LIPI
A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY,
PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
12(4)
REINWARDTIA
A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY,
PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Vol. 12(4): 261 - 337, 31 March 2008
Editors
ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA, MIEN A. RIFAI, SOEDARSONO RISWAN, JOHANIS P. MOGEA
Correspondece on The Reinwardtia journal and subscriptions should be addressed to
HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BIDANG BOTANI, PUSAT PENELITIAN BIOLOGI - LIPI,
BOGOR, INDONESIA
REINWARDTIA
Vol 12, Part 4, pp: 301 - 323
FLORISTICS AND STRUCTURE OF A LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP
FOREST AT WANARISET SAMBOJA, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Received November 3, 2007; accepted January 20, 2008.
KUSWATA KARTAWINATA
Herbarium Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology - LIPI, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia; UNESCO Jakarta Office,
Jakarta, Indonesia; Botany Department, Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA. E-mail: kkjak@indo.net.id
(author for correspondence).
PURWANINGSIH, TUKIRIN PARTOMIHARDJO, RAZALI YUSUF, ROCHADI ABDULHADI
& SOEDARSONO RISWAN
Herbarium Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology - LIPI, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
ABSTRACT.
KARTAWINATA, K., PURWANINGSIH, PARTOMIHARDJO, T., YUSUF, R., ABDULHADI, R. & RISWAN, S. 2008.
Floristics and structure of a lowland dipterocarp forest at Wanariset Samboja, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Reinwardtia
12(4): 301– 323. — The results of a floristic inventory of trees with DBH < 10 cm in a lowland dipterocarp forest in East
Kalimantan show that 553 species of 192 genera in 62 families, represented by 5847 individuals, with the total basal
area of 350.01 m2 occurred in the plot of 10.5 hectare sampled. The two leading families in terms of number of species
were Myrtaceae and Lauraceae while according to the total sum of importance values for families were
Dipterocarpaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The forest had the second highest species richness in Indonesia. We recorded
25 species of dipterocarps , constituting 4.53 % of total species with basal area of 85.53 m2. or 24.44 % of the total
basal area in the plot. Shorea laevis (a diptererocarp) and Pholidocarpus majadum, (a palm) were the most prominent
species occurring here and were two of the ten leading species. The species-area curve rose steadily even up to an
area of 10.5 hectare, with a very slight indication of levelling off at about five hectares, indicating high heterogeneity
of the forest. Three largest trees were Shorea pauciflora (DBH = 196.50 cm) Dipterocarpus cornutus (DBH = 170.90
cm), and Alstonia scholaris (DBH = 170.00 cm) , Some species could be identified as fruit trees and medicinal plants.
Key words: Composition, structure, dipterocarp forest, species richness, East Kalimantan
KARTAWINATA, K., PURWANINGSIH, PARTOMIHARDJO, T., YUSUF, R., ABDULHADI, R. & RISWAN, S. 2008.
Floristik dan struktur hutan pamah dipterocarpa di Wanariset Samboja, Kalimantan , Indonesia. Reinwardtia 12(4):
301– 323. — Hasil inventarisasi pohon dengan DBH (diameter setinggi dada) > 10 cm menunjukkan bahwa 553 spesies
dari 192 marga dalam 62 suku, yang diwakili oleh 5847 batang pohon dengan luas bidang dasar total 350.01 m2,
terdapat dalam plot cuplikan 10.5 hektare. Berdasarkan jumlah spesies dua suku utama adalah Myrtaceae dan Lauraceae,
sedangkan menurut nilai penting suku adalah Dipterocarpaceae dan Euphorbiaceae. Hutan di sini mempunyai
kekayaan spesies pohon tertinggi kedua di Indonesia. Spesies Dipterocarpaceae tercatat 25 spesies atau 4.53 %
dari jumlah total spesies dengan luas bidang dasar 85.53 m2 atau 24.44 % dari luas bidang dasar total seluruh pohon
mmkkkmmkkkk
dalam petak Shorea laevis (diptererokarpa) dan Pholidocarpus majadum ( palem) adalah spesies pohon paling
menonjol di sini dan merupakan dua dari sepuluh jenis pohon utama. Kurva spesies-luas menanjak tajam bahkan
sampai 10.5 hektare, dan agak mendatar pada luasan lima hektare, yang menunjukkan heterogenitas hutan yang tinggi.
Tiga pohon terbesar adalah Shorea pauciflora (DBH = 196.50 cm) Dipterocarpus cornutus (DBH = 170.90 cm), dan
Alstonia scholaris (DBH = 170.00 cm) Beberapa jenis dapat diidentifikasi sebagai pohon buah-buahan dan tumbuhan
obat
Kata kunci: Komposisi, struktur, hutan dipterokarpa, kekayaan jenis, Kalimantan Timur.
301
302
REINWARDTIA
INTRODUCTION
Borneo is widely acknowledged as one of the
most important centers of plant diversity in the
world as well as the center of distribution and
species diversity for a large number of families
and genera within the Malesian archipelago
(Whitmore, 1986; Soepadmo, 1995). The most
widespread forest ecosystem in Borneo is the mixed
dipterocarp forest, mainly characterised by a 40-60
m tall canopy dominated by an association of
species of the Dipterocarpaceae family. This forest
shows the greatest number of species of any rain
forest ecosystem in Malesia (Whitmore, 1986;
Philips et al., 1994). Mixed dipterocarp forests are
also one of the most productive in the tropics and
have been extensively logged during the last 30
years. Harvesting rates range from 80 to100 m3 ha-1
whereas in other parts of the tropics they do not
exceed 30 to 50 m3 ha-1 (Sist, 2000). In Kalimantan,
most of the lowland dipterocarp forests have been
heavily logged and now the hill forests of the
interior constitute the remaining primary forest and
the main source of timber. Current knowledge of
the ecology, floristics, structure and species richness
of the lowland mixed dipterocarps forests is mainly
based on studies carried out in Sabah, Brunei and
Sarawak (e.g. Burgess,1961; Ashton, 1964;
Nicholson, 1965; Bruenig, 1969, 1970, 1973; Proctor
et al., 1983; Baillie et al., 1987; Ashton et al., 1992;
Newberry et al., 1992; Davies & Becker, 1996).
For Kalimantan, the studies remain few
(Kartawinata et al., 1981; Riswan, 1982; Guhardja
et al., 2000; Riswan, 1987a & b; Suselo & Riswan,
1987; Partomihardjo et al., 1987; Soekardjo et al.,
1990; Setiadi et al., 1996; Soedjito, 1990; Soedjito
& Kartawinata, 1995; Sist & Saridan, 1999;
Tanuwijaya et al., 1996). A floristic analysis of the
lowland dipterocarp forests of Borneo found that
on a regional scale, diversity is highest in southeast Borneo and central Sarawak with
Dipterocarpaceae as the most common family
followed by Euphorbiaceae and several
geographically distinct floristic regions could be
detected. (Slik et al. 2003). Based on data from
Northern Borneo, mainly Sarawak, Brunei and
Sabah, it was suggested that forests of western
Borneo were significantly richer in dipterocarp
species than those of eastern Borneo (Ashton, 1989;
Davies & Becker, 1996). The richness of the
lowland rainforest of Sarawak and Brunei might
be linked to the higher climatic stability of Northwestern Borneo which experiences less dramatic
and severe drought periods attributed to El Niño-
[VOL.12
Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events than the eastern
part of the island, especially Sabah (Ashton, 1989;
Goldammer et al. 1996; Walsh; 1996,) and East
Kalimantan (Guhardja et al. 2000; Leighton &
Wirawan 1986; ). However, Sist & Saridan (1999)
recently reported that the species richness of the
mixed dipterocarp forest of Berau in East
Kalimantan, in spite of its eastern location and its
proximity to Sabah was much higher than that of
the forest of Sabah and similar to that recorded in
Sarawak. Similarly, the forest at Wanariset Samboja,
was reported to be the richest in Borneo and even
in the world (Kartawinata et al. 1981, Whitmore
1986). These facts clearly show that our knowledge
of the floristic richness and variability of the mixed
dipterocarp forest of Kalimantan is still limited.
During the last two decades, the forest of
Kalimantan has been depleted and is disappearing
at an alarming rate. The main causes are intensive
and uncontrolled logging, and conversion into
industrial plantations. Successive fires following
land clearing affected million of hectares during El
Nino events (Sunderlin and Resosudarmo, 1996;
Dennis, 1999). Regeneration after fires in East
Kalimantan was mainly through seedbank
germination in lowland dipterocarp forest and
through repsrouting in kerangas ( Riswan 1982;
Riswan & Kartawinata 1988a, 1989) and
dipterocarp forests. The regeneration developed
better in the twice-burnt area than that in the area
burnt once and the density of young trees was higher
and even exceeded that of primary forest (Eichhorn
2006). Furthermore, in the burnt forest, the survival
and sprouting capacity of primary forest trees and
seedling establishment of pioneer trees and shrubs
suppressed the establishment of non-forest species
and post fire vegetation was found to be less
resilient than it was presumed (Nieuwstadt 2002;
Nieuwstadts et al. 2001,). Fires resulted in changes
of forest structure and composition, loss of tree
species diversity and invasion of pioneer species.
In sum, forest recovery was not only affected by
burning but also by environmental changes resulting
from fire (Simbolon et al. 2005)
A better knowledge of basic ecological
information, including floristic composition and
structure of the forest, are necessary for development
of a sustainable forest management scheme. To date,
there are still very few detailed descriptions and
quantitative assessments of forest floristics and
structure from a huge area of the Malesian rain
forests (Whitmore & Sidiyasa 1986) and for
Indonesia. Kartawinata (2005) reviewed the state
of quantitative vegetation studies from 1960’s
2008]
KARTAWINATA et al:: Wanariset dipterocarp forest structure
onwards and recommended a list of future actions
on the subject. The Lembaga Biologi Nasional
(National Biological Institute), now known as Pusat
Penelitian Biologi (Research Center for Biology)
noted such needs and in the mid 1970s initiated
and integrated the vegetation analysis project into
its overall biological research program (Kartawinata
2005). The present study was a part of this program
presenting a basic descriptive account of the
structure and floristic composition of a 10.5 ha
permanent plot set up in a lowland mixed
ditperocarp forest in Wanariset Samboja in East
Kalimantan. It was intended for use by various
future studies in order to provide a permanent basis
for long-term study of forest dynamics and floristic
changes. In this paper, analysis of the species
inventory data collected in the plots will be limited
to the description of the forest in terms of the main
structural parameters (basal area and density),
species richness, pattern of relative abundance and
family composition, integrating also data from a
1.6 ha section of this plot reported earlier by
Kartawinata et al. (1981) and on forest gaps by
Partomihardjo et al. (1987).
STUDY SITE AND METHODS
The study area is located within a 500-ha
research forest managed by the Wanariset (Field
Research Station) of the Forest Research and
Development Agency (FORDA) of the Ministry
of Forestry of Indonesia at Samboja, District of
Kutai Kertanegara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia at
0o 59’ Lat. and 116o 57’ Long, about 38 km north
of Balikpapan (Figure 1). The physiography is
undulating to flat. The forest is lowland dipterocarp
forest on dryland with small patches of seasonally
swampy ground. The elevation varies between 3
to about 50 m above sea level. The climate is
everwet and belongs to the rainfall type A with the
ratio between dry and wet months (Q) of 4.4
(Schmidt and Ferguson, 1951). The mean annual
rainfall recorded at the nearest meteorological
station (Balikpapan BP (Woods and Bower, 1982))
was 2425 mm for the period of 1927-1980. The
mean monthly rainfall ranged from126 mm in
October to 236 mm in March (Figure 1) and the
mean annual number of raindays was 145 with the
mean number of monthly raindays ranging from 9
to 14. The forest is situated on the Red Yellow
Podsolic Soil and occurs on an alluvial plain of
upper Miocene sedimentary rocks (Soepraptohardjo, 1972).
303
A block of 150m x 700 m was set up in 1979
in an undisturbed location within a lowland
dipterocarp forest about 50 m to the north of Km
1.6 of the now Semboja-Semoi-Sepaku road. It was
constructed by sequentially placing a series of 10
m x 10 m plots, first along the width of the block,
thus forming a 150 m x 10 m transect consisting
of 15 plots; with the surface of each plot was parallel
to the ground. The second, third ….. and 70 th
transects were laid down adjacent to one another
along the 700-m length of the block Thus 1050
plots were established . The 700-m length of the
plot stretched roughly South to North and the 150m width from East to West. The habitat of each plot
with reference to topography, whether it is located
on a swampy site, a flat dry land, a slope or a ridge
was noted qualitatively. In each plot, all the trees
with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) > 10 cm
were mapped, numbered with aluminum tags,
identified, and measured for DBH. Important
features of the forest were also recorded
qualitatively. The gaps within the plot were mapped
and a profile diagram of a 15 x 60 m2 subplot was
made as reported by Partomihardjo (1987).
Voucher specimens or fallen leaves (if a leafy twig
was not accessible) from each tree was collected
for identification at the Herbarium Bogoriense,
Bogor. The authority of botanical names of plants
in the plot followed Whitmore et al. (1989, 1990),
Keßler & Sidiyasa (1994) and Keßler et al. (2000)
The inventory was carried out between 1979 and
1981.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Floristic characteristics and diversity
The results of the inventory of trees with DBH
> 10 cm showed that 553 species of 192 genera in
62 families, represented by 5847 individuals, with
the total basal area of 350.01 m2 (Table 1) occurred
in the 10.5 hectare plot. Of 550 species recorded,
we were able to name 425 species. Appendix 1
lists all species of trees with DBH > 10 cm by
family and reports absolute densities, relative
densities, frequencies, relative frequencies, basal
areas, relative basal areas and Importance Values
(IV). These parameters were calculated following
the standard procedure as discussed by MuellerDombois & Ellenberg (1974). The Total Species
Importance Values for a Family (TSIVF) indicates
the family importance value based on the sum of
IVs of all species in a family (Kartawinata et al.
304
REINWARDTIA
MM
[VOL.12
BALIKPAPAN (3 M)
2425 MM
STUDY AREA
Figure 1. The location of the study area at Wanariset Samboja, East Kalimantan
2004). It is evident that the forest had a high species
richness compared to other areas within the region.
No single species was dominant, instead dominance
was shared by several common species. The forest
was characterized by uneven species composition,
certain species were represented by large number
of individuals, while the majority of species were
represented by only a few individuals and often only
by one specimen. (Appendix 1).
The ten richest families in terms of number of
species are shown in Table 3. Ranked by number
of species present, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae,
Euphorbiaceae and Myristicaceae were the top four
families and Dipterocarpaceae occupied the 5th
ranking. In small plots in Borneo and Sumatra,
Lauraceae constitutes one of the top three most
common families (Whitmore & Sidiyasa 1986). In
the lowland forests of West Malesia, Euphorbiaceae
is by far the richest family (cf Abdulhadi 1991,
Davies & Becker 1996, Poore 1968, Riswan 1982,
Sist & Saridan1999, Suselo & Riswan 1987,
Whitmore 1986, Whitmore & Sidiyasa 1986). As
in the present study, Annonaceae, Burseraceae,
Dipterocarpaceae, Moraceae, Myristicaceae and
Rubiaceae are also in the top ten families ranked
by species richness in Borneo and Sumatra
(Kartawinata et al. 1981, Table 1). In terms of the
Total Sum of Important Values for Families
(TSIVF), the ten most important amilies show
different order. Dipterocarpaceae and Euphor-
2008]
KARTAWINATA et al: Wanariset dipterocarp forest structure
biaceae had the first and second highest values
(Table 3). The high value for Dipterocarpaceae
was attributed to the presence of large trees in the
plots (Annex 1). It is interesting to note that although
it contains only three species, Arecaceae had a
high TSIVF value, resulting from the high number
of individuals of Pholidocarpus majadum and
Borassodendron borneensis. In order to determine
whether the 550 species recorded in the 10.5-ha
plot represent the total number of species in the
area studied, a species-area curve was constructed
(Figure 2). The 1050 subplots of 10x10 m each
were examined to determine the number of
additional species recorded each time a subplot was
305
added. A considerable number of additional and it
continued to rise steeply even up to 10.5 hectare.
There was a very slight indication of leveling off at
about five hectares. This implies that a minimum
area can not be determined for this forest. This is
similar to lowland tropical rain forests elsewhere in
Borneo and the Malay Peninsula as reported by
various authors (Kartawinata 2006, Kartawinata et
al. 1981; Sist & Saridan 1999, Riswan 1982;
Whitmore 1986; Wyatt-Smith 1966, etc.), but it is
less dramatic compared to lowland forests of
Sulawesi (Kartawinata 2005; Whitmore & Sidiyasa
1986).
Table 1. Floristic and structural characteristics
Stand Characteristics
Dipterocarps
Number of Species
Number of trees
Mean Density (Trees/Ha)
Basal area (M2)
Mean Basal Area/Ha (M2)
25 (4.53 %)
575 (9.83)
54.76
85.53 (24.44 %)
8.48
Non- Dipterocarps
527 (95.47 %)
5272 (90.17 %)
502.10
264.48 (75.56 %)
25.19
Total
552
5847
556.86
350.01
33.33
Table 2. Density and number of species of trees with DBH > 10 cm in selected plots of different forest types in
Kalimantan, Sumatra and Sulawesi (Extracted from Kartawinata 2006)
Locality
EAST KALIMANTAN
Wanariset Samboja
Malinau 1
Malinau 2
Malinau 3
Berau
Lempake
Bukit Bangkirai
NORTH SUMATRA
Leuser National Park
Ketambe 1
Ketambe 2
Ketambe 3
Batang Gadis National Park
Aek Nauli
RIAU
Bukit Tigapuluh National Park
Bukit Lawang
Reference
Alt. (m)
Plot size
(ha)
Mean
Density
(Trees/ha)
Number
of
Species
< 100
100
100
<100
<100
<100
110
10.5
2 x1.0
4 x 1.0
1,0
3 x 4.0
1.6
1.0
557
413
759
567
521
445
445
552
240
404
225
538
209
141
Present Study
Yusuf (2003)
Samsoedin (2005)
Kartawinata (unpublished)
Sist & Saridan (1999)
Riswan, (1987a
Simbolon et al. (2005)
450-670
350-450
350-450
1.6
1.6
1.6
538
420
475
116
94
127
Abdulhadi et al. (1989)
Abdulhadi (1991)
Abdulhadi et al. (1991)
660
1.0
583
182
Kartawinata et al. (2004)
297
1.0
453
216
Polosakan (2001)
306
[VOL.12
REINWARDTIA
Table 3. Ten important families in terms of the Total Sum of Importance Values (TSIVF) and number of species
arranged in descending order indicating the rank
Family
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Myrtaceae
Lauraceae
Euphorbiaceae
Myristicaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Annonaceae
Rubiaceae
Burseraceae
Moraceae
Fabaceae
No of species
59
51
45
33
25
24
22
21
21
19
The forest of the present study is the second
most species rich in East Kalimantan after that in
Malinau, which constitutes the richest forest in
Indonesia (Kartawinata 2005). It can be seen from
Table 2 that if the number of species in one hectare
is extrapolated from the number in 10.5 ha plot, as
is shown also in the species-area curve (Figure 2,
and see also data of Abdulhadi et al. 1981), the
total species richness may be comparable to that of
Lempake (E. Kalimantan), Gunung Mulu (Sarawak)
Belalong and Andulau (Brunei), Bukit Lawang
(Riau), Bukit Lagong (Penisular Malaysia), and
higher than that of Aek Nauli and Ketambe
(Sumatra) and Toraut (Sulawesi). The species
richness was however lower than at Malinau 3 (East
Kalimantan), at least partly due to different plot
design.
The calculation of species frequencies was
based on the species data from the 70 transects, each
consisting of 15 subplots with the total area of 1500
m2. The majority of species had frequencies of less
than 50 % and species with frequencies greater
than 50 % are shown in Table 5. Interestingly,
among dipterocarps only Shorea ovalis and S.
laevis howed relatively high frequency, suggesting
that most dipterocarps species apparently grow in
clumps in this forest.
Simple ordination of the plots did not produce a
recognizable pattern of grouping the plots that
warrants the separation of swampy habitat on flat
lands from dry habitat on slopes and ridges. Field
observations concurred that the composition of the
forest on swampy sites was not much different from
that on dryland, although the following species were
Order
Family
TS IV F
(%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Dipterocarpaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Myrtaceae
Lauraceae
Myristicaceae
Arecaceae
Sapotaceae
Annonaceae
Ebenaceae
Burseraceae
44.272
29.277
18.592
17.999
17.982
16.608
15.336
13.061
12.164
9.316
600
Number of species
Order
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
5
10
15
A rea (HA )
Figure 2. Species-area curve in a lowland dipterocarp
forest at Wanariset Samboja, East
Kalimantan
Table 4. Ten most important species in decending order
of Importance Value (IV)
N o.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
S p e cies
F a m ily
S h o re a la e v is
P h o lid o c a r p u s m a ja d u m
D io sp y ro s b o r n e e n sis
E u s id e r o x y lo n zw a g e r i
S c a p h iu m m a c r o p o d u m
P o ly a lth ia s u m a tr a n a
G a n u a m o tle y a n a
B o r a ss o d e n d ro n b o rn e e n s is
D ip te ro c a rp u s c o r n u tu s
S h o re a o v a lis
D ip te ro c a rp a c e a e
A recaceae
E benaceae
L a u ra ce a e
S te rc u lia c e a e
A nnonaceae
S a p o ta c e a e
A recaceae
D ip te ro c a rp a c e a e
D ip te ro c a rp a c e a e
IV
1 1 .9
1 0 .6
6 .5
6 .1
5 .8
5 .1
5 .0
4 .9
4 .5
4 .1
4
5
1
3
0
9
7
1
6
5
1
6
2
9
0
0
1
8
8
5
mostly found in or were restricted to the swampy
sites:Actynodaphne procera, Cratoxylum
laevifolius, Dialium hydnocarpoides, Diospyros
elliptica, D. laevifolia, D. maingayi, D.
pentaphylla, D. sumatrana, Elipanthus beccarii,
Elmerillia tsiampacca, Eugenia accuminatissima,
E. beccarii, E. densiflora, E. densinervia, E.
lineata, E. oleosa, Ganua motleyana, Horsfieldia
crassifolia, Litsea noronhae, Mammea
2008]
KARTAWINATA et al:: Wanariset dipterocarp forest structure
obovata , Urophyllum corymbosum and
Xanthophyllum adenotum. Three species of tree
palms were prominent in the forest and two of them,
Oncosperma horridum and Pholydocarpus
majadum, mainly occurred on swampy habitats,
while the other, Borassodendron borneensis, was
present mainly on dryland. Certain other species
which occurred at lower densities were also
characteristic of swampy habitats: Anthocephalus
cadamba, Knema laurina, Neesia altissima and
Pometia pinnata.. The total number of individuals
recorded is indicated in Appendix. 1. The area of
the swampy sites was difficult to quantify precisely
because they were patchy, but they occurred mainly
on the northern part of the plot and there was no
ambiguity in assigning trees to this habitat type.
Table 5. Ten species with highest frequency
No. Species
Family Frequency
(%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Eben
Anno
Laur
Arec
Arec
Sapo
Euph
Dipt
Burs
Dipt
Diospyros borneensis
Polyalthia sumatrana
Eusideroxylon zwageri
Borassodendron borneensis
Pholidocarpus majadum
Madhuca sericea
Mallotus leptophyllus
Shorea laevis
Dacryodes rugosa
Shorea ovalis
87.14
87.14
78.57
74.29
67.14
62.86
61.43
60.00
60.00
57.14
Some species could be identified as (potential)
fruit trees and medicinal plants, including the
followings:
(1) Fruit trees:
Anacardiaceae (Bouea
macrophylla, Mangifera caesia, M. foetida, M.
pajang). Bombacaceae ( Durio acutifolius, D.
dulcis, D. graveolens, D. kutejensis, D.
lanceolatus, D. oxleyanus), Burseraaceae (
Canarium dichotomum, C. denticulatum, D.
littorale, D. patentinervium, D. pilosum, D.
rugosum), Clusiaceae ( Garcinia celebica, G.
littorale, G. nervosa), Euphorbiaceae (Baccaurea
deflexa, B. kunstleri, B. racemosa, B. rumphii,
B. sumatrana), Fabaceae (Parkia roxburghii, P.
speciosa), Meliaceae (Sandoricum borneensis)
and Sapindaceae (Nephelium lappaceum, Pometia
pinnata) , and (2) Medicinal plants: Apocynaceae
(Alstonia angustifolia, A. scholaris, Dyera
costulata), Thymelaeaceae (Aquilaria malacensis)
and Annonaceae ( Cananga odorata).
307
Structure
The basal area of each tree recorded in the
plot was calculated. Appendix 1 shows these data
grouped by family, as well as for individual species,
along with other measures. The total basal area of
trees recorded in the plot was 350.01 m2, resulting
in a mean basal area of 33.33 m2/ha (Table 1). Ten
species with the highest basal areas are presented
in Table 4, in which Shorea laevis, Pholidocarpus
adum and Scaphium macropodum were the most
prominent. It was also evident that ten dipterocarp
species were prevalent, with a total basal area of
53.86 m2 (46.74%) As a whole, the dipterocarps
were the largest trees and dominated the forest with
25 species (representing 4.47% of the total species
richness) occupying a total basal area of 85.53 m2
(24.96 %). Most species had basal areas of less
than 1.0 m2 and only 71 species (12.90 %) had basal
areas greater than 1.0 m2, of which the highest basal
areas of 10-31 m2 were shared by three species
(Figure 3), i.,e. Shorea laevis, Pholidocarpus
majadum and Scaphium macropodum (Table 6).
Table 6. Ten species with highest BA in a 10.5-ha plot
No.
Species
Family BA (M2)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Shorea laevis
Pholidocarpus majadum
Scaphium macropodum
Anthocephalus cadamba
Eusideroxylon zwageri
Dipterocarpus cornutus
Ganua motleyana
Shorea parvifolia
Shorea ovalis
Shorea pauciflora
Dipt
Arec
Ster
Rubi
Laur
Dipt
Sapo
Dipt
Dipt
Dipt
30.455
16.534
16.500
9.734
9.379
9.315
9.223
7.242
6.844
6.499
121.725
Figure 4 shows the diameter class distribution
of trees with DBH > 10 cm in the 10.5-ha plot. The
data show more or less a typical size class
distribution of tropical undisturbed primary forest.
This reveals that 79.13% of the total trees had DBH
of less than 30 cm and only 20.87 % occurred in the
diameter class greater than 30 cm. The trees with
large DBH were mainly dipterocarps. Three largest
tree species were Shorea pauciflora ( DBH
=196.50 cm), Dipterocarpus cornutus (170.90 cm
) and Alstonia scholaris (170.0 cm). It is interesting
to note that a pioneer species, Anthocephalus
cadamba, developed well in this forest, where trees
were distributed in all diameter classes and reached
a maximum DBH of 128 cm. In contrast, Alstonia
scholaris, another pioneer species, demonstrated a
disjunct size distribution (Table 7)
308
[VOL.12
REINWARDTIA
160
NUMBER OF SPECIES
140
138
128
120
100
84
80
61
60
36
40
22
20
10
3
0
0 .0 0 1 0 .0 3 0
0 .0 3 0 0 .0 9 9
0 .1 -0 .4 9
0 .5 -0 .9 9
1 . 0 - 2 .9 9
2 . 0 - 4 .9 9
5 . 0 - 9 .9 0
1 0 .0 -3 1 .0
B A S A L A R E A (S Q . M . )
Figure 3. Basal area class distribution and number of tree species with DBH > 10 cm in a 10.5-ha plot in a lowland
dipterocarp forest at Wanariset Samboja, E. Kalimantan
10-14.90
DIAMETER CLASS (CM)
15-19.90
2367
1202
20-29.9
1260
30-39.90
533
40-49.90
207
50-59.9
101
60-79.9
99
80-99.9
45
100-200
33
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
NUMBER OF TREES
Figure 4. Diameter class distribution and number of tree
species with DBH > 10 cm in a 10.5-ha plot in a
lowland dipterocarp forest at Wanariset
Samboja, E. Kalimantan.
NUMBER OF TREES/10.5 HA
disjunct size distribution (Table 7) with only two
large individuals of DBH 140 cm and 170 cm
(Appendix 1). A. cadamba is a light-demanding
species (Whitmore 1986) and, in this study, had a
large number of individuals with big diameters and
a low number of small individuals. This pattern
contrasts that of shade-demanding species, such as
Dipterocarpus cornutus, which had a higher
number of individuals of small sizes (Figure 5). Other
secondary forest species present in a relatively high
number of individuals in the plot are shown in Table
7, but none were as large as A. cadamba and
Alstonia scholaris. These species appeared to
occur on sites previously occupied by gaps. An
earlier study on this plot (Partomihardjo et al. 1987)
(Figure 6) reported that gaps covered a total area
of 17, 399 m2 (16.6 % of the canopy) and gap
formation was estimated to be 1,187 m2 (1.05 % of
the canopy opening annually) and the recovery rate
was about 16 years. Meanwhile, a man-made gap
of 0.5 ha in a lowland dipterocarp forest at Lempake,
about 100 km north east of Wanariset Samboja
(Riswan 1982; Riswan & Kartawinata 1989) was
immediately occupied by secondary forest species
after clearing. The primary forest species arrived
later and achieved a 50% proportion of all species
after 18 months. The primary forest arrivals included
dipterocarps, Hopea rudiformis, Shorea parvifolia
and Shorea leprosula, which were present also in
the present study (Appendix 1) and have been
reported to behave like pioneer species (Riswan
1982; Riswan & Kartawinata 1989, 1991).
Furthermore, in a 35 year old 0.8-ha gap at Lempake
the large trees were dominated by secondary forest
species, primarily Macaranga spp. (Riswan 1982;
Riswan &Kartawinata 1988a).
30
25
Dipterocarpus cornutus
Athocephalus cadamba
20
15
10
5
0
10-19.9
20-29.9
30-39.9
40-49.9
50-59.9
>60
DIAMETERCLASS(CM)
Figure 5. Number of individuals of a light-demander
(Anthocephalus cadamba) and shade-demander (Dipterocarpus cornutus) according
to diameter-class in a 10.5-ha plot of a lowland dipterocarp forest at Wanariset Samboja,
Kalimantan Timur
2008]
KARTAWINATA et al:: Wanariset dipterocarp forest structure
Table 7.
309
Number of trees of major secondary forest species according to diameter class in the 10.5-ha plot of
lowland dipterocarp forest at Wanariset Samboja, East Kalimantan.
10
15
70-79.9
80-89.9
3
2
3
3
2
1
20
3
2
130-170
60-69.9
1
1
1
2
1
7
3
1
110-129.9
50-59.9
1
3
2
2
2
12
2
1
1
3
1
100-109.9
40-49.9
8
5
4
12
13
3
15
2
8
2
4
14
7
2
90.99.9
30-39.9
Anthocephalus cadamba
Alstonia scholaris
Alstonia angustifolia
Artocarpus anisophyllus
Artocarpus rigidus
Buchanania sessifolia
Dillenia excelsa
Endospermum diadenum
Porterandia anisophylla
Macaranga gigantea
Macaranga hypoleuca
Macaranga tanarius
Parinari oblongifolia
Schima wallichii
20-29.9
SPECIES
10-19.9
DIAMETER CLASS
2
1
1
2
2
1
3
2
1
30
1
1
2
40
50
60 M
10
5
0
GAP
MATURE
BUILDING MATURE
BUILDING
MATURE
GAP
30M
0
12 M
Figure 6. Canopy phases and a profile diagram of a portion of the 10.5-ha plot within a lowland dipterocarp forest at
Wanariset Samboja, East Kalimantan. D – Dysoxylum sp., Dl – Drypetes laevis, Dr – Dacryodes rostrata,
Gb – Gonystylus bancanus, H – Horsfieldia sp., Kc – Knema cinerea, Km – Koompasia malaccensis,
Madhuca sp., Mc – Microcos crassifolia, Ml – Mallotus leptophyllus, Ms – Madhuca sericea, Nk –
Neoscortechinia kingii, P – Polyalthia sp., Pl – Polyalthia rumphii, Sl – Shorea laevis, So – Shorea ovalis,
Sp – Shorea parvifolia, Vu – Vatica umbonata. (After Partomihardjo et al. 1987)
310
REINWARDTIA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank the Forest Research and Development
Agency for allowing us to undertake the study at the forest
at the Wanariset Samboja. We are also grateful to Mrs.
J.J. Affriastini and Mr. Ismail Rahman of the Herbarium
Bogoriense for assisting us in field identification and
identifying voucher specimens, as well as to others who
have in many ways helped us in the field.
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KARTAWINATA et al:: Wanariset dipterocarp forest structure
313
Appendix 1. Number of Species in a Family (in parenthesis), Number of occurrence, Frequency (%), Number of trees,
Basal Area ( cm2), Relative Basal Area (%), Relative Frequency (%), Relative Density (%, ) Importance Value in a 10.5
ha plot of lowland dipterocarp forest at Wanariset Semboja, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Family Importance Value
is the Total Spesies Importance Values for a Family (TSIVF).
No. Family and Species
Number of
Occurrence
in plots
Frequency Number of
(%)
Trees
(in 10.5 Ha)
Basal Area
(Cm2)
Relative
Basal Area
(%)
Relative
Frequency
(%)
Relative
Density
(%)
Importance
Value
1
1
2
Actinidiaceae (2 spp.)
Saurauia sp. 1
Saurauia sp. 2
Family Importance Value
1
1
1.43
1.43
1
1
132.73
196.07
0.004
0.006
0.027
0.027
0.017
0.017
0.048
0.050
0.098
2
3
Alangiaceae (1 sp.)
Alangium ebenaceum
Family Importance Value
20
28.57
26
6,899.50
0.201
0.538
0.446
1.186
1.186
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Anacardiaceae ( 15)
Bouea oppositifolia
Buchanania sessifolia
Campnosperma coriaceum
Koordersiodendron pinnatum
Mangifera caesia
Mangifera foetida .
Mangifera indica
Mangifera macrocarpa
Mangifera pajang
Melanochyla bracteata
Melanochyla fulvinervis
Parishia maingayi
Semecarpus bunburyanus
Semecarpus forstenii
Semecarpus glauca
Family Importance Value
7
17
2
1
10
9
1
1
4
4
7
2
1
3
1
10.00
24.29
2.86
1.43
14.29
12.86
1.43
1.43
5.71
5.71
10.00
2.86
1.43
4.29
1.43
8
23
2
1
10
10
1
1
4
4
8
2
1
3
1
2,910.34
6,344.42
1,005.31
426.38
9,984.09
2,646.81
84.95
343.07
4,616.66
716.21
1,873.00
7,853.05
271.72
1,740.21
4,185.39
0.085
0.185
0.029
0.012
0.291
0.077
0.002
0.010
0.135
0.021
0.055
0.229
0.008
0.051
0.122
0.188
0.457
0.054
0.027
0.269
0.242
0.027
0.027
0.108
0.108
0.188
0.054
0.027
0.081
0.027
0.137
0.395
0.034
0.017
0.172
0.172
0.017
0.017
0.069
0.069
0.137
0.034
0.017
0.051
0.017
0.411
1.037
0.117
0.057
0.732
0.491
0.047
0.054
0.311
0.197
0.380
0.317
0.052
0.183
0.166
4.552
4
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Annonaceae (24)
Cananga odorata
Cyathocalyx sumatrana
Goniothalamus macrophylla
Meiogyne virgata
Mitrephora polypyrena
Monocarpia marginalis
Oxymitra sp.
Polyalthia lateritica
Polyalthia glauca
Polyalthia lateriflora
Polyalthia rumphii
Polyalthia sp. 1
Polyalthia sp. 2
Polyalthia sp. 3
Polyalthia sp. 4
Polyalthia sp. 5
Polyalthia sumatrana
Popowia hirta
Popowia sp. 1
Popowia sp. 2
Popowia tomentosa
Xylopia ferruginea
Xylopia malayana
Xylopia sp. 1
Family Importance Value
5
1
4
5
1
9
1
2
1
31
19
1
1
1
1
1
61
6
1
1
2
2
13
1
7.14
1.43
5.71
7.14
1.43
12.86
1.43
2.86
1.43
44.29
27.14
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
87.14
8.57
1.43
1.43
2.86
2.86
18.57
1.43
6
3
4
5
1
13
1
2
1
78
26
1
1
1
1
1
143
6
1
1
2
2
16
1
8,079.85
1,359.32
637.27
1,111.89
132.73
7,056.34
122.72
753.94
109.36
29,839.03
6,745.95
426.38
124.69
116.90
692.79
829.58
37,494.99
1,025.05
162.86
95.03
276.78
979.93
5,242.90
86.59
0.236
0.040
0.019
0.032
0.004
0.206
0.004
0.022
0.003
0.871
0.197
0.012
0.004
0.003
0.020
0.024
1.094
0.030
0.005
0.003
0.008
0.029
0.153
0.003
0.134
0.027
0.108
0.134
0.027
0.242
0.027
0.054
0.027
0.834
0.511
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
1.641
0.161
0.027
0.027
0.054
0.054
0.350
0.027
0.103
0.051
0.069
0.086
0.017
0.223
0.017
0.034
0.017
1.339
0.446
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
2.455
0.103
0.017
0.017
0.034
0.034
0.275
0.017
0.473
0.118
0.195
0.253
0.048
0.671
0.048
0.110
0.047
3.043
1.154
0.057
0.048
0.047
0.064
0.068
5.189
0.294
0.049
0.047
0.096
0.117
0.777
0.047
13.061
5
43
44
45
Apocynaceae (5)
Alstonia angustifolia
Alstonia scholaris
Dyera sp.
6
11
1
8.57
15.71
1.43
7
11
1
2,778.12
41,046.72
1,231.63
0.081
1.198
0.036
0.161
0.296
0.027
0.120
0.189
0.017
0.363
1.683
0.080
314
[VOL.12
REINWARDTIA
No. Family and Species
46 Dyera lowii
47 Willughbeia firma
Family Importance Value
6 Aquifoliaceae (1)
48 Ilex cymosa
Family Importance Value
Number of Frequency Number of
Occurrence
(%)
Trees
in plots
(in 10.5 Ha)
Basal Area
(Cm2)
Relative
Relative
Basal Area Frequency
(%)
(%)
Relative
Density
(%)
Importance
Value
1
3
1.43
4.29
1
4
1,063.62
3,277.67
0.031
0.096
0.027
0.081
0.017
0.069
0.075
0.245
2.445
4
5.71
4
17,262.70
0.504
0.108
0.069
0.680
0.680
7
49
50
51
Arecaceae (3 )
Borassodendron borneensis
Oncosperma horridum
Pholidocarpus majadum
Family Importance Value
52
13
47
74.29
18.57
67.14
120
25
266
49,993.30
8,783.28
165,336.91
1.459
0.256
4.825
1.399
0.350
1.264
2.060
0.429
4.566
4.917
1.035
10.655
16.608
8
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
Bombacaceae (7)
Durio acutifolius
Durio dulcis
Durio graveolens
Durio kutejensis
Durio lanceolatus
Durio oxleyanus
Neesia synandra
Family Importance Value
17
9
16
1
12
17
12
24.29
12.86
22.86
1.43
17.14
24.29
17.14
28
9
17
1
16
22
13
13,674.62
27,197.65
7,520.90
314.16
3,490.79
11,462.90
12,072.47
0.399
0.794
0.220
0.009
0.102
0.335
0.352
0.457
0.242
0.430
0.027
0.323
0.457
0.323
0.481
0.154
0.292
0.017
0.275
0.378
0.223
1.337
1.190
0.942
0.053
0.699
1.169
0.898
6.289
9
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
Burseraceae (21)
Canarium decumanum
Canarium denticulatum
Canarium dichotomum
Canarium hirsutum
Canarium littorale
Canarium patentinervum
Canarium pilosum
Dacryodes laxa
Dacryodes rostrata
Dacryodes rubiginosa
Dacryodes rugosa
Haplolobus moluccanus
Santiria griffithii
Santiria laevigata
Santiria megaphylla
Santiria sp. 1
Santiria sp. 2
Santiria sp. 3
Santiria sp. 4
Santiria tomentosa
Trioma malaccensis
Family IV
1
1
3
6
6
1
3
1
39
1
42
7
14
1
6
1
1
1
1
7
6
1.43
1.43
4.29
8.57
8.57
1.43
4.29
1.43
55.71
1.43
60.00
10.00
20.00
1.43
8.57
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
10.00
8.57
1
1
4
6
6
1
5
1
62
1
66
7
19
1
6
1
1
1
1
7
7
143.14
224.32
765.21
1,248.98
965.46
232.35
1,618.41
193.59
21,663.10
535.02
17,259.69
1,833.09
5,495.28
3,067.96
1,003.10
502.73
730.62
165.13
103.87
2,042.89
1,540.18
0.004
0.007
0.022
0.036
0.028
0.007
0.047
0.006
0.632
0.016
0.504
0.053
0.160
0.090
0.029
0.015
0.021
0.005
0.003
0.060
0.045
0.027
0.027
0.081
0.161
0.161
0.027
0.081
0.027
1.049
0.027
1.130
0.188
0.377
0.027
0.161
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.188
0.161
0.017
0.017
0.069
0.103
0.103
0.017
0.086
0.017
1.064
0.017
1.133
0.120
0.326
0.017
0.103
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.120
0.120
0.048
0.051
0.172
0.301
0.293
0.051
0.214
0.050
2.745
0.060
2.766
0.362
0.863
0.134
0.294
0.059
0.065
0.049
0.047
0.368
0.326
9.316
10
80
81
82
Celastraceae (3 )
Bhesa paniculata
Euonymus javanicus
Lophopetalum javanicum
Family Importance Value
16
2
1
22.86
2.86
1.43
22
2
1
6,563.37
460.45
91.61
0.192
0.013
0.003
0.430
0.054
0.027
0.378
0.034
0.017
1.000
0.102
0.047
1.148
11
83
84
85
86
87
88
Chrysobalanaceae (6 )
Atuna racemosa ssp. excelsa
Licania splendens
Maranthes corymbosa
Parastemon urophyllus
Parinari oblongifolia
Parinari sp.
Family Importance Value
7
19
2
4
13
1
10.00
27.14
2.86
5.71
18.57
1.43
7
27
3
4
15
1
7,044.01
27,448.19
1,596.52
4,844.15
15,568.71
84.95
0.206
0.801
0.047
0.141
0.454
0.002
0.188
0.511
0.054
0.108
0.350
0.027
0.120
0.463
0.051
0.069
0.257
0.017
0.514
1.776
0.152
0.318
1.061
0.047
3.867
12
89
90
91
Clusiaceae (19 )
Calophyllum pulcherrimum
Calophyllum soulattri
Garcinia celebica
3
11
8
4.29
15.71
11.43
3
11
10
1,347.71
42,461.00
6,005.72
0.039
1.239
0.175
0.081
0.296
0.215
0.051
0.189
0.172
0.172
1.724
0.562
2008]
No. Family and Species
KARTAWINATA et al::Wanariset dipterocarp forest structure
Number of Frequency Number of
Occurrence
(%)
Trees
in plots
(in 10.5 Ha)
2
2.86
2
1
1.43
1
4
5.71
4
2
2.86
2
2
2.86
2
3
4.29
3
2
2.86
2
2
2.86
2
1
1.43
1
4
5.71
4
11
15.71
14
1
1.43
1
1
1.43
1
1
1.43
1
1
1.43
1
1
1.43
1
Basal Area
(Cm2)
642.71
114.99
1,002.63
3,808.13
1,093.09
1,589.75
569.29
1,328.64
390.57
538.77
4,794.23
143.14
320.63
298.50
102.07
95.03
Relative
Relative
Basal Area Frequency
(%)
(%)
0.019
0.054
0.003
0.027
0.029
0.108
0.111
0.054
0.032
0.054
0.046
0.081
0.017
0.054
0.039
0.054
0.011
0.027
0.016
0.108
0.140
0.296
0.004
0.027
0.009
0.027
0.009
0.027
0.003
0.027
0.003
0.027
315
Relative
Density
(%)
0.034
0.017
0.069
0.034
0.034
0.051
0.034
0.034
0.017
0.069
0.240
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
Importance
Value
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
Garcinia dioica
Garcinia lateriflora
Garcinia nervosa
Garcinia parvifolia
Garcinia rigida
Garcinia sp. 1
Garcinia sp. 2
Garcinia sp. 3
Garcinia sp. 4
Garcinia tetrandra
Kayea macrantha
Mammea acuminata
Mesua borneensis
Mesua caroidea
Mesua sp. 1
Mesua sp. 2
Family Importance Value
0.107
0.047
0.206
0.199
0.120
0.179
0.105
0.127
0.055
0.192
0.676
0.048
0.053
0.053
0.047
0.047
4.719
13
108
109
110
Combretaceae (3 )
Terminalia foetidissima
Ellipanthus beccarii
Mastixia tricholoma
Family Importance Value
4
1
3
5.71
1.43
4.29
4
1
4
1,342.12
314.16
689.22
0.039
0.009
0.020
0.108
0.027
0.081
0.069
0.017
0.069
0.215
0.053
0.169
0.438
14 Crypteroniaceae (1 )
111 Crypteronia cumingii
Family Importance Value
13
18.57
15
59,833.97
1.746
0.350
0.257
2.353
2.353
15 Ctenolophonaceae (1 )
112 Ctenolophon parviflorus
Family Importance Value
3
4.29
2
495.60
0.014
0.081
0.034
0.129
0.129
16
113
114
115
116
Dilleniaceae (4 )
Dillenia excelsa
Dillenia grandiflora
Dillenia obovata .
Dillenia pentagyna
Family Importance Value
18
12
6
1
25.71
17.14
8.57
1.43
21
13
7
1
7,974.88
5,501.57
8,360.12
116.90
0.233
0.161
0.244
0.003
0.484
0.323
0.161
0.027
0.360
0.223
0.120
0.017
1.077
0.706
0.526
0.047
2.357
17
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
Dipterocarpaceae (25 )
Anisoptera costata
Dipterocarpus cornutus
Dipterocarpus gracilis
Dipterocarpus humeratus
Hopea dryobalanoides
Hopea mengerawan
Hopea rudiformis
Parashorea malaanonan
Shorea acuminatissima
Shorea almon
Shorea gibbosa
Shorea johorensis
Shorea kunstleri
Shorea laevis
Shorea lamellata
Shorea leprosula
Shorea ovalis
Shorea palembanica
Shorea parvifolia
Shorea pauciflora
Shorea smithiana .
Upuna borneensis
Vatica macrantha
Vatica rassak .
Vatica umbonata
Family Importance Value
1
33
15
8
10
9
1
5
2
7
6
1
1
42
20
17
40
8
29
5
17
1
22
12
39
1.43
47.14
21.43
11.43
14.29
12.86
1.43
7.14
2.86
10.00
8.57
1.43
1.43
60.00
28.57
24.29
57.14
11.43
41.43
7.14
24.29
1.43
31.43
17.14
55.71
1
56
18
9
11
24
1
6
2
11
6
1
1
112
26
29
63
8
42
7
18
1
48
18
56
3,903.63
93,147.45
22,960.57
2,949.50
1,602.06
9,409.26
1,320.25
2,822.65
2,255.07
8,868.85
4,801.37
226.98
555.71
304,547.17
64,794.59
27,590.48
68,438.42
5,381.47
72,416.11
64,986.79
38,451.69
615.75
20,564.74
10,256.16
22,428.86
0.114
2.719
0.670
0.086
0.047
0.275
0.039
0.082
0.066
0.259
0.140
0.007
0.016
8.888
1.891
0.805
1.997
0.157
2.114
1.897
1.122
0.018
0.600
0.299
0.655
0.027
0.888
0.403
0.215
0.269
0.242
0.027
0.134
0.054
0.188
0.161
0.027
0.027
1.130
0.538
0.457
1.076
0.215
0.780
0.134
0.457
0.027
0.592
0.323
1.049
0.017
0.961
0.309
0.154
0.189
0.412
0.017
0.103
0.034
0.189
0.103
0.017
0.017
1.922
0.446
0.498
1.081
0.137
0.721
0.120
0.309
0.017
0.824
0.309
0.961
0.158
4.567
1.383
0.456
0.505
0.929
0.083
0.320
0.154
0.636
0.404
0.051
0.060
11.940
2.875
1.760
4.155
0.510
3.614
2.151
1.888
0.062
2.016
0.931
2.665
44.272
316
[VOL.12
REINWARDTIA
Number of Frequency Number of
Occurrence
(%)
Trees
in plots
(in 10.5 Ha)
Basal Area
(Cm2)
Relative
Relative
Basal Area Frequency
(%)
(%)
Relative
Density
(%)
Importance
Value
1.641
0.054
0.134
0.323
0.511
0.027
0.403
0.027
0.027
0.054
0.134
0.215
3.347
0.034
0.137
0.309
0.824
0.017
0.446
0.017
0.017
0.051
0.103
0.206
6.512
0.139
0.619
0.845
1.946
0.059
1.015
0.047
0.050
0.114
0.257
0.561
12.164
0.182
0.020
0.016
0.187
0.010
0.323
0.054
0.027
0.242
0.027
0.206
0.034
0.034
0.189
0.017
0.710
0.109
0.077
0.618
0.054
1.568
0.021
0.146
0.166
0.072
0.014
0.066
0.005
0.040
0.040
0.173
0.014
0.394
0.016
0.003
0.376
0.018
0.004
0.006
0.012
0.013
0.053
0.014
0.035
0.432
0.003
0.123
0.026
1.638
0.003
0.110
0.523
0.006
0.050
0.038
0.044
0.038
0.177
0.034
0.020
0.083
0.007
0.360
0.465
0.307
0.030
0.726
0.430
0.134
0.054
0.108
0.027
0.215
0.215
0.484
0.081
0.753
0.108
0.027
0.188
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.242
0.081
0.081
0.565
0.027
0.430
0.081
0.888
0.027
0.215
0.592
0.027
0.081
0.161
0.188
0.108
0.215
0.134
0.081
0.323
0.054
1.022
1.157
0.807
0.017
0.498
0.412
0.103
0.034
0.086
0.034
0.137
0.137
0.395
0.051
0.721
0.069
0.017
0.120
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.051
0.154
0.051
0.051
0.429
0.017
0.412
0.017
1.339
0.017
0.189
0.652
0.017
0.069
0.103
0.120
0.086
0.154
0.086
0.086
0.257
0.034
1.184
1.785
0.669
0.068
1.370
1.008
0.309
0.102
0.260
0.067
0.392
0.392
1.052
0.147
1.868
0.192
0.047
0.684
0.062
0.048
0.050
0.056
0.091
0.450
0.146
0.167
1.426
0.047
0.966
0.124
3.864
0.047
0.514
1.767
0.050
0.199
0.303
0.353
0.231
0.547
0.255
0.186
0.663
0.095
2.566
3.407
1.783
No.
Family and Species
18
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
Ebenaceae (12)
Diospyros borneensis
Diospyros buxifolia
Diospyros elliptica
Diospyros macrocarpa
Diospyros maingayi
Diospyros malayana
Diospyros oblonga
Diospyros sp 1
Diospyros sp. 2
Diospyros sp. 3
Diospyros sumatrana
Diospyros wallichii
Family Importance Value
61
2
5
12
19
1
15
1
1
2
5
8
87.14
2.86
7.14
17.14
27.14
1.43
21.43
1.43
1.43
2.86
7.14
11.43
195
2
8
18
48
1
26
1
1
3
6
12
52,219.17
1,755.56
11,884.09
7,307.95
20,940.24
510.71
5,646.10
111.22
191.18
287.15
677.98
4,804.86
1.524
0.051
0.347
0.213
0.611
0.015
0.165
0.003
0.006
0.008
0.020
0.140
19
154
155
156
157
158
Elaeocarpaceae (5)
Elaeocarpus glaber
Elaeocarpus obtusus
Elaeocarpus oxypyrens
Elaeocarpus polystachyus
Sloanea javanica
Family Importance Value
12
2
1
9
1
17.14
2.86
1.43
12.86
1.43
12
2
2
11
1
6,224.44
701.87
545.17
6,417.47
346.36
20
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
Euphorbiaceae (45)
Antidesma neurocarpum
Aporusa elmeri
Aporusa falcifera
Aporusa lucida
Aporusa lunata
Aporusa maingayi
Aporusa nitida
Aporusa sp.
Aporusa sphaeridophora
Baccaurea costulata
Baccaurea kunstleri
Baccaurea macrocarpa
Baccaurea minor
Baccaurea parviflora
Baccaurea racemosa
Baccaurea sp. 1
Baccaurea sp. 2
Baccaurea sp. 3
Baccaurea sp. 4
Baccaurea sp. 5
Baccaurea sumatrana
Blumeodendron elatriospermum
Blumeodendron tokbrai
Chaetocarpus castanocarpus
Cleistanthus maingayi
Croton oblongus
Drypetes crassipes
Drypetes laevis
Drypetes littoralis
Drypetes longifolia
Drypetes minahasae
Drypetes sp.
Endospermum diadenum
Fahrenheitia pendula
Glochidion philippicum
Glochidion rubrum
Macaranga gigantea
Macaranga hypoleuca
Macaranga lowii
Macaranga tanarius
Macaranga winkleri
Mallotus penangensis
Mallotus leptophyllus
Neoscortechinia kingii
1
27
16
5
2
4
1
8
8
18
3
28
4
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
9
3
3
21
1
16
3
33
1
8
22
1
3
6
7
4
8
5
3
12
2
38
43
30
1.43
38.57
22.86
7.14
2.86
5.71
1.43
11.43
11.43
25.71
4.29
40.00
5.71
1.43
10.00
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
12.86
4.29
4.29
30.00
1.43
22.86
4.29
47.14
1.43
11.43
31.43
1.43
4.29
8.57
10.00
5.71
11.43
7.14
4.29
17.14
2.86
54.29
61.43
42.86
1
29
24
6
2
5
2
8
8
23
3
42
4
1
7
1
1
1
1
3
9
3
3
25
1
24
1
78
1
11
38
1
4
6
7
5
9
5
5
15
2
69
104
39
706.86
5,017.06
5,683.79
2,450.46
478.95
2,271.45
184.92
1,368.64
1,368.64
5,928.13
493.87
13,486.93
553.61
113.10
12,883.86
615.75
136.85
188.69
408.28
436.76
1,814.82
488.67
1,188.70
14,811.69
95.03
4,227.28
900.26
56,120.60
95.03
3,770.41
17,926.66
201.06
1,701.44
1,317.20
1,510.91
1,294.68
6,069.00
1,181.77
669.15
2,836.33
250.65
12,328.46
15,928.22
10,504.88
2008]
KARTAWINATA et al::Wanariset dipterocarp forest structure
Number of
Occurrence
in plots
203 Pimeleodendron griffithianum
23
1
204 Ptychopyxis bacciformis
Family Importance Value
No.
Family and Species
Frequency Number of
(%)
Trees
(in 10.5 Ha)
32.86
28
1.43
1
Basal Area
(Cm2)
Relative
Basal Area
(%)
8,699.46
0.254
201.06
0.006
Relative
Frequency
(%)
0.619
0.027
317
Relative
Density
(%)
0.481
0.017
Importance
Value
1.353
0.050
29.824
21
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
Fabaceae (19)
Archidendron clypearia
Archidendron microcarpum
Crudia reticulata
Crudia ripicola
Dialium hydnocarpoides
Dialium indum
Dialium platysepalum
Dialium sp.
Koompassia excelsa
Koompassia malaccensis
Milletia sericea
Parkia speciosa
Parkia timoriana .
Phitecelobium sp.
Pithecellobium microcarpum
Saraca declinata
Sindora leiocarpa
Sindora velutina
Uittienia modesta
Family Importance Value
5
5
2
1
1
7
5
1
13
32
2
1
5
1
3
3
2
12
2
7.14
7.14
2.86
1.43
1.43
10.00
7.14
1.43
18.57
45.71
2.86
1.43
7.14
1.43
4.29
4.29
2.86
17.14
2.86
5
5
2
1
1
9
5
1
15
76
2
2
5
1
3
3
2
17
2
1,420.93
6,417.90
168.27
962.11
547.39
2,909.06
3,675.24
2,436.69
14,019.13
42,828.62
193.22
4,964.70
29,722.22
141.03
988.22
431.36
254.63
8,645.59
228.97
0.041
0.187
0.005
0.028
0.016
0.085
0.107
0.071
0.409
1.250
0.006
0.145
0.867
0.004
0.029
0.013
0.007
0.252
0.007
0.134
0.134
0.054
0.027
0.027
0.188
0.134
0.027
0.350
0.861
0.054
0.027
0.134
0.027
0.081
0.081
0.054
0.323
0.054
0.086
0.086
0.034
0.017
0.017
0.154
0.086
0.017
0.257
1.304
0.034
0.034
0.086
0.017
0.051
0.051
0.034
0.292
0.034
0.262
0.408
0.093
0.072
0.060
0.428
0.328
0.115
1.016
3.415
0.094
0.206
1.088
0.048
0.161
0.145
0.096
0.867
0.095
8.995
22
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
Fagaceae 12)
Castanopsis costata
Castanopsis javanica
Castanopsis lucida
Castanopsis sp.
Lithocarpus blumeanus
Lithocarpus conocarpus
Lithocarpus hystrix
Lithocarpus sp. 1
Lithocarpus sp. 2
Lithocarpus sundaicus
Quercus argentata
Quercus gemelliflora
Family Importance Value
2
1
1
1
18
5
2
1
1
4
8
2
2.86
1.43
1.43
1.43
25.71
7.14
2.86
1.43
1.43
5.71
11.43
2.86
2
1
2
1
29
5
2
1
1
4
10
2
995.29
1,116.28
732.57
452.39
15,863.89
1,545.08
2,133.34
186.27
769.45
3,680.77
7,462.50
475.36
0.029
0.033
0.021
0.013
0.463
0.045
0.062
0.005
0.022
0.107
0.218
0.014
0.054
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.484
0.134
0.054
0.027
0.027
0.108
0.215
0.054
0.034
0.017
0.034
0.017
0.498
0.086
0.034
0.017
0.017
0.069
0.172
0.034
0.117
0.077
0.083
0.057
1.445
0.265
0.150
0.049
0.067
0.284
0.605
0.102
3.301
23 Flacourtiaceae (1)
236 Hydnocarpus polypetala
Family Importance Value
23
32.86
32
5,820.27
0.170
0.619
0.549
1.338
1.338
24 Hypericaceae (2)
237 Cratoxylon cochinchinense
238 Cratoxylon hypericinum
Family Importance Value
1
5
1.43
7.14
1
5
1,075.21
4,156.45
0.031
0.121
0.027
0.134
0.017
0.086
0.075
0.342
0.417
26 Icacinaceae (1)
239 Stemonurus sp.
Family Importance Value
1
1.43
1
229.66
0.007
0.027
0.017
0.051
0.051
1
4
1
8
9
9
7
20
1
1
1
3
1
1
1.43
5.71
1.43
11.43
12.86
12.86
10.00
28.57
1.43
1.43
1.43
4.29
1.43
1.43
1
6
1
9
11
9
7
24
1
1
1
3
1
1
283.53
1,347.67
138.93
4,093.17
4,027.09
8,616.86
1,734.66
5,837.79
349.67
206.12
314.16
892.88
193.59
219.04
0.008
0.039
0.004
0.119
0.118
0.251
0.051
0.170
0.010
0.006
0.009
0.026
0.006
0.006
0.027
0.108
0.027
0.215
0.242
0.242
0.188
0.538
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.081
0.027
0.027
0.017
0.103
0.017
0.154
0.189
0.154
0.120
0.412
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.051
0.017
0.017
0.052
0.250
0.048
0.489
0.548
0.648
0.359
1.120
0.054
0.050
0.053
0.158
0.050
0.050
27
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
Lauraceae (51)
Actinodaphne glomerata
Actinodaphne procera
Alseodaphne sp. 1
Alseodaphne sp. 2
Alseodaphne oblanceolata
Alseodaphne umbelliflora
Beilschmiedia glabra
Beilschmiedia maingayi
Beilschmiedia sp. 1
Beilschmiedia sp. 2
Cryptocarya crassifolia
Cryptocarya crassinervia
Cryptocarya cumingii
Cryptocarya ferrea
318
[VOL.12
REINWARDTIA
No.
Family and Species
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
Dehaasia borneensis
Dehaasia caesia
Dehaasia firma
Dehaasia incrassata
Dehaasia sp.
Endiandra beccariana
Endiandra rubescens
Eusideroxylon zwageri
Litsea accendens
Litsea angulata
Litsea crassifolia
Litsea elliptica
Litsea ferruginea
Litsea firma
Litsea grandis
Litsea lancifolia
Litsea mappacea
Litsea noronhae
Litsea resinosa
Litsea robusta
Litsea sp. 1
Litsea sp. 2
Litsea sp. 3
Litsea sp. 4
Litsea sp. 5
Litsea sp. 6
Litsea sp. 7
Litsea sp. 8
Litsea sp. 9
Litsea sp. 10
Litsea sp. 11
Litsea tomentosa
Litsea wallichii
Neolitsea cesiaefolia
Notaphoebe sp.
Notaphoebe umbelliflora
Phoebe laevis
Family Importance Value
28
291
292
293
294
295
Lecythidaceae (5)
Barringtonia acutangula
Barringtonia lanceolata
Barringtonia macrostachya
Barringtonia sp.
Planchonia valida
Family Importance Value
Number of
Occurrence
in plots
1
5
1
2
1
5
18
55
2
1
1
11
10
2
9
2
1
4
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
8
4
Frequency Number of
(%)
Trees
(in 10.5 Ha)
1.43
1
7.14
5
1.43
1
2.86
2
1.43
1
7.14
6
25.71
19
78.57
112
2.86
2
1.43
1
1.43
1
15.71
13
14.29
12
2.86
2
12.86
10
2.86
2
1.43
1
5.71
4
15.71
16
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
5.71
4
1.43
1
11.43
10
5.71
4
Basal Area
(Cm2)
444.88
3,377.01
136.85
255.64
404.71
1,140.00
7,708.87
93,791.11
487.39
397.61
459.96
6,147.83
8,534.30
712.37
3,329.13
308.14
390.57
1,672.54
10,845.73
314.16
346.36
637.94
89.92
102.07
118.82
183.85
452.39
471.44
539.13
725.83
1,152.09
98.52
84.95
505.50
237.79
10,307.36
1,922.09
Relative
Basal Area
(%)
0.013
0.099
0.004
0.007
0.012
0.033
0.225
2.737
0.014
0.012
0.013
0.179
0.249
0.021
0.097
0.009
0.011
0.049
0.317
0.009
0.010
0.019
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.013
0.014
0.016
0.021
0.034
0.003
0.002
0.015
0.007
0.301
0.056
Relative
Frequency
(%)
0.027
0.134
0.027
0.054
0.027
0.134
0.484
1.479
0.054
0.027
0.027
0.296
0.269
0.054
0.242
0.054
0.027
0.108
0.296
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.108
0.027
0.215
0.108
Relative
Density
(%)
0.017
0.086
0.017
0.034
0.017
0.103
0.326
1.922
0.034
0.017
0.017
0.223
0.206
0.034
0.172
0.034
0.017
0.069
0.275
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.069
0.017
0.172
0.069
Importance
Value
0.057
0.319
0.048
0.096
0.056
0.271
1.035
6.139
0.102
0.056
0.057
0.698
0.724
0.109
0.511
0.097
0.055
0.225
0.887
0.053
0.054
0.063
0.047
0.047
0.048
0.049
0.057
0.058
0.060
0.065
0.078
0.047
0.047
0.191
0.051
0.688
0.232
17.408
1
7
15
1
3
1.43
10.00
21.43
1.43
4.29
1
9
19
1
3
286.52
4,867.72
5,246.79
95.03
1,047.29
0.008
0.142
0.153
0.003
0.031
0.027
0.188
0.403
0.027
0.081
0.017
0.154
0.326
0.017
0.051
0.052
0.485
0.883
0.047
0.163
1.630
29 Loganiaceae (1)
296 Strychnos lucida
Family Importance Value
1
1.43
1
188.69
0.006
0.027
0.017
0.050
0.050
30 Lythraceae (1)
297 Lagerstroemia floribunda
Family Importance Value
6
8.57
9
6,505.05
0.190
0.161
0.154
0.506
0.506
2
1
2
4
2.86
1.43
2.86
5.71
3
1
2
4
430.96
122.72
367.57
663.21
0.013
0.004
0.011
0.019
0.054
0.027
0.054
0.108
0.051
0.017
0.034
0.069
0.118
0.048
0.099
0.196
0.460
6
2
7
6
3
32
8.57
2.86
10.00
8.57
4.29
45.71
6
2
8
8
3
60
2,593.09
320.27
2,081.88
1,263.34
357.79
11,172.08
0.076
0.009
0.061
0.037
0.010
0.326
0.161
0.054
0.188
0.161
0.081
0.861
0.103
0.034
0.137
0.137
0.051
1.030
0.340
0.097
0.386
0.336
0.143
2.217
31
298
299
300
301
Magnoliaceae (4)
Elmerillia tsiampacca
Magnolia candollii
Magnolia elegans
Magnolia sp.
Family Importance Value
32
302
303
304
305
306
307
Melastomataceae (14)
Memecylon beccarianum
Memecylon costatum
Memecylon lilacinum
Memecylon ovatum
Pternandra azurea
Pternandra caerulescens
2008]
KARTAWINATA et al::Wanariset dipterocarp forest structure
No.
Family and Species
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
Pternandra cordata
Pternandra galeata
Pternandra latifolia
Pternandra rostrata
Pternandra sp. 1
Pternandra sp. 2
Pternandra sp. 3
Pternandra sp. 4
Family Importance Value
33
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
Meliaceae (17)
Aglaia macrocarpa
Aglaia odorata
Aglaia silvestris
Aglaia sp.
Aphanamixis polystachya
Chisocheton cumingianus
Chisocheton medusae
Chisocheton sp.
Chisocheton patens
Dysoxylum arborescens
Dysoxylum densiflorum
Dysoxyllum excelsum
Dysoxylum macrocarpum
Dysoxylum pachyrache
Kokoona littoralis
Lansium domesticum
332 Sandoricum borneense
Family Importance Value
34 Monimiaceae (1)
333 Kibara coriacea
Family Importance Value
35
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
Moraceae (21)
Artocarpus altilis
Artocarpus anisophyllus
Artocarpus champeden
Artocarpus dadah
Artocarpus kemando
Artocarpus longifolius
Artocarpus nitidus
Artocarpus rigidus
Artocarpus sp. 1
Artocarpus sp.2
Artocarpus tamara
Ficus ampelas
Ficus aurata
Ficus crassiramica
Ficus sp. 1
Ficus sp. 2
Ficus sumatrana
Ficus sundaica
Ficus variegata
Ficus xanthophylla
Family Importance Value
36
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
Myristicaceae (33)
Gymnacranthera contracta
Gymnacranthera sp. 1
Gymnacranthera sp. 2
Gymnacranthera sp. 3
Horsfieldia bracteosa
Horsfieldia crassifolia
Horsfieldia glabra
Horsfieldia grandis
Horsfieldia irya
Horsfieldia punctatifolia
Number of
Occurrence
in plots
26
21
2
14
1
1
1
1
Frequency
(%)
37.14
30.00
2.86
20.00
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
Number of
Trees
(in 10.5 Ha)
57
25
2
21
1
1
1
1
6
2
26
1
12
1
5
5
1
1
2
16
4
4
3
21
8.57
2.86
37.14
1.43
17.14
1.43
7.14
7.14
1.43
1.43
2.86
22.86
5.71
5.71
4.29
30.00
6
Basal Area
(Cm2)
Relative
Frequency
(%)
0.699
0.565
0.054
0.377
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
319
10,460.75
4,376.10
254.01
2,786.40
130.70
86.59
186.27
136.85
Relative
Basal Area
(%)
0.305
0.128
0.007
0.081
0.004
0.003
0.005
0.004
Relative
Density
(%)
0.978
0.429
0.034
0.360
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
Importance
Value
13
2
32
1
15
1
6
1
1
1
2
25
4
4
3
21
2,514.29
221.24
6,969.66
109.36
4,866.39
143.14
2,331.40
246.06
86.59
881.41
364.57
5,843.87
3,081.34
598.12
1,641.02
4,071.20
0.073
0.006
0.203
0.003
0.142
0.004
0.068
0.007
0.003
0.026
0.011
0.171
0.090
0.017
0.048
0.119
0.161
0.054
0.699
0.027
0.323
0.027
0.134
0.134
0.027
0.027
0.054
0.430
0.108
0.108
0.081
0.565
0.223
0.034
0.549
0.017
0.257
0.017
0.103
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.034
0.429
0.069
0.069
0.051
0.360
0.458
0.095
1.452
0.047
0.722
0.048
0.306
0.159
0.047
0.070
0.099
1.030
0.266
0.194
0.180
1.044
8.57
7
2,706.12
0.079
0.161
0.120
0.361
6.576
4
5.71
4
670.89
0.020
0.108
0.069
0.196
0.196
6
13
1
5
6
1
27
12
8
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
1
4
8.57
18.57
1.43
7.14
8.57
1.43
38.57
17.14
11.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
2.86
1.43
2.86
2.86
4.29
2.86
1.43
5.71
6
17
2
14
9
1
38
16
9
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
2
1
4
2,939.32
6,330.02
1,719.72
5,363.16
3,150.37
235.06
11,924.51
3,729.70
7,243.06
174.37
664.10
130.70
211.76
136.85
295.98
463.40
327.63
335.08
160.61
3,609.92
0.086
0.185
0.050
0.157
0.092
0.007
0.348
0.109
0.211
0.005
0.019
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.009
0.014
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.105
0.161
0.350
0.027
0.134
0.161
0.027
0.726
0.323
0.215
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.054
0.027
0.054
0.054
0.081
0.054
0.027
0.108
0.103
0.292
0.034
0.240
0.154
0.017
0.652
0.275
0.154
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.034
0.017
0.034
0.034
0.051
0.034
0.017
0.069
0.350
0.826
0.111
0.531
0.408
0.051
1.726
0.706
0.581
0.049
0.063
0.048
0.094
0.048
0.097
0.102
0.142
0.098
0.049
0.282
6.363
36
1
1
1
18
1
20
10
2
13
51.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
25.71
1.43
28.57
14.29
2.86
18.57
69
1
1
1
27
1
32
12
4
25
21,616.58
363.05
498.76
257.30
10,393.08
2,463.01
14,414.24
1,783.58
1,863.20
9,126.34
0.631
0.011
0.015
0.008
0.303
0.072
0.421
0.052
0.054
0.266
0.968
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.484
0.027
0.538
0.269
0.054
0.350
1.184
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.463
0.017
0.549
0.206
0.069
0.429
2.784
0.055
0.059
0.052
1.251
0.116
1.508
0.527
0.177
1.045
1.983
1.122
0.096
0.818
0.048
0.047
0.049
0.048
3.519
320
No.
Family and Species
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
Horsfieldia sp. 1
Horsfieldia sp. 2
Horsfieldia sp. 3
Horsfieldia sp. 4
Knema cinerea
Knema conferta
Knema latericia
Knema latifolia
Knema laurina
Knema lunduensis
Knema percoriacea
Knema sp. 1
Knema sp. 2
Knema sp. 3
Knema sp. 4
Knema sp. 5
Knema sp. 6
Myristica gaulterifolia
Myristica iners
Myristica lanceifolia
Myristica maxima
Myristica sp.
Myristica villosa
Family Importance Value
37 Myrsinaceae (1)
387 Ardisia sp.
Family Importance Value
38
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
[VOL.12
REINWARDTIA
Myrtaceae (59)
Cleistocalyx operculata
Eugenia acuminatissima
Eugenia acutangula
Eugenia albidiramea
Eugenia aquea
Eugenia beccarii
Eugenia boerlagei
Eugenia bruneorhamea
Eugenia corymbosa
Eugenia decipiens
Eugenia densiflora
Eugenia densinervia
Eugenia excelsa
Eugenia fastigiata
Eugenia jamboloides
Eugenia lanceolata
Eugenia lineata
Eugenia ochneocarpa
Eugenia oleosa F. Muell.
Eugenia opaca K. & V.
Eugenia operculata
Eugenia rostrata Bedd. ex Dut
Eugenia sp. 1
Eugenia sp. 2
Eugenia sp. 3
Eugenia sp. 4
Eugenia sp. 5
Eugenia sp. 6
Eugenia sp. 7
Eugenia sp. 8
Eugenia sp. 9
Eugenia sp. 10
Eugenia sp. 11
Eugenia sp. 12
Eugenia sp. 13
Eugenia sp. 14
Eugenia sp. 15
Eugenia sp. 16
Eugenia sp. 17
Number of
Occurrence
in plots
1
1
1
1
28
24
19
4
9
23
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
19
2
1
4
1
3
Frequency Number of
(%)
Trees
(in 10.5 Ha)
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
40.00
72
34.29
42
27.14
24
5.71
6
12.86
13
32.86
29
11.43
13
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
27.14
25
2.86
2
1.43
1
5.71
5
1.43
1
4.29
4
Basal Area
(Cm2)
254.47
206.12
153.94
176.71
21,642.47
10,594.10
5,754.04
1,248.47
2,643.36
7,643.17
2,975.00
283.53
467.59
514.72
376.68
452.39
174.37
10,447.70
286.07
339.79
1,198.73
176.71
583.19
Relative
Basal Area
(%)
0.007
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.632
0.309
0.168
0.036
0.077
0.223
0.087
0.008
0.014
0.015
0.011
0.013
0.005
0.305
0.008
0.010
0.035
0.005
0.017
Relative
Frequency
(%)
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.753
0.646
0.511
0.108
0.242
0.619
0.215
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.511
0.054
0.027
0.108
0.027
0.081
Relative
Density
(%)
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
1.236
0.721
0.412
0.103
0.223
0.498
0.223
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.429
0.034
0.017
0.086
0.017
0.069
Importance
Value
0.051
0.050
0.049
0.049
2.621
1.676
1.091
0.247
0.542
1.339
0.525
0.052
0.058
0.059
0.055
0.057
0.049
1.245
0.096
0.054
0.228
0.049
0.166
7.572
1
1.43
1
105.68
0.003
0.027
0.017
0.047
0.047
1
7
35
10
3
2
6
5
21
4
1
2
1
25
8
1
7
17
9
13
1
2
4
3
7
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.43
10.00
50.00
14.29
4.29
2.86
8.57
7.14
30.00
5.71
1.43
2.86
1.43
35.71
11.43
1.43
10.00
24.29
12.86
18.57
1.43
2.86
5.71
4.29
10.00
1.43
5.71
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
1
12
62
15
4
2
9
6
38
8
1
2
1
40
9
1
7
25
20
16
1
2
4
6
10
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
441.15
3,825.07
22,772.72
9,549.71
884.95
2,140.21
4,743.91
1,066.18
15,267.54
2,846.91
176.71
745.47
706.86
17,213.92
4,955.50
191.18
1,151.49
10,150.70
11,454.01
5,807.38
441.15
617.52
854.31
2,111.62
5,842.20
465.31
394.28
83.32
98.52
109.36
124.69
136.85
143.14
151.75
206.12
268.80
352.99
397.61
452.39
0.013
0.112
0.665
0.279
0.026
0.062
0.138
0.031
0.446
0.083
0.005
0.022
0.021
0.502
0.145
0.006
0.034
0.296
0.334
0.169
0.013
0.018
0.025
0.062
0.171
0.014
0.012
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.013
0.027
0.188
0.941
0.269
0.081
0.054
0.161
0.134
0.565
0.108
0.027
0.054
0.027
0.672
0.215
0.027
0.188
0.457
0.242
0.350
0.027
0.054
0.108
0.081
0.188
0.027
0.108
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.017
0.206
1.064
0.257
0.069
0.034
0.154
0.103
0.652
0.137
0.017
0.034
0.017
0.687
0.154
0.017
0.120
0.429
0.343
0.275
0.017
0.034
0.069
0.103
0.172
0.034
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.057
0.506
2.670
0.805
0.175
0.151
0.454
0.269
1.663
0.328
0.049
0.110
0.065
1.861
0.514
0.050
0.342
1.183
0.920
0.794
0.057
0.106
0.201
0.245
0.530
0.075
0.136
0.046
0.047
0.047
0.048
0.048
0.048
0.048
0.050
0.052
0.054
0.056
0.057
2008]
KARTAWINATA et al::Wanariset dipterocarp forest structure
No.
Family and Species
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
Eugenia sp. 18
Eugenia sp. 19
Eugenia sp. 20
Eugenia sp. 21
Eugenia sp. 22
Eugenia sp. 23
Eugenia sp. 24
Eugenia sp. 25
Eugenia sp. 26
Eugenia sp. 27
Eugenia sp. 28
Eugenia sp. 29
Eugenia sp. 30
Eugenia suringariana
Rhodamnia cinerea
Rhodamnia sp. 1
Syzygium aqueum
Syzygium corymbosum
Tristaniopsis obovata
Tristanopsis whiteana
Family Importance Value
38 Ochnaceae (1)
447 Gomphia serrata
Family Importance Value
Number of
Occurrence
in plots
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
19
7
1
1
1
1
4
Frequency Number of
(%)
Trees
(in 10.5 Ha)
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
27.14
43
10.00
8
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
1.43
1
5.71
7
Basal Area
(Cm2)
530.93
660.52
730.62
764.54
907.92
907.92
951.15
1,029.22
1,640.30
83.32
98.52
109.36
124.69
22,042.61
3,765.40
172.03
114.99
226.98
260.16
3,347.54
Relative
Basal Area
(%)
0.015
0.019
0.021
0.022
0.026
0.026
0.028
0.030
0.048
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.643
0.110
0.005
0.003
0.007
0.008
0.098
Relative
Frequency
(%)
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.511
0.188
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.108
321
Relative
Density
(%)
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.738
0.137
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.120
Importance
Value
0.060
0.063
0.065
0.066
0.071
0.071
0.072
0.074
0.092
0.046
0.047
0.047
0.048
1.892
0.435
0.049
0.047
0.051
0.052
0.325
14.918
3
4.29
4
3,252.70
0.095
0.081
0.069
0.244
0.244
Olacaceae (5)
Anacolosa frutescens
Ochanostachys amentacea
Scorodacarpus borneensis
Strombosia ceylanica
Strombosia javanica
Family Importance Value
1
40
12
2
4
1.43
57.14
17.14
2.86
5.71
1
72
17
2
4
201.06
25,596.86
7,612.93
535.05
1,298.09
0.006
0.747
0.222
0.016
0.038
0.027
1.076
0.323
0.054
0.108
0.017
1.236
0.292
0.034
0.069
0.050
3.059
0.837
0.104
0.214
4.263
40 Oxalidaceae (1)
453 Sarcotheca glauca
Family Importance Value
1
1.43
1
498.76
0.015
0.027
0.017
0.059
0.059
41 Podocarpaceae (1)
454 Nageia wallichiana
Family Importance Value
3
4.29
4
1,208.91
0.035
0.081
0.069
0.185
0.185
1
2
10
1
1
1
1
11
1.43
2.86
14.29
1.43
1.43
1.43
1.43
15.71
1
2
12
1
1
1
1
13
263.02
571.78
7,025.07
1,562.28
143.14
598.28
3,631.68
4,704.18
0.008
0.017
0.205
0.046
0.004
0.017
0.106
0.137
0.027
0.054
0.269
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.296
0.017
0.034
0.206
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.223
0.052
0.105
0.680
0.090
0.048
0.062
0.150
0.656
1.842
43 Proteaceae (2)
463 Helicia robusta
464 Heliciopsis incisa
Family Importance Value
1
1
1.43
1.43
1
1
224.32
229.66
0.007
0.007
0.027
0.027
0.017
0.017
0.051
0.051
0.101
44 Rhamnaceae (1)
465 Zizyphus angustifolius
Family Importance Value
4
5.71
4
4,146.51
0.121
0.108
0.069
0.297
0.297
6
4
5
8.57
5.71
7.14
8
5
1
7,184.41
3,632.48
804.25
0.210
0.106
0.023
0.161
0.108
0.134
0.137
0.086
0.017
0.508
0.299
0.175
0.983
39
448
449
450
451
452
42
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
45
466
467
468
Polygalaceae (8)
Xanthophyllum adenotus
Xanthophyllum affine
Xanthophyllum scortechinii
Xanthophyllum sp.1
Xanthophyllum sp. 2
Xanthophyllum sp. 3
Xanthophyllum sp. 4
Xanthophyllum stipitatum
Family Importance Value
Rhizophoraceae (3)
Carallia brachiata
Pelacalyx axilaris
Pellacalyx lobbii
Family Importance Value
322
[VOL.12
REINWARDTIA
Number of
Occurrence
in plots
Frequency Number of
(%)
Trees
(in 10.5 Ha)
No.
Family and Species
46
469
470
471
472
473
Rosaceae (4)
Licania splendens
Prunus arborea
Prunus beccarii
Prunus sp. 1
Prunus sp. 2
Family Importance Value
27
10
13
1
1
38.57
14.29
18.57
1.43
1.43
27
10
15
47
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
Rubiaceae (22)
Adina minutiflora
Anthocephalus cadamba
Gardenia forsteniana
Gardenia sp.
Gardenia tubifera .
Ixora .grandifolia
Lasianthus sp.
Nauclea junghuhnii
Nauclea sp.
Nauclea subdita
Petunga sp.
Porterandia anisophylla .
Randia sp.
Tarenna winkleri
Timonius flavescens
Timonius sericeus
Tricalysia malaccensis
Tricalysia singularis
Urophyllum arboreum
Urophyllum borneensis
Urophyllum corymbosum
Urophyllum polyneurum
Family Importance Value
5
20
4
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
10
1
3
7
2
1
3
5
2
2
12
48 Sabaiaceae (1)
496 Meliosma sumatrana
Family Importance Value
49 Santalaceae (1)
497 Scleropyrum wallichianum
Family Importance Value
50
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
Sapindaceae (13)
Allophylus cobe
Didymocarpus sp.
Didymocarpus longan
Guioa sp.
Nephelium cuspidatum
Nephelium lappaceum
Nephelium maingayi
Nephelium ramboutan-ake
Paranephelium sp.
Pometia pinnata
Rhysotoechia acuminata
Xerospermum laevigatum
Xerospermum xanthophyllum
Family Importance Value
51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
Sapotaceae (16)
Chrysophyllum lanceolatum
Ganua motleyana
Madhuca ligulata
Madhuca magnifolia
Madhuca malaccensis (
Madhuca motleyana
Madhuca sericea
Madhuca sessiliflora
Palaquium calophyllum
Palaquium dasyphyllum
Palaquium ferox
Basal Area
(Cm2)
Relative
Basal Area
(%)
Relative
Frequency
(%)
Relative
Density
(%)
Importance
Value
1
27,448.19
4,280.74
3,070.82
240.53
3,216.99
0.801
0.125
0.090
0.007
0.094
0.726
0.269
0.350
0.027
0.027
-
0.463
0.172
0.257
0.000
0.017
1.991
0.566
0.697
0.034
0.138
1.434
7.14
28.57
5.71
1.43
1.43
4.29
1.43
2.86
1.43
1.43
1.43
14.29
1.43
4.29
10.00
2.86
1.43
4.29
7.14
2.86
2.86
17.14
5
28
4
1
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
10
1
3
7
2
1
3
5
2
2
23
6,614.45
98,044.19
1,163.60
349.67
268.80
395.95
145.27
516.50
201.06
714.43
196.07
2,952.47
314.16
1,075.01
1,664.09
1,082.48
93.31
320.17
1,119.94
282.03
268.05
2,867.25
0.193
2.861
0.034
0.010
0.008
0.012
0.004
0.015
0.006
0.021
0.006
0.086
0.009
0.031
0.049
0.032
0.003
0.009
0.033
0.008
0.008
0.084
0.134
0.538
0.108
0.027
0.027
0.081
0.027
0.054
0.027
0.027
0.027
0.269
0.027
0.081
0.188
0.054
0.027
0.081
0.134
0.054
0.054
0.323
0.086
0.481
0.069
0.017
0.017
0.069
0.017
0.034
0.017
0.034
0.017
0.172
0.017
0.051
0.120
0.034
0.017
0.051
0.086
0.034
0.034
0.395
0.413
3.880
0.210
0.054
0.052
0.161
0.048
0.103
0.050
0.082
0.050
0.527
0.053
0.164
0.357
0.120
0.047
0.142
0.253
0.096
0.096
0.801
7.759
5
7.14
5
2,767.26
0.081
0.134
0.086
0.301
0.301
5
7.14
5
1,237.81
0.036
0.134
0.086
0.256
0.256
1
1
7
1
4
4
1
5
1
14
1
2
3
1.43
1.43
10.00
1.43
5.71
5.71
1.43
7.14
1.43
20.00
1.43
2.86
4.29
1
1
7
1
4
4
1
5
1
17
1
2
4
162.86
226.98
930.20
183.85
539.34
635.56
122.72
2,089.81
141.03
3,697.80
543.25
613.26
1,460.11
0.005
0.007
0.027
0.005
0.016
0.019
0.004
0.061
0.004
0.108
0.016
0.018
0.043
0.027
0.027
0.188
0.027
0.108
0.108
0.027
0.134
0.027
0.377
0.027
0.054
0.081
0.017
0.017
0.120
0.017
0.069
0.069
0.017
0.086
0.017
0.292
0.017
0.034
0.069
0.049
0.051
0.336
0.049
0.192
0.195
0.048
0.281
0.048
0.776
0.060
0.106
0.192
2.383
1
24
1
6
1
3
44
1
10
22
10
1.43
34.29
1.43
8.57
1.43
4.29
62.86
1.43
14.29
31.43
14.29
1
101
2
7
3
4
80
1
14
32
12
576.80
92,233.50
2,116.49
8,087.12
1,620.98
3,721.56
21,007.02
130.70
6,978.71
9,954.55
9,806.05
0.017
2.692
0.062
0.236
0.047
0.109
0.613
0.004
0.204
0.291
0.286
0.027
0.646
0.027
0.161
0.027
0.081
1.183
0.027
0.269
0.592
0.269
0.017
1.734
0.034
0.120
0.051
0.069
1.373
0.017
0.240
0.549
0.206
0.061
5.071
0.123
0.518
0.126
0.258
3.170
0.048
0.713
1.432
0.761
2008]
KARTAWINATA et al::Wanariset dipterocarp forest structure
Number of
Occurrence
in plots
26
3
1
15
1
Frequency
(%)
37.14
4.29
1.43
21.43
1.43
Number of
Trees
(in 10.5 Ha)
41
3
1
20
1
52 Simarubaceae (1)
527 Irvingia malayana
Family Importance Value
5
7.14
53 Sonneratiaceae (1)
528 Duabanga moluccana
Family Importance Value
1
Sterculiaceae (9)
Heritiera javanica
Heritiera littoralis
Heritiera simplicifolia
Pterocymbium tubulatum
Pterygota sp.
Scaphium macropodum
Sterculia gilva
Sterculia rubiginosa
Sterculia sp.1
Family Importance Value
55 Symplocaceae (1)
538 Symplocos odorartissima
Family Importance Value
No.
Family and Species
522
523
524
525
526
Palaquium rostratum
Palaquium sericeum
Palaquium sp.
Payena lucida
Payena sericea
Family Importance Value
54
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
Basal Area
(Cm2)
Relative
Frequency
(%)
0.699
0.081
0.027
0.403
0.027
323
12,565.50
413.71
1,590.43
8,807.83
107.51
Relative
Basal Area
(%)
0.367
0.012
0.046
0.257
0.003
Relative
Density
(%)
0.704
0.051
0.017
0.343
0.017
Importance
Value
5
4,917.83
0.144
0.134
0.086
0.364
1.43
1
122.72
0.004
0.027
0.017
0.048
0.048
1
8
6
8
2
20
4
7
1
1.43
11.43
8.57
11.43
2.86
28.57
5.71
10.00
1.43
1
8
6
8
2
26
5
7
1
176.71
3,001.48
3,826.99
1,943.91
3,079.08
165,001.32
2,058.76
2,062.43
136.85
0.005
0.088
0.112
0.057
0.090
4.816
0.060
0.060
0.004
0.027
0.215
0.161
0.215
0.054
0.538
0.108
0.188
0.027
0.017
0.137
0.103
0.137
0.034
0.446
0.086
0.120
0.017
0.049
0.440
0.376
0.409
0.178
5.800
0.253
0.369
0.048
7.923
1
1.43
1
100.29
0.003
0.027
0.017
0.047
0.047
1.770
0.144
0.090
1.004
0.047
15.335
56
539
540
541
Theaceae (3)
Schima wallichii
Tetramerista glabra
Thea sp.
Family Importance Value
5
8
1
7.14
11.43
1.43
5
11
1
4,723.370
18,722.63
80.12
0.138
0.546
0.002
0.134
0.215
0.027
0.086
0.189
0.017
0.358
0.950
0.046
1.309
57
542
543
544
545
Thymelaeaceae (4)
Aquilaria malaccensis
Gonystylus forbesii
Gonystylus macrophyllus
Gonystylus velutinus
Family Importance Value
22
1
7
4
31.43
1.43
10.00
5.71
30
1
7
4
18,030.69
113.10
1,530.18
1,242.89
0.526
0.003
0.045
0.036
0.592
0.027
0.188
0.108
0.515
0.017
0.120
0.069
1.633
0.047
0.353
0.213
2.246
58
546
547
548
549
Tiliaceae (4)
Microcos crassifolia
Microcos hirsuta
Pentace laxiflora
Pentace triptera
Family Importance Value
3
2
21
1
4.29
2.86
30.00
1.43
3
2
30
1
403.18
202.39
9,843.85
174.37
0.012
0.006
0.287
0.005
0.081
0.054
0.565
0.027
0.051
0.034
0.515
0.017
0.144
0.094
1.367
0.049
1.654
59 Ulmaceae (2)
550 Gironniera nervosa
551 Gironniera subaequalis
Family Importance Value
26
1
37.14
1.43
54
1
19,101.88
237.79
0.557
0.007
0.699
0.027
0.927
0.017
2.184
0.051
2.235
0.053
1
1.43
1
298.65
0.009
0.027
0.017
60 Urticaceae (1)
552 Poikilospermum suaveolens
Family Importance Value
1
143.00
1
298.65
0.009
0.027
0.017
0.053
0.053
61 Verbenaceae (2)
553 Teijsmanniodendron bogoriense
554 Teijsmanniodendron coriaceum
Family Importance Value
2
1
2.86
1.43
2
1
4,183.23
81.71
0.122
0.002
0.054
0.027
0.034
0.017
0.210
0.046
0.257
62 Violaceae (1)
555 Rinorea benghalensis
Family Importance Value
17
24.29
28
13,946.90
0.407
0.457
0.481
1.345
1.345
100.378
303.726
TOTAL
3,762
5,515.86
5,848
3,500,424.54
102.162
101.187
324
REINWARDTIA
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ISSN 0034 365 X
REINWARDTIA
Vol. 12. No. 4. 2008
CONTENTS
Page
J.F. VELDKAMP. The correct name for the Tetrastigma (Vitaceae) host of Rafflesia (Rqfflesiaeeae) in Malesia
and a (not so) new species
...
261
WJ.J.ODE WILDE &B.E.E. DUYFES. Miscellaneous South East Asian cucurbit news
267
M.A. RIFAI. Endophragmiella bogoriensis Rifai,spec. nov (Hyphomycetes)
275
M.A. RIFAI. Another note on PodoconismegaspemiaBoedijn(Hyphomycetes)
277
TOPIK HID A W ; M. ITO; T. YUKAWA. The phylogenetic position of the Papuasian genus Sarcochilus R.Br.
(Orchidaceae: Aeridinae): evidence frommolecular data
281
C.E. RIDSDALE. Notes on MaiesiznNeonaucleea
285
C.E. RIDSDALE. Thorny problems in the Rubiaceae: Benkara, Fagerlindia andOxyceros
289
KUSWATAKARTAWINAIA, PURWANINGSIH, T. PARTOMIHARDJO, R. YUSUF, R. ABDULHADI, S.
RISWAN. Floristics and structure of a lowland dipterocarp forest at Wanariset Samboja, East Kalimantan,
Indonesia
301
RUGAiAH & S. SUNARTI. Two new wild species of Averrhoa (Oxalidaceae) from Indonesia
325
ATIKRETNOWATI. Anew Javanese species of Marasmius (Trichlomataceae )
334
Reinwardtia is a LEPI acredited Journal (80/Akred-LIPI/P2MBI/5/2007)
HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE
BIDANG BOTANI
PUS AT PENELITIAN BIOLOGI - LIPI
BOGOR, INDONESIA
,
tukirin Partomihardjo