Catalog of species-group names of Recent and fossil Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Gerhard STEINER Institute of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna (Austria) gerhard.steiner@univie.ac.at Alan R. KABAT Formerly Dpt of Invertebrate Zoology (Mollusks), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 (USA) Present address: 2401 Calvert Street, Washington, D.C. 20008-2669 (USA) AlanKabat@aol.com Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. 2004. — Catalog of species-group names of Recent and fossil Scaphopoda (Mollusca). Zoosystema 26 (4) : 549-726. KEY WORDS Mollusca, Scaphopoda, nomenclature. ABSTRACT This catalog lists names of Recent and fossil species-group taxa of the molluscan class Scaphopoda. Of a total of 1965 entries, 517 are attributed to valid Recent taxa, 816 to valid fossil taxa, 543 are invalid names, and 89 were subsequently excluded from the Scaphopoda. The authorship and complete bibliographic references are provided for each name. The original and current generic allocation, type locality, and type material depositories, as far as available, are provided. Synonyms, geographic distributions, and bathymetric ranges are provided for Recent taxa. Cross references to junior synonyms are based upon published opinions. Eight species taxa are newly synonymized herein: Dentalium tessellatum is a junior synonym of Entalinopsis habutae; Dentalium caudani is a junior synonym of Fissidentalium candidum; F. ergasticum, F. milneedwardsi, and F. scamnatum are junior synonyms of F. capillosum; F. exuberans is a junior synonym of F. paucicostatum; and Cadulus halius is a junior synonym of C. podagrinus. Three subspecific taxa are synonymized with the respective nominate species: Antalis cerata tenax, Polyschides rushii arne, and Gadila agassizii hatterasensis. Further, eight new generic combinations are proposed: Paradentalium americanum n. comb., Coccodentalium cancellatum n. comb., Fissidentalium peruvianum n. comb., Pulsellum teres n. comb., Polyschides poculum n. comb., Polyschides foweyensis n. comb., Polyschides portoricensis n. comb., and Polyschides nitidus n. comb. Thirteen junior homonyms are renamed and listed in the appendix 1. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) © Publications Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.zoosystema.com 549 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. MOTS CLÉS Mollusca, Scaphopoda, nomenclature. RÉSUMÉ Catalogue des noms du groupe-espèce de scaphopodes (Mollusca) récents et fossiles. Ce catalogue contient les noms des taxons récents et fossiles du groupe-espèce des mollusques de la classe des Scaphopoda. Sur un total de 1965 entrées, 517 concernent des taxons valides récents, 816 des taxons valides fossiles, 543 sont des noms invalides et 89 ont été subséquemment exclus des Scaphopoda. L’autorité et les références bibliographiques complètes sont indiquées pour chaque nom. L’allocation générique originale et actuelle, la localité type et le lieu de dépôt du matériel type sont indiqués autant que possible. Pour les taxons récents, les synonymes, distributions géographique et bathymétrique sont indiqués. Les références croisées avec les synonymes plus récents sont basées sur les opinions publiées. Huit espèces sont nouvellement synonymisées dans ce travail : Dentalium tessellatum synonyme plus récent de Entalinopsis habutae ; Dentalium caudani synonyme plus récent de Fissidentalium candidum ; F. ergasticum, F. milneedwardsi et F. scamnatum synonymes plus récents de F. capillosum ; F. exuberans synonyme plus récent de F. paucicostatum ; et Cadulus halius synonyme plus récent de C. podagrinus. Trois taxons subspécifiques sont mis en synonymie avec les espèces nominales correspondantes : Antalis cerata tenax, Polyschides rushii arne et Gadila agassizii hatterasensis. De plus, huit nouvelles combinaisons génériques sont proposées : Paradentalium americanum n. comb., Coccodentalium cancellatum n. comb., Fissidentalium peruvianum n. comb., Pulsellum teres n. comb., Polyschides poculum n. comb., Polyschides foweyensis n. comb., Polyschides portoricensis n. comb. et Polyschides nitidus n. comb. Treize homonymes plus récents sont renommés et listés en annexe 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................ List of species-group names ...................................................................................................... Other taxa described as Scaphopoda ......................................................................................... Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. References ................................................................................................................................ Appendix 1: Rectification of nomenclature. Renaming of homonyms ...................................... Appendix 2: Arguments for the taxonomic decisions ................................................................ Appendix 3: Generic catalog of Recent species ......................................................................... Appendix 4: Geological catalog of fossil species ........................................................................ 550 551 557 665 669 669 709 710 712 718 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) INTRODUCTION More than a century has passed since the fundamental work of Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898), which revised the molluscan class Scaphopoda on a global scale. Since that work, many new Recent and fossil species have been described. The majority of new Recent taxa were described in monographic works based upon the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic faunal regions. The nomenclatural status of the fossil Scaphopoda is still complicated, although the rectifications of Emerson (1954) and Palmer (1974b) renamed many homonyms. The first author’s frustration with inaccurate estimates of Recent species numbers (e.g., Shimek & Steiner 1997: 719; Palmer & Steiner 1998: 431), confusing synonymies and homonyms, tedious searches for type material and for specimens for anatomical studies, all prompted the preparation of this compilation of species-level names with the relevant information. This catalog contains names of Recent and fossil species-level taxa, i.e. species, subspecies and varieties, and subsequent publications of relevance, known to us through August 2004. Primary sources of information used herein, in addition to the Zoological Record, are the publications of Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898), Boissevain (1906), Henderson (1920), Cotton & Godfrey (1933, 1940), Emerson (1952b, 1962), Habe (1963, 1964), Chistikov (1982a-c, 1983), Scarabino (1995), and Lamprell & Healy (1998). All references cited herein have been consulted, except for several obscure works that are marked in the bibliography as [not seen]. Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898) remains the foundation for all subsequent systematic research on the Scaphopoda. Researchers have not consistently used the correct publication dates for this work, which was published over a two-year period. According to Vanatta (1927: 99), pages 1-80 were published on May 11, 1897; pages 81-144 were published on October 15, 1897; pages 145-224 were published on May 3, 1898; and pages 225280 and i-xxxii on December 7, 1898. Therefore, in the present catalog, all citations to Pilsbry & Sharp have specified the appropriate year (either ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) 1897 or 1898). The paper by Pilsbry & Sharp in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1897, published on 18 January 1898, is cited as “1898a” herein. Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898) renamed a number of junior homonyms. Inexplicably, some of their new names are attributed to “Sharp and Pilsbry” [i.e. Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp], while others are merely “Pilsbry & Sharp”. We do not know the reason for this distinction. The starting point for this catalog, as indeed for any systematic publication on the Scaphopoda, was the monumental catalog of Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898) which listed all the Recent and fossil names that they were able to find, from Linnaeus through 1898. The relatively few names that they missed are mostly from publications that were not then regarded as valid, such as the catalogs of Röding (1798) and Link (1807), or from obscure European paleontological publications. We were able to identify some of these omissions through Ruhoff (1979) and Sherborn (1902; 1922-1933), and others through reviewing the secondary literature. In addition, several general paleontological catalogs included additional overlooked names from that time period, including the “Fossilium Catalogus” (Diener 1926: 228-230; Kutassy 1940: 423-425) and the bibliography of North American Late Paleozoic mollusks (Yochelson & Saunders 1967: 14-23). The compilation of names for the 20th century was more time consuming than might otherwise be expected. The Zoological Record proved to be reasonably complete for the Recent taxa, but significantly less so for the paleontological literature, a phenomenon that has been discussed elsewhere (Bouchet & Rocroi 1992, 1993; Edwards & Thorne 1993). We have reviewed the primary and secondary literature on the systematics of the Scaphopoda in an attempt to identify any additional publications that might contain new taxa. Several monographs provide fairly comprehensive bibliographies of publications on Recent taxa (Scarabino 1995: 372-379; Lamprell & Healy 1998: 177-182) and fossil taxa (Fantinet 1959: 83-105; Caprotti 1979: 253-255). 551 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. TABLE 1. — List of abbreviations of Scaphopoda type specimens depositories. Acronym AIM AMNH AMS ANSP ASP BMNH BPBM CAS CFES DMNH DSTRG ESN FGK FM GBA GIUT GIY GPIB GPIM GPIMH GSC IGG IMT IOM IOS IRSNB JCU KBINW KIU LACM LS MAM MCZ MGUH MHNB MHNG MHNM MIGT MLP MM MMSU MNHN MNRJ MPEF-PI MRAC MSNM MV MZUSP NHM NM NMB NMC NMNZ NMT NMW NSMT 552 Institution Auckland Institute and Museum, Auckland, New Zealand American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, USA Academia Sinica, Beijing, China The Natural History Museum, London, UK Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, USA California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA Central Fisheries Experimental Station, Japan Delaware Museum of Natural History, Delaware, USA Dipartimento per lo Studio del Territorio e delle sue Risorse, Genova University, Italy Department of Earth Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya City, Japan Faculty of Geology, Kyoto University, Japan Field Museum, Chicago, USA Geologische Bundesanstalt, Vienna, Austria Geological Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan Geological Institute, Yokohama National University, Japan Geologisches-Paläontologisches Institut Bonn, Germany Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany Geologisches-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Hamburg, Germany Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa Institutul de Geologie si Geofizica, Bucarest, Romania Institute of Malacology, Tokyo, Japan P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, Qingdao, China Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique [Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen], Brussels, Belgium James Cook University, Townsville, Australia Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Brussels, Belgium Collection of Science Department, Kyoto Imperial University, Kyoto, Japan Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, USA Linnean Society of London, UK Government Museum, Chennai (formerly Madras Museum), India Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, USA Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Boulogne-sur-mer, France Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Genève, Switzerland Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino (Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Turin, Bellardi-Sacco collection), Italy Museo de Ciencias Naturales La Plata, Argentina Manchester Museum, UK Zoological Museum of Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Museo Paleontologico “Egidio Feruglio”, Paleontologia de Invertebrados, Trelew, Argentina Musée royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano, Italy Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland National Museum of Natural Science, Ottawa, Canada National Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, UK National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Acronym NYSM NZGS PIRS PIUV PRI QM RGM RSM SAFM SAM SBMNH SHM SMF SMNH SMT TMH UCM UCMP UIMG UMT UMZC UNAM UO UPMN USNM UWM WAM WSM YPM ZIN ZMA ZMB ZMO ZMUC ZMUU ZSI Institution New York State Museum, Albany, USA New Zealand Institute of Geological and Nuclear Science, Lower Hutt (NZ Geological Survey), New Zealand Primary Industries and Resources of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia Paläontologisches Institut, Universität Wien, Austria Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York, USA Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie, Leiden, Netherlands Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, UK South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, USA Saito Ho-on Kai Museum, Japan Natur-Museum Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Germany Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden Sakurai Museum, Tokyo, Japan; transferred to NSMT Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart, Australia University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, USA University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, USA University of Ife, Museum of Geology, Nigeria University Museum Tokyo, Japan University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, UK Instituto de Geologia, Universidade Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico University of Oregon, Eugene, USA Museo di Paleontologica, Università di Napoli, Italy National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA Burke Museum of Natural History & Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, USA Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia Washington State Museum, Seattle, USA Yale Peabody Museum, Yale, USA Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia Zoölogisch Museum Amsterdam, Netherlands Zoologisches Museum Berlin, Germany Zoologisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo, Norway Zoologisk Museum Copenhagen, Denmark Zoologiska Museet, Uppsala Universitet, Sweden Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta The Cenozoic mollusk card catalogs housed by the Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM), are invaluable resources that merit wider notice. During the middle part of the 20th century, Barbara A. Bedette and Druid Wilson, paleontologists associated with the US Geological Survey, maintained a card catalog, comprising 4” × 6” cards with typed information on the Atlantic Gulf Coastal Plain species of Cenozoic mollusks from the southeastern United States (approximately, Maryland to Texas). Meanwhile, another US Geological Survey paleontologist, Wendell P. Woodring, similarly maintained a card catalog, comprising 3” × 5” ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) cards with handwritten information on the species of Cenozoic mollusks described from “tropical America” (the islands of the Caribbean; Mexico; Central America; and the northern part of South America). Both card catalogs contained entries for fossil scaphopod species described in the 20th century that were not recorded in the Zoological Record and were overlooked in the subsequent literature. Although these card catalogs have not been updated for some years, researchers who visit the Smithsonian collections may wish to examine these files. The catalog consists of 1965 entries. There are 828 entries of Recent scaphopod species-group names, 517 of which are here considered valid 553 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. species. The entries are alphabetically ordered by their original binomen following the scheme: species, original genus Author, year: page. Stratigraphy of type locality. Type locality [translated into English and/or modern equivalent as needed]. Depository of type material. Synonymy. Current taxonomic status (reference if different from original combination). Geographic distribution. Bathymetric range. Remarks. Names of valid Recent species are in boldface. Names of the 816 valid fossil species-group names are preceded by a dagger (†) symbol. The synonymies given are based upon published determinations. Where contradictory opinions have been published, one is given preference and the alternative is noted in the Remarks. Synonymies, current status and distribution are given only for a few fossil taxa. Synonymies do not include misidentifications, as their complete listing is beyond the scope of this paper. We have not attempted to resolve all transfers of syntypes and paratypes subsequent to the original descriptions, a problem caused by the fact that such types were sometimes split off from the original lots long after the original descriptions (especially at the museums of the United States of America); thus, types are often located in depositories not cited in the original publication. Additional information such as modern locality names, depths in m, references cited by Linnaeus and Gmelin, etc., is given in square brackets. Boss (1988) provided full references for the oftencryptic abbreviations used by Linnaeus (1758, 1767) and many of those used by Gmelin (1791). Current generic assignments are tentative for many species due to the lack of anatomical data needed to distinguish certain genera. The generic assignments of Recent species that have not been recently studied were based upon the generic diagnoses in Scarabino (1995). Information on bathymetric ranges can be problematic, since published records do not always differentiate between live-collected specimens and empty shells, the latter of which can be transported to deeper depths before being dredged. Hence, researchers interested in determining the bathymetric range for a given species 554 are advised to examine the relevant specimens in museum collections to ascertain their taphonomic status. For the sake of completeness, we have included incorrect subsequent spellings in this catalog. They refer to the corresponding valid name. Although these are not available names (ICZN 1999: article 33.3), their inclusion herein will readily allow future generations of researchers who find these names in the older literature to determine their status from this catalog. Table 1 lists the abbreviations of type specimen depositories taken from Kabat & Boss (1992: 188-232), with some additions. The current depositories of type material were, in some cases, difficult to determine. Information was obtained from the original descriptions, from catalogs of type specimens, on-line searches in museum databases, correspondence with curators, and from visits to The Natural History Museum (London), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), and the National Museum of Natural History (Washington, D.C.). The most important lists of types of Recent scaphopod species, among others listed by Kabat & Boss (1992: 243; 1997: 354), are Turner (1955), Palmer (1958), Dance (1967), Zeidler & Macphail (1978), Giles & Gosliner (1983), Oliver (1984), Scott et al. (1990), Spamer & Bogan (1992), Wallin (1992), Kilias (1995), and Boyko & Sage (1996). Other important sources of information on types of fossil scaphopod species are Newton (1891), Beecher (1900), Maury (1917), Rossi Ronchetti (1955), Flügel (1959), Ludbrook (1959), Brann & Kent (1960), Hanzawa et al. (1961), Keyes (1972), Ferrero Mortara et al. (1984), and White (1998). It was not always possible to obtain information on the current status of type material (i.e. if a lectotype had been designated) for several taxa. If the original publication and any relevant subsequent publications, or correspondence with museum curators, did not yield information on the status of type specimens, then the entry reads “Type material in [museum]” without greater specificity Due to the relocation and re-cataloging of the Mollusca collection in the National Museum of Natural History (Washington, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) TABLE 2. — Number of species-group names of Recent and fossil Scaphopoda for the most prolific authors, including original descriptions and replacement names. *, including co-authored species names. Recent Fossil Total Author No. Author No. Author No. Henderson Scarabino Lamprell & Healy Locard Pilsbry * Boissevain Dall Watson Sowerby * Habe * Jeffreys Plate Chistikov 51 47 46 45 45 39 37 31 30 19 19 17 14 Sacco Pilsbry * Cossmann * Deshayes Meyer * Martin Gardner Tate Koenen Chenu Palmer C. P. Dall D’Orbigny Janssen R. 67 54 42 29 20 19 18 18 16 14 13 12 12 11 Pilsbry * Sacco Henderson Dall Scarabino Lamprell & Healy Locard Cossmann * 99 67 51 49 47 46 45 45 D.C.), paratype catalog numbers for several species (especially of Henderson’s types, which sometimes shared catalog numbers with other lots) are not available at present. Boissevain (1906), in her monograph on the Siboga Expedition scaphopods, introduced 39 species-level names of Scaphopoda. Unfortunately, this monograph had a number of typographical errors regarding the numbers of specimens and dredging station numbers for some of the type material; furthermore, some lectotype designations by subsequent authors have not always clearly identified the precise specimen that was to be the lectotype. Robert Moolenbeek and A. N. Van der Bijl (ZMA) have thoroughly reviewed the Siboga type material and Boissevain’s annotated copy of her monograph. Based upon this review, they have carefully reconciled the discrepancies in this monograph and in the subsequent literature regarding the type material. We have incorporated their corrections into our catalog. A comparison of the most prolific authors of Recent species (Table 2) shows that Henderson introduced 52 new names; Scarabino 47 names; Lamprell & Healy 46 names; Locard and Pilsbry 45 names each; Boissevain introduced 39 names of Recent species-group taxa. Sacco coined 67 fossil species-group names; Pilsbry and his coZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) authors 54 names; Cossmann and his co-authors 42 names. Determining the correct locations of type depositories, synonyms and validity of Recent taxa have received considerably greater attention than of fossil taxa, primarily because of the neontological background and interests of the first author. For the same reason, stratigraphic ranges of fossil species are not provided, beyond the information in the original description. The taxonomic research activity in Scaphopoda, measured in names introduced per decade, varied considerably through time (Fig. 1). After low numbers of species described during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, first the number of newly described fossil species increased in the wake of prospecting and mining activities in the course of the industrial revolution. With the onset of ocean floor sampling expeditions, the numbers of described Recent species followed suit. The 1890s feature the unique peak in scaphopod research with over 280 newly introduced names, most of which originated in the publications of Pilsbry, Locard, Sacco, and Cossmann. The decline in research activity in the 20th century is most conspicuous in the decades of World Wars I and II. Taxonomic activity rebounded in the second half of the past century and peaked in its final decade mainly due to the 555 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Recent 2000-2004 1990-1999 1980-1989 1970-1979 1960-1969 1950-1959 1940-1949 1930-1939 1920-1929 1910-1919 1900-1909 1890-1899 1880-1889 1870-1879 1860-1869 1850-1859 1840-1849 1830-1839 1820-1829 1810-1819 1800-1809 1790-1799 1780-1789 1770-1779 1760-1769 1750-1759 Fossil FIG. 1. — Number of species-group names introduced per decade for fossil and Recent taxa. The period from 2000 to 2004 includes the names introduced herein. monographs of Scarabino (1995) and Lamprell & Healy (1998). With increased sampling activities in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, the level of descriptions of new species will likely be sustained in the first decade of this century. So far, in the period from 2000 to 2004, 18 new names were published, including those introduced in the present paper. The present contribution to scaphopod taxonomy is not intended as a global revision but constitutes a documentation of the status quo. To obtain an accurate estimate of the total number of valid species and the number of species in each genus, it became necessary to include eight hitherto unpublished synonyms and eight new combinations. These include several by B. Métivier (in litt.) and V. Scarabino (in litt.). The appendices of the catalog summarize the rectifications of nomenclature with the renamed homonyms (Appendix 1) and the arguments for new synonymies and new generic combinations (Appendix 2). The listing of valid Recent species for each genus (Appendix 3) is updated from 556 Steiner & Kabat (2001). Finally, Appendix 4 lists the presumably valid fossil taxa by their stratigraphic age. This catalog is the most complete published compilation of species-level names in the class Scaphopoda. However, we recognize that, given the abundance of this class in the Recent and fossil marine fauna, and the proliferation of publications that have been overlooked by recorders, it is not possible for this catalog to be 100% complete. In particular, we suspect that there are valid names described by Chinese and Russian paleontologists that we have not found (and are not recorded in the Zoological Record), because we did not have the time to search through all the relevant publications listed in the Russian Referativnii Zhurnal or the Chinese Gushengwuxue Wenzhai [Paleontological Abstracts] (see also Bouchet & Rocroi 1992, 1993). For that reason, we do not intend that the present catalog be considered for inclusion in a “List of Available Names in Zoology” pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 79. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) LIST OF SPECIES-GROUP NAMES abbreviatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. aberrans, Cadulus Whiteaves, 1887: 124, fig. 2. Recent. Dawson stn No. 20, Forward Inlet, Quatsino Sound, north-west coast of Vancouver Island [British Columbia, Canada], 10-20 fms [1837 m]. Syntypes NMC 555 (5). Junior synonyms: C. hepburni Dall, 1897; C. fusiformis Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898; C. nitentior Arnold, 1903 (fide Shimek 1989: 234, 235). Gadila aberrans (Whiteaves, 1887) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 193). Eastern Pacific: Alaska to Southern California. 7-365 m. Remarks: Shimek (1989: 235) erroneously designated USNM 133809 as a “lectotype of C. aberrans”. Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55) places this in Cadulus. abruptoinflatus, Cadulus (Gadila) Boissevain, 1906: 75, pl. 6, fig. 65, text-fig. 39. Recent. Madura Strait [Indonesia], Siboga stn 5, 7°46’S, 114°30.5’E, 330 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.106. Gadila abruptoinflata (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 364). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia. 330 m. † abruptus, Cadulus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886: 40, pl. 2, fig. 2. Oligocene. Newton and Wautubbee, Mississippi, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 638725, 638726. Dischides abruptus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886 (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 360, 361). Remark: Aldrich (1895: 4) and Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 235) as a probable junior synonym of Cadulus subcoarctuatus (Gabb, 1860). † absconditum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 212, 213, pl. 1, figs 15-17. Eocene. Paris Basin (Parnes, Chaumont, Saint-Félix and Mouchy), France. Antalis abscondita (Deshayes, 1861) (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). abyssicola, Helonyx subfusiformis var. Monterosato, 1875: 20, 21. Recent. Palermo [Sicily], 210 m. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Cadulus jeffreysi (Monterosato, 1875) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 163). Remark: Monterosato (1878: 77) elevated this to a full species, but subsequently (1880: 65) treated this as a junior synonym of Helonyx subfusiformis (M. Sars, 1865). abyssorum, Dentalium M. Sars, 1859: 52. Recent. Norwegian coast. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851) (fide Thorson & Spärck 1939: 2). † acicula, Fustiaria (Episiphon) Hodgkinson, 1974: 22, 23, text-figs 7c-e, 8i-k; pl. 3, figs 2-6, 8, pl. 7, fig. 3, pl. 8, figs 3, 5a, b. Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation, Wheelock Member. Little Brazos Bluff, Brazos River Valley, Brazos County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180456; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 180451-180455, 180479, PRI 29230, ANSP 31508 (all from Scott’s locality MS-2-N, Little Brazos River). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) aciculatum, Dentalium Hall, 1860. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. aciculum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 165. Recent. Coast of China, 23°50’N, 25 fms [45 m]. Lectotype USNM 24149 (designated by Johnson 1964: 36, as “holotype”); paralectotypes ANSP 35539 (1), MCZ 169034 (ex NYSM 145) (1), MCZ 216577 (1). Junior synonym: Dentalium luchuanum Dall, 1926 (fide Habe 1964: 24). Dentalium aciculum Gould, 1859. Indo-Pacific: China, Japan, Philippine Islands, Indonesia, eastern Australia. 5-1000 m. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 93) placed this species in Graptacme, but V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) has determined that this is correctly placed in Dentalium. aciculum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 202, 203, pl. 1, figs 31, 32. Eocene. Paris Basin (Grignon and Montmirel), France. Junior homonym of Dentalium aciculum Gould, 1859. Replacement name: Dentalium acre Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. acompsus, Cadulus (Polyschides) quadridentatus Henderson, 1920: 100, 101, pl. 17, fig. 4. Recent. Monkey River, British Honduras [Belize]. Holotype ANSP 76557; paratypes ANSP 390502, USNM 314939 (not located). Junior synonym of Polyschides tetraschistus (Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1980: 11). † acre, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 197. Eocene. Paris Basin (Grignon and Montmirel), France. Replacement name for Dentalium aciculum Deshayes, 1861, a junior homonym of Dentalium aciculum Gould, 1859. † acriculum, Entalis Tate, 1887: 192, pl. 20, fig. 11. Lower Miocene. Muddy Creek, Victoria, Australia. Holotype and 8 paratypes SAM T 251. Junior synonym: Dentalium lacteolum Tate, 1899 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 144). Dentalium (Laevidentalium) acriculum (Tate, 1887) (fide Ludbrook 1959: 144, 145, pl. 1, fig. 2). actiniophorum, Fissidentalium Shimek, 1997: 181190, figs 1-6. Recent. Pulse Project, stn 1809 M, 34°44’N, 123°12’W, 4100-4134 m off Southern California. Holotype LACM 2792; paratypes LACM 2793, LACM 2809-2811, USNM 886326, BMNH 1996120-21. Fissidentalium actiniophorum Shimek, 1997. Eastern Pacific: California. 4100-4134 m. aculeatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 100, pl. 225, fig. 63. Recent. No information on type locality, type material and distribution. Antalis aculeata (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 61). † acumen, Entalis“?” de Koninck, 1883: 216, pl. 49, fig. 22. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Dentalium acumen (de Koninck, 1883) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 229). acuminatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 369, pl. 17, figs 19, 20. Eocene. Parnes and Mouchy-le-Châtel, Paris Basin, France. Junior synonym of Dentalium 557 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. fissura Lamarck, 1818 (fide Deshayes 1864: 213). Fustiaria fissura (Lamarck, 1818) (fide Newton & Harris 1894: 65). acuminatum, Dentalium Brown, 1849: 243, pl. 98, fig. 74. Name for Dentalium entalis sensu J. Sowerby 1814. Tertiary. Hordwell Cliffs, England, United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Dentalium acuminatum Deshayes, 1825. Objective junior synonym of Dentalium entaloides Fleming, 1825. acuminatum, Dentalium Gardner, 1878: 62, pl. 3, figs 34-39. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone, England, United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Dentalium acuminatum Deshayes, 1825 and Dentalium acuminatum Brown, 1849. Replacement name: Dentalium gardneri Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898, itself a junior homonym of Entalis gardneri (Holzapfel, 1888); replacement name: Dentalium infortunatum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. acuminatus, Cadulus “Deshayes” Angas, 1871: 97. Recent. Middle Harbour, Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Nomen nudum (fide Ludbrook 1978: 86). Remark: it seems unlikely that Angas had misidentified an Australian species with Deshayes’ name, since D. acuminatum Deshayes, 1825 does not resemble any species assigned to Cadulus. † acuminatus, Cadulus Tate, 1887: 194. Oyster beds of the Upper Aldinga series [Late Pliocene of Australia]. Holotype SAM T 231A. Gadila acuminata (Tate, 1887) (fide Ludbrook 1959: 147). Indo-Pacific: South Australia. 47-164 m. acus, Cadulus Dall, 1889: 432, pl. 27, fig. 11. Recent. Samana Bay, Santo Domingo, 16 fms [29 m]. Lectotype USNM 95379 (designated by Henderson 1920: 140); paralectotypes USNM 887454; MCZ 7751, AMNH 148337 (2), AMNH 148342 (8). Gadila acus (Dall, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 191). Western Atlantic: Caribbean, Florida, Bahamas, Brazil. 20-550 m. Remark: Turner (1955: 317) erroneously stated MCZ 7751 to be the “holotype” (fide Boyko & Sage 1996: 29). acus, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. acus, Dentalium Cooke, 1885: 274, 275. Recent. Gulf of Suez. Holotype UMZC I.100,735. Junior homonym of Dentalium acus Eichwald, 1857. Replacement name: Dentalium cookei Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 29. † acutangularis, Dentalium sexangulare var. Cocconi, 1874: 645. Pliocene. Castell’Arquato, Italy. acuticosta, Dentalium – Nyst 1835: 36 non Deshayes 1825. Oligocene. Near Antwerp, Belgium. Next available name: Dentalium kickxii Nyst, 1843. † acuticostata, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 357, pl. 18, fig. 3. Eocene. London, England, Great Britain. Replacement name for Dentalium striatum J. Sowerby, 1814, a junior homonym of Dentalium striatum Born, 1778. Objective junior synonym: Dentalium bartonense Palmer, 1974 (n. syn.). 558 acuticostatum, Dentalium (Graptacme) Plate, 1908a: 352, pl. 30, fig. 37. Recent. Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, East Africa, Valdivia stn 244, 5°55.8’S, 39°1.2’E, 50 m. Holotype ZMB 61082. Junior homonym of Dentalium acuticostata Deshayes, 1825. Replacement name Graptacme acutistriata n. nom. acutissimum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 514, 515 [Watson 1886: 8, pl. 1, fig. 8]. Recent. North of Papua New Guinea, Challenger stn 218, 2°33’S, 144°04’E, 1070 fms [1957 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.31 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 110, as holotype); paralectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.32. Graptacme acutissima (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 94). Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Australia, Japan and New Caledonia. 865-3749 m. Remarks: paralectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.33 (Challenger stn 246, 36°10’N, 178°0’E, east of Japan, 2050 fms) is a different species (Scarabino 1995: 243; Lamprell & Healy 1998: 98). Lamprell & Healy (1998: 97) obviously overlooked Ludbrook’s lectotype designation and selected the same specimen as lectotype. acutistriata, Graptacme n. nom. Recent. Dar-esSalaam, Tanzania, East Africa, Valdivia stn 244, 5°55.8’S, 39°1.2’E, 50 m. Holotype ZMB 61082. Replacement name for Dentalium (Graptacme) acuticostatum Plate, 1908 non D. acusticostata Deshayes, 1825. Graptacme acutistriata Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Known from type locality only. Remark: Kilias (1995: 171) noted that Plate gave the incorrect station number, i.e. stn 247, but the correct coordinates. acutisulcatum, Dentalium Gurley, 1883: 7. Carboniferous, “Lower Coal Measures”. Newport, Vermillion County, Indiana, USA. Syntypes FM UC.6314 (2) (fide Forney & Nitecki 1976: 11). Junior synonym of Prodentalium obsoletum (Hall, 1858), the oldest available name for Dentalium sublaeve Hall in Miller, 1877, a junior homonym of Dentalium dentalis var. sublaeve Cocconi, 1874 (fide Yancey 1978: 307). Objective junior synonym: Prodentalium fredericae Engeser & Riedel, 1992. acutoides, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 183. Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Railway-cutting, Dixton West, near Gotherington, near Cheltenham, England, United Kingdom. An unnecessary replacement name for Dentalium acutum Richardson, 1906, a junior homonym of Dentalium acutum Hébert, 1849. Objective junior synonym of Dentalium richardsoni Cossmann, 1907. † acutum, Dentalium Hébert, 1849: 469. Oligocene. Dego, Tertiary Piedmont Basin [Italy]. Junior synonyms: Dentalium nysti d’Orbigny, 1852 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 197); Dentalium (Entalis) acuta var. apenninica Sacco, 1897 (fide Bonci et al. 2000: 206, 207). Antalis acuta (Hébert, 1849) (fide Bonci et al. 2000: 206, 207, pl. 1, fig. 4). Remark: The specimens Deshayes (1864: 205, pl. 20, figs 1-4) ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) misidentified as Dentalium acutum belong to Dentalium novaki Koenen, 1892 (fide Cossmann 1892: 330). acutum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 574, pl. 45, figs 10, 11. Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Railway-cutting, Dixton West, near Gotherington, near Cheltenham, England, United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Dentalium acutum Hébert, 1849. Replacement names: Dentalium richardsoni Cossmann, 1907; Dentalium acutoides Emerson, 1954. † addicotti, Cadulus (Platyschides “?”) Emerson, 1957: 990, pl. 126, fig. 2. Miocene, Temblor stage. 1 mile SW of mouth of Kern River Gorge, Kern County, California, USA. Holotype UCMP 37584; paratypes UCMP 37585-UCMP 37589. † adelaidense, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Ludbrook, 1956: 4, pl. 1, fig. 1. Pliocene. Hindmarsh Bore and Dry Creek Sands, South Australia. Holotype SAM F 15141; 4 paratypes SAM. adenense, Dentalium (Dentalium) Ludbrook, 1954: 97, fig. 2. Recent. Gulf of Aden, John Murray Exp. stn 28, 12°00’N, 50°38’42”E, 201 m. Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.124; paratypes BMNH 1952.2.25.252-261, BMNH 1952.2.25.251 (stn 103, 101 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.262 (stn 180, 397 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.263-272 (stn 179B, 275 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.46-52 (stn 185, 2000 m). Dentalium adenense Ludbrook, 1954. Red Sea. 201-2000 m. Remark: BMNH 1952.3.25.124 carries the label “stn 185, 2000 m”. adenensis, Entalina Ludbrook, 1954: 112, fig. 17. Recent. Gulf of Aden, John Murray Exp. stn 185, 2000 m; 13°48’06”-36”N, 49°16’48”-24”E. Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.20; paratype BMNH 1952.3.25.21. Entalina adenensis Ludbrook, 1954. Known from type locality only. aegeum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 509, 510 [Watson 1886: 2, pl. 1, fig. 2]. Recent. Off London River, Kerguelen Islands, Challenger stn 149 (8), 48°50’S, 69°18’E, 110 fms [198 m]. Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.8. Fissidentalium aegeum (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 69). Indian Ocean. 882926 m. aenigmaticum, Dentalium Jordan, 1895: 264, 265, pl. 16, fig. 1. Recent. Faroe Channel, “cold area”, Triton stn 8 [60°18’N, 06°15’W, fide Warén 1980: 59], 640 fms [1174 m]; off West coast of Ireland, 1000 fms [1828 m]. Syntype(?) NMW. Junior synonym of Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851) (fide Friele & Grieg 1901: 49). † aequale, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 205, pl. 20, figs 5-7. Eocene. Paris Basin (Cuise-la-Motte, Laversine, Laon, Osly and Cuisy-en-Almont), France. Remark: a valid species of Antalis (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). aequalis, Cadulus Dall, 1881: 34. Recent. Off Tortugas, Blake stn 43, 24°08’N, 82°51’W, 339 fms [618 m]. Lectotype USNM 95373 (designated by ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Henderson 1920: 109); paralectotypes USNM 887455, MCZ 7740. Gadila aequalis (Dall, 1881) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 170). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Florida. 618 m. Remark: Turner (1955: 318) erroneously stated that MCZ 7740 was the holotype. aequatorialis, Cadulus (Gadila) Jaeckel, 1932: 311, 312, text-fig. 10. Recent. Off West Sumatra, Valdivia stn 191, 0°39.2’S, 98°52.3’E, 750 m. Lectotype ZMB 75372 (designated by Kilias 1995: 171); paralectotype ZMB 75373 (stn 256, off Somalia, 1°49’N, 45°29.5’E, 1134 m). Cadulus aequatorialis Jaeckel, 1932. Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Indonesia and New Caledonia. 7501915 m. aequatorium, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 112, 113, pl. 21, fig. 43. Recent. Off Manta, Ecuador, U.S. Fish Commission, stn 2792, 401 fms [720 m]. Holotype USNM 122759. Rhabdus aequatorius (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). Known from type locality only. aequicostata, Dentalium dentalis var. Foresti, 1895: 252. Pliocene. Ponticello in val di Savena, near Bologna, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium aequicostatum Koenen, 1892. Junior synonym of Antalis dentalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Remark: under ICZN (1999) articles 31.2 and 34.2, this species name must be emended to aequicostatum in order to agree in gender with Dentalium, which renders it a junior homonym. Its synonymy with Antalis dentalis, however, makes it unnecessary to introduce a replacement name. † aequicostatum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 981-983, pl. 59, figs 3, 4. Lower Oligocene. Lettorf, Calbe and Unseburg, Germany. affine, Dentalium Biondi, 1859: 120-122, pl. 1, fig. 7. Recent. Sicily, Italy. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42). affine, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 201, pl. 1, figs 1214. Eocene. Paris Basin (Parnes), France. Junior homonym of Dentalium affine Biondi, 1859. Replacement names: Dentalium xiphias Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898; Dentalium desmoulinsi Le Renard, 1994. affine, Dentalium Gabb, 1873: 244. Tertiary. Dominican Republic. Syntype ANSP 2711. Junior homonym of Dentalium affine Biondi, 1859, and Dentalium affine Deshayes, 1861. Replacement name: Dentalium gabbi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a. affine, Siphodentalium [sic] Gardner, 1878: 62, 63, pl. 3, figs 41-44. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone, England, United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Siphonodentalium affine M. Sars, 1865; replacement name: Entalina gardneri Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. affine, Siphonodentalium M. Sars, 1865a: 300, 301, pl. 6, figs 34, 35. Recent. Lofoten Islands [Norway], 100-300 fms [183-548 m]. Syntypes 559 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. SMNH 4625 (Lofoten, 200-300 fms [365-548 m]). Pulsellum affine (M. Sars, 1865) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 140). Northern Atlantic. 70-3400 m. africanum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1903: 224, 225, pl. 5, fig. 10. Recent. Natal, South Africa, north of Umtwalumi [Mtwalume] River, 25 fms [45 m]. Holotype BMNH 1903.7.27.54; paratypes BMNH 1903.7.27.55-56, SAFM A5489 (A5491), ZMB 59876, NMW. Graptacme africana (Sowerby, 1903) (fide Scarabino 1995: 244). Indian Ocean: South Africa, Madagascar. 45-384 m. agassizi, Dentalium (Dentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 26, 27, pl. 12, figs 90-94. Recent. Gulf of Panama, Albatross stn 3393, 7°15’N, 79°36’W, 1020 fms [1862 m]. Holotype USNM 122985; paratypes USNM 601273. Dentalium agassizi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897. Eastern Pacific: California to Panama. 757-2322 m. agassizii, Cadulus Dall, 1881: 35. Recent. South of Marquesas Key, Florida, Blake stn 5, 24°05’N, 82°13’W, 229 fms [418 m]. Holotype MCZ 7764. Synonym: Cadulus agassizii hatterasensis Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 (n. syn.). Gadila agassizii (Dall, 1881) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 168). Western Atlantic: Florida to Maine. 40545 m. Remark: Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55) places this in Polyschides. agile, Dentalium G. O. Sars, 1872: 31-34, pl. 3, figs 415 [ex M. Sars MS]. Nomen nudum in M. Sars (1869: 257 [14]). Recent. Lofoten Islands, Norway. Syntypes ZMO 32725, 25955-56, 26034 (16), 26035 (44). Name for Dentalium incertum sensu Philippi 1844, a junior homonym of Dentalium incertum Deshayes, 1825. Junior synonym: Dentalium fusticulus Brugnone, 1876 (fide Monterosato 1880: 64); Dentalium vagina Jeffreys, 1877 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 46). Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars, 1872) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 46). Eastern Atlantic: Iceland and Norway to Ascension Island, and North Africa, Mediterranean; Western Atlantic: Canada to Caribbean. 60-5000 m. agulhasense, Dentalium Plate, 1908a: 349, pl. 30, figs 21-23. Recent. Cap Agulhas [South Africa], Valdivia stn 95, 34°51’S, 19°37.8’E, 80 m. Lectotype ZMB 61087a (designated by Kilias 1995: 172); paralectotype ZMB 61087b. Junior synonym of Dentalium strigatum Gould, 1859 (fide Barnard 1974: 742). † akasakensis, Dentalium Hayasaka, 1925: 107, 108 [23, 24], pl. 8 [1], figs 17, 17a. Permian. Kinshozan, Akasaka-Machi, Mino province, Japan. Holotype Inst. Geol. Paleont., Tohoku Univ. (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209). † alatum, Dentalium Gardner, 1878: 60, 61, pl. 3, figs 16-20. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone, England, United Kingdom. † alazanum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Cooke, 1928: 9, pl. 2, figs 6, 6a. Oligocene. Alazan Clay, Rio Buena vista, west of Alazan, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 352709 (1). 560 alba, Dentalium scamnatum var. Locard, 1898: 110. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Dentalium scamnatum, a junior synonym of Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877) (B. Métivier, n. syn.). albicomatus, Cadulus Dall, 1890: 295, pl. 9, fig. 8. Recent. Off Manta, Ecuador, USFC stn 2792, 0°37’S, 81°W, 401 fms [731 m]. Syntypes USNM 602251, USNM 87539, SBMNH 35018 (2), AMNH 146292 (1). Striocadulus albicomatus (Dall, 1890) (fide Emerson 1962: 478). Eastern Pacific: Ecuador, Gulf of Panama. 731-3056 m. albida, Dentalium agile var. Locard, 1898: 118. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Antalis agilis (G.O. Sars, 1872). albida, Dentalium ergasticum var. Locard, 1898: 106. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Dentalium ergasticum P. Fischer, 1883, a junior synonym of Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877) (B. Métivier, n. syn.). albida, Dentalium rubescens var. Monterosato, 1875: 20; 1878: 76. Nomen nudum. albida, Dentalium semivestitum var. Locard, 1898: 109. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Fissidentalium semivestitum (P. Fischer in Locard, 1898). albina, Dentalium vulgare var. Monterosato, 1884: 32. Nomen nudum without type locality or description. albina, Pseudantalis rubescens var. Monterosato, 1884: 33. Nomen nudum without type locality or description. † aldrichi, Cadulus Gardner, 1933: 200, pl. 20, fig. 1. Eocene, Midway Group, Wills Point Formation. USGS stn 8245, Salado Creek, Bexar County, 5.3 miles SE of San Antonio, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 373066. Name for Cadulus subcoarctatus sensu Aldrich 1895. † alineatum, Dentalium Stephenson, 1952: 142, pl. 34, figs 1, 2. Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian, Woodbine Formation. Lamar County Locality 201, near old Slate Shoals, Red River, 8 miles east of Arthur City, Lamar County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 105603; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 105604-105606. alloschismum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) liodon var. Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 108, pl. 21, figs 40-42. Recent. St Martin [Caribbean]. Holotype ANSP 35552. Synonym of Fustiaria liodon (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) (fide Díaz 1989: 31, as Laevidentalium liodon “forma” alloschismum; generic placement fide Scarabino 1975: 185). Caribbean. 63-120 m (fide V. Scarabino, in litt. 5.XI.2001). alternans, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, fig. 17; 1850: 1. Type locality not specified. Type material not located. Nomen dubium. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) alternans, Dentalium J. Müller, 1851: 5, pl. 3, figs 1a, 1b. Cretaceous. Königsthore, Germany. Junior homonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu, 1843. Replacement name: Dentalium muellerianum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. alternans, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 71, 72, pl. 2, figs 45, 46. Cretaceous: Turonian. Visé, Belgium. Junior homonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu, 1843, and Dentalium alternans Müller, 1851; replacement name: Dentalium confusum Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. alternans, Dentalium Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882: 561-564, pl. 66, figs 7-9. Recent. Roussillon [Gulf of Lion, Mediterranean coast of France]. Junior homonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu, 1843. Replacement name: Dentalium inaequicostatum Dautzenberg, 1891. Antalis inaequicostata (Dautzenberg, 1891) (generic placement fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 52). Remark: Dentalium inaequicostatum is itself a junior homonym of Dentalium inaequicostata Seguenza, 1879. However, we prefer not to introduce yet another name for this taxon until its status is clear (see also Remarks for Antalis inaequicostata. Earlier replacement names turned out to be preoccupied: Dentalium dollfusi Cossmann, 1899 is a junior homonym of Dentalium dollfusi Koenen, 1883. Moreover, Cossmann was unaware of Dentalium inaequicostatum Dautzenberg, 1891 (fide Cossmann 1900b: 186). alternans, Antale dentale var. Sangiorgi, 1926: 119, pl. 7 [1], fig. 31 [ex Berti MS]. Neogene. Ponticella di Sàvena, near Bologna, Italy. Junior secondary homonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu, 1843, Dentalium alternans Müller, 1851, Dentalium alternans Ryckholt, 1851, and Dentalium alternans Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882. Replacement name: Dentalium sangiorgii Emerson, 1954. Antalis sangiorgii (Emerson, 1954) (fide Caprotti 1979: 237). alternatum, Dentalium Lea, 1833: 34, 35, pl. 1, fig. 2. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. Lectotype ANSP 5005 (designated by Palmer & Brann 1965: 369 as “holotype”); paralectotypes ANSP 5006 to 5014. Junior synonym of Dentalium thalloides Conrad, 1833 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 218). amaliense, Dentalium (Graptacme) Henderson, 1920: 71, pl. 11, figs 4, 5. Recent. St Thomas [Virgin Islands]. Holotype and paratype USNM 250088. Junior synonym of Graptacme eborea (Conrad, 1846) (fide Scarabino 1975: 185). † amalthei, Dentalium Engel, 1891: 34, pl. 3, fig. 11 [as nomen nudum in Engel 1890: 42]. Jurassic: Middle Liassic. Filsbetts near Eislingen, Germany. Laevidentalium amalthei (Engel, 1891) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 40, 44). ambiguum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 3, fig. 1; 1850: 1. Recent. Type locality unknown. Syntype(?) MHNG 1155/34 (fide Y. Finet in litt. 16.X.1996). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Laevidentalium(?) ambiguum (Chenu, 1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 100). Remark: Generic placement and systematic validity of this taxon are uncertain. americanum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, figs 9, 10; 1850: 1. Recent. “Côtes d’Amérique”. Syntype(?) MHNG 1155/15. Junior synonyms: Dentalium texasianum Philippi, 1849; Dentalium picteti Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897; Dentalium texasianum rioense Henderson, 1920; Dentalium texasianum cestum Henderson, 1920; Dentalium rebeccaense Henderson, 1920 (fide Scarabino 1975: 183). Paradentalium americanum (Chenu, 1843) n. comb. Western Atlantic and Caribbean: Florida to Brazil. 5-150 m. amiantus, Cadulus Dall, 1889: 431, pl. 27, fig. 7. Recent. Off Bahia Honda, Cuba, Blake stn 19, 23°03’N, 83°10’30”W, 310 fms [566 m]. Lectotype MCZ 7749 (designated by Henderson 1920: 128, 129, as “the type”); paralectotypes USNM 95378 (off Cape San Antonio, Cuba, 1002 fms [1829 m]); the other type specimen cited by Dall (off Cape Florida, 8 fms [15 m]) was not located. Gadila amianta (Dall, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 174). Western Atlantic: Caribbean. 15-1829 m. Remark: Henderson (1920: 113, 114) recognized that the original description of Cadulus amiantus Dall, 1889 encompassed two species; therefore, he described parvus for those specimens of “amiantus” that were not conspecific with amiantus s.s. amphialum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 510 [Watson 1886: 3, pl. 1, fig. 3]. Recent. Mouth of La Plata River, Challenger stn 323, 35°39’S, 50°47’W, 1900 fms [3468 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.9 (designated by Henderson 1920: 59 as “the type”); the second specimen mentioned by Watson was not found. Fissidentalium amphialum (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 71). Western Atlantic: Brazil. 1800-3740 m. amphora, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1883: 665, 666, pl. 49, figs 9-11. Recent. Porcupine 1870, Atlantic, stn 16, 54°19’N, 11°50’W, 816 fms [1489 m] (fide Warén 1980: 53, 57). Holotype BMNH 85.11.5.1286 (fide Warén 1980: 53). Cadulus amphora Jeffreys, 1883. Eastern Atlantic. 1489 m. ampullaceus, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 529 [Watson 1886: 23, pl. 3, fig. 11]. Recent. Culebra Island, West Indies, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30” W, 390 fms [712 m]. Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.93. Cadulus ampullaceus Watson, 1879. Western Atlantic: Caribbean. 320-3392 m. anatorum, see aratorum. † anceps, Dentalium J. Sowerby in Wetherell, 1837: 135, 136, pl. 8, fig. 17. Eocene. Lower Heath, Hampstead, London, Great Britain. Antalis anceps (J. Sowerby in Wetherell, 1837) (fide Newton & Harris 1894: 66, as “Entaliopsis”). anceps, Dentalium Vinassa de Regny, 1898: 185 [143], pl. 20 [7], figs 13-15 [ex Meneghini MS]. 561 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Oligocene. Via degli Orti and Valle Orgagna, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium anceps J. Sowerby, 1837. Replacement name: Dentalium vinassai Cossmann, 1912. andersoni, Polyschides Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 170, figs 174E, 175E, 180. Recent. Off Woollongong, New South Wales, Australia, 34°27’-26’S, 151°27’E, 1200 m. Holotype AMS C174896; paratypes AMS C169929 (22), AMS C173797 (2; 80 km south west of Cape Martin, South Australia, 37°50’-55’S, 139°15’-25’E, 1555 m), AMS C174895 (3; off Sydney, New South Wales, 33°31.33’S, 152°08-07’E, 914-907 m), AMS C169930 (1; off Sydney, New South Wales, 33°3739’S, 152°04.02’E, 924-896 m), AMS C169932 (9; east off Sydney, New South Wales, 33°35-37’S, 152°05’E, 1143-1106 m), AMS C169933 (3; off Nowra, New South Wales, 34°50’S, 151°15’E, 841 m), AMS C169934 (5; off Sydney, New South Wales, 33°35’S, 152°09’E, 1097 m), AMS C169988 (7; east of Sydney, New South Wales, 33°44’S, 151°57’E, 322 m). Polyschides andersoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: SE Australia. 153-1555 m. † andleri, Dentalium Oppel, 1856: 93. Jurassic. Near Vaihingen, Germany. Remark: Tate (1870b: 17) suggested that Dentalium andleri Oppel, 1856 “is probably a synonym” of Dentalium portlocki Tate, 1870 [Jurassic, Ireland], “but, assuming that the two names refer to the same species, the imperfect diagnosis of Oppel justifies me in discarding his name”. † andrewsi, Dentalium Cuvillier, 1933: 27, pl. 3, fig. 7. Eocene, Bartonian. Gebel Mokattam, east of Kaït-Bey, Egypt. † angelae, Prodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 41. Triassic. North of Launsdorf, Austria. Replacement name for Dentalium arctoides var. multicostata Gugenberger, 1934, a junior homonym of Dentalium multicostatum Favre, 1869. † angsananum, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1921: 479, pl. 60 [3], fig. 87. Miocene. Tji Angsana, near Njalindung, Java, Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7282 (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111). anguidens, Cadulus Melvill & Standen, 1898: 32, pl. 1, fig. 6. Recent. Off Madras, India. Syntypes Manchester Museum (fide Trew 1987: 24). Gadila anguidens (Melvill & Standen, 1898) (fide Scarabino 1995: 364). Indo-Pacific: India, Indonesia, Japan, Red Sea. 2-732 m. † angulare, Dentalium Kaunhowen, 1897: 13, pl. 1, fig. 1. Cretaceous, Maestrichtian. Kunraed, Germany. angulati, Dentalium Quenstedt, 1852: 443. Jurassic, Liassic. Europe. Nomen nudum. † angulatum, Dentalium Buckman in Murchison, 1845: 101. Jurassic, Pliensachian. Lias Marlstone, Alderton, Dumbleton and Stanway Hills, England, Great Britain. Remark: Engeser & Riedel (1992: 37) 562 concluded that “the description does not correspond with any known scaphopod genus”. angulatum, Dentalium Vinassa de Regny, 1897: 163 [ex Meneghini MS]. Tertiary. Roncà, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium angulatum Buckman in Murchison, 1845. Remarks: Vinassa de Regny considered the single, incomplete shell only to be a new form. We prefer not to introduce a replacement name for this dubious species. † angusticostatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Baluk, 1972: 556, 557, pl. 1, figs 6-8, text-figs 5a-c. Miocene, Lower Tortonian (Badenian). Korytnica, 24 km south-southwest of Kielce, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Holotype and paratypes, Baluk collection. angustior, Cadulus Verco, 1911a: 211, 212, pl. 26, figs 5, 5a, b. Recent. 18 miles SE of Newland Head, outside Backstairs Passage, South Australia, 26 fms [48 m]. Holotype SAM D 13728; possible paratype NMW. Gadila angustior (Verco, 1911) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 150). South Australia. 24667 m. angustistriatum, Paradentalium Chistikov, 1979a: 110, 111, fig. 2. Recent. Vietnam, Orlik T.13, 18°00’N, 109°16’E, 47 m. Holotype MMSU. Paradentalium angustistriatum Chistikov, 1979. Indo-Pacific: Vietnam. 22-151 m. † angustum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 210, 211, pl. 1, figs 1-3. Eocene. Paris Basin (Grignon, Parnes, Fontenay-Saint-Père, Mouchy, Mouy and Vaudancourt), France. Remark: a valid species of Antalis (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). † anisicum, Dentalium Schnetzer, 1934: 32, pl. 1, figs 7-10. Middle Triassic, Anisian. Saalfelden, Austria. † annectens, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925: 210, pl. 28, fig. 11. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 353077. annulare, Dentalium Sowerby, 1829: 199. Recent. East Indies. Types not located in BMNH. Junior synonym of Laevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 116). annulata, Dentalium McClelland, 1834. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. annulata, Entaliopsis Newton & Harris, 1894: 67, pl. 6, fig. 1. Eocene, London Clay. Portsmouth, Southampton and Primrose Hill, England, Great Britain. Secondary junior homonym of Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791; Dentalium annulatum Cristofori & Jan, 1832; Dentalium annulatum Sandberger, 1842; Dentalium annulatum Meyer, 1886; and Entalis annulatum Tate, 1887; replacement name: Dentalium entaliopsis Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Junior synonym of Antalis constricta (Newton & Harris, 1894) (fide Jeffery & Tracey 1997: 90, 91). † annulatum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citing Guettard (Mineral. Belustig. 4 t. 5 f. 3)]. [Fossil]. Type locality not specified. Remarks: Sacco (1897: 112) listed two Italian citations to this species as a ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) potential senior synonym of Dentalium (Fustiaria) jani Hörnes, 1856. We have not found the publication of Guettard as cited by Gmelin. annulatum, Dentalium Cristofori & Jan, 1832: 2. [Fossil]. Italy. Types not located. Junior homonym of Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791. Sacco (1897: 112) listed this name together with Dentalium annulatum Gmelin as a potential senior synonym of Dentalium (Fustiaria) jani Hörnes, 1856. We, thus, do not propose a replacement name until the relationships of these taxa are revised. annulatum, Dentalium Jay, 1850. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. annulatum, Dentalium Sandberger & Sandberger, 1856: 240, pl. 26, figs 20, 20a. Nomen nudum in Sandberger (1842: 399). Carboniferous. Villmar (“Stringocephalenkalk”), Germany. Junior homonym of Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791; Dentalium annulatum Cristofori & Jan, 1832. Replacement name: Dentalium annuliferum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. annulatum, Dentalium Meyer, 1886: 64, 65, pl. 1, fig. 1. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 638812 (as “holotype” in Palmer & Brann 1965: 365). Junior homonym of Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791; Dentalium annulatum Cristofori & Jan, 1832; Dentalium annulatum Sandberger & Sandberger, 1856. Replacement name Dentalium parannulatum n. nom. Remark: Hodgkinson (1974: 20) concluded that this species “probably is valid”, having rejected the conclusion of Palmer (1937: 19) that it was the juvenile stage of Dentalium minutistriatum Gabb, 1860. However, neither Palmer nor Hodgkinson renamed this junior homonym. annulatum, Dentalium Kokay, 1966: 67, 113, pl. 10, fig. 15. Miocene, Tortonian. Bakony, Hungary. Holotype Hungarian Geological Collection, M.279. Junior homonym of Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791, Dentalium annulatum Cristofori & Jan, 1832, Dentalium annulatum Sandberger & Sandberger, 1856, Dentalium annulatum Meyer, 1886; replacement name: Dentalium bakoniense Palmer, 1974. annulatum, Entalis Tate, 1887: 191, 192, pl. 20, figs 6a, 6b. Miocene. Muddy Creek, Victoria, Australia. Holotype and 3 paratypes SAM T 250A. Junior secondary homonym of Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791. Replacement name: Dentalium australis Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Laevidentalium australe (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) (fide Ludbrook 1959: 145). † annulatus, Cadulus Pilsbry, 1911: 168. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica. Syntype ANSP 649. Polyschides annulatus (Pilsbry, 1911) (fide Woodring 1925: 207, 208, as Cadulus (Polyschides) annulatus). annulatus, Dentalites Krueger, 1823: 312. [Fossil]. Paris, France. Remark: this taxon might correspond to Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791; but Krueger did not cite Gmelin. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) † annuliferum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 229. Carboniferous. Villmar (“Stringocephalenkalk”), Germany. Replacement name for Dentalium annulatum Sandberger & Sandberger, 1856, a junior homonym of Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791. † annulopunctatum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902: 180, pl. 31, fig. 39. Eocene. Fresville, Cotentin, France. † annulostriatum, Dentalium Meek & Worthen, 1871: 45. Carboniferous. Danville, Illinois, USA. annulosum, see anulosum. † anomalocostata, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata “?” var. Sacco, 1897: 110, pl. 9, fig. 57 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Type material not mentioned by Ferrero Mortara et al. (1984: 308). † anomalum, Dentalium (Entalina) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 171, 172, pl. 2, figs 19, 20. Miocene, Helvetian. Saint-Martin-de-Hinx, France. antarcticus, Cadulus dalli var. Odhner, 1931: 5-7, pl. 1, figs 5-7, 9, 11, 13, 14; pl. 2, fig. 18-21, 24, 25. Recent. Graham Region, Swedish Antarctic Exp. stn 8, 64°05’S, 56°37’W, 360 m; stn 11, 65°19’S, 56°48’W, 400 m. Syntypes SMNH 4196 (fide Sandberg & Warén 1993: 122). Synonym of Siphonodentalium dalli (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) (fide Steiner & Linse 2000: 21-25). Antarctica. 130-695 m. † antarctotubulus, Cadulus (Gadila) Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992: 174, pl. 25, figs q, r. Lower Tertiary, La Meseta Formation. IPS locality 443, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 441875; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 441876, 441877. antillarum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1853: 202, pl. 25, figs 10-13. Recent. Saint-Thomas [Virgin Islands]. Syntypes BMNH.10.4.467 (2). Antalis antillaris (d’Orbigny, 1853) (fide Henderson 1920: 44). Western Atlantic and Caribbean: Florida to Brazil. 1-300 m. † antiquum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 2, pl. 166, fig. 2. Devonian? Eifel Mountain, Germany. antiquum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. antverpiense, Dentalium Goddeeris, 1978: 70, 72. Miocene. Belgium. Nomen nudum. anulata, Dentalium entalis var. Jeffreys, 1865: 192. Recent. British Islands. Type material not located. Synonym of Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758). anulosum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 58. Recent. Princess Charlotte Bay, Queensland, NE Australia, 13 fms [24 m]. Lectotype AMS C170759 (designated by Ponder & Stanbury 1972: 53) and 1 paralectotype. Junior synonym of Episiphon subtorquatum (Fischer, 1871) (fide Scarabino 1995: 286). Remarks: Lamprell & Healy (1998: 104) considered anulosum to be a valid species of Omniglypta. Dentalium annulosum [Hedley 1901: 129] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. 563 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. apenninica, Dentalium (Entalis) cf. acuta “?” var. Sacco, 1897: 106, 107, pl. 9, figs 14-16 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Oligocene. Dego, Piedmont Basin [Italy]. Lectotype MRSN BS.106.03.008 (designated by Bonci et al. 2000: 206, 207, pl. 1, fig. 4); paralectotypes MRSN BS.106.03.009, DSTRG 1173/Sa-II-S10 (1), DSTRG 2105/Sa-II-S48 (1). Junior synonym of Antalis acuta (Hébert, 1849) (fide Bonci et al. 2000: 206, 207, pl. 1, fig. 4). † apicostatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Vokes, 1939: 105, pl. 16, fig. 25. Eocene, Domengine Formation. UCMP locality 672, southern portion of the crest of Parson’s Peak, Coalinga Quadrangle, California, USA. Holotype UCMP 15747. † applanatum, Dentalium Torley, 1908: 43. Devonian. Schleddenhofes, near Iserlohn, Germany. applanatum, Dentalium (Bathoxiphus) Colman, 1958: 145, fig. 12. Recent. 35 miles E of Sydney, 1463 m. Holotype AMS C22652; paratypes AMS C170645 (24). Junior homonym of Dentalium applanatum Torley, 1908. Replacement name: Dentalium colmani (Palmer, 1974b: 124). Rhomboxiphus colmani (Palmer, 1974) (fide Chistikov 1983: 183). aprinum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1767: 1263. [No references given]. Recent. Indian Ocean. Possible syntype LS 611. Junior synonyms: Dentalium striatum Born, 1778 partim; Dentalium striatulum Gmelin, 1791; Dentalium lupinum Röding, 1798 partim; Dentalium caprinum Anton, 1838 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 3); Dentalium interstriatum Sowerby, 1860 (fide Habe 1964: 6, 7); Dentalium aprinum incolor Boissevain, 1906. Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1767. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Philippines, New Caledonia and Australia. 5-123 m. † aquensis, Gadila Holzapfel, 1888: 179, pl. 20, fig. 8. Cretaceous. Near Vaals, Netherlands. Cadulus aquensis (Holzapfel, 1888) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 255). † arabicum, Dentalium Cuvillier, 1933: 27, 28, pl. 3, fig. 8. Eocene, Bartonian. Gebel Giouch, east of Citadelle du Caire, Egypt. aratorum, Dentalium Cooke, 1885: 273, 274. Recent. Gulf of Suez, 10-30 fms [18-55 m]. Syntypes UMZC I.100,740. Junior synonym of Dentalium clavus Cooke, 1885 (fide Boissevain 1906: 25, as Dentalium macandrewi). Remark: Singer (2003) removed D. clavus along with this species from the synonymy of D. reevei Fischer, 1871. Dentalium anatorum [Sharabati 1984: caption to pl. 1] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † aratum, Dentalium Tate, 1887: 192, pl. 20, fig. 8. Miocene. River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan; Muddy Creek; Schnapper Point; Muloowurtie yellow clays near Ardrossan, Australia. Holotype and 25 paratypes SAM T 256A. Paradentalium aratum (Tate, 1887) (fide Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938: 223, 224); Dentalium (Dentalium) aratum Tate, 1887 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 140). 564 aratus, Cadulus Hedley, 1899: 551, fig. 60. Recent. Funafuti Atoll, Pacific Ocean, 60 m. Syntypes AMS C5635, AMS C5636, AMS C5638. Cadulus aratus Hedley, 1899. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to New Caledonia. 45-460 m. † araucanum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 107, pl. 12, fig. 17; 1887b: 101, 102, pl. 12, fig. 17. Tertiary. Lebu, Chile. † archiaci, Dentalium Tournouër in de Boullé, 1873: 443 [17], 465 [39], pl. 6, fig. 10; 1876: 265, 275. Eocene, Auversien. Biarritz, France. † arciformis, Dentalium Conrad, 1846a: 212, pl. 1, fig. 3. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. Junior synonym: Dentalium leai Meyer, 1885 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 199). † arcotinum, Dentalium Forbes, 1846: 138, pl. 12, fig. 16. Cretaceous. Pondicherry, India. Remark: Tate (1889: 230) inadequately used this name for a species that was later described as Fustiaria wollumbillaensis (Etheridge in Jack & Etheridge, 1892) (fide Stilwell 1999: 220). † arcticus, Cadulus Dall, 1920: 30, pl. 5, fig. 8. Pliocene. USGS station 7070, Carter Creek, Camden Bay region, Arctic coast, Alaska, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 324322 (designated by MacNeil 1957: 107, pl. 12, fig. 27, as “holotype”); paralectotypes USNM Paleobiology. Siphonodentalium “?” arcticus (Dall, 1920) (fide Emerson 1957: 986). Remark: Emerson (1957: 986) also cited USNM 324322 as the “holotype” and refered to “paratypes unnumbered”. † arctoides, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934: 42, 43, pl. 1, fig. 14 [nomen nudum in Gugenberger 1933a: 102; 1933b: 184]. Triassic. North of Launsdorf, Austria. Prodentalium arctoides (Gugenberger, 1934) (fide Stiller 2001: 630). † arctum, Dentalium Pichler, 1857: 695. Triassic. Tirol, Austria. Prodentalium arctum (Pichler, 1857) (fide Stiller 2001: 630). † arcturus, Calstevenus Yancey, 1973: 1063, 1064, text-fig. 1a-1f. Lower Permian, Arcturus Group, Riepetown Formation. Buck Mountain, south of the Ruby Range, White Pine County, eastern Nevada, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 179130; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 179131-179135. arctus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 124, pl. 19, fig. 19. Recent. Off Cape San Blas, Florida, USBF stn 2404, 28°44’N, 85°16’W, 60 fms [109 m]. Holotype USNM 323955; paratypes USNM 151830, AMNH 148348 (1). Gadila arctus (Henderson, 1920). West Atlantic, Caribbean. 109 m. arcuata, Cadulus olivi var. Locard, 1898: 134, pl. 7, figs 8, 9. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Polyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835). arcuata, Cadulus tumidosus var. Locard, 1898: 143. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Cadulus tumidosus Jeffreys, 1877. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) arcuata, Dentalium agile var. Locard, 1898: 118. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars, 1872). arcuatum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citing Gualtieri 1742: t. 10. f. G]. Recent. Type locality not specified. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 2). † arenarium, Dentalium Römer, 1855: 13, pl. 3, fig. 16. Paleozoic? Spirifer-Sandstone, near Schalke, Harz Mountains, Germany. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 230) suggested that this taxon “may prove to be a Pteropod, Coleolus”. arenarium, Dentalium (Episiphon) Suter, 1907: 214, 215, pl. 18, fig. 11. Recent. Port Pegasus, Stewart Island, New Zealand, 18 fms [33 m]. Holotype NZGS TM1219 (fide Boreham 1959: 75) ; paratypes SAM D 16001(fide Zeidler & Macphail 1978: 83), ZMB 61911 (fide Kilias 1995: 172). Junior homonym of Dentalium arenarium Römer, 1855. Replacement name: Dentalium suteri Emerson, 1954: 185. Antalis suteri (Emerson, 1954) (fide Dell 1957: 573). arguticosta, Dentalium Brugnone, 1878: 25. Tertiary. Monte Pellegrino and Ficarazzi, Italy. Junior synonym of Antalis panorma (Chenu, 1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 54; Bellini 1909: 226). arietinum, Dentalium Müller, 1776. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † armillatum, Dentalium Toula, 1911: 496, pl. 31, fig. 8. Miocene. Gatun, Panama. Type material not located. Synonym: Dentalium armillatum proterum Woodring, 1973. Remark: Woodring (1973: 482) gave “Technische Hochschule, Vienna” as type depository; this could not be verified. † armoricense, Siphonodentalium Cossmann, 1902: 109 [159], pl. 10 [15], figs 26, 27. Eocene. Le BoisGouët and Arthon, France. arnaudi, Polyschides Scarabino, 1995: 338, 339, figs 141, 147b, h. Recent. West Indian Ocean, MD 32 Réunion, stn DC 124, 20°52’S, 55°37’E, 40 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (13), USNM 890855 (1); NM (1). Polyschides arnaudi Scarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean: Madagascar, La Réunion. 40-980 m. arne, Cadulus (Platyschides) rushii Henderson, 1920: 118, pl. 18, fig. 9. Recent. Off New Jersey [USA], USBF stn 2234, 30°09’N, 72°03’05”W, 810 fms [1478 m]. Holotype and 5 paratypes USNM 314729. Synonym of Polyschides rushii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). Western Atlantic: New Jersey, Massachusetts. 360-1796 m. † arnoensis, Polyschides Maxwell, 1992: 188, pl. 9, figs e, f. Eocene. NZGS locality GS9480 and GS9508, Waihao River, near McCulloch’s Bridge, South Canterbury, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM7232; paratypes NZGS (2). arnoldi, Laevidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 111, 112, figs 112B, 113D, 116. Recent. Off ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m. Holotype QM MO53676; paratypes QM MO17768 (189; northern Queensland, 17°21.77’S, 146°48.5’E, 303 m), QM MO17971 (27; 17°21.06’S, 147°02.5’E, northern Queensland, 303 m), QM MO17996 (15; 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m), QM MO53677 (202; 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m), QM MO17892 (45; 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m), QM MO17996 (56; northern Queensland, 17°21.77’S, 146°48.5’E, 303 m), AMS C201737 (2 lots: 229; east of Innisfail, Queensland, 17°21.77’S, 146°48.52’E, 296-303 m; many; 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m), AMS C310225 (2; east of North West Island, Queensland, 23°15.2’S, 152°24.1’E, 284 m). Laevidentalium arnoldi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: NE Australia. 155-1224 m. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the status of L. arnoldi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-àvis L. houbricki Scarabino, 1995 requires further research. † arrosus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925: 210, pl. 28, fig. 12. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 353078. artatus, Cadulus Locard [ex Jeffreys MS], 1897a: 4 (nomen nudum in Jeffreys 1880: 317). Recent. Bay of Biscay, 1019-2651 m. Type material not located. Cadulus artatus Locard, 1897. Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Angola. 1019-2651 m. asgum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890: 171, pl. 17, figs 22-24. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama. Type material lost (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 369). Junior synonym of Dentalium thalloides Conrad, 1833 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 218). † ashiyaensis, Dentalium Nagao, 1928: 88, 89, pl. 14, figs 38-44. Paleocene. Sakamizu beds (Sakamizu) and Wakita beds (Wakita), Shimago-mura, Ongagun, Chikuzen Province, Kyushu, Japan. Holotype and paratype Inst. Geol. Paleont., Tohoku Univ. (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209). asperum, Dentalium Michelotti, 1847: 144, pl. 5, figs 20, 21. Miocene. Tortone, Italy. Junior synonym of Coccodentalium radula (Gmelin, 1791) (fide Sacco 1897: 111, pl. 10, figs 7-15). Dentalium aspersum [Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. asperum, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 53, pl. 5, fig. 7. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-080. Junior homonym of Dentalium asperum Michelotti, 1847. Replacement name: Dentalium bruneti n. nom. aspersum, see asperum Michelotti, 1847. † asphaltodes, Dentalium (Dentalium) Beets, 1943: 307, pl. 29, figs 110-112. Upper Oligocene. Waisiu, Buton Island, Indonesia. † astensis, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco, 1897: 104, pl. 8, figs 72, 73 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Astigiana, Italy. 565 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.063, BS.106.02.064 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306). † astensis, Dentalium (Fustiaria) polita var. Sacco, 1897: 112, pl. 10, fig. 24. Pliocene. Astigiano, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.06.001 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 309). † atava, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var. Sacco, 1897: 102, pl. 8, fig. 56 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.048 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 304). † atavus, Cadulus (Gadila) Finlay & Marwick, 1937: 111, pl. 15, fig. 20. Eocene. Castle Hill Shaft, Matau, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM4815 (fide Keyes 1972: 97). Cadulus (s.l.) atavus Finlay & Marwick, 1937 (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424). atlanticus, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 137139, pl. 20, fig. 2. Recent. Off Nantucket Island [Massachusetts, USA], USBF stn 2682, 39°38’N, 70°22’W, 1004 fms [1830 m]. Holotype USNM 78238; paratypes USNM 78238 (3), MCZ 186815 (1), AMNH 148338 (2; USBF stn 2115, 843 fms [1538 m]). Cadulus atlanticus Henderson, 1920. Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to Delaware, USA. 780-1934 m. atlantideus, Cadulus (Dischides) Nicklès, 1955: 100, 101, fig. 5. Recent. Guinea, Atlantide stn 44, 10°22’N, 16°22’W, 41-55 m. Syntypes ZMUC. Dischides atlantideus (Nicklès, 1955). Eastern Atlantic: Guinea, Mauritania. 9-55 m. atramentum, Dentalium Schlüter, 1838: 39. “Fossil”. Nomen nudum. attenuata, Cadulus olivi var. Locard, 1898: 134. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Polyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835). attenuata, Cadulus cyathus var. Monterosato, 1875: 21 (1872: 27, as Cadulus ovulum var. attenuata, nomen nudum). Recent. Ficarazzi (Palermo) [Pleistocene of Italy] and Mediterranean. Cadulus attenuatus Monterosato, 1875 (fide Di Geronimo & La Perna 1997: 417, in remarks to Cadulus ovulum). Mediterranean. No bathymetric data. Remarks: introduced as a nomen nudum, the name is later referred to the Pliocene species Cadulus cyathus (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832), by Monterosato (1875: 21), Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 158) and Caprotti (1968: 78). Here, the decision of Di Geronimo & La Perna (1997: 417) is favoured, keeping C. attenuatus separate from C. cyathus and C. ovulum. attenuata, Dentalium vulgare var. Monterosato, 1884: 32. Recent. Mediterranean. Nomen nudum. † attenuatum, Dentalium Say, 1824: 154, 155, pl. 8, fig. 3. Miocene. Maryland, USA. Type material in BMNH Palaeontology (fide Newton 1902: 304). Junior synonym: Dentalium duodecenaria Conrad, 1862 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 199). attenuatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 99, pl. 225, fig. 40. Recent. Type locality not specified. Type 566 material not located. Junior homonym of Dentalium attenuatum Say, 1824. Episiphon attenuatum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 120). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 120) stated that their Dentalium (Episiphon) longum may be a junior synonym of this species. Since the locality is unknown for both species, these names are of dubious value, and we prefer not to rename the junior homonym. † aturensis, Pseudantalis Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 179, 180, pl. 1, figs 67-72. Miocene, Burdigalian and Helvetian. Dax (Maïnot), Saint-Paul-lès-Dax, and Salies-de-Béarn, Clermont (Landes), France. austinclarki, Cadulus (Platyschides) Emerson, 1951: 24-26. Recent. Santa Inez Bay, Baja California [Mexico], W around Santa Inez Point, 6-12 feet [24 m]. Holotype USNM 602347; paratypes USNM 602347, SBMNH 35021. Gadila austinclarki (Emerson, 1951). Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Panama, Galapagos. 2-73 m. austini, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 31-33, figs 20E, 21E, 27. Recent. Cullen Beach, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype MV F75838; paratypes MV F67466 (18), MV F67474 (13; Cameron Beach, Shoal Bay, Darwin), MV F67469 (16), AMS C172543 (13; Dudley Point, on mud flats [Northern Territory, Australia]), AMS C172539 (5; east end Cullen Beach, Darwin [Australia]), AMS C172540 (14; Port Darwin [Australia]), AMS C380639 (2; Mindel Beach, Darwin [Australia], low tide), WAM 106-93 (1; off Eagle Bay [Australia], 32 m). Dentalium austini Lamprell & Healy, 1998. IndoPacific: northern Australia. 0-32 m. australasiae, Siphonodentalium Boissevain, 1906: 64, pl. 6, fig. 68. Recent. Banda Sea, Siboga stn 211, 5°40.7’S, 120°45.5’E, 1158 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.087. Siphonodentalium australasiae Boissevain, 1906. Known from type locality only. † australis, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 199. Miocene. Muddy Creek, Victoria, Australia. Holotype and 3 paratypes SAM T 250A. Replacement name for Entalis annulatum Tate, 1887, a junior secondary homonym of Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791. Laevidentalium australe (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) (fide Ludbrook 1959: 145, pl. 2, fig. 1). badenense, see badense. † badense, Dentalium Hörnes, 1856: 652, 653, pl. 50, fig. 30 [ex Partsch MS]. Miocene. Baden, Austria. Lectotype NMW 1846.37.534 (designated by Pavia 1991: 147); paralectotypes NMW (10). Fissidentalium badense (Hörnes, 1856) (fide Pavia 1991: 146-148, pl. 5, fig. 4, pl. 6, fig. 6). Remarks: Trautschold (1859: 313, pl. 6, figs 4a-4c) erroneously identified a species from the Oligocene around Aral Sea as Dentalium badense which was later named Dentalium trautscholdi Koenen, 1868. Dentalium (Entalis) badenense “Ptsch.” [Boettger, 1902: 181] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) † bakoniense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 124. Miocene, Tortonian. Bakony, Hungary. Holotype Hungarian Geological Collection, M.279. Replacement name for Dentalium annulatum Kokay, 1966, a junior homonym of Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791, D. annulatum Cristofori & Jan, 1832, D. annulatum Sandberger & Sandberger, 1856, and D. annulatum Meyer, 1886. balanoides, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Plate, 1908a: 357, pl. 30, figs 42-44. Recent. Valdivia stn 186, 03°22.1’S, 101°11.5’E, 903 m, West Sumatra. Holotype ZMB 61109. Calliodentalium balanoides (Plate, 1908) (fide Scarabino 1995: 275). IndoPacific: Indonesia, Philippines, New Caledonia. 187-903 m. bambusa, Anulidentalium Chistikov, 1975: 19. Recent. Tonkin Bay, Vietnam, Pelamida stn 38, 72 m. Lectotype ZIN 1 (designated by Chistikov 1979: 113); paralectotype ZIN (Pelamida stn 2, 87 m). Anulidentalium bambusa Chistikov, 1975. Indo-Pacific: Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia. 38270 m. banale, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Boissevain, 1906: 55, pl. 6, fig. 30. Recent. Indonesia, Timor Sea, Siboga stn 300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.068 (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 114); paralectotype ZMA 3.06.069 (1). Laevidentalium banale (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe & Kosuge 1964: 7). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to West Australia. 0-918 m. Remarks: Scarabino (1995: 292) considered this species to be a junior synonym of Laevidentalium leptosceles (Watson, 1879), an opinion rejected by Lamprell & Healy (1998: 184). Ludbrook (1954: 105) mentioned a “holotype” but did not indicate which of the 2 specimens she referred to; thus, the lectotype selection by Lamprell & Healy (1998) is considered valid. bandata, Dentalia Perry, 1811: caption to pl. 52. Type locality not specified. Nomen dubium. No information on type material. † bandeli, Prodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 43, 44, pl. 1, figs 1-3, text-fig. 1. Jurassic, Middle Liassic, Pliensbachian. Hoisdorf, SchleswigHolstein, Germany. Holotype GPIMH 2516/1; paratype GPIMH 2516/2. † bangtoupoensis, Laevidentalium Stiller, 2001: 620623, figs 3, 5.1-5.4. Upper Anisian, Middle Triassic. Bangtoupo, NNE of Qingyan, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Holotype GPIM B6D1.S1.Fbt-1; paratypes GPIM B6D-1.S1.Fbt-2, GPIM B6D-1.S1.Fbt-3, GPIM B6D-1.S1.F30:321, GPIM B6D-1.S1.Fbt-4. barbadensis, Cadulus (Cadulus) transitorius Henderson, 1920: 144, pl. 19, fig. 7. Recent. Sandy Bay, Barbados, 100 fms [183 m]. Holotype USNM 95375. Junior synonym of Cadulus transitorius Henderson, 1920. Remarks: MCZ 7744 (Blake, off Barbados, 100 fms) was labeled by Henderson as being a “cotype” of barbadensis, but this specimen ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) was not mentioned in the original description and is neither a syntype nor a paratype. Turner (1955: 318) cited this specimen as a “paratype” even though she recognized that it was not cited by Henderson. † barquense, Dentalium “?” Winchell, 1862: 425. Carboniferous, Huron Group. Pointe aux Barques, Michigan, USA. Remarks: Winchell (1865: 131), based upon examination of additional specimens, questioned whether this species might actually represent “corals with very large hollow axes”. † barremicum, Dentalium Cossmann, 1916: 31, pl. 2, figs 4, 5. Cretaceous, Barremian. Gisement des Augustines, near Brouzet-les-Alais, Gard, France. barremicus, Dentalium Sasonova, 1958: 131, 132, pl. 13, figs 1-3, pl. 14, fig. 2, pl. 15, fig. 2. Cretaceous, Barremian. River Kubre, near Volga River, Russia. Junior homonym of Dentalium barremicum Cossmann, 1916. Replacement name: Dentalium kubraense Palmer, 1974. bartletti, Dentalium (Antalis) Henderson, 1920: 55, 56, pl. 8, figs 2, 7. Recent. Off Frederickstadt, St Cruz, Blake stn 130, 451 fms [825 m]. Holotype USNM 224986; paratypes USNM 93121 (1; off Cape Fear, North Carolina, USBF stn 2616, 17 fms [31 m]), USNM 93840 (9; between Mississippi Delta and Cedar Keys, USBF stn 2398, 227 fms [141 m]), USNM 94081 (1; Off Arrowsmith Bank, Yucatan, USBF stn 2355, 399 fms [728 m]), USNM 95368 (3; NW of Tortugas, Blake stn 44, 539 fms [984 m]), USNM 95369 (1; Martinique, Blake stn 211, 357 fms [652 m]), USNM 95370 (1; off Morro Light, Habana, Blake stn 100, 400 fms [730 m]), USNM 95371 (11; St Vincent, West Indies, Blake stn 230, 464 fms [847 m]), USNM 314449, 314450 (2; off Fowey Light, Florida, Eolis stn 353, 85 fms [155 m]), USNM 323776 (1; off Cape San Blas, Florida, USBF stn 2399, 196 fms [358 m]), USNM 330524 (1; off Cape Florida, Florida, USBF stn 2644, 193 fms [352 m]), AMNH 148300, 148301 (2; off St Vincent Island, Blake stn 230, 13°13’20”N, 61°18’45”W, 464 fms [847 m]). Antalis bartletti (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic and Caribbean. 30-1000 m. bartonense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 125. Eocene. London, England, Great Britain. Replacement name for Dentalium striatum J. Sowerby, 1814, a junior homonym of Dentalium striatum Born, 1778. Junior objective synonym of Dentalium acuticostatum Deshayes, 1825 (n. syn.). Remarks: Palmer (1974b: 125) proposed Dentalium bartonense as a replacement name, apparently being unaware that Deshayes had already renamed this species. Used as a valid species of Antalis by Le Renard (1995: 175) and Le Renard & Pacaud (1995: 86), who were unaware that it was an objective junior synonym. † basteroti, Entalis Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 178, 179, pl. 1, figs 42-45. Miocene, Burdigalian and 567 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Aquitanian. Mérignac (le Pontic), Dax (Maïnot), Saint-Médard (La Fontaine), Cestas, Saint-Paul-lèsDax, Léognan (Thibaudeau), Canéjean, Martillac (Pas-de-Barreau), and Pessac (Lorient), France. † batheri, Dentalium Finlay, 1927: 521. Carboniferous. New Zealand. Replacement name for Dentalium huttoni Bather, 1905, a junior homonym of Dentalium huttoni Kirk, 1880. beachportensis, Tesseracme Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. bednalli, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 248. Recent. St Vincent’s Gulf, South Australia. Holotype ANSP 72554. Junior synonym of Paradentalium intercalatum (Gould, 1859) (fide Verco 1904: 135). beecheyi, Pulsellum Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 146, 147, figs 150C, 151C, D, 153. Recent. 200 km North of Croker Island, Northern Territory, Australia, 9°14’S, 132°54’E, 145 m. Holotype AMS C174890; paratypes AMS C172289 (6), AMS C172288 (2; 17°34’S, 120°22’E, c. 212 km NW of Roebuck Bay, Western Australia, 188 m), AMS C172293 (7; 9°18’S, 133°38’E, 230 km N of Goulburn Island, Northern Territory, 135 m), AMS C172296 (4; 9°24’S, 133°02’E, 180 km N of Croker Island, Northern Territory, 125 m). Pulsellum beecheyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. IndoPacific: northern Australia. 18-256 m. Remark: the latitude of the type locality in the original description, “29°14’S,” is apparently an error for 9°14’S. belcheri, Cadulus (Dischides) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 145, pl. 26, figs 84-87. Recent. North Pacific. Holotype USNM 107703. Dischides belcheri Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. North Pacific: Japan. 0-50 m. belcheri, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 101, pl. 224, figs 28, 29. Recent. East Indian Archipelago [Indonesia]. Lectotype BMNH 1996077/1 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 201, “[...] the largest (25 mm) of the 3 syntypes BMNH”); paralectotypes BMNH 1996077/2 + 3. Junior synonym of Dentalium variabile Deshayes, 1825 (fide Habe 1963: 258). Remark: Tomlin (1931: 337) placed Dentalium belcheri in the synonymy of Dentalium strigatum Gould, 1859. belcheri, Prodentalium Nassichuk & Hodgkinson, 1976. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † bellulus, Cadulus Clark, 1895: 5; 1896: 72, pl. 14, fig. 6. Eocene. Woodstock, Hanoverville, Virginia, USA. † benoisti, Gadila Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 182, 183, pl. 2, figs 1-3. Miocene. Giraudeau, France. Replacement name for Gadus ventricosus Benoist, 1873, a junior homonym of Cadulus ventricosus (Bronn, 1828). Junior synonym: Gadila benoisti houtalensis (Goddeeris, 1977) (fide Janssen 1984: 117, 118, pl. 42, figs 18a, 18b). berryi, Dentalium Smith & Gordon, 1948: 216, 217, pl. 3, figs 1, 4. Recent. Monterey Bay; Monterey 568 Co., Humpback Reef [California], 40 fms [73 m]. Holotype CAS 065592; paratypes SBMNH 35020, CAS 065593 (1), CAS 065594 (2), CAS 065595 (1; Monterey County, off Cabrillo Point, near bell buoy, 20 fms [37 m]), ANSP 185227 (1; near bell buoy, Pacific Grove, Monterey Bay, California, 36°36’N, 121°56’W). Antalis berryi (Smith & Gordon, 1948) (fide Emerson in Turgeon 1988: 50). Eastern Pacific, California. 37-73 m. Remark: Keen (1971: 884) listed Dentalium (Antalis) pretiosum berryi as a southern subspecies of Antalis pretiosa. This indicates a possible synonymy of A. berryi (Smith & Gordon, 1948) with D. indianorum Carpenter, 1864 and A. denseliratum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898, both names for the southern variety or subspecies of A. pretiosa . Further research is required to decide whether or not A. denseliratum is a senior synonym of A. berryi. bicarinatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 364, pl. 18, figs 16, 17. Eocene. Near Paris, France. Junior synonym of Dentalium duplex Defrance, 1819 (fide Deshayes 1864: 203). bicarinatum, Dentalium Wanner, 1902: 124, pl. 18, figs 9, 10. Cretaceous. North of Oasis Dachel, Libya. Junior homonym of Dentalium bicarinatum Deshayes, 1825. Replacement name: Dentalium wanneri n. nom. Remark: Wanner’s description of a well preserved specimen is detailed and referred to by Quaas (1902: 234). We, therefore, decided to rename this junior homonym. bicostale, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 71, pl. 2, figs 43, 44. Cretaceous, Neocomian. Tournay, Belgium. Tentative junior synonym of Dentalium decussatum J. Sowerby, 1814 (fide Ryckholt 1851). bifissum, Dentalium S. Wood, 1848: 190, pl. 20, fig. 3. Coralline Crag (Pliocene), Sutton, England. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Dischides politus (S. Wood, 1842) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 144). † bifissuratum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1850: 36, pl. 61, figs 11, 12, 14. Fossil. Locality not specified. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 235) erroneously dated this name to “1864” and they therefore listed it as a junior synonym of Dischides bilabiatus (Deshayes, 1861). † bifrons, Dentalium “(?)” Tate, 1887: 192, 193, pl. 20, fig. 5. Tertiary (Miocene-Pliocene). Upper beds at Muddy Creek, Hamilton, Victoria, Australia. Holotype and 3 paratypes SAM T 255. Dentalium (Fissidentalium) bifrons Tate, 1887 (fide Tate 1899: 261); Dentalium (Antalis) bifrons Tate, 1887 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 142, 143, pl. 2, fig. 2). † bilabiatus, Gadus Deshayes, 1861: 219, pl. 3, figs 22-24. Eocene. Paris Basin (Houdan, Grignon, Hérouval, Montjavoult, Rozières and SaintSulpice), France. Dischides bilabiatus (Deshayes, 1861) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 235; Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 86). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 235) erroneously ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) listed Dentalium bifissuratum Deshayes, “1864” as a junior synonym of this species; in fact, D. bifissuratum was described in 1850, not 1864. billingsi, Salterella Safford, 1869. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. bimixtum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890: 172, pl. 17, figs 32-34. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama. Junior synonym of Dentalium thalloides Conrad, 1833 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 218). † binkhorsti, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 220. Cretaceous. Belgium. Replacement name for Dentalium nysti Van den Binkhorst, 1861, a junior homonym of Dentalium nysti d’Orbigny, 1852. † bironense, Dentalium Douvillé, 1929: 374, 375, pl. 32, fig. 1. Eocene. Biron-Marnière, France. bisexangulatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 102, pl. 223, fig. 8. Recent. Java. Lectotype BMNH 1993009/1 (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 65); paralectotypes BMNH 1993009/2-3 (2). Dentalium bisexangulatum Sowerby, 1860. IndoPacific: Red Sea, East Africa to Australia, Java, Philippines, Japan. 1-720 m. bisinuatum, Dentalium André, 1896: 397, pl. 17, figs 9a-c. Recent. Amboyna [Ambon, Indonesia]. Holotype MHNG 1155/40 (ex M3/35). Laevidentalium bisinuatum (André, 1896) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 108). Known from the type locality only. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the status of D. bisinuatum vis-à-vis Laevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767) requires further research. bisiphonata, Fustiaria Newton, 1891: 284 [ex Edwards MS]. Lower Eocene. London Clay, Haverstock Hill, England, Great Britain. Nomen nudum. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 200) stated that “as the species is not mentioned by Newton & Harris [1894] in their later revision of British Eocene Scaphopods, it is probably either not valid or based on material unsuitable for characterization”. † bisissura, Cadulus “(?)” Garvie, 1996: 46, 47, pl. 9, figs 3-5. Eocene, Lower Claibornian, Reklaw Formation, Marquez Member. Locality 4, Bluff on Ridge Creek, Texas, USA. Holotype PRI 30314; paratype PRI 30315. † bitubatum, Dentalium Meyer, 1886: 64, pl. 3, fig. 1. Eocene. Jackson, Mississippi, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 638811 (as “holotype” in Palmer & Brann 1965: 366). † blandum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890: 172, pl. 17, figs 26-31. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama. Type material lost (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 366). † blountense, Cadulus Mansfield, 1935: 46, 47, pl. 5, fig. 10. Upper Middle Miocene. Locality 12046, Vaughan Creek, Walton County, Florida, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 373159. † bocasensis, Dentalium (Dentalium) Olsson, 1922: 338 [166], pl. 15, figs 2, 3. Miocene, Gatun Stage. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Bocas del Toro, Costa Rica. Syntypes PRI 21116, PRI 21117 (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 317). † boettgeri, Dentalium Noetling, 1901: 251, pl. 17, fig. 4. Miocene. Kama, Burma. † boggsi, Dentalium Berry, 1926: 19, 20, figs 1, 2. Eocene, Saman shale. Negritos, Peru. boissevainae, Antalis Palmer, 1974b: 124. Recent. Indonesia, Siboga stn 159, 00°59.1’S, 129°48.8’E, 411 m. Holotype (of indicum Boissevain) ZMA 3.06.051. Replacement name for Dentalium entalis var. indicum Boissevain, 1906, a junior homonym of Dentalium indicum Chenu, 1843. Junior synonym of Antalis tibana (Nomura, 1940) (fide Habe 1961: 105, but not Habe 1963: 262). Remark: Scarabino (1995: 231) unnecessarily designated the single specimen as lectotype. boissevaini, Cadulus (Gadila) Jaeckel, 1932: 311, textfig. 8. Recent. Off Zanzibar, Africa, Valdivia stn 251, 1°40.6’S, 41°47.1’E, 693 m. Lectotype ZMB 75359a (designated by Kilias 1995: 172); paralectotypes ZMB 75359b, ZMB 75360. Junior synonym: Cadulus (Gadila) reesi Ludbrook, 1954 (fide Scarabino 1995: 358). Gadila boissevainae (Jaeckel, 1932) (fide Scarabino 1995: 358). Indian Ocean, Africa. 274-1280 m. Remark: since Maria Boissevain was a woman, the gender of the genetive of the species name was emended by Scarabino (1995: 358). bonei, see bouei. booceras, Cadulus Tomlin, 1926: 298, pl. 16, fig. 11. Recent. Durban Bay, South Africa; Cangella (fide Barnard 1963b: 352). Syntypes BMNH 1926.12.6.3, NMW. Siphonodentalium booceras (Tomlin, 1926) (fide Scarabino 1995: 333). Indian Ocean: South Africa. 89-183 m. † boonei, Dentalium Cossmann, 1924: 22, 23, pl. 2, figs 13-16, 25, 26, pl. 7, fig. 24. Jurassic, Callovian. Doux, France. borcei, see bouei. bordaensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Cotton & Godfrey, 1940: 340, fig. 362. Recent. Off Cape Borda, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 55 fms [100 m]. Holotype SAM D 13761. Gadila bordaensis (Cotton & Godfrey, 1940) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 153). Indian Ocean: South Australia. 50600 m. bordaensis, Dentalium (Episiphon) Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938: 220, 221, pl. 12, fig. 3. Recent. Cape Borda, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 60 fms [110 m]. Holotype SAM D 13340. Episiphon bordaensis (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 132). Indian Ocean: Australia. 75-400 m. † boreale, Dentalium Böhm, 1904: 53, 54, pl. 6, figs 17, 33, 36. Upper Triassic. Mount Misery, Bear Island, Spitsbergen, Arctic Sea. † borealis, Dentalium (Entalis) badense var. Kautsky, 1925: 53, 54, pl. 5, fig. 12. Miocene. Hemmoor and Basbeck, Lower Saxony, Germany. 569 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. † borelliana, Gadilina Pavia, 1991: 131, 132, pl. 7, figs 4, 5, 9, 10, pl. 8, figs 5, 6. Upper Miocene. Borelli, near Turin, Italy. Holotype and 192 paratypes MIGT BS.D.12.1. † bothrum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Woodring, 1973: 482, 483, pl. 75, figs 14, 23. Middle Miocene, upper part of Gatun Formation. USGS locality 8413, upper edge of Chilas village, Río Indios, Colón Province, Panama. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 646730. boucheti, Antalis Scarabino, 1995: 234, 235, figs 42, 45h, 45j, 73g. Recent. Loyalty Islands, RV Alis, MUSORSTOM 6 stn DW 428, 20°24’S, 166°13’E, 420 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (12; MUSORSTOM 6: 1 from stn CC175; 1 from stn DW 397; 1 from stn DW 406, 2 from stn DW 411; 3 from stn DW 428; 2 from DW 446; 1 from stn DW 451; 1 from stn 481), AMS C201723 (1; stn DW 428), NMNZ M268969 (1; stn DW 428), USNM 890859 (1; stn DW 397). Antalis boucheti Scarabino, 1995. IndoPacific: Philippines to New Caledonia. 360-842 m. boucheti, Cadulus (Gadila) Nicklès, 1979: 64, 65, fig. 23. Recent. SE of Luanda, Angola, WALDA stn CY 15, 10°30.3’S, 11°55’E, 1756 m. Holotype MNHN. Gadila boucheti (Nicklès, 1979). Known from type locality only. † bouei, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 355, 356, pl. 18, fig. 8. Tertiary. Baden, near Vienna, Austria. Junior synonym: Dentalium intermedium Hörnes, 1856 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 200). Antalis bouei (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pavia 1991: 114). Dentalium bonei [Arduini 1895: 195] and Dentalium borcei [Michelotti, 1861: 136] are incorrect subsequent spellings. † bouryi, Siphonodentalium (Dischides) Cossmann, 1888: 13, pl. 1, figs 6, 7. Eocene. Parnes and Montainville, France. Dischides bouryi (Cossmann, 1888) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 235; fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 86). † boussaci, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 183. Oligocene, Priabonian. Faudon, Allons and Martinets, France. Replacement name for Dentalium martini Boussac, 1911, a junior homonym of Dentalium martini Whitfield, 1882 (Polychaeta). brazieri, Cadulus Finlay, 1927. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. braziliensis, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 124, 125, pl. 19, fig. 16. Recent. Off Rio de Janeiro, USBF stn 2762, 23°08’S, 41°34’W, 59 fms [108 m]. Holotype and paratype USNM 96113. Gadila braziliensis (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic: Brazil. 23-197 m. † brazosensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974: 11, 12, text-figs 8p, q; pl. 1, figs 7-10, pl. 2, fig. 7. Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation, Wheelock Member. Little Brazos River, Brazos County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180431; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 570 180448, PRI 29222, ANSP 31500 (all from Scott’s locality MS-2-N), USNM Paleobiology 180432180434 (locality MS-2A-S). † breve, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 201, 202, pl. 1, figs 7, 8. Eocene. Paris Basin (Châlons-sur-Vesles, Jonchery), France. Fustiaria brevis (Deshayes, 1861) (fide Newton 1891: 284). Remark: a valid species of Dentalium (Entaliopsis) (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). brevicornu, Dentalium (Compressidens) Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 125, pl. 22, figs 53-55. Recent. Near Galapagos Islands, USFC stn 2808, 0°36’30”S, 89°19’W, 634 fms [1159 m]. Syntypes USNM 122809 (1), 600415 (1); LACM 1757 (1, as paratype), SBMNH 35013 (1). Compressidens brevicornu (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). Eastern Pacific, Galapagos. 11591819 m. † brevifissum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 366, pl. 17, figs 13, 14. [Fossil]. Angers, Touraine, France. Dentalium brevissimum [Anton, 1838: 25] is an incorrect subsequent spelling (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 200). brevifissum, Dentalium – Galeotti 1837: 150. Tertiary. Jette, Belgium. Junior homonym of Dentalium brevifissum Deshayes, 1825. Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 201) stated that Dentalium butini [sic] Nyst is a “new name” for Galeotti’s species. However, Nyst did not cite Galeotti’s work, and D. burtini Nyst in d’Omalius-d’Halloy, 1853 is a nomen nudum. We prefer not to rename this species until its status is clarified. brevifissum, Dentalium Brugnone, 1876: 20, 21, fig. 30. Tertiary. Monte Ficarazzi, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium brevifissum Deshayes, 1825. Replacement name: Dentalium brugnonei n. nom. † breviforme, Dentalium Mayer-Eymar, 1904: 312 [description]; 1903: 283 [name only]. Tertiary. Siout Mountain, Egypt. † brevis, Gadus Deshayes, 1861: 219, 220, pl. 3, figs 25-28. Eocene. Paris Basin (Aizy and Hérouval), France. Remark: a valid species of Dischides (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 86). brevissimum, see Dentalium brevifissum Deshayes, 1825. † brongniarti, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 212, pl. 2, figs 20, 21. Eocene. Paris Basin (Montmirel, Parnes, Damery, Brasles, Mouch, Vaudancourt, Fercourt and Saint-Félix), France. Remark: a valid species of Dentalium (Entaliopsis) (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). browni, Dentalium Hisinger, 1837. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † brugnonei, Dentalium n. nom. Tertiary. Monte Ficarazzi, Italy. Replacement name for Dentalium brevifissum Brugnone, 1876 non Dentalium brevifissum Deshayes, 1825. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) † bruneti, Dentalium n. nom. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-080. Replacement name for Dentalium asperum Brunet, 1995 non Dentalium asperum Michelotti, 1847. † bruscasensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Weisbord, 1964: 130, 131, pl. 18, figs 15, 16. Pliocene, Playa Grande Formation. Station W-26, Quebrada Las Bruscas, Venezuela. Holotype PRI 26897. brycei, Gadila Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 155, 156, figs 155H, 156G, 164, 166A-C. Recent. NNW of Dampier, Western Australia, 19°34’S, 116°08’E, 110 m. Holotype WAM 237/94; paratypes WAM 64-93 (7; NNW of Dampier, 19°34’S, 116°08’E, 110 m), WAM 238/94 (10; Exmouth Gulf [Western Australia]), AMS C311959 (1; Monkey Mia, Shark Bay [Western Australia], 25°48’S, 113°43’E), AMS C173593 (1; 19°00.8’S, 118°01.3’E, 133 km NNW of Port Hedland, 112 m), AMS C173754 (5; 220 km NW of Roebuck Bay, 17°34’S, 120°22’E, 188 m), MV 69582 (2; 19°05’S, 117°26’E, North West Shelf, between Port Hedland and Dampier, 122 m). Gadila brycei Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indian Ocean: Western Australia. 40-330 m. buccinulum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent. Kagosima [Japan]. Lectotype USNM 24160 (designated by Johnson, 1964: 48; as “holotype”); paralectotypes MCZ 39073 (1), MCZ 169062 (1). Junior synonym: Dentalium motidukii Otuka, 1935 (fide Habe 1964: 25). Dentalium buccinulum Gould, 1859. Indo-Pacific: Japan, China. 0-50 m. bulbosum, Dentalium Bronn, 1831. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † burdigalinum, Dentalium Mayer, 1864: 357, pl. 14, fig. 4. Miocene. Near Bordeaux, Dax and Saucats, France. Dentalium (Laevidentalium) burdigalinum Mayer, 1864 (fide Cossmann & Peyrot 1917: 171, pl. 1, figs 53, 58, 59). † buricum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Olsson, 1942: 233, 234 [81, 82], pl. 6, figs 3-6, 9. Pleistocene. Tuffaceous shales, west side of Burica Peninsula, Costa Rica. Holotype PRI 4071; paratypes PRI 4072 (4) (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 317). † burnsii, Cadulus floridanus var. Dall, 1892: 446. Miocene. Alum Bluff, Appalachicola River, Florida, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 112758 (6). Synonym of Cadulus floridanus Dall, 1892. burtini, Dentalium Nyst in d’Omalius-d’Halloy, 1853: 382. Tertiary. Belgium. Nomen nudum. Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 201) stated that this species was a “new name for Dentalium brevifissum Galeotti, 1837 not of Deshayes, 1825”. However, Nyst did not mention Galeotti’s species. Furthermore, we have not found any subsequent validation of Nyst’s name. Bellini (1909: 235) listed this name as one of 12 species of “Dentalium “ that were not scaphopods (i.e. Polychaeta), but Bellini ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) did not cite any references for this transfer of Nyst’s nomen nudum to the Polychaeta. Dentalium butini [Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 201] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. burtonae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 33, 34, figs 20F, 21F, 28. Recent. Roebuck Bay, Broome, Western Australia; 18°03’S, 122°17’E. Holotype AMS C173327; paratypes AMS C174897 (1), AMS C307828 (1; Lady Musgrave Island, Bunker Group, Queensland, dredged in lagoon), AMS C174526 (11; 17°58’S, 122°14’E, Broome Township, Western Australia), AMS C173297 (16; 18°06’S, 122°20’E, Roebuck Bay, Broome, Western Australia, 1-3 m). Dentalium burtonae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Australia. 0-32 m. bushi, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Henderson, 1920: 94, pl. 16, fig. 6. Recent. Off Barnegat Bay, New Jersey [USA], Albatross USBF stn 2710, 40°06’N, 68°01’30”W, 984 fms [1794 m]. Holotype USNM 76723; paratypes USNM 76723 (4), MCZ 186822. Pulsellum bushi (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic: New England Banks to Cape Hatteras (North Carolina). 582-1796 m. bushii, Cadulus “carolinensis var.?” Dall, 1889: 430. Recent. Barbados, 100 fms [183 m]. Lectotype MCZ 7745 (designated by Henderson 1920: 126); paralectotypes USNM 95376 (as “holotype” in Turner 1955: 318, in error). Gadila bushii (Dall, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 153). Western Atlanic: Caribbean. 64-360 m. butini, see burtini. † byorituense, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Nomura, 1935: 90, 91 [38, 39], pl. 6 [1], figs 1a-1c. Tertiary. Hakusyaton, Wangwa, Taikwa, Zyo-tusyowan, Kokwan, Sankwako, Sinpo, and Bosiho, Taiwan. † caduloide, Dentalium Dall, 1892: 442. Miocene. St Mary’s River, Maryland, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 112745 (numerous). Remark: Schuchert et al. (1905: 219) cited USNM 112745 as the “holotype” but did not specify which syntype was to be the holotype, so this does not constitute a valid lectotype designation. caesura, Dentalium (Pseudantalis) Colman, 1958: 145, fig. 11. Recent. Off Woollongong, New South Wales, Australia, 100 fms [183 m]. Holotype AMS C62230; paratype AMS C62229. Fustiaria caesura (Colman, 1958) (fide Scarabino 1995: 279; Lamprell & Healy 1998: 102). Indo-Pacific: Philippines to eastern Australia and New Caledonia. 60-399 m. † calabrum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851: 35, pl. 3, fig. 4. Type locality not specified [Italy?]. Type material not located. Remark: although not explicitly stated in the original description, this is not considered a Recent species, following the opinion of Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 201) listing calabrum in the fossil section, as “? Pliocene, Calabria”. calabrum, Dentalium (Antalis) Crema, 1910: 68-70, text-figs 1-4 [ex Monterosato MS]. Pliocene- 571 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Pleistocene. Valle dei Molini near Monteleone and Vallone delli Manci near S. Vincenzo la Costa, Italy. Junior synonym of Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars, 1872) (fide CLEMAM entry No. 24572). Junior homonym of Dentalium calabrum O. G. Costa, 1851. The synonymy with Antalis agilis makes it unnecessary to introduce a replacement name. † calafium, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Vokes, 1939: 105, pl. 16, figs 30, 31. Eocene, Domengue Formation. UCMP locality A-1027, Valdes Ranch, Silver Creek, Priest Valley Quadrangle, California, USA. Lectotype UCMP 15750 (designated by Squires 1984: 16); paralectotype UCMP 15751 (UCMP locality A-1003, Pine Canyon, Mount Diablo, California, USA). calamus, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 421. Recent. Turtle Harbor, Florida, 4 fms [7 m]. Lectotype USNM 68117 (designated by Henderson 1920: 72); paralectotypes USNM 887456. Graptacme calamus (Dall, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 97). Western Atlantic: Cape Lookout (North Carolina) to Brazil and Caribbean. 0-124 m. caledonicum, Dentalium Scarabino, 1995: 209, figs 17, 28a, 71c. Recent. Southern New Caledonia, RV Coriolis, CHALCAL 2, stn DW74, 24°40’S, 168°38’E, 650 m. Holotype MNHN and paratypes (1 from stn DW 73; 1 from stn DW 75). Dentalium caledonicum Scarabino, 1995. IndoPacific: New Caledonia. 573-650 m. † californicum, Dentalium Stanton, 1895: 62, 63, pl. 13, fig. 3. Cretaceous. Upper part of the Knoxville Beds, Shelton’s ranch, 5 miles north of Paskenta, California, USA. Type material USNM Paleobiology 23063. Remark: Schuchert et al. (1905: 219) cited USNM 23063 as “holotype and paratypes” but did not specify which syntype was to be the holotype, so this does not constitute a valid lectotype designation. californicus, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 180, 181, pl. 34, figs 5-8. Recent. Off San Diego, California [Albatross stn 2923, 32°40’30”N, 117°31’30”W, 822 fms (1500 m)]. Lectotype USNM 107698 (designated by Shimek 1989: 235); paralectotypes USNM 203136, SBMNH 35038, AMNH 148391 (4). Cadulus californicus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Eastern Pacific: Oregon (USA) to Panama. 400-2322 m. Remark: probably referable to Polyschides (fide Emerson in Turgeon 1988: 51); further research is required. † callioglyptum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 468, pl. 10, figs 10-12, pl. 11, fig. 21. Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Syntypes ANSP 2713 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 399) and ANSP 79569. callipeplum, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 419, 420, pl. 27, fig. 12-B. Recent. USBF [Albatross] stn 2400, 28°41’N, 86°07’W, between the Missisippi River delta and Cedar Keys [off Florida], 169 fms [308 m]. Lectotype USNM 94064 (designated by Henderson 1920: 74); paralectotypes USNM 572 887457 (2), MCZ 7672, USNM 95361 (1; Blake stn 220), USNM 95362 (1; Samana Bay, St Domingo), MCZ 7673 (1; Blake stn 128), MCZ 7674 (1; Blake stn 143; erroneously stated to be the “holotype” in Turner, 1955: 318), MCZ 7675 (1; Blake stn 262), MCZ 186549 (3; Blake stn 143), not found: USFC stn 2314 and “Coast of Honduras”. Calliodentalium callipeplum (Dall, 1889) (fide Scarabino 1995: 273). Western Atlantic, Carribean: South Carolina to Colombia. 14-4000 m. callithrix, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 427, pl. 27, fig. 10. Recent. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms [1170 m]. Lectotype USNM 95348 (designated by Henderson 1920: 57, 58); paralectotypes USNM 93426 (4; USFC stn 2678), USNM 93758 (2; USFC stn 2383), USNM 95349 (2; Blake stn 20), USNM 95350 (2; Blake stn 236), USNM 95354 (1; Blake stn 248; now the holotype of Entalina quadrata Henderson, 1920), MCZ 7730 (1; Blake stn 20), MCZ 7731 (2; Blake stn 41), MCZ 7732 (1; Blake stn 162), MCZ 7733 (1; Blake stn 221), MCZ 7734 (1; Blake stn 236; erroneously stated to be the “holotype” in Turner 1955: 318). Pertusiconcha callithrix (Dall, 1889) (fide Chistikov 1982a: 678). Western Atlantic and Eastern Atlantic: from Carribean to West Africa. 12-3500 m. † caloosaense, Dentalium Dall, 1892: 441, pl. 23, fig. 24. Pliocene. Caloosahatchie River and Shell Creek, Florida, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 112741 (4); possible syntypes USNM Paleobiology 112740 (6). Remark: Schuchert et al. (1905: 219) cited USNM 112741 as the “holotype” but did not specify which syntype was to be the holotype, so this does not constitute a valid lectotype designation. † calvertensis, Prodentalium Palmer, 1975: 378-380, pl. 52, figs 1-11. Middle Jurassic, Callovian. Calvert, Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom. Holotype BMNH GG 13330; paratypes BMNH GG 13331-13339. † camaronesia, Dentalium sulcosum var. Ihering, 1907: 224. Tertiary. Camarones, Patagonia, Argentina. Dentalium sulcosum camaronesium Ihering, 1907 (fide Ihering 1914: 67). campylus, Cadulus Melvill, 1906: 80, pl. 8, fig. 32. Recent. Gulf of Oman, 156 fms [285 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1906.10.23.76 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 113, as “holotype”; the figured specimen, fide Trew 1987: 29); paralectotypes BMNH 1955. 158.599 (3), NMW. Cadulus campylus Melvill, 1906. Indian Ocean: Africa to Maldive Islands. 183-285 m. canaliculatum, Dentalium “Klipstein” Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 201. Error or emendation for Dentalium cannaliculatum Klipstein, 1843. cancellatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 101, pl. 224, fig. 36. Recent. China. Syntypes BMNH 1996087 (2). Coccodentalium cancellatum (Sowerby, 1860) ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) n. comb. Indo-Pacific: China. 4 m. Remark: of the two syntypes, only the figured specimen corresponds with the species description; the second specimen is Paradentalium intercalatum (Gould, 1859) (fide V. Scarabino, in litt. 20.II.2002). candelatum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Kira, 1959: 105, pl. 40, fig. 5. Recent. Tosa Bay, Shikoku, Japan, 200 m. Type material not located. Nomen nudum in Habe (1953: 296), and in Kira (1954: 80), fide Bieler & Petit (1990: 141). Episiphon candelatum (Kira, 1959) (fide Scarabino 1995: 289). IndoPacific: Japan. 100-200 m. candidum, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1877: 153. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntypes BMNH 85.11.58.1239 (Northern and eastern Atlantic and Bay of Biscay, 410-1750 fms [748-3194 m], figured syntype), BMNH 85.11.58.1240 (west of Ireland, 664 -1476 fms [1212-2694 m]), USNM 169428 (Valorous stn 5, 66°59’N, 55°27’W, 410 fms [Davis Strait, Greenland, North Atlantic, 748 m]), USNM 169429 (Valorous stn 8, 62°06’N, 55°56’W, 1350 fms [Davis Strait, Greenland, North Atlantic, 2464 m]), USNM 169430 (Valorous stn 6, 64°05’N, 56°47’W, 1100 fms [Davis Strait, Greenland, North Atlantic, 2008 m]), USNM 169431 (Porcupine 1869 stn 28, 56°44’N, 12°52’W, 1215 fms [Hebrides, Scotland, North Atlantic, 2217 m]), USNM 169432 (Porcupine 1869 stn 23, 56°07’N, 14°19’W, 664 fms [Ireland, North Atlantic, 1212 m]), USNM 169433 (Porcupine 1869 stn 21, 55°40’N, 12°46’W, 1476 fms [Ireland, North Atlantic, 2694 m]), USNM 169434 (Porcupine 1869 stn 23-A, 56°07’N, 14°18’W, 420 fms [Ireland, North Atlantic, 767 m]), USNM 169435 (Porcupine 1869 stn 31, 56°15’N, 11°25’W, 1360 fms [Ireland, North Atlantic, 2482 m]), USNM 169436, (Porcupine 1869 stn 38, 47°39’N, 11°33’W, 2090 fms [Ireland, North Atlantic, 3814 m]), USNM 169438 (Off Cape Carnveira, Portugal, Porcupine 1870 stn 16, 39°55’N, 9°56’W, 994 fms [1814 m]). Junior synonyms: Dentalium solidum Verrill, 1884 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 72); Dentalium caudani Locard, 1896; Dentalium caudani var. parfaiti Locard, 1898 (B. Métivier, n. syn.); Dentalium (Fissidentalium) candidum var. meridionale Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897; Dentalium (Fissidentalium) meridionale var. jamaicense Henderson, 1920 (fide Scarabino 1994: 307). Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 72). Western Atlantic: Greenland to Brazil; Eastern Atlantic: Greenland to South Africa. 403-3814 m. † canna, Dentalium White, 1874: 23; 1875: 156, pl. 12, fig. 6. “Carboniferous” [Permian]. Near Salt Lake, New Mexico, USA; near Relief Spring, Arizona, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 8473. Prodentalium canna (White, 1874) (fide Yancey 1978: 308, 309, pl. 6, figs 7-11). Junior ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) synonyms: Dentalium mexicanum Girty, 1909 (fide Yancey 1978: 308); Plagioglypta monolineata Branson, 1930 (fide Yancey 1973: 1126; 1978: 308, 309). † cannaliculatum, Dentalium Klipstein, 1843: 206, pl. 14, figs 28a, 28b. Triassic (St Cassian?). Austria/ northern Italy. Remark: Dentalium “canaliculatum” Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 201, error or emendation. capense, Dentalium (Compressidens) Tomlin, 1931: 340. Recent. South Africa, off Cape Point, 900 fms [1620 m]. Holotype SAFM A6191. Junior synonym of Rhomboxiphus tricarinatus (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 316). capillosum, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1877: 153, 154. Recent. Type locality not designated. Syntypes BMNH 1885.11.5.1336 (Porcupine 1869, 862 fms [Bay of Biscay, 1573 m]), BMNH 1877.11.28.55 (Valorous stn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms [Greenland, 2646 m]), BMNH 1887.2.9.4-6 (off the Azores, Challenger stn 73, 38°30’N, 31°14’W, 1000 fms [1825 m]), USNM 169417 (2) (Porcupine 1869 stn 47, 59°34’N, 7°18’W, 542 fms [Hebrides, North Atlantic, 989 m]), USNM 169419 (Valorous stn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms [Greenland, 2646 m]), USNM 169420 (Valorous stn 13, 56°01’N, 34°42’W, 690 fms [Greenland, 1259 m]), USNM 169421 (Valorous stn 16, 55°10’N, 25°58’W, 1785 fms [Greenland, 3258 m]), USNM 169423 (2) (off Cape Mondego, Portugal, Porcupine 1870, 220 fms [402 m]), USNM 169424 (off Cape Carnveira, Portugal, Porcupine 1870, 1095 fms [1998 m]), USNM 169425 (off Cape Carnveira, Portugal, Porcupine 1870, 984 fms [1796 m]). Junior synonyms: Dentalium ergasticum Fischer, 1883, Dentalium scamnatum Locard, 1897, Dentalium milneedwardsi Locard, 1898 (B. Métivier, n. syn.; see Appendix 2). Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 77). Eastern Atlantic: Greenland to Western Africa and Azores. 100-4088 m. caprinum, Dentalium Bosc, 1802: 191. Recent. Indian Ocean (“mer des Indes”) [citing Martini 1769: I, t. 1, f. 4 B]. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1767 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 3). Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 3) attributed this name to Anton (1838: 25); in fact, Anton cited the same figure from Martini, which indicates that Anton used Bosc’s name without attribution. It is tempting to assume that Bosc used caprinum in error for aprinum. † caprottii, Cadulus (Sulcogadila) Moroni & Ruggieri, 1981: 30, figs 1-3. Lower Pleistocene. Acqua dei Corsari, Palermo, Italy. Holotype Museo Geologico, Univ. Palermo, O.C.R. 3131. carduus, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 423, pl. 27, fig. 3. Recent. Off St Lucia, Lesser Antilles, Blake stn 220, 13°50’N, 61°03’W, 116 fms [211 m]. Lectotype MCZ 7692 (designated by Henderson 1920: 33); paralectotypes USNM 95321 (Blake stn 246), 573 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. USNM 95322 (USBF stn 2655), MCZ 7691 (Blake stn 246). Junior synonym: Dentalium floridense Henderson, 1920 (fide Scarabino 1994: 307). Fissidentalium carduus (Dall, 1889) (fide Emerson in Turgeon 1988: 50; 1998: 200). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 180-600 m. Remarks: Emerson (1952a: 2) assigned carduus to Coccodentalium. Emerson in Turgeon (1988: 50; 1998: 54) listed Fissidentalium floridense as a distinct species. carinatum, Dentalium O. G. Costa 1851. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. carlessi, Gadila Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 154, 155, figs 155a, 156a, 161. Recent. East of Cape Melville, northern Queensland, 14°22’S, 145°52’E, 2710 m. Holotype QM MO40084. Gadila carlessi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from the type locality only. carneum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Boissevain, 1906: 48, pl. 6, figs 42-45. Recent. Indonesia, Flores Sea, Siboga stn 45, 07°24’S, 118°15.2’E, 794 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.052 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 287); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.053 (14), ZMA 3.06.054 (1; Timor Sea, Siboga stn 300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m), ZMA 3.06.055 (2; Ambon, Siboga stn 181, 36-54 m). Junior synonym of Episiphon virgula (Hedley, 1903) (fide Scarabino 1995: 287). † carolinense, Dentalium Conrad, 1862a: 288; 1863: 570. Miocene. North Carolina, USA. carolinensis, Cadulus Bush in Verrill, 1885b: 587; Bush 1885: 471, pl. 45, fig. 19. Recent. Off Cape Hatteras, USBF stn 2114, 35°20’N, 75°20’W, 14 fms [26 m]. Syntypes USNM 35811 (figured), MCZ 186818 (4). Polyschides carolinensis (Bush in Verrill, 1885) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 152). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 5-159 m. † caronensis, Cadulus Mansfield, 1925: 61, pl. 7, fig. 6. Miocene. About 1 mile S of Brasso, Caroni County, Montserrat Ward, Trinidad. Figured syntype USNM Paleobiology 352692 (1). † cartagenense, Dentalium Pilsbry & Brown, 1917: 37, 38, pl, 5, fig. 10. Oligocene. Near Cartagena, Colombia. Holotype ANSP 3058. † caseyi, Dentalium n. nom. Oligocene. Red Bluff, Mississippi, USA. Doubtful syntype USNM Paleobiology 481673 (1) (fide MacNeil & Dockery 1984: 247). Replacement name for Dentalium polygonum Casey, 1903 non Dentalium polygonum Reuss, 1844. † casselensis, Gadila R. Janssen, 1989: 89, pl. 2, fig. 18. Upper Oligocene, Chattian. Glimmerode, near Hessisch-Lichtenau, Niederhessen, Germany. Holotype SMF 308322; paratypes SMF 308323/2 and Collection Gürs. castellaccii, see castellacei. † castellacei, Dentalium Scalia, 1914: 2, pl. 1 [7], fig. 5. Triassic. Castellace, Italy. Type material in Istituto di Geologia della R. Università Catania. Dentalium castellaccii [Diener, 1926: 228] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. 574 † castellanensis, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 (volume 2): 320. Eocene, Suessonian. Le Vit, near Castellanne (Basses-Alpes) [Alpes-de-Haute-Provence] and Bidart (Basses-Pyrénées) [Pyrénées-Atlantiques], France. Syntypes MNHN (fide Boussac 1911b: 256, pl. 16, figs 7, 8). Boussac (1911) erroneously used Dentalium haeringense Dreger, 1892 as the valid name for this species. catenulatum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, fig. 11; 1850: 2. Piedmont (Miocene/Pliocene; Italy). Junior synonym of Dentalium fossile Gmelin, 1791 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 201). catharus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 112, 113, pl. 18, fig. 5. Recent. Off English Harbor, Antigua, State Univ. Iowa Exp. 1898 stn 15, 120 fms [219 m]. Holotype USNM 596596. Cadulus catharus Henderson, 1920. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 100-219 m. Remark: although the subgenus Platyschides was put in synonymy with Gadila by Scarabino (1995: 196, 355), this species with its simple apical orifice and the maximum diameter in the middle of the shell belongs to Cadulus. † catulloi, Dentalium Vinassa de Regny, 1896: 204, 205, pl. 5, fig. 2a, b. Miocene. Italy. Remark: as a nomen nudum in Vinassa de Regny (1895: 262). caudani, Dentalium Locard, 1896a: 213; 1896b: 171, pl. 6, fig. 2. Recent. Bay of Biscay, Caudan stn 15, 3°02’W [5°22’W, Paris meridian], 44°02’N, 1300 m. Holotype (preserved specimen without shell) in Faculté des Sciences, Lyon (fide B. Métivier pers. comm.). Junior synonym of Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) (B. Métivier, n. syn.). caymanica, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1314, pl. 1 figs 5, 6, pl. 3 figs 1-11. Recent. Cayman Trench [Caribbean Sea], Akademik Kurtschatow stn 1267 T, 19°38.7’N, 76°37.1’W, 6740-6780 m. Holotype IOM; paratypes IOM (7 from 1267 T; 1 from 1267 D, the type locality; 1 from stn 1259 D, 19°05.6’N, 80°30.1’W, 5930 m; 5 from stn 1266, 19°45.4’N, 76°43.8’W, 6300-5900 m). Costentalina caymanica Chistikov, 1982. Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Cayman Trench. 5900-6780 m. † cazadorianum, Dentalium Wilckens, 1907: 121, 122 [25, 26], pl. 4, fig. 9. Upper Cretaceous. Cazador and Cancha Carrera, Patagonia, Argentina. ceciliae, Compressidentalium Scarabino, 1995: 263, figs 69, 70k, 71i. Recent. New Caledonia, RV Vauban MUSORSTOM 4, stn DW 220, 22°58’S, 167°38’E, 505-550 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (7 from MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW 220; 4 from BIOCAL stn DW 51), AMS C201725 (1; BIOCAL stn DW 54), NMNZ M268958 (1; MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW 220), USNM 890864 (1; BIOCAL stn DW 51). Compressidentalium ceciliae Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 505-700 m. cedrosense, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Hertlein & Strong, 1951: 69, 70, pl. 11, fig. 9. Recent. off the east ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) coast of Cedros Island, Lower California, Mexico, Templeton Crocker stn 126-D-12, 28°20’00”N 115°10’30”W, 45 fms [82 m]. Holotype CAS. Junior synonym of Episiphon innumerabile (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) (fide Keen 1971: 888). † centenniale, Dentalium Marwick, 1942: 279, pl. 24, fig. 26. Eocene, Bortonian. Hampden Beach, NE of Otago, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM4802 (fide Keyes 1972: 95). Remarks: based on the Onekakara (Hampden Beach) paralectotypes of Dentalium mantelli Zittel, 1864, which Marwick concluded represented two species (fide Dawson 1991: 23; 1994: 118). Maxwell (1992: 185) suggested that this species “may also belong in Fissidentalium”. ceras, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 510, 511 [Watson 1886: 3, pl. 1, fig. 4]. Recent. Mid Pacific, East of Japan, Challenger stn 246, 36°10’N, 178°00’E, 2050 fms [3690 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9. 10-11 (the specimen from stn 299, 33°31’S, 74°43’W, 2160 fms, west of Valparaiso, Chile was not found in BMNH). Fissidentalium ceras (Watson, 1879) (fide Ludbrook 1954: 93). IndoPacific: India to Japan; Eastern Pacific: Chile. 3690-3747 m. Remark: Scarabino (1995: 250) considered megathyris a junior synonym of Fissidentalium ceras (Watson, 1879). However, this proposed synonymy requires a comparative study of all taxa included in this species group. ceratum, Dentalium Dall, 1881: 38. Recent. Off La Havana, Cuba, Blake stn 2, 23°14’N, 82°25’W, 805 fms [1472 m]. Lectotype USNM 95326 (designated by Henderson 1920: 50); paralectotypes USNM 887458, MCZ 7697, MCZ 7706 (West Florida, 50 fms [91 m]). Junior synonym: Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum tenax Henderson, 1920 (n. syn.). Antalis cerata (Dall, 1881) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 57). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Florida to Rio de la Plata. 32-1960 m. cerinum, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Pilsbry, 1905: 117, 118, pl. 5, figs 40, 41. Recent. Shimizu, Suruga, Japan. Holotype ANSP 88305. Junior synonym: Dentalium tracheatum Boissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 297). Omniglypta cerina (Pilsbry, 1905) (fide Habe 1953: 296). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan and northeastern Australia. 800-3925 m. cestum, Dentalium (Dentalium) texasianum Henderson 1920: 29, pl. 2, figs 1, 4, 8. Recent. Pass Cabello, Texas. Holotype USNM 159503. Synonym of Dentalium texasianum Philippi, 1848, a junior synonym of Paradentalium americanum (Chenu, 1843) (fide Scarabino 1975: 183). cheverti, Dentalium (Dentalium) Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 9. Recent. Evans Bay, Cape York, North Australia, 6 fms [11 m]. Lectotype (of septemcostatum Brazier) AMS A96 (designated by Ponder & Stanbury 1972: 53) and 3 paralectotypes. Replacement name for Dentalium septemcostatum Brazier, 1877, a junior homonym of Dentalium ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) septemcostatum Abich, 1859. Dentalium cheverti Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897. IndoPacific: eastern Australia. 4-738 m. † chilense, Dentalium d’Orbigny in Grange, 1847: pl. 4 (Paléontologie pl. 1), figs 37, 38. No locality given. Remarks: no description of this species was published in the text; the species attributed to d’Orbigny in Grange are all “name and figure” only (fide Sherborn & Woodward 1901a: 391). Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 220) stated that this species was from the Cretaceous of Chile. Feruglio (1949a: 304; 1949b: 249) stated that this species was from the Senonian of Quiriquina (Chile). chinensis, Striodentalium Qi & Ma, 1989: 119, fig. 11. Recent. East China Sea, 52-173 m. Type depository not specified. Striodentalium chinensis Qi & Ma, 1989. Indo-Pacific: China Sea. 52-173 m. † chipolanum, Dentalium (Antalis) Gardner, 1947: 625, 626, pl. 57, figs 18-18a. Oligocene. Alum Bluff Group, Chipola Formation. USGS locality 3419, McClelland Farm, 1 mile below Bailey’s Ferry, Calhoun County, Florida, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 329137. † chubutensis, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Sabattini, 1979: 21, pl. 1, figs 1, 2. Upper Carboniferous, Tepuel Group. County Toba, Colán-Conhué, Sierra de Languineo, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MLP 13164; paratype MLP 13165. chuni, Cadulus (Cadulus) Jaeckel, 1932: 309, fig. 6. Recent. Somalia, Africa, Valdivia stn 256, 1°49’N, 45°29.5’E, 1134 m. Lectotype ZMB 75374a (designated by Kilias 1995: 173); paralectotypes ZMB 75374b (stn 256), ZMB 75375 (stn 245). Cadulus chuni Jaeckel, 1932. Indo-Pacific: Africa to Philippines. 205-1134 m. Remark: the figured specimen from Valdivia stn 245, ZMB 75375, was so degraded that Kilias chose a specimen from stn 256 as the lectotype. chuni, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Plate, 1908a: 341343, pl. 30, figs 1-9. Recent. East African Coast, Valdivia stn 251, 1°40.6’S, 41°47.1’E, 693 m. Lectotype ZMB 63824 (designated by Kilias 1995: 172); paralectotypes ZMB 61100 (stn 256), ZMB 61102 (stn 254), ZMB 61103 (stn 191), ZMB 63821 (stn 264), ZMB 63822 (stn 256), ZMB 63823 (stn 254). Junior synonym of Fissidentalium shoplandi (Jousseaume, 1894) (fide Scarabino 1995: 248). Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the status of D. chuni vis-à-vis Fissidentalium transversostriatum (Boissevain, 1906) requires further research. † cidaris, Dentalium Geinitz, 1850: 144, 145. Cretaceous. Niederwarthla and Strehlen, Germany; Bohemia, Czech Republic. Name for Dentalium striatum “J. Sowerby, 1814” sensu Geinitz 1839. Junior synonym: Dentalium reussianum Ryckholt, 1851 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 220). cinctum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1843. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. 575 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. † cinctum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 3, pl. 166, fig. 7. Jurassic. Derneberg, near Hannover, Germany. Objective junior synonym: Dentalium muensteri Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 224) erroneously dated this name to 1844, and therefore concluded that it was a junior homonym of Dentalium cinctum de Koninck, 1843. Thus, Pilsbry & Sharp proposed Dentalium muensteri as a replacement name for what is, in fact, the senior homonym. cinerascens, Dentalium Anton, 1838: 25. Recent. Adriatic Sea [in error]. Tentative (senior!) synonym of Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 48). Remark: pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 23.9 we propose to preserve Stimpson’s name, occidentalis, for this species. The name cinerascens has not been used whereas the name occidentalis has consistently been used for this species after 1851. cingulatum, Dentalium Hoeninghaus, 1831: 155. Tertiary. Nomen nudum. cingulatus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † circinatum, Dentalium G. B. Sowerby, 1823: pl. 138, fig. 5. No locality given. Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 201) stated that this species was from the Eocene, Paris Basin, France; Newton (1891: 284, 285) recorded this species from the Middle Eocene of England. Type species of the genus Fustiaria Stoliczka, 1868, by subsequent designation (Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 127). Newton (1891: 285, 286) misidentified Dentalium subeburneum d’Orbigny, 1850, as Fustiaria circinata (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 216). circumcinctum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 513, 514 [Watson 1886: 7, pl. 1, fig. 7]. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.24-25 (Challenger stn II, Setubal [Portugal], 38°10’N, 9°14’W, 470 fms [858 m]), BMNH 1887.2.9.26 (Challenger stn 23, Sombrero Island, St Thomas, 450 fms [821 m]), BMNH 1887.2.9.30 (figured specimen; Challenger stn 122, Pernambuco [Brazil], 9°05’S, 34°50’W, 350 fms [639 m]). Antalis circumcincta (Watson, 1879) (fide Thomas 1975: 293). Western Atlantic: Caribbean and Brazil; Eastern Atlantic: North Africa and Gulf of Guinea. 238-1935 m. Remark: Watson (1886: 7) subsequently recorded 2 specimens from Challenger stn 56 (off Bermuda, 32°8’45”N, 64°59’35”W, 1075 fms [1962 m]), which are in the type collection (BMNH 1887.2.9.2728), but these specimens are not syntypes. citrina, Dentalium vulgare var. Monterosato, 1884: 32. Nomen nudum without type locality or description. † claibornense, Dentalium (Antalis) thalloides var. Palmer, 1937: 14, 15, pl. 1, figs 1, 2, 5. Eocene, Claiborne Formation. Locality 104, Gosport sand, Mississippi, USA. Syntypes PRI 2626, PRI 2627. † clarae, Cadulus Maury, 1910: 151, pl. 8, fig. 7. Oligocene. Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County, Florida, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 639096 (1). 576 clathratum, Dentalium von Martens, 1881: 66. Recent. Off Moreton Bay [Queensland], Australia, 550 fms [1006 m]. Holotype ZMB 33122. Compressidentalium clathratum (von Martens, 1881) (fide Scarabino 1995: 263). Indo-Pacific: Australia. 23-1606 m. Remark: Lamprell & Healy (1998) listed Dentalium sedecimcostatum Boissevain, 1906 as a junior synonym of C. clathratum, an opinion not shared by Scarabino (1995). However, V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) stated that he now agrees with this synonymy. clausum, Dentalium Turton, 1819. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. clava, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. clavatum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent. Hong Kong [China]. Lectotype USNM 24245 (designated by Johnson 1964: 239, as “holotype”); paralectotypes MCZ 169089 (1), MCZ 216584 (1). Gadila clavata (Gould, 1859) (fide Scarabino 1995: 364). Indo-Pacific: South Africa, Red Sea, China. 10-175 m. clavus, Dentalium Cooke, 1885: 275. Recent. Gulf of Suez. Lectotype (of D. macandrewi Boissevain, 1906 designated by Scarabino 1995: 204) not in ZMA (fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000) or in UMZC; paralectotypes UMZC I.100,745. Junior synonyms: Dentalium aratorum Cooke, 1885; Dentalium macandrewi Boissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 204; Singer 2003: 11, 14). Dentalium clavus Cooke, 1885 (fide Singer 2003: 13, 14). Indian Ocean: Red Sea, Africa. 14-60 m. Remarks: Boissevain (1906: 25) replaced this name, together with and Dentalium lineolatum, with Dentalium macandrewi. Scarabino (1995: 204) placed D. clavus in synonymy with D. reevei Fischer, 1871. coarctatum, Dentalium Brocchi, 1814. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. Remarks: Dentalium coarctatum – Lamarck 1818: 346 was subsequently described as D. ventricosum Bronn, 1828; D. coarctatum – O. G. Costa 1851: 38, 41, 42, was subsequently described as Cadulus medius Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. coarti, Dentalium Dautzenberg, 1912: 81, pl. 3, figs 44, 45. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntype MNHN (Wharf of Tamara [Guinea]); other syntypes not located, described from the following localities: between Conakry and Boulbine, Guinea; southwest of Conakry, Guinea; west of Crawford Bank, Guinea; near Île Roume, Archipel de Los, Guinea; Grand Bassam, 15 m, Côte d’Ivoire; off Cotonou, 20-25 m, Benin; Libreville Bay, Gabon. Junior synonym of Dentalium congoensis Plate, 1908 (fide Nicklès 1979: 44). cobbi, Gadila Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 155, figs 155G, 156D, 163. Recent. Off Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 16°37.7’S, 146°20.4’E, 685-658 m. Holotype AMS C174638; paratypes ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) AMS C173427 (1), AMS C8017 (2; Darnley Island, Torres Strait, Queensland), AMS C173685 (6; NE of Lady Musgrave Island, Queensland, 23°52.5-51.9’S, 152°42.7-41.7’E, 296 m), AMS C173438 (1; E of Lady Musgrave Island, Queensland, 23°52.5’-23°51.9’S, 152°42.7152°41.7’E, 296 m), AMS C173655 (1; off Cairns, Queensland, 17°09.53’S, 146°42.36’E, 253 m), AMS C174639 (12; E of Lady Musgrave Island, Queensland, 23°52.5’-23°51.9’S, 152°42.7152°41.7’E, 296 m), QM MO40083 (14; off Cairns, northern Queensland, 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m). Gadila cobbi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern and eastern Australia. 1501161 m. cocconii, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 87. Replacement name for Dentalium dispar Cocconi, 1874, a junior homonym of Dentalium dispar Sowerby, 1860. Objective junior synonym of Fustiaria rubescens var. exdispar Sacco, 1897 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 214). cocentum, Dentalium Hoeninghaus, 1831: 155. Tertiary. Tabbiano, Italy. Nomen nudum. † coelatulum, Dentalium Baily in Salter, 1857: 87, pl. 2, figs 8a, 8b. Cretaceous. Upper Greensand, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. † coislinense, Dentalium (Entalis) Cossmann, 1902: 107 [157], pl. 10 [15], fig. 17. Eocene. Coislin and Campbon, northwestern France. colamni, see colmani. colligens, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897: 94. Pliocene. Italy. Nomen nudum; published in synonymy of Dentalium sexangulum var. acutangularis Cocconi, 1873. collinsae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 31, figs 20C, 21C, 24, 25C, D. Recent. In channel, 0.8 km south of Green Island, Oyster Harbour via Albany, Western Australia. Holotype WAM 230/94; paratypes WAM N3126 (10), WAM N3129 (1; in channel W of Green Island, Oyster Harbour via Albany, Western Australia, 10 m). Dentalium collinsae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indian Ocean: western Australia. 10 m. colliverae, Cadulus Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 163, figs 167C, 168F, 171. Recent. Off Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 296303 m. Holotype QM MO17654. Cadulus colliverae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from type locality only. colmani, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 124. Recent. 35 miles east of Sydney, 1463 m. Holotype (of applanatum Colman) AMS C22652; paratypes AMS C170645 (24; 35 miles E of Sydney, 1463 m). Replacement name for Dentalium (Bathoxiphus) applanatum Colman, 1958, a junior homonym of Dentalium applanatum Torley, 1908. Rhomboxiphus colmani (Palmer, 1974) (fide Scarabino 1995: 317). Indo-Pacific: Australia to New Caledonia. 241-3658 m. Remarks: Chistikov ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) (1983: 183) synonymized this species with Bathoxiphus soyomaruae Okutani, 1964; Scarabino (1995: 314, 317) rejected Chistikov’s synonymy. Bathoxiphus colamni [Okutani, 1975: 77] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † colobus, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 474, pl. 11, figs 17-20. Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Type material ANSP 2886 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 401). colonense, Dentalium (Dentalium) gouldii Henderson, 1920: 31, pl. 3, fig. 6. Recent. Albatross stn 2145, near Colon, Panama, 9°27’N, 79°54’W, 25 fms [46 m]. Holotype USNM 94085. Synonym of Dentalium gouldii Dall, 1889 (fide Scarabino in Rios 1975: 183). colubridens, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 523, 524 [Watson 1886: 18, pl. 3, fig. 1]. Recent. North East Point of New Zealand, Challenger stn 169, 37°34’S, 179°22’E, 700 fms [1276 m]. Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.71. Siphonodentalium colubridens (Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1995: 329). IndoPacific: Africa to New Caledonia, Japan, New Zealand. 630-2800 m. columbiana, Antalis Clessin 1896: 43, pl. 10, fig. 4. Recent. British Columbia [Canada]. Type material not located in the Naturmuseum Stuttgart. Junior synonym of Antalis pretiosum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 45). complexum, Dentalium, Dall, 1895: 686, 687, pl. 26, fig. 3. Recent. Off Honolulu, Hawaii, Albatross stn 3472, 21°12’N, 157°49’W, 295-298 fms [538544 m]. Syntypes USNM 107023, USNM 107022 (stn 3476, 21°09’N, 157°53’W, 298 fms [544 m]); BPBM. Fissidentalium complexum (Dall, 1895) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 76). Indo-Pacific: Hawaii. 468-544 m. compressiusculum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 33, 34, pl. 6, fig. 12. Recent. Banda Sea, Siboga stn 241, 04°24.3’S, 129°49.3’E, 1570 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.044. Compressidentalium compressiusculum (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe & Kosuge 1964: 4). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Indonesia and New Caledonia. 540-2570 m. compressum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. compressum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 516 [Watson 1886: 9, 10, pl. 1, fig. 9]. Recent. North of Culebra Island [Virgin Is.], West Indies, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.35. Junior homonym of Dentalium compressum d’Orbigny, 1850. Replacement name: Dentalium (Compressidens) pressum Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 124. Compressidens pressum (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). compressum, Dentalium Meyer, 1883: 258, 259, fig. 4. Oligocene. Joachimsthal and Hermsdorf, Germany. Junior homonym of Dentalium compressum d’Orbigny, 1850 (Polychaeta) and Dentalium compressum 577 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Watson, 1879. Replacement name: Dentalium ottoi Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 119; 1898: 211. compressum, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 189, 190, pl. 10, fig. 190; 1887: 189, 190, pl. 10, fig. 190. Tertiary. Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7291 (6) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). Junior homonym of Dentalium compressum d’Orbigny, 1850 (Polychaeta); Dentalium compressum Watson, 1879; Dentalium compressum Meyer, 1883. Martin (1919: 69) transferred his species to Entalina. The replacement name, Cadulus martini Finlay, 1927, is itself a junior homonym of C. martini Whitfield, 1882. Replacement name: Dentalium javense Palmer, 1974. compressum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1889: 569, 570, pl. 28, fig. 18. Recent. Hong Kong. Junior homonym of Dentalium compressum d’Orbigny, 1850; D. compressum Watson, 1879; D. compressum Meyer, 1883; D. compressum Martin, 1885. Replacement name: Dentalium (Fissidentalium) hungerfordi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 84. Compressidentalium hungerfordi (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) (fide Habe 1963: 260). comprimatum, Dentalium (Compressidens) Plate, 1908a: 349, 350, pl. 30, figs 26-34. Recent. Zanzibar Channel, Valdivia stn 245, 5°27.9’S, 39°18.8’E, 463 m. Lectotype ZMB 61101a (designated by Kilias 1995: 173); paralectotypes ZMB 61101b (2). Compressidens comprimatum (Plate, 1908) (fide Scarabino 1995: 370). Indian Ocean: East Africa. 238-463 m. concinnum, Dentalium von Martens, 1878: 134. Recent. West Africa, Gazelle Exp., 10°6.9’N, 17°16’W, 360 fms [657 m]. Lectotype ZMB 29310a (designated by Kilias 1995: 173); paralectotype ZMB 29310b. Fissidentalium concinnum (von Martens, 1878) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 249). Eastern Atlantic: Africa. 270-677 m. Remark: Both Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 249) and Kilias (1995: 173) erroneously gave 150 fms as the original depth. concretum, Dentalium Colman, 1958: 141, fig. 2. Recent. 27.5 miles E of Sydney, 300 fms [548 m]. Holotype AMS C62231; paratypes AMS C170638 (11). Striodentalium concretum (Colman, 1958) (fide Scarabino 1995: 241). Pacific Ocean: SE Australia. 6-1000 m. † confusum, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 220. Cretaceous: Turonian. Visé, Belgium. Replacement name for Dentalium alternans Ryckholt, 1851, a junior homonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu, 1843, and D. alternans Müller, 1851. congoensis, Dentalium Plate, 1908a: 349, pl. 30, figs 24, 25. Recent. Mouth of Congo River, Valdivia stn 71, 6°18.7’S, 12°2.1’E, 44 m. Holotype ZMB 61085. Junior synonym: Dentalium coarti Dautzenberg, 1912, and Dentalium coarti var. septemcostatum Dautzenberg, 1912 (fide Nicklès 578 1979: 44). Dentalium congoensis Plate, 1908. Eastern Atlantic: Africa. 4-150 m. Remark: Plate gave the latitude as “N” instead of “S”. congruens, Cadulus curtus var. Watson, 1879: 527 [Watson 1886: 21, pl. 3, fig. 7a]. Recent. Culebra Island [Virgin Is.], St Thomas, Challenger stn 24, 390 fms [712 m]. Syntype BMNH 1887.2.9.83. Cadulus congruens Watson, 1879 (fide Henderson 1920: 142). Known from the type locality only. Remark: Watson described this variety from 2 specimens, but the lot in BMNH is labelled “holotype” and contains a single specimen; the second specimen has not been found. conicum, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 1. Tertiary, Wanganui (Pliocene) and Ahuriri (Miocene) Formations. Shakespeare Cliff and Broken River, New Zealand. Lectotype NZGS TM4810 (designated by Keyes 1972: 96). Dentalium zelandicum Sowerby, 1866 (fide Keyes 1972: 96); Fissidentalium opacum (Sowerby, 1829) (fide Suter 1913: 819). conicum, Dentalium Seguenza, 1876: 266. Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Junior homonym of Dentalium conicum Hutton, 1873. Remark: we prefer not to rename this junior homonym because of the insufficient description and the lack of type material we consider it a nomen dubium. † conradi, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Harbison, 1933: 117, pl. 4, figs 18, 19. Miocene. Shepherd’s Pit, near Shiloh, New Jersey, USA. Holotype ANSP 12596; paratypes ANSP 19554 (57). conradi, Dentalium Dall, 1909: 136. Miocene. Astoria, Oregon, USA. An unnecessary replacement name for Teredo substriatum Conrad, 1849, a secondary homonym of Dentalium substriatum Deshayes, 1825. Remarks: Conrad’s name was already renamed Dentalium pseudonyma Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898; Dall’s replacement name is a junior objective synonym. Since Conrad’s name encompassed what Dall regarded as two species, Dall restricted the name substriatum Conrad, by describing the “smooth” form as a separate species, D. petricola. Emerson (1958: 93) concluded that petricola was a valid species of Dentalium (Rhabdus). conspicuum, Dentalium Melvill, 1897: 21, pl. 7, fig. 28. Recent. Karachi [Pakistan]. Syntypes BMNH 1897.7.30.80-81. Junior synonym of Tesseracme quadrapicalis (Hanley in Sowerby, 1860) (fide Scarabino 1995: 222). † constrictum, Dentalium Newton & Harris, 1894: 64, text-fig. Eocene, London Clay. Fareham and Portsmouth, England, Great Britain. Junior synonyms: Entaliopsis annulata Newton & Harris, 1894; Dentalium entaliopsis Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 (fide Jeffery & Tracey 1997: 90). Antalis constricta (Newton & Harris, 1894) (fide Jeffery & Tracey 1997: 90, pl. 15, figs 3-6). cookei, Dentalium (Dentalium) Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 29. Recent. Gulf of Suez. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Holotype (of Dentalium acus Cooke, 1885) UMZC I.100,735. Replacement name for Dentalium acus Cooke, 1885, a junior homonym of Dentalium acus Eichwald, 1856. Dentalium cookei Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897. Indian Ocean, Red Sea. 75-148 m. † coonensis, Cadulus Stephenson, 1941: 256, pl. 46, fig. 23. Cretaceous, Ripley Formation. Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 32824; 12 paratypes USNM Paleobiology 76784. Remarks: Stephenson (1941: 256) also recorded this taxon from the Navarro Group (Cretaceous) of Texas. This species was misidentified as Cadulus obnutus Conrad, 1869 by Wade (1926). † cooperi, Dentalium Gabb, 1864: 139, pl. 21, fig. 100. Cretaceous. San Diego; NE of Martinez; near Fort Téjon; Curry’s, S of Mount Diablo; and Siskiyou Mountains, California, USA. Remark: Anderson & Hanna (1925: 143) concluded that “it is entirely probable that the type came from” Rose Canyon, near San Diego. † corallinum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 (volume 2): 12. Jurassic. La Rochelle, France. cordiseturata, Entalina Habe, 1953: 399 [ex Kuroda MS]. Nomen nudum. coridisecturatum, Dentalium (Entalina) Shikama, 1964: 35, caption to fig. 62(6) [ex Kuroda MS]. Nomen nudum. Recent. Okezoko, off Cape Ashizuri, southwestern Shikoku, Japan. Remark: as a nomen nudum in Goto & Poppe (1996: 1025). corneum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1767. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. cornicula, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. corniculum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † cornu, Dentalium de Koninck, 1877: 315, 316, pl. 23, fig. 4; 1898: 249, pl. 23, fig. 4. Carboniferous. Karúa, New South Wales, Australia. cornubovis, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1906: 249, 250. Recent. Indian Ocean, 1154 fms [2106 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1906.10.12.142-144 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 249, “the largest (63 mm) of the 3 syntypes in BMNH”); paralectotypes ZSI M3735/1. Fissidentalium cornubovis (E. A. Smith, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 249). Indo-Pacific: Africa to New Caledonia. 2089-4350 m. Remark: the manuscript list of Investigator Exp. types in BMNH gives the holotype and 3 paratypes in ZSI M3735/1, and 3 paratypes BMNH 1906.10.12. 142-144. cornucopiae, Entalina Boissevain, 1906: 63, 64, pl. 6, fig. 89, text-fig. 30. Recent. Indonesia, Siboga stn 52, 09°03.4’S, 119°56.7’E, 959 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.086. Megaentalina cornucopiae (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe 1963: 272). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan. 200-3250 m. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) † corpulentus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886: 66, pl. 3, fig. 5. Eocene. Red Bluff, Mississippi, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 644579. Cadulus (Polyschides) corpulentus Meyer, 1886 (fide MacNeil & Dockery 1984: 249). corrugatum, Dentalium Hupé in Gay, 1854: 276, pl. 2, fig. 8. Tertiary. Topocalma, Colchagua Province, Chile. Junior synonym of Dentalium subgiganteum d’Orbigny, 1852 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 217). corrugatum, Dentalium Carpenter, 1857: 189. Recent. Mazatlan [Mexico]. Holotype BMNH 1857.6.4. 881 (fide Keen 1968: 403, text-fig. 24). Junior homonym of Dentalium corrugatum Hupé in Gay, 1854. Replacement name: Cadulus (Gadila) panamensis Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 191, which is a junior synonym of Gadila perpusilla (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fide Emerson 1971: 78). coruscum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Pilsbry, 1905: 117, pl. 5, figs 42, 43. Recent. Heda, Izu, Japan, 167 fms [305 m]. Holotype ANSP 88320. Laevidentalium coruscum (Pilsbry, 1905) (fide Habe 1963: 268). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to New Caledonia and Japan. 100-1890 m. † cossmannianum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 467, 468, pl. 10, fig. 1, pl. 11, figs 10, 11. Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Holotype ANSP 2709 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 399); paratypes ANSP 79475. † costae, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 202. Pliocene. Italy. Name for Dentalium lacteum sensu O. G. Costa 1851 non Deshayes, 1825. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp erroneously attributed this name to “Deshayes, 1898”. † costaricense, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911: 165, 166, fig. 3. Pliocene? Costa Rica. Holotype ANSP 3204; paratypes ANSP 78955 (2). Remark: as a nomen nudum in Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 254). † costatior, Dentalium (Entalis) miopseudoentalis “?” var. Sacco, 1897: 106, pl. 9, figs 12, 13 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.03.006-BS.106.03. 007 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306). † costatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 162, pl. 70, fig. 8. Pliocene. Holywell Craig, England, United Kingdom. Remarks: Dentalium costatum – Nyst (1845: 344, pl. 25, fig. 2; 1881: 121, pl. 7, fig. 15) was subsequently described as D. dollfusi Koenen, 1883; D. costatum – J. de C. Sowerby in Dixon (1850: 162, pl. 70, fig. 8) was subsequently described as D. angustum Deshayes, 1861 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 198). † costulatior, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var. Sacco, 1897: 101, pl. 8, fig. 55 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.047 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 304). † costulatior, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897: 96, pl. 7, figs 93, 94 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 579 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.01.042 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 303). † costulatissima, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897: 96, pl. 7, figs 95, 96 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Castenuova d’Asti and Viale, Montafia, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01. 043, BS.106.01.044 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 303). † crassulum, Dentalium Stoliczka, 1868: 444, pl. 27, fig. 21. Cretaceous. Trichinopoly group. South of Serdamungalum, India. crassum, Dentalium Salis Marschlins, 1793: 358 [citing Gualtieri 1742: pl. 10, fig H; Martini 1769: pl. 1, fig. 4]. Recent. Tarento [Italy]. Junior synonym of Fissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791) (as Salis Marschlins cited the same figures as Gmelin). crassum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † crebrestriata, Dentalium sexangulum var. Coppi, 1881: 85 [original spelling crebre striata]. Pliocene. Bagalo and Niciola, Italy. crenatocinctum, Coleolus Hall, 1879. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. Remark: considered to be a Dentalium by Whitfield (1882). † cretaceum, Dentalium Conrad, 1852: 228, App. pl. 1, fig. 1. Cretaceous. Safed, Syria. Type material presumed lost (not found by Beecher 1900). Junior synonym: Dentalium syriacum Fraas, 1867 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 221; Blanckenhorn 1927: 123). † cretaustralium, Laevidentalium Stilwell, 1999: 223, 224, figs 2, 3H-K. Cretaceous, Upper Albian? Coober Pedy, S[outh]. Australia. Holotype AMS F31169-1; paratypes AMS F31169-2, AMS F31169-2, JCU 11614. † cristatus, Entalis Mansuy, 1914: 52, pl. 7, fig. 17. Tertiary. Phnom Nien, near Sisophon, Cambodia. Remark: Hayasaka (1925: 24) stated that: “This cannot be an Entalis but is a Dentalium.” crocea, Dentalium dentale var. Dautzenberg, 1884: 302 [ex Monterosato MS; nomen nudum in Monterosato 1878: 76]. “Coste de Barbaria” [= North Africa]. Recent. Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia. Synonym of Antalis dentalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Remark: Dautzenberg appears to be the first author to have validated Monterosato’s 1878 nomen nudum. crocinum, Dentalium Dall, 1907: 169. Recent. Gulf of Tokio, Japan, USFC stn 5094, 35°04.42’N, 139°38.20’E, 88 fms [162 m]. Holotype USNM 110508. Calliodentalium crocinum (Dall, 1907) (fide Habe 1964: 31). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan and Australia. 27-1200 m. crosnieri, Dentalium Scarabino, 1995: 211, 212, figs 18, 28b. Recent. New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, RV Alis, MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW428, 20°24’S, 166°13’E, 420 m. Holotype MNHN and 7 paratypes (3 from stn MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 428; 1 from BIOGEOCAL, stn DW 292; 2 from 580 stn MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 459; 1 from stn MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 487). Dentalium crosnieri Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 420-500m. crosnieri, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) Nicklès, 1979: 60, figs 15, pl. 1, fig. III. Recent. Vridi, Côte d’Ivoire, 20 m. Holotype and 4 paratypes MNHN. Fustiaria crosnieri Nicklès, 1979. Eastern Atlantic: Africa, Côte d’Ivoire. 19-20 m. † crox, Dentalium “?” Keyserling, 1847: 228, pl. 1, figs 8, 8a. Devonian. Inä [Lake Baikal region], Siberia, Russia. † crux, Dentalium (Antale) Boettger, 1907: 210. Miocene. Valea Semini, Valea Casilor, Parau Ungurului, and Parau Lui, Kostej, Romania. Lectotype SMF XIII.2a (selected by Zilch 1934: 279, pl. 22, fig. 29). Dentalium (Antalis) crux Boettger, 1907 (fide Zilch 1934: 279). Remark: Hörnes (1856) misidentified this species as Dentalium pseudoentalis Lamarck, 1818. cubcanaliculatum, see subcanaliculatum. † cucumis, Cadulus Koenen, 1892: 990, 991, pl. 59, figs 21, 22. Lower Oligocene. Atzendorf and Unseburg, Germany. cucurbitus, Cadulus Dall, 1881: 35. Recent. Off Bahia Honda, Cuba, Blake stn 19, 23°03’N, 83°10.30’W, 310 fms [567 m]. Holotype MCZ 7750. Cadulus cucurbitus Dall, 1881. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 566 m. curtum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 100, pl. 225, fig. 62. Recent. Type locality not designated. Type material not located. Dentalium curtum Sowerby, 1860. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. curtus, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 527 [Watson 1886: 21, pl. 3, fig. 7]. Recent. Challenger stn 24, off Culebra Island [Virgin Is.], St Thomas, 18°38. 30’N, 65°05.30’W, 390 fms [712 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1994042 (5). Cadulus curtus Watson, 1879. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 300-712 m. curvotracheatum, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) Plate, 1908a: 358, pl. 30, fig. 47. Recent. Zanzibar Channel, Valdivia stn 245, 5°27.9’S, 39°18.8’E, 463 m. Holotype ZMB 61086. Junior synonym of Calliodentalium semitracheatum (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 273). † curvum, Siphodentalium [sic] Gardner, 1878: 63, pl. 3, figs 45-47. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone and Sevenoaks (Atherfield beds), England, United Kingdom. Entalina curva (Gardner, 1878) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 234). † curvus, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974: 12, 15, text-fig. 8z-aa; pl. 1, figs 12-14. Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation, Wheelock Member. Little Brazos Bluff, Brazos River Valley, Brazos County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180437; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 180436, PRI 29223, ANSP 31501 (all from Little Brazos Bluff), USNM 180438 (Stone City Bluff). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) cuspidatus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Nicklès, 1979: 73, fig. 30. Recent. Bay of Saloum, Senegal, 50 m. Holotype and 36 paratypes MNHN. Polyschides cuspidatus (Nicklès, 1979). Eastern Atlantic: Africa, Senegal. 50 m. cyathoides, Cadulus (Cadulus) Jaeckel, 1932: 308, fig. 5. Recent. Padang Islands, Sumatra, Valdivia stn 191, 0°39.2’S, 98°52.3’E, 750 m. Lectotype ZMB 75361a (designated by Kilias 1995: 174); paralectotypes ZMB 76361b-75362, ZMB 75363 (stn 211, Nicobar Islands, 7°48.8’N, 93°7.6’E, 805 m). Cadulus cyathoides Jaeckel, 1932. IndoPacific: Africa to Philippines, Red Sea(?). 10-2050 m. † cyathus, Creseis Cristofori & Jan, 1832: 1. Pliocene. Italy. Cadulus cyathus (Cristofori & Jan, 1832) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 157, 158, pl. 32, figs 36-39). Remark: Di Geronimo & La Perna (1997: 417) concluded that Cadulus attenuatus Monterosato, 1875 was a valid species and not a junior synonym of C. cyathus, as stated by previous authors. cylindraceum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. cylindratus, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1877: 158. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntypes USNM 169479 (1; Valorous stn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms [2646 m]), USNM 169480 (1; Porcupine 1869 stn 31, 56°15’N, 11°25’W, 1360 fms [2482 m]), USNM 169481 (1; Porcupine 1869 stn 30, 54°24’N, 11°49’W, 1380 fms [2519 m]), USNM 169482 (1; Porcupine 1869 stn 20, 55°11’N, 11°31’W, 1443 fms [2633 m]), BMNH 85.11.5.1284-1285 (Porcupine, no locality). Cadulus cylindratus Jeffreys, 1877. Eastern Atlantic: Norwegian Basin to Bay of Biscay and Azores; Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA). 1200-3000 m. cylindrica, Hensonella Elliott, 1960. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. cylindricum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. Remarks: Dentalium cylindricum – Roemer 1836 is Laevidentalium elongatum (Goldfuss, 1841) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 37); Dentalium cylindricum – Fischer de Waldheim 1843 is Dentalium gladiolus Eichwald, 1846 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 223). cylindricum, Dentalium – Gardner 1878: 61, pl. 3, figs 21-25 non J. Sowerby, 1814. Cretaceous. Blackdown, England, United Kingdom. Remarks: Gardner (1878: 61) recognized that Sowerby’s species was actually a Ditrupa (Polychaeta), but Gardner then used Sowerby’s name for a scaphopod: “I have here transferred the name to the Blackdown fossils, as it has been for a long time almost universally applied to them.” Replacement name: Dentalium subplanum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. † cylindricus, Cadulus R. Janssen, 1989: 88, pl. 2, fig. 16. Middle Oligocene, Rupelian, Boom Clay Formation. Kruibeke, East Flanders, Belgium. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Holotype RGM 221002a; paratype RGM 221002b. † cyrtoceratoides, Entalis de Koninck, 1883: 216, pl. 49, figs 13-15. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Dentalium cyrtoceratoides (de Koninck, 1883) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 230). † cyrtoceroides, Dentalium Broili, 1907: 71, pl. 6, fig. 3. Triassic, Carnian. Seiser Alp, Tirol, Austria. dacostianum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 33; 1850: 3. Recent. No information on habitat and type material. Dentalium dacostianum Chenu, 1843. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 61) considered this a doubtful species, although they listed it as valid. dalli, Cadulus (Polyschides) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 155, 156, pl. 30, figs 19-23. Recent. West coast of Patagonia [Chile] USFC stn 2783, 51°02’30”S, 74°08’30”W, 122 fms [223 m], and USFC stn 2784, 48°41’S, 74°24’W, 194 fms [354 m]. Syntypes USNM 602253 (2, stn 2784), USNM 122746 (1, stn 2784; in error as USNM 123736 in original description), SBMNH 35039 (1, stn 2783), AMNH 148395 (3). Siphonodentalium dalli (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) (fide Steiner & Linse 2000: 21-25). Southern Atlantic, Antarctica. 93-695 m. Remark: Although Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 156) specified two type lots, they also mentioned “Magellan Strait, 369 fms [673 m]” which is not part of the type series. dalli, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 114, 115, pl. 21, fig. 46. Recent. Santa Barbara Channel, north of Santa Rosa Island, USFC stn 3200, 34°15’N, 120°14’30”W, 265 fms [485 m]. Syntypes USNM 107696, USNM 599443, LACM 1756 (1, as paratype), SBMNH 35040. Rhabdus dalli (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). Eastern Pacific: California to Chile. 360-1205 m. Remark: Shimek (1998: 83) synonymized this species with Rhabdus rectius. However, it remains to be determined whether the specimens reported from the type locality southwards to Chile are correctly referred to this species, which was described from the northeastern Pacific. † danai, Dentalium Meyer, 1885: 462; 1886: 64, pl. 3, figs 2, 2a. Eocene. Jackson, Mississippi, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 638703 (as “holotype” in Palmer & Brann 1965: 371). Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) danai (Meyer, 1885) (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 371). † danvillense, Dentalium (Antalis) Palmer, 1947: 210212, pl. 26, figs 23-27. Eocene, Jackson Formation. Louisiana, USA. Holotype PRI 4472; paratypes PRI 4473-4476. dartevellei, Cadulus (Dischides) Nicklès, 1979: 72, fig. 28. Recent. Malembe Beach (Zaire) [Congo]. Holotype MRAC 792481. Dischides dartevellei (Nicklès, 1979). Known from the type locality only. † davasense, Dentalium (Entalis) Oppenheim, 1919: 55, pl. 2, figs 4, 4b. Miocene. Kaleh-Davas, Turkey. 581 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. decemcostata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. Sacco, 1896: 97. Nomen nudum. Remark: subsequently described as Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. decemcostulata Sacco, 1897. † decemcostata, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var. Sacco, 1897: 109, pl. 9, fig. 56 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.031 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 308). decemcostatum, Dentalium antverpiense “forma” Goddeeris, 1978: 72. Miocene. Belgium. Nomen nudum. Remark: this is also an unavailable infrasubspecific name (ICZN 1999: articles 45.5 and 45.6.3). decemcostatum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 55. Recent. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fms [15 m]. Lectotype AMS A90 (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 34); paralectotype AMS C308152. Dentalium decemcostatum Brazier, 1877. Indo-Pacific: New Guinea and Australia. 2-271 m. † decemcostatum, Dentalium Quaas, 1902: 233, 234, pl. 25, figs 19-21. Cretaceous. Overwegischichten, Ammonitenberge, Libya. Junior homonym of Dentalium decemcostatum Brazier, 1877. Remark: we prefer not to rename this junior homonym until its species status and systematics are better documented. † decemcostulata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. Sacco, 1897: 103, pl. 8, fig. 65. Pliocene. Villavernia, Bordighera and Astigiana, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.057 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 305). † decoratum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 3, pl. 166, fig. 9 [ex Münster MS]. Triassic. St Cassian, Tirol, Austria/Italy. Remark: also cited in Wissmann 1841: 91, pl. 9, fig. 7. decurtata, Dentalium vulgare var. Monterosato, 1884: 32. Nomen nudum. Recent. Mediterranean. † decussatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 161, pl. 70, fig. 5. Cretaceous. Sussex, England, United Kingdom. Junior synonyms: Dentalium ellipticum J. Sowerby, 1814 (fide Gardner 1878: 58, First Reviser according to ICZN 1999: article 24); Dentalium nutans Kner, 1852 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 221); Dentalium bicostale Ryckholt, 1851 (tentatively, fide Ryckholt 1851). deforgesi, Dentalium Scarabino, 1995: 213, 214, figs 20, 28d, 71a, b. Recent. South of New Caledonia, RV Coriolis, CHALCAL 2, stn DW 73, 24°40’S, 168°38’E, 573 m. Holotype MNHN and 6 paratypes (2 from CHALCAL 2, stn DW 73; 4 from CHALCAL 2, stn 1146). Dentalium deforgesi Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific, New Caledonia. 185-575 m. deforme, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † defrancii, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 211, pl. 2, figs 14-16. Eocene. Paris Basin (Le Guépelle, Ermenonville and Montagny), France. Remark: a 582 valid species of Dentalium (Entaliopsis) (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). † degrangei, Dentalium (Antale) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 163-165, pl. 1, figs 19-22. Miocene, Helvetian. Orthez (Le Paren), Sallespisse and Saint-Étienned’Orthe, France. † degrangei, Gadila (Loxoporus) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 184, pl. 2, figs 14, 15. Miocene, Helvetian. Saint-Étienne-d’Orthe, France. † dehmi, Dentalium Kuhn, 1935: 127, pl. 8, fig. 7a-c. Jurassic, Dogger. Forth, Bavaria, Germany. † dejtarense, Dentalium densitextum var. Báldi, 1973: 337, pl. 50, fig. 9. Upper Oligocene. Dejtár, Hungary. † dekagonum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 984-986, pl. 59, fig. 2. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf and Mühlingen, Germany. delesserti, Entalis Chenu, 1859: 374, fig. 2804. Unjustified emendation of Dentalium delessertianum Chenu, 1843 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 82). Remarks: Dentalium delesserti sensu de Stefani (1884: 236) from the Tertiary of Italy is Dentalium rectum var. monterosatoi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 214) established the variety monterosatoi as a replacement name for Dentalium philippi Monterosato, 1872 non Chenu, 1843. delessertianum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 10; 1850: 3. Type locality not designated (“Fossile de ?”). Type material not located. Junior synonym of Fissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791), Pliocene of Italy (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 213; fide Caprotti 1979: 223). Remark: oldest available name for Dentalium striatum Lamarck, 1818 non Born, 1790 (fide Bellini 1909: 228). delicatulus, Cadulus (Gadila) Suter, 1913: 823; 1915: pl. 32, fig. 7. Recent. Milford Sound [New Zealand], 100-120 fms [183-219 m]. Holotype NZGS TM1220; paratype NZGS TM1221 (fide Boreham 1959: 75). Cadulus delicatulus Suter, 1913. New Zealand. 20-602 m. Remark: Scarabino (1995: 333) tentatively referred this species to Siphonodentalium. † delli, Cadulus Marwick, 1965: 47, pl. 10, figs 17, 18. Late Pliocene, Nukumaruan. NZGS locality GS 2818, railway tunnel, Waihua River, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM3772 (locality GS 2818); paratype NZGS TM3771 (NZGS locality GS1409). Striocadulus delli (Marwick, 1965) (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424). † delphinense, Dentalium Fontannes, 1880: 10; 1882: 227-229, pl. 12, figs 3-5. Pliocene. Fay-d’Albon (Drôme), France. Remark: Fontannes (1882: 228) recorded this species from a number of additional localities in southeastern France. demersum, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1927: 142. Upper Cretaceous, Ripley Formation. Dave Weeks property on Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee, USA. Type material USNM Paleobiology 32821. Replacement name for Dentalium inornatum Wade, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) 1926, a junior homonym of Dentalium inornatum McCoy in Griffith, 1844. Junior synonym of Dentalium leve Stephenson, 1923 (fide Stephenson 1941: 253, 254). denacta, Dentalia Perry, 1811: caption to pl. 52. Recent. “Eastern Ocean”. Nomen dubium. No information on type material. † denotatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Ludbrook, 1956: 3, 4, pl. 1, figs 7-9. Pliocene. Abbatoirs Bore and Dry Creek Sands, South Australia. Holotype SAM F 15140; 14 paratypes SAM. Remark: Ludbrook (1941: 101) misidentified this species as Dentalium bifrons Tate, 1887. densatum, Dentalium Conrad, 1865: 212, pl. 20, fig. 15. Eocene. Type locality not given in original description. Junior synonym of Dentalium mississippiense Conrad, 1848 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 209). denseliratum, Antalis Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 250 [ex Carpenter MS]. Recent. Eastern Pacific: San Pedro, California, USA. Holotype USNM 19463. Junior synonym of Antalis pretiosa (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 45; 1898: 250). Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp were the first to publish this manuscript name: “There is also a museum name afloat ‘Antalis denseliratum Cpr.’ for young indianorum with a distinct slit on the convex side. One such in U.S. Nat. Mus. from San Pedro (No. 19.463), is 19 mill. long, 2.9 wide at aperture”. This name appears to have been overlooked in the subsequent literature. Pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 11.6, this name is considered to have been published in synonymy of Dentalium indianorum Carpenter, 1864, hence not an available name. † densitexta, Dentalium haeringense var. Noszky, 1940: 51, 73. Lower Oligocene, Rupelian. Budapest district, Hungary. Remark: Báldi (1973: 337) treated this taxon as a full species. † densmuris, Dentalium Mayer, 1858: 79, 80, pl. 4, fig. 3 [original spelling: dens muris]. Miocene. SaintJean-de-Marsacq, France. Dentalium densmuris Mayer, 1858 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 202). dentale, Dentalium Conrad, 1845: 78, pl. 44, fig. 9. Recent and Tertiary. North Atlantic. Junior synonym of Dentalium attenuatum Say, 1824 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 199). Remark: Conrad (1845), in the plate caption, stated that: “Dentalium dentale Conr. not Lin.; p. 78. It is D. attenuatum Say”. † dentalina, Ditrupa Guppy, 1873: 87, 88, pl. 1, fig. 11 (description); 1874: 444, 445, pl. 16, fig. 11 (name and figure only); 1875: 42 (description). Miocene. Jamaica. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 115607 (figured specimen), USNM Paleobiology 646435 (2). Described as a serpulid polychaete but in reality a scaphopod. Junior synonyms: Cadulus (Gadila) spiniformis Gardner, 1947; Cadulus hendersoni Woodring, 1925 (fide Woodring 1973: 487). Gadilopsis dentalina (Guppy, 1873) (fide ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Woodring 1925: 206, 207, as Cadulus (Gadilopsis) dentalinus). dentalis, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758: 785 [citing Rumphius 1705: t. 41, f. 6]. Recent. Mediterranean. Syntypes LS 612, ZMUU 924, ZMUU 1011a-b. Junior synonyms: Dentalium linnaeanum Locard, 1887 (145, footnote [incorrectly proposed replacement name to avoid tautonymy]); Dentalium simile Biondi Giunti, 1859 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 53). Antalis dentalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 53). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean. 0-300 m. † dentaloideum, Orthoceras Phillips, 1836: 239, pl. 21, fig. 12. Carboniferous. Bolland, Yorkshire, England. Dentalium? dentaloideum (Phillips, 1836) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 230). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 230) stated that this was “a doubtful Dentalium. L.-G. de Koninck considers it equally likely to be a Cyrtoceras [Cephalopoda]”. † denticulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1850: 36, pl. 61, figs 13, 15, 16. Fossil. Locality not specified. Junior synonym: Gadus parisiensis Deshayes, 1861 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 238). Polyschides denticulatum (Deshayes, 1850) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 238). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 238) erroneously dated this name to “1864” and they therefore listed it as a junior synonym of Polyschides parisiensis (Deshayes, 1861). † denticulustigris, Cadulus Maury, 1917: 324 [160], pl. 52 [26], fig. 7 [original spelling: denticulus-tigris]. Miocene. Rio Gurabo at Los Quemados, Dominican Republic. Cadulus denticulustigris Maury, 1917. † depressicollis, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 473, 474, pl. 11, figs 25-27. Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Type material ANSP 2884 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 401). † depressum, Laevidentalium Pavia, 1991: 126-128, pl. 6, figs 1-5. Upper Miocene. Borelli, near Turin, Italy. Holotype and 12paratypes MIGT BS.D.08.1. † depressus, Cadulus Meyer, 1884: 111, text-fig. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 638695. † dertornensis, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco, 1897: 110, pl. 10, figs 4, 5 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. San Agata, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.03.035, BS.106.03.036 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 308). desaintlaurentae, Gadila Scarabino, 1995: 361, 362, figs 166, 169f. Recent. Philippines, RV Coriolis MUSORSTOM 2, stn DR33, 13°32’N, 121°07’E, 130-137 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (8), AMS C201734, USNM 890855. Gadila desaintlaurentae Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Philippines to New Caledonia. 137-250 m. † deshayesi, Dentalium Risso, 1826b: 400. Tertiary. La Trinité and Saint-Jean, France. Type material presumed lost (fide Arnaud 1978: 114). Remark: Risso’s manuscript figure of this species was published by Arnaud (1978: pl. 10, fig. 169). 583 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. deshayesianum, Dentalium Galeotti, 1837. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. deshayesii, Dentalium Cocconi, 1874: 644, 645, pl. 6, fig. 17 [ex Guidotti MS]. Pliocene. Rivalta, Piacenza, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium deshayesi Risso, 1826. Replacement name: Dentalium guidotti Sacco, 1897. desmoulinsi, Dentalium (s.s.) Le Renard, 1994: 39. Replacement name for Dentalium affine Deshayes, 1861, a junior homonym of Dentalium affine Biondi, 1859. An objective junior synonym of Dentalium xiphias Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. diarrhox, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 511, 512 [Watson 1886: 4, pl. 1, fig. 5]. Recent. 400 miles NE of New Zealand, Challenger stn 169, 37°34’S, 179°22’E, 700 fms [1260 m]. Syntype BMNH 1887.2.9.13. Antalis diarrhox (Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1995: 236). Indo-Pacific: New Zealand. 401-1260 m. Remark: this species was described from four specimens but only one is in BMNH. Scarabino (1995: 236) cited BMNH 1887.2.9.65 in error. † diazicum, Dentalium Maury, 1920: 46, 47, pl. 7, fig. 1. Tertiary. Maury Station 185, near Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico. dichelum, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 521 [Watson 1886: 15, pl. 2, fig. 7]. Recent. Levuka Island, Fiji Islands, 12 fms [22 m]. Syntype BMNH 1887.2.9.65. Dischides dichelus (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 145; as Cadulus (Dischides) dichelus; fide Scarabino 1995: 340). Indo-Pacific: from Red Sea and Africa to Fiji Islands. 22-1295 m. Remark: the two fragments listed in the original description were not located. didymum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 517 [Watson 1886: 10, pl. 1, fig. 11]. Recent. Off Culebra Island, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°5’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.4344, BMNH without reg. No. (Challenger Acc.no. 2284, 2 possible syntypes). Junior synonym: Dentalium (Episiphon) johnsoni Emerson, 1952 (fide Scarabino 1975: 186). Episiphon didymum (Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1994: 308). Western Atlantic: Caribbean to Brazil. 2-740 m. difforme, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby in Dixon, 1850. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. diffusum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, figs 11, 12; 1850: 3. “Fossil” [type locality not specified]. Junior synonym of Graptacme secta (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 96). † dijki, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 186, 187, pl. 10, figs 184, 185; 1887: 186, 187, pl. 10, figs 184, 185. Miocene. Fatu Lulih, Fialarang, Timor; Grissee and Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Syntype RGM 7243 (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111, who noted that the description encompassed 15 specimens; evidently the remainder could not be located). 584 † dilatatum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 105, pl. 12, fig. 13; 1887b: 99, pl. 12, fig. 13. Cretaceous. Tumbez, Chile. † dilatatum, Pulsellum Cossmann, 1888: 11, pl. 1, fig. 21. Eocene. Near Soissons, France. Siphonodentalium dilatatum (Cossmann, 1888) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 234). Remark: a valid species of Pulsellum (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 86). † dingdenensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Goddeeris, 1977: 160, 161, fig. 4. Miocene. Dingden-Königsmühle, Germany. Holotype KBINW 5863. † diopon, Dentalium (Antalis) Gardner, 1947: 626, pl. 57, figs 23-23a. Oligocene. Alum Bluff Group, Shoal River Formation. USGS locality 3856, 6 miles NNW of Mossyhead, Walton County, Florida, USA. Two syntypes USNM Paleobiology 498398. † diploconus, Cadulus Seguenza, 1876: 266; 1879: 276. Pliocene. Messina, Italy. Remark: this species was erroneously attributed to “Seguenza, 1880” by Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 236). dipsycha, Dentalium (Dentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 33, 34, pl. 4, figs 57-60. Recent. Type locality unknown. Holotype ANSP 45468. Junior synonym of Tesseracme quadrapicalis (Hanley in Sowerby, 1860) (fide Scarabino 1995: 222). discrepans, Dentalium Risso, 1826a: 125. Fossil. Near Nice, France. Nomen nudum. dispar, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 103, pl. 224, fig. 37. Recent. Singapore and Samar Island, Philippines. Syntypes BMNH 1993007 (Samar Island, 4 fms [7 m]), BMNH 1993008 (Singapore, 6 fms [11 m]). Tesseracme dispar (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Habe & Kosuge 1964: 5). Indo-Pacific. 0-54 m. dispar, Dentalium Cocconi, 1874: 650, pl. 6, figs 2022. Miocene. Castell’Arquato and Majatico, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium dispar Sowerby, 1860. Replacement name: Dentalium (Pseudantalis) rubescens var. exdispar Sacco, 1897. Remark: Dentalium cocconii Sharp & Pilsbry, 1897 is an objective junior synonym of Dentalium rubescens var. exdispar, as it was also introduced as a replacement name later in the same year (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 214). disparile, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1853: 202, pl. 25, figs 14-17. Recent. Martinique. Syntypes BMNH 1854.10.4.465. Antalis disparile (d’Orbigny, 1853) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 56). Western Atlantic, Caribbean to Santa Catarina, Brazil. 5-103 m. † dissimile, Dentalium Guppy, 1866: 292, pl. 17, fig. 4. Miocene (“Oligocene”), Bowden Formation. Bowden, Jamaica. Holotype BMNH (Palaeontology) 64082. Tesseracme dissimilis (Guppy, 1866) (fide Woodring 1973: 483). Remark: Dentalium ponderosum Gabb, 1873 was considered a variety of Tesseracme dissimilis by Pilsbry & Sharp (1898a: 470). divae, Cadulus Vélain, 1877: 128, 129, pl. 5, figs 1, 2. Recent. Island of St Paul [South Indian Ocean], ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) 38°S, 75°E, 90 m. Holotype MNHN. Gadila divae (Vélain, 1877) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 188). Known from type locality only. † divisiense, Dentalium Gardner, 1878: 60, pl. 3, fig. 15. Cretaceous, Upper Greensand. Devizes, United Kingdom. † divulgatum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Jung, 1969: 313, 314, pl. 13, figs 1, 2. Miocene, Springvale Formation. Melajo River area, Trinidad, West Indies. Holotype NMB G-12718; paratypes USNM Paleobiology (5; without catalog number). Remark: also recorded from numerous other stations in Trinidad. † dodecacostatum, Antalis Brunet, 1995: 54, pl. 5, fig. 9. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-083. † dolichus, Cadulus (Gadilopsis) Woodring, 1973: 486, pl. 70, fig. 7. Late Eocene, Bohio(?) Formation. USGS locality 18839, east side of Palenquilla Point, SW of Corozo Island, Canal Zone, Panama. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 646689. † dollfusi, Dentalium Koenen, 1883: 326, 327. Miocene. Germany and Belgium. No information on type material. Name introduced for “Dentalium costatum Nyst, 1880”, a junior homonym, or a misapplication, of Dentalium costatum J. Sowerby, 1814. Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 203) questioned the validity of this species: “Koenen states that this is not the costatum of Sowerby; but it is doubtful whether he had the real costatum of Nyst. The species dollfusi rests therefore upon Koenen’s description only. dollfusi, Dentalium Cossmann, 1899a: 137. Recent. Roussillon [Gulf of Lion], Mediterranean Sea. Replacement name for Dentalium alternans Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882, a junior homonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu, 1843. An objective junior synonym of Dentalium inaequicostatum Dautzenberg, 1891 (fide Cossmann 1900: 186). A junior homonym of Dentalium dollfusi Koenen, 1883. Antalis inaequicostata (Dautzenberg, 1891). dominguense, Cadulus d’Orbigny, 1853: 201, pl. 25, figs 7-9. Recent. Saint-Domingue [Dominican Republic]; Martinique; Saint-Thomas; Cuba. Syntypes BMNH 1854.10.4.466 (Saint-Domingue). Gadila dominguensis (d’Orbigny, 1853) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 191). Western Atlantic: Caribbean to Brazil. 33-110 m. Remark: doubtful records from the West African coast by Nicklés (1955: 100; 1979: 64). dorsicostata, Entalina Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 138, 139, figs 141B, 142C, D, 144. Recent. Off Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 17°50.67’S, 147°18.2’E, 703 m. Holotype QM MO17729; paratypes QM MO40069 (1), QM MO17756 (1; northern Queensland, 17°33’S, 146°55’E), AMS C169774 (6; 80 km SW of Cape Martin, South Australia, 37°50’-37°55’S, 139°15’-139°25’E, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) 1555 m), AMS C169795 (30; 48 km south of Cape Nelson, Victoria, 2000 m), AMS C169989 (3; off Woollongong, New South Wales, 34°27-26’S, 151°27’E, 1200 m), AMS C169796 (1; east of Sandy Cape, Queensland, 24°43.5-8’S, 153°33.433.3’E, 604 m). Entalina dorsicostata Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific, Australia. 153-2000 m. doumenci, Gadila Scarabino, 1995: 360, 361, figs 165, 169a. Recent. N Mozambique Channel, Banc du Geyser, BENTHEDI stn DS11, 12°16,3’S, 46°42,2’E, 2300-2450 m. Holotype MNHN and 3 paratypes (1 from stn DS103; 2 from BENTHEDI stn DS40). Gadila doumenci Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to New Caledonia. 1002700 m. duartei, Wemersoniella Scarabino, 1986a: 5, figs 6-11, 17-21. Recent. Cuenca Argentina, Vema stn V-1780, 43°58’S, 52°09’W, 5781 m. Holotype AMNH 202770; paratypes AMNH 202771, 202772 (stn V-17-81, 5332 m), MCZ 293962, MHNM 14760, 14761, MNHN. Wemersoniella duartei Scarabino, 1986. Western Atlantic: Puerto Rico to Brazil. 5332-5781 m. † dufresnii, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 361, 362, pl. 17, fig. 18. Pliocene. Marcigny, Bourgogne, France. † dujardini, Dentalium (Antale) Peyrot, 1938: 10, 11. Miocene, Helvetian. Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois, Pont-Levoy, Manthelan, and Louans, Ligerian Basin, Touraine, France. Type material stated to be in author’s collection. Remark: Dujardin (1837) erroneously identified this species as Dentalium pseudoantalis Lamarck, 1818. † dumasi, Dentalium Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 162, 163, pl. 1, figs 14, 15, pl. 2, fig. 18. Miocene, Tortonian and Helvetian. Saubrigues, Saint-Jeande-Marsacq and Parleboscq (La Guirande), France. Tentative junior synonym of Dentalium michelotti Hörnes, 1856 (fide Pavia 1991: 111). † dumasi, Fustiaria “(?)” Cossmann, 1919: 141 [89], pl. 3, fig. 49. Eocene. Le Bois-Gouët, France. dumblei, Dentalium minutistriatum var. Kennedy, 1895 : 97 [spelled dumbli], 114, 123, 126, 128, 130 [ex Harris MS]. Eocene. Texas. Nomen nudum; not made available by subsequent citation by Dumble (1920 : 171) and Plummer (in Sellards et al. 1933 : 693) (fide Palmer 1937: 21; 1947: 215). dunkeri, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 221, 222. Cretaceous. Near Cassel, Germany. Replacement name for Dentalium rugosum Dunker, 1848 non Eichwald “1846” [sic, 1857]. Remark: an unnecessary replacement name, since Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 222) erroneously dated Eichwald’s name to 1846, not 1857. duodecemcostatum, see duodecimcostatum Brazier, 1877. duodecenaria, Dentalium Conrad, 1862b: 570 (citing Emmons 1858: 274, fig. 188). Miocene. North Carolina. Junior synonym of Dentalium attenuatum Say, 1824 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 199). 585 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Remark: the specimen figured by Emmons (1858) was labeled as “Dentalium attenuatum Say,” but Conrad considered this specimen to be a distinct, new species. † duodecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. Sacco, 1897: 103, 104, pl. 8, fig. 69 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Villavernia and Zinola, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.061 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 305). † duodecimcostatum, Dentalium d’Archiac, 1850: 443. Oligocene? Biarritz, France. duodecimcostatum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 56. Recent. Darnley Island, Torres Straits [northern Australia], 30 fms [55 m]. Holotype AMS C170764. Junior homonym of Dentalium duodecimcostatum d’Archiac, 1850. Replacement name: Dentalium healyi n. nom. Dentalium duodecemcostatum [Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 61] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † duodecimplicatum, Dentalium Repelin, 1907: 16, pl. 1, figs 12, 13. Upper Cretaceous, Saumatrian, Lower Campanian. Plan d’Aups, France. † duplex, Dentalium Defrance, 1819a: 71. Eocene. Parnes, Seine-et-Oise [Oise], France. Junior synonym: Dentalium bicarinatum Deshayes, 1825 (fide Deshayes 1864: 203). Remark: a valid species of Lobantale (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). duplicatum, Dentalium Blainville, 1825. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † durhami, Cadulus (Platyschides) Emerson, 1957: 989, 990, pl. 126, fig. 3. Oligocene, Lincoln stage, Lincoln formation. UCMP loc. A-8723, Grays Harbor County, Washington, USA. Holotype UCMP 37582; paratype UCMP 37583. eboracense, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 523 [Watson 1886: 17, pl. 2, fig. 10]. Recent. Torres Strait, Cape York, Australia, 3-11 fms [5.5-20 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.69/1 (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 144); paralectotypes BMNH 1887.2.9.69/2-4 (3). Pulsellum eboracense (Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1995: 322). IndoPacific: Australia. 5-321 m. eboreum, Dentalium Conrad, 1846b: 27. Recent. Tampa Bay [west coast of Florida]. Lectotype ANSP 35530 (designated by Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 89); paralectotype ANSP 320995. Junior synonyms: Dentalium leptum Bush [in Verrill], 1885b; Dentalium matara Dall, 1889 (fide Henderson 1920: 66); Dentalium amaliense Henderson, 1920 (fide Scarabino 1975: 185). Graptacme eborea (Conrad, 1846) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 89). Western Atlantic: Caribbean to Brazil. 0-195 m. Remarks: original type locality was “southern coast of Florida” and the restriction to Tampa by Pilsbry & Sharp is pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 76.2. Since the Latin stem “ebur” is not used as a name proper but in its adjective form, the ending needs to be adjusted to the female gender of the genus name. 586 eburneum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1767: 1264 [no references given]. Recent. India. Type material not located. Junior synonyms: Dentalium annulare Sowerby, 1829; Dentalium indicum Chenu, 1843 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 116); Dentalium philippinarum Sowerby, 1860 (fide Scarabino 1995: 291). Laevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767) (fide Habe & Kosuge 1964: 7). Indo-Pacific: India to Philippines. 44-200 m. Remark: the species misidentified as Dentalium eburneum by G. B. Sowerby (1825: pl. 138, fig. 6) is Dentalium subeburneum d’Orbigny, 1850. ecostatum, Dentalium Kirk, 1880. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. edenensis, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 87, figs 82E, 83E, 89. Recent. Tasman Sea, east of Eden, New South Wales, Australia, 36°57.95’S, 150°22’E, 616-1050 m. Holotype AMS C303583; paratypes AMS C174458 (2), AMS C174170 (3), AMS C174457 (3). Fissidentalium edenensis Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Pacific Ocean: eastern Australia. 322-1050 m. edoense, Dentalium Tokunaga, 1906. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † elassum, Dentalium (Episiphon) innumerabile subsp. Woodring, 1973: 485, pl. 75, fig. 26. Middle Miocene, Gatun Formation. USGS locality 5845, Quebrancha Hills, overlooking Gatun Lake, Canal Zone, Panama. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 646738. † elaticosta, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco, 1897: 110, pl. 10, fig. 6 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. San Agata, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.037 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 308). elegans, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1310, 1311, pl. 1, figs 1, 2, pl. 2, figs 1-9. Recent. Indian Ocean, Vitjaz stn 6744-5 T, 12°46.7’S, 88°54.4’E, 51005200 m. Holotype ZIN; paratypes IOM (1 from stn 5193, 32°48.9’S, 103°58.2’E, 5300 m; 1 from stn 6742-11, 13°01.2’S, 91°15.5’E, 5600-5800 m; 2 from stn 6742-15, 13°01.2’S, 91°15.5’E, 5280 m). Costentalina elegans Chistikov, 1982. Indo-Pacific: Australia. 5100-5800 m. † elegantissimus, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 473, pl. 11, figs 28-30. Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Syntypes ANSP 2885 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 401), ANSP 79571. elegantissimus, Striocadulus (Sagamicadulus) Sakurai & Shimazu, 1963: 250, 251, text-fig. 1. Recent. Off Hayama, Sagami Bay, 30-70 fms [55-128 m]. Holotype and paratype NSMT. Sagamicadulus elegantissimus (Sakurai & Shimazu, 1963) (fide Scarabino 1995: 334). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 55-128 m. elegantulum, Dentalium (Antalis) Penna-Neme, 1974: 108, figs 1, 3, 8. Recent. Akaroa stn 183, 10°41’02”S, 36°20’25”W, 100 m. Holotype MZUSP 18699; paratypes MZUSP 18700, MZUSP 18702, MNRJ 3646. Junior synonym of ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Antalis infracta (Odhner, 1931) (fide Scarabino 1975: 184). elenae, Gadila Scarabino, 1995: 359, 360, figs 164, 169d. Recent. New Caledonia, RV Vauban MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW 156, 18°54’S, 163°19’E, 525 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (7; 2 from MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW 156; 2 from BIOCAL stn DW 08; 1 from MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW 160; 2 from MUSORSTOM 6 stn DW 410), AMS C201733 (1; MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW 160), NMNZ M268956 (1; MUSORSTOM 4 stn DW 160). Gadila elenae Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 435-668 m. elephantinum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758: 785 [citing: Buonanni 1684: I. t. 8; Lister 1685-1692: 4. s. 2. f. 3; Rumphius 1705: t. 41. f. I; Petiver 1713: t. 16. f. 33, 1702-1711: t. 13. f. 9; Gualtieri 1742: t. 10. f. I; d’Argenville 1742: t. 7. f. H]. Recent. Indian Ocean [Ambon, Indonesia]. Syntypes ZMUU 805a-b, ZMUU 1008a-b, LS 610. Junior synonyms: Dentalium arcuatum Gmelin, 1791; ?Dentalium recurvum Deshayes, 1825; Dentalium striatum Born, 1778 (partim) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 2); Dentalium viridis Perry, 1811 (fide Habe 1964: 6). Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758. Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to Australia. 0-40 m. Remark: placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology as the type species of Dentalium by ICZN Direction 73 (1957). † elephantinus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 95. Mesozoic [?]. Sternberg and Ludwigslust (Mecklenberg), Germany. Remark: although Schlotheim (1820) compared this fossil species with the Recent Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758, these two species are not synonyms. elephas, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 107, 108, pl. 17, fig. 10. Recent. Off St. Vincent [Lesser Antilles], West Indies, Blake stn 230, 13°13’20”N, 61°18’45”W, 464 fms [846 m]. Holotype MCZ 7741. Gadila elephas (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 640-1200 m. elizabethae, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 91, 92, figs 92A, 93A, 94. Recent. North of Newcastle, New South Wales, 32°49.3’S, 152°49.1’E, 1075 m. Holotype AMS C174634; paratypes AMS C152019 (6). Fissidentalium elizabethae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from type locality only. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the status of F. elizabethae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-à-vis Compressidentalium subcurvatum (E.A. Smith, 1906) requires further research. elliptica, Dentalium undulatum var. Kittl, 1894: 244 [263]. Triassic, St Cassian Formation. Tirol, Austria/Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium ellipticum J. Sowerby, 1814. Replacement name: Dentalium kittli Cossmann, 1900. ellipticum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 161, 162, pl. 70, figs 6, 7. Cretaceous. Folkstone, Kent, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) England, United Kingdom. Junior synonym of Dentalium decussatum J. Sowerby, 1814 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 221). Remark: the species misidentified as Dentalium ellipticum by Reuss (1845: 41, pl. 11, fig. 20) was subsequently described as Dentalium michauxianum Ryckholt, 1851 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 224). ellipticum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Koenen, 1892: 986, pl. 59, fig. 16. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf, Germany. Junior homonym of Dentalium ellipticum J. Sowerby, 1814. Replacement name: Laevidentalium pseudellipticum n. nom. elongata, Cadulus monterosatoi var. Locard, 1898: 142. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Cadulus monterosatoi Locard, 1897. elongata, Dentalium ergasticum var. Locard, 1898: 106. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Dentalium ergasticum, a junior synonym of Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877). elongata, Dentalium vulgare var. Monterosato, 1884: 32. Recent. Mediterranean. Nomen nudum. † elongatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 2, pl. 166, fig. 5 [ex Münster MS]. Cretaceous. Banz, Bamberg, Germany. Laevidentalium elongatum (Goldfuss, 1841) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 37). Remark: Richardson (1906: 575) tentatively suggested that Dentalium filicauda Quenstedt, 1852 might be a junior synonym of this species; Brauns (1865: 113; 1869: 191) listed these two taxa as synonyms. elongatus, Cadulus (Platyschides?) Henderson, 1920: 122, 123, pl. 19, fig. 15. Recent. Off the mouth of Mississippi River, USBF stn 2378, 29°14.30’N, 88°09.30’W, 68 fms [124 m]. Holotype USNM 323596. Polyschides elongatus (Henderson, 1920) (fide Emerson in Turgeon 1998: 55). Known from type locality only. elpis, Dentalium Winckworth, 1927: 168, 169, fig. 1, pl. 14, figs 6, 7. Recent. Mannar Island, Ceylon [Sri Lanka], 3 fms [5 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1952.3.21.13 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 110); paralectotypes BMNH 1952.3.21.14, NMW. Graptacme elpis (Winckworth, 1927) (fide Scarabino 1995: 246). Indian Ocean: Maldives, Sri Lanka. 14238 m. † emersoni, Coccodentalium Squires, 1988: 8, 9, figs 7, 8. Eocene, Juncal Formation. CSUN locality 979, northern Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California, USA. Holotype LACM Invertebrate Paleontology 7690. † emersoni, Entalina Maxwell, 1992: 187, pl. 29, figs h, i, l, o. Eocene. NZGS localities GS9480, GS9508, Waihao River, near McCulloch’s Bridge, South Canterbury, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM7230; paratypes, NZGS (3). emersoni, Fustiaria (Fustiaria) Caprotti, 1979: 240, 241, pl. 11, figs 2-5. Pliocene, Piacenzian. 587 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Castell’Arquato, Italy. Holotype MSNM I 5526. Junior synonym of Gadilina jani (Hörnes, 1856) (fide Pavia 1991: 128). engischistum, Dentalium Barnard, 1963b: 351, 352, fig. 30f. Recent. Cape Natal, Durban, South Africa, 62 fms [112 m]. Syntypes SAFM A5463 (6), BMNH 19642510 (6). Fustiaria engischista (Barnard, 1963) (fide Scarabino 1995: 278). Indian Ocean: South Africa. 85-460 m. Remark: Scarabino (1995: 278) stated that SAFM A5463 was the holotype, but there are six syntypes in that lot and he did not designate any one of them as a lectotype. † enneagonum, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 187, 188, pl. 10, fig. 186; 1887: 187, 188, pl. 10, fig. 186. Pliocene? Samarang, Bohrlock Blakan Kebon, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7244 (2) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111). ensiculus, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1877: 153. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntypes BMNH 1885.11.5.1344-46 (Porcupine, no locality), BMNH 1877.11.28.56 (Valorous, 1450 fms [2624 m]) [fide Warén 1980: 54; not located in BMNH], USNM 176126 (Valorous stn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms [Greenland, 2646 m]), USNM 176127 (Porcupine 1869 stn 19a [stn 19: 54°53’N, 10°56’W, Ireland, 1360 fms, 2482 m]), USNM 176128 (Porcupine 1869 stn 42, 49°12’N, 12°52’W, 862 fms [Greenland, 1573 m]), USNM 176129 (Porcupine 1870 stn 17, 39°42’N, 9°43’W, 1095 fms [Portugal, 1998 m]), USNM 176130 (Porcupine 1870 stn 16, 39°55’N, 9°56’W, 994 fms [Portugal, 1814 m]), USNM 176131 (Valorous stn 16, 55°10’N, 15°58’W, 1785 fms [Greenland, 3258 m]). Junior synonym: Dentalium sigsbeanum Dall, 1881 (fide Dall 1889: 428). Bathoxiphus ensiculus (Jeffreys, 1877) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 121). Western Atlantic: Greenland to Caribbean; Eastern Atlantic: Greenland to Namibia. 350-4680 m. ensiforme, Dentalium Chenu, 1842: pl. 6, fig. 18; 1850: 3. Recent. Antilles. Type material not located. Laevidentalium(?) ensiforme (Chenu, 1842) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 101). ensis, Dentalium Handmann 1888: 26 [ex Rolle MS]. Nomen nudum. Neogene. Vöslau, Austria. Remark: although Handmann attributed this name to “Rolle,” we were unable to find this in the publications of Friedrich Rolle that were available to us. entaliopsis, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 203. Eocene, London Clay. Portsmouth, Southampton and Primrose Hill, England, Great Britain. Replacement name for Entaliopsis annulata Newton & Harris, 1894, a junior secondary homonym of Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791; D. annulatum Cristofori & Jan, 1832; D. annulatum Sandberger, 1842; D. annulatum Meyer, 1886; Entalis annulatum Tate, 1887. Junior synonym of Antalis constricta (Newton & Harris, 1894) (fide Jeffery & Tracey 1997: 90, 91). 588 entalis, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758: 785, 786 [citing: Linnaeus 1746: 1327; Buonanni 1684: I. t. 9; Lister 1685-1692: 4. s. 2. f. 3; Rumphius 1705: t. 41. f. 5; Gualtieri 1742: t. 10. f. F; d’Argenville 1742: t. 7. f. K]. Recent. Atlantic Ocean. Syntypes ZMUU 1009, ZMUU 1010, LS 613. Junior synonym: Dentalium (Antalis) entale stimpsoni Henderson, 1920 (replacement name for Dentalium striolatum Stimpson, 1851a) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 43). Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide G. O. Sars 1878: 100, 101; Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42). Eastern Atlantic: Spitzbergen to Morocco; Western Atlantic: Arctic Ocean to New England. 5-1400 m. Remarks: placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology as the type species of Antalis by ICZN Opinion 361 (1955). Dentalium entanis [Nyst & Westendorp 1839: 412] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. entalis, Dentalium – J. Sowerby 1814: 159, 160, pl. 70, fig. 3, non Linnaeus, 1758. Tertiary. Hordwell Cliffs, England, United Kingdom. Dentalium entaloides Fleming, 1825 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 203). Unnecessary replacement name: Dentalium acuminatum Brown, 1849. † entaloides, Dentalium Fleming, 1825: 240. Pliocene. Hordwell Cliffs and Stubbington, England, United Kingdom. Founded on Dentalium entalis sensu J. Sowerby 1814 non Linnaeus, 1758. Objective junior synonym: Dentalium acuminatum Brown, 1849. entaloides, Dentalium Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1842: 128, 129, pl. 7, figs 36-38. Jurassic. Moutiers, Bayeaux, France. Junior homonym of Dentalium entaloides Fleming, 1825. Next available name: Dentalium oolithicum Piette, 1856 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 225). Remarks: Brauns (1869: 191) concluded that this species was a junior synonym of Dentalium elongatum Goldfuss, 1841. The species Cossmann (1885) misidentified as D. entaloides Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1842 was later described as Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) rigauxi Fischer & Vadet, 1985. entanis, see entalis Linnaeus, 1758. † epetrion, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1973: 487, pl. 75, figs 1, 2. Middle Miocene, Gatun Formation. USGS locality 22018, Payardi Island, Panama. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 646741; paratype USNM Paleobiology 646732. † equisetum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Olsson, 1964: 203, 204, pl. 38, figs 8-8c. Pliocene. Esmeraldas Formation. Quebrada Camarones, Ecuador. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 645438; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 645439 (1), 645440 (1), 645441 (1). erectum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 99, pl. 225, fig. 55. Recent. Sydney Harbor, Australia. Lectotype BMNH 1993130/1 (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 109); paralectotypes BMNH 1993130/2-3 (2). Junior synonym: Dentalium pluteum Colman, 1958 (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) 109). Laevidentalium erectum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 111). Indo-Pacific: Australia. 11-2569 m. erectum, Dentalium “Verkrz.” Paetel, 1888: 593. “Jam.” [= Jamaica]. Nomen nudum. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 253) stated that this species “is unknown to us”. ergasticum, Dentalium Fischer, 1883: 275, 276. Recent. Atlantic Ocean, 1900 m. Syntypes MNHN; MCZ 133729 (1; Talisman, off Fayal, Azores, 38°33’25”N, 30°28’54”W). Junior synonym of Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877) (B. Métivier, n. syn.). † erleneae, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974: 15, 16, text-fig. 8a, b; pl. 1, figs 1, 2, pl. 2, fig. 5. Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation, Wheelock Member. Little Brazos River, Brazos County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180425; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 180426, 180446; PRI 29224; ANSP 31502. erosum, Fissidentalium Shimek & Moreno, 1996: 7781, figs 2, 4, 5. Recent. Station P3 (Moss Landing Marine Laboratory Designation), Pioneer Canyon, off Central California, 37°03’N, 123°26’W, 30903300 m. Holotype LACM 2755; paratypes LACM 2756, USNM 880041, BMNH 1994054. Fissidentalium erosum Shimek & Moreno, 1996. Eastern Pacific: California. 3090-3300 m. “esinense”, Dentalium – Kittl 1899: 4. Error for Dentalium lombardicum Kittl, 1899. Remark: Kittl (1899: 191) corrected this error in the description of Dentalium lombardicum but erred again spelling it “longobardicum”. Kittl used the correct original spelling on pages 197 and 213. † esmeraldum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Olsson, 1942: 232, 233 [80, 81], pl. 6, figs 1, 2, 10. Pliocene, Esmeraldas Formation. Punta Gorda, Esmeraldas province, Ecuador. Holotype PRI 4069; paratypes PRI 4070 (2) (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 318). † etalense, Dentalium Terquem & Piette, 1865: 67, pl. 2, fig. 43. Jurassic, Liassic. Saint-Menge, France. Laevidentalium etalense (Terquem & Piette, 1865) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 37). Remark: Woodward (1893: 352) listed Dentalium portlocki Tate, 1870 as a junior synonym of this species, but without any explanation. eualdes, Dentalium Barnard, 1963a: 444, 445. Recent. South Africa, 33°36’S, 16°15’E, 1520-1570 fms [2774-2865 m]. Syntypes SAFM A9736 (2), BMNH 1964241. Fissidentalium eualdes (Barnard, 1963) (fide Scarabino 1995: 255). Indian Ocean, South Africa. 2780-2880 m. † eugenii, Dentalium Dall, 1892: 438. Eocene. Prairie Creek beds, Wilcox County, Alabama, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 112631 (designated by Palmer & Brann 1965: 367, as “holotype”). euloides, Cadulus Melvill & Standen, 1901: 459, pl. 24, fig. 24. Recent. Gulf of Oman, Karachi, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) 24°49’N, 58°56’E, 345 fms [630 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1901.12.9.12 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 115); paralectotypes ANSP 164737 (1); ZMA 3.01.011 (2 possible paralectotypes). Cadulus euloides Melvill & Standen, 1901. Indian Ocean: Red Sea to India and Maldives. 183-630 m. eupatrides, Dentalium Melvill & Standen, 1907: 142, pl. 1, fig. 12. Recent. Antarctica, East of Weddell Sea, N. of Queen Maud Land, 71°22’S, 16°34’W, 1410 fms [2573 m]. Syntypes RSM 1921.143.584 (figured syntype and 32 syntypes), NMW 1955.158.590-91 (5), BMNH 1908.6.30.3 (1). Dentalium eupatrides Melvill & Standen, 1907. Antarctica, South Pacific. 2538-2700 m. Remarks: C. P. Palmer in Oliver (1984) assigned this species to Graptacme; V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that this species is referable to Fissidentalium. The type locality was “accidentally omitted” from the original description and was subsequently provided by Melvill & Standen (1907: 358). euzkadii, Annulipulsellum Scarabino, 1986b: 4, 5, figs 8-20. Recent. North Atlantic, R/V Knorr Cruise 25, stn 307, 12°34.4’-12°40.8’N, 58°59.3’59°09.2’W, 3835-3862 m. Holotype MCZ 293952; paratypes MCZ 293954, MCZ 293953 (Atlantis II cruise 31, stn 155, 00°03.0’S, 27°48.0’W, 3730-3783 m), MCZ 293955 (Chain cruise 106, stn 326, 50°04.9’N, 14°23.8’W, 3859 m), MCZ 293956 (Knorr cruise 25, stn 306, 09°31.1’N, 56°20.6’W, 3392-3429 m), MNHN, MHNM 14770-14772, AMNH 202773 (1; fide Boyko & Sage 1986: 29). Annulipulsellum euzkadii Scarabino, 1986. Eastern and Central Atlantic: Iceland to off Brazil. 1407-3862 m. † ewekoroense, Dentalium (Antalis) Adegoke, 1977: 64, pl. 6, figs 10, 11. Paleocene. Nigeria. Holotype UIMG 182; paratype USNM Paleobiology 174767. exaratum, Dentalium Risso, 1826a: 125. Fossil. Near Nice, France. Nomen nudum. † exaratum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1927b: 198, pl. 51, fig. 14. Pliocene. Upper Chikbets Beds (branch stream of the Haboro) and Lower Chikbets Beds (Rorenai), Haboro, Teshio, Japan. Syntype, Geological Survey of Japan (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209). exasperatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1903: 225, pl. 5, fig. 12. Recent. South Africa, Umphloti River mouth, 27 fms [49 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1903.7.27.57-59. Junior synonym: Dentalium platei Jaeckel, 1932 (fide Barnard 1963a: 347). Fissidentalium exasperatum (Sowerby, 1903) (fide Scarabino 1995: 255). Eastern Atlantic, Indian Ocean: South Africa. 49-180 m. † exdispar, Dentalium (Pseudantalis) rubescens var. Sacco, 1897: 112. Miocene. Castell’Arquato and Majatico, Italy. Replacement name for Dentalium dispar Mayer, 1874 non Sowerby, 1860. Remark: Dentalium cocconii Sharp & Pilsbry, 1897 is an 589 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. objective junior synonym as it was also introduced as a replacement name later in the same year (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 214). † exiguum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 980, 981, pl. 59, figs 9-11. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf, Germany. exiguus, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 528, 529 [Watson 1886: 23, pl. 3, fig. 10]. Recent. Off Culebra Island, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°5’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.94 (2). Cadulus exiguus Watson, 1879. Known from type locality only. † exile, Dentalium Tommasi, 1901: 57, pl. 1, fig. 10. Middle Triassic, Ladinian (fide Diener 1926: 229). Canal di Pézo, Valle del Dezzo, Italy. † exlamarcki, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897: 106. Miocene. Bordeaux and Dax, France. Replacement name for Dentalium lamarcki Mayer, 1864, a junior homonym of Dentalium lamarcki Chenu, 1843. exmouthensis, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 19, 20, figs 9B, 10B, 12, 13D-F. Recent. Near lighthouse, North West Cape, Exmouth Gulf, northern Western Australia, in littoral sand. Holotype QM MO38994; paratypes QM MO38985 (1), AMS C172174 (1), WAM 282-93 (2). Dentalium exmouthensis Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indian Ocean: Western Australia. 0-82 m. † expolita, Entalina Della Bella & Tabanelli, 1996: 14-16, text-figs A, B. Lower Pleistocene, Santerniano. Samoggia, near Monte Mario, Romagna, Italy. Holotype and paratypes, Laboratorio di Malacologia dell’Istituto di Zoologia dell’Università di Bologna, No. 11631. exuberans, Dentalium Locard, 1897b: 10 [Locard, 1898: 110, pl. 6, figs 15-20]. Recent. Senegal, “Sahara” [Morocco], Azores between Pico and Saint Georges, 1258-3650 m. Syntypes MNHN (1 from Azores; 3 from Azores, Talisman 1883 dr. 126, 4255 m; 2 from Talisman 1883 dr. 102, 3655 m). Junior synonym of Fissidentalium paucicostatum (Watson, 1879) (B. Métivier, n. syn.). exvitreum, Siphonodentalium Sacco, 1897: 115, footnote. Replacement name for Dentalium vitreum M. Sars, 1851 [1831 in error] non Dentalium vitreum Gmelin, 1791. Junior synonym of Siphonodentalium lobatum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 253). Remark: Sacco considered S. vitreum (M. Sars, 1851) and S. lobatum (Sowerby, 1860) to be different species. † ezoense, Dentalium cooperi var. Nagao, 1938: 140, 141, pl. 15 [2], figs 12-14. Cretaceous. Abesinaigawa, Tezio province, Japan; Umpei-sawa, Uryugawa, Rutaka-gun, Sakhalin [Russia]. Syntype, Dept. Geol., Hokkaido Univ. No. 8248 (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209). fabrizioi, Bathycadulus, Scarabino, 1995: 354, 355, figs 159, 160 m, n. Recent. South Africa, Meiring Naude stn SM 109, 28°41’S, 32°37’E, 1300 m. 590 Holotype SAFM A36258; paratypes MHNM 14751 (1), SAM (1), MNHN (11; MD 32 Réunion stn DS109), NM (1; MD 32 Réunion stn DS109), USNM 890862 (1; stn DS109). Bathycadulus fabrizioi Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: South Africa to New Caledonia. 1050-1915 m. falcatum, Dentalium Conrad, 1869. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. falklandicum, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Dell, 1964: 131, fig. 4, No. 13. Recent. Falkland Islands, Scoresby stn WS 210, 50°17’S, 60°06’W , 161 m. Holotype BMNH 1962878/1; paratypes BMNH 1962878/2-6, BMNH 1962879/6 (stn 211, 50°17’S, 60°06’W, 174 m), BMNH 1962879/4 (stn 212, 49°22’S, 60°10’W, 242-249 m), BMNH 1962881/6 (stn 214, 48°25’S, 60°40’W, 208-219 m), BMNH 1962882/1 (stn 229, 50°35’S, 57°20’W, 210-271 m). Pulsellum falklandicum (Dell, 1964). Western Atlantic: Uruguay to Magellanic Region, Falkland Islands. 81-1274 m. fasciatum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citing Martini 1769: I. t. I. f. 3. B]. Recent. Sicily [Mediterranean Sea]. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42). fausta, Polyschides Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971: 496 [in Japanese], 313, 314 [in English], pl. 65, figs 18, 19. Recent. Sagami Bay, AmadaibaKannontsukadashi-Maruyamadashi, Japan, 86 m (as a nomen nudum in Habe 1963: 276). Holotype and paratype in Imperial Household Biological Laboratory (Japan). Polyschides fausta Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971 (fide Scarabino 1995: 339). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 50-100 m. † feruglioi, Laevidentalium Brunet, 1995: 55, pl. 5, fig. 11. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-060. festivum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1914: 8. Recent. New Caledonia. Holotype BMNH 1914.4.2.1. Pictodentalium festivum (Sowerby, 1914) (fide Habe 1964: 15, as Dentalium (Pictodentalium) formosum). Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 20-62 m. Remark: Dentalium festivum was synonymized with P. formosum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) by Habe (1963: 255) and Lamprell & Healy (1998: 72); however, Scarabino (1995: 269) treated this as a valid species. † fibula, Gadila Boettger, 1907: 212. Miocene. Valea Semini, Kostej, Banat, Romania. Holotype SMF XIII.6a (fide Zilch 1934: 278, pl. 22, fig. 24). Cadulus (Gadila) fibula (Boettger, 1907) (fide Zilch 1934: 278). † filicauda, Dentalium Quenstedt, 1852: 443, pl. 35, fig. 18; 1867: 530. Jurassic, Liassic. Near Berlin, Germany. Remarks: Richardson (1906: 575) tentatively suggested that this species might be a junior synonym of Dentalium elongatum Goldfuss, 1841; Brauns (1865: 113; 1869: 191) listed these two taxa as synonyms. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) filosa, Entalis de Koninck, 1883: 219, pl. 49, figs 23, 24. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Junior secondary homonym of Dentalium filosum Broderip & Sowerby, 1830. Replacement name: Dentalium orthoceras Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. filosum, Dentalium Broderip & Sowerby, 1830: 48. Recent. Tenasserim [Burma/Myanmar], on shore. Syntypes (3) not located. Dentalium filosum Broderip & Sowerby, 1830. Reported from type locality only. filum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 98, pl. 225, fig. 45. Recent. Gibraltar; “Philippines”. Type material not located. Junior synonyms: Dentalium gracile Jeffreys, 1870 (fide Jeffreys 1883: 661), Dentalium funiculus Brugnone, 1878 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 204, 253), Dentalium (Antalis) laeve Hilgard & Hopkins, 1878 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 207). Episiphon filum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 118). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean. 20-4784 m. filum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Marwick, 1931: 158, pl. 18, figs 342, 343. Miocene, AltonianClifdenian, Ihungia Series. Waihora River, Waingaromia, Gisborne, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM4813; paratypes NZGS TM4814 (1), NZGS (5) (fide Keyes 1972: 97). Junior homonym of Dentalium filum Sowerby, 1860. Replacement name: Dentalium waihoraensis Emerson, 1954. Laevidentalium waihoraense (Emerson, 1954) (fide Maxwell 1988: 716). fisheri, Dentalium (Dentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 36, 37, pl. 5, figs 61-65 [ex Stearns, 1894: 157, nomen nudum). Recent. Los Animas Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype USNM 46204. Junior synonym of Tesseracme quadrangularis (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fide Emerson 1956: 2). † fissura, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 346. Eocene. Grignon, France. Junior synonym: Dentalium acuminatum Deshayes, 1825 (fide Deshayes 1864: 213). Fustiaria fissura (Lamarck, 1818) (fide Newton & Harris 1894: 65). Remarks: a valid species of Pseudantalis (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). For Dentalium fissura auct. non Lamarck, 1818 reported from the Upper Oligocene, Janssen (1978a) introduced Dentalium (Antalis) pseudofissura. fistula, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 99, pl. 225, fig. 62. Recent. Cochin, southwest India (label of BMNH type). Syntype (possible holotype) BMNH 1907.12.30.317. Episiphon fistula (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 118). Indian Ocean: India. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 20.II.2002) suggested that this species is not referable to Episiphon, but its generic position is uncertain. flavum, Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum Henderson, 1920: 51, 52, pl. 7, fig. 1. Recent. Off Key West, Eolis stn 333, 110 fms [201 m]. Holotype USNM 314391; paratypes ANSP 132113 (2), USNM 314400 (Eolis stn 325, 95 fms [173 m], off Sand ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Key, Florida), AMNH 148298 (1, stn 325), USNM 314391a-314405, USNM 323016. Subspecies of Antalis cerata (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic: Florida Key region. 173-201 m. flavum, Dentalium Scarabino, 1995: 212, 213, figs 19, 28c, e. Recent. South Pacific, Coral Sea, Banc Nova, RV Coriolis, MUSORSTOM 5, stn DW 301, 22°07’S, 159°25’E, 478-610 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (10; 1 from stn 301; 1 from stn DW 306; 1 from stn LAGON 444; 2 from stn DW 72; 1 from stn DW 38; 1 from stn DW 01; 1 from stn DW 05; 1 from stn DW 478; 1 from stn DW 479), AMS C201722 (1; stn DW 479); NMNZ M268960 (1; stn DW 479). Junior homonym of Dentalium flavum Henderson, 1920. Replacement name: Dentalium scarabinoi n. nom. † flechensis, Antalis Brunet, 1995: 53, 54, pl. 5, fig. 8. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-081. flindersi, Dentalium (Paradentalium) Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938: 210, pl. 12, fig. 4. Recent. St Vincent Gulf, South Australia, 22 fms [40 m]. Holotype SAM D 13338. Paradentalium flindersi (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938). Indo-Pacific: West and South Australia. 18-276 m. † floratum, Dentalium Zimmermann, 1847: 243 [ex Philippi MS]. Upper Miocene. Schwarzen Thon, Saxony, Germany. Fissidentalium floratum (Zimmermann, 1847) (fide Janssen 1989: 84). florenciae, Bathycadulus Palmer, 1986: 396 [ex Scarabino MS]. Nomen nudum. florenciae, Cadulus Scarabino, 1995: 351, figs 156, 160h. Recent. Réunion, Indian Ocean, MD32, stn DS139, 20°47’S, 55°38’E, 1575-1600 m. Holotype MNHN and 3 paratypes (from stn DR 104). Cadulus florenciae Scarabino, 1995. Known from Réunion only. florenciae, Dentalium Moraes Rego, 1936. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † floridanus, Cadulus Dall, 1892: 446, pl. 23, fig. 26. Miocene. Alum Bluff, Appalachicola River, Florida, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 112757 (numerous). Remark: Schuchert et al. (1905: 112) cited USNM 112757 as the “holotype” but did not specify which syntype was to be the holotype, so this does not constitute a valid lectotype designation. floridense, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Henderson, 1920: 64, 65, pl. 10, figs 1, 2, 6, 7. Recent. Off Sand Key, Florida, Eolis stn 301, 95 fms [173 m]. Holotype USNM 314457. Junior synonym of Fissidentalium carduus (Dall, 1889) (fide Scarabino 1994: 307; generic placement fide Emerson in Turgeon 1988: 50, and 1998: 54, 200, where he listed Fissidentalium floridense as a distinct species). † fodinense, Laevidentalium (s.l.) Maxwell, 1988: 76, pl. 13, figs f-h. Late Miocene, Stillwater Mudstone. 591 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. NZGS localities GS3341 and GS11556, Karoro, near Greymouth, Westland, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM6613; paratypes NZGS (61). formosum, Dentalium Adams & Reeve, 1850: 71, pl. 5, fig. 1a, b. Recent. Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, outside coral reef near city of Sulu [= Jolo], 16-20 fms [29-37 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1951.2.14.1 (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 72); paralectotypes BMNH 1951.2.14.2-3 (2). Synonyms: Fissidentalium (Pictodentalium) formosum harrisoni Habe, 1970, Dentalium (Pictodentalium) formosum hirasei Kira, 1959 (fide Scarabino 1995: 267). Pictodentalium formosum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) (fide Habe 1964: 15). Indo-Pacific: Australia to China Sea and New Caledonia. 5-145 m. Remark: P. festivum (Sowerby, 1914) was considered a junior synonym by Habe (1963: 255) and Lamprell & Healy (1998: 72) but not by Scarabino (1995: 269). † fossile, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citing Schröter 1784b: 4 t. 3 f. 7]. [Fossil]. Type locality not specified. Junior synonym: Dentalium catenulatum Chenu, 1843 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 201). Remark: the species misidentified as D. fossile by Philippi (1847: 80) was later described as D. kickxii Nyst, 1843 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 207). foweyensis, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 114, 115, pl. 18, figs 7, 13. Recent. Off Triumph Reef, Florida, Eolis stn 350, 90 fms [164 m]. Holotype USNM 314721. Polyschides foweyensis (Henderson, 1920) n. comb. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 10-164 m. fragile, Pharetrium König, 1825. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. fragile, Pulsellum Scarabino, 1995: 320, 321, figs 122, 125a. Recent. Réunion, Indian Ocean, MD32 stn DS151, 20°51’S, 56°03’E, 3300-3240 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (14); NM (1). Pulsellum fragile Scarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean: Réunion. 3240-3300 m. † fragilis, Dentalium Meek & Hayden, 1856: 69. Cretaceous. Yellowstone River, “150 miles above mouth”, Montana, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 296 (fide Schuchert et al. 1905: 219), ANSP 79585. Dentalium fragile Meek & Hayden, 1856 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 222). francisense, Dentalium Verco, 1911a: 207, 208, pl. 26, figs 1, 1a. Recent. Petrel Bay, St Francis Island, South Australia, 15-20 fms [27-37 m]. Holotype SAM D 13724; paratypes SAM D 16004 (1), AMS C334 (2; Gulf of St Vincent, South Australia, 2740 m), USNM 251989 (Gulf of St Vincent, South Australia). Paradentalium francisense (Verco, 1911) (fide Cotton & Godfrey 1933: 139). IndoPacific: South Australia. 27-550 m. Remark: Lamprell & Healy (1998) did not recognize the genus Paradentalium and, thus, listed francisense under Dentalium. franklinae, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 93, figs 91F, G, 92C, 93C, 96. Recent. Off Cairns, 592 northern Queensland, Australia, 17°51’S, 147°18’E, 703 m. Holotype QM MO40030; paratypes QM MO17771 (3), QM MO18003 (1; off Cairns, 17°49’S, 148°40’E, northern Queensland, 990 m), QM MO18004 (3; off Cairns, northern Queensland, 672 m), AMS C201735 (2; off Cairns, Queensland, 17°36.98’S, 146°57.43’E, 672-744 m), AMS C201735 (2, preserved). Fissidentalium franklinae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia. 3661460 m. fraseri, Cadulus (Gadila) Nicklès, 1955: 98, fig. 1. Recent. Ghana, Atlantide stn 84, 5°37’N, 0°35’E, 150-175 m. Holotype + 3 fragments not located in ZMUC. Gadila fraseri Nicklès, 1955. Known from the type locality only. fredericae, Prodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 41. Carboniferous. Iowa, USA. Objective junior synonym of Prodentalium obsoletum (Hall, 1858). Remarks: the name was introduced as a replacement name for Dentalium sublaeve Hall in Miller, 1877, a junior homonym of Dentalium dentalis var. sublaevis Cocconi, 1874, which itself is an unnecessary replacement name for Dentalium obsoletum Hall, 1858. Dentalium obsoletum Schlotheim, 1832 is a nomen nudum and Hall’s name, therefore, not a junior homonym. † fritschi, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 988, 989, pl. 59, fig. 13. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf, Calbe, Atzendorf, Unseburg and Brandhorst, Germany. † frontierensis, Cadulus Sidwell, 1932: 316, pl. 48, fig. 13. Cretaceous, Colorado Group, Frontier Formation. 3 miles NE of Medicine Bow, Como Ridge, Wyoming, USA. Holotype University of Iowa, Paleontological Museum, No. 8-629. funiculus, Dentalium Brugnone, 1878: 44, pl. 1, fig. 5. Pliocene. Ficarazzi, Italy. Junior synonym of Dentalium filum Sowerby, 1860 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 204, 253). † furcata, Plagioglypta “?” Waterhouse, 1980: 197, 198, figs 4-11. Permian, Productus Creek Group, Mangarewa Formation. NZGS localities GS 6071, 6072, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM5686; paratypes NZGS TM5678-TM5685. † fusiforme, Dentalium Link, 1807: 23. [Fossil]. Sternberg, Germany. fusiformis, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 193, 194, pl. 35, fig. 14 [ex Cooper MS]. Recent. San Pedro, California, 4 fms [7 m]. Holotype USNM 133809; paratypes USNM 602247, AMNH 148398 (1). Junior synonym of Gadila aberrans (Whiteaves, 1887) (fide Shimek 1989: 234). fusticulus, Dentalium Brugnone, 1876: 21, fig. 31. Tertiary. Ficarazzi, Italy. Junior synonym of Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars, 1872) (fide Monterosato 1880: 64). † gabbi, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 236. “Cretaceous” [Eocene]. NE of Martinez; Alizos ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Creek, near Fort Téjon; and Tuscan Springs, California, USA. Lectotype ANSP 79582 (designated by Emerson 1957: 988, 989, pl. 26, figs 1-5); paralectotypes ANSP 79583. Replacement name for Dentalium (Ditrupa “?”) pusillum Gabb, 1864, a junior homonym of Dentalium pusillum Philippi, 1836. Remark: Emerson (1957: 988, 989) determined that Gabb’s geological age, “Cretaceous” was incorrect and that this species is actually from the Eocene. † gabbi, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 470, 471, pl. 10, figs 6, 7, 13, pl. 11, figs 1, 2. Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Type material ANSP 2711 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 400). Replacement name for Dentalium affine Gabb, 1873, a junior homonym of Dentalium affine Deshayes, 1861, and D. affine Biondi, 1859. † gadula, Cadulus (Gadila) gadus var. Sacco, 1897: 118, pl. 10, figs 88, 89 [as a nomen nudum, Gadus gadulus Doderlein, 1864: 98, and Sacco, 1896: 98]. Lower Pliocene of Zinola, Italy. Lectotype MIGT BS.106.12.010 (selected by Pavia 1991: 138) (figured by Ferrero Mortara 1984: 311, pl. 56, fig. 3). Junior synonym: Cadulus (Gadila) razzorei Caprotti, 1979 (fide Pavia 1991: 137, 138). Gadila gadulus (Sacco, 1897) (fide Pavia 1991: 137, 138, pl. 9, figs 12-17). gadulus, Gadus Doderlein, 1864: 98 [16]. Miocene. Monte Gibio, Italy. Nomen nudum. This species name was subsequently validated as Cadulus (Gadila) gadus var. gadula Sacco, 1897. gadulus, see gadus. gadus, Dentalium Montagu, 1803: 496, pl. 14, fig. 7. Recent (?). English Channel. Possible syntypes BMNH 1950.11.24.1-3. Junior synonym: Dentalium coarctatum Lamarck, 1818 (fossil; non D. coarctatum Brocchi, 1814) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 240). Gadila gadus (Montagu, 1803) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 186). Eastern and Western Atlantic: Africa to Caribbean; (doubtful record from the Red Sea by Cooke 1885: 275). 18-280 m. Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 243) quote Hanley saying that Dentalium minutu[m] Linnaeus, 1758 “[...] is not identifiable but [...] that it may be Cadulus gadus”. Rang (1828: 309-312, pl. 18, figs 3-6; 1829: 498, pl. 19, fig. E) transferred this species to Cleodora (Creseis) [Gastropoda], but this may be based upon misidentified specimens. Dentalium gadulus [Arduini, 1895: 195] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. Sacco (1897: 118) and Pavia (1991: 137, 138) determined that Arduini’s material was not conspecific with Montagu’s species, but instead is referable to Gadila gadulus Sacco, 1897. galatheae, Siphonodentalium Knudsen, 1964: 125, 126, figs 1, 2. Recent. Sunda Trench, Galathea stn 465, 10°20’S, 109°55’E, 7000-6900 m. Holotype ZMUC. Striopulsellum galatheae (Knudsen, 1964) (fide Scarabino 1995: 324). Known from type locality only. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) gallardoi, Dentalium Rovereto, 1921: 30. Tertiary. Argentina. Junior synonym of Dentalium octocostellatum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 (fide Feruglio 1949b: 203, footnote). † gallensteini, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934: 43, 44, pl. 1, figs 10a, 10b [nomen nudum in Gugenberger 1933a: 102; 1933b: 184]. Triassic. North of Launsdorf, Austria. Prodentalium gallensteini (Gugenberger, 1934) (fide Stiller 2001: 630). † ganense, Laevidentalium Cossmann in O’Gorman & Cossmann, 1923: 28, pl. 3, figs 5, 6. Eocene. Gan, S of Pau, France. gardineri, Dentalium Melvill, 1909: 120, pl. 5, fig. 9. Recent. Amirantes Island, c. 900 miles East off Zanzibar, South of Seychelles, Percy Sladen Trust Exp. stn 20, 160-209 fms [292-381 m]. Holotype BMNH 1910.3.17.12. Antalis gardineri (Melvill, 1909) (fide Ludbrook 1954: 93). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to New Caledonia. 270-705 m. gardneri, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 222. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone, England, United Kingdom. Replacement name for Dentalium acuminatum Gardner, 1878, a junior secondary homonym of Dentalium acuminatum Deshayes, 1825, and itself a junior homonym of Dentalium gardneri (Holzapfel, 1888); replacement name: Dentalium infortunatum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. † gardneri, Entalina Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 234. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone, England, United Kingdom. Replacement name for Siphodentalium affine Gardner, 1878, a junior homonym of Siphonodentalium affine M. Sars, 1865. † gardneri, Entalis Holzapfel, 1888: 177, pl. 20, fig. 10. Cretaceous. Near Vaals, Netherlands. Fustiaria gardneri (Holzapfel, 1888) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 255; Fustiaria here as a subgenus, hence the homonymy!). garrardi, Dentalium (Lentigodentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 71, figs 68C, 69D, E, 72. Recent. Lady Musgrave Island, Capricorn-Bunker Group, E of Gladstone, Queensland, Australia. Holotype AMS C169770; paratypes AMS C174887 (30), MV F67452 (2; Lady Musgrave Island, Queensland). Dentalium garrardi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia; Queensland. 10-37 m. † gaultinus, Cadulus Gardner, 1878: 63, pl. 3, fig. 48. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone, England, United Kingdom. gaussianum, Dentalium majorinum var. Plate, 1908b: 5, 6, figs 1-4. Recent. Antarctica, Deutsche Südpolar Exp. stn 56, 66°02’S, 89°38’E, 385 and 350 m. Lectotype ZMB 59730a (designated by Kilias 1995: 175); paralectotype ZMB 59730b. Synonym of Dentalium majorinum Mabille & Rochebrune, 1889. gayi, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 107, pl. 12, fig. 19; 1887b: 101, pl. 12, fig. 19. Tertiary. Matanzas and 593 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Carauma, Chile. Junior synonym of Dentalium sulcosum J. de C. Sowerby, 1846 (fide Ortmann 1902: 157, 159). gazellae, Dentalium (Episiphon) Plate, 1908a: 356, pl. 30, figs 40, 41. Recent. Northwest Australia, Gazelle Exp., 9 fms [16 m]. Holotype ZMB 33195. Episiphon(?) gazellae (Plate, 1908) (fide Scarabino 1995: 289). Known from type locality only. † geinitzi, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Koenen, 1892: 989, 990, pl. 59, fig. 12. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf, Germany. Fustiaria geinitzi (Koenen, 1892). Remarks: name for Dentalium fissura sensu Koenen non Dentalium fissura Lamarck, 1818. Junior secondary homonym of Dentalium geinitzi (Böhm, 1885). We have no information of Koenen’s name being used since 1899 and, therefore, do not rename this homonym until future research proves it a valid species. † geinitzi, Fustiaria Böhm, 1885: 34, 35, pl. 1, fig. 7. Cretaceous. Vaals [Vael], Netherlands. Dentalium geinitzi (Böhm, 1885) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 254). † geinitzianum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 70. Cretaceous: Turonian. Tournay and Montigniessur-Roc, Belgium. Remark: name for Dentalium medium sensu Geinitz 1840 non Dentalium medium J. Sowerby, 1814. † geminatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 4, pl. 166, fig. 13. Oligocene. Bünde, Westphalia, Germany. Syntypes GPIB 1072. Remarks: Janssen (1978a: 14, 15) originally considered this name to be a “nomen oblitum” and thus not a senior synonym of Dentalium kickxi Nyst, 1843. Janssen (1978b: 138, 139) concluded from the Goldfuss types that it was a valid species and a senior synonym of D. kickxii. Most recently, Janssen (1987: 174-176) determined that Antalis geminatum was found in the Late Oligocene and A. kickxii was found in the Middle Oligocene; the two species are not synonyms. gemmiparum, Dentalium Melvill, 1909: 120, pl. 5, fig. 10. Recent. Chagos Archipelago, Diego Garcia Lagoon, Indian Ocean. Holotype BMNH 1910.3. 17.13. Coccodentalium gemmiparum (Melvill, 1909) (fide Scarabino 1995: 264). Indo-Pacific: Diego Garcia to Philippines and New Caledonia. 240-2250 m. georgiense, Dentalium (Antalis) occidentale Henderson, 1920: 43. Recent. Georges Bank [Massachusetts], Albatross stn 2079, 41°13’N, 66°19’50”W, 75 fms [137 m]. Syntypes (of Dentalium occidentalis sulcatum Verrill, 1884) USNM 38398 (1; USBF 2079, 75 fms [137 m]), USNM 35093 (4; USBF 2077, 1255 fms [2290 m]). Replacement name for Dentalium occidentalis sulcatum Verrill, 1884, a junior homonym of Dentalium sulcatum Lamarck, 1818. Synonym of Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 48, 49). † germanicum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 5, fig. 15a, b (name and figure only). Type locality not 594 specified. Remarks: Chenu (1852: 7), in the text, instead used Dentalium striatum Lamarck, 1818 for the specimen figured as “D. germanicum”. However, Lamarck’s name is a junior homonym of D. striatum Born, 1778 and a junior synonym of Fissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791). Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 205) suggested that this was “evidently a European Tertiary species”. † gibba, Cadulus ovulum var. Seguenza, 1879: 276. Pliocene. Reggia, Calabria, Italy. Senior homonym of Cadulus gibbus Jeffreys, 1883. gibbosus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Verco, 1911a: 213, pl. 26, fig. 6. Recent. Off Cape Jaffa, South Australia, 300 fms [548 m]. Holotype SAM D 13729. Polyschides gibbosus (Verco, 1911) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 168). Indo-Pacific, Australia. 17-2780 m. Remark: the three paratypes mentioned in the original description were not located. gibbus, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1883: 666, pl. 49, fig. 10. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntypes BMNH 1885.11.5.1287 (1; Porcupine stn 13, 40°16’N, 9°37’W, 217 fms [396 m]), USNM 175858 (1; Bay of Biscay, Travailleur). Cadulus gibbus Jeffreys, 1883. Junior homonym of Cadulus ovulum var. gibba Seguenza, 1879. Eastern Atlantic: British Islands, Bay of Biscay. 396 m. Remark: the authors intend to submit a petition to the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature, pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 23.9.3, to preserve Jeffreys’ name. giganteum, Dentalium Phillips, 1829. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. giganteum, Dentalium “?” Zenker, 1836: 232. Tertiary. Flohberge (Mühlthal), near Jena, Germany. Types not located. Junior homonym of Dentalium giganteum Phillips, 1829. Remark: the lack of type material and an illustration in combination with the short description renders this a dubious species for which we prefer not to introduce a replacement name. giganteum, Dentalium Chenu, 1842: pl.1, fig. 3; 1850: 4. “Fossil” [type locality not specified]. Types not located. Junior homonym of Dentalium giganteum Phillips, 1829. Replacement name: Dentalium rex Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. giganteum, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby, 1846: 263, pl. 2, fig. 1. Tertiary. Navidad, Chile. Types not located. Junior homonym of Dentalium giganteum Phillips, 1829 and D. giganteum Chenu, 1842. Replacement name: Dentalium subgiganteum d’Orbigny, 1852. gigas, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1870b: 432. Nomen nudum. † girtyi, Plagioglypta Knight, 1940: 315, pl. 6, fig. 2. Late Permian, Whitehorse Group, Rush Springs Formation, Dozier Sandstone Member. Dolomite beds at base of Dozier, Localities 7a (Collingsworth County) and 8a (6 miles S of Memphis, at summit of Hogback Butte, Hall County), Texas, USA. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Holotype YPM 15336; paratype YPM 50071 (fide White et al. 1999: 43). † glabellum, Dentalium Blake, 1907: 101, 102, pl. 9, fig. 12 [nomen nudum in Bean 1839: 62]. Jurassic. Cornbrash, Scarborough, England, United Kingdom. Holotype BMNH G.16996. † glabratum, Antale Stoliczka, 1868: 445, pl. 27, figs 24, 25. Cretaceous. Ootatoor group. Odium, India. glabrum, Dentalium Montagu, 1803. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. glabrum, Dentalium Geinitz, 1842: 74, pl. 18, fig. 28; 1843: 11, pl. 1, fig. 27. Upper Cretaceous. Tisa [Tyssa], Bohemia, Czech Republic. Junior homonym of Dentalium glabrum Montagu, 1803. Replacement name: Dentalium ovosectum Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. glabrum, Dentalium Fuenzalida, 1942: 412, 423, 425. Tertiary. Brunswick Peninsula, Patagonia, Chile. Nomen nudum. Remark: Feruglio (1949b: 160) cited this name, but did not make it available. † gladiolus, Dentalium Eichwald, 1846: 447. Jurassic. Goliowo, Dorogomilow, Mniowniki and Khoroschowo, near Moscow; Mount Worobyew; Jelatma on the Oka River, near Antonowo-Poustosch, Russia. Junior synonyms: Dentalium subanceps Trautschold, 1861 (fide Eichwald 1868: 799; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 223). Remarks: Eichwald’s original description was cursory; the locality information herein is from the subsequent re-description (Eichwald 1868: 799, 800). This species was misidentified as Dentalium cylindricum by G. Fischer (1843). glans, Cadulus Scarabino, 1995: 350, 351, figs 155, 160g. Recent. New Caledonia, Loyalty Basin, RV Coriolis, BIOGEOCAL, stn KG 227, 21°33’S, 166°24’E, 500 m. Holotype MNHN and 7 paratypes (2 from stn KG 219; 5 from Vauban stn 40). Cadulus glans Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 250-570 m. glaucarena, Dentalium (Antalis) Dell, 1953: 48, figs 16, 18, 21. Recent. Chatham Rise, Discovery II stn 2733, 45°48’S, 178°58’W, 200-300 fms [365548 m]. Holotype NMNZ M5678; paratypes NMNZ M5679 (5). Antalis glaucarena (Dell, 1953) (fide Scarabino 1995: 236). Indo-Pacific, New Zealand. 365-602 m. † glaucoterrarum, Dentalium Maury, 1917: 323 [159], pl. 52 [26], fig. 4. Miocene. Rio Gurabo at Los Quemados, Dominican Republic. † gnizum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890: 173, pl. 17, figs 42, 43. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama. Remark: “Probably a young Cadulus. Unrecognizable” (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 205). gofasi, Laevidentalium Scarabino, 1995: 294, 295, figs 99, 102a. Recent. Philippines, RV Coriolis, MUSORSTOM 2, stn CP 70, 14°01’N, 120°17’E, 191 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (8; 1 from stn CP 70; 2 from stn CP 68; 1 from stn CP ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) 83; 1 from stn CP 97; 3 from stn CP 102), AMS C201728 (1; stn CP 96), USNM 890869 (1; stn CP 20). Laevidentalium gofasi Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Philippines to New Caledonia. 195320 m. goftoni, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 45, 46, figs 37C, 38E, 41. Recent. Middle Banks, Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, 31 m. Holotype QM MO38982; paratypes AMS C172168 (2), MV 68195 (2), WAM 283-93 (2), QM MO38996 (2; Redland Bay, south Queensland), QM MO38983 (11; Dunwich, Stradbroke Island, Moreton Bay, south Queensland), AMS C169791 (21; Shoal Point, Mackay, north Queensland). Dentalium goftoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Queensland, Australia. 2-183 m. † golovtschenki, Dentalium Makarenko, 1970: 111, 112, text-fig. 11, pl. 22, figs 6-9. Paleocene. Luzanovka, northern Ukraine. Holotype Akademiia Nauka Ukraine (Kiev), No. 17/50. † gonatodes, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 192, pl. 10, fig. 194; 1887: 192, pl. 10, fig. 194. Pliocene/ Quaternary. Samarang and Batavia (Jakarta), Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7280 (1), RGM 7281 (2), RGM 7278 (3), RGM 7279 (1) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111). Dentalium (Laevidentalium) gonatodes Martin, 1885 (fide Martin 1919: 118). gordonis, Cadulus Yokoyama, 1920. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. goreanum, Dentalium Clessin, 1896. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. gouldii, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 424, 425, pl. 26, fig. 4. Recent. 12 miles E from Frying Pan Shoals, South Carolina, 12 fms [22 m]. Lectotype USNM 82997 (designated by Henderson 1920: 30); paralectotypes USNM 94085 (USFC stn 2145; now the holotype of Dentalium gouldii colonense Henderson, 1920), MCZ 7707 (Blake stn 65). Synonyms: Dentalium sexangulare Hilgard & Hopkins, 1878 non Lamarck, 1818 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 21), Dentalium gouldii colonense Henderson, 1920, Dentalium gouldii portoricense Henderson, 1920. Dentalium gouldii Dall, 1889. Western Atlantic: South Carolina (USA) and Bermuda to Brazil (doubtful record from the coast of West Africa by Thomas 1975: 292; Nicklés 1979: 48). 10-76 m. gracile, Dentalium Moore, 1866: 86, pl. 5, fig. 23. Jurassic, Middle Liassic. Camerton, England, United Kingdom. Holotype in Bath Museum (England) (fide Richardson 1906: 576, pl. 45, fig. 19). Junior homonym of Dentalium gracilis Hall & Meek, 1855. Remark: a junior synonym of Dentalium elongatum Goldfuss, 1841 (fide Woodward 1893: 352; Richardson 1906: 575). gracile, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1870a: 74. Recent. Mediterranean, 310 fms [566 m]; Aegean Sea, 100250 fms [183-456 m]; Vigo, Spain. Syntypes: 595 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. USNM 175979 (E of Malta, 310 fms [566 m]), USNM 175977 (Aegean Sea, 100-250 fms [183456 m]). Junior homonym of Dentalium gracilis Hall & Meek, 1855 and Dentalium gracile Moore, 1866. Junior synonym of Episiphon filum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Jeffreys 1883: 661). gracile, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 107, pl. 12, fig. 15; 1887b: 101, pl. 12, fig. 15. Tertiary. Navidad, Chile. Junior homonym of Dentalium gracilis Hall & Meek, 1855, Dentalium gracile Moore, 1866 and Dentalium gracile Jeffreys, 1870. Replacement name: Dentalium navidadense Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 210. Remark: Dentalium philippii Cossmann, 1907; an unnecessary replacement name. gracile, Dentalium Grönwall & Harder, 1907: 36, pl. 1, fig. 19. Paleocene. Jutland, Denmark. Junior homonym of Dentalium gracilis Hall & Meek, 1854, Dentalium gracile Moore, 1866, Dentalium gracilis Jeffreys, 1870, Dentalium gracilis Philippi, 1887; replacement name: Dentalium subgracile Emerson, 1954. † gracilicostatum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Singleton, 1943: 275-276, pl. 12, fig. 6, pl. 13, fig. 9. Lower Eocene. Pebble Point Beds, Coastal Cliffs, 2.5 miles southeast of Princetown, Victoria, Australia. Holotype NMV P127989 (formerly Melbourne University Geology Department 1871). Fissidentalium gracilicostatum (Singleton, 1943) (fide Darragh 1997: 92, 93). † gracilina, Cadulus (Gadila) Sacco, 1897: 117, pl. 10, figs 86, 87 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. Turin hills and San Agata, Italy. Lectotype MIGT BS.106.12.009 (selected by Pavia 1991: 144); paralectotype BS.106.12.008 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 311, pl. 56, fig. 2). Gadila gracilina (Sacco, 1897) (fide Pavia 1991: 144, 145, pl. 8, figs 1-4). gracilis, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1877: 157. Recent. Valorous stn 13, 56°01’N, 34°42’W, 690 fms [North Atlantic, 1259 m]. Holotype USNM 175853. Cadulus gracilis Jeffreys, 1877. Eastern Atlantic: Greenland to Portugal. 453-1998 m. Remarks: Jeffreys referred to a single specimen from Valorous stn 13. However, Warén (1980: 52) stated that the type locality was not specified and listed additional syntypes: BMNH 1885.11.5.1300-1301 (Porcupine 1870 stns 16-17a [off Portugal]; stn 16: 39°55’N, 9°56’W, 994 fms [1723 m]; stn 17: 39°42’N, 9°43’W, 600-1095 fms [1095-1998 m]; stn 17a: 39°39’N, 9°39’W, 740 fms [1351 m]), USNM 175854 (Valorous stn 16, 55°10’N, 25°58’W, 1785 fms [Greenland, 3258 m]), USNM 175855 (Porcupine 1870 stn 17, 39°42’N, 9°43’W, 6001095 fms [1095-1998 m]), USNM 175856 (Porcupine 1870 stn 19a, Portugal). The lot BMNH 1885.11.5.1300 is labeled “figd. syntyp”. Warén (in litt. 10.II.2000) explained this discrepancy: “Jeffreys listed material from the Lightning and Porcupine expeditions for most new molluscs in the ‘New and 596 peculiar...’ series. He also had specimens of Cadulus gracilis, as listed later in the report on these expeditions. I therefore considered it an omission from his side, not to mention these”. † gracilis, Dentalium Hall & Meek, 1855: 393, pl. 3, figs 11a-11c. Cretaceous. Sage Creek, “Nebraska” (Montana and Wyoming?), USA. Dentalium gracile Hall & Meek, 1855 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 197). † gracilis, Episiphon Garvie, 1996: 45, 46, pl. 9, figs 7, 8. Eocene, Lower Claibornian, Reklaw Formation, Marquez Member. Locality 4, Bluff on Ridge Creek, Texas, USA. Holotype PRI 30310; paratypes PRI 30311, PRI 30312. † gracillima, Dentalium (Coccodentalium) radula var. Sacco, 1897: 111, pl. 10, figs 16-18 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. San Agata, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.04.010, BS.106.04. 011 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 308). gradile, Paradentalium Chistikov, 1979a: 109, 111, fig. 1. Recent. Vietnam, Orlik stn 203, 20°44’N, 112°13’E, 60 m. Holotype ZIN; paratype MMSU. Paradentalium gradile Chistikov, 1979. IndoPacific: Vietnam. 60-106 m. grahamense, Dentalium majorinum var. Odhner, 1931: 4. Recent. Antarctica, Graham Land, 65°19’S, 56°48’W, 400 m. Syntypes SMNH 4193. Synonym of Dentalium majorinum Mabille & Rochebrune, 1889. grahami, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 23-25, figs 9E, 10E, 16, 17D-F. Recent. Off Clarence River, New South Wales, Australia, 29°25’S, 153°22’E, 37-55 m. Holotype AMS C174892; paratypes AMS C154599 (1), AMS C173469 (1; 29°39.8’S, 153°26.4’E, south of Yamba, New South Wales, 55 m), AMS C154602 (55; off Solitary Island, New South Wales, 29°5053’S, 153°24-23’E, 54-58 m), AMS C169957 (1; Keppel Bay, southern Queensland, 54 m), AMS C169958 (2; Keppel Bay, southern Queensland, 54 m). Dentalium grahami Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia. 28-80 m. † granadanum, Dentalium Anderson, 1929: 144, pl. 13, fig. 3. Miocene. CAS locality 267, Las Perdices Group, 1 mile W of Puerto Colombia, northern Colombia. Holotype CAS 4638. † grandaevum, Dentalium Winchell, 1863: 18. Carboniferous. Burlington, Iowa, USA. † grande, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 365, pl. 17, figs 1-3. Eocene. Grignon, La Chapelle near Senlis and Valmondois, Paris Basin, France. Remarks: a valid species of Fissidentalium (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). This name has been inappropriately used by Nyst (1836: 103) for a species subsequently described as Dentalium acutum Hébert, 1849 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 197; Dentalium nystii d’Orbigny, 1852 is a junior synonym), and by Abich (1858: 561 [25]) for a species tentatively synonymized with Dentalium trauscholdi Koenen, 1868 (fide Koenen 1868: 160). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) grandis, Cadulus Verrill, 1884: 219, pl. 44, fig. 20. Recent. 230 miles E of Martha’s Vineyard [Massachusetts], USBF stn 2076, 41°13’N, 66°00’50”W, 906 fms [1651 m]. Syntypes USNM 34735 (16, USBF stn 2076), USNM 35184 (USBF 2084, 1290 fms [2354 m]), USNM 38116 (USBF 2103, 1091 fms [1991 m]); MCZ 186804 (2); further locations in original description: USBF 2052, 1098 fms [2004 m]; USBF 2111, 938 fms [1712 m]; USBF 2115, 843 fms [1538 m]; and USBF 2043, 1467 fms [2677 m]). Polyschides grandis (Verrill, 1884) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 154). Western Atlantic. 1538-2677 m. † grandis, Eodentalium Medina & del Valle, 1985: 3-5 (Spanish), 3, 4 (English), pl. 1, figs a-f, i-k, p, q. Upper Cretaceous, Sobral Formation. Marambio Island, James Ross Group Islands, Antarctica. Holotype CIRGEO (Centro de Investigaciones en Recursos Geológicos) PI 247 (now housed in Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, fide G. Pastorino in litt. 17.I.2001). † granosa, Entalis Martin, 1885: 193, 194, pl. 10, fig. 196; 1887: 193, 194, pl. 10, fig. 196. Miocene. Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Syntype RGM 7275 (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111). Remarks: Van den Hoek Ostende et al. (2002: 111) listed this species in Dentalium, following two published checklists. If this transfer from Antalis (the senior synonym of Entalis, is accepted, then Dentalium granosum (Martin 1885) is a junior secondary homonym of D. granosum Eichwald, 1857, and will need to be renamed. We have not renamed this taxon, as further study is merited. † granosum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 584. Silurian [“Grauwackenkalksteine”]. Pulkowa [Poulkova], Russia. Remarks: figured by Eichwald 1860: 1061, pl. 40, fig. 7. Koken (1897: 214) remarked that the shape of the shell of this species was completely divergent from that of Dentalium (“die Structur dieser Röhren ist ganz abweichend von der eines Dentalium”), and questioned whether this species was referable to the Scaphopoda. † granvillensis, Dentalium Herrick, 1888: 92. Paleozoic (“Subcarboniferous”). Granville, Licking County, Ohio, USA. greenlawi, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 123, 124, pl. 18, fig. 11. Recent. Off Fowey Light, Florida, Eolis stn 380, 130 fms [237 m]. Holotype USNM 314767. Gadila greenlawi (Henderson, 1920). Known from type locality only. † groenlandicum, Dentalium Ravn, 1918: 354, 355, pl. 8, figs 3, 4. Cretaceous. Ata and Niakornat, Nugsuak-Halvö, western Greenland. † groenlandicus, Cadulus Ravn, 1918: 356, pl. 8, fig. 8. Cretaceous. Alianaitsunguak, NugsuakHalvö, western Greenland. † grossheimi, Dentalium Merklin, 1961: 156, 157, text-fig. 1. Middle Eocene. Northern Caucasus, Goryachiy Kluych, near Krasnodar, Russia. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) gruveli, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Dautzenberg, 1910: 109, 110, pl. 3, figs 21-23. Recent. Baie de Cansado [Mauretania] (1908); Baie de Cansado [Mauretania], 6-8 m (1909); 5 milles E de la Pointe du Repos [Mauretania], 9-10 m; Baie de Rufisque [Senegal], 18-20 m; W[est] du Cap Rouge [Ghana]. Syntypes MNHN (2 lots from Baie de Cansado and 1 from Cap Rouge). Fustiaria(?) gruveli (Dautzenberg, 1910) (fide Nicklès 1979: 59). Eastern Atlantic: Africa. 6-20 m. † gucuoensis, Dentalium Yao, 1990: 31, 32, pl. 1, figs 1-3, 5-8. Lower Cretaceous, Gucuo II Formation. Gucuo village, Nyalam, southern Xizang [Tibet], China. Holotype (XG886-19) and paratypes, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing. † guidottii, Dentalium Sacco, 1897: 95 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Rivalta, Piacenza, Italy. Replacement name for Dentalium deshayesii Cocconi, 1874, a junior homonym of Dentalium deshayesii Risso, 1826. guillei, Antalis Scarabino, 1995: 235, figs 43, 45k. Recent. Réunion, Indian Ocean, MD32, stn DC 136, 20°46’S, 55°36’E, 915-922 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (11; 4 from stn 136; 7 from stn DC 46), NM (1; stn DC 56). Antalis guillei Scarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean: Réunion. 150-915 m. † guineense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Adegoke, 1977: 62, 63, pl. 5, figs 15-18. Paleocene, Ewekoro Formation. Nigeria. Holotype UIMG 176; paratypes UIMG 177; USNM Paleobiology 174763, 174764, PRI 29764-PRI 29769. † guizhouensis, Plagioglypta Stiller, 2001: 623-626, figs 4, 5.5-5.7. Upper Anisian, Middle Triassic. Bangtoupo, NNE of Qingyan, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Holotype GPIM B6D1.S2.F35-1; paratype GPIM B6D-1.S2.F35-2. habutae, Dentalium Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933: 8, pl. 1, figs 12, 13, text-figs 3, 4. Recent. Toyama Bay, Japan, 150-350 m. Types in FGK. Junior synonym: Dentalium tessellatum Scarabino, 1995 (V. Scarabino, n. syn.). Entalinopsis habutae (Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933) (fide Habe 1957: 13). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 93-350 m. † haeringense, Dentalium Dreger, 1892: 12, pl. 1, figs 2a, 2b. Pliocene? Häring, near Kirchbichl, Tirol, Austria. Junior synonym of Coccodentalium trautscholdi Koenen, 1868 (fide Merklin & Goncharova 1967: 118). halius, Cadulus (Cadulus) Henderson, 1920: 149, pl. 20, fig. 12. Recent. Off English Harbor, Antigua, 120 fms [219 m]. Holotype USNM 596599; paratypes USNM 314936, AMNH 148332 (1). Junior synonym of Cadulus podagrinus Henderson, 1920 (n. syn., by First Reviser action herein). Known from type locality only. hamatum, Dentalium? Forbes, 1846. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. 597 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. “hamatus”, Dentalium – Conrad 1870b. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. hancocki, Dentalium (Tesseracme) Emerson, 1956: 3-6, fig. 1. Recent. One-half mile SE of Hughes Point, Santa Maria Bay, Baja California, Mexico, 24°44’31”N, 112°14’59”W, 11 fms [20 m]. Holotype LACM 1758; paratypes LACM 2887 (2; off Punta Penasco, Sonora, 11 fms [20 m]), LACM 2888 (1; 2.25 miles SE of Cape Pulmo, Baja California, Mexico, 20 fms [37 m]), LACM 2889 (1; Agua Verde Bay, Baja California, Mexico, 20 fms [37 m]). Tesseracme hancocki (Emerson, 1956). Eastern Pacific: Mexico. 9-36 m. † hanguense, Dentalium Cox, 1931: 203, 204, pl. 21, figs 12, 13. Tertiary. Hangu Shales, Samana Range, India. Holotype Geological Survey India 14703; paratype Geological Survey India 14702. hannai, Dentalium Baker, 1925: 84, 85, pl. 10, figs 4, 5. Recent. Baja California Norte; Pacific coast, Islas Los Coronados, c. 1 mi S of South Coronado Island, [10-18 fms, 18-33 m]. Holotype CAS 066343; paratypes CAS 060763, SDNHM 1788, SDNHM 1789, SDNHM 1811 (fide Hertz 1994: 11), UCM 23659 (fide Wu & Brandauer 1982: 40). Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata (Turton, 1819) (fide Keen 1971: 886, as Dentalium (Graptacme) semipolitum). † hannonicum, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889: 81. Upper Eocene. Mons, Belgium. harrisoni, Fissidentalium (Pictodentalium) formosum Habe, 1970: 95, figs 1, 2. Recent. South China Sea. Holotype NSMT Mo 37303; paratype NSMT Mo 37304. Synonym of Pictodentalium formosum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) (fide Scarabino 1995: 267). hatterasensis, Cadulus (Gadila) agassizii var. Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 169, 170, pl. 33, figs 50-54. Recent. Off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 35°19’30”N, 75°14’12”W, 293 fms [535 m]. Syntypes ANSP 35578. Synonym of Gadila agassizii (Dall, 1881) (n. syn.). † haytensis, Dentalium Gabb, 1873: 244. Miocene. Dominican Republic. Lectotype ANSP 2715 (selected by Woodring 1925: 203 as “holotype”); paralectotype ANSP 79219. Laevidentalium haytense (Gabb, 1873) (fide Woodring 1925: 202, 203). healyi, Dentalium n. nom. Recent. Darnley Island, Torres Straits [northern Australia], 30 fms [55 m]. Holotype AMS C170764. Replacement name for Dentalium duodecimcostatum Brazier, 1877 non Dentalium duodecimcostatum d’Archiac, 1850. Dentalium healyi Steiner & Kabat, 2004. IndoPacific: northern Australia. 9-500 m. hedleyi, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 23, figs 9D, 10D, 15. Recent. Swain Reefs, Queensland, Australia, dredged off sand bottom. Holotype AMS C171343; paratypes AMS C151517 (15 full specimens, 84 broken pieces, SE of Swain Reefs, Queensland, 22°31.4’S, 152°32.6’E, 598 100 m). Dentalium hedleyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Queensland, Australia. 1-100 m. † helveticum, Dentalium sexangulum “mut.” Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 160, 161, pl. 1, figs 13. Miocene, Helvetian. Salles (Largileyre), France. † helveticum, Siphonodentalium (Dischides “?”) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 186, pl. 2, figs 11-13. Miocene, Helvetian and Tortonian. Orthez (Le Paren), Sallespisse, Salles (Largileyre) and Saubrigues, France. † hemigymnum, Dentalium (Antale) degrangei var. Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 165, pl. 1, figs 25, 26. Miocene, Helvetian. Salies-de-Béarn, La Sime and Orthez (Houssé), France. hemileuron, Dentalium Verco, 1911a: 208, pl. 26, fig. 2. Recent. Off Cape Jaffa, South Australia, 300 fms [549 m]. Holotype SAM D 13727; paratypes USNM 251985 [BMNH 1913.4.30.6-9, possible paratypes]. Junior synonym: Dentalium tignum Colman, 1958 (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 29). Paradentalium hemileuron (Verco, 1911) (fide Cotton & Godfrey 1933: 139). IndoPacific: South Australia. 0-1463 m. hendersoni, Cadulus (Gadilopsis) Woodring, 1925: 207, pl. 28, fig. 4. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 352724. Junior synonym of Gadilopsis dentalina (Guppy, 1867) (fide Woodring 1973: 487). Remark: Woodring (1973: 487) concluded that this “should be treated as a form of C. dentalinus. Whether it is a subspecies or an infrasubspecific form is indeterminable”. hepburni, Cadulus Dall, 1897: 12, 13, pl. 1, fig. 13. Recent. Near Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 60 fms [110 m]. Lectotype USNM 107612 (designated by Shimek 1989: 234). Junior synonym of Gadila aberrans (Whiteaves, 1887) (fide Shimek 1898: 234). Remark: the lectotype designation by Shimek was probably unnecessary because he stated that the USNM 107612 is “1 specimen, a paratype, the figured type”; furthermore, there is no indication in Dall’s original description that he had more than one specimen. If there were no other syntypes, then this specimen is the holotype. † heptagonum, Dentalium Boettger, 1882: 140, pl. 12, figs 5a, 5b. Oligocene. Bawang River, Residenz Djokjakarta, Java, Indonesia. † herculeum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1863: 8, pl. 4, figs 10-12. Carboniferous. Salt Range, India. Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 231) listed Entalis herculea Waagen, “1887” as a junior synonym, but Waagen (1890: 181) is merely a new generic combination for de Koninck’s species. Plagioglypta herculea (de Koninck, 1863) (fide Waterhouse 1980: 198). † herritschi, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934: 44, pl. 1, fig. 10 [nomen nudum in Gugenberger 1933a: 102; 1933b: 184]. Triassic. North of Launsdorf, Austria. Prodentalium herritschi (Gugenberger, 1934) (fide Stiller 2001: 630). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) heteroschides, Cadulus (Polyschides) Niino & Habe (MS) in Habe & Kosuge, 1964: 11. Recent. Off Phuket, Malaya Archipelago. 50-80 m. Nomen nudum. † hexagonale, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 581, pl. 45, fig. 1. Jurassic, Sinemurian-Pliensbachian. Gasworks, Gloucester, England, United Kingdom. Remark: Engeser & Riedel (1992: 37) stated that “the features described and figured by Richardson (1906) do not coincide with the diagnosis of any known scaphopod genus”. hexagonum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent. Hong Kong [China]. Lectotype USNM 2053 (designated by Johnson 1964: 88, as “holotype”); paralectotype MCZ 169184. Junior synonyms: Dentalium sexcostatum Sowerby, 1860; Dentalium minus Boissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 218). Paradentalium hexagonum (Gould, 1859) (fide Kira 1954: 80). Indo-Pacific: China to Australia. 16-296 m. Remarks: the synonymization of Dentalium sexcostatum and Dentalium minus with this species by Scarabino (1995) was not followed by Lamprell & Healy (1998). Both publications rejected the synonymization with Dentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1804 by Nomura (1938) hexagonum, Dentalium Van Ingen, 1905: 363, pl. A, fig. b; pl. B., figs 1, 2. Late Cretaceous, Senonian. Near Kerak, Jordan Valley, Syria. Syntype YPM 35573 (fide White 1998: 4). Replacement name: Dentalium vaningeni n. nom. hexangulare, Dentalium Risso, 1826a: 125. Fossil. Near Nice, France. Nomen nudum. † hexapleuron, Dentalium Kaunhowen, 1897: 13, pl. 1, fig. 2. Cretaceous, Maestrichtian. Kunraed, Germany. hexaschistus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Boissevain, 1906: 67, 68, pl. 6, fig. 53, text-figs 32, 32a. Recent. Ceram Sea, Siboga stn 178, 02°40’S, 128°37.5’E, 835 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.090. Siphonodentalium hexaschistum (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 330). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to New Caledonia. 528-1740 m. Remark: the designation of ZMA 3.06.178 as the lectotype by Scarabino (1995: 330) is unnecessary, since Boissevain indicated that the species was described from a single specimen. hige, Pulsellum Habe, 1963: 273, 275, text-figs 47, 48. Recent. Zushi, Kanagawa Pref. Honshu, 350 m. Holotype and paratype in NSMT. Pulsellum hige Habe, 1963. Indo-Pacific: Japan. 5-350 m. Remarks: name for Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) ozawai sensu Hirase (1931: 140) non Yokoyama, 1926. Otuka (1935: 880) and Nomura & Hatai (1940: 74) reported this species from the Recent fauna of Japan. hillae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 59, figs 53C, 54C, 57. Recent. SW of Scott Reef, 410 km N of Broome, northern Western Australia, 14°39’S, 121°29’E, 500 m. Holotype ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) AMS C169776. Dentalium hillae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from type locality only. hintoni, Dischides Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 167, 168, figs 174B, 175A, 177. Recent. 3 km NW of west side of Gillett Cay, Swain Reef, Queensland, Australia, 80 m. Holotype AMS C174894; paratypes AMS C173611 (28). Dischides hintoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from type locality only. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the status of D. hintoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-à-vis Cadulus aratus Hedley, 1899 requires further research. hirasei, Dentalium (Pictodentalium) formosum subsp. Kira, 1959: 105, pl. 40, fig. 11. Recent. Southern Japan, 20 fms [37 m]. Nomen nudum in Kira (1954: 80) (fide Bieler & Petit 1990: 141). Junior synonym of Pictodentalium formosum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) (fide Scarabino 1995: 267). † hoernesi, Gadila Boettger, 1902: 182. Tertiary. Baden, near Vienna, Austria. Holotype SMF XIII.7a (fide Zilch 1934: 278, 279, pl. 22, fig. 25). Cadulus (Gadila) hoernesi (Boettger, 1902) (fide Zilch 1934: 278, 279). honoluluensis, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 89, 90 [Watson 1886: 17, pl. 2, fig. 10]. Recent. Reefs off Honolulu, Hawaii, 40 fms [72 m]. Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.70. Gadila honoluluensis (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 185). Known from type locality only. horikoshii, Fissidentalium Okutani, 1982: 1-3; figs 15. Recent. East of Kinkazan [Japan], Soyo-maru stn R3, 38°21.7’N, 143°25.6’E, 2930-3020 m. Holotype NSMT Mo.59950; paratypes NSMT Mo.59951-52. Fissidentalium horikoshii Okutani, 1982. Indo-Pacific: Japan to eastern Australia. 1615-3500 m. hosoi, Dentalium Habe, 1963: 263, text-figs 4-6. Recent. Off Tosa Bay, Shikoku, “deep bottom”. Holotype and paratype in NSMT. Striodentalium hosoi (Habe, 1963) (fide Habe 1964: 23). IndoPacific: Japan. 200-760 m. houbricki, Laevidentalium Scarabino, 1995: 295, 296, figs 100, 102d. Recent. New Caledonia, secteur de Poindimie, LAGON stn 835, 20°47’S, 165°17’E, 135-150 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (7; 2 from stn 835; 5 from stn 858), AMS C201729 (1; stn 858), NMNZ M268955 (1; stn 858), USNM 890861 (1; stn 858). Laevidentalium houbricki Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to New Caledonia. 135-220 m. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the status of L. arnoldi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-à-vis L. houbricki Scarabino, 1995 requires further research. houthalenense, Dentalium Goddeeris, 1978: 70, 72. Miocene. Belgium. Nomen nudum. † houthalenensis, Cadulus (Gadila) benoisti var. Goddeeris, 1977: 155-157, fig. 1. Miocene. Houthalen Sands, Wijshagen, Belgium. Holotype 599 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. KBINW 5596. Gadila benoisti houthalenensis (Goddeeris, 1977) (fide Janssen 1984: 117, 118, pl. 42, figs 18a, 18b). Remark: Goddeeris (1978: 70) listed Cadulus benoisti houthalensis and Dentalium houthalense MS as separate taxa. howardensis, Clavulites Girty, 1904. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. howchini, Dentalium (Paradentalium) Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938: 224, pl. 12, fig. 6. Lower Pliocene. Abattoirs Bore, South Australia, Australia. Holotype SAM. Junior synonym of Dentalium (Dentalium) latesulcatum Tate, 1899 (fide Ludbrook 1956: 1, 2). hungarica, Gadila Szöts, 1953 [ex Hantken MS]: 81 [Hungarian], 203 [French]. Nomen nudum. Remark: under Cadulus (Gadila) pseudohungaricus n. sp., Szöts refered to “La G. hungarica Hantk. in coll. est assez abondante [...]”. hungerfordi, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 84, pl. 6, fig. 83. Recent. Hong Kong. Lectotype BMNH 1881.2.1.1 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 258, as “holotype”); paralectotype BMNH 1881.2.1.2. Replacement name for Dentalium compressum Sowerby, 1888, a junior homonym of Dentalium compressum Watson, 1879, Dentalium compressum Meyer, 1884, and Dentalium compressum d’Orbigny, 1850. Compressidentalium hungerfordi (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) (fide Habe 1963: 260). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan. 50-1570 m. † hurupiensis, Cadulus Dell, 1952: 83, 84, fig. 18. Miocene, Tongaporutuan. Hurupi Beds, southern Wairarapa, Palliser Bay, New Zealand. Holotype NMNZ M.5590. Cadulus (s.l.) hurupiensis Dell, 1952 (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424). huttoni, Dentalium Kirk, 1880: 306. Recent. Three specimens “from the stomach of a trumpeter (Latris hecateia)”. Type locality not specified [although presumably New Zealand]. Lectotype NMNZ M261 (designated by Dell 1957: 570); paralectotypes NMNZ M131453. Junior synonym of Antalis nana (Hutton, 1873) (fide Dell 1957: 570). Remark: Dell (1957: 570) stated the type material was obtained from a fish “probably caught near Wellington”. huttoni, Dentalium Bather, 1905: 540, figs 4-7. Carboniferous. New Zealand. Junior homonym of Dentalium huttoni Kirk, 1880 (Recent). Replacement name: Dentalium batheri Finlay, 1927. hyalinum, Dentalium Philippi, 1846: 55. Recent. Mazatlan [Mexico]. Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata (Turton, 1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 91). hyalinum, Siphodentalium Brugnone, 1876: 21, fig. 32. Plio-Pleistocene. Monte Ficarazzi, Italy. Holotype UPMN (fide R. La Perna in litt.). Junior synonym of Polyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 171). Remarks: Brugnone (1878: 44) transferred this species to “Helonix” [sic, 600 Helonyx]. Bellini (1909: 233) listed this as a variety of Siphonodentalium (Gadila) gadus. hyperhemileuron, Dentalium Verco, 1911b: 217, 218, pl. 26, figs 3, 3a. Recent. King George Sound, W Australia, 12-35 fms [22-64 m]. Lectotype SAM D 13726 (designated by Zeidler & Macphail 1978: 383, as “holotype”); paralectotypes SAM D 16000 (4) (incorrectly labelled co-types, fide Zeidler & Macphail 1978: 383), USNM 251993 (King George Sound, Western Australia, 22-26 m). Dentalium hyperhemileuron Verco, 1911. IndoPacific: Australia. 22-600 m. Remark: the other paratypes (or paralectotypes) listed by Verco (200 from King George Sound, Western Australia, 12-14 fms; 60 from King George Sound, 2228 fms; 4 from King George Sound, 35 fms; 6 from Geographe Bay, Western Australia, 15 fms; 4 from Geographe Bay, 22 fms; 20 from off Fremantle, Western Australia, 10-12 fms) were not located or not associated with the catalog numbers listed. † ibergense, Dentalium Römer, 1855: 36, pl. 7, fig. 7. Devonian. Ibergs, near Grund, Harz Mountains, Germany. † ignotum, Dentalium Korobkov, 1955: 210, 211, pl. 3, figs 8-11. Middle Eocene. Northern Caucasus, Russia. † iheringi, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 48, pl. 5, fig. 1. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-074. † ihungia, Dentalium Marwick, 1931: 158, pl. 18, figs 344, 345. Miocene, Clifdenian, Ihungia Series. Muddy Creek, Gisborne, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM4803; paratypes NZGS TM4804 (1), NZGS G 1237 (2) (fide Keyes 1972: 95). Dentalium ihungia Marwick, 1931 (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424). † illinoiensis, Dentalium Worthen, 1883: 325. Carboniferous. Chester Limestone, Chester, Illinois, USA. Holotype Illinois State Collection No. 2488. imparcostata, Dentalium (Entalis “?”) Nechaev, 1897: 124, pl. 10, figs 3, 4. Eocene. Near Saratov, Russia. Junior synonym of Dentalium rugiferum Koenen, 1885 (fide Makarenko 1970: 113). imperforatum, Dentalium G. Adams, 1798. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. inaequale, Dentalium Bronn, 1831: 84, 85. Miocene. Italy. Junior synonym of Dentalium sexangulum Gmelin, 1791 (fide Bernasconi 1996: 26). Junior synonym: Dentalum orsum Bonelli in Sismonda, 1847 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 205). inaequale, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 67, 68, pl. 2, figs 41, 42. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Junior homonym of Dentalium inaequale Bronn, 1831. Junior synonym of Plagioglypta ingens (de Koninck, 1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 231). † inaequicostata, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879: 117, pl. 11, figs 48, 48a. Miocene. Reggio, Calabria, Italy. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) inaequicostatum, Dentalium Dautzenberg, 1891: 53 (1895: 370). Recent. Roussillon, France, Mediterrannean. Syntypes (of Dentalium alternans) MNHN. Replacement name for Dentalium alternans Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882, a junior homonym of Dentalium alternans Chenu, 1843. Objective junior synonym: Dentalium dollfusi Cossmann, 1899, which is a junior homonym of Dentalium dollfusi Koenen, 1883. Junior homonym of Dentalium inaequicostatum Seguenza, 1879. Antalis inaequicostata (Dautzenberg, 1891) (generic placement fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 52). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean. 5-120 m. Remarks: although there is no valid junior synonym available, we prefer not to introduce yet another replacement name for this species in order to limit the nomenclatural damage suffered by this taxon. Antalis inaequicostata (Dautzenberg, 1891) is in current use for this Mediterranean species, whereas Seguenza’s name is not. Moreover, it remains to be determined whether Antalis inaequicostata is conspecific with the allied Atlantic Antalis novemcostata (Lamarck, 1818). Should this be the case, Lamarck’s junior synonym becomes an available name for inaequicostata. Even if these species turn out to be distinct, the name inaequicostata Dautzenberg can be preserved pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 23.9.1, which allows for homonyms that have been widely used in the literature to be preserved if the senior name has not been used since 1899. Antale ininaequicostata [Ferrera Mortara et al., 1984: 305] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. inaequisculpta, Entalina Ludbrook, 1954: 111, 112, fig. 16. Recent. Gulf of Aden, John Murray Exp. stn 185, 13°48’06”N, 49°16’48”E-13°48’36”N, 49°16’24”E, 2000 m. Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.5; paratypes BMNH 1952.3.25.6BMNH 1952.3.25.19. Entalina inaequisculpta Ludbrook, 1954. Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to Celebes. 835-2198 m. incertula, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Sacco, 1897: 113, pl. 10, fig. 34 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. Montegibio, Niciola and Fossetta, Italy. Replacement name for Dentalium intermedium Coppi, 1876, a junior homonym of Dentalium intermedium Hupé, 1854. Junior synonym of Gadilina jani (Hörnes, 1856) (fide Pavia 1991: 128, 129). † incertum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 362, 363, pl. 17, fig. 17. Tertiary? Bordeaux and Maulette, near Houdan, Paris Basin, France. Referable to Laevidentalium (Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85), possibly a junior synonym of Dentalium nitens J. Sowerby, 1814 (fide Deshayes 1864: 202). † incisissimum, Dentalium Meyer & Aldrich, 1886: 40, pl. 2, fig. 1. Eocene and Oligocene. Wautubbee, Mississippi, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 638724 (designated by Palmer & Brann 1965: 367 as “holotype”). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) † incisum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, figs 8, 9; 1850: 4. Pliocene? Italy. incisus, Cadulus Bush, 1885: 471, pl. 45, fig. 20. Recent. Off Cape Hatteras, Albatross stn 2272, 15 fms [27 m]. Lectotype USNM 44860 (designated by Johnson 1989: 43); paralectotypes YPM 15865 (2). Junior synonym of Polyschides tetraschistus (Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1980: 12). Remark: Johnson (1989: 43) stated that there were “two paratypes” but Bush only referred to two specimens total, so the second specimen in YPM 15865 must have been added at a later date. incolor, Dentalium (Dentalium) aprinum Boissevain, 1906: 10, pl. 4, figs 3-6. Recent. Indonesia, Anchorage off Lirung, Salibabu Island, Siboga stn 133, up to 36 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.005 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 198); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.006 (3 in original description; 4 fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000), ZMA 3.06.007 (1; anchorage near Seget, west-entrance Selee (Galewo) strait, Siboga stn 163, 29 m). Junior synonym of Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1767 (fide Scarabino 1995: 198). incrassatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. incurvum, Dentalium Renier, 1804. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. indianorum, Dentalium pretiosum var. Carpenter, 1864: 612, 648. Recent. Monterey (to) Catalina Island, California [USA], 20 fms [37 m]. Syntypes USNM 14790 (1), USNM 601274 (4), MCZ 29203 (7). Junior synonym: Antalis denseliratum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 [ex Carpenter MS]. Synonym of Antalis pretiosa (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 45). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 250) published Carpenter’s manuscript name, Antalis denseliratum, in synonymy with A. indianorum. indianum, Dentalium Girty, 1915: 135. Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian. Locality 2006, Wewoka Formation, Wewoka quadrangle, Oklahoma, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 121077 (labelled as “lectotype”). Junior synonym of Prodentalium semicostatum (Girty, 1911) (fide Yancey 1978: 308, by First Reviser action). Remark: syntype illustrated by Girty (1915: 146, pl. 25, figs 12, 12a). indica, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1318, 1319, pl. 1, figs 12-14, pl. 4, figs 4-7. Recent. Indian Ocean, Vitjaz stn 4922 D, 6°54.2’N, 83°00.7’E, 3980 m. Holotype IOM; paratypes IOM (2 from stn 4922; 1 from stn 4721, 16°48.3’N, 62°20.3’E, 3860 m; 2 from stn 4925, 11°42.5’N, 82°49.3’E, 3428 m; 1 from stn 4934, 16°57’N, 86°59.2’E, 2596 m; 1 from stn 5292, 5°07.3’N, 91°43.5’E, 3860 m; 1 from stn 5304, 8°08.2’N, 95°21.7’E, 2480 m; 1 from Akademik Kurtschatov stn 25-8, 4°32.2’S, 63°18.3’E, 4440 m). Costentalina indica 601 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Chistikov, 1982. Indian Ocean: Red Sea to Madagascar and India. 2480-5285 m. indica, Wemersoniella Scarabino, 1995: 325, 326, figs 126, 129a. Recent. NE of Mozambique Channel (Madagascar), RV Suroit, BENTHEDI stn CH87, 11°44’S, 47°35’E, 3716 m. Holotype MNHN. Wemersoniella indica Scarabino, 1995. Known from the type locality only. indicum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 3, fig. 11; 1850: 4. Recent. Indian Ocean. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Laevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 116). indicum, Dentalium (Antalis) entalis var. Boissevain, 1906: 44, pl. 6, fig. 15. Recent. Indonesia, Siboga stn 159, 00°59.1’S, 129°48.8’E, 411 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.051. Junior homonym of Dentalium indicum Chenu, 1843. Replacement name: Antalis boissevainae Palmer, 1974; a junior synonym of Antalis tibana (Nomura, 1940) (fide Habe 1961: 105). ). Remark: Scarabino (1995: 231) unnecessarily designated the single specimen as lectotype. indistinctum, Dentalium Fleming, 1825. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. inexpectatus, Bathoxiphus Scarabino, 1995: 315, 316, figs 117, 121c. Recent. New Caledonia, N Norfolk Ridge, RV Jean Charcot, BIOCAL, stn DW46, 22°53’S, 167°17’E, 570-610 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (1 from LAGON stn 830; 10 from stn DW44), AMS C201732, NMNZ M268952, USNM 890866. Bathoxiphus inexpectatus Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 410-570 m. † infans, Cadulus (Gadila) Tate, 1899: 266, 267, pl. 8, fig. 11. Miocene. Muddy Creek, Victoria, Australia. Holotype SAM T 1614. Cadulus (Gadila) infans Tate, 1899 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 148, pl. 1, fig. 6). infimus, Compressidens Scarabino, 1995: 368, 369, figs 173, 174d. Recent. Réunion, MD32 stn DS109, 20°52’S, 55°06’E, 1050-1240 m. Holotype and 8 paratypes MNHN. Compressidens infimus Scarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean. 10501240 m. inflata, Cadulus olivii var. Locard, 1898: 134, pl. 7, figs 13-15. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Polyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835). inflata, Cadulus propinquus var. Locard, 1898: 139. Recent. Bay of Biscay, Travailleur 1880 stn 2, 1019 m; North of Spain, Travailleur 1880 stn 9, 1190 m. Type material not located. Synonym of Cadulus propinquus G. O. Sars, 1878. inflexum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1903: 224, pl. 5, fig. 11. Recent. Tugela River Mouth (Natal), bearing north west by west, distant 3.5 miles, 14 fms [26 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1903.7.27.60, NMW. Antalis inflexa (Sowerby, 1903) (fide Scarabino 1995: 236). Eastern Atlantic, Indian Ocean: South Africa. 25-44 m. Remarks: Sowerby gave the meas- 602 urements of the single specimen in BMNH labelled “holotype”, but the original description did not specify a holotype. Barnard (1963b: 351) listed “cotypes” in SAFM A5470, which were not mentioned by Giles & Gosliner (1983). † infortunatum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 255. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone, England, United Kingdom. Replacement name for Dentalium gardneri Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898, a junior homonym of Dentalium gardneri (Holzapfel, 1888). infractum, Dentalium Odhner, 1931: 1-3, pl. 1, figs 13, 8, 10, 12, pl. 2, 15-17, 22, 23. Recent. Coast of Uruguay, Swedish Antarctic Exp., stn 1, 33°00’S, 51°10’W, 80 m. Syntypes SMNH 1554 (fide Sandberg & Warén 1993: 125). Junior synonym: Dentalium (Antalis) elegantulum Penna-Neme, 1974 (fide Scarabino 1975: 184). Antalis infracta (Odhner, 1931) (fide Penna-Neme 1974: 110; Scarabino 1975: 184). Western Atlantic: Brazil to Argentina. 20-190 m. † infraeocaenicanum, Pulsellum Cossmann, 1907a: 204, 205, pl. 9. Paleocene, Thanetian. Noailles, near Paris, France. Remark: a valid species of Compressidens (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 86). † infraoligocaenicum, Compressidens Welle, 1997: 95, 96, pl. 13, figs 17-19. Lower Oligocene, RatheimSchichten. Schacht 8, Bergwerksgesellschaft Sophia Jacoba, near Erkelenz (north of Aachen), Germany. Holotype GPIM D.8-9-1.199; paratypes GPIM (5). infundibulum, Dentalium entalis var. Jeffreys, 1869: 197. Recent. Loch Fyne [Scotland]. Type material not located. Synonym of Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758). † infundibulum, Pulsellum Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 181, pl. 1, figs 60-62, pl. 2, fig. 16. Miocene, Helvetian and Burdigalian. Salles (Le Minoy), SaintÉtienne-d’Orthe, and Saint-Paul-lès-Dax, France. † ingens, Dentalium de Koninck, 1843: 317, pl. 22, figs 2a-2c. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Junior synonym: Dentalium inaequale Ryckholt, 1851 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 231). Plagioglypta ingens (de Koninck, 1843) (fide Waterhouse 1990: 198, 199). ingrata, Spadentalina Scarabino, 1995: 310-312, figs 111e-g, 113, 115f. Recent. Loyalty Islands, Pacific, RV Alis MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW444, 20°54’S, 167°18’E, 300 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (1 from DW444; 1 from DW253; 2 from DW282; 1 from DW334; 1 from DW344; 3 from DW446; 1 from Vauban 34; 3 from Vauban 40), AMS C201731 (1; DW282), NMNZ M268951 (1; Vauban 40), USNM 890863 (1; DW280). Spadentalina ingrata Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to New Caledonia. 182-440 m. ininaequicostata, see inaequicostatum. innumerabile, Dentalium (Episiphon) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 119, pl. 18, figs 6-8. Recent. Type locality ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) not specified. Localities of syntypes: ANSP 35564 (Panama Bay, USFC stn 2799, 8°44’N, 79°09’W, 29.5 fms [54 m]), USNM 96983 (Panama Bay, Albatross stn 2803, 8°27’N, 79°35’W, 26 fms [47 m]), USNM 97024 (Off Lower California near Cerros Island, Albatross stn 2838, 28°12’N, 115°09’W, 44 fms [80 m]), USNM 107697 and USNM 203131 (Panama Bay, Albatross stn 2799, 8°44’N, 79°09’W, 54 m), USNM 122770 (Panama Bay, Albatross stn 2803, 8°27’N, 79°35’W, 26 fms [47 m]), USNM 122804 (Panama Bay, Albatross stn 2805, 7°56’N, 79°41’30W, 51 fms [93 m]), USNM 122811 (off Lower California near Santa Margarita Island, Albatross stn 2831, 24°32’N, 111°59’W, 12 fms [22 m]), USNM 203132 (Off Guaymas, Albatross stn 3037, 27°45’N, 110°45’W, 20 fms [37 m]), SBMNH 35012 (Panama Bay, USFC stn 2799, 8°44’N, 79°09’W, 54 m). Junior synonym: Dentalium (Rhabdus) cedrosense Hertlein & Strong, 1951 (fide Keen 1971: 888). Episiphon innumerabile (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). Eastern Pacific: California to Panama. 22-93 m. † inopinatum, Dentalium Mayer-Eymar, 1887: 52, 104, pl. 4, fig. 7. Eocene, Bartonian, Auversian. Schimberg, near Thun, Switzerland. inornatum, Dentalium McCoy in Griffith, 1844. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. inornatum, Dentalium Wade, 1926: 100, 101, pl. 33, figs 2, 3. Upper Cretaceous, Ripley Formation. Dave Weeks property on Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee, USA. Type material USNM Paleobiology 32821. Junior homonym of Dentalium inornatum McCoy in Griffith, 1844. Replacement name: Dentalium demersum Pilsbry, 1927. Junior synonym of Dentalium leve Stephenson, 1923 (fide Stephenson 1941: 253, 254). insolitum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1894: 168, 169, pl. 4, fig. 17, 17a. Recent. Bay of Bengal [India], 597 fms [1090 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1894.9.11.9 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 109); paralectotypes BMNH 1952.3.25.83-93 (not located), ZSI 5412. Junior synonym: Dentalium stapes Boissevain, 1906 (fide Habe 1964: 32). Gadilina insolita (E. A. Smith, 1894) (fide Plate 1908a: 353). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to New Caledonia and Japan. 625-1328 m. † insuranum, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 183, 184. Oligocene, Priabonian. Locality 813, Saädang, Celebes, Indonesia. Replacement name for Dentalium martini Dollfus, 1915 non Whitfield, 1882. † interbinarium, Dentalium sexangulum “mut.” Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 161, pl. 1, figs 4-7. Miocene. Saubrigues, France. intercalatum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent. China Seas. Lectotype USNM 24183 (designated by Johnson 1964: 93, as “holotype”); paralectotype MCZ 169197 [ex NYSM 148). Junior synonym: Dentalium bednalli Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 (fide Verco 1904; fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 59). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Paradentalium intercalatum (Gould, 1859) (fide Habe & Kosuge 1964: 1). Indo-Pacific: China to Australia. 0-668 m. intercalatum, Dentalium Wade, 1926: 100, pl. 33, figs 18, 19. Upper Cretaceous, Ripley Formation. Dave Weeks property on Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee, USA. Type material USNM Paleobiology 32829. Junior homonym of Dentalium intercalatum Gould, 1859. Replacement name: Dentalium wadei Pilsbry, 1927. intercosicillata, see intercosticillata. intercostatum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 14, pl. 6, fig. 4, text-fig. 11. Recent. Indonesia, Ceram Sea, Siboga stn 178, 02°40’S, 128°37’E, 835 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.010 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 306 as “holotype”); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.011 (2; stn 314, 694 m; lost, fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000). Junior synonyms: Dentalium siberutense Plate, 1908a (fide Scarabino 1995: 305); Dentalium nivosum Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933 (fide Habe 1964: 40); Dentalium tugaruense Nomura & Hatai, 1940 (fide Habe 1964: 40). Entalinopsis intercostata (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe 1963: 272). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan. 50-1500 m. Remark: Lamprell & Healy (1998: 48) considered Dentalium intercostatum to be a junior synonym of Dentalium thetidis Hedley, 1903 (currently in the genus Striodentalium), thus rejecting Habe’s assignment of this species to Entalinopsis. † intercosticillata, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897: 97, pl. 7, figs 87, 88 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.036, BS.106.01.037 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 302). Dentalium michelotti var. intercosicillata [Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 209] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. intermedia, Dentalium caudani var. Locard, 1898: 105. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Syntype MNHN. Synonym of Dentalium caudani, a junior synonym of Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877). † intermedium, Dentalium Hupé, 1854: 276, pl. 2, fig. 9. Tertiary. Topocalma, Colchagua Province, Chile. intermedium, Dentalium R. Hörnes, 1875: 364, 365 [32, 33], pl. 10, figs 16, 17. Miocene. Ottnang, northern Austria. Syntypes GBA 1875/01/0043 (3). Junior homonym of Dentalium intermedium Hupé, 1854; junior synonym of Antalis bouei (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 200). intermedium, Dentalium Coppi, 1876: 203. Miocene. Montegibio, Niciola and Fossetta, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium intermedium Hupé, 1854; replacement name: Dentalium (Fustiaria) incertula Sacco, 1897, a junior synonym of Gadilina jani (Hörnes, 1856) (fide Pavia 1991: 128, 129). † interruptum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3739 [citing Schröter 1784a: 530 n. 10]. Miocene. Piedmont, 603 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Italy. Antalis interrupta (Gmelin, 1791) (fide Pavia 1991: 115-120, pl. 2, figs 1-4, table 1; text-figs 2-5). interstriatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 102, pl. 223, fig. 7. Recent. Island of Bohol, Philippines. Syntypes BMNH 1950.11.2.42-44 (3) (incorrectly labelled “holotype” and “paratypes”). Junior synonym of Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1767 (fide Habe 1964: 6, 7). † intertrinarium, Dentalium sexangulum var. Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 162, pl. 1, figs 8-11. Miocene, Helvetian. Salies-de-Béarn, France. intesi, Dentalium (Antalis) Nicklès, 1979: 49, 50, textfig. 7, pl. 1, fig I. Recent. Gonzagueville, Ivory Coast, ORSTOM 1966-67 stn 17, 35 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes (1 from ORSTOM 1966-67 stn 18, Vridi, 20 m; 1 from ORSTOM 1966-67 stn 19, Jacqueville, 30 m) not located in MNHN, not in SAFM (fide Giles & Gosliner 1983). Antalis intesi (Nicklès, 1979). Eastern Atlantic: Africa, Ivory Coast, Ghana. 20-35 m. intestiniforme, Dentalium Hanley, 1860. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † intumescens, Gadus Koenen, 1885: 72, 73, pl. 3, fig. 16. Paleocene. Denmark. Remark: a valid species of Cadulus (fide Makarenko 1970: 115). invalidum, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 184. Recent. Jamaica. Holotype (of regulare Henderson) USNM 107887. Replacement name for Dentalium (Dentalium) laqueatum regulare Henderson, 1920 non Ahlburg, 1906, non E. A. Smith, 1903. Dentalium invalidum Emerson, 1954. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 78-255 m. inversum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 370, 371 [50, 51 in reprint], pl. 16, fig. 21. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntypes MNHN. Graptacme inversa (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 95). Eastern Atlantic: Africa, Senegal (Nicklés 1979: 55), ? Gulf of California (Keen 1958: 238, 239; “accidently omitted” in Keen 1971: 886, fide Keen & Coan 1975: 48). No data on bathymetric distribution available. inversum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Cossmann, 1915: 7 [ex Rutot MS]. Paleocene, Montian. Puits Coppée, Belgium. Junior homonym of Dentalium inversum Deshayes, 1825. Tentative junior synonym of Fustiaria montense (Briart & Cornet, 1887) (n. syn.). Remark: Cossmann (1915: 7) indicates that the only difference between the single specimen of inversum and montense is the position of the slit. We, therefore, prefer to place inversum Cossmann in synonymy with Fustiaria montense instead of introducing a replacement name. iota, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 134, 135, pl. 19, fig. 2. Recent. Mayaguez Harbor, Puerto Rico, USBF stn 6062, 25 fms [46 m]. Holotype USNM 161581. Gadila iota (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 46-146 m. † iowaensis, Coleolus “?” James, 1890: 354, 355. Upper Ordovician, Cincinnatian. Near Graf, 604 Dubuque County, Iowa, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 34628 (designated by Bretsky & Bermingham 1970: 911, pl. 131, fig. 2); numerous paralectotypes USNM Paleobiology 34628. Remark: transferred to the Scaphopoda by Bretsky & Bermingham (1970), as a valid species of Plagioglypta. irregulare, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879: 275, pl. 16, figs 33, 33a. Pliocene, Astian stage. Gallina, Reggio, Calabria, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium irregularis Hutton, 1873; replacement name: Dentalium subirregulare Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. irregularis, Dentalium Risso, 1826a: 125; 1826b: 400. Fossil. La Trinité, France. Nomen nudum. † irregularis, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 1. Upper Miocene, Pareora Formation. Kanieri and Awamoa, New Zealand. Lectotype NZGS TM4805 (designated by Suter 1914: 32). Dentalium irregulare Hutton, 1873 (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424). Remark: Fleming (1955: 1059) and Keyes (1972: 95) determined that Suter had erroneously synonymized D. irregulare with D. mantelli Zittel, 1864. isaotakii, Siphonodentalium Habe, 1953: 299. Recent. Tokyo Bay, Honshu, Japan. Holotype NSMT 54817; paratypes NSMT 54818, AMNH 148421 (6). Siphonodentalium isaotakii Habe, 1953. IndoPacific: Japan. ivanovi, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 125. Carboniferous. Near Moscow, Russia. Replacement name for Dentalium striatum Ivanov, 1926 non Born, 1780. Remark: as Ivanov’s taxon was not validly described, there was no need to rename it. ivanovi, Epirhabdoides Steiner, 1999: 153-155, figs 26. Recent. Vitjaz stn 24-3578, 38°35’N, 142°53’E, Japan Trench, 1641 m. Holotype MMSU Lb-23 ; paratypes MMSU Lb-24 (2), Lb-25 (4), MNHN (2), BMNH 1996379 (2). Epirhabdoides ivanovi Steiner, 1999. Known from the type locality only. † ixhuatlanensis, Dentalium Alencaster-Ibarra, 1950: 223, 224, fig. 2. Miocene. Kilometer 22 on railroad SE of Ixhuatlán, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Holotype Colección Paleontológica, Gerencia de Exploración, Petróleros Mexicanos, PM 2003. † jacksonense, Dentalium (Antalis) mississippiense var. Palmer, 1947: 212, 213, pl. 26, figs 20-22. Eocene, Jackson Formation. Moodys Branch marl and Lower Yazoo clay, Mississippi, USA. Holotype PRI 4477; paratypes PRI 4478, PRI 4479. † jacksonensis, Cadulus Meyer, 1885: 462; 1886: 65, pl. 3, figs 8-8b. Eocene. Jackson, Mississippi, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 638704. Remark: Pilsbry & Harbison (1933: 117) suggested that Cadulus newtonensis Meyer & Aldrich, 1886 was a junior synonym of this species; however, Palmer & Brann (1965: 362) listed both taxa as valid. jaeckeli, Siphonodentalium Scarabino, 1995: 332, figs 134, 135a. Recent. West Indian Ocean, Madagascar, West Banc du Leven, BENTHEDI stn ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) DS03, 12°35.5’S, 47°38.2’E, 1150-1100 m. Holotype and 1 paratype MNHN. Siphonodentalium jaeckeli Scarabino, 1995. Known from the type locality only. † jaegeri, Suevidontis Engeser, Riedel & Bandel, 1993: 94, 95, pl. 3, figs 4-10. Late Middle Jurassic, Middle Callovian. Plettenberg, near Dotternhausen, c. 40 km south of Stuttgart, Germany. Holotype GPIMH 2834; paratypes GPIMH 28352839. jaffaensis, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938: 221, 222, pl. 12, fig. 5. Recent. Off Cape Jaffa, South Australia, 90 fms [165 m]. Holotype SAM D 13337. Laevidentalium jaffaensis (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 113). Indian and Southern Oceans: S and SW Australia. 75-300 m. jamaicense, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) meridionale var. Henderson, 1920: 62, pl. 9 fig. 4. Recent. Near Jamaica, USBF stn 2140, 966 fms [1763 m]. Holotype USNM 103519. Junior synonym of Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) (fide Scarabino 1994: 307). jamiesoni, Episiphon Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 131, 132, figs 135A, B, 136A, B, 137. Recent. Off Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 17°50.67’S, 147°18.2’E, 703 m. Holotype QM MO45835; paratypes QM MO17730 (6), QM MO17950 (2), AMS C173422 (26; off Cairns, Queensland, 17°09.42-36’S, 146°42.24’-42.00’E, 668 m), AMS C169798 (2; NE of Sydney, New South Wales, 33°33’S, 152°05’E, 750 m), AMS C173306 (8; E of Sandy Cape, Queensland, 24°43.5-8’S, 153°33.4-33.3’E, 604 m). Episiphon jamiesoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern and eastern Australia. 192-770 m. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the status of E. jamiesoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-à-vis Gadilina insolita (E.A. Smith, 1894) requires further research. † jani, Dentalium Hörnes, 1856: 657, 658, pl. 50, fig. 37. Miocene. Baden, Wiener Becken, Austria. Lectotype NMW 1846.37.540 (designated by Pavia 1991: 129); paralectotypes NMW (11). Junior synonyms: Dentalium intermedium Coppi, 1876, Fustiaria emersoni Caprotti, 1979 (fide Pavia 1991: 128). Gadilina jani (Hörnes, 1856) (fide Pavia 1991: 128-130). japonicum, Dentalium Dunker, 1877: 68. Recent. Japan. Holotype ZMB 101995. Junior synonym of Dentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1804 (fide Habe 1964: 8). japonicum, Siphonodentalium Habe, 1960: 294. Recent. Tomioka, Amakusa Island, Kyushu, Japan. Holotype NSMT 54819; paratypes NSMT 54820, AMNH 148416 (3). Siphonodentalium japonicum Habe, 1960. Indo-Pacific: Japan. 30-300 m. Remark: this name with “sp.nov.” also appears in Habe & Kikuchi (1960: 30) as nomen nudum. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) javanum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 102, pl. 233, fig. 12. Recent. Malacca [Java], 22 m. Lectotype BMNH 1993006/1 (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 42); paralectotypes BMNH 1993006/2-3 (2). Dentalium javanum Sowerby, 1860. Indo-Pacific: India to Australia and New Guinea. 4-150 m. † javense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 124. Tertiary. Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7291 (6) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). Replacement name for Cadulus martini Finlay, 1927 non Dentalium martini Whitfield, 1882. Finlay’s name is itself a replacement name for Dentalium compressum Martin, 1885 non d’Orbigny, 1850. Palmer (1974b: 124) claimed that Finlay’s species was actually referable to Dentalium, so it was a junior secondary homonym of Dentalium martini Whitfield, 1882. jeanae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 46, figs 37D, 38F, 42. Recent. 37 km E of Lady Musgrave Island, Queensland, Australia, 23°44’S, 152°49’E, 348-357 m. Holotype AMS C174889; paratype AMS C305472. Dentalium jeanae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Queensland, Australia. 348-357 m. jeffereysi, see jeffreysi Gardner, 1878. † jeffreysi, Dentalium Gardner, 1878: 61, 62, pl. 3, figs 26-33. Cretaceous, Gaultian. Folkestone, Cambridge and Atherfield, England, United Kingdom. Dentalium jeffereysi [Yao 1990: 31, 32] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. jeffreysi, Helonyx Monterosato, 1875: 20. Recent. Mediterranean and North Atlantic, 91-456 m. Type material not located. Junior synonym: Helonyx subfusiformis var. abyssicola Monterosato, 1875 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 163, by First Reviser action, according to ICZN 1999: article 24). Cadulus jeffreysi (Monterosato, 1875) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 163). Eastern Atlantic: Norway to St Helena; Mediterranean. 90-2200 m. Remark: this species was misidentified as Cadulus subfusiformis M. Sars by Jeffreys (1869: 196). jelli, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 25, 26, figs 9F, 10F, 18, 19. Recent. Off Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 17°50.67’S, 147°18.2’E, 703 m. Holotype QM MO45837; paratypes QM MO17766 (9), AMS C171341 (2), MV F69579 (7; 26°10’S, 153°13’E, southern Queensland, Australia). Dentalium jelli Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Queensland, Australia. 703 m (depth range not given in original description). johnsoni, Dentalium (Episiphon) Emerson, 1952a: 5, 6, pl. 1, fig. 2. Recent. Off Puerto Rico, JohnsonSmithsonian Deep-Sea Exp. stn 25, 18°32’15”N, 66°22’10”W, 240-300 fms [438-548 m]. Holotype USNM 603543; paratypes USNM 429714, AMNH 148289 (2). Junior synonym of Episiphon didymum (Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1975: 186). 605 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. † jonkeri, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 188, pl. 10, fig. 187; 1887: 188, pl. 10, fig. 187. Miocene/ Pliocene. Tambak Batu, Ngembak and Batavia (Jakarta), Java, Indonesia; Kassi Marinu, Fialarang, Timor. Syntypes RGM 7259 (2), RGM 7258 (1), RGM 7260 (1) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111) † juliana, Dentalium sulcosum var. Ihering, 1907: 224. Tertiary. San Julián, Canada de los Artilleros, Patagonia, Argentina. Dentalium sulcosum julianum Ihering, 1907 (fide Ihering 1914: 67). Type material not located. † junghuhni, Dentalium Martin, 1880: 87, 88, pl. 12, fig.11. Miocene. Locality R, Tji-Karang, E of Tijieri, Kendeg district, Sukapura Regency, Java, Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7252 (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111). Remark: Dentalium junghuhni – Boettger 1882 and Dentalium junghuhni – Noetling 1901 were subsequently described as Dentalium nanggulanense and Dentalium noetlingi, respectively, by Martin (1915). jungii, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † juvenis, Cadulus Meyer, 1886: 66, pl. 3, fig. 4. Eocene, Jackson stage. Moody’s Branch Marl, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 638814 (designated by Palmer & Brann 1965: 362 as “holotype”). Cadulus (Gadila) juvenis Meyer, 1886 (fide Hodgkinson 1974: 16, 17). † kahirahense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1901 [“1900”]: 188, 189. Middle Eocene. Ouadi Abou Choucha, near Hélouan, Egypt. Junior synonym: Dentalium praecursor Mayer-Eymar, 1904 (fide Oppenheim 1906: 214, 215). † kahleri, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934: 44, 45, pl. 1, fig. 16. Triassic. N of Launsdorf, Austria. Remark: nomen nudum in Gugenberger 1933a: 102; 1933b: 184. kaiyomaruae, Polyschides Okutani, 1975: 77, 78, pl. 3, fig. 5. Recent. North Pacific: Kaiyo-Maru stn 57, 29°49’-28°48’N, 147°09’E, 6200 m. Holotype NSMT Mo.69591 (fide Anonymous 1996: 82, pl. 5, fig. 9). Polyschides kaiyomaruae Okutani, 1975. Known from the type locality only. kanakorum, Striodentalium Scarabino, 1995: 241, figs 48, 52c. Recent. New Caledonia, Coral Sea, RV Coriolis CHALCAL 2, stn DW74, 24°40’S, 168°38’E, 650 m. Holotype MNHN and paratypes (3; 1 each from DW72, DW73, and DW197). Striodentalium kanakorum Scarabino, 1995. IndoPacific, New Caledonia. 527-650 m. † kansasense, Dentalium (Paleodentalium) Gentile, 1974: 1213-1215, text-fig. 1a-1e. Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian, Missourian Series. 2.5 miles S of Stanley, Wyandotte Limestone, Johnson County, Kansas, USA. Holotype University of Missouri Kansas City MS 1; paratypes University of Missouri Kansas City MS 2, MS 3, MS 4. 606 † kapuaensis, Polyschides Maxwell, 1992: 188, pl. 9, figs e, f. Eocene. NZGS locality GS11200 Waihao River, near McCulloch’s Bridge, South Canterbury, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM7233; paratype NZGS (1). † karreri, Dentalium Hörnes, 1875: 365 [33], pl. 10, fig. 18. Miocene. Ottnang, northern Austria. Syntypes GBA 1875/01/0045 (2). Remark: Sacco (1897: 114) and Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 234) listed this name, without bibliographic reference, as a junior synonym of Entalina tetragona (Brocchi, 1814). katchekense, Dentalium Fischer-Piette & Nicklès, 1946: 70, 71, pl. 1, fig. 4, text-figs 23-25. Recent. Katchek, Îles Tristao, Guinea. Holotype and paratypes MNHN. Dentalium katchekense FischerPiette & Nicklès, 1946. Eastern Atlantic: western Africa. 16-150 m. kathwayae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 38, 39, figs 29D, 30D, 34. Recent. 26 km NE of North Reef, Queensland, Australia, 23°08.4’S, 152°12.3’E, 115 m. Holotype AMS C169943. Dentalium kathwayae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from the type locality only. katowense, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 56. Recent. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fms [15 m]. Holotype AMS C170758. Paradentalium katowense (Brazier, 1877) (fide Scarabino 1995: 222). Indo-Pacific: New Guinea, Australia. 0-100 m. kawamurai, Fissidentalium Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961: 106, pl. 47, fig. 14. As a nomen nudum in Habe (1953: 293). Recent. Ashizurimisaki, Kochi Pref., Shikoku, Japan, 100-200 m. Types in NSMT. Fissidentalium kawamurai Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961. Indo-Pacific: Japan. 100-400 m. † kentuckyensis, Rhytiodentalium Pojeta & Runnegar, 1979: 532-535, pl. 1, figs 11-17, pl. 2, figs 1-13. Upper Middle Ordovician, Shermanian, Lexington Limestone. USGS locality 4073-CO, along Shryock Ferry Road, 1.5 miles SW of Grier Creek Church near Milner, Woodford County, Kentucky, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 254392; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 254393 (22), 254394-254400 (various USGS localities near Lexington, Kentucky). Remark: Engeser & Riedel (1996: 123) and Yochelson & Holland (2004: 98) express doubts about the scaphopod nature of this fossil species. kermadecae, Chistikovia Scarabino, 1995: 327, 328, figs 128, 129d, e. Recent. New Zealand, Kermadec Trench, Galathea stn 664, 36°34’S, 178°57’W, 4510-4570 m. Holotype ZMUC; paratypes ZMUC (4), MNHN (1; Galathea stn 665). Chistikovia kermadecae Scarabino, 1995. New Zealand. 2470-4570 m. kessneri, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 31, figs 20D, 21D, 26. Recent. NE of Rat Island, Easter Group, Abrolhos, Western Australia; 28°42’S, 113°47.3’E, 201 m. Holotype WAM 112/93. Dentalium kessneri Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from the type locality only. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) kiaochowwanense, Dentalium (Episiphon) Tchang & Tsi, 1950: 6, 7, pl. 1, figs 1-6. Recent. Kiaochow Bay [Shantung, China], stn 358, 25 m. Holotype ASP (IOS?) 3542; paratypes ASP 3976 (3; stn 382, 16 m), ASP 3293 (6; stn 336, 10 m), ASP 2227 (1; stn 248, 5 m), ASP 3261 (3; stn 331, 10 m), ASP 4218 (stn 411, 18 m), ASP 2228 (9; stn 244, 5 m). Synonym: Episiphon kiaochowwanense var. rectum (Tchang & Tsi, 1950). Episiphon kiaochowwanense (Tchang & Tsi, 1950) (fide Steiner 1999: 153, 160, 161). Indo-Pacific: China. 5-25 m. † kickxii, Dentalium Nyst, 1843: 454. Tertiary (Oligocene). Belgium. Based on Dentalium acuticosta sensu Nyst 1835 non Deshayes, 1825. Antalis kickxii (Nyst, 1843) (fide Bonci et al. 2000: 207, pl. 1, fig. 2). Remarks: Janssen (1978a: 14, 15) originally considered Dentalium geminatum to be a senior synonym of Dentalium kickxi Nyst, 1843; but he considered Goldfuss’ name to be a “nomen oblitum”. Janssen (1978b: 138, 139) subsequently obtained the Goldfuss type material and concluded that it was a valid species and a senior synonym of D. kickxii. Most recently, Janssen (1987: 174-176) determined that Antalis geminatum was found in the Late Oligocene and A. kickxii was found in the Middle Oligocene; hence the two species are not synonyms. Dentalium kicksii sensu Tenison-Woods (1876) and sensu Etheridge (1878) are misidentifications of Dentalium mantelli Zittel, 1864 (fide Tate 1887: 191; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 208). kikuchii, Siphonodentalium Kuroda & Habe, 1952: 36. Recent. Toyama Bay, Honshu, Japan Sea. Types in NSMT. Compressidens kikuchii (Kuroda & Habe, 1952) (fide Habe 1964: 30). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 100-500 m. Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium (Compressidens) stearnsi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 by Kuroda & Kikuchi (1933: 9). † kittli, Dentalium Cossmann, 1900a: 143. Triassic, St Cassian Formation. Tirol, Austria/Italy. Replacement name for Dentalium undulatum var. elliptica Kittl, 1894 non Dentalium ellipticum J. Sowerby, 1814. † klipsteini, Dentalium Kittl, 1891: 172 [7], pl. 1, fig. 3. Triassic, St Cassian Formation. Tirol, Austria/Italy. Holotype NHM 1899/7/1. Prodentalium klipsteini (Kittl, 1891) (fide Stiller 2001: 630). Remark: introduced for Dentalium “quadrangulatum Klipstein” (a manuscript name). knudseni, Wemersoniella Scarabino, 1995: 326, 327, figs 127, 129b, c. Recent. Kermadec Trench, Galathea stn 664, 36°34’S, 178°57’E, 45104570 m. Holotype ZMUC; paratypes ZMUC (2; 1 each from stn 601 and stn 662), MNHN (1; stn 664), NMNZ M268545 (2; Tangaroa stn P934). Wemersoniella knudseni Scarabino, 1995. New Zealand. 4105-4630 m. koeningianum, Dentalium Risso, 1826a: 125. Fossil. Near Nice, France. Nomen nudum. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) † komiensis, Laevidentalium “?” Kulikov, 1967: 116, pl. 1, fig. 1. Permian. Vem River, Soviet Union [Komi Republic, Russia]. Holotype Geological Institute (St Petersbourg), 8758/3. komooksense, Dentalium Meek, 1876: 364, pl. 3, fig. 6. Cretaceous. Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 4270. An objective junior synonym of Dentalium nanaimoense Meek, 1858 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 225, “The description of both of these species is from the same specimen”). † korobkovi, Cadulus (Gadila) Merklin, 1961: 157, text-fig. 2. Middle Eocene. Northern Caucasus, Goryachiy Kluych, near Krasnodar, Russia. † korytnicense, Dentalium (Antalis) Baluk, 1972: 557559, pl. 2, figs 4-6, text-figs 6, 7. Miocene, Lower Tortonian (Badenian). Korytnica, 24 km SSW of Kielce, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Holotype and paratypes, Baluk collection. † kubraense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974b: 124. Cretaceous, Barremian. River Kubre, near Volga River, Russia. Replacement name for Dentalium barremicus Sasanova, 1958 non Dentalium barremicum Cossmann, 1916. kurogenge, Pulsellum Habe & Kosuge, 1964: 9. Recent. Off Choshi, Chiba Pref., Honshu, Japan, about 350 m. Holotype and paratype NSMT. Pulsellum kurogenge Habe & Kosuge, 1964. IndoPacific: Japan. 200-500 m. labeyriei, Cadulus Scarabino, 1995: 353, figs 158, 160j. Recent. Philippines, RV Jean Charcot, ESTASE 2 stn DW1, 14°05’N, 120°01’E, 2200 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (2 from DW1; 7 from CP2), USNM 890872 (1; CP 2). Cadulus labeyriei Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Philippines. 2050-2200 m. labiatum, Dentalium Turton, 1819: 38. Recent. Torbay [England]. Syntypes USNM 174971 (6). Junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 41). labiatum, Dentalium Brown, 1827: caption to pl. 1, fig. 4. Recent. Eastern Atlantic: Lough Strangford, Ireland. Junior homonym of Dentalium labiatum Turton, 1819. Remarks: it is not clear whether Brown referred to Turton’s species. Further research is required to support the suspected synonymy with Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778). lacteolum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Tate, 1899: 264. Eocene. Muddy Creek and Gelibrand River, Victoria, Australia. Holotype and 6 paratypes SAM T 253. Junior synonym of Dentalium (Laevidentalium) acriculum (Tate, 1887) (fide Ludbrook 1959: 144). Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium lacteum by Tate (1887: 193). lacteum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 362 [42 in reprint], pl. 16, fig. 27. Recent. Indian Ocean, India. Lectotype MNHN (designated by Scarabino 1995: 242); paralectotypes MNHN (1); MHNG 1155/35 (“Seychelles”; don. M. Desh.). Graptacme 607 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. lactea (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Scarabino 1995: 242). Indo-Pacific: Seychelles to New Caledonia and China. 32-42 m. Remark: the species from the Pliocene of Italy O. G. Costa (1851: 37, pl. 3, fig. 7) misidentified as Dentalium lacteum was later named Dentalium costae Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. † ladinum, Dentalium Dall, 1916: 522. Oligocene. USGS station 6774, at Rock Island, Suwanee River, near White Springs, Hamilton County, Florida, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 166746 (3). laeve, Dentalium Turton, 1819: 256. Recent. Torbay [England]. Syntypes USNM 174969 (6). Junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42). laeve, Dentalium Brazier, 1877. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. laeve, Dentalium (Antalis) “n. sp.?” Hilgard & Hopkins, 1878: 48, pl. 3, fig. 6. Quaternary. Lake Borgne, Louisiana, USA. Junior homonym of Dentalium laeve Turton, 1819; junior secondary homonym of Dentalium laeve (Schlotheim, 1820). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 207) stated that this species was described from “young shells and fragments, probably referable to D. filum Sowerby of the Recent and Pliocene faunas”. † laevigatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1830: 199. Pliocene. Zukowce, Volhynia, Ukraine. laevigatum, Dentalium Rayneval, Hecke & Ponzi, 1854: 19, 20. Pliocene. Monte Mario, Rome, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium laevigatum Eichwald, 1830. Junior synonym of Cadulus (Dischides) politus (S. Wood, 1842) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 144). Remark: this name was inadvertently reused for a new species by Ponzi (1876: 947, 956, pl. 3, figs 1a, 1b), even though Ponzi was the junior (third) author of the 1854 publication. laevigatum, Dentalium Ponzi, 1876: 947, 956, pl. 3, figs 1a, 1b. Pliocene. Monte Vaticano, Rome, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium laevigatum Eichwald, 1830. Tentative junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris vitrea (Gmelin, 1791) (fide Sacco 1897: 101; Pavia 1991: 122, 123, pl. 3, fig. 8). Remarks: although Ponzi was the junior (third) author of Dentalium laevigatum Rayneval, Hecke & Ponzi, 1854, he apparently overlooked that description when he reused this name for a distinct species from a nearby locality. Sacco (1897: 101) listed this as a potential junior synonym of Dentalium (Antale) vitreum Gmelin, 1791 now considered a subspecies of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fide Pavia 1991). CLEMAM lists it in synonymy with Dischides politus (S. Wood, 1842). † laevis, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 93, 94. Middle Triassic. Thangelstadt and Holzendorf (near Weimar), Germany; near Copenhagen, Denmark. Entalis laevis (Schlotheim, 1820) (fide Diener 1926: 230). laevis, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 2. Miocene, Pareora Formation. Kanieri; Chatham Islands; Motanau, 608 New Zealand. Lectotype NZGS TM4812 (fide Keyes 1972: 97). Junior homonym of Dentalites laevis Schlotheim 1820; replacement name: Dentalium pareorensis Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Antalis pareorensis (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) (fide Maxwell 1988: 76). Remark: Keyes did not indicate the source of this lectotype designation. † laguncula, Gadila Darragh, 1997: 94, 95, figs 8i, 8lp. Paleocene, Pebble Point Formation. Locality PL3001, Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia. Holotype NMV P301881; paratypes NMV P301882, P301883. † lamarcki, Dentalium Mayer, 1864: 357, 358, pl. 14, fig. 5. Miocene. Bordeaux and Dax, France. Junior homonym of Dentalium lamarckii Chenu, 1843. Replacement name: Dentalium (Entalis) exlamarcki Sacco, 1897. lamarckii, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 15; 1852: 5. Recent. “Les mers de la Chine” [China Sea?]. Possible syntype MHNG 1155/36 (labelled “Zanzibar”, fide Y. Finet in litt. 16.X.1996). Junior synonym of Antalis longitrorsum (Reeve, 1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 111). † lamberti, Dentalium Cossmann, 1897: 268, pl. 2, fig. 32. Cretaceous, Turonian. Gizaucourt, Marne; Novy-Chevrières, Ardennes; and Berzieux, Marne, France. † lanceolata, Theca Morris, 1845: 289, 290, pl. 18, fig. 8. Permian. Illawara, New South Wales, Australia. Remark: Waterhouse (1980: 199) suggested that this species “is possibly similar” to Plagioglypta. † landinense, Dentalium Vincent, 1876: 158, 159, pl. 9, figs 12a-12c. Lower Eocene. Gelinden and Maret, Belgium. † laneensis, Dentalium (“?” Fissidentalium) Hickman, 1969: 74, pl. 9, figs 1-6. Oligocene, Eugene Formation. Near Eugene, Oregon, USA (numerous localities). Holotype UO 27332; paratypes UO 27333-UO 27339. langfordi, Laevidentalium Habe, 1963: 268, pl. 38, fig. 22. Recent. Itoman, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, 30-50 fms [55-91 m]. Holotype and paratype in NSMT. Fustiaria langfordi (Habe, 1963) (fide Scarabino 1995: 280). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to New Caledonia. 50-380 m. laqueatum, Dentalium Verrill, 1885a: 431, 432, pl. 44, fig. 18. Recent. Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, Albatross stn 2268, 35°10’40”N, 75°06’10”W, 68 fms [124 m]. Holotype USNM 44671. Dentalium laqueatum Verrill, 1885. Western Atlantic, Caribbean: from Cape Hatteras (USA) to Guyana. 18-900 m. lardum, Dentalium Barnard, 1963a: 445. Recent. South Africa, 33°44’S, 16°30’E, 1500 fms [2738 m]. Syntypes SAFM A9768 (3; fide Giles & Gosliner 1983: 40), BMNH 1964242. Compressidentalium lardum (Barnard, 1963) (fide Scarabino 1995: 264). Indian Ocean: South Africa. 2519-3212 m. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) largicrescens, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Tate, 1899: 264, pl. 8, figs 10-10a. Cheltenhamian (Upper Miocene [or Early Pliocene]). Beaumaris, Victoria, Australia, Sandringham Sands, Black Rock Member. Lectotype SAM D 18934 (ex Tate Coll. T1611) (designated by Ludbrook 1959: 145); paralectotypes SAM D 18935 (5), SAM D 18936 (1; Pliocene, Muddy Creek). Laevidentalium largicrescens (Tate, 1899) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 115). Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia. 284-3058 m. laseroni, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Colman, 1958: 143, fig. 7. Recent. Broken Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype AMS C62221; paratypes AMS C62220 (4). Junior synonym of Laevidentalium lubricatum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 118). laterischismum, Fissidentalium Shikama & Habe, 1963: 249, text-figs 1, 2. Recent. Off Monbetsu, Hokkaido, Ochotsk Sea. Holotype in GIY. Fissidentalium laterischismum Shikama & Habe, 1963. Ochotsk Sea, Japan. 100-200 m. latesuclatum, see latesulcatum. † latesulcatum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Tate, 1899: 262, pl. 8, fig. 9. “Miocene” (Pliocene). Grange Burn, near Hamilton, Victoria, Australia. Holotype and 6 paratypes SAM T 1610A. Junior synonym: Dentalium (Paradentalium) howchini Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 142). Dentalium (Dentalium) latesulcatum Tate, 1899 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 142, pl. 1, fig. 1). Remarks: the header to the species description is erroneously spelled as “latesuclatum” but the name is correctly spelled as latesulcatum in the Index and plate caption. Dentalium (Fissidentalium) latesuclatum [Tate, 1899: 262] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † laticornuata, Compressidens Darragh, 1997: 94, fig. 8a-c, f. Paleocene, Pebble Point Formation. Locality PL3003, Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia. Holotype NMV P301880; paratypes NMV P301878, P303879, WAM 94.403a. † laticostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco, 1897: 108, pl. 9, fig. 22 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Turin Hills, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium laticostatum Reuss, 1844. Type material not mentioned by Ferrero Mortara et al. (1984: 307). † laticostatum, Dentalium Reuss, 1844: 201. Cretaceous. Luschitz, Bohemia, Czech Republic. laubieri, Siphonodentalium Bouchet & Warén, 1979: 219, 220, figs 8, 35, 36. Recent. Norwegian Sea, NORBI stn CP17, 73°30.7’N, 13°39.6’W, 2502 m. Holotype and paratypes MNHN. Siphonodentalium laubieri Bouchet & Warén, 1979. Eastern Atlantic: Norway. 2212-2502 m. laugieri, Dentalium Jousseaume, 1894: 103. Recent. Aden, Suez. Syntypes (10) MNHN. Junior synonym of Dentalium reevei Fischer, 1871 (fide Scarabino 1995: 204). Remark: Ludbrook (1954: 98) argued against the synonymy. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) leai, Dentalium Meyer, 1885: 462; 1886: pl. 1, figs 2, 2a. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 638702 (designated by Palmer & Brann 1965: 366 as “holotype”). Junior synonym of Dentalium arciformis Conrad, 1846 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 199). lebruni, Dentalium Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 99. Recent. Santa Cruz [Argentinia]. Type material not located. Laevidentalium(?) lebruni (Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 102). Western Atlantic: Argentina; Eastern Pacific: Chile, Magellan Region. Remarks: due to its inadequate description and that the type material could not be found, the generic assignment of this species remains uncertain, as is the tentative synonymy by Dell (1964: 124) with Dentalium majorinum or Rhabdus perceptus. † lebuense, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 106, 107, pl. 12, fig. 18; 1887b: 101, pl. 12, fig. 18. Tertiary. Lebu and Llancahue, Chile. leloeuffi, Cadulus (Dischides) Nicklès, 1979: 71, 72, fig. 26. Recent. W of Grand Bassam, Ivory Coast, ORSTOM 1966-1967, 19-20 m. Holotype and paratypes MNHN. Dischides leloeuffi (Nicklès, 1979). Eastern Atlantic: Africa, Ivory Coast. 1920 m. † lentum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1923: 54, 55, pl. 6, figs 18-20. Tertiary. Takinai, near Tanabe Bay, Kii, Japan. † leonense, Dentalium (Dentalium “?”) disparile subsp. Mansfield, 1930: 139, pl. 21, fig. 8. Miocene. USGS station 3422, Jackson Bluff, Ocklocknee River, Leon County, Florida, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 370542. † leoniae, Dentalium Meunier, 1878: 122. Eocene. Jaignes, Seine-et-Marne, France. Dentalium leoninae [Simroth, 1894: 375] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. leoninae, see leoniae. leploskeles, see leptosceles. † leptoceras, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1862: vol. 3, pl. 35, fig. 20 (name and figure only). leptoconcha, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1319, 1320, pl. 1, figs 15, 16, pl. 5, figs 1-9. Recent. Eastern Pacific, Akademik Kurtschatow stn 271 T, 17°42’S, 78°59.2’W, 3080-2710 m. Holotype IOM; paratypes (2 from Akademik Kurtschatow stn 271; 1 from Dimitry Mendeleev stn 525-3, 5°13.6’N, 107°31.7’W, 3830 m; 1 from Dimitry Mendeleev stn 522-2, 5°10.3’N, 121°29.5’W, 4426 m). Costentalina leptoconcha Chistikov, 1982. Eastern Pacific: Peru. 2710-4426 m. † leptodoma, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 49, pl. 10, fig. 11. Pliocene, Canoa Formation. Punta Blanca, western Ecuador. Holotype ANSP 13720. leptosceles, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 513 [Watson 1886: 7, pl. 1, fig. 6 as leptoskeles]. Recent. South of 609 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Australia, Challenger stn 160, 42°42’S, 134°10’E, 2600 fms [4758 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.21 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 104); paralectotypes BMNH 1887.2.9.22 (1), BMNH 1889.11.11.162 (1). Junior synonym: Dentalium banale Boissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 292). Laevidentalium leptosceles (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 110). Indo-Pacific: Africa to Australia and New Caledonia. 918-5300 m. Remarks: Lamprell & Healy (1998: 112, 114, 115) treated Laevidentalium banale as a separate species. Dentalium leploskeles [Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 110] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. leptum, Dentalium Bush in Verrill, 1885b: 586, 587 [also in Bush 1885: 470, 471, pl. 45, figs 18, 18a]. Recent. Off Cape Hatteras, USBF, stn 2112, 1415 fms [26-27 m]. Holotype USNM 41562. Junior synonym of Graptacme eborea (Conrad, 1846) (fide Henderson 1920: 66). † leroyi, Fustiaria (Fustiaria) Hodgkinson, 1974: 23, 24, text-fig. 8l, m; pl. 3, fig. 12, pl. 8, figs 1, 2. Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation, Wheelock Member. Little Brazos Bluff, Brazos River Valley, Brazos County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180460; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 180478, PRI 29229, ANSP 31507 (all from Scott’s locality MS-2-N, Little Brazos River). lessoni, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 357 [37 in reprint], pl. 2, fig. 13. Recent. New Guinea. Lectotype MNHN (designated by Scarabino 1995: 215); paralectotypes MNHN (87). Dentalium lessoni Deshayes, 1825. Indo-Pacific: New Guinea. 9041141 m. Remark: it remains to be determined how this deep-water species could have reached Deshayes before 1825. letsonae, Dentalium (Dentalium) Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 4, 5, pl. 1, fig. 13, pl. 5, figs 66-68. Recent. Island of Bohol, Philippines. Holotype ANSP 35446. Dentalium letsonae Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897. Known from the type locality only. leucoryx, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 20, 21, pl. 6, fig. 23, text-fig. 15. Recent. Indonesia, Siboga stn 285, 08°39.1’S, 127°04.4’E, 34 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.016 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 206); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.017 (2). Junior synonym: Dentalium sinuosum Boissevain 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 206, by First Reviser action). Dentalium leucoryx Boissevain, 1906. Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Chinese Sea. 34-157 m. † leve, Dentalium Stephenson, 1923: 351, 352, pl. 88, figs 1-3. Upper Cretaceous. USGS Locality 6815, 0.5 miles W of Union Springs, Alabama, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 31837; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 31838 and 31993 (USGS Locality 5348, Snow Hill, Greene County, North Carolina). Junior synonym: Dentalium demersum Pilsbry, 1927 (fide Stephenson 1941: 253, 254) 610 (replacement name for Dentalium inornatum Wade, 1926). levii, Fissidentalium Scarabino, 1995: 252, 253, figs 60, 70c. Recent. New Caledonia, RV Vauban, MUSORSTOM 4, stn DW160, 18°42’S, 163°13’E, 668 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (2 from DW160; 1 from DW 341; 1 from DW358; 1 from DW33; 1 from DW21; 1 from DW55; 1 from Vauban 1976); AMS C201724 (1; DW39); NMNZ M268957 (1; DW396). Fissidentalium levii Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 200-1400 m. † liassicum, Dentalium Moore, 1866: 86, pl. 5, fig. 24. Jurassic, Middle Liassic. Camerton, England, United Kingdom. Holotype Bath Museum (England) (fide Richardson 1906: 581, 582, pl. 45, fig. 6). Prodentalium “?” liassicum (Moore, 1866) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 38). † ligeriense, Dentalium Peyrot, 1938: 8, 9, pl. 1, figs 46, 47. Miocene, Helvetian. Mirebeau (Moulin-Pochard), Ligerian Basin, Touraine, France. Type material stated to be in author’s collection. † lighti, Dentalium (Laevidentalium “?”) Vokes, 1939: 105, 106, pl. 16, fig. 26. Eocene, Arroyo Hondo Formation. UCMP locality 1817, N of Coalinga, Coalinga Quadrangle, California, USA. Holotype UCMP 15752. ligusticus, Siphonodentalium (Loxoporus) Razzore, 1896: 256, pl. 3, figs 3a, 3b. Pliocene. Liguria, Italy. Junior synonym of Gadila ventricosa (Bronn, 1828) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 240). lima, Fissidentalium Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1963: 260, pl. 37, fig. 15. As a nomen nudum in Habe (1953: 293). Recent. Okinoshima, Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan, 40 m. Types in NSMT. Junior synonym of Fissidentalium profundorum (E.A. Smith, 1894) (fide Habe 1964: 13). † limatuloides, Dentalium Kuhn, 1935: 126, 127, pl. 8, fig. 6a-c. Jurassic, Dogger. Forth, Bavaria, Germany. Baltodentalium limatuloides (Kuhn, 1935) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 50). † limatulum, Dentalium Tate, 1870a: 402, pl. 26, fig. 1. Jurassic, Lower Liassic. Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom. Holotype Geological Society of London 4441 (fide Richardson 1906: 582). Baltodentalium limatulum (Tate, 1870) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 38, 50). † limatum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Stanton, 1901: 28, 29, pl. 6, fig. 9. Cretaceous. 10 miles E of Lago Pueyrrydón, Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina. lineare, Dentalium Renier, 1804: xii. Nomen nudum. Remark: Renier’s publication was placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Works in Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1954, Opinion 316), so this name is not available. † lineatum, Dentalium Gueranger, 1853: 33. Cretaceous, Greensand stage. Le Mans, France. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) lineatum, Dentalium Moore, 1870: 256. Cretaceous. Wollumbilla, Queensland, Australia. Junior homonym of Dentalium lineatum Gueranger, 1853. Replacement names: Dentalium wollumbillaensis Etheridge in Jack & Etheridge, 1892, Dentalium moorei Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. lineolatum, Dentalium Cooke, 1885: 274. Recent. Gulf of Suez. Syntypes UMZC I.100,750 (7). Junior synonym of Dentalium reevei Fischer, 1871 (fide Scarabino 1995: 204). Remark: Boissevain (1904: 25) substituted Cook’s name with Dentalium macandrewi, which became a junior synonym of Dentalium clavus Cooke, 1885 by a lectotype designation by Scarabino (1995: 204); see Singer (2003) for details. linnaeanum, Dentalium Locard, 1887: 145. Junior synonym of Antalis dentalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Remark: this name was proposed in a footnote as a suggestion to avoid allegedly tautonymous nomenclature but is an invalid name (ICZN 1999: articles 18 and 23.3.7). † linnei, Dentalium Foresti, 1895: 246. Pliocene. Ponticello in val di Saveno, near Bologna, Italy. liodon, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 107, 108, pl. 21, figs 37-39. Recent. St Martin, West Indies. Holotype ANSP 35554. Fustiaria liodon (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) (fide Scarabino 1975: 185). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Florida to Brazil. 8-366 m. liratum, Dentalium Carpenter, 1857: 188. Recent. Mazatlan [Mexico]. Lectotype BMNH 1857.6.4. 879/1 (designated by Keen 1968: 402, text-fig. 23); paralectotypes BMNH 1857.6.4.879/2-3 (2). Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata (Turton, 1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 91). lirulatum, Dentalium Mörch, 1861: 177. Recent. Gulf of Nicoya, west coast of Costa Rica. Holotype ZMUC (fide Keen 1966: 18, fig. 20). Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata (Turton, 1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 91). lobatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 100, pl. 3, fig. 44. Recent. Type locality not designated. Syntypes BMNH 1951.2.14.4-5 (labelled “Spitzbergen”). Junior synonym of Dentalium vitreum M. Sars, 1851, which is a junior homonym of Dentalium vitreum Gmelin, 1791; validated as substitute name by Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 136, 137). Junior synonym: S. exvitreum Sacco, 1897 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 253). Siphonodentalium lobatum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide M. Sars 1859: 52; fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 136). Eastern Atlantic: British Islands to Spitzbergen. 38(?)-3100 m. † lobion, Cadulus (Polyschides) Gardner, 1947: 628, pl. 57, fig. 21. Oligocene. Alum Bluff Group, Chipola Formation. USGS locality 2213, 1 mile below Bailey’s Ferry, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 498411. lochi, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 37, figs 29B, 30B, 32. Recent. Arafura Sea, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Northern Territory, Australia, 9°17.5’S, 132°20’E, 168 m. Holotype AMS C174628; paratypes AMS C84257 (270), WAM 153/93 (2; 18°25’S, 118°22’E, 210 km N of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 201 m). Dentalium lochi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern and western Australia. 124-201 m. lofolense, see lofotense. lofotense, Siphonodentalium M. Sars, 1865a: 297-300, pl. 6, figs 29-33. Recent. Lofoten Islands, Nidaros [Trondheimfjord], Flekkefjord [Norway], 30120 fms [55-219 m]. Syntypes SMNH 4624 (Norway, Lofoten, 100 fms [183 m]). Pulsellum lofotense (M. Sars, 1865) (fide Fischer 1885: 894). Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Spain, Mediterranean. 26-3500 m. Pulsellum lofolense [Cossmann 1888: 11], Pulsellum lophotense [Coppi 1881: 86; Sacco 1896: 98; 1897: 114] and Pulsellum lophotensis are incorrect subsequent spellings. † lombardicum, Dentalium Kittl, 1899: 4, pl. 1, fig. 1. Triassic? Esino and Canova, on Monte Croce, Italy. Holotype NHM 1889/D/2608. Remarks: as “longobardicum” [sic] (Kittl, 1899: 191); as “esinense” [in error] (Kittl, 1899: 4). † longifissum, Dentalium Harmer, 1923: 823, pl. 63, figs 40, 41. Pliocene, Coralline Crag. Sutton, Gedgrave, England. longilobatus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Boissevain, 1906: 68, 69, pl. 6, figs 55, 56, text-fig. 34. Recent. Indonesia, Siboga stn 133, off Lirung, Salibabu Island, up to 36 m. Syntypes ZMA 3.06.094-095 (3). Siphonodentalium longilobatum (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 333). Known from the type locality only. longirostrum, see longitrorsum. † longistriatum, Fissidentalium “?” Yoo, 1988: 248, figs 141-143. Early Carboniferous, Late Tournaisian, Dangarfield Formation. Locality A-3, 2.6 km SW of Gundy, Upper Hunter, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype AMS F.61992; paratype AMS F.61993 (1). longitrorsum, Dentalium Reeve, 1843: pl. 130, fig. 6 [1843: 197]. Recent. Type locality not specified [Zanzibar, Africa, in 1843]. Holotype BMNH 1952.3.24.1. Junior synonym: Dentalium lamarckii Chenu, 1843 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 111). Antalis longitrorsa (Reeve, 1843) (fide Scarabino 1995: 227). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and eastern Africa to China and Australia. 46-155 m. Dentalium longirostrum [Paetel 1873: 78] is an incorrect subsequent spelling (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 111). longobardicum, see lombardicum. longum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 120, pl. 18, figs 1-3. Recent. Habitat unknown. Holotype ANSP 71080. Episiphon longum (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). Remark: possible junior synonym of Dentalium attenuatum Sowerby, 1860 non Say, 1824 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 120). 611 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. lophotense, see lofotense. lophotensis, see lofotense. lubricatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 97, pl. 225, fig. 56. Recent. Off Port Jackson Heads, New South Wales [Australia], 45 fms [82 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1957.10.10.2 (designated by Colman 1958: 143); paralectotypes BMNH 1957.10.10.3-4 (2). Junior synonym: Dentalium laseroni Colman, 1958 (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 118; who invalidly selected a specimen from the lot BMNH 1957.10.10.2-4 as the lectotype of lubricatum). Laevidentalium lubricatum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 110). Indo-Pacific: Australia. 82-1125 m. luchuanum, Dentalium Dall, 1926: 63. Recent. Nago, Okinawa, Japan, 15 fms [27 m]. Holotype USNM 333692. Junior synonym of Dentalium aciculum Gould, 1859 (fide Habe 1964: 24). † lucidum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 214, pl. 1, figs 18-20. Eocene. Paris Basin (Cuise-la-Motte, Aisy, Mercin, Laversine, Coeuvres, Cuisy-enAlmont, Laon, Héronval, Noailles and Abbecourt), France. Fustiaria lucida (Deshayes, 1861) (fide Newton & Harris 1894: 65). Remarks: a valid species of Pseudantalis (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). This species was misidentified as Dentalium incertum Deshayes, 1825 by d’Orbigny (1850). ludbrookae, Cadulus (Gadila) Cotton & Godfrey, 1940: 340, 341, fig. 363. Recent. Northwest of Cape Borda, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 62 fms [113 m]. Holotype SAM D 13760. Gadila ludbrookae (Cotton & Godfrey, 1940) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 154). South Australia. 80-155 m. ludbrooki, Dentalium (Gadilina) Caprotti, 1962. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. ludbrooki, Striocadulus Scarabino, 1995: 336, 337, figs 138, 139c. Recent. Aden, John Murray Exp. stn 176, 12°05’N, 50°38’E, 655-732 m. Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.342; paratypes BMNH 1952.3.25.343, BMNH 1952.3.25.138, 139 (2; stn 188, 13°46’N, 47°50’E, 528 m). Striocadulus ludbrookae Scarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean, Red Sea. 528-732 m. Remarks: this species was misidentified as Cadulus (Polyschides) hexaschistus Boissevain, 1906 by Ludbrook (1954: 118). As Nelly Hooper Ludbrook was a woman, the gender of the name is here emended to its female form. lunulus, Cadulus Dall, 1881: 35. Recent. Off Morro Light, Havana, Cuba, Blake stn 2, 23°14’N, 82°25’W, 805 fms [1469 m]. Holotype MCZ 7747. Cadulus lunulus Dall, 1881. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 128-1469 m. lupinum, Dentalium Röding, 1798: 69. [Citing Martini, 1769: pl. 1, fig. 5; Gmelin, 1791: Dentalium striatulum]. Junior objective synonym of Dentalium striatulum Gmelin, 1791, which is a junior subjective synonym (partim) of Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1758 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 3). 612 † lusanensis, Dentalium Makarenko, 1970: 112, text. fig. 12, pl. 22, figs 11-13. Paleocene. Luzanovka, northern Ukraine. Holotype Akademiia Nauka Ukraine (Kiev), No. 18/27. macandrewi, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 25-27, pl. 5, figs 25-34 (ex Cooke, 1885: 274). Recent. Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Lectotype (designated by Scarabino 1995: 204) not in ZMA (fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000) or in UMZC. Substitute name for Dentalium aratorum, Dentalium clavus, and Dentalium lineolatum, all Cooke, 1885 (fide Boissevain 1906: 25); junior synonym of Dentalium clavus Cooke, 1885 (fide Singer 2003: 11, 14). † macilentum, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911: 166, 167, figs 1-23. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica. Syntype ANSP 654. Remark: as a nomen nudum in Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 254). macleani, Cadulus (Platyschides) Emerson, 1978: 122, figs 1-3. Recent. Muertos Bay, Baja California, Mexico, LACM stn 66-22, 24°55’N, 109°46’W, 18-55 m. Holotype LACM 1886; paratypes LACM 1887 (2); AMNH 213440 (1). Cadulus macleani Emerson, 1978. Eastern Pacific: Mexico. 18-55 m. Remark: the subgenus Platyschides was put in synonymy with Gadila by Scarabino (1995: 196, 355). However, the maximum diameter of this species is located at the middle of the shell, which is typical for Cadulus. † maculatellata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco, 1897: 105, pl. 8, figs 79, 80 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Bussana, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.070, BS.106.02.071 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306). magellanicum, Dentalium (Dentalium) majorinum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 28, pl. 12, figs 95-97. Recent. USFC stn 2777 and 2780, Strait of Magellan, 77.5-369 fms [141-673 m]. Syntypes USNM 87651, USNM 601272. Synonym of Dentalium majorinum Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889. magnificum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1896: 371, 372. Recent. Tricomalee, Sri Lanka, 8°40’N, 81°27’E, 637-800 fms [1163-1460 m]. Syntypes ZSI M 299/1; BMNH 1895.12.13.1 (1), NMW (1). Possible junior synonym: Dentalium noetlingi Martin, 1915 (see Noetling 1901: 250; Martin 1915: 180). Fissidentalium magnificum (E. A. Smith, 1896) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 78). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Philippines and New Caledonia. 520-2600 m. “magnistriatum”, Dentalium “Desh.” – Anton 1838: 25. Apparently an incorrect subsequent spelling for Dentalium multistriatum Deshayes, 1825 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 208). † magnocostata, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897: 94, pl. 7, fig. 62 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Astigiana, Italy. Type material not listed by Ferrero Mortara, et al. (1984: 301). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) † magnum, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889: 81, 82, pl. 24, fig. 6. Upper Eocene. Mons, Belgium. † magnumcostatum, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 50, 52, pl. 5, fig. 5. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-078. magnus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Boissevain, 1906: 68, pl. 6, fig. 54, text-fig. 33. Recent. Celebes Sea, Siboga stn 88, 00°34.6’S, 119°08.5’E, 1301 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.092 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 330); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.091 (1), ZMA 3.06.093 (1; Flores Sea, Siboga stn 45, 07°24’S, 118°15.2’E, 794 m), ZMA 3.06.107 (1; Timor Sea, Siboga stn 300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m). Siphonodentalium magnum (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 330). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan and New Caledonia. 300-2350 m. Remarks: Siphonodentalium summa (Okutani, 1964) is a possible junior synonym of this species (Habe 1964: 51, 52). Habe (1964: 51) referred to Siboga stn 45 (Flores Sea, 7°24’S, 118°15.2’E, 794 m) as the type locality, but did not designate a lectotype pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 74a. † magnus, Gadus Mayer-Eymar, 1887: 53, pl. 4, fig. 8. Eocene, Bartonian, Auversian. Schimberg, near Thun, Switzerland. majestica, Entalina Kira, 1959: 105, pl. 40, fig. 3. Recent. Tosa Bay, Japan, 30-50 fms [55-91 m]. Type material not located. Nomen nudum in Habe (1953: 299) and in Kira (1954: 80) (fide Bieler & Petit 1990: 141). Junior synonym of Entalina mirifica (E. A. Smith, 1895) (fide Scarabino 1995: 300). major, Cadulus (Gadila) panamensis var. Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 192, pl. 36, figs 28-30. Recent. Lower California, Albatross stn 2830, 66 fms [120 m]. Lectotype USNM 96570 (designated by Emerson 1971: 79); paralectotype USNM 602249. Synonym of Gadila perpusilla (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fide Emerson 1971: 78). major, Dentalium ergasticum var. Locard, 1896: 170, pl. 6, fig. 1. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Dentalium ergasticum, a junior synonym of Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877). † major, Dentalium Gardner, 1877: 556, pl. 16, fig. 2. Cretaceous. Grey Chalk, Folkestone, Dover, England. Dentalium majus [Gardner 1878] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. major, Dentalium striolatum var. Locard, 1898: 120. Recent. “Talisman, between 2400 and 2638 m”. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 43). major, Pseudantalis rubescens var. Monterosato, 1884: 33. Nomen nudum without type locality or description. major, Siphodentalium [sic] lofotense var. Monterosato, 1875: 20. Recent. Palermo, 210 m. Nomen nudum. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) majorinum, Dentalium Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 100, pl. 4, fig. 10. Recent. Baie Orange [Chile]. Syntypes MNHN (2). Dentalium majorinum Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889. Antarctica: Ross Sea; Western Atlantic: Magellanic Region. 133-1097 m. majus, see major Gardner, 1877. majus, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby, 1846: 263, pl. 2, fig. 3. Tertiary. Hufo Island, Chile. Dentalium sulcosum J. de C. Sowerby, 1846 (fide Ortmann 1902: 157, by First Reviser action, according to ICZN 1999: article 24). makiyamai, Dentalium (Episiphon) (subrectum var.?) Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933: 11, 12, pl. 1, fig. 8. Recent. Toyama Bay, Japan, 60-200 m. Types in FGK. Replacement name for Dentalium (E.) filum Makiyama, 1929 non Sowerby, 1860, which is an inappropriate use of Episiphon virgula (Hedley, 1903) (fide Scarabino 1995: 287). malayanum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 32, 33, text-fig. 19, pl. 5, figs 4, 5. Recent. Timor Sea, Siboga stn 300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.033 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 251); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.030 (2; anchorage off Lirung, Salibabu Island up to 36 m, Siboga stn 133), ZMA 3.06.031 (1; north of Kofian Island, Siboga stn 159, 0°59.1’S, 129°48.8’E, 411 m), ZMA 3.06.032 (1). Fissidentalium malayanum (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe & Kosuge 1964: 3). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Indonesia and New Caledonia. 36-2760 m. maltzani, Dentalium Clessin, 1896: 41, 42, pl. 11, fig. 5 [Dunker in Paetel 1888: 593, as nomen nudum]. Recent. Gorée, Senegal, West Africa. Types in SMF. Junior synonym of Fustiaria rubescens (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 107). Dentalium malzani [Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 107] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. malzani, see maltzani. † mancorens, Dentalium Olsson, 1930: 71, 72, pl. 12, figs 12, 13. Eocene, Talara Formation. Quebrada Barranca, near Catalinas, Peru. Holotype PRI 24296; paratype PRI 24925 (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 318-319). mannarense, Dentalium Winckworth, 1927: 167, 168, text-fig. and pl. 14, figs 1, 2. Recent. Mannar Island, Sri Lanka, 3 fms [5 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1952.3.21.6-12, NMW. Dentalium mannarense Winckworth, 1927. Indian Ocean: Sri Lanka, India. 5-6 m. † mantelli, Dentalium Zittel, 1864: 45, pl. 13, fig. 7. Eocene. The Cliffs, near Nelson, New Zealand. Dentalium mantelli Zittel, 1864 (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424). Remarks: Maxwell (1992: 186) noted that this species was described from two localities, and selected the specimen figured by Mantell, from “The Cliffs, Nelson” as the lectotype (the other syntype was from Awatere Valley, Onekakara, New Zealand, and is a paralectotype 613 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. of Dentalium centenniale Marwick, 1942). Flügel (1959: 839) noted that the type material of this species could not be found. † maoria, Fustiaria Maxwell, 1992: 186, pl. 30, figs k-m. Eocene. NZGS locality GS9508, Waihao River, near McCulloch’s Bridge, South Canterbury, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM7228, paratypes NZGS (2). marchadi, Cadulus (Gadila) Nicklès, 1979: 64, fig. 22. Recent. Senegal. Holotype MNHN. Gadila marchadi (Nicklès, 1979). Eastern Atlantic: West Africa. No bathymetric information available. marchadi, Dentalium (Graptacme) Nicklès, 1979: 55, text-fig. 10, pl. 1, fig. II. Recent. Dakar, Senegal. Holotype MNHN. Graptacme marchadi (Nicklès, 1979). Eastern Atlantic: West Africa. † margarita, Cadulus (Polyschides) Palmer, 1947: 217, 218, pl. 26, figs 8-11. Eocene, Jackson Formation. Moodys Branch marl, Mississippi, USA. Holotype PRI 4483; paratype PRI 4484. marshae, Laevidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 122, 123, figs 121F, 125F, 128. Recent. 78 miles NNE of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 19°04.1’-04.7’S, 118°47.8’-47.2’E, 82 m. Holotype AMS C174622; paratypes AMS C174546 (3), AMS C174542 (4; N of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 19°03.4-6’S, 119°03.3-6’E, 81 m), AMS C308353 (1; 18°03’S, 122°17’E), AMS C173298 (1; 94 miles NNE of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 18°48’S, 119°00.8’E, 92-94 m). Laevidentalium marshae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. IndoPacific: western Australia. 81-94 m. martensi, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906 [December]: 34, text-fig. 20, pl. 4, fig. 19, pl. 5, figs 1-3. Recent. Macassar Strait, Siboga stn 88, 00°34.6’N, 119°08.5’E, 1301 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.045 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 101; and independently by Scarabino 1995: 261); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.046 (4 + fragments), ZMA 3.06.047 (1; stn 223, 5°44.7’S, 126°27.3’E, 4391 m). Junior synonym of Compressidentalium subcurvatum (E. A. Smith, 1906) [October] (fide Scarabino 1995: 261). † marthae, Dentalium Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902: 179, pl. 31, fig. 45. Eocene. Hauteville, Cotentin, France. martini, Cadulus Finlay, 1927: 521. Tertiary. Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Replacement name for Dentalium compressum Martin, 1885 non d’Orbigny, 1850 (Polychaeta) nec Watson, 1879 nec Meyer, 1883 nec Sowerby, 1889. Remarks: Palmer (1974b: 124) claimed that Finlay’s species was actually referable to Dentalium, so it was a junior secondary homonym of Dentalium martini Whitfield, 1882; replacement name: Dentalium javense Palmer, 1974. martini, Cadulus Scarabino, 1995: 349, 350, figs 154, 160f. Recent. New Caledonia, Bassin des Loyauté, RV Coriolis BIOGEOCAL, stn CP232, 21°34’S, 614 166°27’E, 760-790 m. Holotype MNHN and paratypes (3 from CP232; 1 from CP75; 2 from DW106). Junior homonym of Cadulus martini Finlay, 1927. Replacement name Cadulus scarabinoi n. nom. martini, Dentalium Whitfield, 1882. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. martini, Dentalium Boussac, 1911b: 256, pl. 16, figs 4, 5, 49-51, 53, 54. Oligocene, Priabonian. Faudon, Allons and Martinets, France. Junior homonym of Dentalium martini Whitfield, 1882. Replacement name: Dentalium boussaci Emerson, 1954. Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium striatum J. Sowerby, 1814 by Renevier (1890). martini, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Dollfus, 1915: 993, 994. Oligocene, Priabonian Formation. Locality 813, Saädang, Celebes, Indonesia. Junior homonym of Dentalium martini Whitfield, 1882. Replacement name: Dentalium insuranum Emerson, 1954. martyi, Laevidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 123125, figs 130A, 131C, D, 132, 134E, F. Recent. Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, Australia, 10°58.5’S, 140°21’E, 54 m. Holotype QM MO39004; paratypes QM MO39006 (1; Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, 13°1.5’S, 136°43’E, 22 m), QM MO39009 (1; Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, 11°4.1’S, 142°52.4E, 21 m), AMS C171342 (6; 98 km W of Cape Wessel, Arafura Sea, Northern Territory, 10°48.4’S, 135°52.0’E, 44 m). Laevidentalium martyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern Australia. 15-296 m. marukawai, Dentalium (Antalis) Otuka, 1933: 159, 160, fig. 1. Recent. Off Koshikijima on the west coast of Kyushu, Japan, Soyo-maru stn 425, 200 m. Type material not located. Antalis marukawai (Otuka, 1933) (fide Habe 1963: 264). Indo-Pacific, Japan. 100-400 m. Remark: the type material deposited in the “Earthquake Research Institute, Tokyo Imp. Univ.” is now presumed lost, since they were not listed by Ichikawa (1983: 463, 464). marwicki, Dentalium Mestayer, 1926: 583, pl. 101, figs 11, 12. Pliocene, Castlecliffian. New Zealand. Holotype NMNZ M1394. Junior synonym of Antalis nana (Hutton, 1873) (fide Dell 1957: 570). † masoni, Gadilina Maxwell, 1992: 187, pl. 30, figs g, h. Eocene. NZGS localities GS1986, GS11200, Waihao River, near McCulloch’s Bridge, South Canterbury, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM7229; numerous paratypes NZGS. † matanzasense, Dentalium Ihering, 1907: 224. Tertiary. Matanzas, Chile. Dentalium matanzasense Ihering, 1907 (fide Ihering 1914: 66). Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium sulcosum J. de C. Sowerby, 1846 by Philippi (1887). matara, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 420. Recent. Off Cape Lookout, USFC stn 2611, 34°15’N, 76°11.30’W, 31 fms [57 m]. Lectotype USNM 95363 (designat- ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) ed by Henderson 1920: 67); paralectotypes USNM 92823 (2; USFC stn 2608), USNM 94095 (1; USFC 2401), USNM 95364 (1; USFC stn 2409), USNM 95365 (7; Samana Bay, Dominican Republic). Junior synonym of Graptacme eborea (Conrad, 1846) (fide Scarabino 1974: 185). † mauryae, Dentalium Penna-Neme & da Costa Barros Muniz, 1976: 524, 525, fig. 2. Paleocene, Maria Farinha Formation. Pernambuco, Brazil. Holotype and paratypes, Departamento de Geologia, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil. † mawsoni, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Ludbrook, 1956: 2, 3, pl. 1, figs 5, 6. Miocene. River Murray Cliffs, South Australia. Holotype SAM F 15139; paratypes SAM (8), paratypes BMNH (3; Lower Beds, Muddy Creek, South Australia). † mayeri, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861: 745. Oligocene. Lohergraben, Bavaria, Germany. † mayor, Siphondentalium (Gadila) gadus var. Foresti, 1895: 258. Pliocene. Italy. mayori, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 133, 134, pl. 19, fig. 3. Recent. East of Tortugas, Eolis stn 33, 16 fms [29 m]. Holotype USNM 314783; paratypes USNM 314784 (64), USNM 157809 (32; USFC 2404), USNM 323953 (14; USFC 2404), USNM 314785 (46; Eolis stn 42), USNM 314786 (153; Eolis stn 43), USNM 314787 (1; Eolis stn 73), USNM 314788 (42; Eolis stn 48), USNM 314789 (1; Eolis stn 49), USNM 314790 (5; Eolis stn 68), USNM 314791 (6; Eolis stn 69), USNM 314792 (2; Eolis stn 87), USNM 314793 (1; Eolis stn 117), USNM 314794 (6; Eolis stn 140), USNM 314795 (1; Eolis stn 311), USNM 314796 (1; Eolis stn 128), USNM 314797 (2; Eolis stn 147), USNM 314798 (2; Eolis stn 152), USNM 314799 (2; Eolis stn 156), USNM 314800 (1; Eolis stn 167), USNM 314801 (1; Eolis stn 172), USNM 314802 (3; Eolis stn 179), USNM 314803 (2; Eolis stn 182), USNM 314804 (1; Eolis stn 186), USNM 314805 (1; Eolis stn 306), USNM 314806 (1; Eolis stn 354), USNM 314807 (3; Eolis stn 356), USNM 314808 (2; Eolis stn 360), USNM 314809 (3; Eolis stn 364), USNM 314810 (16; Eolis stn 368), USNM 314811 (13; Eolis stn 370), USNM 314812 (2; Eolis stn 196), USNM 314813 (39; Eolis stn 32), USNM 314814 (2; Eolis stn 100), USNM 314815 (2; Eolis stn 300), USNM 314816 (1; Eolis stn 350), MCZ 48411 (6; Eolis stn 43), ANSP 44914 (Eolis stn 43), AMNH 148339 (7). Gadila mayori (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 29-182 m. † mcfarlandae, Cadulus (Cadulus) Emerson, 1957: 986, 987, pl. 126, fig. 4. Eocene, Vacaville shale, Capay formation. UCMP loc. A-3365, Ualtis Creek SW of Dunns Peak, Vaca Valley, Solano County, California, USA. Holotype UCMP 37590; paratypes UCMP 37591-UCMP 37594. mechelinii, see michelinii. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) † mediaviense, Dentalium Harris, 1896: 187 [73], pl. 17 [7], figs 1, 1a. Eocene, Midway Stage. 0.5 miles N of Ripley, Mississippi; Black Bluff, Graveyard Hill, Dale’s Branch and Allenton, Alabama, USA. Syntypes PRI 82 [lost], PRI 2349 (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 319). mediocarinata, Entalina Boissevain, 1906: 63, textfig. 29, pl. 6, figs 70-72, 87, 88. Recent. Off Kai Islands [Indonesia], Siboga stn 256, 5°26.6’S, 132°32.5’E, 387 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.084 (designated by Habe: 1964: 42); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.085 (2; Bali Sea, Siboga stn 5, 07°46’S, 114°30.5’E, 330 m). Junior synonym: Megaentalina teramachii Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1963 (fide Habe 1964: 42). Megaentalina mediocarinata (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Kuroda & Habe in Habe 1963: 273 as Megaentalina teramachii). IndoPacific: eastern Africa to Japan. 200-1035 m. Remark: Scarabino (1995: 366) invalidly selected one of the specimens from Siboga stn 5 as the lectotype. mediopacificensis, Dentalium Rehder & Ladd, 1973: 48, 49, pl. 3, figs 1, 2. Recent. Agassiz Guyot, MidPacific Mountains, stn 4, 17°58.5’N, 178°14.2’E, 865-884 fms [1579-1613 m]. Holotype USNM 703273; paratype USNM 703274 (1). Dentalium mediopacificensis Rehder & Ladd, 1973. Known from the type locality only. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that this species is referable to Compressidentalium. † medium, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 181, pl. 79, fig. 5. Cretaceous. Blackdown, England, United Kingdom. Remark: Geinitz (1850: 74, pl. 18, figs 25, 26) erroneously used this name for the later described Dentalium geinitzianum Ryckholt, 1851 . † medius, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 237 [ex Deshayes MS]. Tertiary. Naples, Italy. Based on Dentalium coarctatum sensu O. G. Costa 1851 non Lamarck 1818. † meekianum, Dentalium Geinitz, 1866: 13, pl. 1, fig. 20. Carboniferous. Locality 60, Nebraska City, Missouri River, Nebraska, USA. Plagioglypta meekiana (Geinitz, 1866) (fide Yancey 1978: 310). † meganosensis, Cadulus Palmer, 1923: 303, pl. 54, fig. 5. Middle Eocene. UCMP Locality 3573, near Vacaville, California, USA. Holotype UCMP 30601. megathyris, Dentalium Dall, 1890: 293, pl. 9, fig. 1. Recent. Localities of syntypes: USNM 87558 (Off Chiloe Island [Chile], Albatross stn 2789, 42°35’S, 75°28’W, 1342 fms [2449 m]), USNM 95851, 594262, ANSP 72361, and SBMNH 35017 (near Galapagos Islands, USFC stn 2807, 0°24’S, 89°06’W, 812 fms [1480 m]), USNM 110665 (off southwest Chili [Chile], Albatross stn 2788, 45°35’S, 75°55’W, 1050 fms [1916 m]), LACM 1816 (1485 m, Islas Galápagos). Fissidentalium megathyris (Dall, 1890) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 67). Eastern Pacific: California to Chile, Galapagos. 615 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. 1480-4300 m. Remark: Scarabino (1995: 250) considered megathyris a junior synonym of Fissidentalium ceras Watson, 1879. This proposed synonymy requires a comparative study of all taxa included in this species group. † menthifonta, Fustiaria (Episiphon) Dockery in MacNeil & Dockery, 1984: 248, pl. 71, figs 1-3. Lower Oligocene, Mint Spring Formation. Mississippi Geological Survey locality 90, Ichusa Creek, Smith County, Mississippi, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 376681. meridionale, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) candidum var. Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 73, pl. 15, figs 32-34. Recent. SE of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Albatross stn 2763, 24°17’S, 42°48.30’W, 671 fms [1225 m]. Holotype USNM 887471; paratypes USNM 87538, 87557. Synonym of Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) (fide Scarabino 1994: 307). metivieri, Fissidentalium Scarabino, 1995: 254, 255, figs 61, 62a, 70d, e. Recent. Madagascar, Mozambique Channel, 22°24’S, 43°03’E, 600 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (1 from stn 106; 1 from stn 65; 1 from stn 76; 1 from stn 84; 2 from stn 88; 1 from stn 91; 2 from stn 126; 1 from stn CH49), NM (1; stn 91), USNM 890876 (1; stn 104), BMNH 1994041 (2; stn CH102). Fissidentalium metivieri Scarabino, 1995. IndoPacific: Madagascar. 310-1020 m. † mexicanum, Dentalium Girty, 1909: 95, pl. 11, fig. 10. Carboniferous, San Andreas Formation. USGS localities 3738a (Caballos Mountain) and 3743 (Fra Cristobal), New Mexico, USA. Type material USNM Paleobiology 120807 (Caballos Mountain). mexicanum, Dentalium (Tesseracme) Perrilliat, 1975: 57, 58, pl. 10, figs 3-5. Middle Miocene. Head of stream in Arroyo Tomás Martínez, about 3 km NE of Santa Rosa, and approximately 28 km NW of Santa Lucrecia, by the railroad track, state of Veracruz, Mexico. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 350085; paratypes UNAM 2520. Junior homonym of Dentalium mexicanum Girty, 1909. Replacement name: Tesseracme perrilliatae n. nom. † meyeri, Entalis Gardner, 1878: 62, pl. 3, fig. 40. Cretaceous. Blackdown beds, England, United Kingdom. † meyeri, Siphonodentalium (Siphonodentalium) Cossmann, 1888: 12, 13, pl. 1, figs 4, 5. Eocene. Chaussy and Houdan, France. Cadulus meyeri (Cossmann, 1888) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 237). Remark: a valid species of Polyschides (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 86). miamiensis, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 129, 130, pl. 19, fig. 18. Recent. Off Fowey Light, Florida, Eolis stn 340, 209 fms [381 m]. Holotype USNM 314772; paratypes USNM 314772a (24), USNM 314769 (2; Eolis stn 303), USNM 314770 (1; Eolis stn 304), USNM 314771 (1; Eolis stn 306), USNM 314773 (16; Eolis stn 347), 616 USNM 314774 (15; Eolis stn 348), USNM 314775 (1; Eolis stn 371), USNM 314776 and USNM 108176a (2; Eolis stn 353), USNM 314777 (10; Eolis stn 377), USNM 314778 (6; Eolis stn 378), USNM 314779 (1; Eolis stn 379), USNM 314780 (3; Eolis stn 381), USNM 314781 (9), USNM 330522 (2; USBF stn 2644), MCZ 48413 (2; Eolis stn 348), AMNH 148351 (2), ANSP 44912 (Eolis stn 348). Polyschides miamiensis (Henderson, 1920) (fide Emerson in Turgeon 1988: 51). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 155-381 m. † michauxianum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 72, 73, pl. 2, figs 47, 48. Cretaceous, Turonian. Liège, Belgium. Remark: based on Dentalium ellipticum sensu Reuss 1845 non J. Sowerby, 1814. † michelinii, Dentalium Rouault, 1850: 473, pl. 15, figs 6a-6c. Eocene. Bos d’Arros, near Pau, France. Dentalium mechelinii [Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 208] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. michelottii, Dentalium Hörnes, 1856: 654, figs 84-86. Miocene. Baden, Vienna Basin, Austria. Lectotype NHM 1846.37.544 (designated by Pavia 1991: 111) + 11 paralectotypes. Tentative junior synonym: Dentalium dumasi Cossmann & Peyrot, 1938 (fide Pavia 1991: 111). Dentalium michelottii Hörnes, 1856. Indian Ocean (0°59’S, 129°48.8’E). 411 m. Remark: this Miocene species was reported from the Recent fauna of the Indian Ocean by Boissevain (1906: 16). micra, Entalinopsis Scarabino, 1995: 306, 307, figs 109, 111 c, d, 115c. Recent. South New Caledonia, RV Vauban stn 40, 22°30’S, 166°24’E, 250-350 m. Holotype and 6 paratypes MNHN. Entalinopsis micra Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 250-350 m. microceras, Siphonodentalium Meyer, 1883: 259 [ex Boettger MS]. Oligocene. Joachimsthal, Germany. Nomen nudum. † microreticulata, Antalis “?” Welle, 1997: 93, 94, pl. 13, figs 10, 11. Upper Oligocene. Grafenberger Sand. Schacht 8, Bergwerksgesellschaft Sophia Jacoba, near Erkelenz (N of Aachen), Germany. Holotype GPIM D.8-9-1.192 ; paratypes GPIM (6). † microstria, Dentalium Heilprin, 1881: 375, pl. 20, fig. 3 [original spelling micro-stria]. Eocene. Cave Branch and Wood’s Bluff, Clarke County, Alabama, USA. Holotype Geological Survey of Alabama, No. 20 (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 367). milneedwardsi, Dentalium Locard, 1897b: 10, 11 [Locard 1898: 113, pl. 6, figs 21-24]. Recent. Talisman stn 78, 23°55’N, 19°35’W, “Sur les côtes occidentales d’Afrique, au large du Soudan” [Morocco], 1435 m. Syntypes MNHN. Junior synonym of Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877) (n. syn. B. Métivier, in litt. 3.IV.2000). Described from the type locality only. † minimum, Dentalium Buckman in Murchison, 1845: 101 [ex Strickland MS]. Jurassic. Cheltenham, England, Great Britain. Neotype Museum of ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Practical Geology, London, No. 5799 (designated by Richardson 1906: 584) (now in BMNH?). This is also the holotype of Dentalium portlocki Tate, 1870. Junior objective synonym: Dentalium portlocki Tate, 1870. Laevidentalium minimum (Buckman in Murchison, 1845) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 38). minimum, Dentalium Etheridge & Bell in Bell, 1898: 156, 157. Pliocene. St Erth, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Dentalium minimum Buckman in Murchison, 1845. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 310) stated that: “The name is preoccupied; but as this is probably not a valid species, it need not be renamed”. minimum, Siphonodentalium Plate, 1908b: 4, 5, fig. 5. Recent. Antarctica, Gauss Winterstation, 66°02’S, 89°38’W, 3423 m. Lectotype ZMB 59728a (designated by Kilias 1995:175); paralectotype ZMB 59728b. Striopulsellum minimum (Plate, 1908) (fide Scarabino 1995: 323). Circumantarctic; IndoPacific: New Caledonia. 3423-6179 m. † minoensis, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Itoigawa, 1960: 274, pl. 3 figs 2, 3. Akeyo Miocene. Stn S111, Kujiri facies, near Mizunami, Honshu, Japan. Holotype ESN 20031; paratype ESN 20032. † minor, Cadulus gracilina var. Báldi, Horvath & Makk, 1974: 27. Oligocene, Kiscellian. Budafok, S of Budapest, Hungary. minor, Cadulus monterosatoi var. Locard, 1898: 142. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Cadulus monterosatoi Locard, 1897a. minor, Cadulus olivi var. Locard, 1898: 134, pl. 7, figs 10-12. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Polyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835). minor, Cadulus tumidosus var. Locard, 1898: 143 [nomen nudum in Jeffreys 1883: 665]. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Cadulus tumidosus Jeffreys, 1877. minor, Dentalium agile var. Locard, 1898: 117, 118. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars ex M. Sars, 1872). minor, Dentalium caudani var. Locard, 1898: 104. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Syntype MNHN. Synonym of Dentalium caudani, a junior synonym of Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877). minor, Dentalium ergasticum var. Locard, 1898: 106. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Dentalium ergasticum, a junior synonym of Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877). minor, Dentalium exuberans var. Locard, 1898: 112. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Dentalium exuberans, a junior synonym of Fissidentalium paucicostatum (Jeffreys, 1877). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) minor, Dentalium panomitanum var. Locard, 1898: 123. Recent. Type locality not specified. Type material not located. Synonym of Antalis panorma (Chenu, 1843). minor, Dentalium scamnatum var. Locard, 1898: 110. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Syntype MNHN. Synonym of Dentalium scamnatum, a junior synonym of Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877). minor, Dentalium semivestitum var. Locard, 1898: 108, pl. 6, figs 28, 29. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Fissidentalium semivestitum (Fischer in Locard, 1898). minor, Dentalium Stephenson, 1952: 143, pl. 34, figs 4, 5. Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian, Woodbine Formation. Tarrant County Locality 38, Lewisville member, near railroad, 0.9 mile W of Dallas County border, Tarrant County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 105610; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 105611-105612 (Tarrant County localities 41 and 46). Junior homonym of Dentalium caudani var. minor Locard, 1898 (and seven other minor varieties in the same Locard paper). Replacement name: Dentalium minorinum n. nom. minor, Pseudantalis rubescens var. Monterosato, 1884: 33. Nomen nudum without type locality. minor, Siphodentalium [sic] lofotense var. Monterosato, 1878: 76. Recent. Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas. Nomen nudum. † minorinum, Dentalium n. nom. Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian, Woodbine Formation. Tarrant County Locality 38, Lewisville member, near railroad, 0.9 mile W of Dallas County border, Tarrant County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 105610; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 105611-105612 (localities 41 and 46). Replacement name for Dentalium minor Stephenson, 1952 non Dentalium caudani var. minor Locard, 1898 (and seven other minor varieties in the same Locard paper). Dentalium minorinum Steiner & Kabat, 2004. minus, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 14, pl. 6, fig. 3, text-fig. 10. Recent. Java Sea, Siboga stn 319, 6°16.5’S, 114°37’E, 82 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.008 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 218); paralectotype ZMA 3.06.009 (1). Junior synonym of Paradentalium hexagonum (Gould, 1859) (fide Scarabino 1995: 218). minusculus, Cadulus Dall, 1889: 432. Recent. Off Cape Hatteras, USA, USBF stn 2595, 35°08’N, 75°05’30”W, 63 fms [115 m]. Lectotype USNM 93122 (designated by Henderson 1920: 134); paralectotype USNM 887459 (6). Cadulus minusculus Dall, 1889. Known from the type locality only. minutalis, Gadila Scarabino, 1995: 362, 363, figs 167, 169g. Recent. Réunion, MD32 stn DS151, 20°51’S, 56°03’E, 3300-3240 m. Holotype and 617 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. 8 paratypes MNHN. Gadila minutalis Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Réunion Island. 3240-3300 m. † minutiannulatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Hodgkinson, 1974: 20, 21, text-fig. 7f-i; pl. 4, figs 2-7, pl. 6, figs 1-3, pl. 7, fig. 2. Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation, Wheelock Member. Little Brazos River Valley, Brazos County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180467; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 180466, 180468-180471, 180474-180476, PRI 29228; ANSP 31506. minutissimum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Ludbrook, 1954: 108, fig. 11. Recent. Maldives Is., John Murray Exp. stn 147, 04°53’N, 72°54’E, 27 m. Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.123; paratypes BMNH 1952.3.25.113-122 (9). Antalis(?) minutissima (Ludbrook, 1954) (fide V. Scarabino, in litt. 20.II.2002, tentatively as Episiphon in Scarabino 1995: 289). Known from the type locality only. minutissimus, Cadulus (Gadila) Niino & Habe in Habe & Kosuge, 1964: 11. Nomen nudum. Recent. Off Puket [Thailand], 50-80 m. † minutistriatum, Dentalium Gabb, 1860: 386, pl. 67, fig. 46. Eocene, Cook Mountain Formation. Wheelock, Robertson County, Texas, USA. Holotype ANSP 13264 (“broken” fide Hodgkinson 1974: 22). Dentalium (Antalis) minutistriatum Gabb, 1860 (fide Hodgkinson 1974: 21, 22). minutu[m], Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758: 786 [citing Plancus 1739: t. 2., f. 2]; emended to minutum by Linnaeus (1767: 1264). Recent. Mediterranean. Syntype LS 615. Possible junior synonym: Gadila gadus (Montagu, 1803) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243, who listed Dentalium minutum under spurious Scaphopoda, “[...] is not identifiable, but Hanley surmises that it may be Cadulus gadus”). minutus, Cadulus H. Adams, 1872: 10, pl. 3, fig. 9. Recent. Red Sea. Syntypes BMNH 1872.4.9.6 (4), UMZC I.100,755. Dischides minutus (H. Adams, 1872) (fide Scarabino 1995: 340). Indian Ocean: Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Bathymetric range unknown; type specimens “probably washed ashore” (Scarabino 1995: 340). minutus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1813: 91. Cretaceous. Insel Moen, Denmark. Nomen nudum. † miocaenicum, Pulsellum Boettger, 1902: 182; 1907: 211. Miocene. Kostej and Lapugy, Banat, Romania. Lectotype SMF XIII.3a (designated by Zilch 1934: 279, pl. 22, fig. 27). Episiphon miocaenicum (Boettger, 1902) (fide Baluk 1972: 560, 561). † miocenicum, Dentalium Michelotti, 1847: 144, 145, pl. 16, fig. 12. Miocene. Tortona, Italy. Entalis miocaenica (Michelotti, 1847) (fide Cossmann & Peyrot 1917: 176-178); Dentalium (Entalis) miocenica Michelotti, 1847 (fide Sacco 1897: 108). miopseudodentalis, see miopseudoentalis. † miopseudoentalis, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897: 106, pl. 9, figs 7-11 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntypes 618 MIGT BS.106.03.003-BS.106.03.005. Entalis miopseudodentalis [Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. mirificum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1895: 9, pl. 2, fig. 1. Recent. Ceylon [Sri Lanka], off Trincomalee, Investigator stn 172, 200-350 fms [365-639 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1895.7.2.26 (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 137 as “holotype”. Their “paratype” could not be located.); paralectotype ZSI M194/1 (1). Junior synonyms: Entalina quadrangularis Boissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 300); E. majestica Kira, 1959 (fide Habe 1964: 39; Scarabino 1995: 147). Entalina mirifica (E. A. Smith, 1895) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 134). IndoPacific: from Africa to New Caledonia. 55-2050 m. Remarks: two of the four cited type specimens could not be located; Scarabino’s (1995: 300) record of four syntypes in the BMNH cannot be confirmed. † misatoensis, Dentalium Araki, 1958: 164, 165, pl. 18, figs 5a, 5b. Miocene. Kaisekizan Formation, near Funayama, Misato-mura, Age-gun, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Holotype Geol. Dept., Mie Univ. (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209). † mississippiensis, Dentalium Conrad, 1848a: 282; 1848b: 112, 113, pl. 11, fig. 1. “Eocene” [Oligocene]. Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA. Holotype and paratype ANSP 30659 (fide MacNeil & Dockery 1984: 245). Tentative senior synonym: Dentalium virginianum Chenu, 1843 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 209). Junior synonym: Dentalium densatum Conrad, 1865. Dentalium mississippiense Conrad, 1848 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 209). † missouriense, Dentalium Swallow, 1863: 99. Carboniferous. Archimedes Limestone, Chester, Illinois [USA] and St Mary’s, Missouri [USA]. modicellum, Dentalium Kurtz, 1860: 6. South Carolina. Nomen nudum. † molengraaffi, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1915: 179, pl. 7, figs 178, 179. Eocene. Kali Puru, Nanggulan, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7265 (1), RGM 7264 (2), RGM 7268 (3), RGM 7261 (1), RGM 7267 (3), RGM 7259 (3), RGM 7266 (1), RGM 7263 (1) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111, 112). monodonta, Gadila Scarabino, 1995: 363, figs 168, 169i. Recent. Mozambique Channel, West [of] Glorieuses Is., BENTHEDI stn DS10, 11°28.5’S, 47°17.7’E, 440 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (1 each from DS120 and DS122). Gadila monodonta Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to New Caledonia. 390-625 m. monolineata, Plagioglypta Branson, 1930: 58, 59, pl. 15, fig. 7. Late Pennsylvanian to early Triassic. Top Limestone, Phosphoria Formation, Wind River and Owl Creek Mountains, Wyoming, USA. Junior synonym of Prodentalium canna (White, 1874) (fide Yancey 1973: 1126; 1978: 308, 309). † montense, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889: 80, pl. 24, figs 12a, 12b. Upper Eocene. Mons, Belgium. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Tentative junior synonym: Fustiaria inversa (Cossmann, 1915) (n. syn.). Fustiaria montense (Briart & Cornet, 1889). Remark: Cossmann (1915: 6, 7) noted that the only difference between Dentalium (Fustiaria) inversum and Dentalium montense is the position of the apical slit. monterosatoi, Cadulus Locard, 1897a: 4. Recent. West of Cape Finistere [Cabo Finisterra], Spain, Travailleur 1881 dr. 1, 2018 m. Type material not located. Synonym: Cadulus monterosatoi var. ventricosa Locard, 1898. Cadulus monterosatoi Locard, 1897. Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Portugal. 896-3307 m. † monterosatoi, Dentalium rectum var. Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 214. Tertiary. Sicily, Italy. Replacement name for Dentalium philippi Monterosato, 1872 non Chenu, 1843. moorei, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 224. Cretaceous. Wollumbilla, Queensland, Australia. Replacement name for Dentalium lineatum Moore, 1870 non Gueranger, 1853. Objective junior synonym of Dentalium wollumbillaensis Etheridge in Jack & Etheridge, 1892. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898) inadvertently overlooked the earlier replacement name. † moreanum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1845: 454, pl. 38, fig. 10. Jurassic. Kaminka, Russia; VieilSaint-Rémy, Ardennes, France. Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium cylindricum J. Sowerby, 1814 by Fischer (1845). moreauanum, Dentalium Bronn, 1848: 415; 1849: 359. Unjustified emendation of Dentalium moreanum d’Orbigny, 1845. † morganianum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Wilckens, 1922: 24, 25, pl. 5, figs 8, 9. Cretaceous, Upper Senonian. NZGS Localities 5 and 13 (Amuri Bluff) and NZGS locality 589 (Selwyn Rapid beds, Selwyn River, Malvern Hills), New Zealand. mosae, Dentalium – Bronn 1837: 706, pl. 32, fig. 18, non Pyrgopolon mosae Montfort, 1808 (Polychaeta). Cretaceous. Petersberges near Maastricht (Netherlands); Ciply, near Mons (Belgium); Köpingemolla, Schoonen (Sweden?). Remark: Hisinger (1840: Supp., p. 8) suggested that Bronn’s specimens could be equivalent to Dentalium browni Hisinger, 1837 (Polychaeta); but Goldfuss (1841: 3, pl. 166, fig. 10) used mosae as a valid species of Dentalium. mosae, Pyrgopolon Montfort, 1808. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † moseleyensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974: 17, text-fig. 8g, h; pl. 1, figs 3, 4, pl. 2, fig. 3. Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation, Wheelock Member. Stone City Bluff, Brazos River Valley, Burleson County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180428; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 180427, 180444, PRI 29221, ANSP 31499. motidukii, Dentalium (Antalis) Otuka, 1935: 879, 880, pl. 54, fig. 89. Recent. Hiradoko, Japan. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Holotype GIY 2400. Junior synonym of Dentalium buccinulum Gould, 1859 (fide Habe 1964: 25). † mucronatus, Cadulus Tate, 1887: 193, 194, pl. 20, fig. 10. Lower Miocene. Muddy Creek, Victoria, Australia. Holotype and 14 paratypes SAM T 229A. Cadulus (Gadila) mucronatus Tate, 1887 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 147, pl. 1, fig. 8). † muellerianum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 224. Cretaceous. Königsthore, Germany. Replacement name for Dentalium alternans Müller, 1849 non Chenu, 1843. muensteri, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 224. Jurassic. Derneberg, near Hannover, Germany. Replacement name for Dentalium cinctum “Goldfuss, 1844” [sic!, should be 1841] non de Koninck, 1843. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 224) erroneously dated this name to 1844, and therefore concluded that it was a junior homonym of Dentalium cinctum de Koninck, 1843. Thus, Pilsbry & Sharp proposed Dentalium muensteri as a replacement name for what is, in fact, the senior homonym. † multannulatum, Dentalium Aldrich, 1895: 55 [3], pl. 2 [1], fig. 3. Eocene. Gregg’s Landing, Alabama, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 638920 (designated by Palmer & Brann 1965: 369 as “holotype”). † multicanaliculatum, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861: 572. Cretaceous. Siegsdorf, Bavaria, Germany. † multiclathratum, Dentalium Martelli, 1905: 351, pl. 11, fig. 39. Triassic, Ladinian. Wengen, Montenegro. † multicostatum, Dentalium Favre, 1869: 101, pl. 12, fig. 8. Cretaceous. Nagorzany, Lviv [Lemberg], Ukraine. Holotype NHM 1862/0005/0130. Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium decussatum Sowerby, 1814 by Alth (1850). multicostata, Dentalium arctoides var. Gugenberger, 1934: 43, pl. 1, fig. 15 [nomen nudum in Gugenberger 1933a: 102; 1933b: 184]. Triassic. N of Launsdorf, Austria. Junior homonym of Dentalium multicostatum Favre, 1869; replacement name: Prodentalium angelae Engeser & Riedel, 1992. multistriatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 358, pl. 18, fig. 11. Recent. “[presumably from India]” [label of type lot: Île de France = Mauritius]. Lectotype MNHN (designated by Scarabino 1995: 201); paralectotypes MNHN (13). Junior synonym of Dentalium variabile Deshayes, 1825 (fide Scarabino 1995: 200, by First Reviser action, according to ICZN 1999: article 24). † multistrictum, Laevidentalium Finlay & Marwick, 1937: 93, pl. 13, fig. 3. Paleocene. Wangaloa, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM4811; paratypes NZGS (2) (fide Keyes 1972: 96). Antalis multistricta (Finlay & Marwick, 1937) (fide Maxwell 1988: 76). † mutabile, Dentalium Hörnes, 1856: 654, pl. 50, fig. 32 [ex Doderlein MS]. Miocene, Badenian. 619 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Steinabrunn, Wiener Becken, Austria. Lectotype NMW 1855.XLV.271 (selected by Pavia 1991: 124); paralectotypes NMW 1855.XLV.271a-d (4). Fissidentalium mutabile (Hörnes, 1856) (fide Pavia 1991: 124-126). nagoense, Dentalium Dall, 1927: 1. Recent. Nago, Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, 15 fms [27 m]. Holotype USNM 333718. Junior synonym of Fustiaria nipponica (Yokoyama, 1922) (fide Habe 1963: 266). † nanaimoensis, Dentalium Meek, 1858: 44, 45. Cretaceous. Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 4270. Junior synonym: Dentalium komooksense Meek, 1876 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 225). Dentalium nanaimoense Meek, 1858 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 225). † nanggulanense, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1915: 179, 180, pl. 7, figs 180-182. Eocene. Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7250 (17), RGM 7245 (3), RGM 7247 (2), RGM 7248 (5), RGM 47182 (5), RGM 7246 (2), RGM 7251 (1), RGM 7249 (4) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium junghuhni by Boettger (1882). nanum, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 73, pl. 8, fig. 78. Castlecliffian, Pliocene. New Zealand. Lectotype NZGS TM.4807 (designated by Keyes 1972: 96). Junior synonyms: Dentalium huttoni Kirk, 1880; Dentalium marwicki Mestayer, 1926 (fide Dell 1957: 570). Antalis nana (Hutton, 1873) (fide Dell 1957: 570). New Zealand; Antarctica. 30-320 m. nanus, Cadulus (Gadila) iota Clench & Aguayo, 1939: 197. Recent. Gibara, Oriente Province, Cuba, 40 fms [73 m]. Holotype MCZ 89222; 1 paratype Museo Poey, Habana (Havana), Cuba. Synonym of Gadila iota Henderson, 1920. natalense, Dentalium Barnard, 1963b: 350, fig. 30e. Recent. South Africa, off Cape Natal, Durban, 85 fms [153 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1964257 (6), SAFM A9364 (49) (fide Giles & Gosliner 1983: 41). Paradentalium natalense (Barnard, 1963) (fide Scarabino 1995: 219). Indian Ocean: South Africa to Madagascar. 50-670 m. † navarroi, Dentalium Stephenson, 1941: 253, pl. 46, figs 16, 17. Cretaceous, Navarro Group, Kemp Clay. USGS locality 762, Nacatoch sand near Chatfield, Navarro County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 76767, paratypes USNM Paleobiology 76768 (1); 76769 (1). † navicanum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: pl. 10, fig. 2; 1854: 198. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. † navidadense, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 210. Tertiary. Navidad, Chile. Replacement name for Dentalium gracile Philippi, 1887 non Dentalium gracilis Hall & Meek, 1855 nec Dentalium gracile Moore, 1866 nec Dentalium gracile Jeffreys, 1870. nebulosum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738. [No references given]. Recent. Sicily [Mediterranean]. Junior 620 synonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42). nedallisoni, Cadulus (Polyschides) Emerson, 1978: 120-122, figs 4-6. Recent. Corinto, Nicaragua, Zaca Exp. stn 200-D-19, 12°28’03”N, 87°12’39”W, 22-24 m. Holotype AMNH 160349; paratypes AMNH 183875 (30), LACM 2117 (2). Polyschides nedallisoni (Emerson, 1978). Eastern Pacific: Nicaragua. 22-24 m. † neglectum, Pulsellum Cossmann, 1888: 11, pl. 1, figs 2, 3. Eocene. Le Guépelle, Marines and Chaussy, France. Siphonodentalium neglectum (Cossmann, 1888) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 235). Remark: a valid species of Dischides (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 86). neohexagonum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 19, 20, pl. 11, figs 74-86. Recent. Santa Barbara; San Pedro Bay; San Diego [all California]. Syntypes ANSP 35459 (4). Dentalium neohexagonum Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897. Eastern Pacific: California. 0-145 m. † neornatum, Dentalium Hayasaka, 1925: 108, 109 [24, 25], pl. 8 [1], figs 18-18b. Permian. Kinshozan, Akasaka-Machi, Mino province, Japan. Holotype Instn Geol. Paleont., Tohoku Univ. (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209). newcombei, Cadulus (Gadila) tolmiei var. Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 182, pl. 34, figs 1, 2. Recent. Type locality not specified. Type material not located. Synonym of Gadila tolmiei (Dall, 1897). † newtonensis, Cadulus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886: 41, pl. 2, figs 3, 3a, 3b. Eocene. Newton, Newton County, Mississippi, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 638727. Remarks: this name was tentatively proposed for “two depressed fragments” of Cadulus: “If, however, the form should prove to be a new species we propose the name Cadulus newtonensis for it”. Pilsbry & Harbison (1933: 117) suggested that it is a junior synonym of Cadulus jacksonensis Meyer, 1885, but Palmer & Brann (1965: 362) listed both species as valid. † niceforoi, Dentalium Royo y Gomez, 1945: 460: pl. 70, fig. 1. Lower Cretaceous, Barremian. Tower Villeta Formation, San Gil, Departmento de Santander, Colombia. † nicense, Dentalium Bellardi, 1852: 229, pl. 15, figs 9, 10 [as niceense, a nomen nudum in Bellardi 1850: 681]. Oligocene. Palarca and Mortola, Italy. Dentalium nitense [Gümbel, 1861: 604] is an incorrect subsequent spelling (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 210). nicklesi, Cadulus Dell, 1964: 129, 130, pl. 7, fig. 5. Recent. Cape Lopez, Angola, Discovery stn 279, 5867 m. Holotype BMNH 1962883/1; paratypes BMNH 1963300-303 (1 of them from stn 274, St Paul de Loanda, Angola, 65 m). Gadila nicklesi (Dell, 1964) (fide Nicklès 1979: 69). Eastern Atlantic: West Africa. 29-200 m. Remark: Nicklès ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) (1979) listed this species as C. (Platyschides) nicklesi, and the subgenus Platyschides was put in synonymy with Gadila by Scarabino (1995: 196, 355). nicolasi, Annulipulsellum Palmer, 1986: 396 [ex Scarabino MS]. Nomen nudum. nielseni, Graptacme Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 98, 99, figs 99B, 100A, 102A-D, 103. Recent. Off Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 11°22’S, 144°35’E, 2016 m. Holotype QM MO40055; paratypes QM MO40057 (8), QM MO40056 (1; northern Queensland, 14°27’S, 146°51’E, 1855 m), QM MO40058 (3; northern Queensland, 11°23’S, 144°36’E, 1999 m), AMS C201736 (2; northern Queensland, 11°23’S, 144°36’E, 1999 m). Graptacme nielseni Lamprell & Healy, 1998. IndoPacific: northern Australia. 1855-2016 m. † nigeriense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Adegoke, 1977: 63, 64, pl. 7, figs 5-10. Paleocene. Nigeria. Holotype UIMG 179; paratypes UIMG 180, UIMG 181, USNM Paleobiology 174765, 174766. nigrofasciatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1830. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. nigrum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. nipponicum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Yokoyama, 1922: 119, pl. 6, fig. 7. Pleistocene. Shito, Honshu, Japan. Lectotype UMT CM.21050 (designated by Taki & Oyama 1954: caption to pl. 26, fig. 7, as “holotype”; see Oyama [1973: 3] for an explanation of Taki & Oyama’s [1954] lectotype designations). Junior synonyms: Dentalium nagoense Dall, 1927; Dentalium numatai Hirase, 1931 (fide Habe 1963: 266, 267). Fustiaria nipponica (Yokoyama, 1922) (fide Habe 1963: 266). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan and New Caledonia. 5-200 m. † nipponicum, Siphonodentalium Makiyama, 1927: 59, pl. 2, figs 17-19. Lower Pliocene. Hônohasi, Saigo-mura, near Kakegawa, Japan. Holotype FGK JC.200224 (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 210). † nitens, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 159, pl. 70, figs 1, 2. Lower Eocene. Highgate, London Clay, England, United Kingdom. Fustiaria nitens (J. Sowerby, 1814) (fide Newton 1891: 285, 286). Possible junior synonym: Dentalium incertum Deshayes, 1825 (fide Deshayes 1861: 202). Remarks: this name was incorrectly applied by Eudes-Deslongchamps (1842: 129, 130) to the species subsequently described as Dentalium normianum d’Orbigny, 1850, from the Jurassic of France, and by Dixon (1850) to the species subsequently described as Dentalium lucidum Deshayes, 1861 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 208). nitense, see nicense. nitentior, Cadulus Arnold, 1903: 187, pl. 8, fig. 13 [ex Carpenter MS]. Recent. California coast; Pleistocene of San Pedro, San Diego; Pliocene of San Diego well. Lectotype CAS (designated by Palmer 1958: 119); paralectotypes CAS (San Pedro, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) California), USNM 23729. Junior synonym of Gadila aberrans (Whiteaves, 1887) (fide Shimek 1989: 235). Remarks: Pilsbry (1904: 108) expressed doubts as to the scaphopod nature of nitentior: “The figure and description given fix the name nitentior on what seems to be the tube of a serpulid annelid”. Shimek (1989: 235) designated USNM 23729 as lectotype of C. aberrans; this is invalid because it is not a syntype of that species. Palmer (1958: 119) stated that the figured specimen (which Arnold said was “now in the collection of Delos Arnold”) was the holotype of this species. Since Arnold reported this species from several localities, Palmer’s action constitutes a lectotype designation; the CAS type specimens are not labeled as to which specimen is the figured specimen, so it remains to be determined which specimen, if any, is the lectotype. However, Palmer (1958: 119) erroneously stated that USNM 23729 (30 fms, Catalina Island) “has no status in a type category” since this specimen is from a locality included by Arnold in his description, it was a syntype and is now a paralectotype. † nitidum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 203, pl. 1, figs 29, 30. Eocene. Paris Basin (Châlons-surVesles, Aizy, Mercin, Laversine, and Cuise-la-Motte), France. Remark: a valid species of Laevidentalium (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). nitidus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 129, pl. 19, fig. 9. Recent. Mayaguez Harbor, Puerto Rico, USBF stn 6062, 25 fms [46 m]. Holotype USNM 887474; paratypes USNM 161582, AMNH 148353 (3). Polyschides nitidus (Henderson, 1920) n. comb. Known from the type locality only. nivosum, Dentalium Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933: 7, 8, pl. 1, figs 9-11, text-figs 1, 2. Recent. Toyama Bay, Japan, 80-150 m. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Entalinopsis intercostata (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe 1963: 272). † nobile, Dentalium Mayer, 1863: 97, 98. Tertiary. Hoering, Germany [“Couches tongriennes de Hoering”]. Remark: type specimen(s) stated to be in the “Musée de mines de Munich [Germany]”. nodosus, see nodulosus. † nodulosus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 94, 95. Cretaceous. Insel Moen, Denmark. Dentalites nodosus [Krueger, 1823: 312] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. noe, Dentalium Sismonda, 1847: 24 [ex Bonelli MS]. Nomen nudum. Pliocene. Piedmont, Italy. † noe, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897: 94, pl. 7, figs 57-61 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.010, BS.106.01.011, BS.106.01.012 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 301). † noetlingi, Dentalium Martin, 1915: 180. Miocene. Singu and Kama, Burma. Remark: Martin (1915) 621 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. rejected Noetling’s claim that his Burma specimens were conspecific with Dentalium junghuhni described from Java, Indonesia. Noetling (1901: 250) claimed that his Burma specimens of “junghuhni” were “absolutely identical with” Dentalium magnificum E. A. Smith, 1896, a Recent species from the Indian Ocean. Martin’s subsequent conclusion that the Burma specimens were not referable to Dentalium junghuhni means that Dentalium magnificum is no longer a junior synonym, and indeed may now be a senior synonym of Dentalium noetlingi. † normanianum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 (volume 2): 46. Jurassic. Villerville, France. Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium nitens by Eudes-Deslongchamp (1842). † notabile, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 583. Silurian [“Grauwackenkalksteine”]. Pulkowa, Russia. Remark: figured by Eichwald, 1860: 1061, pl. 40, fig. 9; 1868: 800, 801, pl. 28, fig. 1. novaehollandiae, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 14; 1852: 5. Recent. Australia. Type material not located. Graptacme? novaehollandiae (Chenu, 1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 93). No information on geographic or bathymetric distribution available. † novaki, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 978-980, pl. 59, figs 7, 8. Oligocene. Morigny, France. Remark: Merklin & Goncharova (1967: 118) listed novaki as a junior synonym of acutum Hébert, but Janssen (1978b: 199) treated it as a valid species of Fissidentalium. † novaresei, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) de Stefani, 1917: 42, 43, pl. 4, fig. 6. Carboniferous. Elba, Italy. † novemcinctum, Dentalium “?” Sacco, 1897: 96, 97, pl. 7, fig. 97 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Oligocene. Sassello, Italy. Holotype MIGT BS.106.01.045 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 303, pl. 56, fig. 1). Remark: Bonci et al. (2000: 206) concluded that this was a valid species, referable to Dentalium (Dentalium). novemcostatum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 344. Recent. Around La Rochelle, France [Atlantic]. Possible syntypes MHNG 1081/54 (5; fide Y. Finet, in litt. 16.X.1996). Antalis novemcostata (Lamarck, 1818) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 51). Eastern Atlantic: Europe. 20-300 m. noviluna, see novilunatus. novilunatus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Kira, 1959: 104, pl. 40, fig. 2 [nomen nudum in Habe 1953: 298, and in Kira 1954: 80, pl. 40, fig. 2; see Bieler & Petit 1990: 141]. Recent. Shikoku, Japan. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Gadila virginalis (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe 1963: 279). Remarks: although Habe (1963: 279, 1964: 49, 1977: 342) and Habe & Kosuge (1964: 12) included G. novilunata in the synonymy of virginalis, Scarabino (1995: 358) stated that he “... prefer[s] to keep them separate pending further study”. Gadila 622 noviluna [Habe 1977: 342] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † novum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 23; 1850: 5. Type locality not specified (Tertiary, fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 210). † nudum, Dentalium Zekeli, 1852: 118, pl. 24, figs 1, 2. Jurassic. Edelbachgraben, Gosautal, Austria. numatai, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Hirase, 1931: 139, pl. 3, fig. 11. Recent. Osumi and Oshima [Japan]. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Fustiaria nipponica (Yokoyama, 1922) (fide Habe 1963: 267). † numerosa, Plagioglypta Yoo, 1988: 248, figs 148-151. Early Carboniferous, Late Tournaisian, Dangarfield Formation. Locality A-3, 2.6 km SW of Gundy, Upper Hunter, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype AMS F.61996; paratypes AMS F.61997 (20). numerosum, Dentalium Dall, 1895: 686. Recent. From the Galapagos to California. Syntypes LACM 1755 (near Isla Cedros, Pacific coast Baja California, México, 28°12’N, 115°09’W, 80 m), SBMNH 35016, USNM 87559, USNM 203102, USNM 600413 (all from Baja California Norte, near Isla Cedros, Albatross stn 2823, 24°18’N, 110°22’W, 26 fms [48 m]). Junior synonym of Dentalium oerstedii Mörch, 1861 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 25). † nunomae, Dentalium Takeda, 1953: 62, 63, pl. 4, fig. 8, pl. 5, fig. 12. Oligocene, Poronai Formation. Hokkaido University Locality T268, southern Sakhalin Island, Russia. Holotype Hokkaido University No. 11090; paratype Hokkaido University No. 11089 (Locality T211). † nutans, Cadulus Böhm, 1891: 70, pl. 4, fig. 26. Cretaceous. Höpfling, near Siegsdorf, southern Bavaria, Germany. nutans, Dentalium Kner, 1850: 23, 24, pl. 4, figs 10, 10a. Cretaceous. Nagórzany, Ukraine. Junior synonym of Dentalium decussatum J. Sowerby, 1814 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 221). nysti, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852 (volume 3): 18. Tertiary, Falunian. Klein-Spauwen, Hoesselt, Lethen, Belgium. Junior synonym of Dentalium acutum Hébert, 1849 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 197). Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium grande Deshayes, 1825 by Nyst (1843). nysti, Dentalium Van den Binkhorst, 1861: 61, pl. 6, fig. 2a-2c. Cretaceous. Limbourg, Belgium. Junior homonym of Dentalium nysti d’Orbigny, 1852. Replacement name: Dentalium binkhorsti Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. obesus, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 527, 528 [Watson 1886: 22, pl. 3, fig. 8]. Recent. Culebra Island [Lesser Antilles], Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.84-87 (labelled “in advanced stage of decay; Palmer 1971”). Cadulus obesus Watson, 1879. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 365-712 m. † obliquatus, Cadulus Koenen, 1892: 990, pl. 59, figs 19, 20. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf, Calbe, Atzendorf, and Unseburg, Germany. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) † oblongum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 585, pl. 45, fig. 3. Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Railwaycutting, Dixton West, near Gotherington, near Cheltenham, England, United Kingdom. Remark: Engeser & Riedel (1992: 38) stated that “This species cannot be attributed to any known scaphopod genus and therefore a new genus should be proposed”. obnutus, see obrutus. † obrutus, Gadus Conrad, 1870a: 227. Emendation for Gadus “obnutus” Conrad, 1869b. Cretaceous. Haddonfield, New Jersey, USA. Syntype ANSP 19502. Cadulus obrutus (Conrad, 1870) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 238). obscurum, Dentalium gouldii var. Dall, 1889: 425, pl. 27, fig. 4. Recent. Off Barbados, Lesser Antilles, Blake stn 299, 13°05’N, 59°39’40”W, 140 fms [256 m]. Lectotype USNM 95351 (designated by Henderson 1920: 32); paralectotypes USNM 887460, MCZ 7695, MCZ 7708 (erroneously stated to be the holotype by Turner 1955: 319). Dentalium obscurum Dall, 1889 (fide Henderson 1920: 32). Western Atlantic: Caribbean and Brazil. 146-1540 m. † obsoletum, Dentalium Hall, 1858: 724, pl. 29, figs 16, 17. Carboniferous. Iowa, USA. Syntype FM UC.10722 (fide Forney & Nitecki 1976: 11). Objective junior synonyms: Dentalium sublaeve Hall, 1877; Prodentalium fredericae Engeser & Riedel, 1992. Junior synonym: Dentalium acutisulcatum Gurley, 1883 (fide Yancey 1978: 307). Prodentalium obsoletum (Hall, 1858) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 41). Remarks: this is a valid name and not a junior secondary homonym of Dentalites obsoletum Schlotheim, 1832, which is a nomen nudum. The replacement names, Dentalium sublaeve Hall in Miller, 1877 (being itself a junior homonym of Dentalium sublaeve Cocconi, 1874) and Prodentalium fredericae Engeser & Riedel, 1992 are, therefore, unnecessary. obsoletum, Dentalium Doderlein, 1864: 97 [15]. Nomen nudum. Miocene. Monte Gibio (Modena), Santo Agata (Tortona) and Vigoleno (Piacenza), Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium obsoletum Hall, 1858. See Dentalium dentalis var. sublaevis Cocconi, 1874. obsoletus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1813: 100; 1832: 67. Tonna, Sachsenberg, Germany. Nomen nudum. obtusum, Dentalium Qi & Ma, 1989: 114, fig. 3. Recent. Zhejiang Province, China. Type in IOAS. Dentalium obtusum Qi & Ma, 1989. Indo-Pacific: China Sea. 0-5 m. occidentale, Dentalium Stimpson, 1851b: 28. Recent. Deep water on the coast of Maine, and in Massachusetts Bay [Western Atlantic]. Type material presumably lost (fide Johnson 1976: 66). Junior synonyms: Dentalium abyssorum M. Sars, 1859 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 47); Dentalium cinerascens Anton, 1838 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 48, as ten- ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) tative senior(!) synonym); Dentalium aenigmaticum Jordan, 1895 (fide Friele & Grieg 1901: 49). Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 47). North Atlantic. 36-1823 m. Remarks: Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 54) listed this species in the synonymy of Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758); further study of the taxonomy of these species is needed. This species was misidentified as Dentalium dentale by Gould (1841). occidentale, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Henderson, 1920: 93, pl. 16, fig. 4. Recent. Off Martha’s Vineyard [Massachusetts], USBF stn 871, 40°05’39”N, 70°23’52”W, 86 fms [157 m]. Holotype USNM 38702; paratype MCZ 186823 (2). Pulsellum occidentale (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA. 157-1794 m. occiduus, Cadulus Verco, 1911b: 218, pl. 26, fig. 7. Recent. Geographe Bay, off Bunbury, West Australia, 15 fms [27 m]. Holotype SAM D 13759. Cadulus occiduus Verco, 1911. Indo-Pacific: western Australia. 27-2900 m. Remark: the 7 paratypes could not be located. octangulatum, Dentalium Donovan, 1803: pl. 162. Recent. Japan. Neotype BMNH 1952.2.23.1 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 97). Junior synonyms: Dentalium octogonum Lamarck, 1818; Dentalium striatulum Turton, 1819 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 17); Dentalium yokohamense Watson, 1879; Dentalium japonicum Dunker, 1877 (fide Habe 1964: 8). Dentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1803. Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to Japan and New Guinea. 5-1380 m. Remarks: the original type locality was “near Lelant, Cornwall, England”. However, the type material was mislocalized, and Ludbrook’s designation of a neotype from Japan fixes the type locality as Japan (ICZN 1999: article 76.3). † octevillense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1899b: 329, pl. 2, fig. 8. Cretaceous, Cenomanian. Octeville, Seine-Inférieure [Seine-Maritime], France. octocostatum, Dentalium Fraas, 1867. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. Remark: Blanckenhorn (1927: 123, 124, pl. 1, figs 2-8) considered this to be a valid species of Dentalium, but he did not discuss the contrary conclusion of Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 245). octocostatum, Dentalium Ihering, 1897: 266, 267, pl. 4, fig. 16. Tertiary, Santa Cruz Formation. Yegua Quemada, Patagonia, Argentina. Junior homonym of Dentalium octocostatum Fraas, 1867 [Polychaeta]. Replacement name: Dentalium octocostellatum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. † octocostellatum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 211. Tertiary, Santa Cruz Formation. Yegua Quemada, Patagonia, Argentina. Replacement name for Dentalium octocostatum Ihering, 1897 non Fraas, 1867 (Polychaeta). Junior synonym: Dentalium gallardoi Rovereto, 1921 (fide Feruglio 1949b: 203, footnote). 623 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. † octogonalis, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var. Sacco, 1897: 102, pl. 8, fig. 57 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.049 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 305). octogonum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 344. Recent. Sea of China. Syntypes MNHN (2; fide Scarabino 1995: 200), possible syntypes MHNG 1081/53 (4; fide Y. Finet, in litt. 16.X.1996). Junior synonym of Dentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1803 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 17). octogonum, Dentalium Rayneval, Hecke & Ponzi 1854: 13, 19. Pliocene. Monte Mario, Rome, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium octogonum Lamarck, 1818. Remark: the very short general description and the lack of illustrations and types renders this a dubious species for which we prefer not to introduce a replacement name. octopleuron, Dentalium Verco, 1911a: 206. Recent. St Vincent Gulf, South Australia, 15-22 fms [2740 m]. Holotype SAM D 13725. Paradentalium octopleuron (Verco, 1911) (fide Cotton & Godfrey 1933: 139). Pacific Ocean: South Australia. 12-1210 m. Remark: this species was described from a lot of 88 specimens; the 87 paratypes could not be located. octostriatum, Dentalium antverpiense “forma” Goddeeris, 1978: 70, 72. Miocene. Belgium. Nomen nudum. Remark: this is also an unavailable infrasubspecific name (ICZN 1999: articles 45.5 and 45.6.3). oerstedii, Dentalium Mörch, 1861: 177. Recent. Gulf of Nicoya, west coast of Costa Rica, 30 fms [55 m]. Syntypes ZMUC (3; fide Keen 1966: 18, fig. 21). Junior synonym: Dentalium numerosum Dall, 1895 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 25). Dentalium oerstedii Mörch, 1861. Eastern Pacific: California to Ecuador, Galapagos Islands. 4-1480 m. okudai, Siphonodentalium Habe, 1953: 299, figs 759, 760. Recent. Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, 20 m. Holotype NSMT 54867; paratypes NSMT 54868, AMNH 148420 (1). Siphonodentalium okudai Habe, 1953. Known from the type locality only. † oleacinum, Dentalium agile var. Dall, 1892: 441. Pliocene. Caloosahatchie River and Shell Creek, Florida, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 112739 (3). † oligocenica, Gadila Vergneau-Saubade, 1968: 208, pl. 1, fig. 23. Oligocene, Aquitanian. Gaas, Sarcignan, France. olivi, Dentalium Scacchi, 1835: 12, pl. 2, fig. 6. Pleistocene. Gravina, Italy. Holotype UPMN (fide R. La Perna pers. comm.). Tentative junior synonym: Siphodentalium hyalinum Brugnone, 1876 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 171), non Dentalium hyalinum Philippi, 1846. Polyschides olivi (Scacchi, 1835) (fide Steiner & Dreyer 2003: 346, 349). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean. 500-2242 m. Remark: Jeffreys (1877: 157, 158) listed this species in the genus Gadila. 624 onyx, Hamulus Morton, 1834. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † oolithicum, Dentalium Piette, 1856: 598, pl. 15, figs 28, 29. Jurassic. Rumigny, France. Junior synonym: Dentalium entaloides Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1842 non Fleming, 1825 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 225). † opaculum, Dentalium Casey, 1903: 266, 267. Oligocene. Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA. opacum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1829: 198, 199. Recent. “From South Sea ships, supposedly from New Zealand” (G. Humphrey’s collection, Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 70). Type material not located. Fissidentalium opacum (Sowerby, 1829) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 70). New Zealand. Remarks: Finlay (1928: 262) considered this species indeterminate. Dell (1957: 564) treated it as nomen dubium due to the absence of the type material and pointed out a possible synonymy with Fissidentalium zelandicum (Sowerby, 1860). † opalina, Dentalium filicauda var. Quenstedt, 1856: 328, pl. 44, fig. 16. Jurassic, Liassic. Near Berlin, Germany. Remark: Richardson (1906: 575, 576) tentatively suggested that this name might be a junior synonym of Dentalium elongatum Goldfuss, 1841. † operculatus, Dentalites Krueger, 1823: 312 [ex Bohadsch MS]. Near Gosathal, Hallstadt, Germany. ophiodon, Dentalium Dall, 1881: 38. Recent. Off Bahia Honda, Cuba, Blake stn 20, 23°02’30”N, 83°11’W, 220 fms [402 m]. Lectotype USNM 95344 (designated by Henderson 1920: 85); paralectotypes USNM 95345 (1; Blake stn 21), MCZ 7727 (1; Blake stn 19), MCZ 7728 (1; Blake stn 20), MCZ 7729 (1; Blake stn 21; erroneously stated to be the holotype by Turner 1955: 319). Compressidens ophiodon (Dall, 1881) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 126). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 128-1280 m. opiparium, Quasidentalium Shimansky, 1974. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. opportuna, Gadila Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961: 105, pl. 47, fig. 2 [nomen nudum in Habe 1953: 298]. Recent. Off Zushi City, Sagami Bay, Honshu, Japan, 100-200 m. Holotype in NSMT. Gadila opportuna Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961. Indo-Pacific: Japan. 100-780 m. † ornatum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1843: 318, 319, pl. 22, figs 3a-3c. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. † ornatus, Cadulus (Dischides) Baluk, 1972: 563, 564, pl. 5, figs 9-13. Miocene, Lower Tortonian (Badenian). Korytnica, 24 km SSW of Kielce, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Holotype and paratypes, Baluk collection. orsum, Dentalium Bonelli in Sismonda, 1842: 25. Tertiary. Piedmont, Italy. Junior synonym of Dentalium inaequale Bronn, 1831 (fide Sismonda ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) 1847: 24; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 205), itself a junior synonym of Dentalium sexangulum Gmelin, 1791 (fide Bernasconi 1996: 26). † orthezense, Dentalium Tournouër, 1873: 466 [40], pl. 6, fig. 12. Eocene. Orthez, Adour Basin, southwestern France. † orthoceras, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 225. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Replacement name for Entalis filosa de Koninck, 1883, a junior secondary homonym of Dentalium filosum Broderip & Sowerby, 1830. orthrum, Dentalium entalis var. Watson, 1879: 512, 513. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.18-20 (Setubal, Challenger stn II, 470 fms [858 m]; Fayal, Azores, Challenger stn 75, 450 fms [821 m]; Prince Edward Island, Challenger stn 145, 150 fms [274 m]). Synonym of Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758). † ortus, Fissidentalium Palmer, 1974b: 124. Miocene. Locality R, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7272 (5) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112, pl. 3). Replacement name for Dentalium tenuistriatum Martin, 1880 non Rouault, 1850. oryx, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 20, pl. 6, fig. 24, textfig. 14. Recent. Sunda Islands, Siboga stn 302, 10°27.9’S, 123°28.7’E, 216 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.014 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 205); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.015 (4). Junior synonym: Dentalium paucicontortum Boissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 205, by First Reviser action, according to ICZN 1999: article 24). Dentalium oryx Boissevain, 1906. Indo-Pacific: Africa to Philippines. 216-965 m. osceola, Spirodentalium Walcott, 1890. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † otamaringaensis, Dentalium Marwick, 1926: 326, 327, pl. 74, fig. 15. Miocene. Mouth of Waiau Stream E to Otamaringa Pa, Waitara Survey District, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM4808; paratypes NZGS (7) (fide Keyes 1972: 96). Dentalium otamaringaense Marwick, 1926 (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424). † otatumei, Dentalium Nagao, 1938: 141, 142, pl. 15 [2], figs 11-11b. Cretaceous. Ponporokabetu, near Yubari coal mines, Isikari province, Japan. Holotype Dept. Geol., Hokkaido Univ., No. 8235 (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209). † ottoi, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 119; 1898: 211. Oligocene. Joachimsthal and Hermsdorf, Germany. Replacement name for Dentalium compressum Meyer, 1883 non d’Orbigny, 1850. † ouachitensis, Cadulus (Cadulus) Palmer, 1937: 21, pl. 2, figs 18, 19. Eocene, Lower Claiborne Formation. PRI Locality 741, Lapiniere Landing, east bank of Ouachita River, Louisiana and Columbus, Louisiana, USA. Syntypes PRI 2644, PRI 2645. ovale, Dentalium “Malm.” – Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 225. Nomen nudum? Remarks: we have not found ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) the original description of this species; Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 225) wrote: “Description not seen by us. Jurassic, Dogger: Germany”, and R. Janssen (in litt.) stated that the putative senior homonym appears to be a manuscript name that was never described. † ovale, Dentalium Cooke, 1928: 9, pl. 2, fig. 5. Oligocene. Alazan Clay, Rio Buena Vista, west of Alazan, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Type material USNM Paleobiology 352708. ovalis, Cadulus (Dischides) Boissevain, 1906: 66, textfig. 31, pl. 6, fig. 52. Recent. Madura Bay and other localities in the southern part of Molo-strait [Indonesia], Siboga stn 51, 69-91 m. Syntypes ZMA 3.06.088-089 (2). Dischides ovalis (Boissevain, 1906). Indo-Pacific: Africa to Indonesia. 69101 m. † ovatum, Dentalium Hu, 1992: 659, figs 9, 14-17, 22. Pleistocene. Limestone of Henchun Peninsula, Taiwan. Holotype NMT 1639d; paratypes NMT 1639, 1639a-c. Remark: this species probably belongs to the genus Compressidentalium. † ovosectum, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 226. Upper Cretaceous. Tisa [Tyssa], Bohemia, Czech Republic. Replacement name for Dentalium glabrum Geinitz, 1839 non Montagu, 1803. ovulum, Dentalium Philippi, 1844: 208, 209, pl. 27, fig. 21. Pleistocene near Crotone, Calabria, Italy. Type material not located. Cadulus ovulum (Philippi, 1844) (fide Philippi 1844, who also established the monotypic genus Cadulus for this type species). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean. 9822643 m. Remark: this may be an fossil species, as Di Geronimo & La Perna (1997: 417, 418) claimed that reports of Recent specimens in the Mediterranean and in the Atlantic are based on reworked fossils or misidentified specimens of Cadulus gibbus Jeffreys, 1883. † ozawai, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Yokoyama, 1926: 289, pl. 34, fig. 11. Pliocene, Sawané Formation. Sado Island, Japan. Holotype GIUT (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 210). pachypleurum, Dentalium (Gadilina) Boissevain, 1906: 51, text-fig. 26, pl. 5, figs 21, 22. Recent. Locality of syntypes: ZMA 3.06.063 (2; Banda Sea, Siboga stn 208, 5°39’S, 122°12’E, 1886 m), ZMA 3.06.064 (1; Arafura Sea, Siboga stn 271, 5°46.7’S, 134°0’E, 1788 m). Gadilina pachypleura (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 285). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia. 1788-1886 m. pacifica, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1311, 1314, pl. 1, figs 3, 4, pl. 2, figs 10, 14. Recent. Aleutian Trench, Vitjaz stn 6136 T, 53°25’N, 163°23’W, 4180-4186 m. Holotype IOM; paratypes IOM (1 from stn 5159, 7°36’N, 162°01’W, 4916 m; 3 from stn 6097, 57°00’N, 148°18.5’W, 4740 m; 1 from 6107-1, 57°37.8’N, 143°12’W, 3800 m). Costentalina pacifica Chistikov, 1982. Indo-Pacific: 625 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Micronesia; Tasman Sea; Eastern Pacific: Alaska. 3253-4916 m. pacificum, Dentalium Hutton, 1873a: 5, 6. Recent. New Zealand. Holotype NMNZ M263 (fide Marshall 1996: 43); paratype ZMB 24023 (fide Kilias 1995: 175). Junior synonym of Fissidentalium zelandicum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Suter 1913: 819). † pagellai, Dentalium Negri, 1934: 172, 173, pl. 14, figs 15-17. Paleogene. Gef Gef el-Abiad (ZellaMarada) and Haifàt (Zella-Marada), Libya. pallida, Pseudantalis rubescens var. Monterosato, 1884: 33. Nomen nudum without type locality. † palmerae, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974: 17, text-fig. 8t, u; pl. 1, figs 15, 16, pl. 2, fig. 8. Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation, Wheelock Member. Stone City Bluff, Brazos River Valley, Burleson County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180439; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 180440, 180449, PRI 29225, ANSP 31503. † palmerae, Dentalium (Antalis) Garvie, 1996: 46, pl. 9, fig. 2. Eocene, Lower Claibornian, Reklaw Formation, Marquez Member. Locality 4, Bluff on Ridge Creek, Texas, USA. Holotype PRI 30313. panamense, Dentalium megathyris var. Dall, 1908: 358. Recent. Gulf of Panama. Syntypes LACM 1836 (Isla Malpelo, Colombia, 3241 m), USNM 122975 (16; Albatross stn 3381, 4°56’N, 80°52’30”W, 1772 fms [3234 m]), USNM 122977 (7) and 594263 (1) (Albatross stn 3361, 6°10’N, 83°06’W, 1471 fms [2685 m]), USNM 122982 (1; Albatross stn 3360, 6°17’N, 82°05’W, 1672 fms [3051 m]), SBMNH 35019 (1; Albatross stn 3361, 6°10’N, 83°06’W, 1471 fms [2685 m]). Synonym of Fissidentalium megathyris (Dall, 1889). panamensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 191, 192, pl. 36, figs 23-25. Recent. Panama Bay, 51 fms [93 m]. Holotype (of Dentalium corrugatum) BMNH 1857.6.4.881 (fide Keen 1968: 403, text-fig. 24). Replacement name for Dentalium corrugatum Carpenter, 1857 non corrugatum Hupé in Gay, 1854; junior synonym of Gadila perpusilla (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fide Emerson 1971: 78). Remark: Emerson (1971: 78) erroneously selected a “lectotype” for Cadulus panamensis Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898; this action is incorrect under ICZN (1999) article 72.7, since panamensis was a replacement name for corrugatum and thus both taxa have the same type material. For that reason, the “paralectotypes” of panamensis (e.g., Scott et al. 1990: 18; Boyko & Sage 1996: 30, 31) have no nomenclatural status. pandionis, Cadulus Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1880: 392. Recent. Off Martha’s Vineyard [Massachusetts], USBF stn 876, 120 fms [219 m]. Lectotype USNM 38644 (designated by Johnson 1989: 56 as holotype); paralectotypes MCZ 186811 626 (3; USFC stn 877, 126 fms [230 m]), MCZ 186812 (1; USFC 873, 100 fms [183 m]), MCZ 186813 (2; USFC 871, 115 fms [210 m]), MCZ 186814 (USFC stn 870, 155 fms [283 m]). Gadila pandionis (Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1880) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 171). Western Atlantic: New Jersey to Florida (USA). 46-704 m. Remark: Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55) placed this species in the genus Polyschides. panormitanum, Dentalium “Chenu” – Jeffreys 1883: 657. Unjustified emendation of Dentalium panormum Chenu. Antalis panorma (Chenu, 1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 54). panormum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 13; 1852: 6. Recent. “Fossil”, Sicily [Italy]. Type material not located. Junior synonyms: Dentalium pseudoentalis O. G. Costa, 1851; Dentalium arguticosta Brugnone, 1878 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 54, Bellini 1909: 226). Antalis panorma (Chenu, 1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 54). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean: Europe and North Africa. 54350 m. † parallelum, Dentalium Zinndorf, 1928: 38, pl. 1, fig. 8 [ex Boettger MS]. Oligocene (Rupelton). Offenbach, Germany. Rhabdus parallelus (Zinndorf, 1928) (fide Janssen 1978b: 140, 141). † parannulatum, Dentalium n. nom. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 638812. Replacement name for Dentalium annulatum Meyer, 1886 non Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791. † pardelensis, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 49, pl. 5, fig. 2. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Punta Pardela, Valdés Peninsula, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-075. † pareorensis, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 211. Miocene, Pareora Formation. Kanieri; Chatham Islands; Motanau, New Zealand. Replacement name for Dentalium laevis Hutton, 1873 non Schlotheim, 1820. Lectotype NZGS TM4812 (designated by Keyes 1972: 97). Antalis pareorensis (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424). parfaiti, Dentalium caudani var. Locard, 1898: 104 [ex Fischer MS]. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Syntype MNHN. Synonym of Dentalium caudani, a junior synonym of Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877). † parianus, Cadulus Guppy in Guppy & Dall, 1896: 325, pl. 30, fig. 7. Oligocene. Pointapier, Trinidad. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 107155 (12). Remark: Schuchert et al. (1905: 112) cited USNM 107155 as the “holotype” but did not specify which syntype was to be the holotype, so this does not constitute a valid lectotype designation. † parisiensis, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 (volume 2): 372. Eocene. Chaumont, Parnes, Mouchy-leChâtel, Senlis (Oise), France. Replacement name for Dentalium semistriatum Deshayes, 1825 non ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Turton, 1819. Dentalium parisiense d’Orbigny, 1850 (fide Deshayes 1864: 210, pl. 2, figs 17-19; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 211). Remark: a valid species of Dentalium (Entaliopsis) (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). parisiensis, Gadus Deshayes, 1861: 218, 219, pl. 3, figs 18-20. Eocene. Paris Basin (numerous localities), France. Junior synonym of Polyschides denticulatum (Deshayes, 1850) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 238). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 238) erroneously listed Dentalium denticulatum Deshayes, “1864” as a junior synonym of this species; in fact, D. denticulatum was described in 1850, not 1864, and the synonymy is herein reversed. Used as a valid species of Siphonodentalium by Le Renard (1995: 175) and Le Renard & Pacaud (1995: 86), who were unaware that it was a junior synonym. † parkinsoni, Dentalium Quenstedt, 1852: 443, pl. 35, fig. 18; 1867: 531. Jurassic. Germany. Remarks: Brauns (1865: 137; 1869: 191) stated that this species was a junior synonym of Dentalium entaloides Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1842 (= Dentalium oolithicum Piette, 1856). However, that species name is a junior homonym of Dentalium entaloides Fleming, 1825. Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 226) instead treated Quenstedt’s species as valid. † parvula, Fustiaria Stoliczka, 1868: 445, pl. 27, fig. 22. Cretaceous, Valudayur group. Pondicherry, India. † parvulina, Cadulus tumidosus var. Sacco, 1897: 116, pl. 10, figs 74-76 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. San Agata, Piedmont, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.10.010-BS.106.10.012 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 310, pl. 55, figs 13, 14). Cadulus (Cadulus) parvulinus Sacco, 1897 (fide Moroni & Ruggeri 1980: 47, figs 1, 2). Remark: Moroni & Ruggeri (1980: 47, by First Reviser action) listed Cadulus tumidosus var. perinflata Sacco, 1897 as a junior synonym of this species. † parvulum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 107, 108, pl. 12, fig. 16; 1887b: 102, pl. 12, fig. 16. Tertiary. Navidad and Lebu, Chile. Objective junior synonym: Dentalium philippianum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 212) considered this species as congeneric with Fustiaria parvula Stoliczka, 1868 and, therefore, introduced the replacement name. Although the two species belong to Dentalium and Fustiaria respectively, Philippi’s name cannot be restored according to ICZN (1999). parvulum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 585-587, pl. 45, figs 9, 12 [ex J. Buckman MS]. Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Leckhampton Station clay-pit, Cheltenham, England, United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Dentalium parvulum Philippi, 1887. Replacement name: Dentalium subparvulum Emerson, 1954. † parvum, Dentalium Mayer, 1864: 358, 359, pl. 14, fig. 6. Miocene. Menou, near Léognan, France. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) parvus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 113, 114, pl. 18, figs 2, 4. Recent. Off Barbados, Blake, 100 fms [183 m]. Holotype USNM 314713; paratype MCZ 48414 (1). Cadulus parvus Henderson, 1920. Western Atlantic: Caribbean, Brazil. 60-219 m. Remarks: Henderson (1920: 113, 114) recognized that the original description of Cadulus amiantus Dall, 1889 encompassed two species; therefore, he described parvus for those specimens of “amiantus” that were not conspecific with amiantus s.s. Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55) placed this species in the genus Polyschides, although the position of the maximum diameter in the middle of the shell suggests it to belong to Cadulus. passeriniamum, see passerinianum. † passerinianum, Dentalium Cocconi, 1874: 646, 647, pl. 6, figs 18, 19. Miocene. San Agata, Italy. Remarks: Dentalium striatissimum Doderlein, 1862 (nomen nudum) listed in synonymy. Dentalium passeriniamum [Sacco, 1897: 96] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † patagonicum, Dischides Brunet, 1995: 55, pl. 5, fig. 12. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-082. † patriciae, Laevidentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 41. Middle Devonian. Grube Rothe Erde, near Giessen, Germany. Replacement name for Dentalium robustum Maurer, 1885 non Brazier, 1877. † patulum, Dentalium Potiez & Michaud, 1838: 545. Cretaceous, Green Sand. Varenne, Meuse, northeastern France. paucicontortum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 28, 29, pl. 6, figs 25-28. Recent. Sulu Archipelago [Philippines], Siboga stn 95, 05°43.5’N, 119°40’E, 522 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.022 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 205); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.023 (34; fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl, in litt. 23.VI.2000), ZMA 3.06.024 (1; stn 105, 6°08’N, 121°19’E, 275 m). Junior synonym of Dentalium oryx Boissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 205, by First Reviser action, according to ICZN 1999: article 24). † paucicostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco, 1897: 108, pl. 9, figs 24-28 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.013 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 307). paucicostatum, Dentalium capillosum var. Watson, 1879: 509. Recent. Setubal [Portugal], Challenger stn II, 38°10’N, 9°14’W, 470 fms [858 m]. Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.1. Junior synonym: Dentalium exuberans Locard, 1897 (B. Métivier, n. syn.). Fissidentalium paucicostatum (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 78). Eastern Atlantic: Europe to northern Africa. 403-3650 m. † paucicostulata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco, 1897: 105, pl. 8, fig. 78 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities). 627 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.069 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306). † paucistriata, Pulsellum (Entalina) tetragona var. Sacco, 1897: 114, pl. 10, figs 54, 55 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene/Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.08. 008, BS.106.08.009 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 310). † paulini, Dentalium Maury, 1925: 403, 404, pl. 24, fig. 1. Cretaceous. Estacao Agronomica (Camada No. 7), Pará, Brasil. † pauperculum, Dentalium Meek & Hayden, 1860: 178. Cretaceous. Lance Formation, Fox Hills Sandstone, Moreau River, South Dakota, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 311 (figured by Stanton 1920: 34, pl. 6, fig. 6). peitaihoensis, Dentalium King & Ping, 1935: 103105, text-figs 1, 2. Recent. Peitaiho, beach [Beidaihe], China. Type material and type depository not specified. Dentalium? peitaihoensis King & Ping, 1935. Indo-Pacific: China. Known from the type locality only. Remarks: generic placement uncertain. Figures 1a and 1b resemble fragments or juveniles of Omniglypta cerina (Pilsbry, 1905) or Episiphon subtorquatum (Fischer, 1871); figure 1c depicts a Caecum shell. Moreover, the presence of a thick orange to brownish periostracum suggests that some of the types do not belong to the Scaphopoda. The authors erroneously classified their new species in the “Order Scutibranchiata” which is actually an ordinal-level name in the Gastropoda. pelamidae, Polyschides Chistikov, 1979a: 113, 114, fig. 7. Recent. Tonkin, Vietnam, Pelamide stn 46, 56 m. Holotype ZIN. Polyschides pelamidae Chistikov, 1979. Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to China. 31-150 m. Polyschides pelamide [Scarabino 1995: 338] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. pelamide, see pelamidae. † pellati, Dentalium Loriol in Loriol & Pellat, 1874: 405, pl. 10, figs 36, 37. Upper Jurassic, Portlandian. Ningle, Alpreck, Boulogne-sur-Mer, northern France. Remark: Laevidentalium pellati (Loriol in Loriol & Pellat, 1874), fide Gerasimov (1969: 52). pelliceri, Dentalium (Episiphon) sowerbyi Henderson, 1920: 80, 81, pl. 13, figs 7-9. Recent. Bahia Honda, Cuba, Tomas Barrera stn 208, 1-12 fms [222 m]. Holotype USNM 314565; paratypes USNM 314566-314573, ANSP 119157, AMNH 148322 (35; stn 203, Cabanas Harbor, Cuba, 312 fms [5-22 m]), AMNH 148323 (6). Synonym of Episiphon sowerbyi (Guilding, 1834). † pellucens, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 214, 215, pl. 1, figs 21-23. Eocene. Paris Basin (Damery, Montmirel, Parnes and Grignon), France. Fustiaria pellucens (Deshayes, 1861) (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). pellucidum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. 628 † pentagonale, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 226. Triassic. Bavaria, Germany. Replacement name for Dentalium quinquangulare Gümbel, 1861 non Forbes, 1844. pentagonum, Siphonodentalium M. Sars, 1865a: 307312, pl. 7, figs 45-51. Recent. Drøbak, near Oslo; Langesund and Flekkefjord, 50-120 fms [91219 m]; Lofoten Islands, 50-300 fms [91-548 m] [Norway]. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Entalina tetragona (Brocchi, 1814) (fide M. Sars 1870: 195, as S. quinquangulare). Remark: in his description, Sars referred to the specimen misidentified as Dentalium abyssorum juv. (M. Sars 1865b: 43, figs 107-109). † peracuta, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897: 94, pl. 7, fig. 63 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Carrú, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.01.013 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 301). † peranulatus, Cadulus Guppy, 1912: 4. Tertiary. Corosal, Trinidad. † perarmatum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 67, pl. 2, figs 39, 40. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 232) questioned the placement of this species in the Scaphopoda, because the posterior spines are unknown in this class. perceptum, Dentalium Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889: 99-100. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntypes MNHN (2; labelled “Beagle Channel” [Patagonia]). Rhabdus perceptus (Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 115). Western Atlantic: Argentina; Eastern Pacific: Chile. 278-933 m. † perfragile, Dentalium (Pulsellum) Koenen, 1892: 986, 987, pl. 59, figs 17, 18. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf, Westeregeln and Helmstadt, Germany. † perigonicum, Dentalium Doderlein, 1864: 97 [15]. Miocene. Monte Gibio, Modena, Italy. perinflata, Cadulus tumidosus var. Sacco, 1897: 116, pl. 10, fig. 77 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. San Agata, Piedmont, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.10.013 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 310). Junior synonym of Cadulus (Cadulus) parvulinus Sacco, 1897 (fide Moroni & Ruggeri 1980: 47, figs 1, 2, as First Reviser action). † perinii, Dentalium Malaroda, 1951: 190, 191, pl. 5, fig. 23, pl. 7, fig. 19. Eocene. Monteccio, Costozza, Colli Berici, near Vicenza, Italy. Holotype Museo dell’Istituto Geologia dell’Università di Padova. perinvolutum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Ludbrook, 1954: 101, 102, fig. 7. Recent. Gulf of Aden, John Murray Exp. stn 185, 13°48’N, 49°16’E, 2000 m. Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.65. Antalis perinvoluta (Ludbrook, 1954) (fide Scarabino 1995: 233). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to Indonesia and Australia. 918-2000 m. † perlaevis, Dentalium (Antale) bouei var. Sacco, 1897: 99, pl. 8, fig. 18 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Lectotype MIGT BS.106.02.012 (designated by Bonci et al. 2000: 228, 229); paralectotypes MIGT BS.106.02.005BS.106.02.007, MIGT BS.106.02.007/01 (34), MIGT BS.106.02.007/02 (36), MIGT BS.106.02. 014/01 (14), MIGT BS.106.02.012/01 (25) (fide Bonci et al. 2000: 228). perlongum, Dentalium Dall, 1881: 36. Recent. North of Yucatan Bank, Blake stn 33, 24°01’N, 88°58’W, 1568 fms [2868 m]. Lectotype MCZ 7752 (designated by Turner 1955: 319 as “holotype”); paralectotypes MCZ 7660 (1), MCZ 7661 (1; Blake stn 41), MCZ 7663 (1; Blake stn 46), MCZ 7664 (3; Yucatan Strait, 640 fms [1168 m]). Graptacme perlonga (Dall, 1881) (fide Scarabino 1994: 307). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Cape Hatteras (USA) to Brazil. 200-4850 m. Remark: Henderson (1920: caption to pl. 9, fig. 1) stated “selected type, 99 mm”, however, none of the then-syntype specimens is over 80 mm in length, hence Henderson’s statement does not constitute a valid lectotype selection. † perplexa, Gadila Boettger, 1907: 211, 212. Miocene. Valea Semini and Valea Casilor, Kostej, Banat, Romania. Lectotype SMF XIII.5a (designated by Zilch 1934: 278, pl. 22, fig. 23). perpusillum, Dentalium Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832: 29. Recent. Puerto Solango, Colombia [Eastern Pacific]. Lectotype BMNH 1950.10.10.1-5 (best preserved specimen, lenght = 7.2 mm, of 5 shells glued to a wooden block) (designated by Emerson 1971) and 4 paralectotypes. Junior synonyms: Dentalium corrugatum Carpenter, 1857 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 192); Cadulus (Gadila) panamensis Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 (fide Emerson 1971: 78). Gadila perpusilla (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 190). Eastern Pacific: Baja California to Panama, Galapagos Islands, ?Ecuador. 18-120 m. † perrilliatae, Tesseracme n. nom. Middle Miocene. Stns 9995 and 23737, Santa Rosa, Veracruz, Mexico. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 350085; paratypes UNAM 2520. Replacement name for Dentalium (Tesseracme) mexicanum Perrilliat, 1975 non Dentalium mexicanum Girty, 1909. † perseveratum, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 49, 50, pl. 5, fig. 4. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-077. † perstriolata, Dentalium (Antale) vulgare var. Sacco, 1897: 98, pl. 8, figs 1-5 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Bordighera, Astigiana and Vezza d’Alba, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02. 001, BS.106.02.002 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 303). pertracheatum, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) Plate, 1908a: 357, 358, pl. 30. figs 45, 46. Recent. Nias North Channel (15 sm [= nautical miles] South of ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Bangkam), Valdivia stn 203, 1°47.1’N, 96°58.7’E, 660 m. Lectotype ZMB 61099a (designated by Kilias 1995: 175); paralectotypes ZMB 61099b (1), ZMB 63839 (1; between Cocos Island and Sumatra, Valdivia stn 185, 3°41.3’S, 100°59.5’E, 614 m). Plagioglypta pertracheata (Plate, 1908) (fide Scarabino 1995: 236). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to New Caledonia. 460-1740 m. peruvianum, Dentalium Dall, 1908: 358. Recent. Off Peru, Albatross stn 4656, 6°55’S, 83°34’W, 2222 fms [4055 m]. Holotype USNM 110667; paratype USNM 110666 (Albatross stn 4649, fide Kabat 1996: 17). Fissidentalium peruvianum (Dall, 1908) n. comb. (V. Scarabino in litt. 6.III.2000). Eastern Pacific: Peru. 40-4085 m. peruvianus, Cadulus (Gadila) Dall, 1908: 361. Recent. Off Point Aguja, Peru, Albatross stn 4654, 1036 fms [1885 m]. Lectotype USNM 110671 (designated by Keen 1971: 965 as “holotype” in caption to figure 21); paralectotypes USNM 122806 (Albatross stn 2807, fide Kabat 1996: 17), USNM 602250; MCZ 27972. Gadila peruviana (Dall, 1908). Eastern Pacific: Peru. 1484-1894 m. † petricola, Dentalium Dall, 1909: 136. Miocene. Astoria and Coos Bay, Oregon; Clallam Bay, Washington, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 3481. Rhabdus petricola (Dall, 1909) (fide Emerson 1958: 93). Remark: because Dall considered Dentalium substriatum (Conrad, 1849) to encompass two species, he proposed this name for the smooth form, and Dentalium conradi Dall [= Dentalium pseudonyma Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898] for the striated form; see Emerson (1958) and Moore (1963: 50, 51) for further discussion. † peyreirense, Dentalium (Antale) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 166, 167, pl. 1, figs 32, 33. Neogene, Helvetian and Tortonian. Peyrère, Saint-Étienned’Orthe and Saint-Jean-de-Marsacq, France. phaneum, Dentalium Dall, 1895: 686, pl. 26, fig. 1. Recent. Hawaii, Albatross stn 3476, 21°09’N, 157°53’E, 298 fms [545 m]; Albatross stn 3475, 21°08’N, 157°43’E, 351 fms [641 m]. Syntypes USNM 107025 (3; stn 3476), USNM 107026 (11; stn 3475). Antalis phanea (Dall, 1895) (fide Scarabino 1995: 233). Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia to French Polynesia and Hawaii. 545-860 m. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) stated that the type material comprises two species, the second potentially new. † phenax, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 472, 473, pl. 11, figs 23, 24. Oligocene. Domincan Republic. Type material ANSP 2883 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 400). philcolmani, Tesseracme Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 77, figs 76B, 77C, D, 79, 81A-D. Recent. 13 km NE of Redcliff Point, Bernier Island, Australia, 24°54’S, 113°17.75’E, 22.5 m. Holotype WAM 233/94; paratypes WAM 118-93 (3), AMS C173310 (1; 18.5 km NNE of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 19°30.31’S, 118°52.49’E, 40 m), AMS C174539 629 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. (1; 50 miles NNE of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 19°29.2-5’S, 118°52.5-3’E , 40-41 m), AMS C174543 (1; N of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 19°29.9-4’S, 118°52.0-3’E, 37 m), AMS C174548 (2; N of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 19°30.5-31.0’S, 118°49.5’E, 39-41 m), AMS C174547 (1; N of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 19°30.5-31.0’S, 118°49.5’E, 39-41 m), AMS C174645 (2; N of Port Hedland, 19°29.69’S, 118°51.7-0’E, 40-41 m). Tesseracme philcolmani Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Western Australia. 40-124 m. † philippi, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 17; 1850: 6. Miocene or Pliocene. Italy. philippi, Dentalium Monterosato, 1872: 27. Tertiary. Sicily, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium philippi Chenu, 1843. Replacement name: Dentalium rectum var. monterosatoi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium striatum Lamarck, 1818 by Philippi (1844). philippii, Dentalium Cossmann, 1907c: 202. Tertiary. Navidad, Chile. Unnecessary replacement name for Dentalium gracile Philippi, 1887 non Moore, 1866 non Hall & Meek, 1855. Junior objective synonym of Dentalium navidadense Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Junior homonym of Dentalium philippi Chenu, 1843 and Monterosato, 1872. philippianum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 212. Tertiary. Navidad and Lebu, Chile. Objective junior synonym of Dentalium parvulum Philippi, 1887. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 212) considered Dentalium parvulum Philippi, 1887 as congeneric with Fustiaria parvula Stoliczka, 1868 and, therefore, introduced D. philippianum as a replacement name. Although the two species belong to Dentalium and Fustiaria respectively, Philippi’s name cannot be restored according to ICZN (1999). philippinarum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 98, 99, pl. 225, fig. 54. Recent. Island of Samar, Philippines. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Laevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767) (fide Scarabino 1995: 291). † phoenicea, Cadulus Gardner, 1933: 199, 200, pl. 20, fig. 2. Eocene, Midway Group, Kincaid Formation. USGS Station 5282, clay from bluff at Webberville, Travis County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 370996. pichoni, Episiphon Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 134, figs 135E, 136G, 140. Recent. Off Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 303 m. Holotype QM MO40064; paratypes QM MO40068 (44), QM MO40065 (32), QM MO40066 (180), AMS C172490 (1; SE of Swains Reefs, Queensland, 22°26.27-20.2’S, 153°17.1317.6’E, 187 m), AMS C172479 (1; c. 160 km N of Croker Island, Northern Territory, 9°30’S, 132°34’E). Episiphon pichoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern and eastern Australia. 18-351 m. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) 630 suggested that the status of E. pichoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-à-vis Gadilina insolita (E.A. Smith, 1894) requires further research. picteti, Dentalium (Dentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 22, 23, pl. 11, fig. 87 [ex Deshayes MS]. Recent. West Indies “?”. Syntype MHNG 1155/15. Junior synonym of Paradentalium americanum (Chenu, 1843) (fide Henderson 1920: 28; fide Scarabino 1975: 183). † pictile, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Tate, 1899: 263, pl. 8, fig. 8. Oligocene. Table Cape, Tasmania, Australia. Holotype and paratype SAM T 1608. Laevidentalium pictile Tate, 1899 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 146, pl. 2, fig. 4). † pilsbryi, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925: 209, 210, pl. 28, fig. 10. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 352726. pilsbryi, Dentalium (Antalis) Rehder, 1942: 69. Recent. Brazil. Holotype (of pseudohexagonum Henderson) USNM 225817. Replacement name for Dentalium pseudohexagonum Henderson, 1920 non Arnold, 1903. Antalis pilsbryi (Rehder, 1942). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Florida to Brazil. 0-15 m. pistis, Dentalium (Graptacme) Winckworth, 1940: 43, fig. 6. Recent. Madras [Chennai, southern India]. Holotype BMNH 1940.7.22.7; paratypes(?) MAM. Paradentalium pistis (Winckworth, 1940) (fide Scarabino 1995: 222). Indian Ocean: India. No bathymetric information available. † planatum, Dentalium Bronn, 1831: 84. Miocene. Castell’Arquato, between Parma and Piacenza, Italy. † planicostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco, 1897: 108, pl. 9, figs 29, 30 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.014 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 307). † planicostatum, Dentalium Hébert, 1855: 374, pl. 29, fig. 11. Cretaceous. Meudon, France. planum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. platamodes, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 519, 520 [Watson 1886: 13, pl. 2, fig. 4]. Recent. West Indies: Culebra Island, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.61-62 (3). Junior synonym: Entalina quadrata Henderson, 1920 (fide Emerson 1952a: 7, 8; Scarabino 1975: 181). Entalina platamodes (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 133). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Florida to Brazil. 200-1400 m. platei, Cadulus (Gadila) Jaeckel, 1932: 311, fig. 9. Recent. Cape Agulhas, South Africa, Valdivia stn 109, 35°19’S, 20°12’E, 126 m. Holotype ZMB 75376. Cadulus platei Jaeckel, 1932. Known from the type locality only. platei, Dentalium (Dentalium) Jaeckel, 1932: 303, 304, text-figs 1, 2. Recent. Southwest Africa, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Valdivia stn 104, 35°16’S, 22°26,7’E, 155 m. Holotype ZMB 75386; paratypes ZMB 78431, ZMB 75387 (1; South Africa, Valdivia stn 84, 16°26.5’S, 11°41.5’E, no depth given; fide Kilias 1995: 176). Junior synonym of Fissidentalium exasperatum (Sowerby, 1903) (fide Barnard 1963a: 347). platensis, Cadulus (Cadulus) Henderson, 1920: 147, 148, pl. 20, fig. 1. Recent. Off Rio de la Plata, USBF stn 2764, 36°42’S, 56°23’W, 11.5 fms [21 m; an obvious error as the coordinates indicate a depth of around 2000 m; V. Scarabino pers. comm.]. Holotype USNM 887476; paratypes USNM 95447, USNM 108172, USNM 108279, USNM 330845, AMNH 148340 (1; off Fernandina, Florida, USBF 2668, 294 fms [537 m]; fide Boyko & Sage 1996: 31). Cadulus platensis Henderson, 1920. Western Atlantic: Georgia (USA) to Brazil. 538-1857 m. platyceras, Dentalium (Compressidens) Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 126, 127, pl. 22, figs 5860. Recent. Port Stephens, Salamander Bay, New South Wales, Australia, 7-15 m [type locality pursuant to ICZN 1999: article 76.2]. Lectotype ANSP 35565 (designated by Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 147); paralectotypes ANSP 35565 (17), AMS C55085 (7; Salamander Bay, Port Stephens, New South Wales, 24 m), AMS C11721 (7; Salamander Bay, Port Stephens, New South Wales, 15-20 m). Compressidens platyceras (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) (fide Scarabino 1995: 370). Pacific Ocean: southeastern Australia. 7-2900 m. platypleurum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Tomlin, 1931: 339, 340. Recent. Off Itongazi River, Natal [South Africa], 25 fms [46 m]. Holotype SAFM A3631. Fissidentalium platypleurum (Tomlin, 1931). Known from the type locality only. platystoma, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 180, pl. 35, figs 17, 18. Recent. Off Manta, Ecuador, USFC stn 2792, 0°37’S, 81°00’W, 401 fms [733 m]. Holotype USNM 107699. Gadila platystoma (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). Known from the type locality only. † playagrandensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Weisbord, 1964: 131, 132, pl. 18, figs 17, 18. Pliocene, Playa Grande Formation. Stn W-24, Quebrada Las Pailas, Venezuela. Holotype PRI 26898. † pleiocenum, Dentalium Tuomey & Holmes, 1856: 105, 106, pl. 25, fig. 2. Pliocene. Pee Dee, South Carolina, USA. † pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco, 1897: 107, 108, pl. 9, fig. 21 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Vezza d’Alba, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.011 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 307). † pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco, 1897: 110, pl. 10, fig. 3. Pliocene. Piacentino and Rio Torsero, Liguria, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.034 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) 308). Remark: if both of Sacco’s (1897) “pliocenica” taxa prove valid species of Fissidentalium (as suggested by the current placement of the species they were described as varieties of) this one will have to be renamed as a junior homonym. † pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalina) mediocarinata subsp. Koperberg, 1931: 33. Pliocene. Locality 6, “Nono Fatoe Fekoe (Toi Oesapi Soka),” Timor. Junior homonym of Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. pliocenica Sacco, 1897 and D. (Entalis) recta var. pliocenica Sacco, 1897. Remark: if both of Sacco’s (1897) “pliocenica” taxa prove to be valid species, Koperberg’s species will have to be renamed as since it is a junior homonym. pluricostatum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 30, pl. 6, figs 6, 7. Recent. Indonesia, Buton Strait, Siboga stn 204, 04°20’S, 122°58’E, 75-94 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.027 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 207); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.025 (1; Bougainville Strait, stn 153, 0°3.8’N, 130°24.3’E, 141 m), ZMA 3.06.026 (3, fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl, in litt. 23.VI.2000; probably 2 specimens lost). Dentalium pluricostatum Boissevain, 1906. Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Philippines. 9-240 m. plurifissuratum, Schizodentalium Sowerby, 1894: 158, 159, pl. 12, fig. 24. Recent. Hong Kong (probably erroneous, fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 83, 84, and fide Scarabino 1995: 257). Lectotype BMNH 1895.4.29.179 (designated by Sowerby 1903: 231; as “the type”); paralectotypes BMNH 1895.4.29. 180, 181 (2). Schizodentalium plurifissuratum Sowerby, 1894. South Africa. 80-564 m. Remark: Sowerby (1894: 159) was uncertain about the origin of the specimens. The subsequently reported material from South Africa renders Hong Kong an unlikely type locality. pluteum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Colman, 1958: 143, 144, fig. 8. Recent. Off Woollongong, New South Wales, Australia, 100 fms [183 m]. Holotype and 4 paratypes AMS C18217. Junior synonym of Laevidentalium erectum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 109). poculum, Cadulus Dall, 1889: 429. Recent. Off St Vincent, West Indies, Blake stn 226, 13°09’05”N, 61°16’20”W, 424 fms [774 m; 646 fms in error in original description]. Lectotype USNM 95374 (designated by Henderson 1920: 109); paralectotypes USNM 887461 (1), MCZ 7743 (1; Cape San Antonio, 640 fms [1168 m]). Polyschides poculum (Dall, 1889) n. comb. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 774-1168 m. Remark: Turner (1955: 319) erroneously stated that MCZ 7743 was the “holotype”. podagrinus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Henderson, 1920: 148, 149, pl. 20, fig. 5. Recent. Off English Harbor, Antigua, 120 fms [219 m]. Holotype USNM 596597; paratypes USNM 314935. Junior synonym: Cadulus halius Henderson, 1920 (n. syn., by 631 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. First Reviser action, according to ICZN 1999: article 24). Cadulus podagrinus Henderson, 1920. Known from the type locality only. politum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1767: 1264 [citing Gualtieri 1742: t. 10. f. F]. Recent(?). Indian Ocean and Sicily. Syntypes LS 614 (2), ZMUU 1012. Fustiaria polita (Linnaeus, 1767) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 128). Indian Ocean. Remarks: Deshayes (1861: 216) considered Linnaeus’ specimens likely to be fossil. Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 128) identified as Dentalium (Fustiaria) politum Recent specimens which Deshayes (1825: 368) and Sowerby (1860: 99) had reported as Laevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767). politum, Dentalium Blainville, 1819: 70, non Linnaeus, 1767. Junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42). politus, Ditrupa S. Wood, 1842: 459, pl. 5, fig. 14. Coralline Crag (Pliocene), Sutton, England, United Kingdom. Type material not located. Junior synonym: Dentalium bifissum S. Wood, 1848 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 144). Dischides politus (S. Wood, 1842) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 144). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean. 9-324 m. politus, Gadus Benoist, 1873: 268, 269. Miocene. Giraudeau, Lagus and Pont-Pourquey, France. Junior secondary homonym of Cadulus politus (S. Wood, 1842). Replacement name: Siphonodentalium (Dischides) subpolitum Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917. polycostatum, Striodentalium Qi & Ma, 1989: 119, 120, fig. 12. Recent. East China Sea, 184 m. Types in IOS(?). Striodentalium polycostatum Qi & Ma, 1989. Indo-Pacific: China Sea. 184 m. † polyedrum, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879: 275. Pliocene, Astian stage. Gallina, Reggio, Calabria, Italy. † polygonum, Dentalium Reuss, 1844: 201, 202. Cretaceous. Wollenitz and Priesen a/d Eger, Bohemia, Czech Republic. polygonum, Dentalium Casey, 1903: 267. Oligocene. Red Bluff, Mississippi, USA. Doubtful syntype USNM Paleobiology 481673 (1) (fide MacNeil & Dockery 1984: 247). Junior homonym of Dentalium polygonum Reuss, 1844. Replacement name: Dentalium casey: n. nom. Remarks: there is a handwritten label in the type lot, with no author, stating that the “specimen associated with this number is not the specimen described 9/8/64 [8 Sept. 1964]”. MacNeil & Dockery (1984: 247, pl. 67, figs 10-13) redescribed this fossil and treated it as a valid species of Dentalium. † polypleurum, Dentalium Seifert, 1959: 25, 26, pl. 1, figs 5, 6. Oligocene. Hoerstgen, Kapellen, Rossenray, Sternberger Gestein, Germany. Holotype Kiel Geologisches Institut No. 738; paratype Kiel Geologisches Institut No. 739. † poncensis, Cadulus Maury, 1920: 47, pl. 7, fig. 13. Tertiary. Maury stn 283, near Ponce, Puerto Rico. 632 ponderi, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 83, 84, figs 82A, 83A, 84. Recent. Off Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, 32°59’S, 152°33.5’E, 444 m. Holotype AMS C174624; paratypes AMS C173468 (1), AMS C307826 (2; NE of Woollongong, New South Wales, 34°18-24’S, 151°26-21’E, 457-484 m), SAM D 18888 (2; 50 km E of Gabo Island, Victoria, Australia, 37°37’S, 150°17’E, 436 m). Fissidentalium ponderi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Pacific Ocean, Tasman Sea: southern Australia. 82-770 m. † ponderosum, Dentalium Gabb, 1873: 244, 245. Tertiary. Dominican Republic. Type material ANSP 2708 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 400). Tesseracme dissimilis var. ponderosum (Gabb, 1873) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898a: 470, pl. 10, figs 1-3, pl. 11, figs 15, 16). porcatum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent. Hong Kong Harbor [China]. Lectotype MCZ 169304 (designated by Johnson 1964: 130 as holotype); paralectotypes USNM 24142 (2). Antalis porcata (Gould, 1859) (fide Scarabino 1995: 228). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Hong Kong. 75-90 m. Remark: the lectotype is missing, with a note in the tray saying “Specimen missing 8-15-77”. † porterensis, Dentalium Weaver, 1912: 79, pl. 13, fig. 113. Lower Miocene, Blakeley Formation. U.W. [University of Washington] Loc. 90, W of Porter, on bluff on north side of Chehalis River, Grays Harbor County, Washington, USA. Holotype CAS 7517 (fide Weaver 1942: 268). Remarks: the type locality was originally indicated as from Chehalis County, and corrected by Weaver (1942) to Grays Harbor County. The holotype of this species was formerly WSM 81 (“U.W. 81”), but many of the Weaver types were subsequently transferred to the CAS (R. Eng in litt. 29.VI.2001). † portlocki, Dentalium Tate, 1870b: 17, pl. 1, fig. 15. Replacement name for Dentalium tenue Portlock, 1843 non Goldfuss, 1841. Jurassic, Liassic. Aghanloo, Ballymaglin and Ballycarton; Magilligan, Craig and Gortmore, Ireland. Holotype Museum of Practical Geology, London, No. 5799 (fide Richardson 1906: 584) (now in BMNH?). Richardson also designated this specimen as the neotype of Laevidentalium minimum (Buckman in Murchison, 1845). Junior objective synonym of Laevidentalium minimum (Buckman in Murchison, 1845). Remark: Woodward (1893: 352) listed this name as a junior synonym of Dentalium etalense Terquem & Piette, 1865, but without any explanation. portoricense, Dentalium (Dentalium) gouldii Henderson, 1920: 30, 31, pl. 2, fig. 5. Recent. Mayaguez Harbor, Puerto Rico, USBF stn 6062, 25-30 fms [46-55 m]. Holotype USNM 161568. Subspecies of Dentalium gouldii Dall, 1889. portoricensis, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 115, 116, pl. 18, fig. 6. Recent. Mayaguez Harbor, Puerto Rico, USBF stn 6062, 25 fms [46 m]. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Holotype USNM 314712. Polyschides portoricensis (Henderson, 1920) n. comb. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 46-86 m. † potiezi, Dentalium (s.s.) Le Renard, 1994: 39. Eocene. Grignon, France. For Dentalium sulcatum Lamarck, 1818 non Schumacher, 1817. Dentalium potiezi Le Renard, 1994 (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). potteri, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 53, 54, figs 44E, 45E, 50A-C, 51. Recent. Off Cairns, northern Queensland, 17°50.67’S, 147°18.2’E, 703 m. Holotype QM MO17888; paratypes QM MO17732 (5), QM MO17766 (1; 17°51’S, 147°18’E, north Queensland, 703 m), AMS C201739 (1; 17°51’S, 147°18’E, north Queensland, 703 m). Dentalium potteri Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia. 410-703 m. † praecursor, Dentalium (Compressidens) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 472, pl. 11, figs 12-14. Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Type material ANSP 2717 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 400). praecursor, Dentalium Mayer-Eymar, 1904: 312, 313 [description; 1903: 283 name only]. Tertiary. Hélouan and Wadi el Fih, Egypt. Junior homonym of Dentalium praecursor Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898; junior synonym of Dentalium kahirahense Cossmann, 1901 (fide Oppenheim 1906: 214, 215). † praetenuis, Cadulus Stephenson, 1952: 143, pl. 34, figs 7-9. Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian, Woodbine Formation. Grayson County Locality 154, gullies south of the old Sherman road, 2.8 miles E of Whitesboro, Grayson County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 105616; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 105616-105618. pressum, Dentalium (Compressidens) Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 124, 125, pl. 22, figs 50-52, pl. 7, fig. 11. Recent. Culebra Island, West Indies, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Holotype (of compressum Watson) BMNH 1887.2.9.35. Replacement name for Dentalium compressum Watson, 1879 non d’Orbigny, 1850. Compressidens pressum (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). Western Atlantic: Blake Plateau (off the USA coast between Cape Hatteras and Florida) to Brazil. 170-1430 m. pretiosum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 97, pl. 225, fig. 57 [ex Nuttall MS]. Recent. California. Syntypes BMNH 1950.11.8.4-7. Junior synonyms: Dentalium indianorum Carpenter, 1864; Antalis columbiana Clessin, 1896; A. denseliratum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 45, 1898: 250). Antalis pretiosa (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 44). Eastern Pacific: Canada to California. 2-152 m. † primarium, Dentalium Hall, 1858: 666, pl. 23, fig. 16. Carboniferous. Warsaw Group, Hancock County, Illinois, USA. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) prionotum, Siphonodentalium Watson, 1879: 522, 523 [Watson 1886: 16, pl. 2, fig. 9]. Recent. Raine Island, Cape York, Queensland, Australia, Challenger stn 185, 11°35’S, 143°03’E, 155 fms [283 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1887.52.9.67 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 116); paralectotypes BMNH 1887.52.9.68 (3). Dischides prionotus (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 146). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, Madagascar to Australia. 8284 m. Remark: Lamprell & Healy (1998: 167) independently selected the same lectotype. † priscum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 2, pl. 166, fig. 3 [ex Münster MS]. Carboniferous. Tournay, Belgium. Remark: as nomen nudum in Sandberger (1842: 399). † prisma, Dentalium Dall, 1892: 442, pl. 15, fig. 5. Pliocene. Caloosahatchie River, Florida, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 112742 (3 + fragments). Remark: Schuchert et al. (1905: 220) cited USNM 112742 as the “holotype” but did not specify which syntype was to be the holotype, so this does not constitute a valid lectotype designation. † prismaticum, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879: 117, pl. 11, figs 49, 49a. Miocene. Reggio, Calabria, Italy. profundorum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1894: 167, 168, pl. 4, fig. 18. Recent. Colombo, Sri Lanka, India, Investigator stn 167, 6°32’N, 79°37’E, 675 fms [1234 m]. Lectotype ZSI M60/1 (fide label in BMNH) or ZSI 4120/7 (fide list at BMNH) (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 93 as holotype); paralectotypes BMNH 1894.9.11.11. Junior synonym: Fissidentalium lima Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1963 (fide Habe 1964: 13). Fissidentalium profundorum (E. A. Smith, 1894) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 79). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Japan and New Caledonia. 40-3560 m. † proliferum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, fig. 5; 1850: 6. Pliocene/Miocene. Italy. promontorii, Cadulus Barnard, 1963b: 353, fig. 30h-l (nomen nudum in Barnard 1963a: 446). Recent. Off Cape Point, South Africa, 700 fms [1278 m]. Syntypes SAFM A7460 (4; fide Giles & Gosliner 1983: 41), NMW. Siphonodentalium promontorii (Barnard, 1963) (fide Scarabino 1995: 331). South Africa. 850-1280 m. propinquus, Cadulus G. O. Sars, 1878: 106, 107, pl. 20, fig. 15a, b, pl. I, fig. 5. Recent. Finmark and west coast of Norway, 100-450 fms [183-821 m]. Syntypes ZMO 26071-72. Cadulus propinquus G. O. Sars, 1878. Eastern Atlantic: Europe and North Africa. 60-2300 m. † prosperus, Cadulus (Gadilopsis) Marwick, 1931: 159, pl. 18, fig. 346. Miocene, Tongaporutuan, Ihungia and Tutamoe Series. Waikohu, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM4816 (fide Keyes 1972: 97). Striocadulus prosperus (Marwick, 1931) (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424). † prosseri, Plagioglypta Morningstar, 1922: 245, 246, pl. 16, figs 3, 4. Carboniferous, Lower Pennsylvanian. 633 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Lower Mercer Limestone (Perry County, Muskingum County and Licking County); McArthur Limestone (Jackson County and Vinton County), Ohio, USA. Type material USNM Paleobiology 340010 (1) (Bald Knob, 2 miles southeast of Newark, Licking County, Ohio). † proteiforme, Dentalium Cossmann, 1910: 81, 82, pl. 5, figs 26-28. Pliocene. Kariakal [Karikal], India. Three syntypes stated to be in the Bonnet collection. † proterum, Dentalium (Dentalium) armillatum subsp. Woodring, 1973: 482, pl. 71, figs 8, 17. Late Oligocene, Caimito Formation. USGS locality 18841, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Panama. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 646697. Synonym of Dentalium armillatum Toula, 1911. † protuberans, Pipadentalium Yoo, 1988: 249, 250, figs 152-154. Early Carboniferous, Late Tournaisian, Dangarfield Formation. Locality A-3, 2.6 km SW of Gundy, Upper Hunter, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype AMS F.61998; paratype AMS F.61999 (1). providensis, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 122, pl. 18, fig. 14. Recent. Off Old Providence Island, Bahamas, USBF stn 2150, 13°34’45”N, 81°21’10”W, 382 fms [696 m]. Holotype USNM 94055; paratypes USNM 108176, AMNH 148352 (1; USBF stn 2668, 294 fms [537 m]; fide Boyko & Sage 1996: 31). Gadila providensis (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 536-696 m. Remark: the subgenus Platyschides was put in synonymy with Gadila by Scarabino (1995: 196, 355). † prudens, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 49, pl. 5, fig. 3. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-076. † pseudacutum, Fissidentalium novaki subsp. R. Janssen, 1989: 81, 82, pl. 1, figs 1-12. Middle Oligocene, Rupelian. Welschberg, near Waldböckelheim, Mainzer Becken, Germany. Holotype SMF 308300; paratypes SMF 308301/6, SMF 308302/7, SMF 308303/25, SMF 308304/100, RGM 229723/10. † pseudaprina, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. Sacco, 1897: 102, pl. 8, figs 59, 60 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.051, BS.106.02.052 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 305). † pseudellipticum, Laevidentalium n. nom. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf, Germany. Replacement name for Dentalium (Laevidentalium) ellipticum Koenen, 1892 non Dentalium ellipticum J. Sowerby, 1814. † pseudoantalis, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 345 [original spelling pseudo-antalis]. Tertiary. Grignon, France. Junior synonym: Dentalium pseudoentalis Defrance, 1819 (fide Deshayes 1825: pl. 1, figs 46). Remarks: a valid species of Dentalium (Entaliopsis) (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard 634 & Pacaud 1995: 85). Dentalium pseudoentalis [Defrance, 1819: 72] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † pseudobouei, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco, 1897: 108, pl. 9, fig. 23 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.012 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 307). † pseudocircinata, Fustiaria Gougerot, 1968: 235, 236, pl. 1, fig. 2 [original spelling pseudo-circinata]. Eocene, Upper Lutetian, Paris Basin. Montmirail, Seine-et-Marne, France. Fustiaria pseudocircinata Gougerot, 1968 (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). pseudoentalis, see pseudoantalis. pseudoentalis, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851: 17, 18, pl. 1, fig. 2. Recent. “Golfo Tarantino” [Italy]. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Antalis panorma (Chenu, 1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 54; as “pseudo-antalis” non Lamarck, 1818; misspelling corrected by Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 250). † pseudofissura, Dentalium (Antalis) R. Janssen, 1978a: 14-16, pl. 1, figs 1, 2, pl. 4, fig. 1; 1978b: 139, 140, pl. 9, fig. 3. Upper Oligocene. Kasseler Meeressand, Tagebau Höllkopf, near Glimmerode, Niederhessen, Germany. Holotype SMF 245901 ; paratypes SMF 245902, SMF 245903. For Dentalium fissura auct. (reported from the Upper Oligocene) non Lamarck, 1818. pseudohexagonum, Dentalium Arnold, 1903: 186, 187, pl. 8, figs 12, 12a [ex Dall MS]. Pliocene (San Pedro Series) and Pleistocene. Deadman Island; San Pedro; San Diego, California. Junior synonym of Dentalium neohexagonum Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897. Remark: Arnold described this taxon as a new species, even though he listed D. neohexagonum as a synonym; thus, Arnold’s name was published in synonymy and is, thus, not available. pseudohexagonum, Dentalium (Antalis) Henderson, 1920: 46, 47, pl. 6, figs 1-3 [ex Ihering MS]. [Recent]. Brazil. Holotype USNM 225817. Junior homonym of Dentalium pseudohexagonum Arnold, 1903; replacement name: Dentalium (Antalis) pilsbryi Rehder, 1941: 96. Antalis pilsbryi Rehder, 1942 (fide Scarabino 1975: 183). pseudohexagonum “Deshayes, 1825”, see pseudosexagonum. † pseudohungaricus, Cadulus (Gadila) Szöts, 1953: 81 [Hungarian], 203 [French], pl. 7, figs 53, 54. Eocene. Gánti-szölök, Hosszúharasztos and Újfeltárás, Hungary. Lectotype Hungarian Geological Institute E.180 (designated by Boda 1964: 67 as “holotype”). Remark: this species was described from three localities in Hungary. Boda (1964: 67), by stating that the specimen from Hosszúharasztos was the holotype, selected that specimen as the lectotype and restricted the type locality. pseudolivi, Cadulus (Gadila) Boissevain, 1906: 73, 74, pl. 6, fig. 67, text-fig. 36. Recent. Banda Sea, Siboga ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) stn 211, 05°40.7’S, 120°45.5’E, 1158 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.101. Gadila pseudolivae (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 364). Known from type locality only. Remark: holotype incorrectly cited as a syntype by Scarabino (1995: 364) (fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl, in litt. 23.VI.2000). † pseudomutabile, Lentigodentalium R. Janssen, 1989: 85, 86, pl. 1, figs 10-13. Miocene, Hemmoorian/ Reinbekian. Twistringen, Niedersachsen, Germany. Holotype SMF 308312; paratypes SMF 308313, SMF 308314, SMF 308315/50; RGM 227725. † pseudonyma, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 213. Miocene. Astoria, Oregon, USA. Type specimen lost. Moore (1963: 50) selected the illustration in Conrad (1849: pl. 20, fig. 7a) as the lectotype of this species. Replacement name for Teredo substriata Conrad, 1849 non Dentalium substriatum Deshayes, 1825. Remark: Dentalium conradi Dall, 1909, an unnecessary replacement name, is a junior synonym; see Emerson (1958) for further discussion. † pseudorakhiense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Eames, 1952: 6, pl. 1, figs 3a, 3b. Eocene. Rakhia Nala section, Upper Chocolate Clays, near Rakhi Gaj, Pakistan. Holotype BMNH G.68014. pseudosexagonum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 358 [38], pl. 16, figs 14-16. Recent. Type locality not specified. Lectotype and 5 paralectotypes MNHN (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 63). Paradentalium pseudosexagonum (Deshayes, 1825). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to China Sea and Australia. 3-499 m. Dentalium (Paradentalium) pseudohexagonum “Deshayes, 1825” [Habe & Kosuge, 1964: 1] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † pukaea, Fissidentalium Maxwell, 1992: 185, pl. 30, figs a-d. Eocene. NZGS localities GS9508 and GS 11200, Waihao River, near McCulloch’s Bridge, South Canterbury, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM7225; numerous paratypes, NZGS. pulcherrimus, Cadulus (Gadila) Boissevain, 1906: 74, 75, pl. 6, figs 58, 59, text-fig. 38. Recent. Flores Sea, Siboga stn 314, 07°36’S, 117°30.8’E, 694 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.104 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 334); paralectotype ZMA 3.06.105 (5). Striocadulus pulcherrimus (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 334). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia. 530-694 m. † pulchrum, Dentalium Wilckens, 1911: 30, 31, pl. 1, fig. 38. Tertiary. Seymour Island, Antarctica. Holotype SMNH 2968 (fide Stilwell & Zinsmeister 1992: 173). Dentalium (Dentalium) pulchrum Wilckens, 1911 (fide Stilwell & Zinsmeister 1992: 173, 174). punctatostriatum, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861: 274. Triassic. Lodensee, Germany. Nomen nudum. pusillum, Dentalium Philippi, 1836. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. pusillum, Dentalium (Ditrupa “?”) Gabb, 1864: 139, pl. 21, fig. 99. Cretaceous. NE of Martinez; Alizos ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Creek, near Fort Téjon; and Tuscan Springs, California, USA. Lectotype ANSP 79582 (designated by Emerson 1957: 988, 989, pl. 26, figs 1, 5) (from Martinez); paralectotype ANSP 79583. Junior homonym of Dentalium pusillum Philippi, 1836. Replacement name: Cadulus gabbi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Remark: Gabb (1869: 230) transferred this species to “Gadus”. pusillum, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 520 [Watson 1886: 14, pl. 2, fig. 6]. Recent. Palma, Canaries, Challenger stn 85, 28°42’N, 18°06’W, 1125 fms [2025 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.64 (2). Pulsellum pusillum (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 140). Known from the type locality only. pygmaeus, Dentalium Defrance, 1819. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † pyrum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 472, pl. 11, figs 6, 7. Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Type material ANSP 2714 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 400). † qingyanicum, Prodentalium Stiller, 2001: 626-630, figs 5.8-5.12, 6. Upper Anisian, Middle Triassic. Bangtoupo, NNE of Qingyan, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Holotype GPIM B6D1.S3.Fbt-1; paratypes GPIM B6D-1.S3.F30-1, GPIM B6D-1.S3.F30-2, GPIM B6D-1.S3.Fbt-2. quadrangulare, Dentalium Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832: 29. Recent. Xipixapi [West Colombia], 7-11 fms [13-20 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1950.11.8.10-14. Junior synonym: Dentalium fisheri Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 (fide Emerson 1956: 2). Tesseracme quadrangularis (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fide Emerson 1956: 2). Eastern Pacific: Baja California to Ecuador. 0-37 m. quadrangulare, Dentalium Deshayes, 1835: 132, pl. 26, fig. 14. Mesozoic. Morea, Peloponnesus, Greece. Junior homonym of Dentalium quadrangulare Broderip & Sowerby, 1832. Replacement name: Dentalium subquadrangulare Emerson, 1954. quadrangularis, Entalina Boissevain, 1906: 62, 63, text-fig. 28, pl. 6, figs 73-75, 85, 86. Recent. Off Kai-Islands [Indonesia], Siboga stn 256, 5°26.6’S, 132°32.5’E, 397 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.081 (designated by Habe 1964: 39; and unnecessarily by Scarabino, 1995: 300); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.082 (1; Celebes Sea, Siboga stn 88, 0°34.6’N, 119°08.5’E, 1301 m), ZMA 3.06.083 (Halmahera Sea, Siboga stn 151, 0°12.6’S, 129°48’E, 845 m). Junior synonym of Entalina mirifica (E.A. Smith, 1895) (fide Scarabino 1995: 300). Remarks: Habe (1964: 39) gave the wrong type locality (Siboga stn 88) for the lectotype specimen (fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl, in litt. 23.VI.2000). Entalina quadriangularis [Habe 1963: 271] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. quadrangulatum, Dentalium “Klipstein.” Manuscript name; see Dentalium klipsteini Kittl, 1891. † quadrangulatum, Dentalium Hu & Lee, 1991: 121, figs 18, 19, 29-31. Pliocene. Henchun Peninsula, 635 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Maan Mountain, Taiwan. Holotype NMT 296; paratypes NMT 296a-d. Remark: this species probably belongs to the genus Entalina. † quadrangulum, Dentalium Assmann, 1937: 98, pl. 18, fig. 22. Triassic. Gorasdze, Upper Silesia, Poland. quadrapicale, Dentalium Hanley in Sowerby, 1860: 103, pl. 225, fig. 61. Recent. Cochin, Malabar, Southwest India. Lectotype BMNH 1907.10.28. 147 (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 103 as holotype); paralectotypes BMNH 1907.10.28.148149 (2). Junior synonyms: Dentalium dipsycha Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897; Dentalium conspicuum Melvill, 1897 (fide Scarabino 1995: 222). Tesseracme quadrapicalis (Hanley in Sowerby, 1860) (fide Plate 1908a: 350). Indo-Pacific: Africa to northern Australia. 6-743 m. Remark: Habe & Kosuge (1964: 5) synonymized T. tetrapleura (Boissevain, 1906) with this species. quadrata, Entalina Henderson, 1920: 88, pl. 15, figs 2, 3, 6, 10. Recent. Off Grenada [Lesser Antilles], Blake stn 248, 12°02’35”N, 61°47’15”W, 159 fms [290 m]. Holotype USNM 95354 (formerly a syntype of Dentalium callithrix Dall, 1889). Junior secondary homonym of Entalina quadrata (Martin, 1885). Junior synonym of Entalina platamodes (Watson, 1879) (fide Emerson 1952a: 7, 8; Scarabino 1975: 181). † quadratum, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 190, pl. 10, fig. 191; 1887: 190, pl. 10, fig. 191. Miocene. Grissee, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7290 (5) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). Junior secondary homonym: Entalina quadrata Henderson, 1920. Entalina quadrata (Martin, 1885) (fide Martin 1919: 69). quadriangularis, see quadrangularis. quadricostatum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 58. Recent. Princess Charlotte Bay, Queensland, Australia, 13 fms [24 m]. Lectotype AMS C170763 (ex AMS 94ii) (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 78); paralectotypes AMS C308638 (11), AMS C170762 (11; Katow, New Guinea, 8 fms [15m]), AMS C170761 (1; York Island, Torres Strait, 13 fms [24m]). Eudentalium quadricostatum (Brazier, 1877) (fide Cotton & Godfrey 1933: 140). IndoPacific: northern Australia and New Guinea. 9-124 m. quadridentatum, Siphonodentalium Dall, 1881: 36. Recent. West coast of Florida, 30 fms [55 m]. Holotype MCZ 7739. Junior synonym of Polyschides tetraschistus (Watson, 1879) (fide Scarabino 1980: 11). Remark: Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55) recognized quadridentatum as a valid species of Polyschides without justifying the rejection of Scarabino’s synonymy. quadrifissatus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 150, 151, pl. 29, figs 10-13 [ex Carpenter MS]. Recent. San Pedro; San Diego, California [32°45’N, 117°10’W], 10 fms [18 m]. Syntypes USNM 19462 (1), ANSP 35583 (1). Polyschides 636 quadrifissatus (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). Eastern Pacific: California. 18 m. Remark: this species was placed in Siphonodentalium by Keen (1971: 890) and Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55). † quadriturritus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886: 65, pl. 3, figs 7, 7a. Eocene. Red Bluff, Mississippi, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 644578 (as “holotype” in MacNeil & Dockery 1984: 248, 249). † quatuordecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco, 1897: 105, pl. 8, figs 76, 77 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.067, BS.106.02.068 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306). † quenstedti, Dentalium Blake, 1875: 226 (citing Quenstedt 1857: 797, pl. 98, fig. 20). Jurassic. Söflingen, Germany. Remark: Blake (1875) based this species upon a figure: “Quenstedt does not give a name to the Dentalium figured by him, which does not appear to differ from those found in the Kimmeridge Clay generally throughout England. I therefore propose the above name in accordance with a now accepted custom”. † quindeciesstriatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1853: 137; pl. 3, fig. 19. Pliocene. Zukowce, Volhynia, Ukraine. Replacement name for Dentalium striatum Eichwald, 1830 non Born, 1778. Antalis quindeciesstriata (Eichwald, 1853) (fide Harzhauser 2002). quinquangulare, Dentalium Forbes, 1844: 135, 188. Recent. Aegean Sea, 80-230 fms [46-420 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1948.2.11.6-8 [3 syntypes in bad condition], BMNH 1948.4.8.28 (1). Junior synonym of Entalina tetragona (Brocchi, 1814) (fide Monterosato 1872: 27). quinquangulare, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861: 397, 409. Triassic. Bavaria, Germany. Junior homonym of Dentalium quinquangulare Forbes, 1844. Replacement name: Dentalium pentagonale Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. † quitus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941: 48, 49, pl. 10, figs 9, 10. Pliocene, Canoa Formation. Punta Blanca, western Ecuador. Holotype ANSP 13719 ; paratype ANSP 13718. radicula, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † radiolineata, Dentalium Clark, 1918: 192, pl. 22, fig. 12. Oligocene, San Ramon Formation. Near Mount Diablo, California, USA. Holotype UCMP 11227. † radula, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738, 3739 [citing Schröter 1784a: 530 n. 9]. Miocene. Piedmont, Italy. Junior synonym: Dentalium asperum Michelotti, 1847 (fide Sacco 1897: 111). Coccodentalium radula (Gmelin, 1791) (fide Sacco 1896: 98). † radularis, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 95. Miocene. Piedmont, Italy. Remark: it is not apparent whether this name is an emendation of Dentalium radula Gmelin. † rakhiense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Eames, 1952: 5, 6, pl. 1, figs 2a, 2b. Eocene. Rakhi Nala ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) section, Upper Chocolate Clays, near Rakhi Gaj, Pakistan. Holotype BMNH G.68007. † raricostata, Dentalium (Antale) fossile var. Sacco, 1897: 100, pl. 8, figs 32-41 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene/Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.028BS.106.02.034 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 304, pl. 56, fig. 5). † raricostata, Dentalium (Coccodentalium) radula var. Sacco, 1897: 111, pl. 10, figs 19-21 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. San Agata, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.04.012, BS.106.04. 014 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 308). † rarinodosum, Dentalium haeringense var. Báldi, Horvath & Makk, 1974: 27, pl. 2, fig. 11. Paleocene, Kiscellian. Budafok, S of Budapest, Hungary. rastridens, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 525 [Watson 1886: 19, pl. 3, fig. 3]. Recent. Culebra Island, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.73-75 (completely disintegrated), BMNH 1994043 (11). Gadila rastridens (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 174). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 500712 m. † raymondi, Prodentalium Young, 1942: 120, 121, pl. 20, figs 3-6, 8, 12. Pennsylvanian, Magdalena Group. Near Talpa, Sangre de Cristo mountains, northern New Mexico, USA. Holotype MCZ Invertebrate Paleontology 27938. razzorei, Cadulus (Gadila) Caprotti, 1979: 248, 249, pl. 15, figs 1-7. Lower Pliocene. Rio Torsero, Liguria, Italy. Holotype MSNM I 5569. Remark: Caprotti (1979: 248) proposed this name for “Gadila gadus var. gadula” Sacco, 1897 [ex Doderlein MS], which Caprotti did not consider to be a valid name. However, Ruggieri (1980: 95, 96) demonstrated that Sacco’s usage constitutes a valid description; thus, C. (G.) razzorei is an junior synonym of gadula Sacco, 1897 (see also Pavia 1991: 137, 138). † readi, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 184. Triassic, Carnian. Seiser Alp, Tirol, Austria. Replacement name for Dentalium simile Read in Broili, 1907 non Dentalium simile Wissmann, 1841 nec Giunti, 1859. Laevidentalium readi (Emerson, 1954) (fide Stiller 2001: 622). rebecaense, see rebeccaense. rebeccaense, Dentalium (Dentalium) Henderson, 1920: 31, 32, pl. 3, fig. 2. Recent. Between Tortugas and Rebecca Shoals, Florida, Eolis stn 33, 16 fms [29 m]. Holotype USNM 314293; paratypes USNM 314294 (25), AMNH 148314 (1). Junior synonym of Paradentalium americanum (Chenu, 1843) (fide Scarabino 1975: 183). Dentalium rebecaense [Scarabino in Rios 1975: 183; 1994: 305] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. recta, Cadulus strangulatus var. Locard, 1898: 136. Recent. Type locality not specified. Type material ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) not located. Synonym of Gadila strangulata (Locard, 1897). rectius, Dentalium Carpenter, 1864: 648. Recent. Puget Sound [Washington, USA]. Lectotype USNM 5283 (designated by Palmer 1958: 118, 119, pl. 17, figs 1, 2, as “holotype”); paralectotype MCZ 178535 (1). Junior synonym: Rhabdus watsoni Pilsbry & Sharp 1897 (fide Shimek 1998: 83). Rhabdus rectius (Carpenter, 1864) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 113). Eastern Pacific: Alaska to California. 91-1794 m. Remarks: although Carpenter’s (1864: 648) description was rather cursory, the name must be considered available notwithstanding the claim by Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 114) that this species was not described by Carpenter until the following year (Carpenter 1865: 59). Shimek (1998: 83) listing of Rhabdus dalli Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 in synonymy with this species remains to be confirmed. † rectiusculum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 583 [nomen nudum in Eichwald 1846: 425]. Carboniferous [“Bergkalke”]. Kasakendörfer, Russia. Remark: figured by Eichwald (1860: 1062, 1063, pl. 40, fig. 12); locality given as Kasatschy-datschy, Ural, near Serpoukhow, Russia. rectum, Dentalium (Episiphon) kiaochowwanense var. Tchang & Tsi, 1950: 7, 8, pl. 1, figs 7, 8. Recent. Kiaochow Bay [China], stn 331, 10 m. Holotype ASP 3261; 6 paratypes ASP 3261, ASP 2897 (13; stn 314, 5 m). Synonym of Episiphon kiaochowwanense (Tchang & Tsi, 1950). † rectum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citing Gualtieri 1742: t. 10. f. H; Martini, 1769: I. t. I. f. 4A; Schröter, 1784b, 4 t. 3. f. 5]. Type locality not specified. Type material not located. Junior synonyms: Dentalium striatum Link, 1807 (based upon the same figure from Schröter, 1784b); Dentalium sulcatum Schumacher, 1817) (based upon the same figure from Martini, 1769); Dentalium crassum Salis Marschlins, 1793 (cited the same figures as Gmelin); Fissidentalium delessertianum (Chenu, 1843) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 213; Caprotti 1979: 223). Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 81) synonymized Dentalium elephantinum “Linnaeus” Deshayes, 1825, partim with Dentalium rectum and used Deshayes’ locality information, “India”, to indicate a Recent occurrence, which they later corrected by citing Fischer (Pilsbry & Sharp: 1898: 252). Fischer (1883) reported this species as living in the Eastern Atlantic, which was questioned by Caprotti (1979: 223, 224). Thus, Fissidentalium rectum is considered to be a valid fossil species but not a Recent one. recurvum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 30. Recent. Junior synonym of ?Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 2; with the epithet “ by error?”, probably applying to Deshayes new species). reesi, Cadulus (Gadila) Ludbrook, 1954: 115, fig. 20. Recent. Zanzibar area, John Murray Exp. stn 105B, 637 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. 5°34’24”-37’S, 39°14’06”-36”E, 238-293 m. Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.150; paratypes BMNH 1952.3.25.390-BMNH 1952.3.25.394, BMNH 1952.3.25.385-BMNH 1952.3.25.388 (3; stn 176, Gulf of Aden, 12°04’06”N, 50°38’3”E, 655-732 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.389 (1; stn 179B, Gulf of Aden, 12°02’06”N, 50°40’1”E, 275 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.395-BMNH 1952.3.25.401 (7; stn 191, Gulf of Aden, 13°46’3”N, 47°48’5”E, 274 m). Junior synonym of Gadila boissevainae (Jaeckel, 1932) (fide Scarabino 1995: 358). reevei, Dentalium Fischer, 1871: 212 [ex Deshayes MS]. Recent. Suez, Red Sea. Lectotype MNHN (designated by Scarabino 1995: 204; the remaining syntypes were not located by Scarabino). Junior synonyms: Dentalium lineolatum Cooke, 1885; Dentalium laugieri Jousseaume, 1894 (fide Ludbrook 1954: 98; Singer 2003: 14). Dentalium reevei Fischer, 1871. Red Sea. 15-120 m. Remark: Singer (2003) restricted the distribution of D. reevei to the Red Sea. † regium, Dentalium Assmann, 1937: 97, 98, pl. 18, figs 19-21. Triassic. Gorasdze and Greater Strehlitz, Upper Silesia, Poland. Laevidentalium regium (Assmann, 1937) (fide Stiller 2001: 622). regulare, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1903: 393, pl. 15, fig. 2. Recent. Port Shepstone, Natal, South Africa. Syntypes BMNH 1903.9.9.24, BMNH 1903.7.26. 29-32. Dentalium regulare E. A. Smith, 1903. Indian Ocean: South Africa. 10-22 m. regulare, Dentalium Ahlburg, 1906: 86, 87, pl. 3, fig. 2. Triassic. Granietz, Upper Silesia, Poland. Junior homonym of Dentalium regulare E. A. Smith, 1903; replacement name: Dentalium subregulare Palmer, 1974. regulare, Dentalium (Dentalium) laqueatum var. Henderson 1920: 26, pl. 1, fig. 8. Recent. Jamaica, 73-140 fms [78-256 m]. Holotype USNM 107887. Junior homonym of Dentalium regulare E. A. Smith, 1903 and Ahlburg, 1906. Replacement name: Dentalium invalidum Emerson, 1954. regularis, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 137, pl. 19, fig. 14. Recent. Off Cape Canaveral, Florida, USBF stn 2660, 28°40’10”N, 78°46’W, 504 fms [919 m]. Holotype USNM 887475; paratypes USNM 108175, USNM 108278, USNM 330675, AMNH 148341 (21; stn 2668, 294 fms [537 m], off Fernandina, Florida; fide Boyko & Sage 1996: 31). Gadila regularis (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 536-919 m. † rei, Fissidentalium “?” Maxwell, 1992: 186, pl. 30, figs e, f. Eocene. NZGS localities GS1162, GS3274, GS11200, GS4872, Waihao River, near McCulloch’s Bridge, South Canterbury, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM7227; numerous paratypes NZGS. † reticulatum, Dentalium Tournouër in de Boullé, 1873: 466 [40], pl. 6, fig. 13. Eocene, Auversian. Peyrehorade, Adour Basin, southwestern France. 638 Remark: the original description was reprinted by Boussac (1911a: 33). reussianum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851: 70, 71. Cretaceous: Turonian. Visé, Belgium. Junior synonym of Dentalium cidaris Geinitz, 1850 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 220). † rex, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 214. Replacement name for Dentalium giganteum Chenu, 1842 non Phillips, 1829. rhabdotum, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1905: 116, 117, pl. 5, figs 45-47. Recent. Heda, Izu, Japan. Syntypes ANSP 88319 (2), ANSP A4085 (1). Striodentalium rhabdotum (Pilsbry, 1905) (fide Okutani 1966: 12). IndoPacific: China Sea and Japan to New Caledonia. 61-1350 m. Remark: Scarabino (1995: 240) stated that ANSP 88319 was the “holotype” but there are two syntypes in that lot, so Scarabino’s statement does not constitute a valid lectotype designation. † rhenanus, Dentalium R. Janssen, 1978b: 141, pl. 9, figs 4, 5. Oligocene, Chattian. Schacht Diergardt, Rumeln, near Moers, Niederrhein-Gebeit, Germany. Holotype SMF 250385a. † rhodani, Dentalium Pictet & Roux, 1849: 150, 151, pl. 27, figs 13a-13e. Cretaceous. Rhône and Saxonet, France. “rhotomagense”, Dentalium – d’Orbigny 1850 (volume 2): 156. Cretaceous, Cenomanian. Rouen, France. Incorrect original spelling of Dentalium rothomagense. Remark: Rothomagus was the Latin name of Rouen. † richardsoni, Dentalium Cossmann, 1907b: 172, 173. Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Railway-cutting, Dixton West, near Gotherington, near Cheltenham, England, United Kingdom. Replacement name for Dentalium acutum Richardson, 1906 non Hébert, 1849. Objective junior synonym: Dentalium acutoides Emerson, 1954. Laevidentalium richardsoni (Cossmann, 1907) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 37). richardsoni, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 184. Jurassic, Sinemurian. Honeybourne, near Evesham, England, United Kingdom. Replacement name for Dentalium subquadratum Richardson, 1906 non Meek, 1860, itself a junior homonym of Dentalium richardsoni Cossmann, 1907; replacement name: Dentalium sabrinae Engeser & Riedel, 1992. † rigauxi, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) Fischer & Vadet, 1985: 5, pl. 1, figs 8a, 8b. Middle Jurassic, Bathonian. Hydrequent, Pas de Calais, France. Holotype MHNB 115. Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium entaloides EudesDeslongchamps, 1842 by Cossmann (1885). † rimosum, Dentalium Böse, 1906: 55, 56, pl. 3, fig. 1. Upper Miocene, Division Rio Coatzacoalcos. Kilometres 123-124 del Ferrocarril de Tehuantepec, Mexico. Holotype UNAM 16374 (fide Alencaster Ibarra 1950: 222, fig. 1). rioense, Dentalium (Dentalium) texasianum Henderson, 1920: 29, pl. 2, figs 2, 3. Recent. East ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) of Rio de Janeiro, USBF stn 2762, 23°08’S, 41°34’W, 59 fms [108 m]. Holotype USNM 96114. Junior synonym of Paradentalium americanum (Chenu, 1843) (fide Scarabino 1975: 183). † ripleyanum, Dentalium Gabb, 1860: 393, pl. 69, fig. 48. Cretaceous, Ripley Group. Eufala, Alabama, USA. † robusta, Plagioglypta Detre, 1993: 164, pl. 1. Upper Permian. Bükk Mountains, NE of Nagyvisnó, Hungary. robustum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 56. Recent. Katow, New Guinea, 8 fms [15 m]. Lectotype AMS C170765 (designated by Ponder & Stanbury 1972: 53); paralectotypes AMS C170766 (3). Dentalium robustum Brazier, 1877. Indo-Pacific: New Guinea, northern Australia. 13-3150 m. robustum, Dentalium Maurer, 1885: 233, 234, pl. 10, fig. 1. Middle Devonian. Grube Rothe Erde, near Giessen, Germany. Junior homonym of Dentalium robustum Brazier, 1877. Replacement name: Laevidentalium patriciae Engeser & Riedel, 1992. rosea, Dentalium dentale var. Dautzenberg, 1884: 302 [ex Monterosato MS]. Recent. Mediterranean Sea: Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia. Type material not located. Synonym of Antalis dentalis (Linnaeus, 1767). Remark: Dautzenberg appears to be the first author to have validated Monterosato’s (1878) nomen nudum. rosea, Dentalium vulgaris var. Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882: 561. Recent. Beach of SaintBriac, Côtes d’Amor, France. Synonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778). rossati, Dentalium (Antalis) Caprotti, 1966: 194-196, fig. 11. Recent. Shiqmona Bay, Haifa, Israel. Holotype and 9 paratypes in MSNM. Antalis rossati (Caprotti, 1966). Mediterranean. 3-25 m. rossoi, Cadulus (Cadulus) Nicklès, 1979: 62, textfig. 18, pl. 1, figs IV, V. Recent. Off Cape Vert, Senegal, Atlantide stn 10-1-56A, 150-250 m. Holotype and paratypes MNHN. Cadulus rossoi Nicklès, 1979. Eastern Atlantic, Africa. 150-250 m. † rothomagense, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852 (Index): 59. Cretaceous, Cenomanian. Rouen, France. Emendation of Dentalium rhotomagense d’Orbigny, 1850. Remark: Rothomagus was the Latin name of Rouen. † rotundatior, Dentalium inaequale var. Sacco, 1897: 96, pl. 7, figs 74, 75 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.024, BS.106.01.025 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 302). † rotundosimplex, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897: 96, pl. 7, figs 91, 92 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.040, BS.106.01.041 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 303). † rotundulina, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897: 96, pl. 7, figs 89, 90 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.038, BS.106.01.039 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 302). rowei, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 38, figs 29C, 30C, 33. Recent. 3.2 km NE of Cape Bossut, northern Western Australia, 7-10 m. Holotype WAM 231/94; paratypes WAM 5393 (1), WAM 67-93 (2; 24°54’S, 113°17.75’E, 13 km NE of Redcliff Point, Bernier Island, Western Australia, 24.7 m), WAM 66-93 (2; 24°52’S, 113°17.5’E, ENE of Redcliff Point, Bernier Island, Western Australia), AMS C201738 (12; Exmouth Gulf, northern Western Australia). Dentalium rowei Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indian Ocean: western Australia. 7-196 m. rubescens, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 363 [43 in reprint], pl. 16, figs 23-25. Recent. Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes MNHN. Junior synonyms: Dentalium splendens O. G. Costa, 1829; Pseudantalis tenuifissum Monterosato, 1875; Dentalium maltzani Clessin, 1896 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 106); Dentalium siculum Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [ex Deshayes MS] (n. syn.). Fustiaria rubescens (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Emerson 1952c: 204; 1962: 471). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean: Europe, North Africa. 4-618 m. Remarks: Scarabino (1995: 282) questioned the record of this species from the Indian Ocean by Ludbrook (1954: 105, 106). Dentalium rufescens [Weinkauff, 1868: 420] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. rudis, ?Dentalium Gabb, 1873. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. rudmani, Cadulus Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 164, figs 167E, 168H, 173. Recent. Off Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 17°09.42’S, 146°42. 24’E, 668 m. Holotype AMS C174626; paratype AMS C173407 (1). Cadulus rudmani Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from the type locality only. rudoi, Paradentalium Scarabino, 1995: 219, 220, figs 27, 28j, l. Recent. Northeastern Madagascar, RV Vauban 12°39’S, 48°17’E, 240 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (6 from the type locality; 3 from BENTHEDI stn DS72, 12°71’S, 45°02’E, 300-350 m), NM (1). Paradentalium rudoi Scarabino, 1995. Indian Ocean: Madagascar. 240-350 m. rufescens, see rubescens. † rugiferum, Dentalium Koenen, 1885: 71, 72, pl. 3, fig. 18. Paleocene. Near Copenhagen, Denmark. Junior synonym: Dentalium imparcostata Nechaev, 1897 (fide Makarenko 1970: 113). Remark: a valid species of Dentalium (fide Makarenko 1970: 113). ruginosa, Dentalium dentalis var. “Monterosato” fide Stork 1934: 5. No further information located; potentially a nomen nudum. † rugosum, Dentalium Dunker, 1849: 16, 17. Cretaceous. Near Cassel, Germany. Unnecessary replacement name: Dentalium dunkeri Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 221, 222. rugosum, Dentalium Müller, 1851. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. 639 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. rugosum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 584 [1860: 1063, 1064, pl. 40, fig. 8]. Carboniferous [“Berglehme”]. Near Dorf Sloboda, Tula [Toula], Russia. Junior homonym of Dentalium rugosum Dunker, 1849 and D. rugosum Müller, 1851. Remarks: Eichwald (1860: 1063) erroneously dated this name to Eichwald (1846: 425), which is actually a citation for Dentalium rectiusculum Eichwald; Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 232) repeated this error. If future studies confirm the validity of this species it needs to be renamed. rugosum, Dentalium Spillman, 1860: 389. Nomen nudum. Cretaceous (Green Sand). Tombigbee, Mississippi, USA. rugosum, Entalium Defrance, 1819b. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † runnegari, Scissuradentalium Yoo, 1988: 249, figs 144-147. Early Carboniferous, Late Tournaisian, Dangarfield Formation. Locality A-3, 2.6 km SW of Gundy, Upper Hunter, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype AMS F.61994 ; paratypes AMS F.61995 (8). † rupeliensis, Gadila R. Janssen, 1989: 88, 89, pl. 2, fig.17. Middle Oligocene, Rupelian, Boom Clay Formation. Herselt (Tongrube 400 m N of Kirche von Ramsel), Antwerpen Province, Belgium. Holotype RGM 221152a; paratypes RGM 221152b; RGM 220907/1; SMF. rushii, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 168, pl. 27, figs 94-97. Recent. Off Cape Hatteras [North Carolina], 35°19’30”N, 75°17’12”W, 293 fms [535 m]. Syntypes ANSP 35579 (1), ANSP 333440 (1). Junior synonym: Polyschides rushii arne (Henderson , 1920). Polyschides rushii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) (fide Emerson in Turgeon 1998: 55). Western Atlantic: Canada to North Carolina (USA). 210-1934 m. † rutteni, Dentalium Martin, 1917: 262, pl. 4, fig. 91. Miocene. Kembang Sokkoh, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7256 (3), RGM 7257 (14), RGM 47284 (2) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). † sabrinae, Dentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 38, 39, 41. Jurassic, Sinemurian. Honeybourne, near Evesham, England, United Kingdom. Replacement name for Dentalium richardsoni Emerson, 1954 non Cossmann, 1907. Remark: Engeser & Riedel (1992: 39) stated that “The generic assignment is unclear. It probably belongs to a new genus”. † saccoi, Cadulus taurovulum subsp. Pavia, 1991: 133137, pl. 9, figs 1-5, 7, 8; table 2; text-fig. 6. Upper Miocene. Borelli, near Turin, Italy. Holotype and 218 paratypes MIGT B-S.D.02.1. Remark: Sacco (1897: 115) misidentified this species as Cadulus ovulus Philippi. † sacheri, Dentalium Alth, 1850: 226, pl. 12, fig. 2. Cretaceous. Lviv [Lemberg], Ukraine. Holotype NHM 1862/0005/0251. sagamiensis, Gadila Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971: 495 [in Japanese], 312 [in English], pl. 65, figs 14- 640 17 (as a nomen nudum in Habe 1953: 298; 1963: 276; Okutani 1964: 79). Recent. Sagami Bay, Japan, 400-740 m. Holotype and 3 paratypes in Imperial Household Biological Laboratory (Japan). Gadila sagamiensis Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971. Indo-Pacific: Japan. 400-780 m. sagei, Striocadulus Scarabino, 1995: 335, 336, figs 137, 139 d, e, 172c, d. Recent. Philippines, RV Coriolis MUSORSTOM 2 stn CP24, 13°37’S, 120°42’E, 640-647 m. Holotype and 4 paratypes MNHN. Striocadulus sagei Scarabino, 1995. IndoPacific: Indonesia, Philippines. 550-800 m. † sagittarii, Dentalium Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917: 185. Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Holotype ANSP 652. Remark: figured by Pilsbry (1922: 400, pl. 18, fig. 12). sakuraii, Platyschides Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961: 105, pl. 47, fig. 3. Recent. Off Choshi, Chiba Pref., Honshu, Japan, 100-200 m. Holotype and paratype in NSMT. Polyschides sakuraii (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961) (fide Habe 1963: 278). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 100-1400 m. Platyschides sokuraii [Okutani, 1966: 14] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † salicensis, Cadulus Seguenza, 1879: 276. Pliocene. Reggia, Calabria, Italy. salishorum, Pulsellum Marshall, 1980: 149-152, figs 1-6. Recent. East Sound, Orcas Island, San Juan Islands, Puget Sound, Washington, 48°36’N, 122°51’W, 18-22 m [lower limit probably in error as the holotype is from 27 m]. Holotype USNM 782263; paratypes USNM 782264 (6), ANSP 352474 (4), AMNH 198610 (6), LACM 1929 (6), NMC 86068 (4), WSM 35663 (4). Pulsellum salishorum Marshall, 1980. Eastern Pacific, Canada, USA. 3-91 m. salpinx, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Tomlin, 1931: 338, 339, text-fig. Recent. Off Cape Point, South Africa, 700-800 fms [1278-1460 m]. Lectotype SAFM A5459 (designated by Giles & Gosliner 1983: 40); paralectotypes NMW (9). Fissidentalium salpinx (Tomlin, 1931). South Africa. 1260-1462 m. † samanicum, Dentalium Berry, 1926: 19, figs 3, 4. Eocene, Saman shale. Negritos, Peru. † sandbergeri, Dentalium Bosquet, 1859: 20, 21, pl. 2, figs 7a-7d. Tertiary (Eocene?). Limburg, Netherlands. Remark: Deshayes (1861: 215) recognized that Dentalium fissura sensu Nyst (1836: 180) non Lamarck, 1818 was equivalent to Dentalium sandbergeri. † sangiorgii, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 184. Pliocene. Ponticella di Sàvena, near Bologna, Italy. Replacement name for Antale dentale var. alternans Sangiorgi, 1926 [ex Berti MS] non Dentalium alternans Chenu, 1843 nec Müller, 1851 nec Ryckholt, 1851 nec Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882. Antalis sangiorgii (Emerson, 1954) (fide Caprotti 1979: 237). † santarosanum, Dentalium Maury, 1910: 151, pl. 8, fig. 6. Oligocene. Oak Grove, Santa Rosa County, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Florida, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 639095 (1). † saturni, Dentalium Hoeninghaus, 1836a: 1, pl. 1 [nomen nudum in Hoeninghaus 1836b: 12]. “Übergangskalk”, Gerolstein, Eifel Mountain, Germany [Devonian]. Remarks: this species has been attributed to Goldfuss, 1841 by most authors, who concluded that Goldfuss had validated a manuscript name of Hoeninghaus (1836b: 12). However, Langer (1967: 137) has shown that the species was first validated by Hoeninghaus (1836a), in a lithographed publication, which included an illustration of the holotype. It remains to be determined whether Goldfuss’ concept of this species is equivalent to that of the original description in Hoeninghaus (1836a). Yochelson & Holland (2004) concluded that the supposed “holotype” of Goldfuss’ name was not the type specimen, and that the description of this species was too imprecise to allow determination. We do not follow their conclusion that this is probably not a scaphopod until the problem with the type is solved. † saucatsense, Dentalium Benoist, 1873: 423, 460 [239, 276]. Miocene, Helvetian. Sime, France. Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium pseudoantalis Lamarck, 1818 by Benoist (1873: 268 [84]); see Cossmann & Peyrot (1917: 165) for further discussion. sauridens, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 525, 526 [Watson 1886: 19, pl. 3, fig. 4]. Recent. West Indies, Culebra Island, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.76. Gadila sauridens (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 173). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 650-712 m. Remark: BMNH 1994044 is also labelled “holotype”, obviously in error as the description referred to a single specimen. scamnatum, Dentalium Locard, 1897b: 10 [ex Fischer MS] [Locard, 1898: 109, 110, pl. 7, figs 1-7]. Recent. “Côtes occidentales d’Afrique, cap Ghir, les Açores, mer des Sargasses entre 1235 et 2087 mètres”. Syntypes MNHN. Junior synonym of Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877) (B. Métivier, n. syn.). scarabinoi, Cadulus n. nom. Recent. New Caledonia, Bassin des Loyauté, RV Coriolis BIOGEOCAL stn CP232, 21°34’S, 166°27’E, 760-790 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (3 from CP232; 1 from CP75; 2 from DW106). Replacement name for Cadulus martini Scarabino, 1995 non Cadulus martini Finlay, 1927. Cadulus scarabinoi Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Indo-Pacific: Réunion Island to New Caledonia. 625-3500 m. scarabinoi, Dentalium n. nom. Recent. Chesterfield Islands, Mer de Corail, Banc Nova, RV Coriolis, MUSORSTOM 5. stn DW 301, 22°07’S, 159°25’E, 478-610 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (10; 1 from stn 301; 1 from stn DW 306; 1 from stn LAGON 444; 2 from stn DW 72; 1 from ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) stn DW 38; 1 from stn DW 01; 1 from stn DW 05; 1 from stn DW 478; 1 from stn DW 479), AMS C201722 (1; stn DW 479), NMNZ M268960 (1; stn DW 479). Replacement name for Dentalium flavum Scarabino, 1995 non Dentalium flavum Henderson, 1920. Dentalium scarabinoi Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Indo-Pacific: Chesterfield Islands (Coral Sea); New Caledonia. 300-610 m. † schafferi, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934: 45, pl. 1, fig. 9 [nomen nudum in Gugenberger 1933a: 102; 1933b: 184]. Triassic. N of Launsdorf, Austria. † schencki, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Moore, 1963: 51, pl. 31, fig. 3. Miocene, Astoria Formation. Spencer Creek, Oregon, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 563335. † schlosseri, Dentalium Traub, 1938: 65, pl. 5, fig. 8. Cretaceous/Tertiary. Rupertiwinkel, N of Salzburg, Austria. † schumoi, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911: 167, 168, fig. 5 [nomen nudum in Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 254]. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica. Syntype ANSP 653. scoticum, Dentalium Kirkby, 1880: 563, 589 [ex Young MS]. Nomen nudum. Carboniferous. Near St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom. † sectiforme, Dentalium (Graptacme) Tate, 1899: 262, 263, pl. 8, figs 6-6a. Miocene. Muddy Creek, Victoria, Australia. Holotype and 5 paratypes SAM T 1615A. Dentalium (Antalis) sectiforme Tate, 1899 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 143, pl. 2, fig. 5). sectum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 367, 368 [47, 48], pl. 18, figs 12-14. Recent. “Habitat in mari Indico” [Indian Ocean]. Syntypes MNHN. Junior synonym: Dentalium diffusum Chenu, 1850 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 96). Graptacme secta (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 96). Geographical range unknown. Remark: the citation by Keen (1971: 886) from the “Gulf of California” was in error (fide Keen & Coan 1975: 49 citing W. K. Emerson in litt.). sedecimcostatum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 33, pl. 6, figs 8-11. Recent. Banda Sea, Indonesia, Siboga stn 52, 09°03.4’S, 119°56.7’E, 959 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.035 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 260); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.034 (1; stn 45, 07°24’S, 118°15.2’E, 794 m), ZMA 3.06.036 (8), ZMA 3.06.037 (1; stn 88, 00°34.6’N, 119°8.5’E, 1301 m), ZMA 3.06.038 (1; stn 156, 00°29.2’S, 130°5.3’E, 469 m), ZMA 3.06.039 (1; stn 178, 02°40’S, 128°37.5’E, 835 m), ZMA 3.06.040 (1; stn 223, 05°44.7’S, 126°27.3’E, 4391 m), ZMA 3.06.041 (1; stn 241, 04°24.3’S, 129°49.3’E, 1570 m), ZMA 3.06.042 (8, fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000; stn 300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m), ZMA 3.06.043 (1; stn 314, 07°36’S, 117°30.8’E, 694 m). Compressidentalium sedecimcostatum (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe & Kosuge 1964: 4). Indo-Pacific: East Africa to New Caledonia and China Sea. 250-4391 m. Remark: 641 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Lamprell & Healy (1998: 87) listed this species as a junior synonym of C. clathratum (von Martens, 1881) (as Fissidentalium), an opinion rejected by Scarabino (1995). † seguenzianus, Cadulus (Gadila) Moroni & Ruggieri, 1980: 49, 50, text-figs 3a, 3b, 4. Upper Miocene. Near Bonfornello, Palermo, Sicily, Italy. Holotype and paratype Museo di Geologia della Università di Palermo. † semarangense, Dentalium Altena, 1938: 211. Miocene. Ngembak and Grissee, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7239 (1), RGM 7240 (1), RGM 7238 (1), RGM 7241 (1) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). Replacement name for Dentalium subrectum Martin, 1885 non Jeffreys, 1883. Junior synonym of Dentalium teschi Koperberg, 1931. Remark: see under Dentalium subrectum Martin, 1885. † semialternans, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, fig. 7; 1850: 7. Type locality not specified (presumably Tertiary, fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 215). † semiaratum, Dentalium Chapman & Crespin, 1928: 105, 106, pl. 6, fig. 28. Tertiary. Victoria, Australia. † semiclausum, Dentalium Nyst, 1835: 36, pl. 5, fig. 53. Tertiary. Near Antwerp, Belgium. † semicostatum, Dentalium Girty, 1911: 135. Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian. USGS Locality 2006, Wewoka Formation, Wewoka quadrangle, Oklahoma, USA. Junior synonym: Dentalium indianum Girty, 1911 (fide Yancey 1978: 308, by First Reviser action). Prodentalium semicostatum (Girty, 1911) (fide Yancey 1978: 308). Remark: Yancey (1978) erroneously dated this species to its redescription in Girty (1915), not to its original description in 1911. † seminuda, Dentalium (Antale) raricostatum “race” Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 168, pl. 1, figs 29-31. Miocene, Tortonian. Saint-Jean-de-Marsacq, France. † seminudum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 200, 201, pl. 3, figs 11-14. Eocene. Paris Basin (Jeures and Ormoy), France; Kaufingen, Drausfeldt and near Cassel, Germany. semipolitum, Dentalium Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: 369. Recent. Type locality not specified [Eastern Pacific, California]. Syntypes BMNH 1950.11.8.1-3. Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata (Turton, 1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 91). Remarks: Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 54) listed Graptacme semipolita as a distinct species; further study of the taxonomy of these species is needed. semistriatum, Dentalium Turton, 1819: 39, pl. 18, fig. 68. Recent. Near the Pigeon-House, Dublin Bay, Ireland [in error]. Syntype USNM 175006 (1). Junior synonyms: Dentalium semipolitum Broderip & Sowerby, 1829; Dentalium semistriolatum Guilding, 1834; Dentalium translucidum Chenu, 1843; Dentalium hyalinum Philippi, 1846; Dentalium liratum Carpenter, 1857b; Dentalium 642 lirulatum Mörch, 1861 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 90, 91); Dentalium sericatum Dall, 1881 (fide Scarabino 1994: 307); Dentalium hannai Baker, 1925 (fide Keen 1971: 886). Graptacme semistriata (Turton, 1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 90). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Bermuda to Brazil; Eastern Pacific: California. 3-164 m. Remarks: Warén (1983: 169) erroneously stated that the type material was lost. Since Jeffreys could not determine the origin of this species, Warén also stated that “I regard the name as a nomen dubium”. The alleged occurrence of this species in both the Caribbean and the Eastern Pacific may represent a case of sibling species. The second specimen mentioned in the original description was not located. semistriatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 367, pl. 17, figs 15, 16. Eocene. Parnes, Chaumont, Mouchy and Senlis, Paris Basin, France. Junior homonym of Dentalium semistriatum Turton, 1819. Replacement name: Dentalium parisiensis d’Orbigny, 1850. semistriatus, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1880: 317. Recent. Bay of Biscay. Nomen nudum. semistriolatum, Dentalium Guilding, 1834: 34, pl. 3, figs 1-5. Recent. Caribbean. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata (Turton, 1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 90). Remarks: Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 54) listed Graptacme semistriolata as a distinct species; further study of the taxonomy of these species is needed. semitracheatum, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) Boissevain, 1906: 56, pl. 4, figs 20, 21. Recent. Timor Sea, Siboga stn 284, 08°43.1’S, 127°16.7’E, 828 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.072 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 273); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.070 (7, fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000; Flores Sea, Siboga stn 45, 7°24’S, 118°15.2’E, 794 m), ZMA 3.06.071 (1; not mentioned in the text but illustrated on plate 4, figs 20, 21; “St. 248” in caption was error for 284, fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000), ZMA 3.06.073 (2; Timor Sea, Siboga stn 300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m), ZMA 3.06.074 (1 [2 in error in original description]; Flores Sea, Siboga stn 314, 7°36’S, 117°30.8’E, 694 m). Junior synonym: Dentalium curvotracheatum Plate, 1908 (fide Scarabino 1995: 273). Calliodentalium semitracheatum (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 273). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Philippines. 450-918 m. semivestitum, Dentalium Locard, 1897b: 9, 10 [ex Fischer MS] [1898: 107, pl. 6, figs 25-29]. Recent. “Les Tropiques et le Sahara entre 830 et 1113 mètres”. Syntypes MNHN (Talisman stn 85, “Sahara”, 830 m). Fissidentalium semivestitum (Locard, 1897) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 75). Eastern Atlantic: Europe, Africa. 800-1113 m. senegalense, Dentalium Dautzenberg, 1891: 53, 54, pl. 3, fig. 8. Recent. Dakar, Senegal, Mélita Exp. stn 99, 5 m. Type material not located. Antalis ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) senegalensis (Dautzenberg, 1891) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 55). Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Guinea. 5-41 m. senegalensis, Cadulus Locard, 1897a: 3, 4. Recent. Senegal. Holotype MNHN. Gadila senegalensis (Locard, 1897) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 176). Known from the type locality only. Remark: type locality subsequently cited as Talisman 1883 stn 101, 3200 m, by Locard (1898: 133). septangulare, Dentalium Fleming, 1825. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † septemcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var. Sacco, 1897: 102, pl. 8, fig. 58 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.02.050 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 305). septemcostatum, Dentalium Abich in Trautschold, 1859. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. septemcostatum, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 57. Recent. Evan’s Bay, Cape York, Queensland, Australia, 6 fms [11 m]. Lectotype AMS A96 (designated by Ponder & Stanbury 1972: 53); paralectotypes AMS (3). Junior homonym of Dentalium septemcostatum Abich, 1859. Replacement name: Dentalium cheverti Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897. septemcostatum, Dentalium coarti var. Dautzenberg, 1912: 81. Recent. Wharf de Tamara, Guinea. Type material MNHN. Junior homonym of Dentalium septemcostatum Abich, 1859. Junior synonym of Dentalium congoensis (Plate, 1908a) (fide Nicklès 1979: 44). septentrionalis, Antalis Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1963: 262, 263, pl. 38, fig. 34, text-figs 15-17 [nomen nudum in Habe 1953: 294, as “Dentalium (Dentalium) septentrionale”, and in Taki & Oyama 1954: 30, pl. 7, figs 19-21, pl. 26. fig. 6]. Recent. Off Hachinoe, Aomori Pref., Honshu, Japan, 30 m. Lectotype NSMT (designated by Oyama 1973: 72, pl. 20, figs 7, 11, 14); paralectotype NSMT. Junior synonym of Antalis weinkauffi (Dunker, 1877) (fide Habe 1964: 20). † seriaeforme, Siphonodentalium Ravn, 1939: 48, 49, pl. 1, figs 18a, 18b. Paleocene. Vestre Gasvaerk VI, near Copenhagen, Denmark. sericatum, Dentalium Dall, 1881: 37, 38. Recent. Off Yucatan Bank, Blake (no stn given), 640 fms [1168 m]. Holotype USNM 203191. Known from the type locality only. Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata (Turton, 1819) (fide Scarabino 1994: 307). serratum, Dentalium Pictet & Roux, 1849. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. serratum, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 189, pl. 10, fig. 189; 1887: 189, 190, pl. 10, fig. 189. Miocene. Grissee, Java, Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7270 (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). Junior homonym of Dentalium serratum Pictet & Roux, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) 1849 (Polychaeta); replacement name: Dentalium subserratum Palmer, 1974. serrulatum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1906: 249. Recent. Andaman Island, Bay of Bengal, 60 fms [110 m]. Syntypes ZSI M877/1 (fide list in BMNH); BMNH 1906.10.12.4. Fissidentalium serrulatum (E. A. Smith, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 250). Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands to Philippines. 96-182 m. sewelli, Dentalium (Episiphon) Ludbrook, 1954: 107, fig. 10. Recent. Gulf of Oman, John Murray Exp. stn 75, 25°09’-10’N, 56°47’30”E, 201 m. Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.125; paratypes BMNH 1952.3.25.73 (1; stn MBII(c), Hadramut Coast, 17°33’30”N, 56°01’30”E, 29 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.236-BMNH 1952.3.25.236.242 (5; stn 188, Gulf of Aden, 13°43’-46’N, 47°50’-56’E, 528 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.243 (1; stn 103, Zanzibar Area, 05°39’30”S, 39°11’30”E, 101 m), BMNH 1952.3.25.244-BMNH 1952.3.25.244. 250 (6). Junior synonym of Episiphon subtorquatum (Fischer, 1871) (fide Scarabino 1995: 286). sexangulare, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 344. Italy. Remark: the original description tentatively listed this name as a synonym of Dentalium sexangulum Gmelin, 1791. sexangulare, Dentalium “n. sp.?” Hilgard & Hopkins, 1878: 48, pl. 3, fig. 7. Quaternary. Lake Borgne, Louisiana, USA. Junior homonym of Dentalium sexangulare Lamarck, 1818. Oldest available name: Dentalium gouldii Dall, 1889 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 21). † sexangulum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3739 [citing Schröter 1784a: 531 n. 10]. Pliocene. Laretto, Italy. Junior synonyms: Dentalium sexangulare Lamarck, 1818 (tentatively in the original description); Dentalium inaequale Bronn, 1831 (fide Bernasconi 1996: 26, as synonym of D. orsum); Dentalium orsum Bonelli in Sismonda, 1842 (fide Sismonda 1847: 24; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 205); Dentalium noe Sismonda, 1847 (tentatively, fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 215); Dentalium sexangulare var. acutangularis, and var. subrecta Cocconi, 1873 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 215). sexcarinatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. sexcostatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 103, pl. 223, fig. 11. Recent. Type locality not specified. Holotype BMNH 1996084. Junior synonym of Paradentalium hexagonum (Gould, 1859) (fide Scarabino 1995: 218). Remark: The synonymization of Paradentalium hexagonum with this species by Scarabino (1995) was not followed by Lamprell & Healy (1998: 58). † sexdecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco, 1897: 105, pl. 8, figs 74, 75 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.065, 643 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. BS.106.02.066 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 306). sexradiatum, Dentalium Goldfuss – Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. shirleyae, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 84, figs 82B, 83B, 85, 86A, B. Recent. SW of Imperieuse Reef, Rowley Shoals, 250 km NNW of Western Australia, 18°06’S, 118°10’E, 356 m. Holotype WAM 234/94; paratypes AMS C201740 (2, ex WAM 4340.83), QM MO52532 (1, ex WAM 4340.83), WAM 4304.83 (38), WAM 11993 (1; 220 km NW of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 18°44’S, 117°20’E, 326 m). Fissidentalium shirleyae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. IndoPacific: Western Australia. 326-356 m. shoplandi, Dentalium Jousseaume, 1894: 102. Recent. 50 miles from Aden, 670 fms [1223 m]. Lectotype MNHN (designated by Ludbrook 1954: 100, as “holotype”). Junior synonyms: Dentalium transversostriatum Boissevain, 1906; Dentalium chuni Plate, 1908a (fide Scarabino 1995: 248). Fissidentalium shoplandi (Jousseaume, 1894) (fide Plate 1908a: 341, as Dentalium (Fissidentalium) chuni). IndoPacific: Red Sea to New Caledonia. 528-1350 m. siberutense, Dentalium Plate, 1908a: 348, pl. 30, figs 17-20. Recent. Siberut Islands, Indonesia, Valdivia stn 191, 00°39’S, 98°52’E, 750 m. Holotype ZMB 61093 (fide Kilias 1995: 176). Junior synonym of Entalinopsis intercostata (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 305). siberutensis, Cadulus (Cadulus) Jaeckel, 1932: 309, 310, fig. 7. Recent. Siberut Islands, Indonesia, Valdivia stn 191, 00°39.2’S, 98°52.3’E, 750 m. Lectotype ZMB 75368a (designated by Kilias 1995: 176); paralectotypes ZMB 75368b (2), ZMB 75369 (48). Cadulus siberutensis Jaeckel, 1932. Known from the type locality only. sibogae, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Boissevain, 1906: 39, pl. 4, figs 17, 18, text-fig. 22. Recent. Indonesia, Siboga stn 159, 00°59.1’S, 129°48.8’E, 411 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.048. Compressidentalium sibogae (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 264). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia, Japan. 200-411 m. † siciliensis, Dentalium sexangulare var. Brugnone, 1880: 132. Pliocene. Caltanisetta and Altavilla, Italy. Junior synonym of Dentalium sexangulum Gmelin, 1791 (fide Bellini 1909: 221). siculum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 107, pl. 19, fig. 6 [ex Deshayes MS]. Recent. Adriatic Sea and Ionian Islands. Type material not located. Replacement name for Dentalium politum “Linnaeus” sensu O. G. Costa 1850: 23 (non politum Linnaeus, 1767). Junior synonym of Fustaria rubescens (Deshayes, 1825) (n. syn.). sigsbeanum, Dentalium Dall, 1881: 38. Recent. Yucatan Strait, 640 fms [1168 m]. Lectotype MCZ 7737 (designated by Turner 1955: 319 as “holo- 644 type”); paralectotype USNM 95347 (1). Junior synonym of Bathoxiphus ensiculus (Jeffreys, 1877) (fide Dall 1889: 428). † simile, Dentalium Wissmann, 1841: 91, pl. 9, fig. 8. Triassic. St Cassian, Tirol, Austria/Italy. Remark: Dentalium simile – Laube 1870 non Wissmann, 1841 is a misidentified Orthoceras (fide Broili 1907: 22). simile, Dentalium Biondi, 1859: 120, pl. 1, fig. 6. Recent. Sicily, Italy. Type material not located. Junior homonym of Dentalium simile Wissmann, 1851. Junior synonym of Antalis dentalis Linnaeus, 1758 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 53). simile, Dentalium Read in Broili, 1907: 71, 72, pl. 6, fig. 4. Triassic, Carnian. Seiser Alp, Tirol, Austria. Non Dentalium simile Wissmann, 1841 nec Biondi, 1859; replacement name: Dentalium readi Emerson, 1954. simillimus, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 526, 527 [Watson 1886: 20, pl. 3, fig. 6]. Recent. Raine (sic) Island, Cape York, Queensland, Australia, Challenger stn 185, 11°35’S, 144°03’E, 155 fms [284 m]. Lectotype BMNH 1887.2.9.80/1 (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 161); paralectotypes BMNH 1887.2.9.80/2 (2; Challenger stn 185). Cadulus simillimus Watson, 1879. Indo-Pacific: Australia to New Caledonia. 5-1646 m. Remark: Lamprell & Healy (1995: 161, 162) explained that the second syntype lot, BMNH 1887.2.9.81 (Challenger stn 187), was erroneously labeled as containing the figured specimen, and is instead Cadulus vincentianus Cotton & Godfrey, 1940. † simplex, Dentalium Michelotti, 1861: 136, pl. 12, figs 12, 13. Lower Miocene. Dego, Mioglia, Pareto, Italy. Laevidentalium simplex (Michelotti, 1861) (fide Bonci et al. 2000: 207, 208, pl. 1, fig. 3). simplex, Dentalium (Compressidens) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 125, 126, pl. 27, figs 88, 89. Recent. Off Tillamook Harbor, Oregon, USBF 3346, 786 fms [1434 m]. Syntypes USNM 107700, USNM 600414. Junior homonym of Dentalium simplex Michelotti 1861. Replacement name: Compressidens stearnsii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). † simplicior, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var. Sacco, 1897: 109, pl. 9, figs 53, 54 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.03.028, BS.106.03. 029 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 308). simpsoni, Cadulus (Platyschides) Henderson, 1920: 127, 128, pl. 19, fig. 17. Recent. Mayaguez Roadstead, Puerto Rico, USBF stn 6062, 25 fms [46 m]. Holotype USNM 161580; paratypes USNM 314677, USNM 314932, AMNH 148357 (1). Cadulus simpsoni Henderson, 1920. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 46-575 m. Remark: the subgenus Platyschides was put in synonymy with Gadila by Scarabino (1995: 196, 355). However, this species has its maximum diameter not in the anterior third of the shell as it is characteristic for Gadila, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) but in the middle of the shell as it is typical for Cadulus. † simrothi, Cadulus Pilsbry, 1911: 168, 169, fig. 4. Miocene. Bowden, Jamaica. Syntype ANSP 650. As a nomen nudum in Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 238. singaporensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 195, pl. 36, figs 30, 31. Recent. Singapore. Syntypes ANSP 35584 (4), ZMA 2.98.001 (2). Gadila singaporensis (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). Known from the type locality only. sinuosum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 28, pl. 6, fig. 22. Recent. Indonesia, Timor Sea, Siboga stn 294, 10°12’S, 124°27’E, 73 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.021 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 206); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.018 (1, second specimen lost, fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000; Kwandang-bay-entrance, Siboga stn 114, 0°58.5’N, 122°55’E, 75 m), ZMA 3.06.019 (1, lost fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000; between islands Wowoni and Buton, Siboga stn 204, 4°20’S, 122°58’E, 75-95 m), ZMA 3.06.020 (5 in original description; 6 fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000). Junior synonym of Dentalium leucoryx Boissevain, 1906 (fide Scarabino 1995: 206). † sobrantensis, Dentalium radiolineata var. Clark, 1918: 192. Oligocene. Near Mount Diablo, California, USA. Holotype UCMP 11261. sofiae, Cadulus Scarabino, 1995: 352, figs 157, 160i, l. Recent. Réunion, MD32 stn DS151, 20°51’S, 56°03’E, 3300-3240 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (3 from DS151; 1 from DS11; 2 from CH87; 1 from CH90), NM (1; DS149). Cadulus sofiae Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to New Caledonia. 1600-3716 m. † sokkohense, Dentalium Martin, 1917: 262, pl. 4, fig. 92. Miocene. Kembang Sokkoh, Java, Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7271 (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 111). sokuraii, see sakuraii. † solidissimum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Brown, 1917: 37, pl. 5, fig. 8. Oligocene. Near Cartagena, Colombia. Holotype ANSP 3057. Remark the authors suggested that this species “is probably a Fissidentalium”. † solidum, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 2. Miocene, Pareora Formation. Kanieri; Sherry River; Waikari, New Zealand. Lectotype NZGS TM.4809 (designated by Keyes 1972: 96). Fissidentalium solidum (Hutton, 1873) (fide Beu & Maxwell 1990: 424). solidum, Dentalium Verrill, 1884: 215, 216, pl. 44, figs 16, 17. Recent. Off Georges Banks, USBF stn 2083, 959 fms [1750 m]. Lectotype USNM 34687 (designated by Henderson 1920: 63); paralectotypes: USNM 34687 (USBF stn 2083, 959 fms [1750 m]), USNM 34904 (USBF stn 2077, 1255 fms [2290 m]), USNM 34688 and USNM 34911 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) (USBF stn 2084, 1290 fms [2354 m]), USNM 35636 (USBF stn 2103, 1091 fms [1991 m]), USNM 35635 (USBF stn 2111, 938 fms [1712 m]), USNM 35645 (USBF stn 2115, 843 fms [1538 m]), AMNH 148370 (3; USBF stn 2084, 1290 fms [2354 m]). Junior homonym of Dentalium solidum Hutton, 1873. Replacement name: Dentalium (Fissidentalium) meridionale verrilli Henderson, 1920. Junior synonym of Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 72). † soliticum, Dentalium Piette, 1855: 1122. Jurassic. Rumigny, France. sominium, Laevidentalium Okutani, 1964: 75, 76, text-fig. 3. Recent. Sagami Bay, Japan, 35°03.6’N, 139°22.4’E, 1320-1400 m. Holotype NSMT Mo.69572; paratypes NSMT Mo.69573 (47). Episiphon sominium (Okutani, 1964) (fide Steiner 1999: 155). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 620-1400 m. Remarks: Okutani (1964: 75) listed material from the following Soyo-maru stations: 1 specimen from stn T29, Sagami Bay, 35°04.8’N, 139°30.2’E, 620780 m; 6 specimens from stn T29, Sagami Bay, 35°05.5’N, 139°29.3’E, 710-770 m; 23 specimens from stn T28, Sagami Bay, 35°03.6’N, 139°22.4’E, 1400 m; 24 specimens from stn T28, Sagami Bay, 35°01.0’N, 139°19.6’E, 1385 m; 9 Specimens from stn T28’, Sagami Bay, 35°03.5’N, 139°24.5’E, 1190-1220 m; 26 specimens from stn 169, Sagami Bay, 35°04.9’N, 139°33.2’E, 780 m; 1 specimen from stn 9, Sea of Kashima-Nada, 36°19.2’N, 141°15.6’E, 1030 m; about 20 specimens from stn 17, Sea of Kashima-Nada, 36°19.7’N, 141°09.0’E, 870 m. None of these match in number of specimens with the located paratype lot which is labelled “Sagami Bay” and may represent a partial combination from these stations. † sorbii, Dentalium King, 1850: 218. Permian. Connigsborough, near Doncaster, Ireland. Holotype Sheffield City Museum H.27.11.80.777 (fide Riley 1974: 36). Junior synonym: Dentalium speyeri Geinitz, 1852 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 233). † soriense, Dentalium Eames, 1952: 5, pl. 1, figs 1a, 1b. Eocene. Zinda Pir section, Ghazij Shales, N of Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Holotype BMNH G.68000. † sougraignense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1904: 637, pl. 3, figs 12, 13. Cretaceous, Santonian. Sougraigne, Aude, France. sowerbyi, Dentalium Guilding, 1834: 35, pl. 3, fig. 7. Recent. Caribbean. Type material not located. Synonym: Episiphon sowerbyi pelliceri (Henderson, 1920). Episiphon sowerbyi (Guilding, 1834) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 117). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Cape Hatteras (North Carolina, USA) to Brazil. 7-329 m. sowerbyi, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 6, fig. 2; 1850: 7. Type locality not specified. Non Dentalium 645 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. sowerbyi Guilding, 1834. Tentative junior synonym of Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 216). sowerbyi, Dentalium Michelotti, 1847. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. soyomaruae, Bathoxiphus Okutani, 1964: 77, 78, textfig. 4. Recent. 56 miles off Aogashima Island, Japan, 32°20’N, 140°55.5’E, 3150-3350 m. Holotype NSMT Mo.9574 (fide Anonymous 1996: 82) and 2 paratypes. Bathoxiphus soyomaruae Okutani, 1964. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to Japan and New Caledonia. 975-5750 m. Remark: Chistikov (1983: 183) synonymized Rhomboxiphus colmani (Palmer, 1974) with B. soyomaruae, a decision rejected by Scarabino (1995: 314, 317). † spaethi, Progadilina Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 47, 48, pl. 1, fig. 4, text-figs 3, 4. Jurassic, Middle Liassic, Pliensbachian. Hoisdorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Holotype GPIMH 2516/3; paratype GPIMH 2516/4. † speciosum, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861: 668. Eocene. Bavaria, Germany. spectabilis, Cadulus Verrill, 1885a: 432, 433, pl. 44, fig. 19. Recent. 180 miles off Ocean City [Maryland], USBF stn 2221, 39°05’30”N, 70°44’30”W, 2780 m. Lectotype USNM 37935 (designated by Henderson 1920: 107; USNM “40498” error for USNM 37935); paralectotypes USNM 38116 (USBF stn 2043, 1467 fms [2677 m]), USNM 38691, USNM 73051, MCZ 186801 (1), MCZ 186802 (USFC 2174, 1594 fms [2909 m]). Polyschides spectabilis (Verrill, 1885) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 153). Western and Eastern Atlantic: Caribbean to West Africa. 62-3389 m. speyeri, Dentalium Geinitz, 1852: 198. Permian. Rückingen, Wetterau, Germany. Junior synonym of Dentalium sorbii King, 1850 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 233). † spiniforme, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 191, 192, pl. 10, fig. 193; 1887: 191, 192, pl. 10, fig. 193. Miocene. Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7277 (9) (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). † spiniformis, Cadulus (Gadila) Gardner, 1947: 630, pl. 57, fig. 19. Oligocene. Alum Bluff Group, Shoal River Formation. USGS locality 5079, 0.5 miles below Shell Bluff, Shoal River, Walton County, Florida, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 351645 (1). spinulosum, Dentalium “Miller, MSS” Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. spirale, Dentalium Risso, 1826b. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † spitiense, Dentalium Gümbel, 1866: 360, pl. 1, fig. 7. Triassic. Near Spiti, Hamachal Pradesh, northwestern India [formerly Tibet]. splendens, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1829: cxxv, cxxvi. Recent. Golfo di Taranto [Italy]. Type material not 646 located. Junior synonym of Fustiaria rubescens (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 106). splendens, Dischides Raines, 2002: 37, 38, fig. 47. Recent. Tahai, Easter Island, 50-80 m. Holotype LACM 2949; paratypes LACM 2950, ANSP 410697 (2), AMS (2), Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum (Florida) 1383 (2). Dischides splendens Raines, 2002. Pacific Ocean, Easter Island, 5080 m. splendidum, Dentalium Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832: 29. Recent. Xipixapi, West Colombia, 10-16 fms [18-29 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1950.11.8.8-9. Graptacme splendida (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 96). Eastern Pacific: Colombia. 10-110 m. Remark: Keen (1971: 888) placed this species into Fustiaria (Laevidentalium). spretus, Cadulus (Gadilia [sic]) Tate & May, 1900: 102. Recent. Port Esperance, Tasmania, 24 fms [44 m]. Lectotype TMH E1202/8543 (specimen on left hand side of board; ex TM1095) (designated by Lamprell & Healy 1998: 156); paralectotypes TMH E1202/8543 (specimen on right hand side of board), SAM D 15848 (21), SAM D 16002 (5). Gadila spreta (Tate & May, 1900) (fide Cotton & Godfrey 1933: 148). Indo-Pacific: Tasmania, Australia, New Zealand. 9-1770 m. Remark: SAM D 16009, potential type material, consists of “five dry shells with no locality or collection data” (Zeidler & Macphail 1978: 384). stanisici, Bathoxiphus Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 142, figs 145G, 149, 150A. Recent. Off Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 16°43.06’S, 146°37. 18’E, 1477 m. Holotype AMS C173420; paratype AMS C173421 (1). Bathoxiphus stanisici Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from the type locality only. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the status of B. stanisici Lamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-à-vis Solenoxiphus striatulus Chistikov, 1983 requires further research. stapes, Dentalium (Gadilina) Boissevain, 1906: 50, 51, pl. 5, figs 16-20, pl. 6, figs 79, 81, 83. Recent. Banda Sea, Indonesia, Siboga stn 212, 05°54.5’S, 120°19.2’E, 462 m. Syntypes ZMA 3.06.061-062 (2). Junior synonym of Gadilina insolita (E. A. Smith, 1894) (fide Habe 1964: 32). stearnsii, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 253, pl. 27, figs 88, 89. Recent. Off Tillamook Harbor, Oregon, 45°30’N, 125°42’W, 786 fms [1434 m]. Syntypes USNM 107700, 600414. Replacement name for Dentalium (Compressidens) simplex Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 non Michelotti, 1861. Compressidens stearnsii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). Indo-Pacific: Japan; Eastern Pacific: Oregon. 1434 m. steineri, Bathoxiphus Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 142, figs 141E, 145F, 148, 166E, F. Recent. NE [of] Thursday Island [Australia], 10°51’S, 145°49’E, 1379 m. Holotype QM MO40078; paratypes QM MO40079 (3), QM MO40080 (2; northern ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Queensland, 10°01’S, 145°00’E, 1777 m), QM MO40081 (12; northern Queensland, 17°46’S, 147°49’E, 1224 m), AMS C175551 (2; off Cairns, northern Queensland, 16°43.1-42.1’S, 146°37.336.4’S 1468-1477 m). Bathoxiphus steineri Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: Queensland, Australia. 950-1777 m. Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the status of B. steineri Lamprell & Healy, 1998 vis-àvis Solenoxiphus striatulus Chistikov, 1983 requires further research. stellata, Entalinopsis Scarabino, 1995: 307, 308, figs 110, 111a, b, 115b. Recent. Philippines, MUSORSTOM 2, stn CP18, 14°00’N, 120°18’E, 188-195 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (5 from stn CP55; 1 from stn DR94), AMS C201730 (1; stn CP55), USNM 890871 (1; stn CP55). Entalinopsis stellata Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Indonesia, Philippines, New Caledonia. 195-900 m. stenoschizum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 128, 129, pl. 19, figs 10-15. Recent. West Indies. Syntypes ANSP 71081 (1), ANSP 320994 (1). Replacement name for Dentalium translucidum sensu Sowerby (1860, 1872) non Deshayes, 1825. Fustiaria stenoschiza (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Florida to Brazil, 40400 m. Remarks: Scarabino (1995: 277) determined that the specimens identified as Dentalium stenoschizum by Boissevain (1906: 59) were actually referable to Fustiaria nipponica. Since Lamprell & Healy (1998: 100, 102) cited to Boissevain (1906) in their use of Fustiaria stenoschiza, their Australian records should also be attributed to F. nipponica, thus restricting the distribution of Fustiaria stenoschiza to the western Atlantic and the Caribbean. † stentor, Dentalium Anderson & Hanna, 1925: 145, pl. 13, fig. 17. Eocene, Tejon Group. CAS locality 792, west side of Tecuya Creek, Kern County, California, USA. Type material CAS 819. stimpsoni, Dentalium (Antalis) entale Henderson, 1920: 35-38, pl. 4, figs 2-4. Recent. Near Gotts Island, off Mount Desert, Maine, Eolis, 20 fms [37 m]. Neotype USNM 314938 (designated by Henderson 1920). Replacement name for Dentalium striolatum Stimpson 1851 non Dentalium striolatum Risso, 1826. Junior synonym of Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 43). Remarks: according to Johnson (1976: 66), Stimpson’s type material was destroyed in the great Chicago fire. Henderson, when replacing Stimpson’s name, chose a recently collected specimen from the USNM collection as the “type”. This specimen is the neotype, although Henderson did not use that term. † stonecityensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974: 18, text-fig. 8r, s; pl. 1, fig. 17. Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Wheelock Member. Stone City Bluff, Brazos River Valley, Burleson County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180441; paratypes PRI 29226, ANSP 31504. † stramineum, Dentalium Gabb, 1864: 139, 140, pl. 21, fig. 100. Cretaceous. NE of Martinez; San Diego; and Curry’s, S of Mount Diablo, California, USA. strangulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. strangulatus, Cadulus Locard, 1897a: 4. Recent. Bay of Biscay, Travailleur stn 44 [depth of 667 m provided in Locard 1898: 137]. Type material not located. Gadila strangulata (Locard, 1897) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 176). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean. 555-2018 m. “strangulosum”, Dentalium “Deshayes” – Gümbel 1861. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † strenuum, Dentalium Casey, 1903: 266. Oligocene. Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA. Syntype ANSP 998. † striatellulata, Dentalium (Fustiaria) jani var. Sacco, 1897: 113, pl. 10, figs 28-33 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene/Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.06.005BS.106.06.008 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 309). striatinum, Siphonodentalium (Siphonodentalium) Henderson, 1920: 90, 91, pl. 16, figs 3, 8. Recent. Off Fernandina, Florida, Albatross stn 2668, 294 fms [537 m]. Holotype and 9 paratypes USNM 108166. Striopulsellum striatinum (Henderson, 1920) (fide Scarabino 1995: 323). Known from the type locality only. Remark: Henderson (1920: 90, 91) referred to a type specimen from a lot consisting of 10 specimens; however, the holotype has not yet been segregated from the paratypes. striatissimum, Dentalium Doderlein, 1864: 97 [15]. Nomen nudum. Miocene. Monte Gibio (Modena) and Santo Agata (Tortona), Italy. Remark: Cocconi (1874: 647) mentioned this manuscript name in his description of Dentalium passerinianum. † striatissimum, Dentalium Razzore, 1896: 248 [ex Doderlein MS]. Pliocene. Borzoli, Zinola and Rio Torsero, Italy. Lectotype MIGT BS.106.01.030 (selected by Pavia 1991: 113); paralectotype BS.106.01.031 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 302). Remarks: Dentalium striatissimum Vinassa de Regny, 1897 is a junior homonym. This name has been attributed to Sacco, 1897 (e.g., Pavia 1991: 112-114) but Razzore had already validated Doderlein’s manuscript name. Dentalium (Dentalium) passerinanum subsp. striatissimum Razzore, 1896 (fide Pavia 1991: 112-114, pl. 1, figs 4, 6, 8-10). striatissimum, Dentalium Vinassa de Regny, 1897: 163 [ex Meneghini MS]. Tertiary. Roncà, Italy. Junior 647 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. homonym of Dentalium striatissimum Razzore, 1896. striatissimum, Dentalium Fuenzalida, 1942: 414, 423. Tertiary. Patagonia, Chile. Nomen nudum. Remarks: Feruglio (1949b: 160) cited this name, but did not validate it. If this name ever was validated, then it would be a junior homonym of Dentalium striatissimum Razzore, 1896 and Vinassa de Regny, 1897. † striatulinum, Antale “?” Cossmann in O’Gorman & Cossmann, 1923: 28, pl. 3, fig. 4. Eocene. Gan, S of Pau, southwestern France. striatulum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738. [citing Lister 1685-1692: t. 547. f.I.b; Martini 1769: I. t. I. f. 5. b]. Recent. Sicily [in error]. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1767 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 3). Objective junior synonym: Dentalium lupinum Röding, 1798. striatulum, Dentalium Turton, 1819: 352, pl. 16, figs 5, 6. Recent. Type locality not known. No information on type material. Junior synonym of Dentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1803 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 17). striatulus, Solenoxiphus Chistikov, 1983: 187, 189, pl. 3, figs 2-13, l pl. 5, figs 10, 11. Recent. North Fiji Basin, Vitjaz stn 5944-2D, 14°21.1’S, 170°38.2’W, 2380 m. Holotype IOM; paratypes IOM (3 from stn 59442D -2D; 1 from stn 6818-2, 5°05.8’N, 130°58.8’E, 1530-1680 m). Solenoxiphus striatulus Chistikov, 1983. Indo-Pacific: South Philippine Sea to Fiji Islands and New Caledonia. 1500-3700 m. striatum, Dentalium Born, 1778: 449, 450 [citing Gualtieri 1742: pl. 10, fig. 6; Hill 1752, pl. 7; Martini 1769: pl. 5, fig. B]; 1780: 431. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntypes NHM. Junior synonym of Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758 (partim) and Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1767 (partim) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 2, 3). striatum, Dentalium Link, 1807: 23 [citing Schröter 1784b: 4 t. 3 f. 5]. Tertiary. Sternberg, Germany. Junior homonym of Dentalium striatum Born, 1778. Objective junior synonym of Dentalium rectum Gmelin, 1791; both taxa are based upon the same illustration. striatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 160, pl. 70, fig. 4. Upper Eocene. Barton, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Dentalium striatum Born, 1778. Replacement name: Dentalium acuticosta Deshayes, 1825; Dentalium bartonense Palmer, 1974 is an unnecessary replacement name. Remarks: Deshayes (1861: 206) attributed this name to “Brander, 1775, Foss. hant., pl. 1, fig. 10”. Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 198) noted that the 1766 edition of Brander used Dentalium elephantinum for this species, and wondered whether “Deshayes may quote from another edition which we have not seen”. We have been unable to track any reference to a “1775” edition of Brander and conclude that Deshayes’ attribution was in error. 648 striatum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 344. Tertiary. Siena, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium striatum Born, 1780, D. striatum J. Sowerby, 1814. Remark: Bellini (1909: 228) concluded that Dentalium delessertianum Chenu, 1843 was the next available name for Dentalium striatum Lamarck, 1818, which however is a junior synonym of Fissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 213; fide Caprotti 1979: 223). striatum, Dentalium Brown, 1827: caption to pl. 1, fig. 8. Recent. Eastern Atlantic: Holy Island, coast of Northumberland, England, United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Dentalium striatum Born, 1780, D. striatum J. Sowerby, 1814, and D. striatum Lamarck, 1818. striatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1830: 199. Pliocene. Zukowce, Volhynia, Ukraine. Junior homonym of Dentalium striatum Born, 1780, D. striatum J. Sowerby, 1814, D. striatum Lamarck, 1818, and D. striatum Brown, 1827. Replacement name: Dentalium quindeciesstriatum Eichwald, 1853. striatum, Dentalium sensu Philippi 1844: 208 non Born, 1778. Tertiary. Sicily, Italy. Replacement name: Dentalium philippi Monterosato, 1872, a junior homonym of Dentalium philippi Chenu, 1843; renamed Dentalium rectum var. monterosatoi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 214. striatum, Dentalium Ivanov, 1926: 174. Nomen nudum. Carboniferous. Near Moscow, Russia. Non Dentalium striatum Born, 1780 (Recent). Replacement name: Dentalium ivanovi Palmer, 1974. Remark: as Ivanov’s taxon was not validly described, there was no need to rename it. striatus, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 [ex Dall MS]: 179, 180, pl. 35, figs 9-13. Recent. Gulf of Panama, USFC stn 3354, 7°09’45”N, 80°50’W, 322 fms [588 m]. Syntypes USNM 122992 (1), USNM 602252 (15), SBMNH 35023 (2), AMNH 148405 (3). Gadila striata (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). Eastern Pacific: Panama. 588-1206 m. striatus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1813: 91. Sandstein, Mecklenberg, Germany. Nomen nudum. † striatus, Entalis Romanovskii, 1890: 112, pl. 16, fig. 4. Upper Paleozoic. Pasha-Ata and Namangan, eastern Uzbekistan [“Turkestan”]. Prodentalium striatus (Romanovskii, 1890) (fide Likharev 1967: 12, 13, pl. 1, figs 1-3). strigatum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 166. Recent. False Bay, Cape of Good Hope. Lectotype USNM 159 (designated by Johnson 1964: 153); paralectotypes MCZ 169382 (2). Junior synonym: Dentalium agulhasense Plate, 1908 (fide Barnard 1974: 742). Dentalium strigatum Gould, 1859. Indian Ocean: South Africa, Madagascar, Réunion. 33-317 m. Remark: Tomlin (1931: 337) considered Dentalium belcheri Sowerby, 1860 to be a junior synonym of Dentalium strigatum. † striolatissima, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897: 94, pl. 7, figs 55, 56 [as a nomen nudum in ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. Italy (various localities). Syntypes MIGT BS.106.01.008, BS.106.01.009 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 301). striolatum, Dentalium Risso, 1826b: 398. Recent. Mediterranean. Syntypes MNHN (8). Junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 42). Remark: one of the syntypes is actually a specimen of Antalis inaequicostata (Dautzenberg, 1891) (fide Arnaud 1978: 135). striolatum, Dentalium Stimpson, 1851a: 114. Recent. At the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, 10-60 fms [18110 m]. Type material lost in the Chicago fire (Johnson: 1976: 66). Neotype USNM 314938 (designated by Henderson 1920: 35, pl. 4, figs 2-4). Near Gotts Island, off Mount Desert, Maine, Eolis, 20 fms [37 m]). Junior homonym of Dentalium striolatum Risso, 1826. Replacement name: Dentalium (Antalis) entale stimpsoni Henderson, 1920, a junior synonym of Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 43). † stromeri, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Oppenheim, 1906: 215, pl. 25, figs 6, 6a. Miocene. Fajûn, west of Kasr Kerûn, Libya. stumkatae, Dentalium (Lentigodentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 70, 71, figs 68B, 69C, 71. Recent. 32 km off Point Charles, NW of Darwin, 12°10’S, 130°22’E, 27-37 m. Holotype AMS C174641; paratypes AMS C174642 (2), AMS C169964 (2; 96 km NE of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 19°30.9-28.2’S, 118°49.2-55.4’E, 36-37 m). Dentalium stumkatae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern Australia. 37-154 m. subagile, Dentalium (Antalis) agile Henderson, 1920: 38, 39, pl. 4, fig. 8. Recent. USBF stn 2513 [between Halifax and Le Havre Bank], 43°34’N, 63°56’30”W, 134 fms [245 m]. Holotype USNM 887470; paratypes USNM 50188, USNM 50189, USNM 50191, USNM 50193, USNM 52302, USNM 314325, AMNH 148306 (1), ANSP 119158. Subspecies of Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars ex M. Sars, 1872). Remarks: Abbott (1974: 385) listed subagile as a valid species. This opinion is not followed herein because the observed high variability of Antalis agilis across the northern Atlantic encompasses the form of subagile. subanceps, Dentalium Trautschold, 1861: 350-352, pl. 8, figs 16, 17. Jurassic. Mniowniki, Galiowa and Dorogomilof, near Moscow, Russia. Junior synonym of Dentalium gladiolus Eichwald, 1846 (fide Eichwald 1868: 799; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 223). † subannulata, Plagioglypta Easton, 1962: 101, pl. 13, figs 20, 21. Carboniferous. USGS locality 13399, Alaska Bench limestone, Heath, Fergus County, Montana, USA. Holotype and 9 paratypes (in one block) USNM Paleobiology 118878. † subarcuatum, Dentalium Conrad, 1853: 276, pl. 24, fig. 13. Cretaceous. New Egypt, New Jersey, USA. † subcanaliculatum, Dentalium Sandberger & Sandberger, 1856: 240, pl. 26, fig. 19, 19a. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Carboniferous. Villmar (“Stringocephalenkalk”), Germany. Remarks: Nomen nudum in Sandberger (1842: 399). Dentalium cubcanaliculatum “G. Sandberger, 1842” [de Koninck, 1843: 319] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. “subcarinatum”, Dentalium “Münster in Goldfuss” – Ryckholt 1851. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. subcentralis, Costentalina tuscarorae Chistikov, 1982b: 1317, 1318, pl. 1, figs 9-11, pl. 4, fig. 3. Recent. Vitjaz stn 4199-T [4191 in error], 35°06.8’N, 137°53’W, 5056-5072 m. Holotype IOM; paratypes IOM (2 from stn 4199-T; 1 from stn 4074-T, 40°19’N, 175°45.3’W, 6065 m; 1 from stn 4239-T, 24°50.3’N, 144°05.4’W, 5120 m; 2 from stn 4281-T, 20°01’N, 121°59.6’W, 4370 m; 1 from stn 4289-T, 20°00.3’N, 130°01.2’W, 4984-4902 m; 4 from stn 5065-T, 16°23’N, 146°36’W, 5363-5570 m; 1 from stn 5996-2-T, 10°58.2’N, 153°21.5’W, 5060-5080 m; 2 from stn 6298-24-T, 22°44’S, 160°54’W, 4860 m; 1 from stn 6704, 18°36.8’N, 128°07.8’E). Subspecies of Costentalina tuscarorae Chistikov, 1982. Indo-Pacific and Eastern Pacific: from Philippines to off California and Mexico. 43706065 m. subcoarctata, Ditrupa (Gabb, 1860) – Dall 1892: 444. Unjustified emendation of Dentalium subcoarcuata Gabb, 1860. † subcoarcuata, Ditrupa Gabb, 1860: 386, pl. 67, fig. 47. Eocene. Wheelock, Texas, USA. Holotype ANSP 13263 (“possibly lost” fide Hodgkinson 1974: 20). Unjustified emendation: Cadulus subcoarctatus (Gabb, 1860) (Dall 1892: 444). Cadulus (Polyschides) subcoarcuatus (Gabb, 1860) (fide Hodgkinson 1974: 19). Remark: Aldrich (1895: 4) and Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 235) listed Cadulus abruptus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886 as a probable junior synonym of Cadulus subcoarcuatus. subcolubridens, Cadulus (Gadila) Ludbrook, 1954: 115, 116, fig. 21. Recent. Gulf of Aden, 2000 m, John Murray Exp. stn 185, 13°48’N, 49°16’E. Holotype BMNH 1952.3.25.32; paratypes BMNH 1952.3.25.33-BMNH 1952.3.25.44 (12). Gadila subcolubridens (Ludbrook, 1954). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to New Zealand. 1158-2000 m. † subcompressum, Dentalium Meyer, 1885: 462; 1886: 64, pl. 3, figs 3, 3a. Eocene. Vicksburg and Jackson, Mississippi, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 638701 (as “holotype” in Palmer & Brann 1965: 371). Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) subcompressa (Meyer, 1885) (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 371). subcostulata, Dentalium agile var. Locard, 1898: 118. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars ex M. Sars, 1872). subcurvatum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1906 [October]: 251. Recent. SW of Cape Comorin, [Maldives], India, Investigator stn 275, 731-771 fms 649 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. [1334-1407 m]. The holotype in BMNH as mentioned by Scarabino (1995: 261) could not be located. Junior synonym: Dentalium martensi Boissevain, 1906 [December] (fide Scarabino 1995: 261). Compressidentalium subcurvatum (E. A. Smith, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 261). IndoPacific: Madagascar to New Caledonia. 1421411 m. subcylindrica, Cadulus tumidosus var. Locard, 1898: 143. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Cadulus tumidosus Jeffreys, 1877. † subcylindricum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887a: 105, pl. 12, fig 14; 1887b: 99, pl. 12, fig. 14. Cretaceous. Algarrobo and S. Vicente, Chile. † subeburneum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 (volume 2): 372. Eocene. Chaumont, Halaincourt, Acy-en-Mulcien (Oise), France. Replacement name for Dentalium eburneum sensu G. B. Sowerby 1825 non Linnaeus, 1767. Junior synonym: Fustiaria circinata Newton, 1891 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 216). Remarks: Deshayes (1864: 216) listed this name as a junior synonym of Dentalium eburneum Linnaeus, 1767; Newton & Harris (1894: 65, 66), Le Renard (1995: 175), and Le Renard & Pacaud (1995: 85) considered it as a valid species of Fustiaria. subentalis, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 (volume 2): 320. Eocene, Suessonian. Cuise-Lamotte, Varinfroy (Oise), France. Tentative junior synonym of Antalis entalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 216). † subfissura, Entalis Tate, 1887: 191, pl. 20, figs 4a, 4b. Eocene. River Murray Cliffs, near Morgan; Nine-Mile Camp, near Nor’West Bend; Muddy Creek, Corio Bay; Schnapper Point, Victoria; Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay, Australia. Holotype and 15 paratypes SAM T 249A. Dentalium (Laevidentalium) subfissura (Tate, 1887) (fide Ludbrook 1959: 146, 147, pl. 2, fig. 3). subfusiforme, Siphonodentalium M. Sars, 1865a: 301, pls 6, 7, figs 36-44. Recent. Drøbach, Langesund and Flekkefjord, 50-120 fms; Bergen, 50-60 fms; Lofoten, 100-300 fms [west coast of Norway, 91548 m]. Syntypes SMNH 4626 (Norway, Lofoten, 360-540 m). Cadulus subfusiformis (M. Sars, 1865) (fide Jeffreys 1867: 251). Eastern Atlantic: Northern Europe to Northern Africa. 73-1185 m. † subgiganteum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852 (volume 3): 94. Miocene, “Falunian”. Navidad, Chile. Replacement name for Dentalium giganteum J. de C. Sowerby, 1846 non Phillips, 1829. Junior synonym: Dentalium corrugatum Hupé in Gay, 1854 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 217). † subgracile, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 185. Paleocene. Jutland, Denmark. Replacement name for Dentalium gracile Grönwall & Harder, 1907 non Dentalium gracile Hall & Meek, 1854, nec Moore, 1866, nec Jeffreys, 1870, nec Philippi, 1887. 650 † subirregulare, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 217. Pliocene, Astian stage. Gallina, Reggio, Calabria, Italy. Replacement name for Dentalium irregulare Seguenza, 1879 non Dentalium irregularis Risso, 1826 nec Hutton, 1873. † subjuvenis, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var. Sacco, 1897: 109, pl. 9, fig. 55 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.03.030 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 308). sublaeve, Dentalium Hall in Miller, 1877: 244. Carboniferous. Iowa, USA. Objective junior synonym of Prodentalium obsoletum (Hall, 1858). Remarks: introduced as a replacement name for Dentalium obsoletum Hall, 1858 non Schlotheim, 1832. However, Schlotheim’s name is a nomen nudum. Dentalium sublaeve is also a junior homonym of Dentalium dentalis var. sublaevis Cocconi, 1874. sublaevigata, Dentalium semivestitum var. Locard, 1898: 108. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Fissidentalium semivestitum (Fischer in Locard, 1898). † sublaevis, Dentalium dentalis var. Cocconi, 1874: 648. Miocene. Vigoleno, Italy. Said by Cocconi to be the same as Dentalium obsoletum Doderlein, 1862 [nomen nudum]. sublaevis, Dentalium sexangulum var. Coppi, 1881: 85. Pliocene. Savignano and Zappolino, Italy. Nomen nudum. † sublineatum, Dentalium Stephenson, 1952: 142, 143, pl. 34, fig. 3. Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian, Woodbine Formation. Lamar County Locality 201, near old Slate Shoals, Red River, 8 miles E of Arthur City, Lamar County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 105607; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 105608-105609. subornata, Dentalium semivestitum var. Locard, 1898: 109. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Fissidentalium semivestitum (Fischer in Locard, 1898). † subovatum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 587, 588, pl. 45, fig. 7. Jurassic, “Lower Lias”. Redcar, Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom. For Dentalium compressum sensu Terquem 1885 non d’Orbigny, 1850. Progadilina subovata (Richardson, 1906) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 38). † subparvulum, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 185. Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Leckhampton Station claypit, Cheltenham, England, United Kingdom. Replacement name for Dentalium parvulum Richardson, 1906 non Philippi, 1887. Laevidentalium subparvulum (Emerson, 1954) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 38). † subplanum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 228. Cretaceous. Blackdown, England, United Kingdom. Replacement name for Dentalium cylindricum sensu Gardner 1878 non J. Sowerby, 1814. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) † subpolitum, Siphonodentalium (Dischides) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917: 185, 186, pl. 2, figs 8-10. Miocene. Giraudeau, Lagus and Pont-Pourquey, France. Replacement name for Gadus politus Benoist, 1873 non Cadulus politus (S. Wood, 1842). † subprismaticum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Baluk, 1972: 450, 451, pl. 6, figs 2-7, text-fig. 2. Miocene, Lower Tortonian (Badenian). Korytnica, 24 km SSW of Kielce, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Holotype and paratypes, Baluk collection. † subquadrangulare, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 185. Mesozoic. Morea, Peloponnesus, Greece. Replacement name for Dentalium quadrangulare Deshayes 1835 non Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832. † subquadratum, Dentalium Meek, 1860: 311. Jurassic. North Platte River, at Red Buttes, 42°50’N, 106°40’W, Wyoming, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 677 (slab with numerous specimens). subquadratum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 588, 589, pl. 45, fig. 8. Jurassic, Sinemurian. Honeybourne, near Evesham, England, United Kingdom. Junior homonym of Dentalium subquadratum Meek, 1860. The replacement name, Dentalium richardsoni Emerson, 1954, is itself a junior homonym of Dentalium richardsoni Cossmann, 1907. Replacement name: Dentalium sabrinae Engeser & Riedel, 1992. subrecta, Dentalium agile var. Locard, 1898: 117. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars ex M. Sars, 1872). subrecta, Dentalium scamnatum var. Locard, 1898: 110. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Dentalium scamnatum, a junior synonym of Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877). † subrecta, Dentalium sexangulare var. Cocconi, 1874: 645. Pliocene. Castell’Arquato, Italy. subrectum, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1883: 661. Recent. Philippines. Holotype USNM 176124. Junior homonym of Dentalium sexangulare var. subrecta Cocconi, 1874. Episiphon virgula (Hedley, 1903) (fide Scarabino 1995: 287). Remarks: since Habe (1964: 29) claimed that E. subrectum was a junior homonym of the fossil taxon Dentalium sexangulum var. subrecta Cocconi, 1873, Hedley’s (1903) name is the oldest available one for this species, and not Episiphon subrectum var. makiyamai (Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933). V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001), based on examination of the type material, suggested that the status of D. subrectum vis-à-vis Laevidentalium eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767) requires further research. subrectum, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 185, pl. 10, figs 180, 181; 1887: 185, pl. 10, figs 180, 181. Miocene. Ngembak and Grissee, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7239 (1), RGM 7240 (1), RGM 7238 (1), RGM 7241 (1) (fide Van den Hoek ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Ostende et al. 2002: 112). Junior homonym of Dentalium sexangulum var. subrecta Cocconi, 1873. Dentalium teschi Koperberg, 1931. Remark: this name introduced as subspecies by Koperberg (1931) has priority over the replacement name Dentalium semarangense Altena, 1938. † subregulare, Dentalium Palmer, 1974: 124. Triassic. Granietz, Upper Silesia, Poland. Replacement name for Dentalium regulare Ahlburg, 1906 non E. A. Smith, 1903. † subserratum, Dentalium Palmer, 1974: 125. Miocene. Grissee, Java, Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7270 (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). Replacement name for Dentalium serratum Martin, 1885 non Pictet & Roux, 1849 (Polychaeta). † subsexangulare, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852 (volume 3): 94. Miocene, Falunian. Piemont, Dertona, Italy. Replacement name for Dentalium sexangulare sensu Deshayes 1825 non Lamarck, 1818. Tentative junior synonym: Dentalium noe Sismonda, 1847 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 215). Remarks: d’Orbigny (1852) erroneously credited sexangulare to Gmelin, 1791 instead of Lamarck, 1818; Gmelin (1791) is author of Dentalium sexangulum. Dentalium subsexangulatum [d’Orbigny, 1852 (Index): 59] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. subsexangulatum, see subsexangulare. substriata, Teredo Conrad, 1849: 728, pl. 20, figs 7, 7a, 7b. Miocene. Astoria, Oregon, USA. Types not located. A junior secondary homonym of Dentalium substriatum Deshayes, 1825. Replacement names: Dentalium pseudonyma Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898; Dentalium conradi Dall; 1909 Dentalium petricola Dall, 1909. Remark: this species was independently renamed twice; see Emerson (1958) for further discussion. † substriatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 366, 367, pl. 18, figs 1, 2. Eocene. Parnes, Chaumont and l’Orme, Paris Basin, France. Types not located. For Dentalium fissura sensu J. Sowerby 1823 non Lamarck, 1818. Remarks: this species was misidentified as Dentalium acuticosta Deshayes, 1825 by Dixon (1850: 96) (fide Deshayes 1864: 208). A valid species of Antalis (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). subterfissum, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1877: 154, 155. Recent. Localities of syntypes: USNM 175017 (Porcupine 1869 stn 19a), USNM 175018 (Porcupine 1869 stn 16, 54°19’N, 11°50’W, 816 fms [1489 m]), USNM 175019 (Valorous stn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms [Greenland, 2646 m]), USNM 175020 (Porcupine 1869 stn 21, 55°40’N, 12°46’W, 1476 fms [2694 m]); BMNH 85.11.5.1393-1394 (Porcupine, without locality). Heteroschismoides subterfissus (Jeffreys, 1877) (fide Henderson 1920: 58, as Dentalium (Heteroschisma) subterfissum). Western Atlantic: Caribbean to Brazil; Eastern Atlantic: Greenland to West Africa. 651 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. 940-3109 m. Remark: also described from Challenger Exp. (station number not given), 37°26’N, 45°14’W, 1000 fms [1825 m], but this type lot was neither located in BMNH nor mentioned by Warén (1980). subterlineatum, Dentalium Tomlin, 1931: 337. Recent. Off Cape Point [South Africa], 900 fms [1642 m]. Lectotype SAFM 6192 (designated by Giles & Gosliner 1983: 41); paralectotype NMW (1). Entalina subterlineata (Tomlin, 1931) (fide Chistikov 1982c: 1497). South Africa. 690-1645 m. subtilis, Cadulus (Gadila) Plate, 1908a: 360, pl. 30, fig. 48. Recent. Near Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, Valdivia stn 244, 5°55.8’S, 39°1.2’E, 50 m. Lectotype ZMB 61108a (designated by Kilias 1995: 176); paralectotypes ZMB 61108b (1), ZMB 63842 (4). Gadila subtilis (Plate, 1908) (fide Jaeckel 1932: 310). Known from the type locality only. Remark: Jaeckel (1932: 310) remarked upon certain similarities with Ditrupa (Polychaeta), and Kilias (1995: 176) parenthetically remarked that this taxon is probably Ditrupa. Plate’s illustration indeed resembles a worm tube, and the taxon may have to be removed from the Scaphopoda after examination of the types. subtorquatum, Dentalium Fischer, 1871: 212, 218, pl. 11, fig. 1. Recent. Suez, Red Sea. Lectotype and 4 paralectotypes MNHN (designated by Scarabino 1995: 286). Junior synonyms: Dentalium anulosum Brazier, 1877; Dentalium tornatum Watson, 1879; Dentalium (Episiphon) sewelli Ludbrook, 1954 (fide Scarabino 1995: 286). Episiphon subtorquatum (Fischer, 1871) (fide Habe & Kosuge 1964: 8). Indo-Pacific: South Africa to New Caledonia and Fiji; Eastern Atlantic: South Africa. 17-650 m. Remark: Lamprell & Healy (1998: 104) listed anulosum as a valid species of Omniglypta. † subtrigonale, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 589, pl. 45, fig. 2. Jurassic, Pliensbachian. Folly-Lane clay pit, Cheltenham, England, United Kingdom. Progadilina subtrigonalis (Richardson, 1906) (fide Engeser & Riedel 1992: 39). subula, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 135, 136, pl. 19, fig. 5. Recent. Off Bahia Honda, Cuba, USBF stn 2352, 22°35’N, 84°23’W, 463 fms [845 m]. Holotype USNM 323113. Gadila subula (Henderson, 1920). Known from the type locality only. subulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † sueroi, Calstevenus Sabattini, 1979: 23-25, pl. 1, figs 4-9. Lower Permian, Tepuel Group. Subida del Paisano, Sierra de Languineo, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MLP 13169; paratypes MLP 13167, 13168, 13170, 13171. † sulcatulum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 987, 988, pl. 59, figs 14, 15. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf, Germany. sulcatum, Dentalium Schumacher, 1817: 263 [citing Martini 1769: I t. I f. 4A]. Type locality not speci- 652 fied. Types not located. Junior synonym of Fissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791); both taxa are based upon the same illustrations from Martini 1769. sulcatum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 343. Eocene. Grignon, France. Junior homonym of Dentalium sulcatum Schumacher, 1817; replacement name: Dentalium potiezi Le Renard, 1994. sulcatum, Dentalium (Antalis) occidentale var. Verrill, 1884: 217. Recent. Georges Bank [Massachusetts]. Syntypes USNM 38398 (1; USBF 2079, Albatross stn 2079, 41°13’N, 66°19’50”W, 75 fms [137 m]), USNM 35093 (4; USBF 2077, 1255 fms [2290 m]). Junior homonym of Dentalium sulcatum Schumacher, 1817 and Dentalium sulcatum Lamarck, 1818. Replacement name: Dentalium (Antalis) occidentale georgiense Henderson, 1920: 43. Synonym of Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851). † sulcosum, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby, 1846: 263, pl. 2, fig. 2. Tertiary. Navidad, Chile. Junior synonyms: Dentalium majus J. de C. Sowerby, 1846; D. gayi Philippi, 1887 (fide Ortmann 1902: 157, 159; by First Reviser action, according to ICZN 1999: article 24). sumatrense, Dentalium (Compressidens) Plate, 1908a: 350 (illustrated in Jaeckel 1932: 304, text-fig. 3). Recent. Sumatra, Valdivia stn 186, 3°22.1’S, 101°11.5’E, 903 m. Holotype ZMB 61081 (fide Kilias 1995: 176). Compressidentalium sumatrense (Plate, 1908) (fide Scarabino 1995: 264). IndoPacific: Indonesia. 750-903 m. summa, Polyschides Okutani, 1964: 79, 80 [ex Kuroda MS] (nomen nudum in Habe 1953: 298; 1963: 278). Recent. Sagami Bay, Japan, 700-780 m; off Kushikino, Japan, 730-760 m. Types in NSMT(?). Siphonodentalium summa (Okutani, 1964) (fide Habe 1964: 51). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 700-780 m. Remark: Siphonodentalium magnum (Boissevain, 1906) may be a senior synonym of this species (Habe 1964: 51). † sundkrogensis, Dentalium (Dentalium) Schnetler, 2001: 43, 44, pl. 1, figs 10, 11. Selandian, Paleocene. Sundkrogen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Holotype MGUH 24839; paratype MGUH 24838. Remark: Schnetler determined that some specimens identified in the literature as Dentalium rugiferum von Koenen 1885 were actually a distinct, new species. † sunieri, Dentalium (Antalis) Koperberg, 1931: 31, 32, pl. 1, fig. 4. Neogene/Quaternary. Locality 5, “Toi Oesapi Soka aan de [on the] Noi Lioe (gemengd met fossielen von Nono Fatoe Fekoe),” [mixed with fossils from Nono Fatoe Fekoe] Timor. † superbus, Dentalium Brunet, 1995: 52, 53, pl. 5, fig. 6. Upper Miocene, Entrerriense Formation. Baliza Punta Flecha, Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province, Argentina. Holotype MPEF-PI-079. suteri, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 185. Recent. Port Pegasus, Stewart Island, New Zealand, 33 m. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Holotype ( of Dentalium arenarium Suter) NZIGN TM1219 (fide Boreham 1959: 75); paratypes SAM D 16001 (fide Zeidler & Macphail 1978: 83), ZMB 61911 (fide Kilias 1995: 172). Replacement name for Dentalium arenarium Suter, 1913 non Römer, 1855. Antalis suteri (Emerson, 1954) (fide Dell 1957: 573). Pacific Ocean: Australia, New Zealand. 33-374 m. sutherlandi, Polyschides Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 169, 170, figs 174D, 175F, 179. Recent. Off Cairns, northern Queensland, Australia, 17°22’S, 146°48’E, 296-303 m. Holotype QM MO53677; paratypes QM MO45834 (1), QM MO40085 (11), AMS C172620 (1; E of North West Island, Queensland, 23°15.2’S, 152°24.1’E, 284 m), AMS C173955 (4; mouth of Caiman Creek, Berkeley Bay, Port Essington, Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory [Australia]). Polyschides sutherlandi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern and eastern Australia. 243-1764 m. † suzukii, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Yokoyama, 1929: 14, 15, pl. 7, figs 6, 6a. Pliocene. Tonohama, near Yasuda, Aki County, Tosa Prefecture, Japan. Holotype Geol. Survey of Japan (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209). † syltense, Fissidentalium floratum subsp. R. Janssen, 1989: 84, 85, pl. 1, figs 7-9. Upper Miocene, Syltian. Morsumkliff, Sylt, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Holotype SMF 308309; paratypes SMF 308310, SMF 308311/20, RGM 220270/32. † sylvaerupis, Serpulorbis Harris, 1899: 73, pl. 10, fig. 1. Lower Eocene. Woods Bluff, Tombigbee River, Clark County, Alabama, USA. Holotype PRI 268 (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 793). Remark: transferred from the Polychaeta to the Scaphopoda: Dentaliidae by Palmer & Brann (1965: 369). syriacum, Dentalium Fraas, 1867: 95 [attributed to “Conrad”]. Cretaceous. Syria. Junior synonym of Dentalium cretaceum Conrad, 1852 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 221; Blanckenhorn 1927: 123). † taeniolatum, Dentalium Sandberger & Sandberger, 1856: 241, pl. 26, fig. 21, 21a. Carboniferous. Nassau, Germany. taiwanum, Dentalium aprinum Kuroda, 1941: 149, pl. 14, fig. 45. Recent. Takao, Taiwan. Types in NSMT. Junior synonym of Dentalium aprinum Linnaeus, 1767 (fide Scarabino 1995: 198). takakoae, Graptacme Tsuchida & Tachi, 1999: 9-11, figs 1-12 [ex Kira MS]. Recent. Ise Bay, Mie Prefecture, central Japan. Holotype NSMT Mo 71400; paratype NSMT Mo 71401. Graptacme takakoae Tsuchida & Tachi, 1999. Known from the type locality only. Remark: this name was first used in the “Yume-Hamaguri” which was a handwritten Japanese malacological journal. Because it was hand-written, it was not a valid publication (ICZN 1999: article 9.1). In 1994, several unnamed members of the Tokai Shell Club compiled various articles from “Yume-Hamaguri” ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) and other sources, and republished them in a typeset format (Anonymous 1994: 10, pl. 3, fig. 7 [ex Kira MS]). Although properly printed, this 1994 book was anonymously published, and hence is not a valid publication (ICZN 1999: articles 14, 50.1). taphrium, Dentalium Dall, 1889: 422. Recent. Between Mississippi Delta and Cedar Keys, USBF stn 2405, 28°45’N, 85°02’W, 30 fms [55 m]. Lectotype USNM 95320 (designated by Henderson 1920: 53); paralectotypes USNM 92891, USNM 92819 (2; USFC stn 2598), USNM 93119 (2; USFC stn 2608), USNM 93120 (14; USFC stn 2612), MCZ 7690 (8; USFC stn 2612), USFC, Havana, 182 fms [332 m] not located. Antalis taphria (Dall, 1889) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 58). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Cape Hatteras (North Carolina, USA) to Brazil. 15-692 m. tarentinum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 345. Recent. Gulf of Tarento [Italy]. Possible syntypes MHNG 1081/57 (7; fide Y. Finet in litt. 16.X.1996). Junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 41). Remark: Palmer (1987b) argued that this taxon was a distinct species and not a junior synonym of Antalis vulgaris. tasmaniensis, Dentalium Tenison-Woods, 1877: 140. Recent. Northwest coast of Tasmania, Australia. Type material apparently lost (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 172, citing E. Turner, TMH, pers. comm.). Cotton & Godfrey (1940: 327) gave measurements of the purported holotype, but their figure 348 depicts a subfossil specimen from South Australia. Lamprell & Healy (1998: 172) concluded that this was an unrecognizable species. † tatei, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 218. Upper Eocene. Glauconitic sands, Adelaide bore, Kent Town, South Australia, Australia. Holotype and 6 paratypes SAM T 252A. Replacement name for Dentalium triquetrum Tate, 1887 non Brocchi, 1814. Dentalium (Gadilina) tatei Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 (fide Ludbrook 1959: 144, pl. 1, fig. 5). † tauraspera, Dentalium (Antale) bouei var. Sacco, 1897: 99, pl. 8, figs 14-17 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Stazzano, Italy. Lectotype MIGT BS.106.02.011 (selected by Pavia, 1991: 148); paralectotypes MIGT BS.106.02.008BS.106.02.010 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 303). Fissidentalium tauroasperum (Sacco, 1897) (fide Pavia 1991: 148-150, pl. 5, figs 1, 3, 6-8; table 5). Remark: Pavia (1991) emended the species name from “tauraspera” to “tauroasperum”. † tauroasperum, Fissidentalium Pavia, 1991: 148-150, pl. 5, figs 1, 3, 6-8. Emendation of Dentalium (Antale) bouei var. tauraspera Sacco, 1897. † taurocostatum, Dentalium (Antale “?”) Sacco, 1897: 101, pl. 8, figs 50-54 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Lectotype MIGT BS.106.02.043 (selected by Pavia 1991: 121); paralectotypes MIGT BS.106.02.043, 653 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. BS.106.02.044, BS.106.02.046 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 304, pl. 56, figs 7, 8). Antalis taurocostata (Sacco, 1897) (fide Pavia 1991: 120123, pl. 3, figs 1-7). † taurogracilis, Dentalium (Antale) bouei var. Sacco, 1897: 99, pl. 8, figs 19-21 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.013, BS.106.02.014 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 303). † taurogracilis, Dentalium (Gadilina) triquetra var. Sacco, 1897: 114, pl. 10, figs 44-46 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.07.013-BS.106. 07.010 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 309). Fustiaria taurogracilis (Sacco, 1897) (fide Báldi 1973: 339, pl. 51, fig. 4). † taurominima, Cadulus (Loxoporus) Sacco, 1897: 116, pl. 10, fig. 78 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntype MIGT BS.106.11.001 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 310). † taurostriata, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897: 109, pl. 9, figs 47-52 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Miocene. Turin hills and Baldissero, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.03.026, BS.106.03.027 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 307, pl. 56, fig. 4). † taurotumidosus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Sacco, 1897: 115, pl. 10, figs 68-73 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.10.008, BS.106.10.009 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 310, pl. 55, figs 11, 12). † taurovulus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Sacco, 1897: 115, pl. 10, figs 64-67 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 98]. Miocene. Turin hills, Italy. Lectotype MIGT BS.106.10.006 (selected by Pavia 1991: 134); paralectotypes MIGT BS.106.10.005, BS.106.10.007 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 310, pl. 55, figs 7, 8). teliger, Cadulus Finlay, 1926: 444, pl. 19, figs 53, 54. Tertiary of New Zealand. Recent off Auckland Island, 95 fms [New Zealand, 173 m]. Holotype AIM; paratypes ANSP 232249, DMNH 22370 (fide Mikkelsen & Bradford 1997: 44). Cadulus teliger Finlay, 1926. Pacific Ocean: New Zealand. 9-365 m. tenax, Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum Henderson, 1920: 52, pl. 7, fig. 3. Recent. Barbados, Blake stn 272, 76 fms [139 m]. Holotype USNM 887472. Synonym of Antalis cerata (Dall, 1881) (n. syn.). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Barbados. 60-182 m. † tenue, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 2, pl. 166, fig. 6 [ex Münster MS]. Jurassic. Pappenheim, Eichstadt, Bavaria, Germany. tenue, Dentalium Portlock, 1843: 118. Jurassic, Liassic. Aghanloo, Ballymaglin and Ballycarton; Magilligan, Craig and Gortmore, Ireland. Holotype Museum of Practical Geology, London, No. 5799 (fide Richardson 1906: 584) (now in BMNH?). 654 Junior homonym of Dentalium tenue Goldfuss, 1841. Replacement name: Dentalium portlocki Tate, 1870, a junior objective synonym of Laevidentalium minimum (Buckman in Murchison, 1845). Remark: Tate (1870b: 17) suggested that Dentalium andleri Oppel, 1856 “is probably a synonym” of this species, “but, assuming that the two names refer to the same species, the imperfect diagnosis of Oppel justifies me in discarding his name”. † tenue, Gadila Ozaki, 1956: 2, 3, pl. 1, fig. 7. Miocene. Nisinotani, Nobori, Hane Town, Aki County, Kôti Prefecture, Japan. Holotype NSMT 4375. † tenuicincta, Fustiaria Gougerot, 1968: 236. Eocene, Upper Bartonian. Le Ruel, near Marines, Val-d’Oise, France. Remark: a valid species of Plagioglypta (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85). † tenuicinctum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892: 983, 984, pl. 59, figs 5, 6. Lower Oligocene. Lattorf and Calbe, Germany. † tenuicostatum, Dentalium Böhm, 1891: 69, pl. 2, fig. 34. Cretaceous. Gerhardtstreiter Graben, near Siegsdorf, southern Bavaria, Germany. tenuicostatum, Fissidentalium Qi & Ma, 1989: 114, 115, figs 5a, b. Recent. South China Sea, 61117 m. Type depository not indicated (?IOS). Fissidentalium tenuicostatum Qi & Ma, 1989. Indo-Pacific: China Sea. 61-117 m. tenuifissum, Pseudantalis Monterosato, 1875: 20. Recent. Mediterranean. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Fustiaria rubescens (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 106). † tenuis, Dentalium Hutton, 1873b: 1. Eocene, Otatara Group. Whangape Lake, Waikato, New Zealand; Raglan, New Zealand. Lectotype NZGS TM4806 (designated by Keyes 1972: 95). tenuis, Dentalium novemcostatum var. Monterosato, 1878: 76 (non tenuis Hutton, 1873, fossil). Recent. Nomen nudum. † tenuis, Helonyx Seguenza, 1879: 118, pl. 11, fig. 50. Miocene. Reggio, Calabria, Italy. Cadulus tenuis (Seguenza, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 239). † tenuissimum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1876: 117, 118, pl. 4, fig. 3; 1898: 93, 94, pl. 4i fig. 3. Devonian? Yaas, New South Wales, Australia. † tenuistriata, Cyrtoconella Patrulius, 1996: 18, pl. 5, figs 8, 9. Jurassic, Bathonian/Lower Callovian. Crisul Repede, Vadu Crisului, Apuseni Mountains, northwestern Romania. Holotype IGG P-17196; paratypes IGG P-17197 (19). Remark: Patrulius tentatively referred his new species to the Scaphopoda. † tenuistriatum, Dentalium Rouault, 1850: 473, pl. 15, fig. 5. Eocene. Bos d’Arros, near Pau, France. tenuistriatum, Dentalium Martin, 1880: 88, pl. 12, fig.12. Miocene. Locality R, Tji-Karang, E of Tijieri, Kendeg district, Sukapura Regency, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes RGM 7272 (5) (fide Van den ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112, pl. 3). Junior homonym of Dentalium tenuistriatum Rouault, 1850; replacement name: Fissidentalium ortus Palmer, 1974. tenuistriatum, Dentalium Tavera, 1942: 600. Tertiary. Arauco, Chile. Nomen nudum. Remarks: Feruglio (1949b: 239) cited this name, but did not validate it. We could not determine if this name was ever validated; if so, it would be a junior homonym of Dentalium tenuistriatum Rouault, 1850 and Martin, 1880. tenuistriatum, Dentalium klipsteini “n.f.” Zardini, 1978: 56, pl. 39, figs 19, 22, 23, pl. 40, fig. 13. Triassic, St. Cassian Formation. Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy. Remarks: this taxon is an infrasubspecific name, pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 46.6.3, and therefore is not an available name pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 46.5. Stiller (2001: 630) erroneously used this name as a valid subspecies of Prodentalium klipsteini (Kittl, 1891). † tenuisulcatum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Hölzl, 1962: 135, 136, pl. 8, fig. 7. Oligocene, Chattian. Isarufer am Kalvarienberg (Tölz), Bavaria, Germany. Holotype Bayerisches Staatsammlung für Paläontologie und Historische Geologie 2160 (Sammlung Hölzl). teramachii, Entalina Habe, 1953: 299. Nomen nudum. Remark: validated by Kuroda & Habe in Habe 1963: 273, pl. 38, figs 12, 13. teramachii, Entalina Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1963: 273, pl. 38, figs 12, 13. As a nomen nudum in Habe (1953: 299). Recent. Tosa Bay, Shikoku, Japan, 200 m. Holotype and paratype NSMT. Junior synonym of Megaentalina mediocarinata (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe 1964: 42). teres, Siphodentalium Jeffreys, 1883: 661, pl. 49, fig. 5. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntypes BMNH 85.11.5.1318-1319 (Porcupine 1870 stn 16-17a [off Portugal]; stn 16: 39°55’N, 9°56’W, 994 fms [1723 m]; stn 17: 39°42’N, 9°43’W, 6001095 fms [1095-1998 m]; stn 17a: 39°39’N, 9°39’W, 740 fms [1351 m]). Pulsellum teres (Jeffreys, 1883) n. comb. Eastern Atlantic: Europe. 1095-2400 m. † terquemi, Dentalium Richardson, 1906: 589, 590 [ex Tate MS]. Jurassic, Hettangian. Aiglemont, France. Remark: Engeser & Riedel (1992: 39) stated that this species was a nomen dubium. tersus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Henderson, 1920: 149, 150, pl. 20, fig. 4. Recent. Off Barbados, State Univ. Iowa Exp. stn 51, 33 fms [60 m]. Holotype USNM 596600. Cadulus tersus Henderson, 1920. Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 60-137 m. † teschi, Dentalium subrectum subsp. Koperberg, 1931: 25, 26. Neogene/Quaternary. Locality 1 (“Clypeasterblok Noil Boenoe”); locality 2 (“Tusschen [between] Niki-Niki en [and] Horst Pené”); locality 4 (“Omgeving van Niki-Niki (gekocht van [purchased from (Mr.?)] Venema)”); ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) locality 6 (“Nono Fatoe Fekoe (gemengd met [mixed with (shells from)] Toi Oesapi Soka)”), Timor. Junior synonym: Dentalium semarangense Altena, 1938. Dentalium teschi Koperberg, 1931. Remark: see under Dentalium subrectum Martin, 1885. tessellatum, Dentalium Scarabino, 1995: 214, 215, figs 21a-e, 22. Recent. Philippines, RV Coriolis MUSORSTOM 3, stn DR140, 11°43’N, 122°34’E, 93-99 m. Holotype and 3 paratypes MNHN. Junior synonym of Entalinopsis habutae (Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933) (V. Scarabino, n. syn.). tesseragonum, Dentalium Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832: 29, pl. 224, figs 21, 22. Recent. Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; Puerto Portrero [Costa Rica]; Xipixapi, Colombia. Syntypes BMNH 1950.11.5.15-18. Tesseracme tesseragona (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 34). Eastern Pacific: Colombia, Costa Rica. 16-23 m. tetragonum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Brocchi, 1814: 627, 628, pl. 15, fig. 26. Pliocene. Northern Italy. Holotype and paratype MSNM 505 (fide Rossi Ronchetti 1955: 342, 343, fig. 185). Junior synonyms: Dentalium quinquangulare Forbes, 1844 (fide Monterosato 1872: 27); Siphonodentalium pentagonum M. Sars, 1865 (fide M. Sars 1870: 195, placing S. pentagonum in synonymy with quinquangulare); Dentalium karreri Hörnes, 1875 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 234). Entalina tetragona (Brocchi, 1814) (fide Monterosato 1872: 27). Eastern Atlantic: Europe; Mediterranean. 68-2664 m. Remark: Pavia (1991: 133) suggested that Entalina viallii Caprotti, 1962 might also be a junior synonym. tetrapleurum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 41, 42, pl. 6, fig. 37. Recent. Anchorage of Djankar, Java, Siboga stn 4, 7°42’S, 114°12.6’E, 9 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.049 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 224); paralectotype ZMA 3.06.050 (1; Ruma-Kuda Bay, Roma Island, Siboga stn 279, 36 m). Tesseracme tetrapleura (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe & Kosuge 1964: 5, as synonym of T. quadrapicale; this synonymy was rejected by Scarabino 1995: 224). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to New Caledonia. 9-70 m. tetraschistum, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 521 [Watson 1886: 15, pl. 2, fig. 8]. Recent. Anchorage off Fernando Noronha Island [Brazil], Challenger stn 113a, 3°57’S, 32°24’30”W, 7-25 fms [1346 m]. Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.66. Junior synonyms: Siphonodentalium quadridentatum Dall, 1881; Cadulus incisus Bush, 1885; Cadulus (Polyschides) quadridentatus acompsus Henderson, 1920 (fide Scarabino 1980: 11). Polyschides tetraschistus (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 148). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: North Carolina (USA) to Argentina. 0-120 m. tetrodon, Cadulus (Polyschides) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 151, 152, pl. 29, figs 14-18. Recent. 5 miles off 655 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Cape Florida, 8 fms [15 m]. Syntypes ANSP 71070 (5), USNM 84953, AMNH 148360. Polyschides tetrodon (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898). Western Atlantic, Florida. 5-155 m. Remarks: Scarabino (1994: 310) listed this name as a junior synonym of P. tetraschistus (Watson, 1879), rejecting his previous conclusions (Scarabino 1980: 12) that this was a valid species. Since Scarabino (1994) did not explain why he changed his mind, and because the descriptions and comparison of tetrodon and tetraschistus given by Pilsbry & Sharp (1898) clearly indicate two distinct species, the synonymy with tetraschistus by Scarabino (1994) is here rejected. Boyko & Sage (1996: 31) listed the AMNH specimen as a paralectotype, although Henderson’s (1920: 101) citation to ANSP 71070 as the “type” referred to a lot containing 5 specimens, without designating a lectotype. texasianum, Dentalium Philippi, 1849: 144. Recent. Galveston, Texas. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Paradentalium americanum (Chenu, 1843) (fide Scarabino 1975: 183). † thalloides, Dentalium Conrad, 1833: 34, pl. 15, fig. 10. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. Lectotype ANSP 65242 (designated by Palmer 1937: 14); paralectotype ANSP 65243 (6). Junior synonyms: Dentalium alternatum Lea, 1833; Dentalium asgum de Gregorio, 1890; Dentalium asgum var. tirpum de Gregorio, 1890; Dentalium bimixtum de Gregorio, 1890 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 218). Dentalium thaloides [de Gregorio, 1890: 171] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † thallus, Dentalium Conrad, 1834: 142. Miocene. Suffolk, Virginia, USA. Cadulus thallus (Conrad, 1834) (fide Dall 1892: 445 and Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 239). thaloides, see thalloides. thetidis, Dentalium Hedley, 1903: 327, fig. 61. Recent. 5-8 miles off Port Kembla, New South Wales, Australia, 63-75 fms [115-137 m]. Lectotype AMS C16212 (designated by Colman 1958: 141, 142 as “holotype”); paralectotypes AMS C170641 (2; off Cape Three Points, 41-50 fms [7591 m]). Striodentalium thetidis (Hedley, 1903) (fide Scarabino 1995: 239). Indo-Pacific: Australia, Philippines. 80-242 m. Remark: Lamprell & Healy (1998: 48) listed Entalinopsis intercostata (Boissevain, 1906) as a junior synonym of this species. thielei, Cadulus Plate, 1908b: 3, 4, text-figs 6-11. Recent. Deutsche Südpolar Exp. stn 56, 380385 m. Lectotype ZMB 59726a (designated by Kilias 1995: 177); paralectotype ZMB 59726b (4). Cadulus thielei Plate, 1908. East Antarctica. 362385 m. thomassini, Pulsellum Scarabino, 1995: 321-322, figs 123, 125b. Recent. Madagascar, Northeast Banc du Geyser, BENTHEDI stn DR11, 12°16.3’S, 46°42.2’E, 2450-2300 m. Holotype 656 MNHN; paratypes MNHN (6 from DR11; 2 from DR88, 11°46’S, 47°34’E, 3700 m; 2 from DS106, 20°28’S, 55°05’E, 1710-1730 m; 2 from DS151, 20°51’S, 56°03’E, 3240-3300 m). Pulsellum thomassini Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to New Caledonia. 1730-3716 m. tibanum, Dentalium (Antalis) Nomura, 1940: 101, 102, pl. 1, fig. 11. Recent. E of Inubo-zaki, Japan, Husa-Maru stn 15, 40 m. Syntypes SHM 17981 (10). Junior synonym: Antalis boissevainae Palmer, 1974, a replacement name for Dentalium entalis var. indicum Boissevain, 1906 non Dentalium indicum Chenu, 1843 (fide Habe 1964: 19; in contrast to Habe 1963: 262, where he did not synonymize the two species). Antalis tibana (Nomura, 1940) (fide Habe 1961: 105). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan and Vanuatu. 0-200 m. † tigillum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1931: 194, pl. 11, figs 5, 6. Neogene. Unetomari, Obirashibets, Teshio, Japan; Morai, near Atsuta, Ishikari, Japan. Syntype GIUT (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209). tignum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Colman, 1958: 141, fig. 1. Recent. 35 miles E of Sydney, New South Wales, 800 fms [1460 m]. Holotype AMS C24485; paratype AMS C170643 (27.5 miles E of Sydney, New South Wales, 550 m; fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 29). Junior synonym of Paradentalium hemileuron (Verco, 1911) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 29). tirpum, Dentalium asgum var. de Gregorio, 1890: 172. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama. Type material lost (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 369). Junior synonym of Dentalium thalloides Conrad, 1833 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 218). tiwhana, Dentalium Dell, 1953. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. tolmiei, Cadulus Dall, 1897: 13, pl. 1, fig. 8. Recent. Near Victoria, Vancouver Island [British Columbia, Canada], 60 fms [110 m]. Holotype not located; figured paratype USNM 107613 (Shimek [1989: 235] referred to USNM 107613 as the “figured paratype”, but is more likely to be the holotype, since Dall [1897] gave the measurements of a single shell; it is improbable that only a paratype would have been figured in the original). Gadila tolmiei (Dall, 1897) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 181). Eastern Pacific: Canada to California. 80-350 m. Remark: Emerson in Turgeon (1998: 55) placed this species in the genus Polyschides. tomlini, Dentalium Melvill, 1918: 155, 156, pl. 5, fig. 31. Recent. Karachi [Pakistan]. Syntypes BMNH 1921.1.28.36-40, NMW 1955.158.59293 (fide Trew, 1987: 68). Dentalium tomlini Melvill, 1918. Indian Ocean, India. No bathymetric data available. tonosum, see torosum. † tornatissimum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Tate, 1899: 265, 266, pl. 8, figs 7-7a. “Miocene” (Pliocene). Gippsland Lakes, Australia. Holotype and paratype ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) SAM T 1609. Fustiaria tornatissima (Tate, 1899) (fide Ludbrook 1959: 143, 144, pl. 2, figs 6, 7). tornatum, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 518, 519 [Watson 1886: 13, pl. 2, fig. 3]. Recent. Levuka, Fiji, Challenger stn 173, 174, 12 fms [22 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.57-60 (6). Junior synonym of Episiphon subtorquatum (Fischer, 1871) (fide Scarabino 1995: 286). torosum, Dentalium Zenker, 1836: 231, 232. Triassic. Rauhthal, near Jena, Germany. Junior synonym of Dentalium torquatus (Schlotheim, 1820) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 228). Dentalium tonosum [Geinitz, 1837: caption to pl. 1, fig. 2] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † torquatus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 94. Triassic, Wellenkalk. Farrenstadt, near Querfurth, Germany. Entalis torquata (Schlotheim, 1820) (fide Diener 1926: 230). tosaensis, Antalis Habe, 1963: 264, pl. 38, fig. 2. Recent. Off Tosa Bay, Shikoku, Japan, 200 m. Holotype and paratype in NSMT. Striodentalium tosaensis (Habe, 1963) (fide Habe 1964: 23). IndoPacific: Japan. 200-620 m. † totomiensis, Dentalium (Antalis) Makiyama, 1931: 44, 45, pl. 1, figs 2-4. Pliocene, Hosoya Beds. Localities 522 and 523, Totomi, Ugari District, Japan. Holotype FGK (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 209). toyamaense, Dentalium Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933: 11, pl. 1, figs 5, 6. Recent. Toyama Bay, Honshu, Japan, 200-400 m. Syntypes in FGK. Rhabdus toyamaense (Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933) (fide Steiner 1999: 154). Indo-Pacific: Japan. 200-1400 m. Remarks: the original description did not specify a holotype. Habe (1963: 269) referred to the “type and paratype specimens”, but did not indicate which specimen was the “type”, so this did not constitute a valid lectotype designation. trachea, Dentalium Montagu, 1803. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. tracheatum, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) Boissevain, 1906: 56, 57, pl. 4, fig. 22. Recent. Indonesia, Banda Sea, Siboga stn 208, 05°39’S, 122°12’E, 1886 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.076 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 297); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.075 (3; Flores Sea, Siboga stn 45, 7°24’S, 118°15.2’E, 794 m), ZMA 3.06.077 (2), ZMA 3.06.078 (11; Arafura Sea, Siboga stn 271, 5°46.7’S, 134°00’E, 1788 m), ZMA 3.06.079 (4; Timor Sea, Siboga stn 300, 10°47.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m), ZMA 3.06.080 (1, second specimen probably lost; Flores Sea, Siboga stn 314, 7°36’S, 117°30.8’E, 694 m). Junior synonym of Omniglypta cerina (Pilsbry, 1905) (fide Habe 1964: 37; fide Scarabino 1995: 297). transiens, Dentalium (Antalis) kickxi var. Steininger, 1963b: 36, 37, pl. 12, figs 1a, b [nomen nudum in Steininger 1963a: 34]. Burdigal, Lower Miocene. Dornergraben bei Fels am Wagram, Niederö- ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) sterreich [Lower Austria, Austria]. Holotype PIUV 1663. Junior homonym of Dentalium michelottii var. transiens Boettger, 1907. Junior synonym of Antalis kickxii (Nyst, 1843). † transiens, Dentalium michelotti var. Boettger, 1907: 209. Miocene. Parau Ungurului, Valea Semini, and Valea Casilor, Kostej, Romania. Lectotype SMF XIII.1a (designated by Zilch 1934: 279, pl. 22, fig. 28). Junior homonym: Dentalium (Antalis) kickxii var. transiens Steininger, 1963. Dentalium michelottii transiens Boettger, 1907 (fide Zilch 1934: 279). transitorius, Cadulus (Cadulus) Henderson, 1920: 143, 144, pl. 19, figs 6, 7. Recent. Little Bahama Bank, USBF stn 2654, 27°57’30”N, 77°27’30”W, 660 fms [1204 m]. Holotype USNM 330589; paratypes USNM 95375, USNM 108170, USNM 314821, USNM 312822, USNM 314823, USNM 323779, USNM 323813, USNM 330676, AMNH 148334 (8; USBF stn 2668, off Fernandina, Florida, 294 fms [537 m], fide Boyko & Sage 1996: 31), MCZ 7744. Cadulus transitorius Henderson, 1920. Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Bahamas to Brazil. 148-1349 m. translucidum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 362 [42 in reprint], pl. 16, fig. 26. Recent. Type locality not specified. Type material not located. Nomen dubium. Laevidentalium(?) translucidum (Deshayes, 1825) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 99), but not in current use. Remark: generic assignment uncertain. translucidum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 3, fig. 12 [1852: 8]. Recent. Type locality not specified. Type material not located. Junior homonym of Dentalium translucidum Deshayes, 1825. Junior synonym of Graptacme semistriata (Turton, 1819) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 90). † transsilvanicum, Siphonodentalium Boettger, 1897: 55, 56. Miocene. Kostej and Ober-Lapugy, Banat, Romania. Lectotype SMF XIII.4a (designated by Zilch 1934: 279, pl. 22, fig. 26). Siphonodentalium transsylvanicum Boettger, 1897 (fide Zilch 1934: 279). † transversatum, Dentalium Link, 1807: 23. [Fossil]. Sternberg, Germany. transversostriatum, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 32, pl. 4, fig. 23. Recent. Indian Ocean, Off Saleyer, Siboga stn 212, 5°54.5’S, 120°19.2’E, 462 m. Syntypes ZMA 3.06.028-029 (3). Junior synonym of Fissidentalium shoplandi (Jousseaume, 1894) (fide Scarabino 1995: 248). Remark: V. Scarabino (in litt. 5.XI.2001) suggested that the status of F. transversostriatum vis-à-vis F. shoplandi requires further research. † trautscholdi, Dentalium Koenen, 1868: 160. Oligocene. Aral Sea. Junior synonym: Dentalium haeringense Dreger, 1892 (fide Merklin & Goncharova 1967: 118). Dentalium (Coccodentalium) trautscholdi Koenen, 1868 (fide Merklin & Goncharova 1967: 118). 657 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. † tredecimcostatum, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. Sacco, 1897: 104, pl. 8, fig. 70 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. San Agata, Italy. Type material not mentioned by Ferrero Mortara et al. (1984: 305). tricarinatum, Dentalium (Bathoxiphus) Boissevain, 1906: 48, 49, text-fig. 23, pl. 6, figs 40, 41. Recent. Ceram Sea, Siboga stn 178, 2°40’S, 128°37.5’E, 835 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.060 (designated by Habe 1964: 33, 34, and unnecessarily by Scarabino 1995: 316); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.056 (1), ZMA 3.06.057 (1; Banda Sea, Siboga stn 208, 5°39’S, 122°12’E, 1886 m), ZMA 3.06.058 (1; Banda Sea, Siboga stn 211, 5°40.7’S, 120°45.5’E, 1158 m), ZMA 3.06.059 (3; Timor Sea, Siboga stn 300, 10°48.6’S, 123°23.1’E, 918 m). Junior synonym: Dentalium (Compressidens) capense Tomlin, 1931 (fide Scarabino 1995: 316). Rhomboxiphus tricarinatus (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Chistikov 1983: 185). Indo-Pacific: Africa to Japan and Tasman Sea. 495-4830 m. tricostatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1844. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. tridentata, Pertusiconcha Chistikov, 1982a: 678-681, pl. 4, figs 2-13, pl. 5, figs 10, 11. Recent. Tasman Sea, Mendeleev stn 1244, 31°42.6’S, 159°00.2’E, 1640 m. Holotype IOM. Pertusiconcha tridentata Chistikov, 1982. Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to New Zealand. 825-2470 m. † triedra, Serpula Quenstedt, 1856: 200, 329, pl. 25, fig. 55. Jurassic. Dörlbach, Germany. Remarks: Quenstedt (1856: 329) suggested that this species might be referrable to Dentalium; Richardson (1906: 590-592) suggested that this species might be a senior synonym of Dentalium trigonalis Moore, 1866. trigonale, Dentalium Martin, 1885: 191, pl. 10, fig. 192; 1887: 191, pl. 10, fig. 192. Miocene. Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7276 (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). Junior homonym of Dentalium trigonalis Moore, 1866; replacement name: Gadilina trigonaloides Palmer, 1974. † trigonalis, Dentalium “?” Moore, 1866: 86, pl. 5, fig. 22. Jurassic, Middle Lias (Pliensbachian). Camerton, England, United Kingdom. Holotype Geology Museum Bath (England), M973 (fide Palmer, 1987a: 30). Progadilina trigonalis (Moore, 1866) (fide Emerson 1987: 30). Remark: Richardson (1906: 590-592) suggested that Serpula triedra Quenstedt, 1856 might be a senior synonym of Dentalium trigonalis. † trigonaloides, Gadilina Palmer, 1974b: 124. Miocene. Ngembak, Java, Indonesia. Holotype RGM 7276 (fide Van den Hoek Ostende et al. 2002: 112). Replacement name for Dentalium trigonale Martin, 1885 non Dentalium trigonalis Moore, 1866. trigonum, Dentalium Hoeninghaus, 1831: 155. Nomen nudum. Tertiary. Tabbiano [Italy]. 658 † triquetrum, Dentalium Brocchi, 1814: 628. Pliocene. Italy. Lectotype MSNM 506 (selected by Rossi Ronchetti 1955: 340, 341, fig. 184). Gadilina triquetra (Brocchi, 1814) (fide Pavia 1991: 130, 131, pl. 7, figs 7, 8). triquetrum, Dentalium “(?)” Tate, 1887: 193, pl. 20, fig. 3. Upper Eocene. Glauconitic sands, Adelaide bore, Kent Town, South Australia, Australia. Holotype and 6 paratypes SAM T 252A. Junior homonym of Dentalium triquetrum Brocchi, 1814. Replacement name: Dentalium tatei Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. truncatum, Dentalium (Gadilina) Boissevain, 1906: 51, text-fig. 27, pl. 6, fig. 33. Recent. Localities of syntypes: ZMA 3.06.065 (1; Celebes Sea, Siboga stn 90, 01°17.5’N, 118°53’E, 281 m), ZMA 3.06.066067 (2; Arafura Sea, Siboga stn 256, 5°26.6’S, 132°32.5’E, 397 m). Episiphon(?) truncatum (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 289). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia. 281-397 m. † tryoni, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898a: 468, 469, pl. 10, figs 5, 9, pl. 11, fig. 22. Oligocene. Dominican Republic. Syntypes ANSP 2710 (fide Pilsbry 1922: 399), ANSP 79570. tubiforme, Dentalium Boissevain, 1906: 19, 20, pl. 6, fig. 5. Recent. Indonesia, Siboga stn 212, 05°56’S, 120°19’E, 462 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.013 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 310); paralectotype ZMA 3.06.012 (1; stn 159, 0°59.1’S, 129°19.2’E, 411 m). Spadentalina tubiformis (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe 1963: 264). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan. 200-702 m. tubulatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Henderson, 1920: 56, pl. 8, fig. 5. Recent. Bahia Honda, Cuba, Blake stn 20, 23°02’30”N, 83°11’W, 220 fms [402 m]. Syntypes USNM 95367 (2). Antalis tubulata (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 31-536 m. tugaruense, Dentalium Nomura & Hatai, 1940: 73, pl. 3, fig. 4. Recent. Kyûruko-sima Islands, Aomori Prefecture, Northeast Honsyû, Japan, stn 18, 40°36’N, 139°45’45”E, 103 m. Holotype SHM 10997. Junior synonym of Entalinopsis intercostata (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Habe 1963: 272). tumida, see tumidula. tumidosus, Cadulus Jeffreys, 1877: 156, 157. Recent. Type locality not specified. Syntypes BMNH 1885.11.5.1288-90 (3; Porcupine, no locality), BMNH 1877.11.28.58 (3) and USNM 169497 (1) (Valorous, stn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms [2646 m]), USNM 169498 (1; Porcupine 1869 stn 39), USNM 169500 (18; Porcupine , 1870 stn 22, 26, 31, 34), USNM 169501 (15; Porcupine 1870 stn 16, 54°19’N, 11°50’W, 816 fms [1489 m]), USNM 169502 (many; Porcupine 1870 stn 17a, 39°39’N, 9°39’W, 740 fms [1351 m]), USNM 169503 (many; Porcupine 1870 stn 17 39°42’N, 9°43’W, 600-1095 fms [1095-1998 m]). Cadulus tumidosus Jeffreys, 1877. Western Atlantic: ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Caribbean to Brazil; Eastern Atlantic: Europe, Africa. 295-2853 m. Remarks: also described from Josephine Exp. (110-550 fms [201-1004 m]) and fossil outcrops at “Messina [Sicily] (Seguenza)”; these specimens were not located. Jeffreys (1883: 665) mentions a var. minor (nomen nudum) from Porcupine 1870 stns 17a, 22, 24, and 31-34, the types of which have not been segregated from those of the full species. tumidula, Cadulus jeffreysi var. Jeffreys, 1883: 665. Recent. Travailleur Exp. 1880 [Bay of Biscay]. Syntypes USNM 175843 (21). Synonym of Cadulus jeffreysi (Monterosato, 1875). Cadulus jeffreysi var. tumida “Jeffreys” [Locard, 1898: 141] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. † tumidum, Dentalium W. D. Smith, 1913: 292, pl. 19, fig. 2. “Pleistocene or Recent shales.” Locality 1054, San Rafael, Agusan River, Mindanao, Philippines. † turgidus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886: 65, pl. 1, fig. 10. Eocene. Matthews’ Landing, Alabama, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 638813 (as “holotype” in Palmer & Brann 1965: 364). turnerae, Wemersoniella Scarabino, 1986a: 3, 4, figs 15, 12-16. Recent. Northwest Atlantic, Chain 50 stn 80, 34°49.8’N, 66°34’W, 4970 m. Holotype MCZ 293959; paratypes MCZ 293957, 293958, 293959, 293960, 293961, MHNM 14757, 14758, 14759, MNHN. Wemersoniella turnerae Scarabino, 1986. North Atlantic: Puerto Rican Trench to Europe. 4240-4970 m. Remarks: MCZ paratype lots not yet deposited. Scarabino (1986a: 7) listed the localities of all the lots of this species, but did not correlate the stations with the museum catalog numbers. † turoniense, Dentalium Woods, 1896: 96, pl. 4, figs 16, 17. Cretaceous. Chalk Rock of Winchester, Cuckhamsley and Luton, England, United Kingdom. † turritum, Dentalium Lea, 1833: 35, pl. 1, fig. 3. Eocene. Claiborne, Alabama, USA. Holotype ANSP 5015 (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 365). Polyschides turritus (Lea, 1833) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 239). tuscarorae, Costentalina Chistikov, 1982b: 1316, 1317, pl. 1, figs 7, 8, pl. 3, figs 12-18, pl. 4, figs 1, 2. Recent. Off Japan, Vitjaz stn 3575-T, 38°02.1’N, 146°33.1’E, 5475 m. Holotype IOM; paratypes IOM (6 from stn 3575-T; 1 from stn 3198-T, 39°02.9’N, 151°50.6’E, 5817-5807 m; 1 from stn 3232-D, 33°18’N, 149°45.7’E, 6070 m; 1 from 3240-D, 37°42.5’N, 156°23.6’E, 5790 m; 1 from stn 5620-T, 44°48’N, 156°33’E, 5045-5005 m; 1 from stn 5623-T, 45°26’N, 154°59’E, 5045-4995 m; 8 from 5624-T, 45°26’N 154°12’E, 5200 m; 1 from stn 7499-T, 37°58’N, 144°12’E, 64996640 m). Costentalina tuscarorae Chistikov, 1982. Indo-Pacific: Philippines to Japan. 2050-6640 m. † tutongense, Dentalium (Dentalium) javanum subsp. Beets, 1984: 26, pl. 1, figs 20-23. Late Miocene. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Preangerian. Near Sekurau, northern Kutai, Kalimantan Timur [East Borneo], Indonesia. Holotype RGM 315069; paratypes RGM 315068, 315070, 315071. † twistringense, Fissidentalium R. Janssen, 1989: 82, 84, pl. 1, figs 3-6. Miocene, Reinbekian. Twistringen, Niedersachsen, Germany. Holotype SMF 308305 ; paratypes SMF 308306, SMF 308307, SMF 308309/200; RGM 227724. typa, Throopella Greger, 1933. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. tytthum, Siphodentalium Watson, 1879: 520 [Watson 1886: 14, pl. 2, fig. 5]. Recent. North of Culebra Island, West Indies, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.63 (4). Siphonodentalium(?) tytthum Watson, 1879. Known from the type locality only. † uchauxiense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1897: 267, 268, pl. 2, figs 33, 34. Cretaceous, Turonian. Uchaux, Vaucluse, France. undatum, Dentalium Defrance, 1819. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † undecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. Sacco, 1897: 103, pl. 8, figs 66-68 [as a nomen nudum in Sacco 1896: 97]. Pliocene. San Agata and Astigiana, Italy. Syntypes MIGT BS.106.02.058BS.106.02.60 (fide Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 305). † undiferum, Dentalium Koenen, 1885: 72, pl. 3, fig. 17. Paleocene. Near Copenhagen, Denmark. † undulatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 3, pl. 166, fig. 8 [ex Münster MS]. Triassic. St Cassian, Tirol, Austria/Italy. Plagioglypta undulata (Goldfuss, 1841) (fide Stiller 2001: 624). Remark: also cited in Wissmann, 1841: 91, pl. 9, fig. 6. † uscarianum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Olsson, 1922: 338, 339 [166, 167], pl. 15, fig. 1. Miocene, Uscari Stage. Costa Rica and Panama (various localities). Holotype PRI 21115 (Rio Coches, Costa Rica) (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 322). usitatum, Dentalium E. A. Smith, 1894: 168, pl. 4, figs 16, 16a. Recent. Off Colombo, Ceylon [Sri Lanka], 6°32’N, 79°37’E, 675 fms [1232 m]. Syntypes ZSI 5410 (fide list in BMNH), BMNH 1894.9.11.8 (1; Bay of Bengal, 597 fms [1090 m]). Antalis usitata (E. A. Smith, 1894) (fide Ludbrook 1954: 91). Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to New Caledonia. 56-1542 m. † vacavillensis, Dentalium Palmer, 1923: 302, 303. Middle Eocene. UCMP Locality 3573, near Vacaville, California, USA. Holotype UCMP 30593; paratypes UCMP 30594-30595. vagina, Dentalium Jeffreys, 1877: 155. Recent. Greenland, Valorous stn 16, 55°10’N, 25°58’W, 1785 fms [3215 m]. Holotype USNM 174993. Junior synonym of Antalis agilis (G. O. Sars, 1872) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 46). Remark: Jeffreys also referred to “perhaps two imperfect specimens of a Dentalium from Station 12, 1450 fathoms, 659 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. [that] may belong to the same species”. However, this is too tentative to consider those two specimens, now catalogued as USNM 174992 (Valorous stn 12, 56°11’N, 37°41’W, 1450 fms [Greenland, 2646 m]), to constitute type material. vagina, Fustiaria Scarabino, 1995: 281, figs 71h, 87, 88i. Recent. New Caledonia, Chesterfield Islands, MUSORSTOM 5, stn DW340, 19°49’S, 158°41’E, 675-680 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (1 from DW341; 1 from DW357; 2 from DW46; 2 from DW49; 1 from CP290; 1 from DW468), AMS C201726 (1), NMNZ M268953 (1; DW49), USNM 890868. Fustiaria vagina Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: New Caledonia. 290-820 m. † valangiense, Dentalium Pictet & Campiche, 1864: 723, pl. 98, figs 16-18. Cretaceous, Neocomian, Valanginian. Villers-le-Lac, near Locle, SainteCroix, Switzerland. valdiviae, Cadulus (Gadila) Jaeckel, 1932: 312, fig. 11. Recent. Off Somalia, Valdivia stn 251, 01°41’S, 41°47’E, 693 m. Lectotype ZMB 75370a (designated by Kilias 1995: 177); paralectotypes ZMB 75370b (1), ZMB 75371 (1; stn 256, 01°49’S, 45°29.5’E, 1134 m). Cadulus valdiviae Jaeckel, 1932. Indian Ocean, Africa. 693-1134 m. valdiviae, Dentalium (Antalis) Plate, 1908a: 355, 356, pl. 30, figs 38, 39. Recent. North Atlantic, S of [Wyville] Thomson Rise, Valdivia stn 11, 58°36.6’N, 11°33’W, 1750 m. Lectotype ZMB 61079 (designated by Kilias 1995: 177). Antalis valdiviae (Plate, 1908). Known from the type locality only. Remarks: in addition to the single well preserved specimen, Plate mentioned two incomplete specimens and a fragment that were not listed by Kilias (1995: 177). These specimens would constitute paralectotypes, since Plate did not specify a holotype. The description, the illustration, and the locality fit well with Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877), but we have not yet seen the types. vallicolens, Dentalium Raymond, 1904: 123, 124. Recent. Type locality not specified; syntypes from Santa Monica Bay [California], off Redondo, Vincente (or Redondo) submerged valley, 145 fms [265 m]. Syntypes CAS 064381 (1), CAS 064383 (1), CAS 064385 (1), CAS 066519 (4); the syntypes from the following localities could not be located: stn 14, off Point Fermin, California, 100 fms [183 m]; stn 70, La Jolla submerged valley, California, 54-117 fms [99-214 m]; stn 79, off San Diego, California, 64 fms [117 m]. Dentalium vallicolens Raymond, 1904. Eastern Pacific: California. 154-410 m. † vaningeni, Dentalium n. nom. Late Cretaceous, Senonian. Near Kerak, Jordan Valley, Jordan. Syntype YPM 35573 (fide White 1998: 4). Replacement name for Dentalium hexagonum Van Ingen, 1905 non Dentalium hexagonum Gould, 1859. 660 variabile, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 367 [32, 33 in reprint], pl. 16, ig fig. 30. Recent. India (?). Lectotype and 163 paralectotypes MNHN (designated by Scarabino 1995: 201). Junior synonyms: Dentalium multistriatum Deshayes, 1825 (fide Scarabino 1995: 200, by First Reviser action, according to ICZN 1999: article 24); Dentalium belcheri Sowerby, 1860 (fide Habe 1963: 258). Dentalium variabile Deshayes, 1825. Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan. 10-75 m. varians, Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum Scarabino, 1973: 196, 197, pl. 1, figs 4, 4a-d. Recent. 24°20’S, 44°40’W, 130 m. Holotype MHNM 2702; paratypes MHNM 2703-2706. Subspecies of Antalis cerata (Dall, 1881). Western Atlantic: Brazil to Uruguay. 110-175 m. † varicostata, Dentalium Dockery in MacNeil & Dockery, 1984: 246, 247, pl. 69, figs 9, 11-16, pl. 70, figs 1-6. Lower Oligocene, Mint Spring Formation. Mississippi Geological Survey 99, Mississippi, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 376680. † vaughani, Cadulus Dall, 1912: 6. Pleistocene. USGS stn 5850, Canal Zone, Panama. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology 214361 (numerous). † vaughani, Dentalium Stephenson, 1941: 252, 253, pl. 46, fig. 15. Cretaceous, Navarro Group. USGS locality 16170, Neylandville marl, on the Corsicana Road, 2.5 miles N of Corbet, Navarro County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 76765; 17 paratypes USNM Paleobiology 76766. vayssierei, Dentalium Fenaux, 1942. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. vemae, Costentalina Scarabino, 1986b: 2, 3, figs 1-7. Recent. Vema stn 81 (V-17-81), 44°35’S, 44°19’W [Argentine Basin], 5332 m. Holotype AMNH 202762; paratype AMNH 202763 (1; stn 85 [V17-85], 47°35’S, 43°21’W, 5495 m). Costentalina vemae Scarabino, 1986. Western Atlantic: Argentine Basin. 5332-5495 m. † venezuelana, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium “?”) Weisbord, 1964: 127, 128, pl. 17, fig. 7, pl. 18, figs 7, 8. Pliocene, Playa Grande Formation. Weisbord Station W-23, north flank of Punta Gorda anticline,Venezuela. Holotype PRI 26888. ventricosa, Cadulus monterosatoi var. Locard, 1898: 142, pl. 7, figs 19-21. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Cadulus monterosatoi Locard, 1897. ventricosa, Cadulus tumidosus var. Locard, 1898: 143. Recent. Type locality not specified [North Atlantic]. Type material not located. Synonym of Cadulus tumidosus Jeffreys, 1877. † ventricosum, Dentalium Bronn, 1828: 539. Miocene. Castell’Arquato, Piacenza, Italy. Junior synonym: Siphonodentalium (Loxoporus) ligusticus Razzore, 1896 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 240). Remarks: Doderlein (1864: 98 [16]) listed this as “Gadus ven- ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) tricosus nob.” but this was merely a new generic combination, not a new species. Gadila ventricosa (Bronn, 1828) (fide Pavia 1991: 139-144, pl. 8, figs 9-14; table 4; text-fig. 7). This species was misidentified as Dentalium coarctatum by Lamarck, 1818. ventricosus, Gadus Benoist, 1873: 269. Miocene. Giradueau, France. Junior secondary homonym of Cadulus ventricosus (Bronn, 1828). Replacement name: Gadila benoisti Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917. † venustum, Dentalium Meek & Worthen, 1861: 145. Carboniferous. Waterloo, Monroe County, Illinois, USA. verconis, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938: 221, 222, pl. 12, fig. 1. Recent. Off Beachport, South Australia, 200 fms [366 m]. Holotype SAM D 13341. Fissidentalium verconis (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938). Pacific Ocean: South Australia. 150-1210 m. vernedei, Dentalium Hanley in Sowerby, 1860: 101, pl. 223, fig. 3. Recent. Japan. Holotype UMZC I.100,760. Pictodentalium vernedei (Hanley in Sowerby, 1860) (fide Habe 1964: 16). Indo-Pacific: China, Japan. 20-128 m. verrilli, Cadulus (Gadila) Henderson, 1920: 136, 137, pl. 19, fig. 13. Recent. Off Martha’s Vineyard [Massachusetts], USBF stn 871, 40°02’54”N, 70°23’40”W, 115 fms [210 m]. Holotype USNM 38693; paratypes USNM 38693 (7), USNM 38694 (1; off Martha’s Vineyard, USFB stn 873, 100 fms [183 m]), USNM 61144 (5), MCZ 186819 (2; USFC 871, 115 fms [210 m]), AMNH 148343 (1). Gadila verrilli (Henderson, 1920). Western Atlantic. 182-210 m. verrilli, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) meridionale Henderson, 1920: 62, 63, pl. 9, fig. 3. Recent. Off George Banks, USBF stn 2083, 959 fms [1750 m]. Lectotype (of solidum Verrill) USNM 34687 (designated by Henderson 1920: 63); paralectotypes USNM 34688, USNM 34904, USNM 34911, USNM 35635, USNM 35636, USNM 35645, AMNH 148370 (3). Replacement name for Dentalium solidum Verrill, 1884 non Dentalium solidum Hutton, 1873. Junior synonym of Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 72). verrilli, Siphonodentalium (Siphonodentalium) Henderson, 1920: 91, 92, pl. 16, figs 2, 7. Recent. Off Nantucket [Massachusetts], Albatross USBF stn 2710, 40°06’N, 68°01’30”W, 984 fms [1796 m]. Holotype USNM 314844; paratype MCZ 186821 (1). Pulsellum verrilli (Henderson, 1920) (fide Emerson in Turgeon 1988: 51). Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA). 700-1796 m. † verrucosum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 584 [illustrated by Eichwald 1860: 1063, pl. 40, fig. 6]. Carboniferous [“Bergkalke”]. Artinsk, Urals, Russia. † viallii, Entalina Caprotti, 1962: 97, 98, pl. 16, figs 1-3. Lower Pliocene. Castell’Arquato, Piacenza, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Italy. Holotype MSNM. Remark: Pavia (1991: 133) suggested that Entalina viallii might be a junior synonym of Entalina tetragona (Brocchi, 1815). vicdani, Fissidentalium Kosuge, 1981: 114, 115, pl. 39, figs 5-7. Recent. Bohol, Philippines. Holotype IMT 81-36. Fissidentalium vicdani Kosuge, 1981. Indo-Pacific: Philippines. 448-466 m. † vicksburgensis, Cadulus Meyer, 1885: 463; 1886: 65, pl. 3, fig. 6. Oligocene. Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 644575. vietnamicus, Polyschides Chistikov, 1979a: 113, fig. 6. Recent. Tonking, Vietnam, VD-12 stn 1, 8 m. Holotype ZIN. Polyschides vietnamicus Chistikov, 1979. Indo-Pacific: Indonesia, China, Vietnam, Philippines, Borneo. 8-13 m. † vinassai, Dentalium Cossmann, 1912: 215. Oligocene. Replacement name for Dentalium anceps Vinassa de Regny, 1898 [ex Meneghini MS] non Sowerby, 1837. † vincense, Dentalium (Antalis) Palmer, 1947: 209, 210, pl. 26, figs 29-31. Eocene, Jackson Formation. Arkansas, USA. Holotype PRI 4468; paratypes PRI 4469, PRI 4470. vincentianus, Cadulus (Gadila) Cotton & Godfrey, 1940: 338, 339, fig. 360. Recent. Holdfast Bay, St Vincent Gulf, South Australia. Holotype SAM D 13730. Cadulus vincentianus Cotton & Godfrey, 1940. Pacific Ocean: eastern and southern Australia; Antarctica. 4-2780 m. viperidens, Cadulus Melvill & Standen, 1896: 314, pl. 11, fig. 79. Recent. Lifu and Uvea, Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia, beach. Syntypes MM EE 3797 (figured syntype), NMW 1955.158.594-595 (6; fide Trew 1987: 70, 71). Dischides viperidens (Melvill & Standen, 1896) (fide Scarabino 1995: 342). Known from the type locality only. virginalis, Cadulus (Gadila) Boissevain, 1906: 72, 73, text-fig. 35, pl. 6, figs 60-64. Recent. Indonesia, Savu Sea, Siboga stn 52, 09°03.4’S, 119°56.7’E, 959 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.096 (designated by Habe 1964: 49; and unnecessarily by Scarabino 1995: 356); paralectotypes ZMA 3.06.097 (4), ZMA 3.06.098 (3 in original description; 4 fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000; Banda Sea, Siboga stn 208, 5°39’S, 122°12’E, 1886 m), ZMA 3.06.099 (1 in original description; 2 fide R. Moolenbeek & A. N. Van der Bijl in litt. 23.VI.2000; Arafura Sea, Siboga stn 271, 5°46.7’S, 134°0’E, 1788 m), ZMA 3.06.100 (2; Timor Sea, Siboga stn 284, 8°43.1’S, 127°16.7’E, 828 m). Junior synonym: G. novilunata Kira, 1955 (fide Habe 1963: 279). Gadila virginalis (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 356). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Japan and New Caledonia. 200-3010 m. Remark: Habe (1963, 1964, 1977) included G. novilunata Kira, 1959 in the synonymy of virginalis, but Scarabino (1995: 358) stated that he “[...] prefer[s] to keep them separate pending further study”. 661 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. virginianum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843: pl. 4, figs 8-8b (name and figure only). Type locality not specified. Remarks: Chenu (1852: 7), in the text, instead used Dentalium striatum Lamarck, 1818 for the specimen figured as “D. virginianum”. However, Lamarck’s name is a junior homonym of D. striatum Born, 1778. Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 209) suggested that D. virginianum “may possibly be” Dentalium mississippiense Conrad, 1848. virginieae, Episiphon Scarabino, 1995: 288, 289, figs 93, 95a. Recent. New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, RV Alis MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW399, 20°42’S, 167°00’E, 282 m. Holotype MNHN; paratypes MNHN (9), AMS C201727, NMNZ M268954. Episiphon virginieae Scarabino, 1995. Known from the type locality only. virgula, Dentalium (Episiphon) Hedley, 1903: 328, fig. 62. Recent. 5.8 miles off Port Kembla, New South Wales, Australia, 63-75 fms [115-137 m]. Lectotype AMS C16217 (designated by Colman 1958: 144, as “holotype”); paralectotypes AMS C170639, AMS C16215 (off Cape Three Points, New South Wales, 41-50 fms [75-91 m]), AMS C16218 (off Wata Mooli, New South Wales, 5459 fms [99-108 m]), AMS C62225 (off Botany Bay, New South Wales, 50-52 fms [91-95 m]). Oldest available name for Episiphon subrectum (Jeffreys, 1883) non Dentalium sexangulum subrecta Cocconi, 1873. Junior synonyms: Dentalium (Episiphon) carneum Boissevain, 1906; Dentalium (Episiphon) makiyamai Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933 (fide Scarabino 1995: 287); Dentalium yamakawai Yokoyama, 1927 (fide Habe 1964: 28, as E. makiyamai). Episiphon virgula (Hedley, 1903) (fide Scarabino 1995: 287). Indo-Pacific: Africa to Australia. 29-918 m. viridis, Dentalia Perry, 1811: pl. 52, fig. 3. Recent. South Seas. Type material not located. Junior synonym of Dentalium elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758 (fide Habe 1964: 6). † vitreum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3739 [citing Schröter 1784a: 531 n. 11]. Miocene. Piedmont, Italy. Antalis vulgaris subsp. vitrea (Gmelin, 1791) (fide Pavia 1991: 122, 123, pl. 3, fig. 8); Dentalium laevigatum Ponzi, 1876 (tentatively, fide Sacco 1897: 101). vitreum, Dentalium M. Sars, 1851: 178. Recent. Øksfjord, Norway, 100 fms [183 m]. Syntypes ZMO 27067. Junior homonym of Dentalium vitreum Gmelin, 1791 (Miocene of Northern Italy). Sacco (1897: footnote on p. 115) renamed Sars’ taxon as Dentalium exvitreum. Now known by the first available name from its synonymy: Siphonodentalium lobatum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 136). North Atlantic, Europe. 383100 m. † volvulus, Cadulus (Gadila?) Gardner, 1947: 629, 630, pl. 57, fig. 22. Oligocene. Alum Bluff Group, Chipola Formation. USGS locality 2213, 1 mile 662 below Bailey’s Ferry, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida, USA. Syntype USNM Paleobiology 112754 (1). † vredenburgi, Dentalium Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909: 82, 83, pl. 3, fig. 23. Eocene, Uppermost Ranikot Series. Jhirak, India. vulgare, Dentalium Da Costa, 1778: 24, 25, pl. 2, fig. 10. Recent. Southern England, Scilly Islands, Cornwall, Devonshire, Hampshire. Possible syntypes MHNG 1081/57 (7). Junior synonyms: Dentalium fasciatum Gmelin, 1791; ?Dentalium nebulosum Gmelin, 1791; Dentalium tarentinum Lamarck, 1818; Dentalium labiatum Turton, 1819; Dentalium laeve Turton, 1819; Dentalium striolatum Risso, 1826; Dentalium affine Biondi Giunti, 1859; Dentalium vulgaris var. rosea Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 41, 42). Antalis vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) (fide Stoliczka 1868: 438). Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean: Europe, North Africa. 5-1000 m. † vulpeculum, Dentalium Nardo, 1847: 101 [ex Chiereghini MS]. Fossil. “Quarnero” [Kvarner], northwestern Croatia. vulpidens, Cadulus Watson, 1879: 524, 525 [Watson 1886: 18, pl. 3, fig. 2]. Recent. Culebra Island, Challenger stn 24, 18°38’30”N, 65°05’30”W, 390 fms [712 m]. Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.72. Gadila vulpidens (Watson, 1879) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 172). Western Atlantic, Caribbean. 650-712 m. † vulpinum, Dentalium Nardo, 1847: 101 [ex Chiereghini MS]. Fossil. “Quarnero” [Kvarner], northwestern Croatia. † waccamawense, Dentalium (Antalis?) Gardner, 1948: 179, pl. 24, fig. 1. Pliocene, Waccamaw Formation. Robinsons Landing, on the Cape Fear River, Bladen County, North Carolina, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 325479. † wadei, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1927: 142. Upper Cretaceous, Ripley Formation. Dave Weeks property on Coon Creek, McNairy County, Tennessee, USA. Type material USNM Paleobiology 32829. Replacement name for Dentalium intercalatum Wade, 1926 non Gould, 1859. † waihoraensis, Dentalium Emerson, 1954: 184. Miocene, Altonian-Clifdenian, Ihungia Series. Waihora River, Waingaromia, Gisborne, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM4813; paratypes NZGS TM4814 (1), NZGS (5) (fide Keyes 1972: 97). Replacement name for Dentalium (Laevidentalium) filum Marwick, 1931 non Sowerby, 1860. Laevidentalium waihoraense (Emerson, 1954) (fide Maxwell 1988: 716). † waisiuense, Dentalium (Dentalium) Beets, 1943: 307, 308, pl. 29, figs 113-116. Upper Oligocene. Waisiu, Buton Island, Indonesia. † walciodorensis, Entalis de Koninck, 1883: 215, 216, pl. 49, figs 16, 17. Carboniferous. Waulsort, Pauquys and Dréhance, Belgium. Dentalium wal- ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) ciodorense (de Koninck, 1883) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 233). † wangwaensis, Cadulus Nomura, 1935: 93 [41], pl. 6 [1], fig. 3. Pliocene. Nomura Station 14, Byoritu beds, southeast of Zyo-tusyowan, Taiwan; Nomura Station 18, Wangwa, Taiwan. † wanneri, Dentalium n. nom. Cretaceous. N of Oasis Dachel, Libya. Replacement name for Dentalium bicarinatum Wanner, 1902 non Dentalium bicarinatum Deshayes, 1825. † watanabei, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Kanno, 1958: 200, 201, pl. 5, figs 7-9. Upper Oligocene to Miocene. Kanno Locality 207, riverside exposure near a fall, Nenokami, Hikokubo, Yoshida-machi, Japan (holotype); Kanno Locality 203, riverside exposure of the Shinoha-zawa, Obashira, Chichibucity, Japan (paratype). Holotype GIUT No. 6191; paratype GIUT No. 6192. waterhousae, Fissidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 94, 97, figs 92E, 93F, 98. Recent. Elizabeth Reef, Tasman Sea [off New South Wales], 29°53.82’S, 159°01.65’E, 420 m. Holotype AMS C309881; paratypes AMS C311734 (1), AMS C174647 (1). Fissidentalium waterhousae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from the type locality only. watsoni, Cadulus Dall, 1881: 34, 35. Recent. Off Cape San Antonio, Cuba, 413 fms [754 m]. Lectotype MCZ 7742 (designated by Henderson 1920: 120, 121); paralectotype USNM 95380 (1; Yucatan Strait, 640 fms [1168 m]). Gadila watsoni (Dall, 1881) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 167). Western Atlantic, Caribbean: Cape Hatteras (North Carolina, USA) to Cuba. 370-1800 m. watsoni, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897: 113, pl. 21, fig. 44. Recent. Localities of syntypes: USNM 107702 (off San Diego, California, USFC stn 2923, 32°40’30”N, 117°31’30”W, 822 fms [1500 m]), USNM 107706 (off Tillamook Bay, Oregon, USFC stn 3346, 45°30’N, 125°52’W, 786 fms [1430 m]). Junior synonym of Rhabdus rectius Carpenter, 1864 (fide Shimek 1998: 83). † waynensis, Cadulus Mansfield, 1940: 202, pl. 27, fig. 33. Oligocene. USGS station 14346, Lower Chickasawhay Marl, Taylor Mill Creek, 1.5 miles N of Waynesboro, Wayne County, Mississippi, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 498491. † weinbrechti, Polyschides R. Janssen, 1989: 89, 90, pl. 2, figs 19-21. Upper Miocene, Langenfeldian, Gramian and Syltian. Gram, Jylland, Denmark. Holotype SMF 308324; paratypes SMF 308325, SMF 308326, SMF 308327/12, SMF 255698/11, RGM 229727/12, SMF 308328/5, RGM 229728/5 (latter two lots from Flensburg-Weiche, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany). † weinheimensis, Antalis R. Janssen, 1989: 86-88, pl. 2, figs 14, 15. Middle Oligocene, Rupelian. Weinheim (Trift) near Alzey, Mainzer Becken, Germany. Holotype SMF 308316; paratypes SMF ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) 308317/4, SMF 308318/5, SMF 308319/4, SMF 308320/3, SMF 308321/12, RGM 229726/2. weinkauffi, Dentalium Dunker, 1877: 68. Recent. Japan. Holotype ZMB 101996 (fide Kilias 1995: 177). Junior synonym: Antalis septentrionalis Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1963 (fide Habe 1964: 20). Antalis weinkauffi (Dunker, 1877) (fide Hirase 1931: 135). Indo-Pacific: Madagascar to China and New Caledonia. 30-500 m. † weitschati, Baltodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992: 50, 51, pl. 2, figs 3, 4, text-figs 6, 7. Jurassic, Middle Liassic, Pliensbachian. Hoisdorf, SchleswigHolstein, Germany. Holotype GPIMH 2516/5. weldianum, Dentalium Tenison-Woods, 1877: 140. Recent. North coast of Tasmania. Holotype TMH E1200/8541. Lamprell & Healy (1998: 172) concluded that this was an unrecognizable species. wellsi, Dentalium (Dentalium) Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 52, 53, figs 44D, 45D, 49. Recent. 133 km NNW of Dampier, Western Australia, 19°28.9’29.0’S, 116°29.4’-29.0’E, 110 m. Holotype AMS C149930; paratypes AMS C172573 (2), AMS C172572 (2; 19°00.8’S, 118°01.3’E, 157 km NNW of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 112 m), WAM 142-93 (4; 18°47’S, 117°58’E, 185 km NW of Port Hedland, north Western Australia, 154 m). Dentalium wellsi Lamprell & Healy, 1998. IndoPacific: Western Australia. 110-168 m. wellsiana, Pulsellum (Compressidens) Kraeuter, 1972: 26-28, fig. 3a-f. Recent. 1 mile W of Georgetown, Grand Cayman Islands, outer slope of beach, 31-38 m. Holotype ANSP 320993; paratypes ANSP 300672 (5). Compressidens wellsiana (Kraeuter, 1972). Known from the type locality only. † whiteavesi, Dentalium (Entalis) Anderson & Hanna, 1935: 27, 28, pl. 6, fig. 5. Cretaceous. Between Rosario and Santa Catarina Landing, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype CAS-IP 4252. Remark: this species was misidentified as Entalis cooperi (Gabb, 1864) by Whiteaves (1879: 134; 1903: 372). whitneyae, Gadila Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 152, 153, figs 155C, 156F, 159. Recent. Buchanan Island, southern side of Melville Island, near Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, 11°49’S, 130°39’E. Holotype AMS C174636; paratypes AMS C173790 (21), AMS C173913 (19; Bowen, Queensland), AMS C173924 (5; Facing Island, Port Curtis, Queensland), AMS C173795 (1; beach below Crocodile research Station, Maningrida, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory), AMS C174637 (1; 32 km off Point Charles, Darwin, Northern Territory, 12°10’S, 130°22’E, 27-37 m), AMS C173791 (1; Port Darwin, Northern Territory). Gadila whitneyae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern Australia. 0-238 m. † wilckensi, Laevidentalium Medina & del Valle, 1985: 5 (Spanish), 5, 6 (English), pl. 1, figs g, h, l-o. Upper Cretaceous, López de Bertodano 663 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Formation. Marambio Island, James Ross Group Islands, Antarctica. Holotype CIRGEO (Centro de Investigaciones en Recursos Geológicos) PI 242 (now housed in Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, fide G. Pastorino in litt. 17.I.2001). wilsoni, Dentalium Fraas, 1867. Not a scaphopod. See Other taxa described as Scaphopoda. † wollumbillaensis, Dentalium Etheridge in Jack & Etheridge, 1892: 483. Cretaceous. Wollumbilla, Queensland, Australia. Neotype PIRS M2430 (designated by Stilwell 1999: 220). Replacement name for Dentalium lineatum Moore, 1870, a junior homonym of Dentalium lineatum Gueranger, 1853. Objective junior synonym: Dentalium moorei Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898. Fustiaria wollumbillaensis (Etheridge in Jack & Etheridge, 1892) (fide Ludbrook 1966: 188; fide Stilwell 1999: 220). woodhousae, Cadulus Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 163, 164, figs 167D, 168G, 172. Recent. Arafura Sea, 64.5 km N of Croker Island, Northern Territory, 10°17’S, 132°38’E, 65 m. Holotype AMS C174625; paratypes AMS C173679 (7). Cadulus woodhousae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Indo-Pacific: northern Australia. 65-1380 m. woolacottae, Dentalium (Antalis) Colman, 1958: 142, fig. 4. Recent. Cronulla, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype AMS C21230; paratypes AMS C170642 (ex C21230) (1), AMS C32706 (2; Middle Harbour, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia). Dentalium woolacottae Colman, 1958. Indo-Pacific: eastern Australia. 9-40 m. † wymensis, Laevidentalium“?” Kulikov, 1967: 116, pl. 1, fig. 2. Permian. Vem River, Komi Republic, Russia. Holotype Geological Institute (St Petersbourg), 8758/3. † xiphias, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 219. Eocene. Paris Basin (Parnes), France. Replacement name for Dentalium affine Deshayes, 1861 non Biondi, 1859. Objective junior synonym: Dentalium desmoulinsi Le Renard, 1994. Remark: a valid species of Dentalium (fide Le Renard 1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85, as “D. desmoulinsi”). yamakawai, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1927: 427, pl. 48, fig. 6. Pleistocene. Shinagawa, Tokyo [Japan]. Lectotype UMT CM.23906 (designated by Taki & Oyama 1954: caption to pl. 45, as “holotype”). Junior synonym of Episiphon virgula (Hedley, 1903) (fide Habe 1964: 28, as E. makiyamai). Remarks: reported from the Recent fauna of Japan by Nomura & Niino (1940: 63) and Nomura & Hatai (1940: 73, 74). Oyama (1973: 3) explained the lectotype designations of Taki & Oyama (1954). † yasilum, Dentalium Olsson, 1930: 72, pl. 12, figs 14-20. Eocene, Talara Formation. Yasila, Peru. Holotype PRI 24299; paratypes PRI 24297, PRI 24298, PRI 24300-24303 (fide Brann & Kent 1960: 323). 664 † yatalensis, Cadulus (Dischides) Ludbrook, 1956: 4, 5, pl. 1, figs 3, 4. Pliocene. Weymouth’s Bore, Dry Creek Sands, South Australia. Holotype SAM F 15142; paratypes SAM (28). Remark: this species was misidentified as Cadulus mucronatus Tate, 1887 by Ludbrook (1941). yateensis, Dischides Scarabino, 1995: 343, figs 146, 147g. Recent. Yaté, New Caledonia, LAGON stn 619, 22°03’S, 166°54’E, 27-42 m. Holotype and paratype MNHN. Dischides yateensis Scarabino, 1995. Indo-Pacific: Philippines and New Caledonia. 0-42 m. yokohamense, Dentalium Watson, 1879: 517 [Watson 1886: 11, pl. 2, fig. 1]. Recent. Yokohama, Japan, Challenger stn 233, 34°39’N, 135°14’E, 8-14 fms [15-26 m]. Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.45-47 (3). Junior synonym of Dentalium octangulatum Donovan, 1803 (fide Habe 1964: 8). yokoyamai, Dentalium Makiyama, 1931: 44, pl. 1, fig. 1. Recent. Koshiba, Yokosuka City, Honshu, Pleistocene of Japan. Holotype KIU JC.310001 (fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 210). Fissidentalium yokoyamai (Makiyama, 1931) (fide Kira 1959: 106). Indo-Pacific: northern Australia to China Sea. 56-504 m. Remark: this species was misidentified as Dentalium complexum Dall, 1895 by Yokoyama (1920). † yotsukurensis, Dentalium Hirayama, 1955: 109-110, pl. 4, figs 26, 28. Upper Oligocene, Uchigo Group. Hirayama Locality A15, 1 km N of Yoksukura Fishing Port, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Holotype GIUT 10233; paratypes GIUT 10208, 10210 (Hirayama localities A28 and A45; fide Hanzawa et al. 1961: 210). zanzibarense, Dentalium Plate, 1908a: 348, pl. 30, figs 35, 36. Recent. Zanzibar Channel, Valdivia stn 245, 05°28’S, 39°18’E, 463 m. Holotype ZMB 61092 (fide Kilias 1995: 177). Compressidentalium zanzibarense (Plate, 1908) (fide Scarabino 1995: 262). Indo-Pacific: Africa to Madagascar. 4631850 m. † zecaninus, Cadulus Laws, 1939: 503, pl. 63, fig. 18. Miocene. Pakaurangi Point, Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand. Holotype NZGS TM1374 (fide Keyes 1972: 98). Gadila zecanina (Laws, 1939) (fide Maxwell 1992: 187). zeidleri, Laevidentalium Lamprell & Healy, 1998: 114, figs 112E, 113F, 119, 120. Recent. 29 km SE of Scamander, Tasmania, Australia, 41°33’S, 148°36’E, 122 m. Holotype SAM D 18903. Laevidentalium zeidleri Lamprell & Healy, 1998. Known from the type locality only. zelandicum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 101, pl. 223, fig. 13. Recent. New Zealand. Type material not located in BMNH. Junior synonym: Dentalium pacificum Hutton, 1873 (fide Suter 1913: 819). Fissidentalium zelandicum (Sowerby, 1860) (fide Suter 1913: 819). Indo-Pacific: New Zealand; Antarctica. 45-548 m. Remark: Dentalium opacum ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Sowerby, 1829 may be a senior synonym for this species (fide Dell 1957: 564). † zephyrinum, Dentalium Casey, 1903: 267. Oligocene. Red Bluff, Mississippi, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 481672 (designated by MacNeil & Dockery 1984: 247, as “holotype”). † zingulai, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974: 18, textfig. 8v, w; pl. 1, fig. 11, pl. 2, fig. 6a, b. Middle Eocene, Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation, Wheelock Member. Little Brazos Bluff, Brazos River Valley, Brazos County, Texas, USA. Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180435; paratypes USNM Paleobiology 180447, PRI 29227, ANSP 31505. zonatum, Dentalium “Orb.” Paetel, 1888: 594. “Jam.” [= Jamaica]. Nomen nudum. Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 253) stated that this species “is unknown to us”. zonatus, Cadulus (Gadila) Boissevain, 1906: 74, pl. 6, fig. 57, text-fig. 37. Recent. Banda Sea, Indonesia, Siboga stn 214, 06°30’S, 121°55’E, 2796 m. Lectotype ZMA 3.06.102 (designated by Scarabino 1995: 358) ; paralectotype ZMA 3.06.103 (1; Arafura Sea, Siboga stn 254, 05°40’S, 132°26’E, 310 m). Gadila zonata (Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995: 358). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia to Philippines. 195-2796 m. OTHER TAXA DESCRIBED AS SCAPHOPODA The list of non-scaphopod species erroneously described or assigned to this class, as compiled by Pilsbry & Sharp (1898) is reproduced here, supplemented by names subsequently removed from the Recent Scaphopoda. We have included the type species of the six genera – Entalium, Falcula, Hamulus, Pharetrium, Pyrgopolon and Spirodentalium that Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 244-247) excluded from the Scaphopoda. However, we have not included any species that were subsequently described in those six genera, since they do not enter into homonymy with valid taxa of the Scaphopoda. The entry form is that of the list of genus-group and Recent species-group names. Detailed information on type localities, type material deposits and synonymy is only provided for the names removed from Scaphopoda subsequent to Pilsbry & Sharp (1898). abbreviatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 352, pl. xviii, figs 21, 22 (“1864”: 199, pl. 3, figs 5-7). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Eocene of Paris. “Serpula” heptagona Sowerby (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241) (Polychaeta). aciculatum, Dentalium Hall, 1860: 107. Middle Devonian, Marcellus Shale and Portage Groups. Manilus, New York, USA. Coleolus aciculatus, transferred to Coleolus (phylum uncertain) by Hall (1879: 190), but it may as likely be a scaphopod (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 240). acus, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857: 584. Silurian [“Grauwacke”]. Putilowa [Poulkovo], near St Petersbourg, Russia; near Erras, Estonia. Criconarida (Cephalopoda: Mollusca) (fide Kiselev 2001). Remarks: figured by Eichwald, 1860: 1062, pl. 40, fig. 10. Koken (1897: 214) remarked that Eichwald’s illustration showed an unusual irregularity in its curvature (“eine Unregelmässigkeit in der Biegung”), and questioned whether this species was referable to the Scaphopoda. Kiselev (2001) concluded that this species was actually from the Ordovician, and belongs to the Cephalopoda. annulata, Dentalium McClelland, 1834: 629, pl. 35, figs 1-4. Ponar River, Kamaon, northern India. Remark: the biological nature of this taxon, which appears to be a trace fossil, cannot be determined. annulatum, Dentalium Jay, 1850: 96 [ex Mighels MS] non Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791. “Maine”. Nomen nudum. Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 240) suggested that this taxon might be a Caecum (Gastropoda). We know of no basis for suggesting that a nomen nudum could be referable to a known genus. antiquum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 2, pl. 166, fig. 2. Devonian? Eifel Mountain, Germany. Coleolus antiquum (Goldfuss, 1841) (fide Yochelson 2002). Yochelson (2002) concluded that this species was not a scaphopod, and suggested that it be referred to Coleolus Hall, a calcareous “worm” tube. arietinum, Dentalium Müller, 1776: 236. Ditrupa arietina (Müller) (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242). beachportensis, Tesseracme Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938: 220, pl. 12, fig. 2. Off Beachport, South Australia, 201 m. Holotype SAM D 13339. Pennatulid rhachis (Cnidaria) (fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 172). belcheri, Prodentalium Nassichuk & Hodgkinson, 1976: 1153-1156, pl. 1, figs 1-9. Early Permian, Assistance Formation. GSC Locality 246406, Lyall River, Grinnell Peninsula, Devon Island, Arctic Ocean, Canada. Holotype GSC 1377; numerous paratypes GSC 13776, 44794-44797 (Polychaeta?). Remark: Yancey (1978: 306) stated that this species “is not a species of Prodentalium, and probably not a scaphopod” and concluded that “it is probable that it is not a molluscan species, but a calcareous worm tube”. billingsi, Salterella Safford, 1869: 289. Ordovician of Tennessee. Transferred to the Scaphopoda by 665 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Fisher (1958: 144-146). Yochelson (1968) concluded that this taxon was not scaphopod and was probably referable to the Hyolitha. brazieri, Cadulus Finlay, 1927: 521. Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 23 m. AMS. Replacement name for Dentalium laeve Brazier, 1877 (fide Emerson 1954: 186). Both Finlay (1927: 521) and Bretnall (1921: 156) independently renamed Brazier’s laeve, and both independently used the same replacement name, but transferred the species into different genera. Finlay named it Cadulus brazieri; while Bretnall had already renamed it Ditrypa [sic] brazieri. Thus, Finlay’s replacement name is both an objective junior synonym and a secondary homonym of Bretnall’s name. Ditrupa gracillima Grube, 1878 (Polychaeta, Serpulida) (fide ten Hove & Smith 1990: 107; fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 172). browni, Dentalium Hisinger, 1837: 21, pl. iv, fig. 9. Köpingemölla, Scania [Sweden]. Types in SMNH(?). Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 246). bulbosum, Dentalium Bronn, 1831: 85 [nomen nudum in Bronn 1828: 538]. Tertiary of Italy. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242. carinatum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851: 24. Mare di Taranto [Mediterranean Sea]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242). cinctum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1843: 318, pl. 23, fig. 3. Carboniferous, Belgium. Orthoceras subcentrale (de Koninck, 1843) (Cephalopoda) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241). cingulatus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820: 94. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242). clausum, Dentalium Turton, 1819: 39. Calves Island, Ireland. Quill of a seabird’s wing feather (Vertebrata) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 247; citing Forbes & Hanley, and Jeffreys). clava, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 346. Fossil from Cypli, near Mons [Belgium]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 246). coarctatum, Dentalium Brocchi, 1814: 628. Ditrupa (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242). compressum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850: 233. Jurassic. Chalon-sur-Saône, France. Polychaeta. Remark: Richardson (1906: 592, 593) concluded that this species “is not a Dentalium at all, but the shell of a tubicolous annelid”. corneum, Dentalium Linnaeus, 1767: 1263 [no references given]. “O. Africano”. Ditrupa arietina (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242). “cornicula, Dentalium” – d’Orbigny 1852: index, p. 59. Indexing error for Dentalina cornicula (Foraminifera) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 247). corniculum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851: 55, pl. 4, figs 2a-A. Caecidae (Gastropoda) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241). crassum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 373, pl. 18, fig. 20. Fossil near Mons [Belgium]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 246). 666 crenatocinctum, Coleolus Hall, 1879: 188, 189, pl. 23, figs 1-3, pl. 23A, figs 3, 4. Upper Helderberg Formation, Jamesville, Ontario County, New York. Phylum uncertain. Considered a Dentalium by Whitfield (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241). cylindraceum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851: 39, pl. 3, fig. 10. Pliocene near Caramanico [Italy]. Ditrupa (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242). cylindrica, Hensonella Elliott, 1960: 229, 230, pl. 8, fig. 1. Lower Cretaceous, Surdash, Sulemania Liwa, Iraq. Syntypes BMNH (Palaeontology) No. Z.902. Remarks: this species was also recorded from the Lower Cretaceous of Iraqi Kurdistan and at Kirkuk, as well as northern Iran. Elliot (1960) removed the species from the dasyclad alga and tentatively placed it in the Scaphopoda. The microstructure of the tube does not resemble that of scaphopod shells, therefore it is unlikely to belong to this taxon. cylindricum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 179, 180, pl. 79, fig. 2. Eocene. Emsworth, England. Ditrupa (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242). Remark: Gardner (1878: 57, 61) noted that the type locality was given in error as “Exmouth” and hence this species was mistakenly assumed to be Cretaceous, and not Eocene. deforme, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 344. Fossil, Sarthe, France. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). deshayesianum, Dentalium Galeotti, 1837: 62, 150, pl. 4, fig. 7. Tertiary. Belgium (numerous localities). Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 242). Remark: Galeotti (1837: 192), under “Corrections”, listed his new species as a junior synonym of Dentalium incrassatum J. Sowerby, 1814 (Polychaeta). difforme, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby in Dixon, 1850: 348, pl. xxix, fig. 10. Sussex, England. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). duplicatum, Dentalium Blainville, 1825: 628. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 245, 246). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 245) explained that Blainville, in using “Entale” Defrance [= Entalium Defrance, 1819], changed the name of the type species, “for some occult reason”, from Entalium rugosum to Dentalium duplicatum. ecostatum, Dentalium Kirk, 1880: 306, 307. Waikanae, New Zealand. Although Dell (1957: 566) and Powell (1976: 121) considered this to be a scaphopod, Marshall (1996: 32) concluded that it was the shell of a planktonic gastropod, Creseis acicula (Rang, 1829) (Cavoliniidae). edoense, Dentalium Tokunaga, 1906: 34, 35, pl. 2, fig. 17. Shinagawa and Oji, Tokyo [Pleistocene of Japan]. Ditrupa arietina (Polychaeta) (fide Habe 1963: 12). falcatum, Dentalium Conrad, 1869: 44, pl. 1, figs 12, 16. Cretaceous. Crosswicks, New Jersey [USA]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). florenciae, Dentalium Moraes Rego, 1936: 43-46, textfigure. Corumbataí Formation (Triassic?), Guareí, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) southern Sao Paulo province, Brasil. Holotype (Paleontology Section, Departamento Nacional da Produção Mineral (DNPM), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). Remark: Wehmuth Ragonha & da Silva Santos (1987: 2) determined that this fossil was actually an external impression of a dorsal fin-spine of Hybodus, a fossil shark (elasmobranch). fragile, Pharetrium König, 1825: 4, pl. 7, fig. 80. Cretaceous. Mount San Petri (Italy?). Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 245, 246). giganteum, Dentalium Phillips, 1829: 164, pl. 14, fig. 8; 1835: 136, pl. 14, fig. 8. Jurassic, Liassic. Marlstone, Yorkshire, England. Holotype Yorkshire Museum 1998/718. Ditrupa-like serpulid polychaete (fide Palmer 2001: 253-255). Remark: this species was originally described as Dentalia giganteum. glabrum, Dentalium Montagu, 1803: 497. Caecum glabrum (Montagu) (Gastropoda) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241). gordonis, Cadulus Yokoyama, 1920: 104, pl. 6, figs 25, 26. Miyata and Naganuma Zones [Pliocene of Japan]. Lectotype UMT CM.20329 (designated by Taki & Oyama 1954: caption to pl. 7, as “holotype”); paralectotype UMT CM.20328. Ditrupa arietina (Polychaeta) (fide Habe 1963: 12). Remark: Oyama (1973: 3) explained the lectotype designations of Taki & Oyama (1954). goreanum, Dentalium Clessin, 1896: 42, pl. 10, figs 9, 10. Gorée [Senegal]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). hamatum, Dentalium? Forbes, 1846: 138, pl. xv, fig. 8. Trichinopoli [Tiruchchirappalli, Cretaceous of southern India]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). “hamatus”, Dentalium – Conrad 1870b: 77. Error for Dentalium falcatus Conrad, 1869 (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244, 245). howardensis, Clavulites Girty, 1904: 732, 733, pl. 47, figs 4-11. Burlingame Shale, Howard, Kansas, USA (Carboniferous). Type material USNM Paleontology 35134. Tentatively placed in the serpulid polychaetes by Yochelson (1971). imperforatum, Dentalium G. Adams, 1798: 635, pl. 14, fig. 8 [ex E. Jacob MS]. Sandwich, England, United Kingdom. This taxon appears to be a juvenile Caecum (Gastropoda) or possibly even a microscopic Protista. It is likely that the usage of this name by Montagu (1803: 496) and by Turton (1819: 39) for a species of Caecum (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241) were merely reiterations of G. Adams’ name, and not new species. incrassatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 180, pl. 79, figs 3, 4. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). incurvum, Dentalium Renier, 1804: xii, xx. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). Remark: Renier’s publication was placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Works in Zoological Nomen- ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) clature (ICZN 1954, Opinion 316), so this name is not available. indistinctum, Dentalium Fleming, 1825: 241, pl. ix, fig. 2. West Lothian [Scotland], Carboniferous. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). inornatum, Dentalium McCoy in Griffith, 1844: 47, pl. 5, fig. 30. Carboniferous. Ireland. Possible type material National Museum of Ireland, NMING F19087, NMING F4983 and NMING 19806 (fide Holland & Yochelson 2000). “Ortoceras” (Cephalopoda) (fide Holland & Yochelson 2000). Remark: Holland & Yochelson (2000) stated that “we suggest that [this taxon] be confined to use with the type material in the National Museum of Ireland noted above”. intestiniforme, Dentalium Hanley, 1860: 89 [49] [ex Linnaeus MS]. Published in synonymy of Vermetus gigas. Thylacodes polyphragma (Sassi, 1827) (Gastropoda: Vermetidae) (fide Mörch 1862: 66; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241). jungii, “Dentalium” – d’Orbigny 1852: index, p. 59. Lapsus for Fusus jungii (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241). laeve, Dentalium Brazier, 1877: 59. Darnley Island, Torres Strait [northern Australia]. Lectotype AMS C7525 (designated by Ponder & Stanbury 1972: 53) and paralectotypes (from Darnley Island and elsewhere). Junior homonym of Dentalium laeve (Schlotheim, 1820). Replacement name: Ditrypa [sic] brazieri Bretnall, 1921 (= Ditrupa gracillima Grube, 1878 (Polychaeta, Serpulida) (fide ten Hove & Smith 1990: 107; fide Lamprell & Healy 1998: 172). Remark: Finlay’s (1927: 521) replacement name for Dentalium laeve Brazier, 1877, Cadulus brazieri, is both an objective junior synonym and a secondary homonym of Bretnall’s name. ludbrooki, Dentalium (Gadilina) Caprotti, 1962: 96, 97, pl. 16, figs 4-6. Pliocene. Castell’Arquato, Piacenza, Italy. Holotype MSNM. Cuvierina jagti Janssen, 1995 (Gastropoda) (fide Janssen 1999). Remarks: Janssen (1999) concluded that Caprotti’s species was actually the shell of a planktonic pteropod (Gastropoda, Euthecosomata). Janssen also noted that Caprotti’s type material was not in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (Milano), contrary to the original description. martini, Dentalium Whitfield, 1882: 203. Upper Helderberg, near Dublin, Ohio [USA]. Coleolus crenatocinctum Hall, 1879 (phylum uncertain) (fide Yochelson & Goodison 1999: 634-640). mosae, Pyrgopolon Montfort, 1808: 394-396, text-fig. Cretaceous. Maastricht, Netherlands. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 245, 246). nigrofasciatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1830: 199. Pliocene, Zukowce, Volhynia [Ukraine]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). nigrum, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 345, 346. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). octocostatum, Dentalium Fraas, 1867a: 239, pl. 4, fig. 13; 1867b: 95, pl. 1, fig. 13. Cretaceous. Marsaba, 667 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Palestine. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 245). Remark: Blanckenhorn (1927: 123, 124, pl. 1, figs 2-8) considered this to be a valid species of Dentalium, but he did not discuss the contrary conclusion of Pilsbry & Sharp. onyx, Hamulus Morton, 1834: 73, 74, pl. 2, fig. 8, pl. 16, fig. 5. Cretaceous. Lynch’s Creek, South Carolina and Erie, Alabama, USA. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 245). opiparium, Quasidentalium Shimansky, 1974: 135, figs 2a-2c. Lower Carboniferous, Donets Basin [Russia]. Coleolus (fide Yochelson 1999: 63-65). osceola, Spirodentalium Walcott, 1890: 271, 272, pl. 20, fig. 12. Upper Cambrian, Potsdam Terrane. Osceola Mills, Wisconsin, USA. Lectotype USNM Paleobiology 23853a (selected by Yochelson 1987: 66, 67, fig. 1.4); two paralectotypes USNM Paleobiology 23853b, 23853c. Remark: Yochelson (1987) concluded that this taxon was actually an open-coiled gastropod, which he referred to the Euomphaloidea. pellucidum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791: 3738 [citing Schröter 1783-1786: 529]. Oceano septentrionali [northern ocean]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243, pl. 6, fig. 17). planum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814: 179, pl. 79, fig. 1. Bognor, England. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). pusillum, Dentalium Philippi, 1836: 245. Panormi, Catania [Sicily]. “Has been referred to Dischides politus, but it may be a Ditrupa” (Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). pygmaeus, Dentalium Defrance, 1819a: 71. Caecum (Gastropoda) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241). radicula, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818: 345. Eocene. Grignon, France. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). rudis, ?Dentalium Gabb, 1873: 244. San Domingo [Dominican Republic]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898a: 474, pl. 10, figs 4, 8; Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). rugosum, Dentalium Müller, 1851: 6, pl. 3, fig. 2. Cretaceous. Lusberg, Germany. Gastrochaena (Bivalvia) (fide Holzapfel 1888: 179). Remarks: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 227) initially suggested that this species might belong to the Serpulidae [Polychaeta] or Teredinidae [Bivalvia]; in their addendum, Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 255) then noted that Holzapfel (1888) had already placed this taxon in the Bivalvia. rugosum, Entalium Defrance, 1819b: 518. Cretaceous. Saint-Pierre, near Maastricht, Netherlands. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 245). septangulare, Dentalium Fleming, 1825: 240, pl. 9, fig. 1. Belfast [Ireland]. Probably “Serpula” heptagona Sowerby (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 243). septemcostatum, Dentalium Abich in Trautschold, 1859: 314, 315, pl. 6, fig. 5. Eocene and Oligocene 668 of Armenia. Probably “Serpula” heptagona Sowerby (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244). serratum, Dentalium Pictet & Roux, 1849: 150, pl. 27, fig. 12a, b. Cretaceous, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. Probably belongs to Hamulus (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244). sexcarinatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 4, pl. 166, fig. 12. Cretaceous. Friedland, Silesia (Pomerania?), Germany; St Petri, Maastricht, Netherlands. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244). sexradiatum, Dentalium Goldfuss – Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244. “Craie super. Maestricht”. Nomen nudum. May be an incorrect subsequent spelling of sexcarinatum Goldfuss, 1844 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244). Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 244) state that they “have seen no work in which this species is described”. sowerbyi, Dentalium Michelotti, 1847: 145. Miocene, Italy. Junior homonym of Dentalium sowerbyi Guilding, 1834. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244). spinulosum, Dentalium Miller, MSS – Pilsbry & Sharp (1898: 241) cited this name in the synonymy of. Hamites spinulosus J. Sowerby, 1818 (Cephalopoda). spirale, Dentalium Risso, 1826b: 125; 1826b: 401. (Fossil). France. Type material presumed lost (fide Arnaud 1978: 135). Polychaeta. Remark: Arnaud (1978: 135) noted that Risso’s unpublished illustration of the type specimen showed spiral ornamentation that is unknown in the Scaphopoda. strangulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 372, 373, pl. 16, fig. 28. Australian Sea?, fossil in England, France, and Italy. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244). Dentalium strangulosum “Deshayes” [Gümbel, 1861: 604] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. strangulosum, see strangulatum. “subcarinatum”, Dentalium “Münster in Goldfuss” – Ryckholt 1851. May be an incorrect subsequent spelling of Dentalium sexcarinatum Münster in Goldfuss, 1844 (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244). subtilis, Cadulus (Gadila) Plate, 1908a: 360, pl. 30, fig. 48. Recent. Near Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, Valdivia stn 244, 5°55.8’S, 39°1.2’E, 50 m. Lectotype ZMB 61108a (designated by Kilias 1995: 176); paralectotypes ZMB 61108b (1), ZMB 63842 (4). Remarks: Jaeckel (1932: 310) remarked upon certain similarities with Ditrupa (Polychaeta), and Kilias (1995: 176) parenthetically remarked that this taxon is probably Ditrupa. Plate’s illustration indeed resembles a worm tube, and the taxon may have to be removed from the Scaphopoda after examination of the types. subulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 373, pl. 16, fig. 29. Type locality not specified. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244). tiwhana, Dentalium Dell, 1953: 48, figs 17, 22. Chatham Rise, New Zealand, 361 m. Serpula crenata ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) (Ehlers, 1908) (Polychaeta, Serpulida) (fide ten Hove & Smith 1990: 107; fide Dell 1995: 21). trachea, Dentalium Montagu, 1803: 497, pl. 14, fig. 10. Caecum (Gastropoda) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 241). tricostatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841: 3, 4, pl. 166, fig. 11a, b. Cretaceous. Essen, Ruhr Valley, Westphalia [Germany]. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 246). typa, Throopella Greger, 1933: 373, 374, pl. 21. Upper Devonian, Cow Creek stage. Snyder Creek, central Missouri, USA. Emerson (1962: 480) and Starobogatov (1974: 8) excluded this taxon from the Scaphopoda. Starobogatov (1974) placed it in the toxeumorphorid Xenoconchia. undatum, Dentalium Defrance, 1819a: 72. SaintClément, near Angers [France]. Ditrupa (Polychaeta) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 244). vayssierei, Dentalium Fenaux, 1942: 3, text-fig. 5. Recent, 80 m, off Carro, France (Mediterranean Sea). Two syntypes (presumably in MOM). Polychaeta (fide V. Scarabino, in litt. 5.XI.2001). wilsoni, Dentalium Fraas, 1867a: 239, pl. 4, fig. 12; 1867b: 95, pl. 1, fig. 12. Cretaceous. Marsaba, Palestine. Polychaeta (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 246). Blanckenhorn (1927: 123, 124, pl. 1, figs 28) listed this as a junior synonym of Dentalium octocostatum Fraas, 1867, which he treated as a valid species of Dentalium, but he did not discuss the contrary conclusion of Pilsbry & Sharp. Acknowledgements The first author is most indebted to P. Bouchet, B. Métivier (MNHN), S. Gofas (University of Malaga), J. Taylor, K. Way, J. Pickering (BMNH) and D. Ivanov (MMSU) for making it possible to work at their institutions and for their help with the collections. I owe special thanks to V. Scarabino (Paris) for providing a wealth of information and help. The second author thanks K. J. Boss (MCZ) and M. G. Harasewych (USNM) for allowing him to use their departmental libraries, T. R. Waller and J. Thompson (USNM Paleobiology) for allowing him to examine the fossil type material in their collections, V. Héros (MNHN) for her help with the Dautzenberg type localities, and R. I. Johnson (MCZ) for his fine hospitality and access to his personal library. The following colleagues provided us with valuable information on type material and synonyms, or sent us copies of obscure publications: A. Baldinger ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) (MCZ), A. Beu (NZGS), R. Bieler (FMNH), E. Brunstad (Bergen, Norway), P. Callomon (Japan), K. Chinzei (FGK), G. Coan (CAS), A. Dhondt (KBINW), R. Eng (WSM), Y. Finet (MHNG), D. Geiger (SBMNH), B. Goddeeris (KBINW), D. Graf (ANSP), L. Groves (LACM), R. Janssen (SMF), E. Kools (CAS), S. Kosuge (IMT), K. B. Kvalsvik (ZMO), R. La Perna (Univ. Catania, Italy), A. Matsukuma (Kyushu University), R. Moolenbeek and A. N. Van der Bijl (ZMA), G. Pastorino (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales), R. E. Petit (North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina), M. Recevik (MCZ), G. Rosenberg (ANSP), H. Saito (NSMT), K. Sindemark (SMNH), J. A. Sneli (Trondheim Biological Station, Norway), J. Stilwell (JCU), R. Symonds (UMZC), S. Takeuchi (SHM), F. Wesselingh (RMNH), and R. White (YPM). We most appreciate the reviews provided by Philippe Bouchet and Victor Scarabino, which enhanced the accuracy and presentation of this catalog. Helmut Zibrowius (Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille) provided helpful comments on various species that were originally described as scaphopods but subsequently determined to be non-molluscan. Any remaining errors or omissions are solely the authors’ responsibility. REFERENCES The publication dates for books and articles published in journals has been verified, to the greatest extent possible, by reference to bound journal volumes and to compilations of publication dates for certain journals. 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L. & GOODISON R. 1999 [12 July]. — Devonian Dentalium martini Whitfield, 1882, is not a mollusk but a worm. Journal of Paleontology 73 (4): 634-640. YOCHELSON E. L. & HOLLAND, C. H. 2004 [April]. — Dentalium saturni Goldfuss, 1841 (Eifelian: Mollusca): complex issues from a simple fossil. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 78: 97-102. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) YOCHELSON E. L. & SAUNDERS B. W. 1967. — A bibliographic index of North American Late Paleozoic Hyolitha, Amphineura, Scaphopoda, and Gastropoda. United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1210: 271 p. YOKOYAMA M. 1920 [22 March]. — Fossils from the Miura Peninsula and its immediate north. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 39 (6): 1-198, pls 1-20. Y OKOYAMA M. 1922 [7 July]. — Fossils from the Upper Musashino of Kazusa and Shimosa. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 44 (1): viii + 1-200, pls 1-17. Y OKOYAMA M. 1923. — Tertiary fossils from Kii. 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Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University Tokyo, Section II: Geology, Mineralogy, Geography, Seismology 3 (4): 197-204, pl. 11. Y OO E. K. 1988 [16 December]. — Early Carboniferous Mollusca from Gundy, Upper Hunter, New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum 40 (3-4): 233-264. YOUNG J. A. JR 1942 [9 January]. — Pennsylvanian Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda from New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 16 (1): 120-125, pl. 20. Z ARDINI R. 1978 [November]. — Fossili Cassiani (Trias Medio-Superiore). Atlante dei gasteropodi della formazione di S. Cassiano raccolta nella regione dolomitica attorno a Cortina d’Ampezzo. Edizioni Ghedina, Cortina d’Ampezzo, 58 p., 41 pls. ZEIDLER W. & MACPHAIL M. K. 1978 [12 June]. — Mollusc type-specimens in the South Australian Museum; I: Cephalopoda and Scaphopoda. Records of the South Australian Museum 17 (26): 381-385. ZEKELI L. F. 1852. — Die Gastropoden der Gosaugebilde. Abhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen 707 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. geologischen Reichstanstalt in Wien, 2. Abtheilung 1 (2): 1-124, pls 1-24. Z ENKER J. C. 1836. — Historisch-topographisches Taschenbuch von Jena und seiner Umgebung besonders in naturwissenschaftlicher u. medicinischer Beziehung. F. Frommann, Jena, x + 338 p. Z ILCH A. 1934 [21 December]. — Zur Fauna des Mittel-Miocäns von Kostej (Banat). TypusBestimmung und Tafeln zu O. Boettger’s Bearbeitungen. Senckenbergiana 16 (4-6): 193-302, 22 pls. ZIMMERMANN K. G. 1847. — Ueber Tertiärpetrefacte aus dem Sachsenwalde. Amtlicher Bericht über die 24. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte in Kiel im September 1846: 240-244. ZINNDORF J. 1928. — Die Versteinerungen aus den Tertiär-Ablagerungen von Offenbach a. M. I. Teil. Die Conchylien des Rupeltones (Septarientones). Bericht über die Tätigkeit des Offenbacher Vereins für Naturkunde 66-68: 1-65, pls 1-6. Z I T T E L K. A. 1864. — Fossile Mollusken und Echinodermen aus Neu-Seeland. Novara-Expedition, Geologischer Theil, I., Band 2. Abtheilung, Paläontologie von Neu-Seeland. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Fossilen Flora und Fauna der Provinzen Auckland und Nelson: 15-68, pls 6-15. Submitted on 19 October 2001; accepted on 15 October 2004. 708 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) APPENDIX 1 Rectification of nomenclature. Renaming of homonyms. In the course of preparing this catalog, we identified a significant number of junior homonyms. Since the majority of scaphopod species were originally described in the genus Dentalium, it is not surprising that the same species name should be used twice, or even more often, for this genus. Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898) renamed numerous homonyms, except for several that they considered to be nomina dubia or otherwise invalid (e.g., “The name is preoccupied; but as this is probably not a valid species it need not be renamed”, Pilsbry & Sharp 1898: 310). Subsequently, Emerson (1954) renamed 12 junior homonyms, and Palmer (1974b) renamed 11 junior homonyms. These authors tartly noted that nearly all of these homonyms “could have been avoided” if the authors had taken the time to consult Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898) before describing their new species. We have uncovered an additional 29 junior homonyms, 13 of which are listed below and are herein renamed. Full bibliographic data for each species is given in the main catalog. There are 11 taxa that we have not renamed, although ICZN (1999) article 60.1 requires replacement names for junior homonyms that do not have an “available and potentially valid synonym”. If either the senior or the junior homonym is a dubious species due to the lack of type material, locality data, or proper descriptions, or if a junior synonym is available, we avoided introducing new names for probably invalid taxa. For each of these junior homonyms we justified our decisions in the main catalog: Dentalium attenuatum Sowerby, 1860 non Say, 1824; Dentalium ovale Cooke, 1928 non “Malm.”; Dentalium dentalis var. aequicostata Foresti, 1895 non Dentalium aequicostatum Koenen, 1892; Dentalium angulatum Vinassa de Regny, 1897 non Buckman in Murchison, 1845; Dentalium annulatum Cristofori & Jan, 1832 non Gmelin, 1791; Dentalium brevifissum Galeotti, 1837 non Deshayes, ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) 1825; Dentalium calabrum Crema, 1910 non O. G. Costa, 1851; Dentalium conicum Seguenza, 1876 non Hutton, 1873; Dentalium decemcostatum Quaas, 1902 non Brazier, 1877; Dentalium (Fustiaria) geinitzi Koenen, 1892 non Böhm, 1885; Dentalium(?) giganteum Zenker, 1836 non Phillips, 1829; Dentalium inaequicostatum Dautzenberg, 1891 non Seguenza, 1879; Dentalium (Fustiaria) inversum Cossmann, 1915 non Deshayes, 1825; Dentalium octogonum Rayneval, Hecke & Ponzi, 1854 non Lamarck, 1818; Dentalium (Entalina) mediocarinata pliocenica Koperberg, 1931 non Sacco, 1897; Dentalium rugosum Eichwald, 1857 non Dunker, 1849. Furthermore, this list of renamed homonyms does not include the numerous subspecific-rank names of Sacco (1897) and Locard, who repeatedly used the same name below the species level. Should a subsequent researcher recognize one of Sacco’s or Locard’s junior homonyms as being valid, it can then be renamed. Further, to the best of our knowledge, only one of these junior homonyms, Antalis inaequicostata (Dautzenberg, 1891) can be preserved pursuant to ICZN (1999) article 23.9.1, which allows for homonyms that have been widely used in the literature to be preserved if the senior name has not been used since 1899. Where possible, we contacted the authors of the species taxa that are junior homonyms, i.e. Rodolfo Brunet, Maria del Carmen Perrilliat and Victor Scarabino, to ascertain whether they would prefer to rename their own homonyms. Drs Perrilliat and Scarabino kindly consented to our renaming their homonyms; no reply was received from Mr Brunet, despite several inquiries. Dentalium (Graptacme) acuticostatum Plate, 1908a non Dentalium acuticostata Deshayes, 1825. Herein renamed Graptacme acutistriata Steiner & Kabat, 2004. 709 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Dentalium annulatum Meyer, 1886 non Dentalium annulatum Gmelin, 1791. Herein renamed Dentalium parannulatum Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Dentalium asperum Brunet, 1995 non Dentalium asperum Michelotti, 1847. Herein renamed Dentalium bruneti Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Dentalium bicarinatum Wanner, 1902 non Dentalium bicarinatum Deshayes, 1825. Herein renamed Dentalium wanneri Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Dentalium brevifissum Brugnone, 1876 non Dentalium brevifissum Deshayes, 1825. Herein renamed Dentalium brugnonei Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Dentalium duodecimcostatum Brazier, 1877 non Dentalium duodecimcostatum d’Archiac, 1850. Herein renamed Dentalium healyi Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Dentalium (Laevidentalium) ellipticum Koenen, 1892 non Dentalium ellipticum J. Sowerby, 1814. Herein renamed Laevidentalium pseudellipticum Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Dentalium flavum Scarabino, 1995 non Dentalium flavum Henderson, 1920. Herein renamed Dentalium scarabinoi Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Dentalium hexagonum Van Ingen, 1905 non Dentalium hexagonum Gould, 1859. Herein renamed Dentalium vaningeni Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Cadulus martini Scarabino, 1995 non Cadulus martini Finlay, 1927. Herein renamed Cadulus scarabinoi Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Dentalium (Tesseracme) mexicanum Perrilliat, 1975 non Dentalium mexicanum Girty, 1909. Herein renamed Dentalium perrilliatae Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Dentalium minor Stephenson, 1952 non Dentalium caudani var. minor Locard, 1898. Herein renamed Dentalium minorinum Steiner & Kabat, 2004. Dentalium polygonum Casey, 1903 non Dentalium polygonum Reuss, 1844. Herein renamed Dentalium caseyi Steiner & Kabat, 2004. APPENDIX 2 Arguments for the taxonomic decisions. NEW GENERIC COMBINATIONS Dentalium americanum Chenu, 1843 has previously been placed in Dentalium (e.g., Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 22; Henderson 1920: 27; Scarabino 1975: 183). This species shows six primary ribs characteristic for the genus Paradentalium, whereas Dentalium has eight to 12 primary ribs. Therefore, we have transferred this species to Paradentalium. Dentalium peruvianum Dall, 1908 has the following characters diagnostic of Fissidentalium: large (90 mm), almost straight shell with slightly depressed anterior aperture; a high number of primary ribs (about 26); a long and wide slit on the ventral side of the apex. In agreement with V. Scarabino (in litt. 6.III.2000), we have transferred this species to Fissidentalium. Dentalium cancellatum Sowerby, 1860 shows six to eight primary ribs (intercalating towards the anterior aperture) intersected by raised transverse striae giving the shell a cancellated appearance typical for Coccodentalium. Similar patterns of 710 sculpture are also present in some species of Fissidentalium and Compressidentalium, both of which have more than 12 primary ribs. We, therefore, transferred this species to Coccodentalium. Cadulus (Platyschides) foweyensis Henderson, 1920 has four apical lobes, two lateral and one each dorsal and ventral, separated by distinct notches. This is typical for the genus Polyschides. We, therefore, transferred this species to Polyschides. Cadulus (Platyschides) nitidus Henderson, 1920 has four apical lobes, two lateral and one each dorsal and ventral, separated by distinct notches. This is typical for the genus Polyschides. We, therefore, have transferred this species to Polyschides. Cadulus poculum Dall, 1889 has been transferred to the genus Polyschides because of the position of the maximum diameter being in the anterior third of the shell and the lateral projections at the apex indicating four apical lobes. Henderson ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) (1920: 108, 109) listed this species in his subgenus Platyschides that was synonymized with Gadila by Scarabino (1995). Although the placement into Gadila is possible due to the inadequately preserved apical features, the strongly oblique anterior aperture resembles that of several Polyschides species. Cadulus (Platyschides) portoricensis Henderson, 1920 has four apical lobes typical for the genus Polyschides. We, therefore, have transferred this species to Polyschides. Siphodentalium teres Jeffreys, 1883 has been removed from Siphonodentalium because it has neither more than four apical lobes nor an anterior constriction, which is diagnostic of Siphonodentalium. Because of the long and slightly tapering shell and the radula morphology (polygonal, unicuspidate rhachis; lateral tooth with three cusps, the posterior two being closer to each other and separated from the anterior cusp by a nodulous ridge), we have transferred this species to Pulsellum. The two lateral lobes at the shell apex, however, are unique among the Scaphopoda. NEW SYNONYMIES The following taxa have previously been recognized as a valid species, or as infrasubspecific taxa, of Fissidentalium: Dentalium ergasticum Fischer, 1883 (Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 74, 75) and its forms D. e. var. albida Locard, 1898, D. e. var. elongata Locard, 1898, D. e. var. major Locard, 1896, D. e. var. minor Locard, 1898; D. milneedwardsi Locard, 1897; D. scamnatum Locard, 1897 (Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 79) and its forms D. s. var. alba Locard, 1898, D. s. var. minor Locard, 1898, D. s. var. subrecta Locard, 1898. However, these taxa fall within the range of variation of Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877), as Bernard Métivier (MNHN; unpublished, pers. comm.) has demonstrated by his comparison of available type material and additional material. The synoymy of D. ergasticum Fischer, 1883, D. milneedwardsi Locard, 1897, and D. scamnatum Locard, 1897 with Fissidentalium capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877) is, therefore, credited to B. Métivier. Note that this synonymy changes ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) the name of the type species of the genus Fissidentalium from Fissidentalium ergasticum to Fissidentalium capillosum. Dentalium caudani Locard, 1896 and its forms D. c. var. parfaiti Locard, 1898, D. c. var. intermedia Locard, 1898, and D. c. var. minor Locard, 1898 have previously been recognized as a valid species, or as infrasubspecific taxa, of Laevidentalium (Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 104). However, these taxa fall within the range of variation of Fissidentalium candidum (Jeffreys, 1877), as Bernard Métivier (MNHN; unpublished, pers. comm.) has demonstrated by his comparison of available type material and additional material. The synonymy of D. caudani Fischer, 1883 with F. candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) is, therefore, credited to B. Métivier. Dentalium exuberans Locard, 1897 and its form D. e. var. minor Locard, 1898 have previously been recognized as a valid species, or as infrasubspecific taxon, of Fissidentalium (Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 78, 79). However, shell shape and sculpture of these taxa are identical with the previously described F. paucicostatum (Watson, 1879), as Bernard Métivier (MNHN; unpublished, pers. comm.) has demonstrated by his comparison of available type material and additional material. The synonymy of D. exuberans Locard, 1897 with F. paucicostatum (Watson, 1879) is, therefore, credited to B. Métivier. Dentalium (Fustiaria) inversum Cossmann, 1915 is placed in tentative synonymy with Fustiaria montense (Briart & Cornet, 1889) because it differs only in the dorsal position of the apical slit. Cossmann (1915: 7) remarked that the type specimen may be only an inverted specimen of Fustiaria montense. Dorsal displacement of the slit infrequently occurs in other species of the genus (G. S. pers. obs.) and is, thus, not considered sufficient to separate a species, especially since the description was based on a single specimen only. Dentalium tessellatum Scarabino, 1995 matches the description and illustration of Dentalium habutae Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933 in all details of shell shape and sculpture (V. Scarabino pers. comm., and in litt. 14.I.1997). Dentalium habutae is considered a valid species of 711 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. Entalinopsis (Habe, 1957: 13). Therefore, we credit the synonymization of D. tessellatum Scarabino, 1995 with Entalinopsis habutae (Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933) to V. Scarabino. Since this species is known from its shell only, its systematic position remains tentative. Cadulus (Cadulus) halius Henderson, 1920 (p. 149) falls within the range of variation of Cadulus (Cadulus) podagrinus Henderson, 1920 (p. 148, 149). Both taxa were described from the same sample. Examination of the type material showed that the shells are identical except for the varying length between the posterior aperture and the location of the maximum diameter. Because these differences are insignificant, we have synonymized Cadulus halius Henderson, 1920 with C. podagrinus Henderson, 1920. Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum tenax Henderson, 1920 falls within the range of variation of the nominate species, Antalis cerata (Dall, 1881), and is, therefore, placed in synonymy with the nominate species. Cadulus (Platyschides) rushii arne Henderson, 1920 falls within the range of variation of the nominate species, Polyschides rushii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898), and is, therefore, placed in synonymy with the nominate species. Cadulus (Gadila) agassizii var. hatterasensis Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 falls within the range of variation of the nominate species, Gadila agassizii (Dall, 1881), and is, therefore, placed in synonymy with the nominate species. Dentalium bartonense Palmer, 1974 is an objective junior synonym of Dentalium acuticostata Deshayes, 1825. Both names are replacement names for Dentalium striatum J. Sowerby, 1814 non Born, 1778. Palmer (1974b: 125) proposed Dentalium bartonense as a replacement name, apparently being unaware that Deshayes had already renamed this species. APPENDIX 3 Generic catalog of Recent species. The compilation of valid Recent species names is taken from Steiner & Kabat (2001) and modified according to the nomenclatural and taxonomic acts in this catalog. It alphabetically lists the species names for each genus, the authority for each taxon, and the number of valid Recent species for each genus in brackets. Annulipulsellum Scarabino, 1986 [1] euzkadii Scarabino, 1986 Antalis H. & A. Adams, 1854 [41] aculeata (Sowerby, 1860) agilis (G. O. Sars, 1872) antillaris (d’Orbigny, 1853) bartletti (Henderson, 1920) berryi (Smith & Gordon, 1948) boucheti Scarabino, 1995 cerata (Dall, 1881) circumcincta (Watson, 1879) 712 dentalis (Linnaeus, 1758) diarrhox (Watson, 1879) disparile (d’Orbigny, 1853) entalis (Linnaeus, 1758) gardineri (Melvill, 1909) glaucarena (Dell, 1953) guillei Scarabino, 1995 inaequicostata (Dautzenberg, 1891) inflexa (Sowerby, 1903) infracta (Odhner, 1931) intesi (Nicklès, 1979) longitrorsa (Reeve, 1843) marukawai (Otuka, 1933) minutissima (Ludbrook, 1954) nana (Hutton, 1873) novemcostata (Lamarck, 1818) occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851) panorma (Chenu, 1843) perinvoluta (Ludbrook, 1954) phanea (Dall, 1895) pilsbryi (Rehder, 1942) porcata (Gould, 1859) ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) pretiosa (Sowerby, 1860) rossati (Caprotti, 1966) senegalensis (Dautzenberg, 1891) suteri (Emerson, 1954) taphria (Dall, 1889) tibana (Nomura, 1940) tubulata (Henderson, 1920) usitata (E. A. Smith, 1894) valdiviae (Plate, 1908) vulgaris (Da Costa, 1778) weinkauffi (Dunker, 1877) Anulidentalium Chistikov, 1975 [1] bambusa Chistikov, 1975 Bathoxiphus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [5] ensiculus (Jeffreys, 1877) inexpectatus Scarabino, 1995 soyomaruae Okutani, 1964 stanisici Lamprell & Healy, 1998 steineri Lamprell & Healy, 1998 Bathycadulus Scarabino, 1995 [1] fabrizioi Scarabino, 1995 Cadulus Philippi, 1844 [54] aequatorialis Jaeckel, 1932 amphora Jeffreys, 1883 ampullaceus Watson, 1879 aratus Hedley, 1899 artatus Locard, 1897 atlanticus Henderson, 1920 attenuatus Monterosato, 1875 californicus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 campylus Melvill, 1906 catharus Henderson, 1920 chuni Jaeckel, 1932 colliverae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 congruens Watson, 1879 cucurbitus Dall, 1881 curtus Watson, 1879 cyathoides Jaeckel, 1932 cylindratus Jeffreys, 1877 delicatulus Suter, 1913 euloides Melvill & Standen, 1901 exiguus Watson, 1879 florenciae Scarabino, 1995 gibbus Jeffreys, 1883 glans Scarabino, 1995 gracilis Jeffreys, 1877 jeffreysi (Monterosato, 1875) labeyriei Scarabino, 1995 lunulus Dall, 1881 macleani Emerson, 1978 minusculus Dall, 1889 monterosatoi Locard, 1897 obesus Watson, 1879 occiduus Verco, 1911 ovulum (Philippi, 1844) ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) parvus Henderson, 1920 platei Jaeckel, 1932 platensis Henderson, 1920 podagrinus Henderson, 1920 propinquus G. O. Sars, 1878 rossoi Nicklès, 1979 rudmani Lamprell & Healy, 1998 scarabinoi Steiner & Kabat, 2004 siberutensis Jaeckel, 1932 simillimus Watson, 1879 simpsoni Henderson, 1920 sofiae Scarabino, 1995 subfusiformis (M. Sars, 1865) teliger Finlay, 1926 tersus Henderson, 1920 thielei Plate, 1908 transitorius Henderson, 1920 tumidosus Jeffreys, 1877 valdiviae Jaeckel, 1932 vincentianus Cotton & Godfrey, 1940 woodhousae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 Calliodentalium Habe, 1964 [4] balanoides (Plate, 1908) callipeplum (Dall, 1889) crocinum (Dall, 1907) semitracheatum (Boissevain, 1906) Chistikovia Scarabino, 1995 [1] kermadecae Scarabino, 1995 Coccodentalium Sacco, 1896 [2] cancellatum (Sowerby, 1860) gemmiparum (Melvill, 1909) Compressidens Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [9] brevicornu (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) comprimatum (Plate, 1908) infimus Scarabino, 1995 kikuchii (Kuroda & Habe, 1952) ophiodon (Dall, 1881) platyceras (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) pressum (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) stearnsii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) wellsiana (Kraeuter, 1972) Compressidentalium Habe, 1963 [10] ceciliae Scarabino, 1995 clathratum (von Martens, 1881) compressiusculum (Boissevain, 1906) hungerfordi (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) lardum (Barnard, 1963) sedecimcostatum (Boissevain, 1906) sibogae (Boissevain, 1906) subcurvatum (E. A. Smith, 1906) sumatrense (Plate, 1908) zanzibarense (Plate, 1908) Costentalina Chistikov, 1982 [7] caymanica Chistikov, 1982 713 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. elegans Chistikov, 1982 indica Chistikov, 1982 leptoconcha Chistikov, 1982 pacifica Chistikov, 1982 tuscarorae Chistikov, 1982 vemae Scarabino, 1986 Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758 [68] aciculum Gould, 1859 adenense Ludbrook, 1954 agassizi Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 aprinum Linnaeus, 1767 austini Lamprell & Healy, 1998 bisexangulatum Sowerby, 1860 buccinulum Gould, 1859 burtonae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 caledonicum Scarabino, 1995 cheverti Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 clavus Cooke, 1885 collinsae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 congoensis Plate, 1908 cookei Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 crosnieri Scarabino, 1995 curtum Sowerby, 1860 dacostianum Chenu, 1843 decemcostatum Brazier, 1877 deforgesi Scarabino, 1995 elephantinum Linnaeus, 1758 eupatrides Melvill & Standen, 1907 exmouthensis Lamprell & Healy, 1998 filosum Broderip & Sowerby, 1830 garrardi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 goftoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998 gouldii Dall, 1889 grahami Lamprell & Healy, 1998 healyi Steiner & Kabat, 2004 hedleyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 hillae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 hyperhemileuron Verco, 1911 invalidum Emerson, 1954 javanum Sowerby, 1860 jeanae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 jelli Lamprell & Healy, 1998 katchekense Fischer-Piette & Nicklès, 1946 kathwayae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 kessneri Lamprell & Healy, 1998 laqueatum Verrill, 1885 lessoni Deshayes, 1825 letsonae Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 leucoryx Boissevain, 1906 lochi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 majorinum Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889 mannarense Winckworth, 1927 mediopacificensis Rehder & Ladd, 1973 michelottii Hörnes, 1856 neohexagonum Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 obscurum Dall, 1889 obtusum Qi & Ma, 1989 714 octangulatum Donovan, 1803 oerstedii Mörch, 1861 oryx Boissevain, 1906 peitaihoensis King & Ping, 1935 pluricostatum Boissevain, 1906 potteri Lamprell & Healy, 1998 reevei Fischer, 1871 regulare E. A. Smith, 1903 robustum Brazier, 1877 rowei Lamprell & Healy, 1998 scarabinoi Steiner & Kabat, 2004 strigatum Gould, 1859 stumkatae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 tomlini Melvill, 1918 vallicolens Raymond, 1904 variabile Deshayes, 1825 wellsi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 woolacottae Colman, 1958 Dischides Jeffreys, 1867 [13] atlantideus (Nicklès, 1955) belcheri Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 dartevellei (Nicklès, 1979) dichelus (Watson, 1879) hintoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998 leloeuffi (Nicklès, 1979) minutus (H. Adams, 1872) ovalis (Boissevain, 1906) politus (S. Wood, 1842) prionotus (Watson, 1879) splendens Raines, 2002 viperidens (Melvill & Standen, 1896) yateensis Scarabino, 1995 Entalina Monterosato, 1872 [7] adenensis Ludbrook, 1954 dorsicostata Lamprell & Healy, 1998 inaequisculpta Ludbrook, 1954 mirifica (E. A. Smith, 1895) platamodes (Watson, 1879) subterlineata (Tomlin, 1931) tetragona (Brocchi, 1814) Entalinopsis Habe, 1957 [4] habutae (Kuraoda & Kikuchi, 1933) intercostata (Boissevain, 1906) micra Scarabino, 1995 stellata Scarabino, 1995 Epirhabdoides Steiner, 1999 [1] ivanovi Steiner, 1999 Episiphon Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [17] bordaensis (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938) candelatum (Kira, 1959) didymum (Watson, 1879) filum (Sowerby, 1860) fistula (Sowerby, 1860) gazellae (Plate, 1908) ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) innumerabile (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) jamiesoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998 kiaochowwanense (Tchang & Tsi, 1950) longum (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) pichoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998 sominium (Okutani, 1964) sowerbyi (Guilding, 1834) subtorquatum (Fischer, 1871) truncatum (Boissevain, 1906) virginieae Scarabino, 1995 virgula (Hedley, 1903) Eudentalium Cotton & Godfrey, 1933 [1] quadricostatum (Brazier, 1877) Fissidentalium Fischer, 1885 [41] actiniophorum Shimek, 1997 aegeum (Watson, 1879) amphialum (Watson, 1879) candidum (Jeffreys, 1877) capillosum (Jeffreys, 1877) carduus (Dall, 1889) ceras (Watson, 1879) complexum (Dall, 1895) concinnum (von Martens, 1878) cornubovis (E. A. Smith, 1906) edenensis Lamprell & Healy, 1998 elizabethae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 erosum Shimek & Moreno, 1996 eualdes (Barnard, 1963) exasperatum (Sowerby, 1903) franklinae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 horikoshii Okutani, 1982 kawamurai Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961 laterischismum Shikama & Habe, 1963 levii Scarabino, 1995 magnificum (E. A. Smith, 1896) malayanum (Boissevain, 1906) megathyris (Dall, 1890) metivieri Scarabino, 1995 opacum (Sowerby, 1829) paucicostatum (Watson, 1879) peruvianum (Dall, 1908) n. comb. platypleurum (Tomlin, 1931) ponderi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 profundorum (E. A. Smith, 1894) salpinx (Tomlin, 1931) semivestitum (Locard, 1897) serrulatum (E. A. Smith, 1906) shirleyae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 shoplandi (Jousseaume, 1894) tenuicostatum Qi & Ma, 1989 verconis (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938) vicdani Kosuge, 1981 waterhousae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 yokoyamai (Makiyama, 1931) zelandicum (Sowerby, 1860) Fustiaria Stoliczka, 1868 [11] caesura (Colman, 1958) ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) crosnieri Nicklès, 1979 engischista (Barnard, 1963) gruveli (Dautzenberg, 1910) langfordi (Habe, 1963) liodon (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) nipponica (Yokoyama, 1922) polita (Linnaeus, 1767) rubescens (Deshayes, 1825) stenoschiza (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) vagina Scarabino, 1995 Gadila Gray, 1847 [63] aberrans (Whiteaves, 1887) abruptoinflata (Boissevain, 1906) acuminata (Tate, 1887) acus (Dall, 1889) aequalis (Dall, 1881) agassizii (Dall, 1881) amianta (Dall, 1889) anguidens (Melvill & Standen, 1898) angustior (Verco, 1911) arctus (Henderson, 1920) austinclarki (Emerson, 1951) boissevainae (Jaeckel, 1932) bordaensis (Cotton & Godfrey, 1940) boucheti (Nicklès, 1979) braziliensis (Henderson, 1920) brycei Lamprell & Healy, 1998 bushii (Dall, 1889) carlessi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 clavata (Gould, 1859) cobbi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 desaintlaurentae Scarabino, 1995 divae (Vélain, 1877) dominguense (d’Orbigny, 1853) doumenci Scarabino, 1995 elenae Scarabino, 1995 elephas (Henderson, 1920) fraseri Nicklès, 1955 gadus (Montagu, 1803) greenlawi (Henderson, 1920) honoluluensis (Watson, 1879) iota (Henderson, 1920) ludbrookae (Cotton & Godfrey, 1940) marchadi (Nicklès, 1979) mayori (Henderson, 1920) minutalis Scarabino, 1995 monodonta Scarabino, 1995 nicklesi (Dell, 1964) opportuna Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961 pandionis (Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1880) perpusilla (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) peruviana (Dall, 1908) platystoma (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) providensis (Henderson, 1920) pseudolivae (Boissevain, 1906) rastridens (Watson, 1879) regularis (Henderson, 1920) sagamiensis Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971 715 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. sauridens (Watson, 1879) senegalensis (Locard, 1897) singaporensis (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) spreta (Tate & May, 1900) strangulata (Locard, 1897) striata (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) subcolubridens (Ludbrook, 1954) subtilis (Plate, 1908) subula (Henderson, 1920) tolmiei (Dall, 1897) verrilli (Henderson, 1920) virginalis (Boissevain, 1906) vulpidens (Watson, 1879) watsoni (Dall, 1881) whitneyae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 zonata (Boissevain, 1906) Gadilina Foresti, 1895 [2] insolita (E. A. Smith, 1894) pachypleura (Boissevain, 1906) Graptacme Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [16] acutissima (Watson, 1879) acutistriata Steiner & Kabat, 2004 africana (Sowerby, 1903) calamus (Dall, 1889) eborea (Conrad, 1846) elpis (Winckworth, 1927) inversa (Deshayes, 1825) lactea (Deshayes, 1825) marchadi (Nicklès, 1979) nielseni Lamprell & Healy, 1998 novaehollandiae (Chenu, 1843) perlonga (Dall, 1881) secta (Deshayes, 1825) semistriata (Turton, 1819) splendida (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) takakoae Tsuchida & Tachi, 1999 Heteroschismoides Ludbrook, 1960 [1] subterfissus (Jeffreys, 1877) Laevidentalium Cossmann, 1888 [18] ambiguum (Chenu, 1843) arnoldi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 banale (Boissevain, 1906) bisinuatum (André, 1896) coruscum (Pilsbry, 1905) eburneum (Linnaeus, 1767) ensiforme (Chenu, 1842) erectum (Sowerby, 1860) gofasi Scarabino, 1995 houbricki Scarabino, 1995 jaffaensis (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938) largicrescens (Tate, 1899) lebruni (Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889) leptosceles (Watson, 1879) lubricatum (Sowerby, 1860) 716 marshae Lamprell & Healy, 1998 martyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 zeidleri Lamprell & Healy, 1998 Megaentalina Habe, 1963 [2] cornucopiae (Boissevain, 1906) mediocarinata (Boissevain, 1906) Omniglypta Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1953 [1] cerina (Pilsbry, 1905) Paradentalium Cotton & Godfrey, 1933 [14] americanum (Chenu, 1843) n. comb. angustistriatum Chistikov, 1979 flindersi (Cotton & Ludbrook, 1938) francisense (Verco, 1911) gradile Chistikov, 1979 hemileuron (Verco, 1911) hexagonum (Gould, 1859) intercalatum (Gould, 1859) katowense (Brazier, 1877) natalense (Barnard, 1963) octopleuron (Verco, 1911) pistis (Winckworth, 1940) pseudosexagonum (Deshayes, 1825) rudoi Scarabino, 1995 Pertusiconcha Chistikov, 1982 [2] callithrix (Dall, 1889) tridentata Chistikov, 1982 Pictodentalium Habe, 1963 [3] festivum (Sowerby, 1914) formosum (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) vernedei (Hanley in Sowerby, 1860) Plagioglypta Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 [1] pertracheata (Plate, 1908) Polyschides Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 [25] andersoni Lamprell & Healy, 1998 arnaudi Scarabino, 1995 carolinensis (Bush in Verrill, 1885) cuspidatus (Nicklès, 1979) elongatus (Henderson, 1920) fausta Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971 foweyensis (Henderson, 1920) n. comb. gibbosus (Verco, 1911) grandis (Verrill, 1884) kaiyomaruae Okutani, 1975 miamiensis (Henderson, 1920) nedallisoni (Emerson, 1978) nitidus (Henderson, 1920) n. comb. olivi (Scacchi, 1835) pelamidae Chistikov, 1979 poculum (Dall, 1889) n. comb. portoricensis (Henderson, 1920) n. comb. quadrifissatus (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) rushii (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) sakuraii (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961) spectabilis (Verrill, 1885) sutherlandi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 tetraschistus (Watson, 1879) tetrodon (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) vietnamicus Chistikov, 1979 Pulsellum Stoliczka, 1868 [15] affine (M. Sars, 1865) beecheyi Lamprell & Healy, 1998 bushi (Henderson, 1920) eboracense (Watson, 1879) falklandicum (Dell, 1964) fragile Scarabino, 1995 hige Habe, 1963 kurogenge Habe & Kosuge, 1964 lofotense (M. Sars, 1865) occidentale (Henderson, 1920) pusillum (Watson, 1879) salishorum Marshall, 1980 teres (Jeffreys, 1883) thomassini Scarabino, 1995 verrilli (Henderson, 1920) Rhabdus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 [5] aequatorius (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) dalli (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897) perceptus (Mabille & Rochebrune in Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889) rectius (Carpenter, 1864) toyamaense (Kuroda & Kikuchi, 1933) Rhomboxiphus Chistikov, 1983 [2] colmani (Palmer, 1974) tricarinatus (Boissevain, 1906) Sagamicadulus Sakurai & Shimazu, 1963 [1] elegantissimus Sakurai & Shimazu, 1963 Schizodentalium Sowerby, 1894 [1] plurifissuratum Sowerby, 1894 Siphonodentalium M. Sars, 1859 [16] australasiae Boissevain, 1906 booceras (Tomlin, 1926) colubridens (Watson, 1879) dalli (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) hexaschistum (Boissevain, 1906) isaotakii Habe, 1953 jaeckeli Scarabino, 1995 japonicum Habe, 1960 laubieri Bouchet & Warén, 1979 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) lobatum (Sowerby, 1860) longilobatum (Boissevain, 1906) magnum (Boissevain, 1906) okudai Habe, 1953 promontorii (Barnard, 1963) summa (Okutani, 1964) tytthum Watson, 1879 Solenoxiphus Chistikov, 1983 [1] striatulus Chistikov, 1983 Spadentalina Habe, 1963: 264 [2] ingrata Scarabino, 1995 tubiformis (Boissevain, 1906) Striocadulus Emerson, 1962 [4] albicomatus (Dall, 1890) ludbrookae Scarabino, 1995 pulcherrimus (Boissevain, 1906) sagei Scarabino, 1995 Striodentalium Habe, 1964 [8] chinensis Qi & Ma, 1989 concretum (Colman, 1958) hosoi (Habe, 1963) kanakorum Scarabino, 1995 polycostatum Qi & Ma, 1989 rhabdotum (Pilsbry, 1905) thetidis (Hedley, 1903) tosaensis (Habe, 1963) Striopulsellum Scarabino, 1995 [3] galatheae (Knudsen, 1964) minimum (Plate, 1908) striatinum (Henderson, 1920) Tesseracme Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 [7] dispar (Sowerby, 1860) hancocki (Emerson, 1956) philcolmani Lamprell & Healy, 1998 quadrangularis (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) quadrapicalis (Hanley in Sowerby, 1860) tesseragona (Sowerby in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832) tetrapleura (Boissevain, 1906) Wemersoniella Scarabino, 1986 [4] duartei Scarabino, 1986 indica Scarabino, 1995 knudseni Scarabino, 1995 turnerae Scarabino, 1986 717 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. APPENDIX 4 Geological catalog of fossil species. The fossil species that are currently treated as valid – i.e. neither junior synonyms nor junior homonyms – are indexed by geological period (Paleozoic and Mesozoic) and epoch (Cenozoic). However, it must be emphasized that some of this information is based on the older literature, which may have been based on erroneous or outdated stratigraphic determinations. A question mark (“?”) before a species name indicates a doubtful placement; at the end are those elusive species described only as “fossil” but without further stratigraphic details. Many of the Pleistocene and some of the Pliocene species are also known from the Recent, as indicated in the main catalog. Generic placements are as in the original description, except for those relatively few fossil species that were subsequently transferred to other genera. The sequence of geological eras, periods, and epochs, and the assignments of stages and other subdivisions to epochs, is taken from Harland et al. (1990). It must be emphasized that the majority of fossil species listed herein have not been analyzed in any substantive manner since the time of Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898). Hence, their inclusion in this Appendix is merely a compilation of nomenclaturally available names arranged by stratigraphic time periods. Thus, the numbers of species names for each time period should not be taken as an actual measure of paleontological diversity, which will require a modern determination of the phylogenetic validity of each described species. PALEOZOIC Cambrian None Ordovician iowaensis, Plagioglypta (James, 1890) kentuckyensis, Rhytiodentalium Pojeta & Runnegar, 1979 Silurian granosum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857 notabile, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857 718 Devonian applanatum, Dentalium Torley, 1908 crox, Dentalium Keyserling, 1847 ibergense, Dentalium Römer, 1855 patriciae, Laevidentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992 ?saturni, Dentalium Hoeninghaus, 1836 ?tenuissimum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1876 Carboniferous acumen, Dentalium (de Koninck, 1883) acutisulcatum, Dentalium Gurley, 1883 annuliferum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 annulostriatum, Dentalium Meek & Worthen, 1871 barquense, Dentalium Winchell, 1862 batheri, Dentalium Finlay, 1927 chubutensis, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Sabattini, 1979 cornu, Dentalium de Koninck, 1877 cyrtoceratoides, Dentalium (de Koninck, 1883) dentaloideum, Dentalium (Phillips, 1836) grandaevum, Dentalium Winchell, 1863 herculea, Plagioglypta (de Koninck, 1863) illinoiensis, Dentalium Worthen, 1883 ingens, Plagioglypta (de Koninck, 1843) kansasense, Dentalium (Paleodentalium) Gentile, 1974 longistriatum, Fissidentalium “?” Yoo, 1988 meekiana, Plagioglypta (Geinitz, 1866) mexicanum, Dentalium Girty, 1909 missouriense, Dentalium Swallow, 1863 navicanum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851 novaresei, Dentalium (Plagioglypta) de Stefani, 1917 numerosa, Plagioglypta Yoo, 1988 obsoletum, Prodentalium (Hall, 1858) ornatum, Dentalium de Koninck, 1843 orthoceras, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 perarmatum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851 primarium, Dentalium Hall, 1858 priscum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841 prosseri, Plagioglypta Morningstar, 1922 protuberans, Pipadentalium Yoo, 1988 raymondi, Prodentalium Young, 1942 rectiusculum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857 runnegari, Scissuradentalium Yoo, 1988 semicostatum, Prodentalium (Girty, 1911) subannulata, Plagioglypta Easton, 1962 subcanaliculatum, Dentalium Sandberger & Sandberger, 1856 taeniolatum, Dentalium Sandberger & Sandberger, 1856 venustum, Dentalium Meek & Worthen, 1861 verrucosum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1857 walciodorense, Dentalium (de Koninck, 1883) ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) Permian akasakensis, Dentalium Hayasaka, 1925 arcturus, Calstevenus Yancey, 1973 canna, Prodentalium (White, 1874) furcata, Plagioglypta “?” Waterhouse, 1980 girtyi, Plagioglypta Knight, 1940 komiensis, Laevidentalium “?” Kulikov, 1967 lanceolata, Theca Morris, 1845 neornatum, Dentalium Hayasaka, 1925 robusta, Plagioglypta Detre, 1993 sorbii, Dentalium King, 1850 sueroi, Calstevenus Sabattini, 1979 wymensis, Laevidentalium “?” Kulikov, 1967 “Paleozoic” (period not specified) arenarium, Dentalium Römer, 1855 granvillensis, Dentalium Herrick, 1888 (“Subcarboniferous”) striatus, Prodentalium (Romanovskii, 1890) MESOZOIC Triassic angelae, Prodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992 anisicum, Dentalium Schnetzer, 1934 arctoides, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934 arctum, Dentalium Pichler, 1857 bangtoupoensis, Laevidentalium Stiller, 2001 boreale, Dentalium Böhm, 1904 cannaliculatum, Dentalium Klipstein, 1843 castellacei, Dentalium Scalia, 1914 cyrtoceroides, Dentalium Broili, 1907 decoratum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841 exile, Dentalium Tommasi, 1901 gallensteini, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934 guizhouensis, Plagioglypta Stiller, 2001 herritschi, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934 kahleri, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934 kittli, Dentalium Cossmann, 1900 klipsteini, Dentalium Kittl, 1891 laevis, Entalis (Schlotheim, 1820) ?lombardicum, Dentalium Kittl, 1899 multiclathratum, Dentalium Martelli, 1905 pentagonale, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 qingyanicum, Prodentalium Stiller, 2001 quadrangulum, Dentalium Assmann, 1937 readi, Dentalium Emerson, 1954 regium, Dentalium Assmann, 1937 schafferi, Dentalium Gugenberger, 1934 simile, Dentalium Wissmann, 1841 spitiense, Dentalium Gümbel, 1866 subregulare, Dentalium Palmer, 1974 torquata, Entalis (Schlotheim, 1820) undulatum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841 Jurassic amalthei, Laevidentalium (Engel, 1891) andleri, Dentalium Oppel, 1856 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) angulatum, Dentalium Buckman in Murchison, 1845 bandeli, Prodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992 boonei, Dentalium Cossmann, 1924 calvertensis, Prodentalium Palmer, 1975 cinctum, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841 corallinum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 dehmi, Dentalium Kuhn, 1935 etalense, Laevidentalium (Terquem & Piette, 1865) filicauda, Dentalium Quenstedt, 1852 glabellum, Dentalium Blake, 1907 gladiolus, Dentalium Eichwald, 1846 hexagonale, Dentalium Richardson, 1906 jaegeri, Suevidontis Engeser, Riedel & Bandel, 1993 liassicum, Prodentalium (Moore, 1866) limatuloides, Baltodentalium (Kuhn, 1935) limatulum, Baltodentalium (Tate, 1870) minimum, Laevidentalium (Buckman in Murchison, 1845) moreanum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1845 normanianum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 nudum, Dentalium Zekeli, 1852 oblongum, Dentalium Richardson, 1906 oolithicum, Dentalium Piette, 1856 opalina, Dentalium filicauda var. Quenstedt, 1856 ovale, Dentalium “Malm.” Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 parkinsoni, Dentalium Quenstedt, 1852 pellati, Laevidentalium (Loriol in Loriol & Pellat, 1874) portlocki, Dentalium Tate, 1870 quenstedti, Dentalium Blake, 1875 richardsoni, Laevidentalium (Cossmann, 1907) rigauxi, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) Fischer & Vadet, 1985 sabrinae, Dentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992 soliticum, Dentalium Piette, 1855 spaethi, Progadilina Engeser & Riedel, 1992 subovata, Progadilina (Richardson, 1906) subparvulum, Laevidentalium (Emerson, 1954) subquadratum, Dentalium Meek, 1860 subtrigonalis, Progadilina (Richardson, 1906) tenue, Dentalium Goldfuss, 1841 tenuistriata, Cyrtoconella Patrulius, 1996 terquemi, Dentalium Richardson, 1906 triedra, Serpula Quenstedt, 1856 trigonalis, Progadilina “?” (Moore, 1866) weitschati, Baltodentalium Engeser & Riedel, 1992 Cretaceous alatum, Dentalium Gardner, 1878 alineatum, Dentalium Stephenson, 1952 angulare, Dentalium Kaunhowen, 1897 aquensis, Cadulus (Holzapfel, 1888) arcotinum, Dentalium Forbes, 1846 barremicum, Dentalium Cossmann, 1916 binkhorsti, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 californicum, Dentalium Stanton, 1895 cazadorianum, Dentalium Wilckens, 1907 chilense, Dentalium d’Orbigny in Grange, 1847 719 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. cidaris, Dentalium Geinitz, 1850 coelatulum, Dentalium Baily in Salter, 1857 confusum, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 coonensis, Cadulus Stephenson, 1941 cooperi, Dentalium Gabb, 1864 crassulum, Dentalium Stoliczka, 1868 cretaceum, Dentalium Conrad, 1852 cretaustralium, Laevidentalium Stilwell, 1999 curva, Entalina (Gardner, 1878) decemcostatum, Dentalium Quaas, 1902 decussatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814 dilatatum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887 divisiense, Dentalium Gardner, 1878 duodecimplicatum, Dentalium Repelin, 1907 elongatum, Laevidentalium (Goldfuss, 1841) ezoense, Dentalium cooperi var. Nagao, 1938 fragilis, Dentalium Meek & Hayden, 1856 frontierensis, Cadulus Sidwell, 1932 gardneri, Entalina Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 gardneri, Fustiaria (Holzapfel, 1888) gaultinus, Cadulus Gardner, 1878 geinitzi, Dentalium (Böhm, 1885) geinitzianum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851 glabratum, Antale Stoliczka, 1868 gracilis, Dentalium Hall & Meek, 1855 grandis, Eodentalium Medina & del Valle, 1985 groenlandicum, Dentalium Ravn, 1918 groenlandicus, Cadulus Ravn, 1918 gucuoensis, Dentalium Yao, 1990 hexapleuron, Dentalium Kaunhowen, 1897 infortunatum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 jeffreysi, Dentalium Gardner, 1878 kubraense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974 lamberti, Dentalium Cossmann, 1897 laticostatum, Dentalium Reuss, 1844 leve, Dentalium Stephenson, 1923 limatum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Stanton, 1901 lineatum, Dentalium Gueranger, 1853 major, Dentalium Gardner, 1877 medium, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814 meyeri, Entalis Gardner, 1878 michauxianum, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1851 minorinum, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom. morganianum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Wilckens, 1922 muellerianum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 multicanaliculatum, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861 multicostatum, Dentalium Favre, 1869 navarroi, Dentalium Stephenson, 1941 niceforoi, Dentalium Royo y Gomez, 1945 nodulosus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820 nutans, Cadulus Böhm, 1891 obrutus, Cadulus (Conrad, 1870) octevillense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1899 otatumei, Dentalium Nagao, 1938 ovosectum, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 720 parvula, Fustiaria Stoliczka, 1868 patulum, Dentalium Potiez & Michaud, 1838 paulini, Dentalium Maury, 1925 pauperculum, Dentalium Meek & Hayden, 1860 planicostatum, Dentalium Hébert, 1855 polygonum, Dentalium Reuss, 1844 praetenuis, Cadulus Stephenson, 1952 rhodani, Dentalium Pictet & Roux, 1849 rothomagense, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 ripleyanum, Dentalium Gabb, 1860 rugosum, Dentalium Dunker, 1849 sacheri, Dentalium Alth, 1850 schlosseri, Dentalium Traub, 1938 sougraignense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1904 stramineum, Dentalium Gabb, 1864 subarcuatum, Dentalium Conrad, 1853 subcylindricum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887 sublineatum, Dentalium Stephenson, 1952 subplanum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 tenuicostatum, Dentalium Böhm, 1891 turoniense, Dentalium Woods, 1896 uchauxiense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1897 valangiense, Dentalium Pictet & Campiche, 1864 vaningeni, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom. vaughani, Dentalium Stephenson, 1941 wadei, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1927 wanneri, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom. whiteavesi, Dentalium (Entalis) Anderson & Hanna, 1935 wilckensi, Laevidentalium Medina & del Valle, 1985 wollumbillaensis, Dentalium Etheridge in Jack & Etheridge, 1892 “Mesozoic” (period not specified) ?elephantinus, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820 subquadrangulare, Dentalium Emerson, 1954 CENOZOIC Paleogene [Paleocene to Oligocene, epoch not specified] pagellai, Dentalium Negri, 1934 Paleocene ashiyaensis, Dentalium Nagao, 1928 ewekoroense, Dentalium (Antalis) Adegoke, 1977 golovtschenki, Dentalium Makarenko, 1970 guineense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Adegoke, 1977 infraeocaenicanum, Compressidens (Cossmann, 1907) intumescens, Cadulus (Koenen, 1885) laguncula, Gadila Darragh, 1997 laticornuata, Compressidens Darragh, 1997 lusanensis, Dentalium Makarenko, 1970 mauryae, Dentalium Penna-Neme & da Costa Barros Muniz, 1976 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) montense, Fustiaria (Briart & Cornet, 1889) [as D. inversum Cossmann, 1915 non Deshayes] multistricta, Antalis (Finlay & Marwick, 1937) nigeriense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Adegoke, 1977 rarinodosum, Dentalium haeringense var. Báldi, Hovarth & Makk, 1974 rugiferum, Dentalium Koenen, 1885 seriaeforme, Siphonodentalium Ravn, 1939 subgracile, Dentalium Emerson, 1954 sundkrogensis, Dentalium (Dentalium) Schnetler, 2001 undiferum, Dentalium Koenen, 1885 Eocene absconditum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861 acicula, Fustiaria (Episiphon) Hodgkinson, 1974 acre, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 acuticostata, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825 aequale, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861 aldrichi, Cadulus Gardner, 1933 anceps, Dentalium J. Sowerby in Wetherell, 1837 andrewsi, Dentalium Cuvillier, 1933 angustum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861 annulopunctatum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902 apicostatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Vokes, 1939 arabicum, Dentalium Cuvillier, 1933 archiaci, Dentalium Tournouër in de Boullé, 1873 arciformis, Dentalium Conrad, 1846 armoricense, Siphonodentalium Cossmann, 1902 arnoensis, Polyschides Maxwell, 1992 atavus, Cadulus (Gadila) Finlay & Marwick, 1937 bellulus, Cadulus Clark, 1895 bilabiatus, Dischides (Deshayes, 1861) bironense, Dentalium Douvillé, 1929 bisissura, Cadulus “(?)” Garvie, 1996 bitubatum, Dentalium Meyer, 1886 blandum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890 boggsi, Dentalium Berry, 1926 bouryi, Siphonodentalium (Dischides) Cossmann, 1888 brazosensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974 breve, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861 brevis, Dischides (Deshayes, 1861) brongniarti, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861 calafium, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Vokes, 1939 castellanensis, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 centenniale, Dentalium Marwick, 1942 circinatum, Fustiaria (G. B. Sowerby, 1823) claibornense, Dentalium (Antalis) thalloides var. Palmer, 1937 coislinense, Dentalium (Entalis) Cossmann, 1902 constricta, Antalis (Newton & Harris, 1894) corpulentus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886 curvus, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974 danai, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) (Meyer, 1885) danvillense, Dentalium (Antalis) Palmer, 1947 defrancii, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861 depressus, Cadulus Meyer, 1884 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) dilatatum, Pulsellum Cossmann, 1888 dolichus, Cadulus (Gadilopsis) Woodring, 1973 dumasi, Fustiaria “(?)” Cossmann, 1919 duplex, Lobantale (Defrance, 1819) emersoni, Coccodentalium Squires, 1988 emersoni, Entalina Maxwell, 1992 erleneae, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974 eugenii, Dentalium Dall, 1892 gabbi, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 ganense, Laevidentalium Cossmann in O’Gorman & Cossmann, 1923 gnizum, Dentalium de Gregorio, 1890 gracilicostatum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Singleton, 1943 gracilis, Episiphon Garvie, 1996 grande, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825 grossheimi, Dentalium Merklin, 1961 hannonicum, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889 ignotum, Dentalium Korobkov, 1955 incisissimum, Dentalium Meyer & Aldrich, 1886 inopinatum, Dentalium Mayer-Eymar, 1887 jacksonense, Dentalium (Antalis) mississippiense var. Palmer, 1947 jacksonensis, Cadulus Meyer, 1885 juvenis, Cadulus Meyer, 1886 kahirahense, Dentalium Cossmann, 1901 kapuaensis, Polyschides Maxwell, 1992 korobkovi, Cadulus (Gadila) Merklin, 1961 landinense, Dentalium Vincent, 1876 leoniae, Dentalium Meunier, 1878 leroyi, Fustiaria (Fustiaria) Hodgkinson, 1974 lighti, Dentalium (Laevidentalium “?”) Vokes, 1939 lucidum, Pseudantalis (Deshayes, 1861) magnum, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889 magnus, Gadus Mayer-Eymar, 1887 mancorens, Dentalium Olsson, 1930 mantelli, Dentalium Zittel, 1864 maoria, Fustiaria Maxwell, 1992 margarita, Cadulus (Polyschides) Palmer, 1947 marthae, Dentalium Cossmann & Pissarro, 1902 masoni, Gadilina Maxwell, 1992 mcfarlandae, Cadulus (Cadulus) Emerson, 1957 mediaviense, Dentalium Harris, 1896 meganosensis, Cadulus Palmer, 1923 meyeri, Polyschides (Cossmann, 1888) michelinii, Dentalium Rouault, 1850 microstria, Dentalium Heilprin, 1881 minutiannulatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Hodgkinson, 1974 minutistriatum, Dentalium Gabb, 1860 molengraaffi, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1915 montense, Dentalium Briart & Cornet, 1889 moseleyensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974 multannulatum, Dentalium Aldrich, 1895 nanggulanense, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1915 neglectum, Dischides (Cossmann, 1888) newtonensis, Cadulus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886 nitens, Fustiaria (J. Sowerby, 1814) nitidum, Laevidentalium (Deshayes, 1861) 721 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. orthezense, Dentalium Tournouër, 1873 ouachitensis, Cadulus (Cadulus) Palmer, 1937 palmerae, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974 palmerae, Dentalium (Antalis) Garvie, 1996 parannulatum, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom. parisiensis, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1850 pellucens, Fustiaria (Deshayes, 1861) perinii, Dentalium Malaroda, 1951 phoenicea, Cadulus Gardner, 1933 potiezi, Dentalium (s.s.) Le Renard, 1994 pseudocircinata, Fustiaria Gougerot, 1968 pseudohungaricus, Cadulus (Gadila) Szöts, 1953 pseudorakhiense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Eames, 1952 pukaea, Fissidentalium Maxwell, 1992 quadriturritus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886 rakhiense, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Eames, 1952 rei, Fissidentalium “?” Maxwell, 1992 reticulatum, Dentalium Tournouër in de Boullé, 1873 samanicum, Dentalium Berry, 1926 ?sandbergeri, Dentalium Bosquet, 1859 seminudum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861 soriense, Dentalium Eames, 1952 speciosum, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861 stentor, Dentalium Anderson & Hanna, 1925 stonecityensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974 striatulinum, Antale “?” Cossmann in O’Gorman & Cossmann, 1923 subcoarcuatus, Cadulus (Polyschides) (Gabb, 1860) subcompressa, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) (Meyer, 1885) subeburneum, Fustiaria (d’Orbigny, 1850) subfissura, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) (Tate, 1887) substriatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825 sylvaerupis, Serpulorbis Harris, 1899 tatei, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 tenuicincta, Plagioglypta (Gougerot, 1968) tenuis, Dentalium Hutton, 1873 tenuistriatum, Dentalium Rouault, 1850 thalloides, Dentalium Conrad, 1833 turgidus, Cadulus Meyer, 1886 turritum, Dentalium Lea, 1833 vacavillensis, Dentalium Palmer, 1923 vincense, Dentalium (Antalis) Palmer, 1947 vredenburgi, Dentalium Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909 xiphias, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 yasilum, Dentalium Olsson, 1930 zingulai, Cadulus (Gadila) Hodgkinson, 1974 Oligocene abruptus, Cadulus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886 acuta, Antalis (Hébert, 1849) aequicostatum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892 alazanum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Cooke, 1928 asphaltodes, Dentalium (Dentalium) Beets, 1943 722 boussaci, Dentalium Emerson, 1954 callioglyptum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 cartagenense, Dentalium Pilsbry & Brown, 1917 caseyi, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom. casselensis, Gadila R. Janssen, 1989 chipolanum, Dentalium (Antalis) Gardner, 1947 clarae, Cadulus Maury, 1910 colobus, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 cossmannianum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 cucumis, Cadulus Koenen, 1892 cylindricus, Cadulus R. Janssen, 1989 dejtarense, Dentalium densitextum var. Báldi, 1973 dekagonum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892 densitexta, Dentalium haeringense var. Noszky, 1940 depressicollis, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 diopon, Dentalium (Antalis) Gardner, 1947 duodecimcostatum, Dentalium d’Archiac, 1850 durhami, Cadulus (Platyschides) Emerson, 1957 elegantissimus, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 exiguum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892 fritschi, Dentalium Koenen, 1892 gabbi, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 geinitzi, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Koenen, 1892 geminatum, Antalis (Goldfuss, 1841) heptagonum, Dentalium Boettger, 1882 infraoligocaenicum, Compressidens Welle, 1997 insuranum, Dentalium Emerson, 1954 kickxii, Antalis (Nyst, 1843) ladinum, Dentalium Dall, 1916 laneensis, Dentalium (“?” Fissidentalium) Hickman, 1969 mayeri, Dentalium Gümbel, 1861 menthifonta, Fustiaria (Episiphon) Dockery in MacNeil & Dockery, 1984 microreticulata, Antalis “?” Welle, 1997 minor, Cadulus gracilina var. Báldi, Hovarth & Makk, 1974 mississippiensis, Dentalium Conrad, 1848 nicense, Dentalium Bellardi, 1852 novaki, Dentalium Koenen, 1892 novemcinctum, Dentalium “?” Sacco, 1897 nunomae, Dentalium Takeda, 1953 obliquatus, Cadulus Koenen, 1892 oligocenica, Gadila Vergneau-Saubade, 1968 opaculum, Dentalium Casey, 1903 ottoi, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 ovale, Dentalium Cooke, 1928 parallelus, Rhabdus (Zinndorf, 1928) parianus, Cadulus Guppy in Guppy & Dall, 1896 perfragile, Dentalium (Pulsellum) Koenen, 1892 phenax, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 pictile, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) Tate, 1899 polypleurum, Dentalium Seifert, 1959 praecursor, Dentalium (Compressidens) Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 proterum, Dentalium (Dentalium) armillatum Woodring, 1973 pseudacutum, Fissidentalium novaki R. Janssen, 1989 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) pseudellipticum, Laevidentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom. pseudofissura, Dentalium (Antalis) R. Janssen, 1978 pyrum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 radiolineata, Dentalium Clark, 1918 rhenanus, Dentalium R. Janssen, 1978 rupeliensis, Gadila R. Janssen, 1989 sagittarii, Dentalium Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917 santarosanum, Dentalium Maury, 1910 sobrantensis, Dentalium radiolineata var. Clark, 1918 solidissimum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Brown, 1917 spiniformis, Cadulus (Gadila) Gardner, 1947 strenuum, Dentalium Casey, 1903 sulcatulum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892 tenuicinctum, Dentalium Koenen, 1892 tenuisulcatum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Hölzl, 1962 trautscholdi, Dentalium Koenen, 1868 tryoni, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 varicostata, Dentalium Dockery in MacNeil & Dockery, 1984 vicksburgensis, Cadulus Meyer, 1885 vinassai, Dentalium Cossmann, 1912 volvulus, Cadulus (Gadila?) Gardner, 1947 waisiuense, Dentalium (Dentalium) Beets, 1943 watanabei, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Kanno, 1958 waynensis, Cadulus Mansfield, 1940 weinheimensis, Antalis R. Janssen, 1989 yotsukurensis, Dentalium Hirayama, 1955 zephyrinum, Dentalium Casey, 1903 Neogene [Miocene to Pleistocene, unspecified] bifrons, Dentalium “(?)” Tate, 1887 tigillum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1931 Miocene acriculum, Dentalium (Laevidentalium) (Tate, 1887) addicotti, Cadulus (Platyschides “?”) Emerson, 1957 angsananum, Dentalium (s.s.) Martin, 1921 angusticostatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Baluk, 1972 annectens, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925 annulatus, Polyschides (Pilsbry, 1911) anomalocostata, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata “?” var. Sacco, 1897 anomalum, Dentalium (Entalina) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 aratum, Dentalium Tate, 1887 armillatum, Dentalium Toula, 1911 arrosus, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925 atava, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var. Sacco, 1897 attenuatum, Dentalium Say, 1824 aturensis, Pseudantalis Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 australe, Laevidentalium (Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) badense, Fissidentalium (Hörnes, 1856) bakoniense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974 basteroti, Entalis Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) benoisti, Gadila Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 blountense, Cadulus Mansfield, 1935 bocasensis, Dentalium (Dentalium) Olsson, 1922 boettgeri, Dentalium Noetling, 1901 borealis, Dentalium (Entalis) badense var. Kautsky, 1925 borelliana, Gadilina Pavia, 1991 bothrum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Woodring, 1973 bruneti, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom. burdigalinum, Dentalium Mayer, 1864 burnsii, Cadulus floridanus var. Dall, 1892 caduloide, Dentalium Dall, 1892 carolinense, Dentalium Conrad, 1862 caronensis, Cadulus Mansfield, 1925 catulloi, Dentalium Vinassa de Regny, 1896 conradi, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Harbison, 1933 costatior, Dentalium (Entalis) miopseudoentalis “?” var. Sacco, 1897 costulatior, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var. Sacco, 1897 costulatior, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897 davasense, Dentalium (Entalis) Oppenheim, 1919 decemcostata, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var. Sacco, 1897 degrangei, Dentalium (Antale) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 degrangei, Gadila (Loxoporus) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 densmuris, Dentalium Mayer, 1858 dentalina, Gadilopsis (Guppy, 1873) denticulustigris, Cadulus Maury, 1917 depressum, Laevidentalium Pavia, 1991 dertornensis, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco, 1897 dijki, Dentalium Martin, 1885 dingdenensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Goddeeris, 1977 dissimilis, Tesseracme (Guppy, 1866) divulgatum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Jung, 1969 dodecacostatum, Antalis Brunet, 1995 dollfusi, Dentalium Koenen, 1883 dujardini, Dentalium (Antale) Peyrot, 1938 dumasi, Dentalium Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 elassum, Dentalium (Episiphon) innumerabile Woodring, 1973 elaticosta, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco, 1897 epetrion, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1973 exdispar, Dentalium (Pseudantalis) rubescens var. Sacco, 1897 exlamarcki, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897 feruglioi, Laevidentalium Brunet, 1995 fibula, Gadila Boettger, 1907 flechensis, Antalis Brunet, 1995 floratum, Fissidentalium (Zimmermann, 1847) floridanus, Cadulus Dall, 1892 fodinense, Laevidentalium (s.l.) Maxwell, 1988 glaucoterrarum, Dentalium Maury, 1917 gracilina, Cadulus (Gadila) Sacco, 1897 gracillima, Dentalium (Coccodentalium) radula var. Sacco, 1897 granadanum, Dentalium Anderson, 1929 granosa, Entalis Martin, 1885 723 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. helveticum, Dentalium sexangulum “mut.” Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 helveticum, Siphonodentalium (Dischides “?”) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 hemigymnum, Dentalium (Antale) degrangei var. Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 houthalenensis, Cadulus (Gadila) benoisti var. Goddeeris, 1977 hurupiensis, Cadulus Dell, 1952 iheringi, Dentalium Brunet, 1995 ihungia, Dentalium Marwick, 1931 inaequicostata, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879 infans, Cadulus (Gadila) Tate, 1899 infundibulum, Pulsellum Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 interbinarium, Dentalium sexangulum “mut.” Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 interrupta, Antalis (Gmelin, 1791) intertrinarium, Dentalium sexangulum var. Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 irregularis, Dentalium Hutton, 1873 ixhuatlanensis, Dentalium Alencaster-Ibarra, 1950 jani, Dentalium Hörnes, 1856 jonkeri, Dentalium Martin, 1885 junghuhni, Dentalium Martin, 1880 karreri, Dentalium R. Hörnes, 1875 korytnicense, Dentalium (Antalis) Baluk, 1972 leonense, Dentalium (Dentalium “?”) disparile Mansfield, 1930 ligeriense, Dentalium Peyrot, 1938 macilentum, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911 magnumcostatum, Dentalium Brunet, 1995 mawsoni, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Ludbrook, 1956 minoensis, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Itoigawa, 1960 miocaenicum, Pulsellum Boettger, 1902 miocenicum, Dentalium Michelotti, 1847 miopseudoentalis, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897 misatoensis, Dentalium Araki, 1958 mucronatus, Cadulus Tate, 1887 mutabile, Fissidentalium (Hörnes, 1856) noetlingi, Dentalium Martin, 1915 octogonalis, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var. Sacco, 1897 ornatus, Cadulus (Dischides) Baluk, 1972 ortus, Fissidentalium Palmer, 1974 otamaringaensis, Dentalium Marwick, 1926 pardelensis, Dentalium Brunet, 1995 pareorensis, Antalis (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898) parvulina, Cadulus tumidosus var. Sacco, 1897 parvum, Dentalium Mayer, 1864 passerinianum, Dentalium Cocconi, 1874 patagonicum, Dischides Brunet, 1995 paucicostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco, 1897 paucistriata, Pulsellum (Entalina) tetragona var. Sacco, 1897 perigonicum, Dentalium Doderlein, 1864 perlaevis, Dentalium (Antale) bouei var. Sacco, 1897 perplexa, Gadila Boettger, 1907 724 perrilliatae, Tesseracme Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom. perseveratum, Dentalium Brunet, 1995 petricola, Rhabdus (Dall, 1909) peyreirense, Dentalium (Antale) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 ?philippi, Dentalium Chenu, 1843 pilsbryi, Cadulus (Platyschides) Woodring, 1925 planatum, Dentalium Bronn, 1831 planicostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco, 1897 porterensis, Dentalium Weaver, 1912 prismaticum, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879 ?proliferum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843 prosperus, Striocadulus (Marwick, 1931) prudens, Dentalium Brunet, 1995 pseudobouei, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco, 1897 pseudomutabile, Lentigodentalium R. Janssen, 1989 pseudonyma, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 quadratum, Dentalium Martin, 1885 radula, Coccodentalium (Gmelin, 1791) radularis, Dentalites Schlotheim, 1820 raricostata, Dentalium (Antale) fossile var. Sacco, 1897 raricostata, Dentalium (Coccodentalium) radula var. Sacco, 1897 rimosum, Dentalium Böse, 1906 rotundatior, Dentalium inaequale var. Sacco, 1897 rutteni, Dentalium Martin, 1917 saccoi, Cadulus taurovulum Pavia, 1991 saucatsense, Dentalium Benoist, 1873 schencki, Dentalium (Rhabdus) Moore, 1963 schumoi, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911 sectiforme, Dentalium (Graptacme) Tate, 1899 seguenzianus, Cadulus (Gadila) Moroni & Ruggieri, 1980 semarangense, Dentalium Altena, 1938 seminuda, Dentalium (Antale) raricostatum “race” Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 septemcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) taurocostatum var. Sacco, 1897 simplex, Laevidentalium (Michelotti, 1861) simplicior, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var. Sacco, 1897 simrothi, Cadulus Pilsbry, 1911 sokkohense, Dentalium Martin, 1917 solidum, Fissidentalium (Hutton, 1873) spiniforme, Dentalium Martin, 1885 striatellulata, Dentalium (Fustiaria) jani var. Sacco, 1897 stromeri, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Oppenheim, 1906 subgiganteum, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852 subjuvenis, Dentalium (Entalis) taurostriata var. Sacco, 1897 sublaevis, Dentalium dentalis var. Cocconi, 1874 subpolitum, Siphonodentalium (Dischides) Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 subprismaticum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Baluk, 1972 subserratum, Dentalium Palmer, 1974 subsexangulare, Dentalium d’Orbigny, 1852 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) superbus, Dentalium Brunet, 1995 syltense, Fissidentalium floratum R. Janssen, 1989 taurasperum, Fissidentalium (Sacco, 1897) taurocostata, Antalis (Sacco, 1897) taurogracilis, Dentalium (Antale) bouei var. Sacco, 1897 taurogracilis, Fustiaria (Sacco, 1897) taurominima, Cadulus (Loxoporus) Sacco, 1897 taurostriata, Dentalium (Entalis) Sacco, 1897 taurotumidosus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Sacco, 1897 taurovulus, Cadulus (Cadulus) Sacco, 1897 tenue, Gadila Ozaki, 1956 tenuis, Cadulus (Seguenza, 1879) thallus, Cadulus (Conrad, 1834) transiens, Dentalium michelotti var. Boettger, 1907 transsilvanicum, Siphonodentalium Boettger, 1897 trigonaloides, Gadilina Palmer, 1974 tutongense, Dentalium (Dentalium) javanum Beets, 1984 twistringense, Fissidentalium R. Janssen, 1989 uscarianum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Olsson, 1922 ventricosa, Gadila (Bronn, 1828) vitreum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791 waihoraense, Laevidentalium (Emerson, 1954) weinbrechti, Polyschides R. Janssen, 1989 zecaninus, Gadila (Laws, 1939) Pliocene acuminatus, Gadila (Tate, 1887) acutangularis, Dentalium sexangulare var. Cocconi, 1874 adelaidense, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Ludbrook, 1956 arcticus, Siphonodentalium (Dall, 1920) astensis, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco, 1897 astensis, Dentalium (Fustiaria) polita var. Sacco, 1897 bruscasensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Weisbord, 1964 calabrum, Dentalium O. G. Costa, 1851 caloosaense, Dentalium Dall, 1892 costae, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 ?costaricense, Dentalium Pilsbry, 1911 costatum, Dentalium J. Sowerby, 1814 costulatissima, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897 crebrestriata, Dentalium sexangulum var. Coppi, 1881 crux, Dentalium (Antale) Boettger, 1907 cyathus, Cadulus (Cristofori & Jan, 1832) decemcostulata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. Sacco, 1897 delli, Striocadulus (Marwick, 1965) delphinense, Dentalium Fontannes, 1880 denotatum, Dentalium (Antalis) Ludbrook, 1956 diploconus, Cadulus Seguenza, 1876 dufresnii, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825 duodecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. Sacco, 1897 ?enneagonum, Dentalium Martin, 1885 entaloides, Dentalium Fleming, 1825 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4) equisetum, Dentalium (Dentalium) Olsson, 1964 esmeraldum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Olsson, 1942 exaratum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1927 gadula, Cadulus (Gadila) gadus var. Sacco, 1897 gibba, Cadulus ovulum var. Seguenza, 1879 gonatodes, Dentalium Martin, 1885 guidottii, Dentalium Sacco, 1897 ?incisum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843 intercosticillata, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897 laevigatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1830 latesulcatum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Tate, 1899 laticostata, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco, 1897 leptodoma, Cadulus (Gadila) Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941 linnei, Dentalium Foresti, 1895 longifissum, Dentalium Harmer, 1923 maculatellata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco, 1897 magnocostata, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897 mayor, Siphondentalium (Gadila) gadus var. Foresti, 1895 nana, Antalis (Hutton, 1873) nipponicum, Siphonodentalium Makiyama, 1927 noe, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897 oleacinum, Dentalium agile var. Dall, 1892 ozawai, Siphonodentalium (Pulsellum) Yokoyama, 1926 paucicostulata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco, 1897 peracuta, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897 perstriolata, Dentalium (Antale) vulgare var. Sacco, 1897 playagrandensis, Cadulus (Gadila) Weisbord, 1964 pleiocenum, Dentalium Tuomey & Holmes, 1856 pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalis) badensis var. Sacco, 1897 pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalis) recta var. Sacco, 1897 pliocenica, Dentalium (Entalina) mediocarinata Koperberg, 1931 politus, Dischides (S. Wood, 1842) polyedrum, Dentalium Seguenza, 1879 prisma, Dentalium Dall, 1892 proteiforme, Dentalium Cossmann, 1910 pseudaprina, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. Sacco, 1897 quadrangulatum, Dentalium Hu & Lee, 1991 quatuordecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco, 1897 quindeciesstriatum, Dentalium Eichwald, 1853 quitus, Cadulus (Polyschides) Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941 rotundosimplex, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897 rotundulina, Dentalium michelotti var. Sacco, 1897 salicensis, Cadulus Seguenza, 1879 sangiorgi, Antalis (Emerson, 1954) sexangulum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791 sexdecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale “?”) dentale var. Sacco, 1897 striatissimum, Dentalium Razzore, 1896 725 Steiner G. & Kabat A. R. striolatissima, Dentalium sexangulum var. Sacco, 1897 subirregulare, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 subrecta, Dentalium sexangulare var. Cocconi, 1874 suzukii, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Yokoyama, 1929 tetragona, Entalina (Brocchi, 1814) tornatissimum, Dentalium (Episiphon) Tate, 1899 totomiensis, Dentalium (Antalis) Makiyama, 1931 tredecimcostatum, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. Sacco, 1897 triquetra, Gadilina (Brocchi, 1814) undecimcostata, Dentalium (Antale) novemcostatum var. Sacco, 1897 venezuelana, Fustiaria (Laevidentalium “?”) Weisbord, 1964 viallii, Entalina Caprotti, 1962 waccamawense, Dentalium (Antalis?) Gardner, 1948 wangwaensis, Cadulus Nomura, 1935 yatalensis, Cadulus (Dischides) Ludbrook, 1956 Pleistocene and Quaternary buricum, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Olsson, 1942 caprottii, Cadulus (Sulcogadila) Moroni & Ruggieri, 1981 expolita, Entalina Della Bella & Tabanelli, 1996 nipponicum, Dentalium (Fustiaria) Yokoyama, 1922 olivi, Polyschides (Scacchi, 1835) ovatum, Dentalium Hu, 1992 tumidum, Dentalium W. D. Smith, 1913 vaughani, Cadulus Dall, 1912 “Tertiary” (epoch not specified) antarctotubulus, Cadulus (Gadila) Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992 araucanum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887 bouei, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825 breviforme, Dentalium Mayer-Eymar, 1904 brugnonei, Dentalium Steiner & Kabat, 2004 n. nom. byorituense, Dentalium (Fissidentalium) Nomura, 1935 camaronesia, Dentalium sulcosum var. Ihering, 1907 cristatus, Entalis Mansuy, 1914 deshayesi, Dentalium Risso, 1826 diazicum, Dentalium Maury, 1920 fissura, Pseudantalis (Lamarck, 1818) hanguense, Dentalium Cox, 1931 726 haytense, Laevidentalium (Gabb, 1873) hoernesi, Cadulus (Gadila) Boettger, 1902 incertum, Laevidentalium (Deshayes, 1825) intermedium, Dentalium Hupé, 1854 javense, Dentalium Palmer, 1974 juliana, Dentalium sulcosum var. Ihering, 1907 lebuense, Dentalium Philippi, 1887 lentum, Dentalium Yokoyama, 1923 lobion, Cadulus (Polyschides) Gardner, 1947 matanzasense, Dentalium Ihering, 1907 medius, Cadulus Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 monterosatoi, Dentalium rectum var. Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 navidadense, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 nobile, Dentalium Mayer, 1863 ?novum, Dentalium Chenu, 1843 octocostellatum, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 parvulum, Dentalium Philippi, 1887 peranulatus, Cadulus Guppy, 1912 poncensis, Cadulus Maury, 1920 ponderosum, Dentalium Gabb, 1873 pseudoantalis, Dentalium Lamarck, 1818 pulchrum, Dentalium Wilckens, 1911 ?semialternans, Dentalium Chenu, 1843 semiaratum, Dentalium Chapman & Crespin, 1928 semiclausum, Dentalium Nyst, 1835 sulcosum, Dentalium J. de C. Sowerby, 1846 sunieri, Dentalium (Antalis) Koperberg, 1931 teschi, Dentalium subrectum Koperberg, 1931 “FOSSIL” [WITHOUT FURTHER SPECIFICATION] annulatum, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791 ?annulatus, Dentalites Krueger, 1823 bifissuratum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1850 brevifissum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825 denticulatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1850 fossile, Dentalium Gmelin, 1791 fusiforme, Dentalium Link, 1807 leptoceras, Dentalium Ryckholt, 1862 operculatus, Dentalites Krueger, 1823 rectum, Fissidentalium (Gmelin, 1791) rex, Dentalium Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898 transversatum, Dentalium Link, 1807 vulpeculum, Dentalium Nardo, 1847 vulpinum, Dentalium Nardo, 1847 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)