNA from Brazil to Florida (Smith 1989a). There are several larval specimens in the MCZ collection from along the U.S. coast north of Florida. Four larvae (161864:160, 161865:180, 161866:193, MCZ 161896, 1:231) were captured from midwaters over Oceanographer Canyon, Bear Seamount, Munson Canyon, and from midwaters of a thermal front southeast of Powell Canyon, respectively, during a NMFS cruise in 2002. NETTASTOMATIDAE Facciolella sp. - Smith (1989b) reported this genus from as far north as Bermuda at depths of 75–3109 m (usually 329–732 m), but was unable to identify the specimens found in the WNA to species. A specimen (MCZ 153557, 1:409) caught near Block Canyon (39û17’N, 71û59’W, 309–333 m) extends the range northward. Hoplunnis tenuis Ginsburg 1951 - Spotted pike-conger (AFS) - Benthic, 110–468 m, previously reported from southern Brazil to off New Jersey (VIMS 05941, 1:188 TL) by Smith (1989b). Two specimens (MCZ 63116, 1:370+ TL and 63085, 1:260 TL) from between Block and Alvin canyons extend the range slightly northeast. We have seen an additional 12 MCZ lots of larvae from the area. In addition, MCZ material indicates that larvae of H. diomediana (MCZ 65306, 65382, 65384) and H. macrura (MCZ 65413–15, 65417, 65420, 65424) occur in the area and suggests that adults may be present. Nettastoma melanurum Rafinesque 1810 - Benthic, 37–1647 m (mostly 329–860 m), previously known from the Guianas to north Florida (Smith 1989b), however, Musick et al. (1992) reported a specimen at 1559 m near Hudson Canyon. Venefica procera (Goode and Bean 1883) - Benthic, 350–2304 m, previously known from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean to North Carolina (Smith 1989b). Reported from Figure 10. Bathyuroconger vicinus, MCZ 152942, 426 mm TL, 39û59’N, 70û57’W, 324– 378 m. 176 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Deepwater Dumpsite 106 at 1143–2286 m (Musick et al. 1975) and in Hudson Canyon at 1500–1960 m (Haedrich and Polloni 1974). Other specimens extend the range to the vicinity of Georges Bank as follows: MCZ 138019 (3:812–1115+, 39û42’N, 71û27’W, 1325–1830 m) from near Block Canyon, MCZ 37686 (1:890, 40û00’N, 68û52’W, 350–500 m) from near Hydrographer Canyon, and MCZ 158714 (2:555+–560+) taken by the 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount. SERRIVOMERIDAE Serrivomer beanii Gill and Ryder 1883 - Stout sawpalate (S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic, typically between 550–1000 m. Widely distributed in the WNA from north of Brazil to the Flemish Cap (Tighe 1989). MCZ—at least 118 collections from the area. Serrivomer lanceolatoides (Schmidt 1916) - Meso- to bathypelagic, typically caught between 500–1000 m (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). Widely distributed across the North Atlantic from the equator to at least 42ûN (Tighe 1989). It is less frequently caught in the area than S. beanii. MCZ 147612 (1), 147613 (2), 147614 (1), 161783 (1:617), 161852–58 (6:154–475). SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES EURYPHARYNGIDAE Eurypharynx pelecanoides Vaillant 1882 - Pelican gulper eel (S&S) - Bathypelagic, most likely to depths of 3000 m, widely distributed in tropical to temperate regions of all oceans. In the WNA from Argentina to Greenland (Bertelsen et al. 1989, Okamura et al. 1995). Frequently, one or a few individuals are caught in tows at depths below 1000 m in the area. MCZ and YPM—at least 76 collections from the area. SACCOPHARYNIGIDAE Saccopharynx ampullaceus (Harwood 1827) - Bathy- to abyssopelagic, at depths of about 2000–3000 m, known from the North Atlantic based on rare scattered records. In the WNA from Cape Hatteras to Greenland (Bertelsen et al. 1989, Okamura et al. 1995). Two small specimens (MCZ 59195, 1:247, 800–600 m and 59799, 1:105, 0–1020 m) were taken in the same haul but at different depths at 39û04’N, 68û00’W. Three specimens (MCZ 161543–45, 3:330–810) were collected on the 2002 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount. A large (ca. 600 mm TL) but badly damaged Saccopharynx (MCZ 9826) was collected in 1862 south of the Grand Banks, Newfoundland and one larvae (MCZ 62279) from the area may also represent this species. OSMERIFORMES ARGENTINIDAE Argentina silus Ascanius 1775 - Atlantic argentine (AFS), Greater argentine (FNAM) Pelagic, 140–915 m (usually from 137–220 m), in the WNA from Georges Bank to Greenland (Cohen 1964a, 1984a, Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). Two specimens (MCZ 124873, 1:205, 39û59’N, 70û52’W, 350–392 m and YPM 10429, 1:243, 39û58’N, 71û07’W, 330–402 m) extend the range slightly westward and southward to the vicinity of Block Canyon. MCZ has an additional 21 collections from the area; all north of Georges Bank. Argentina striata Goode and Bean 1896 - Striated argentine (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 146–476 m, known from northern Brazil to Browns Bank, Nova Scotia and the Gulf of Maine (Cohen and Atsaides 1969). MCZ—at least 22 collections from the area; all from south of Georges Bank. MICROSTOMATIDAE Nansenia groenlandica (Reinhardt 1839) - Large-eyed argentine (S&S), Greenland Argentine (FNAM) - Mesopelagic, 300–1000 m, known from waters north of 40ûN in the Atlantic (Kawaguchi and Butler 1984). Scott and Scott (1988) listed specimens from Browns Bank and Flemish Cap. We note three larvae (MCZ 66052 (1:14), 89890 (2:10– 20) from Slope Water south of Georges Bank. Krueger et al. (1977) identified specimens from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 177 Nansenia longicauda Kawaguchi and Butler 1984 - Mesopelagic, known from subtropical and temperate North Atlantic and North Pacific (Kawaguchi and Butler 1984). Kawaguchi and Butler (1984) described two USNM specimens from Slope Water southeast of Georges Bank. In addition, we note one larva (MCZ 66024, 1: 24, 36û36’N, 66û37’W) from south of Georges Bank and two specimens (MCZ 66198, 1:20 and MCZ 66051, 1:25) found off Florida, which have similar distinctive caudal pigmentation. They are generally pale, but with an intense black posteriorly directed triangle at the base of the caudal rays. These are definitely not larvae of the tropical N. pelagica or boreal N. groenlandica, but may belong to N. longicauda. USNM 246799 (1:41.5), 246800 (1:39.1). BATHYLAGIDAE The genera of bathylagids follow the recommendations of Kobyliansky (1986). Bathylagichthys greyae (Cohen 1958) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1646 m, in tropical to temperate Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans (Cohen 1984b, Kobyliansky 1985). In the WNA from the Caribbean Sea (MCZ specimens) and Bermuda. We have examined specimens (ARC 8908933; 1:80) from off Browns Bank (Scott and Scott 1988) and one (MCZ 162109, 1:77, 39û55' 67û25’W) collected on a 2002 NMFS cruise near Bear Seamount. Bathylagus euryops Goode and Bean 1896 – Goiter blacksmelt (S&S) - Meso- and bathypelagic, 548–1352 m, in temperate and subarctic waters from Bermuda to Davis Strait (Cohen 1964b, Scott and Scott 1988). Common in Slope Water off New England. MCZ 42319 (2), 45432 (2), 66264 (1), 124993 (1:130), 137979 (5:100–148), 138002 (5:180–210), 158720 (5:46–133), 158735 (1), 158778 (1), 158933 (1), 162014–16 (4). Dolicholagus longirostris (Maul 1948) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 914–1828 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Cohen 1964b, 1984b; Kobyliansky 1985). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Browns Bank (Cohen 1964b, Scott and Scott 1988). Common in Slope Water and ranging to 49ûN east of Newfoundland with the Gulf Stream. MCZ 63999 (1), 66145 (1), 88980 (3:69–146), 88984 (1:35), 88985 (1:22), 138067 (1:80), 158934 (1:82), 161534 (1), 162009–13 (9:137–165). Melanolagus bericoides (Borodin 1929) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 250–1700 m, in the Atlantic from at least 32ûS to Greenland (Cohen 1964b, Okamura et al. 1995, MCZ specimens). Collected from the Northeast Channel in the Gulf of Maine (Musick 1973) and at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). Numerous in Slope Water off New England. MCZ 88961 (1:35), 88965 (1:29), 88966 (1:56), 89864 (1:170), 126713 (2:77– 95), 158935 (1:96), 159294 (1:160), 159316 (1:195), 162017–19 (4:95–121). OPISTHOPROCTIDAE Dolichopteryx binocularis Beebe 1932 - Meso- to bathypelagic, to 1200 m, rare, known from a few scattered sites in the Atlantic (Cohen 1964c, Trunov 1997). Reported previously in the WNA based on the holotype collected off Bermuda at 730 m (Cohen 1964c) and from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). One specimen (MCZ 60716, 1:107, 39û13’N, 71û17’W, 0–1027 m) was taken from Slope Water near Hudson Canyon by WHOI. A damaged Dolichopteryx, probably this species, (MCZ 158905, 1:128, 39û59’N, 67û20’W) from off Powell Canyon is the northernmost known record. Opisthoproctus grimaldii Zugmayer 1911 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 300–2000+ m (mostly 300–400 m), previously known from the northern Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas in the WNA (Cohen 1964c, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). MCZ specimens show a wide distribution in the Caribbean and occasionally off Florida and Georgia. One specimen (MCZ 60717, 1:14, 39û28’N, 64û36’W, 400–599 m), from Slope Water southeast of Georges Bank by WHOI, is a northward range extension. Opisthoproctus soleatus Vaillant 1888 - Mesopelagic, 300–800 m (mainly 500–700 m), in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Cohen 1990). In the WNA, known from the Caribbean to southern New England, but rare in the area (MCZ 40510, 1:22, 39û45’N, 71û08’W) (Cohen 1964c, Quéro 1990). ALEPOCEPHALIDAE Note: The genus Alepocephalus needs critical review. Identification of some WNA material is questionable (Markle 1986). 178 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Alepocephalus agassizii Goode and Bean 1883 - Agassiz’ smoothhead (FNAM, S&S) Benthopelagic, 600–2400 m, in the subtropical to temperate Atlantic, from the Gulf of Mexico to Davis Strait in the WNA (Markle and Quéro 1984, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). This is the most commonly caught smoothhead in the area and it apparently forms dense schools at times. MCZ and YPM—at least 50 collections from the area. Alepocephalus cf. australis Barnard 1923 - Benthopelagic, 100–2600 m, known from northern South America to 39ûN in the WNA and from the eastern North Atlantic (Markle and Sazonov 1990). The North Atlantic specimens may not be conspecific with the true A. australis of the temperate southern hemisphere (Markle 1986). The following specimens were collected during the 2000 and 2002 NMFS cruises to Bear Seamount. MCZ 138081 (1:570), 151950 (1:442), 158849 (1:430), 158850 (1:340), 158851 (1:380), 158852 (1:385), 158853 (1:420), 158855 (1:480), 158857 (2:470–590), 158860 (1:362), 158861 (1:370), 158862 (2:310–330), 158863 (1:470), 158997 (1:455), 162237 (3:440–575). Alepocephalus bairdii Goode and Bean 1879 - Baird’s smoothhead (FNAM, S&S). Fig. 11 - Benthopelagic, 650–1700 m, known in the WNA from off Georgia, the Grand Banks, and Greenland based on scattered records, but much more common in the eastern North Atlantic (Markle and Quéro 1984, Markle and Sazonov 1990). Haedrich and Merrett (1988) reported A. bairdii occurring on the lower slope off New England. The only specimen that we were able to examine from the study area (MCZ 158854, 1:575) was collected by the 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount. Alepocephalus productus Gill 1883 - Smalleye smoothhead (FNAM) - Benthopelagic, 1464– 2500 m; the distribution of this species is presently unknown because of confusion with A. blanfordii Alcock, 1892 from the Indian Ocean (Markle and Sazonov 1990). McEachran and Fechhelm (1998) reported it from the Caribbean and northeastern Gulf of Mexico. The holotype of A. productus (USNM 33341) was caught off southern New England (Goode and Bean 1896) and Haedrich and Polloni (1974) reported it at 1500–1960 m in Hudson Canyon. Specimens come from 1464 m in Welker Canyon on Georges Bank (YPM 11291). Also seen at 1930–1988 m near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Cohen and Pawson 1977). Bajacalifornia megalops (Lütken 1898) - Bigeye smoothhead (FNAM, S&S) - Bentho- to bathypelagic, 250–3182 m, in the tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Markle and Quéro 1984, Markle and Sazonov 1990). In the WNA from the equator to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995). The holotype of Bathytroctes drakei Beebe, 1929 (USNM 170958), a junior synonym of B. megalops, was taken from Hudson Canyon (Beebe 1929). MCZ 40654 (1), 59782 (1), 59785 (1), 59787 (1), 59788 (1), 59789 (1), 59796 (1), 59798 (1), 137978 (1:240), 161549 (1:110). Bathylaco nigricans Goode and Bean 1896 - Black warrior (FNAM) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 450–4376 m (usually from 1750–2200 m), circumglobal in tropical regions (Markle and Quéro 1984). However, Okamura et al. (1995) reported a specimen taken off Greenland. We note a specimen (MCZ 95627, 1:235) taken from the stomach of a swordfish caught off southern New England. The undigested nature of the specimen indicates that it most likely was eaten somewhere in the area. Bathyprion danae Marshall 1966 - Fangtooth smoothhead (FNAM). Fig. 12 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 100–5046 m, previously known from the Atlantic and the western Pacific (Markle and Quéro 1984), in the WNA from the Caribbean (Anderson et al. 1985). Two specimens (MCZ 57613, 1:135, 39û50’N, 69û54’W, 2970–2980 m; and MCZ 128292, Figure 11. Alepocephalus bairdii, MCZ 158854, 575 mm SL, 39û55’N, 67û23’W, 0–1200m. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 179 1:12, 39û47’N, 68û56’W, 0–775 m), taken by WHOI south of Nantucket and from Slope Water south of Hydrographer Canyon, represent the first records records from off the east coast of the United States. Bathytroctes microlepis Günther 1878 - Smallscale smoothhead (FNAM) - Bentho- to bathypelagic, 1100–3200 m (usually below 1800 m), known from the North Atlantic, South China Sea, eastern South Pacific, and eastern Indian Ocean (Markle and Quéro 1984, Markle and Sazonov 1990). In the WNA, previously known from the Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). A specimen caught at 2130 m near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (identified as Grimatroctes bullisi by Musick et al. 1975) is probably this species. Another specimen (MCZ 122119, 1:270, 39û45’N, 70û43’W, 1885–1967 m) is probably the northernmost record. Bathytroctes squamosus Alcock 1890 - Benthopelagic, 1000–2619 m, known from the North Atlantic and Indian oceans (Markle and Sazonov 1990). In the WNA, this species has been taken from the Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998) and at 2619 m near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1992). Conocara murrayi (Koefoed 1927) - Benthopelagic, 1200–2600 m, in the northern and eastern Atlantic, Indian, and western South Pacific oceans (Markle and Quéro 1984). In the WNA, known from the eastern Gulf of Mexico (Markle and Sazonov 1990, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998) and from two specimens from near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 at 2368–2619 m (Musick et al. 1992). In addition, we note a small specimen of Conocara sp. (MCZ 57619) from 2903 m between Atlantis and Veatch canyons. Mirognathus normani Parr 1951. Fig. 13 - Bathypelagic, 2000–3000 m, previously known from single specimens collected off Portugal, Argentina, and south of Iceland (Markle and Quéro 1984). The 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount collected one specimen (MCZ 158702, 1:127). This is the fourth known specimen and the first record for the WNA. Narcetes stomias (Gilbert 1890) - Blackhead salmon (FNAM) - Benthopelagic, 1500–2500 m, in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Markle and Sazonov 1990). In the WNA from the Caribbean to off New England (Markle and Quéro 1984). A specimen (USNM 215513) is from off Delaware and others have been caught at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 in 2130–2376 m (Musick et al. 1975, Musick et al. 1992). Two specimens (MCZ 58433 and 61016) come from near Alvin and Atlantis canyons at 2080 to 2503 m. The 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount collected the northeasternmost specimen (MCZ 158859, 1:440). Photostylus pycnopterus Beebe 1933 - Starry smoothhead (FNAM) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 840–2868 m, circumglobal (Markle and Quéro 1984, Markle and Sazonov 1990). In the WNA, found at scattered sites from the equator to Davis Strait (Okamura et al. 1995). Figure 12. Bathyprion danae, MCZ 57613, 135 mm SL, 39û50’N, 69û54’W, 2970–2980 m. Figure 13. Mirognathus normani, MCZ 158702, 127 mm SL, 39û57’N, 67û30’W, 0–2100 m. 180 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Two specimens (MCZ 60740, 60742) were taken from Slope Water off Toms and Veatch canyons and another from the vicinity of Bear Seamount (MCZ 161561, 1:113). Rouleina attrita (Vaillant 1888) - Softskin smoothhead (FNAM) - Benthopelagic, mainly 800–2300 m, from widely scattered sites in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Markle 1977, Markle and Quéro 1984, Markle and Sazonov 1990). In the WNA, from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998) and Hudson Canyon (MCZ 55508, 2:208–370; Haedrich and Horn 1970, Haedrich and Polloni 1974). In addition, specimens were caught at Block Canyon (MCZ 137989, 5:165–248), from near Hydrographer Canyon (MCZ 40609, 1:129), and at Bear Seamount (MCZ 158726, 1:226). Xenodermichthys copei (Gill 1884) - Bluntsnout smoothhead (FNAM, S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic near continental slopes, 100–2650 m, in the Atlantic, Indian and eastern Pacific oceans (Markle and Quéro 1984). In the WNA, from Brazil to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). A number of specimens are from the area (MCZ 124797, 2:112–118; 124798, 2:135–168; 124799, 1:150; 128276, 1:105; 35318, 1:114; 38029, 1:123; 161558, 155; YPM 11304, 1; 11444, 1) and one (MCZ 58737, 1:35) is from south of La Have Bank (40û49’N, 64û00’W). PLATYTROCTIDAE Barbantus curvifrons (Roule and Angel 1931) - Palebelly searsid (FNAM). Fig. 14 Bathypelagic, greater than 800 m (Quéro et al. 1984), previously known from the eastern Atlantic (Matsui and Rosenblatt 1987) and the Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). However, specimens caught in Slope Water by WHOI (MCZ 75436, 1:28, 37û41’N, 72û54’W, 501–1000 m; off Baltimore Canyon, 60746, 1:76, 38û56’N, 71û39’W, 0–1017 m; near Hudson Canyon, 128273, 1:112, 39û40’N, 69û46’W, 0–1150 m; near Veatch Canyon, and 60868, 1:73, 39û46’N, 65û14’W, 0–1002 m, southeast of Georges Bank) represent the first records of this species from off the east coast of the United States. Holtbyrnia innesi (Fowler 1934) - Meso- to bathypelagic and benthopelagic, 100–1500 m, in the tropical to temperate North Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans (Quéro et al. 1990a). Matsui and Rosenblatt (1987) reported this species from three localities in the WNA: the Bahamas, off Georgia, and over the continental rise off Hudson Canyon (38û29’N, 70û54’W), where the holotype (USNM 93174) was captured. Holtbyrnia macrops Maul 1957. Fig. 15 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 300–1000 m during day, but migrate as shallow as 100 m at night (Quéro et al. 1984). Previously known only from Figure 14. Barbantus curvifrons, MCZ 60746, 76 mm SL, 38û56’N, 71û39’W, 0–1017 m. Figure 15. Holtbyrnia macrops, MCZ 60743, 92 mm SL, 39û13’N, 71û17’W, 0–1027 m. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 181 the eastern Atlantic (Matsui and Rosenblatt 1987, Quéro et al. 1990a). One specimen, (MCZ 60743, 1:92, 39û13’N, 71û17’W, 0–1027 m), collected by WHOI in Slope Water near Hudson Canyon, is the first record for the WNA. Maulisia microlepis Sazonov and Golovan 1976 - Smallscale searsid (FNAM) - Benthoto bathypelagic, 700–2000 m, known from the North Atlantic, along the west African coast, and the eastern Indian Ocean (Quéro et al. 1990a). Matsui and Rosenblatt (1987) listed only one WNA record (USNM 215612, taken near Norfolk Canyon). Okamura et al. (1995) reported this species from Georgia to Greenland. One specimen (MCZ 137992, 1:186, 39û42’N, 71û27’W, 1325–1830 m) was taken by F/V Contender near Block Canyon. In addition, two small specimens of Maulisia sp. (MCZ 158835, 1:59 and 159004, 1:85) were collected from Bear Seamount by NMFS in 2000. Mentodus rostratus (Günther 1878) - Bathypelagic, 980–2100 m, in the tropical Atlantic, Indian, and northwestern Pacific oceans (Quéro et al. 1990a). Krueger et al. (1977) reported this species from near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 and Scott and Scott (1988) reported five specimens from Flemish Cap. MCZ specimens are from the vicinity of Hudson Canyon (MCZ 37469, 1:115+) and south of Browns Bank (MCZ 42148, 1:30). Normichthys operosus Parr 1951 - Multipore searsid (FNAM). Fig. 16 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 495–1270 m, widely distributed in the eastern North Atlantic and along the western African coast (Matsui and Rosenblatt 1987, Quéro et al. 1990a). Previously reported from the Grand Banks, Flemish Cap, and Greenland in the WNA (Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). Specimens collected by WHOI are from southeast of Block Canyon (MCZ 75475, 1:67, 39û33’N, 70û56’W, 0–1200 m), and from south of Atlantis Canyon (MCZ 75480, 1:118, 39û39’N, 70û26’W, 0–2155 m). A 2002 NMFS cruise collected specimens from the south slope of Georges Bank and the vicinity of Bear Seamount (MCZ 161920–27, 13:66–155). In addition, five lots of small Normichthys (MCZ 128300–128304, 26–51) come from Slope Water in an area east of Cape May to south of Nantucket probably belong to this species. These specimens represent the first records from off the United States. Sagamichthys sp. Fig. 17 - Meso- to bathypelagic and benthopelagic, 365–1200 m (Quéro et al. 1990a). Three small specimens (MCZ 75482, 1:27, 38û53’N, 71û47’W, 0–601 m, 75507, 1:19, 39û30’N, 69û42’W, and 75508, 1:22, 38û18’N, 67û26’W) were taken in Slope Water by WHOI from the vicinity of Hudson Canyon to south of Georges Bank. Despite their small size, they are clearly identifiable as Sagamichthys by the combination of pigment and photophores. They may be S. schnakenbecki (Krefft, 1953), the only known Figure 16. Normichthys operosus, MCZ 161922, 153 mm SL, 39û58’N, 67û59’W, 0–1160 m. Figure 17. Sagamichthys sp., MCZ 75508, 22 mm SL, 38û18’N, 67û26’W. 182 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Atlantic species. In addition, the MCZ has two other lots of Sagamichthys, one from south of Cape Hatteras (MCZ 75481) and another from near Bermuda (MCZ 75483). Together, these are the first records of this genus in the WNA. Searsia koefoedi Parr 1937 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 450–1500 m, known from the subtropical WNA to Greenland (Matsui and Rosenblatt 1987, Okamura et al. 1995, Quéro et al. 1984). Two specimens (MCZ 60744, 1:66, 37û02’N, 73û31’W, 600–800 m and MCZ 75438, 1:63, 38û58’N, 67û47’W) were taken from the Slope Water east of Norfolk Canyon and south of Lydonia Canyon. Two additional MCZ specimens are from the North Sargasso Sea Province. STOMIIFORMES GONOSTOMATIDAE Bonapartia pedaliota Goode and Bean 1896 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 397–2744 m, known from the tropical to subtropical Atlantic. In the WNA from the Caribbean to Georges Bank, with rare strays as far north as Flemish Cap (Harold and Clark 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 47 MCZ collections from the area. Cyclothone acclinidens Garman 1899 - Meso- to bathypelagic, adults 300–1200 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from the Caribbean to La Have Bank, Nova Scotia. MCZ—at least 55 collections from the area. Cyclothone alba Brauer 1906 - Meso- to bathypelagic, adults 400–3000 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Newfoundland (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 84 collections from the area. Cyclothone braueri Jespersen and Tåning 1926 - Meso- to bathypelagic, adults to 2000 m, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Newfoundland (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 121 collections from the area. Cyclothone microdon (Günther 1878) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 500–2700 m, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from Bermuda to Davis Strait (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 154 collections from the area. Cyclothone pallida Brauer 1902 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 400–1500 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from the Caribbean to La Have Bank, Nova Scotia. MCZ—at least 120 collections from the area. Cyclothone pseudopallida Mukhacheva 1964 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 300–1250 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from the Caribbean to the Scotian Shelf (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 86 collections from the area. Diplophos taenia Günther 1873 - Mesopelagic, mostly 300–800 m during day, in tropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). Known in the WNA from the Caribbean to northeast of Georges Bank (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Scott and Scott 1988). Two lots (MCZ 142109 and 142110) are from south of La Have Bank. MCZ 98344 (1), 153228 (1). Gonostoma atlanticum Norman 1930 - Mesopelagic, 300–600 m by day and 50–200 m at night, in tropical waters worldwide (Quéro et al. 1990b). Found in the WNA from Brazil to Slope Water south of the Grand Banks (MCZ 141957) and at least another 11 MCZ collections from the area. Margrethia obtusirostra Jespersen and Tåning 1919 - Mesopelagic, 100–600 m (Badcock 1984a), in tropical to subtropical Atlantic waters (Quéro et al. 1990b). Known in the WNA from northern South America to the Scotian Shelf (Scott and Scott 1988) and Flemish Cap (Harold and Clark 1990). MCZ—at least 20 collections from the area. Sigmops bathyphilum (Vaillant 1888) - Bathypelagic, 700–2700 m, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from the Caribbean to 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 183 Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). Formerly placed in the genus Gonostoma (Miya and Nashida 2000). MCZ—at least 25 collections from the area. Sigmops elongatum (Günther 1878) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 500–1200 m during day and 25–600 m at night, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984a, Quéro et al. 1990b). In the WNA from northern Brazil and the Caribbean to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). Formerly placed in the genus Gonostoma (Miya and Nashida 2000). MCZ and YPM—at least 190 collections from the area. PHOSICHTHYIDAE Ichthyococcus ovatus (Cocco 1838) - Mesopelagic, 200–500 m (Badcock 1984b), in subtropical Atlantic waters. Known in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to Flemish Cap (Harold and Clark 1990. MCZ—at least 50 collections from the area. Pollichthys mauli (Poll 1953) - Stareye lightfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, 100–200 m at night and usually 200–500 m during day, but taken as deep as 1000 m (Scott and Scott 1988), in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide. Ranges in the WNA from the Caribbean to Flemish Cap (Harold and Clark 1990). MCZ—at least 55 collections from the area. Polymetme thaeocoryla Parin and Borodulina 1990 - Benthopelagic, associated with continental slope and rise, most common at 300–650 m (Parin and Borodulina 1990) but reported as deep as 2620 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). In the WNA, from northern South America (Grey 1964, Parin and Borodulina 1990) to Western Bank on the Scotian Shelf (Scott and Scott 1988). Identified as P. corytheola (Alcock 1898) in earlier publications. MCZ 41360 (1:79), 62006 (2:67–75), 62028 (2:110–111), 76034 (2:103–121), 93241 (1:9.5), 124792 (1:115), 138030 (1:93), 144434 (1:162), 149406 (1:120), 150079 (1:53), YPM 11458 (1). Vinciguerria attenuata (Cocco 1838) - Mesopelagic, adults mostly at 250–600 m by day and 100–500 m at night, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984b). In the WNA from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda to Laurentian Channel (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 71 collections from the area. Vinciguerria nimbaria (Jordan and Williams 1895) - Mesopelagic, adults mostly at 200–400 m by day and 0–100 m at night, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984b). In the WNA from the equator to Sable Island Bank, Nova Scotia (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ and YPM—at least 80 collections from the area. Vinciguerria poweriae (Cocco 1838) - Mesopelagic, adults mostly at 300–600 m by day and 50–350 m at night, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984b). In the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and Bermuda to Browns Bank (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ specimens show this species ranging east across the WNA at about 42ûN. MCZ—at least 100 collections from the area. Yarrella blackfordi Goode and Bean 1896. Fig. 18 - Benthopelagic, typically 500–700 m, previously known from northern South America to off Florida in the WNA (Grey 1964). One specimen (MCZ 153826, 1:90, 36û58’N, 74û36’W, 460–660 m) was recently collected in Norfolk Canyon by NMFS. Two other lots, collected by F/V Contender, come from near Hudson Canyon (MCZ 124870, 2:195–250, 39û35’N, 71û55’W, 481–880 m) and at the head of Block Canyon (MCZ 126580, 3:135–155, 39û53’N, 71û30’W, 362–388 m). These specimens represent the first records north of Florida. Figure 18. Yarrella blackfordi, MCZ 153826, 90 mm SL, 36û58’N, 74û36’W, 460–660 m. 184 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 STERNOPTYCHIDAE Argyropelecus aculeatus Valenciennes 1849 - Atlantic silver hatchetfish (S&S) - Mesopelagic, adults generally 200–500 m by day and 80 m at night, in tropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984c). In the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to Flemish Cap (Scott and Scott 1988). Caught at 1207–2745 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). MCZ and YPM—at least 135 collections from the area. Argyropelecus affinis Garman 1899 - Mesopelagic, adults generally 300–600 m by day and 100–300 m at night, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984c). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Banquereau Bank, Nova Scotia (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 137080 (1), 137131 (1), 161881 (1:37). Argyropelecus gigas Norman 1930 - Greater silver hatchetfish (S&S) - Mesopelagic, 300– 650 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Badcock 1984c). In the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to south of La Have Basin (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37422 (1), 90288 (1), 124186 (13:64–90), 124802 (3:75–85), 124988 (2:75–95), 124989 (2:80–97), 137202 (1), 137211 (1), 137214 (2:66–83), 138051 (2:84–92), 158931 (1:51), 161878–80 (3:72–80). Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco 1829 - Short silver hatchetfish (S&S) - Mesopelagic, adults 200–800 m by day and 100–600 m at night, in tropical to warm temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984c). In the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to Flemish Cap (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ and YPM—at least 110 collections from the area. Argyropelecus sladeni Regan 1908 - Mesopelagic, adults 350–600 m by day and 100–375 m at night, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Baird 1971). In the WNA from southern Brazil to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 124187 (1:53), 124657 (1:45), 135949 (1). Maurolicus weitzmani Parin and Kobyliansky 1993 - Mesopelagic, adults 200–400 m by day and 0–100 m at night, in tropical eastern Atlantic and tropical to temperate waters in the western Atlantic (Badcock 1984c, Parin and Kobyliansky 1996). In the WNA from Brazil to Flemish Cap (Parin and Kobyliansky 1996, Scott and Scott 1988). Parin and Kobyliansky (1993) split the formerly cosmopolitan Maurolicus muelleri (Gmelin, 1788) and described the WNA population as M. weitzmani (Parin and Kobyliansky 1993, Parin and Kobyliansky 1996). MCZ—at least 100 collections from the area. Polyipnus clarus Harold 1994 - Benthopelagic, 39–833 m (most commonly 300–400 m), known only from the Caribbean to the Scotian Shelf (Harold 1994, Scott and Scott 1988). Musick (1973) collected this species (identified as P. asteroides) from the Gulf of Maine. Scott and Scott (1988) illustrated the northernmost specimen (again as P. asteroides) from off Emerald Bank. MCZ—at least 30 collections from the area. Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann 1781 - Transparent hatchetfish (S&S) - Mesopelagic, 300– 1100 m, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984c). In the WNA from Brazil to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 137 collections from the area. Sternoptyx pseudobscura Baird 1971 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 800–1500 m, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Baird 1971). Uncommon in the western Atlantic but reported from southern Brazil to Flemish Cap (Badcock and Baird 1980, Zamarro and Lloris 1991). MCZ 134656 (1), 134657 (1), 138074 (1:47), 146846 (1), 146847 (1), 146849 (1), 146850 (1), 158929 (1:31), 161876–77 (3:33–51). Valenciennelleus tripunctulatus (Esmark 1871) - Mesopelagic, 100–700 m, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Badcock 1984c). In the WNA from Gulf of Mexico north to Banquereau Bank, Nova Scotia (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 129 collections from the area. STOMIIDAE Note: We here present the species within the Stomiidae (sensu Fink 1985) by subfamily, which closely follows the former family level assignments. Astronesthinae Astronesthes gemmifer Goode and Bean 1896 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2400 m, 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 185 circumglobal in tropical to temperate waters (Gibbs 1964, 1990a). In the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 133376 (1:20), 147047 (1:33), 147053 (1). Astronesthes leucopogon Regan and Trewavas 1929 - Mesopelagic, in the WNA from about south of 35ûN to 10ûN. Scott and Scott (1988) recorded two specimens from south of the Scotian Shelf between 40 and 43ûN. We have seen one specimen (MCZ 133449, 1:60) from Slope Water at 38û04’N, 68û50’W. Astronesthes macropogon Goodyear and Gibbs 1970 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2000 m (mostly 0–500 m), in tropical to subtropical Atlantic waters only. In the WNA from Brazil to the Bahamas and Bermuda (Gibbs 1990a, Goodyear and Gibbs 1970, Parin and Borodulina 1997). At least 15 lots of larvae (e.g., MCZ 133353–133367, all 34 mm or less) and one lot of postlarvae (MCZ 148607, 1:51) are known from Slope Water. The latter specimen is a range extension to waters off Hudson Canyon. Astronesthes micropogon Goodyear and Gibbs 1970 - Mesopelagic, 0–700 m, in tropical to subtropical Atlantic waters only. In the WNA from Brazil to Bermuda (Goodyear and Gibbs 1970, Parin and Borodulina 1997). One larva (MCZ 133308, 1:18), probably a Gulf Stream waif, is known from the area. In addition three juveniles (MCZ 89457, 133304, and 133307) are recorded from just south of area at about 37û15’N. Astronesthes neopogon Regan and Trewavas 1929 - Meso- to bathypelagic, previously known to occur across the Atlantic between 20ûN and 35ûN (Gibbs 1984a, 1990a). We note two specimens from the Mid-Atlantic Bight: one (MCZ 65765, 1:167, 37û05’N, 73û37’W, 401–601 m) collected near Norfolk Canyon, and another (MCZ 133284, 1:104, 38û36’N, 72û03’W, 250–500 m) from Slope Water just south of Hudson Canyon. The latter specimen is a slight northern range extension. Astronesthes niger Richardson 1844 - Mesopelagic, 0–1000 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Gibbs 1984a). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Slope Water south of Banquereau Bank (Gibbs 1964, Scott and Scott 1988). This is the most commonly caught astronesthid species in the area. MCZ—at least 34 lots in the region. Astronesthes richardsoni Poey 1852. Fig. 19 - Mesopelagic, in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic from 20ûN to 10ûS (Gibbs 1990a). A specimen (MCZ 161647, 1:83, 40û04’N, 68û05’W, 0–930 m), collected on a 2002 NMFS cruise, extends the range of the species to the south slope of Georges Bank. Astronesthes similus Parr 1927 - Mesopelagic, 0–850 m, only in the WNA from the Caribbean to the Gulf of Mexico (Gibbs 1964). A number of larvae (e.g., MCZ 42388, 132882–85, 147067, all >30 mm ) are known from Slope Water in the region. Borostomias antarcticus (Lönnberg 1905) - Straightline dragonfish (S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 350–2500 m, antitropical species found in temperate to polar waters in the North Atlantic and southern hemisphere (Gibbs 1986). In the WNA taken from 39ûN northwards to off Greenland and Iceland (Gibbs 1964). Krueger et al. (1977) reported this species from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106. We note two specimens (MCZ 132835, 37û41’N, 72û54’W, 501–1000 m and MCZ 148380, 37û09’N, 74û06’W, 700–800 m). The latter specimen, taken near Norfolk Canyon, is the southernmost record in the Figure 19. Astronesthes richardsoni, MCZ 161647, 83 mm SL, 40û04’N, 68û05’W, 0–930 m. 186 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 WNA. MCZ 37855 (1), 40484 (3), 40485 (1), 42877 (1), 132838 (1), 132839 (2), 132840 (1), 158728 (1), 162120–124 (5:86–202). Heterophotus ophistoma Regan and Trawavas 1929 - Mesopelagic, mostly 200–850 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (Gibbs 1990a). A specimen (MCZ 161559, 1:195), collected just south of Bear Seamount during a 2002 NMFS cruise, is a range extension and new area record. Neonesthes capensis (Gilchrist and von Bonde 1924) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 70–1650 m, in subtropical to temperate waters worldwide (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA between 20ûN and 40ûN (Gibbs 1964, 1984a; Gibbs and Barnett 1990). MCZ 132802 (1:147), collected in Slope Water south of La Have Bank, may be the northeasternmost record. MCZ 41125 (1), 65782 (1:50), 65783 (1:57), 65784 (1:29), 132802). Stomiinae Chauliodus danae Regan and Trewavas 1929 - Dana viperfish (S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 500–3500 m by day and 0–500 m at night, in tropical to temperate waters of the North Atlantic (Parin 1990). Known in the WNA from the Caribbean to Slope Water south of Banquereau Bank (Morrow 1964a, Scott and Scott 1988). Taken frequently in the area, although less frequently than C. sloani. MCZ and YPM—at least 76 collections from the area. Chauliodus sloani Bloch and Schneider 1801 - Sloan’s viperfish (S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 1000–1800 m by day and 0–800 m at night, widespread in most tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Parin 1990). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ and YPM—at least 225 collections from the area. Stomias affinis Günther 1887 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2000 m, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Gibbs 1990b). In the WNA from northern South America to the vicinity of Hudson Canyon (Morrow 1964b). Three lots (MCZ 128774, 1:106, 40û32’N, 63û47’W, 710–790 m; MCZ 129664, 2:27–31, 41û05’N, 63û33’W, 0–250 m; MCZ 129665, 1:41, 40û57’N, 63û35’W, 250–500 m) from Slope Water south of La Have Bank represent a northern range extension and the first Canadian records. MCZ—at least 25 collections from the area. Stomias boa ferox Reinhardt 1842 - Boa dragonfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, 0–1000 m, this subspecies is known only in the WNA from off the Carolinas to Greenland and Iceland (Gibbs 1984b, Morrow 1964b, Okamura et al. 1995. MCZ and YPM—at least 165 collections from the area. Stomias brevibarbatus Ege 1918 - Shortbarbel dragonfish (S&S) - Mesopelagic, 0–1000 m, in tropical to temperate waters of the North Atlantic (Gibbs 1990b). In the WNA from 20ûN, including the Gulf of Mexico, to 42ûN (Coad 1986, Gibbs 1984b, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). One lot (MCZ 128992) is from the center of a warm core ring south of La Have Bank and Scott and Scott (1988) reported a small juvenile from south of Emerald Bank. Another specimen (MCZ 128678, 1:67, 41û36’N, 60û30’W, 50–60 m) is from Slope Water south of Sable Island. MCZ—at least 16 collections from the area. Stomias longibarbatus (Brauer 1902) - Meso- to bathypelagic, known from subtropical to temperate waters worldwide (Gibbs 1984b). Found in the WNA from between 25ûN, including the Gulf of Mexico, to 40ûN (Gibbs 1984b, Sutton and Hopkins 1996). The northernmost specimen (MCZ 130644, 1:124) was collected just south of Browns Bank and may represent a northern range extension. Formerly placed in the genus Macrostomias (Fink and Fink 1986). MCZ 129117 (2), 130643 (1:62), 130644 (1:124). Melanostomiinae Bathophilus altipinnis Beebe 1933. Fig. 20 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 402–1464 m, previously known only from Bermuda (Morrow and Gibbs 1964) and the Gulf of Mexico (Sutton and Hopkins 1996). New area records are represented by: MCZ 84711 (1:76, 38û53’N, 71û47’W, 402–601 m) collected just south of Hudson Canyon, MCZ 148617 (1:63) from near Deepwater Dumpsite 106, and MCZ 84712 (1:64) from southeast of Cape Hatteras. MCZ 84712 has pectoral fin-ray counts of 20–21 and pelvic fin-ray counts of 14 that most closely approach B. proximus or possibly B. altipinnis (Barnett and Gibbs 1968). 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 187 Bathophilus brevis Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 75–1650 m, in the WNA from northern Florida to Cape Hatteras and Bermuda (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Morrow and Gibbs 1964). Markle and Musick (1974) reported a specimen from between Toms and Hudson canyons (39û08’N, 72û18’W, 0–914 m) that is the northernmost western Atlantic record. Bathophilus digitatus (Welsh 1923) - Mesopelagic, 0–500 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide. In the WNA from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico to Bermuda (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). Post-larval specimens have been collected as far north as Slope Water off the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank (MCZ 84746, 1:24). MCZ 84723 (1), 148433 (1). Bathophilus longipinnis (Pappenheim 1914) - Mesopelagic, 0–1000 m, in subtropical waters worldwide (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). Previously recorded in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to Bermuda (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Morrow and Gibbs 1964). MCZ collections document a widespread distribution in the Sargasso Sea. Two adults and two juveniles from Slope Water from south of Veatch Canyon (MCZ 84750, 1:96, 39û25’N, 69û31’W, 500–750 m), SSE of Corsair Canyon (MCZ 84769, 1:17, 39û46’N, 65û14’W, 600–800 m and MCZ 84770, 1:66, 39û46’N, 65û14’W, 200–400 m), and southeast of Munson Canyon (MCZ 84771, 1:20, 39û27’N, 65û35’W, 600–800 m) represent a range extension to the vicinity of Georges Bank. Bathophilus pawneei Parr 1927 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 50–1500 m (mostly 100–500 m), in tropical waters worldwide (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA, previously known from 20ûN to 32ûN, including the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and the southeastern United States coast (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). An adult (MCZ 84929, 1:85, 38û56’N, 69û32’W) and several post-larvae (MCZ 84883, 84886–91, between 14–38 mm) were taken in Slope Water by WHOI. An adult was collected by NMFS from Bear Seamount (MCZ 158904, 1:125). A juvenile taken by WHOI from Slope Water south of Banquereau (MCZ 84909, 1:40, 41û16’N, 57û37’W, 65–85 m) is the northeasternmost record. Bathophilus vaillanti (Zugmayer 1911) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–3500 m, in subtropical to temperate North Atlantic waters. In the WNA from the Bahamas to off Banquereau Bank (Scott and Scott 1988). This species was previously treated as B. metallicus (Welsh 1923) until reviewed by Gibbs and Barnett (1990). MCZ—at least 18 collections from the area. Chirostomias pliopterus Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1300 m (most between 75–500 m), in subtropical to temperate North Atlantic waters (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Morrow and Gibbs 1964). In the WNA from 20ûN to off Banquereau Bank (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 42274 (1:117), 42275 (1:52), 53240 (1:200), 86746 (1:66), 162131 (1:83). Echiostoma barbatum Lowe 1843 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1900 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA from the Caribbean to 42ûN (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). Reported near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Krueger et al. 1977). A very large specimen (MCZ 161590, 1:365) was collected near Bear Seamount during a 2002 NMFS cruise. MCZ - 17 collections from the area. Figure 20. Bathophilus altipinnis, MCZ 84711, 76 mm SL, 38û53’N, 71û47’W, 402–601 m. 188 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Eustomias achirus Parin and Pokhilskaya 1974 - Mesopelagic, known from scattered records in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Clarke 1998, Parin and Pokhilskaya 1974). In the WNA from the Bahamas and Gulf of Mexico to Nova Scotia (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Clark 1998). A specimen from Slope Water off Browns Bank (MCZ 53244, 1:73, 39û56’N to64û34’W, 0–900 m) is the northernmost record (Clarke 1998). Eustomias bibulbosus Parr 1927 - Mesopelagic, 75–750 m, only in the subtropical to temperate WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas to Slope Water off Georges Bank (Gibbs et al. 1983). Three specimens (MCZ 70465, 57022, and 70464) come from off the eastern end of Georges Bank, and one from nearby Bear Seamount (161552, 1:127). Eustomias borealis Clarke 2000 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1800 m, only in the WNA from south of Bermuda to Slope Water south of La Have Bank (Clarke 2000). A specimen (ARC 8704341, 1:95, 39û52’N to 63û47’W) is the northeasternmost record. MCZ 96093 (1:128, 38û55’N to 72û28’W, 0–750 m). Eustomias enbarbatus Welsh 1923 - Mesopelagic, known from tropical to temperate Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from the Caribbean Sea to about of 40ûN (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). One specimen (MCZ 97738) is from 38û21’N, 67û38’W and another (MCZ 70622, 1:94), collected from Slope Water south of La Have Bank, is probably the northeasternmost record. Eustomias filifer (Gilchrist 1906) - Mesopelagic, in the WNA from Gulf of Mexico and off the East coast from 28ûN to 40ûN (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). MCZ 162130 (1:68), USNM 323052 (1), 323060 (1), 323064 (1). Eustomias fissibarbis (Pappenheim 1914) - Mesopelagic, known from the tropical to temperate Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to off Banquereau Bank (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 96102 (1:55, 38û53”N, 70û48’W), 162128 (1:61). Eustomias macrurus Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Mesopelagic, known from tropical and subtropical waters in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). Found in the WNA from the Antilles northward to 42ûN (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). We have seen one specimen (MCZ 96117) from south of Veatch Canyon. Eustomias obscurus Vaillant 1884 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1650 m, in tropical to subtropical waters of the Atlantic (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from 10ûN to 40ûN (Morrow and Gibbs 1964). The northeasternmost specimens were taken over the continental rise south of Hydrographer Canyon (MCZ 149221) and near Bear Seamount (MCZ 162126:126). MCZ 96131 (1), 162125 (1), 162127 (1), 161553 (1). Eustomias satterleei Beebe 1933 - Mesopelagic, in the WNA from off Florida to Browns Bank (Clarke 2000). ARC 8704333 (1:62, 39û30’N to 65û05’W). Eustomias schiffi Beebe 1932 - Mesopelagic, 200–800 m, known only from the northern Sargasso Sea and Slope Water west of 50ûW (Gomon and Gibbs 1985). A specimen (MCZ 70463) from off Georges Bank just south of Oceanographer Canyon is the northeasternmost record (Gomon and Gibbs 1985). MCZ 70619 (1). Eustomias schmidti Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Mesopelagic, 0–440 m, in tropical to subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from the Caribbean to 38ûN (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Morrow and Gibbs 1964). Reported near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 by Krueger et al. (1977). Two specimens (MCZ 70445, 2:54–62) were taken south of the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank and another near Bear Seamount (MCZ 162129, 1:91). MCZ 132535 (1:65), 157813 (1:65), 161554 (1:83), 162129 (1:91). Flagellostomias boureei (Zugmayer 1913) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 75–1825 m, in subtropical to warm temperate waters worldwide (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA, usually from the Bahamas and Bermuda to 33ûN (Morrow and Gibbs 1964) but known as far north as 58ûN to the east of Greenland (Gibbs 1984c). Numerous larvae and postlarvae (e.g., MCZ 65803, 1:47; MCZ 65804, 1:43; MCZ 70493, 1:29) known from Slope Water. One subadult (MCZ 155386, 1:66, 35û05’N, 72û18’W, 0–700 m) was taken 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 189 off Cape Hatteras and three adults (MCZ 53252, 1:126, 39û22’N, 70û49’W, 0–1050 m; MCZ 70491, 1:234, 39û28’N, 71û01’W, 0–1000 m; and MCZ 155392, 1:179, 39û48’N, 70û41’W, 0–700 m) were collected south of Block Canyon. A juvenile (MCZ 65802, 1:51, 41û05’N, 63û33’W, 250–500 m) is a new record for Canadian waters. MCZ 42278 (1), 70491 (1:234), 162136–37 (2:60–87). Grammatostomias circularis Morrow 1959 - Mesopelagic, in tropical to subtropical Atlantic waters (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA between 19ûN to 32ûN (Gibbs 1984c). A postlarval waif (MCZ 70499, 1:44) was taken off the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank. Grammatostomias dentatus Goode and Bean 1896 - Mesopelagic, in tropical to subtropical Atlantic waters (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). The holotype (USNM 37370) is from off Georges Bank, just south of Hydrographer Canyon (Goode and Bean 1896 stated “east of Delaware”). One specimen (MCZ 70497, 1:146, 39û27’N, 65û35’W, 800–1000 m) is from southeast of Georges Bank and two more from near Bear Seamount (MCZ 161555, 1:97; 162135, 1:65). MCZ 132497 (1:74, 38û24’N, 71û08’W). Grammatostomias flagellibarba Holt and Byrne 1910 - Meso- to bathypelagic, in tropical to subtropical waters of the North Atlantic, previously known from 15ûN and 32ûN in the WNA (Gibbs 1984c). Two juveniles (MCZ 155414, 1:36, 35û04’N, 72û09’W, 0–700 m and MCZ 70503, 1:25, 39û27’N, 65û35’W, 600–800 m) were collected off Cape Hatteras and in Slope Water southeast of Georges Bank. The latter is a northward range extension. Leptostomias bilobatus (Koefoed 1956) - Mesopelagic, 0–1350 m, known from widely scattered sites in the Atlantic and southwestern Indian oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico (Morrow and Gibbs 1964) and the Sargasso Sea (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). Krueger et al. (1977) reported three specimens (MCZ 132435) from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106. Leptostomias gladiator (Zugmayer 1911) - Mesopelagic, in subtropical to temperate waters worldwide (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA from 25ûN to 40ûN, Figure 21. Leptostomias longibarba MCZ 158734, 340 mm SL, 39û53’N, 67û30’W, 2217– 2756 m. 190 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 including the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (Gibbs 1984c). One specimen (MCZ 148432, 1:64) was taken off Toms Canyon. Leptostomias longibarba Regan and Trewavas 1930. Fig. 21 - Meso- to bathypelagic, in tropical to warm temperate waters of the Atlantic and western Pacific (Gibbs 1984b). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Bermuda (Gibbs 1984b, Morrow and Gibbs 1964). A 2000 NMFS cruise collected a large specimen (MCZ 158734, 1:340) from Bear Seamount. In addition, a 2002 NMFS cruise collected a specimen (MCZ 162233, 1:67, 40û10’N, 67û51’W) that seems close to L. bermudensis Beebe 1932, a taxon that Gibbs and Barnett (1990) tentatively synonymized with L. longibarba. Melanostomias bartonbeani Parr 1927 - Mesopelagic, in subtropical to temperate waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from the Bahamas to east of Newfoundland (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). This is the most common Melanostomias in the area. MCZ and YPM—at least 35 collections from the area. Melanostomias biseriatus Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 45–1350 m, in tropical to subtropical Atlantic waters (Morrow and Gibbs 1964, Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA between 25ûN to 35ûN (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). The following specimens are larval and postlarval waifs taken in Slope Water from Georges Bank to La Have Bank: MCZ 132259 (1), 132260 (1), 132261 (3), 132262 (1), 132263 (1), 132264 (1), 132265 (1), 132266 (1), 132267 (1), 132268 (1). Melanostomias melanopogon Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Mesopelagic, known from the WNA between 20ûN to 32ûN and one specimen taken in the eastern Atlantic (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). A juvenile (MCZ 132241, 1:69) was taken in Slope Water south of Georges Bank. Melanostomias melanops Brauer 1902 - Mesopelagic, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA, formerly known from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico between 8ûN to 35ûN (Gibbs 1984c, Gibbs and Barnett 1990). Three specimens (MCZ 155412, 1:155, 35û05’N, 72û18’W, 0–700 m; MCZ 155432, 1:235, 38û11’N, 73û38’W, 0–682 m; MCZ 148622, 1:250, 38û23’N, 72û44’W, 0–500 m) taken near Cape Hatteras, near Baltimore Canyon, and east of Wilmington Canyon, respectively, are the first records north of the Straits of Florida and a range extension to the Delaware slope. Melanostomias tentaculatus (Regan and Trewavas 1930) - Mesopelagic, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Cape Hatteras (Gibbs 1984c, Gibbs and Barnett 1990, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). The following larvae and postlarvae were collected from south of Alvin Canyon to south of La Have Bank. MCZ 132196 (1:35), 132197 (1:37), 132198 (1:61), 132213 (1:39). Melanostomias valdiviae Brauer 1902 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2000 m, in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from the Caribbean to off Sable Island, Nova Scotia (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). Musick et al. (1975) reported this species near Deepwater Dumpsite 106. USNM 221038 (1). Photonectes braueri (Zugmayer 1913) - Mesopelagic, in subtropical to temperate waters of the Atlantic and western Indian oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). Previously known in the WNA between 23ûN and 32ûN (Gibbs 1984c) but juveniles (MCZ 132077, 1:61, 39û28’N, 64û36’W; 132076, 1:52, 38û57’N, 71û15’W) are from Slope Water south of Georges Bank. Photonectes dinema Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Mesopelagic, in subtropical to temperate waters in the North Atlantic (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA between 24ûN and 38ûN, including the Gulf of Mexico (Gibbs 1984c, Gibbs and Barnett 1990, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). A juvenile (MCZ 148620, 1:82), probably a Gulf Stream waif, was taken just south of Hudson Canyon. Photonectes margarita (Goode and Bean 1896) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2000 m, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). Found in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to almost 48ûN, including the vicinity of the Grand Banks (Morrow and Gibbs 1964, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 20 collections from the area. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 191 Photonectes mirabilis Parr 1927 - Mesopelagic, 150–1200 m, in subtropical to temperate waters in the Atlantic and western Indian oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from 23ûN to 37ûN, including the Gulf of Mexico and Bermuda (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Morrow and Gibbs 1964, Sutton and Hopkins 1996). A number of postlarvae and juveniles, possibly Gulf Stream waifs, have been collected from Slope Water. The northeasternmost (MCZ 132048, 1:18) is from off La Have Bank. MCZ 132036 (1:17), 132046 (1:24), 132047 (1:28), 132049 (1:29), 132050 (1:38). Photonectes parvimanus Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1466 m, in subtropical to temperate waters in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA between 23ûN and 33ûN, including the Gulf of Mexico (Gibbs 1984c, Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Morrow and Gibbs 1964, Sutton and Hopkins 1996). Reported near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 by Krueger et al. (1977). Two small specimens (MCZ 132082, 1:17 and 148621, 1:28), probably Gulf Stream waifs, come from Slope Water south of Browns Bank. Photonectes phyllopogon Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Mesopelagic, known from widely scattered specimens: the holotype taken in the Caribbean (Morrow and Gibbs 1964), two specimens from the Gulf of Mexico (Sutton and Hopkins 1996), one each from the eastern Atlantic, the Indian and Pacific oceans (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). A specimen (MCZ 53263, 1:21, 39û38’N, 70û03’W, 0–1000 m) was caught over the continental rise south of Atlantis Canyon. Trigonolampa miriceps Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Threelight dragonfish (S&S). Fig. 22 - Mesopelagic, possibly bathypelagic, known from temperate to polar waters in both hemispheres, in the WNA from 37ûN to Greenland (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Okamura et al. 1995). Previous WNA records (Morrow and Gibbs 1964, Parr 1933, Scott and Scott 1988) have noted only two specimens (MCZ 37161 and 35775), one of which was taken from the stomach of a swordfish. Reported near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1992). More recent specimens (MCZ 124654, 1:255, 39û53’N, 71û17’W, 0–647 m; MCZ 124655, 1:250, 39û55’N, 70û35’W, 0–915 m; MCZ 137986, 1:187, 39û42’N, 71û27’W, 0– 1830 m; YPM 11438, 1:259, 38û25’N, 73û45’W, 0–1466 m), summarized by Hartel and Craddock (2002), represent additional area records. Idiacanthinae Idiacanthus fasciola Peters 1877 - Ribbon sawtailfish (S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic, females at 500–2000 m by day and 0–250 m by night, while males are at 1000–2000 m day and night, in subtropical to temperate waters worldwide (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). Known in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 50 collections from the area. Malacosteinae Aristostomias grimaldii Zugmayer 1913 - Mesopelagic, 25–800 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). Previously reported in the WNA from the Caribbean to off North Carolina (Morrow 1964c). A number of postlarvae are recorded in the Slope Water (e.g., MCZ 53264, 52265, 70531, 70532; all 50 mm or less). Four adults, MCZ 148394 (1:180, 37û09’N, 74û06’W) taken near Norfolk Canyon; MCZ 148393 (1:148, 38û48’N, 72û02’W, 400–500 m) collected at Deepwater Dumpsite 106; Figure 22. Trigonolampa miriceps, MCZ 137986, 187 mm SL, 39û42’N, 71û27’W, 0– 1830 m. 192 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 MCZ 70516 (1:194, 38û58’N, 68û18’W, 601–799 m) captured south of Welker Canyon; and MCZ 70517 (1:171, 39û28’N, 64û36’W, 800–1000 m) from south of Browns Bank, are northward extensions in Slope Water. Aristostomias lunifer Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Mesopelagic, in the tropical to temperate waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Goodyear 1990). In the WNA to about 34ûN (Goodyear 1990). A large specimen (MCZ 162258, 1:205, 39û58’N, 67û24’W) collected near Bear Seamount in 2002, and a smaller specimen from the north Sargasso Sea (MCZ 70518, 1:92, 37û00’N, 71û17’W, 750–500 m) document the species from the area. Aristostomias polydactylus Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Mesopelagic, 25–1000 m, in tropical to subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans (Goodyear 1990). In the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to South Carolina (Goodyear 1990, Morrow 1964c). A number of larvae (e.g., MCZ 70547, 131879, 37 mm or less) and postlarvae (MCZ 70546,1:78) were collected in area Slope Water. The northernmost occurrence is a postlarva (MCZ 131880, 1:49, 41û16’N, 57û37’W, 65–85 m) from off Banquereau Bank, Nova Scotia. Aristostomias tittmanni Welsh 1923 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2000 m, known from the North Atlantic and southeastern Pacific (Gibbs 1984d). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Emerald Bank, Nova Scotia (Gibbs 1984d, Scott and Scott 1988). A number of larvae (e.g., MCZ 53271, 70522, 70524, 98643, 148395, all 43 mm or less) were found in area Slope Water and an adult (MCZ 158948, 1:135) was collected by the 2000 NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount. MCZ 58811 (1:180), 148396 (1:190), YPM 13038. Aristostomias xenostoma Regan and Trewavas 1930 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2000 m, in tropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific oceans (Gibbs 1984d). In the WNA from the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Florida (Gibbs 1984d, Morrow 1964c). One postlarva (MCZ 147059, 1:27), probably a Gulf Stream waif, was taken in the area south of La Have Bank. Malacosteus niger Ayres 1848 - Lightless loosejaw (S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). In the WNA from the Caribbean to Greenland (Goodyear 1990, Morrow 1964c). MCZ—at least 65 collections from the area. Pachystomias microdon (Günther 1878) - Meso- to bathypelagic, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide (Gibbs and Barnett 1990). In the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to southeast of Nova Scotia (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Morrow and Gibbs 1964). One specimen (MCZ 60710, 1:30) was collected south of Browns Bank. MCZ 70579 (1:74). Photostomias guernei Collett 1889 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–3100 m, in tropical to temperate waters of the North Atlantic (Goodyear 1990). In the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to south of the Grand Banks (Goodyear 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 62 collections from the area. Photostomias sp. - Mesopelagic, 200–1000 m, from Bermuda, the Bahamas, and off Madeira. This recognized but not formally described species (Goodyear 1990) has been found in the area. Specimens taken near Bear Seamount in 2002 (MCZ 162259–64, 7:92– 175) are the first area records. ATELEOPODIFORMES ATELEOPODIDAE Ijimaia antillarum Howell Rivero 1935 - Benthopelagic, 350–660 m, known only from the tropical to temperate WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (Howell Rivero 1935, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Moore 2003). One specimen (MCZ 148518, 1:660 TL), taken at a depth of 460 m on the continental slope south of Block Island, is the northernmost record. We have also seen an image of a specimen (USNM 371623, 1: ca. 900 mm) brought into Montauk, NY and caught by F/V Perception along the 180 m contour line south of eastern Long Island and east of New Jersey (NMFS fishing area 616) in November 2002 (via E. Braun and S. Jewett). 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 193 AULOPIFORMES SYNODONTIDAE Bathysaurus ferox Günther 1878 - Benthic, 862–3460 m (most commonly 1000–2500 m), in the WNA from off southern Brazil to Davis Strait (Sulak et al. 1985). Sulak (1984a) synonymized B. agassizi Goode and Bean, 1883 with this species. Therefore, published references to B. agassizi are included here as B. ferox. Caught at 2130–2286 m (Musick et al. 1975) and seen at 1704–2507 m (Cohen and Pawson 1977) at Deepwater Dumpsite 106. Caught at 1500–1960 m in Hudson Canyon (Haedrich and Polloni 1974). MCZ 35101 (1), 55013 (2), 55015 (1), 55018 (2), 55019 (1), 55247 (1), 55305 (2:185–263), 57334 (1), 62409 (2:210–400), 138024 (5:230–278), 158865 (1:520), 158998 (1:550). Bathysaurus mollis Günther 1878 - Benthic, 1683–4903 m (mostly 2500–4500 m), in tropical to temperate waters worldwide. In the WNA from northern Brazil to New England (Sulak et al. 1985). Observed at 2786–2808 m (Cohen and Pawson 1977) and collected at 2899 m (Musick et al. 1992) near Deepwater Dumpsite 106. The northernmost specimen (MCZ 58571) was taken south of Veatch Canyon. MCZ 55020 (2), 55442 (1), 58570 (1:760). CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE Chlorophthalmus agassizi Bonaparte 1840 - Shortnose greeneye (AFS) - Benthic, 50– 1000 m, known from the tropical to warm temperate Atlantic. In the WNA from Suriname to Sable Island Bank (Scott and Scott 1988, Sulak 1984b). MCZ and YPM—at least 90 collections from the area. Parasudis truculenta (Goode and Bean 1896) - Longnose greeneye (AFS) - Benthic, 183– 480 m, in the WNA from Brazil to La Have Bank (Hartel and Stiassny 1986, Mead 1966a, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37609 (3), 37875 (2), 62402 (1:85), 78013 (1), 146978 (1:103), 149955 (1:115), YPM 11298 (1). IPNOPIDAE Bathypterois dubius Vaillant 1888 - Spiderfish (FNAM, S&S) - Benthic, 750–1950 m, in the eastern North Atlantic, with one previous record from the Grand Banks in the WNA (Templeman 1966). A specimen (YPM 11271, 1:226, 39û54’N, 67û26’W, 1188 m), taken at Bear Seamount by F/V Matthew Melissa, is the second WNA record and the first from United States waters. Bathypterois grallator (Goode and Bean 1886) – Tripodfish (FNAM) - Benthic, 878–3980 m, known from the tropical to warm temperate Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific oceans. In the WNA from northern South America to southern New England (Sulak 1977b). Syntypes (USNM 35651) of this species were caught near Block Canyon. Also caught between 2097–2208 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975, Musick et al. 1992). MCZ 55455 (1). Bathypterois phenax Parr 1928 - Blackfin spiderfish (FNAM). Fig. 23 - Benthic, 800– 2900 m (commonly 1200–2000 m), in tropical to warm temperate waters in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to Georges Bank (Mead 1966b, Sulak 1984b). Observed between 1704–2808 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Cohen and Pawson 1977) and caught at 1500–1960 m in Hudson Canyon (Haedrich and Polloni 1974). One additional specimen (MCZ 57624, 38û58’N, 69û50’W, 2903 m) is from the continental rise south of Nantucket. Additional specimens (MCZ 158828, 28:121–186) were collected in 2000 from Bear Seamount. Bathypterois quadrifilis Günther 1878 - Benthic, 402–1408 m, in tropical to warm temperate Atlantic waters. In the WNA from Brazil to Sable Island Bank (Scott and Scott 1988, Sulak 1990b). Musick et al. (1992) collected one from the vicinity of Deepwater Dumpsite 106 at 1279 m. Eighteen specimens (MCZ 158789, 3:117–156; 158790, 8:142–161; 158785, 5:68–157; and 162311, 2:164–165) were collected from Bear Seamount in 2000 and 2002. Bathypterois viridensis (Roule 1916) - Benthic, 476–1477 m, in tropical to warm temperate Atlantic waters. In the WNA from northern Brazil to Georges Bank (Sulak 1977b, 1990b). A specimen was caught on the slope of Georges Bank near Nygren Canyon (MCZ 37642,40û42’N, 66û43’W, 898–990 m). 194 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Bathytyphlops marionae Mead 1958 - Benthic, 869–2651 m, in tropical waters of the Atlantic, western Indian, and Pacific oceans. Previously known in the WNA from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and off Virginia (Sulak 1974, 1990b). One recent specimen (MCZ 153556, 1:310, 38û25’N, 73û45’W, 183–1465 m) caught off Delaware near Wilmington Canyon is a slight range extension. Ipnops murrayi Günther 1878 - Benthic, 1463–3518 m, in tropical to warm temperate Atlantic waters. In the WNA from Brazil to the Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Mead 1966c), however, one was observed at 2400–2452 m near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 by Cohen and Pawson (1977). GIGANTURIDAE Gigantura indica Brauer 1901 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 500–2000+ m, previously known in the tropical to subtropical WNA as Gigantura gracilis or Bathyleptus gracilis (Johnson and Bertelsen 1991, Walters 1964). A juvenile (MCZ 155475, 1:78, 39û47’N, 70û49’W, 0– 700 m) caught by NMFS in a plume of water from a warm-core ring between Block and Alvin canyons and another (MCZ 161541, 1:110) collected near Bear Seamount by a 2002 NMFS cruise represent the first records north of Florida and range extensions to the New England slope. PARALEPIDIDAE Arctozenus risso (Bonaparte 1840) - White barracudina (AFS) - Mesopelagic, mainly 200–1000 m, in the WNA from Georgia to Greenland (Scott and Scott 1988). Reported from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 by Krueger et al. (1977). This is the most common barracudina in the area. Formerly placed in the genus Notolepis (Post 1990a). MCZ and YPM—at least 150 lots from the area. Lestidiops affinis (Ege 1930) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2000 m (usually less than 600 m), in tropical to warm temperate Atlantic waters. In the WNA from Brazil to off the Grand Banks (Post 1984, Rofen 1966a). MCZ—at least 21 lots of larvae and juveniles (all less than 63 mm) from the area. Lestidiops jayakari (Boulenger 1889) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 200–2000 m, in tropical to warm temperate waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific oceans. In the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to off the Grand Banks (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Post Figure 23. Bathypterois phenax MCZ 158828, 180 mm SL, 39û52’N, 67û20’W, 0–1750 m. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 195 1990a, Rofen 1966a). MCZ 68064 (1:59), 68102 (1:34), 68994 (1), 68998 (1:31), 93264 (3:14.5–46), 130980 (2:50–54). Lestidium atlanticum Borodin 1928 - Mesopelagic, 0–1200 m, in tropical to warm temperate waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific oceans. Previously known in the WNA from southern Brazil to Cape Hatteras (Rofen 1966a). Larvae (MCZ 68147–48, 40û13’N, 67û20’W) were collected from near Powell Canyon and adults near Atlantis Canyon (MCZ 62043, 1:168, 39û56’N, 70û04’W, 282–330 m) and near Bear Seamount (MCZ 161676–77, 3:100–107). Lestrolepis intermedia (Poey 1868) - Mesopelagic, in tropical to warm temperate waters worldwide. Previously known in the WNA from northern Brazil to Cape Hatteras (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Rofen 1966a). Six specimens (MCZ 99587, 1:189, 39û05’N, 72û43’W, 198–256 m; 109965, 1:~180, 38û12’N, 73û42’W, 155 m; 150795, 1:193, 38û52’N, 72û54’W, 230 m; 161664, 1:104, 39û51’N, 67û19’W, 0–1413 m; 161666, 1:108, 39û54’N, 67û27’W, 0–450 m; and 161665, 1:128, 40û15’N, 67û10’W, 0–1600 m) represent a northward range extension to the area southeast of Powell Canyon (MCZ 161665). Many additional larvae and juveniles are known from the Gulf Stream as far east as 60ûW. MCZ—at least 20 collections from the area. Macroparalepis affinis Ege 1933 - Meso- to bathypelagic, adults 400–2000 m, in the WNA from the Bahamas to Cape Hatteras and the Sargasso Sea (Post 1990a, Rofen 1966a). Caught at 951 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). One specimen (MCZ 155290, 1:138) from the stomach of Alepisaurus brevirostris taken at 39û23’N, 68û33’W and another specimen (MCZ 126718, 1:145; 39û37’N, 71û52’W) document it in the area. Macroparalepis brevis Ege 1933. Fig. 24 - Mesopelagic, 0–650 m, antitropical to about 35ûN (Post 1990a). A 2002 NMFS cruise collected specimens (MCZ 162094–97, 5:79– 122) near Bear Seamount that represent a slight northerly range extension. Magnisudis atlantica (Krøyer 1868) - Duckbill barracudina (AFS) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 66–2166 m (mostly 230–1100 m), in tropical to polar waters worldwide. In the WNA from northern Brazil to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995; Post 1987, 1990a; Scott and Scott 1988). Formerly placed in the genus Paralepis. MCZ—at least 29 collections from the area. Paralepis brevirostris (Parr 1928) - Mesopelagic, to >1000 m, known from the Caribbean to 38ûN (Post 1984, 1987). One larva (MCZ 130828, 1:16) was collected from the center of a warm-core ring at 39û27’N, 65û35’W. Paralepis coregonoides Risso 1820 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 3–1500 m, in the WNA from Bahamas to Davis Strait (Post 1987, Rofen 1966a). Krueger et al. (1977) reported this species from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106. MCZ—at least 35 collections from the area. Paralepis elongata (Brauer 1906) - Meso- to bathypelagic, to 3000 m, in the WNA from 20ûN to 38ûN (Post 1990a, Rofen 1966a). MCZ has 6 lots of larvae from the area, plus adults from south of La Have Bank (MCZ 38042) and from south of St. Pierre Bank (MCZ 86998). Stemonosudis intermedia (Ege 1933) - Mesopelagic, to 1000 m, in tropical to temperate North Atlantic waters. In the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to off the Grand Banks (Post 1990a, Rofen 1966a). MCZ 91367 (1:100, 38û12’N, 69û57’W, 150 mwo). Figure 24. Macroparalepis brevis, MCZ 162097, 122 mm SL, 39û51’N, 67û22’W, 0–1400 m. 196 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Stemnosudis rothschildi Richards 1967. Fig. 25 - Mesopelagic, in the WNA from the Caribbean to off North Carolina (Uyeno et al. 1983). One specimen (MCZ 161557, 1:76, 40û43’N, 66û37’W, 0–457 m) taken near Nygren Canyon during a NMFS cruise in 2002 is a range extension and a new record for New England waters. Sudis atrox Rofen 1963 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 30–2250 m, in waters of the WNA and eastern Pacific oceans. In the WNA from southern Brazil to off Virginia with most records based on postlarvae (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Shores 1969). Specimens (MCZ 67358, 68612, 68644, 68659, 130689, 7:10–34) from Slope Water extend the range north to 41û36’N, 52û21’W. Sudis hyalina Rafinesque 1810 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 200–2000 m, in the WNA from southern Brazil to off the Grand Banks (Post 1990b, Shores 1969). MCZ—at least 18 collections from the area. Uncisudis advena (Rofen 1963) - Mesopelagic, 813–997 m, previously known in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and off Florida (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Rofen 1966a). MCZ specimens show that larvae and postlarvae are widely distributed as Gulf Stream waifs from Cape Hatteras to the Grand Banks. The northernmost (MCZ 68524, 1:22, 42û35’N, 45û56’W, 40–50 m) was collected in Slope Water southeast of the Grand Banks. ANOTOPTERIDAE Anotopterus pharao Zugmayer 1911 - Daggertooth (AFS) - Meso- to bathypelagic, in the WNA known from off Georgia to Davis Strait (Scott and Scott 1988). Rofen (1966b) noted a specimen taken in the area from the stomach of an Alepisaurus and we have seen a second specimen (MCZ 55204, 1:555), also from an Alepisaurus, taken about 100 miles south of Woods Hole. ALEPISAURIDAE Alepisaurus brevirostris Gibbs 1960 - Shortnose lancetfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, in the WNA from 36ûN to Flemish Cap (Gibbs 1960, Gibbs and Wilimovsky 1966, Scott and Scott 1988). The holotype (USNM 186197) and paratypes (CU 34916, UMMZ 177186, MCZ 40635) were taken near Georges Bank. An additional specimen (MCZ 161489, 1:547) was collected at Bear Seamount by a 2002 NMFS cruise. MCZ 42154 (1). Alepisaurus ferox Lowe 1833 - Longnose lancetfish (AFS) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1000+ m, in tropical to warm temperate waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to La Have Bank, Nova Scotia (Gibbs 1960, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 40540 (1:730), 42377 (1), 42990 (1), 42992 (1), 42993 (1), 122938 (1:130 HL), 127350 (1), 138013 (1:242), 161490 (1:98). OMOSUDIDAE Omosudis lowii Günther 1887 - Hammerjaw, Halterfish (S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 700–1800 m, in tropical to warm temperate waters worldwide. In the WNA from the Caribbean to Flemish Cap (Rofen 1966c, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 69211 (1), 69212 (1), 69213 (1), 69214 (1), 69615 (1), 69216 (1), 127327 (1), 158830 (1), 161678 (1:54), 161582–84 (3:79–103). SCOPELARCHIDAE Scopelarchoides danae Johnson 1974 - Mesopelagic, 300–800 m, in tropical waters worldwide. In the WNA from the Caribbean to south of the Grand Banks (Johnson 1982, 1990). MCZ 70368 (1), 70369 (1), 70370 (2). Scopelarchus analis (Brauer 1902) - Shortfin pearleye (FNAM) - Mesopelagic, 0–275 m at night and 800+ m by day, in tropical to warm temperate waters worldwide. In the WNA Figure 25. Stemonosudis rothschildi, MCZ 161557, 76 mm SL, 40û43’N, 66û37’W, 0–457 m. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 197 from southern Brazil to south of the Grand Banks (Johnson 1982, 1984). MCZ—at least 27 collections from the area. Scopelarchus michaelsarsi Koefoed 1955 - Bigfin pearleye (FNAM) - Mesopelagic, 256– 500 + m, in tropical and warm temperate waters of the western Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. In the WNA from southern Brazil to south of the Grand Banks (Johnson 1982, 1984). MCZ 71137 (1), 71162 (1), 71163 (1), 71170(1), 127137 (1). NOTOSUDIDAE Ahliesaurus berryi Bertelsen, Krefft and Marshall 1976 - Epi- to mesopelagic as juveniles, adults usually below 500 m, in the Atlantic from 38ûS to Bermuda (Bertelsen et al. 1976). Three specimens (MCZ 161660–62, 3:206–249) taken near Bear Seamount by a 2002 NMFS cruise extend the known range north. MCZ also has juveniles from the northern Sargasso Sea between 36ûto near 38ûN (MCZ 83564–67). Scopelosaurus argenteus (Maul 1954) - Meso- to benthopelagic, juveniles at 100–600 m and adults at 500+ m, in tropical to warm temperate waters of the Atlantic Ocean. In the WNA from Brazil to about 42ûN in the Gulf Stream (Bertelsen et al. 1976, Krefft 1984, MCZ specimens). MCZ collections include a number of juveniles from Slope Water. MCZ 126923 (1), 126924 (1), 126925 (1), 126926 (1), 126927 (1), 126928 (1), 126929 (1), 126930 (1), 126931 (1), 126932 (1), 126933 (1), 148604 (1), 148605 (1). Scopelosaurus lepidus (Krefft and Maul 1955). Fig. 26 - Meso- to benthopelagic, juveniles at 70–200 m and adults at 500–800 m, widespread in the Atlantic (Bertelsen et al. 1976). Scott and Scott (1988) noted a specimen from off La Have Bank. A NMFS cruise to Bear Seamount in 2000 collected an adult (MCZ 158749, 1:309). Scopelosaurus mauli Bertelsen, Krefft and Marshall 1976 - Meso- to benthopelagic, in tropical to subtropical waters of the western Atlantic, western Indian and western Pacific Oceans. In the WNA from the Caribbean to south of the Grand Banks (Bertelsen et al. 1976). MCZ 93267 (1:18.2), 127004 (1), 127005 (1), 127006 (1), 127007 (1), 127008 (1), 127009 (1), 127010 (1), 127011 (1), 127012 (1), 161657–59 (6:68–95). Scopelosaurus smithii Bean 1925 - Meso- to benthopelagic, juveniles at 50–200 m and adults at 200–600 m, in tropical waters worldwide. In the WNA from Brazil to southeast of the Grand Banks (Bertelsen et al. 1976, Krefft 1984). MCZ 127034 (1), 127049 (1), 127050 (1), 148601 (1), 148602 (1), 148603 (1). EVERMANNELLIDAE Coccorella atlantica (Parr 1928) - Atlantic sabretooth (FNAM) - Mesopelagic, 100–500+ m, in subtropical to warm temperate waters worldwide. In the WNA from northern South America to Georges Bank (Johnson 1982). Area specimens come from the vicinity of Bear Seamount (MCZ 161930, 161931) and off Munson Canyon (MCZ 161932), and the northeasternmost record is from off La Have Bank (MCZ 73049). MCZ—at least 20 collections from the area. Evermannella balbo (Risso 1820) - Balbo sabretooth (FNAM) - Mesopelagic, 100–800 m, in the WNA from Bermuda to Flemish Cap (Johnson 1982). Reported (as E. sicaria) from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 by Krueger et al. (1977). MCZ—at least 15 collections from the area. Evermannella indica Brauer 1906 - Indian sabretooth (FNAM) - Mesopelagic, 100–800 m (adults mostly 500–800 m), in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide. In the WNA from South America to south of the Grand Banks (Johnson 1982). MCZ—at least 18 collections from the area. Figure 26. Scopelosaurus lepidus, MCZ 158749, 309 mm SL, 39û52’N, 67û20’W, 0–1750 m. 198 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 MYCTOPHIFORMES NEOSCOPELIDAE Neoscopelus macrolepidotus Johnson 1863. Fig. 27 - Benthopelagic, 300–800 m, in tropical to subtropical waters of the Atlantic, western Indian, and western Pacific oceans. Previously known in the WNA from off Suriname and the Caribbean (Hulley 1984, Nafpaktitis 1977). Specimens collected during a NMFS deepwater survey off Cape Hatteras, Washington Canyon, and Block Canyon, (MCZ 155364, 1:81, 35û06’N, 75û04’W, 0–586 m; 155365, 1:192, 37û31’N, 74û17’W, 0–486 m; 155366, 1:63, 39û10’N, 72û25’W, 0–678 m respectively). Another specimen (MCZ 160508, 1:64, 40°45'N 66°42'W, 0–365 m), is the northernmost record. Neoscopelus microchir Matsubara 1943 - Benthopelagic, 250–700 m, in tropical to subtropical Atlantic, Indian, and western Pacific oceans. Previously known in the WNA from the Caribbean to the Straits of Florida (Hulley 1984, Nafpaktitis 1977). Juveniles (MCZ 126214, 1:38, 39û57’N, 70û28’W, 366–457 m) from near Alvin Canyon and from Slope Water south of La Have Bank (MCZ 60704, 1:19, 39û28’N, 64û00’W, 602–802 m), represent a northward range extension to south of the Scotian Shelf. MYCTOPHIDAE Benthosema glaciale (Reinhardt 1837) - Glacier lanternfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, 275– 850 m by day and 0–225 m at night, in the WNA from Cape Hatteras to Davis Strait (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Scott and Scott 1988); abundant north of 40ûN. MCZ and YPM— at least 302 collections from the area. Benthosema suborbitale (Gilbert 1913) - Mesopelagic, 375–750 m by day and 0–125 m at night, in the WNA from Brazil to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 105 collections from the area. Bolinichthys indicus (Nafpaktitis and Nafpaktitis 1969) - Mesopelagic, 425–850 m by day (peak abundance at 600 m) and 40–325 m at night (peak abundance at 75–100 m), in the WNA from the Bahamas to Slope Water east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977. MCZ—at least 91 collections from the area. Bolinichthys photothorax (Parr 1928) - Mesopelagic, 425–750 m by day and 40–500 m at night (with a peak abundance at 75 m), in the WNA from Brazil to south of the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). MCZ—at least 14 collections from the area. Bolinichthys supralateralis (Parr 1928) - Mesopelagic, 375–750 m by day (peak abundance at 450–500 m) and 40–650 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m, but large individuals below 500 m at night may be non-migratory), in the WNA from Brazil to Slope Water south of the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 42 collections from the area. Centrobranchus nigroocellatus (Günther 1873) - Mesopelagic, 375–650 m by day and often to the surface at night, in the WNA from Brazil to southeast of the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 44 collections from the area. Ceratoscopelus maderensis (Lowe 1839) - Horned lanternfish (S&S) - Mesopelagic, 330– 600 m by day and 0–175 m at night, in the WNA from the Sargasso Sea to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); very abundant in Slope Water. MCZ and YPM—at least 270 collections from the area. Figure 27. Neoscopelus macrolepidotus MCZ 160508, 64 mm SL, 40û45’N, 66û42’W, 365 m. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 199 Ceratoscopelus warmingii (Lütken 1892) - Mesopelagic, 425–1000 m by day and 0–125 m at night, in the western Atlantic from Argentina to southeast of the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); abundant in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 155 collections from the area. Diaphus brachycephalus Tåning 1928 - Mesopelagic, 175–550 m by day and 0–225 m at night, in the WNA from Brazil to Georges Bank (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). One specimen (MCZ 121462, 41û34’N, 52û15’W) taken from Slope Water south of the Grand Banks and another (MCZ 159051, 1:26) collected at Bear Seamount; an uncommon waif in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 11 collections from the area. Diaphus dumerili (Bleeker 1856) - Mesopelagic, 225–750 m by day (peak abundance at 450–500 m) and 0–125 m at night (peak abundance 50 m), in the WNA from Brazil to Slope Water east Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). MCZ and YPM—at least 165 collections from the area. Diaphus effulgens (Goode and Bean 1896) - Mesopelagic, 325–600 m by day (peak abundance at 450–500 m) and 40–175 m at night (peak abundance 50 m), in the WNA from the Caribbean to Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ and YPM—at least 34 collections from the area. Diaphus fragilis Tåning 1928 - Mesopelagic, 375–750 m by day and 40–125 m at night, in the WNA from Brazil to Slope Water south of Nantucket (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977), an uncommon Gulf Stream waif to Georges (MCZ 120875, 2) and La Have banks (MCZ 120876, 2 and MCZ 120821, 1). Diaphus garmani Gilbert 1906 - Mesopelagic, 325–750 m by day (peak abundance at 400 m) and 40–125 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), previously known in the WNA from Brazil to Cape Hatteras (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). New records document transformed juveniles from Slope Water off the middle Atlantic states and New England: MCZ 92646 (3:28–34), 93134 (1:26), 120642 (1:20), 120644, 120682 (1:11), 120684 (1:21), and 120698 (1:26). The northernmost (MCZ 120644, 1:16, 40û03’N, 66û40’W) comes from just southeast of Munson Canyon off Georges Bank and is a slight northward range extension. Diaphus lucidus (Goode and Bean 1896) - Mesopelagic, 425–750 m by day and 40–550 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), in the WNA from Brazil to Slope Water south of the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 13 collections from the area. Diaphus luetkeni (Brauer 1904) - Mesopelagic, 375–750 m by day and 40–325 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), in the WNA from Brazil to Slope Water south of the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 11 collections from the area. Diaphus metopoclampus (Cocco 1829) - Mesopelagic, 375–850 m by day (peak abundance at 500 m) and 90–850 m at night (peak abundance at 200–250 m), in the WNA from Gulf of Mexico to Slope Water east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); moderately abundant in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 75 collections from the area. Diaphus mollis Tåning 1928 - Mesopelagic, 325–650 m by day (peak abundance at 400 m) and 0–225 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), in the western Atlantic from Argentina to Slope Water east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); common in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 61 collections from the area. Diaphus persicillatus (Ogilby 1898) - Mesopelagic, 375–750 m by day (peak abundance at 400–500 m) and 0–125 m at night (peak abundance at 75 m), in the WNA from Brazil to Slope Water southeast of the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); but uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 30 collections from the area. Diaphus problematicus Parr 1928 - Mesopelagic, 375–750 m by day (peak abundance at 100 m) and 40–225 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), in the WNA from Brazil to off Georges Bank (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). Reported from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 by Krueger et al. (1977); rare in Slope Water. MCZ 118963 came from off of Browns Bank. MCZ 118970 (1). 200 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Diaphus rafinesquii (Cocco 1838) - Mesopelagic, 325–750 m by day (peak abundance at 500 m) and 40–275 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Scott and Scott 1988); common in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 69 collections from the area. Diaphus splendidus (Brauer 1904) - Mesopelagic, 375–750 m by day (peak abundance at 450–500 m) and 40–225 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), in the WNA from southern Brazil to Georges Bank (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). While one (MCZ 118499, 41û34’N, 52û15’W) was taken south of the Grand Banks, it is uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 25 collections from the area. Diaphus subtilis Nafpaktitis 1968 - Mesopelagic, 375–750 m by day and 40–550 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), in the WNA from Brazil to Hudson Canyon (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). Reported from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 by Krueger et al. (1977) but rare in the area. MCZ 53571 (1), 118298 (1), 118299 (1), 118300 (1). Diaphus taaningi Norman 1930 - Mesopelagic, 325–475 m by day and 40–250 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), in the WNA from Venezuela to Georges and Sable Island banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Scott and Scott 1988). Locally abundant benthopelagically on the upper slope, as documented by recent NMFS collections (Craddock et al. 2002). MCZ 91516 (51), 91617 (1), 91702 (1), 91705 (1), 92625 (1), 92633 (2), 92639 (1), 100726 (1), 100745 (1:57), 150977 (18:50–67), YPM 11456 (1). Diaphus termophilus Tåning 1928 - Mesopelagic, 325–850 m by day (peak abundance at 400–500 m) and 40–225 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), in the WNA from Guyana to La Have Bank, Nova Scotia (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Scott and Scott 1988). One (MCZ 118194, 41û36’N, 52û21’W) taken from Slope Water south of the Grand Banks but the species is rare in the area. MCZ 118163 (1), 118191 (1), 118267 (1), 118268 (1), 118269 (1), 118271 (1). Diogenichthys atlanticus (Tåning 1928) - Mesopelagic, 425–850 m by day and 40–125 m at night, in the western Atlantic from Argentina to east of the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Scott and Scott 1988); moderately abundant in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 141 collections from the area. Gonichthys cocco (Cocco 1829) - Mesopelagic, 425–1000 m by day and 0–175 m at night, often at the surface, in the WNA from Brazil to Slope Water east of the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); very abundant in Slope Water. MCZ and YPM—at least 350 collections from the area. Hygophum benoiti (Cocco 1838) - Mesopelagic, 225–850 m by day (mostly at 475–850 m) and 0–225 m at night, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and off Florida to Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); moderately common in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 95 collections from the area. Hygophum hygomii (Lütken 1892) - Mesopelagic, 425–750 m by day and 0–125 m at night, in the WNA from Gulf of Mexico and northern Caribbean to Slope Water east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); common in Slope Water. MCZ and YPM—at least 234 collections from the area. Hygophum macrochir (Günther 1864) - Mesopelagic, 275–750 m by day and 0–125 m at night, previously known in the WNA from Brazil to the Straits of Florida (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). A number of juveniles have been collected in Slope Water off the northern MidAtlantic Bight (e.g., MCZ 42369, 115089, 115244, 115245, 115255). A specimen (MCZ 115243, 1:15, 40û14’N, 63û28’W, 500–750 m) taken by WHOI from a warm-core ring in Slope Water off La Have Bank, Nova Scotia is the northernmost record. Hygophum reinhardti (Lütken 1892) - Mesopelagic, 475–850 m by day and 0–175 m at night, in the WNA from Guyana to Slope Water off southern New England (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). One (MCZ 114909, 40û24’N, 55û48’W) was taken from Slope Water south of the St. Pierre Bank. MCZ—at least 36 collections from the area. Hygophum taaningi Bekker 1965 - Mesopelagic, 475–1000 m by day and 0–125 m at night, in the WNA from Caribbean to Georges Bank (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). New records (MCZ 124124, 124125, 124126, 124127, 124128) extend the distribution to Slope Water 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 201 south of La Have Basin, Nova Scotia. MCZ—at least 70 collections from the area. Lampadena anomala Parr 1928 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 800–2000 m by day and 330–600 m at night, in the WNA from off northern South America to Hudson Canyon (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). One (MCZ 103032, 40û15’N, 66û07’W) taken from Slope Water off the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank is a northern record for this species, which is relatively rare throughout its range. MCZ 86669 (1), 103033 (1), 103034 (1), 103037 (1). Lampadena luminosa (Garman 1899) - Mesopelagic, 425–850 m by day and 40–225 m at night (peak abundance at 75 m), in the WNA from the Lesser Antilles to south of the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). Reported from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Krueger et al. 1977) and on the Scotian Shelf (Scott and Scott 1988); an occasional waif in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 16 collections from the area. Lampadena speculigera Goode and Bean 1896 – Mirror lanternfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, 475–950 m by day (peak abundance at 800 m) and 60–750 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), in the WNA from Bermuda to Greenland (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Okamura et al. 1995); but uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 43 collections from the area. Lampadena urophaos atlantica Maul 1969 - Mesopelagic, 550–1000 m by day and 60– 225 m at night (peak abundance at 100–150 m), in the WNA from the Bahamas to the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). Reported from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 by Krueger et al. (1977). MCZ—at least 18 collections from the area. Lampanyctus alatus Goode and Bean 1896 - Mesopelagic, 275–1000 m by day and 40– 275 m at night (peak abundance at 50–100 m), in the WNA from Brazil to Slope Water east of the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); common in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 106 collections from the area. Lampanyctus crocodilus (Risso 1810) – Jewel lanternfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, 275–1000 m by day (peak abundance at 600–700 m) and 0–650 m at night (peak abundance at 75 m), in the WNA from the Sargasso Sea to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); moderately abundant in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 88 collections from the area. Lampanyctus festivus Tåning 1928 - Mesopelagic, 475–1000 m by day and 40–325 m at night (peak abundance at 75–150 m), in the WNA from the Sargasso Sea to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); but uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 36 collections from the area. Lampanyctus intricarius Tåning 1928 - Mesopelagic, 550–750 m by day and 40–550 m at night, in the WNA from the vicinity of Hudson Canyon and Greenland (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Okamura et al. 1995). MCZ 42873 (1:168), 98581 (1), 98584 (1), 98585 (1), 98586 (2). Lampanyctus macdonaldi (Goode and Bean 1896) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 550–1000+ m by day and 60–175 m at night, in the WNA from off Delaware to Greenland (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). Adults tend to stay below 850 m. MCZ—at least 39 collections from the area. Lampanyctus nobilis Tåning 1928 - Mesopelagic, 475–750 m by day (peak abundance at 700 m) and 40–325 m at night (peak abundance at 50 m), in the WNA from Brazil to Hudson Canyon (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); the species is only an occasional waif in Slope Water as far east as the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank. MCZ 53711 (1), 53712 (1), 110230 (2), 110280 (1), 110281 (1), 110311 (1), 110313 (1). Lampanyctus photonotus Parr 1928 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 550–1500 m by day (peak abundance at 800 m) and 40–175 m at night (peak abundance at 60–125 m), in the WNA from Brazil to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); common in Slope Water. Larger individuals tend to stay deeper, typically below 750 m. MCZ—at least 71 collections from the area. Lampanyctus pusillus (Johnson 1890) - Mesopelagic, 425–850 m by day and 40–125 m at night, known in the WNA from the Sargasso Sea to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); common in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 99 collections from the area. Lampanyctus tenuiformis (Brauer 1906) - Mesopelagic, 300–750 m by day and 40–325 m at night, in the WNA from Brazil to Georges Bank (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977) but rare in the area. MCZ 110792 (1), 110812 (1). 202 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Lepidophanes gaussi (Brauer 1906) - Mesopelagic, 425–850 m by day and 0–175 m at night, in the WNA from the Caribbean to the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 41 collections from the area. Lepidophanes guentheri (Goode and Bean 1896) - Mesopelagic, 700–950 m by day and 50– 175 m at night, in the western Atlantic from Argentina to the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); common in Slope Water. MCZ and YPM—at least 134 collections from the area. Lobianchia dofleini (Zugmayer 1911) - Mesopelagic, mostly at 400 m by day and mostly at 50 m at night, in the WNA from the Sargasso Sea to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); abundant in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 161 collections from the area. Lobianchia gemellarii (Cocco 1838) - Mesopelagic, 325–550 m by day and 40–175 m at night, in the WNA from Brazil to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); moderately abundant in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 68 collections from the area. Loweina interrupta (Tåning 1928) - Mesopelagic, 60–175 m at night, a rare species previously only known from Bermuda in the WNA (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). One specimen (MCZ 102653, 1:21) taken in the Gulf Stream east of Norfolk Canyon and another (MCZ 102654, 1:23, 38û58’N, 68û18’W, 799–1000 m) extend the range in the WNA to Slope Water south of Welker Canyon. Loweina rara (Lütken 1892) - Mesopelagic, 550–1000 m by day and 0–175 m at night, previously known from the south Sargasso Sea to off Delaware in the WNA (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). More recently collected specimens (9:20–29) were collected in the Gulf Stream or Slope Water to the north and east of Delaware (MCZ 102730, 102741–45, 102775, 157921). The northernmost (MCZ 102729, 1:23, 40û15’N, 66û07’W, 0–250 m) is from southeast of Munson Canyon off Georges Bank. Myctophum affine (Lütken 1892) – Metallic lanternfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, 300–650 m by day and 0–275 m at night, in the WNA from the Caribbean to easts of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); common in Slope Water. MCZ and YPM—at least 158 collections from the area. Myctophum asperum Richardson 1845 - Mesopelagic, 425–750 m by day and 0–125 m at night, in the WNA from Brazil to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 20 collections from the area. Myctophum nitidulum Garman 1899 - Mesopelagic, 475–850 m by day and mostly at the surface at night, in the WNA from Brazil to east Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). MCZ—at least 40 collections from the area. Myctophum obtusirostre Tåning 1928 - Mesopelagic, 325–750 m by day and mostly at the surface at night, in the WNA from Brazil to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). MCZ—at least 29 collections from the area. Myctophum punctatum Rafinesque 1810 – Spotted lanternfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, 225– 750 m by day and 0–125 m at night, in the WNA from Bermuda to Greenland (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); common in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 56 collections from the area. Myctophum selenops Tåning 1928 - Mesopelagic, 225–450 m by day and 40–225 m at night, in the WNA from Brazil to the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); moderately common in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 186 collections from the area. Nannobrachium atrum (Tåning 1928) - Mesopelagic, 550–850 m by day and 60–850 m at night (peak abundance at 100–150 m), in the WNA from Gulf of Mexico to the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Zahuranec 2000); uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 50 collections from the area. Nannobrachium cuprarium (Tåning 1928) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 650–1200 m by day (peak abundance at 800 m) and 40–275 m at night (peak abundance at 100 m), in the WNA from the Lesser Antilles to the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Zahuranec 2000); common in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 121 collections from the area. Nannobrachium lineatum Tåning 1928 - Mesopelagic, 650–1000 m by day and 60–225 m at night, in the WNA from Brazil to Cape Breton (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Zahuranec 2000); uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 36 collections from the area. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 203 Notolychnus valdiviae (Brauer 1904) - Mesopelagic, 375–650 m by day and 40–125 m at night, in the WNA from Brazil to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); abundant in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 136 collections from the area. Notoscopelus caudispinosus (Johnson 1863) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 1000+ m by day and 0– 175 m at night, in the WNA from the Caribbean to the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); moderately common in Slope Water. MCZ and YPM—at least 22 collections from the area. Notoscopelus elongatus kroyerii (Malm 1861) - Mesopelagic, 325–1000+ m by day and 0– 125 m at night, in the WNA from southern New England to Iceland (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). Krueger et al. (1977) reported it from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106; uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ 92769 (1:44), 100926 (1), 104125 (1), 104149 (1), 104154 (1), 104258 (3), 104259 (1), 104260 (1), 104261 (3). Notoscopelus resplendens (Richardson 1845) - Patchwork lanternfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, 325–750 m by day and 0–125 m at night, in the WNA from Brazil to east of Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); common in Slope Water. MCZ and YPM—at least 88 collections from the area. Protomyctophum arcticum (Lütken 1892) - Mesopelagic, 250–850 m by day and 90–325 m at night, in the WNA from Delaware to Davis Strait and Iceland (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); a boreal species uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 15 collections from the area. Symbolophorus rufinus (Tåning 1928) - Mesopelagic, 425–850 m by day and 0–125 m at night, previously known in the WNA from Brazil to Bermuda (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977). Newer records (MCZ 47885, 1:29, 38û55’N, 70û47’W and MCZ 103442, 1:21, 39û30’N, 64û14’W, 0–1007 m) from Slope Water south of Alvin Canyon and south of La Have Bank, Nova Scotia and MCZ specimens just to the south of the area indicate a range extension. The northernmost (MCZ 103442) was collected in a warm-core ring. Symbolophorus veranyi (Moreau 1888) - Mesopelagic, 550–750 m by day and 0–90 m at night, in the WNA from Bermuda to Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 55 collections from the area. Taaningichthys bathyphilus (Tåning 1928) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 650–800+ m with no vertical migration, in the WNA from the Caribbean to Flemish Cap (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977, Scott and Scott, 1988); moderately uncommon in Slope Water. MCZ—at least 40 collections from the area. Taaningichthys minimus (Tåning 1928) - Mesopelagic, 600–800 m by day and 90–600 m at night, in the WNA from Guyana to the Grand Banks (Nafpaktitis et al. 1977); rare in the area. MCZ 102384 (1), 102404 (1), 102405 (1), 161550 (1:50). LAMPRIDIFORMES LAMPRIDIDAE Lampris guttatus (Brünnich 1788) - Opah (AFS, FNAM) - Epi- to mesopelagic, to 400 m, in tropical to temperate waters worldwide, found in the WNA from Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott, 1988). Occasionally reported by fishing vessels working off New England. MCZ 36628 (1:165 lbs.), 85042 (1), 153636 (1:830), USNM 175266 (1). TRACHIPTERIDAE Desmodema polystictum (Ogilby 1898) - Polka-dot ribbonfish (AFS). Fig. 28 - Mesopelagic, previously known from the Gulf of Mexico and Cuba to northeastern Florida (Aguiar and Quéro 1990, Robins et al. 1986), and North Carolina (UNC 8456 fide F. Schwartz 2002) in the WNA. One (MCZ 143323, 1:1000) collected near Wilmington Canyon (38û15’N, 73û42’W, 183 m) and another (MCZ 60557, 1:362) from south of Veatch Canyon (39û13’N, 69û35’W, 0–1022 m) are range extensions to southern New England. Trachipterus sp. - The North Atlantic species, T. arcticus (Brünnich, 1788), is mesopelagic in the warm temperate North Atlantic from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida to New York (Robins et al. 1986). A juvenile (MCZ 50091; 1:125, 38û12’N, 69û57’W) from the area is probably this species. 204 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Zu cristatus (Bonelli 1820) - Scalloped ribbonfish (AFS, FNAM). Fig. 29 - Epi- to mesopelagic, in tropical to warm temperate waters worldwide; previously known from the Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, and Florida in the WNA (Robins et al. 1986). A postlarva (MCZ 84703, 36û50’N, 73û40’W) from Norfolk Canyon, a juvenile (MCZ 84702, 1:18+, 40û57’N, 63û35’W, 300–700 m) from south of La Have Basin, a specimen (MCZ 41727, 1:188, 39û47’N, 70û32’W) from near Alvin Canyon, and two specimens from near Bear Seamount (MCZ 161591, 1:120; 161680, 1:135) are northern range extensions. REGALACIDAE Regalecus glesne Ascanius 1772 - Oarfish (AFS, FNAM) - Mesopelagic, to 1000 m, in tropical to warm temperate waters worldwide. Formerly known from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida to Bermuda and North Carolina in the WNA (Robins et al. 1986, Schwartz and Figure 28. Desmodema polystictum, MCZ 60557, 362 mm SL, 39û 13’N, 69û35’W, 0–1022 m. Figure 29. Zu cristatus, MCZ 161591, 120 mm SL, 40û17’N, 67û14’W. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 205 Link 1975). Two (MCZ 147876, 2:230+ to 265+) were taken from the stomach of a bigeye tuna off New England. Others collected by NMFS off Cape Hatteras (MCZ 155453, 1:145, 35û03’N, 75û05’W, 0–650 m), by WHOI south of Georges Bank (MCZ 84694, 1:311, 38û21’N, 67û38’W, 250–500 m) and from near Bear Seamount by a 2002 NMFS cruise (MCZ 161667–69, 285–800) represent northward range extensions. STYLEPHORIDAE Stylephorus chordatus Shaw 1791 - Tube-eye (AFS), Thread-tail (FNAM) - Mesopelagic, 200–600 m, in tropical to subtropical waters of the Atlantic typically from 25ûN to 16ûS (MCZ specimens). One (MCZ 161673, 1:140, 40û11’N, 68û05’W, 0–468 m) taken near Oceanographer Canyon and another (MCZ 161670, 1:145, 39û56’N, 67û31’W, 0–972 m) from near Bear Seamount are range extensions and new records for New England waters. POLYMIXIIFORMES POLYMIXIIDAE Polymixia lowei Günther 1859 - Beardfish (FAO, S&S) - Benthopelagic, 82–660 m, in the WNA from Guyana to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott, 1988, Woods and Sonoda 1973). MCZ and YPM—at least 20 collections from the area. Polymixia nobilis Lowe 1838 – Barbudo (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 366–550 m, only in tropical to warm temperate Atlantic waters (Kotlyar 1992, Woods and Sonoda 1973). In the WNA from the Caribbean to off New Jersey (Fowler 1952). Fowler (1952) noted a 203 mm specimen taken from 275 m in the vicinity of Toms Canyon. OPHIDIIFORMES OPHIDIIDAE Abyssobrotula galatheae Nielsen 1977 - Benthopelagic, 3111–8370 m, in the WNA from the Puerto Rico Trench, off Florida (USNM 226588), and, in the area, a specimen (ZMUC P77676) from the abyssal plain south of Nantucket (Nielsen 1977, Nielsen et al. 1999). A postlarval specimen (MCZ 76782), identified by M. Fahay (pers. comm. 2001) was collected at 37û01’N, 71û18W. Acanthonus armatus Günther 1878 - Benthopelagic, 1500–4415 m, in tropical waters worldwide. In the WNA from the Caribbean to Hudson Canyon (Anderson et al. 1985, Cohen and Pawson 1977, Nielsen 1990, Nielsen et al. 1999). Observed at depths of 2400– 2507 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Cohen and Pawson 1977). Barathrites parri Nybelin 1957 - Benthopelagic, 1270–3000 m, on the continental slope in the WNA (Nielsen et al. 1999). Two specimens (MCZ 57985 and 57991) come from depths of 1510–2614 m off southern New England. Barathrodemus manatinus Goode and Bean 1883 - Benthopelagic, 1184–2899 m, from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Hudson Canyon (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Musick et al. 1992). Musick et al. (1992) collected a specimen near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 at 2899 m and additional specimens are known from off Virginia (USNM 368006, 1; 368007, 1; 368008, 2). Bassogigas gillii Goode and Bean 1896. Fig. 30 - Benthopelagic, 1060–2150 m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to the southern New England slope (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). The holotype (USNM 39417) was collected at 2026 m near Block Canyon Figure 30. Bassogigas gilli MCZ 158871, 845 mm SL, 39û57’N, 67û30’W, 0–2100 m. 206 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 (not off Delaware as stated by Goode and Bean 1896). A large specimen from Bear Seamount (MCZ 158871, 1:845, 39û57’N, 67û30’W, 0–2100 m) is a slight range extension. Bassozetus normalis Gill 1883 - Benthopelagic, 1725–3512 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to off Georges Bank (Grey 1956). The holotype (USNM 33306) was collected at 3512 m south of Welker Canyon (not off New Jersey, as stated by Goode and Bean 1896). Benthocometes robustus (Goode and Bean 1886) - Benthopelagic, 200–1652 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean to Hudson Canyon. A paratype (USNM 29057) was collected near Wilmington Canyon in 238 m. Musick et al. (1992) reported specimens from near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 at depths of 423 m and 1652 m. Brotulotaenia crassa Parr 1934 - Mesopelagic, to 800 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Bahamas (Nielsen, 1990). One (MCZ 161546, 1:347), collected just south of Bear Seamount during a 2002 NMFS cruise, is a range extension and new area record. Brotulotaenia nigra Parr 1933. Fig. 31 - Mesopelagic, to 800 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Bahamas (Nielsen 1990). One (MCZ 161547, 1:324), collected just south of Bear Seamount during a 2002 NMFS cruise, is a range extension and new area record. Dicrolene introngra Goode and Bean 1883 - Benthopelagic, 200–1960 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to Oceanographer Canyon on Georges Bank. The deepest records are for specimens caught between 1500–1960 m in Hudson Canyon (Haedrich and Polloni 1974). MCZ and YPM—at least 25 collections from the area. Figure 31. Brotulotaenia nigra, MCZ 161547, 324 mm SL, 39û50’N, 67û29’W, 0–362 m. Figure 32. Lamprogrammus brunswigi, MCZ 37707, 420 mm SL, 40û11’N, 68û16’W. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 207 Lamprogrammus brunswigi (Brauer 1906). Fig. 32 - Probably benthopelagic, 800–1600 m, rare and previously known from the Marshall and Hawaiian islands and off Puerto Rico. One (MCZ 37707, 1:420, 40û11’N, 68û16’W) collected by William C. Schroeder in 1953 from 879–916 m near Oceanographer Canyon documents this species for the area. Lamprogrammus niger Alcock 1891 - Benthopelagic, 604–2615 m, from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to Georges Bank (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). A juvenile (MCZ 159000, 1:73) was taken on Bear Seamount by the 2000 NMFS cruise. Lepophidium brevibarbe (Cuvier 1829) - Blackedge cusk-eel (AFS) - Benthic, 18–307 m, in the WNA from Brazil and the Caribbean to southern New England (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). Area specimens (MCZ 63184, 2:110–115) are from 276–278 m near Block Canyon. Lepophidium profundorum (Gill 1863) – Fawn cusk-eel (AFS) - Benthic, 55–365 m, from French Guiana, the Gulf of Mexico to Georges Bank (Uyeno et al. 1983). Several specimens (USNM 315591, 325315, YPM 10554) are from Hudson Canyon, southern New England and Georges Bank. Previous records as L. cervinum (Nielsen et al. 1999). MCZ 146888 (4:165–220) and 5 lots of larvae from the area. Luciobrotula corethromycter Cohen 1964. Fig. 33 - Benthopelagic, 260–1200 m, previously known from French Guiana, the Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico to Florida in the WNA (Cohen 1964d, Nielsen 1990, Uyeno et al. 1983). One (MCZ 137070, 1:660) collected on the southern New England slope between Hudson and Block canyons at 1325–1830 m is both a depth and range record and is apparently the largest known specimen (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Nielsen et al. 1999). Monomitopus agassizii (Goode and Bean 1896) - Benthopelagic, 490–1280 m, from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to Hudson Canyon (Musick et al. 1975). Specimens caught just west of Veatch Canyon at 930 m (MCZ 37643, 1) and near Nygren Canyon at 490–540 m (MCZ 57617, 2) represent a slight northeastward range extension to the slope of Georges Bank. Penopus microphthalmus (Vaillant 1888) - Benthopelagic, 1320–3535 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to southern New England (Carter and Sulak 1984, Nielsen et al. 1999). Formerly treated under P. macdonaldi, a synonym, and under “P. microcephalus,” a nomen nudum (Nielsen et al. 1999, J. Nielsen pers. comm. 2001). Two lots, (MCZ 57614 and 57615) were collected south of Alvin and Atlantis canyons at 2505– 3028 m. Another (MCZ 158981: 175, 39û57’N, 67û30’W, 0–2100 m), collected from Bear Seamount during the 2000 NMFS cruise, slightly extends the range eastward. Porogadus miles Goode and Bean 1885 - Benthopelagic, 1200–5055 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to southern New England (Carter and Sulak 1984, Nielsen et al. 1999). Area specimens were collected at depths of 1885–3245 m between Hudson and Veatch canyons. MCZ 57611 (3), 57616 (1), 57618 (2), 59142 (1), 59143 (1), 106582 (1:220 TL), 146875 (1:370), 146876 (1:360), 146877 (1:305), 146878 (1:100), 158980 (4:230–260). Spectrunculus grandis (Günther 1877) - Benthopelagic, 800–4255 m, previously known (as Parabassogigas crassus) from one specimen from just south of Georges Bank (USNM 44679, Nielsen and Hureau 1980) and from eight specimens from Deepwater Dumpsite 106 at 575 m (Musick et al. 1992). Two additional specimens, collected by WHOI near Figure 33. Luciobrotula corethromycter, MCZ 137070, 660 mm SL, 39û42’N, 71û27’W, 1325–1830 m. 208 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Block Canyon (MCZ 146883, 1:260 TL, 39û14’N, 70û54’W, 2700–2705 m) and near Alvin Canyon (MCZ 146882, 1:133 TL, 39û45’N, 70û43’W, 1885–1967 m) represent additional area records. Xyelacyba myersi Cohen 1961 - Benthopelagic, 1075–2711 m, in the WNA from Brazil, the Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas to Hudson Canyon (Cohen 1961, Cohen and Pawson 1977, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Musick et al. 1975). USNM 212087 is from the vicinity of Deepwater Dumpsite 106. Another specimen (MCZ 61092) was caught at 1500–1960 m in Hudson Canyon (Haedrich and Polloni 1974). PARABROTULIDAE Note: The placement of this family is in question, with some authors placing it within the Zoarcoidei (Nelson 1994, Nielsen et al. 1990). Parabrotula plagiophthalmus Zugmayer 1911 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 500–2000 m, in the WNA from Bermuda to Slope Water (Nielsen et al. 1990). Four specimens (MCZ 56867, 56870, 62267, 101694) come from 500–1200 m in Slope Water off Georges Bank and La Have Bank. Another specimen (MCZ 161535, 1:30) was collected near Bear Seamount in 2002. BYTHITIDAE Diplacanthopoma brachysoma Günther 1887 - Benthopelagic, 439–752 m, previously known from Brazil to the Gulf of Mexico in the western Atlantic (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). Musick et al. (1992) reported seven specimens of Diplacanthopoma sp. from Deepwater Dumpsite 106 near Hudson Canyon at 575 m, which are probably D. brachysoma, the only known Atlantic species. Five additional specimens, (MCZ 155340, 1:190, 35û07’N, 75û05’W, 472–573 m; MCZ 155341, 1:170, 35û05’N, 75û05’W, 530–599 m; MCZ 155342, 1:195, 35û06’N, 75û04’W, 518–586 m; MCZ 155343, 1:206, 35û06’N, 75û05’W, 500–593 m; MCZ 155358, 1:120, 37û06’N, 74û32’W, 496–603 m) were collected during a 1999 NMFS survey from Cape Hatteras to Norfolk Canyon. The specimens reported by Musick et al. (1992) are the northernmost records. Thalassobathia pelagica Cohen 1963 - Mesopelagic, to 900 m, in the WNA from the type specimens (MCZ 42161, 42162) taken in Slope Water south of Block Canyon (Cohen 1963). Another specimen (MCZ 138039, 1:250), captured by F/V Contender south of Hudson Canyon (39û04’N, 72û34’W, 0–924 m). As with other T. pelagica specimens, it was brought on deck in association with a large scyphozoan jellyfish, Stygiomedusa gigantea Brown, 1910. APHYONIDAE Barathronus unicolor Nielsen 1984 - Benthopelagic, 2931–3934 m, known only from the abyssal depths south of Alvin and Atlantis canyons (Nielsen 1984). Area specimens are the holotype (MCZ 56936, 1:113) and paratypes of the species (MCZ 56935, 2:101–108; 56936, 1:113; 56937, 4:75–98; and 56939, 2:89–100). GADIFORMES MACROURIDAE Bathygadus favosus Goode and Bean 1886 - Benthopelagic, 770–1700 m, from Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to Straits of Florida (Marshall 1973, Howes and Crimmen 1990). Three specimens (MCZ 158829, 1:340 and, 158609, 2:395–480), collected from Bear Seamount during the 2000 NMFS cruise, extend the range northward. Caelorinchus caribbaeus (Goode and Bean 1886) - Blackfin grenadier (AFS, FAO) Benthopelagic, 200–700 m (mostly 300–400 m), previously known from Brazil to Norfolk Canyon in the WNA (Cohen et al. 1990, Middleton and Musick 1986). Five specimens (MCZ 60977, 5:170–212), collected by WHOI near Alvin Canyon (40û03’N, 70û30’W), represent a northward range extension. Caelorinchus caelorhincus (Risso 1810) - Saddled grenadier (AFS), Hollowsnout grenadier (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 90–850 m (usually 200–500 m), in the WNA from Brazil to the Grand Banks (Cohen et al. 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ and YPM—at least 40 collections from the area. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 209 Caelorinchus occa (Goode and Bean 1885) - Swordsnout grenadier (FAO) Benthopelagic, 400–2200 m (mostly 600–1000 m), previously known from Suriname, the Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico to Bermuda and Norfolk Canyon in the WNA (Cohen et al. 1990, Middleton and Musick 1986, Uyeno et al. 1983). Two specimens, one caught by F/V Contender near Alvin Canyon (MCZ 138015, 1:152, 39û53’N, 70û47’W, 569–741 m) and a second caught by F/V Matthew Melissa at Welker Canyon (YPM 11250, 1:367, 40û05’N, 68û30’W, 1466 m), represent a slight northward range extension. Coryphaenoides alateralis Marshall and Iwamoto 1973. Fig. 34 - Benthopelagic, 1035– 1098 m, originally described from one specimen from the Gulf of Mexico. Subsequently, another (ISH 3426/79) was collected near Hudson Canyon (Crabtree 1983). Others (MCZ 158990, 1:127 HL and 158991, 1:124 HL), collected from Bear Seamount during the 2000 NMFS cruise, extend the range of this rare species northeastward. Coryphaenoides armatus (Hector 1875) - Abyssal grenadier (FAO) - Benthopelagic, common between 2000–4700 m, in the WNA from Cape Hatteras to Newfoundland (Cohen et al. 1990). Caught at 2130–2475 m (Musick et al. 1975) and seen at 1930–2808 m (Cohen and Pawson 1977) near Deepwater Dumpsite 106. MCZ and YPM—at least 25 collections from the area. Coryphaenoides brevibarbis (Goode and Bean 1896) - Benthopelagic, 1500–3200 m, in the WNA from Maryland to Greenland (Grey 1956, Marshall and Iwamoto 1973a). The syntypes (USNM 33453, MCZ 35940 and 27792) were collected at 2294 m off Corsair Canyon off Georges Bank. Additional specimens (MCZ 27792 and 38678) were caught at 1620–1737 m off Browns Bank. Coryphaenoides carapinus Goode and Bean 1883 - Benthopelagic, 1000–3000 m (mostly 1400–2800 m), in the WNA from Cape Hatteras to Sable Island Bank (Scott and Scott 1988). Caught at 1143–2700 m (Musick et al. 1975) and seen at 1704–2507 m (Cohen and Pawson 1977) at Deepwater Dumpsite 106. Also caught at 1500–1960 m in Hudson Canyon (Haedrich and Polloni 1974); relatively common on the lower slope and upper rise. MCZ—at least 30 collections of specimens from the area. Coryphaenoides guentheri (Vaillant 1888) - Günther’s grenadier (FAO, S&S). Fig. 35 Benthopelagic, 831–2830 m in the eastern Atlantic, previously known in the WNA from the Davis Strait at depths of 1400–1960 m (Cohen et al. 1990, Karrer 1976). MCZ specimens (61020, 2:64 and 74 HL, 39û45’N, 70û43’W), captured between Block and Alvin canyons at 1885–1967 m, extend the range to the area. Coryphaenoides leptolepis Günther 1877 - Benthopelagic, 610–4000 m (mostly 1900– 3700 m), in the WNA from Georgia to the northeast tip of Georges Bank (Marshall and Iwamoto 1973a). Caught at 2700 m (Musick et al. 1975) and seen at 2400–2507 m (Cohen and Pawson 1977) at Deepwater Dumpsite 106. The holotype of Chalinura simula Goode Figure 34. Coryphaenoides alateralis, MCZ 158990, 127 mm HL, 39û55’N, 67û25’W, 0– 1804 m. 210 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 and Bean, 1883 (MCZ 25824), a junior synonym of C. leptolepis, was taken from near the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank. MCZ 51155 (2), 51156 (1), 51157 (1), 55017 (3), 55021 (3), 55022 (4), 55023 (4), 55024 (1), 55026 (1), 55027 (1), 55028 (1), 146955 (1:451 TL), 146956 (1:337 TL). Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus 1765 - Roundnose grenadier (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 180–2200 m (mostly 400–1200 m), but makes diurnal feeding migrations to 1000 m above the bottom, in the WNA from the Bahamas and Cape Hatteras to Davis Strait (Cohen et al. 1990, Middleton and Musick 1986, Scott and Scott 1988); common on the continental slope. MCZ and YPM—at least 20 collections from the area. Gadomus dispar (Vaillant 1888) - Longbeard grenadier (FNAM) - Benthopelagic, 550–1105 m, in the tropical to subtropical Atlantic. Previously known from the Caribbean to Norfolk Canyon in the WNA (Geisterdoerfer 1986, Middleton and Musick 1986). Additional specimens (MCZ 155347, 1:150, 35û07’N, 75û05’W, 472–573 m; MCZ 155348, 2:140–155, 35û06’N, 75û04’W, 518–586 m; MCZ 155349, 1:190, 35û06’N, 75û05’W, 500–593 m; MCZ 155350, 1:240, 38û31’N, 73û13’W, 531–618 m) collected during a deepwater survey by NMFS from off Cape Hatteras (MCZ 155347) to near Wilmington Canyon (MCZ 155350) represent a slight northern range extension. Hymenocephalus italicus Giglioli 1884 - Glasshead grenadier (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 100–800 m, in the tropical to warm temperate Atlantic. Previously known from Brazil, the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and Florida to Norfolk Canyon in the WNA (Cohen et al. 1990, Middleton and Musick 1986). Two specimens (MCZ 41359, 2:74–92), collected near Hydrographer Canyon (39û55’N, 69û09’W, 824–898 m) represent a northward range extension. Macrourus berglax Lacepède 1810 - Roughhead grenadier (FNAM) - Benthopelagic, 100–1000 m, from Norfolk Canyon to Greenland in the WNA (Cohen et al. 1990). MCZ and YPM—at least 17 collections from the area Malacocephalus occidentalis Goode and Bean 1885 - Western softhead grenadier (FAO), American straptail grenadier (S&S) - Benthopelagic, 200–600 m, from Brazil to the Grand Banks in the WNA (Cohen et al. 1990). MCZ and YPM—at least 25 collections from the area. Nezumia aequalis (Günther 1878) - Common Atlantic grenadier (FAO), Smooth grenadier (FNAM) - Benthopelagic, 200–1000 m, tropical to temperate Atlantic, from Brazil to Greenland, but much more common south of Norfolk Canyon (Cohen et al. 1990, Middleton and Musick 1986). Caught at 951 m near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975) and others are from near Toms (MCZ 138056, 1:200 TL, 39û04’N, 72û42’W, 258–505 m) and Atlantis canyons (USNM 205881, 2, 39 û54’N, 70 û20’W). Nezumia bairdii (Goode and Bean 1877) - Marlinspike (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 16–2285 m (mostly 90–700 m), in the WNA from the Straits of Florida to Greenland (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953a, Cohen et al. 1990, Klein-MacPhee 2002a, Okamura et al. 1995). MCZ over 70 collections from the area. Figure 35. Coryphaenoides guentheri, MCZ 61020, 74 mm HL, 39û45’N, 70û43’W, 1885– 1967 m. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 211 Nezumia cyrano Marshall and Iwamoto 1973 - Benthopelagic, 640–1324 m, in the western Atlantic from Suriname, the Caribbean, and the Gulf Mexico to Hudson Canyon (Markle and Musick 1974, Marshall and Iwamoto 1973b, Musick et al. 1975, Uyeno et al. 1983). Caught at 1207 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). Nezumia longebarbata (Roule and Angel 1933) - Benthopelagic, 1466–2346 m, previously known from three specimens, from Madeira, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Canyon at 1500–1960 m (MCZ 146947, 1:407 TL) (Geistdoerfer 1986, Haedrich and Polloni 1974, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). Seen at 2318–2346 m near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Cohen and Pawson 1977). Seven others (MCZ 158965–67, 5:63–68 HL; MCZ 158972, 1:63 HL; MCZ 159002, 1:48 HL, and 162178, 1:62 HL), captured at Bear Seamount in 2000 and 2002, extend the range to near Georges Bank. Nezumia sclerorhynchus (Valenciennes 1838) - Benthopelagic, 130–1097 m (usually 450–730 m), in the WNA from the Straits of Florida to Georges Bank (Cohen et al. 1990, Marshall and Iwamoto 1973b). A specimen (USNM 205715) was taken at 39û02’N, 72û40’W and another (MCZ 158972) at Bear Seamount in 2000. Nezumia suilla Marshall and Iwamoto 1973 - Benthopelagic, 900–1500 m, in the WNA from Suriname, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico to Cuba (Marshall and Iwamoto 1973b). Specimens (MCZ 158971, 2:41–60 HL, 39û55’N, 67û23’W, 1156–1200 m), collected from Bear Seamount during the 2000 NMFS cruise, are new records for New England. Sphagemacrurus grenadae (Parr 1946) - Pugnose grenadier (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 1000– 1960 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998) to Hudson Canyon (MCZ 54015, Haedrich and Polloni 1974). Others (MCZ 158985: 1:30 HL, 158975: 1:42 HL, 158968:1:40 HL) were collected at Bear Seamount in 2000. Trachonurus sulcatus (Goode and Bean 1885) - Bristly grenadier (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 700–1500 m, in the WNA from Suriname, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico to Cape Hatteras (Cohen et al. 1990). A 1999 NMFS survey collected one (MCZ 157809, 1:132 TL, 39û54’N, 70û32’W, 678–692 m) near Block Canyon. Others (MCZ 158969, 1:74 HL; 158610, 1:423+; and 162179) were collected at Bear Seamount in 2000 and 2002. MORIDAE Antimora rostrata (Günther 1878) - Blue hake (S&S) - Benthopelagic, 299–3000 m but varies with latitude (e.g., 229 m on the Grand Banks, 457–823 m off Nova Scotia, 828– 2740 m in Hudson Canyon, and 1300–2500 m in Norfolk Canyon), in the WNA from the Bahamas to Iceland (Cohen et al. 1990, Scott and Scott, 1988, Wenner and Musick 1977). MCZ and YPM—at least 50 collections from the area. Gadella imberbis (Vaillant 1888) - Beardless codling (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 129–905 m, in the WNA from Brazil to Sable Island Bank, Nova Scotia (Cohen et al. 1990, Paulin 1989, Scott and Scott 1988). This species is sometimes placed in Brosmiculus. Captured as far east as 40û25’N, 67û26’W on the southern New England slope; moderately common on the upper slope. MCZ and YPM—at least 30 collections from the area. Halargyreus johnsonii Günther 1862 - Dainty mora (S&S), Slender codling (FAO) Benthopelagic, 585–1967 m, in the WNA from near Hudson Canyon (MCZ 53965 and 57317), the Grand Banks, and Greenland (Haedrich and Horn 1970, Haedrich and Polloni 1974, Musick et al. 1975, Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott, 1988). Specimens (MCZ 158738, 11:200–270; 162181, 2:297–360) were collected from Bear Seamount during the 2000 and 2002 NMFS cruise. Laemonema barbatulum Goode and Bean 1883 - Smallscale mora (S&S) - Benthopelagic, 50–1620 m, only in the WNA from Brazil to the Grand Banks (Meléndez and Markle 1998). MCZ—at least 18 collections from the area. Laemonema goodebeanorum Meléndez and Markle 1998 - Benthopelagic, 180–792 m, known from southern Brazil to La Have Bank, Nova Scotia (Meléndez and Markle 1998). Specimens are from Hudson Canyon (MCZ 53989, 2:167–200, 39û28’N, 72û18’W, 260– 342 m; MCZ 125531, 3:165–190, 39û35’N, 71û55’W, 481–880 m), near Baltimore Canyon 212 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 (MCZ 91031, 1:204, 38û08’N, 73û45’W, 183–503 m; 156754 (2:185–190, 38û31’N, 73û13’W), and near Alvin Canyon (MCZ 125532, 1:150, 39û55’N, 70û35’W, 439–915 m; 156755, 1:195, 69û39’N, 70û00’W). Others were taken during a 1999 NMFS cruise from Toms Canyon (MCZ 156752, 3:160–175, 52û37’N, 74û32’W) and from Norfolk Canyon (MCZ 156753, 1:184, 38û11’N, 73û38’W). Laemonema melanurum Goode and Bean 1896 - Benthopelagic, 452–644 m, only in the WNA from Florida to Georges Bank (Meléndez and Markle 1998). MCZ 98307 (1:79, 39û45’N, 71û00’W, 400–500 m), 130661 (2), 130662 (3:12–16). Physiculus fulvus Bean 1884 - Metallic codling (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 200–475 m, only in the WNA from Brazil to the southern New England slope south of Nantucket, with a small juvenile taken at the surface south of Sable Island Bank (Paulin 1989, Scott and Scott 1988). Relatively common in the Slope Water, where pelagic juveniles are often taken in midwater trawls (MCZ 85809, 85900, 85908, 85913, 85914, 85915). MCZ 34630 (2:52–58), 57001 (1:60), 57001 (1:68), 64848 (1:142), 150813 (1:70), 157224 (1:146), 161537 (1:41). MELANONIDAE Melanonus zugmayeri Norman 1930 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1291 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean to south of La Have Basin (MCZ 147009). Scott and Scott (1988) reported specimens (as Lyconus brachycolus) from south of La Have Basin (NMC 82–0177) at 995 m and south of Sable Island Bank at 997 m. MCZ 58598 (1:83), 60747 (1), 147005 (1), 147010 (1), 147011 (2), 147012 (1), 147036 (1), 161536 (1:80), 162284–86 (5:57–120). BREGMACEROTIDAE Note: The taxonomy of the bregmacerotids is poorly known (Cohen et al. 1990) thus published distributional records are often inaccurate. A.S. Harold (Grice Marine Biological Laboratory) is currently revising the family worldwide. With his permission we included some of his unpublished information in the following accounts (Harold and Johnson 2003). Bregmaceros atlanticus Goode and Bean 1886 - Antenna codlet (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 0–1260 m, known from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to south of La Have Basin (MCZ 109100, 1:20, 41û05’N, 63û33’W, 0–250 m). MCZ—at least 36 collections from the area. Bregmaceros cantori Milliken and Houde 1984 - A poorly known species of continental coastlines from Brazil to the eastern United States. We have seen four specimens (MCZ 93437–39, 157700) from immediately off Cape Hatteras (to 35û28’N) that are the northernmost records for the species. However, it may be found a few degrees north into our area. Bregmaceros sp. - Epi- to mesopelagic, 0–500 m, in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. In the WNA from Brazil to the southern slope of Georges Bank. This undescribed species has been confused with and reported as B. mcclellandi Thompson, 1840, which is not found in the Atlantic (A. Harold, pers. comm. 2001). MCZ 108991 (6), 109041 (1), 109053 (1), 109061 (1), 109063 (2), 109065 (2), 162297–301 (7). PHYCIDAE Brosme brosme (Ascanius 1772) - Cusk (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 20–1000 m, in the WNA from New Jersey to Greenland (Cohen et al. 1990, Miner 1885, Scott and Scott, 1988). NMFS bottom surveys recorded only 16 occurrences (44 specimens, all juveniles less than 300 mm TL) south of Georges Bank; taken in less than 90 m of water. In 1995, F/V Panther, F/V Matthew Melissa and F/V Mary Elena reportedly caught cusk while conducting exploratory fishing near Baltimore, Munson, Oceanographer, Powell, and Wilmington canyons between 165 and 705 m, but did not retain specimens. These records would extend the distribution of the species southward to off Maryland. USNM 329901 (1). Enchelyopus cimbrius (Linnaeus 1766) - Fourbeard rockling (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 20–900 m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida to Greenland (Scott and Scott, 1988). One specimen (MCZ 53969), taken in Hudson Canyon at 810–900 m extends the depth range of this species. MCZ and YPM—at least 45 collections from the area. Gaidropsarus argentatus (Reinhardt 1837) - Silver rockling (S&S) - Benthopelagic, 400– 2260 m, in the WNA from the Grand Banks to Greenland (Scott and Scott 1988). One 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 213 specimen (MCZ 158700: 145), collected on Bear Seamount by the 2000 NMFS cruise, is the first record for the United States and the southernmost occurrence. Gaidropsarus ensis (Reinhardt 1838) - Threebeard rockling (S&S) - Benthopelagic, to 1700+ m, in the WNA from Cape Hatteras to Baffin Bay and Greenland (Scott and Scott, 1988). Seen at 1704–1883 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Cohen and Pawson 1977). Others (MCZ 158698, 1:204, and 158903, 1:80) taken on Bear Seamount by the 2000 NMFS cruise. MCZ 38425 (1), 38441 (1), 38447 (1), 38457 (1), 38460 (1), 38463 (1), 58432 (1). Phycis chesteri (Goode and Bean 1878) - Longfin hake (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 90– 1400+ m, in the WNA from the Straits of Florida to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988), but uncommon south of Cape Hatteras (Cohen et al. 1990). MCZ and YPM—at least 44 collections from the area. Urophycis chuss (Walbaum 1792) - Red hake (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 37–702 m (mostly >180 m), in the WNA from North Carolina to southern Newfoundland (Cohen et al. 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 38308 (2), 53990 (3), 53991 (4), 53992 (1), 53993 (11), 53994 (1), 58335 (1:490). Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill 1814) - White hake (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 0–1000 m (mostly >180 m), in the WNA from Florida to Iceland, but more abundant between North Carolina and Labrador (Cohen et al. 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 38390 (1), 53997 (1), 159187 (1). MERLUCCIIDAE Merluccius albidus (Mitchill 1818) - Offshore hake (FAO, S&S) - Benthopelagic, 80– 1170 m (mostly 160–640 m), in the WNA from northern Brazil to La Have Bank (Cohen et al. 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ and YPM—at least 20 collections from the area. Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill 1814) - Silver hake (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 0–914 m (mostly 55–300 m), known in the WNA from the Bahamas and Newfoundland, mostly between South Carolina and Newfoundland (Cohen et al. 1990). MCZ 38430 (1), 38437 (1), 38480 (1), 38481 (1), 57379 (7). GADIDAE Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 - Atlantic cod (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 0–600 m (mostly 150–220 m), in the WNA from Cape Hatteras to Greenland (Cohen et al. 1990). USNM 329902 (1). Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827) - Blue whiting (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic to pelagic, 150–1000 m by day (mostly 300–400 m by day, vertical migrant to surface at night), in the WNA from near Alvin Canyon to Greenland (Cohen et al. 1990, Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37708 (1), 38321 (2), 38465 (1), 42015 (1), YPM 11150 (1). LOPHIIFORMES LOPHIIDAE Lophius americanus Valenciennes 1837 - Goosefish (AFS), Monkfish (S&S) - Benthic, 0– 948 m, in the WNA from Florida to the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Scott and Scott 1988). A 1999 NMFS survey caught a few in each tow between 500 and 750 m near Block Canyon. In 2001, NMFS caught a specimen between 915–948 m just west of Hydrographer Canyon. MCZ 37475 (1), 37510 (2), 37878 (2), 37896 (1), 38223 (1), 138006 (2:95–110), 138026 (3:100–116). Lophius gastrophysus Ribeiro 1915 - Blackfin goosefish (AFS) - Benthic, 183–662 m, previously known only in the western Atlantic from southern Brazil to Cape Hatteras (Caruso 1983). Rare north of Cape Hatteras but surveys by NMFS caught a few specimens off northern Maryland (37û51’N), off Delaware (MCZ 159680, 1: 300, 38û41’N, 73û10’W, 122 m), and on the southern New England slope (MCZ 159684, 1:670, 40û11’N, 71û06’W, 125 m) that extend the range northward. CHAUNACIDAE Bathychaunax roseus (Barbour 1941) - Benthic, 1023–2200 m, from the Caribbean to southern New England (Caruso 1989a). Musick et al. (1992) caught one specimen near 214 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Deepwater Dumpsite 106 and another (MCZ 55350, 1:46) was taken in 3200 m at 38û29’N, 70û10’W. Chaunax stigmaeus Fowler 1946 - Redeye gaper (AFS) - Benthic, 90–699 m, in the WNA from Norfolk Canyon to Emerald Bank, off Nova Scotia (Caruso 1989b, Scott and Scott 1988). The holotype (ANSP 71726) was collected 129 km southeast of Atlantic City, NJ. MCZ 144911, 1:162, 41û03’N, 66û26’W; YPM 11563, 40û01’N, 70û40’W. Chaunax suttkusi Caruso 1989 - Benthic, 220–1060 m, previously known from Brazil to South Carolina in the WNA (Caruso 1989b, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). New records from F/V Matthew Melissa and F/V Patty Jo, are from near Toms (YPM 11307, 1:56, 39û07’N, 72û35’W, 751–843 m), Hudson (YPM 11441, 1:108), Alvin (MCZ 124658, 1:110, 39û55’N, 70û35’W, 439–915 m), and Welker canyons (YPM 10423, 1:165, 40û05’N, 68û30’W, 1466 m). These are the first records from off New England, with YPM 10423 the northernmost and a depth record. OGCOCEPHALIDAE Dibranchus atlanticus Peters 1876 - Atlantic batfish (S&S) - Benthic, 40–1300 m (mostly 366–823 m), in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 30 collections from the area. Dibranchus tremendus Bradbury 1999 - Benthic, 750–2300 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Hydrographer Canyon. Paratypes (MCZ 37822, 3:151–163) are from Hydrographer Canyon and additional specimens are from just south of Hudson Canyon (MCZ 55505, 4:145–205, 39û09’N, 72û11’W, 1280 m), from near Block Canyon (MCZ 137116, 2:140–150, 39û42’N, 71û27’W, 1325–1830 m), and from Bear Seamount (MCZ 158701, 1: 165, 39û55’N, 67û23’W, 1156–1200 m). Halieutichthys aculeatus (Mitchill 1818) - Pancake batfish (AFS) - Benthic, 31–421 m, known from South America to North Carolina (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). One specimen (MCZ 94475, 1:126, 39û58’N, 70û52’W, 360–370 m) from east of Block Canyon is a northern range extension. CAULOPHRYNIDAE Caulophryne jordani Goode and Bean 1896 - Meso- to bathypelagic, in the WNA from Bermuda to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Pietsch 1979). The holotype (USNM 39265) was caught near Block Canyon at 0–2335 m. Additional specimens (MCZ 69325, 1, 39û11’N, 70û59’W, 500–750 m and MCZ 69324, 1, 38û58’N, 68û18’W, 0–1018 m) come from Slope Water off southern New England. NEOCERATIIDAE Neoceratias spinifer Pappenheim 1914 - Meso- to bathypelagic, a rare species known from a few individuals from scattered localities in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. A specimen collected by WHOI from Slope Water south of Welker Canyon (MCZ 61075, 1:21, 38û58’N, 68û18’W, 799–1000 m) appears to be a northern record for the Atlantic. MELANOCETIDAE Melanocetus johnsonii Günther 1864 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 175–2700 m (mostly <2100 m), in the western Atlantic from Argentina to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Pietsch and Van Duzer 1979). MCZ 51232 (1:15), 57825 (2), 76310 (1:14), 76311 (1:14), 138061 (1:35), 161519–20 (2:16–45), 161527 (1:18), 161529 (2:17–83). Melanocetus murrayi Günther 1887 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 600–6370 m (mostly >1000 m), in the western Atlantic from Brazil to Greenland (Pietsch and Van Duzer 1979). Caught at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 in 2620 m (Musick et al. 1975). MCZ 37937 (1:48, 40û10’N, 68û16’W, 898 m), 158902 (2:41–43, 39û30’N, 70û12’W, 0–1800 m). HIMANTOLOPHIDAE Himantolophus albinares Maul 1961 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 170–1950 m, in the WNA from the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Hudson Canyon, previously known from 14 specimens worldwide (Bertelsen and Krefft 1988). Additional specimens (MCZ 138064, 2:77–100, 39û05’N, 72û27’W, 0–1098 m) were captured by F/V Contender near Toms Canyon and by NMFS near Bear Seamount (MCZ 161503, 1:115; 161521, 1:80; 161522, 1:45). In 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 215 addition, a larval male (MCZ 61052, 1:9, 39û09’N, 65û57’W, 0–1015 m) was collected from a warm-core ring south of the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank. Himantolophus groenlandicus Reinhardt 1837 - Atlantic footballfish (AFS) - Meso- to bathypelagic but older individuals benthopelagic, 250–1800 m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to Greenland (Bertelsen and Krefft 1988). The types of H. ranoides Barbour, 1942 (= H. groenlandicus fide Bertelsen and Krefft 1988) were collected off Georges Bank (MCZ 35773) and south of Sable Island (MCZ 33928). Himantolophus mauli Bertelsen and Krefft 1988 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 410–1200 m, in the WNA from Georgia to Newfoundland and Flemish Cap (Bertelsen and Krefft 1988, Rodriguez-Marin et al. 1996). Known from seven specimens worldwide (Bertelsen and Krefft 1988) of which two (ROM 26760 and 37721) were collected near Browns Bank and south of La Have Basin, respectively. ONEIRODIDAE Chaenophryne longiceps Regan 1925 - Meso- to bathypelagic, in the WNA from the Bahamas to Iceland (Pietsch 1975). MCZ 55004 (1), 58862 (1), 61035 (1), 61036 (1), 76339 (1). Danaphryne nigrifilis (Regan and Trewavas 1932) - Meso- to bathypelagic, in the WNA from off Cape Hatteras, Bermuda and the Sargasso Sea to Greenland based on only eight specimens (Bertelsen and Pietsch 1977, Okamura et al. 1995). One specimen (MCZ 61037, 1:9.5 male, 39û16’N, 65û43’W) was taken at 0–1011 m south of Browns Bank from the edge of a warm-core ring. Dolopichthys karsteni Leipertz and Pietsch 1987 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–1200 m, known from only three specimens, the holotype (MCZ 60991 1:99, 39û28’N, 64û00’W, 0– 1023 m) from south of La Have Bank, a paratype (MCZ 61090 1:18, 39û29’N, 69û42’W, 500–1200 m) from south of Veatch Canyon, and a paratype (MCZ 61086) from south of Cape Hatteras (Leipertz and Pietsch 1987). A damaged specimen (MCZ 158832 1:62, 39û39’N, 70û12’W) may prove to be this species. Leptacanthichthys gracilispinis (Regan 1925) - Meso- to bathypelagic, to 2000 m, in the WNA from Florida, Bermuda, south of the Laurentian Channel, and Newfoundland, previously known from 17 specimens worldwide (Bertelsen 1986, Pietsch 1978). Area specimens from south of Lydonia (MCZ 58861, 1, 39û49’N, 67û36’W, 0–1000 m) and Block canyons (MCZ 61055, 1, 39û11’N, 70û59’W, 0–1015 m) and near Bear Seamount (MCZ 161505, 1:55; 161497, 1:55). Lophodolos acanthognathus Regan 1925 - Meso- to bathypelagic, > 650 m, in the WNA from the Bahamas to Greenland (Pietsch 1974a). MCZ 49855 (1, 39û22’N, 70û49’W, 0–1050 m), 51328 (1, 38û55’N, 70û15’W, 0–2830 m), 61064 (1, 39û11’N, 70û59’W, 750–1001 m), 61065 (1, 39û28’N, 64û00’W, 0–1023 m), 61066 (1, 39û27’N, 65û35’W, 800–1000 m). Microlophichthys microlophus (Regan 1925) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–4000 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean, Bermuda, and off Newfoundland (Gray 1956, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 51247 (1, 39û22’N, 70û49’W, 0–1050 m), 58863 (1, 39û28’N, 71û01’W, 0– 1000 m), 96858 (1, 39û41’N, 70û15’W). Oneirodes eschrichtii Lütken 1871 - Meso- to bathypelagic, in the WNA from Bermuda to Greenland (Pietsch 1974b). MCZ 51138 (1), 61076 (1). Oneirodes macrosteus Pietsch 1974 - Meso- to bathypelagic, in the WNA from Bermuda to Greenland, only 15 specimens worldwide (Okamura et al. 1995, Pietsch 1974b). MCZ 58860 (1), 58867 (1), 61082 (1), 61083 (1), 161495 (1:150). Pentherichthys atratus (Regan and Trewavas 1932) - Meso- to bathypelagic, adult females rare and known from fewer than 15 specimens from the eastern Pacific and the eastern and South Atlantic (Bertelsen and Pietsch 1977). Atlantic specimens were previously treated under P. venustus (T. Pietsch pers. comm. 2002). A specimen (MCZ 161496, 1;122, 40û15’N, 67û10’W) collected during a 2002 NMFS cruise is a new area record. Spiniphryne gladisfenae (Beebe 1932) - Meso- to bathypelagic, previously known from four specimens from Bermuda, northeast of Labrador, and the tropical eastern Atlantic 216 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 (Bertelsen and Pietsch 1975, Karrer 1976). Additional specimens collected south of Browns Bank (MCZ 61084, 1, 39û46’N, 65û14’W, 800–1002 m) and from south slope of Georges Bank (MCZ 161504, 1:41; 161557,1:76) THAUMATICHTHYIDAE Lasiognathus intermedius Bertelsen and Pietsch 1996. Fig. 36 - Probably bathypelagic, known from only six specimens from the WNA, off Cape Town, South Africa, and the southeastern Pacific. Types (MCZ 49283, 1:29, 35û21’N, 68û14’W, 57778, 1:31, 34û18’N, 75û08’W, ROM 27288, 1:42, 44û00’N, 57û52’W) were collected north (east of Newfoundland) and just south (off Cape Hatteras) of the area, indicating probable occurrence. CERATIIDAE Ceratias holboelli Kröyer 1845 - Meso- to bathypelagic, in the WNA from Bermuda to Greenland and Iceland (Pietsch 1986, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 36042 (1, 19.3 km south of Mt Desert Rock, Maine, 0–230 m), 61033 (1, 39û46’N, 65û14’W, 800– 1002 m). Ceratias uranoscopus Murray 1877 - Meso- to bathypelagic, in the WNA from northern South America and the Caribbean to the Grand Banks (Pietsch 1986). Cryptopsaras couesi Gill 1883 - Warted seadevil (AFS), Triplewart seadevil (S&S) Meso- to bathypelagic, 75–4000 m (most commonly 500–1250 m), in the WNA from northern South America to Flemish Cap (Pietsch 1986, Scott and Scott 1988); the most common ceratioid in the Slope Water. MCZ and YPM—at least 56 collections from the area. GIGANTACTINIDAE Gigantactis longicirra Waterman 1939 - Bathypelagic, to 1000–2300 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean to the Laurentian Channel (Bertelsen et al. 1981). The holotype (MCZ 35065) was collected south of Atlantis Canyon at 1000 m. Gigantactis perlatus Beebe and Crane 1947 - Meso- to bathypelagic, to 800–2000 m, known from eight specimens taken at widely scattered sites worldwide (Bertelsen et al. 1981). In the WNA, from Bermuda, near Atlantis Canyon (MCZ 51327) and at 40û10’N, 69û57W (MCZ 57780). Figure 36. Lasiognathus intermedius, MCZ 57778, 31 mm SL, 34û18’N, 75û08’W, 900– 1220 m. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 217 Gigantactis vanhoeffeni Brauer 1902 - Meso- to bathypelagic, most commonly 300–1700 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean to Greenland (Bertelsen et al. 1981). MCZ 61048 (1), 76453 (1), 101608 (1:335), 148382 (1). LINOPHRYNIDAE Haplophryne mollis (Brauer 1902) - Meso- to bathypelagic, known from tropical to subtropical waters in the Atlantic, Indian, and eastern Pacific oceans. In the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). Specimens from off La Have Bank (MCZ 61043), Toms Canyon (MCZ 138062, 1:37, 39û05’N, 72û27’W, 992–1098 m), and near Bear Seamount (MCZ 161515–18, 5:27–35). MCZ 61043 represents a significant range extension northeastward. Linophryne algibarbata Waterman 1939 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 400–2200 m, in the WNA from Bermuda to northeast of Newfoundland (Bertelsen 1980). The holotype (MCZ 35066) was captured south of Atlantis Canyon at 400 m (Waterman 1939). Musick et al. (1992) collected a specimen from 2952 m near Deepwater Dumpsite 106. Linophryne arborifera Regan 1925 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2000 m, known only from the Atlantic Ocean between 20ûS and 40ûN. In the WNA from off Bermuda and the Delmarva Peninsula. MCZ 51993 and 55381 come from Slope Water south of Hydrographer Canyon. Linophryne bicornis Parr 1927. See cover figure. - Meso- to bathypelagic, 600–1272 m, previously known from four specimens worldwide, in the WNA from Bermuda and Labrador (Bertelsen 1982). A female with an attached male (MCZ 138063, female 101, 39û05’N, 72û27’W, 992–1098 m), taken south of Hudson Canyon by F/V Contender, is the fifth known female and the first capture off the eastern United States. STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES MELAMPHAIDAE Melamphaes longivelis Parr 1933 - Meso - to bathypelagic, below 1000 m by day and below 400 at night, in the WNA from the Caribbean to Georges Bank (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987). MCZ specimens collected near Munson Canyon (MCZ 97060, 1, 39û27’N, 65û35’W, 800–1000 m; MCZ 144970, 1:14, 39û32’N, 66û42’W, 439 m), off Hudson Canyon (MCZ 97662,1, 38û56’N, 71û39’W, 0–1017 m), and near Bear Seamount (MCZ 162216, 1:140). Melamphaes microps (Günther 1878) - Bathypelagic, below 800 m, in the WNA from southern New England to Flemish Cap (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987, Scott and Scott 1988). Keene (1987) cited two specimens, one from near Atlantis Canyon (USNM 35451) and one south of Block Canyon (USNM 39253). We have seen an additional specimen (MCZ 158956, 1:66) collected by a NMFS deepwater survey at 39û57’N, 67û30’W. Melamphaes pumilus Ebeling 1962 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 551–1300 m by day and 51–400 m at night, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to east of the Grand Banks (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987). MCZ—at least 62 collections from the area. Melamphaes simus Ebeling 1962 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 400–1000+ m by day and 0–600 m at night, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas to south of the Grand Banks (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987). MCZ—at least 102 collections from the area. Melamphaes suborbitalis (Gill 1883) - Meso- to bathypelagic, below 900 m by day and below 300 m at night, in the WNA from south of Cape Hatteras and the Sargasso Sea to south of the Grand Banks (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987). MCZ—at least 19 collections from the area. Melamphaes typhlops (Lowe 1843) - Meso- to bathypelagic, below 700 m by day and 51–2000 m (mostly 100–600 m) at night, in the WNA from the Lesser Antilles and the Gulf of Mexico to south of the Grand Banks (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987). One specimen (MCZ 145374) was collected off Toms Canyon at 600–800 m, another (MCZ 78626) taken at 39û19’N, 64û52’W, and one (MCZ 162306, 1:39) collected near Bear Seamount. 218 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Poromitra capito Goode and Bean 1883 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 750–1550 m (mostly 800–1050 m) by day and 100–750+ m at night, in the WNA from the Bahamas to south of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987). MCZ—at least 35 collections from the area. Poromitra crassiceps (Günther 1878) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 750–2400 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Greenland and Iceland (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). MCZ 40606 (1, 40û07’N, 68û30’W, 770–934 m), 158957(1:84), 39û21’N, 69û58’W, 0–1800 m. Poromitra megalops (Lütken 1877) - Meso- to bathypelagic, adults 700+ m by day and 500+ m at night, in the WNA from northern South America, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico to east of Flemish Cap (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 53819 (2:58–60), 146199 (1), 146201 (1), 146235 (1:60), 146236 (1:38), 158721 (1:62), 161963 (1:62). Scopeloberyx opisthopterus (Parr 1933) - Meso- to bathypelagic, adults below 800 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Flemish Cap (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987, Scott and Scott 1988). Caught at 2745 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). MCZ—at least 82 collections from the area. Scopeloberyx robustus (Günther 1887) - Bathypelagic, adults below 1200 m, in the WNA from Cape Hatteras to La Have Bank (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987). Caught at 2562 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Krueger et al. 1977, Musick et al. 1975). MCZ—at least 20 collections from the area. Scopeloberyx rubriventer (Koefoed 1953) - Bathypelagic, adults below 1000 m, previously known from five juveniles taken from south of the Azores (Maul 1986). Keene (1987) noted 20 additional Atlantic specimens including two caught by WHOI in the WNA. One (MCZ 52203, 1:63, 37û52’N, 70û08’W) taken south of Atlantis Canyon and one south of La Have Bank (MCZ 146484, 1:49, 40û49’N, 64û00’W, 6000 mwo), extend the range to off Nova Scotia. Scopeloberyx sp. - Meso- to bathypelagic, below 900 m. Although studied by Keene (1987), description of this species has not been published. Known only from the western Atlantic from the Caribbean to southeast of Munson Canyon (Keene 1987). MCZ 53838 (1:15), 58082 (1:16), 58083 (2:15–18), 58084 (2:17), 58085 (1:15), 58087 (1:19), 58088 (1:13), 58089 (2:13–14), 146481 (1:21). Scopelogadus beanii (Günther 1887) - Meso- to bathypelagic, adults 800–1000 m by day and below 400 m at night, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas to Flemish Cap and eastern Greenland (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998). Identified from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 by Krueger et al. (1977). MCZ—at least 75 collections from the area, YPM 10420 (1). Scopelogadus mizolepis mizolepis (Günther 1878) - Mesopelagic, below 500 m by day and below 200 m at night, in the western Atlantic from southern Brazil to the Grand Banks (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Keene 1987). Caught at 1353–2377 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). MCZ—at least 22 collections from the area. GIBBERICHTHYIDAE Gibberichthys pumilus Parr 1933 - Bathy- to benthopelagic, 320–1100 m, previously known in the WNA from Guyana, the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, and eastern Florida and juveniles have also been reported off Bermuda (de Sylva and Eschmeyer 1977, Kotlyar 1985). One larva (MCZ 95231, 1:9, 38û26’N, 67û26’W), taken in Slope Water south of Lydonia Canyon, is a rare occurrence of this species off Georges Bank. STEPHANOBERYCIDAE Acanthochaenus luetkenii Gill 1884 - Benthopelagic, 1655–5400 m, in the WNA from South Carolina to southern New England (Ebeling and Weed 1973, Kotlyar 1983). The lectotype (USNM 33555) was collected near Block Canyon at 2460 m. Other specimens were caught at 951–1207 m (Musick et al. 1975) and seen at 1985–2148 m (Cohen and 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 219 Pawson 1977) at Deepwater Dumpsite 106. One lot (USNM 316568, 2:79–92, 38û46’N, 72û39’W, 2110–2160 m) was collected at Toms Canyon. Additional specimens come from the vicinity of Alvin Canyon (MCZ 64946, 2:80–81, 39û39’N, 70û26’W, 2080–2155 m; 64948, 1:141, 39û28’N, 71û12’W, 2413–2431 m; 64949, 3:108–132, 39û45’N, 70û43’W, 1885–1967 m). Stephanoberyx monae Gill 1883 - Benthopelagic, 980–2300 m, known in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Georges Bank (Ebeling and Weed 1973). The holotype (USNM 33445) was collected from Georges Canyon, just south of Corsair Canyon, at 2300 m. RONDELETIIDAE Rondeletia bicolor Goode and Bean 1895 - Meso- to bathypelagic, previously known in the WNA from the Caribbean to east of Norfolk Canyon (Paxton 1974). Reported from midwaters near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Krueger et al. 1977). Specimens collected by WHOI near Munson Canyon (MCZ 58884, 1:61, 40û15’N, 66û07’W, 250–500 m) and by NMFS near Bear Seamount (MCZ 162091, 1:34) represent the northernmost records. Rondeletia loricata Abe and Hotta 1963 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 750–1150 m by day and migrates to 100 m at night, in the WNA from the Caribbean to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Paxton 1974). MCZ 37522 (1:78), 58883 (1:105), 148429 (1: 73), 161530–33 (5:62–110), 161970 (1:40), 161983 (2:44–63). BARBOURISIIDAE Barbourisia rufa Parr 1945 - Red velvet whalefish - Meso- to bathypelagic, 120–2000 m (mostly > 600 m), in the WNA from northern South America, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico to Greenland (Kotlyar 1995, Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 58885 (1:damaged 11 mm HL, 38û48’N, 71û44’W, 500–1017 m). MEGALOMYCTERIDAE Ataxolepis apus Myers and Freihofer 1966 - Bathypelagic, rare, in the WNA from Bermuda (Swinney 1991) and the Caribbean (Bekker et al. 1975). One specimen (MCZ 60719, 1:44, 39û38’N, 70û03’W, 0–1000 m), collected near Atlantis Canyon, is a northern record. Another was collected just south of the area (MCZ 60720, 1:42, 37û05’N, 73û37’W). CETOMIMIDAE Cetomimus gillii Goode and Bean 1896 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 750–2300 m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to near Block Canyon (Paxton 1990, Tolley et al. 1989). The holotype (USNM 35529) was taken at 39û35’N, 71û24’W near Block Canyon. Another specimen (MCZ 161540, 1:78), collected near Bear Seamount during a 2002 NMFS cruise, is badly damaged but may be this species. Cetostoma regani Zugmayer 1914 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 650–2250 m, in the WNA from Brazil to 38ûN (Paxton 1986, 1990; Tolley et al. 1989). NMFS caught one (MCZ 158722, 1:165, 39û48’N 70û43’W, 0–1000 m) just west of Alvin Canyon. Two additional specimens taken near Bear Seamount (MCZ 161538, 1:140; MCZ 161539, 1:148). Ditropichthys storeri (Goode and Bean 1895) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 777–2900 m, in the WNA from Brazil to near Block Canyon (Paxton 1989, 1990; MCZ specimens). The holotype (USNM 35634, lost since 1965) was taken at 39û03’N, 70û51’W. An additional specimen (MCZ 149422, 1:34) of this rare species is from off Bermuda. Gyrinomimus bruuni group - The genus Gyrinomimus is being revised by John Paxton who recognizes two species groups from the North Atlantic: the bruuni group with G. bruuni and two undescribed species and the myersi group with G. myersi, G. parri, and an undescribed species (J. Paxton pers. comm. 2002). One badly damaged specimen (MCZ 161493, 1:150, 40û15N, 67û10’W, 0–1400 m, 23 July 2002) from near Bear Seamount can be recognized as one of Paxton’s undescribed species in the G. bruuni group. This undescribed species is circumglobal, occurring as far north as 45ûN in the WNA. Gyrinomimus myersi group - A gravid female (MCZ 158584, 1:92, 39û48’N, 70û43’W, 0– 1000 m), collected just to the west of Alvin Canyon during the 1999 NMFS deepwater survey, can be placed in the myersi group (see above) but cannot be identified to species. 220 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 BERYCIFORMES ANOPLOGASTERIDAE Anoplogaster cornuta (Valenciennes 1833) – Fangtooth (FAO) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 640–4900 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988, Woods and Sonoda 1973). Caught at 951 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). MCZ and YPM—at least 30 collections from the area. DIRETMIDAE Diretmichthys parini (Post and Quéro 1981) - Black discfish (FAO) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 240–2100 m, in the WNA from Guyana, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico to south of the Grand Banks (Kotlyar 1987, Post and Quéro 1981). MCZ specimens are from the Gulf of Maine (MCZ 145258, 1:240, 42û14’N, 67û25’W, 235– 250 m), the slope off Georges Bank (MCZ 158594, 1:47, 40û30’N, 67û05’W, 340 m), and from between Washington and Baltimore canyons but just south of the area (MCZ 147936, 1:160). Diretmus argenteus Johnson 1863 – Spinyfin (S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic, 280–2000 m, in the WNA from northern South America, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico to east of Flemish Cap (Kotlyar 1987, Scott and Scott 1988, Woods and Sonoda 1973). MCZ 49127 (1), 60711 (1), 84286 (1), 101701 (1), 148430 (1), 161914 (1), 162027 (1), 162028 (1). TRACHICHTHYIDAE Gephyroberyx darwini (Johnson 1866) - Big roughy (AFS), Darwin’s roughy (FAO) Benthopelagic, 9–1210 m (mostly 200–500 m), in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Browns Bank (Kotlyar 1980, Woods and Sonoda 1973, Van Guelpen 1993). MCZ 57642 (1:270), 99488 (1:245), 99489 (1:319), 99490 (1:390), 149405 (1:369). Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett 1889 - Orange roughy (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 300–1557 m, in the WNA from off the Scotian Shelf to Labrador and western Greenland (Kotlyar 1986, Pohle et al. 1992). The southwesternmost record is from south of La Have Basin (42û38’N, 63û36’W, D. Themelis pers. comm. 2002). Specimens purported to be from the Gulf of Maine (Woods and Sonoda 1973) actually came from the Laurentian Channel, between Nova Scotia and Newfoundland (Moore 2002). Hoplostethus mediterraneus sonodae Kotlyar 1986 - Silver roughy (FAO) Benthopelagic, 183–1466 m (mostly 200–500 m). This subspecies is only known from the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Georges Bank (Kotlyar 1986, Woods and Sonoda 1973). MCZ 38241 (1), 91579 (1:59), 95945 (1:36), 146454 (1:59), YPM 11068 (1), 11173 (1). Hoplostethus occidentalis Woods in Woods and Sonoda 1973 - Western roughy (FAO) Benthopelagic, 200–550 m, previously known in the western Atlantic from southern Brazil, the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, and eastern Florida (Woods and Sonoda 1973, Kotlyar 1986). Numerous specimens (MCZ 75975, 1:113; 124868, 1:130; MCZ 138008, 1:98; YPM 10444, 1:108; YPM 10445, 1:109; YPM 11434, 1:104; YPM 11450, 1:116; YPM 11453, 1:111) were collected recently by both NMFS and commercial fishing vessels off southern New England. A specimen from Browns Bank (ROM 26228, 1:156 TL, 42û20’N, 64û56’W, 439 m), misidentified as H. mediterraneus (Scott and Scott 1988), is the northernmost record (Moore 2002). BERYCIDAE Beryx decadactylus Cuvier 1829 - Alfonsino (FAO), Red Bream (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 100–972 m (commonly 400–600 m), in the WNA from the Caribbean to the Gulf of Maine and southern Nova Scotia (Busakhin 1982, Woods and Sonoda 1973). MCZ 59527 (1), 61978 (1), 84518 (1), 132508 (1), 155869, YPM 11447 (1). Beryx splendens Lowe 1834 - Slender alfonsino (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 200–1000 m, in the WNA from Brazil to Browns Bank (Busakhin 1982, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Woods and Sonoda 1973). Scattergood (1958) described a specimen (MCZ 39550) from Browns Bank that is the northernmost record in the WNA. Another specimen (MCZ 55334) is from just east of the area at 41û31’N, 55û11’W. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 221 ZEIFORMES MACRUROCYTTIDAE Zenion hololepis (Goode and Bean 1896) - Benthopelagic, 300–600 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to south of La Have Bank (Heemstra 1986, Scott and Scott 1988). One specimen (YPM 11431, 39û18’N, 72û14’W, 350–357 m) was collected near Hudson Canyon at 350 m and another (MCZ 101700) is from just south of the area at 37û51’N, 66û39’W. PARAZENIDAE Parazen pacificus Kamohara 1935 - Bentho- to mesopelagic, 146–513 m, reported in the WNA from Cuba (Mead 1957), but known from elsewhere in the Caribbean (e.g., USNM 187892 from Panama and USNM 327769 from Columbia). A pre-settlement juvenile (MCZ 85101, 1:34.5) from Slope Water south of Browns Bank (39û28’N, 64û36’W, 40– 305 m) is the first capture outside the tropical Atlantic and is probably a Gulf Stream waif. ZEIDAE Cyttopsis rosea (Lowe 1843) - Red dory (S&S) - Meso- to benthopelagic, 140–600 m, in the WNA from northern South America, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico to Sable Island Bank (Quéro 1986, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 137985 (1:91), YPM 10443 (1:83). Zenopsis conchifera (Lowe 1852) - Buckler dory (AFS) - Bentho- to mesopelagic, 65–400 m (mostly 200–300 m), in the WNA from Brazil to Sable Island Bank (Moore and DeWitt 2002, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37098 (2:250–330), 38258 (1:72), 161776–77 (2:35– 40), YPM 10425 (1), 11636 (1), 11637 (1). GRAMMICOLEPIDIDAE Grammicolepis brachiusculus Poey 1873 - Thorny tinselfish (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 300– 900 m, in the WNA from Suriname to Georges Bank (Moore and DeWitt 2002, Quéro 1986). The holotype of Xenolepidichthys americanus (AMNH 14107), a junior synonym of G. brachiusculus, came from Georges Bank (Nichols and Firth 1939). Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi Gilchrist 1922 - Spotted tinselfish (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 90–900 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Emerald Bank (Karrer and Heemstra 1986, Moore and DeWitt 2002, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 62017, 62019 (1:56), 76005, 76006 (1), 125542 (1:118 TL), 157769 (1), 162020 (1), YPM 10442 (1:51), 11455 (1:84), 11452 (1:61). CAPROIDAE Antigonia capros Lowe 1843 - Deepbody boarfish (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 40–600 m (mostly 100–300 m), in the WNA from Brazil to the Gulf of Maine (Moore and KleinMacPhee 2002). MCZ and YPM—at least 20 collections from the area. Antigonia combatia Berry and Rathjen 1958 - Shortspine boarfish (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 60–594 m, in the WNA from Brazil to Nova Scotia (Berry and Rathjen 1958, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37604 (1). GASTEROSTEIFORMES MACRORAMPHOSIDAE Macroramphosus scolopax (Linnaeus 1758) - Longspine snipefish (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 50–500 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean to Browns Bank and Slope Water south of the Laurentian Channel (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37369 (1), 37370 (7), 37507 (3), 38312 (34), 38644 (4), 40998 (1), 41148 (50), 92031 (1:107), 99550 (1:115), 149778 (7:97–128), 149779 (3:115–119), YPM 11183 (1), 11184 (1), 11185 (1), 11186 (1). SCORPAENIFORMES SCORPAENIDAE Ectreposebastes imus Garman 1899 - Bentho- to mesopelagic, 275–850 m (mostly 500– 800 m), typically tropical, known in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico (Eschmeyer and Collette 1966). A specimen was taken from Toms Canyon (YPM 11295), and another (ROM 35142, 1:165) from Emerald Bank on the Scotian Shelf is the northernmost record (Scott and Scott 1988). 222 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche 1809) - Blackbelly rosefish (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 2–682 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean to La Have Bank (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953a, Klein-MacPhee and Collette 2002, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ and YPM—at least 35 collections from the area. Pontinus rathbuni Goode and Bean 1896 - Highfin scorpionfish (AFS) - Benthic, 73–366 m, previously known in the WNA from the Caribbean to Virginia (Eschmeyer 1969). A specimen (YPM 11248, 1:147, 40û01.5’N, 70û40’W, 183 m) collected near Alvin Canyon at 183 m is the northernmost record. MCZ 157330 (3:136–170, 38û29’N, 73û31’W). Sebastes fasciatus Storer 1854 - Acadian redfish (S&S), Labrador redfish (AFS) - Benthic, to 592 m, in the WNA from Virginia to Labrador and Greenland (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37869 (2), 37870 (3), 38393 (3), 141190 (1:190), YPM 11258 (5), 11264 (1). Sebastes mentella Travin 1951 - Deepwater redfish (AFS) - Benthopelagic, generally deeper than 600 m, previously known from Baffin Bay to Nova Scotia in the WNA (Robins et al. 1986). Two specimens (USNM 3588839, 1:400, 39û52’N, 70û36’W, 650– 676 m) and (USNM 358839, 1:330, 36û21’N, 74û44’W, 530–743 m) were caught recently by NMFS near Alvin Canyon and north of Cape Hatteras, respectively, the latter extending the range south to North Carolina. Setarches guentheri Johnson 1862 – Deepwater scorpionfish (FNAM) - Benthic, 230–700 m, in the WNA from northern Brazil to east of Block Canyon (39û57’N, 70û56’W) where the holotype of S. parmatus, a junior synonym, was taken (Eschmeyer 1969, Eschmeyer and Collette 1966). Specimens (MCZ 138033, 1:44, 355–366 m; YPM 11295, 1:98, and 11433, 1, 357–366 m) were collected near Alvin Canyon. PERISTEDIIDAE Peristedion gracile Goode and Bean 1896 - Slender searobin (AFS) - Benthic, 30–475 m, previously known from Suriname, the West Indies, and the Gulf of Mexico to New Jersey (Robins et al. 1986, Teague 1961, Uyeno et al. 1983). One specimen (MCZ 155886, 1:62, 40û49’N, 67û41’W, 67 m) extends the range to near the head of Lydonia Canyon on Georges Bank. Peristedion greyae Miller 1967 - Benthic, 183–833 m, from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to North Carolina (McEachran and Fechhelm 1998, Miller 1967). Specimens (MCZ 123799, 2:135–180; 124871, 2:140–165; 137993, 1:165; 137997, 2:195–200) collected between Block and Alvin canyons extend the range slightly north. Peristedion miniatum Goode 1880 - Armored searobin (AFS) - Benthic, 64–910 m, in the WNA from Brazil, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico to Sable Island (Robins et al. 1986, Scott and Scott 1988, Teague 1961). The holotype (USNM 26023) was collected near Alvin Canyon. MCZ—at least 35 collections from the area. Peristedion thompsoni Fowler 1952 - Rimspine searobin (AFS) - Benthic, 115–475 m, previously known from Brazil to North Carolina (Robins et al 1986). MCZ specimens show an almost continuous distribution from Cape Hatteras to the south slope of Georges Bank near Lydonia Canyon and are the first records for the region. MCZ 155873 (1:137, 39û38’N, 72û03W, 166–192 m), 155889 (1:83, 40û29 67û48’W, 128 m), 158589 (2:122– 125, 38û13’N, 73û40’W). Peristedion truncatum Günther 1880. Fig. 37 - Benthic, 440–670 m (MCZ specimens), previously known from northern Brazil to Venezuela (Uyeno et al. 1983). MCZ specimens document its occurrence on the south slope of Georges Bank from Hudson to Alvin canyons, the first records for the region. MCZ 37503 (1:69, 39û35’N, 71û57’W, 432–468 m), 123798 (1:85, 39û55’N, 70û35’W, 439–915 m), 155535 (1:167, 39û37’N, 71û54’W, 468–664 m). COTTIDAE Artediellus atlanticus Jordan and Evermann 1898 - Atlantic hookear sculpin (AFS) Benthic, to 795 m (usually to 384 m), in the WNA from Cape Cod to Greenland (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 31 collections from the area. Triglops murrayi Günther 1888 - Moustache sculpin (AFS) - Benthic, 18–320 m (mostly 18–110 m), in the WNA from Georges Bank to Davis Strait (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 20 collections from the area. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 223 PSYCHROLUTIDAE Cottunculus microps Collett 1875 - Polar sculpin (S&S) - Benthic, 201–896 m, in the WNA from New Jersey to the Arctic Ocean (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953a, KleinMacPhee 2002b, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 15 collections from the area. Cottunculus thomsonii (Günther 1882) - Pallid sculpin (S&S) - Benthic, 182–1462 m, in the WNA from South Carolina to Davis Strait (Nelson 1990, Scott and Scott 1988). Caught at 951–1207 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975) and at 1280 m in Hudson Canyon (Haedrich and Horn 1970). MCZ and YPM—at least 34 collections from the area. AGONIDAE Aspidophoroides monopterygius (Bloch 1786) – Alligatorfish (AFS) - Benthic, 18–332 m, known from Greenland to Cape Cod but straying to New Jersey. The deeper specimens from the area (MCZ 97576 and 155910) come from off the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank at 226 m and the southern New England slope at 198 m respectively. CYCLOPTERIDAE Careproctus ranula (Goode and Bean 1879) - Benthic, 20–668 m, known from New England to Newfoundland (Burke 1930, Scott and Scott 1988). NMFS recently collected two specimens near Block Canyon. MCZ 155467 (1:80), 155469 (1:80). Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus 1758 – Lumpfish (AFS) - Benthic as adult to 329 m, semipelagic as small juvenile, on both sides of the North Atlantic, to Maryland in the west. Taken between 200–360 m at almost 50 NMFS survey stations. Paraliparis calidus Cohen 1968 - Lowfin snailfish (AFS) - Benthic, 150–400 m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Scott and Scott 1988, Wenner 1979). MCZ 38249 (2:100–118), 63177 (1), 63197 (1), 123700 (1:120), 123703 (2:117– 120), 137988 (3:123–139). Paraliparis copei Goode and Bean 1896 - Blacksnout snailfish (S&S) - Benthic, 200– 1088 m, in the WNA from Cape Hatteras to Davis Strait (Scott and Scott 1988). The holotype (USNM 35637) was collected near Hudson Canyon at 950 m. MCZ 37577 (1), 37610 (3), 38264 (1), 39559 (1), 63080 (2), 128152 (1). Paraliparis garmani Burke 1912 - Pouty snailfish (S&S) - Benthic, 550–1000 m, in the WNA from Cape Hatteras to Davis Strait (Burke 1930, Scott and Scott 1988). Caught at 1207 m at Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Musick et al. 1975). MCZ and YPM—at least 16 collections from the area. Figure 37. Peristedion truncatum, MCZ 155506, 135 mm SL, 35û06’N, 75û05’W, 500–593 m. 224 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Paraliparis liparina (Goode 1881) - Benthic, 600–880 m, in the WNA from Toms Canyon to Block Canyon (Andriashev 1993, Burke 1930). The holotype (USNM 26184, reportedly lost) was taken near Block Canyon. Psednos barnardi Chernova 2001 - Bentho-mesopelagic, 750–1368 m. Known from two specimens collected near Alvin and Block canyons. MCZ 155422 (1:34, 39û49’N, 70û39’W), 63036 (1: 15, 39û11’N, 70û59’W). Psednos delawarei Chernova and Stein 2002. Fig. 38 - Bentho-mesopelagic, to 1000 m. Known from one specimen (MCZ 158611, 1:35, 39û48’N, 70û43’W) collected in Slope Water south of Cape Cod by a NMFS survey. Psednos harteli Chernova 2001 - Bentho-mesopelagic, to 1008 m. Known from one specimen collected by WHOI in Slope Water south of Browns Bank. MCZ 63035 (1:48, 40û45’N, 65û03’W, 0–1008 m). Psednos mirabilis Chernova 2001 - Mesopelagic, to 700 m. Known from one specimen collected near Alvin Canyon by a NMFS survey. MCZ 155423 (1:28, 39û47’N, 70û39’W, 0–700 m). PERCIFORMES ACROPOMATIDAE Synagrops bellus (Goode and Bean 1896) - Blackmouth bass (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 60– 910 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to south of Banquereau Bank (Robins et al. 1986, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 62082 (1), 62096 (1), 91608 (7:39– 60), 137233 (1:94), 137984 (2:130–140), 138014 (1:150), 149154 (2:58–61), 149956 (2:106–109), YPM 10440 (1:215), 11312 (1:125). Synagrops spinosus Schultz 1940 - Keelcheek bass - Benthopelagic, 100–400 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to south of Banquereau Bank (Fujii in Uyeno et al. 1983, Rohde et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ records from the slope of Georges Bank and east to 68û57’W are the first for the area. MCZ 38189 (1:84), 49915 (1:46), 76384 (3:94– 96), 93320 (1), 93366 (1:101), 99922 (1:37), 137230 (1:95), 137232 (1:110), 150814 (1:76), 153878 (1:68), 157184 (1:79), 157230 (1:95), YPM 11311 (3:90–96). HOWELLIDAE Howella brodiei Ogilby 1899 - Pelagic basslet - Mesopelagic, 450–900 m, in the Atlantic from the 20ûS to off Iceland (Fedoryako 1976, Post and Quéro 1991). MCZ—at least 70 collections from the area. SYMPHYSANODONTIDAE Symphysanodon berryi Anderson 1970 - Slope bass - Benthopelagic, 220–476 m, previously known in the WNA from the Caribbean to the Bahamas, and off North Carolina (Anderson 1970, Rohde et al. 1995). The MCZ collections contain two juveniles (MCZ 149604, 1:46 and Figure 38. Psednos delawarei, MCZ 158611, 35mm SL, 39û48’N, 70û43’W, 0–1000 m. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 225 150975, 1:54) from the vicinity of Cape Hatteras. Additional post-larvae (MCZ 81829, 81830, and 81831), all taken in Slope Water south of Browns Bank, are probably this species. SERRANIDAE Anthias nicholsi Firth 1933 - Yellowfin bass (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 55–430 m, in the WNA from northeastern Brazil, the Caribbean and Florida to Nova Scotia (Anderson 2003, Robins et al. 1986, Scott and Scott 1988). An adult was collected near Toms Canyon (MCZ 76038, 1:153, 39û16’N, 72û25’W, 183 m) and postlarvae were taken on the south slope of Georges Bank near Veatch Canyon (MCZ 95220, 1:21, 39û56’N, 69û38’W, 0–183 m and 158705, 1:28, 39û57’N, 67û30’W). Sometimes common, as indicated by a catch of 1135 specimens on 5 September 2002 by NMFS (MCZ 162087–88, 8:87–157, 38û28’N, 73û31’W, 0–203 m). Hemanthias aureorubens (Longley 1935) - Streamer bass (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 120– 610 m, in the WNA from northern South America to New Jersey (Baldwin 1990, Robins et al. 1986). MCZ specimens extend the known range north to the vicinity of Block Canyon on the southern New England Slope. MCZ 76035 (1:184, 39û22’N, 72û17’W, 225–241 m), 91697 (1:215, 39û58’N, 71û22’W, 207–217 m), 91926 (4:148–190, 39û16’N, 72û22’W, 232–252 m), 156741 (1:151, 39û32’N, 72û27’W, 207–217 m). Hemanthias vivanus (Jordan and Swain 1885) – Red barbier (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 20– 430 m, known in the WNA from southern Brazil, the Caribbean and Florida to North Carolina (Anderson 2003). Four adults were saved from a catch of 35 near Wilmington Canyon on 5 September 2002 by NMFS (MCZ 162089–90, 4:114–150, 38û28’N, 73û31’W, 0–128 m). POLYPRIONIDAE Polyprion americanus (Schneider 1801) - Wreckfish (S&S) - Benthopelagic as adult, 100– 600 m, in the WNA from Florida to the Grand Banks (Robins et al. 1986, Scott and Scott 1988), including a moderately large specimen (MCZ 153750, 1:540) taken near Block Canyon. MCZ 50933 (2). EPIGONIDAE Bathysphyraenops simplex Parr 1933 - Epi- to mesopelagic, mostly 100–300 m, previously known in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Bahamas (Fedoryako 1976). A specimen collected from Slope Water south of Lydonia Canyon at 500–750 m is the northernmost record. MCZ 147677 (1:68, 38û21’N, 67û38’W, 500–750 m). Epigonus denticulatus Dieuzeide 1950 - Bentho- to mesopelagic, 200–830 m (mostly 300–600 m), previously known in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico (Abramov 1992, Mayer 1974). A specimen (MCZ 95279, 1:83, 39û32’N, 72û26’W, 183– 274 m), taken near Hudson Canyon, is a northward range extension. Epigonus pandionis (Goode and Bean 1881) - Bentho- to mesopelagic, 210–600 m, previously known in the WNA from northern South America, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico to near Hudson Canyon (Abramov 1992, Mayer 1974). This is the most common Epigonus in Slope Water. One specimen (MCZ 137215,1:88), caught between Atlantis and Veatch canyons, extends the range slightly to the southern New England slope. MCZ 48837 (2), 76377 (1:79), 95276 (8:70–117), 95385 (1:71), 99546 (1:105, 39û00’N, 72û49’W, 201–323 m), 126719 (1:92), 135315 (5:63–84), 135316 (4:59–74), 137996 (12:73–111), 150973 (1:85), 150974 (1:88). Figure 39. Epigonus pectinifer MCZ 75976, 82 mm SL, 39û22’N, 72û14’W, 290–304 m. 226 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Epigonus pectinifer Mayer 1974. Fig. 39 - Bentho- to mesopelagic, 280–750 m, previously known from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico in the WNA (Abramov 1992, Mayer 1974). Specimens (MCZ 99528, 3:47–56, 37û04’N, 74û41’W, 120–210 m; MCZ 75976, 1:82, 39û22’N, 72û14’W, 290–304 m; MCZ 95282, 1:67, 38û09’N, 73û49’W, 120– 144 m) taken near Norfolk, Baltimore, and Hudson canyons extend the range northward. Epigonus telescopus (Risso 1810) - Bentho- to mesopelagic, 75–1200 m (mostly 300–800 m), known in the WNA from one specimen (MCZ 48825) taken off Massachusetts (Mayer 1974). LUTJANIDAE Etelis oculatus (Valenciennes 1828) - Queen snapper (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 135–450 m, in the WNA from Brazil to North Carolina (Allen 1985). A juvenile (MCZ 62156, 1:49, 39û09’N, 65û57’W, 3–400 m), probably a Gulf Stream waif, taken from Slope Water south of the tip of Georges Bank is a northward range extension. Pristipomoides aquilonaris (Goode and Bean 1896) - Wenchman (AFS) - Benthopelagic, 24–366 m, in the WNA from Brazil to North Carolina (Allen 1985). A juvenile was captured south of La Have Bank (Scott and Scott 1988) and a 40 mm specimen (MCZ 152939) came from the stomach of a common dolphin Delphinus delphus from Hydrographer Canyon. Other small specimens (MCZ 162356–69, 40:18–39) of this genus, taken near Bear Seamount in 2002, probably belong to this species. Rhomboplites aurorubens (Cuvier 1829) - Vermilion snapper (AFS) - Benthopelagic, previously known in the WNA from Brazil to North Carolina (Allen 1985). A specimen (1:86, 39û18’N, 72û19’W, 243 m), taken near Hudson Canyon, is a northern range record. MCZ 91938. MALACANTHIDAE Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Goode and Bean 1879 - Tilefish (AFS) - Benthic, 81–540 m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida to Banquereau Bank, Nova Scotia (Robins et al. 1986, Scott and Scott 1988). Three post-larvae were taken near Bear Seamount in 2002 (MCZ 162303–05). MCZ - 34564 (1), 34566 (2). BRAMIDAE Brama brama (Bonnaterre 1788) - Atlantic pomfret (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 0–400 m, in the WNA from northern South America to the Grand Banks (Mead 1972, Scott and Scott 1988). Mead (1972) mapped a number of juveniles from just south of Cape Cod. YPM 10438 (1, 39û58’N, 70û46’W). Pterycombus brama Fries 1837 - Atlantic fanfish (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 25–300 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean to Newfoundland (Gomes 1990, Mead 1972). Three juveniles (MCZ 161933–35, 3:44–100) were taken near Bear Seamount in 2002. MCZ— at least 18 collections from the area. Taractes asper Lowe 1843 - Rough pomfret (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, in the eastern North Atlantic from northern Norway to about 30ûN but only a few western Atlantic records from the south Sargasso Sea (Mead, 1972). One specimen collected near Munson Canyon by a 2002 NMFS cruise (MCZ 161671, 1:41, 40û34’N, 67û01’W, 0–498 m), is a new record for New England waters. Taractichthys longipinnis (Lowe 1843) - Bigscale pomfret (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 0–300 m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to Browns Bank (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 31598 (1), 46330 (1), 46331 (1), 54097 (2), 58572 (1:572), 76049 (2), 76050 (1), 96428 (1). CARISTIIDAE Note: Epi- to bathypelagic, 100–2000 m (mostly 300–800 m), in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Davis Strait (Post 1990c, Scott and Scott 1988). This family is in great need of revision. With some of the nominal species doubtful, we hesitate to give full accounts of species distributions. Our identifications are tentative. One subadult (USNM 289479) was collected by a submersible near Hydrographer Canyon at 617 feet in association with a siphonophore Bathyphysa conifera (Janssen et al. 1989). MCZ holds a number of pelagic juveniles (ca. 15–40 mm) and adults from the area: MCZ 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 227 66433 (1), 66435 (1), 89877 (1), 101082 (1), 148381 (1), 158699 (1:139), 162171 (1:143), 162172 (1:143), 162173 (1:90), YPM 11065 (1). Caristius groenlandicus Jensen 1941 - ROM 26008 (1) from Browns Bank cited by Scott and Scott (1988). Caristius japonicus Gill and Smith 1905 - MCZ 42381 (1), 55244 (1) both from the area. BATHYCLUPEIDAE Bathyclupea argentea Goode and Bean 1896 - Benthopelagic, 400–3300 m, previously known from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico in the WNA (Dick 1972). Markle et al. (1988) reported the first occurrence of this species north of Florida based on a specimen collected at 360–475 m off Nova Scotia. A juvenile (MCZ 153555, 1:84, 39û42’N, 71û56’W, 259–263 m) is also from the area and the shallowest record for this family. CHIASMODONTIDAE Chiasmodon niger Johnson 1863 – Black swallower (S&S) - Meso- to bathypelagic, generally below 750 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean to Flemish Cap (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 40 collections from the area. Dysalotus alcocki MacGilchrist 1905 - Meso- to bathypelagic, >700 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide. In the WNA from the tropical Atlantic and the Sargasso Sea (Johnson and Keene 1990). A specimen (MCZ 60722, 39û28’N, 64û36’W, 800–1000 m) was collected from Slope Water south of La Have Bank. Kali indica Lloyd 1909 - Meso- to bathypelagic, 0–2100 m, in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide (Johnson and Keene 1986) and in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. NMFS collected a specimen (MCZ 158887, 1:138) from waters above Bear Seamount in 2000, which is the first record off New England. Kali macrodon (Norman 1929) - Bathypelagic, >1500 m, in the tropical WNA and the Gulf of Mexico (Johnson and Keene 1990). One specimen (MCZ 138040, 1:155, 39û42’N, 71û27’W, 0–1830 m), collected by F/V Contender near Block Canyon, and another (MCZ 162234, 1:67), collected by NMFS near Bear Seamount, are the only records from the area. Kali macrura (Parr 1933) - Meso- to bathypelagic, >600 m, in tropical to subtropical waters worldwide. In the WNA from the Bahamas and the Sargasso Sea (Johnson and Keene 1986). The MCZ has one specimen (MCZ 60724, 1:67, 38û49’N, 71û40’W, 600– 800 m) collected by WHOI within a warm-core ring off Hudson Canyon. Pseudoscopelus spp. - The genus Pseudoscopelus needs revision. At least six undescribed species have been studied and one was recognized from the area and is based, in part, on MCZ 41443 (2:47–77) collected just off Georges Bank (R. Lavenberg pers. comm. 2002). An additional specimen (MCZ 68420, 1:35) is from 37û40’N, 66û50’W. Pseudoscopelus scriptus Lütken 1892 - Meso- to bathypelagic, distribution poorly known but originally described from near Bermuda. MCZ has five lots from the area: MCZ 68449 (1:55, 37û32’N, 69û32’W), 68451 (1:21, 38û47’N, 68û56’W), 138069 (1:52, 39û05’N, 72û27’W), and MCZ 162235, 36 (2:45–47, both near 40ûN, 68ûW). Pseudoscopelus scutatus Krefft 1971 - Meso- to bathypelagic, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to the Bahamas, the Sargasso Sea, and Flemish Cap (Bañón et al. 1999). Three specimens (MCZ 45180, 1:53, 40û25’N, 66û45’W; 162235, 1:45, 40û04’N, 68û05’W; and MCZ 162236, 1:47, 39û58’N, 67û59’W) are records of this rare species north of Florida. URANOSCOPIDAE Xenocephalus egregius (Jordan and Thompson 1905) - Freckled stargazer (AFS) Benthic, 180–440 m, previously known from the Gulf of Mexico to Florida and Georgia (Robins et al. 1986). One specimen (USNM 328522), taken at 255 m on the eastern side of Block Canyon, is a northward range extension. PERCOPHIDAE Bembrops anatirostris Ginsburg 1955 - Duckbill flathead (AFS) - Benthic, 82–549 m, in the WNA from northern South America to the northern Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas (Thompson and Suttkus 1998). One specimen (MCZ 156738, 1:209, 39û32’N, 72û27’W, 228 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 129–162 m), taken by F/V Flicka near Hudson Canyon, is the first record of the species north of the Bahamas. Bembrops gobioides (Goode 1880) - Goby flathead (AFS) - Benthic, 100–700 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to near Alvin Canyon (Das and Nelson 1996, Thompson and Suttkus 1998). The holotype (USNM 26007), taken near Alvin Canyon, has been cited as the only record north 29ûN (Das and Nelson 1996). We have identified over 40 specimens from north of 39û22’N, 72û14’W and east to 39û59’N, 70û52’W in the MCZ and YPM collections. MCZ 76002 (1), 76003 (2), 124197 (2:195– 224), 124198 (4:187–237), 124199 (2:220–220), 124982 (18:125–258), 154757 (6:175– 235), YPM 11310 (2:188–220), 11428 (1:232). ANARHICHADIDAE Anarhichas denticulatus Krøyer 1845 - Northern wolffish (AFS) - Benthic, 0–600 m (mostly 151–600 m), previously known in the WNA from Sable Island Bank to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). One specimen (YPM 10427, 1:376, 39û50’N, 71û35’W, 439–568 m) was collected just west of Block Canyon by the F/V Patty Jo. Another (MCZ 99513, 1:790) is from the Gulf of Maine. NMFS recently collected two specimens (USNM 358846 1:350, 39û10’N, 72û25’W, 506–687 m; USNM 358845, 1:370, 39û50’N, 71û18’W, 702–770 m) near Block Canyon. These specimens extend the range south to the southern New England slope. Anarhichas minor Olafsen 1772 - Spotted wolffish (AFS) - Benthic, 50–600 m, previously known in the WNA from the Gulf of Maine to Greenland (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953a, Okamura et al. 1995, Rountree 2002, Scott and Scott 1988). Port agents have occasionally noted a few specimens brought in by commercial fishing vessels from along the south slope of Georges Bank. We add a partially digested specimen (over 400 mm TL) taken from the stomach of a 660 mm TL Lophius americanus near Block Canyon (39û52’N, 70û36’W, 650–676 m, J. Moore pers. obs.). These records document this species occurring on the southern New England slope. STICHAEIDAE Lumpenus maculatus (Fries 1837) - Daubed shanny (AFS) - Benthic, 2–475 m, circumpolar, south to Cape Cod in the WNA (Scott and Scott, 1988). Two specimens (MCZ 62032, 42û52’N, 69û47’W) were taken in the Gulf of Maine in 243 m. CRYPTACANTHODIDAE Cryptacanthodes maculatus Storer 1839 – Wrymouth (AFS) - Benthic, usually intertidal to 100 m, from southern Labrador to New Jersey in the North Atlantic (Scott and Scott, 1988). A specimen (MCZ 98833, 1:335, 42û40”N, 69û40’W) was taken at a depth of about 250 m by R/V Gloria Michelle and another (MCZ 97565) was taken off Cape Cod in 196 m. ZOARCIDAE Lycenchelys alba (Vaillant 1888) - Benthic, 2931–3975 m, in the WNA from Norfolk Canyon (USNM 260459) to the Labrador Sea. There are two records of this very rare species in the area (MCZ 55405,1:230 TL, 38û28’N, 70û52’W, 2931–2967 m, and USNM 83880, 3, 39û15’N, 68û08’W, 3263 m). Lycenchelys paxillus (Goode and Bean 1879) - Common wolf eel (AFS) - Benthic, 375– 1500+ m, in the WNA from North Carolina to off eastern Greenland (Anderson 1994, Møller 1999, Scott and Scott 1988). Caught at 1500–1960 m in Hudson Canyon (Haedrich and Polloni 1974). MCZ—at least 17 collections from the area. Lycenchelys verrillii (Goode and Bean 1877) - Wolf eelpout (AFS) - Benthic, 46–1097 m, in the WNA from Georgia to Newfoundland (Anderson 1994, Scott and Scott 1988); common on the outer shelf and upper slope. MCZ—at least 40 collections from the area. Lycodes esmarkii Collett 1875 - Greater eelpout (AFS) - Benthic, 151–785 m, in the WNA from Virginia to Greenland (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 37665 (1), 37766 (2), 37788 (1), 38238 (1), 38337 (1), 38398 (1), 38445 (2), 38455 (1), 38467 (1), 38475 (2), YPM 11158 (1). Lycodes terraenovae Collett 1896 - Atlantic eelpout (S&S) - Benthic, 620–2416 m, in the WNA from South Carolina to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). Formerly treated as 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 229 Lycodes atlanticus (see Møller 2000). MCZ—at least 27 collections from the area. Lycodonus mirabilis Goode and Bean 1883 - Benthic, 828–3321 m, in the WNA from North Carolina to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995). Caught at 951–1143 m (Musick et al. 1975) and seen at 1930–1988 m (Cohen and Pawson 1977) at Deepwater Dumpsite 106. Also known from Browns Bank (USNM 33380). MCZ 38188 (1), 38301 (2), 55404 (1), 137983 (1:315), 146903 (1:128), 146904 (1:270), 146905 (1:260), 146906 (3:265–270). Melanostigma atlanticum Koefoed 1952 - Atlantic soft pout (AFS) - Meso- to benthopelagic, 275–2000 m, in the WNA from Cape Hatteras to Greenland (Anderson and Almeida 1990, Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988); a common midwater zoarcid. MCZ—at least 40 collections from the area. Pachycara bulbiceps (Garman 1899) - Benthic, 1280–4750 m, rare in the WNA from Norfolk Canyon to Hudson Canyon (Markle and Sedberry 1978). MCZ 57612 (1), 69743 (1). CALLIONYMIDAE Foetorepus agassizii (Goode and Bean 1888) - Spotfin dragonet (S&S) - Benthic, 100– 640 m, in the WNA from Brazil to Sable Island Bank (Nakabo and Hartel 1999, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 75999 (1:175), 150760 (4:88–139), 146981 (1:46), YPM 10441 (1). Foetorepus goodenbeani Nakabo and Hartel 1999 - Palefin dragonet - Benthic, 47–396 m, in the WNA from the northern Gulf of Mexico to Gilbert Canyon (Nakabo and Hartel 1999). MCZ 76001 (1:175), 95954 (1), 95955 (1), 123587 (2:152–194), 148789 (1:67), 150755 (3:75–206), 150756 (1:171), 150757 (1:116), 150758 (1:77), 150812 (1:70). DRACONETTIDAE Centrodraco acanthopoma (Regan 1904) - Benthic, 380–600 m, in western Atlantic from about 10ûN to the Gulf Stream off Browns Bank based on pelagic juveniles. One 23 mm juvenile (MCZ 85930, 39û27’N, 65û35’W) taken in the area, and a number of other records are known just to the south. SCOMBROLABRACIDAE Scombrolabrax heterolepis Roule 1921 - Black mackerel - Mesopelagic, 100–900 m, in the WNA from French Guiana and the Gulf of Mexico to off Toms Canyon (MCZ 55147, 1, 38û48’N, 71û47’W, 0–64 m) and Bear Seamount (MCZ 162142, 1:105 and 162144, 1:41). GEMPYLIDAE Diplospinus multistriatus Maul 1948 - Striped escolar (FAO) - Mesopelagic, to 1000 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to south of the Grand Banks (Nakamura and Parin 1993). MCZ—at least 34 collections from the area. Gempylus serpens Cuvier 1829 - Snake mackerel (FAO) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 0–200+ m, previously known in the WNA from Brazil to Cape Hatteras and Bermuda (Nakamura and Parin 1993). One adult (MCZ 58723, 1:694, 39û44’N, 70û39’W, 225 mwo) was collected east of Block Canyon. Another individual (MCZ 43164, 39û50’N, 66û 25’W), from the stomach of a dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus, was collected southeast of Munson Canyon. A third adult (151379, 1:715, 40û13’N, 66û50’W) was taken southeast of Powell Canyon and is the northernmost adult record. Larvae and postlarvae have been collected as far north as the area south of Browns Bank (MCZ 83441, 39û18’N, 64û58’W). Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith 1843) - Escolar (AFS, FAO) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 0–200+ m, in the WNA from Brazil to Emerald Bank (Nakamura and Parin 1993, Schwartz 1997, Scott and Scott 1988). Scott and Scott (1988) listed a ROM specimen captured off southeastern Georges Bank. Nealotus tripes Johnson 1865 - Black snake mackerel (AFS, FAO) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 0–600 m, a vertical migrant, in the WNA from Brazil to the Grand Banks (Nakamura and Parin 1993, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 40 collections from the area. Neoepinnula americana (Grey 1953) - American sackfish (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 184– 457 m, previously known in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico (Nakamura and Parin 1993). Specimens (MCZ 91621,37û56’N, 73û57’W, 183 m; MCZ 144900, 1:147, 39û55’N, 69û30’W, 382 m) collected just south of Baltimore Canyon and from west of Hydrographer Canyon respectively, are the northernmost records. 230 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Nesiarchus nasutus Johnson 1862 - Black gemfish (FAO) - Bentho- to mesopelagic, 200– 1200 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Nova Scotia (Nakamura and Parin 1993). MCZ 58724 (2), 64839 (1), 83153 (1), 148384 (1), 148623 (1), YPM 10447 (1). Promethichthys prometheus (Cuvier 1832) - Roudi escolar (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 100– 750 m, in the WNA from Brazil to New England (Nakamura and Parin 1993). MCZ 40598 (1), 75995 (1), 135321 (1:283). Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco 1829 - Oilfish (AFS, FAO) - Benthopelagic, 100–700 m, in the WNA from Brazil to the Grand Banks (Nakamura and Parin 1993). MCZ 145256 (1:882). TRICHIURIDAE Aphanopus intermedius Parin 1983 – Intermediate scabbardfish (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 800–1350 m, in the WNA from the Greater Antilles, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Sargasso Sea to Nova Scotia (Parin 1995). Scott and Scott (1988) noted a specimen from off Sable Island Bank (ROM 22159). Benthodesmus simonyi (Steindachner 1891) - Simony’s frostfish (FAO) - Benthopelagic, 200–900 m, in the WNA from off Bermuda, New England, and Newfoundland (Nakamura and Parin 1993). Reported from midwater near Deepwater Dumpsite 106 (Krueger et al. 1977). MCZ and YPM—at least 26 collections from the area. Benthodesmus tenuis (Günther 1877) - Slender frostfish (FAO), smalleye frostfish (S&S) Benthopelagic, 200–850 m, in the WNA from French Guiana, the Gulf of Mexico, and off Cape Hatteras (Nakamura and Parin 1993). Scott and Scott (1988) reported one specimen captured off Browns Bank. MCZ 75998 (1:315), 123704 (2:470–475), 123828 (1:475), 144899 (1:427), 155855 (7:272–370), 156805 (1:355), 157728 (1:500). Evoxymetopon taeniatus Gill 1863 - Channel scabbardfish (FAO). - Benthopelagic on the continental slope and sometimes on the shelf (Nakamura and Parin 1993), to at least 540 m (USNM specimens). Rare in the WNA, previously known from the Bahamas, the Caribbean Sea, and off southern Brazil (Nakamura and Parin 1993). Included here based on MCZ 160934, a 150 cm specimen collected by F/V Jason & Danielle at 39û03’N, 72û46’W (near Toms Canyon) in about 145 m. This is the northernmost record for the species and a significant range extension. Lepidopus altifrons Parin and Collette 1993 - Crested scabbardfish (FAO) Benthopelagic, 200–500 m, in the WNA from Suriname, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico to Sable Island Bank (Parin and Collette 1993). Paratypes (MCZ 41518, 1:328 and 64835, 1:219) and two other specimens (MCZ 147904, 1:135 and 158590, 1) were collected in the area. Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 - Atlantic cutlassfish (AFS), Largehead hairtail (FAO) - Benthopelagic to 350 m, in the WNA from Brazil to Cape Cod (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953a, Collette 2002a, Nakamura and Parin 1993). MCZ 38647 (1). XIPHIIDAE Xiphias gladius Linnaeus 1758 - Swordfish (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 0–600 m, known in the WNA from Brazil to Flemish Cap (Collette 2002b, Robins et al. 1986, Scott and Scott 1988). A commercial fisherman reported (to JAM) that he caught four swordfish in a trawl net at 534 m near Powell Canyon. One of the deepest records is of a swordfish that attacked the submersible Alvin at 2000 feet on the Blake Plateau south of the study area in July of 1967; interestingly, this fish was first observed lying on the bottom (Zarudski and Haedrich 1974). LUVARIDAE Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque 1810 - Louvar (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 0–400+ m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida to southern New England (Robins et al. 1986). We have seen a photograph of a large specimen from off southern New England (R. Nawojchik pers. comm. 2000) and a commercial fishing vessel took a large specimen (MCZ 131845,1: 490) at 39û22’N, 72û08’W. In addition, there are a number of records of larvae (14- 42 mm) in Slope Water (MCZ 59525, 60721, 96694, 96695, 161585–89). 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 231 CENTROLOPHIDAE Centrolophus niger (Gmelin 1788) - Black ruff (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic to 450 m in the WNA from New Jersey to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 34246 (1), 56853 (1). Schedophilus medusophagus (Cocco 1839) - Brown ruff (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic to 400 m in the WNA from North Carolina to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 128240 (1:300), 161886–87 (2:62–92). NOMEIDAE Cubiceps capensis (Smith 1849) - Epi- to mesopelagic, ranging widely in the North and South Atlantic (Agafonova 1989 and 1994), in the WNA from Bermuda (USNM 240539), New Jersey (USNM 220911), and Browns Bank (ROM 41725, see Scott and Scott 1988). We add specimens caught by F/V High Stakes and F/V Ms. Millie) using longlines near Block Canyon (MCZ 131848, 1:820, 110–128 m) and the Grand Banks (MCZ 131847, 1:910, 42û13’N, 52û04’W), the latter being a northern record. Cubiceps gracilis (Lowe 1843) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 0–900 m, in the WNA from Norfolk Canyon to Slope Water south of the Grand Banks (Agafonova and Kukuyev 1990, Agafonova 1994). MCZ 159660 (1:144, 38û33’N, 73û43’W), 162119 (1:116, 40û22’N, 66û44’W). Cubiceps pauciradiatus Günther 1872 - Epi- to mesopelagic to 300+ m in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to Hudson Canyon (MCZ 42974, the holotype of C. athenae a synonym, Butler 1979). Juveniles are also caught as far north as 41û40’N, 55û49’W, directly south of St. Pierre Bank, Newfoundland (Scott and Scott 1988). Nineteen specimens were taken near Bear Seamount in 2002 (MCZ 161868–72, 161910, and 162882 totaling 19:21–81). MCZ 42974 (1, 38û39’N, 71û27’W, 0–64 m), 62233 (1:80, 41û05’N, 63û33’W, 0–1000 m), YPM 12996 (1, 40û42’N, 66û35’W, 2000 mwo). Psenes cyanophrys Valenciennes 1833 - Freckled driftfish (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, in the WNA from Brazil to Massachusetts (Robins et al. 1986). The northernmost specimen (MCZ 62244) was collected south of Browns Bank. MCZ 47891 (1), 47900 (25), 79639 (1), 161908 (1:82), 161995 (1:109). Psenes maculatus Lütken 1880 - Silver driftfish (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, in the WNA from northern South America to south of La Have Bank (Scott and Scott 1988). NMFS collected eight specimens near Oceanographer Canyon, Bear Seamount, and Munson Canyon in 2002 (MCZ 161915, 2:49–50; 161998, 2:38–73; 162031–35, 6–20–115), and there are other records of larvae and small juveniles. MCZ 79240(1), 79241(1), 79242(1), 79582 (1) 79595(1), 79596 (1), 155916 (1). Psenes pellucidus Lütken 1880 - Bluefin driftfish (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to Sable Island Bank (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 161888–89 (2:32–62) and 162278–79 (2:151–155) are from near Bear Seamount. MCZ – 52190 (1), 79212 (2), 79213 (1), 79214 (1), 79215 (1), 79577 (1), 79578 (1), 79579 (1). TETRAGONURIDAE Tetragonurus atlanticus Lowe 1839 - Bigeye squaretail (AFS) - Epi- to mesopelagic, 0– 800 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean to the Grand Banks (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 41726 (1), 41791 (1), 78283 (1), 79287 (1), 135324 (1:63, 41û09’N, 66û29’W, 70–75 m), 161888 (1:62, 40û15’N, 67û10’W). ARIOMMATIDAE Ariomma melanum (Ginsburg 1954) - Brown driftfish (AFS) - Mesopelagic, 200–600 m, in the WNA from the Caribbean to New York (Horn 1972). Specimens (MCZ 91584, 1:124; 92117, 1:106; YPM 10430, 1:384 m) from Welker Canyon and from Bear Seamount (MCZ 161901–06, 47:22–109) extend the range east. PLEURONECTIFORMES PARALICHTHYIDAE Citharichthys arctifrons Goode 1880 - Gulf Stream flounder (AFS) - Benthic, 22–366 m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida to Sable Island Bank (Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ—at least 65 collections from the area. 232 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 10, No. 2 Monolene sessilicauda Goode 1880 - Deepwater flounder (AFS) - Benthic, 110–460 m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida to Atlantis Canyon (Goode and Bean 1896, Gutherz 1967). Scott and Scott (1988) reported a larva caught south of Newfoundland. M. sessilicauda is probably conspecific with M. antillarum Norman, 1933 (Gutherz 1967, T. Munroe pers. comm. 2001). The genus needs review and we follow usage of the older name sessilicauda. MCZ 37451 (10), 37516 (4), 38180 (2), 38252 (1), 38289 (15), 39602 (1), 39603 (1), 39851 (1), 53940 (1), 109937 (4:133–160), MCZ 125530, 2:133–140, 39û56’N, 70û39’W, 298–368 m. PLEURONECTIDAE Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus 1758) - Witch flounder (AFS) - Benthic, 18–1570 m (mostly 45–366 m), in the WNA from Cape Lookout, North Carolina to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988); a very common deepwater flounder. MCZ— at least 60 collections from the area. Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius 1780) - American plaice (AFS) - Benthic, 36– 713 m (mostly 73–274 m), in the WNA from Rhode Island to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ 38474 (1), 38461 (1). Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus 1758). - Atlantic halibut (AFS) - Benthic, 37–550 m, in the WNA from Virginia to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Scott and Scott 1988). Although now uncommon in the area, this species was once common (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953a, Goode and Bean 1896, Klein-MacPhee 2002c). Poecilopsetta beanii (Goode 1880) - Deepwater dab - Benthic, 203–1641 m, known in the WNA from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico to east of Block Canyon (Goode and Bean 1896, Rohde et al. 1995). Mentioned in Goode and Bean (1896) and Bigelow and Schroeder (1953a) as Limanda beanii. Most specimens come from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, but there are records from the Mid-Atlantic Bight: two from the NMFS groundfish survey database (2 Nov 1975 at 35û55’N, 74û49’W, north of Cape Hatteras and 8 Oct 1976 at 38û17’N, 73û37’W, near Wilmington Canyon), and one from Norfolk Canyon (USNM 217687). Two syntypes (USNM 26102) collected just east of Block Canyon at 220–231 m are the northernmost adult records. Five larval specimens are from the area: MCZ 78493 (1:10, 39û46’N, 65û14’W, 12–200 m) from off Browns Bank, MCZ 78492 (2:9–13, 41û05’N, 63û33’W, 0–1000 m) from off La Have Bank, and MCZ 158774 (1:30; 161679, 1:65) from near Bear Seamount. Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum 1792) - Greenland halibut (AFS) Benthopelagic, 90–2000 m, previously known in the WNA from New Jersey to Greenland (Okamura et al. 1995, Robins et al. 1986, Scott and Scott 1988). MCZ and YPM have numerous specimens collected off New England. F/V Matthew Melissa and F/V Panther reportedly caught Greenland halibut in Toms Canyon below 652 m. A NMFS cruise in 1999 caught a 387 mm immature female just north of Cape Hatteras (36û21’N, 74û44’W, 530–743 m), a significant southern range extension. MCZ 37745 (1), 37793 (1), 37804 (1), 37863 (2), 37864 (3), 37865 (1), 37866 (1), 38458 (2), 38459 (1), 38466 (1), 57690 (1), YPM 10428 (1), 11276 (1). CYNOGLOSSIDAE Symphurus billykrietei Munroe 1998 - Kriete’s tonguefish - Benthic, 117–650 m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico to about Sable Island Bank (Munroe 1998). MCZ 64849 (6:58–75), 91580 (1:108), 91581 (1:75), 91643 (1:64), 94336 (1:64), 99447 (4:89–102), 135301 (1:45), 150774 (1:53), 150775 (1:120). Symphurus marginatus (Goode and Bean 1886) - Margined tonguefish - Benthic, 37–750 m, in the WNA from Brazil to “off New Jersey” (actually just west of Alvin Canyon) (Munroe 1998). MCZ 151172 (1:135) is the northernmost record (Alvin Canyon) cited by Munroe. Symphurus nebulosus (Goode and Bean 1883) – Freckled tonguefish (AFS) - Benthic, 239–810 m, in the WNA from the Bahamas to the continental slope near Nygren Canyon (Munroe 1998). One specimen (MCZ 97453, 1:36, 39û40’N, 70û58’W, 450 m) was collected east of Block Canyon. 2003 J.A. Moore, K.E. Hartel, J.E. Craddock, and J.K. Galbraith 233 Symphurus pusillus (Goode and Bean 1885) - Northern tonguefish (AFS) - Benthic, 102– 233 m, in the WNA from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida to Hydrographer Canyon (Munroe 1998). The lectotype and paralectotypes (USNM 28730, 28778, and 325958) were taken between Block and Veatch canyons, and the deepest occurring specimen (VIMS 9116, from 233 m) was collected near Hydrographer Canyon (Munroe 1998). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the captains, scientists, and crews of the research vessels that collected much of our study material; in particular those from Albatross IV, Atlantis II, Delaware II, Chain, Knorr, and Oceanus. Don Flescher (formerly NMFS), Nancy Balcom (Connecticut Sea Grant), and Rob Nawojchik (Mystic Marine Life Aquarium) facilitated the transfer of important specimens to MCZ or YPM. Captains Walter and James Allyn of F/V Matthew Melissa and Capt.William Bomster of F/V Patty Jo (all out of Stonington, CT), Capt. Harold Loftes of F/V Mary Elena (out of Pt Judith, RI), and Capt. Malvin Kvilhaug of F/V Contender (out of New Bedford, MA) collected and donated specimens while conducting federally funded exploratory fishery studies between 1994–1996. Bruce Collette (NMFS), Ken Sulak (USGS), and an anonymous reviewer reviewed earlier versions of this manuscript. Jerry D. Hardy, Jr. (NOAA) and Heidi Bandford (NMFS) checked nomenclature from the ITIS database. Chris Kenaley (MCZ) assisted with the images and processing of specimens. Daniel Cohen, Anthony Harold, Tomio Iwamoto, John Paxton, Theodore Pietsch, and David Smith confirmed the identification of selected specimens or supplied information. Frank Schwartz supplied North Carolina records. This study was partially funded by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship (to JAM) while at the NMFS in Woods Hole and JAM was also supported as a Guest Investigator at WHOI. 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