Mycologia, 96(3), 2004, pp. 667–674. q 2004 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Acanthostigma and Tubeufia species, including T. claspisphaeria sp. nov., from submerged wood in Hong Kong Rampai Kodsueb Saisamorn Lumyong1 including hyphomycetes (Hyde et al 2002, McKenzie et al 2002), coelomycetes (Hyde 1993) and ascomycetes (Wong and Hyde 1999, Cai et al 2002). During our survey of fungi occurring on naturally submerged wood, we collected an Acanthostigma and two Tubeufia species, one being a species new to science, from a small forest stream in Hong Kong. The three species are described, illustrated and compared with known taxa. A key to the 16 accepted species of Tubeufia is provided. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Pipob Lumyong Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Eric H.C. McKenzie Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Aukland, New Zealand Wai Hong Ho Kevin D. Hyde MATERIALS AND METHODS Submerged wood was retrieved from a stream near the Trappist Monastery, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, in Apr 2002 and returned to the laboratory, where it was incubated in zip-lock plastic bags at room temperature. Humidity was maintained by adding moistened paper towels. Samples were examined within 3 d and periodically over 1 mo for the presence of sporulating structures. Cultures of fungi were obtained where possible from single spores (Choi et al 1999). To stimulate sporulation, 1 cm2 blocks of colonized agar were placed in water in a bubble chamber overnight. Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Abstract: Acanthostigma scopulum, Tubeufia claspisphaeria sp. nov. and T. paludosa were identified from submerged wood collected in a small forest stream on Lantau Island, Hong Kong. The collections of Acanthostigma scopulum and Tubeufia paludosa differed slightly from the original descriptions. Tubeufia claspisphaeria differs from previously described species in that it has hook-shaped setae that form radially around the ostiole. This new species is described and illustrated and compared with the most similar species. A dichotomous key to the 16 accepted species in Tubeufia is provided. Key words: new species, saprobic fungi, systematics TAXONOMY Acanthostigma De Not. and Tubeufia Penz. & Sacc. Acanthostigma currently includes six species and recently has been reviewed by Réblová and Barr (2000). The genus is characterized by vinaceous, reddishbrown or dark brown ascomata that are covered with dark brownish-black, often opaque, obtuse or acute setae. The ascospores are hyaline, multiseptate and cylindrical-fusiform to elongate fusiform. The anamorphs are in Helicosporium and Helicomyces. In species of Tubeufia the ascomata are hyaline, whitish or yellowish to pinkish, but may become dark at maturity. They are smooth, or are covered with protruding cells, thick-walled hyphal appendages, or short dark setae (Réblová and Barr 2000). Acanthostigma scopulum (Cooke & Peck) Peck, Bull. New York State Mus. 1:22 (1887) (FIGS. 1–6) INTRODUCTION There are 22 genera in the Tubeufiaceae (Barr 1980, Rossman 1987, Kirk et al 2001). Some genera, such as Melioliphila and Uredinophila, are hyperparasites on sooty molds and on rust fungi, while Podonectria is parasitic fungi on scale insects. Acanthostigma and Tubeufia are saprobes, usually found on old, rotten wood. Previous examinations of freshwater fungi occurring on submerged wood in streams in the tropics and subtropics have yielded numerous novel fungi, Ascomata 145–250 mm diam, superficial, globose, solitary or gregarious, dark brown to black, membranous, ostiolate, with setae; setae (56–)80–90(–99) mm long, 4–6 mm wide at base, 1.5–2 mm wide at apex, dark brown, 1–2-septate, thick-walled, straight. Asci (64–)90–120(–130) 3 8–10 mm Accepted for publication October 20, 2003. 1 Corresponding author. E-mail: scboi009@chiangmai.ac.th 667 668 MYCOLOGIA FIGS. 1–6. Acanthostigma scopulum (from HKU[M] 17121). 1. Ascomata on natural substratum. 2. Dark brown, septate setae with acute apex. 3–4. A cluster of mature and immature asci. 5. Ascus. 6. Ascospore. Pseudoparaphyses in FIG. 3–4 (arrowed). Bars: 1 5 200 mm; 2–5 5 30 mm; 6 5 25 mm. FIGS. 2–3 mounted in water, other figures mounted in lactophenol. (x̄ 5 103 3 9.2 mm, n 5 20), 8–spored, cylindric-clavate, bitunicate, short stalked, pseudoparaphyses. Ascospores (66–)70–85(–90) 3 3–3.5(–4) mm (x̄ 5 78 3 3.4 mm, n 5 30), fasciculate, long-fusiform to cylindrical-fusiform, hyaline, straight or slightly curved, (5–)9–12-septate, smoothwalled, guttulate, lacking appendages and sheaths. Anamorph. Helicosporium aureum (Corda) Linder, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16:279, 1929, from Réblová and Barr (2000). Colonies on potato-dextrose agar olive-colored, reaching 1 cm diam in 10 d at room temperature (;28 C), no pigment diffusing into agar, not sporulating even after submergence overnight in a bubble chamber. Substratum. Wood submerged in streams, decaying wood (Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sp. and Tsuga sp.) Known distribution. Australia, Europe, Hong Kong and U.S.A. Specimen examined. HONG KONG. Lantau Island, Trappist Monastery, small stream in forest, on wood partially submerged, 21 Apr 2002, K.D. Hyde (HKU[M] 17121; living culture HKUCC 9117). Notes. A key to species of Acanthostigma was provided by Réblová and Barr (2000). This collection differs from the description for A. scopulum provided by Réblová and Barr (2000) in that it has septate setae and wider ascospores 3–3.5(–4) mm versus (2–)2.5–3(–3.5) mm but in other aspects it is similar. Tubeufia claspisphaeria Kodsueb, sp. nov. (FIGS. 7–16) Ascomata 185–330(–350) mm diametro, superficialia, globosa, solitaria vel aggregata, hyalina vel pallide brunnea ubi immatura, atrobunnea vel atris ubi maturus, membranea, ostiolata, setosa; setae usque 47 mm longa, 10 mm lata, (0–)1(–2)-septata, atrobrunnea, hamatus. Peries ascomati usque 60 mm lata crassus, vinacea-brunnea, e cellulis pseudoparenchymatis compositum, 4–5 stratosus, textura globulosa. Asci (93–)105–120(–127) 3 (12–)14–16(–18) mm, octospori, cylindrico-clavati, bitunicati, pedicellati. Ascosporae (34–)45–60(–64) 3 5–7(–8) mm, fasciculatae, elongatae-fusiformis, (3–)5–6(–8)-septatae, hyalinae, curvatae, guttulatae. Etymology. In reference to the clasp-like setae on the ascomata. Ascomata 185–330(–350) mm diam, superficial, globose, solitary or grouped, hyaline to pale brown when immature, dark brown becoming black when mature, membranous, ostiolate, with setae that form around ostiole. Setae from surface of ascomata, up to 47 mm long and 10 mm wide, (0–)1(–2)-septate, dark brown, thick-walled, hook-shaped. Peridium up to 60 mm wide, vinaceous brown, comprising 4–5 lay- KODSUEB ET AL: ACANTHOSTIGMA AND TUBEUFIA FROM HONG KONG 669 FIGS. 7–16. Tubeufia claspisphaeria (from holotype). 7. Ascomata on natural substratum. 8. Longitudinal section through an ascoma. 9. Setae. 10. A cluster of mature and immature asci. 11. Asci. 12–16. Ascospores. Pseudoparaphyses in FIG. 10 (arrowed). Bars: 7 5 250 mm; 8 5 50 mm; 9 5 25 mm; 10–11 5 30 mm; 12 5 15 mm; 13–16 5 10 mm. FIGS. 8–10 and 12 mounted in water, other figures mounted in lactophenol. FIGS. 17–23. Tubeufia paludosa (from HKU[M] 17122). 17. Ascomata on natural substratum (arrowed). 18. Anamorph (Helicosporium sp.). 19. A cluster of mature and immature asci. 20–21. Asci. 22–23. Ascospores. Pseudoparaphyses in FIG. 19 (arrowed), Mucilaginous pads in FIG. 22–23 (arrowed). Bars: 17 5 200 mm; 18–21 5 30 mm; 22–23 5 25 mm. FIGS. 18, 20– 21 and 23 mounted in lactophenol, other figures mounted in water. 670 TABLE I. MYCOLOGIA Tubeufia species and their present synonyms (accepted name in bold) Taxa Synonym T. acaciae Tilak & S. B. Kale None T. aciculospora Katum. & Y. Harada None T. albo-ostiolata Rossman T. alpina L. Holm & Nograsek Thaxteriella alboostiolata Acanthostigmina longisporum T. amazonensis Samuels, Rossman & E. Müll. T. anceps Penz. & Sacc. T. asclepiadis Bat. & Garnier T. aurantiella (Penz. & Sacc.) Rossman Thaxteriella amazonensis T. brevispina (M. E. Barr & Rogerson) J. L. Crane, Shearer & M. E. Barr) T. cerea (Berk. M. A. Curtis) Höhn. T. clintonii (Peck) M. E. Barr coccicola (Ellis & Everh.) coronata Penz. & Sacc. corynespora Munk cylindrothecia (Seaver) Höhn. dactylariae Chang eriodermae Etayo genuflexa Höhn. hebridensis Dennis helicoma (W. Phillips & Plowr.) Piroz. T. helicomyces Höhn. T. indica (Dharne & E. Müll.) Deoray & Ujjainkar T. javanica Penz. & Sacc. T. minuta Munk T. miscanthi W. H. Hsieh, C. Y. Chen & Sivan. T. nigrotuberculata T. Hino & Katum. T. ovatum Rossman T. pachythrix (Rehm) Rossman T. palmarum (Torrend) Samuels, Rossman & E. Müll. T. paludosa (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Rossman T. pannariae Etayo T. parvula Dennis T. pezizula (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) M. E. Barr T. roraimensis (Samuels & E. Müll.) T. T. T. T. T. T. T. T. T. Tubeufia paludosa Saccardomyces socius Henn. Section Nectrioidea (5 Calonectria aurantiella) (5Acanthostigmella brevispina) Section Necrioidea Notes Although not examined this taxon may not be a Tubeufia with its violet to red ascomata and multiseptate ascospores This species is unusual as it has ascospores with pointed ends Katumoto and Harada (1979) Transferred in Crane et al (1998) This was considered to be synonymous with A. longisporum by Réblová and Barr (2000) Transferred in Crane et al (1998) Synonymized by Rossman (1977) Rossman (1979) Mentioned in Crane et al (1998), transferred from Calonectria (Rossman 1979) Crane et al (1998) Podonectria coccicola Petch Tubeufia paludosa Thaxteriella corynespora Tubeufia paludosa None None Acanthostigmella genuflexa Taphrophila hebridensis Thaxteriella helicoma Mentioned in Crane et al (1998), for description see Sivanesan (1984) This was considered to be synonymous with A. perpusillum by Réblová and Barr (2000) Rossman (1987) Synonymized by Rossman (1977) Transferred in Crane et al (1998) Synonymized by Rossman (1977) Chang (2003) Etayo (2002)—possibly Chaetosphaerulina Barr (1977) Réblová and Barr (2000) Transferred in Crane et al (1998) Tubeufia paludosa Thaxteriella indica Synonymized by Rossman (1977) Mentioned in Crane et al (1998) Tubeufia paludosa Herpotrichiella Taphrophila miscanthi Synonymized by Rossman (1977) Barr (1980) Réblová and Barr (2000) Herpotrichia nigrotuberculata Pirozynski (1972) Thaxteriela ovata None Section Nectrioidea Transferred in Crane et al (1998) For discussion see Rossman (1979) Samuels et al (1979); mentioned in Crane et al (1998) Samuels et al (1979); mentioned in Crane et al (1998) Etayo (2002)—possibly Chaetosphaerulina Drawn in Ellis and Ellis (1985) Type species of Thaxteriela (Sivanesan 1984, Barr 1980) Samuels and Müller (1978); also mentioned in Crane et al (1998) Acanthostigma perpusillum Section Tubeufia None None Thaxteriella pezizula Thaxteriella roraimensis KODSUEB TABLE I. ET AL: ACANTHOSTIGMA AND TUBEUFIA FROM HONG KONG 671 Continued Taxa T. rugosa C. Booth T. scopula (Cooke & Peck), M. E. Barr T. setosa Sivan. & W. H. Hsieh T. stromaticola (Henn.) Rossman T. trichella (Sacc., E. Bommer & M. Rousseau) Scheuer T. trichospora (Berk. & Broome) Petch T. vermicularispora (T. Hino & Katum.) Sivan. T. yasudae (T. Hino) Sivan. Synonym Notes Tubeufia helicoma Acanthostigma scopulum Barr (1980) Barr (1980), Réblová and Barr (2000) Acanthostigma minutum Transferred from Calonectria Taphrophila trichela Réblová and Barr (2000) Rossman (1979) Réblová and Barr (2000) Ophionectria trichospora Rossman (1977) Chaetosphaerulina vermicularispora This has black carbonaceous ascomata and is probably not a Tubeufia. It was described as a Chaetosphaerulina (Hino and Katumoto 1954) Mentioned in Crane et al (1998) Chaetosphaerulina yasudae ers of thick-walled textura globulosa, outer cells brown-walled, inner cells with hyaline walls. Pseudoparaphyses 1.5–2.5 mm wide, hypha-like, numerous, cellular, unbranched. Asci (93–)105–120(–127) 3 (12–)14–16(–18) mm (x̄ 5 109 3 15.1 mm, n 5 15), 8-spored, cylindric-clavate, bitunicate, with a small ocular chamber, persistently pedicellate. Ascospores (34–)45–60(–64) 3 5–7(–8) mm (x̄ 5 49 3 5.9 mm, n 5 35), fasciculate, elongate-fusiform, (3–)5–6(–8)septate, hyaline, sometimes slightly curved, smoothwalled, guttulate, lacking appendages or sheaths. Anamorph. Unknown. Colonies on potato-dextrose agar dark green to black, 1 cm diam in 1 wk at room temperature (;28 C). Mycelium mostly immersed, aerial mycelium velvety to fluffy, no pigment diffusing into agar, not sporulating even after submergence overnight in a bubble chamber. Mycelium less dense at the outer edge than in center, with branching mycelial strands extending from edge of colony. Substratum. Wood submerged in streams. Known distribution. Hong Kong. Holotype. HONG KONG. Lantau Island, Trappist Monastery, small stream in forest, on wood partially submerged, 21 Apr 2002, K.D. Hyde (HKU[M] 17123). Living cultures ex holotype HKUCC 9116, HKUCC 9119. Tubeufia paludosa (P. Crouan & H. Crouan) Rossman, Mycologia 69:383 (1977) (FIGS. 17–23) Ascomata 185–350 mm diam, superficial, globose, brown to dark-brown, solitary, sparse, surface roughened, membranous. Asci (162–)170–180 3 (14–)15– 18(–19) mm (x̄ 5 170 3 16.1 mm; n 5 17), numerous, 8-spored, cylindric-oblong, bitunicate, hyaline, with a subapical ring, rounded at apex, persistently pedicellate, pseudoparaphyses. Ascospores (77–)120– 135(–155) 3 4–5(–6) mm (x̄ 5 127 3 4.3 mm, n 5 30), fasciculate, narrowly elongate, cylindric or filiform, hyaline, (18–)20 –25-septate, straight or slightly curved, smooth-walled, guttulate, with small mucilaginous pads at each end. Anamorph. Helicosporium sp. Colonies on potato-dextrose agar 3.5 cm diam in 3 wk. Mycelium mostly immersed, no pigment diffusing into agar, hyphae less dense in outer zone, sporulating, forming a brownish-gray turf of upright setiform conidiophores, becoming ochraceous or brownish with age; conidiogenous cells produced laterally as thin-walled pegs. Conidia coiled two or three times, multiseptate, coils 37–86.4 mm diam, cells 4.6– 5.4 mm wide. Substratum. Wood submerged in streams, decaying woody fruit, palm fruit peduncle and bamboo. Known distribution. Bermuda, Brazil, Columbia, Europe, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Panama, Trinidad, U.S.A. and Venezuela. Specimen examined. HONG KONG. Lantau Island, Trappist Monastery, small stream in forest, on wood partially submerged, 21 Apr 2002, K.D. Hyde (HKU[M]17122; living culture HKUCC 9118). The genus Tubeufia has included at least 40 epithets as listed in IndexFungorum (http://www. indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp). Many of these taxa have been transferred to other genera (Barr 1980, Crane et al 1998) as summarized in TABLE I. Our two species are typical of Tubeufia because the ascomata are initially pale and have either 672 MYCOLOGIA FIG. 24. Diagrammatic representation of ascospores of Tubeufia species drawn to the same scale for comparison. A. T. acaciae (from Tilak and Kale 1970). B. T. aciculospora (from Katumoto and Harada 1979). C. T. aurantiella (from Rossman 1987). D. T. brevispina (from Barr and Rogerson 1983). E. T. cerea (from Barr 1980). F. T. claspisphaeria (this paper). G. T. cylindrothecia (from Barr 1980). H. T. dactylariae (from Chang 2003). I. T. eriodermae (from Etayo 2002). J. T. helicomyces (from Ellis and Ellis 1985). K. T. palmarum (from Samuels et al 1979). L. T. paludosa (from Sivanesan 1984). M. T. pannariae (from Etayo 2002). N. T. parvula (from Ellis and Ellis 1985). Bar 5 20 mm. KODSUEB ET AL: ACANTHOSTIGMA a glabrous surface or only short setae (FIG. 24). In ascospore size and morphology Tubeufia claspisphaeria is most similar to T. acaciae, T. pachythrix and T. stromaticola. It differs from these species in that it has a row of hook-like setae that form radially around the ostiole. The ascospores of T. claspisphaeria, T. pachythrix and T. stromaticola are elongate-fusiform, while those of T. acaciae are cylindrical or vermiform. Ascospores of T. claspisphaeria are wider than those of the other three species. Our collection of Tubeufia paludosa is similar to the description given by Barr (1980) but differs in that it has AND TUBEUFIA FROM HONG KONG 673 globose ascomata and mucilaginous pads at both ends of the ascospore. Tubeufia species have rarely been reported from freshwater habitats (Shearer 1993) and are more commonly found on rotting vegetation (Barr 1980). Tubeufia paludosa previously has been reported from submerged grasses (Shearer 1993), T. cylindrothecia and T. palmarum from submerged wood (Ho et al 2001, Sivichai et al 2002). The anamorphs, however, commonly are reported from submerged freshwater litter (Ho et al 2002, Sivichai et al 2002). DICHOTOMOUS KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TUBEUFIA 1. Lichenicolous fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. Not lichenicolous fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Ascomata white, ascospores 105–145 3 4–5 mm, acicular, 17–19-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. eriodermae 2. Ascomata orange-yellow to grayish-yellow, ascospores 40–50 3 (3.5–4.5 mm, fusiform, 5–8-septate . . . . T. pannariae 3. Ascospores with ,10 septa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Ascospores with .10 septa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4. Ascospores shorter than 21 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Ascospores longer than 21 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Ascomata reddish-brown, ascospores 14–15 3 3.5–4 mm, oblong-elliptical, 3-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. parvula 5. Ascomata hyaline to pale yellow, ascospores (13–)14–18(–21) 3 (3.5–)4–5(–7) mm, fusoid, 3-septate . . . . T. brevispina 6. Ascospores up to 7 septa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6. Ascospores .7 septa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7. Ascospore 48–56 3 6–7 mm, cylindrical or worm-like, often curved, pointed of both ends, 5–7-septate . . . . . T. acaciae 7. Ascospores narrower than 6 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8. Ascospores less than 3.5 mm wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8. Ascospores more than 3.5 mm wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 9. Ascospores 65–75 3 2.5–3.5 mm, acicular, 4–7-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. aciculospora 9. Ascospores 66–150 3 2–3 mm, filiform, 5–7-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. helicomyces 10. Ascospores 40–57 3 4–5 mm, long-fusiform, multiseptate (4-celled according to Rehm 1907) . . . . . . . T. pachythrix 10. Ascospores 50–70 3 4–5 mm, long-fusoid, 5–7-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. stromaticola 11. Ascomata with a row of hook-like setae, form radially around the ostiole, ascospores (34–)45–60(–64) 3 5–7(–8) mm, elongate-fusiform, (3–)5–6(–7)-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. claspisphaeria 11. Ascomata not as above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 12. Ascospores 32–36 3 6–7 mm, fusiform, 7–8-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. dactylariae 12. Ascospores narrower than 6 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 13. Ascospores 30–40(–50) 3 3–4 mm, fusiform with subacute to round ends, 5–7(–9)-septate . . . . . . . . . . . T. palmarum 13. Ascospores 45–66 3 3.5–5 mm, narrowly fusiform to cylindric, 7–9-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. aurantiella 14. Ascospores shorter than 70 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 14. Ascospores (70–)100–200(–230) 3 (2–)3.5–7(–8) mm, fusiform with acute ends, up to 35 septa . . . . . . T. paludosa 15. Ascospores 40–55(–65) 3 (2.5–)3–5 mm, elongate clavate or fusoid, (5–)7–9(–13)-septate . . . . . . . . . . T. cylindrothecia 15. Ascospores (27–)30–52 3 2.5–3.5(–4.5) mm, elongate fusoid, often curved, (5–)7–10(–13)-septate . . . . . . . . . . T. cerea ACKNOWLEDGMENTS LITERATURE CITED The senior author would like to thank Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, for facilitating the work at the Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity. Thanks to Chiang Mai University Graduate School for partial support to the first author’s doctoral study. Thanks also are extended to B. Bussaban, H.Y.M. Leung, M.H.W. Ng, I. Promputtha and S. Thongkantha for various help. Barr ME. 1977. Acanthostigmella (Herpotrichiellaceae). Mycotaxon 6:17–23. . 1980. On the family Tubeufiaceae (Pleosporales). Mycotaxon 12:137–167. . 1987. Prodomus to class Loculoascomycetes. 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