Calanoid Copepods of the Families Diaptomidae, Pseudodiaptomidae, and Centropagidae from Brazil.

Edinaldo N E L S O N Dos Santos Silva

Argyrodiaptomus paggii n. sp. is described from specimens collected in the Igarapé Boa Esperança, in the vicinity of the Samuel Reservoir, State of Rondônia, Brazil. The new species differs from its congeners by the following autapomorphies: (1) Schmeil's organ large at apex, constricted at medial portion; (2) row of setules on the outer margin of basis first leg; (3) a peculiar disposition and structure of the spinules on the inner border of the basis of male's left and right fifth leg; and (4) female's second urosomite partially fused and telescoped into the genital somite. We provide a discussion about some aspects of the morphology and geographical distribution of all members of the genus.

In this study we present 208 new diaptomids records, including 36 species from 10 genera. They are the result of new samplings as well as of the revision of samples from previous surveys from various localities in the Neotropical Region. In an attempt to clear elucidate about the species ranges we gathered all biogeographically important data and present them here, with comments about the relevance of each record to the understanding of the distribution of the group.

Description of a new species of Diaptomidae (Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida) Notodiaptomus oliveirai is given from the material obtained at a reservoir at Barra Bonita, SP in 1992. The new species is very similar to Notodiaptomus henseni Dahl 1894 although both species can be found in the same locality, constituting two distinct populations. Notodiaptomus oliveirai seems to be endowed with great adaptability to changes in environmental conditions, extending its distribution to all the hydrographic basins in the state of São Paulo.

VOLUME 8, NÚMERO 1, MAIO 2008 ISSN 1519-1982 BIOLOGIA GERAL E EXPERIMENTAL Calanoid of the families Diaptomidae, Pseudodiaptomidae, and Centropagidae from Brasil Edinaldo Nelson dos Santos-Silva UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE SÃO CRISTÓVÃO BIOLOGIA GERAL E EXPERIMENTAL UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE REITOR: Josué Modesto dos Passos Subrinho VICE-REITOR: Angelo Roberto Antoniolli COMISSÃO EDITORIAL (UFS) COMISSÃO EDITORIAL ASSOCIADA COMISSÃO DE REDAÇÃO Celso Morato de Carvalho (Editor) Adriano Vicente – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,UFPE Celso Morato de Carvalho Jeane Carvalho Vilar (Co-editor) Edson Fontes de Oliveira – Universidade Estadual de Maringá/Nupelia Stephen Francis Ferrari Everton Amancio – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq Carlos Dias da Silva Júnior Clóvis Roberto Pereira Franco Adauto de Souza Ribeiro Jeane Carvalho Vilar Everton Amancio Francisco Filho de Oliveira – Universidade Federal da Paraíba, UFPB Angelo Roberto Antoniolli Biologia Geral e Experimental é indexada nas Bases de Dados: Latindex, Biosis Previews, Biological Abstracts e Zoological Record. Edição eletrônica: ISSN 1980-9689. www.biologiageralexperimental.bio.br Endereço: Biologia Geral e Experimental, Rua Alagoas 539 - Siqueira Campos, Aracaju-Se, 49075-030. E-mail: jcvilar@bol.com.br ou cmorato@bol.com.br Aceita-se permuta. Biologia Geral e Experimental Universidade Federal de Sergipe Biol. Geral Exper., São Cristóvão, SE 8(1):3-67 30.v.2008 ISSN 1519-1982 Calanoid of the families Diaptomidae, Pseudodiaptomidae, and Centropagidae from Brasil Edinaldo Nelson dos Santos-Silva Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biologia Aquática, Manaus, Am, 69083-000, nelson@inpa.gov.br. 4 8 (1), 2008 INTRODUCTION Westwood, 1836. The first calanoid described from South America was Diaptomus brasiliensis Lubbock, “As the distribution maps of the Diaptomidae 1855 from Port-Désir, Patagonia, collected by Darwin. show, South America still has some large blank areas. Later De Guerne & Richard (1889) created the genus The distribution for its entire tropical and subtropical Boeckella (Centropagidae) to accommodate D. regions is still scantily known” (Brandorff, 1976). brasiliensis and another species, Boeckia triarticulata Thirty-two years later we can see that this picture Thomson, 1883, from New Zealand. Wright (1927) remains the same. In the particular case of Brasil we and Brandorff (1976) called the former species can add to the Amazon the inland water bodies of the Pseudoboeckella, but Bayly (1992a) fused these two southern and central-western regions as large blank genera. Nicolet (in Gay, 1848-49) described Cyclops areas. The distribution, with exceptions, are longicornis from Chile, but De Guerne & Richard concentrated around particular points where the few (1889) said “Bien qu’elle ait été signalé sous le nom research centres are established. Consequently the de Cyclops, le texte et les figures, malgré leur distribution presented here represent more the insuffisance, tendent à la faire rapporter au genre concentration of researchers than the animals’ natural Diaptomus. Il serait cependant difficile de se prononcer distribution patterns. With the Pseudodiaptomidae we catégoriquement.” Based on these observations they have a better picture, in spite of the paucity of large- put this species under section “espèces insuffisamment scale studies along the Brasilian coast where the décrites,” as Diaptomus longicornis. Wright (1927) representatives of this family mainly occur. Following observed that although the form was inadequately the revision of the New World species of described, it was believed to belong to the genus Pseudodiaptomus by Walter (1989), we can perhaps Boeckella, following Giesbrecht & Schmeil (1898). add new records of known or introduced species, but Diaptomus gibber (Poppe in De Guerne & Richard, the distributional ranges already identified will probably 1889), from Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brasil, is not change much. The southern family Centropagidae undoubtedly the first representative of the Diaptomidae was reported as reaching at most just north of Buenos described from South America. Poppe (1891) Aires, Argentina, until Gloeden (1994, 1997) recently described another species, Diaptomus deitersi, from recorded the occurrence of two species in Rio Grande Cuiabá in western Brasil. Dahl (1894) described, do Sul, Brasil, the first records of this family in the although insufficiently, the first diaptomid from the country. mouth of the Amazon River, D. henseni. Richard If one wants to begin gathering information (1897a, b) and Mrázek (1901) added Diaptomus bergi about South American copepods, particularly in Brasil, and Diaptomus michaelseni respectively. Sars (1901) the compilations by Björnberg (1964) and authors in in the same year, described three new species (D. Young (1998) are essential starting points. Herein, I furcatus, D. coronatus and D. conifer) reared in an present the distribution and historical background of aquarium from dried mud from the state of São Paulo, genera in the families Diaptomidae (12 genera), Brasil. Daday (1905) described D. falcifer and D. anisitsi Pseudodiaptomidae (1 genus), and Centropagidae (1 from Paraguay. Tollinger (1911) was the next after the genus) occurring in Brasil. paper of De Guerne & Richard (1889) to show the distribution of calanoid copepods in South America. FAMILY DIAPTOMIDAE She showed the distribution of 10 species of Nearly all species of freshwater calanoids, Diaptomus, 15 species of Centropagidae and 3 species mainly Diaptomidae, discovered in South America were of Pseudodiaptomidae. Subsequently, two additional described under the name Diaptomus (sensu lato) species were described by Douwe (1911), D. gracilipes 5 Biol. Geral Exper. and D. aculeatus. Wright (1927) drew attention to the groups. Among those closely related he listed the most fact that probably D. aculeatus was identical with D. distinct and homogeneous group: D. insolitus, D. furcatus (Sars, 1901) and treated them as synonymous. calamensis, and D. flexipes, which later became the Thiébaud (1912) described D. colombiensis from genus Rhacodiaptomus. On that occasion Wright Colombia. This species was found by Juday in stated “it seems inadvisable, at this time, to make a Guatemala and subsequently by Marsh in Panama. formal division of the South American species into Juday submitted the species for publication as D. groups.” marshi. Marsh used Juday’s descriptions in his paper, Brehm (1933a) proposed the genus conceding him the authorship. However Marsh’s paper Argyrodiaptomus to accommodate D. bergi Richard, was published in 1913, before Juday’s paper, published 1897, D. furcatus Douwe, 1911, D. aculeatus Douwe, in 1914, because of delay during publication. This 1911, D. spiniger Brian, 1926, D. denticulatus Pesta, caused some confusion about the authorship of the 1927, and one new species, D. granulosus, described species, and later in establishing which name had by himself on that occasion. priority. Almost everyone thought that Thiébaud’s Kiefer (1932) published a proposal for a system publication came out in 1914, with the whole volume of the Diaptomidae from the Old World. Following of the journal, and not separately in 1912 as Kiefer this idea, in 1936 (Kiefer, 1936a), after examination (1936b) noted. I confirmed this asking for the front of material from South America, created 6 new genera cover of that publication and the year printed there is to include 18 Diaptomus species of the 41 then undoubtedly 1912. Therefore D. colombiensis described. Nowadays 7 species remain as “Diaptomus” Thiébaud, 1912 is the valid name. Previously, Wilson sensu lato. Kiefer (1936a) added D. azevedoi (Wright, (1953) had drawn attention to “the fact that Kiefer 1935) to the previously known species included in the (1936b, p. 309) has shown that the species named D. genus Argyrodiaptomus by Brehm (1933a), and marshi by Juday (1914) should be known as D. excluded D. spiniger. The genera created by Kiefer colombiensis Thiébaud. Kiefer has stated that (1936a) Thiébaud’s paper was actually published as a separate Rhacodiaptomus (3 species), Dactylodiaptomus (1 in 1912 instead 1924.” Thus, 14 species of species), Diaptomidae had been described up to that time. Wright Odontodiaptomus (1 species), and Idiodiaptomus (1 (1927) considered two of them identical with species). were Notodiaptomus Calodiaptomus (11 (1 species), species), previously described species, giving a total of 12 valid Brandorff (1973b) erected the genus Aspinus species. Wright (1927) revised the known species of with one new species (Aspinus acicularis). The species South American Diaptomus, based mainly on D. coronatus Sars, 1901 was transferred by Brandorff collections made by Miss Harriet Merrill in the years et al. (1982) to a new genus, Trichodiaptomus. This 1907 and 1908 and on previously published works. In genus was considered a synonym of Leptodiaptomus that paper 9 new species were described. From that Light, 1939, who because of an error had included the work until 1937, Wright described other new species name Trichodiaptomus instead of Eutrichodiaptomus of Diaptomus, and eventually (Wright,1938b) at some point in his work (Light, 1939: 474, 476). summarised knowledge of this group in South America. Defaye & Dussart (1993) noted that Brandorff et al. Commenting about the relationships of South American (1982) could not use the name Trichodiaptomus Diaptomidae, Wright (1927) wrote that little could be because it was already considered a synonym of said. However, he pointed out that some species were Leptodiaptomus, closely related, but others were so distinct that they Dasydiaptomus to replace it. would have to be the sole representatives of their and proposed the name Brandorff (1976) published a fundamental work 6 8 (1), 2008 on the geographic distribution of the Diaptomidae in D. azevedoi, D. bergi, D. argentinus, D. furcatus, D. South America. At that time the Diaptomidae included aculeatus, and one new species, D. neglectus. This is 60 species belonging to 10 genera; of these, 38 species one of the most important papers concerning occurred in Brasil. Argyrodiaptomus. Dussart (1985a), in another In 1987 and 1997, two new genera were created important contribution to knowledge of the genus, by Reid (1987, 1997), the Scolodiaptomus a n d redescribed the 8 species known at that time. Dussart Austrinodiaptomus, respectively The former received (1985b) described Argyrodiaptomus robertsonae from Diaptomus corderoi Sars, 1901, and the latter a new the Amazon region. This species had been previously species A. kleerekoperi described by Reid (1997) and confused with A. denticulatus (Dussart, 1985a). Reid Diaptomus inexspectatus Brehm, 1958. Gaviria (1989) (1997) described one new species, A. nhumirim, and established Colombia, raised A. furcatus var. macrochaetus Brehm, 1937 to Colombodiaptomus, to accommodate one species (C. species rank. This genus now has 14 species, 9 brandorffi) and one subspecies (C. brandorffi pilosa). occurring in Brasil. a new genus for Subsequent to Kiefer’s work (1936a) several new species were described and assigned to the known genera, but no one has attempted to redefine or clarify Argyrodiaptomus aculeatus (Douwe, 1911) the taxonomical situation of this family. (Fig. 1) Dussart (1985a) proposed four new subgenera (Notodiaptomus, Wrightius, Caleodiaptomus, and Diaptomus aculeatus Douwe, 1911: 162, figs. 3-4; Amazonius) within the genus Notodiaptomus, but he 1912: 312, figs. 6-12; Pesta, 1927: 70, 72, 80, did not define clearly these subgenera and his proposal figs. 3a-b; Brehm, 1933a: 283, 286; 1937a: 124; was difficult to accept (Reid, 1987). Santos-Silva et 1959: 505, 506, 507, 508, 518, 521, fig. 14; 1965: al. (1999) redefined the genus Notodiaptomus and 3, 9; Wright, 1937a: 66, 74; 1938a: 297, 302; designated a neotype, to prevent further problems with its identity. 1938b: 562; 1939: 647. Diaptomus furcatus; Wright, 1927: 97. Nowadays the family Diaptomidae contains Argyrodiaptomus aculeatus n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: around 100 species belonging to 18 genera in the 195, 196; Brehm, 1958a: 165, 167; 1958b: 9; Neotropical Region; 55 species occur in Brasil. Their Ringuelet, 1958a: 44, 47; 1962: 87; Shen & Tai, distribution and synonyms, and also the literature 1964: 246; Brandorff, 1972: 40; 1976: 614, fig. concerning this family in Brasil are presented herein. 1; Paggi & José de Paggi, 1974: tab. 1; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 131; MatsumuraTundisi, 1986: 547; Battistoni, 1995: 958; Santos- Genus Argyrodiaptomus Brehm, 1933 Silva, 1998: 201. This genus was proposed by Brehm and retained Distribution: BRASIL. São Paulo: Itapura, at the by Kiefer (1936a). Wright (1938a) objected to Kiefer’s western extremity of the state (Douwe, 1911; 1912). proposal because of its incompleteness and the ARGENTINA. Middle Paraná River between the cities inexactness of information concerning diaptomid of Santa Fé and Paraná (Paggi & José de Paggi, 1974). species in South America. Wright (1938a) provided a Buenos Aires: Delta of Río Paraná, near Tigre, in June diagnosis of what he called the “Diaptomus bergi” (Pesta, 1927); Hoya del Plata (Ringuelet, 1962). group and revised all the species which he included in this group: Diaptomus granulosus, D. denticulatus, Habitat: Pools, slowly flowing large rivers. Biol. Geral Exper. Argyrodiaptomus azevedoi (Wright, 1935) (Fig. 1) 7 Diaptomus bergi; Brian, 1926: 187. Diaptomus denticulatus Pesta, 1927: 75, 80, figs. 3c-d; Brian, 1927: 128, figs. 1-5; Wright, 1935: 228; 1937a: Diaptomus azevedoi Wright, 1935: 214, 219, 226, 228, 229, pl. 3, figs. 1-13, pl. 4; 1937a: 66, 73, 74; 1938a: 297, 299, pl. 1, fig. 1; 1938b: 562; Brehm, 1960: 50; Reid, 1991: 738, 740. 74; 1938a: 297, 298, pl. 1, figs. 4-7; 1938b: 562; 1939: 646; Brehm, 1965: 3, 6, 7, 8, 10. Argyrodiaptomus denticulatus n. comb., Brehm, 1933a: 283, 286; 1958a: 164; 1958b: 5, figs. 84- Argyrodiaptomus azevedoi n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 92; 1959: 521; 1960: 52; Kiefer, 1936a: 195, 196; 195, fig. 2; Brehm, 1958a: 164; 1958b: 6; Shen & Ringuelet, 1958a: 43, 46, 49; 1962: 87; Shen & Tai, 1964: 246; Brandorff, 1972: 5, 6, 7, 8, 14, Tai, 1964: 246; Brandorff, 1972: 41; 1976: 614, 27, 41, figs. 33-39; 1973a: 346; 1976: 614, fig. 1; 620, fig 1; José de Paggi, 1978: 150, tab. 1; Löffler, Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97; Löffler, 1981: 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 131; Dussart, 15; Sendacz & Kubo, 1982: 55; Dussart & Defaye, 1985a: 204-206, fig. 3 (= A. robertsonae); 1985b: 1983: 132; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; 276, 278, pl. 1, figs. 1-8; Matsumura-Tundisi, Arcifa, 1984: 143, tab. 7; Dussart, 1985a: 206, 1986: 547; José de Paggi & Paggi, 1988: 101, fig. 4; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 532, 547, figs. tab. 2; Paggi & José de Paggi, 1990: 690, 692, 1-4; Reid & Moreno, 1990: 728, 729; Reid, 1991: tab. 2; Reid & Moreno, 1990: 728; Santos-Silva, 738, 740; Santos-Silva, 1991: 33; 1998: 201; 1991: 33; Gloeden, 1993: 91-92; Frutos, 1993: Sendacz, 1993: 35; Rocha et al., 1995: 155, 156; 90, 91, 93, 112, tab. 3; Battistoni, 1995: 958; Reid, 1997: 581, 586; Sendacz, 1997: 624, 625; Santos-Silva, 1998: 201; Bohrer & Araújo, 1999: Espíndola et al., 2000; 179, 180, 185, 189, 190, 93, 94, 96, figs. 5-7. 192, tab. 2, fig. 6. Distribution. BRASIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Lagoa dos Distribution: BRASIL. Amazonas: Lago da Piranha Patos (Gloeden, 1993; Bohrer & Araújo, 1999). (Brandorff, 1972); affluent of the Rio Nhamundá BOLIVIA. Beni (Brandorff, 1976). ARGENTINA. (Brandorff et al., 1982). Pará: Lago Jurucui, Rio Middle Paraná River (Paggi & José de Paggi, 1990); Tapajós, Alter-do-Chão, near Santarém (Brandorff, main course of the Paraná River between Santa Fe 1972); Tucuruí Reservoir (Espíndola et al., 2000). and Buenos Aires (José de Paggi, 1978). Buenos Aires: Ceará: near Fortaleza and Sobral (Wright, 1938a,b). Abra Nueva, delta of Río Paraná, Tigre (Pesta, 1927); Paraíba: small açude (artificial pond) on Olho d’Água Hoya del Plata (Ringuelet, 1962). Capital Federal: farm, located near Açude Pilões, on the road to São Artificial lake, Palermo (Brian, 1926); Lago del Vivero, João do Rio do Peixe (Wright, 1935). Sergipe : near Golf Station, Palermo (Wright, 1938a, 1939). Betume, near Neápolis (Reid, 1997). São Paulo: Ilha Catamarca: Bañado (Brehm, 1958b); Recreo (Brehm, Solteira Reservoir (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986); Jupiá 1965). Chaco: Río Barranqueras (Brehm, 1965). Córdoba: Reservoir, Rio Paraná (Sendacz, 1997). La Puerta (Ringuelet, 1958a); San Marcos and Los Gigantes (Brehm, 1958b); La Puerta, Ballesteros; Habitat: Turbid pools, small man-made lake, floodplain Casitas Viejas; Totolejos; Orcosuma; Lucio Mansilla; lakes. Oliva; Villa Dolores; Totaralejos; Marulb; Lucio. V. Mansilla (Brehm, 1965). Corrientes: (Dussart, 1985a); Laguna 1, Isla del Cerrito, Río Paraná and Laguna 2, Argyrodiaptomus denticulatus (Pesta, 1927) Isla Nueva Cerrito, Río Paraná (Frutos, 1993). La Rioja: (Fig. 1) Gob Gordillo and Ghanar (Brehm, 1965). Salta: Km 56 8 8 (1), 2008 (Ringuelet, 1958a); Mojoa and Mogotes (Brehm, 1965). 1986: 532, 537, 547, 552, figs. 5-8; Dussart, 1985a: San Luis: San Francisco and Las Palomas (Brehm, 202, 203, fig. 1; Dussart & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1965). Santa Fé: Guadalupe (Ringuelet, 1958a); Santa 1986: 249, 254; Reid et al., 1988: 533, 536, fig. 2; Fé River (José de Paggi & Paggi, 1988). Tucuman: Taff Cicchino et al., 1989: 101; Reid & Moreno, 1990: Vieje and Río Hondo, on the way to Tucuman (Brehm, 728, 729; Lansac-Tôha et al., 1992: 43, 45, 47, 51, 1965). fig. 3; Tomm et al., 1992: 57, 58, 64, 65, 69; Durigan et al., 1992: 211, 217-220, 222, figs. 4-7; Bachion & Habitat: Artificial lake, shallow lake, and turbid pool. Sipaúba-Tavares, 1992: 371, 374, 376, 381-384; Rolla et al., 1992: 149, 156, tab. 5; Frutos, 1993: tab. 3; Reid & Pinto-Coelho, 1994: 96, 97, 98, 99; Tundisi Argyrodiaptomus furcatus (Sars, 1901) & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1994: 25; 1995a: 252; 1995b: (Fig. 1) 231, 232; Battistoni, 1995: 958; Rocha et al., 1995: 155, 156, 157, 159; Lansac-Tôha et al. 1995: 67, 69, Diaptomus furcatus Sars, 1901: 11-13, pl. II, figs. 1- 71, 75; Campos et al., 1996: fig. 4; Lima et al., 1996: 15; Daday, 1905: 148, 149, 151, 152; Tollinger, 114, 115, fig. 3; Nogueira & Panarelli, 1997: 65, tab. 1911: 66, 272, 273, fig. B; Wright, 1927: 73, 75, 4; Rocha & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1997: 286, 289, 97, 100, 102, pl. IX, figs. 1-4; 1935: 228; 1937a: 291-294, tabs. 6-10; Matsumura-Tundisi, Okano 66, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, pl. 2, figs. 6-12; 1938a: & Tundisi, 1997: 300-302, 304, fig. 4; Matsumura- 297, 301, pl. 2, fig. 2; 1938b: 562; 1939: 647; Tundisi, Tundisi et al., 1997: 384, 387, tab. 4; Pesta, 1927: 70, 72, 75, 80, fig. 4e; Brehm, 1939: Tundisi et al., 1997: 434, tab. 11; Saijo & Tundisi, 40, fig. 1; 1959: 505, 506, 507, 508, 518, 521, fig. 13; 1997: 489; Reid, 1997: 586, 592; Sendacz, 1997: 1965: 3, 5, 7, 8; Kleerekoper, 1944; Rocha & 624, 625; Lansac-Tôha et al., 1997: 140, 141, 146, Matsumura-Tundisi, 1976: 2, pl. 1, figs. 1-5, pl. 2, 147, tab. 3; Santos-Silva, 1998: 202; Caleffi, 1998: figs. 1-4, pl. 3, figs. 1-7; Gouvêa, 1980: 1047. 1900; Henry & Nogueira, 1999: 667, 668, tab. 4; Argyrodiaptomus furcatus n. comb., Brehm, 1933a: Garrido, 1999: 30, 32; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1999: 286; Kiefer, 1936a: 195, 196; Brehm, 1937a: 122, 44, 46; Melão, 1999: 155, 177, 179, 180, tab. 5; 124; 1958a: 165; 1958b: 8, 9, 10, figs. 93-97; Espíndola et al., 2000: 192. Ringuelet, 1958a: 44, 47, 50; 1962: 87; Shen & Argyrodiaptomus furcatus furcatus Rocha & Tai, 1964: 246; Brandorff, 1972: 41; 1973a: 346; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1997: 289, 291-293, tabs. 6- 1976: 614, fig. 1; Paggi & José de Paggi, 1974: 7; Matsumura-Tundisi et al., 1997: 300-304, 306, tab. 1; Löffler, 1981: 15; Sendacz & Kubo, 1982: 54, fig. 4. 55, 66, 71, figs. 4-8, tab. 3; 1999: 517, 526; Dussart & Defaye, 1983; 131; Matsumura-Tundisi & Rocha, 1983: 1, pl. 1, fig. 1a-c; Matsumura-Tundisi & Okano, 1983: 35, 37, 38; Arcifa, 1984: 142, 143, Argyrodiaptmus furcatus; Durigan et al., 1992: 222. [error] Argyrodiaptomus furcatu; Durigan et al., 1992: 220, fig. 7. [error] tab. 7; Sipaúba-Tavares & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1984: 15-23; Barbosa & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1984: Distribution. BRASIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Upper 175-177, 179, 180, tabs. 4, 5; Rocha & Matsumura- Paraná River floodplain area, near Nova Andradina Tundisi, 1984: 307, 309, 310, figs. 2-5, tab. 1; (Lansac-Tôha et al., 1992); Lake Pousada das Garças, Sendacz et al., 1984: 1629; 1985: 190, 193, 195, 196, floodplain of Upper Paraná River (Lansac-Tôha et al., 201, 203, 205, 207, tabs. 6, 8, 10, 12; Matsumura- 1995); Guaraná Lake and Baía River, Paraná River Basin Tundisi, 1985: 130-132, 137-139, figs. 3, 10, 11; (Lima et al., 1996); lakes Pousada das Garças, Fechada, 9 Biol. Geral Exper. Patos, and Guaraná and Rivers Curutuba, Baía, Cerrito, Río Paraná (Frutos, 1993); Laguna 2, Isla Nueva Ivinheima, Paraná, and Cortado (Lansac-Tôha et al., Cerrito, Río Paraná (Frutos, 1993); Puerto Valle, 1997). Minas Gerais: Lake Dom Helvécio, Rio Doce Yacyretá Reservoir (27°28’S, 56°44’W), Upper Paraná valley, 19°10’S, 42°01’W (Okano, 1980; Matsumura- River (Garrido, 1999). URUGUAY (Brehm, 1939). Tundisi & Okano, 1983; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1985; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1997; Matsumura-Tundisi et al., Habitat: Slowly flowing large rivers, lakes, and 1997, pp. 373-390; 1997, pp. 297-307; Rocha & reservoirs. Matsumura-Tundisi, 1997); lake Palmeiras, Rio Doce valley (Tundisi et al., 1997); Rio Doce valley (Saijo & Tundisi, 1997); Rio Grande, 19°45'-20°15’S, 47°15’W Argyrodiaptomus furcatus exilis Dussart, 1985 (Rolla et al., 1992). Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis (Wright, (Fig. 1) 1937a). São Paulo: mud from São Paulo (Sars, 1901); Itapura (Wright, 1927); lakes near Sorocaba and Campinas; shallow pool near Amparo (Wright, 1937a); floodplain ponds of Rio Tietê (Kleerekoper, 1944); Broa Argyrodiaptomus exilis Dussart, 1985a: 202-204 (Fig. 2). Argyrodiaptomus furcatus exilis Dussart & Reservoir, São Carlos (Rocha & Matsumura-Tundisi, Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 249, 253-254, fig. 3; 1976; Sipaúba-Tavares & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1984; Reid et al., 1988: 528, 533-534, 536; Matsumura- Barbosa & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1984; Rocha & Tundisi & Tundisi, 1986: 37-39, tabs. 1, 2; 1995: Matsumura-Tundisi, 1984); Itupararanga Reservoir, 252; Rocha & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1997: 289, Rio Tietê basin (Sendacz & Kubo, 1982); Itupararanga 291-292, tabs. 6-7; Matsumura-Tundisi et al., Reservoir, Rio Tietê basin (Sendacz et al., 1985); Rio 1997: 300-304, 306, fig. 4; Santos-Silva, 1998: 202. Grande Reservoir (Sendacz et al., 1984; Reid & Pinto- Argyrodiaptomus furcatus f. exilis Matsumura- Coelho, 1994); Jupiá Reservoir, Paraná River (Sendacz, Tundisi, 1986: 537, 546, 551, 552, figs. 78-80, 100; 1997); Guarapiranga Reservoir (Caleffi, 1998); fish Reid & Pinto-Coelho, 1994: 93, 95, 96-99; Reid, culture ponds, Jaboticabal, Centro de Aquicultura da 1997: 586, 592. UNESP (Durigan et al., 1992); shrimp culture ponds, Jaboticabal, Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (Bachion Argyrodiaptomus furcatus cf. exilis; Rolla et al., 1990: 241, tab. 6. & Sipaúba-Tavares, 1992); Jurumirim Reservoir (23°08'- Argyrodiaptomus furcatus (Sars) [partim]; Okano, 1980: 23°35’S, 48°30'-49°13’W), Paranapanema River basin 4, 52, 55, 81-98, 143-150, 152-155, fig. 10, tab. 3, (Nogueira & Panarelli, 1997; Henry & Nogueira, 1999); schema 1; Tundisi & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1981: Billings Reservoir (Sendacz & Kubo, 1999). Paraná: 206; Matsumura-Tundisi & Okano, 1983: 35, 37, Itaipu Reservoir (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986; Tomm et al., 1992); Upper Paraná River floodplain area, near Porto Rico (Lansac-Tôha et al., 1992); lagoons Clara, 38; Rocha et al., 1990: 93-94, tabs. 2, 6. Argyrodiaptomus furcatus furcatus; MatsumuraTundisi & Tundisi, 1995: 252. Figueira, and Canal do Meio, Porto Rico Island, 22°45’S and 53°16’W (Campos et al., 1996). ARGENTINA. Distribution. BRASIL. Minas Gerais : Lake Dom Middle Paraná River between the cities of Santa Fé Helvécio (Okano, 1980; Matsumura-Tundisi & Okano, and Paraná (Paggi & José de Paggi, 1974). Buenos 1983; Dussart, 1985a; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986; Aires: Abra Nueva at delta of Río Paraná, near Tigre Matsumura-Tundisi & Tundisi, 1981; 1995). Minas (Pesta, 1927); sample 93 of Chacabuco (Brehm, 1958b); Gerais/São Paulo: Volta Grande Reservoir (19°57’52"- Laguna Hoya del Plata (Ringuelet, 1962). Chaco: Saenz 20°10’00"S, 48°25'-47°35’W) (Rolla et al., 1990). Peña (Brehm, 1965). Corrientes: Laguna 1, Isla del 10 8 (1), 2008 Habitat: Natural lakes and reservoirs. Argyrodiaptomus nhumirim Reid, 1997 (Fig. 1) Comments: re-examination of the type material is necessary to resolve the uncertainty concerning the rank of this taxon. Argyrodiaptomus sp.; Reid & Moreno, 1990: 725-728, tab. 2. Argyrodiaptomus nhumirim Reid, 1997: 581-587, figs. 1-16. Argyrodiaptomus macrochaetus Brehm, 1937 (Fig. 1) Distribution. BRASIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Baía da Carandazal (Baía 29) and Baía 57, Fazenda Nhumirim, Argyrodiaptomus furcatus var. macrochaetus Brehm, 18°59’S, 56°39’W (Reid, 1997). 1937a: 122-125, figs. 3, 4; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 131. Habitat: Lakes. Argyrodiaptomus furcatus macrochaetus; Dussart, 1984a: 63. Argyrodiaptomus macrochaetus, new rank, Reid, Argyrodiaptomus robertsonae Dussart, 1985 1997: 587, figs. 17-31. Distribution. BRASIL. Rio Grande do Sul: temporary pools near Porto Alegre (Reid, 1997). URUGUAY. Mouth of La Plata River (Brehm, 1937a). (Fig. 1) Argyrodiaptomus denticulatus; Dussart, 1985a: 204206, fig. 3. Argyrodiaptomus robertsonae Dussart, 1985b: 277, 278, pl. 2, figs. 1-10; Magalhães et al., 1988: 270; Habitat: Apparently this is a species of temporary pool. Santos-Silva et al., 1989: 726, 727, figs. 1-25; Reid & Moreno, 1990: 728: Santos-Silva, 1991: 33, figs. 9, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20; 1998: 202; Argyrodiaptomus neglectus (Wright, 1938) (Fig. 1) Diaptomus neglectus Wright, 1938a: 297, 302, pl. 2, figs. 3, 7-8; Reid, 1991: 740. Sendacz, 1993: 35; Rocha et al., 1995: 154, 156; Reid, 1997: 584, 586. Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas : Lago Calado, 03°15’S, 60°34’W (Santos-Silva, 1991). Pará: between Argyrodiaptomus neglectus n. comb., Brehm, 1958a: Tapajós and Xingu rivers (Dussart, 1985a); Curuá-Una 165; 1959: 521; Brandorff, 1972: 42; 1976: 614, fig. Reservoir, 02°48’S, 54°18’W (Dussart, 1985b; Santos- 1; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 132; Silva et al., 1989). Reid et al., 1988: 533, 536, fig. 2; Reid, 1991: 740; 1997: 586; Santos-Silva, 1998: 202. Habitat: Man-made lakes, floodplain lakes. Distribution. BRASIL. Minas Gerais: Pool at Jaguara, near Belo Horizonte (Wright, 1938a). Habitat: Pool. Genus Aspinus Brandorff, 1973 This genus was established by Brandorff to accommodate a species distinct from all known Diaptomus sensu lato. Up to now this species was 11 Biol. Geral Exper. recorded only in the Brasilian Amazon region. Because Habitat: Floodplain lakes, clear and black waters. Brandorff did not clearly designate the holotype, Hardy et al. (1984) chose the male as the lectotype. Although Brandorff referred to this species in an Genus Austrinodiaptomus Reid, 1997 unpublished thesis (1972), the formal description of this species was only provided in 1973. This genus was created by Reid (1997) to include populations from Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brasil, formerly included in D. inexspectatus. She described Aspinus acicularis Brandorff, 1973 these Brasilian populations as A. kleerekoperi. The (Fig. 2) remaining populations of D. inexspectatus, from Argentina, were transferred to this new genus, and Aspinus acicularis Brandorff, 1972: 4, 7, 34, figs. 5966; 1973b: 206, 210, pl. 5, figs. 1-7, pl. 6, figs. 1- named A. inexspectatus (see Reid, 1997, for further explanation). 5; 1976: 618, fig. 3; Hardy, 1980: 594, 596, 604, 605; Löffler, 1981: 15; Brandorff et al., 1982: 76, 103, 109, 112; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 141; Austrinodiaptomus kleerekoperi Reid, 1997 1995: 178, fig. L71; Hardy et al., 1984: 529; (Fig. 2) Robertson & Hardy, 1984: 347, tab. 3; Arcifa, 1984: 143, tab. 7; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 537, Diaptomus s.l. inexspectatus Brehm, 1958a: 149-152, 547, 551, 552, figs. 13-15; Magalhães et al., 1988: fig. 3; Brandorff, 1972: 50 (partim); 1973a: 342 270; Bozelli, 1992: 254, 257, tab. 6; Rocha et al., (partim). 1995: 154, 157; Santos-Silva, 1998: 203. Diaptomus s.l. inexpectatus; Brandorff, 1976: 618 (partim); Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 64 (partim); Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Rio Negro, right Dussart, 1984a: 64 (partim); Battistoni, 1995: 958 side of Tamaquaré Island (Brandorff, 1972, 1973b); (partim); Santos-Silva, 1998: 204. Lago Cristalino, Rio Negro, near Manaus (Hardy, 1980; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986); Rio Preto da Eva (Brandorff et al., 1982); Rio Nhamundá between the villages of Nhamundá and Faro; affluent of Rio Rhacodiaptomus inexspectatus n. comb., Brehm, 1965: 3, 11-14, fig. 1 (partim). Austrinodiaptomus kleerekoperi Reid, 1997: 594-599, figs. 32-59. Nhamundá; Rio Daquiri, affluent of the Rio Nhamundá (Brandorff et al., 1982). Pará: Lago Grande Curuay, Distribution. BRASIL. Rio Grande do Sul: temporary floodplain (várzea) lake west of Tapajós River, in front pool near Porto Alegre (Reid, 1997). of Nova Itália Farm (Brandorff, 1972; 1973b); upper course of the Rio Xuedá with a lake-like extension; Habitat: Temporary pools. upper course of the Rio Xuedá, between flooded trees (Igapó; ria-lake of Rio Xuedá; Rio Maracanã at the mouth of Rio Xingú; Rio Maracanã opposite the village Genus Calodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 of Maracanã (Brandorff et al., 1982); Rio Trombetas; Lago Batata, Rio Trombetas, 01°30’S, 56°20’W; Lago In 1927, Wright described Diaptomus Mussurá, Rio Trombetas, 01°15’S, 56°20W (Bozelli, perelegans and Diaptomus merrillae and commented, 1992). “The relationship of D. merrillae and D. perelegans is undoubted.” Brehm (1935a) also commented on the 12 8 (1), 2008 relationships among a group of species, and provided Calodiaptomus merrillae n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 199; a key to identify each. In this group Brehm joined D. Brehm, 1958a: 166; Brandorff, 1972: 42; 1976: marshi Juday (in Marsh, 1913), D. diabolicus Brehm, 614, fig. 1; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97; Löffler, 1935, D. echinatus Lowndes, 1934, D. carinifera 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 133; 1995: 166, Lowndes, 1934, D. anisitsi Daday, 1905, D. fig. L61; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Reid, perelegans Wright, 1927, D. merrillae Wright, 1927 1991: 736, 737; Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991: 466, and D. granulosus Brehm, 1933, but never proposed 468, 469; Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Santos-Silva, any taxonomic category for them. Kiefer (1936a), when 1998: 203. establishing the genus Calodiaptomus, did not give a diagnosis or any additional reason, other than that Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Lago Novo Andirá, presented by Wright (1927) or Brehm (1935a). He Rio Acre (Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991). Acre : listed only D. merrillae as belonging to the new genus. (Brandorff, 1976); Lago Amapá, Rio Acre (present Later, Brehm (1958c) commented on the systematic report). Rondônia: South pond, Calama, Rio features of D. perelegans and D. anisitsi after Machado/Ji-Paraná (Wright, 1927). (Calama, formerly examining some populations of D. anisitsi from in Amazonas, is now in the state of Rondônia.) Argentina. He did not identify the populations from BOLIVIA. Beni (Brandorff, 1976). Calchaqui and Yema as D. perelegans or D. anisitsi, because they presented characteristics of both Habitat: Turbid pools, flooded lands, lakes. species, and also very different ones. Because of that he called them, temporarily, “bidigitatus”. In 1965, Brehm returned to the problem, and mentioned that he Calodiaptomus perelegans (Wright, 1927) called the populations from those localities (Fig. 2) “bidigitatus-group” because of their variability and relationship with “Notodiaptomus perelegans.” Diaptomus perelegans Wright, 1927: 75, 78, 100, 102, Unfortunately he never provided a formal description pl. 1, fig. 10, pl. 2, figs. 1-3; 1938b: 562; Brehm, of this group or raised it to species rank. This attitude 1935a: 12, 13; 1958a: 151, 166; 1960: 52; Brandorff, caused problems, as will be discussed in the section 1972: 52; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97; Reid, on the genus Notodiaptomus. Brandorff (1976) was the first to include the species described as D. perelegans in the genus Calodiaptomus , but without 1991: 736, 737, 738. Notodiaptomus perelegans n. comb., Brehm, 1958c: 576, 577, 578, 579. providing a justification. Up to the present, species of Calodiaptomus perelegans n. comb., Brandorff, 1976: the genus Calodiaptomus have been found only in 614, fig. 1; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, the Amazon Region. The need for revision and 1983: 133; Dussart & Robertson, 1984: 391; redefinition of this genus seems clear. Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Reid, 1991: 736, 737, 738; Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991: 466, 468, 469; Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Santos-Silva, 1998: Calodiaptomus merrillae (Wright, 1927) 203. (Fig. 2) Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Lago Lua Nova, Rio Diaptomus merrillae Wright, 1927: 74, 75, 80, 102, pl. Acre (Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991). Acre: (Brandorff, 2, figs. 4-8; 1938b: 562; Brehm, 1935a: 12, 13; 1976); Lago Amapá, Rio Acre (present report). Reid, 1991: 736, 737. Rondônia: South pond, Calama, Rio Machado/Ji- Biol. Geral Exper. Paraná, and pool in town of Calama (Wright, 1927). BOLIVIA. Beni (Brandorff, 1976). 13 pl. 3, figs. 1-5; 1938b: 562; Reid, 1991: 736, 737, 738, 740. Dactylodiaptomus pearsi n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 198; Habitat: Turbid pools, flooded lands, lakes. Brehm, 1958a: 165; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 140; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3. [error] Dactylodiaptomus pearsei; Brandorff, 1972: 3, 11, 36, Genus Dactylodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 42, figs. 1-4; 1973a: 345; 1976: 614, fig. 1; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97, 103; Löffler, 1981: 15; This genus has only one species, D. pearsei, Brandorff et al., 1982: 76, 103, figs. 100-103; described by Wright (1927), which is very different Dussart, 1984a: 34, 35, 39, 51, 56, 64, fig. 12; Arcifa, from other members of Diaptomus s e n s u l a t o . 1984: 143, tab. 7; Santos-Silva et al., 1989: 726, Brandorff et al. (1982), studying calanoid species from 727, figs. 26-46; Reid, 1991: 736, 737, 738, 740; the Nhamundá region, commented: “Apparently Bozelli, 1992: 248, 254, 257, tab. 6; Cicchino, 1994: Wright (1927) had added to the male a misidentified 145, fig. 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1995: 169, fig. L65; female,” and furnished a description of a female that Santos-Silva, 1998: 203. he thought was the correct one. Dussart (1984a), studying species from the Orinoco basin, found only Dactylodiaptomus persei Rocha et al., 1995: 156, tab. II. [error] the males corresponding to those described by Wright (1927) as D. pearsei. The females found together with Distribution. BRASIL. Roraima: Rio Branco those males were considered as belonging to (Brandorff, 1976. Amazonas: Santo Antônio do Içá, Dactylodiaptomus pearsei, but differed from the River Solimões (Amazonas) (Brandorff, 1972; Santos- female described by Wright (1927). Dussart also Silva et al., 1989); Rio Tarumã Mirim, near Manaus provided a description of those females. Reid (1991) (Brandorff, 1976); Lago do Castanho; Lago Camaleão; commenting on this problem, stated that Brandorff et Paraná do Rei (Santos-Silva et al., 1989); flooded al. (1982) and Dussart (1984a) presented descriptions meadow of the Rio Nhamundá (Brandorff et al., 1982); of similar but not identical females ascribed to D. Lago Amanã (Santos-Silva & Robertson, 1993). Pará: pearsei. Santos-Silva et al. (1989), studying the Curuá-Una Reservoir, 02°48’38"S, 54°18’55"W copepods of Curuá-Una Reservoir, State of Pará, Brasil, (Santos-Silva et al., 1989); lake of Terra Santa; flooded found among the calanoids occurring there the same meadow near the village of Terra Santa (Brandorff et male described by Wright (1927); however, the females al., 1982); Rio Trombetas; Lago Batata, Rio Trombetas, were different, similar to those described and figured 01°30’S, 56°20’W; Lago Mussurá, Rio Trombetas, by Brandorff et al. (1982) and Dussart (1984a). This 01°15’S, 56°20W (Bozelli, 1992). Rondônia: South pond, species has a wide distribution in the Amazon basin Calama, Rio Machado/Ji-Paraná (Wright (1927); São and probably also in the Orinoco. These studies Pedro stream, Rio Jamarí basin (Santos-Silva et al., confirmed that Wright (1927) added a misidentified 1989). VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Río Orinoco, right side, female to the male of D. pearsei. at Ciudad Bolivar (Dussart, 1984a). Monagas: Río Orinoco at Barrancas. Dactylodiaptomus pearsei (Wright, 1927) Habitat: Ponds, lakes. (Fig. 3) Diaptomus pearsei Wright, 1927: 74, 75, 81, 100, 102, Genus Dasydiaptomus Defaye & Dussart, 1993 14 8 (1), 2008 Dasydiaptomus coronatus, originally described “Diaptomus” coronatus; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: by Sars (1901) as Diaptomus coronatus from the state 97, 103; Brandorff, 1976: 618, 622, fig. 3; 1978b: of São Paulo, Brasil is the sole species belonging to 1201; Löffler, 1981: 15; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: the genus Dasydiaptomus. Wright (1927) added morphological details to Sars’ description from populations in Santarém, state of Pará, and the state tab. 3. Diaptomus melini Thomasson, 1953: 193, 194, pl. 3, figs. 1a-c; 1955: 214; Brandorff, 1972: 20, 21, 51. of São Paulo, Brasil. Thomasson (1953) described “Diaptomus” melini; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 102. Diaptomus melini, a similar species from Manaus, state Notodiaptomus coronatus n. comb., Brehm, 1960: 49; of Amazonas, Brasil. Subsequently Brehm (1960) cited Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 134; Dussart, 1984a: 34, this species as Notodiaptomus coronatus without 39. providing any reason. Dussart & Defaye (1983) and Rhacodiaptomus Melini n. comb., Brehm, 1965: 15. Dussart (1984a) followed Brehm. Later, Brandorff et Rhacodiaptomus Mileni; Brehm, 1965: 15. al. (1982) synonymized Thomasson’s species with Trichodiaptomus coronatus n. comb., Brandorff et al., Diaptomus coronatus (Sars, 1901) and proposed a new 1982: 76, 104, 106, figs. 104-110; Arcifa, 1984: genus, Trichodiaptomus, to accommodate it. Until 143, tab. 7; Dussart, 1985a: 201; Matsumura- Reid’s (1990) redescription of this species, it had been Tundisi, 1986: 547, figs. 89-94; Reid, 1990: 140, recorded in recent decades only from several sites in figs. 1-22, tab. 1; Santos-Silva & Robertson, 1993: the Amazon and once from the Orinoco Delta. Reid 101; Rocha et al., 1995: 157; Sendacz & Kubo, (1990) presented new records from the Distrito Federal 1999: 526. and the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais, and the first Dasydiaptomus coronatus n. comb., Defaye & record from the Rio São Francisco basin. She also Dussart, 1993: 127; Cicchino, 1994: 145, fig. 13; discussed its ecological requirements. Later Defaye & Dussart & Defaye, 1995: 173, fig. L68; Lopes et Dussart (1993) proposed Dasydiaptomus as a new al., 1997: 45, tab. 1c; Santos-Silva, 1998: 204. name for this genus, because Trichodiaptomus is preoccupied, Light (1939) having used it for Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Rio Negro, near Diaptomus ashlandi. The redescription presented by Manaus (Thomasson, 1953); Rio Apocoitana, in the Reid (1990) is, up to now, the most complete. vicinity of Maués (Brandorff, 1972); Tarumã-Mirim, Rio Negro (Brandorff, 1978b); flooded meadow of the Rio Nhamundá (Brandorff et al., 1982); Lago Dasydiaptomus coronatus (Sars, 1901) Cristalino, Rio Negro, near Manaus (Matsumura- (Fig. 4) Tundisi, 1986). Pará: bayou west of Santarém (Wright, 1927); Lago Jurucuí, near Alter-do-Chão, Rio Tapajós Diaptomus coronatus Sars, 1901: 14, pl. 3, figs. 9-17; (Brandorff, 1972); Igarapé Jari-Mirim, Ariacana, Rios Daday, 1905: 151, 152; Tollinger, 1911: 66, 270, 271, Guamá/Capim (Cipólli & Carvalho, 1973); flooded area fig. A; Pesta, 1927: 80; Wright, 1927: 73, 74, 75, 90, near Lago Timbiras, Caranandeua (Cipólli & Carvalho, 100, pl. 6, figs. 7-9; 1937a: 66, 72, 79, pl. 3, figs. 5-8; 1973); Igarapé São Lourencinho, Furo Panaquera 1938b: 562; Brehm, 1933c: 221; 1958a: 140, 142, (Cipólli & Carvalho, 1973); Lago Terra Santa (Brandorff 168; Brandorff, 1972: 8, 9, 20, 48, figs. 19-26; Cipólli et al., 1982); flooded meadow near the village of Terra & Carvalho, 1973: 95, 97, 98, 100, 101, tab. 2; Paggi, Santa (Brandorff et al., 1982); upper course of Rio 1976b: 91. Xuedá, between flooded trees (Brandorff et al., 1982). Diaptomus aff. coronatus; José de Paggi, 1978: 150, tab. 1; 1981: 199. Distrito Federal: Santo Antônio do Descoberto Reservoir, 15°44’S, 48°10’W, and Lagoa Bonita, 15 Biol. Geral Exper. 15°34’S, 47°10’W (Reid, 1990). Goiás: Santo Antônio Subsequently other new genera were created, and do Descoberto Reservoir (Reid, 1990); Lagoa Formosa, some of the species remaining in Diaptomus were 15°30’S, 47°36’W (Reid, 1990). Minas Gerais: Lagoas transferred to them. Also new species were described Tacho, Paiano and Cipó (Reid, 1990); Pirapora, and assigned to known or new genera. Nowadays there 17°20’55"S, 44°57’00"W (Reid, 1990). São Paulo: are still a few remnant species in the genus reared in aquaria from mud (Sars, 1901); Guarapiranga “Diaptomus” sensu lato, because no one knows where Reservoir (Wright, 1937a). Paraná: Iguaçu basin, these species should be included and because most Segredo Reservoir: sampling sites Areia and Linígrafo of the present genera are poorly defined. These (Lopes et al., 1997). VENEZUELA. Delta Amacuro: remnant species are listed below. Caño Guara near Tucupita, Orinoco delta (Dussart, 1984a). ARGENTINA. Main course of the Paraná River between Santa Fe and Buenos Aires (José de Paggi, “Diaptomus” azureus Reid, 1985 1978); Middle Paraná (José de Paggi, 1981). Habitat: Rivers, pools, littoral and limnetic zones of lakes. (Fig. 5) “Diaptomus” azureus Reid & Esteves, 1984: 310, 311, 317, tab. 2; Reid, 1985: 574, 579-587, figs. 2959; 1987: 378; Santos-Silva, 1998: 204; Kozlowsky- Comments: The record from Segredo Reservoir, Iguaçu basin, is the southernmost occurrence of this species in South America. See Reid (1990) for ecological Suzuki et al., 1998: 1487-1490. Diaptomus azureus; Sendacz, 1993: 35; Rocha et al., 1995: 157. requirements. Distribution. BRASIL. Rio de Janeiro: Lagoa Comprida, District of Macaé, 21°17’S, 41°39’W (Reid Genus “Diaptomus” (sensu lato) Westwood, 1836 & Esteves, 1984; Reid, 1985; Kozlowsky-Suzuki et al., 1998); Lagoa Cabiúnas, District of Macaé Before they were begun to be split into several (Kozlowsky-Suzuki et al., 1998). genera, all the Diaptomidae described from South America were assigned to the genus Diaptomus Habitat: Coastal lagoons. Westwood, 1836. Kiefer (1978) defined the subgenus Diaptomus sensu stricto, of which the type species is Diaptomus castor (Jurine, 1820). In 1932, Kiefer had “Diaptomus” fluminensis Reid, 1985 defined Diaptomus “sensu restricto.” Andrade & (Fig. 5) Brandorff (1975) stated that several species from South America had been described as Diaptomus, but “Diaptomus” fluminensis Reid & Esteves, 1984: 310, did not belong to the same genus defined by Kiefer 311, 317, tab. 2; Reid, 1985: 574, 587-589, figs. 60- (1932) as Diaptomus sensu restricto. They suggested 82; Reid, 1987: 378; Santos-Silva, 1998: 204. that all species already described as Diaptomus should Diaptomus fluminensis; Sendacz, 1993: 35; Rocha et be written as “Diaptomus” until they could be assigned al., 1995: 157. to the correct genus, as had been done by Kiefer (1936a). Kiefer’s attempt at revision (1936a) included only part of the known species of Diaptomus. Distribution. BRASIL. Rio de Janeiro: Lagoa Iodada , 22°27’S, 41°51’W (Reid & Esteves, 1984; Reid, 1985). 16 8 (1), 2008 Habitat: Coastal lagoons. Lago Tarumã-Mirim; Lago Tarumã-Açu (Andrade & Brandorff, 1975); flooded meadow of the Rio Nhamundá (Brandorff et al., 1982). Pará: (Brandorff, 1976); Lago “Diaptomus” linus Brandorff, 1973 Batata, Rio Trombetas, 01°30’S, 56°20’W (Robertson (Fig. 5) in Bozelli, 1992). VENEZUELA. Anzoátegui: Rio Orinoco, left side, at Soledad (Dussart, 1984a); Laguna “Diaptomus” linus Brandorff, 1972: 4, 32, 50, figs. 49- Orsinera, floodplain north of the Orinoco River, 58; 1973b: 206, 208, pl. 3, figs.1-6, pl. 4, figs. 1-6; 08°10’N, 63°30’W (Twombly & Lewis Jr., 1987; 1976: 618, fig. 3; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97, Twombly, 1994). Bolívar: Río Orinoco, right side, at 103; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 65; Ciudad Bolívar (Dussart, 1984a). Delta Amacuro: Caño Hardy et al., 1984: 529; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: Guara, near Tucupita (Orinoco Delta) (Dussart, 1984a). tab. 3b; Arcifa, 1984: 143, tab. 7; Magalhães et al., Monagas: Río Orinoco at Barrancas (Dussart, 1984a). 1988: 270; Santos-Silva, 1998: 204. Diaptomus linus; Rocha et al., 1995: 154, 157. Habitat: Floodplain lakes, blackwater lakes. Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Lago do Castanho, a várzea lake on the right bank of the Rio Solimões “Diaptomus” ohlei Brandorff, 1978 (Brandorff, 1973b; Hardy et al., 1984); Lago do (Fig. 5) Janauarí (Brandorff, 1973b). “Diaptomus” ohlei Brandorff, 1978a: 295-299, figs. Habitat: Floodplain lakes. 1-12; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 65; Dussart, 1984b: 264, fig. 8; Hardy et al., 1984: 530; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Arcifa, 1984: 143, “Diaptomus” negrensis Andrade & Brandorff, 1975 (Fig. 5) tab. 7; Magalhães et al., 1988: 270; Santos-Silva, 1991: 33, 35, fig. 14; 1998: 205. Notodiaptomus (Amazonius) ohlei n. comb., Dussart, “Diaptomus” negrensis Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 1985a: 214. figs. 1-3; 1976: 618; fig. 3; Löffler, 1981: 15; Brandorff et al., 1982: 109, 112; Dussart & Defaye, Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas : mouth of Rio 1983: 65; Hardy et al., 1984: 530; Dussart, 1984a: Manacapuru; Rio Pissiá, near Lábrea; Lago Castanho 34, 35, 36, 39, 55, 56, fig. 11; Robertson & Hardy, (Brandorff, 1978a). Pará: Lago Salgado, Cabeceira do 1984: 347, tab. 3; Arcifa, 1984: 143, tab. 7; Boi; Lago Grande Curuay, in front of Caraubal Magalhães et al., 1988: 270; Santos-Silva, 1998: (Brandorff, 1978a). 205. “Diaptomus” cf. negrensis; Bozelli, 1992: 257. Comments: this species seems to be restricted to lakes Diaptomus negrensis; Twombly & Lewis, 1987; influenced by white-water. Dussart & Defaye (1983) Twombly, 1994: 236-245, figs. 2, 3, 5,6; Rocha et commented that it is related to Notodiaptomus gibber. al., 1995: 154, 157. In 1985a, when he proposed subgenera for Notodiaptomus, Dussart allocated this species to the Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Rio Cuieiras; Lago subgenus Amazonius. No justification or diagnosis Mucura; Lago Tarumã; Lago Baixote; Lago Jaraqui; for that subgenus was provided. Lago Arara; Lago Estreito; Lago Cobra; Lago Tupé; 17 Biol. Geral Exper. “Diaptomus” silvaticus Wright, 1927 Comments: This species sometimes found with (Fig. 5) “Diaptomus” silvaticus, but is neither as abundant nor as widely distributed. Diaptomus silvaticus Wright, 1927: 75, 93-94, 100. 102, pl. 7, figs. 7-9, pl. 8, figs. 1-2; 1938b: 562; Kiefer, 1936b: 310; Thomasson, 1955: 214; Brehm, 1958c: Genus Idiodiaptomus (Kiefer, 1936) 576; Brandorff, 1972: 52; Reid, 1991: 737; Rocha et al., 1995: 154, 157. This genus was created by Kiefer (1936a) to “Diaptomus” silvaticus; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: accommodate Diaptomus gracilipes, described by 97, 103; Brandorff, 1976: 618, fig. 3; Löffler, Douwe (1911). This was the first and last record of 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 63; Dussart & this species. Robertson, 1984: 390, 391; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Dussart, 1985a: 214; Reid, 1991: 737; Santos-Silva, 1998: 205. 1diodiaptomus gracilipes (Douwe, 1911) (Fig. 2) Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: (Brandorff, 1976). Pará: (Wright, 1927). TRINIDAD. Sarge Grande Diaptomus gracilipes Douwe, 1911: 162, figs. 1-2; (Wright, 1927). 1912: 310, figs. 1-5; Wright, 1927: 73, 75, 99, 100, 102, pl. 9, figs. 8-9; 1937a: 66; 1938b: 562; Pesta, 1927: Habitat: Pools. 80. Idiodiaptomus gracilipes n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 199; Comments: Dussart (1985a) suggested the possibility Brehm, 1958a: 165; Brandorff, 1972: 43; 1976: 614, of including this species in a group within the genus fig. 1; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 140; Notodiaptomus (sensu lato), which according to 1995: 178, fig. L70; Santos-Silva, 1998: 205. Dussart contained: N. gibber, N. inflatus, N. anceps, N. lobifer, N. kieferi, N. orellanai, N. dilatatus, and Distribution. BRASIL. São Paulo: Itapura (Douwe, N. paraensis . 1911). Comments: Wright (1927) commented: “The unusual “Diaptomus” silvaticus infrequens (Wright, 1927) character of the fifth feet is probably accentuated by (Fig. 5) being drawn at an angle.” Kiefer (1936a) also noticed this, but said that is better to believe in Douwe’s Diaptomus silvaticus infrequens Wright, 1927: 75, 95, expertise as copepodologist and accept his drawings 100, 102, pl. 7, figs. 3-4; Reid, 1991: 737, 738. as correct until the contrary is proved. It is striking Diaptomus infrequens; Wright, 1938b: 562. that no one has found this species since its description “Diaptomus” silvaticus infrequens; Dussart & by Douwe (1911). The village of Itapura, the type Defaye, 1983: 63; Reid, 1991: 737, 738; Santos- locality, is located in the state of São Paulo, at the Silva, 1998: 205. confluence of the Tietê and Paraná rivers. Sendacz (1997), working in the Upper Paraná River downstream Distribution. BRASIL. Pará (Wright, 1927). from Itapura, did not find this species. The species might be considered extinct, following the IUCN index, Habitat: Pools. which considers as extinct a species not observed in 18 8 (1), 2008 the field in the past 50 years, or alternatively agree species to this group, which then contained the with Wright (1927) and accept that the drawing of the previously described D. nordestinus, D. amazonicus, male fifth leg was based on a very contorted D. iheringi, D. jatobensis, D. deitersi, D. inflatus, D. preparation. It seems that the second exopod segment conifer, D. henseni, and the additional members D. of male right fifth leg is twisted and in lateral view. dahli, D. cearensis, and D. isabelae. Wright (1937a) commented on the species included in Kiefer’s proposal: “Kiefer (1936a) proposed the new genus Genus Notodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Notodiaptomus to include the members of this group (nordestinus) and added the following species: D. The genus Notodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 is the incompositus Brian (1926), D. anisitsi Daday (1905), most widely distributed and most species-rich genus D. santaremensis Wright (1927), and D. carteri of freshwater calanoids in the Neotropics. Dussart & Lowndes (1934). On the basis of the first examination Defaye (1983) listed 28 species in this genus; the of the first two, the writer agrees on their eligibility, number of nominal species is presently about 39, 24 but reserves judgement on the last two.” As a result, of these occurring in Brasil. Wright’s “nordestinus” group then included 13 to species. Wright never accepted Kiefer’s proposal accommodate 11 species originally placed in (1936a) to split part of the genus Diaptomus into six Diaptomus Westwood, 1836 (sensu lato). Five of genera, and wrote (1937a): “In a recent paper, Kiefer these, D. nordestinus Wright, 1935, D. henseni Dahl, (1936a) proposed 7 [in reality only 6, Argyrodiaptomus 1894, D. iheringi Wright, 1935, D. deitersi Poppe, having already been created by Brehm (1933a)] new 1891, and D. amazonicus Wright, 1935 had previously genera to include about one-half of the known species been considered part of the nordestinus-group created of Diaptomus from South America. The writer is by Wright (1935); the other 6 added by Kiefer (1936a) opposed to this policy at the present time because of were D. cearensis Wright, 1936, D. santaremensis the inadequate data available. In the past decade, the Wright, 1927, D. carteri Lowndes, 1934, D. anisitsi number of known species has increased greatly, and Daday, 1905, D. incompositus Brian, 1925, and D. there is good reason to believe that many species inflatus (Kiefer, 1933). Kiefer did not provide a formal remain undiscovered. Moreover, our information diagnosis for the new genus, but grouped these regarding numerous species is incomplete and of species based on a combination of characteristics (see doubtful accuracy. This objection may be of little Kiefer, 1936a). practical importance, because the groupings proposed Notodiaptomus was established Wright (1927) commented in regard to the formal by Kiefer seem to be valid and most of them had already division of Diaptomus species in South America: “It been recognized by others. Of major importance is the seems inadvisable, at this time, to make a formal fact that Kiefer has failed to define the new genera. It division of the South American species into groups. would seem unwise to accept them until they have Some of the forms are closely related but others are so been provided with proper diagnoses.” This attitude distinct that they would have to be the sole caused additional problems, as will be seen below. representatives of their groups.” However, he had Wright (1937a) consulting the Zoological previously identified groups of closely related species. Record through 1934, verified that for South American In 1935, Wright described new species of Diaptomus, Diaptomus “from 1889 to 1914, 13 valid species were and defined and named as “nordestinus,” that group described; from 1915 to 1925 no new ones were added; of similar species (D. nordestinus, D. henseni, D. but since 1925 no less than 34 new and apparently iheringi, and D. deitersi). Later (1937a), he added new valid species have been reported, giving a total of 47 19 Biol. Geral Exper. for the continent”. He commented about this new droite ou à peine courbée, dressée et court’. situation: “Many years ago, when few species were Unfortunately, this does not constitute a differential known, some of them with bizarre structures, diagnosis, which allows us to separate this group from identification usually could be made from descriptions the other species of the genus.” One approach to this and illustrations lacking details. At present, with problem of diagnosis could be to reinstate Wright’s numerous species of close affinities, there is greater original concept and definition of the “nordestinus” need for thoroughness and precision in description of group (1935, 1937a), and to clearly redefine the genus new species. Moreover, if we are to gain knowledge of based on the type and the other species included. relationships and centers of dispersal, there is need Santos-Silva et al. (1999) mentioned that Kiefer for review of many of the known species. Re- did not designate a type species for the genus examination of almost all of the South American species Notodiaptomus. In the absence of an original described to the present should yield results of value.” designation, there has been some confusion about the These observations continue valid to the present day. type of the genus. Ringuelet (1958a) formally Since Wright’s count (1937a), several new designated Diaptomus deitersi Poppe, 1891 as the species were described and assigned to “genotype” of the genus Notodiaptomus. Under the Notodiaptomus, and some known species assigned International Code of Zoological Nomenclature this to Diaptomus were transferred into it. Some of them subsequent designation is valid. Then, Dussart & were added to Notodiaptomus without any basis or Defaye (1983) proposed that “par souci de priorité, reason given, transforming it into an increasingly c’est N. gibber (Poppe, 1889) qui pourrait être prise heterogeneous group. Probably this situation and the comme espèce-type.” But Diaptomus gibber was only need for revision and clear definition of this genus transferred to Notodiaptomus by Pallares in 1963, motivated Dussart’s (1985a) proposal. However when several years after the creation of the genus, and was he proposed the four new subgenera, he apparently not originally included in Notodiaptomus by Kiefer added more confusion to an already confused (1936a). Consequently, following Article 67(g) of the situation. His proposal, lacking details, clear Code, it cannot be accepted as the type of the genus. definitions, and diagnoses of the subgenera caused Therefore the designation by Ringuelet (1958a) of some reactions. Reid’s (1987) reaction was: “Dussart Diaptomus deitersi as type species of the genus (1985) recently proposed four subgenera within the Notodiaptomus is valid. Santos-Silva et al. (1999) admittedly vaguely defined genus Notodiaptomus, but provided a redescription of the type species only for the proposed subgenus Notodiaptomus sensu Notodiaptomus deitersi (Poppe, 1891) and used it as stricto did he supply a diagnosis. No diagnoses were a basis for a complete diagnosis of the genus. provided for the proposed subgenera Wrightius, Only the 24 species occurring in Brasil are Caleodiaptomus, and Amazonius, although type presented herein, with literature, distribution and species were named. These latter three subgeneric comments when necessary. names are not available under Article 13a of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1985), and they cannot be recognized as valid taxa Notodiaptomus amazonicus (Wright, 1935) until such time as they are sufficiently described and (Fig. 6) differentiated.” Regarding the diagnosis of the subgenus Notodiaptomus Reid (1987) mentioned: “The entire diagnosis of the subgenus is: with exopod article 2 of the left leg 5 of male ‘à soie spiniforme Diaptomus henseni; Wright, 1927 (nec D. henseni Dahl): 73, 75, 96, 100, 102, pl. 8, figs. 7-11. Diaptomus amazonicus Wright, 1935: 214, 219, 220, 20 8 (1), 2008 221, 222, 225, 228, pl. 1, figs. 2, 5, 9, 14, 16; 1936: Lago Jacaretinga, Rio Amazonas (Matsumura-Tundisi, 80; 1937a: 73, 76; 1938b: 562; Brehm, 1960: 50; Reid, 1986); Lago Calado, Rio Amazonas (Santos-Silva et 1991: 737, 738, 740. al., 1989; Santos-Silva, 1991); Lago Amanã, Rio Japurá Notodiaptomus amazonicus n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: (Santos-Silva & Robertson, 1993); Balbina Reservoir, 197, fig. 6; 1956: 242; Brehm, 1958a: 168; Löffler, Rio Uatumã; Lake I, Ilha da Marchantaria, Rio 1963: 208; Ringuelet & Martínez de Ferrato, 1967: Amazonas (present report); Lago Juruazinho, 411, 414, pl. 1, figs. 7-11; Brandorff, 1972: 4, 5, 10, Mamirauá (present report). Pará: Tapajós River near 18, 25, 38, 43, figs. 29-32; 1973b: 205, 206; 1976: Santarém; Lake Arary, Marajó Island; Rio Arama 614, 616, fig. 2; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97; (Wright, 1927); Curuá-Una Reservoir, 02Eð48’38"S, Hardy, 1980: 594, 596, 603, 604; Löffler, 1981: 15; 54Eð18’55"W (Santos-Silva et al., 1989); Rio Carvalho, 1983: 717; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 136; Trombetas; Lago Batata, Rio Trombetas, 01°30’S, Dussart, 1984a: 34, 35, 39, 48, 51, 53, fig. 5A; 56°20’W; Lago Mussurá, Rio Trombetas, 01°15’S, Robertson & Hardy, 1984: 347, tab. 3; Arcifa, 1984: 56°20W (Bozelli, 1992). Pernambuco: BR-232, Km 143, tab. 7; Dussart & Frutos, 1986: 307; 131 (Brandorff, pers. com). Mato Grosso do Sul: Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 537, 547, figs. 22-25, Guaraná Lake and Baía River, floodplain lake and a 100; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 6, 83, fig. 25k-m; tributary of the Paraná River (Lima et al., 1996); Lake Cicchino et al., 1989: 101; Santos-Silva et al., 1989: Pato, Baía River, Paraná and Cortado (Lansac-Tôha 726, 727, figs. 47-68; Reid & Moreno, 1990: 731; et al., 1997). Rio Grande do Sul: Lagoa dos Patos Reid, 1991: 737, 738, 740; Santos-Silva, 1991: 33, (Montú & Gloeden, 1986; Bohrer & Araújo, 1999). 34, fig. 10; 1998: 206; Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991: VENEZUELA. Monagas: Río Orinoco at Barrancas 468; Bozelli, 1992: 254, tab. 6; Santos-Silva & (Dussart, 1984a). Bolívar: Río Orinoco, right side, at Robertson, 1993: 101; Sendacz, 1993: 35; Ciudad Bolívar (Dussart, 1984a). GUIANA. Essequibo Battistoni, 1995: 958; Rocha et al., 1995: 156; River and associated waters; Georgetown (Wright, Santos-Silva et al., 1999: 127; Bohrer & Araújo, 1927). PERU: (Löffler, 1963). ARGENTINA. Santa Fé: 1999: 92, 94; Garrido, 1999: 30, 32. Madrejón Don Felipe, Colastiné and Ubajay stream, Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) amazonicus; Dussart, 1985a: 208. Notodiaptomus cf. amazonicus; Lima et al., 1996: 114, Rincón (Ringuelet & Martínez de Ferrato, 1967). Corrientes: Puerto Valle, Yacyretá Reservoir (27°28’S and 56°44’W), Upper Paraná (Garrido, 1999). 115, fig. 3; Lansac-Tôha et al., 1997: 140, 141, tab. 3. Habitat: Natural lakes, reservoirs. Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Lago Janauary, Rio Negro, near Manaus (Brandorff, 1972; 1973b); Lago Notodiaptomus anisitsi (Daday, 1905) Catalão, Rio Amazonas/Rio Negro, near Manaus (Fig. 6) (Brandorff, 1972; 1973); Paraná do Curari, Rio Amazonas (Brandorff, 1972); Lago do Rei, Careiro Diaptomus anisitsi Daday, 1905: 149, 151, 152, pl. 9, Island, Rio Amazonas, near Manaus (Brandorff, 1972; figs. 16-22; Tollinger, 1911: 65, 270, 271, fig. Y; Santos-Silva et al., 1989); Lago and Paraná do Piranha, Pesta, 1927: 80; Wright, 1927: 73, 74, 77, 100, Rio Amazonas; Lago Mata Fome, Rio Madeira 102, pl. 1, figs. 4-6; 1937a: 76; 1938b: 562; 1939: (Brandorff, 1972); lakes Castanho, Jacaretinga, and 647; Kiefer, 1928b: 172, figs. 2a-b; Brehm, 1935a: Redondo, Rio Amazonas (Hardy, 1980); Lago Grande, 12, 13; 1935b: 308; Forró, 1986: 560, tab. 1. Rio Amazonas, 03°22’S, 60°35’W (Carvalho, 1983); Diaptomus “anisitsi”; Kiefer, 1928b: 172. 21 Biol. Geral Exper. Diaptomus inflexus Brian, 1926: 180, figs. 4-6; Kiefer, Buenos Aires Cricket Club, and Lago de la 1928b: 170, 172; Brehm, 1958a: 166; 1965: 3, 7; Reid, Administración at Parque 3 de Febrero, both localities 1991: 738. in Palermo (Wright, 1939). Chaco: pond at Makallé Notodiaptomus anisitsi n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 197; (Ringuelet, 1958a). Entre Ríos: Concordia and Colón, 1956: 242; Brehm, 1939: 42, figs. 2-3; 1958c: 575, Río Uruguay (Brian, 1926). Formosa: Laguna Yema 576, 578, 579; Ringuelet, 1958a: 45, 50; 1958b: 18; (Brehm, 1958a, 1965). Santa Fé: ponds at Crespo, 1962: 87; Pesta, 1959: 148; Ringuelet & Martínez Calchaquí, and Guadalupe (Ringuelet, 1958a); de Ferrato, 1967: 411, 416, 417, pl. 2, figs. 7-10; Calchaquí (Brehm, 1958a, 1965); Ubajay stream, La Brandorff, 1972: 43; 1976: 614, 616, 622, fig. 2; Capital (Ringuelet & Martínez de Ferrato, 1967). Paggi, 1976b: 85; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & URUGUAY. Salto: Salto, Río Uruguay (Brian, 1926). Defaye, 1983: 133, 135, 138; Dussart & Frutos, Mouth of the Río de La Plata, perhaps at Montevideo 1986: 306; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 547, fig. 100; (Brian, 1938, 1939). Reid, 1987: 377, tab. 1; Paggi & José de Paggi, 1990: 690, tab. 2; Reid, 1991: 738; Sendacz, 1993: Habitat: Pools, small lakes, flooded lands. 35; Battistoni, 1995: 958; Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Lopes et al., 1997: 45, 46, tab. 1c; Santos-Silva, Comments: Dr. Juán Paggi (pers. com.) is redescribing 1998: 206; Santos-Silva et al., 1999: 127. this species. The records from the Rio Iguaçu basin in Notodiaptomus anitsisi; José de Paggi, 1978: 150, 159, tab. 1. [error] Notodiaptomus anitsissi; José de Paggi, 1981: 199. the Segredo and Salto Santiago reservoirs, in the State of Paraná, are the northernmost occurrences of this species in Brasil. [error] Notodiaptomus inflexus; Brehm, 1938: 29. “Diaptomus” bidigitatus Brehm, 1965: 3; Brandorff, Notodiaptomus brandorffi Reid, 1987 1976: 618, fig. 3; José de Paggi, 1978: 150, 151; (Fig. 7) 1984: 141; 1985: 17. Notodiaptomus bidigitatus; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 138. Notodiaptomus brandorffi Reid, 1987: 364, 372, 377, figs. 32-59; Reid & Turner, 1988: 489, 492; Sendacz, Notodiaptomus anitsi Rocha et al., 1995: 155. [error] 1993: 35; Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Santos-Silva, Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) anisitsi; Dussart, 1998: 206. 1985a: 201, 208. Distribution. BRASIL. Maranhão: Lago Açú, Rio Distribution. BRASIL. Paraná: Segredo Reservoir, Mearim, 03°50’S, 44°55’W and estuary of the Rio Rio Iguaçú (Lopes et al., 1997); Salto Santiago Coqueiro (Reid, 1987; Reid & Turner, 1988). Sergipe: Reservoir, Rio Iguaçú (present report). Rio Grande Betume, near Neápolis, in the Rio São Francisco basin, do Sul: (Brandorff, 1976). PARAGUAY. Caerapa, swamp 10°19’S, 36°35’W (Reid, 1987). and Villa Rica, wet field (Daday, 1905). ARGENTINA. Middle Paraná River (Paggi & José de Paggi, 1990); Habitat: Shallow lakes, river. main course of the Paraná River between Santa Fe and Buenos Aires (José de Paggi, 1978); Middle Paraná (José de Paggi, 1981). Buenos Aires : stream, Notodiaptomus carteri (Lowndes, 1934) Pergamino (Ringuelet, 1958a); Hoya del Plata (Fig. 7) (Ringuelet, 1962). Capital Federal: artificial lake near 22 8 (1), 2008 Diaptomus carteri Lowndes, 1934: 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 2; Bowman, 1973: 193, 194, figs. 1-21, 33-35; Löffler, 98-100, pl. 3, fig. 3a-d; Wright, 1937a: 76; 1938a: 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 137; 1995: fig. 562. L62; Dussart, 1984a: 26, 27, 28, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, Notodiaptomus carteri n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 197; 49, fig. 6; Reid, 1985: 589, 590; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1956: 242; Ringuelet & Martínez de Ferrato, 1967: 1986: 542, 547, figs. 61-66, 100; Cicchino et al., 411, 412, pl. 1, figs, 1-6; Brandorff, 1972: 43; 1976: 1989: 101; Reid, 1991: 740; Cicchino, 1994: 145, fig. 614, 616, fig. 2; Bowman, 1973: 199; Löffler, 1981: 9; Tundisi & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1994: 27; Rocha 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 133, 136; Dussart, et al., 1995: 156; 1998: 794, 795, tab. 1; Santos- 1985b: 264, fig. 7C; Dussart & Frutos, 1986: 306; Silva, 1998: 207; Santos-Silva et al., 1999: 127; 1987: 244, 245, 246, pl. 1, figs. 2-9; Montú & Sendacz & Kubo, 1999: 526. Gloeden, 1986: 6, 82, fig. 25e-j; Reid, 1987: 377; Battistoni, 1995: 958; Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) cearensis; Dussart, 1985a: 208. Santos-Silva, 1998: 206; Santos-Silva et al., 1999: 127; Bohrer & Araújo, 1999: 92, 94. Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) carteri; Dussart, 1985a: 208. Distribution. BRASIL. Maranhão: sand dune lakes, Parque dos Lençóis Maranhenses (Rocha et al., 1998). Ceará: Lagoa Tauapé, Fortaleza and Lagoa Mecejana, Mecejana (Wright, 1936a); “açude” (artificial pond) Distribution. BRASIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Canal de in Fortaleza (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986). Rio Grande São Gonçalo (Montú & Gloeden, 1986); Lagoa dos do Norte: several waters near Caraúbas and one near Patos (Bohrer & Araújo, 1999). PARAGUAY. Assú (Wright, 1936a). Paraíba: Açude Pilões, near Makthlawaiya, 23°25’S, 58°19’W (Lowndes, 1934). São João do Rio do Peixe (Wright, 1936a). ARGENTINA. Chaco: Estero Marocho and Estero Pernambuco: “açudes” (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986). Pati (Dussart & Frutos, 1986). Chaco: Cangui Chico São Paulo: Barra Bonita Reservoir, Rio Tietê (Tundisi stream; Río de Oro; Río Gayacuru; Río Tragadero; & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1994). VENEZUELA. Río Palometa (Dussart & Frutos, 1986). Santa Fé: along Anzoategui: Río Orinoco, left side at Soledad; Charca highway Nº 168, from Santa Fé to Helvecia; Laguna 2, near Unaré River, at Clarines (Dussart, 1984a). Los Espejos, at Sirgadero Island, in front of the city of Aragua: Man-made lake at Camatagua (Dussart, 1984a). Santa Fé; Madrejón Don Felipe, Colastiné (Ringuelet Bolivar: Guri, man-made lake near the dam on Caroni & Martínez de Ferrato, 1967). River (Dussart, 1984a). Delta Amacuro: Caño Manamo near Tucupita. Guarico: Guarico Reservoir, near Habitat: Swamps, shallow lakes with aquatic plants, Calobozo; Caño Falcon, Río Portuguesa, near San flooded lands. Fernando de Apure; pond (natural) los Patos, near field biological station of Calobozo; pond (natural) near El Sombrero (Dussart, 1984a). Monagas: Pond between Notodiaptomus cearensis (Wright, 1936) Barcelona and Maturin, near Urica; vicinity of (Fig. 6) Barrancas (Bowman, 1973); Río Orinoco at Barrancas (Dussart, 1984a). Diaptomus cearensis Wright, 1936a: 80, pl. 1, fig. 2; 1937a: 73, 76; 1938a: 300; 1938b: 563; Reid, 1991: Habitat: Man-made lakes, shallow gully, and sand dune 740. lakes. Notodiaptomus cearensis n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 197; 1956: 242; Brandorff, 1972: 44; 1976: 615, 616, fig. 23 Biol. Geral Exper. Notodiaptomus conifer (Sars, 1901) Reservoir, Rio Tietê (Sendacz & Kubo, 1982; Sendacz (Fig. 6) et al., 1985); Xavantes Reservoir (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986); Upper Paraná River (Sendacz, 1997); Jurumirim Diaptomus conifer Sars, 1901: 13, pl. 3, figs. 1-8; Daday, Reservoir (between 23°08'/23°35’S, and 48°30'/ 1905: 147, 151, 152, pl. 9, fig. 10; Tollinger, 1911: 49°13’W), Paranapanema River basin (Henry & 68, 270, 271, fig. D; Pearse, 1921: 459; Kiefer, 1926: Nogueira, 1999). FRENCH GUIANA: (Defaye & 24; 1936b: 310; Pesta, 1927: 76, 80; Wright, 1927: Dussart, 1989). PARAGUAY. Aregua, flood from a 73, 75, 91, 100, 102, pl. 6, figs. 10-12; 1936: 79; 1937a: stream crossing the road to Laguna Ipacaraí; pool at 66, 73, 75, 76, pl. 3, figs. 1-4; 1938a: 302; 1938b: the railway; flooded area between Aregua and Yuguari; 562; Lowndes, 1934: 89, 91, 92, 93, 96, 98, 101; pools at Assunção; Campo Grande; Calle de la Cañada; Brehm, 1935b: 308; 1955: 413; 1958a: 143, 167; 1965: pools on an island in the Río Paraguay; Gran Chaco, 3, 5, 7, 8; Brandorff, 1972: 47; Bowman, 1973: 201; Río Paraguay; Laguna (Pasito); Cerro Leon, Bañado; Infante et al., 1979: 225, 230; Forró, 1986: 560, tab.1. Curuzu-ñu, small lake near Marcos Romeros’ house; Notodiaptomus conifer n. comb., Kiefer, 1954: 173; Estia Postillon, Laguna; Courallhes, permanent pond; 1956: 239, 242; Ringuelet, 1958a: 45, 46, 51; Laguna Ipacarai, surface; Lugua, pool in the train Paggi & José de Paggi, 1974: tab. 1; Brandorff, station; Pirayu, pool in the street and pond adjacent 1976: 615, 616, fig. 2; Gouvêa, 1980: 1047, 1048, to pottery; Sapucay, rain-water pools; Tebicuay, 1050, 1051, 1058, 1059; Löffler, 1981: 15; permanent swamp; flooded area, Río Yuguari (Daday, Sendacz & Kubo, 1982: 54, 55, 66, 71, figs. 20- 1905); Makthlawaiya, a rain-water pool in grassland, 24, tab. 3; Dussart, 1983: 321; 1984b: 264, fig. 23°25’S, 58°19W; pool in a wood 5 miles NE. of 7B; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 134; Arcifa, 1984: Nanahua (Lowndes, 1934). ARGENTINA. Middle 143, tab. 7; Dussart & Frutos, 1986: 306, 307; 1987: Paraná River between the cities of Santa Fé and Paraná 246; Sendacz et al., 1985: 190, 193, 196, 199, 203, (Paggi & José de Paggi, 1974); Middle Paraná River 207, tabs. 4, 8, 12; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 542, (Paggi & José de Paggi, 1990). Buenos Aires: Laguna figs. 46-50, 100; Reid, 1987: 372; Defaye & Dussart, Totora, Laprida; Laguna Videl, Chascomus and 1989: 123; Cicchino et al., 1989: 98; Paggi & José Tapalque (Brehm, 1965). Cordoba: Unguillo (Brehm, de Paggi, 1990: 690, tab. 2; Sendacz, 1993: 35; 1997: 1965). Chaco: Resistencia; pond in Makallé 624, 625, tab. 2; Battistoni, 1995: 958; Rocha et al., (Ringuelet, 1958a); Corzuela (Brehm, 1965). La Plata: 1995: 155, 156; Jersabek et al., 1996: 2028, 2030, La Plata (Brehm, 1965). Mendoza: La Dormids 2059; Santos-Silva, 1998: 207; Henry & Nogueira, (Brehm, 1965). 1999: 668, tab. 4. Notodiaptomus conifera; Henry & Nogueira, 1999: Habitat: Pools, ponds, shallow turbid lakes. 667. [error] Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) conifer ; Dussart, 1985a: 208. Comments: the record of this species occurring in Lake Valencia, Venezuela, by Pearse (1921) was a misidentification; later Kiefer (1954, 1956) verified that Distribution. BRASIL. Bahia: Lagoa do Abaeté, this species does not occur there. Only Notodiaptomus 12°55’S, 38°22’W (Gouvêa, 1980). Mato Grosso: venezolanus Kiefer, 1954 occurs in Lake Valencia. Corumbá (Daday, 1905). São Paulo: dried mud from Itatiba (Sars, 1901); reservoir at Sorocaba and pool in a brick-yard, near Amparo (Wright, 1937a); Batista Notodiaptomus coniferoides (Wright, 1927) Reservoir, Rio Paranapanema and Itupararanga (Fig. 7) 24 8 (1), 2008 Diaptomus coniferoides Wright, 1927: 75, 92, 100, 102, 1980); Lago Grande, Rio Amazonas, 03°22’S, 60°35W pl. 7, figs. 1-4; 1937a: 77; 1938b: 562; 1939: 647; (Carvalho, 1983); Lago Lua Nova, Rio Acre (Sendacz Lowndes, 1934; 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94-96, pl. 1, figs. & Melo Costa, 1991); Lago Amanã, Rio Japurá (Santos- 1a-d; Brehm, 1938: 29; 1957: 60, figs. 72-76; 1958a: Silva & Robertson, 1993). Pará: vicinity of Santarém, 140, 141, 142, 143, 147, 167, pl. 2, figs. 1-4; 1960: 49; probably in the Rio Tapajós (Wright, 1927); Lago 1965: 3, 7, 8; Brandorff, 1972: 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 24, 25, 48, Grande Curuai, in front of Fazenda Nova Itália figs. 27-28; Reid, 1991: 737, 738. (Brandorff, 1972; 1973b), and in front of Caraubal, Rio “Diaptomus” coniferoides; Brehm, 1958a: 147. Amazonas; Rio Tapajós at Santarém; Lago Salgado, Notodiaptomus coniferoides n. comb., Ringuelet, Cabeceira do Boi and Cabeceira do Molha; Lago 1958a: 45, 46, 52; 1962: 87; Herbst, 1967: 96; Jurucui, Rio Tapajós, near the village of Alter-do-Chão; Cicchino, 1972: 585-596; Brandorff, 1973b: 206; Rio Amazonas, near Santarém; Paraná do Tapará, near 1976: 616, 622, fig. 2; 1978a: 298; Paggi & José Santarém (Brandorff, 1972). Rondônia: Calama, Rio de Paggi, 1974: 109, tab. 1; 1990: 685, 686, 690, Madeira (Wright, 1927); Igarapé São Pedro, 09°36’S, 692, tab. 2; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97; José 63°37’W (Santos-Silva & Robertson, 1993). Mato de Paggi, 1978: 150, tab. 1; 1981: 189, 199; Gouvêa, Grosso do Sul: southern Pantanal, region of Corumbá, 1980: 1047, 1050, 1051, 1058; Hardy, 1980: 594, 596, Rio Paraguay: near Marinha Ladário, near Port, near 604; Löffler, 1981: 15; Carvalho, 1983: 717; Dussart Rabicho, site 2 near airport (Corumbá), Baía de & Defaye, 1983: 135; Dussart, 1984a: 34, 35, 38, 39, Carandazal (baía 29) at Fazenda Nhumirim (18°59’S, 54, fig. 9; 1984b: 264, fig. 7A; Robertson & Hardy, 56°39’W), Baía de Jacadigo (19°01’S, 57°41’W) (Reid 1984: 347, tab. 3; Arcifa, 1984: 143, tab. 7; Dussart & Moreno, 1990). Paraná: Itaipu Reservoir & Frutos, 1986: 306, 307, figs. 14-18; 1987: 243, (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986). BOLIVIA. Beni (Brandorff, 244, 245, 246, pl. 2, figs. 10-12; Reid & Moreno, 1976). 1990: 726, 729, 730-733, tabs. 2, 3; Reid, 1991: 737, Makthlawaiya, 23°25’S, 58°19W and Nanahua, 32°30’S, 738; Santos-Silva, 1991: 33, 34, fig. 11; 1998: 207; 59°30’W, regions (Lowndes, 1934). ARGENTINA. Sendacz & Melo Costa, 1991: 466, 468, 469; Frutos, Middle Paraná River between the cities of Santa Fé 1993: 91, 112, tab. 3; Santos-Silva & Robertson, and Paraná (Paggi & José de Paggi, 1974); Middle 1993: 101; Sendacz, 1993: 35; Battistoni, 1995: 958; Paraná River (José de Paggi, 1981; Paggi & José de Rocha et al., 1995: 155, 156; Jersabek et al., 1996: Paggi, 1990); main course of the Paraná River between 2028, 2030. Santa Fe and Buenos Aires (José de Paggi, 1978). Notodiaptomus coniferoide; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 542, 547, figs. 51-54, 100. [error] Notodiaptomus (Caleodiaptomus) coniferoides ; Dussart, 1985a: 201, 214. PARAGUAY. Several samples from Buenos Aires: Delta of Río Paraná, near Tigre (Wright, 1939); Paraná Guazú, Tigre (Brehm, 1957, 1965); stream at Pergamino and canal of Río Santiago at Puerto La Plata (Ringuelet, 1958a); Hoya del Plata (Ringuelet, 1962); Río de la Plata at Punta Lara (Cicchino, 1972); Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Lago Joanico, Ilha Arroyo Pajarito, Tigre and Río Terito near Tigre (Reid, do Careiro, near Manaus (Herbst, 1967); Lago Janauari, 1991). Chaco: Resistencia (Ringuelet, 1958a); Río Rio Negro, near Manaus (Brandorff, 1972; 1973b); Barranqueras (Brehm, 1965); Río Guaycurú; Río La Paraná do Curari; Lago do Rei, Ilha do Careiro, Rio Palometa (Dussart & Frutos, 1986). Corrientes: Laguna Amazonas; Rio Manacapuru, Lago do Piranha and 1 (La Turbia), Isla del Cerrito, Río Paraná and Laguna 2 Paraná do Piranha (Brandorff, 1972); Lago Calado, Rio (Los Pajaros), Isla Nueva Cerrito, Río Paraná (Frutos, Amazonas, near Manacapuru (Brandorff, 1972; Santos- 1993). Formosa: Laguna Yema (Brehm, 1957, 1965); Silva, 1991); Lago Jacaretinga, Rio Amazonas (Hardy, Ingeniero Juarez (Brehm, 1965); San Hilario stream 25 Biol. Geral Exper. (Dussart & Frutos, 1987). Notodiaptomus deeveyorum Bowman, 1973 (Fig. 7) Habitat: Swamps, pools, shallow turbid lakes, floodplain lakes. Notodiaptomus venezolanus deeveyorum Bowman, 1973: 199, figs. 22-30, 36-39; Löffler, 1981: 15; Comments: All records of Notodiaptomus coniferoides Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 138; Reid, 1985: 590; for Venezuela (Dussart, 1984a) are misidentifications, Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 542, figs. 43-45. referring to a new species being described by Cicchino Notodiaptomus deeveyorus, new rank, Dussart, 1984a: et al. (in press). Notodiaptomus coniferoides does not 25, 34, 35, 38, 39, 46, 48, 49, fig. 4; Dussart & occur in Venezuela. Frutos, 1986: 308; Frutos, 1993: 112, tab. 3; Twombly, 1994: 244, 245. [error] Notodiaptomus Notodiaptomus dahli (Wright, 1936) (Fig. 6) (Notodiaptomus) deeveyorum; Dussart, 1985a: 208. Notodiaptomus cf. deeveyorum; Dussart & Frutos, 1986: 307, 308, figs. 7-8. Diaptomus dahli Wright, 1936a: 79, pl. 1, fig. 1; 1938b: Notodiaptomus deeveyorum; Reid, 1987: 378; Defaye 562; Brandorff, 1972: 48; Andrade & Brandorff, & Dussart, 1989: 110, 111, 113, 123, figs. 11-15; 1975: 97; Reid, 1991: 740. Cicchino et al., 1989: 98, 103, 104; Battistoni, Notodiaptomus dahli n. comb., Kiefer, 1956: 242; Brandorff, 1976: 616, fig. 2; Löffler, 1981: 15; 1995: 958; Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Santos-Silva, 1998: 208. Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 137; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Dussart & Frutos, 1987: 246; Reid, Distribution. BRASIL. Mato Grosso: Lakes Sá Mariana, 1987: 377; 1991: 740; Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Chacororé, and Buritizal, Pantanal (Matsumura- Santos-Silva, 1998: 208. Tundisi, 1986). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Río Atabapo Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) dahli; Dussart, 1985a: 208. (Dussart, 1984a). Bolívar: Guri, man-made lake near the dam on Caroni (Dussart, 1984a); Río Orinoco, right side, at Ciudad Bolívar (Dussart, 1984a). Carabobo: Distribution. BRASIL. Pará: several localities in Rio Lake Valencia (littoral, south shore) (Dussart, 1984a). Arari, Marajó Island (Wright, 1936a). Delta Amacuro: Cañamo Manamo near Tucupita (Dussart, 1984a). Monagas: vicinity of Barrancas, Río Habitat: Rivers. Orinoco (Bowman, 1973); Río Orinoco at Barrancas and lateral caño (pond) near Orinoco at Barrancas Comments: Dussart & Defaye (1983) listed this species (Dussart, 1984a). FRENCH GUIANA. Pisciculture pond from Venezuela, but I cannot locate the source of their at Barjou, near Sinnamary; swamp at Rochambeau, near record. It is interesting that since it was described, no highway RN2 (Defaye & Dussart, 1989). ARGENTINA. one has found this species again, probably because no Corrientes: Laguna 1 (La Turbia), Isla del Cerrito, Río surveys have been made in its area of occurrence. The Paraná and Laguna 2 (Los Pajaros), Isla Nueva Cerrito, identity of this species is not clearly defined, and the Río Paraná (Frutos, 1993). fact that Wright apparently did not deposit any type material makes clarification of its taxonomical status Habitat: Natural and man-made lakes, ponds, swamps very difficult. and rivers. 26 8 (1), 2008 Comments: Cicchino et al. (1989) considered this species as synonymous with Notodiaptomus henseni. Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) deitersi; Dussart, 1985a: 208. I prefer to consider it a valid species until the type material of each species involved has been carefully Distribution. BRASIL. Piauí: Lake Parnágua (Spandl, examined. It is lamentable that those authors could 1926). Mato Grosso: pool in the city of Cuiabá (Poppe, not examine the type material of Notodiaptomus 1891); lakes Sá Mariana and Recreio (Matsumura- henseni (Dahl, 1894), which seems not to be extant. Tundisi, 1986); Lagoa Pedra Branca (Santos-Silva et Dussart (1984a) raised the subspecies Notodiaptomus al., 1999). Mato Grosso do Sul: Lakes Guaraná and venezolanus deeveyorum described by Bowman (1973) Pousada das Garças, and Paraná River (Lansac-Tôha to species rank, erroneously using the name et al., 1997). PARAGUAY. Samples from Makthlawaiya, deeveyorus. 23°25’S, 58°19W and Nanahua, 32°30’S, 59°30’W, regions (Lowndes, 1934). ARGENTINA. Corrientes: Laguna Ibera; Merces (Brehm, 1959). Missiones: San Notodiaptomus deitersi (Poppe, 1891) Ignacio (Brehm, 1959). Santa Fé: lagunas Los Espejos (Fig. 6) and Madrejón Don Felipe (Ringuelet & Martínez de Ferrato, 1967). Diaptomus deitersi Poppe, 1891: 248, figs. 1-3; De Guerne & Richard, 1892: 2, pl. 10-12; Richard, Habitat: Pools, lakes, shallow lakes, littoral zones of 1897a: 298; Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898: 81; Sars, lakes. 1901: 10, 12; Daday, 1905: 151, 152; Tollinger, 1911: 69, 270, 271, fig. E; Brian, 1926: 182, 183; Spandl, Comments: Ringuelet (1958a) proposed this species 1926: 104, figs. 7a-d; Pesta, 1927: 80; Wright, 1927: as the genotype of the genus Notodiaptomus, but 73, 75, 95, 100, 102, pl. 8, figs. 5-6; 1935: 213, 219, without justifying his proposal. Santos-Silva et al. 220; 1937a: 76; 1938b: 562; Lowndes, 1934: 89, 90, (1999) redescribed this species and made a neotype 91, 96-98, pl. 2; figs. 2a-b; Brehm, 1959: 511, 514, designation, to clarify its taxonomical status; and also 515, 516, figs. 15-22; Dussart & Matsumura- expanded the genus diagnosis. Tundisi, 1986: 250. Notodiaptomus deitersi n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 197; 1954: 173; 1956: 242; Brehm, 1955: 413, 414; Notodiaptomus dubius Dussart & Matsumura- 1958a: 168; 1959: 514, 515, 516, figs. 15-22; Tundisi (in Dussart, 1985a), 1985 Ringuelet, 1958a: 50; Ringuelet & Martínez de (Fig. 7) Ferrato, 1967: 411, 417, pl. 2, figs, 11-14; Brandorff, 1972: 44; 1976: 616, fig. 2; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart Notodiaptomus dubius Dussart & Matsumura- & Defaye, 1983: 134; Dussart & Frutos, 1986: 306; Tundisi, 1986: 250, fig. 2; Matsumura-Tundisi, Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 537, 100, figs. 26-33; 1986: 537, 552, figs. 16-21, 100; Reid, 1987: 378; Reid, 1987: 377; Sendacz, 1993: 35; Battistoni, 1995: Defaye & Dussart, 1989: 114; Sendacz, 1993: 35; 959; Rocha et al., 1995: 155, 156; Lansac-Tôha et Rocha et al., 1995: 156, 159; Santos-Silva, 1998: al., 1997: 140, tab. 3; Santos-Silva, 1998: 208; 209. Santos-Silva et al., 1999: 114-128, figs. 1-8, tabs. 1-2. Notodiaptomus (Wrightius) dubius; Dussart 1985a: 210, 212, 213, 214, fig. 8. Neodiaptomus deitersi; Brehm, 1959: 510, 511, 514, 515, 517, figs. 15-22. Distribution. BRASIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Amarela, 27 Biol. Geral Exper. Rio Doce valley (Dussart, 1985a; Dussart & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986). Notodiaptomus (Wrightius) gibber ; Dussart, 1985a: 210, 214. Comments: Up to now this species has been found Distribution. BRASIL. Santa Catarina: Itajaí region only in Lagoa Amarela. There is a problem related to (Poppe in De Guerne & Richard, 1889; Richard, 1897a). the year of original description of this species. Dussart ARGENTINA. Capital Federal : Balneario Norte (1985a) published the descriptions and quoted Dussart (Nuñez) (Pallares, 1963). URUGUAY. Rainpools in the & Matsumura-Tundisi (then in press) as the authors Barra de Santa Lucia area, near Montevideo (Wright, of this species. However Dussart’s paper appeared first, 1938a); Barra Agas (Brehm, 1938). in April 1985, and the paper of Dussart & MatsumuraTundisi appeared 10 months later in February 1996. Habitat: Pool, ponds, man-mad lake. Consequently the original description first appeared in Dussart’s paper (1985). As he quoted Dussart & Comments: This was the first true diaptomid described Matsumura-Tundisi (in press) and used the same from South America. Dussart & Defaye (1983) added description and drawings published in that paper a question mark (?) about the status of this species as (1986), the authorship of this species should be cited the type-species of genus Notodiaptomus, but in 1995 as: Dussart & Matsumura-Tundisi (in Dussart), 1985. they accepted it as the type species of the genus. Santos-Silva et al. (1999) clarified this situation and redescribed the valid type species of Notodiaptomus. Notodiaptomus gibber Poppe (in De Guerne & Richard), 1889 (Fig. 7) Notodiaptomus henseni (Dahl, 1894) (Fig. 6) Diaptomus gibber Poppe (in De Guerne & Richard), 1889: 95, pl. 2, figs. 2, 14, pl. 3, fig. 1, pl. 4, fig. 27; Diaptomus henseni Dahl, 1894: 11, 19, pl. 1, figs. 1-5, De Guerne & Richard, 1889: pl. 18, tab. 1; Poppe, 5a; Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898: 78; Daday, 1905: 1891: 250; Herrick & Turner, 1895: 55, 63, pl. 8, fig. 151, 152; Tollinger, 1911: 70; 272, 273, fig. E; Brian, 1; Schmeil, 1897: 172, pl. 14, figs. 4-5; Richard, 1926: 183; Pesta, 1927: 80; Wright, 1935: 214, 219, 1897a: 276, 298; Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898: 82; 220, 221, 222, 223, pl. 1, fig. 3; 1936a: 79; 1937a: 76; Sars, 1901: 10, 12; Mrázek, 1901: 15; Daday, 1905: 1938b: 562; Kiefer, 1956: 242; Cipólli & Carvalho, 150, 152; Tollinger, 1911: 70, 272, 273, fig. F; Pesta, 1973: 95, 97, 98, 100, 101, tab. 2; Reid, 1991: 737. 1927: 80; Wright, 1927: 73, 75, 89, 100, 102, pl. 6, figs. 4-6; 1938a: 298; 1938b: 562; Brehm, 1935b: Diaptomus henseni; Wright, 1927 (nec Dahl, 1894): 73, 74, 75, 96, pl. 8, figs. 7-11. 298; 1938: 30, 31; 1958a: 167; Brandorff, 1972: 49. Notodiaptomus henseni n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 197, Notodiaptomus gibber n. comb., Pallares, 1963: 39, Pl. fig. 7; Brehm, 1958a: 168; Brandorff, 1972: 44; 1976: 1, figs. 1-17; Brandorff, 1976: 616, fig. 2; 1978a: 616, fig. 2; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97; Löffler, 298; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 133; 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 134; Dussart, 1995: 167; Dussart & Robertson, 1984: 391; Dussart 1984a: 34, 39, 43, 46, fig. 3; Robertson & Hardy, & Frutos, 1986: 306; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 1984: 346, tab. 3; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 542, 547, fig. 100; Battistoni, 1995: 959; Rocha et al., figs. 81-85; Reid & Turner, 1988: 492; Cicchino et 1995: 156; Santos-Silva, 1998: 209; Santos-Silva et al., 1989: 98-105, figs. 1a-f, 2, 3, 4, 5; Cicchino, al., 1999: 127. 1994: 145, fig. 6; Zoppi de Roa, 1994: 1384-1386, 28 8 (1), 2008 tab. 1; Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Santos-Silva, 1998: as synonymous with Notodiaptomus henseni (Dahl, 209; Santos-Silva et al., 1999: 127; Espíndola et 1894). Dussart (1984a) also regarded N. venezolanus al., 2000: 179, 180, 185, 189, 190, tab. 2, fig. 6. as synonymous with N. henseni. Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) henseni; Dussart, 1985a: 208. Notodiaptomus iheringi (Wright, 1935) Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Balbina Reservoir, (Fig. 6) Rio Uatumã (present report). Pará: Mouth of Rio Tocantins (Dahl, 1894); Tucuruí Reservoir (Espíndola Diaptomus iheringi Wright, 1935: 214, 219, 221, 223, et al., 2000); all following records by Cipólli & 226, 229, pl. 1, fig. 4, pl. 2, figs. 3, 5-11; 1936a: Carvalho (1973: tabs. 2, 4) from the Rio Guamá, 80, 81; 1937a: 76; 1938a: 300; 1938b: 562; Brehm, Capim, and Tocantins regions: Baía do Marajó; 1958a: 140, 146, 168; 1960: 49; Cipólli & Carvalho, Ariacana, Rio Capim; flooded area near Lago Timbiras, 1973: 95, 97, 98, 101, tab. 2; Reid, 1991: 738, 740. Caranandeua; Lago Timbiras, Caranandeua; Lago Notodiaptomus iheringi n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 197, Maria Preta, Rio Capim; Lago Jurumundeua, figs. 3, 4; 1956: 242; Brandorff, 1972: 44; 1976: 616, Caranandeua; Lago Bernardino, Santana do Capim; 621, fig. 2; Löffler, 1981: 15; Sendacz & Kubo, 1982: Igarapé (stream) Uruazinho, Maiauatá; Igarapé 54, 69-71, 85-86, figs. 25-29, tab. 3; 1999: 526; Jacarequara, Abaetetuba; Rio São Lourenço, Furo de Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 137; Arcifa, 1984: 143, Panaquera; Igarapé do Inó, Furo de Panaquera; Igarapé tab. 7; Reid & Esteves, 1984: 310-311, 317, 321, Coelho, Baía do Maratapá; Rio Pindobal, Baía de 322, tab. 2; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Reid, Maratapá; Igarapé do Grilo, Baía de Maratapá; Paraná 1985: 574-579, 589, figs. 1-28; 1987: 378; 1991: 738, Samuuma, Baía de Maratapá; Igarapé do Mapará, 740; Sendacz et al., 1985: 190, 193, 195, 196, 201, Paraná Samuuma; Rio Tocantins, Cametá; Igarapé da 203, 205, 207, tabs. 4, 6, 8,10, 12; Matsumura- Maloca, Cametá; Igarapé Aricurá, Cametá; Igarapé do Tundisi, 1986: 542, 547, figs. 66-72, 100; Rocha et Espírito Santo, Baião; Igarapé Murú; Rio Tocantins, al., 1990: 94, tab. 5; Lansac-Tôha et al., 1992: 43, Tucuruí; Marginal lagoon of the Rio Tocantins, Jatobal; 45, 47; Tomm et al., 1992: 57, 58, 64, 67, 69; Sendacz, Laguinho, Tucuruí; Lago Trocará between Tucuruí and 1993: 35; 1997: 624, 625, tab. 2; Reid & Pinto- Baião. Maranhão: Lago José Maria, Rio Mearim Coelho, 1994: 93, 95, 99, 100, 108; Tundisi & (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986). COLOMBIA. Río Matsumura-Tundisi, 1994: 27; Nogueira & Guaviare (Cicchino et al., 1989). VENEZUELA. Apure: Panarelli, 1997: 62, 65, 68, 75, tabs. 4, 5, 6, fig. flooded grassland of Mantecal, 07°35’N, 69°10’W 5; Rocha et al., 1995: 155, 156; Lima et al., 1996: (Cicchino et al., 1989; Zoppi de Roa, 1994). Carabobo: 115, fig. 3; Lansac-Tôha et al., 1997: 140, tab. 3; Lago Valencia (Cicchino et al., 1989). Delta Amacuro: Santos-Silva, 1998: 209; Carvalho & Sendacz, 1998: Caño Manamo (Cicchino et al., 1989; Dussart, 1984a); 1525, 1527; Henry & Nogueira, 1999; 667, 668, tab. Caño Guara near Tucupita, Orinoco delta (Dussart, 4; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1999: 44; Santos-Silva et 1984a). Guárico: Río Portuguesa (Cicchino et al., 1989). al., 1999: 127. Notodiaptomus (Wrightius) iheringi; Dussart, 1985a: Habitat: River mouth-lakes. 210. Notodiaptonus iheringi; Rolla et al., 1990: 241, tab. 6. Comments: First species of Diaptomidae described [error] from the Amazon basin. Cicchino et al. (1989) considered Notodiaptomus venezolanus Kiefer (1954) Distribution. BRASIL. Pará: Several sites in the 29 Biol. Geral Exper. Guamá, Capim and Tocantins river basins (Cipólli & this species is restricted to the interior of Northeast Carvalho, 1973): Lago Timbiras, Caranandeua; Lago Brasil, where it was taken in 72 waters. Although there Jurumundeua, Caranandeua. Furo de Panaquera: Rio is abundant opportunity for transport into the littoral São Lourenço, Igarapé Sororoca. Baía de Maratapá: region rivers, it was not found east of Mogeiro de Igarapé do Grilo, Paraná Samuuma; Igarapé do Mapará, Baixo, State of Paraíba, or Gravatá, State of Paraná Samuuma. Cametá: Rio Tocantins, Igarapé da Pernambuco. These towns are located near the eastern Maloca, Igarapé Aricurá; Igarapé Murú. Rio Tocantins, limit of the semi-arid region. The number of samples Tucuruí; marginal lagoon at Jatobal; Laguinho, from the littoral is too small to show with certainty Tucuruí. Ceará: Açude in Fortaleza (Matsumura- that the species is not present (except possibly as a Tundisi, 1986). Paraíba: Açude Puxinanã, at the village transient), but it appears that such is the case. It is of the same name, near Campina Grande (Wright, 1935). noteworthy, too, that it was not encountered in the Pernambuco: Açude at Garanhuns (Wright, 1935). “brejo” region (high and rainy) about the town of Areia. Mato Grosso do Sul: Lake Guaraná and Baía River, a Over most of its range, D. iheringi was the only species tributary of the Paraná River (Lima et al., 1996); Nova found, but in the vicinity of Campina Grande it was Andradina, Upper Paraná River floodplain (Lansac- commonly associated with D. nordestinus, and near Tôha et al., 1992); Pato and Pousada das Garças lakes Açude Pilões with D. azevedoi. On the basis of available and Baía, Curutuba, Ivinheima, and Paraná rivers data it may be said that D. iheringi is the characteristic (Lansac-Tôha et al., 1997). Minas Gerais: Volta Grande form of the semi-arid interior, and D. nordestinus o f Reservoir (19°57’52"-20°10’00"S, 48°25'-47°35’W) the humid coastal region.” Reid (1985) later observed (Rolla et al., 1990). Rio de Janeiro: Lagoa da Saudade, that N. iheringi is found in several places outside 21°42’S, 41°20’W and Lagoa do Campelo, 21°40’S, northeastern Brasil, and noted that this species might 41°11’W (Reid & Esteves, 1984; Reid, 1985). São Paulo: have a much broader ecological range than postulated Itapeva and Funil reservoirs, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin by Wright (1935). (Sendacz & Kubo, 1982; Sendacz et al., 1985); Rio Capivara and Tietê (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986); Barra Bonita Reservoir, Rio Tietê (Tundisi & Matsumura- Notodiaptomus incompositus (Brian, 1926) Tundisi, 1994); Upper Paraná River: Ilha Solteira (Fig. 6) Reservoir, Jupiá Reservoir, Lakes Comprida 1 and 2, Lake Jota, Paraná River (Sendacz, 1997); Rio Abaixo, Diaptomus incompositus Brian, 1926: 182, figs. 7-9; sand pit, Paraíba do Sul River basin (Carvalho & 1927: 131; Brehm, 1933a: 284; 1935b: 298, 299, 305; Sendacz, 1998); Jurumirim Reservoir (23°08'-23°35’S, 1958a: 168; 1965: 3; Wright, 1937a: 76; 1938a: 298, 48°30'-49°13’W), Paranapanema River basin (Nogueira 299, 301; 1938b: 562; 1939: 645, 647, 648; Olivier, & Panarelli, 1997; Henry & Nogueira, 1999). Paraná: 1955: 299; Reid, 1991: 738. Itaipu Reservoir (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986; Tomm et al., 1992); Porto Rico, Upper Paraná River floodplain (Lansac-Tôha et al., 1992); Salto Osório and Foz de Areia reservoirs (present report). Diaptomus paranaensis; Pesta, 1927: 68, figs. 1a-d; Brehm, 1965: 7, 8, 11. Notodiaptomus incompositus n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 197; 1956: 242; Brehm, 1938: 27, 29; Ringuelet, 1958a: 45, 47, 52; 1958b: 18, 22, 23, 24, 25; 1962: Habitat: Reservoirs, lakes, ponds. 87, 92; 1968: 265; Brandorff, 1972: 44; 1976: 616, 620, 621, 622, fig. 2; Bowman, 1973: 199; Paggi & Comments: Commenting on the distribution of this José de Paggi, 1974: tab. 1; 1990: 690, 692, tab. 2; species Wright (1935) stressed that “so far as is known, Pezzani, 1977: 139; José de Paggi, 1978: 150, tab. 1; 30 8 (1), 2008 1981: 199; Dussart, 1979: 6; Löffler, 1981: 15; Sauce Grande Lagoon; Alsina Lagoon; Cochicó Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 135; Dussart & Frutos, Lagoon; Del Pastero Lagoon; La Brava Lagoon; Los 1986: 306, 307; 1987: 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, pl. 3, Padres Lagoon; mouth of Sauce Grande stream figs. 13-16; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 6, 80, fig. 25a- (Ringuelet, in Olivier, 1955); Chascomus Lagoon d; José de Paggi & Paggi, 1988: 98; Reid & Moreno, (Wright, 1938a); Hoya del Plata (Ringuelet, 1962); 1990: 732; Reid, 1991: 738; Sendacz, 1993: 34, 35; Monteros Lagoon, Laprida (Brehm, 1965); La Brava Frutos, 1993: 112, tab. 3; Battistoni, 1995: 959; Lagoon, Mar del Plata (Brehm, 1965); artificial lake at Rocha et al., 1995: 155, 156; Santos-Silva, 1998: Balneario de Quilmes (Reid, 1991). Capital Federal: 210; Santos-Silva et al., 1999: 127; Bohrer & Araújo, Río Riachuelo at la Boca; Palermo (Brian, 1926); 1999: 92, 94, 95, figs. 1-4. Zoological Garden, in the city of Buenos Aires (Pesta, Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) incompositus; Dussart, 1985a: 201, 208. 1927). Chaco: Río Tragadero, Colonia Benitz (Brian, 1926); Resistencia (Brehm, 1965); Río de Oro (Dussart & Frutos, 1987). Corrientes: Laguna 1 (La Turbia), Distribution. BRASIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Lagoa dos Isla del Cerrito, Río Paraná and Laguna 2 (Los Pajaros), Patos (Montú & Gloeden, 1986; Bohrer & Araújo, Isla Nueva Cerrito, Río Paraná (Frutos, 1993). Entre 1999); Lagoa dos Quadros, Porto Alegre and Lagoa Ríos: Colón and Concepción, Río Uruguay (Brian, Negra, Viamão (Bohrer & Araújo, 1999). BOLIVIA. 1926). Formosa. Pilagá stream and Arroyo Salado Laguna Alalay, Cochabamba (present report), (Dussart & Frutos, 1987). Río Negro: Valcheta stream 17°23’43"S, 66°09’35"W. ARGENTINA. Middle (Ringuelet, 1958a). San Luis : 25 lagoons, in the Paraná River between the cities of Santa Fé and Paraná southern part of the province, the majority at Pedernera (Paggi & José de Paggi, 1974); main course of the (Wright, 1939); Tres Lagunas (Reid, 1991). Santa Fé: Paraná River between Santa Fe and Buenos Aires (José Fives Lille stream (Brehm, 1965); Resistencia Chaco de Paggi, 1978); Middle Paraná River (José de Paggi, (Brehm, 1965). URUGUAY. Soriano: Palmira, Río 1981; Paggi & José de Paggi, 1990). Buenos Aires: Río Uruguay (Brian, 1926). Montevideo: rainpools in the de La Plata, Tigre (Brian, 1926); Abra Nueva at Paraná Barra de Santa Lucia area, near Montevideo and Paso Delta, near Tigre (Pesta, 1927); Lago del Vivero, de Arena (Wright, 1938a). Palermo; roadside pool, three km south of Glew, on the road to San Vicent (Wright, 1938a); two localities near Habitat: Pools, ponds, shallow lakes. Dufaur; several localities near Buenos Aires (Wright, 1939); the following records were reported by Ringuelet Comments: The highest- altitude record of this species (1958a): Olivera between Luján and Mercedes; pool in is from Laguna Alalay, Cochabamba (2560 m above the Isla Maciel; pool near Del Gato stream; Río sea level), as far as could be found in the literature. Santiago; vicinity of La Plata; pond at La Plata; Amichetti pond at Los Talas; Carpincho Lagoon, Junín; Lagoon Alcollaradas de Bolívar; Lobos Lagoon; Las Notodiaptomus inflatus (Kiefer, 1933) Flores Grandes Lagoon; Saladillo stream at Atucha; (Fig. 6) Plaza Montero Lagoon at Las Flores; Monte Lagoon; Las Perdices Lagoon; Vitel Lagoon; pool at Chascomus; Adela Lagoon; Del Burro Lagoon; Chis “Diaptomus” inflatus Kiefer, 1933: 38, pl. 1, figs. 1-7; Brandorff, 1976: 618, fig. 3. Chis Lagoon; San Ramón Lagoon at Bragado; Diaptomus inflatus; Wright, 1936a: 79; 1937a: 76; Tapalqué stream; Camarón Grande Lagoon, Pila; El 1938b: 562; Thomasson, 1953: 194; Brehm, 1958a: Talita Lagoon; La Totora Lagoon; Del Estado Lagoon; 166; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 102. 31 Biol. Geral Exper. Notodiaptomus inflatus n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 197; 293, tabs. 7, 9; Tundisi et al., 1997: 425, 434, tab. 1956: 242; Brandorff, 1972: 45; Andrade & 11; Lansac-Tôha et al., 1997: 140, 141, tab. 3; Brandorff, 1975: 97; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Santos-Silva, 1998: 210. Defaye, 1983: 136; Dussart & Robertson, 1984: 391; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Rocha et Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) isabelae; Dussart, 1985a: 208. al., 1995: 154, 156; Santos-Silva et al., 1999: 127. Notodiaptomus (Wrightius) inflatus; Dussart, 1985a: 210. Distribution. BRASIL. Pernambuco: Two pools near Jatobá, both connected with Rio São Francisco at time of high water (Wright, 1936a); “açudes” (ponds) Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas : near Manaus (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986). Mato Grosso do Sul: (Kiefer, 1933). floodplain of Upper Paraná River, near Nova Andradina (Lansac-Tôha et al., 1992); Lake Pousada das Garças, Habitat: Rivers. floodplain of Upper Paraná River (Lansac-Tôha et al., 1995); Lake Guaraná and Baía River, floodplain of Comments: It is puzzling that no one has found this Paraná River (Lima et al., 1996); lakes Pato, Guaraná, species again near Manaus. Manaus and surroundings Pousada das Garças, Fechada, and rivers Baía, is one of the few areas that could be said to be well Ivinheima and Paraná (Lansac-Tôha et al., 1997). known compared to other areas in the Amazon region. Minas Gerais : Lagoa Bonita, Rio Doce valley This species might have been confused with another (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986); Rio Doce at Belo Oriente, one. If the IUCN index is applied, this species should near Ipatinga, upstream from its confluence with Rio be considered extinct. Santo Antônio (Bonecker et al., 1996); lakes Palmeiras, Almacega, Carvão, Azeite, Poço Fundo, Águas Claras, Jacaré, Ariranha, Palmeirinha and Ferrugem, Rio Doce Notodiaptomus isabelae (Wright, 1936) valley (Tundisi et al., 1997). São Paulo: lakes Comprida (Fig. 6) 1 and 2, Lake Jota in the Upper Paraná River (Sendacz, 1997). Paraná: floodplain of Upper Paraná River, near Diaptomus isabelae Wright, 1936a: 81, 82, pl.2, fig. 5; Porto Rico (Lansac-Tôha et al., 1992). ARGENTINA. 1937a: 76; 1938b: 563; Brehm, 1938: 30, 31; 1958a: Corrientes: Laguna Turbia, Isla del Cerrito, Río Paraná 143; Brandorff, 1972: 50; Reid, 1991: 740. (Dussart & Frutos, 1986). Santa Fé: Madrejón Don Notodiaptomus isabelae n. comb., Kiefer, 1956: 242; Felipe; Madrejón El Negro, Isla Carbajal; Santa Fé River Bowman, 1973: 199; Brandorff, 1976: 616, fig. 2; (Paggi, 1976a); Santa Fé River (José de Paggi & Paggi, Paggi, 1976a: 153, 154, figs. 1-25; Löffler, 1981: 15; 1988). Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 137; Dussart & Frutos, 1986: 307, figs. 3-6; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 542, Habitat: Pool, rivers, lakes. 547, 552, figs. 55-60, 100; Reid, 1987: 377, tab. 1; José de Paggi & Paggi, 1988: 101, tab. 2; Reid, 1991: 740; Lansac-Tôha et al., 1992: 43, 45, 47; Notodiaptomus jatobensis (Wright, 1936) Sendacz, 1993: 35; Frutos, 1993: 112: tab. 3: Lansac- (Fig. 6) Tôha et al., 1995: 73; Battistoni, 1995: 959; Rocha et al., 1995: 155, 156; Lima et al., 1996: 115, fig. 3; Diaptomus jatobensis Wright, 1936a: 82, pl. 2, fig. 4; Bonecker et al., 1996: 897, fig. 3; Sendacz, 1997: 1937a: 76; 1938b: 563; Brandorff, 1972: 50; Cipólli 624, 625, tab. 2; Rocha & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1997: & Carvalho, 1973: 95, 97, 98, 101, tab. 2; 32 8 (1), 2008 Reid, 1991: 740. “Diaptomus echinatus”; Defaye & Dussart, 1989: 113. Notodiaptomus jatobensis n. comb., Kiefer, 1956: 242; Brehm, 1958a: 145; Brandorff, 1976: 616, fig.2; Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas : Lago Catalão, Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 137; floodplain lake and Lago Janauari, near Manaus Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Matsumura- (Brandorff, 1972); Rio Solimões/Amazonas, Lago Tundisi, 1986: 542, 547, figs. 73-77, 100; Reid, 1987: Camaleão (Ilha da Marchantaria), Paraná do Rei; Lago 377; 1991: 740; Sendacz, 1993: 35; 1997: 624, 625, Catalão and Lago Janauari, Rio Negro, near Manaus tab. 2; Rocha et al., 1995: 155, 156; Santos-Silva, (Santos-Silva et al., 1989). Pará: Curuá-Una Reservoir, 1998: 211. 2°48’38"S, 54°18’55"W (Santos-Silva et al., 1989). Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) jatobensis ; Dussart, 1985a: 208. VENEZUELA. Amazonas : Rio Atabapo (Dussart, 1984a). Bolívar: Guri, man-made lake near the dam on Caroni River; Río Orinoco, right side, at Ciudad Bolívar Distribution. BRASIL. Pará: Igarapé (stream) Urubu, (Dussart, 1984a). between Tucuruí and Baião (Cipólli & Carvalho, 1973). Pernambuco: near Jatobá (Wright, 1936a). Bahia: Habitat: Lakes, reservoirs. pool at Itaparica Falls, on the Bahia side of Rio São Francisco (Wright, 1936a). Distrito Federal: Lago Comments: Defaye & Dussart (1989) found N. Paranoá at Brasília (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986). São echinatus (Lowndes, 1934) in French Guiana and Paulo: Ilha Solteira Reservoir and Paraná River considered N. kieferi Brandorff (1973b) as synonymous (Sendacz, 1998). Paraná: Itaipu Reservoir (Matsumura- with that species. They commented that “N. kieferi” Tundisi, 1986). reported by Dussart (1984a) in Venezuela is in reality the previously known N. echinatus (Lowndes, 1984). Habitat: Pools, lakes, reservoirs, streams. This was not an advisable attitude, because the type material of N. kieferi from Lago Catalão, near Manaus, Brasil was not examined, nor was the type material of Notodiaptomus kieferi Brandorff, 1973 (Fig. 7) N. echinatus. It seems prudent to accept N. kieferi as a valid species until this question is resolved. Notodiaptomus kieferi Brandorff, 1972: 4, 30, 50, figs. 40-48; 1973b: 205, 206, pl.1, figs. 1-6, pl. 2, figs. Notodiaptomus nordestinus (Wright, 1935) 1-5; 1976: 616, fig. 2; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: (Fig. 6) 97; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 138; Dussart, 1984a: 35, 38, 39, 49, fig. 7; Dussart Diaptomus nordestinus Wright, 1935: 213, 214-221, 222, & Robertson, 1984: 391; Hardy et al., 1984: 530; 224, 225, 226, 228, pl.1, figs. 1, 6-8, 10-14, pl. 2, figs. Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Defaye & 1, 2, 4; 1936a: 80; 1937a: 73, 76; 1938a: 300, 306; Dussart, 1989: 113; Magalhães et al., 1988: 271; 1938b: 562; Brehm, 1960: 50; Reid, 1991: 738, 740. Cicchino, 1994: 145, fig. 8; Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Notodiaptomus nordestinus n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: Santos-Silva et al., 1989: 726, 728, figs. 116-135. Notodiaptomus (Wrightius) kieferi; Dussart, 1985a: 210. Notodiaptomus echinatus Defaye & Dussart, 1989: 113. 197, fig. 5; 1956: 242; Löffler, 1963: 208; Brandorff, 1972: 45; 1976: 616, 621, fig. 2; Dussart, 1979: 6; 1984a: 46, 48, fig. 5B; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 137; Dussart & Frutos, 1987: 246; Cicchino et al., 1989: 101; Reid, 1991: 738, 740; 33 Biol. Geral Exper. Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Santos-Silva, 1998; 211; Santos-Silva et al., 1999: 127. Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) Diaptomus santaremensis Wright, 1927: 75, 82, 100, 102, pl. 2, figs. 6-9; 1937a: 76; 1938b: 562. nordestinus; Dussart, 1985a: 208. Notodiaptomus santaremensis n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 197; 1956: 242; Brehm, 1958a: 147; Brandorff, 1972: 45; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97; Dussart & Distribution. BRASIL. Ceará: Five waters in Rio Defaye, 1983: 136; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. Jaguaribe basin, four near Fortaleza, and one near 3; Santos-Silva et al., 1989: 726, 728, figs. 94-115; Sobral (Wright, 1938a). Paraíba : Açude Simão, Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Santos-Silva, 1998: 211; Campina Grande; pool near Campina Grande; Açude Santos-Silva et al., 1999: 127. Linda Flor, Mogeiro de Baixo, and Lapa, Campina Grande; pool, Cabedello (Wright, 1935; Reid, 1991). “Diaptomus” santaremensis; Brandorff, 1976: 618, fig. 3; Löffler, 1981: 15; Reid, 1991: 737. Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) santaremensis ; Habitat: Pools and man-mad lakes. Dussart, 1985a: 208. Comments: Found only near the coast. Santos-Silva Distribution. BRASIL. Pará: Lake near Santarém (1998) erroneously cited this species as occurring in (Wright, 1927); Marajó Island (Wright, 1938b); Curuá- Venezuela. Una Reservoir, 02°48’38"S, 54°18’55"W (Santos-Silva et al., 1989). Notodiaptomus paraensis Dussart & Robertson, 1984 Habitat: Lakes, reservoirs. (Fig. 7) Notodiaptomus paraensis Dussart & Robertson, 1984: Notodiaptomus spinuliferus Dussart & Matsumura- 389-394, figs. 1-3; Reid, 1987: 378; Magalhães et Tundisi (in Dussart, 1985a), 1985 al., 1988: 271; Santos-Silva et al., 1989: 726, 728, (Fig. 7) figs. 69-93; Rocha et al., 1995:156; Santos-Silva, 1998: 211. Notodiaptomus spinuliferus; Dussart, 1985a: 208, fig. Notodiaptomus (Wrightius) paraensis; Dussart, 1985a: 210, fig. 7. 6; Dussart & Frutos, 1986: 307, 308; Dussart & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 250, fig. 1; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 537, figs. 34-37, 100; Distribution. BRASIL. Pará: “Stations” south of Reid, 1987: 377; José de Paggi & Paggi, 1988: 101, Santarém (Dussart & Robertson, 1984; Dussart, tab. 2; Sendacz, 1993: 35; 1997: 624, 625, tab. 2; 1985a); Curuá-Una Reservoir, 02°48’38"S, Frutos, 1993: 112, tab. 3; Battistoni, 1995: 959; 54°18’55"W (Dussart, 1985a; Santos-Silva et al., Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Lansac-Tôha et al., 1997: 1989). 140, tab. 3; Santos-Silva, 1998: 212. Notodiaptomus cf. spinuliferus; Reid & Moreno, 1990: Habitat: Reservoir, rivers. 726, 729, 730, tabs. 2, 3. Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) spinuliferus; Dussart, 1985a: 208. Notodiaptomus santaremensis (Wright, 1927) (Fig. 7) Distribution. BRASIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Southern Pantanal, region of Corumbá, Rio Paraguay: near 34 8 (1), 2008 Marinha Ladário (19°02’S, 57°34’W), near Port, near Notodiaptomus Corumbá’s entrance, 2nd access, Corumbá (19°00’S, (Caleodiaptomus) transitans; Dussart, 1985a: 214. 57°40’W); Rio Capivari: Fazenda Berenice (Reid & Moreno, 1990); Lake Guaraná and Paraná River Distribution. BRASIL. São Paulo: Capivara Reservoir, (Lansac-Tôha et al., 1997). São Paulo: Ilha Solteira Paranapanema River basin (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986). Reservoir (Dussart & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986; Paraná: Itaipu Reservoir (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986). Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986; Sendacz, 1997). Paraná: PARAGUAY. (Kiefer, 1929). ARGENTINA. Chaco: Río Itaipu Reservoir (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986); Paraná de Oro (Dussart & Frutos, 1987). Córdoba: (Wright, River and Jupiá Reservoir (Sendacz, 1997). 1938b); Lago Embalse Río Tercero; Lago Embalse San ARGENTINA. Corrientes: (Dussart & Frutos, 1986); Roque; lake at Parque Sarmiento; city of Córdoba Laguna 1 (La Turbia), Isla del Cerrito, Río Paraná and (Wright, 1939); San Marcos (Brehm, 1956b); Embalse Laguna 2 (Los Pajaros), Isla Nueva Cerrito, Río Paraná San Roque, Río Primero (Reid, 1991). (Frutos, 1993). Santa Fé: Río Salado, Laguna Juan de Garay, near Santo Tomé (José de Paggi & Paggi, Habitat: Lakes, reservoirs. 1988). Comments: Brehm (1956b) described as Diaptomus Habitat: Lakes, reservoirs. pygmaeus a very small species collected together with Argyrodiaptomus denticulatus from San Marcos, Córdoba, Argentina. Later Brehm (1960) recognized Notodiaptomus transitans (Kiefer, 1929) that he could not use the name because it was (Fig. 7) preoccupied by Diaptomus pygmaeus, Pearse, 1906, and renamed the species Diaptomus mildredae in Diaptomus transitans Kiefer, 1929: 307, figs. 4a-d; honor of Mildred S. Wilson. Dussart (1984b) pointed Wright, 1938b: 562; 1939: 648; Brehm, 1958a: 167; out that the “Diaptomus” mildredae described by Brandorff, 1972: 52; Dussart, 1984b: 255; Forró, Brehm (1956b) is the same species described by Kiefer 1986: 560, tab. 1; Reid, 1991: 738. (1929) as Diaptomus transitans. In 1985a, Dussart Diaptomus pygmaeus (non Pearse, 1906) Brehm, 1956b: reaffirmed this idea and included N. transitans with N. 543-545, figs. (Abb.) 4-7; 1960: 52; Dussart & coniferoides in his proposed new subgenus Defaye, 1983: 64. Caleodiaptomus. Diaptomus s.l. mildredae Brehm, 1960: 52-54, figs. 114116; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 64; Brandorff, 1972: 51; 1976: 618, fig. 3; Dussart, 1984b: 255; 1985a: Genus Odontodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 201. Notodiaptomus transitans n. comb., Ringuelet, 1958a: Nowadays this genus consists of three South 45, 46, 54; Brandorff, 1976: 616, fig. 2; Löffler, American species: Odontodiaptomus michaelseni 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 136; Dussart & (Mrázek, 1901), O. thomseni (Brehm, 1933), and O. Frutos, 1986: 306, 307; 1987: 244, 245, 246; paulistanus Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: 537, 542, figs. 38-42, commenting on the relationships of Diaptomus species 100; Reid, 1991: 738; Battistoni, 1995: 959; Rocha in South America, noted that only one species et al., 1995: 156. (Diaptomus michaelseni) resembles North American “Diaptomus” transitans; Brandorff, 1978a: 298; Dussart, 1985a: 201. (Wright, 1936). Wright (1927), forms. It has some points in common with members of the albuquerquensis group, particularly D. Biol. Geral Exper. 35 asymmetricus Marsh, 1907. Wright (1927) stated “that 1958c: 576; Brandorff, 1972: 51; Paggi, 1976b: 91; the degree of resemblance is such that they Reid, 1991: 740. undoubtedly would be placed in the same group if Odontodiaptomus paulistanus n. comb., Brandorff, they occupied the same general area. They are, 1976: 616, fig. 3; Dussart, 1979: 8; Löffler, 1981: however, widely separated, D. asymmetricus being 15; Sendacz & Kubo, 1982: 54, 58, 61, figs. 9-14, found in Cuba and D. michaelseni near Buenos Aires tab. 3; 1999: 526; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 140; in Argentina.” Brehm (1933c), describing Diaptomus 1995: 169; Arcifa, 1984: 138-140, 143, tabs. 2, 3, 7; thomseni, discussed its relationship with Diaptomus Sendacz et al., 1985: 190, 193, 196, 199, 203, 205, michaelseni if the criteria established in Wright’s key 207, tabs. 4, 8, 10, 12; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986: (1927) are used. 537, figs. 9-12, 100; Reid et al., 1988: 533, 536, fig. When Wright (1936a) described Diaptomus 2; Reid, 1991: 740; Santos-Silva & Robertson, 1993: paulistanus, the only species up to now recorded from 104; Rocha et al., 1995: 156; Lopes et al., 1997: 45, Brasil, had noted the close relationship among D. tab. 1c; Santos-Silva, 1998: 212; Carvalho & thomseni Brehm (1933), D. michaelseni Mrázek Sendacz, 1998: 1525. (1901), and D. paulistanus. On that occasion he designated the three as the “thomseni group” until a Notodiaptomus paulistanus n. comb., Dussart, 1985a: 214. formal subdivision of the South American species could be proposed. Kiefer Distribution. BRASIL. Minas Gerais: Artificial lake in (1936a) proposed the name the city of Juiz de Fora (Wright, 1936a, 1937a). São Odontodiaptomus as a new genus, and included only Paulo: taken in five localities near the city of São Paulo: Diaptomus thomseni (Brehm, 1933) in it, because it is Rio Grande Reservoir, artificial lakes near the village a very remarkable species representing a particular of Santo Amaro, basin of ornamental fountain in the evolutionary lineage among the South American Jardim da Luz, Cubatão River in the village of the same diaptomids. Wright (1937a) again emphasized the close name (Wright, 1936a, 1937a); Guarapiranga Reservoir relationship among D. paulistanus, D. thomseni, and (Wright, 1937a; Sendacz et al., 1985; Matsumura- D. michaelseni. Brehm (1958b) included D. michaelseni Tundisi, 1986; Sendacz & Kubo, 1999); Águas Claras in the genus Odontodiaptomus, although he did not and Juqueri reservoirs (Sendacz & Kubo, 1982; state clearly the status of D. paulistanus as a member Sendacz et al., 1985); Ponte Nova Reservoir, Rio Tietê of this genus. In 1976, Brandorff included D. basin (Sendacz et al., 1985); Fumaça, França, Alecrim, paulistanus in the genus Odontodiaptomus, together and Serraria reservoirs, Rio Ribeira do Iguape basin with the two species already listed by Brehm (1958b). (Sendacz et al., 1985); Billings Reservoir (Matsumura- Up to now this genus is restricted to the Tundisi, 1986); Ribeirão do Campo and Santa Branca southern part of the continent, and only reservoirs (Arcifa, 1984); Porto Seguro pond, Paraíba Odontodiaptomus paulistanus occurs in Brasil. do Sul River (Carvalho & Sendacz, 1998). Paraná: River Iguaçu basin, Segredo Reservoir, sampling site Areia (Lopes et al., 1997). Odontodiaptomus paulistanus (Wright, 1936) (Fig.2) Habitat: Man-made lakes, pond. Diaptomus paulistanus Wright, 1936a: 83, pl. 2, figs. Comments: Segredo Reservoir, Iguaçu basin, Paraná, 1-3; 1937a: 66, 67, 71, 78, pl. 1, figs. 1-7, pl. 2, fig. 2; is the southernmost recorded location of this species 1938b: 563; Brehm, 1958a: 164; 1958b: 2, 3, 4, 5; in Brasil. 36 8 (1), 2008 Genus Rhacodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 Robertson, 1993); Lago Jacaré near Samuel Reservoir (present report). Wright (1927), when describing the first three species nowadays included in this genus, noted that Habitat: Lakes, streams. “the most distinct and homogeneous group is that composed of Diaptomus insolitus, D. calamensis and Comments: This species is widely distributed in the D. flexipes. Their relationship is obvious.” Kiefer Amazon region, but is restricted to clear- and (1936a) raised this group to generic level. Rhaco means blackwaters, or lakes that receive sediment-rich lobe, and Kiefer named them Rhacodiaptomus “white” water which later settles to the bottom. because of the lobed genital double somite of the females. Brandorff (1976) described two new species, expanded the list of characteristics of the genus, and Rhacodiaptomus calamensis (Wright, 1927) provided separate keys for males and females. (Fig. 8) Subsequently two new species have been described: R. ringueleti Cicchino & Dussart, 1991, from the Diaptomus calamensis Wright, 1927: 75, 85, 100, 102, Orinoco basin, and R. besti Santos-Silva & Robertson, pl. 4, figs. 7-8, pl. 5, figs. 1-4; 1938b: 562; Brehm, 1993, from the Brasilian Amazon. Santos-Silva & 1933a: 284, 287; 1933b: 298, 300. Robertson (1993) expanded the generic diagnosis by Rhacodiaptomus calamensis n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: using all appendages. They stressed that only by more 198; Brehm, 1958a: 165; Brandorff, 1972: 6, 8, detailed morphological analysis of each species can 13-16, 46, figs. 5-10; 1973a: 341-343, 347, 350-353, the knowledge of this genus be improved, allowing pl. 1, figs. 1c, 2c, 3c, 4c, pl. l 3, figs. 1 a-o, pl. l 4, further inter- and intrageneric comparative studies. figs. 1 a-f; 1976: 618, fig. 3; Andrade & Brandorff, Except for R. ringueleti, the Amazon basin houses all 1975: 97; Löffler, 1981: 15; Brandorff et al., 1982: the species of genus. 76; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 139; 1995: 169; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Arcifa, 1984: 143, tab. 7; Cicchino & Dussart, 1991: 105; Reid, 1991: Rhacodiaptomus besti Santos-Silva & Robertson, 740; Santos-Silva & Robertson, 1993: 95; Rocha 1993 et al., 1995: tab. II; Santos-Silva, 1998: 212. (Fig. 8) Rhacodiaptomus besti Santos-Silva & Robertson, Distribution. BRASIL. Pará: Santarém, 02°24’S, 1993: figs. 1-29; Rocha et al., 1995: 157, tab. II; 54°44’W (Wright, 1927); Lago Jurucuí, Rio Tapajós, Santos-Silva, 1998: 212. near the village of Alter-do-Chão (Brandorff, 1973a); Rio Maró, about 3 km downstream from the waterfall; Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas : Lago Amanã, Igarapé Mentai, Lago da Boca; Rio Arapiuns, mouth 02°38’S, 64°38’W (Santos-Silva & Robertson, 1993); of Igarapé Curi; Rio Arapiuns downstream from Ponta Rio Maués-Mirim, bay mouth, 03°20’S, 57°41’W; Rio do Gurupá; Rio Arapiuns, bay above Ponta Icuxí Negro, in Tupuruquara, 0°26’S, 65°09’W; Lago (present report); Rio Tapajós, above Ponta da Maria Mamirauá, Tefé; Paraná do Rei, Careiro Island, Rio José; Rio Tapajós, near Santarém, 2°24’S, 54°44’W; Amazonas, near Manaus (present paper). Pará: Lago Lago Muretá, Rio Tapajós, near the Village of Alter- Abui, Rio Trombetas; Lago Leonardo, Rio Trombetas; do-Chão; Lago Verde in the village of Alter-do-Chão; Lago Verde, Rio Tapajós (present report). Rondônia: Alter-do-Chão, Rio Tapajós (present report). Rondônia: Igarapé São Pedro, 09°36’S, 63°37’W (Santos-Silva & Calama, Rio Madeira, 08°03’S, 62°52’W (Wright, 1927); 37 Biol. Geral Exper. Lago Aimin, Rio Machado/Ji-Paraná, near Calama; Rhacodiaptomus flexipes (Wright, 1927) Lago Cururu, Rio Machado/Ji-Paraná, near Calama (Fig. 8) (present report). Mato Grosso: Lago Genipapo, Rio Aripuanã (present report). Diaptomus flexipes Wright, 1927: 75, 87, 100, 102, pl. 5, figs. 5-12; 1938b: 562; Brehm, 1933a: 284; Habitat: Lakes. Thomasson, 1953: 194. Rhacodiaptomus flexipes n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 198; Brehm, 1958a: 165; Brandorff, 1972: 46; 1973a: 341- Rhacodiaptomus calatus Brandorff, 1973 343, 350-353, pl. 1, figs. 1e, 2e, 3e, 4e, pl. 2, figs. 1 a- (Fig. 8) g; 1976: 618, fig. 3; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 139; Rhacodiaptomus calatus Brandorff, 1973a: 345-347, Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Cicchino & 350-353, pl. 1, figs. 1d, 2d, 3d, pl. 4, figs. 2 a-c, pl. Dussart, 1991: 105; Reid, 1991: 737-738; Santos- 5, figs. 1c-d, f-k (description of female: 345-346, Silva & Robertson, 1993: 95; Rocha et al., 1995: pl. 1, figs. 4 d, pl. 4, figs. 2 d-e, pl. 5, figs. 1 a-b, 1e tab. 2; Santos-Silva, 1998: 213. = Notodiaptomus sp.); 1976: 618, fig. 3; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97; Löffler, 1981: 15; Dussart & Distribution. BRASIL. Pará: Bayou West of Santarém Defaye, 1983: 139; Dussart, 1984a: (34-35, 38-39, (Wright, 1927); Igarapé Mentai, Lago da Boca (present 55, fig.10 = Notodiaptomus sp.); Hardy et al., 1984: report). 530; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Magalhães et al., 1988: 271; Cicchino & Dussart, 1991: 105, Habitat: Lake, river, and stream. 108; Santos-Silva, 1991: 33, 35, 57-59, 67-68, 76, fig. 13-19, 20, tab 4-5; 1998: 213; Santos-Silva & Robertson, 1993: 95, 100; Cicchino, 1994: 145, fig. Rhacodiaptomus insolitus (Wright, 1927) 10 (= Notodiaptomus sp.); Twombly, 1994: 236, (Fig. 8) 239, 245; Rocha et al., 1995: tab. 2. Diaptomus insolitus Wright, 1927: 75, 84, 100, 102, pl.4, Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Lago Calado, near figs. 1-6; 1938b: 562. Brehm, 1933a: 284. the city of Manacapurú, 03°19’S, 60°35’W (Brandorff, Rhacodiaptomus insolitus n. comb., Kiefer, 1936a: 198; 1973a); Lago Grande de Manacapurú; Lago Cristalino, Brehm, 1958a: 166; Brandorff, 1972: 46 (3, 4, 9, 16- Rio Negro, near the city of Manaus (present report). 20, figs. 11-18 = R. retroflexus); 1973a: 341-343, Rondônia: Lago Boa Viagem near Samuel Reservoir 350-353, pl. 1, figs. 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, pl. 2, figs. 1 a- (present report). f; 1973b: 206 (= R. retroflexus); 1976: 618, fig. 3; Andrade & Brandorff, 1975: 97; Löffler, 1981: 15; Habitat: Lakes. Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 139; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: tab. 3; Cicchino & Dussart, 1991: 105; Santos- Comments: All records of this species from Venezuela Silva & Robertson, 1993: 95, 101; Rocha et al., are incorrect. The female described as R. calatus 1995: tab. 2; Santos-Silva, 1998: 213. (Brandorff, 1973a) was incorrectly assigned to this species, and belongs to Notodiaptomus (Cicchino et Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Lago I, near Balbina al., in press). The male of R. calatus has never been Reservoir, Rio Uatumã (this paper). Pará: Igarapé found in Venezuela. Mentai, Lago da Boca (present report). Rondônia: small 38 8 (1), 2008 lake near Calama and Rio Machado/Ji-Paraná (Wright, Habitat: Rivers and lakes, mostly black and clear 1927); lakes Paracuúba, Cururú, and Curumim, Rio waters. Machado/Ji-Paraná and Igarapé do Chico Paiva, all near Calama (present report). Mato Grosso: Lago Genipapo, Rio Aripuanã (present report). Habitat: Lakes, rivers, and stream. Genus Scolodiaptomus Reid, 1987 This genus was erected by Reid (1987) for a species long assigned to the genus-group Diaptomus s. l., “Diaptomus” corderoi Wright, 1936. Wright Rhacodiaptomus retroflexus Brandorff, 1973 (1936a) furnished a brief description, and apparently (Fig. 8) did not deposit specimens. Topotypes (Lagoa Santa, near Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brasil) Rhacodiaptomus retroflexus Brandorff, 1973a: 348- have been deposited at National Museum of Natural 353, pl. 1, figs. 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, pl. 5, figs. 2a-c, pl. History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 6, figs. 1a-o; 1976: 618, fig. 3; Andrade & Brandorff, (U.S.A.) and at the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade 1975: 97; Löffler, 1981: 15; Brandorff et al., 1982: de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil (Reid, 1987). Reid (1987) 76, tab. 4; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 139; Hardy et rejected the proposition of Kiefer (1956) and Dussart al., 1984: 530; Robertson & Hardy, 1984: 347, tab (1984a, 1985a) to allocate this species to the genus 3; Arcifa, 1984: 143, tab. 7; Matsumura-Tundisi, Notodiaptomus. For more detailed accounts of the 1986: 547, 551, figs. 95-99; Magalhães et al., 1988: historical background, distribution, and ecological 271; Cicchino & Dussart, 1991: 105; Santos-Silva requirements of this species see Reid (1987) and Reid & Robertson, 1993: 95, 101; Rocha et al., 1995: & Pinto-Coelho (1994). tab. 2; Santos-Silva, 1998: 213. Rhacodiaptomus cf. retroflexus; Bozelli, 1992: 254, 257, tab. 6. Scolodiaptomus corderoi (Wright, 1936) (Fig. 9) Distribution. BRASIL. Amazonas: Lago Janauarí, Rio Negro, near Manaus 03°14’S, 60°01’W; Rio Negro, near Diaptomus corderoi Wright, 1936a: 82, pl. 1, figs. 3-5; Manaus, 03°07’S, 60°03’W; Rio Maués-Mirim, mouth, 1938b: 563; Kleerekoper, 1944: 43; Brandorff, 1972: 03°20’S, 57°41’W (Brandorff, 1973a); Lago Cristalino, 48; Cipólli, 1973: 567-612, pls. 1-12; Gouvêa, 1980: Rio Negro, near Manaus, 03°06’S, 60°13’W; Lago 1047, 1050, 1051, 1058, 1059; Okano, 1980: 52-56, Baixote, Rio Negro, near Manaus, 02°57’S, 60°28’W; 59, 62-80, 143-155, fig. 9, tab. 3, sch. 1; Tundisi & Rio Tarumã-Mirim 03°01’S, 60°11’W; Lago Tupé, Rio Matsumura-Tundisi, 1981: 206; Sendacz & Kubo, Negro, near Manaus (present report). Pará: Lago da 1982: 54, 58, 61, figs. 15-19, tab. 3; 1999: 517, 526; Terra Santa, 02°08’S, 56°28’W; Rio Maracaná, 02°10’S, Arcifa, 1984: 138-140, 143, tabs. 2, 3, 7; Sendacz, 56°36’W; Rio Daquiri, 02°08’S, 56°44’W (Brandorff et 1984: 125, 126; Sendacz et al., 1984: 1629; 1985: al., 1982); Lago Muretá, Rio Tapajós, near the village 190, 193, 196, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, tabs. 4, 6, 8, of Alter-do-Chão; Rio Tapajós, Pindobal (present 10, 12; Freire & Pinto-Coelho, 1986: 923, 926, tab. report); Rio Trombetas; Lago Batata, Rio Trombetas, 1; Reid, 1991: 740; Jersabek et al., 1996: 2028, 2030, 01°30’S, 56°20’W; Lago Mussurá, Rio Trombetas, 2059; Fukuhara et al., 1997: 351; Pinto-Coelho et 01°15’S, 56°20W (Bozelli, 1992). al., 1999: 562, 563;. “Diaptomus” corderoi; Brandorff, 1976: 618, fig.3; 39 Biol. Geral Exper. Löffler, 1981: 15; Matsumura-Tundisi & Okano, Tundisi, 1985; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1997; Matsumura- 1983: 35, 37, 38; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1985: 130- Tundisi et al., 1997 (373-390); 1997 (297-307); 1997 (275- 132, 137, fig. 2; 1986: 547, 548, 551, 552, figs. 86-88; 284); Rocha & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1997; Fukuhara et Matsumura-Tundisi & Tundisi, 1986: 36-39, tabs. al., 1997); Pampulha and Vargem das Flores reservoirs, 1, 2; Matsumura-Tundisi et al., 1997: 283, tab. 4; Lagoa Sumidouro (Reid et al., 1988); Furnas Reservoir, 1997: 384, tab.4. at Rio Turvo bridge and Porto Fernandes, Pontal Diaptomus s. l. corderoi; Reid et al., 1988: 527-528, Reservoir (Reid & Pinto-Coelho, 1994); Pontal 531, 533, 535-537, fig. 2; Pinto-Coelho et al., 1988: Reservoir, Itabira (Dabés et al., 1990); Volta Grande 605-620. Reservoir (Rolla et al., 1990; Giani et al., 1986); Rio Diaptomus sp.; Barbosa et al., 1984: 403. Grande, 19°45'-20°15’S and 47°15’W (Rolla et al., 1992); Notodiaptomus corderoi n. comb., Kiefer, 1956: 242; Lagoa da Pampulha (19°55’09"S and 43°56’47"W), Belo Brehm, 1958a: 147; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 137, Horizonte (Pinto-Coelho et al., 1999). São Paulo: 138; Dussart, 1984a: 64. Artificial lake on the campus of the University of São Notodiaptomus (Notodiaptomus) corderoi; Dussart, 1985a: 208. Paulo, Cidade Universitária (Cipólli, 1973); Rio Tietê basin, Guarapiranga, Parque Ecológico, Águas Claras Scolodiaptomus corderoi n. comb., Reid, 1987: 364- and Juqueri reservoirs (Sendacz & Kubo, 1982; 372, 378, figs. 32-59; 1990: 141, 146; 1991: 740, Sendacz et al., 1985); Jaguari, Paraibuna, Paraitinga, tab. 3; Dabés et al., 1990: 186-188, tab. 7; Reid & and Taiaçupeba reservoirs (Arcifa, 1984); Itupeva Moreno, 1990: 734; Rolla et al., 1992: 149, 156, tab. Reservoir, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin (Sendacz et al., 5; Reid & Pinto-Coelho, 1994: 93, 95, 98, 99, 100- 1985); Barra Bonita Reservoir, Rio Tietê (Matsumura- 102; Tundisi & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1994: 25; Tundisi, 1986); Billings Reservoir (Sendacz, 1984; 1995a: 252; Dussart & Defaye, 1995: 173, L69; Sendacz & Kubo, 1999); Rio Grande Reservoir Matsumura-Tundisi & Tundisi, 1995: 252; Rocha (Sendacz et al., 1984). Paraná: Itaipu Reservoir et al., 1995: 157; Matsumura-Tundisi, 1997: 266- (Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986). 268, fig. 2; Matsumura-Tundisi et al., 1997: 275277, 279, 280, 282, 283, tabs. 2, 4; Rocha & Habitat: Lakes, reservoirs. Matsumura-Tundisi, 1997: 286, 291, 294, tab. 10; Matsumura-Tundisi et al., 1997: 300-304, 306, fig. 5; Santos-Silva, 1998: 214. FAMILY PSEUDODIAPTOMIDAE Scolodiaptonus corderoi; Rolla et al., 1990: 241, tab. 6. [error] Scaladiaptomus corderoi; Rocha & MatsumuraTundisi, 1997: 291, 292, tabs. 6, 7. [error] Scoladiaptomus corderoi; Rocha & MatsumuraTundisi, 1997: 293, tab. 8. [error] This family of demersal copepods, erected by Sars (1903), is circumglobal in tropical and temperate shallow coastal waters (Walter, 1989). Only four native species in one genus (Pseudodiaptomus) occur in Brasil. “Scolodiaptomus” corderoi; Matsumura-Tundisi et al., 1997: 387. Genus Pseudodiaptomus Herrick, 1884 Distribution. BRASIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, about 50 km north of Belo Horizonte (Wright, 1936a); The genus was established by Herrick (1884) Lago Dom Helvécio, 19°10’S, 42°01’W (Matsumura- when he described P. pelagicus from specimens Tundisi & Okano, 1983; Okano, 1980; Matsumura- collected in brackish waters near the mouth of the 40 8 (1), 2008 Mississippi River. This is the type-species of the Pseudodiaptomus acutus (Dahl, 1894) genus, but unfortunately no material was deposited (Fig. 10) and the description was not completely accurate. Until Walter’s New World revision (1989), 71 species were Weismannella acuta Dahl, 1894: 10-11, pl. 1, figs. 9-11. reported worldwide (Walter, 1986a,b, 1987), 14 species Schmackeria acutus n. comb., Poppe & Mrázek, 1895: were recorded from American waters, and 4 species from Brasil. 127. Pseudodiaptomus acutus n. comb., Giesbrecht & Dahl (1894) described three species (P. gracilis, Schmeil, 1898: 64; Tollinger, 1911: 174, 268-9, fig. P. richardi, and P. acutus) from waters near Belém, L; Marsh, 1933: 30, pl. 15, figs. 1, 2, 4; Wright, state of Pará, but he assigned them to the genus 1928: 588; 1936b: 10-13, pl. 2, figs. 5-6, pl. 3, fig. 8; Weismannella Dahl, 1894. 1937b: 159-161, pl. 1, fig. 4; Carvalho, 1945: 95-96, Tollinger (1911) presented the known world pl. 8, fig. 7a-c; 1952: 146, pl. 1, figs. 20-24; distribution of the genus. The first revision of the Björnberg, 1963: 45; 1968: 76-88, figs. 15-19; 1981: South American Pseudodiaptomus species was by 646, fig. 214(4); Gaudy, 1963: 25; Cervigón & Wright (1936b). He described a new species, Marcano, 1967: 268, tabs. 7, 10; Bowman, 1978: Pseudodiaptomus marshi, from the estuary of Rio 249-252, figs. 1-2; Montú, 1980: 57, tab. 1; Capibaribe at Recife, state of Pernambuco. On that Campaner, 1981: 281; 1985: 10; Paranaguá, 1982: occasion Wright also reviewed the known distribution 90; Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 29-30; Jacoby & of the species. Walter (1989) revised the New World Youngbluth, 1983: 77, 79-85, figs. 1A, 2A, D, tabs. species of Pseudodiaptomus with a key to the species, 1-3; Almeida Prado Por & Lansac-Tôha, 1984: 148, including four species occurring in Brasil. 149, tab. 1; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 79, fig. 24a-c; In 1991, the species Pseudodiaptomus 1998: 185; Valentin et al., 1987: 1202; Walter, 1989: triahamatus Wright, 1937 was collected from 615-618, 623, 624, figs. 14A-H, 15A-B, 18; Araújo aquaculture ponds in the estuary of the Potengi River, et al., 1990: 283; Bonecker et al., 1990: 384; Vega- Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte. This was the first Pérez, 1993: 67; Valentin, 1994: 30; Neumann-Leitão record of the species in the Atlantic (Medeiros et al., & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1998: 1985; Mauchline, 1991). This species was previously known to occur 1998: 26, 115, 307, 345, 508; Bohrer & Araújo, 1999: only in the Indo-Pacific region (Walter, 1984; 1986b). 93, 97; Pereira & Loureiro Fernandes, 2000: 85, 87, Probably the species was introduced accidentally with tab. 1. the prawn Penaeus monodon Fabricius, imported from the Philippines in 1987 for aquaculture. Distribution. BRASIL. Pará: Brackish water at the Representatives of this genus have been found mouth of Rio do Pará (Dahl, 1894); Marajó Bay, Cabo in salt, brackish, and fresh waters. In the present article Maguari (Walter, 1989). Maranhão: Baía de São Marco the main concern is with Brasilian species, and useful and São Luiz (Wright, 1936b). Paraíba: estuary of Rio references are the articles of Dahl (1894), Wright Paraíba, at Cabedelo (Wright, 1936b). Pernambuco: (1936b), Walter (1986a,b, 1987, 1989), and Montú & estuary of Rio Capibaribe at Recife (Wright, 1936b); Gloeden (1998). The works of Tollinger (1911), Suape coastal estuarine complex (08°15'-08°30’S, Burckhardt (1913), Marsh (1933), Brehm (1934), Wright 34°55'-35°05’W), 40 km south of Recife (Neumann- (1936b), Dussart & Defaye (1983; 1995), and Walter Leitão & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1998). Sergipe: Piaui (1986a,b, 1987, 1989) provide more extensive River (Walter, 1989). Espírito Santo: Lagoon on the information about this family worldwide. campus of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória (Pereira & Loureiro Fernandes, 2000). Rio de 41 Biol. Geral Exper. Janeiro: Baía de Guanabara (Wright, 1936b). São the Rio Tapajós joins the Amazon (Wright, 1928); Paulo: estuaries near Santos (Wright, 1936b). Rio several sites between the mainland at Belém and Grande do Sul: Estuary of Lagoa dos Patos (Bohrer & Marajó Island (Rio do Pará); up Rio Tocantins as far Araújo, 1999). JAMAICA. St. Catherine Parish (Walter, as Cametá; Rio and Lago Arary, Marajó (Wright, 1936b); 1989). VENEZUELA. Coche Island (Walter, 1989). Marajó Bay, Rio Guamá; Capim River; Belém Harbor, SURINAME. 06°09.2’N, 54°21.5’W (Walter, 1989). 01°27.8’S, 48°29.2’W (Walter, 1989). VENEZUELA. Monagas: Caño lateral, Río Orinoco at Barrancas Habitat: Brackish estuarine, and coastal waters. (Dussart, 1984a). Comments: Walter (1989) extended the range of this Habitat: Brackish estuarine waters, rivers, and species to the Caribbean Island arc with a record from freshwater lakes. Jamaica, and from Suriname and Venezuela to southern Brasil. Wright (1936b) commented that this species Comments: Santarém, where Wright (1928) reported was reported occurring in rather high salinity locations, this species, is very far from the coast, with no and apparently it does not live in the open ocean or in influence of salinity from seawater. Walter (1989) water of very low salinity. observed that this species is typically found in low to very low saline inland waters, though after heavy rains it might be flushed seaward. Before Dussart (1984a) Pseudodiaptomus gracilis (Dahl, 1894) found it at Barrancas, all reports indicated that this (Fig. 10) species was endemic to the Brasilian Amazon region. Weismannella gracilis Dahl, 1894: 10-11, pl. 1, figs. 1214. Pseudodiaptomus marshi Wright, 1936 Schmackeria gracilis n. comb., Poppe & Mrázek, 1895: (Fig. 10) 127. Pseudodiaptomus gracilis n. comb., Giesbrecht & Pseudodiaptomus marshi Wright, 1936b: 13-15, pl. 3, Schmeil, 1898: 65; Stingelin, 1904: 588; Tollinger, figs. 1-5, 7; 1937b: 159-161, pl. 1, figs. 6-7; Bacon, 1911: 176, 268-9, fig. N; Wright, 1928: 589-592, text 1971: 85, tab. 2; Björnberg, 1981: 645-646, fig. figs. 1-2, pl. 12, fig. 4; 1936b: 3-6, pl. 1, figs. 1-8; 216(3); Dussart & Defaye, 1983: 33; Dussart, 1984a: Marsh, 1933: 35-36, pl. 18, figs. 4-6; Brehm, 1934: 63; Dussart & Fernando, 1985: 39-41, figs. 1-9; 93; Cipólli & Carvalho, 1973: 97-98, 100; Björnberg, Almeida Prado Por & Lansac-Tôha, 1984: 148; 1981: 645-646, fig. 216 (2); Dussart & Defaye, 1983: Walter, 1989: 604-606, 623, 624, figs. 8A-J, 18; 30; Dussart, 1984a: 27, 43, fig. 2; Almeida Prado Neumann-Leitão & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1998: Por & Lansac-Tôha, 1984: 148, 149, tab. 1; Walter, 1985; Mauchline, 1998: 116; Montú & Gloeden, 1989: 610-12, 623, 624, figs. 11A-I, 18; Mauchline, 1998: 185; Pereira & Loureiro Fernandes, 2000: 85, 1998: 116; Montú & Gloeden, 1998: 185. 87, tab. 1. Pseudodiaptomus culebrensis Collado et al., 1984: 116, Distribution: BRASIL. Pará: Marajó Bay, at the mouth tab. 3. of Rio Tocantins, in fresh or nearly fresh water (Dahl, 1894); brackish water in Furo Santa Isabel, Marajó Distribution: BRASIL. Maranhão: Baía de São Marco Island (Stingelin, 1904); fresh water in Lago Arary and at São Luiz (Wright, 1936b). Ceará: estuary of Rio Rio Arama, Marajó; bayou west of Santarém, where Jaguaribe at Aracati (Wright, 1936b). Pernambuco: 42 8 (1), 2008 estuary of Rio Capibaribe at Recife (Wright, 1936b); 1989: 618-21, 623, 624, figs. 16A-I, 18; Gaeta, 1994: Suape coastal estuarine complex (08°15'-08°30’S, 96; Mauchline, 1998: 116; Bohrer & Araújo, 1999: 34°55'-35°05’W), 40 km south of Recife (Neumann- 93, 96, 97, figs. 8-10; Pereira & Loureiro Fernandes, Leitão & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1998). Sergipe : 2000: 85, 87, tab. 1. Pomonga River (Walter, 1989). Espírito Santo: Lagoon Pseudodiaptomus richardi inaequalis Brian, 1926: in the campus of the Universidade Federal do Espírito 187-188, figs. 15-16; Ringuelet, 1958a: 56; Cicchino, Santo, Vitória (Pereira & Loureiro Fernandes, 2000). 1975: 37-49, figs. 1-63; Battistoni, 1995: 955, 959, BELIZE: Southern Lagoon, 17°13.2’N, 88°15.5’W (Walter, 1989). COSTA RICA: Limon (Walter, 1989). TRINIDAD: Caroni Swamp (Walter, 1989). fig. 5. Pseudodiaptomus richardi emancipans Brehm, 1957: 53-58, figs. 64-66. Pseudodiaptomus cristobalensis Carvalho, 1952: 146- Habitat: Brackish estuarine waters, lagoons, swamps 147, pl. 1, fig. 22 (not figs. 25-27). and rivers. Distribution. BRASIL. Pará: Fresh and brackish water Comments: This species is restricted to the Atlantic in Rio do Pará, near Belém (Dahl, 1894; Wright, 1936b); coast of Central and South America (Walter, 1989). Marajó Bay, Belém; Bujaru, Rio Guama (Walter, 1989). Wright (1936b) noted that it was most abundant at Rio Grande do Norte: brackish water in Lagoa Papary low tide, with reduced salinity. It has not been taken in (Wright, 1936b). Pernambuco: estuary of Rio nearly pure seawater at high tide, nor has it been found Capibaribe, at Recife and in a tidal inlet a few km south in fresh water. of Recife (Wright, 1936b). Sergipe: Sergipe River and Piaui River (Walter, 1989). Espírito Santo: Lagoon in the campus of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Pseudodiaptomus richardi Dahl, 1894 Santo, Vitória (Pereira & Loureiro Fernandes, 2000). (Fig. 10) Rio de Janeiro: Lagoa Iodada (Coca-Cola), 22°13’S, 41°33’W (Walter, 1989); coastal lagoons Paulistinha Weismanella richardi Dahl, 1894: 20, pl. 1, figs. 6-8. and Paulista (Reid & Esteves, 1984). São Paulo: Schmackeria richardi n. comb., Poppe & Mrázek, estuaries at Santos (Wright, 1936b); Una do Prelado 1895: 127. River and Juréia (Walter, 1989). Santa Catarina: Santa Pseudodiaptomus richardi n. comb., Giesbrecht & Catarina Island and Lagoa da Conceição (Walter, 1989). Schmeil, 1898: 64; Mrázek, 1901: 14, pl. 1, fig. 14, Rio Grande do Sul: Lagoa dos Patos (Walter, 1989; pl. 2, fig. 39; Tollinger, 1911: 174, 268-9, fig. M; Montú & Gloeden, 1986; Bohrer & Araújo, 1999). Pesta, 1927: 71, fig. 2b-d; Marsh, 1933: 39, pl. 20, ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires: Río de La Plata (Mrázek, figs. 1, 3; Brehm, 1965: 3, 8, 12; Wright, 1928: 588; 1901); Tigre (Brian, 1926); Abra Nueva in Paraná delta 1936b: 6-10, pl. 1, fig. 9, pl. 2, figs. 1-3; 1937b: 159- near Tigre (Pesta, 1927); Punta Lara, Río de La Plata 161, pl. 1, fig. 5; Carvalho, 1945: 96, pl. 8, fig. 8; and Río Santiago (Ringuelet, 1958a). Capital Federal: Björnberg, 1963: 46; 1981: 645, fig. 216(1); Owre & Río Riachuelo at la Boca (Brian, 1926); Riachuelo and Foyo, 1967: tab. 6; Cipólli & Carvalho, 1973: 100; Capital Federal, without additional indications Montú, 1980: 57, 60, tabs. 1-3; Dussart & Defaye, (Ringuelet, 1958a); dyke Nº 4 in Buenos Aires port 1983: 30; Almeida Prado Por & Lansac-Tôha, 1984: (Brehm, 1957). 148-149, tab. 1; Reid & Esteves, 1984: 310, 311, 315, 317, tab. 2; Dussart, 1984a: 63; Montú & Gloeden, 1986: 77, fig. 24d-h; 1998: 186; Walter, Habitat: Brackish estuarine waters, lagoons, rivers. 43 Biol. Geral Exper. Comments: The range of this species, according to collected Pseudoboeckella poppei Mrázek, 1901 (= Walter (1989), extends from Belém, state of Pará in Boeckella poppei Mrázek, 1901; see Bayly, 1992a for northern Brasil, south to the Río de La Plata, Buenos explanations) from a temporary freshwater pond, also Aires Province, Argentina. in Rio Grande do Sul. These northernmost records of this family in Brasil extend the areas of overlapping distribution of the Diaptomidae and Centropagidae FAMILY CENTROPAGIDAE (see Wright, 1927, 1937b; Löffler, 1958; Bayly, 1992a,b;). Until these records, the diaptomids were found Members of this family created by Giesbrecht exclusively north of Buenos Aires, and centropagids (1892) occur in both fresh and saline athalassic waters, south of it. Only the two species of Centropagidae and most are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. occurring in Brasil are presented here (Fig. 10). Bayly (1992a) revised and fused the two genera occurring in Brasil, Boeckella and Pseudoboeckella. Bayly (1992b) also published a guide dealing with the Genus Boeckella De Guerne & Richard, 1889 non-marine Centropagidae of the world, which is the group treated in this paper, referring only to the two The synonymy of this genus follows Bayly species recorded from Brasil. The first species (1992a,b), where further information can be found. described from South America was Boeckella Boeckia Thomson, 1883: 93-94. brasiliensis, originally as Diaptomus brasiliensis Boeckella De Guerne & Richard, 1889: 151-152; Sars, Lubbock, 1855. 1894: 48-49; Ekman, 1905b: 601-602; Jolly, 1957: Bayly (1992b) noted that the families 856; Ringuelet, 1958a: 58; Bayly, 1964: 185; Bayly Centropagidae and Diaptomidae have almost mutually & Arnott, 1969: 194; Bayly, 1992a; Dussart & exclusive distributions. In South America, the Defaye, 1995: 80, 105, fig. L8. centropagids occur in the southern and high-altitude Pseudoboeckella Mrázek, 1901: 5; Ekman, 1905b: parts of the continent. The diaptomids occur in most 599-601; Ringuelet, 1958a: 58; Dussart & Defaye, of the remaining areas. Bayly noted that although there 1995: 81, 105, fig. L10. is usually a rather sharp line of demarcation between Boeckellopsis Mrázek, 1901: 6-7. the distribution of these families, there are at least two Paraboeckella Mrázek, 1901: 8. exceptions: one in Australia (Timms & Morton, 1988, Boeckellina Mrázek, 1901: 11. fig. 2), and the other in South America, where there is Pseudoboeckella Daday, 1902: 218. (Originally in a an overlap in Argentina between the Negro and Plate sense synonymous with that of Boeckella De rivers (Wright, 1938b, fig. 1; Brandorff, 1976, fig. 4). Guerne There are several additional distributional irregularities. Pseudoboeckella Mrázek.) & Richard, not with that of Boeckella triarticulata (Thomson) (synonym B. Boeckella Daday, 1902: 234. (Originally in a sense orientalis Sars) occurs in diaptomid territory in eastern synonymous with that of Pseudoboeckella Mongolia (Sars, 1903; Rylov, 1933; Kiefer, 1937). Mrázek, not with that of Boeckella De Guerne & Diaptomus diabolicus Brehm (1935) occurs in Richard.) centropagid territory in Chile (Wright, 1938b, fig. 1; Metaboeckella Ekman, 1905b: 603. Zúñiga, 1975; Brandorff, 1976, fig. 3). Gloeden (1994) found Boeckella bergi Richard, 1897 in Lagoa Mirim, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. This was the first Boeckella bergi Richard, 1897 record of a centropagid in Brasil. Later, Gloeden (1997) (Fig. 10) 44 8 (1), 2008 Boeckella bergi Richard, 1897b: 321-5, fig. 2; Comments: Menu-Marque et al. (2000) described the Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898: 61; Sars, 1901: 6-10, known distribution of this species. They verified that pl. I, figs. 1-15; Ekman, 1905b: 602; Tollinger, 1911: southeastern Brasil is the easternmost locality known 170, fig. G; Marsh, 1924: 4-5, fig. 2; Brian, 1926: for the genus in South America. 188, figs. 17-18; Pesta, 1927: 71, fig. 2a; Brehm, 1935b: 298-300, 304-5; 1936: 485-6; Olivier, 1955: tab. 2 [ad. p. 299]; Ringuelet, 1958a: 66; Dussart & Boeckella poppei (Mrázek, 1901) Defaye, 1983: 14; Paggi & José de Paggi, 1990: (Fig. 10) 690, 692, tab. 2; Bayly, 1992a: 31, fig. 8a-e; Gloeden, 1994: 123; Battistoni, 1995: 958; Menu-Marque et al., 2000: 265, 269, fig. 21. Boeckella brasiliensis (Lubbock); Poppe & Mrázek, 1895: 135-138, figs. 1-11; Giesbrecht & Schmeil, Boeckellopsis bergi n. comb., Mrázek, 1901: 7-8. 1898: 60-61, fig. 14; Daday, 1902: (in part, pl. vii, Pseudoboeckella bergi n. comb., Daday, 1902: 220- fig. 6). 224, tab. 4, figs. 6-19. Pseudoboeckella poppei Mrázek, 1901: 6; Ekman, Boeckella bergi var. serrifera Brehm, 1937b: 301-303. 1905b: 600; Tollinger, 1911: 159, fig. R; Scott, 1914: Boeckella bergi var. cornuta Brehm, 1937b: 303-304. 3-4, pl. i, fig. 9; Marsh, 1924: 22-23, fig. 31; Kiefer, Boeckella bergi conesae Brehm, 1954: 38-40, figs. 4-8; 1928a: 216, 218, figs. 1-3; Pesta, 1928a: 77; Brehm, Ringuelet, 1958a: 64, 68-69. Boeckella bergi bergi Ringuelet, 1958a: 64, 66-67. 1936: 484; Harding, 1941: 320; Ringuelet, 1955: 444; 1958a: 76, 82-3; Pezzani-Hernández, 1975: 28-44, figs. 2-3, tab. 1-3; Heywood, 1977; Dussart & Distribution. BRASIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Lagoa Mirim Defaye, 1983: 21; Paggi: 1983: 1-34, figs. 2-66; 1987: (32°20.7’S, 52°47.8’W) (Gloeden, 1994). ARGENTINA. 15, 17-21; Battistoni, 1995: 958; Gloeden, 1997: 173. Middle Paraná River (Paggi & José de Paggi, 1990). Boeckella dubia Daday, 1901: 345. Buenos Aires: La Segovia lagoon, 8 km from Puám; Boeckella entzii Daday, 1901: 345-346; 1902: 239-243, lower Sauce Grande stream; El Salado stream; Mapis stream; El Carnero lagoon; Saladillo stream, Atucha; Monte lagoon; Chascomus (charca); Colonel Brandzen; Melchor Romero (charca); Charca near Del pl. vi, figs. 3-9. Boeckella poppei n. comb., Daday, 1902: 234-236; Bayly, 1992a: 33-34, fig. 9a-j; Bayly, 1995: 1111, 1114, tab. 2. Gato stream (Ringuelet, 1958a); Adrogué (Richard, Boeckella entzi Ekman, 1905a: 15-16, fig. 6; 1905b: 600. 1897b); Abra Nueva in the Paraná delta near Tigre Pseudoboeckella poppei (Daday); Sars, 1909: 22-29, (Pesta, 1927). Capital Federal : (Mrázek, 1901); pl. iii, figs. 1-16; Brehm, 1956a: 87-89, figs. 49-57; Riachuelo River at La Boca, and artificial lake (Brian, 1926); General Conesa (Brehm, 1954). Santa Cruz: charca, Santa Cruz River (50°11’55"S and 71°38’29"W Weller, 1977. Pseudoboeckella entzi (Daday); Ortmann, 1911: 639; Brehm, 1936: 484. (Daday, 1902). Santa Fé: Crespo (Ringuelet, 1958a). Pseudoboeckella silvestri Daday; Goodman, 1969; Argentina, locality not specified (Sars, 1901). Heywood, 1970a, b, 1972 (misidentifications of B. URUGUAY. Montevideo: several biotopes in this poppei). Department (Brehm, 1935b). ?Pseudoboeckella klutei Brehm, 1926: 310-312, fig. 2; 1936: 484. Habitat: Lagoons, rivers, streams, swamps and artificial lakes. Non Diaptomus brasiliensis Lubbock, 1855: 237-240, figs. 3-8. Non Boeckella brasiliensis (Lubbock); Daday, 1902: Biol. Geral Exper. (in part., pl. vii, figs. 1-5). Boeckella (Pseudoboeckella) poppei; Menu-Marque et al., 2000: 264. 45 of western longitude, Tierra del Fuego, the Patagonian plateau, advancing northward along some Andean lakes, with northernmost record about 31°S, on a plateau containing relict Patagonian biota (Cei, 1972).” Distribution. BRASIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Lagoa Mirim (32°20.7’S, 52°47.8’W) (Gloeden, 1997). ARGENTINA. Neuquén: Los Juncos near Las Bayas (40°27’50"S, FINAL REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 70°39’W) (Brehm, 1926). Río Negro: small lagoon in Bariloche (Brehm, 1956a). Santa Cruz: lagoon 35 km Nowadays there is a general agreement that north of Coyle (Brehm, 1956a); El Zurdo and Las biodiversity is threatened, that conservation actions are Horquetas, at the Chilean border; Los Pozos, a small urgent and necessary and other fashionable concepts lagoon near Cardiel Lake in Gallegos Norte (Bayly, and words, but do we know the diversity that we want 1992a). CHILE: Torres del Paine National Park (ca. 51°S, to conserve? Conservation measures suppose that we 73°W), ponds 1, 2; L. Tehuelches Este; L. Redonda; L. know what we want to conserve. If we want to Larga (Bayly, 1992a). SOUTH GEORGIA. Small lake conserve, evaluate and manage biodiversity, this near whaling station in Cumberland Bay (Poppe & implies that the species involved, their distribution, Mrázek, 1895; Sars, 1909); pond in the vicinity of their habitats, their ecology, and mainly their identity Elaphant Lake near Lyell Glacier (Kiefer, 1928); pond should be known reasonably well. The pivotal step near the Cumberland Bay area (Ekman, 1905a; 1905b); toward conservation of biodiversity is to be able to small lakes in Borestal, Morrena in the Cumberland identify unambiguously all species existing within a Bay area; Station 1589 of British Graham Land given area. Expedition (Harding, 1941); whaling station area of To give names to objects and living things is Grytviken; spring lake on the road from Grytviken to necessary, because it allows humans to achieve a better Maiviken (Pesta, 1928a,b); spring lakes in the vicinity degree of communication. This explains why all things of Grytviken; pond in tussock grass near the sea that play a role in their lives have been given names. If (Pesta, 1928a,b). FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS). we wish to have an efficient biological nomenclature, Pond west of Port Stanley (Ekman, 1905a,b); freshwater each single species must have a name shared with no biotope of Hill Cove (Scott, 1914). SIGNY ISLAND, other species. At first this seems very simple, and this SOUTH ORKNEY ISLANDS (60°43’S, 45°37’W) is part of what so-called systematists are supposed to (Bayly, 1992a). ANTARCTIC: Deception Island, south do. In reality, this task is far from being as simple as it of Argentine camp, South Shetlands area (Ringuelet, appears. Those who deal with this matter have a good 1958a); Boeckella Lake, near Hope Bay, Esperanza on and sometimes not pleasant knowledge of all the the Antarctic peninsula, Graham Land (Ekman, 1905); problems involved in this activity. Horseshoe Bay in Graham Land (Harding, 1941); Beaver Lake (Bayly, 1995). Examining the literature available on South American calanoid systematics, it seems that most of the contributions have not been the result of work by Habitat: Lagoons, lakes, ponds. systematists, but from others without formal training in systematics. Systematics is unfashionable, and it Comments: Bayly (1992a: 33) discussed the synonymy appears that many funding agencies, though claiming of this species. Menu-Marque et al. (2000) commented to support biodiversity conservation, routinely reject that this “is the only species found on the Antarctic proposals with taxonomic content. Systematists are continent; it is distributed in Circumantarctic islands much closer to extinction than the majority of biologists 46 8 (1), 2008 may realize. Systematics is no longer part of the biology studies and taxonomic certification if necessary. A curriculum of most universities, and where it still is a huge amount of money has been spent in sampling part, it is most often taught by people with little or no expeditions, and throwing this material away is a waste personal experience in systematic research. The lack of time and money. This material should be made of training and knowledge of some of those presently available and indication of where it is deposited should called taxonomists has resulted in a quite chaotic be a condition for publication of any related papers. situation, leading to many mistakes which are repeated Nowadays it is necessary to store all the again and again in the scientific as well as the non- information from initiatives such as workshops, scientific literature. symposia, conferences, etc., as well as data from It is beyond the scope of this work to initiate a natural history collections. The use of databases is discussion about species concepts, but as the species becoming more widespread in the scientific community, remain the cornerstone of this entire discussion, the has proved to be a very useful tool to store and retrieve subject cannot be completely avoided. There is an data, and should be considered, supported, and urgent need to begin that as soon as possible, because stimulated in the future. the use of different species concepts influences our perception of diversity and some of the implications for conservation. REFERENCES “Basic systematics data are important because they allow communication and exchange of information between scientists. Basic systematics data are important for conservation. 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Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Série Livros 6, 717p. Zoppi de Roa, E., 1994. Seasonal variations of copepods from a flooding savanna of Venezuela. Verhandlungen der Internationale Vereinigung für Limnologie 25: 1383-1388. Zúñiga, L.R., 1975. Sobre Diaptomus diabolicus Brehm (Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida). Noticiario Mensual del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural , Santiago 19: 3-9. Aceito em 10.iv.2008 58 8 (1), 2008 Biol. Geral Exper. 59 60 8(1), 2008 Biol. Geral Exper. 61 62 8(1), 2008 Biol. Geral. Exper. 63 64 8(1), 2008 Biol. Geral Exper. 65 66 8(1), 2008 Biol. Geral Exper. 67 INSTRUÇÕES AOS AUTORES: Biologia Geral e Experimental é uma publicação semestral da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, publica manuscritos originais de todas as áreas da biologia geral e experimental. Os manuscritos devem ser enviados em três vias datilografados em espaço duplo. 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Calanoid Copepods of the Families Diaptomidae, Pseudodiaptomidae, and Centropagidae from Brazil.

Calanoid Copepods of the Families Diaptomidae, Pseudodiaptomidae, and Centropagidae from Brazil.

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