PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.163.38393 A peer-reviewed open-access journal Checklist of the grasses of India 1 CHECKLIST http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Checklist of the grasses of India Elizabeth A. Kellogg1, J. Richard Abbott2,8, Kamaljit S. Bawa3, Kanchi N. Gandhi4, B. R. Kailash5, K.N. Ganeshaiah6, Uttam Babu Shrestha7, Peter Raven2 1 Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Rd., St. Louis, MO 63132, USA 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA 3 University of Massachusetts Boston, College of Science and Mathematics, Boston, MA 02125, USA 4 Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 5 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur post, Bangalore-560094, India 6 University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India 7 Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Australia 8 School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, The University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71655, USA Corresponding author: Elizabeth A. Kellogg (ekellogg@danforthcenter.org) Academic editor: Maria Vorontsova | Received 20 July 2019 | Accepted 22 January 2020 | Published 18 October 2020 Citation: Kellogg EA, Abbott JR, Bawa KS, Gandhi KN, Kailash BR, Ganeshaiah KN, Shrestha UB, Raven P (2020) Checklist of the grasses of India. PhytoKeys 163: 1–560. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.163.38393 Abstract A checklist of the grasses of India is presented, as compiled from survey of all available literature. Of the twelve subfamilies of grasses, ten are represented in India. Most subfamilies have been examined by taxonomic experts for up-to-date nomenclature. The list includes 1506 species plus infraspecific taxa and presents information on types, synonyms, distribution within India, and habit. Twelve new combinations are made, viz. Arctopoa tibetica (Munro ex Stapf ) Prob. var. aristulata (Stapf ) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Chimonocalamus nagalandianus (H.B. Naithani) L.G. Clark, comb. nov.; Chionachne digitata (L.f.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Chionachne wallichiana (Nees) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Dinebra polystachyos (R. Br.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp var. divaricata (Basappa & Muniv.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro var. puberula (Miq.) Kailash, comb. & stat. nov.; Tzveleviochloa schmidii (Hook. f.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Urochloa lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb. var. pubescens (C.E. Hubb.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Urochloa ramosa (L.) T.Q. Nguyen var. pubescens (Basappa & Muniy.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.; Urochloa semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair var. intermedia (Basappa & Muniy.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. Keywords Poaceae, taxonomy, biodiversity, biogeography, south Asia Copyright Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 3 Background and methods ......................................................................................... 4 Checklist .................................................................................................................. 5 Poaceae Barnh., 1895, nom. cons. ........................................................................ 5 Subfamily Pharoideae L. G. Clark & Judz., 1996 ............................................. 6 Subfamily Bambusoideae Luerss., 1893 ............................................................ 7 Tribe Arundinarieae Asch. & Graebn., 1902 ............................................... 7 Tribe Bambuseae Kunth ex Dumort., 1829 ............................................... 22 Subfamily Oryzoideae Kunth x Beilschm. (1833) ........................................... 54 Tribe Ehrharteae Nevski, 1937 ................................................................... 54 Tribe Oryzeae Dumort. (1824) .................................................................. 57 Tribe Streptogyneae C.E. Hubb. ex C.E. Calderón & Soderstr. (1980) ...... 65 Subfamily Pooideae Benth., 1861................................................................... 65 Tribe Nardeae W. D. J. Koch, 1837 ........................................................... 66 Tribe Phaenospermateae Renvoize & Clayton, 1985 .................................. 66 Tribe Duthieeae Röser & Jul. Schneid., Syst. Biodivers. 9(1): 41. 2011. ..... 67 Tribe Meliceae Link ex Endl., 1830............................................................ 68 Tribe Stipeae Dumort., 1824 ..................................................................... 71 Tribe Brachypodieae Harz, 1880 ................................................................ 83 Tribe Bromeae Dumort., 1824 ................................................................... 85 Tribe Triticeae Dumort., 1824 ................................................................... 91 Tribe Poeae R. Br., 1814 .......................................................................... 111 Subfamily Aristidoideae Caro, 1982 ............................................................. 196 Subfamily Panicoideae A. Braun, 1864......................................................... 202 Incertae sedis:........................................................................................... 203 Tribe Centotheceae Ridl., 1907................................................................ 203 Tribe Chasmanthieae W.V. Br. & B.N. Smith ex Sánchez-Ken & L.G. Clark, 2010 ........................................................................................................ 206 Tribe Paspaleae J. Presl, 1830 ................................................................... 207 Tribe Paniceae R. Br., 1814 ...................................................................... 217 Tribe Jansenelleae Voronts., 2020 ............................................................. 298 Tribe Andropogoneae Dumort., 1824 ...................................................... 299 Subfamily Danthonioideae N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, 2001 ....................... 453 Subfamily Chloridoideae Kunth ex Beilschm., 1833 .................................... 456 Incertae sedis............................................................................................ 456 Tribe Centropodieae P.M. Peterson, N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, 2011 ..... 458 Tribe Triraphideae P.M. Peterson, 2010 .................................................... 459 Tribe Eragrostideae Stapf, 1898................................................................ 460 Tribe Zoysieae Benth., 1881 .................................................................... 479 Tribe Cynodonteae Dumort., 1824 .......................................................... 488 Subfamily Micrairoideae Pilg., 1956 ............................................................ 529 Checklist of the grasses of India 3 Subfamily Arundinoideae Kunth ex Beilschm., 1833 ................................... 543 Acknowledgements............................................................................................... 546 References ............................................................................................................ 547 Index to Genera ................................................................................................... 557 Introduction The following is a checklist of the grasses of India, produced as part of the Plants of India project. The grass family has been the subject of two major new classifications, Kellogg (2015b) and Soreng et al. (2015, 2017), based on phylogenetic data. Even before these appeared, molecular phylogenies had resolved circumscription of the subfamilies and there has been general agreement for at least the last 15 years on the monophyly of the major subfamilies. Nearly all known genera have been firmly assigned to subfamily and a large majority to tribe. Division into subtribes remains an item of discussion in some groups. The two current classifications are quite similar, which is not surprising since they are based on the same underlying data and phylogenies. Many of the differences reflect simply different preferences for classification. Kellogg (2015b) generally avoids monogeneric tribes or subtribes on the grounds that they convey no phylogenetic information and are unnecessary. This means that, while all genera are assigned to subfamily, the smaller subfamilies (e.g. Pharoideae) are not divided into tribes. In contrast, Soreng et al. (2015, 2017) prefer consistency in the use of ranks throughout the classification, meaning that all subfamilies include tribes, even if or when the tribes are unnecessary from the point of view of identification or phylogeny. The same arguments apply to subtribes. The Soreng et al. (2015, 2017) classification is thus more split than Kellogg (2015b). In addition, there are a few differences in generic circumscription. Because Kellogg (2015b) appeared in book form, it really represents the state of data a couple of years earlier, whereas Soreng et al. (2017) includes more recent information. All grass subfamilies are represented in India except for Anomochlooideae, which is found only in the New World, and Puelioideae, which is restricted to Africa. We follow Kellogg (2015b) in using italics in the taxonomic descriptions to indicate putative synapomorphies (shared derived characters) indicating monophyly of the described group. Numbers of tribes and genera are listed in Table 1. This list includes 266 genera, representing about a third of the 711 (Kellogg 2015b) to 768 (Soreng et al. 2017) genera currently recognized in the family. Many of the tribes and subfamilies have been checked by taxonomic experts and those experts are acknowledged in the appropriate section. Because of in some cases considerable time elapsed between the review of the list and the current publication, recent taxonomic changes may have been missed. Most nomenclatural information is consistent with that in the Tropicos database (http://www.tropicos.org), but the synonymy is not fully consistent with that in GrassBase (Clayton et al. 2006 onwards) The compilation presented here is meant to be a starting point for future work, which requires detailed mapping and verification with herbarium material. Distribu- 4 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Table 1. The ten subfamilies of grasses represented in the flora of India, showing numbers of tribes, genera, and species recorded in India for each. Tribes are not recognized here for Pharoideae and Aristidoideae because they are redundant, nor for Micrairoideae and Arundinoideae because the number of genera is too small to require tribal designations. Two hundred sixty-six genera have been recorded for the country, representing about 1/3 of the total in the family. Subfamily Pharoideae Bambusoideae Oryzoideae Pooideae Aristidoideae Panicoideae Danthonioideae Chloridoideae Micrairoideae Arundinoideae Tribes (1, redundant) 2 (of 3) 3 (of 3) 8 (of 11) (1, redundant) 6 (of 8) (1, redundant) 5 (of 5) (4, not recognized here) (2, not recognized here) Genera 1 32 6 70 2 98 3 43 7 4 Species + subspecies + varieties 1 148 29 383 15 668 5 201 50 6 tions within India are compiled from a broad range of sources only some of which included specimen citations to support their claims of geographical distribution. All distribution records should thus be considered provisional. Of particular note is the work of Naithani (1990), which added many new distribution records but largely without documentation. When Naithani (1990) is the only source for a record, this is noted in the text. We have avoided use of the term “endemic” since endemism is hard to verify in the absence of extensive herbarium material. Synonyms are ones that have been used in the Indian literature in the past. Some of these are New World names and are included here as a way to be able to follow up older Indian literature. India is the most poorly studied of all subcontinents for grasses. The country has been largely inaccessible to foreign botanists for the last several decades and the revolution in molecular systematics has largely missed Indian grasses because of the near-impossibility of obtaining material. We present this list in hopes of showing the richness of the grass flora and the discoveries to be made. Background and methods The objective of the overall project is to produce an authenticated and authoritative digital list of vascular plants of India, both native and naturalized. This list is to include all taxa of seed plants with their accepted names, synonyms, author names, publication details, habit, and distribution ranges. It has been a major task to coalesce the available taxonomic information into a unified list of names representing India’s plant diversity. Doing so required a significant amount of effort and time to compile the information in source materials and produce a functional list. Despite its tentative nature, this list contains the best information available for many groups, and is likely to find diverse uses and applications. Checklist of the grasses of India 5 The current checklist has resulted from collaboration between the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), and Harvard University Herbaria (HUH). In mid-1990s, prior to the present collaboration, Dr. K.N. Ganeshaiah of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore and Dr. Sebastian Padayatty of Shaman Scientific, Bangalore, along with Kanchi N. Gandhi of the HUH, were independently compiling data on plant names for a checklist of vascular plants of India. Dr. Peter H. Raven (MBG) and Dr. Kamal Bawa (ATREE) organized a meeting of relevant staff from the two teams at the Missouri Botanical Garden in 2002. At this meeting, it was agreed that a team would compile the available data at ATREE, the nomenclature would be verified at the Harvard University Herbaria, and taxonomic revision would be carried out by specialists under the guidance of Dr. Raven. The Sehgal Family Foundation, a previous donor to both ATREE and MBG, provided the initial funds for preparing a comprehensive list of India’s plants. National and international botanical journals, floras, manuals, monographs, and revisionary works were reviewed, with the data compiled by a team of energetic staff members under the supervision of the late Dr. S. N. I. Yoganarasimhan (1944–2017). At the HUH, Gandhi received a copy of the data that had been compiled at ATREE and verified the nomenclature over a period almost 6 years (2007–2013). Initially, two assistants, Mr. Uttam B. Shrestha (a Ph.D. student of Dr. Bawa) and Mr. B. R. Kailash (ATREE staff) worked under the supervision of Gandhi; later Uttam’s wife Sujata Shrestha also joined the crew for a few months. Regardless of the status of a name (accepted or synonym), an effort was made to check each protologue to verify its validity, authorship, bibliography, and legitimacy. The investigation was helpful in correcting errors that had found their way into earlier botanical works. A number of recent monographs and journals were consulted to add new taxa reported for India and to revise taxonomy and ranges of taxa. In the course of this work, type information was added when feasible. Checklist Poaceae Barnh., 1895, nom. cons. Type. Poa L. Ancestrally rhizomatous perennials but diversified into caespitose or scarcely branched forms; annual habit derived multiple times. Culms herbaceous but woody culms derived more than once. Height varying from a few mm to several m. Leaf blades broad, pseudopetioles synapomorphic for the family but repeatedly lost. Ligule membranous or a fringe of hairs. Inflorescences branched or unbranched. Stamens ancestrally 6, but reduced to 3 in many species. Style branches and stigmas ancestrally 3, but reduced to 2 in many species. Pollen monoporate, lacking scrobiculi in the exine. Ovule 1. Embryo lateral, highly differentiated with clear root and shoot meristems, each enclosed by a sheath, and with several well-developed leaves and a lateral haustorial organ (scutellum). Fruit indehiscent with a single seed, the 6 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) seed coat tightly appressed or fused to the inner wall of the pericarp. Leaf mesophyll with fusoid cells and with cells with invaginated cell walls, midrib complex; these characters lost during evolution of the family. Epidermis with multicellular microhairs, with alternating long and short cells, the short cells developing silica bodies. Photosynthetic pathway ancestrally C3. Poaceae is a monophyletic family as documented by decades of phylogenetic studies (e.g., (Campbell and Kellogg 1987; Clark et al. 1995; Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001; Grass Phylogeny Working Group II 2012; Linder 1987)). Morphological characters that are unique to the family (synapomorphic) include the highly differentiated embryo, the unique fruit structure, and the unique leaf morphology. In all grasses except Anomochlooideae (i.e., in all Indian species), the branches terminate in units known as spikelets, with each spikelet subtended by two bracts (glumes) and bearing one or more flowers. Also in this slightly more restricted group the inner perianth is modified to form tiny hyaline structures known as lodicules that function in flower opening and then wither after anthesis. Subfamily Pharoideae L. G. Clark & Judz., 1996 Plants herbaceous, rhizomatous. Leaf blades with a pseudopetiole, resupinate, with lateral veins running obliquely from midvein to margins. Inflorescence branched, with hooked hairs on the branches and spikelets. Spikelets unisexual, with staminate and pistillate spikelets borne in pairs. Lemma margins fused such that lemmas are tubular and often inflated. Lodicules lacking, or present only in staminate flowers. Inner bundle sheath of veins with multiple layers of cells. Intercostal epidermis with files of long fibers alternating with normal files of intercostal long cells. Subfamily Pharoideae includes only about 12 species, which grow in shade in tropical forests. The subfamily is monophyletic, with obvious morphological and molecular synapomorphies. The spikelets are unisexual and paired, with a large pistillate spikelet associated with a much smaller staminate spikelet. The leaf anatomy is also distinctive in that the inner bundle sheath of the veins has multiple layers of cells (Judziewicz and Clark 2007). The intercostal epidermis has files of long fibers alternating with normal files of intercostal long cells (Soderstrom et al. 1987). It is unclear whether this subfamily actually occurs in India, although Leptaspis urceolata has been reported, as noted below. Leptaspis R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 211. 1810 Type. Leptaspis banksii R. Br. 1. Leptaspis urceolata (Roxb.) R. Br., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) 23. t. 6. 1838 Pharus urceolatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3: 611. 1832. Type: Malaysia: A native of Pulo Pinaug Checklist of the grasses of India 7 Leptaspis manillensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 8. 1853. Type: Thailand: Manila; Cuming Herb. no. 1739 Leptaspis zeylanica Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 8. 1853. Type: Sri Lanka. Distribution. Kerala [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Rhizomatous perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). Subfamily Bambusoideae Luerss., 1893 Woody or herbaceous perennials. Leaves pseudopetiolate, the culm leaves generally morphologically distinct from those on the lateral branches. Ligule membranous, with or without a fringe of hairs. Inflorescences branched or unbranched, bearing conventional spikelets or pseudospikelets. Glumes 0 or 1 to several. Lodicules 3. Stamens 3 or 6. First seedling leaf lacking a lamina. Bambusoideae includes both woody and herbaceous bamboos. The lack of a lamina on the first seedling leaf may be synapomorphic (Soderstrom and Ellis 1987). In addition, the leaf anatomy is distinctive. The leaf mesophyll is marked by fusoid cells, which appear large and seemingly empty in cross section; this cell type is actually symplesiomorphic in the family (Clark et al. 1995; Kellogg 2015b; Leandro et al. 2018). Adaxial and abaxial to the fusoid cells are mesophyll cells with invaginated cell walls, known as arm cells. In the bamboos, these are asymmetric, a characteristic that is synapomorphic for the subfamily. The last several years have seen considerable progress on phylogeny and classification of bamboos (Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2012; Kelchner and Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2013), but in general work on Old World species has proceeded more slowly than that in the New World. Of the three tribes, only two occur in India. Much of the data presented here relies on the authoritative World Checklist of Bamboos and Rattans (Vorontsova et al. 2016). Taxonomic Editor: Lynn G. Clark, Iowa State University Tribe Arundinarieae Asch. & Graebn., 1902 Plants woody, with rhizomes leptomorph (running) and the plants forming more or less diffuse stands, or pachymorph (clumping), these taxa sometimes with elongated necks. Branches developing from the top to the bottom of the plant (basipetal). Foliage leaves with an outer ligule. Spikelets laterally compressed. Midrib with complex vasculature. All members of this tribe are woody and temperate and are tetraploid (2n = 48) (Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2012; Kelchner and Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2013). Generic limits are not well defined in most cases and hybridization has been documented repeatedly (Triplett et al. 2010, 2014; Wong and Low 2011). 8 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Ampelocalamus S.L. Chen, T.H. Wen & G.Y. Sheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 332. 1981 Type. Ampelocalamus actinotrichus (Merrill & Chun) S.L. Chen, T.H. Wen & G.Y. Sheng 2. Ampelocalamus patellaris (Gamble) Stapleton, Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(3): 321. 1994 Dendrocalamus patellaris Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 86–87. t. 75. 1896. Type: Sikkim, Jungat, alt. 4000 ft.; November, 1881; Gamble 10045 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 321. 1994. Patellocalamus patellaris (Gamble) W.T. Lin, J. S. China Agric. Univ. 10(2): 46. 1989 Sinocalamus patellaris (Gamble) T.Q. Nguyen, Bot. Žur. (Moscow & Leningrad) 74: 1662. 1989 Chimonobambusa jainiana C.R. Das & D.C. Pal, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4(3): 1023. 1983. Type: India: West Bengal, Kalimpong; CNH 12178 (CAL). Drepanostachyum jainianum (C.R. Das & D.C. Pal) R.B. Majumdar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 235. 1985 (“1983”) (as “jainiana”) Sinarundinaria jainiana (C.R. Das & D.C. Pal) H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 116(12): 990. 1990 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. Chimonobambusa Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 153. 1914 Lectotype. Chimonobambusa marmorea (Mitford) Makino (Bambusa marmorea Mitford). LT designated by McClure in Taxon 6(7): 201–202. 1957. 3. Chimonobambusa armata (Gamble) J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi, J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 38. 1983 Arundinaria armata Gamble Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 130, pl. 119. 1896. Type: Burma: “Hills of Upper Burma. Bernardmyo”; Mr. J.W. Oliver 1894 (K). Oreocalamus armatus (Gamble) T. H. Wen, J. Bamboo Res. 5(2): 22. 1986 Chimonocalamus armatus (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 275. 1989 Distribution. India, cultivated only [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 9 4. Chimonobambusa arunachalensis T. P. Sharma & Borthakur, Pleione 2(1): 1. 2008 Type. India: Arunachal Pradesh, Ziro, Lower Subansiri district, 8 May 2006, TP0140A. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh. Habit. Woody perennial. 5. Chimonobambusa callosa (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 151. 1925 Arundinaria callosa Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 30. 1868. Lectotype: India: Meghalaya, Myrung; July 6, 1850; J.D. Hooker & Thompson 1504 (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 366. 1989. Chimonocalamus callosus (Munro) J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1(2): 84. 1979 Sinobambusa callosa (Munro) T.H. Wen, J. Bamboo Res. 1(1): 35. 1982 Arundinaria phar E.G. Camus, Bambusées: 37. 1913 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland [Bhutan]. Habit. Woody perennial. 6. Chimonobambusa jainii T. P. Sharma & Borthakur, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 32(4): 783–785, f. 1. 2008 Type. India: Arunachal Pradesh, Ziro, Lower Subansiri district, 6 May 2006, TP0140. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh. Habit. Woody perennial. 7. Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Franceschi) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 153. 1914 Bambusa quadrangularis Franceschi, Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 5: 401. 1880 Type unknown. Arundinaria quadrangularis (Franceschi) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 9: 71. 1895 Phyllostachys quadrangularis (Fraceschi) Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 443. 1904 Tetragonocalamus quadrangularis (Franceschi) Nakai, J. Jap. Bot. 9: 90. 1933 Distribution. Meghalaya, cultivated? [China, Japan]. Habit. Woody perennial. 10 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Chimonocalamus J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1(2): 76. 1979 Type. Chimonocalamus delicatus J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi. 8. Chimonocalamus griffithianus (Munro) J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1(2): 83–84. 1979 Arundinaria griffithiana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 20. 1888. Syntypes: India: Assam, Khasia Mountain, Mofong; Griffith Assam Dept. 39 (K). J.D. Hooker s.n. (K). Chimonobambusa griffithiana (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 151. 1925 Sinarundinaria griffithiana (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 353. 1989 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. 9. Chimonocalamus longiusculus Hsueh & T. P. Yi, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1(2): 80–81, pl. 6. 1979. Type. China: Yunnan: Xichou, evergreen broad-leaved forests, 1600–1700 m, 31 May 1977; S.W. Xian 6979? Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh. Habit. Woody perennial. 10. Chimonocalamus lushaiensis Ohrnb., Bamboos World Introd. 3: 14. 1996. Sinarundinaria longispiculata C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 43: 411. 1988. Type: India: Assam, Sangao, Lushai Hills, 1300 m; Mar 1953; Thakur Rup Chand 6889 (K) [Replaced synonym] Chimonocalamus longispiculatus R. B. Majumdar. Fl. Ind. Enum. Monocot 276. 1989. Type: ? Chimonocalamus longispiculatus (C.S. Chao & Renvoize) D.Z. Li, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 16: 41. 1994. Nom. illegit. Sinarundinaria arunachalensis H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 117(1): 78. 1991 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam. Habit. Woody perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 11 11. Chimonocalamus nagalandianus (H.B. Naithani) L.G. Clark, comb. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212051-1 Sinarundinaria nagalandiana H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 120(12): 1120. 1994. Type: India: Nagaland, Niriyo Peak, alt. 3840 ft., Wokha; November, 1986; H.B. Naithani 1477 (DD). Distribution. Nagaland. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Seethalakshmi and Kumar (1998) indicate that this species is allied to Chimonocalamus griffithianus (as Sinarundinaria griffithianus) so a new combination in Chimonocalamus is here proposed. This species has the root spines characteristic of this genus, but is unknown in flower. Drepanostachyum Keng f., Journal of Bamboo Research 2(1): 15. 1983 Type. Drepanostachyum falcatum (Nees) Keng f. 12. Drepanostachyum falcatum (Nees) Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 16. 1983 Arundinaria falcata Nees, Linnaea 9: 478. 1835 Sinarundinaria falcata (Nees) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 357. 1989 Arundinaria gracilis (hort. ex Rivière & C. Rivière) Blanch., Rev. Hist. Nat. [Paris]. 58: 490. 1886 Bambusa gracilis hort. ex Rivière & C. Rivière, Bull. Soc. Natl. Acclim. France Ser. 3, 5(25): 682. 1878 Type. “In Nepalia legit, Royle.” Lectotype: Northwest India; Royle s.n. (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 358. 1989. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Arundinaria gracilis (hort. ex Rivière & C. Rivière) Blanch. is included in Seethalakshmi and Kumar (1998) but is the subject of taxonomic confusion. The name is based on Bambusa gracilis hort. ex Rivière & C. Rivière, but this is a synonym of Drepanostachyum falcatum (Nees) Keng f., according to Vorontsova et al. (2016). As noted by taxonomic editor Clark, Arundinaria gracilis Lafossse is listed as a nomen nudum in TROPICOS, apparently because the protologue fails to cite a type. This entity requires further investigation. 12 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 13. Drepanostachyum intermedium (Munro) Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 18. 1983 Arundinaria intermedia Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 28. 1868. Type: India: Sikkim, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; 1848; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K) Chimonobambusa intermedia (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 151. 1925 Sinarundinaria intermedia (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 357. 1989 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 14. Drepanostachyum khasianum (Munro) Keng f., Journal of Bamboo Research 2(1): 18. 1983 Arundinaria khasiana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 28. 1868. Type: India: Khasia, Shillong, 5800 ft.; Griffith 1058 (K) Chimonobambusa khasiana (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 151. 1925 Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 15. Drepanostachyum kurzii (Gamble) Pandey ex D.N. Tewari, Monogr. Bamboo 90. 1993 Arundinaria kurzii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 25. t. 25. 1896. Type: Burma: Southern coast; 1878; Kurz s.n. (K). Sinarundinaria kurzii (Gamble) M. Kumar, Bamboos of India, compendium 279. 1998 Distribution. Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, West Bengal. Habit. Woody perennial. 16. Drepanostachyum polystachyum (Kurz ex Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 277. 1989 Arundinaria polystachya Kurz ex Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 7. t. 5. 1896. Lectotype: India: Sikkim, alt. 4000–5000 ft.; 1868; Kurz & Anderson s.n. (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull 44(2): 359. 1989 Chimonobambusa polystachya (Kurz ex Gamble) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 151. 1925 Sinarundinaria polystachya (Kurz ex Gamble) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 359. 1989 Checklist of the grasses of India 13 Distribution. Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal. Habit. Woody perennial. 17. Drepanostachyum suberectum (Munro) R.B. Majumdar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 236. 1985 (“1983”) Arundinaria suberecta Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 32. 1868. Lectotype: India: Meghalaya, Mamlo; October 27, 1835; Griffith 558 (K). LT designated by Stapleton, Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 308. 1994. Sinarundinaria suberecta (Munro) M. Kumar, Bamboos of India, compendium 286. 1998 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal. Habit. Woody perennial. Himalayacalamus Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 23. 1983 Type. Himalayacalamus falconeri (Hook. f. ex Munro) Keng f. (Thamnocalamus falconeri Hook. f. ex Munro) 18. Himalayacalamus falconeri (Hook. f. ex Munro) Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 24. 1983 Thamnocalamus falconeri Hook. f. ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 34. 1868. Type: Nepal: Bagmati Zone, Kathmandu, Sheopore [Shivapuri], alt. 8000 ft.; 1821; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5040 (K). Distribution. Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 19. Himalayacalamus hookerianus (Munro) Stapleton, Bamboo Soc. Newsl. 17: 21. 1993 Arundinaria hookeriana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 29. 1868. Lectotype: India: Sikkim [Neongong, 6800 ft.,] “Praong, 4000–6000 ft.”; December, 1848; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 318. 1995. Sinarundinaria hookeriana (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull.44(2): 358. 1989 14 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Drepanostachyum hookerianum (Munro) Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 17. 1983 Chimonobambusa hookeriana (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 151. 1925 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan]. Native to Bhutan and north-eastern India, but commonly cultivated in West Bengal and also in Nepal. Habit. Woody perennial. Kuruna Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark, Phytotaxa 174: 199–200. 2014 Type. Kuruna debilis (Thwaites) Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark. 20. Kuruna densifolia (Munro) Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark, Phytotaxa 174: 200. 2014 Arundinaria densifolia Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 32. 1868. Lectotype: Sri Lanka; Watson 25 (K). LT designated by Soderstrom & Ellis in Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 72: 12. 1988 Chimonobambusa densifolia (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 151. 1925 Sinarundinaria densifolia (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 354. 1989 Yushania densifolia (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989 Distribution. Kerala [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Woody perennial. 21. Kuruna floribunda (Thwaites) Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark, Phytotaxa 174: 200. 2014 Arundinaria floribunda Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites) 375. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Maturatte District, alt. 5000 ft.; 1863; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 2624 (PDA). Indocalamus floribundus (Thwaites) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 148. 1925 Sinarundinaria floribunda (Thwaites) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 356. 1989 Yushania floribunda (Thwaites) Demoly, Bambou 48: 12. 2006 Distribution. Kerala [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Woody perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 15 22. Kuruna walkeriana (Munro) Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark, Phytotaxa 174: 200. 2014 Arundinaria walkeriana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 21. 1868. Lectotype: Sri Lanka; Mrs. Walker 96 (K). LT designated by Soderstrom & Ellis in Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 72: 27. 1988 Indocalamus walkerianus (Munro) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 148. 1925 Sinarundinaria walkeriana (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 354. 1989 Yushania walkeriana (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989 Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Woody perennial. 23. Kuruna wightiana (Nees) Attigala, Kathriar. & L.G. Clark, Syst. Bot. 41(1): 191, f. 13. 2016. Arundinaria wightiana Nees, Linnaea 9: 482. 1835. Type: “Peninsula Indiae orientalis; Herb Wight.” India: Nilgiris District; Wight 1797 (K, Isotype). Indocalamus wightianus (Nees) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 149. 1925 Sinarundinaria wightiana (Nees) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 356. 1989 Yushania wightiana (Nees) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989 Indocalamus wightianus (Nees) Nakai var. hispida (Steud.) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 149. 1925 Arundinaria wightiana Nees var. hispida (Steud.) Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 5. 1896 Yushania wightiana (Nees) R.B. Majumdar var. hispida (Steud.) R.B. Majumdar & S. Karthikeyan in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1(Monocotyledon): 283. 1989 Arundinaria hispida Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 335. 1854. Type: India: “In sylvis prope Sispara Nilagiri”; Hohenacker 1282 (K). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Woody perennial. Phyllostachys Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 745. 1843, nom. cons. Type. Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zucc. 16 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 24. Phyllostachys aurea Carrière ex Rivière & C. Rivière, Bull. Soc. Natl. Acclim. France ser. 3, 5: 716 f. 36, 37. 1878 Type. Tunis, Cultivated in “Jardim du Hamma”; Anonymous s.n. (P). Distribution. Uttarakhand [China]. Cultivated; native to China and Japan, widely cultivated. Habit. Woody perennial. 25. Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3(3): 746. pl. 5. f. 3. 1843 Type. Japan; P.F. von Siebold s.n. (L). Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh [China]. Cultivated; native to China and Japan, widely cultivated. Habit. Woody perennial. 26. Phyllostachys mannii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 28. t. 28. 1896 Phyllostachys assamica Gamble ex Brandis, Indian Trees 667. 1906. Type: India: Mishmi Hills, Namdang, Lakhimpur District, Sadiya; Griffith s.n. Phyllostachys bambusoides sensu Gamble, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 386. 1896, non Siebold & Zucc., 1843 Type. India: Shillong, Kashia Hills and said to have come from the Naga Hills; 1889; G. Mann s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland [China, Myanmar]. Native, but also cultivated. Habit. Woody perennial. 27. Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 38, 123. 1868 Bambusa nigra Lodd. ex Lindl., Penny Cyclop. 3: 357. 1835 Phyllostachys puberula var. nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 14: 64. 1900 Phyllostachys puberula var. nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) J. Houz., Act. Congr. Int. Bot. (Brux.) 2: 223. 1912, isonym. Sinoarundinaria nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Ohwi ex Mayeb., Fl. Austro-Higo. 86. 1931 Distribution. India. Cultivated only; native to S Hunan, China. Checklist of the grasses of India 17 Habit. Woody perennial. 28. Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro var. puberula (Miq.) Kailash, comb. & stat. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212052-1 Phyllostachys puberula var. puberula in Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 14: 64. 1900 Phyllostachys henonis Mitford, Garden (London 1871–1927) 47: 3. 1895 Bambusa puberula Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 285. 1866. Type: Japan: Osakka; Siebold, Buerger & Textor s.n. Phyllostachys puberula (Miq.) Munro, Gard. Chron., n. s. 6: 773, 774. 1876 Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro var. henonis (Mitford) Stapf ex Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36(254): 442–443. 1904 Distribution. India. Cultivated; native to S Hunan, China. Habit. Woody perennial. Pleioblastus Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 145. 1925 Lectotype. Pleioblastus communis (Makino) Nakai (Arundinaria communis Makino). LT designated by McClure in Taxon 6: 207. 1957. 29. Pleioblastus simonii (Carrière) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 147. 1925 Bambusa simonii Carrière, Rev. Hort. [Paris]. 37: 380. 1866. Type: China?; 1862; E. Simon s.n. (P). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh. Possibly cultivated in India; probably native to Japan. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes, “Although the type is supposedly from China, I know of no valid records from that country.” Pseudosasa Makino ex Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(1): 150. 1925 Lectotype. Pseudosasa japonica (Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.) Nakai (Arundinaria japonica Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.). LT designated by LT designated by McClure in Taxon 6(7): 207. 1957. 18 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 30. Pseudosasa japonica (Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud.) Makino. ex Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 150. 1925 Arundinaria japonica Siebold & Zucc. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 334. 1854. Type: “Java” Japan: Metake; P. F. von Siebold s.n. (L). Distribution. Meghalaya, West Bengal [China]. Cultivated only; native to Japan. Habit. Woody perennial. Sarocalamus Stapleton, Novon 14(3): 346. 2004 Type. Sarocalamus racemosus (Munro) Stapleton. 31. Sarocalamus racemosus (Munro) Stapleton, Novon 14(3): 347. 2004 Arundinaria racemosa Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 17. 1868 Lectotype: India: North East Himalaya [Sikkim & Darjeeling District], Birch Hill, alt. 6000 ft.; August, 1857; Thomson s.n. (K). LT selected by Gamble, 1912 (fide Stapleton et al. 2004). Fargesia racemosa (Munro) T. P. Yi, J. Bamboo Res. 2: 39. 1983 Yushania racemosa (Munro) R. B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. Semiarundinaria Makino ex Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 150. 1925 Lectotype. Semiarundinaria fastuosa (Mitford) Nakai (Bambusa fastuosa Mitford). LT designated by A. Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees Shrubs 638. 1949 32. Semiarundinaria densiflora (Rendle) T.H. Wen, J. Bamboo Res. 8(1): 24. 1989 Arundinaria densiflora Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 434. 1904. Syntypes: Kiangsu: Kiangsu Hills; Faber 19 (K). Chekiang: Hills near Huchan, Taiboo Lake; Charles 227(K). Fargesia densiflora (Rendle) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 152. 1925 Brachystachyum densiflorum (Rendle) Keng, Sunyatsenia 4 (3–4): 153. 1940 Checklist of the grasses of India 19 Distribution. Kerala [China]. Cultivated in India. Habit. Woody perennial. Thamnocalamus Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 33, 157. 1868 Lectotype. Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Trin.) Munro (Arundinaria spathiflora Trin.). LT designated by A. Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees 639. 1949. 33. Thamnocalamus aristatus (Gamble) E.G. Camus, Bambusees (Camus) 54. 1913 Arundinaria aristata Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 18, t. 17. 1896. Lectotype: India: Sikkim, Phalut, alt. 10000 ft.; Gammie s.n. (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 363. 1989. Thamnocalamus spathiflorus Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 34. 1868, p.p., non Trin. 1935 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 34. Thamnocalamus occidentalis (Stapleton) Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 140. 2007 Thamnocalamus spathiflorus Munro ssp. occidentalis Stapleton, Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(2): 283. 1994. Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Kedarkanda, 9000 ft.; June, 1893; Gamble 24341 (K). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Woody perennial. 35. Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Trin.) Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 34. 1868 Arundinaria spathiflora Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3: 617. 1835. Lectotype: Nepal: North West of Himalaya, alt. 7000 ft.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5041 (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 363. 1989 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 20 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Yushania Keng f., Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 6(4): 355–356. 1957 Type. Yushania niitakaymensis (Hayata) P. C. Keng (Arundinaria niitakaymensis Hayata) 36. Yushania anceps (Mitf.) W.C. Lin, Bull. Taiwan Forest Res. Inst. 248: 9. 1974 Arundinaria anceps Mitf., Bamb. Gard. 181. 1896. Type: Asia. Sinarundinaria anceps (Mitf.) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 359. 1989 Arundinaria jaunsarensis Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 23. t. 22. 1896. Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Jaunsar Hills, Mundali, alt. 7500 ft.; May, 1891; Gamble 23134 (K). Chimonobambusa jaunsarensis (Gamble) K.N. Bahadur & H.B. Naithani, Indian J. Forest. 1(1): 41. 1978 Yushania jaunsarensis (Gamble) T.P. Yi, J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 39. 1983 Fargesia elegans (Kurz) J. Campbell ssp. jaunsarensis (Gamble) J. Campbell, Gen. Himal. Bamb. 38. 1985 Distribution. Uttar Pradesh. Cultivated in Europe and the U.S.A. Habit. Woody perennial. 37. Yushania elegans (Kurz) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989 Arundinaria elegans Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 249. 1873. Type: Burma: Martaban, Nattaung Hills, alt. 5000–7000 ft.; Kurz 144 (K). Sinobambusa elegans (Kurz) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 152. 1925 Fargesia elegans (Kurz) J. Campbell, Gen. Himal. Bamb. 37. 1985 Sinarundinaria elegans (Kurz) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 357. 1989 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. 38. Yushania hirsuta (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989 Arundinaria hirsuta Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 30. 1868. Lectotype: India: Khasi Hills, among rocks, 5600 ft.; November, 1835; Griffith 6726 (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 355. 1989. Sinarundinaria hirsuta (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 355. 1989 Checklist of the grasses of India 21 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan]. Habit. Woody perennial. 39. Yushania maling (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989 Arundinaria maling Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 139. 1912. Lectotype: India: Darjeeling District, Tonglo [Tanglu], alt. 9000 ft.; May 23, 1904; Osmaston s.n. (K). LT designated by C.S. Chao & Renvoize in Kew Bull. 44(2): 356. 1989. Fargesia maling (Gamble) J. Campbell, Gen. Himal. Bamb. 40. 1985 Sinarundinaria maling (Gamble) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 356. 1988 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal (all Naithani). [Bhutan, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 40. Yushania microphylla (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989 Arundinaria microphylla Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 32. 1868. Syntypes: Bhutan: Tashigang District, Sanah, alt. 7000 ft.; Griffiths 623 (K). Bhutan: Sanah, alt. 6000–10000 ft.; Griffiths s.n. (K). Bambusa microphylla Griff., J. Trav. 1: 242, 259. 1847, nom. nud. Sinarundinaria microphylla (Munro) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 354. 1989 Distribution. Assam, Kerala, Sikkim, Meghalaya [Bhutan, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 41. Yushania pantlingii (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 283. 1989 Arundinaria pantlingii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 129 (‘Pantlingi’). t. 118. 1896. Type: India: Darjeeling District, Sikkim border “Hills of British Bhutan,” Rechi La, 11000 ft.; September, 1895; Pantling’s collectors s.n. (K). Fargesia pantlingii (Gamble) J. Campbell, Gen. Himal. Bamb. 41. 1985 Semiarundinaria pantlingii (Gamble) Nakai, J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 151. 1925 Sinarundinaria pantlingii (Gamble) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 359. 1989 22 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 42. Yushania rolloana (Gamble) T.P. Yi, J. Bamboo Res. 2(1): 39. 1983 Arundinaria rolloana Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 24. t. 23. 1896. Type: India: Assam, Naga Hills, Zullah Valley, alt. 5000–7000 ft.;1889; “Gopal Banerjee”; J. Rollo s.n. (K). Sinarundinaria rolloana (Gamble) C.S. Chao & Renvoize, Kew Bull. 44(2): 355. 1989 Distribution. Assam, Nagaland. Habit. Woody perennial. Taxonomic editor Clark suggests that it is doubtful that the following species of Arundinarieae occur in India: Himalayacalamus gyirongensis (T.P. Yi) Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 141. 2007 [doubtful species; also, this is considered a synonym of Himalayacalamus falconeri in the Flora of China.] Himalayacalamus planatus Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 137. 2007 [known from Nepal] Himalayacalamus porcatus Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 141. 2007 [doubtful species] Thamnocalamus chigar (Stapleton) Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 140. 2007 [doubtful species] Thamnocalamus nepalensis (Stapleton) Stapleton, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(1): 140. 2007 [doubtful species] Tribe Bambuseae Kunth ex Dumort., 1829 Woody bamboos, often tree-like. Rhizomes pachymorph and the plants clumping, but necks sometimes elongated; one New World genus sometimes with amphimorph rhizomes.Branches developing either from the bottom to the top of the plant (acropetal) or bidirectional. Outer ligule generally present. Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes. Midrib mostly with complex vasculature. Members of this tribe are tropical and either tetraploid or hexaploid, mostly with 2n = 48 or 72, although some aneuploid numbers have been reported (Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2012). Pseudospikelets, in which the spikelet themselves form branched structures, are common but not universal in this group (Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2012). The Old World species of Bambuseae form a clade separate from the New World species (Kelchner and Bamboo Phylogeny Group 2013; Triplett et al. 2014). Checklist of the grasses of India 23 Bambusa Schreb., Gen. Pl., ed. 8[a] 236. 1789, nom. cons. Type. Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. (Bambos arundinacea Retz.). 43. Bambusa affinis Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 93. 1868 Type. “Hab. in Ind. or. Burmah, Yoongalum (Teesheincolis); Brandis 18.” Distribution. Tripura [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 44. Bambusa alamii Stapleton, J. Edinb. J. Bot. 51(1): 10, f. 3. 1994. Type. Nepal; 9 Jan 1991; Stapleton 907 (E). Distribution. Assam [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 45. Bambusa alemtemshii H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 133(11): 1575. 2007 Type. India: Nagaland, Longsa village, Mokokchung District; December 5, 2004; H.B. Naithani 4338 (DD). Distribution. Assam, Nagaland. Habit. Woody perennial. 46. Bambusa balcooa Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2: 196. 1832 Dendrocalamus balcooa (Roxb.) Voigt, Hort. SubLurb. Calcutt. 718. 1845 Type. “A native of India: Bengal.” Lectotype: Roxb. Icones 1402 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(1): 12. 1994. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China]. Widely cultivated in northern India and Bangladesh, thought to originate from this region but known only in cultivation. Habit. Woody perennial. 24 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 47. Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 1189. 1895 var. bambos Arundo bambos L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India utraque.” Lectotype = “Ily” in Rheede, Hort. Malab. 1: 25. t. 16. 1678. LT designated by Judziewicz in Görts-van Rijn (ed.), Fl. Guianas, ser. A, 8: 50. 1990. Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 245. 1799 Bambos arundinacea Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 24. 1788 (“1789”). Lectotype: India orientalis: Herbarium Retzii s.n. right-hand side only (No. 2), H554/90 (LD). LT designated by Xia & Stapleton in Kew Bull. 52(3): 697. 1997. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Cultivated and naturalized in India. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that there are more synonyms in the literature; see Ohrnberger (1999) and Vorontsova et al. (2016). 48. Bambusa burmanica Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 35–36. t. 33. 1896 Type. Burma: Katha District, dry slopes; J.W. Oliver s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. 49. Bambusa cacharensis R.B. Majumdar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 237. f. 1. 1985 (“1983”) Type. India: Cachar, Lakhimpur, Mar Bastee; Majumdar 74265A (CAL). Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura [Bangladesh]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that Devi and Bhattacharyya (2013) reported the range listed here. Record for Assam fide Naithani (1990). 50. Bambusa copelandii Gamble ex Brandis, Indian Trees 671. 1906 (as “copelandi”) Sinocalamus copelandii (Gamble ex Brandis) Raizada, Indian Forester 74(1): 10. 1948 (as “copelandi”) Checklist of the grasses of India 25 Dendrocalamus copelandii (Gamble ex Brandis) N.H.Xia & Stapleton, Kew Bull. 52: 484. 1997 Lectotype. India: Dehra Dun, cultivated, alt. 2200 ft.; September, 1898; Gamble 27166 (K). LT designated by Xia & Stapleton in Kew Bull. 52: 484. 1997. Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark wrote, “This species is indicated as occurring in these two states in Seethalakshmi & Kumar (1998).” She also notes that it is cultivated in the Botanical Garden at the Calcutta & Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, as well as in the Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute, Kerala. 51. Bambusa griffithiana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 99. 1868 Type. “Hab. in Ind. or. Burmah, Mogoung; Griffith s.n.” Distribution. Manipur [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Record for Manipur fide Naithani (1990). 52. Bambusa jaintiana R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 274. 1989 Type. India: Shillong; G.K. Deka 31765 (CAL). Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. 53. Bambusa khasiana Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 97. 1868 Syntypes. India: Khasia, alt. 2000–4000 ft., Churra; Hooker no. 1097. Jasper Hill, Mahadeb; Hooker 496 Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. 54. Bambusa kingiana Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 46. t. 42 1896 Type. Burma: Katha District, Petsut; J.W. Oliver s.n. Distribution. Manipur [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Record for Manipur fide Naithani (1990). 26 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 55. Bambusa longispiculata Gamble ex Brandis, Indian Trees 668. 1906 Type. Bangladesh: Chittagong Hill tracts, Ruby mine District, alt. 3500 ft.; Griffith s.n. Distribution. Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Records for Meghalaya and Mizoram fide Naithani (1990). 56. Bambusa majumdari P. Kumari & P. Singh, Kew Bull. 64: 565. 2009 Type. India: Meghalaya: Garo Hills, near Tura, 14 Sept. 2005, Kumari & Singh 34696 (CAL). Distribution. Meghalaya. Habit. Woody perennial. 57. Bambusa mohanramii P. Kumari & P. Singh, Kew Bull. 64: 567. 2009 Type. India: Meghalaya: Jaintia hills, Khleiriaht, 9 April 2004, Kumari 34608 (CAL). Distribution. Meghalaya. Habit. Woody perennial. 58. Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult. & Schult.f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1350. 1830 Arundo multiplex Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 58. 1790. Type: “Habitat loca culta in provinciis Borialibus Cochinchinae, ex eaque Plantantur fepes ad divifionem hortorum.” Bambusa nana Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2: 199. 1832. Type: “Keu-fa, of the Chinese; a native of their country, and now plentiful in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta…” Ludolfia glaucescens Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 2: 320. 1808. Type: “Die von Michaux beschriebene Art soll ein hoher Baum werden und in einer Rispe bluhen. Ich nenne sie.” Bambusa glaucescens Siebold ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 89. 1868, nom. invalid, pro. syn. Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Probably naturalized in addition to being cultivated; probably native to Indo-China and southern China, but now known only in cultivation Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark wrote, “Introduced into the Indian Botanical Garden in 1794.” Checklist of the grasses of India 27 59. Bambusa nagalandiana H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 133(9): 1267–1269. 2007 (as “nagalandeana”) Type. India: Nagaland, Mon District, Wanching village; December 9, 2004; H.R. Naithani 4344 (DD). Distribution. Nagaland. Habit. Woody perennial. 60. Bambusa nairiana P. Kumari & P. Singh, Bull. Surv. India 50: 13. 2009 (“2008”) Type. India: Meghalaya: Garo hills, near Nokrek, 14 Sept. 2005, Kumari & Singh 34698 (CAL). Distribution. Meghalaya. Habit. Woody perennial. 61. Bambusa nutans Wall ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 92. 1868 Bambusa falconeri Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 95. 1868 Lectotype. Nepal: Kathmandu, Naga-Arjun [Nagarjun, 27°44'N, 85°71'E]; 1821; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5031(K-W). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 17 1994. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh]. Habit. Woody perennial. 62. Bambusa oliveriana Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 130. t. 116. 1896 Syntypes. Burma: 30 miles north from Mandalay, alt. 1000–2000 ft.; 1893–94; J.W. Oliver s.n. Ruby Mines Hills; C.S. Rogers s.n. Distribution. Mizoram, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Myanmar]. Cultivated; native to Myanmar. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Record for Mizoram fide Naithani (1990). 28 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 63. Bambusa pallida Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 97. 1868 Bambusa critica Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 255. 1873. Type: Burma. Dendrocalamus criticus (Kurz) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. B: 94. 1875 Bambusa pseudopallida R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 275. 1989. Type: India: Umtaph on Dawki-Jarain Road; N.P. Balakrishnan 42700 (CAL). Syntypes. India: Bengalia, Pundua & Silhet (cult.), Cachar, Khasia, Joowye, alt. 3500 ft. Hooker & Thomson 602, 607 (K). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, North Bengal, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. 64. Bambusa polymorpha Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 98. 1868 Syntypes. Burma: Martaban, Pegu, (“Kijathounwa”); Brandis no. 1. Rangoon; McClelland s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar]. Cultivated in northwestern parts of India, introduced in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu; probably native to northeastern India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Records for Assam, Madhya Pradesh, and Tripura fide Naithani (1990). 65. Bambusa teres Buch.-Ham. ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 95. 1868 Syntypes. India: Bengal, Gongachora; Buchanan-Hamilton 881, Griffith s.n. Assam; Jenkins s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 66. Bambusa tulda Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2: 193. 1832 var. tulda Type. “The common bamboo of India: Bengal, where it grows in the greatest abundance every where.” Lectotype: Roxb. Icones 1403 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburg J. Bot. 51(1): 19. 1994. Checklist of the grasses of India 29 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, North Bengal, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes “Kumari & Singh (2014) indicate that this variety is cultivated in Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, North Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.” 67. Bambusa tulda Roxb. var. gamblei P. Kumari & P. Singh, Bamboo of Meghalaya 58. 2014 Type. India: Meghalaya: Garo hills, near Nokrek, 14 Sept. 2005, Kumari & Singh 346700 (CAL). Distribution. Meghalaya. Habit. Woody perennial. 68. Bambusa vulgaris J.C. Wendl., Coll. Pl. 2: 26, t. 47. 1810, nom. cons. Bambusa surinamensis Rupr., Bambuseae 49, t. 11. f. 49. 1839. Type: Surinam; 1827– 1828; Weigelt s.n. Bambusa thouarsii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 323, t. 73, 74. 1830. Type: “Crescit in insulis Madagascariae et Borboniae.” Type. “Bambusa vulgaris Wend.”, India; ex herb Wendland (GOET nos. 13986– 13919) (typ. cons.). Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that there are many other synonyms in the literature; see Ohrnberger (1999) and Vorontsova et al. (2016). Cephalostachyum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 138. 1868. Type. LT.: C. capitatum Munro (designated by McClure, Taxon 6: 201. 1957). 30 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 69. Cephalostachyum capitatum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 139. 1868 var. capitatum Schizostachyum capitatum (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989, non (Trin.) Rupr., 1840 Schizostachyum munroi S.Kumar & Par. Singh, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 70(1–4): 423. 1991 Syntypes. “Hab. in India or montibus, Khasia, Churra, 4000 ped. s.m.; Wallich et Griffith 1078, 1392 (in Herb. Griff.) Nunklow (“Sillee et Sullea”), no. 1813. Sikkim, 4000–6000 ft., Myong Valle (“Pyong”), Hooker & Thomson.” Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim [Bhutan]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that, “According to Kumari & Singh (2014), this was lectotypified by Stapleton in 1994. This needs to be verified, as they cite Griffith hb. No. 2682 as the LT.” 70. Cephalostachyum capitatum Munro var. decompositum Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 105. 1896 (as “decomposita”) Schizostachyum capitatum (Trin.) Rupr. var. decompositum (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989 Type. India: Sikkim; T. Anderson & Kurz s.n. Distribution. Meghalaya, Sikkim. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this variety was “not recognized in Kumari & Singh (2014), but also not formally synonymized.” 71. Cephalostachyum flavescens Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 252. 1873 Schizostachyum flavescens (Kurz) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989 Type. Pegu: H.B.C. culta. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this is also cultivated in West Bengal (Indian Botanic Gardens, Kolkata). Record for Andaman & Nicobar Islands fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 31 72. Cephalostachyum latifolium Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 140. 1868 Schizostachyum latifolium (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989, non Gamble, 1896 Cephalostachyum fuchsianum Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 107, t. 94. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Songchonglu, alt. 6000 ft.; 1889–1892; Gammie s.n. (K). Schizostachyum fuchsianum (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989 Cephalostachyum longwanum H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 136: 406. 2010 Lectotype. Bhutan; W. Griffith 2682 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 29. 1994. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 73. Cephalostachyum mannii (Gamble) Stapleton & D. Z. Li, Kew Bull. 52: 700. 1997 Arundinaria mannii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 26. 1896. Type: India: Meghalaya, Amkasur, Jainita Hills, 3000 ft.; April 24, 1889; G. Mann 21845 (K). Neomicrocalamus mannii (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 279. 1989 Racemobambos mannii (Gamble) M. Kumar, Bamboos of India, Compendium 230. 1998 Distribution. Meghalaya [China]. Habit. Woody perennial. 74. Cephalostachyum mishimianum H. B. Naithani, Indian Forester 140(7): 733. 2014 (as “mishmieanum”) Type. Arunchal Pradesh: 5 km after Udayk Pass, way to Hayuling 1200 m, Lohit District, H.B. Naithani 2141 (holotype: DD). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh. Habit. Woody perennial. 32 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 75. Cephalostachyum pallidum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 139. 1868 Schizostachyum pallidum (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989 Type. India: Mishmee, Birmah, Patkaye, 5000 ft.; Griffith s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that “In their discussion on p. 63, Kumari and Singh (2014) evidently consider this species as a synonym of C. capitatum, but do not formally synonymize it.” 76. Cephalostachyum pergracile Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 141. 1868 Schizostachyum pergracile (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989 Syntypes. Burma: Rangoon; J.E. McClelland s.n. Pegu; Brandis s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Dendrocalamus Nees, Linnaea 9: 476. 1835 Type. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees (Bambusa stricta Roxb.). 77. Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult. f.) Backer ex K. Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., ed. 2, 1: 301. 1927 Bambusa aspera Schult. & Schult. f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1352–1353. 1830. Type: “Arundarbor aspera Rumphius, Herb. Amb. 4: 11. In Amboina et Huamchela ad montium pedes.” Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this name has other synonyms in the literature; see Ohrnberger (1999) and Vorontsova et al. (2016). Checklist of the grasses of India 33 78. Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. B: 94. 1875 Bambusa brandisii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 109–110. 1868. Type: “Hab. in Ind. or. Tenasserim, Martaban, Pegu, usque ad 4000 ped. S.M., praecipue in saxis calcareis, Brandis no. 2 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, West Bengal [Myanmar, China, Myanmar]. Naturalized and cultivated; native to Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam but its natural distribution may include Manipur and the Andaman Islands. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). 79. Dendrocalamus calostachyus (Kurz) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. B: 94. 1875 Bambusa calostachya Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist 42: 250. 1873. Type: Burma: Ava, Bhamo, Kakhyen Hills, alt. 3500 ft.; Kurz s.n. Distribution. Meghalaya, Nagaland [China, Myanmar]. Native to northeastern India, China and Myanmar and also cultivated more widely in India. Habit. Woody perennial. 80. Dendrocalamus collettianus Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 93. t. 83. 1896 Type. Burma: Fort Stedman; 1892; Abdul Huk s.n. Distribution. West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Only cultivated in India. Habit. Woody perennial. 81. Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 150. 1868 Type. “Cult. Calcatta” [Botanical Garden, Calcutta], Lectotype: Hb. Munro (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburg J. Bot. 51(1): 23. 1994. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Probably only cultivated in India; probably native to Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand. Habit. Woody perennial. 34 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 82. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arn. ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 151. 1868 Bambusa monogynia Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 63. 1851 (non B. monogyna Blanco, 1837) Lectotype. India: Assam, Goalpara; July 17, 1808; Buchanan-Hamilton 882 (E). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburg J. Bot. 51(1): 23. 1994 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Woody perennial. 83. Dendrocalamus hookeri Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 151. 1868 var. hookeri Lectotype. India: Bengal orient, Pundua; June 11, 1850; J.D. Hooker & Thomson 411 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburg J. Bot. 51(1): 26. 1994 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, North Bengal, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 84. Dendrocalamus longispathus Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. B: 94. 1875 Type. Burma: mixed and tropical forests of Arracan, Pegu Yomah and Martaban; Metam s.n. Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Tripura, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Thailand]. Habit. Woody perennial. 85. Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 149. 1868 Bambusa membranacea (Munro) Stapleton & N.H. Xia, Kew Bull. 52(1): 238. 1997 Dendrocalamus longifimbriatus Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 92. 1896 Type. Burma: Martaban, Trogla; March 12, 1827; Numer. List [Wallich] no 5029 (K). LT designated by Stapleton & N.H. Xia in Kew Bull. 52: 238. 1997. Distribution. Kerala, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Apparently only cultivated in India; native to Laos, Myanmar and Thailand. Habit. Woody perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 35 86. Dendrocalamus parishii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 149. 1868 Dendrocalamus hookeri Munro var. parishii (Munro) Blatt., Indian Forester 55(11): 594. 1929 Type. India: Punjab Himalaya; Parish s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that “This species is not treated in Kumari and Singh (2014) and is not even included in their index. Perhaps does not occur in Meghalaya? Or more likely, given the distribution, is considered synonymous with D. hookeri. Needs further study.” 87. Dendrocalamus sahnii H.B. Naithani & Bahadur, Indian Forester 108(3): 212. f. 1. 1982 Type. India: Arunachal Pradesh, Subansiri District, Zoram, alt. 6000 ft.; April 28, 1977; H.B. Naithani ser II no. 902 (DD). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh. Habit. Woody perennial. 88. Dendrocalamus sericeus Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 148. 1868 Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees var. sericeus (Munro) Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 751. 1902 Syntypes. India: Behar [Bihar], Parasnath, alt. 4000 ft.; September, 1858; Thomson s.n., (K). India: Behar [Bihar], Parasnath; February, 1848; Hooker s.n. (K). Distribution. Bihar. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this was treated in Ohrnberger (1999) as a variety of D. strictus. Further study is required. 89. Dendrocalamus sikkimensis Gamble ex Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1770. 1888 Lectotype. India: Sikkim; July 20, 1885; Pantling s.n. (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburg J. Bot. 51(1): 26. 1994 36 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, North Bengal, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 90. Dendrocalamus somdevae H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 119(6): 504. 1993 (as “somdevai”) Type. Uttarakhand: Dehra Dun, Hardwar road between Jogiwala and Majri (Mokhampur), 11.3.1991, Som Deva 10985 (Holotype DD). Distribution. Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Woody perennial. 91. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees, Linnaea 9: 476–477. 1835 Bambos stricta Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1: 58. t. 80. 1798. Type: India: undershrub in deciduous forests; Roxburgh s.n. (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Author K. Gandhi observes, “Since Roxburgh’s collections from the Coromandel Coast were destroyed in a flood, a good comprehensive collection with the same local name from the same area should be made and designated as a neotype.” See also Stapleton (1994). Dinochloa Buse, Gram. (Buse) 47. 1854 Type. Dinochloa tjankorreh Buse, nom. illeg. (Bambusa scandens Blume, Dinochloa scandens (Blume) Kuntze). 92. Dinochloa andamanica Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 253. 1873 Type. India: “Andamans (etiam in insula Nicobaricis)”. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Habit. Woody perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 37 93. Dinochloa mcclellandii (Munro) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 253. 1873 (as “maclellandii”) Bambusa mcclellandii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 114. 1868 (as “McClellandi”). Type: “Hab. in Ind. or Pegu, Rangon, Phoungee Valley; M’Clelland v.s.” Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Records for Arunachal Pradesh and Assam fide Naithani (1990). 94. Dinochloa nicobariana R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 277. 1989 Type. India: Nicobar Island, North Nicobar, Katchal Island, Coastal Forest; P. Chakravarty 1129 (CAL). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Habit. Woody perennial. 95. Dinochloa scandens (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 773. 1891 Bambusa scandens Blume, Flora 7: 291. 1824. Type: Java: Megamendung; Blume s.n. (L). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Cultivated; native to Indonesia. Habit. Woody perennial. Gigantochloa Kurz ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 123. 1868 Lectotype. Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz ex Munro (Bambusa vulgaris var. atter Hassk.). LT designated by Holttum in Taxon 5: 28–30. 1956. 96. Gigantochloa albociliata (Munro) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. A: cxxxvi; App. B: 93. 1875 (as “albo-ciliata”) Oxytenanthera albociliata Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 129. 1868 (as “albo-ciliata”). Type: “Hab. in India or.” [Burma]: Pegu; Brandis 19 (“Wapyoogle” incolis). India: Moulmein; Falconer 27 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Cultivated, perhaps also naturalized; native to Myanmar. Habit. Woody perennial. 38 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 97. Gigantochloa andamanica (Kurz) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. For. Veg. Pegu, App. A. cxxxvi; App. B. 93 in clavi. 1875 Bambusa andamanica Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal n.s. 39 (2): 88. 1870. Type: Andaman Islands, south Andaman; 1875; Kurz s.n. Distribution. Andaman Islands [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this name was treated as a synonym of Gigantochloa nigrociliata in Vorontsova et al. (2016); see also remarks under that species. The status of this taxon requires further study. 98. Gigantochloa apus (Schult. & Schult. f.) Kurz ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 126. 1868 Bambusa apus Schult. & Schult.f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1353. 1830. Type: Indonesia: “Java ad montem Salaki”; Blume s.n. (check author). Gigantochloa kurzii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 65. 1896 Distribution. Meghalaya [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. 99. Gigantochloa atroviolacea Widjaja, Reinwardtia 10(3): 323. 1987 Type. Indonesia: Java, Wonosari, Nagasari; February, 1983; Ramlanto s.n. (BO). Distribution. West Bengal. Known only from cultivation; also in Indonesia and Malaysia. Habit. Woody perennial. 100. Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 125. 1868 Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl. var. atter Hassk., Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Hasskarl) 19. 1844 Bambusa thouarsii Kunth var. atter Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. 41. 1848 Syntypes. Indonesia: Java; Horsfield s.n. Java: Buitenzorg; Kurz s.n. Distribution. West Bengal. Cultivated only. [Indonesia and Malaysia]. Habit. Woody perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 39 101. Gigantochloa auriculata (Kurz) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. A: cxxxvii; App. B: 94. 1875 Bambusa auriculata Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist 39: 86. 1870. Type: Burma: Southern Pegu; Kurz 20 (CAL). Distribution. Assam [Bangladesh, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that Seethalakshmi and Kumar (1998) treat this as a member of the genus Bambusa, but Widjaja, quoted in Ohrnberger (1999), discussed it as a species of Gigantochloa. The placement here follows Widjaja, but on the basis of the available information, she does not regard the generic placement as settled. Both Wu et al. (2006) and Vorontsova et al. (2016) treat this name as a synonym of Bambusa vulgaris. 102. Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Kurz) Backer ex K. Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., ed. 2 1: 299. 1927 Schizostachyum hasskarlianum Kurz, Indian Forester 1: 352. 1876. Syntypes: Indonesia: Java, alt. 2000–3000 ft. Sumatra: Padang Distribution. Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, cultivated [also in Indonesia, where it is native]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Record for Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 103. Gigantochloa macrostachya Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 251. 1873. Type. Martaban, Tenasserim Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram [Bangladesh, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. 104. Gigantochloa nigrociliata (Buse) Kurz, Indian Forester 1(4): 345, 1876 var. nigrociliata Bambusa nigrociliata Buse, Pl. Jungh. 389. 1854 (as “Nigro-ciliata”). Type: “Habitat insulam Javae Prope Tjiberem”; Junghuhn s.n. 40 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Oxytenanthera nigrociliata (Buse) Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 228. 1868 (as “nigro-ciliata”) Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Kerala, cultivated [Myanmar]. Native to Indonesia. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that Seethalakshmi and Kumar (1998) consider this to be a synonym of Gigantochloa rostrata, but other treatments maintain it as a species. Ohrnberger (1999) indicates that it occurs in the “eastern, central, and north-eastern parts” of India in addition to the Andamans. Dransfield and Widjaja (1995) list G. nigrociliata as doubtful for India, suggesting that the Indian records refer to other species. The status of the species and the following variety both need reevaluation in India and generally. 105. Gigantochloa nigrociliata (Buse) Kurz var. hohenackeri (Fischer) H. B. Naithani, Fl. Pl. India, Nepal & Bhutan 514. 1990 Oxytenanthera nigrociliata (Buse) Munro var. hohenackeri Fischer, Kew Bull. 1935:96. 1935 Distribution. Karnataka. Overall occurrence not understood well. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). 106. Gigantochloa parvifolia (Brandis ex Gamble) T.Q. Nguyen, Bot. Zhurn. 75(2): 224. 1990 Pseudoxytenanthera parvifolia (Brandis ex Gamble) T.Q. Nyugen, Bot. Zurn. (Moscow and Leningrad) 76(7): 993. 1991 Oxytenanthera parvifolia Brandis ex Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 72. t. 63. 1896. Type: Burma: Yonzalin Valley; March, 1880; D. Brandis s.n. Distribution. Assam, Mizoram [Myanmar]. Cultivated. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Records for Assam and Mizoram fide Naithani (1990). 107. Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea (Steud.) Widjaja, Reinwardtia 10(3): 305. 1987 Bambusa pseudoarundinacea Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 330. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java; H. Zollinger 3479 (L). Checklist of the grasses of India 41 Bambusa verticillata Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 245. 1799 Gigantochloa verticillata (Willd.) Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 124. 1868 Nastus verticillatus (Willd.) Sm., Cycl. (Rees) 24: n. 3. 1819 Distribution. West Bengal [Myanmar]. Known only in cultivation. Habit. Woody perennial. 108. Gigantochloa rostrata K.M. Wong, Malaysian Forester 45(3): 349. 1982 Type. Malaya; October 15, 1980; K.M. Wong KEP FRI 28981 (L). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tripura [Bangladesh]. Known only in cultivation. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that “Kumari and Singh (2014) synonymize G. nigrociliata under this species, and in the discussion mention the G. nigrociliata of Widjaja. This needs to be addressed, as noted under G. nigrociliata.” 109. Gigantochloa tekserah E.G. Camus, Bamb. 141. 1913 Type. Garo Hills; 1889; G. Mann s.n. (?). Distribution. Meghalaya. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this species is not mentioned by Kumari and Singh (2014), and furthermore, that this name is treated as a synonym of Gigantochloa macrostachya by Vorontsova et al. (2016). Melocalamus Benth. in Benth. & J.D. Hooker, Gen. Pl. 3, 2: 1095, 1212. 1883 Type. Melocalamus compactiflorus (Kurz) Benth. (Pseudostachyum compactiflorum Kurz). 110. Melocalamus compactiflorus (Kurz) Benth., Gen. Pl. (Bentham & Hooker f.) 3: 1212. 1883 Pseudostachyum compactiflorum Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 252. 1873. Type: ? Dinochloa compactiflora (Kurz) McClure, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936: 253. 1936 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar]. 42 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Habit. Woody perennial. 111. Melocalamus indicus R.B. Majumdar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 236. 1985 (“1983”) Dinochloa indica (R.B. Majumdar) Bennet, Van Vigyan 27(2): 121. 1989 Type. India: Cachar, Bhuban Hills; Majumder 73083 (CAL). Distribution. Assam, Manipur. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 112. Melocalamus mastersii (Munro) R.B. Majumdar, in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 278. 1989 Bambusa mastersii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 113. 1868. Type: India: Assam, Dibrooghur; Masters 1123 Melocalamus gracilis R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 278. 1989. Type: India: Barail Range, near Kailana, 9 km from Gumri rest house on Shillong, Cachar Road near P.W.D. Shed; R.B. Majumdar 1138 (CAL). Dinochloa gracilis (R.B. Majumdar) Bennet & Jain ex D.N. Tewari, Monogr. Bamboo 82. 1992. Distribution. Assam. Habit. Woody perennial. Melocanna Trin. in K.P.J. Sprengel, Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 43. 1820 (sero) (“1821”) Type. Melocanna bambusoides Trin., nom. illeg. (Bambusa baccifera Roxb.; Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz). 113. Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu App. B: 94. 1875, nom. cons. Bambusa baccifera Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: 37, t. 243. 1795. Lectotype: Roxburgh, Icones 1401 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 27. 1994. Checklist of the grasses of India 43 Distribution. Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Woody perennial. 114. Melocanna clarkei (Gamble ex Brandis) P. Kumari & P. Singh, Nelumbo 51: 234. 2009 Arundinaria clarkei Gamble ex Brandis, Indian Trees 666. 1906 (Note: considered to be an invalid name fide Stapleton, 1994). Neomicrocalamus clarkei (Gamble ex Brandis) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 279. 1989 Racemobambos clarkei (Gamble ex Brandis) M. Kumar, Bamboos of India, Compendium 230. 1998 Schizostachyum mannii R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon) 281. 1989. Type: India: Jowai, Khasia & Jaintia Hills; G. Mann 31982 (CAL). Bambusa khasiana sensu Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 39. t. 37. 1896, non Munro, 1868. Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya Manipur, Sikkim. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Record for Manipur fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Clark notes that S. mannii has been synonymized with M. clarkei by Kumari and Singh (2014). 115. Melocanna humilis Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(4): 251. 1873, non Roep. ex Trin., 1822 Melocanna arundina C.E. Parkinson, Indian Forester 61: 326. 1935 Distribution. Assam, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Thailand]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Record for Assam fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Clark notes that “Kumari and Singh (2014) indicate that there are two species of Melocanna, M. baccifera and M. clarkei, and that both occur in Meghalaya, but they do not make any reference to M. humilis.” Neohouzeaua A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat. Paris 28: 100. 1922 Type. LT.: Neohouzeaua mekongensis A. Camus (vide McClure, Taxon 6: 206. 1957). 44 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 116. Neohouzeaua dullooa (Gamble) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 28: 101. 1922 Teinostachyum dullooa Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 101. 1896 (as “dulloa”). Type: Burma: Katha District, Hawyaw Monastery Garden; February, 1892; Oliver s.n. (K). Schizostachyum dullooa (Gamble) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989 Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. 117. Neohouzeaua helferi (Munro) Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1923: 91. 1923 Bambusa helferi Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 114. 1868. Type: Burma: Tenasserim; Helfer 411 Pseudostachyum helferi (Munro) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 253. 1872 Teinostachyum helferi (Munro) Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 102. t. 90. 1896 Schizostachyum helferi (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Neololeba Widjaja, Reinwardtia 11(2): 112–113. 1997 Type. Neololeba atra (Lindl.) Widjaja (Bambusa atra Lindl.). 118. Neololeba atra (Lindl.) Widjaja, Reinwardtia 11(2): 114. 1997. Bambusa atra Lindl., Penny, Cyclop. 3: 357. 1835. Type: found in Amboyna Bambusa lineata Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 118. 1868. Type: “Hab. in Ins. Ternate et Celebe. In Amboina exotica, Rumph.” Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Cultivated and perhaps also naturalized; native to New Guinea, the Moluccas and Sangihe Island and possibly also the Philippines. Checklist of the grasses of India 45 Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this name has many other synonyms in the literature; see Ohrnberger (1999) and Vorontsova et al. (2016). Neomicrocalamus P.C. Keng, J. Bamboo Res. 2(2): 10. 1983 Type. Neomicrocalamus prainii (Gamble) Keng f. (Microcalamus prainii Gamble). Substitute name for Microcalamus J.S. Gamble 1890, non A.R. Franchet 1889. 119. Neomicrocalamus andropogonifolius (Griff.) Stapleton, Edinburgh J. Bot. 51(3): 325. 1994 Bambusa andropogonifolia Griff., Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts. 124. 1848. Type: Bhutan, Tashigang District, Diri Chhu, [27°10'N, 91°26'E], alt. 3600 ft.; Griffith Itin 417 (K). Distribution. Nagaland [Bhutan]. Habit. Woody perennial. 120. Neomicrocalamus prainii (Gamble) Keng f., J. Bamboo Res. 2(2): 10. 1983 Microcalamus prainii Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 59(2): 207. pl. 7. 1890. Type: India: Assam, Naga Hills, 8300 ft.; April 23, 1886; Prain s.n. (K). Arundinaria prainii (Gamble) Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 21. t. 19. 1896 Racemobambos prainii (Gamble) Keng f. & T.H. Wen, J. Bamboo Res. 5(2): 13. 1986 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland [China]. Habit. Woody perennial. Ochlandra Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 376. 1864 Type. Ochlandra stridula Thwaites. 121. Ochlandra beddomei Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 124. t. 110. 1896 Type. India: Wynaad; Beddome s.n. 46 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Woody perennial. 122. Ochlandra ebracteata Raizada & Chatterjee, Indian Forester 89(5): 362. 1963 Type. India: Kerala, Parithipally range, Kottur reserve, Trivandrum division; June 28, 1961; Managing Agents, Punalur Paper Mills s.n. (DD). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990). 123. Ochlandra keralensis M. Kumar, Remesh & Sequiera, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 25(1): 49–51. f. 1(A–N). 2001 Type. India: Kerala, Pathanamthitta District, Pachakkanam, 3200 ft.; December 9, 1998; Remesh; Stephen 20730 (KFRI). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Woody perennial. 124. Ochlandra scriptoria (Dennst.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1863. 1934 Bambusa scriptoria Dennst., Schlussel Hort. Malab. 31. 1818. Type: Rheede, Hortus. Malab. 3. t. 60 as “Beesha” Beesha rheedii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 434. 1833. Type: Rheede, Hortus. Malab. 5. 119. t. 60 as “Beesha” Ochlandra rheedii (Kunth) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 121. t. 107. 1896 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Woody perennial. 125. Ochlandra setigera Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 128. t. 115. 1896 Type. India: western slopes of Nilgiri Hills, Gudalur, alt. 3000 ft.; H. Trimen s.n. Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Woody perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 47 126. Ochlandra sivagiriana (Gamble) E.G. Camus, Bambusees (Camus) 181. t. 99. f. c. 1913 Ochlandra rheedii Benth. ex Gamble var. sivagiriana Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 122. t. 108. 1896. Syntypes: India: Sivagiri Hills, 4000–4500 ft.; Gamble s.n. (K). Pulney Hills, alt. 1300–1400 ft.; 1873; Beddome s.n. Ochlandra scriptoria (Dennst.) Fisch. var. sivagiriana (Gamble) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3: 1863. 1934 Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Woody perennial. 127. Ochlandra soderstromiana M. Kumar & Sequiera, Rheedea 9(1): 33. f. 2. 1999 Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Kallar, Kallar Valley Estate, alt. 3200 ft.; June 15, 1998; Stephen Sequiera 008883 (KFRI). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Woody perennial. 128. Ochlandra spirostylis M. Kumar, K.K. Seethal. & Sequiera, Rheedea 9(1): 31–33. 1999 Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Adimali, Chattuparakudy, 3000 ft.; May 30, 1998; Stephen Sequiera 008884 (KFRI). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Woody perennial. 129. Ochlandra talbotii Brandis, Indian Trees 684. 1906 (as “talboti”) Type. India: North Kanara; Brandis s.n. Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Woody perennial. 130. Ochlandra travancorica (Bedd.) Benth. ex Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 125. t. 111. 1896 var. travancorica Beesha travancorica Bedd., Forester’s Man. Bot. 234. 1873. Type: India: Mountains of Tinnevelly and Travancore, alt. 3000–5000 ft., Madras; Beddome s.n. 48 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Woody perennial. 131. Ochlandra travancorica (Bedd.) Benth. ex Gamble var. hirsuta Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 126. t. 112. 1896 Type. India: Travancore Hills; Beddome s.n. Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Woody perennial. 132. Ochlandra wightii (Munro) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1864. 1934 Bambusa wightii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 111. 1868. Syntypes: India: Courtallum; Wight 1009. Malabar; Wight 117, Wight 1346. Ochlandra brandisii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 126. t. 113. 1896. Type: India: Tinnevelly Ghats, Courtallum, alt. 3000 ft.; 1835; Wight 1009 Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Ochlandra kadambaranii. Taxonomic editor Clark suggests that the name Ochlandra kadambaranii, for which UmaShaanker et al. (2004) provide a distribution map, is probably a nomen nudum, but this needs to be checked. Oxytenanthera Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 126. 1868 Lectotype. Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro (Bambusa abyssinica A. Rich.). LT designated by McClure in Taxon 6: 206. 1957. 133. Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 127. 1868 Bambusa abyssinica A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 439. 1850–1851. Syntypes: Ethiopia: near Djeladjeranne [Tchelatchekanne]; December 15, 1839; G.H.W. Schimper s.n. [501] (P). Ethiopia: Banks of R. Tacazze; Quartin Dillon & Petit s.n. (P). Ethiopia: Aderbati; Quartin Dillon & Petit s.n. (P). Distribution. Uttarakhand. Cultivated; native to tropical Africa. Habit. Woody perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 49 Pseudobambusa Nguyen, Bot. Zurn. 76(7): 992. 1991 Type. Pseudobambusa kurzii (Munro) Ohrnb. 134. Pseudobambusa kurzii (Munro) Ohrnb., Bamb. World Introd. Ed. 4: 19. 1997 Melocanna kurzii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 134. 1868. Type: India: Andaman Island; Kurz s.n. Bambusa kurzii (Munro) N.P. Balakr., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 22(1–4): 176. 1982 (“1980”) Schizostachyum kurzii (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989 Bambusa schizostachyoides Kurz in Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 48, t. 44. 1896, nom. superfl. & illeg. Teinostachyum schizostachyoides Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 39: 89. 1870, nom. superfl. & illeg. Cephalostachyum schizostachyoides Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu Append. App. B. 94., in clavi, A. A., 137, 1875, nom. superfl. & illeg. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Manipur [Myanmar, Vietnam]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark observes that Manipur seems unlikely to be part of the native range, since this species is native to the southern part of Myanmar and also the southern part of Vietnam, as well the Andamans. Pseudostachyum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 141. 1868 Type. Pseudostachyum polymorphum Munro. 135. Pseudostachyum polymorphum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 142. t. 4. 1868 Schizostachyum polymorphum (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989 Lectotype. India: Assam, Nigrigam; January 18, 1836; Griffith 6735 (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 30. 1994. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Woody perennial. 50 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Pseudoxytenanthera Soderstr. & R.P. Ellis, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 72: 52. 1988 Type. Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha (Thwaites) Soderstr. & R.P. Ellis (Dendrocalamus monadelphus Thwaites). 136. Pseudoxytenanthera bourdillonii (Gamble) H.B. Naithani, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 87: 440. 1991 (“1990”) Oxytenanthera bourdillonii Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 76. 1896 (as “ bourdilloni”). Type: “Western Ghats of Travancore, grows only on steep precipitous places and wet rocks at elevations of 3000–4000 ft.”; J.F. Bourdillon s.n. Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Woody perennial. 137. Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha (Thwaites) Soderstr. & R.P. Ellis, Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 72: 52. 1988 Dendrocalamus monadelphus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 5: 376. 1864. Lectotype: Sri Lanka: Ambagamuwa; December, 1854; Thwaites C.P. 3359 (PDA). LT designated by Soderstrom and Ellis in Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 72: 52. 1988. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Woody perennial. 138. Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi (Munro) H.B. Naithani, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 87(3): 440. 1991 (“1990”) Bambusa ritcheyi Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 113. 1868. Type: India: Bombay, Kala Nuddi; Ritchie 820 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Woody perennial. 139. Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii (Munro) H.B. Naithani, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 87(3): 440 1991 (“1990”) Oxytenanthera stocksii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 130. 1868. Type: India: Concan; Stocks s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 51 Dendrocalamus stocksii (Munro) M. Kumar, Remesh & Unnikr. Sida 21(1): 95. 2004 Distribution. Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra [also in Vietnam]. Cultivated, or perhaps also native. Habit. Woody perennial. Schizostachyum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 535. 1829 Type. Schizostachyum blumei Nees. 140. Schizostachyum brachycladum (Kurz ex Munro) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 39(2): 89. t. 6. f. 2. 29. 1870 Melocanna zollingeri (Steud.) Kurz ex Munro var. brachyclada Kurz ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 134. 1868 Schizostachyum zollingeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 332. 1854. Type: Java Distribution. West Bengal [also in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore]. Probably only cultivated in India. Habit. Woody perennial. 141. Schizostachyum rogersii Brandis, Indian Trees 679. 1906 Type. India: Andamans; G. Rogers s.n. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Nagaland. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that Seethalakshmi and Kumar (1998) consider this species to be endemic to the Andamans, suggesting that the mainland records refer to cultivated plants or are erroneous. 142. Schizostachyum virgatum (Munro) H.B. Naithani & Bennet, Indian Forester 117(1): 68. 1991 Melocanna virgata Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 133. 1868. Type: Hab. in India or Burmah, Keouksik ad fluv. Mogong; Griffith s.n. (K). Cephalostachyum virgatum (Munro) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu App. A 137: 1875 Distribution. India, cultivated [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. 52 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Stapletonia P. Singh, S.S. Dash, & P. Kumari, Nelumbo 51: 241. 2009 Type. Stapletonia arunachalensis (H.B. Naithani) P. Singh, S.S. Dash & P. Kumari (Schizostachyum arunachalense H.B. Naithani). 143. Stapletonia arunachalensis (H.B. Naithani) P. Singh, S.S. Dash & P. Kumari, Nelumbo 51: 241. 2009 Schizostachyum arunachalensis H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 118(3): 230. 1992. Type: India: Arunachal Pradesh: Subansiri District, Baja near Daporijo, 300 m; 17.3.1986; H.B. Naithani 1406 (holotype, DD). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh. Habit. Woody perennial. 144. Stapletonia rigoensis L. B. Singha, P. Niri, & R. Devi, Phytotaxa 350(1): 82. 2018 Type. India: Arunachal Pradesh, Near Rigo village, 400 – 500 m, 001/LBS/2017 (holotype: ASSAM). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh. Habit. Perennial 145. Stapletonia seshagiriana (R.B. Majumdar) H.B. Naithani, Indian Forester 139: 1048. 2013 Schizostachyum seshagirianum R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 282. 1989. Type: India: Arunachal Pradesh, Garsing to Eyo, Spiang, alt. 1900 ft.; R.S. Rao 1794 (CAL). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh. Habit. Woody perennial. Teinostachyum Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 142. 1868 Lectotype. Teinostachyum griffithii Munro (designated by McClure, Taxon 6: 209. 1957). Checklist of the grasses of India 53 146. Teinostachyum beddomei C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(9): 1860. 1934 Schizostachyum beddomei (C.E.C. Fisch.) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989 Bambusa wightii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 111. 1868. Syntypes: India; R.H. Beddome 117, 1009, 1346 (US-79430). Hab. in Ind. or. Courtallum; Wight 1009. India: Malabar; Wight 117. India; Wight 1346 Teinostachyum wightii (Munro) Bedd., Fl. Sylv. S. India t. 323. 1873 Type. Nilgiri and Travancore Hills, alt. 3000–5000 ft. Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that the nomenclature here needs to be investigated and the type material studied. The name B. wightii has several syntypes and was based on vegetative material only, so it is unclear what species name really applies to although it appears to be validly published. In addition, T. wightii may be misapplied fide Ohrnberger (1999). 147. Teinostachyum griffithii Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26: 143, t. 3. 1868 Schizostachyum griffithii (Munro) R.B. Majumdar in S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 281. 1989 Type. Burma: Prope Wulloboom “in sylvis collinis”; Griffith s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya [Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Thyrsostachys Gamble, Indian Forester 20: 1. 1894 Type. Thyrsostachys oliveri Gamble. 148. Thyrsostachys oliveri Gamble, Indian Forester 20: 1. 1894 Type. “The bamboo was discovered by Mr. J.W. Oliver, conservator of forests of the eastern circile of Upper Burma and the photograph from the negative of which our picture has been obtained, was taken by him.” Burma; J.W. Oliver s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this species is cultivated in the Indian Botanical Garden, Calcutta and Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun. 54 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 149. Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 7: 59–60. t. 51. 1896, nom. cons. Bambusa regia Thomson ex Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 26(1): 116. 1868 Lectotype: Kurz s.n. (K). LT designated by Stapleton in Taxon 47: 739. 1998. Thyrsostachys regia (Thomson ex Munro) Bennet, Indian Forester 114(10): 711. 1988 Distribution. Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Probably only cultivated in India. Habit. Woody perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Clark notes that this species is cultivated in the Indian Botanical Garden, Calcutta and Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun. Subfamily Oryzoideae Kunth x Beilschm. (1833) Plants perennial, generally herbaceous and with or without rhizomes or stolons. Spikelets with 2 glumes, or the glumes lacking. Flowers 3, the proximal two sterile and only the distal one fertile. Lemma with or without an awn. Lodicules 2. Fusoid cells absent or present, mesophyll cells with or without invaginated cell walls, midrib simple or complex. Within Oryzoideae, Ehrharteae and Oryzeae are clearly sisters (e.g., (Kellogg 2009; Saarela et al. 2018; Tang et al. 2010)). Members of these two tribes have characteristic “oryzoid” silica bodies in the leaves. These are narrow and elongated perpendicular to the proximo-distal axis of the leaf and form over the veins, which is an unusual position for silica bodies (Metcalfe 1960). Most species have a chromosome base number of x = 12. All Oryzeae and many Ehrharteae are plants of moist habitats, a character that may be ancestral (Kellogg 2015b). In contrast to Ehrharteae and Oryzeae, the position of Streptogyna has long been controversial. However, recent phylogenetic work using complete plastomes places it sister to the Ehrharteae + Oryzeae clade (Saarela et al. 2018). It lacks the distinctive characters of the other two tribes having multi-flowered spikelets and lacking the distinctive silica bodies. Nuclear phylogenies place it sister to the BOP clade (Mathews et al. 2000) or to Bambusoideae (Hisamoto et al. 2008). Taxonomic editor: G. Anthony Verboom, University of Cape Town Tribe Ehrharteae Nevski, 1937 Ehrharteae has no obvious diagnostic character, although the simple vasculature in the midrib and lack of an epiblast in the embryo might be synapomorphic (Kellogg 2015b). The plants vary in habit, presence or absence of auricles in the leaves, and ligule morphology. Stamen number also varies, with individual species having 2, 3, 4, or 6 stamens. This character has been used in the past to segregate genera from Ehrharta but phylogenetic studies (Verboom et al. 2003) show that all species are best placed in a single genus. Checklist of the grasses of India 55 Ehrharta Thunb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 40: 217. t. 8. 1779, nom. cons. [incl. Microlaena R. Br., Tetrarrhena R. Br., Zotovia Edgar & Connor] Type. Ehrharta capensis Thunb. 150. Ehrharta abyssinica Hochst., Flora 38: 193. 1855 Ehrharta erecta Lam. var. abyssinica (Hochst.) Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9(87): 508. 1926. Type: Abyssina; Buchinger 1460 Type. Abyssina [Ethiopia]; 1853; Schimper, Hb. abyss. Buchinger 1460 (STR). Distribution. Tamil Nadu, presumably naturalized. Native to Africa. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Verboom notes that this species may or may not be distinct from E. erecta, and might be treated better as a variety of that species. 151. Ehrharta calycina Sm., Pl. Icon. Ined. 2: t. 33. 1790 Trochera calycina (Sm.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 62. t. 12 f. 4. 1812 Ehrharta auriculata Steud., Flora 12: 491. 1829 Melica geniculata Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 21. 1794. Type: Promontorio Bonae Spei Africas. [South Africa: Cape of Good Hope]; Thunberg s.n. Ehrharta geniculata (Thunb.) Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 192. 1800 Ehrharta ovata Nees, Linnaea 7: 336. 1832. Type: “Sandige Flache unter dem Tigerberge bei Duiker vallei.”; Ecklon s.n. Ehrharta paniculata Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 2: 542. 1812 Ehrharta adscendens Schrad. ex Schult. & Schult. f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1372. 1830 pro syn. Ehrharta undulata Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5, 3(3): 70. 1839, nom. nud., pro syn. Melica festucoides Licht. ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5, 3(3): 70. 1839, pro syn. Ehrharta calycina Sm. Ehrharta mnemateia Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 66. 1794, non L.f., 1782. Type: Africa; Thunberg s.n. Ehrharta laxiflora sensu Schult. & Schult. f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1373. 1830, non Schrad., 1821 Aira capensis L.f., Suppl. Pl. 108. 1782 (“1781”), non Ehrharta capensis Thunb., 1779. Type: “Habitat ad Cap. Bonae spei, Sparrmann.” 56 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to Africa, and also naturalized in Australasia, South America. Habit. Annual or perennial. 152. Ehrharta capensis Thunb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 40: 217. t. 8. 1779 Ehrharta mnemateia L.f., Suppl. Pl. 209. 1782 (“1781”). Type: “Habitat in Africa.” D.D. Thunberg s.n. Ehrharta nutans Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2(1): 346. 1786, nom. superfl. & illeg. for E. capensis. Type: “Cette plante croit au Cap de Bonne-Esperance, & nous a été communiquée par M. Sonnerat, ainsi que celle qui fuit.” Type. “Herr Ehrhart vistas nu I Hannover.” Distribution. India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to Africa. Habit. Perennial. 153. Ehrharta erecta Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 2(1): 347. 1786 Ehrharta panicea Sm., Pl. Icon. Ined. t. 9. 1789. Type: “Ex Capite Bonae Spei adtulit Sonnerat anno 1776.” Sonnerat s.n. (Herb. Thouin). Ehrharta paniciformis Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5, 3(3): 64. 1839. Type: not given Panicum deflexum Guss., Fl. Napol. 5: 320. 1835, nom. later hom., non Schumach, 1827 Trochera panicea Baill., Hist. Pl. (Baillon) 12: 171, f. 313, 314. 1894, non (Sm.) Kuntze, 1891 Type. “Cette plante se trouve fans aucune etiquette dans la collection de Graminees que M. Sonnerat nous a communiquee; mais nous ne savons pas positivement si ell est du Cap, comme la precedente ou si elle est de l’Inde.” Distribution. India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to southern Africa, and also naturalized in China. Habit. Perennial. 154. Ehrharta longiflora Sm., Pl. Icon. Ined. 2: t. 32. 1790 Ehrharta aristata Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 66. 1794. Type: Promontoria Bonae Spei Africes; 1772–1775; Thurnberg s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 57 Ehrharta eckloniana Schrad. ex Schult. & Schult. f., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7(2): 1376. 1830. Type: “In Promont. b. spei, prope muros ad urbem Cap, Ecklon s.n.” Ehrharta longiseta Schrad., Gött. Gel. Anz. 3: 2078. 1821. Type: South Africa: Cape, Cape Good Hope; Hesse s.n. Ehrharta urvilleana Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 9. t. 6. 1829. Type: “Legit cel Dumont d’Urville in insula S. Helenae.” Ehrharta banksii J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 2: 549. 1791, nom. superfl & illeg? (cited Smith pl. ic. ined. p. 9) Type. “Ad Prom. Bonae Spei legit Masson. Herb. Banks. Herb Lin. Ex eadem regione relata adest nescio quo lecta botanico.” Distribution. Reported for India. Apparently naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to Africa. Habit. Annual. 155. Ehrharta stipoides Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl. 1: 91, t. 118. 1805 Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 210. 1810 Type. “Habitat in capite Van-Diemen.” Australia: Tasmania, Capite van-Dieman; Labillardière s.n. (FI). Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Apparently naturalized. Likely native to Australia. Habit. Perennial. Tribe Oryzeae Dumort. (1824) Plants annual or perennial. Leaves with a membranous ligule, with or without a pseudopetiole. Spikelets with the sterile flowers reduced to lemmas or lacking entirely. Glumes reduced or absent. Midrib with two or more vascular bundles, with bundles placed ad- and abaxially, and often with air spaces. The distinctive midrib anatomy that is here interpreted as synapomorphic for the tribe is lost in Luziola and Hygroryza (Kellogg 2015b; Tateoka 1963). All members of the tribe grow in sites that are moist or regularly flooded, and a few are truly aquatic (Kellogg 2015b). Hygroryza Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 15: 380. 1833 Type. Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees (Pharus aristatus Retz.). 58 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 156. Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 15: 380. 1833. Pharus aristatus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 23. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Habitat in Indiae aquosis.” Leersia aristata (Retz.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 207. 1832. Zizania aristata (Retz.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 8. 1829 Potamochloa retzii Griff., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 5: 571. t. 24. 1836, nom. illeg. superfl.? Zizania retzii Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 2: 136. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Pharus aristatus Retz. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Aquatic perennial. Leersia Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 1, 21. 1788, nom. cons. Type. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. (Phalaris oryzoides L.) (typ. cons.) 157. Leersia hackelii Keng, Sinensia 11: 412. 1940 Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. var. japonica Hack., Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 645. 1899, non Leersia japonica Makino, 1892. Type: Coll. Matsum: Tokyo Leersia oryzoides sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 94. 1896, non (L.) Sw., 1788 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China]. Habit. Perennial. 158. Leersia hexandra Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 21. 1788 Asprella hexandra (Sw.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 267. 1817 Leersia australis R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 210. 1810. Type: “Designat vicinitatem Coloniae apud Portum Jackson, inclusis ripis aestuarii Hunter’s River vel Coal River nuncupati”; Brown s.n. (BM). Littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum; R. Brown s.n. Asprella australis (R. Br.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 267. 1817 Checklist of the grasses of India 59 Leersia abyssinica Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 356. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in locis paludosis planitiei montanae Chiré, mense Octobre, Schimp. no. 1823.” Ethiopia: Locis Paludosis in Planitie Montana, Provincia Schire; October 10, 1840; W. Schimper 1823 Leersia capensis C. Muell, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14(20): 345. 1856. Type: South Africa “Prom. bonae spei, Uitenhagen”; 1847; Alexander s.n. (K) Leersia griffithiana C. Muell, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14(20): 345. 1856. Type: Bengal; Griffith s.n. (B?). Leersia luzonensis J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 207. 1830. Type: “Hab. in insula Luzonia.” Philippines: Luzonia; Haenke s.n. Leersia mauritanica Salzm. ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5, 3(4): 174. 1840. Type: Egypt: Tingit; Sieber s.n. (M, Isotype). Leersia mexicana Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 195 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in convsalle Mexicana inter Chalco et Xochimilco, alt. 1168 hexap.” Mexico: Chalco, Xochimilco; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P). Asprella mexicana (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 267. 1817 Leersia parviflora Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 61. 1831. Type: “Crescit in Aegyptia.” Leersia triniana Siebold ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 174. 1840, nom. invalid? (vide Tropicos) Oryza hexandra (Sw.) Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 10–11. 1871 Pharus ciliatus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 23. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Ad margines stagnorum lectum dedit honor Koenig.” Type. Jamaica; Swartz s.n. (S). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 159. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 21. 1788 Phalaris oryzoides L., Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Virginiae paludibus nemorosis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 78.10 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 115. 1908. Leersia hackelii sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 599. 1960, non Keng., 1940 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Possibly naturalized in India. Habit. Perennial. 60 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Oryza L., Sp. Pl. 1: 333. 1753 Type. Oryza sativa L. 160. Oryza australiensis Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20 (Heft. 85): 333. 1915 Type. Nord Australien: Queensl.; F.M. Bailey s.n. Distribution. India; states not reported [China]. Naturalized in both countries; native to Australia and New Zealand. Habit. Perennial. 161. Oryza barthii A. Chev., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16(7): 405–406. 1911 Oryza breviligulata A. Chev. & Roehr., Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 159: 560. 1914 Type. Chevalier 9615; Chad. Distribution. India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to Africa. Habit. Annual. 162. Oryza brachyantha A. Chev. & Roehr., Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 159: 561. 1914 Syntypes. Chevalier s.n.; Sudan: western Sudan, Ségou; Schweinfurth s.n.; Egypt: pays des Djurs. Distribution. India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to Africa. Habit. Annual. 163. Oryza coarctata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 2: 206. 1832 Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) Tateoka, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 8(3): 406. 1965 Sclerophyllum coarctatum (Roxb.) Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 8. 1851 Oryza triticoides Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 8. t. 142. f. 1. 1851 Type. India: Delta of the Gangas; 1796; Buchanan-Hamilton s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 61 164. Oryza glaberrima Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 3. 1853 Type. Guinea; Jardin s.n. (P). Distribution. Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh [China]. Naturalized in both countries; native to Africa. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 165. Oryza grandiglumis (Döll) Prodhl., Bot. Arch. 1: 233. 1922 Oryza sativa L. var. grandiglumis Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 8. 1871. Type: Brasilia: in valle Broco lectae; Luschnath s.n. Type. Brasilien; Riedel 1261. Distribution. India. Naturalized, but state localities not reported. Native to South America; also naturalized in China. Habit. Annual. 166. Oryza indandamanica Ellis, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 27(1–4): 225. f. 1–7. 1987 (“1985”) Type. India: Andamans Island, Rutland Island; July 26, 1986; Ellis PBL 12248A. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Habit. Perennial. 167. Oryza jeyporensis Govindasw. & K.H. Krishnam., Sci. & Cult. 24: 234. 1956, nom. invalid. Distribution. Odisha. Habit. Not reported. Remarks. Protologue lacks Latin description. 168. Oryza latifolia Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 77. 1813 Oryza sativa L. var. latifolia (Desv.) Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 7. 1871 Type. “Habitat in Carolina (error), insulaque Portorici.” Puerto Rico; Desvaux s.n. (P-Juss). 62 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Sikkim [China]. Habit. Perennial. 169. Oryza meyeriana (Zollinger & Moritzi) Baill. ssp. granulata (Nees & Arn. ex G. Watt) Tateoka, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 75: 460. 1962 Oryza granulata Nees & Arn. ex G. Watt., Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 500. 1891. Syntypes: Sikkim, Assam, Burma, Bengal, Malabar, Courtallum; Wight s.n., Griffith s.n., Simons s.n., Hooker s.n., Beddome s.n., Kurz s.n., Brandeis s.n. Oryza meyeriana (Zollinger & Moritzi) Baill. var. granulata (Nees & Arn. ex Watt) Duistermaat, Blumea 32: 185. 1987 Oryza meyeriana sensu C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1845. 1934, non Baill., 1894 Oryza indandamanica J.L. Ellis, Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 27: 225. 1985. Type: Andaman Islands, Rutland Is., 30 m alt., 26 Jul 1986; PBL 12248 (Ellis) Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 170. Oryza minuta J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 208. 1830 Oryza manilensis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C. 3(4): 219. 1908. Type: Philippines: Luzon Island, Rizal Province; March, 1907; M. Ramos BS 2194 (PNH). Oryza latifolia sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 92. 1896, non Desv., 1813 Type. Habitat in insula Luzonia.” Philippines: Luzon; Haenke s.n. (PR). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 171. Oryza nivara Sharma & Shashtry, Indian J. Genet. Pl. Breed. 25: 161. 1965 Oryza sativa L. var. fatua Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 1184. 1903, p.p. Type: India: “Orissa, Sundribuns; W. Bengal, N. Bengal.” Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Gujarat and Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 63 172. Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 501. 1891 ssp. officinalis Oryza latifolia sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 92. 1896, non Desv., Oryza minuta sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 605. 1960, p.p., non J. Presl, 1830 Type. Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8685 and cited many syntypes. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 173. Oryza malampuzhaensis Krishnasw. & Chandras., Madras Agric. J. 45: 471. 1958 Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt ssp. malampuzhaensis (Krishnasw. & Chandras.) Tateoka, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 75: 422. 1962 Type. India: Madras. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 174. Oryza rufipogon Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 5. t. 144. f. 2. 1851 Oryza sativa L. var. rufipogon (Giff.) G. Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 504. 1891 Oryza fatua Trin. var. longiaristata Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 252. 1925 (as “longearistata”). Type: Malaysia: Malacca, Batu Berendam; Burkill s.n. Oryza sativa L. fo. spontanea Roshev., Bull. App. Bot. & Pl. 27: 37. 1931 Oryza sativa L. var. coarctata G. Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 504. 1891. Type: unknown locality; Buchanan-Hamilton s.n. Oryza sativa L. var. bengalensis G. Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 504. 1891. Type: India, Bengal Oryza sativa L. var. abuensis G. Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 5: 504–505. 1891. Type: India: Bengal and Madras Type. “Eastern part of Bengal, In aquis (Jheel dictis) prope Hubbegunge et Nubbeyunge; October 1, 1835.” NT: Bangladesh; Tim s.n. (CAL). NT designated by Sharma and Shastry in Indian J. Genet. Pl. Breed. 25(20): 157–167. 1965. 64 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 175. Oryza sativa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 333. 1753 var. sativa Type. “Habitat forte in Aethiopia, colitur in Indiae paludosis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 460.1 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1716. 1985. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 176. Oryza sativa L. var. plena Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 1184. 1903 Oryza plena (Prain) N.P. Chowdhury, Indian Forester 75(11): 497. 1949 Type. Bangladesh: Chittagong [Cultivated double rice]. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal. [Bangladesh] Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Assam, Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Zizania L., Sp. Pl. 2: 991. 1753 Lectotype. Zizania aquatica L. LT designated by Nash in Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (Britton & Brown), ed. 2. 1: 168. 1913, affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 209. 1920 177. Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1909: 385. 1909 Hydropyrum latifolium Griseb., Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 4: 466. 1853. Type: “Hab. in Davuria in Lacu ad confluentiam fl. Schilka et Argun”; Turcz. as Zizania latifolia Cat. Baikal no. 1337. Distribution. Manipur [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Manipur fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 65 Tribe Streptogyneae C.E. Hubb. ex C.E. Calderón & Soderstr. (1980) Plants rhizomatous or caespitose. Leaf blades pseudopetiolate, with an abaxial ligule. Spikelets with several flowers, the distal ones reduced, disarticulating between the flowers. Rachilla internode developing into a hook. Style branches and stigmas 2 or 3, elongating and twisting around each other at maturity, becoming indurate. Streptogyna P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 80. 1812 Type. Streptogyna crinita P. Beauv. 178. Streptogyna crinita P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 80, t. 16. f. 8. 1812 Streptogyna gerontogaea Hook. f., Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 301. 1900 (as “streptogyne”). Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites s.n. Ceylon Plant 922 Type. Nigeria; 1786–1788; Beauvois s.n. (G). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990). Subfamily Pooideae Benth., 1861 Plants annual or perennial, variously caespitose, rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Culms hollow. Leaf blades without a pseudopetiole, ancestrally lacking auricles; ligules membranous. Spikelets with 1 to many flowers, disarticulating above the glumes. Lodicules 2 not vascularized. Stigmas borne on separate style branches (i.e., style branches not fused). Brachyelytrum is sister to all other Pooideae, with the remainder of the species having inflorescence branches initiating in a two-ranked pattern, the spikelets laterally compressed, the embryo lacking a scutellar cleft, and the embryonic leaf margins overlapping (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001; Kellogg et al. 2013; Saarela et al. 2015; Schubert et al. 2019a, 2019b). The next diverging tribe is Nardeae; all members of the large clade sister to Nardeae (i.e., the remainder of the subfamily) lack bicellular microhairs anywhere on the plant (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001). Parallelsided subsidiary cells are synapomorphic for Brachypodium plus Bromeae, Triticeae, and Poeae (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001). A substantial increase in genome size occurred before the crown node of the clade Bromeae+ Triticeae+ Poeae, and nearly all members of the group have a chromosome base number of x=7 (Avdulov 1931; Bennetzen and Kellogg 1997; Kellogg and Bennetzen 2004). Taxonomic editor: Robert J. Soreng, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, with additional contributions for Stipeae by Paul M. Peterson, Smithsonian Institu- 66 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) tion, for Agrostis and Calamagrostis by Beata Paszko, Polish Academy of Sciences, and for Poa sect. Stenopoa by Marina V. Olonova, Tomsk State University. Tribe Nardeae W. D. J. Koch, 1837 Perennial plants with leathery leaves. Lower glume absent or reduced to a narrow ridge; upper glume absent or minute. Lodicules absent; stigma one. Lygeum Loefl. in C. Linnaeus, Gen. Pl. ed. 5. 27. 1754 Type. Lygeum spartum L. 179. Lygeum spartum L., Gen. Pl. ed. 5, addend. [p.”522”]. 1754 Type. “Habitat in Hispania.” Lectotype: Loefling 36a, Herb. Linn. No. 75.1 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Nasir and Ali (ed.), Fl. Pakistan 143: 39. 1982. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that the species is native to the Mediterranean, and was cultivated historically for fiber. Tribe Phaenospermateae Renvoize & Clayton, 1985 Leaves with pseudopetiolate and resupinate blades, and long membranous, glabrous ligules. Spikelets 1-flowered, globose, disarticulating below the glumes. Rachilla extension absent. Soreng et al. (2017), and taxonomic editor of subfamily Pooideae here, recognizes Phaenospermateae as distinct from Duthieeae. The two tribes are sisters in molecular phylogenies and thus would be monophyletic whether combined or kept separate. Phaenosperma is morphologically distinctive and the combined tribe has no morphological synapomorphies. In contrast, Kellogg (2015b) combined Phaenospermateae with Duthieeae, noting that they are sister taxa and that Phaenospermateae s.s. is monogeneric; thus recognition of Phaenospermateae offers no phylogenetic information. The decision whether to combine or separate the two tribes is a matter of ranking, for which there are no taxonomic rules. Phaenosperma Munro ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 59. 1881 Type. Phaenosperma globosum Munro ex Benth. (as “globosa”). Checklist of the grasses of India 67 180. Phaenosperma globosum Munro ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 59–60. 1881 (as “globosa”) Type. “First received from the Jardin des Plantes at Paris where it had been raised from seeds brought from China by the Pere David, but it has since turned up among Shearer’s Kiu-Kaing plants.” Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim [Bhutan, China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim fide Naithani (1990). Tribe Duthieeae Röser & Jul. Schneid., Syst. Biodivers. 9(1): 41. 2011. Leaf blades neither pseudopetiolate, nor resupinate, ligules short and sometimes ciliolate. Spikelets 1 to several flowered, disarticulating above the glumes. Rachilla extension present or absent. Lemma apex deeply 2-lobed, lobes acuminate or setaceous. None of these morphological characters is synapomorphic. Duthiea Hack., Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 45: 200. 1896 Type. Duthiea bromoides Hack. 181. Duthiea bromoides Hack., Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 45: 200. 1896 Type. India: Kashmir, Liddar Valley, alt. 12000 ft.; J.F. Duthie 13155, 13382. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Pseudodanthonia Bor & C.E. Hubb., Kew Bull. 1957: 425. 1958 Type. Pseudodanthonia himalaica (Hook. f.) Bor & C.E. Hubb. (Danthonia himalaica Hook. f.) 182. Pseudodanthonia himalaica (Hook. f.) Bor & Hubbard, Kew Bull.1957: 427. 1958 Danthonia himalaica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 281. 1896. Type: India: Kunawar, Jaunsar, Lokardi Peak, alt. 8000–9000 ft.; J.F. Duthie 14467 (K). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh. 68 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Habit. Perennial. Sinochasea Keng, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48(4): 115, f. 1. 1958 Type. Sinochasea trigyna Keng. 183. Sinochasea trigyna Keng, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48(4): 115, f. 1. 1958 Trikeraia oreophila Cope, Kew Bull. 42(2): 350. 1987. Type: Bhutan: Jangothang, 13350 ft [4069 m], 28 Sept. 1979; Dunbar 18 Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Bhutan fide Naithani (1990). Tribe Meliceae Link ex Endl., 1830 Most species perennial. Leaf sheaths with margins fused up to the collar, the margins often joined by a hyaline membrane. Glumes usually shorter than the florets. Lemma margins papery above, the veins not converging at the apex. Lodicules thick, truncate, their margins partially or wholly fused. Style branches 2, free to the base, the branches persistent in the fruit. Glyceria R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 179. 1810, nom. cons. Type. Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br. (Festuca fluitans L.). 184. Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 179. 1810 Festuca fluitans L., Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae fossis & paludibus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 92.22 (LINN). LT designated by Kit Tan in Davis (ed.), Fl. Turkey 9: 537. 1985. Distribution. Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu [also in Africa, Europe, North America, South America]. Naturalized; native to Europe. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Glyceria fluitans is sometimes confused with G. plicata (= G. notata Chevall (Clayton et al. 2006 onwards)) and G. distans. Cope (1982) accepts G. plicata but this is G. notata (Clayton et al. 2006 onwards), and Checklist of the grasses of India 69 these three are often confused. Based on the discussion and synonym in the Flora of China treatment (Tian 2006), it is likely that this record refers to G. notata, not G. fluitans. 185. Glyceria spicata Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 784. 1845 Poa spicata Biv. ex Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 784. 1845, nom. invalid. cited as synonym of Glyceria spicata, non L., 1753 Type. “In rivulis, stagnis, inundatis in Sicilia.” Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa. Habit. Perennial. 186. Glyceria tonglensis C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 119. 1876 Glyceria kashmiriensis Kelso, Rhodora 37: 262. 1935. Type: India: Jammu and Kashmir, Liddar Valley above Palgam, 8000–9000 ft.; September 17, 1893; J.F. Duthie 13092 (US). Type. India: Himalaya, between Darjeeling and Tonglo, “Mert. Koch. Proxima.” Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Koordersiochloa Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., Bot. 12: 67. 1917 Type. Koordersiochloa javanica Merr. 187. Koordersiochloa sanjappae (Kabeer & V.J. Nair) Veldkamp, Reinwardtia 13(3): 302. 2012 Streblochaete sanjappae Kabeer & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 47(1–4): 137 (-138, fig). 2006 (“2005”). Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri District, Ooty, Dodabetta, about 4000 ft.; March, 4, 2002; K. Althaf Ahamed Kabeer 114021 (MH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial Remarks. Koordersiochloa Merr. is the correct name for Streblochaete Hochst. ex Pilg. (Veldkamp 2012). 70 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Melica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 66. 1753 Lectotype. Melica nutans L. LT designated by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 69. 1920. 188. Melica nutans L., Sp. Pl. 1: 66. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Europae frigidioris rupibus.” Proposed Conserved Type: Herb. Linn. No. 86.2 (LINN). Proposed type designated by Hempel in Jarvis (ed.), Taxon 41: 566. 1992. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Melica was recently revised (Hempel 2011). 189. Melica onoei Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 603. 1878 Melica scaberrima (Nees) Hook. f. var. micrantha Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 331. 1896. Type: India: Kishtwar, alt. 6000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Type. Japan: unde sine loci indicatione e botanico japonensi ono habuit; Dr. Savatier s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 190. Melica persica Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 122. 351. t. 89. 1830 Melica cupani Hook. f. var. canescens Regel, Descr. Pl. Nov. fasc. 8: 88. 1880. Type: Turkestan: in angustiis Basmandinsk; O. Fedtschenko s.n. (vide Tropicos) Melica canescens (Regel) Lavrenko, Fl. URSS 2: 752. 1934 Melica cupani Guss. var. vestita (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 591. 1884 Melica hohenackeri Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(13): 54. 1854. Type: “Hab. in districtu Talusch prov. transcaucasicarum (Hochstetler).” Melica inaequiglumis Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(7): 124. 1846. Type: Iran: “Hab. ad saxa prope urbem Schiraz, Kotschy no. 315.” Melica jacquemontii Decne. in Jacquem., Voy. Inde. 4(3): 174–175. t. 175. 1844. Type: India: Kanum Melica kotschyi Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 289. 1854. Type: Kurdistan: Persia bor.; Kotsch. Herb. alepp. no. 366 Melica lanata Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 289. 1854. Type: “In cacumine montis St. Catharinae Arab. herb. Arab. un. it 104” Checklist of the grasses of India 71 Melica pannosa Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 2(13): 55. 1854. Type: “Hab. in rupibus calidis Antilibani ad Souk Wadi Barrada, legi Maio 1846.” Melica vestita Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(7): 125. 1846. Type: “Hab. in rupestribus alpis Kuh-Delu Persiae australis Kotschy no. 414.” Melica cupani auct. non Guss., 1832: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 329. 1896, p.p. Type. “Crescit in Persia inter Kermachan et Amadan.” Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 191. Melica scaberrima (Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 330. 1896 Festuca scaberrima Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 316. 1854. Type: India; Wight s.n. Glyceria scaberrima Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 287. 1854. Type: India: Nees mpt. & Royle herb. no. 376 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 192. Melica secunda Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7(2): 629. 1881 Melica gracilis Aitch. & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 192. 1882. Type: Afghanistan: Kuram District, in the Shend-Toi gorge, alt. 9000 ft. Type. “In kokania inter Karakasuk et Schagimardan (O. Fedtschenko), in valle Afghanistaniae Kurrum (Aitchison no. 1257), in trajectu montium Alexander Karakia(A. Regel), in valle fluvii Almatinka majoris prope Wernoje (Kuschakewicz).” Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). Tribe Stipeae Dumort., 1824 Caespitose perennials, the leaves generally stiff and slender. Spikelets one-flowered, the rachilla not extended beyond the flower. Glumes generally longer than the pubescent lemma; lemma generally wrapped around the palea, awned from the apex, the awn straight or twisted and often geniculate. Lodicules 3. 72 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) The tribe is monophyletic and the single flowered spikelet could be synapomorphic (Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001; Kellogg 2015b). Generic limits are the subject of much ongoing research and extensive hybridization is likely (Romaschenko et al. 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014; Soreng et al. 2017). Achnatherum P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 19, 146, pl. 6, f. 7. 1812 Lectotype. Agrostis calamagrostis L. Designated by Niles & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24(6): 181 (1925). 193. Achnatherum brandisii (Mez) Z.L. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 34: 154. 1996 Stipa brandisii Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 207. 1921. Type: India: [Himachal Pradesh], Kulla; D. Brandis s.n. (B?; IT: US-866139 (fragm. ex B). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). 194. Achnatherum duthiei (Hook. f.) P.C. Kuo & S.L. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 322, pl. 80, f. 9–14. 1987 Stipa duthiei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 232. 1896. Type: Western Himalaya, Garhwal, alt. 12000–13000 ft.; Duthie 273 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 195. Achnatherum jacquemontii (Jaub. & Spach) P.C. Kuo & S.L. Lu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(3): 323. 1987 Stipa jacquemontii Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 60, t. 339. 1851. Type: “Ad rupes in excelsis Emodi Cachemyriani (altitudine circiter 9000 pedum) legit Jacquemont Augusto anni 1831 (Herb. Mus. Par.)” Kashmir: arid soils in rock crevices, 6400– 14000 ft.; August 1831; Jacquemont 994 (P). Lasiagrostis jacquemontii (Jaub. & Spach) Munro ex Aitch., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 107. 1880 Lasiagrostis jacquemontii (Jaub. & Spach) Munro ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 506. 1884, nom. iso., non (Jaub. & Spach) Munro ex Aitch., 1880 Checklist of the grasses of India 73 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Neotrinia (Tzvelev) M. Nobis, P.D. Gudkova & A. Nowak, Turczaninowia 22(1): 40. 2019. Type. Neotrinia splendens (Trin.) M. Nobis, P.D. Gudkova & A. Nowak. 196. Neotrinia splendens (Trin.) M. Nobis, P.D. Gudkova & A. Nowak, Turczaninowia 22(1): 40. 2019. Stipa splendens Trin., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 54. 1821. Type: “Habitat in transbaicalensibus Sibirae.” Stipa splendens Trin. var. gracilis Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 647. 1960. Type: Baltistan, Karakoram; C.B. Clarke 30097 Achnatherum splendens (Trin.) Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 17: 404. 1941 Lasiagrostis splendens (Trin.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 58. 1829 Stipa altaica Trin. ex Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 1: 80. 1829. Type: “In arenosis et sterilibus subsalsis frequens (L.M.), in montosis apricis ad fl. Ursul. (B).” Stipa schlagintweitii Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 208. 1921. Type: China: Xizang, Balti province “Tibet”; H. von Schlagintweit 5787 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Orthoraphium Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 94. 1841. Type. Orthoraphium roylei Nees. 197. Orthoraphium roylei Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 94. 1841. Stipa roylei (Nees) Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 207. 1921 Stipa orthoraphium Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 131. 1854, nom. superf. & illegit. Type. Not given. Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Perennial. 74 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Piptatherum P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 17, 173. 1812 Lectotype. P. caerulescens (Desf.) P. Beauv. (Milium caerulescens Desf.) (vide Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 772: 156. 1920). 198. Piptatherum aequiglume (Duthie ex Hook. f.) Munro ex Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 113. 1951 Oryzopsis aequiglumis Duthie ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 234. 1896. Type: Temperate Himalaya: from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 6000–10000 ft.; Duthie s.n. Piptatherum aequiglume (Duthie ex Hook. f.) Munro ex Roshev. var. fasciculatum (Hack.) Freitag, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburg 33(3): 379. 1975 Oryzopsis fasciculata Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 10. 1902. Lectotype: Pakistan: Kashmir, Astor District, in valle Kamri prope Kalapani, alt. 9000 ft.; August 25, 1892; Duthie 12644 (W). (vide Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburg 33(3): 379. 1975) Piptatherum fasciculatum (Hack.) Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 114. 1951 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Sikkim [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 199. Piptatherum gracile Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 211. 1921 Oryzopsis gracilis (Mez) Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 347. 1939 Oryzopsis brachyclada Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 345. 1939. Type: Kashmir, Nanga-Parbat-Gebiet, Oberes Rakhiot-Tal, Moränen des Ganalo-Gletschers, nach Suden exponierte Hochgras-Matten, 12800 ft.; July 9, 1937; C. Troll 7774 Oryzopsis lateralis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 234. 1896, p.p. excluding basionym. Type. China: West Tibet; Thomson s.n. (B). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 200. Piptatherum hilariae Pazij, Notul. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. Uzbeckistanicae 10: 20. 1948 Oryzopsis humilis Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 445. 1952. Type: India: Jaunsar, Rocks north of Deoban, alt. 8000 ft.; June 21, 1897; J.F. Duthie 19850a (K). Checklist of the grasses of India 75 Piptatherum humile (Bor) S. Kumar & Raizada, Indian J. Forest. 9(2): 177. 1986 Oryzopsis wendelboi Bor, Nytt Mag. Bot. 1: 16. 1952. Type: Chitral, Barum Gol, Shokor Shal, alt. 11200 ft.; July 14, 1950; Per Wendelbo s.n. (K). Type. Asia Centre Pamir Alai. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Jammu and Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng suggests accepting this name, which is older than any of Bor’s taxa listed here in synonymy. 201. Piptatherum laterale (Munro ex Regel) Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 117. 1951 Milium laterale Munro ex Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 7(2): 645. 1881. Type: “In Afghanistania. Piptatherum laterale Muroe.” Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 202. Piptatherum munroi (Stapf ) Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 212. 1921 Oryzopsis munroi Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 234. 1896. Type: Western Himalaya: Kashmir to Garhwal, alt. 7000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. Oryzopsis stewartiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 272. 1953. Type: India: Pulga, Parbatti Valley, 6400 ft.; July 22, 1935; Mohinder Nath 988 (K). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 203. Piptatherum vicarium (Grig.) Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 105. 1951 Oryzopsis vicaria Grig, Trudy Tadzhikistansk. Bazy 8: 574. 1938. Type: Central deciduous woodland and open vegetation, 1600 ft.-9000 ft.; Tuturin & Besedin 81 (LE). 76 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Oryzopsis microcarpa Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 346. 1939. Type: Kashmir, Nanga-Parbat-Gebiet, Astor Tal, Daschkin, im Artemisien Gesträuch zwischen Büschen und Steinen, 7500 ft.; May 30, 1937; C. Troll 7272 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). Ptilagrostis Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 447. 1852 Type. Ptilagrostis mongholica (Turcz.) Griseb. (Stipa mongholica Turcz.). 204. Ptilagrostis concinna (Hook. f.) Roshev., Fl. URSS 2: 75. 1934 Stipa concinna Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 230. 1896. Type: Sikkim Himalaya, in the Tibetan region, alt. 14000–16000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 205. Ptilagrostis dichotoma Keng ex Tzvelev, Rast. Tsentr. Azii 4: 43. 1968 Type. China: Gansu/Qinghai border; Y.C. Wu 478. Distribution. India; states not recorded. [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 206. Ptilagrostis mongholica (Turcz. ex Trin.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 4: 447. 1852 Stipa mongholica Turcz. ex Trin., Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 67–68. 1836. Type: “Habitat in Sibiria baikalensi in pratis humidis ad torrentem Dschiginai in oxam influentem et ad fl. Tschikoi”; Turcz s.n. Achnatherum mongholicum (Turcz. ex Trin.) Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 17: 403. 1941 Lasiagrostis mongholica (Turcz. ex Trin.) Trin. & Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. SaintPétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 87. 1842 Stipa tibetica Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 207. 1921. Type: China: Xizang, Lasiang, Mougholica, Iriu, 14,000 ft. “West Tibet”; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 77 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Stipa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 78. 1753 Lectotype. Stipa pennata L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 1: 176. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 159. 1920. 207. Stipa arabica Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 77. 1842 Stipa arabica Trin. & Rupr. var. szowitsiana Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 77. 1842. Type: “Persia borealis: in salsas arenosis inter Khoi et Seidkozi prov. Aderbeischan rarius; Junio (Szovitis). Transcaucin collibus aridis lapidosis prope Tatuni tractus Suwant (Hohenacker).” Stipa szowitsiana (Trin.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 4: 450. 1853 (as “szovitsiana”) Type. “Inter lapides ad radices montis Sinai; 15 Majo. (Schimper Un. Itin n. 107).” Israel: Mount Sinai; G.H.W. Schimper 107 Distribution. India; states not recorded (Northwest Himalaya) [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 208. Stipa breviflora Griseb., Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, Math.-Phys. Kl. 82. 1868 Stipa aliciae Kanitz, Növényt. Gyujtesek Eredm. Grof Szechenyi Bela Keletazsiai Utjabol 61. t. 7. f. 4. 1891. Type: China: “Hab Prov. Kansu n. 62. Ku-lang-szhien; June 24, 1879.” Type. China: Western Xizang, Tnari Khorsum. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Ladakh fide Naithani (1990). 209. Stipa bungeana Trin. ex Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 70. 1833 Type. China: “Hebei, ad radices montium Zui-wey-schan et ad vias prope Ssi-jui-ssi”; Bunge s.n. 78 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. India; states not recorded (Eastern Himalaya) [China]. Habit. Perennial. 210. Stipa capillacea Keng, Sunyatsenia 6(2): 100–102, pl. 15. 1941 Type. China: Sichuan: open grass land in rear of Shaowusi Agricultural Station, Taining Xian; K.L. Chu 7449 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 211. Stipa capillata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 116. 1762 Type. “Habitat in Germania, Gallia.” Lectotype: Herb. Burser I: 127 (UPS). LT designated by Freitag in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 453. 1985. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 212. Stipa caragana Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 1: 74. 1830 Lasiagrostis caragana (Trin.) Trin. & Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7: 90. 1843 Oryzopsis pallescens Vestberg, Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur’evsk. Univ. 5: 147. 1904. Type: Given in Russian language Type. “V. ssp. e littore oriental. maris Caspici.” Russia: Caspian region; Eichwald s.n. (LE). Distribution. India; states not recorded [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 213. Stipa caucasica Schmalh., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 10: 293. 1892 ssp. caucasica Stipa orientalis Trin var. grandiflora Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7 14(4): 35. 1869. Type: not given Stipa bella Drob., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 37. 1925, nom. later hom. illeg., non Phil, 1870 Syntypes. “Caucasus septentrionalis: Kislowodsk, 24 Julio 1886 (Akinefijew). Daghestania: Czir-Jurt 11 Majo et Tem ir-Chan Schura 6 Majo 1891 (Lipski).” Russia: Caucasus, Kislowodsk; July 24, 1886; Lipsky s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 79 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Ladakh fide Naithani (1990). 214. Stipa caucasica Schmalh. ssp. glareosa (Smirnow) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 11: 20. 1974 Stipa glareosa Smirnow, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 266. 1929. Type: “Hab in deserto Gobi et in Altaj locis petrosis V. glareosis.” Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [also in Mongolia]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 215. Stipa chitralensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 500. 1954 Type. India Orientalis, Chitral, Guger, alt. 3000; May 18, 1895; Surgeon Lt. Harris 16800 (K). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 216. Stipa consanguinea Trin. & Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 78. 1842 Stipa koelzii R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 441. 1945. Type: India: Kashmir, Ladakh, Gya; August 13–14, 1933; W. Koelz 6432 (US-1607603). Type. “Habitus totus Stipae orientalis, sed pubes adpressa aristarum Stipae holosericeae.” Russia: Siberi, Altai, near Tschuga river; 1832; Bunge s.n. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, and Sikkim fide Naithani (1990). 217. Stipa himalaica Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 5(1): 11. 1924 Stipa pennata sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 230. 1896, non L., 1753 80 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Type. China: Tibet Province Ladakh; July 1–15, 1856; Herbarium Schlagintweit 3 gen No Catalogue 1337. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 218. Stipa orientalis Trin. ex Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 1: 83. 1829 Type. “In rupium fissures ad flum. Tscharysch (L.B.) et n montibus Kurtschum et Arkaul.” Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh [China]. Habit. Perennial. 219. Stipa pennata L. ssp. kirghisorum (Smirnow) Freitag, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 438. f. 19. 1985 Stipa kirghisorum Smirnow, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 232. 1925. Type: “Habitat in montosis et stepposis Turkestaniae et in Mongolia occidentali.” Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 220. Stipa purpurea Griseb., Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, Math.-Phys. Kl. 82. 1868 Ptilagrostis purpurea (Griseb.) Roshev., Fl. URSS 2: 76. 1934 Lasiagrostis tremula Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7. 14(4): 35. 1869. Type: Not given Stipa semenowii Krassn., Bot. Zap. 2: 22. 1889. Type: “In valle fluminis Sary-Jassy in montibus Thian-Schan non procul ab alpe Chan-tengri et in trajectu TurguenAksu non rara.” Type. China: Western Xizang, Tnari Khorsum, 15300–18500 ft.; Schlagintweit 7116 (LE). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editors Soreng and Peterson note that this species should continue to be classified in Stipa, although it has copies of the ribosomal internal tran- Checklist of the grasses of India 81 scribed spacer (ITS) from three genera (Romaschenko et al. 2008). The dominant copy is from Stipa as is the chloroplast (Lu et al. 2016). 221. Stipa regeliana Hack., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1 89: 130. 1884 Type. Kyrgyzstan: Tien Shan, Issikul Musart pass, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; August, 1877; A. Regel s.n. (W). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 222. Stipa roborowskyi Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 1(6): 1. 1920 Stipa basi-plumosa Munro ex Hook. f. var. longe-aristata Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 229. 1896. Type: China: Western Tibet; Thomson s.n. Stipa purpurea sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 645. 1960, non Griseb., 1868 Type. “In montium Kuen Lun jugo Russky, alt. 9700–12200 ft.; July 3, 1890; Roborowsky s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 223. Stipa sibirica (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 158. 1791 Avena sibirica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 79. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Sibiria.” Lectotype: Amman 27, Herb. Linn. No. 95.1 (LINN). LT designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000. Achnatherum sibiricum (L.) Keng., ex Tzvelev, Probl. Ekol. Geobot. Bot. Geogr. Florist. 140. 1977. Stipa confusa Litw., Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. 7: 53. 1928. Type: Russia: “In Sibiriae prov. Tobolsk, Altai, Semipalatinsk (distr. Ustkamenogorsk), Jenisej (prov. Krasnojarsk. et Minusinsk), Irkutsk, Transbajcalia, Jakutsk (distr. Jakutsk).” Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 82 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 224. Stipa subsessiliflora (Rupr.) Roshev., Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 14(Suppl. 2): 50. 1915 Lasiagrostis subsessiliflora Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7. 14(4): 35. 1869. Type: Kyrgyzstan: Tian Shan, Toyandyund Sunktu-Thal, 15400–16000 ft.; July 30, 1867; F. Osten-Sacken s.n. (LE). Stipa basi-plumosa Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 229. 1896. Type: China: Western Tibet, Nubra, and the Lanak Pass, alt. 15000–17000 ft.; Thomson s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 225. Stipa turkestanica Hack., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 26: 59. 1910 ssp. turkestanica Type. Turkestania: Schugnan, Dschidak in valle fl. Badamdara; July 27, 1904; B.A. Fedtschenko s.n. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [also in Asia]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 226. Stipa turkestanica Hack. ssp. trichoides (P.A. Smirn.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11: 17. 1974 Stipa trichoides P.A. Smirn., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 233. 1925. Syntypes: Turkmenistan: Ashabad Province, Mt. Ludsha, 6500 ft.; Litvinov 2222 (LE). Turcomania: Fergana, Alaicum, Langar; B. Fedtschenko s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). Stipellula Röser & H.R. Hamasha, Schlechtendalia 24: 91. 2012 227. Stipellula capensis (Thunb.) Röser & H.R. Hamasha, Schlechtendalia 24: 92. 2012 Stipa capensis Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 19. 1794. Type: South Africa; Thunberg s.n. (UPS). Checklist of the grasses of India 83 Stipa tortilis Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 99. t. 31. f. 1. 1798. Type: “Habitat in arvis.” Distribution. Punjab [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Trikeraia Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 555. 1955 Type. Trikeraia hookeri (Stapf ) Bor (Stipa hookeri Stapf ). 228. Trikeraia hookeri (Stapf ) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 555. 1955 var. hookeri Stipa hookeri Stapf, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 120. 1894. Type: China: Tibet, Probably in the vicinity of Lhasa; July, September, 1891; Thorold 124 (K). Achnatherum hookeri (Stapf ) Keng, Clav. Gen. Sp. Gram. Prim. Sin. 213. 1957 Timouria aurita Hitchc., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23: 134–136. 1933. Type: India: Western Himalaya, Kashmir, Rupshu, Kugzil, alt. 13700; July 16, 1931; Walter Koelz 2328 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 229. Trikeraia hookeri (Stapf ) Bor var. ramosa Bor, Kew Bull. 1954(4): 557. 1955 Stipa hookeri Stapf var. ramosa (Bor) S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): VI. 1989 Type. China: Tibet, Nye, Tsangpo Valley, 12500 ft.; September 2, 1935; F. Kingdon Ward 12295 (BM). Distribution. India; states not recorded [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editors Soreng and Peterson question whether this species truly occurs in India. Tribe Brachypodieae Harz, 1880 Plants annual or perennial. Inflorescence unbranched, the spikelets on short pedicels. Spikelets laterally compressed, generally with more than 5 flowers. Glumes shorter than the flowers. Ovary apex pubescent. 84 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Brachypodium P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 100, 155. 1812 Lectotype. Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv. (Bromus pinnatus L.). LT designated by Niles and Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 196. 1925. 230. Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 156. 1812 (as “distachyos”) Bromus distachyos L., Fl. Palaest. 13. 1756. Type: “Habitat in H. [= Hasselquist]…Palaestina.” Lectotype: Hasselquist, Herb. Linn. No. 93.48 (LINN). LT designated by Schippmann & Jarvis in Taxon 37: 158. f. 1. 1988. Festuca distachyos (L.) Roth, Catal. Bot. 1: 11. 1797 Trachynia distachya (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 43. 1827 Zerna distachyos Panz. ex B.D. Jacks., Index Kew. 1(4): 1249. 1895 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that B. distachyon has been split into three species (Catalán et al. 2012; Lopez-Alvarez et al. 2012). It is unclear which name, or if all 3, would be applicable to material from India. Also, there may be older names for the new species, but this will require checking the types of heterotypic synonyms. 231. Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 156. 1812 Festuca sylvatica Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson) 38. 1762. Type: “Habitat in sylvis et sepibus frequens.” Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. var. khasianum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 363. 1886. Type: India: Khasia Hills Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. var. longe-aristatum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 363. 1886. Type: North West Himalaya: Kumaon and Dalhousie, alt. 6000–9000 ft. Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. var. pseudo-distachyon Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 363. 1886. Type: India: Kashmir and Kumaon Brachypodium wattii C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 90. t. 40. 1889. Type: India: Kohima, alt. 7500 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Jakpho, alt. 7500 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. var. luzoniense (Hack.) H. Hara Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 52: 228. 1938. Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. ssp. luzoniense Hack., Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl. 4): 269. 1906. Type: Philippines: Luzon Province, Benguet, Pauai to Baguio; November 9, 1905; Merrill 4698 Checklist of the grasses of India 85 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir (C82), Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Tribe Bromeae Dumort., 1824 Plants annual or perennial, caespitose or rhizomatous. Leaf sheaths with fused margins. Spikelets with 3 or more flowers, disarticulating above the glumes. Lemma entire or bidentate, if awned then the awn forming from the sinus or on the abaxial side just below the apex. Style branches on the abaxial side of the ovary, the ovary enlarged and lobed above the point of insertion of the style branches. This tribe included Littledalea in the treatment of Kellogg (2015b), but Littledalea is now placed in its own tribe (Soreng et al. 2015) so that Bromus is the sole member of Bromeae. Bromus L, Sp. Pl. 1: 76. 1753, nom. cons. Synonyms. Anisantha K. Koch, Bromopsis (Dumort.) Fourr., Ceratochloa P. Beauv. Type. Bromus secalinus L. (typ. cons.) 232. Bromus arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Europa ad versuras agrorum.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 93.21 (LINN). LT designated by Smith in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 499. 1985. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng cites Cope (1982), saying that this species is not confirmed for Pakistan. “Bor (1960) keys it out but has no distribution for it other than temperate Europe and Asia.” 233. Bromus berteroanus Colla, Herb. Pedem. 6: 68. 1836 Bromus barobalianus G. Singh, For. Fl. Srinagar 129. 1976 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Native to South America. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records from India fide Naithani (1990). 86 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 234. Bromus catharticus Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 22. 1791 Bromus unioloides Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 151 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit locis alsis regni Quitensi prope Chillo, Conocoto et Sangolqui, alt. 1340 hexap.” Ecuador: Pichincha, Chillo, Conocoto & Sangolqui, alt. 1340 ft.; Humboldt & Bonpland 2286 (P). Bromus willdenowii Kunth, Revis. Gramin. 1: 134. 1829. Type: Willdenow Herb. 2103 (B). Ceratochloa cathartica (Vahl) Herter, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6(5–6): 144. 1940 Type. “Habitat in Lima.” Lectotype: Peru: Lima; sd; P. Commerson s.n. (P-JU, US865523). LT designated by Pinto-Escobar, Caldasia 11(54): 9–16. 1976. Distribution. Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Nepal]. Naturalized; native to southern South America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, and West Bengal fide Naithani (1990). 235. Bromus confinis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 320. 1854 Bromus inermis Leyss. var. confinis (Nees) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 358. 1896 Type. Nepal; Royle Herb. no. 325. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh (B60), Sikkim [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 236. Bromus danthoniae Trin. ex C.A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. (C.A. von Meyer) 24. 1831 Triniusa danthoniae (Trin. ex C.A. Mey.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 328. 1854 (as “danthonia”) Bromus macrostachys Desf. var. triaristatus Hack., Flora 62: 155. 1879, in obs. Type: Teheran; Kotschy s.n. ? Type. Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Talush; June 22, 1830; C.A. Meyer s.n. (LE). “In locis lapidosis aridis montium Talusch prope pagum Swant (alt. 670 Hexap.)”. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 87 237. Bromus diandrus Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht. 44. 1787 Bromus gussonii Parl., Pl. Nov. 66. 1842 (as “gussoni”). Type: “Habitat in collibus, ad sepes, et in sylvaticis Siciliae, insulae Capri, aliisque Italiae locis. Obtinui ex Corsica ab amico botanico Le Maire.” Sicilia; Gussone s.n. (FI). Neotype. Gr. Bromoides, locustis maximus, lanuginosum, Italicum. Hist. Nat. 261, no. 444, (OXF (Scheuzer Herb.)). NT designated by Sales, Edinb. J. Bot. 50(1): 8–9. 1993. Distribution. Tamil Nadu [also in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, North America, South America]. Naturalized. Habit. Annual. 238. Bromus gracillimus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 7: 527. 1852 Nevskiella gracillima (Bunge) Krecz. & Vved., Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot.17: 22. 1934 Bromus crinitus Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 2(13): 64. 1854. Type: “Hab. In monte Elbrus prope pagum Passgala.” Deschampsia aralensis Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 300. 1868. Type: “Steppe des Aralses im Gebiete des Syr-Darja, Ende Mai fruchttragende Exemplare; Borazozow 774.” Type. “Hab. in der Wuste Karakum bei Kuk-Kabak Zwischen Tschi (Lasiagrostis splendes) 19 Mai 1842 (Deflor. et fr. Maturo).” Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 239. Bromus himalaicus Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 358. 1896 Zerna himalaica (Stapf ) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 499. 1941 Type. Temperate Himalaya; East Nepal, Sikkim and North Bhutan, alt. 8000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 88 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 240. Bromus hordeaceus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753 Bromus mollis L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 112. 1762. Type: “Habitat in Europae australioris siccis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 93.6 (LINN). LT designated by Smith in Cafferty et al. (Ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000. Bromus hordeaceus L. ssp. mollis (L.) Hyl., Uppsala Univ. Arsskr. 7: 84. 1945 Serrafalcus mollis (L.) Parl., Rar. Pl. Sicilia. 2: 11. 1840 Lectotype. “Gramen Avenaceum pratense gluma breviore squamosa et villosa” in Morison, Pl. Hist. Univ., 3: 213. s. 8. t. 7. f. 18. 1699. LT designated by Smith in Cafferty et al. (Ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000. Epitype: Herb. Linn. No. 93.7 (LINN). Epitype designated by Smith, P.M. in Cafferty et al. (Ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 241. Bromus inermis Leyss., Fl. Halens. 16. 1761 Schedonorus inermis (Leyss.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 177. 181 Zerna inermis (Leyss.) Lindm., Sv. Fanerogamfl. 101. 1918 Bromus inermis Leyss. var. villosus (Mert. & W.D. J. Koch) Beck., Fl. Nieder-Oesterreich. 1: 106. 1890 Festuca inermis (Leyss.) Lam. & DC. var. villosus Mert. & W.D.J. Koch, Deutschl. Fl. (Mertens & W.D.J. Koch), ed. 3, 1: 675. 1823 Bromus latifolius Kar. & Kir., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 865. 1841. Type: “Hab. in umbrosis montium Aktschavly ad fl. Karakol.” Type. “In pratis fertilibus succulentis Pomariis in den Pulverweiden im Amstgarten ad Belberg Crollwitz et alibi frequens.” Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh. Widespread in Eurasia. Habit. Perennial. 242. Bromus japonicus Houtt., Natuurlijke Historie [tweede deel (second part)] 2(13): 315, t. 91, f. 4. Aanwyzing Pl. [2]. 1782 Bromus abolinii Drobow., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 40. 1925. Syntypes: Turkey: Semi-reczie Province, Almaata District; Abolin 909,1502, 1578, 1634, 1655, 1721, 1838, 1864, 1866, 1869 Bromus cyri Trin., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. (C.A. von Meyer) 24. 1831. Type: [Caucasus: Azerbaijan: Kura river]; C.A. Meyer s.n. (LE). Bromus patulus Mert. & W.D.J. Koch in Röhl., Deutschl. Fl. (Mertens & W.D.J. Koch), ed. 3, 1: 685. 1823 Checklist of the grasses of India 89 Bromus patulus Mert. & W.D.J. Koch var. microstachya Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 361. 1896. Type: Northwest India; Falconer s.n. Serrafalcus patulus (Mert. & W.D.J. Koch) Parl., Fl. Ital. (Parlatore) 1: 394. 1848 Type. Japan; Thunburg s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Annual. 243. Bromus lanceolatus Roth, Catalect. Bot. 1: 18. 1797 Type. Europe: Semina benignitati debeo amici aestimatiss cel. Roemeri; Roemer. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). 244. Bromus moeszii Penzes, Magyar Bot. Lapok 33: 24, pl. 10. 1934 Bromus sericeus Drobow, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 39. 1925, non Ten. 1811. Type: Turkey: Syrdarja Province, Taschkent District, Kaplanbek; 1921; Abolin 7496 Bromus tectorum L. ssp. lucidus F. Sales, Fl. & Veg. Mundi 9: 32. 1991, nom. nov. for Bromus sericeus Drobow, non. Ten. 1823 Type. Iran: auf Aker und Strassen Graben bei [Daulatabad] Dolitabad; Fichler 18. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 245. Bromus oxyodon Schrenk, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 10: 355. 1842 Bromus nototropus Rupr., Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Petersbourg Ser. 7, 14(4): 73. 1869, in adnot. Type: Not given [Mittleren Tian-Schan] Bromus lanceolatus Roth. ssp. oxyodon (Schrenk) Tzvelev, Spisok Rastenij Gerbarija Flory SSSR 18: 19. 1970 Type. China: Xinjiang: Dzhungaria, desert grasslands, 500–2600 m; Schrenk s.n. (LE). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 90 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 246. Bromus pectinatus Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 22. 1794 Bromus gedrosianus Penz., Bot. Kozlem. 33: 111. f. 39 (a-d). 48. 1936. Type: Biluchistan: Gedrosia, Killa abdulla; April 10, 1888; J.F. Duthie 8738 Bromus japonicus Thunb. var. falconeri (Stapf ) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 413. 1945 Bromus patulus Mert. & W.D.J. Koch var. falconeri Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 361. 1896. Type: North West India; Falconer s.n. Type. South Africa: Cape of Good Hope; Thunberg 2522 (UPS). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 247. Bromus porphyranthos Cope, Fl. Pakistan 143: 574. 1982 Bromus himalaicus Stapf var. grandis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 359. 1896. Type: India: Kumaon, Sikkim, alt. 11000–12000 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. Bromus grandis (Stapf ) Melderis in H. Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 125. 1978, non (Shear) Hitchc., 1912 Distribution. Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 248. Bromus ramosus Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson) 40. 1762 Zerna ramosa (Huds.) Lindm., Sv. Fanerogamfl. 101. 1918 Bromus asper Murray, Prodr. Strip. Gott. 42. 1770. Type: “Hall. Hist. fl. Helun. 1503. Habitau proxime ad Bromum giganteum accedit, cui vero spiculae quadriflorae. Cl Willich Nordheimi inuenit ego in sylua plessensi.” Type. “Habitat in Sylvis et sepibus frequens.” Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 249. Bromus scoparius L., Cent. Pl. I 6. 1755 Bromus confertus M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 71. 1808. Type: “Habitat in Iberia.” D. Steuen s.n. Bromus ovatus Gaertn., Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14: 537. t. 19/1. 1770 Checklist of the grasses of India 91 Serrafalcus scoparius (L.) Parl., Rar. Pl. Sicilia. 2: 19. 1840 Type. “Habitat in Hispania.” Lectotype: Loefling 81, Herb. Linn. No. 93.32 (LINN). LT designated by Smith in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 499. 1985. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China]. Habit. Annual. 250. Bromus staintonii Melderis in H. Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 125. 1978 var. staintonii Type. Nepal: Central Nepal, Tukucha, Kali Gandaki, open grassy slopes, 10200 ft.; August 21, 1954; Stainton, Sykes & Williams 7366 (BM). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. All records for India fide Naithani (1990). 251. Bromus tectorum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753 Schedonorus tectorum (L.) Fr., Bot. Not. 1843(9): 131. 1843 Zerna tectorum (L.) Panz. ex B.D. Jacks., Index. Kew. 1(4): 1249. 1895 Anisantha pontica C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 394. 1848. Type: Turkey: Coruh, Ispir, alt. 4000 ft.; Koch s.n. Bromus abortiflorus St.-Amans, Fl. Agen. 44. 1821. Type: “Fl. E. I. Le. Bord. Des champs sablonneux, a St. Laurent, vis-à-vis le Port-Saint-Marie, a Villeneuve-surlot, C. Dans Les Landes, a La Lague, pres Xaintrailles.” Bromus setaceus Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 98–99. 1862. Lectotype: USA: Northern Texas; Buckley s.n. (US-865474 (fragm.)). LT designated by Hitchcock in Man. Grasses U.S. 817. 1935 Type. “Habitat in Europae collibus siccis et tectis terrestribus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 93.23 (LINN). LT designated by Smith in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42: 500. 1985. Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Tribe Triticeae Dumort., 1824 Plants annual or perennial, caespitose or rhizomatous. Leaf sheaths often with prominent auricles. Inflorescence unbranched, the spikelets borne crosswise to the rachis. 92 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Spikelets 1 to 5 per node, laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes. Lodicules ciliate. Endosperm with simple starch grains. Generic limits in this tribe are problematical (Barkworth 2007; Stebbins 1956; Stebbins and Snyder 1956; Stebbins, Jr. and Walters 1949). Extensive hybridization and polyploidy mean that the evolutionary history is not tree-like and hence cannot be converted to a hierarchical classification (Kellogg et al. 1996); therefore, all efforts to create monophyletic genera are somewhat arbitrary. Aegilops L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1050. 1753, nom. cons. Type. Aegilops triuncialis L. (type cons.). 252. Aegilops tauschii Coss., Notes Pl. Crit. 2: 69. 1850 (“1849”) Patropyrum tauschii (Coss.) A. Love, Biol. Zeutralbl. 101(2): 206. 1982 Triticum aegilops sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 367. 1896, non P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., 1817 Type. “Habitat in lberia (Buxbaum. Loc. cit, Wilhems in Herb. Gay). In Tauria (Tauch, Loc. cit.). In Graminosis et aridis prope Elisabethpol Georgia Caucasicae (Hohenacker, un. it. 1834).” Lectotype: Ill., pl. 50. f. 1. in Buxbaum, Pl. minus cognit. Centuria 1. 1728. (Illustration). LT designated by van Slageren in Wegen. Agric. Univ. Pap. 94–7: 328. 1994. Distribution. Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. See van Slageren (1994) Elymus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753 Lectotype. Elymus sibiricus L. LT designated by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 93. 1920. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng cites the major generic synonyms of Elymus as Elytrigia Desv., Hystrix Moench, and Roegneria K. Koch. In contrast, he notes, Anthosachne, Pseudoroegneria, Stenostachys, and Thinopyrum are generally maintained as separate genera, although Australasian members of Anthosachne and Stenostachys are not part of those genera as currently understood. See Barkworth et al. (2009). Checklist of the grasses of India 93 253. Elymus borianus (Melderis) Cope in E. Nasir & S.I. Ali, Fl. Pakistan 143: 617. 1982 Agropyron borianum Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 690. 1960. Type: Swat: Kalam, 7000 ft.; August 24, 1955; A. Rahmann 229 (K). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 254. Elymus burchan-buddae (Nevski) Tzvelev, Rast. Tsentr. Azii 4: 220. 1968 Agropyron burchan-buddae Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk SSSR 30: 514. 1932 Distribution. India; states not recorded [China, Nepal]. Habit. Not recorded. 255. Elymus cacuminis B. Rong Lu & B. Salomon, Nordic J. Bot. 13: 355, f. 1. 1993 Roegneria cacuminis (B. Rong Lu & B. Salomon) L.B. Cai, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(2): 160. 1997 Distribution. India; states not recorded [China, Nepal]. Habit. Not recorded. 256. Elymus caninus (L.) L., Fl. Suec. ed. 2, (Linnaeus) 39. 1755 Agropyron caninum (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 146. 1812 Triticum caninum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86–87. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae sepibus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 100.10 (LINN). LT designated by Cope & van Slageren in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 258. 2000. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Widespread in Eurasia. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 257. Elymus ciliaris (Trin. ex Bunge) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 61. 1972 Agropyron ciliare (Trin. ex Bunge) Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Ser. 2, 7: 151. 1884 94 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Triticum ciliare Trin. ex Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor 72. 1833. Type: “Habitat in pratensibus prope Kan-tai.” Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Arunachal Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 258. Elymus dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 331. 1852 Clinelymus dahuricus (Trucz. ex Griseb.) Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R 30: 645. 1932 Elymus dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb. var. micranthus Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 697. 1960. Type: Pakistan: Bumbrait; July 22, 1956; J.H. Norris 25184 (K). Type. “Hab. In sibiria altaica pr. Krasnojarsk”; Turcz s.n. “inque Davuria”; Turcz s.n. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 259. Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 21. 1973 ssp. dentatus Agropyron dentatum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 370. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, alt. 9000–12000 ft.; Jacquemont s.n., Thomson s.n. Western Tibet; Karakoram, alt. 14000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 260. Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev ssp. elatus (Hook. f.) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 455. 1984 Agropyron dentatum Hook. f. var. elatum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 371. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, Dras, alt. 12000–13000 ft.; Thomson s.n. Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev var. elatus (Hook. f.) G. Singh, J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 8(2): 497. 1986 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 95 261. Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev ssp. kashmiricus (Melderis) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 455. 1984 Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev var. kashmiricus (Melderis) Signh, J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 8: 497. 1986 Agropyron dentatum Hook. f. var. kashmiricum Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 690. 1960. Type: India: Kashmir; W. Munro s.n. (K). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). 262. Elymus dentatus (Hook. f.) Tzvelev ssp. scabrus (Nevski) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 455. 1984 Agropyron dentatum Hook. f. var. scabrum Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R 30: 626. 1932. Type: India: Kashmir, Gilgit, Multur Valley in the bed of stream, 9000–10000 ft.; August 5, 1892; J.F. Duthie 12423 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 263. Elymus duthiei (Melderis) G. Singh, Taxon 32(4): 639. 1983 Agropyron duthiei Melderis, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 662, 690. 1960. Type: Western Himalaya: near Simla, 7000–8000 ft.; August 23, 1889; J.F. Duthie 10123 (K). Elymus longearistatus (Boiss.) Tzvelev ssp. duthiei (Melderis) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 468. 1984 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 264. Elymus fedtschenkoi Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 21. 1973 Agropyron curvatum Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R 30: 629. 1932. Type: “Habitat in Turkestania (Prov. Semipalatinsk, Semireczie, Fergana (Alaj) Kuldsha).” Agropyron macrolepis auct. non Drobow 1925: Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 663. 1960 96 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). 265. Elymus himalayanus (Nevski) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 61. 1972 Roegneria himalayana Nevski, Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 17: 68. 1934. Type: NW Himalaya: Jihri-Garhwal, Rhudughera; August 19, 1983; J.F. Duttie 140 (LE). Agropyron himalayanum (Nevski) Melderis, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 662. 1960 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Jammu and Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 266. Elymus jacquemontii (Hook. f.) Tzvelev, Rast. Centr. Azii, Mater. Bot. Inst. Komarov 4: 221. 1968 Anthosachne jacquemontii (Hook. f.) Nevski Fl. URSS 2: 598, pl. 44, f. 20a and b 1934 Agropyron jacquemontii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 369–370. 1896. Syntypes: Western Tibet, Bekar; Jacquemont s.n. Nubra, alt. 17000 ft.; Thomson s.n. Kumaon, alt. 15500 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. Distribution. Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Perennial. 267. Elymus longe-aristatus (Boiss.) Tzvelev ssp. canaliculatus (Nevski) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.9: 62. 1972 Agropyron canaliculatum Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 509. 1932. Type: Tajikistan: Darvaz, Peter the Great Range southern slope, Vereshkai glacier, alt. 10500 ft.; July 29, 1899; V. Lipskii 2500 (LE). Roegneria longe-aristata (Boiss.) Drobow var. canaliculata (Nevski) L.B. Cai, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(2): 165. 1997 Agropyron longe-aristatum auct. non (Boiss.) Boiss., 1884: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 368. 1896 Elymus x incertus H. Hartmann, Candollea 39(2): 519. 1984. Type: Zanskar, Tungri Tal, Doda Rivers, alt. 12800 ft.; H. Hartmann 2613 Checklist of the grasses of India 97 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). Anthosachne Steud. is currently a recognized genus, but restricted to Australasia. Anthosachne longe-aristatus (Boiss.) Nevski does not belong to that genus according to Mary Barkworth (pers. comm. Dec 2013). 268. Elymus mutabilis (Drobov) Tzvelev, Pl. As. Cent. 4:217. 1968 Agropyron mutabile Drobow, Trudy Botaničeskago Muzeja Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk 16: 88, pl. 9, f. 3–4. 1916. Type: Drobov 315. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). 269. Elymus nayarii Karthik. in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 213. 1984. Replacement name. Agropyron thomsonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 370. 1896 (as “thomsoni”). Syntypes: Western Himalaya, alt. 10000–12000 ft. from Kunawur and Piti; Jacquemont s.n., Thomson s.n. Garhwal; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n., Duthie s.n. Elymus thomsonii (Hook. f.) Melderis in H. Hara et al., Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 132. 1978, non Hook. f., 1896 Distribution. Uttarakhand. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Clayton et al. (2006 onwards) cite this as Agropyron thompsonii, endemic to India. However, Löve (1984) placed it in the synonymy of Leymus secalinus. Evidently, more study is needed. 270. Elymus nutans Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 72. 1868 var. nutans Clinelymus nutans (Griseb.) Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 644. 1932 Elymus nutans Griseb. var. elatior Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 73. 1868. Type: Himalaya occidentalis: Garhwal, 10000–10600 ft.; Thomson s.n. Elymus nutans Griseb. var. condensatus Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 73. 1868. Type: Himalaya occidentalis, Garhwal, 13400–17600 ft.; T. Nari Khorsum 98 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Elymus sibiricus L. var. minor Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 373. 1896. Type: Duthie no. 13745 Elymus nutans Griseb. var. albidus Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 697. 1960. Type: West Himalaya: Kunawur, Soognam, circa agros; V. Jacquemont 1638 (K). Type. “West Himalaya”: Garhval, from Ghastoli North of Badrinath up the Sarsutti Valley do Deo Tal on South foot of Mana Pass; September 3–5, 1855; Schlagintweit 9158 (LE). Based on Hooker’s misapplication of E. sibiricus Hook., non L. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 271. Elymus repens (L.) Gould, Madroño 9(4): 127. 1947 Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 14. 1933 Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 102. 146, 180, pl. 20. f. 2. 1812 Triticum repens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae cultis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 104.7 (LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 43: 1431. 1965. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 272. Elymus russellii (Melderis) Cope, Fl. Pakistan 143: 618. 1982 Agropyron russellii Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 665, 694. 1960. Type: Karakoram, Hispar Glacier, dry Bank, 12500 ft.; August 1, 1939; R. Scott Russell 1388 (BM). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan] Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that it is unclear if this species occurs in India or if it is truly endemic only to the Pakistan portion of Kashmir (Baltistan, Gilgit, Markerum). Checklist of the grasses of India 99 273. Elymus schrenkianus (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Tzvelev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 428. 1960 Agropyron schrenkianum (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) P. Candargy, Etude Monogr. Tribu des Hordes 1: 22, 41. 1901 Triticum schrenkianum Fisch. & C.A. Mey., Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 3(68): 305. 1845. Type: “In monte Tarbagtai.” Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). 274. Elymus schugnanicus (Nevski) Tzvelev, Nov. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 62. 1972 Agropyron schugnanicum Nevski, Izvestiya Botanicheskogo Sada Akademii Nauk SSSR 30: 512. 1932 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). 275. Elymus sibiricus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753 Clinelymus sibiricus (L.) Nevski, Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 641. 1932 Elymus krascheninnikovii Roshev., Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 780. 1932 (as “krascheninnikovi”). Type: Mongolia bor. Occidentalis: In valle fl. Dshargalanta (47° lat. Bor., 104–105 ° long. or.) Ad fontem fl. Uber-Dshargalanta; September 11, 1925; H. Krascheninnikov 967/169 Elymus praetervisus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 348. 1854. Type: Russia: [South] Urals Mountains, Lake Ilmen; 1832; Lessing s.n. (LE). Type. “Habitat in Sibiria.” Proposed Conserved Type: Herb. Linn. No. 100.2 (LINN). Type designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 42: 554. 1964. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 276. Elymus sikkimensis (Melderis) Melderis, En. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 132. 1978 Agropyron sikkimense Melderis, Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan (excluding Bambuseae) 694. 1960 100 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Sikkim [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Sikkim fide Naithani (1990). 277. Elymus stewartii (Melderis) Cope, Fl. Pakistan 143: 627. 1982 Agropyron stewartii Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 695. 1960. Type: Baltistan: near Kasurmik, Shyok watershed, 9000–10000 ft.; August 15, 1940; R.R. Stewart & I. D. Stewart 20704 (BM). Pseudoroegneria stewartii (Melderis) A. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 447. 1984 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Not recorded but likely perennial. Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Pseudoroegneria is usually separated from Elymus, but it is unclear whether P. stewartii is a good member of Pseudoroegneria. 278. Elymus tschimganicus (Drobow) Tzvelev, Rasteniia Tsentral’noi Azii 4: 221. 1968 Agropyron tschimganicum Drobow, Key Fl. Tashkent 1: 40. 1923 Distribution. Uttar Pradesh [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng comments on the orthographic variations in the history of this name. In 1923 Drobow spelled it tschimganicum; in 1940 Drobow spelled it czimganicum; in Fl. Central Azii, 4: 221 (270 in English ed.) 1968, Tzvelev, comb. nov. the combination was spelled as Elymus czimganicus, later corrected to tschimganicus. 279. Elymus × nothus (Melderis) G. Singh, Taxon 32(4): 639. 1983 Agropyron × nothum Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 693. 1960. Type: Karakoram, Makerum, Hispar Glacier, dry bank, 12,500 ft.; August 1, 1939; R. Scott Russell 1387 (BM). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Habit. Not recorded. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng states that this is the named hybrid Elymus dentatus × E. fedtschenkoi. Cope (1982) lists it among other putative hybrids but says none have been investigated beyond original characterization. Checklist of the grasses of India 101 Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 3. 14: 360. 1851 Triticum sect. Eremopyrum Ledeb., Fl. Altaica 1: 112. 1829. Lectotype. Eremopyrum orientale (L.) Jaub. & Spach (Secale orientale L.). LT designated by A. Love in Biol. Zentralbl. 101: 208. 1982. 280. Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 18. 1933 Triticum bonaepartis Spreng., Bot. Gart. Halle erster Nachtrag [Suppl. 1]. 40. 1801. Type: “Habitat in Aegypto, Sprengel.” Africa: Egypt, alt. 4200–7000 ft. (B-W2335.1). (vide Tropicos) Agropyron bonaepartis (Spreng.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 936. 1894 (as “Agropyrum buonapartis”) Agropyron orientale (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. sublanuginosum Drobow, Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 16: 135. 1916. Type: “Prov. Syr-Darja. Circa urb. PetroAlexandrowsk. In arenosis (Lg. A. Zaregradsky, 1914).” Eremopyrum buonapartis (Spreng.) Nevski var. sublanuginosum (Drobow) Melderis, Ark. Bot., n.s. 2: 215, 305. 1952 Agropyron turkestanicum Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 420. 1913. Type: Turkestan: Merw province, near Repetek; April 16, 1902; Androssow in Herb. fl. Ross 1899 (C). Hordeum hirsutum Bertol., Misc. Bot. 1: 11. 1842. Lectotype: Chesney’s Exped. Pl. Sicc. 196, 1837, “Euphr. ex oris Euphratis” (BOLO). LT designated by Frederikden, Nordic J. Bot. 11: 279. 1991. Eremopyrum hirsutum (Bertol.) Nevski, Fl. URSS 2: 663. 1934 Triticum squarrosum Roth, Neue Beytr. Bot. 128. 1802, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Triticum bonaepartis Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 281. Eremopyrum distans (K. Koch) Nevski, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 18. 1933 Agropyron distans K. Koch, Linnaea 21: 426. 1848 (as “Agropyrum”). Type: “Aus der Provinz Eriwan, c. 3000’ hoch, auf basaltisch-trachytischem Boden.” Russia: Armenia, ultra Araxen fluv. apud Amaranth; 1838; C. Koch 636 (LE) Agropyron lasianthum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 2(13): 68. 1854 (as “Agropyrum”). Type: “Hab. in Campis Caspiis (Fisch.) in Songaria (Turcz) sub nominee Tr. Orientalis acceptum.” 102 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. India (Western Himalaya; states not recorded) [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 282. Eremopyrum orientale (L.) Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 26–27. t. 319. 1851 Secale orientale L., Sp. Pl. 1: 84. 1753. Type: “Habitat ad Archipelagum.” Neotype: Herb. Tournefort No. 4939 (P-TOURN). LT designated by Frederiksen in Nordic J. Bot. 11: 277. 1991. Agropyrum orientale (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 757. 1817 Triticum orientale (L.) M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 86. 1808 Distribution. India (Western Himalaya; states not recorded) [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Hordeum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 84. 1753 Lectotype. Hordeum vulgare L. (Designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 1: 286. 7 Jun 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 98. 1920). 283. Hordeum aegiceras Royle ex Lindl., Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2. 1836 Critho aegiceras (Royle ex Lindl.) E. Mey., Index Seminum [Königsberg (Regimontanum)]. 5. 1848 Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. aegiceras (Royle ex Lindl.) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95(7–8): 435. 1984) Hordeum vulgare L. var. aegiceras (Royle ex Lindl.) Aitch., Cat. Pl. Punjab Sindh 171. 1869 Type. Kashmir: cultivated at over 3000 m. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is sometimes cultivated in Eastern Europe where it is accepted as Hordeum vulgare subsp. aegiceras (Nees ex Royle) Á. Löve (PlantBase 2005). Clayton et al. (2006 onwards) accept it as a species, and Flora of China (Wu et al. 2006) as a variety, Hordeum vulgare var. trifurcatum (Schltdl.) Alef. Checklist of the grasses of India 103 284. Hordeum bogdanii Wilensky, Trudy Glavn. Bot. Sada 40: 248. 1928 (as “bogdani”) Critesion bogdanii (Wilensky) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 438. 1984 Hordeum secalinum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 372. 1896, p.p., non Schreb., 1771 Type. Russia: Volga region, Lake Elton, near farm Smutnev; March 27, 1917; D. Wilensky 374a (LE). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record in India fide Naithani (1990). 285. Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link, Linnaea 17: 391–392. 1844 ssp. brevisubulatum Hordeum secalinum Schreb. var. brevisubulatum Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1(1): t. 4. 1823. Type: “Figura ad speciment ircutense.” Hordeum secalinum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 372. 1896, p.p., non Schreb., 1771 Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya; states not recorded) [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 286. Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link ssp. nevskianum (Bowden) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 66. 1971 Hordeum nevskianum Bowden, Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 7: 396. 1965 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial Remarks. Records from India and Nepal fide Naithani (1990). 287. Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link ssp. turkestanicum (Nevski) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 66. 1971 Hordeum turkestanicum Nevski, Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 17: 40. 1934. Type: “Montes meridionales: Tian-schan occidentalis. Ad declivia argilloso-saxosa montis Tschimgan Majoris”; August 10, 1926; Rajkova s.n. 104 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Critesion brevisubulatum (Trin.) Á. Löve ssp. turkestanicum (Nevski) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 438. 1984 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial Remarks. Records from India and Nepal fide Naithani (1990). 288. Hordeum lagunculiforme Bakhteyer, Kungl. Lantbrukshogskolans Ann. 23: 309, pl. 1. 1957 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China]. Habit. Annual. 289. Hordeum leporinum Link, Linnaea 9: 133. 1834 Hordeum murinum L. var. leporinum (Link) K. Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 130. 1890 Hordeum murinum L. ssp. leporinum (Link) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital. 805. 1882. Critesion murinum (L.) Á. Löve ssp. leporinum (Link) Á. Löve, Taxon 29(2–3): 350. 1980 Hordeum pseudomurinum Tapp. ex W.D.J. Koch., Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 955. 1845. Type: “Ad vias in Tyroli australi, (bei Schlanders im Vintschgau, Dr. Tappeiner)”; Tappeiner s.n. Hordeum ambiguum Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(3): 231. 1880. Type: “Habitat ad Monte video, sello d. n. 755.” Uruguay: Montevideo; Sellow 755 Hordeum rubens Willk., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 109. 1875. Type: “Mallorea: in cultis, muris, ruderatis, hortis in oppido Soller. Die 6 Maji Jam fere defloratum.” Type. “Frequens in Graecia.” Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [also in Europe]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species may not occur in India. It is native across the Mid-east to Pakistan including Kashmir. While Cope (1982) cites it as occurring in China, it is not listed by Wu et al. (2006). 290. Hordeum marinum Huds. ssp. gussoneanum (Parl.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2: 737. 1902 Hordeum gussoneanum Parl., Fl. Palerm. 1: 246. 1845, in obs. Type: Italy: Sicily; Gussone s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 105 Critesion marinum (Huds.) Á. Löve ssp. gussoneanum (Parl.) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, Amer. J. Bot. 72(5): 772. 1985 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Naturalized; native from Europe to central Asia. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record in India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that if this actually occurs in India, it is probably naturalized. Cope (1982) records it as occurring in Europe to central Asia, and cites one record from Pakistan. 291. Hordeum murinum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1753 ssp. murinum Zeocriton murinum (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 182. 1812 Critesion murinum (L.) Á. Löve, Taxon 29(2–3): 350. 1980 Triticum murale Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 27. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. Type. “Habitat in Europae locis ruderatis.” Lectotype: Herb. Clifford: 24, Hordeum 3 (BM-000557673). LT designated by Baum & Jarvis in Taxon 34: 529. f. 1. 1985. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan]. Habit. Annual. 292. Hordeum murinum L. ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 67. 1971 Hordeum glaucum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 352. 1854. Type: Saudi Arabia: Mons. Sinai; Schimper 383 (P). Critesion glaucum (Steud.) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 440. 1984 Hordeum stebbinsii Covas, Madrono 10(1): 17–19, pl. 2. F. 8, 12[left], 13. 1949. Type: USA: California: Lake County, Middletown; May 9, 1948; G.L. Stebbins & G. Covas 3927 (UC-754601). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Eurasia]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record from India fide Naithani (1990). 293. Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 430–431. 1848 Hordeum ithaburense Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. Ser. 1, 2(13): 70. 1854. Type: “Hab. In declivibus siccis montis Ithaburis in latere meridionali supra Daburieh.” 106 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Hordeum vulgare L. var. spontaneum (C. Koch) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 723. 1902 [cited as synonym] Type. “Auf den steppenartigen Matten des schirwanschen Theiles des Kaukasus, 500– 1000 ft.” Russia: Caucasus, 500–1000 ft.; C. Koch s.n. Distribution. India (Northwest; states not recorded) [China]. Habit. Perennial. 294. Hordeum vulgare L., Sp. Pl. 1: 84–85. 1753 Hordeum distichon L., Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1753. Neotype: France. “Pl. de l’Ouest de la France”; June 29, 1879; Guadeceau s.n. (BM-000576277). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 251. 2000. Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. agriocrithon (Åberg) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 435. 1984 Hordeum agriocrithon Åberg, Ann. Agri. Coll. Sweden 6: 159. 1938. Type: China: Xizang, Taofu (Dawo), 9600 ft. (“two specimens grown from the seed collection no. 13064”); H. Smith. Lectotype. Herb. Linn. No. 103.1 (LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 37: 679. 1959. Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated throughout semi-arid regions of Eurasia. Kengyilia C. Yen & J.L. Yang, Canad. J. Bot. 68: 1897. 1990 Type. Kengyilia gobicola C. Yen & J.L. Yang. 295. Kengyilia thoroldiana (Oliv.) J.L. Yang, C. Yen & B.R. Baum, Hereditas (Lund) 116(1–2): 27. 1992 Agropyron thoroldianum Oliv., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 23(3): t. 2262. 1893 Elymus thoroldianus (Oliv.) G. Singh, Taxon 32(4): 640. 1983 Roegneria thoroldiana (Oliv.) Keng, Acta Univ. Nankin. Sci. Nat. 1963(3): 79. 1963 Distribution. Sikkim [China]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 107 Leymus Hochst., Flora 31: 118. 1848 Type. Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. (Elymus arenarius L.). 296. Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvelev, 4: 209. 1968 Triticum secalinum Georgi, Bemerk. Reise Russ. Reich 1: 198. 1775. Type: Russia, 2600–5000m. Elymus dasystachys Trin., Fl. Altaic. (Ledebour). 1: 120. 1829 Elymus thomsonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 374. 1896 (as “thomsoni”). Type: China: Western Tibet, Xizang, Danskar, Piti, alt. 13000 ft.; T. Thomson s.n. Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 297. Leymus duthiei (Stapf ex Hook. f.), J. Syst. Evol. 47: 83. 2009 Asperella duthiei Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 375. 1896. Type: India: Western Himalaya, Tihri-Garhwal, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; J.F. Duthie 14564 (K). Hystrix duthiei (Stapf ex Hook. f.) Bor, Indian Forester 66(9): 544. 1940 Macrohystrix duthiei (Stapf ex Hook. f.) Tzvelev & Prob., Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow and Leningrad) 95: 858. 2010. Distribution. Western Himalaya. Habit. Perennial. Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á. Löve, Taxon 29: 168. 1980 Elytrigia sect. Pseudoroegneria Nevski, Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 17: 60. 1934 Type. Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb.) Á. Löve (Bromus strigosus M. Bieb.). 298. Pseudoroegneria cognata (Hack.) A. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 446. 1984 Agropyron cognatum Hack., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 10: 22. 1904. Type: India: Kashmir; J.F. Duthie 11895 (W). Elymus cognatus (Hack.) Cope, Fl. Pakistan 143: 628. 1982 108 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Agropyron cognatum Hack. var. shingoense Melderis in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 660, 690. 1960. Type: Baltistan: Kashmir, Shingo Valley, 10000– 11000 ft.; July 7, 1893; J.F. Duthie 11895 (K). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). Secale L., Sp. Pl. 1: 84. 1753 Lectotype. Secale cereale L. LT designated by Designated by Hitchcock in U.S.D.A. Bull. 772: 91. 1920. 299. Secale cereale L., Sp. Pl. 1: 84. 1753 Triticum cereale (L.) Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 27. 1796 Type. “Habitat - - - -” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 102.1 (LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 40: 1704. 1962. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Native to Eurasia; widely cultivated. 300. Secale segetale (Zhuk.) Roshev., Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 143. 1947 Secale cereale L. ssp. segetale Zhuk., Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19(2): 56. 1928 Secale afghanicum (Vavilov) Roshev., Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 139. 1947 Secale cereale L. var. afghanicum Vavilov, Trudy Prikl. Bot. 16(2): 77. 1926 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). Triticum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1753 Lectotype. Triticum aestivum L. LT designated by Hitchcock in Amer. J. Bot. 10: 513. 1923. Checklist of the grasses of India 109 301. Triticum aestivum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1753, nom. cons. Triticum compositum L., Syst. Veg., ed. 13. 108. 1774. Neotype : Cultivated. “Triticum compositum L. Introdotto nella coltura del basso Egitto,” Herb. Figari (K). Neotype designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 258. 2000. Triticum hybernum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753. Type: “Habitat - - - -” Lectotype: Herb. Clifford: 24, Triticum 2 (BM-000557669). LT designated by Hanelt et al. in Taxon 32: 496, f. 2. 1983. Triticum sativum Lam., Fl. Franc. (Lamarck). 3: 625. 1779 (“1778”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Triticum turgidum Triticum vulgare Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 153. 1787. Type: “N. Froment Tourn. Tab. 293.” Type. “Habitat - - - -” Lectotype: Herb. Clifford: 24, Triticum 3 (BM-000557670). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 37: 674. 1959. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. See van Slageren (1994). 302. Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schübl., Diss. Char. Descr. Cereal. 29. 1818 Triticum spelta L. var. dicoccum Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 389. 1789, sphalm. Type: Germany: Bavaria, Stuttgart; H.R. Kerner s.n. “ult. die vom H.R. Kerner von Stuttgart”; H.R. Kerner s.n. Triticum spelta Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 3: 21, t. 30. 1805, non L., 1753 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. 303. Triticum durum Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 114. 1798 Triticum polonicum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) A. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 497. 1984 Type. “Colitur in Barbaria.” 110 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. 304. Triticum monococcum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753 Crithodium monococcum (L.) Á. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 490. 1984 Lectotype. Herb. Linn. No. 104.4 (LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 37: 664. 1959. Distribution. India; states not recorded [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. Editor Kellogg questions whether this is truly cultivated in India. 305. Triticum polonicum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 127. 1762 Triticum glaucum Moench, Methodus (Moench) 174. 1794, nom. superfl. & illeg. for T. polonicum Triticum levissimum Hall., Stirp. Ind. Helv. 209. 1768 Type. “Habitat - - - -” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 104.3 (LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 37: 670. 1959. Distribution. Assam [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. The Linnaean typification project assigns the name Gigachilon polonicum (L.) Seidl ssp. polonicum to this taxon (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/ our-science/data/linnaean-typification/), but Soreng notes that Gigachilon is invalid. 306. Triticum spelta L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753 Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta (L.) Thell., Mitt. Naturwiss. Ges. Winterthur 12: 471. 1918 Checklist of the grasses of India 111 Triticum zea Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 3: 20. t. 29. 1805. Type: Seritur Type. “Habitat - - -” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 104.1 (LINN). LT designated by Morrison in Taxon 47: 709. 1998. Distribution. India; states not recorded [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. 307. Triticum sphaerococcum Percival, Wheat Pl. Monogr. 321. 1921 Triticum aestivum L. ssp. sphaerococcum (Percival) Mackey, Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 48: 586. 1954 Type. India: parts of Persia; Howard s.n. Distribution. Madhya Pradesh, Punjab. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. 308. Triticum turgidum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753 Triticum polonicum L. ssp. turgidum (L.) A. Löve, Feddes Repert. 95: 497. 1984 Type. “Habitat - - - -” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen No. 913.62–257 (L). LT designated by Morrison in Taxon 47: 707. 1998. Distribution. Northwest India [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is cultivated. It sporadically germinates on roadsides and pastures and market areas due to spillage of grain, but it would not persist on its own. The Linnaean typification project assigns the name Gigachilon polonicum (L.) Seidl ssp. turgidum (L.) Á. Löve to this taxon (Cafferty et al. 2000), but Soreng notes that Gigachilon is invalid. Tribe Poeae R. Br., 1814 Plants annual or perennial, rhizomatous or caespitose, inflorescence and spikelets variable; spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating above the glumes. The punctate hi- 112 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) lum may be synapomorphic; having an endosperm with lipid may also be derived here although this character is sparsely sampled. ×Agropogon P. Fourn., Quatre Fl. France (ed. 1) 50. 1934 (parent: Agrostis L., 1753 × Polypogon Desf. 1798) 309. ×Agropogon lutosus (Poir.) P. Fourn., Quatre Fl. France (ed. 1) 50. 1934 [Agrostis stolonifera × Polypogon monspeliensis] Agrostis lutosa Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 249. 1810, nom. nov. for Agrostis littoralis With. Agrostis subaristata Aitch. & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 192. pl. 29. 1881. Type: Afghanistan: Kuram District, on margins of fields, alt. 7000 ft.; J.E.T. Aitchison s.n. (K). Polypogon subaristatus (Aitch. ex Hemsl.) Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Curr. Sci. 49(11): 444. 1980 Polypogon littoralis Sm., Comp. Fl. Brit. 13. 1816, nom. nov. Agrostis littoralis With., Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3. 2: 129. t. 23. 1796, non Lam., 1791. Type: England: Specimens from Wells, on the Norfolk coast Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial (short-lived). Remarks. Widespread, sporadic across Eurasia, sterile. Agrostis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753, nom. cons. Type. Agrostis canina L. (typ. cons.). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that generic boundaries among Agrostis, Calamagrostis and Deyeuxia are confusing. No molecular studies have yet resolved the problem of how to divide these genera or determined if it is even possible to divide them. See also discussion under Calamagrostis. 310. Agrostis brachiata Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 256. 1896 Type. India: Bihar (“Behar”), Monghyr; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3769B). Distribution. Bihar [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 113 311. Agrostis canina L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62. 1753, nom. cons. Agraulus caninus (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 5, 147. t. 4. f. 7. 1812 Trichodium caninum (L.) Schrad., Fl. Germ. 1: 198. 1806 Agrostis wightii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 168. 1854. Type: Wight Herb. no. 78 as Vilfa vulgaris Type. “Habitat in Europae pascuis humidiusculis.” Conserved Type: Herb. Burser I: 3 (UPS). Type designated by Widén in Fl. Fennica 5 : 29. f. 25. 1971. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu [China]. Habit. Perennial. 312. Agrostis capillaris L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62 1753 Agrostis tenuis Sibth., Fl. Oxon. 36. 1794 Agrostis alba L. var. tenuis (Sibth.) Fiori, Nuov. Fl. Italia. 1: 97. 1923 Agrostis hispida Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 370. 1797. Type: “Habitat in Europae parties, pascuis et arvis.” Agrostis vulgaris With. var. hispida (Willd.) Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 1: 191. 1828 Agrostis stolonifera L. fo. hispida (Willd.) Farw., Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 351. 1920 Agrostis stolonifera L. var. vulgaris (With.) Celak., Prodr. Fl. Bohmen. 4: 710. 1881 (as “1880”) Agrostis vulgaris With., Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3. 2: 132. 1796. Type: England: very common but grows chiefly on poor dry and sandy soil Decandolia vulgaris (With.) Bastard, Essai Fl. Maine-et-Loire 28. 1809 Vilfa vulgaris (With.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 146. 1821 Agrostis vulgaris With. var. mutica G. Sinclair, Hort. Gram. Woburn. 269. 1824. Type: Germany Agrostis vulgaris With. var. plena G. Mey., Fl. Kon. Hanov. 3, sig. 22. 1842 Agrostis capillaris Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson), ed. 2. 1: 27. 1778, non L., 1753 Agrostis alba L. var. vulgaris (With.) Plues, Brit. Grass. 151. 1867, non G. Mey., 1824 Type. ”Habitat in Europae pratis” LT: Herb. A. van Royen (L-912.356–69 (left-hand specimen); ILT: L); designated by Widen, Fl. Fenn. 5: ? (1971). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. 313. Agrostis filipes Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 256. 1896 Type. Unresolved. Several syntypes: “Khasia Hills, alt. 5–6000 ft., in several places, Clarke”. 114 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 314. Agrostis gigantea Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 31–32. 1788 Agrostis stolonifera L. var. ramosa (Gray) Veldkamp, Blumea 28(1): 223–225. 1982. Type: “Not indicated and according to Philipson not preserved. The type of the next name might be appointed as lectotype.” Vilfa alba (L.) P. Beauv. var. ramosa Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 145. 1821. Type: Marshes and Woods Type. Europe: Germany; Roth s.n. (B). “Habitat inter arundinum et salices ad ripas Visurgi Ducatus Bremensis.” Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 315. Agrostis griffithiana (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 387. 1960 Calamagrostis griffithiana Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 263. 1896. Syntypes: Western Himalaya: Kumaon, alt. 5500 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. Khasia Hills, alt. 5000 ft.; Griffith s.n., J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Agrostis wardii Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 444. 1949. Type: India: Manipur State, Sirhoi Kashong, 9400 ft.; 8.10.1948; Kingdon-Ward 18145 (K). Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. See (Paszko and Pendry 2013). 316. Agrostis hissarica Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4: 93. 1923 Polypogon hissaricus (Roshev.) Bor, Fl. Iranica 70: 307. 1970 Agrostis stewartii Bor, Kew Bull. 1956: 255. 1956. Type: India: Swat State, Kalam, alt. 8000 ft.; August 23, 1952; R.R. Stewart 24733 (K). Syntypes. Turkestan: Buchara, Hissar District, Sorbo. 8000 ft.; July 23, 1896; W. Lipsky 3511. Prov. Samerkand Utsch-Chada; July 20, 1915; Balabajew s.n. Minkwitz; O. Knorring s.n. Prov. Fergana, Distr. Andishan, Otusart, sub trajectu Taldy bel.; August 21, 1911; Z. Minkwitz & O. Knorring 1791. Checklist of the grasses of India 115 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Polypogon hissaricus (Roshev.) Bor is the accepted name in Lu and Phillips (2006) and Clayton et al. (2006 onwards). Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). 317. Agrostis hookeriana C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 256. 1896 Type. India: Sikkim Himalaya, in meadow, alt. 9000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 318. Agrostis inaequiglumis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-AugustsUniv. 80. 1868 Type. India: Sikkim, 12000–15000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, N West Bengal. [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 319. Agrostis micrantha Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 170. 1854 Agrostis myriantha Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 257. 1896. Lectotype: India: Sikkim, Lachen, 9000–10000 ft.; August 2, 1849; J.D. Hooker & Thomson, Agrostis 7 (K). LT designated by H.J. Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 390. 1999. Agrostis myriantha Hook. f. var. khasiana Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 257. 1896. Lectotype: India: Khasia; J.D. Hooker & Thomson, Agrostis 8 (part) (K). LT designated by H.J. Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 390. 1999. Agrostis myriantha Hook. f. var. sikkimensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 257. 1896 (nom. superfl. for var. myriantha by lectotypification; H.J. Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 390. 1999). Agrostis platyphylla Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 302. 1921. Holotype: J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson, Agrostis 8 (in part); no date; India: Khasia (B (photo, K); IT: US-73398 (fragm. ex B)) B destroyed Agrostis himalayana Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 269. 1953. Type: Assam: Balipara Frontier Tract, Nyukmadung, 6400 ft.; F. Kingdon-Ward 11538 (BM). Type. Nepal; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3776) (P). 116 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 320. Agrostis munroana Aitch. & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 192. 1882 ssp. munroana Calamagrostis munroana (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 523. 1884 Calamagrostis munroana (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Boiss. var. stricta Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 263. 1896. Type: Common at altitudes of 11000–15000 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom, Agrostis no 4 Type. Afghanistan: Kuram District, Shend-toi gorge, alt. 10000–11000 ft.; J.E.T. Aitchison s.n. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 321. Agrostis munroana Aitch. & Hemsl. ssp. indica Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 205. f. 1. 1985 (“1983”) Type. India: Himachal Pradesh, Karcham-Brue Road; August 27, 1973; Janardhanan 52862A (CAL). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 322. Agrostis nervosa Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 328. 1841 Agrostis clarkei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 257. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, alt. 9000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Agrostis sikkimensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 502. 1954 Agrostis divaricata Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 81. 1868, non Hoffman, 1800. Type: Himalaya orientalis: Sikkim, alt. 9000–12000; J.D. Hooker Agrostis no. 11 Type. India; Royle s.n. (LE). Checklist of the grasses of India 117 Distribution. Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Hooker cited four specimens for A. clarkei, which are syntypes. A lectotype appears not to have been designated yet. 323. Agrostis peninsularis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 255. 1896 Syntypes. India: Deccan Peninsula; Wight Cat no. 1746. Pulney Hills; Wight s.n. Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Afghanistan]. Habit. Annual. 324. Agrostis pilosula Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 372. 1841 var. pilosula Agrostis pilosula Trin. var. wallichiana (Steud.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 459. 1954 Agrostis pilosula Trin. f. wallichiana (Steud.) Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 210. 1985 (“1983”) Calamagrostis pilosula (Trin.) Hook. f. var. wallichiana (Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 264. 1896 Agrostis wallichiana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 174. 1854. Type: Himalaya; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3775a) Agrostis royleana Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6,4(3–4): 371. 1841. Type: India; Royle s.n. (LE). Agrostis ciliata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 373. 1841. Type: India Calamagrostis ciliata Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 193. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 67, 71 & 303 Calamagrostis hookeriana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 192. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka Calamagrostis jacquemontii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 265. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir; moist places on the Pyr Panjal; Jacquemont no. 97 Calamagrostis neesii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 193. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 72 Agrostis pilosula Trin. var. alpestris (Hook. f.) Veldkamp, Blumea 28(1): 203. 1982 Calamagrostis pilosula (Trin.) Hook. f. var. alpestris Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 264. 1896. Type: Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 11000–15000 ft. Calamagrostis pilosula (Trin.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 263. 1896 Calamagrostis pilosula (Trin.) Hook. f. var. ciliata (Trin.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 264. 1896 Lachnagrostis ciliata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 373. 1841, pro. syn., nom. nud. Type: “Ind. orient.” 118 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Calamagrostis pilosula (Trin.) Hook. f. var. scabra Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 264. 1896. Type: India: in woods at about 7000–10000 ft., Kashmir to Sikkim. Hack. in Herb. Duthie n. 10,088, as Agrostis bicuspidata Hack. in Herb. Duthie 7583, as Agrostis royleana Nees in Herb. Royle s.n., as Lachnagrostis scabra. Calamagrostis roylei Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 193. 1854. Type: Nepal Deyeuxia royleana (Trin.) Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 108. 1885 Lachnagrostis royleana Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 371. 1841, pro. syn., nom. nud. Type: “In Royle Herb. Ind. reg. mont. sup. no. 266” Lachnagrostis scabra Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 372. 1841, pro. syn., nom. nud. Type: “Ind. orient. reg. mont. super”; Royle s.n. Agrostis pilosula Trin. var. royleana (Trin.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 459. 1954, nom. illeg. Agrostis tungnathii Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 204–205, f. 1. 1985 (“1983”). Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Chamoli, on way to Tungnath, 12800 ft.; August 29, 1978; Bhattacharya 1524A (CAL). Type. India; Royle 72 (LE). Distribution. Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Clayton et al. (2006 onwards) places A. tungnathii in synonymy here. 325. Agrostis pilosula Trin. var. filifolia Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 459. 1954 Agrostis pilosula Trin. f. filiifolia (Bor) Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 210. 1985 (“1983”) Syntypes. India: Madras, Silva cascade, Riverside Pulneys; June 1, 1898; A.G. Bourne 1022. Lidcot Valley, Kodaikanal, Pulney; July 10, 1898; A.G. Bourne 3143. Bear Shola Valley, Pulneys; June 21, 1901; A.G. Bourne 1486. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 326. Agrostis pleiophylla Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 301. 1921. Lectotype. C.B. Clarke 26852; 31 Jul 1875; Sikkim: Darjeeling, 2280 m (B100448371) LT designated by B. Paszko and Soreng 2013, to supersede that by Noltie. Distribution. Assam, Khasa Hills, Meghalaya, Sikkim. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 119 Remarks. See Paszko and Soreng (2013) for a discussion of typification of this species. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this is not a synonym of A. zenkeri, but rather is a good taxon on its own. 327. Agrostis schmidii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1810. 1934 Calamagrostis schmidii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 264. 1896. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills, Ootacamund; Schmid s.n. Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 328. Agrostis stolonifera L., Sp. Pl. 1: 62. 1753 Agrostis alba sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 254. 1896, non L., 1753 Type. “Habitat in Europa.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 912.356–55 (L). LT designated by Widén in Fl. Fennica 5: 77. f. 28. 1971. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Meghalaya, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 329. Agrostis tripilifera (Hook. f.) Forsan, ined. Agrostis triaristata (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 391. 1960, nom. later hom., non Knapp, 1804 Calamagrostis tripilifera Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 262. 1896. Syntypes. India: Sikkim, in the drier interior, 10000–13000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n.; Clarke s.n, King’s Collector Deyeuxia triaristata Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 266. 1896. Type: Sikkim Himalaya: in woods, Yeumtong, alt. 12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Deyeuxia tripilifera (Hook. f.) Keng, Sunyatsenia 6(1): 68. 1941 Distribution. Sikkim. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. This combination is accepted by Clayton et al. (2006 onwards) but appears not to be published. See also Paszko (2012b). 120 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 330. Agrostis vinealis Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips. 47. 1771 Agrostis canina sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 255. 1896, non L.,1753 Type. Germany: “In siccioribus ad Schoenfeld templum S. Theclae.” Distribution. Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 331. Agrostis zenkeri Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 363. 1841 Deyeuxia zenkeri (Trin.) Veldkamp, The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 37(2): 219. 1984[1985]. Calamagrostis zenkeri (Trin.) Davidse, in M.D. Dassanayake et al. (eds.), Revised Handb. Fl. Ceylon 8: 107. 1994 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri; Zenker s.n. (LE-TRIN-1669.01). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial (perhaps annual?). Remarks. Paszko argues that this species is properly placed in Agrostis (Paszko and Soreng 2013) Aira L., Sp. Pl. 1: 63. 1753, nom. cons. Type. Aira praecox L. (typ. cons.) 332. Aira caryophyllea L., Sp. Pl. 1: 66. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Angliae, Germaniae, Galliae glareosis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 85.22 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 84. 1970. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh [China]. Habit. Annual. Alopecurus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 60. 1753 Lectotype. Alopecurus pratensis L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 191. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock in Bull. U.S.D.A 772: 137. 1920. Checklist of the grasses of India 121 333. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol., Fl. Petrop. 16. 1799 Alopecurus caespitosus Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 3(21): t. 241. 1829. Type: “Figura ad specimen Boreali-Americanum.” NW America: Douglas; J. Lindley s.n. (LETRIN-1537.01). Alopecurus diandrus Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 11. 1851. Type: India: “Assam in ripas arenosis Brahmaputra fluminis rarus March 1836. It. Ass. 45.” Alopecurus aristulatus Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 43. 1803. Type: “Hab. in Paludosis Canadae”; H. Pittier, T.A. Durand s.n. Alopecurus fulvus Sm., Engl. Bot. 21: t. 1467. 1805. Type: England: Swainsthorpe, four miles south of Norwich; Stone s.n. Alopecurus subaristatus Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 80. 1805, nom. superfl & illeg. Type. “Habitat in locis uliginosis cum Alopecurus geniculatus, in lacubus natans est”; Sobolewski s.n. (LE). Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual or perennial. Remarks. Records for Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, and Nagaland fide Naithani (1990). 334. Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 8: 776. 1808 Alopecurus ventricosus Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 80. 1805, non Huds. 1778. Type: “Hab. in Gallia.” Type. “Cette plante est cultivate au Jardin des Plantes de Paris Jignore son lieu natal. (herb. Desfont.)” Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 335. Alopecurus geniculatus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 60. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Europae uliginosis.” Lectotype: Herb. Burser I: 26 (UPS). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 245. 2000. Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 122 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 336. Alopecurus himalaicus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 238. 1896 Type. India: Kashmir and Dras, alt.10000–14500 ft.; Falconer s.n. (K). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 337. Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson) 23. 1762 Alopecurus agrestis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 89. 1762. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi.” Lectotype: Hudson 29, Herb. Linn. No. 82.2 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 245. 2000. Type. “Habitat in arvis, et ad vias”; Hudson s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 338. Alopecurus nepalensis Trin. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 148. 1854 Alopecurus borii Tzvelev, Vasailchenko, Nov. Syst. Plant Vasc. 8: 21. 1971. Type: Turcomania, in valley fl. Amu-Darja, 15 km ad astros versus urb. Czardzhou; 8 May 1958, T. Nadezhina s.n. (LE) Type. Nepal; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3780). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Doğan (1999) places A. borii in the synonymy of A. nepalensis. Aniselytron Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C. 5: 328. 1910 Type. Aniselytron agrostoides Merr. 339. Aniselytron treutleri (Kuntze) Soják, Cas. Nar. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148(3– 4): 202. 1980 Milium treutleri Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 780. 1891. Type: India: Sikkim: Tanglo, beim Dorf Shimong, 10500 ft.; August 5, 1874; Von Treutler 486 (K). Calamagrostis treutleri (Kuntze) U. Shukla, non Govaerts. Grasses N.E. India 51. 1996. Checklist of the grasses of India 123 Deyeuxia treutleri (Kuntze) Stapf, non Rauschert. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 24(4): pl. 2396. 1895. Neoaulacolepis treutleri (Kuntze) Rauschert. Taxon 31(3): 561. 1982. Aniselytron treutleri (Kuntze) Bennet & Raizada, Indian Forester 107(7): 434. 1981, isonym, nom. inval. Distribution. Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Anthoxanthum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 28. 1753 Lectotype. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 171. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A 772: 201. 1920. 340. Anthoxanthum borii S.K. Jain & D.C. Pal, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72: 92. 1975 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Palnis, Pambar Stream near Shenthadikanal; December 6, 1898; Bourne 1954 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record from Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 341. Anthoxanthum flexuosum (Hook. f.) Veldkamp, Blumea 30(2): 347. 1985 Hierochloe flexuosa Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 222. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim Himalaya, Bijean; King’s collector s.n. (K). Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China]. Habit. Perennial. 342. Anthoxanthum hookeri (Griseb.) Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 380. 1904 Ataxia hookeri Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 77. 1868. Type: India: Sikkim, 9000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker Ataxia no. 2 Hierochloe hookeri (Griseb.) Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 32: 627. 1888 124 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Hierochloe hookeri (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 223. 1896, isonym, non (Griseb) Maxim., 1888 Distribution. Tamil Nadu, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 343. Anthoxanthum horsfieldii (Kunth ex Bennett) Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 291. 1921 Ataxia horsfieldii Kunth ex Bennett, Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) 8, pl. 3. 1838 Hierochloe horsfieldii (Kunth ex Benn.) Maxim., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Asiat. 7: 930. 1888 Anthoxanthum formosanum Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40(474): 318. 1926 Anthoxanthum horsfieldii var. formosanum (Honda) Veldkamp, J. Jap. Bot. 68(6): 344. 1993 Anthoxanthum horsfieldii var. luzoniense (Merr.) Y. Schouten, Blumea 30(2): 337. 1985 Anthoxanthum japonicum ssp. luzoniense (Merr.) T. Koyama, Grass. Jap. Neighb. Reg. 486. 1987 Anthoxanthum luzoniense Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl.): 178. 1906 Anthoxanthum horsfieldii var. viridescens (Honda) Veldkamp, J. Jap. Bot. 68(6): 344. 1993 Anthoxanthum viridescens Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 379. 1927 Anthoxanthum clarkei (Hook. f.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 8. 1947 Hierochloe clarkei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 223. 1896. Type: India: Khasia Hills, Lailan Kote, alt. 5500; C.B. Clarke s.n. Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim [China]. Habit. Perennial. 344. Anthoxanthum khasiana (C.B. Clarke) Ohwi, Bulletin of the Tokyo Science Museum 18: 8. 1947 Hierochloe khasiana C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 223. 1896. Type: India: Khasia Hills, alt. 4500–6000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Distribution. Meghalaya. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 125 345. Anthoxanthum laxum (R. Br. ex Hook. f.) Veldkamp, Blumea 30(2): 348. 1985 Hierochloe laxa R. Br. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 222. 1896. Type: Western Himalaya, Kashmir, from alt. 10000–12000 ft. to Kumaon, alt. 12000–16000 ft.; R. Brown (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3796) Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 346. Anthoxanthum odoratum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 28. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Europae pratis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 46.1 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 19. 1993. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 347. Anthoxanthum sikkimense (Maxim.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 8. 1947 Hierochloe sikkimensis Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 32: 626. 1888. Type: India: Sikkim; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson Ataxia 1 Anthoxanthum gracillimum (Hook. f.) Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 291. 1921 Hierochloe gracillima Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 223. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, alt. 10000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Distribution. Sikkim [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 348. Anthoxanthum tibeticum (Bor) Veldkamp, Blumea 30(2): 350. 1985 Hierochloe tibetica Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 271. 1953 Distribution. Sikkim. [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record in India fide Naithani (1990). 126 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Arctopoa (Griseb.) Prob., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11: 49. 1974 Glyceria sect. Arctopoa Griseb., in Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 4(13): 392 1852 Type. Glyceria glumaris (Trin.) Griseb. ==Arctopoa eminens (J. Presl) Prob. 349. Arctopoa tibetica (Munro ex Stapf ) Prob., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11: 52 1974 Poa tibetica Munro ex Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 339. 1896 var. tibetica. Syntypes: China: Western Tibet, Piti, alt. 9000–16000 ft.; Jacquemont s.n. Ladakh; Thomson s.n. Plains of Tibet north of Kumaon, alt. 15000 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Arctopoa has been demonstrated be of old reticulate origin (Gillespie et al. 2008), derived from an extinct parent (chloroplast donor) from an early lineage of Poa crossed with a parent from a lineage outside Poa but related to Cinna and Arctagrostis (nrDNA donor). The genus has diversified and now includes at least three well marked and stable species, although Probatova (2003) recognizes eight. 350. Arctopoa tibetica (Munro ex Stapf ) Prob. var. aristulata (Stapf ) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212054-1 Poa tibetica Munro ex Stapf var. aristulata Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 339. 1896. Type: Eastern Tibet, North of Sikkim, alt. 16000–17000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Poa pseudotibetica Noltie, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57(2): 279–281, f. 1A–D. 2000. (Edinburgh J. Bot.). Type: Sikkim; Chholhamoo, marshy meadows, 17820 ft, 6 Aug. 1972, Pradham, Norbu & Naku 206 (HT: E00393981) Distribution. Sikkim [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that recognizing this variety requires a new combination in Arctopoa, which we make here. It could also be recognized as a separate species but he does not feel that this is warranted. Checklist of the grasses of India 127 Avena L., Sp. Pl. 1: 79. 1753 Lectotype. Avena sativa L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 218. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 110. 1920. 351. Avena barbata Pott ex Link in Schrader, J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 315. 1799 Lectotype. Lusitania, ex cult. mea; July 1796; Pott s.n. (LE). Distribution. Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 352. Avena byzantina C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 392. 1848 Type. “Ich erhielt sie auch unter den Thirkenschen aus der Umgegend von Brussa gesammelten Pflanzen.” Distribution. Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this is a Mediterranean taxon, presumably introduced to India in cultivation. It was placed in Avena sativa by Baum (1977). This species does grow outside of cultivation as a weed in other crops and disturbed places around where it is cultivated. It is recognized as a separate species by some taxonomists (e.g. by Chiapella and Amarilla (2012)), based on its slender, non-geniculate awn on both florets. Other authors (e.g. http://www.emplantbase. org/home.html) consider it as a subspecies – Avena sativa subsp. byzantina (K. Koch) Romero Zarco (Euro+Med Plantbase on-line). The latter treatment seems preferable. 353. Avena fatua L., Sp. Pl. 1: 80. 1753 Avena fatua L. var. pilosissima Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 131. 1821. Type: Corn fields Avena fatua L. var. glabrata Peterm., Fl. Bienitz. 13. 1841 Avena sativa L. var. sericea Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 275. 1896. Type: Bhutan; Griffith s.n. Avena fatua L. var. pilosa Syme, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club 1871: 20. 1872. Type: Beanfield Claygate, Surrey; H.C. Watson s.n. Avena fatua L. ssp. meridionalis Malzev, Bull. Appl. Bot. Gen. Pl. Br., Suppl. 38: 304. 1930 Avena meridionalis (Malzev) Roshev., Fl. Turkmen. 1: 105. 1932 128 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Type. “Habitat in Europae agris inter segetes.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 95.9 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 82. 1970. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record from Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). 354. Avena sativa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 79. 1753 Lectotype. Herb. Clifford: 25, Avena 1 (BM-000557678). LT designated by Baum in Taxon 23: 579. f. 1. 1974. Distribution. Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. It is unclear whether this species is naturalized or only cultivated. 355. Avena sterilis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 118. 1762 var. sterilis Type. “Habitat in Hispania. Alströmer.” Lectotype: Alströmer 7, Herb. Linn. No. 95.12 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1 : 84. 1970. Distribution. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 356. Avena sterilis L. var. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne, Nouv. Fl. Franc., ed. 3, 532. 1875 Avena ludoviciana Durieu, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 20: 41. 1855. Type: “Cette espece est assez frequente dans les environs de Bordeaux, aux lieux deja cites, elle semble preferer les terrain calcaires aux siliceux, quand I’A.” France: Bordeaux; May 27, 1855; G. Lespinasse s.n. (LE). [France]: de la Garonne: Bordeaux; July 6 1855; F. Schultz 386 herbarium normale. Cent. 4. (LE). Distribution. Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Jammu and Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 129 Briza L., Sp. Pl. 1: 70. 1753 Macrobriza (Tzvelev) Tzvelev Komarovskie Čtenija (Moscow and Leningrad) 37: 32 1987 Lectotype. Briza media L. LT designated by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 45. 1920. 357. Briza maxima L., Sp. Pl. 1: 70. 1753 Macrobriza maxima (L.) Tzvelev., Bot. Žhurn. (Moscow and Leningrad) 78(10): 91 1993 Type. “Habitat in Italia, Lusitania.” Lectotype: Seguier, Herb. Linn. No. 88.6 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 53. 1970. Distribution. Karnataka, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 358. Briza media L., Sp. Pl. 1: 70. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Europae partis [sic] siccioribus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 88.5 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1720. 1985. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 359. Briza minor L., Sp. Pl. 1: 70. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Helvetia, Italia.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 88.1 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 53. 1970. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu. Perhaps naturalized. [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Possibly naturalized. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). Calamagrostis Adans., Fam. Pl. (Adanson) 2: 31, 530. 1763 Deyeuxia Clarion ex P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 43. 1812. LT: Deyeuxia montana P. Beauv. (D. pyramidalis (Host.) Veldkamp), designated by Niles & Chase, Contr. US Natl. Herb. 24: 169. 1925. 130 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Type. Calamagrostis lanceolata Roth (Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: 34. 1789) (Arundo calamagrostis L.). Notes. The treatment here of Calamagrostis and Deyeuxia should be considered provisional as the generic boundaries are unclear. The two are considered distinct by Lu et al. (2006) and Kellogg (2015b). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Calamagrostis is deeply polyphyletic (Saarela et al. 2010). See also Paszko and Chen (2013), and Paszko and Ma (2011). 360. Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 33. 1788 Agrostis arundinacea L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae monticulis sylvosis glareosis juniperitis.” Lectotype: Amman 26, Herb. Linn. No. 84.7 (LINN). LT designated by Veldkamp in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 243. 2000. Deyeuxia sylvatica (Schrad.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 77. 1829 Calamagrostis pyramidalis Host., Icones et Descriptiones Graminum Austriacorum 4: 28, pl. 49. 1809. (Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac.). Type: In sylvis Pannoniae...Bruck an der Leitha...Junio, Julio, Anon. s.n. (W?) Deyeuxia pyramidalis (Host.) Veldkamp, Blumea 37(1): 230. 1992 Deyeuxia montana P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 43. 1812. Arundo montana Gaudin, nom. illeg. superfl. for Agrostis arundinacea L. Arundo sylvatica Schrad., Fl. Germ. (Schrader) 1: 218. t. 4. f. 7. 1806 (as “Siluativa”), nom. superfl. & illeg. Deyeuxia arundinacea (L.) Jansen, Acta Bot. Neerl. 1: 470. 1952, nom. illeg. hom., non P. Beauv., 1812 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Deyeuxia arundinacea P. Beauv. has no connection with any Indian species and is equal to Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) T. Durand & Schinz. 361. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 15: 157. 1812 Calamagrostis cinnoides Barton, Compend. Fl. Phila. 1:45. 1818. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). However, these records are dubious. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that the only correct name for this as misapplied is Calamagrostis nuttaliana Steud., but he remains skeptical that this should be in Asia at all. Checklist of the grasses of India 131 362. Calamagrostis debilis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 262. 1896 Deyeuxia debilis (Hook. f.) Veldkamp, Gard. Bull. Singapore 37(2): 220. 1985 Agrostis debilis (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan. 387. 1960, non Poir, 1810 Agrostis neodebilis Bennet & Raizada, Indian Forester 107(7): 433. 1981 Type. India: Sikkim: Chola, 9800 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K). Distribution. Sikkim [China]. Habit. Perennial. 363. Calamagrostis decora Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 260. 1896 Type. India: Kashmir, Astor Valley, alt. 9000–10000 ft.; J.F. Duthie no. 12600. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 364. Calamagrostis diffusa (Keng) Keng f., Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(3): 195–196. 1984 Deyeuxia diffusa Keng, Sunyatsenia 6(2): 94–95. 1941. Type: China: Yunnan: 1900– 2750 m, E.E. Maire 6863 p.p. Agrostis nagensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 497. 1954. Type: India: Assam, Naga Hills, Japvo, alt. 7500 ft.; September 28, 1935; N.L. Bor 6449 (K). Calamagrostis nagensis (Bor) Uniyal, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 8(1): 235. 1986 Deyeuxia nagensis (Bor) Veldkamp, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 13(1): 74. 1989 Aulacolepis petelotii Hitchc., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24(7): 291. 1934 (= Agrostis abnormis Munro ex Hook. f, Fl. Brit. India 7(22): 268. 1897[1896]; nom. inval., as syn. Deyeuxia abnormis Munro ex Hook. f.) Agrostis petelotii (Hitchc.) Noltie, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 386–387. 1999 Calamagrostis petelotii (Hitchc.) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 11. 1999 Deyeuxia petelotii (Hitchc.) S.M. Phillips & W.L. Chen, Novon 13(3): 319. 2003 Aniselytron petelotii (Hitchc.) Soják, Cas. Nar. Muz. Praze, Rada Prir. 148(3–4): 202. 1980 Neoaulacolepis petelotii (Hitchc.) Rauschert, Taxon 31(3): 561. 1982 Deyeuxia abnormis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 268. 1896. Syntypes: Sikkim Himalaya: Lachong Valley, alt. 9000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. 5000–5500 ft.; Griffith s.n. Agrostis continentalis Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7(5): 1297, pl. 40, f. 2. 1936 Anisachne gracilis Keng, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 48(4): 117–118, f. 2. 1958 132 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Deyeuxia borii Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 208. 1985 (“1983”), nom. superfl. & illeg. Distribution. Meghalaya, Nagaland [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Nagaland fide Naithani (1990). See Paszko and Ma (2011) for discussion of Deyeuxia abnormis and its synonyms. 365. Calamagrostis emodensis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-AugustsUniv. 80. 1868 Type. India: Garhwal, alt. 9000–15400 ft., Sikkim, 6000–9000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 366. Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 34. 1788 Arundo epigejos L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae collibus aridis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 97.11 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in MilneRedhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 102. 1970. Calamagrostis macrolepis Litv., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 2: 125. 1921. Type: Turkestania, Dominium Buchara, Schugnan District, Anderob Province; S. Korschinsky s.n. Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth ssp. macrolepis (Litv.) Tzvelev Calamagrostis gigantea Roshev., Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 294. 1932, nom. illeg. hom., non Nutt., 1835. Type: Province Semiretschensk, distr. Lepsinsk in parties ad ripam lacus Alakul prope vicum Ksyl- agatch; July 10, 1928; N. Pavlov 671, based on Calamagrostis epigeios var. gigantea Roshev. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China]. Remarks. Records for Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal fide Naithani (1990). 367. Calamagrostis gamblei Paszko, Polish Bot. J. 57: 327, 2012 Type. Uttarakhand prov., [Dehradun distr.], Jaunsar, Mundali, 7000 ft; Oct 1894, J.S. Gamble 25249 (K; IT: CAL). Distribution. Uttarakhand. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. See discussion in Paszko (2012a). Checklist of the grasses of India 133 368. Calamagrostis garhwalensis C.E. Hubb. & Bor, Indian Forester 68(7): 355. 1942 Type. Himalaya, Kedarnath, alt. 10000–11000 ft.; October 19, 1938; C.E. Hubbard & Bor 8945? (DD). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Nepal fide Naithani (1990). 369. Calamagrostis holciformis Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 61. t. 340. 1851 Deyeuxia holciformis (Jaub. & Spach) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 398. 1960 Deyeuxia compacta Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 267. 1896. Type: Western Tibet; Jacquemont s.n. Nubra Valley, alt. 14000–16000 ft.; Thomson s.n. Kumaon, alt. 15000 ft.; R. Strachey& J.E. Winterbottom Deyeuxia no. 1 Calamagrostis compacta (Munro) Hack. ex Paulsen, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 167. 1903 Calamagrostis tianschanica Rupr., Sert. Tianschan. 34. 1869. Type: Not given. Type. “In humidis altissimis Emodi Thibetani legit Jacquemont August auni 1830.” (P). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 370. Calamagrostis kashmiriana (Bor) Govaerts, World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1): 10. 1999 Deyeuxia kashmiriana Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 558. 1955 Deyeuxia hackelii Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 497. 1954, nom. later hom., non (Lillo ex Stuck.) Parodi, 1953. Type: India: Kashmir, Astor Valley, above Doian, alt. 1050011600 ft.; August 14, 1892; J.F. Duthie 12454 (K). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Habit. Perennial. 371. Calamagrostis lahulensis G. Singh, Taxon 33(1): 94. 1984 Deyeuxia pulchella Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 268. 1896. Type: Himalaya: Kumaon and Garhwal, alt. 10000–15000 ft., Sikkim, alt. 14000– 16000 ft.; J.D. Hooker Deyeuxia no. 10 134 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Calamagrostis pulchella Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 78. 1868, nom. illeg., non Saut. ex Rchb., 1830 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 372. Calamagrostis nagarum (Bor) G. Singh, Taxon 33(1): 94. 1984 Deyeuxia nagarum Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n. s. 1(3): 69. 1938. Type: India: Assam, Naga Hills, Japvo, alt. 9500 ft.; N.L. Bor s.n. (K). Distribution. Assam, Nagaland. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record from Nagaland fide Naithani (1990). 373. Calamagrostis nivicola (Hook. f.) Hand.-Mazz., Symbolae Sinicae 7(5): 1299. 1936 Deyeuxia nivicola Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 267. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Momay, 15000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson Deyeuxia no. 4 Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 374. Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Haller f.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 106. 1802 var. pseudophragmites Arundo pseudophragmites Haller f., Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1, 2: 11. 1797. Type: “ubi vicina Saxifragae mutatae habitabat.” Arundo littorea Schrad., Fl. Germ. (Schrader) 1: 212. t. 4. f. 2. 1806 (as “litorea”). Type: [Austria]: In arenosis litoralis austriaci litoribus. Wulfen s.n. [Austria]:et similibus locis in insulis Danubialibus; Flugge s.n. Calamagrostis littorea (Schrad.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 15: 157. 1812 Calamagrostis laxa Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 25. t. 43. 1809. Type: “In arenosis, praecipue ad Danubii, aliorumque fluviorum ripas.” Calamagrostis nepalensis Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 193. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 288 Checklist of the grasses of India 135 Calamagrostis onoei Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 598. 1879. Syntypes: Japan: in provincial Senano; Dr. Rein s.n. Sine loci indicatione e botanico japonensi Ono primum habuit; Dr. Savatier s.n. Calamagrostis lanceolata sensu Aitch., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 107. 1880, non Roth, 1788 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 375. Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Hall.f.) Koeler ssp. tartarica (Hook. f.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 2: 42. 1965 Calamagrostis littorea (Schrad.) P. Beauv. var. tartarica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 261. 1896. Type: Western Tibet; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Hall.f.) Koeler var. tartarica (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 396. 1960 Calamagrostis hedinii Pilg., S. Tibet, Bot. 6(3): 93. 1922 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Russia]. Habit. Perennial. 376. Calamagrostis scabrescens Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-AugustsUniv. 79. 1868 var. scabrescens Deyeuxia scabrescens (Griseb.) Munro ex Duthie in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 623. 1882 Calamagrostis filiformis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 79. 1868. Type: India: “’H. or Sikkim 11–12000’, H.[Hooker]: D[eyeuxia] nr. 3” Deyeuxia filiformis (Griseb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 268. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Lachen Valley, alt. 10000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Calamagrostis scabrescens Griseb. var. humilis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. GeorgAugusts-Univ. 79. 1868. Type: India: Sikkim, Lachen Valley, alt. 10000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson Deyeuxia no. 2 Deyeuxia scabrescens (Griseb.) Munro ex Duthie var. humilis (Griseb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 268. 1896 Deyeuxia scabrescens (Griseb.) Munro ex C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 89, t. 39. 1889, non (Griseb.) Munro ex Duthie, 1882, isonym Type. India: Sikkim, Lachen Valley, 10000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Manipur, Nagaland, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. 136 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Habit. Perennial. 377. Calamagrostis scabrescens Griseb. var. elatior Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 79. 1868 Deyeuxia elatior (Griseb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 266. 1896 Type. India: Khasia Hills, alt. 5000–5500 ft.; J.D. Hooker Deyuxia no. 9. Distribution. Meghalaya. Habit. Perennial. 378. Calamagrostis simlensis (Bor) G. Singh, Taxon 33(1): 94. 1984 Deyeuxia simlensis Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n. s. 3: 149. 1941. Type: India: Simla; D.M. Strong s.n. (DD). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Himachal Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 379. Calamagrostis stoliczkae Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 262. 1896 Type. Western Tibet: Zanskar, on the Pensi-la, alt. 12000–15000 ft.; Stoliczka s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China] Habit. Perennial. 380. Calamagrostis tibetica (Bor) Tzvelev, Rast. Tsentral. Azii 4: 86. 1968 Deyeuxia tibetica Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 66. 1949. Type: India: Sikkim, Chakalunga, alt. 16000 ft.; June 1. 1915; Rohmoo Lepcha s.n. (K). Distribution. Sikkim [China]. Habit. Perennial. Castellia Tineo, Pl. Rar. Sicil. 2: 17. 1846 Type. Castellia tuberculata Tineo. Checklist of the grasses of India 137 381. Castellia tuberculosa (Moris) Bor, Indian Forester 74(3): 90. 1948 Catapodium tuberculosum Moris, Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 481. 1841. Type: “Appartiene questa specie alla Sardegna occidentale, e vi fiorisce in April e in Maggio.” Italy: South Sardinia; Moris s.n. Desmazeria tuberculosa (Moris) Batt. & Trab., Fl. Alger (Battandier & Trabut) 100. 1884 Festuca tuberculosa (Moris) Coss. & Durieu., Expl. Sci. Algerie 2: 189, t. 14. 1856 Micropyrum tuberculosum (Moris) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74(4): 567. 1949 Castellia tuberculata Tineo, Pl. Rar. Sicil. 2: 18. 1846. Type: “In arenosis vulcanicis. Linosa.” Festuca tuberculata (Tineo) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 128. 1881, isonym, non (Moris) Coss. & Durieu., 1856 Distribution. India [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Localities within India not recorded. Catabrosa P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 97. 1812 Lectotype. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv. (Aira aquatica L.) LT. designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 245. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 47. 1920. 382. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 97, 149. t. 19. f. 8. 1812 var. aquatica Aira aquatica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 64. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae pascuis aquosis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 85.6 (LINN). LT designated by Sherif & Siddiqi in El-Gadi (ed.), Fl. Libya 145: 84. 1988. Colpodium aquaticum (L.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1(4): 395. 1830 Glyceria aquatica (L.) J. Presl. & C. Presl., Fl. Čech. 25. 1819 Poa airoides Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 194. 1802, nom. superfl & illeg. for Aira aquatica L. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 138 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 383. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) P. Beauv. var. angusta Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 311. 1896 Type. Western Tibet, Lanak Pass, alt. 15000–16000 ft.; Thomson s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 384. Catabrosa sikkimensis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 311. 1896 Type. India: alpine Sikkim, alt. 17000 ft.; Gammie s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim. Habit. Presumed perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Dickoré (1995) treats this as a synonym of C. aquatica. Catabrosella (Tzvelev) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 50: 1320 (in obs.). 1965 Colpodium subg. Catabrosella Tzvelev, Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 1964: 12, 1964. Type. Catabrosella humilis (M. Bieb.) Tzvelev (Aira humilis M. Bieb.). 385. Catabrosella himalaica (Hook. f.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 32. 1966 Phippsia himalaica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 240. 1896. Type: Alpine Western Himalaya: Kumaon, Barji-Khang Pass, alt. 14500 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. Garhwal, Duder Glacier, alt. 13000–14000 ft.; Duthie s.n. Catabrosa himalaica (Hook. f.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 311. 1896 Colpodium himalaicum (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 529. 1960 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Colpodium trollii Pilg. was placed in Catabrosella himalaica by Alexeev (1988) with some doubt. However, the species was described as 3(4)-flowered, and as no lemma vestiture was mentioned, presumably the type (if it is extant) has glabrous lemmas, so it probably is not C. himalaica. This also casts doubt on the synonymy of Catabrosa trollii (Pilg.) R.R. Stewart. Neither name is included here. Checklist of the grasses of India 139 Catapodium Link, Hortus Berol. 1: 44 (“Catopodium”), 380. 1827 Type. Catapodium loliaceum (Huds.) Link (Poa loliacea Huds.). 386. Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubbard in Dony, Fl. Bedfordshire 437. 1953 Poa rigida L., Cent. Pl. I 5. 1755. Type: “Habitat in Gallia, Anglia.” Lectotype: “Gramen panicula multiplici” in Bauhin, Prodr. Theatri Bot. 6. 6. 1620. LT designated by Stace in Cafferty et al. (ed.) Taxon 49: 256. 2000. Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin & Stace in Tutin et al., Fl. Eur. 5: 158. 1980. Festuca rigida (L.) Kunth Révis. Gramin. 2: 392. 1831, non Roth, 1797 Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb., Sp. Fl. Rumel 2: 431. 1845 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Possibly naturalized; native to Europe. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). Cyathopus Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 24: sub t. 2395. 1895 Type. Cyathopus sikkimensis Stapf. 387. Cyathopus sikkimensis Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 24: t. 2395. 1895 Type. India: North Sikkim, Lachoong Valley in woods, alt. 11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China]. Habit. Perennial. Cynosurus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72. 1753 Lectotype. Cynosurus cristatus L. (Designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 251. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 67. 1920). 388. Cynosurus cristatus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Europa pratis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 91.1 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 41. 1993 Distribution. Meghalaya [China]. Habit. Perennial. 140 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 389. Cynosurus echinatus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72. 1753 Phalona echinata (L.) Dumort., Observ. Gramin. Belg. 114. 1824 (“1823”) Type. “Habitat in Europa australiori.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 913.62– 79 (L). LT designated by Veldkamp in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 249. 2000. Distribution. India [also in Africa, Europe, North America, South America]. Possibly naturalized. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Specific states in India not recorded. Dactylis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 71. 1753 Lectotype. Dactylis glomerata L. (“glomeratus”). (Designated by Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed 2. 1: 251. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 67. 1920). 390. Dactylis glomerata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 71. 1753 (as “glomeratus”) Bromus glomeratus (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 1: 76. 1771 Festuca glomerata (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 252. 1785 Trachypoa vulgaris Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 4: 359. 1901, nom. superfl. & illeg. Type. “Habitat in Europae cultis ruderatis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 90.3 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 43. 1970. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Deschampsia P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 91. 1812 Lectotype. Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. (“caespitosa”) (Aira cespitosa L.). LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2., 1: 215. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 116. 1920. Checklist of the grasses of India 141 391. Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 149, 160. 1812 (as “caespitosa”) Aira cespitosa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 64–65. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae partis cultis & fertilibus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 85.8 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 92. 1970. Agrostis cespitosa (L.) Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 25. 1796 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 392. Deschampsia koelerioides Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 299. 1868 Type. “Eine ausgezeichnete neue Art, die in ihrer Tracht an eine Koeleria oder eine Hierochloe erinnert. Am Kok-djar im Thian-Shan bei 8000 Fuss Hohe vom H. v. Semenow auf Alpenwiesen gesammelt.” “cis- et Transsiliensibus”; 1857; P.P. SemenovTjan-Schansky 1197 (LE). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Festuca L., Sp. Pl. 1: 73. 1753 Lectotype. Festuca ovina L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2., 1: 269. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 28. 1920. 393. Festuca alaica Drobow, Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 16: 134, t. 17/5. 1916 Type. Turkestan: Fergana Prov., Skobelev District; Margelan s.n. “In pratis alpinis ad fl. Dugova, circa pag. Jordan, alt. 14000 ft. (Drobov 303).” Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 394. Festuca alatavica (St.-Yves) Roshev., Fl. URSS. 2: 528. 1934 Festuca rubra L. ssp. alatavica St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 393. 1928. Type: Turkestan: Chaine de l’Alatau, Kokoirak, aux sources du Kabir; Brotherus no. 784 (B). Kokbulak, aux sources du Naryn; Brotherus s.n. (B). 142 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Festuca altaica auct. non Trin., 1829: Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 395. Festuca altaica Trin., Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour]. 1: 109. 1829 Type. USSR: Siberia “In summa alpe ad fontem fl. Acjulac rarissima”; Bunge s.n. Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. States within India not recorded. 396. Festuca asthenica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 354. 1896 Type. India: Kashmir, alt. 7000–9000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n., Duthie s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 397. Festuca bromoides L., Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753 Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 124. 1821 Type. “Habitat in Anglia, Gallia.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen No. 912.356–219 (L). LT designated by Stace & Jarvis in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 91: 436. 1985. Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 398. Festuca coelestis (St.-Yves) Krecz. & Bobrov, Fl. URSS 2: 514. t. 50. f. 12. 1934 Festuca ovina L. ssp. coelestis St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 376. 1928. Type: Thian-schan Mount celestes, vallee de Djoukoutchiak, alt. 6300–7200 ft.; Brocherel 392 (Herb. Deless.) and many syntypes. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 143 399. Festuca cumminsii Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 349. 1896 Syntypes. India: Sikkim, alt. 11000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Bhutan; Cummins s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim [Bhutan, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 400. Festuca danthonii Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 551. 1901 Festuca ciliata Danthoine ex Lam. & DC. , 1805, Flore Française. Troisième Édition 3: 55. 1805, non. Gouan, 1762. Type. France: près Montepellier, et dans les îles sablonneuses de la Durance Vulpia ciliata Dumort., Observ. Gramin. Belg. 100. 1824. Type: Yugoslavia: Dalmatiae arenosis, herbidis ad mare: copiosae in insula Vergada, Vaena. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 401. Festuca debilis (Stapf ) E.B. Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 109. 1978 Festuca kashmiriana Stapf var. debilis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896. Lectotype: India: Kashmir, Lidder Valley, above Kainmul, alt. 11000–12000 ft.; July 21, 1893; J.F. Duthie 13139 (K). LT designated by E.B. Alexeev in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 109. 1978. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 402. Festuca hartmannii (Markgr.-Dann.) E.B.Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 121. 1978 Festuca ovina L. var. hartmannii Markgr.-Dann., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 85(3): 376. 1966. Type: Karakorum Central: Baintha, alt. 12800 ft.; July, 1962; H. Hartmann s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 144 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 403. Festuca kashmiriana Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896 Festuca kashmiriana Stapf var. ligulata Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, alt. 11000–13000 ft.; Duthie s.n. Festuca rubra L. ssp. kashmiriana (Stapf ) St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 395. 1928 Type. Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 8000–14000 ft.; Royle s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 404. Festuca leptopogon Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 354. 1896 Festuca subulata Trin. var. leptopogon (Stapf ) St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 450–451. 1928 Type. India: Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 8000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Khasia Hills, alt. 5000–6000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson, C.B. Clarke s.n. Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 405. Festuca levingei Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 352. 1896 Type. India: Kashmir; Levinge 27394 (K). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 406. Festuca lucida Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 355. 1896 Type. India: NW Himalaya, Jaunsar, Karambar Peak, alt. 9000 ft.; May 1, 1894; J.F. Duthie 14481 (LE). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand. Habit. Perennial. 407. Festuca maritima L., Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753 Nardurus maritimus (L.) Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 4: 25. 1900 Vulpia unilateralis (L.) Stace, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 350. 1978 Checklist of the grasses of India 145 Agropyron unilaterale (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 102. 1812, alternative name to Brachypodium unilaterale Brachypodium unilaterale (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 155. 1812, alternative name to Agropyron unilaterale Nardurus unilateralis (L.) Boiss., Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 667. 1844 Triticum unilaterale L., Mant. Pl. 35. 1767. Type: “Habitat in maritimis Italiae, Galliae australis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 104.15 (LINN). LT designated by Stace & Jarvis in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 91: 442. 1985 Festuca tenuifolia Schrad., Fl. Germ. (Schrader) 1: 345. 1806, non Sibth, 1794. Type: “In iftriae herbidis.” Type. “Habitat in Hispania.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 104.17 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Proc. Linn. Soc. London 148: 110. 1936. Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [Asia: Saudi Arabia; Africa; Europe: Germany, Italy, Spain]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. States in India not recorded. 408. Festuca megalura Nutt., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 24. 1848; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia ser. 2, 1: 188. 1848 Vulpia megalura (Nutt.) Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 538. 1909 Vulpia myuros var. megalura (Nutt.) Auquier, Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 47(1–2): 123. 1977 Festuca commutata Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 304. 1854. Type: “Chili, Hrbr Bertero nr. 274 et 1002 ex parte, mixta cum praecedente.” Type. USA: California, Hab. Santa Barbara, Upper California; Wm. Gambel s.n. (PH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to western North and South America. Habit. Annual. 409. Festuca modesta Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 316. 1854 Schedonorus modestus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 316. 1854, nom. nud. pro. syn. Type. Nepal; Royle Herb. 161. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this taxon belongs to the broadleaved lineage of Festuca s.l., and possibly should be transferred to Lolium. 146 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 410. Festuca muralis Kunth, Syn. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 218. 1822 Vulpia muralis (Kunth) Nees, Linnaea 19: 694. 1847 Vulpia muralis (Kunth) Henrard, Blumea 2: 319. 1937 Type. “Crescit in muris, quibus horti circumsepti sunt, prope Conocoto Quitensium, alt. 1350 hex., Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.” Ecuador; F.W.H. Humboldt & A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.(P). Distribution. India, presumably naturalized; native to South America. Habit. Annual. Remarks. States in India not recorded. 411. Festuca myuros L., Sp. Pl. 1: 74. 1753 Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel., Fl. Bad. 1: 8. 1805 Zerna myuros Panz. ex Jacks., Index Kew. 2: 1249. 1895, pro syn. Avena muralis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 22. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. Type. “Habitat in Anglia, Italia.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen No. 912.356–218 (L). LT designated by Stace & Jarvis in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 91: 436. 1985. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 412. Festuca nandadevica Hajra, Indian J. Forest. 6(1): 79–80. f. 1. 1983 Type. India: Uttar Pradesh, Chamoli, Nandadevi National Park, Deodi-Ramani; P.K. Hajra 73285A (CAL). Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 413. Festuca nitidula Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 350. 1896 Syntypes. Western Tibet, Nubra, alt. 12000–14000 ft.; Thomson s.n. India: North of Kumaon, alt. 15000 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 147 414. Festuca octoflora Walter, Fl. Carol. 81. 1788 Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 538. 1909 Festuca tenella Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(1): 419. 1797. Type: “Habitat in America boreali.” Type. USA: South Carolina, Santee Valley; Walter s.n. (BM?). According to Hitchcock, this specimen is not at BM; see Lonard and Gould, Madroño 22: 221. 1974. Distribution. Uttar Pradesh. Naturalized. Native to North America. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 415. Festuca ovina L., Sp. Pl. 1: 73–74. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Alpibus Lapponicae, Helvetiae, Scotiae.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 92.1; Lapland Herb. No. 55 (LINN). LT designated by Kerguélen in Lejeunia, n.s. 75: 150. 1975. Distribution. Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 416. Festuca pamirica Tzvelev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 422. 1960 Festuca rubra L. ssp. schlagintweitii St.- Yves, Candollea 3: 389. 1928, p.p. Type. Tadzhikistania, Pamir Boreali-occidentalis, in parties lapidosis in fontibus fluminis tachta-Korum prope trajectum Tachtakorum, alt. 13000 ft.; July 30, 1958; N. Tzvelev. 1008 (LE). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 417. Festuca parvigluma Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 305. 1854 Type. “Ex Hrbo. Mus. Lugd. Batav. Japonia.” Distribution. Sikkim [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Sikkim and Nepal fide Naithani (1990). 148 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 418. Festuca polycolea Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 349. 1896 var. polycolea Festuca ovina L. ssp. polycolea (Stapf ) St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 373. 1928 Syntypes. Nepal; Wallich s.n. India: Sikkim, alt. 12000–16000 ft.; J.D. Hooker &c. Distribution. Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 419. Festuca polycolea Stapf var. brevia Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 350. 1896 Type. India: Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 11000–13000 ft. Distribution. Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. 420. Festuca rubra L., Sp. Pl. 1: 74. 1753 var. rubra Type. “Habitat in Europae sterilibus siccis.” Lectotype: Linnaeus s.n. (GB). LT designated by Jarvis et al. in Watsonia 16: 302. pl. 2B. 1987. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Perennial. 421. Festuca rubra L. ssp. arctica (Hack.) Govor., Fl. Ural. 127. 1937 Festuca rubra f. arctica Hack., Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 138. 1882. Type not cited. Festuca richardsonii Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 250, t. 230. 1840. Type: Arctic Sea-coast. Dr. Richardson s.n., s.d. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 422. Festuca rubra L. ssp. clarkei (Stapf ) St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 398. 1928 Festuca rubra L. var. clarkei Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 353. 1896. Syntypes: India: Kangara & Dalhousie, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Khasia Hills, alt. 4000–6000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 149 Festuca rubra L. var. stapfiana St.-Yves, Candollea 3: 398. 1928 Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya [Bhutan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Meghalaya fide Naithani (1990). 423. Festuca rubra L. var. villosa Mert. & W.D.J. Koch, Deutschl. Fl. (Roehling), ed. 3. 1: 654. 1823 Type. [Europe], Not Spenner, 1825. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh. Also in Europe. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 424. Festuca sanjappae Chandra Sek. & S.K. Srivast., J. Jap. Bot. 80(2): 72–75. f. 1. 2005 Type. India: Himachal Pradesh, Pin Valley National Park, Chhohem, 12800–13100 ft.; K. Chandra Sekar 103271 (CAL). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. 425. Festuca simlensis (Stapf ) E.B. Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 110. 1978 Festuca kashmiriana Stapf var. simlensis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896. Lectotype: India: Simla, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. (K). LT designated by E.B. Alexeev in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 110. 1978. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 426. Festuca stapfii E.B. Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 115 1978 Festuca undata Stapf var. aristata Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 351. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, alt. 11,000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. 150 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 427. Festuca tibetica (Stapf ) E.B. Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 118. 1978 Festuca valesiaca Schlecht. ex Gaudin var. tibetica Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 349. 1896. Lectotype: Tibet Orientalis, region alpine, alt. 14000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. (K). LT designated by E.B. Alexeev in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 83(4): 118. 1978 Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 428. Festuca undata Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 350. 1896 Syntypes. India: Sikkim, alt. 12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n., Herb. Ind. Or.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson Bromus no. 16. Distribution. Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 429. Festuca valesiaca Schlecht. ex Gaudin, Agrost. Helv. 1: 242. 1811 var. valesiaca Festuca ovina L. var. valesiaca (Schlecht. ex Gaudin) W.D.J. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 812. 1837, isonym, non Festuca ovina L. var. valesiaca (Schleich. ex Gaudin) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 267. 1833. Type. “Habitat in locis arenosis Valesiae. Circa Branson copiose Perennis.” Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Perennial. 430. Festuca wallichiana E.B. Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 83(4): 120. 1978 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 151 Helictochloa Romero Zarco, Candollea 66(1): 96. 2011 Type. Helictochloa bromoides (Gouan) Romero Zarco (Avena bromoides Gouan). 431. Helictochloa pratensis (L.) Romero Zarco, Candollea 66(1): 103. 2011 Avena pratensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 80. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae pascuis siccis apricis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 44.5 (S). LT designated by Röser in Taxon 44: 397. 1995. Avena alpina Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 335. 1811, non Honck., 1782? Type: “Discovered in 1807, on rocks upon the summits of the highest Mountains of Clova, Angusshire.” Heuffelia pratensis (L.) Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 762. 1866 Helictotrichon pratense (L.) Pilg., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 6. 1938 Distribution. Uttarakhand [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Dr. Romero Zarco (pers. comm.) speculates that this species could have been introduced into India as a pasture grass. Holcus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1047. 1753, nom. cons. Type. Holcus lanatus L. (typ. cons.). 432. Holcus lanatus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1048. 1753 Avena lanata (L.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 303. 1802 Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash ex Hitchc. in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 126. 1912 Ginannia lanata (L.) F.T. Hubb., Rhodora 18: 234. 1916, nom. superfl. & illeg. for H. lanatus L. Ginannia pubescens Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 4: 321. 1901, nom. superfl. & illeg. for H. lanatus L. Aira holcus-lanatus Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 87. 1787, nom. superfl. & illeg. for H. lanatus L. Avena pallida Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. for H. lanatus L. Type. “Habitat in Europae pascuis arenosis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1212.10 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 54. 1993. 152 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Sikkim, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Perennial. 433. Holcus mollis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1305. 1759 Aira mollis (L.) Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips. 51. 1771 Avena mollis (L.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 300. 1802 Avena sylvatica Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24. 1796, nom. superfl. & illegit. Ginannia mollis (L.) Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 4: 322. 1901 Notholcus mollis (L.) Hitchc., Amer. J. Bot. 2(6): 304. 1915 Type. “Habitat [in Europa: in Hallandia. [sic] Osbeck.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1485. 1763.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1212.9 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 251. 2000. Distribution. Meghalaya [also in Europe, North America]. Naturalized. Native to Europe. Habit. Perennial. Hyalopoa (Tzvelev) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 50(9): 1320. 1965 Colpodium subg. Hyalopoa Tzvelev, Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 1964: 6. 1964. Type. H. pontica (Balansa) Tzvelev (Catabrosa pontica Balansa). 434. Hyalopoa nutans (Stapf ) E.B. Alexeev ex Cope, Fl. Pakistan 143: 423. 1982 Catabrosa nutans Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 312. 1896. Type: Alpine Himalaya: from Kashmir to Garhwal, alt. 10000–14000 ft.; Jacquemont s.n. Colpodium nutans (Stapf ) Bor, Fl. Iranica 70: 54. 1970 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Koeleria Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805 Lectotype. Aira cristata L. Designated by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 107. 1920. Notes. The generic limits of Koeleria, Trisetum and related genera have been the subject of much recent taxonomic work. See comments under Trisetum. Checklist of the grasses of India 153 435. Koeleria argentea Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 77. 1868 var. argentea Koeleria litvinowii ssp. argentea (Griseb.) S.M. Phillips & Z.L. Wu, Fl. China 22: 331 2006 Type. India: “T. Nubra, Ladak pr. Leh, Nari Khorsum.” Distribution. Himachal Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. 436. Koeleria argentea Griseb. var. nepalensis Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 14(Heft. 65): 115. t. 7. f. 6. 1907 Type. “Herb. Schlaginweit from India and High Asia 1. Gen, Nro. Of Catal 4118 K. nepalensis Griseb. (Teste Grisebach) (1856).” Distribution. Himachal Pradesh [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 437. Koeleria hookeri Barberá, Quintanar, Soreng, & P.M. Peterson, Phytoneuron 2019–46: 4. 2019. Name changed to avoid confusion with Koeleria clarkeana Domin. Avena clarkei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 278. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, at Laka and Badrawur, alt. 10000–11000 ft. Chamba, Dalhousie, alt. 8700 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Trisetum clarkei (Hook. f.) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 431. 1945 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 438. Koeleria litvinowii Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 14(65): 116. 1907 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China]. Habit. Perennial. 154 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 439. Koeleria micans (Hook. f.) Barberá, Quintanar, Soreng, & P.M. Peterson, Phytoneuron 2019–46: 5. 2019 Avena micans Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 279. 1896. Type: Western Himalaya: Garhwal, banks of the Ganges, alt. 8000–10000 ft.; Duthie s.n. Trisetum micans (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 448. 1960. Type: Teri Garhwal, alt. 8600- 9600 ft.; J.F. Duthie 46 Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand. Habit. Perennial. 440. Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 84, 166, 175. 1812 Poa pyramidata Lam., Tabl. Encycl 1: 183. 1791 Koeleria cristata Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805, nom. illeg. superfl.; [Persoon included Lamarck’s older name as a variety (K. cristata var. pyramidata (Lam.) Pers.) within his new Koeleria cristata Pers. (non. L.; often erroneously cited as K. cristata (L.) Pers.)] Aira cristata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 63. 1753, p.p. Type: “Habitat in Angliae, Galliae, Helvetiae siccioribus.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 913.62–99 (L). LT designated by Humphries in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 244. 2000. Epitype: France. Jura, Bas-Bugey, Montagny de Ste Claire sur Brioguier, 400–500 m; 3 Jun 1929; Briquet 6737 (BM). Epitype designated by Humphries, C.J. in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 244. 2000. Airochloa cristata (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 127. 1827 Dactylis cristata (L.) M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 67. 1808 Festuca cristata (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 93. 1787, non L. (1753) Poa nitida Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 182. 1791. Type: France: “Ex Galliae siccis & montosis Leer S.T. 5. f. 6.” Aira gracilis Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 144. 1820 Airochloa gracilis Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 276. 1833 Koeleria gracilis Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805, nom. superfl. & illeg. Koeleria cristata Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805, nom. superfl. & illeg. Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 345. 1824 Aira macrantha Ledeb., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 5: 515–516. 1812. Type: “Hab. in jugo montium jablonnoi-Chrebet.” Koeleria cristata auct. non (L.) Pers., 1805: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 308. 1896 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 155 Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that according to the Linnaean typification website, the current name for Aira cristata L. is Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 2: 345. 1824. Koeleria cristata might not be made on the basis of Aira cristata. Koeleria cristata is treated as a synonym of Koeleria macrantha in the Flora of Pakistan, and according to Quintanar Koeleria macrantha is a taxonomic synonym of K. pyramidata. There is no morphological discontinuity among these taxa. Thus, our distribution information and synonymy reflect the merging of these taxa, with the understanding that (as above), Koeleria cristata might not really belong here. See also comments in IPNI (2020). 441. Koeleria spicata (L.) Barberá & al. subsp. virescens (Regel) Barberá, A. Quintanar, Soreng & P.M. Peterson, Phytoneuron 2019–46: 9. 2019 Avena flavescens L. var. virescens Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 299. 1868 Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. ssp. virescens (Regel) Tzvelev, Novosti Sistematiki Vysshchikh Rastenii 7: 65. 1971. 1970 Aira spicata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 64. 1753 [applies to ssp. spicatum] Type: “Habitat in Lapponiae alpibus.” Lectotype = “Gramen Avenaceum paniculatum Alp. humile, locustis in spicam collectis varicoloribus aristatis” in Scheuchzer, Agrostographia Helv. Prodr., 24, t. 6, 1708. LT designated by Louis-Marie in Rhodora 30: 238. 1928. Avena virescens (Regel) Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 635. 1880 Avena flavescens L. var. virescens Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 299. 1868. Type: “Tschilik und Djenischke. Wasserscheide im Altau transiliensis, auf Alpenwiesen bei 8000 fuss Hohe (Semenow).” Trisetum pubiflorum Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 187. 1902. Type: India: Kashmir, Sangam Valley, in rupibus, circ. 13500 ft.; Duthie 13543 Trisetum subspicatum (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 88, 180. 1812, Basionym is nom. superfl. Trisetum virescens (Regel) B. Fedtsch., Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 14 (Suppl. 2): 64. 1915, non Nees ex Steud., 1854 Aira subspicata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 873. 1759, nom. superfl. & illeg. Avena airoides Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 298. 1802 non Avena spicata L., 1753 Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. ssp. himalaicum Hulten, Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 53: 213. 1959, nom. inval., type not indicated (many specimens cited, none indicated as type) Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. ssp. himalaicum Hulten ex Veldkamp, The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 36(1): 135. 1983. Holotype, as lectotype: Nepal: Chilime Kharka, 4570 m, July 1949, Polunin 1175 (S; IT: BM). Koeleria spicata subsp. himalaica (Hultén ex Veldkamp) Barberá, A. Quintanar, Soreng & P.M. Peterson, Phytoneuron 2019–46: 8. 2019 156 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Because Trisetum spicatum ssp. himalaicum, ssp. spicatum and ssp. virescens may be lumped together in the literature, it is not clear if all subspecies are in India and, if so, what their ranges are. Lagurus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753 Type. Lagurus ovatus L. 442. Lagurus ovatus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Italia, Gallia, Sicilia, Lusitania.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 96.1 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1788. 1985. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). Lamarckia Moench, Methodus (Moench) 201. 1794 (“Lamarkia”), nom. et orth. cons. Type. Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench (Cynosurus aureus L.). 443. Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 201. 1794 Cynosurus aureus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 73. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 91.19 (LINN). LT designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 249. 2000. Achyrodes aureum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 758. 1891 Chrysurus aureus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 296. 1824 (“1825”), non (L.) Besser, 1810 c. f. Taxon 31(1): 70. 1982, Isonym Chrysurus cynosuroides Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 80. 1805, nom. superfl. & illeg. for C. aureus Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 157 Leucopoa Griseb. in Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 4(13): 383 1852 Type. Leucopoa sibirica Griseb. (Leucopoa albida (Turcz. ex Trin.) Krecz. & Bobrov). 444. Leucopoa albida (Turcz. ex Trin.) Krecz. & Bobrov, Fl. URSS 2: 495. 1934 Poa albida Turcz. ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 387. 1830, non Festuca albida Lowe, 1831. Lectotype: [Siberia]: Lk. Baikal, mineral springs Turkinskije; 1829; Turczaninow s.n. (LE). LT orig. label: “In arenosis ad Baicalem prope thermes Turkenses.” (vide TROPICOS) Leucopoa sibirica Griseb. in Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 4(13): 383. 1852, nom. superfl. for Poa albida Turcz. ex Trin. Festuca sibirica Hack. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 626. 1884, nom. nov. for Poa albida Turcz. ex Trin. Distribution. Reported from Jammu and Kashmir, but probably not in India [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. See comments under Leucopoa olgae. Habit. Perennial. 445. Leucopoa karatavica (Bunge) Krecz. & Bobrov, Fl. URSS 2: 496. t. 39. f. 2 (a–f ). 1934 Poa karatavica Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 7: 525. 1851. Type: “Hab. Auf den Alpen des Karatau 12 Septbr. 1841 (specima duo deflorata sine fructu)”; Alexandrio Lehmann s.n. Festuca karatavica (Bunge) B. Fedtsch., Rastitel’n. Turkestana 136. 1915 Xanthochloa karatavica (Bunge) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow and Leningrad) 91(2): 275. 2006. Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [also in Russia]. Habit. Not recorded. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 446. Leucopoa olgae (Regel) Krecz. & Bobrov, Flora URSS 2: 495. 1934 Molinia olgae Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7(2): 625. 1881. Type: “In Kokaniae montibus Alai”; O. Fedtschenko s.n. Festuca olgae (Regel) Krivot., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 56. 1960 158 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Although Leucopoa albida (Turcz. ex Trin.) Krecz. & Bobrov has been reported from India this is most likely an error, confusing L. albida with L. olgae. See Dickoré (1995). Lolium L., Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753 Lectotype. Lolium perenne L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 281. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 103. 1920. 447. Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh., Novon 3(3): 241. 1993 Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips. 57. 1771. Type: “In prato acclivi hinter dem Biniz, loco humido” Lectotype: Scheuzer, Agrostographia, t. 5. f. 18. 1719. LT designated by Reveal, Terrell, Wiersema & Scholz in Taxon 40: 136. 1991. Bromus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 2(1): 141. 1789 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh [native to Europe]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). It is unclear where this is naturalized there or not. 448. Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh., Novon 3(3): 241. 1993 Bromus giganteus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 77–78. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae sylvis siccis.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 913.62–78 (L). LT designated by Darbyshire in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000. Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 110. 1787 Zerna gigantea (L.) Panz. ex B.D. Jacks., Index Kew. 1(4): 1249. 1895 Trisetum flaccidum (Hack. ex Hook. f.) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 431. 1945 Avena flaccida Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 280. 1896. Type: India: Punjab, Black Mountains, alt. 8000–9000 ft.; J.F. Duthie 7609. Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Bor (1960, p. 448) notes that Trisetum flaccidum is a species of Festuca, possibly F. gigantea. This species is now Lolium giganteum. Checklist of the grasses of India 159 449. Lolium perenne L., Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753 Lolium brasilianum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 443. 1829. Type: Uruguay: Montevideo; Sellow s.n. (B). Type. “Habitat in Europa ad agrorum versuras solo fertili.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 99.1 (LINN). LT designated by Terrell in Taxon. Revis. Genus Lolium 7. 1968. Distribution. Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 450. Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 2(13): 66. 1854 Lolium rigidum Gaudin var. duthiei Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 364. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, Sirinagur, alt. 5000–6000 ft.; Duthie no. 10846 Type. Iran: “Hab. in uliginosis montis Elbrus prope Derbend; June 9, 1943; Kotschy 278.” (G). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). 451. Lolium remotum Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 382. 1789 var. remotum Type. Germany: Bavaria, “um Burghausen”, type not known according to Terrell (1968). Distribution. Northwest India [Afghanistan, China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. States in India not recorded. 452. Lolium remotum Schrank var. aristatum (Doell) Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 876. 1864 Lolium linicolum A. Braun var. aristatum Doell, Fl. Baden [Doell] 1: 113. 1857. Type: Herbarium Doell Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). 160 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 453. Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Agrost. Helv. 1: 334–335. 1811 Lolium loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Hand.-Mazz., Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 28(1–2): 32. 1914 Rottboellia loliacea Bory & Chaub., Exp. Sci. Moree Bot. 3: 46. t. 3. f. 2. 1832 Type. “Augustae Praetoriae ad vias apricas anno 1809 inveni.” Gaudin s.n. (LAU). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 454. Lolium temulentum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753 var. temulentum Type. “Habitat in Europae agris inter Hordeum, Linum.” Lectotype: Herb. Burser I: 113 (UPS). LT designated by Loos & Jarvis in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 108: 408. 1992. Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 455. Lolium temulentum L. var. arvense (With.) Lilj., Utkast Sv. Fl., ed. 3 80. 1816 Lolium arvense With., Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3. 2: 168. 1796. Type: United Kingdom and cited many syntypes. Distribution. Assam, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [also in Europe]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Himachal Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Milium L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753 Lectotype. Milium effusum L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 173. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 156. 1920. 456. Milium effusum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753 Melica effusa (L.) Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 20. 1796 Miliarium effusum (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 204. 1794 Paspalum effusum (L.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 301. 1825 Checklist of the grasses of India 161 Type. “Habitat in Europae nemoribus umbrosis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 83.3 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 66. 1993. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Paracolpodium (Tzvelev) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 50: 1320. 1965 Colpodium subg. Paracolpodium Tzvelev, Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 1964: 9. 1964. Type. Paracolpodium altaicum (Trin.) Tzvelev (Colpodium altaicum Trin.). 457. Paracolpodium altaicum (Trin.) Tzvelev ssp. leucolepis (Nevski) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 33. 1966 Colpodium leucolepis Nevski, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir. Otd. Biol. 43: 224. 1934. Type: Tajikistan: Pamir, Fontes fl. Aksu (Murgab), in declivitate NW faucium Beik, in herbosis; July 18, 1901; Th. Alexeenko 2120 (LE). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [also in Tajikistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). 458. Paracolpodium wallichii (Hook. f. ex Stapf ) E.B. Alexeev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 94. 1981 Colpodium wallichii (Hook. f. ex Stapf ) Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 270. 1953 Catabrosa wallichii Hook. f. ex Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 312. 1896. Syntypes: Nepal; 1821; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8907. India: Sikkim, Kankola Pass, alt. 14000–15000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Parapholis C.E. Hubb., Blumea Suppl. 3: 14. 1946 Lectotype. Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E. Hubb. (Aegilops incurva L.) Probably designated by A. Chase, Misc. Publ. U.S.D.A. 200: 997. 1950. 162 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 459. Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E. Hubb., Blumea, Suppl. 3: 14. 1946 Aegilops incurva L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1051. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Oriente. Tournefort.” Neotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1218.11 (LINN). LT designated by Cuccuini in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 242. 2000. Lepturus incurvus (L.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 123. t. 8. 1820 (as “incurvatus”) Pholiurus incurvus (L.) Hitch., Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 106. 1920 (as “incurvatus”) Distribution. Northwest India [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. States in India not recorded. Phalaris L., Sp. Pl. 54. 1753 Lectotype. Phalaris canariensis L. LT designated by Hitchcock, Amer. J. Bot. 5: 252. 1918. 460. Phalaris aquatica L., Cent. Pl. I. 4. 1755 Phalaris tuberosa L., Mant. Pl. Altera 557. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Europae australi.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 78.3 (LINN). LT designated by Anderson in Iowa State J. Sci. 36: 43. 1961. Type. “Habitat in Aegypto & ad Tyberia.” Lectotype: Hasselquist, Herb. Linn. No. 78.4 (LINN). LT designated by Anderson in Iowa State J. Sci. 36: 43. 1961. Distribution. Tamil Nadu [China]. Habit. Perennial. 461. Phalaris arundinacea L., Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753 Digraphis arundinacea (L.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 127. 1820 Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert, Feddes Repert. 79: 409. 1969 Typhoides arundinacea (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 202. 1794 Arundo colorata Aiton, Hortus. Kew. (W. Aiton) 1: 116. 1789. Type: Britain Calamagrostis variegata With., Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3. 2: 124. 1796 Arundo riparia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. Type. “Habitat in Europae subhumidis adripas lacuum.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 78.7 (LINN). LT designated by Anderson in Iowa State J. Sci. 36: 37. 1961. Distribution. Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan]. Checklist of the grasses of India 163 Habit. Perennial. 462. Phalaris canariensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753 Phalaris avicularis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 17. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. Type. “Habitat in Europa australi, Canariis.” Proposed Conserved Type: Herb. Clifford: 23, Phalaris 1 (BM-000557659). Type designated by Baldini & Jarvis in Taxon 40: 482. 1991. Distribution. India [China, Pakistan]. Naturalized, native to Mediterranean region. Habit. Annual. Remarks. States in India not recorded. 463. Phalaris minor Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 8. 1783 var. minor Lectotype. LINN 89/31.1962. LT designated by R.M. Baldini in Webbia 47(1): 22. 1993. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 464. Phalaris minor Retz. var. nepalensis (Trin.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 616. 1960 Phalaris nepalensis Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1(7): t. 80. 1827. Type: “Figura as specimen nepalense.” Lectotype: Trinius, Sp. Gram. Icon. t. 80. 1827. LT designated by Baldini in Webbia 49(2): 279. 1995. Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 465. Phalaris paradoxa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1665. 1763 Type. “Habitat in Oriente. P. Forskåhl.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 78.6 (LINN). LT designated by Anderson in Iowa State J. Sci. 36: 22. 1961. Distribution. Northwest India [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. States in India not recorded. 164 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Phippsia (Trin.) R. Br., Chlor. Melvill. 27. 1823 Vilfa subg. Phippsia Trin. in K.P.J. Sprengel, Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 37. 1820 (as “Phipsia”) Type. Phippsia algida (Sol.) R. Br. (Agrostis algida Sol.). 466. Phippsia algida (Sol.) R. Br., Chlor. Melvill. 27. 1823 Agrostis algida Sol., Voy. North Pole 200. 1774. Type: Arctic: “voyage toward the North Pole.” [syntype (BM): Capt. Phipps, Spitsbergen] Distribution. Uttar Pradesh [also in Europe, North America]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng comments that it is doubtful that this species actually occurs in India. Phleum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753 Lectotype. Phleum pratense L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 190. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 140. 1920. 467. Phleum alpinum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753 Phleum commutatum Gaudin, Alpina 3: 4. 1808. Type: “Auf den hoheren Alpen im Wallis… z.b. auf den Bernhard und auf den Alpen des Visperthals. Ludw. Thomas, Schleicher.” European Alps, alt. 6400–13000 ft. Type. “Habitat in Alpibus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 81.4 (LINN). LT designated by Bowden in Canad. J. Bot. 43: 286. 1965. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 468. Phleum himalaicum Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 293. 1921 Phleum arenarium L. var. thomsonii Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-AugustsUniv. 83. 1868. Type: Himalaya occidentalis, 6000–8000 ft.; Thomson s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 165 Phleum arenarium sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 237. 1896, non L., 1753 Syntypes. Afghanistan; Griffith s.n. Northwest Himalaya; Thomson s.n. Kashmir; Meebold s.n. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 469. Phleum paniculatum Huds., Fl. Angl. (Hudson) 23. 1762 Phleum asperum Jacq., Collectanea [Jacquin] 1: 110. 1786. Type: “Gramen hoc quibusdam in Europe provincis sponte obvium.” Type. “Habitat in partes infra King’s Waston prope Bristolium.” Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 470. Phleum pratense L. var. pratense, Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Europae versuris & pratis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 26 (LAPP). LT designated by Humphries in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 75. 1993. Distribution. Assam [China]. Habit. Perennial. 471. Phleum pratense L. var. nodosum (L.) Arcang., Compend. Fl. Ital. 757. 1882 Phleum nodosum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10:871. 1759. Distribution. Nagaland. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). It is unclear if this species is naturalized in India. Poa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753 Lectotype. Poa pratensis L. LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 252. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 41. 1920. 166 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 472. Poa aitchisonii Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 602. 1884 (as “aitchisoni”) Type. Afghanistan; Kurum Valley; Aitchinson 405, 497. Distribution. Northwest India [Afghanistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). 473. Poa alpina L., Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753 Type. “Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.2 (LINN). LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 254. 2000. Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). 474. Poa annua L., Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Europa ad vias.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.17, right specimen (LINN). LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 254. 2000. Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Native to Eurasia and weedy elsewhere around the world. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). 475. Poa arnoldii Melderis, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 1: 142. 1978. Poa albertii ssp. arnoldii (Melderis) Olonova & G.H. Zhu, Fl. China 22: 308. 2006. Poa mustangensis Rajbh., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 39(1–3): 61. 1988. Type: Nepal: Mustang Distr., 4900 m, in open place, 25 July 1983; Rajbhandari 8352 (TI, KATH) Type. Nepal: west, 5 mi NE of Saipal, scree, 5600 m, 25 Aug. 1954, J.E.M. Arnold 226 (BM). Distribution. Uttarakhand [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 167 Remarks. Specimen records for Uttarakhand listed by Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). Zhu et al. (2006) place this as a subspecies of P. albertii and also consider P. mustangensis as a synonym. 476. Poa asperifolia Bor, Kew Bull.1952: 130. 1952 Type. China: Tibet, Pembu La, 10–15 miles north from Lhasa; September, 1904; H.J. Walton s.n. (K). Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Sikkim fide Naithani (1990). 477. Poa attenuata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 527. 1835 Type. Russia: Siberia, Altai Mountain, “in montosis ad fontem fluvii”; July, 1833; D. Bunge s.n. (LE-TRIN-2584.01, Isotype). Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Olonova (pers. comm.) doubts that this species, at least in its strict sense, occurs in India. 478. Poa bactriana Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4: 93. 1923 Poa bactriana Roshev. ssp. glabriflora (Roshev. ex Ovcz.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 96. 1973 Poa bulbosa var. glabriflora Roshev. ex Ovcz., Fl. Turkmen. 1(2): 143. 1932 Lectotype: N. Desyatova [N. Dessinatoff 1398]; 25 Jun 1913; [Tadjikistan]: Iter ad distr. Margelan, Alai valley, Valley of Dara Rv., from Izmail burial ground to AranKungei winter quarters, soft hillocks (LE). ILT: LE. Lectotype. V. Lipsky; ; Turkmenistan: Gissar Range southern slope, Pyanjkhan, 7800 ft (LE; ILT: K-969/64, LE) LT cited by Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR 450 (1976). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng has investigated the lectotypification of P. bulbosa var. glabriflora. He notes that 168 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Tzvelev (Zlaki SSSR p 450, 1976), cited the Desyatova specimen as the holotype of P. glabriflora Roshev. ex Ovcz., and therefore he (Soreng) takes this to be the lectotype. Roshevits did not cite any material. OM: S. Nevski 464; 27 Jun 1931; [Uzbekistan] Turkomania orientalis: In regione subalpina montium Kuhitang supra pagum Chodsha-i-fil (K-67, K-68) K-67 was annotated as P. glabriflora by Roshevits in 1931, but this specimen keys to P. bactriana subsp. drobovi in Tzvelev (1976); fide RJS 2004. 479. Poa bucharica Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4: 94. 1923 ssp. bucharica Type. LT: V. Lipskii; 2 Aug 1896; Afghanistan: Bukhara, southern slope of Gissar range, upper reaches of Sio River, 10000 ft (LE; ILT: K). LT: cited by Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR p. 462 (1976). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). 480. Poa bucharica Roshev. ssp. karateginensis (Roshev. ex Ovcz.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 11: 28. 1974 Poa karateginensis Roshev. ex Ovcz., Izv. Tadzh. Bazy Akad. Nauk. SSSR 1(1): 12, 26. 1933. Type: Tajikistan: Buchara, Nusratabadskij Range, Karategin, Karashibet glacier, 3000 m, 3–15 Aug 1896, V. Lipski. HT: LE; IT: K, LE Poa suruana H. Hartmann, Candollea 39(6): 516–519. f. 1. 1984. Type: India: Karakorum, Skardu, Suru, Sanmodagsa (Gulmatungo) 12500 ft.; August 27; 1976; H. Hartmann 2873 (G). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China]. Habit. Perennial. 481. Poa bulbosa L. var. vivipara Koeler, Descr. Gram. 189. 1802 Poa bulbosa L. ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital. 785. 1882 Paneion bulbosum var. viviparum (Koeler) Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 222. 1915 Poa bulbosa L. forma vivipara (Koeler) Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 3: 86. 1855 Type. Prope Moguntiam [Mainz, Germany] in arenosis. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 169 Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that possibly all collections in India are more or less viviparous, and doubts that any representatives of P. bulbosa var. bulbosa occur there. Bor (1960, p. 556) also indicates “almost invariably found as var. vivipara”. 482. Poa burmanica Bor, Kew Bull. 3: 141. 1948. Type. Myanmar: Kachin State, Myitkyina Distr., Hpimaw Pass, 11,000 ft, 6 Aug. 1929, Sukoe 10074 (K). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Specimen records for India listed by Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). This species is also accepted by Zhu et al. (2006) in the Flora of China. 483. Poa calliopsis Litw. ex Ovcz., Izv. Tadzhik. Bazy Bot. 1: 11, 18. 1933 Lectotype. Th. Alexeenko 3023/1451; 26 July 1901; Tajikistan: Pamir in angustiis ad fauces Chargosch. N. versus in pratis, 4300–5500 m (LE) LT designated (as holotype) by Roshevits, Fl. SSSR 2: 755 (1934). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). 484. Poa compressa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Europae & Americae septentrionalis siccis. muris, tectis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.41 (LINN). LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 255. 2000. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). 485. Poa diaphora Trin., Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 69–70. 1836 Poa persica var. diaphora (Trin.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner 2: 437. 1900 Aira altaica Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 526. 1835 170 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Eremopoa altaica (Trin.) Roshev., Fl. URSS 2: 431. t. 32. f. 13. 1934 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 486. Poa diaphora Trin. var. songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Soreng, Cabi & L.J. Gillespie, PhytoKeys 111: 85. 2018. Glyceria songarica Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey., Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 1. 1841. Type: Kazakhstan: “ad fl. Karatai versus montes Karatau”; June 13, 1840; H. Schrenk s.n. (LE). Poa songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 611. 1884 (as “soongarica”) Eremopoa songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Roshev., Fl. URSS 2: 431. t. 32. f. 11. 1937 (as “soongorica”) Poa persica Trin. var. songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker) Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev. var. songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 532. 1960 Eremopoa altaica (Trin.) Roshev. var. songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey..) Tzvelev, Poaceae URSS 479. 1976 Eremopoa altaica subsp. songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Tzvelev, Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 51(8): 1104. 1966 Nephelochloa songarica (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 367. 1852 (as “soongorica”) Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng places P. songarica as a variety of P. diaphora. 487. Poa dzongicola Noltie, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57(2): 283, f. 1M-P. 2000 Poa yakiangensis L. Liou, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 405. 2002 Type. HT: I.W.J. Sinclair & D. G. Long 5396; 28 Sep 1984; Bhutan: Upper Mo Chu District, Lingshi Dzong, 27°55', 89°27', on wall of dzong, ca. 4100m (E). Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Checklist of the grasses of India 171 488. Poa eleanorae Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 142. 1948 Type. H.A. Cummins; “Laid in” 13 Jun 1894; India: Northeast Sikkim. K000789631. Distribution. Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960), and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). 489. Poa falconeri Hook. f. ex Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 342. 1896 Syntypes. Falconer; 10 Aug. 1870–1871; Garwahl, 12–13000 ft (K000789637; IST: K000789636) [Jumnotri to Kasauli, Uttar Pradesh to Himachal Pradesh]; Duthie 288; 16 Aug. 1983; India: Uttar Pradesh: Tihri-Garwhal, in Nila Valley 12–13,000 ft (K000789635). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 490. Poa gamblei Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 144. 1948 Type. India: Madras, Nilgiris Distr. Ootacamund, 7000 ft, Sep 1886, J.S. Gamble 18129 (K000789628). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960). 491. Poa gammieana Hook. f. ex Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 345. 1896 Type. India: Sikkim, Tankra Mountains, alt. 12000 ft.; August 5, 1892; G.A. Gammie 641 (HT: (K000789632). Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960), and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). 492. Poa garhwalensis D.C. Nautiyal & R.D. Gaur, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 96(2): 285. 1999. Type. Jammu-Kashmir: NW Himalaya, Leptal, 4000m, 4 Aug 1996; D.C. Nautiyal (GUH-13501A). 172 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand. Habit. Perennial. 493. Poa glauca Vahl, Fl. Dan. 6(17): 3, pl. 964. 1790. Poa araratica s. auct., non Trautv. Poa sterilis M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 62. 1808. Type: “Habitat in tauriae collibus apricis sterilibus [Crimea].” (LE). Type. “Legi tantummodo in paroecia Vang (Valders) ad pedes montium, in Finmarkia non frequens.” Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that the specialist in this group of Poa (sect. Stenopoa), M.V. Olonova, now considers P. araratica to be a taxonomic synonym of Poa glauca Vahl. but probably does not extend to India. The Cenral Asian plants may be better treated as Poa glauciculmis Ovcz. More research is needed. Certainly the taxonomy of this section is complex; see (Zhu et al. 2006). Poa glauca is circumboreal and also occurs in S America. Poa sterilis was accepted as a separate species by Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006), but now is considered a synonym of P. glauca s.l. or possibly P. nemoraliformis and almost certainly does not occur in India. 494. Poa harae Rajbh., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 39(1–3): 55. 1988 Type. Nepal: Sagarmantha Zone, Solukhumbu Distr., Denikharka (Dambuk) – Yurigolcha, 4600m, on grassy slope, 23 Aug 1985; Rajbhandari 61665 (TI, KATH). Distribution. Uttarakhand [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Not listed for China by Zhu et al. (2006). 495. Poa himalayana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 256. 1854 Poa stewartiana Bor, Kew Bull.1951: 185. 1951. Type: India: Jaunsar District, Mandali, 6400 ft.; May 5, 1897; J.F. Duthie 19777 (K). Type. Nepal, Lectotype: India: Uttar Pradesh, Mussooree, Shalma; Royle 163 on 187/163 (LIV-12514). LT designated by Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 57(2): 289. 2000. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan, Nepal, Tibet, China]. Checklist of the grasses of India 173 Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Poa himalayana sensu Bor is Poa rajbhandari; see Noltie (2000). Poa stewartiana Bor is Poa himalayana. 496. Poa hirtiglumis Hook. f. ex Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 343– 344. 1896 Type. India: Sikkim: Donkaih Pass, alt. 18000 ft.; September 9, 1849; Herb. Ind. Or. J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. (K). Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). 497. Poa hylobates Bor, Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 7: 132. 1965 Type. Nepal: near Tarakoti, Bheri River, 10500 ft, grassy clearings in mixed forest, 13 July 1952; Polunin, Sykes & Williams 2445 (K, BM). Distribution. Uttarakhand [China, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. This species is also reported for China by Zhu et al. (2006). 498. Poa infirma Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 158 (ed. qto.). 1816 Catabrosa thomsonii Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 311. 1896 (as “thomsoni”). Type: China: Xizang, Nubra Valley, alt. 10000–11000 ft.; T. Thomson s.n. Poa annua L. ssp. exilis Tomm. ex Freyn, Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 27: 469. 1878 (“1877”). Type: Langs der Kust von Fasana bis Medolino; auch auf S. Marina; 1872; Tommasini s.n. Poa exilis (Tomm. ex Freyn) Murb., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 389. 1900 Poa remotiflora (Hack.) Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 36(2): 22. 1900, non Rupr., 1845. Poa annua L. forma remotiflora Hack., Flore de l’Algérie 2: 206. 1895. (Fl. Algérie). Type: Algeria: Lieux humides et region Montagneuse, Rouiba, Teniet-el-Haad. Type. Colombia; August, 1801; Humboldt & Bonpland 134 (P). “Crescit in frigidis regni Novogranatensis, inter Fonibon, Suba et Santa Fe de Bogota, 1360 hexap.” Distribution. Bilaspur, Uttarakhand. [Introduced. Widespread in Europé and North America]. Habit. Annual. 174 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). 499. Poa kanaii Rajbh., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 39(1–3): 58. 1988 Type. Nepal: Mustang Distr., Thourungse, 4600 m, in open place, 25 Jul 1983; Rajbhandari 8356 (TI, KATH). Distribution. Uttarakhand [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Not listed for China by Zhu et al. (2006). 500. Poa khasiana Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 343. 1896 Lectotype. Designated by Bor, Bombay Natur. Hist. Soc. J. 50: 831 (1952), without indication of herb. As in the protolog, this was originally det as “P. himalayana Nees”. Stapf ’s figures pinned on illustrate the LT, K000789598. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. See also Nautiyal and Gaur (2017) for additional discussion of this species. 501. Poa koelzii Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 139–140. 1948 Poa albertii Regel ssp. kunlunensis (N.R. Cui) Olonova & G.H. Zhu, Flora of China 22: 308. 2006 Poa festucoides Lam. ssp. kunluensis N.R. Cui, Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica 7(2): 97, f. 8. 1987, nom. hom. illeg. Type. India: Kashmir, Tsakzhun Tso, Ladak, alt. 15000 ft.; July 20, 1931; Walter Koelz 2385 (holotype: K000789620). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. See discussion in Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). 502. Poa lahulensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 138. 1948 Poa albertii Regel ssp. lahulensis (Bor) Olonova & G.H. Zhu, Fl. China 22: 309. 2006 Type. Kashmir: Lingti, Lahul, alt. 12000 ft.; June 29, 1941; N.L. Bor 15024 (K). Checklist of the grasses of India 175 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India confirmed by M. Olonova. Specimens for Uttarakhand cited by Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). 503. Poa lhasaensis Bor, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 132. 1965 Poa jaunsarensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 143. 1948. Type: India: Kumaon, Kutti Yangti Valley, Byans, 12000–13000 ft.; July 30, 1886; J.F. Duthie 6224 (K000789644). Type. China: Xizang: Lhasa, 10000 ft,, Sep 1904 Collector and Number: Walton s.n. (K). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Uttar Pradesh and Nepal fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Poa jaunsarensis was accepted as Poa lhasaensis Bor by Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006), but this is considered tentative. 504. Poa litvinoviana Ovcz., Izv. Tadzhik. Bazy Bot. 1: 22. 1933 Poa glauca Vahl ssp. litwinowiana (Ovcz.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11: 32. 1974. Type: USSR, Tadzhikistan; Tajikistan: Pamiro-Alaj, Tian Shan, distr. Matscha, inter rupibus in montibus Zeravschanicis pr. glaciem zeravschanicum, 4500– 4700 m, 16 July 1927, Drobov 354 (LE). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 505. Poa mairei Hack., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(333–335): 387. 1913 Poa pseudo-pratensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 340. 1896, non Beyer, 1891 nec Scribn. & Rydb., 1896. Syntypes: Nepal; Wallich s.n. Sikkim and Western Bhutan, alt. 10000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Sine loc; Cummins s.n. Poa patens Keng ex Keng f., Acta Botanica Yunnanica 4(3): 276–277. 1982. Type: China: Yunnan:, Yulong Shan, eastern slopes of mount Dyinaloko, northern peak of Likang Snow Range, 1923, J.F. Rock 10427 (HT: US-1214301) Poa ludens R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 420. 1945, nom. nov. for Poa pseudo-pratensis Hook. f. 176 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Type. China; Yunnan, pr. Tong-Tchouan, 1910, R.P. Maire 6992, ser. B (HT: W). Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). 506. Poa nemoraliformis Roshev., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 11: 30. 1949. Syntypes. India, Himachal Pradesh, Bor. or Poa relaxa Ovcz., Izv. Tadzh. Bazy Akad. Nauk. SSSR 1(1): 20, f. 2. 1933. Type: Tajikistan: western Zeravshan range, near Marguzarsky Lake, stony screes along NW slope of Mun-Kua Mt., 2900 m, 20 Aug. 1932. P. Ovchinnikov & A. Slobodov 1257. Distribution. West Himalaya [China]. Habit. Perennial. 507. Poa nemoralis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753 Type. “Habitat in Europa ad radices montium umbrosas.” Lectotype = “Gramen paniculatum angusti-folium Alpin. Locustis rarioribus et angustioribus non aristatis” in Scheuchzer, Agrostographia Helv. Prodr., 18. t. 2. 1708. LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 255. 2000. Epitype: Sweden. Uppland: Danmark Parish, Linnés Hammarby; June 14, 1933; Hylander s.n. (BM). Epitype designated by Soreng, R. & Edmondson, J. in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 255. 2000. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 508. Poa nepalensis (Wall. ex Griseb.) Wall. ex Duthie, List Grasses N.W. India 40. 1883 var. nepalensis Poa annua L. var. nepalensis Wall. ex Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 75. 1868. Lectotype: Strachey & Winterbottom 13, India orientali: Kumaon, Binsar, 2300 m (K; ILT: BM) Poa nephelophila Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 140. 1948 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 177 Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that the lectotype of P. annua var. nepalensis was designated by Bor (1952) without indication of herbarium. The K specimen was cited as the holotype by Cope (1982) and by Rajbhandari (1991). Lectotype here designated (refined), K000789542 = p.p. “a”, by R.J. Soreng per annotation 2010 on specimen. (p.p. “b”, is Poa setulosa Bor.) The placement of P. nephelophila in synonymy here follows Bor (1960) and Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). 509. Poa nitide-spiculata Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 139. 1948 Type. India: Sikkim Himalaya, Valley running into Teesta from West, Tangu, alt. 13500–14000 ft.; July 13, 1903; F.E. Younghusband s.n. (K000789633). Distribution. Sikkim [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Sikkim and Nepal fide Naithani (1990). 510. Poa pagophila Bor, Fl. Iranica 70: 38. 1970 Poa pagophila Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 239. 1949, nom. inval., without Latin. Type: Sikkim: Yeumtang, 4600 m, 6 Sept. 1849, Hooker f. s.n. (HT: K000789639; IT: GOET-006888) Poa flexuosa sensu Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 342. 1896, non Sm., 1800, nec Wahlb., 1814 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Bor’s 1949 publication of P. pagophila was invalid, lacking a Latin description. Bor cited only the English description of P. flexuosa sensu Stapf. The Latin description was provided by Bor (1970), p. 38. Stapf clearly attributed P. flexuosa to Wahlberg. 511. Poa palustris L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 874. 1759 Poa serotina Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. (Ehrhart) 6: 83. 1791, nom. nud.; Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Fl. Germ. 1: 299. 1806. Type: Upsaliae Type. “Habitat [in Helvetiae, Italiae paludibus.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 99. 1762.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.21 (LINN). LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 256. 2000. 178 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Introduced; native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Habit. Perennial. 512. Poa persica Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 373. 1830 var. persica Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev., Fl. URSS 2: 430. t. 32. f. 8. 1934 Festuca persica (Trin.) C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 410. 1848 Nephelochloa persica (Trin.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 366–367. 1852 Poa heptantha (C. Koch) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 255. 1854 Festuca heptantha C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 410. 1848. Type: “Im Hochgebirge, auf sumpfigen Wiesen, auf Urgestein, 5500 ft.” (B). Festuca polygama C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 409. 1848. Type: “aus dem Wilhelm’schen herbar als.” Caucasus?; Wilhelms s.n. (B). Lectotype. “V. ssp. Pers.” [Caucasus; Azerbaijan]: in collibus ad Akar-Tschai prob, Karabagh; May 27, 1829; Szowits 246 (LE). LT designated by Tzvelev in Zlaki SSSR. 479. 1976. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. See also Gillespie et al. (2018). Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). 513. Poa polycolea Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 342. 1896 Poa chalarantha Keng ex L. Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 390 2002. Type: K.L. Chu 7012, China: Sichuan: Yulinkun, ad declivitatem saxosam umbrosam, 1 April 1940 (NAS). Poa gilgitica Dickoré, Stapfia 39: 169 1995. Type: India: Karakorum: Gilgit, Shinghai Gah - Pahot Gali 35°48'–55'N, 74°10'–17'E, Picea smithiana forest on NW-facing slope, veg. rec. 37, 3100m; 26 Jul 1990, G. & S. Miehe 796 (HT: K; IT: GOET). Poa lithophila Keng ex L. Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 397, 2002. Type: China: Sichuan: Dêgê [ca 31.8°N 98.6°E], alt. 2800–4300 m, Y.W. Tsui 4413 (HT: N). Poa maerkangica L. Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 399, 2002. Type: China: Sichuan: Maerkang, in locis gramineis declivitatis, 2800 m, 11 May 1959, Li Xin 70629 (HT herbarium unknown). Poa triglumis Keng ex L. Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 404, 2002. Type: 10 Jun 1937; Sichuan: Mu-ii, Wa-chin, bank of mt. stream, 2800m, FIB Yunnan exp. T.T. Checklist of the grasses of India 179 Yu 6032 (HT: NAS (not found 2001 or 2004); IT: KUN-388592, KUN-388590, PE-308548) Lectotype. J.D. Hooker & Thomson, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T. 15, West Himalaya: Kashmire, Valley north of Chamba, 3–3500 m (K000789594; ILT; BM) LT designated by Bor B.N.H.S.J. 50: 835 (1952), without indication of herb. Syntype. India: Kumaon, Dugli, alt. 10500 ft.; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom 11 (as P. serotina) (K; IST: BM). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 514. Poa polyneuron Bor, Kew Bull.1952: 223. 1952 Type. India: Sikkim, Natu La, 12800 ft.; June 23, 1945; N.L. Bor & Kiratram 20685 (K000789638). Distribution. Sikkim [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). 515. Poa poophagorum Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 143. 1948 (as “poiphagorum”) Poa albertii Regel ssp. poophagorum (Bor) Olonova & G.H. Zhu, Fl. China 22: 308. 2006 Type. India: Sikkim, Temu La, alt. 16000 ft.; 1912; Rohmoo Lepcha 374 (K). Distribution. Sikkim, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal]. Habit. Not reported. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species was recognized at the subspecific level by Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006) as P. albertii ssp. poophagorum, but more recently has been accepted as a species. 516. Poa pratensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 67–68. 1753 ssp. pratensis, nom. cons. Type. “Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis.” Conserved Type: Russia. Prov. SanctPetersburg, 5 km australi-occidentem versus a st. viae ferr. Mga, pratulum ad ripam dextram fl. Mga, 26 Jun 1997, Tzvelev N-257 (BM-000576302). Type designated by Soreng & Barrie in Taxon 48: 157. 1999. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. 180 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species is widely seeded for lawns and pastures in cool temperate regions. It is presumably naturalized in India. 517. Poa pratensis L. ssp. alpigena (Lindm.) Hiitonen, Suom. Kasvio 205. 1933 Poa alpigena Lindm., Svensk Fanerogamflora 91. 1918. Based on “P. pratensis var. alpigena” Fr. ex Blytt, nom. illeg. superfl. for “P. pratensis var. iantha” Laest. Poa pratensis L. var. alpigena Fr. ex Blytt, Norg. Flora 130. 1861. Type: “P. prat. Alpigena Fries Herbar. Norm. Fasc. 9.n. 93.1.p. prat. Alpestris Fries Summa Veget. P. 76. P. Prat. δ. Iantha Blytt l.c.” Poa pratensis L. var. iantha Laest., Kongl[iga]. Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar 1822: 329. 1822 Poa poophagorum Bor var. lanata Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 143. 1948. Type: China: Tibet, Rongshar Valley, alt. 12000 ft.; Hingston s.n. (K). Distribution. Sikkim [China, Nepal (in Naithani as ssp. staintonii)]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006).alpina 518. Poa pratensis L. ssp. angustifolia (L.) Gaudin, Agrost. Helv. 1: 214. 1811 Poa angustifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europa ad agrorum versuras.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.12, excl. second culm from left (LINN). LT designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 254. 2000. Poa pratensis L. var. angustifolia (L.) Sm., Fl. Brit. 105. 1800 Distribution. India [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Naturalized and possibly native; native to Europe and west and central Asia. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this name is widely misapplied to Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis; it could be in India, but the identifications should be checked. 519. Poa pratensis L. ssp. irrigata Lindb., Schedae Plantae Findlandiae Exsiccatae 2: 20. 1916 Poa irrigata Lindm., Botaniska Notiser 1905: 88, f. 1. 1905. (Bot. Not.), nom. incorrect as applied by the author, taxonomically superfl.; Poa rigens Hartm. 1820 cited as fo. within, see Art. 52 and 52.3. Isotypes: Ehrhart; Scandinavia: Upsaliae (LE) Checklist of the grasses of India 181 equals P. humilis Ehrh., nom. nud., P. humilis Ehrh. ex Hoffm. Ehrhart spec. B; 1 Oct 1893; Scandinavia: Upsala (LE) Poa subcaerulea Sm., Engl. Bot. 14: t. 1004. 1802. Type: England: Anglesea (on the Mountains of Westmoreland and Cumberland); Rev. H. Davies s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Naturalized; native to Eurasia. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this is a common lawn grass and sometimes pasture grass, and is widely seeded. This is the currently accepted name for Poa humilis, and for Poa subcaerulea as when treated as subspecies of Poa pratensis L. 520. Poa pratensis L. ssp. pruinosa (Korotky) Dickoré, Stapfia 39: 173. 1995 Poa pruinosa Korotky, Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 13: 291. 1914. (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.) Type: M. Korotky et al. s.n.; 4 Jul 1912; Russia, Transbaical district, Regio lacorum Eravinensis, pr. p. Konstantinowka, pr. ripam fl. Choloj et lacos Brarun-Charga and Syntyr, in arenosis (Lectotype: LE) LT cited in Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR 459 (1976). Poa markgrafii H. Hartmann, Candollea 39(2): 514. f. 2. 1984. Type: India: Karakorum, Suru, Chellong Nalla, W Panikhar, 12000 ft.; H. Hartmann 2380 (G). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). 521. Poa pseudamoena Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 276. 1953 Poa amoena Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 140. 1949, nom. later hom., non (Presl) Kunth, 1833. Type: India: Kumaon; R. Strachey 26/2 (K000789626). Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Annual or short-lived perennial. Remarks. Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990), and for Uttarakhand fide Nautiyal and Gaur (2017). 522. Poa rajbhandarii Noltie, Edinburgh J. Bot. 57(2): 288–289, f. 2M-P. 2000 Type. Sikkim: Phedang to Tsoka, S of Dzongri, 27°26'N, 88°10'E, 3500 m, 26 July 1992, Edinburgh Expedition to Sikkim and Darjeeling (ESIK) 748 (E00393984). 182 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Poa himalayana sensu Bor is Poa rajbhandari (see Noltie 2000). Taxonomic editor Soreng also notes that the situation is further confused by Nautiyal and Gaur (2017) accepting P. stewartiana. 523. Poa royleana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 256. 1854 Type. 187/140; Mussooree (LIV (12941-I and 12941-II)[upper culm and base mounted separately] (photo K-969/176)). Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. This species is sometimes placed as a synonym of Poa annua, but taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Poa royleana Nees ex Steud. is not at all like P. annua. It is a robust perennial, and a very odd one at that; it is apparently very rare. See also Rajbhandari and Edmondson (1990). Regarding the type specimen Soreng observes that the K-969/176 photo shows that both parts I and II were originally mounted on one sheet belonging to Merseyside County Museums Herbarium LIVCM 1952-121128H with the 187/140 Poa royleana - Mussooree tag and the Poa Royleana N. ab. E.-- tag. The spikelets are shaped like Glyceria striata; the lemmas are (5)7-(9)veined, glabrous; the rachilla is round, smooth, glabrous; the lodicules have stiff hairs at the apex; the paleas are peculiar -- flanges appressed hispidulous, keels densely hispidulous, and between keels densely hispidulous; the caryopsis is glabrous, with a short round to ovate hilum; sheaths mostly closed ca. 1/2 the length. 524. Poa setulosa Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 142. 1948 Poa rhadina Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 138. 1948. Type: Tehri-Garwahal, Jaulea bah, Srikanta, alt. 12000–13000 ft.; J.F. Duthie 265 (K000789593). Type. India: Lower Kunawar; August 15, 1847; T. Thomson s.n. (K000789592). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual or perennial. Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Nautiyal and Gaur (2017) separate P. rhadina from P. setulosa, and cite localities in Uttarakhand. Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006) place P. rhadina in synonymy as done here. Checklist of the grasses of India 183 525. Poa sikkimensis (Stapf ) Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 130. 1952 Poa annua L. var. sikkimensis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 346. 1896. Lectotype: India: Sikkim, Wallanchoon [Walungchung], 10000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K000808543). LT (called type) designated by N.L. Bor in Kew Bull. 1952: 130. 1952. (Accepted as Holotype by Rajbhandhari (1991), and as lectotype by Soreng annotation 2010). Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Bor annotated a different specimen as type in 1947 (K000808542), but later published the Wallanchoon specimen as the Type (Bor 1952). The latter was accepted as the holotype by Rajbhandhari (1991), and by Soreng in annotation. 526. Poa sinaica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 256. 1854 Isotypes. In cacuminae montis St. Catharinae Arab.; May 19, 1835; Schimper Unio itiner. 326 (BM, K, S). Distribution. India (West Himalaya) [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that this species apparently reaches to Pakistan, it is mostly viviparous over much of its range, especially eastward, and is thus difficult to separate from Poa bulbosa subsp. vivipara. It has more elongated bulbs at the base of shoots, and longer ligules than P. bulbosa. 527. Poa stapfiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 239. 1949 Poa tremula Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 344. 1896, non Lam., 1791. Syntypes: Temperate and Alpine Himalaya, from Kashmir, alt. 8000–15000 ft.; Jacquemont s.n. to Garhwal; Duthie s.n. Western Tibet, Ladakh; Thomson s.n., Schlagintweit s.n. Poa stapfiana Bor var. micranthera (Stapf ) Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 50: 827. 1952 Poa tremula Stapf var. micranthera Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 345. 1896. Syntypes: India: Kashmir, Palgam, 12000–13000 ft.; September 4, 1876; C.B. Clarke s.n., Duthie s.n. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. 184 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng observes that there are no worthy varieties here; all is one species. However, the Jacquemont collection, listed as a syntype of P. tremula is actually P. hirtiglumis. The lectotype designated by Rajbhandari (1991) is rejected for P. tremula, as it was only cited by Stapf as syntype of the var. micranthera. 528. Poa supina Schrad., Fl. Germ. (Schrader) 1: 289. 1806 Poa variegata Haller f., Cat. Pl. Helv. 38. 1800, nom. illeg., non Lam., 1791 Poa ustulata S.E. Fröhner, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 88: 437. 1968. (Bot. Jahrb. Syst.). Type: Russia: Siberia: Pamiro-Alaj mountains, Alajica valley, Tengiz-bai pass, alpine swales, slope toward Darant-Kurgan, 23 June 1931, S. Lipschitz 122 (HT: MW; IT: LE) Poa supina Schrad. ssp. ustulata (S.E. Fröhner) Á. Löve & D. Löve, Botaniska Notiser 128(4): 498. 1975[1976]. (Bot. Not.) Type. In summis alpibus Salisburgensibus; Mielichhofer s.n. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). Nautiyal and Gaur (2017) document specimen for Uttarakhand. 529. Poa szechuensis Rendle, J. Bot. 46: 173. 1908 var. szechuensis Poa gracillima Rendle, Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 36(254): 424–425. 1904, nom. illeg. hom., non Vasey 1893. Type: China; Sichuan, Emei Shan, Faber 1185 (HT: K000789505) Poa tibeticola Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 139. 1948. Type: China: Tibet, Khambajong; September 7, 1903; F.E. Younghusband s.n. (K000789482). Poa chumbiensis Noltie, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57(2): 282, f. 1I–L. 2000. Type: China: Xizang: Chumbi Valley, Yatung, 10000 ft, 18 April 1945, Bor & Kirat Ram 20148 (K) Distribution. Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records from Bor (1960) and Zhu et al. (2006). Checklist of the grasses of India 185 530. Poa szechuensis Rendle var. rossbergiana (K.S. Hao) Soreng & G.H. Zhu, Fl. China 22: 295. 2006 Poa rossbergiana K. S. Hao, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 68(5): 581. 1938. Type: China; Qinghai, in der Nähe des Klosters Ta-schiu-sze, 4200 m, im Ja-he-mari-Gebirge, westlich von Tsi-gi-gan-ba, 9 Sep 1930, K.S. Hao 1197 (IT: NAS) Poa rohmooana Noltie, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57(2): 281–282, f. 1E–H. 2000. (Edinburgh J. Bot.). Type: Sikkim: Chugya, 15000 ft, 12 Nov. 1912, Rohmoo Lepcha 284 (HT: E) Distribution. Sikkim [China]. Habit. Annual. 531. Poa trivialis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753 ssp. trivialis Type. “Habitat in Europae pascuis.” Neotype: Hudson 16, Herb. Linn. No. 87.9 (LINN). Neotype designated by Soreng in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 256. 2000. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. All records for India fide Naithani (1990). 532. Poa trivialis L. var. glabra Döll, Rhein. Fl. 92. 1843. Type. Not found. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record in India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Bor (1952, 1960) recognized this species, and Tzvelev (1983) says it is sometimes recognized. It has smoother sheaths than the typical variety. 533. Poa wardiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 143. 1948 Type. India: Assam, Balipara Frontier Tract, Poshing La, 10000–12000 ft.; July 21, 1938; F. Kingdon-Ward 13990 (K000789597, ex DD). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 186 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Polypogon Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 66. 1798 (“1800”) Type. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (as “monspeliense”) (Alopecurus monspeliensis L.). 534. Polypogon fugax Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 184. 1854 Polypogon higegaweri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 422. 1854. Type: Japonica Polypogon littoralis Sm. var. higegaweri (Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 246. 1896 Type. Nepal. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 535. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 67. 1798 var. monspeliensis Alopecurus monspeliensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 61. 1753. Type: “Habitat Monspelii.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 82.6 (LINN). LT designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 245. 2000. Phleum monspeliense (L.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 57. 1802 Santia monspeliensis (L.) Parl., Fl. Palerm. 1: 73. 1845 Agrostis alopecuroides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 160. 1791. Type: “Ex Gallia & Europa australi.” Phleum crinitum Schreb., Beschr. Graes. 1: 151. 1768 Polypogon flavescens J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 234. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Peruvia.” Peru; Haenke s.n. (PR) Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 536. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. var. indicus Bhattacharya & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 208. f. 1. 1985 (“1983”) Type. India: Punjab, Ferozepore; S.l. s.n. (CAL). Checklist of the grasses of India 187 Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Punjab fide Naithani (1990). 537. Polypogon nilgiricus Kabeer & V.J. Nair, Nord. J. Bot. 25(1–2): 9, fig. 1. 2008 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills, Manjakambai, alt. 3000 ft.; March 3, 2004; K. Althaf Ahamed Kabeer 117749 (CAL). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 538. Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110 (Sess. Extraord. 89): 56. 1966 (“1963”) Agrostis viridis Gouan, Hortus Monsp. 546. 1762. Type: France “Habitat au mont Saint Loup. Cum agrost. Ventricosa Altitudo prioris.” (P). Agrostis semiverticillata (Forssk.) C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4(3): 12. 1922 Phalaris semiverticillata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 17. 1775. Type: “Rofettae & Kahirae frequens, Aprile ineunre florens, Naaejm.”Egypt: Rosetta and Cairo; April, 1762; Forsskal 63 (C). Agrostis verticillata Vill., Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 16. 1779. Type: France. Polypogon littoralis Sm. var. muticus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 246. 1896. Type: India: Kunawur; Thomson s.n. Distribution. Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Puccinellia Parl., Fl. Ital. 1: 366. 1848, nom. cons. Type. Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. (Poa distans Jacq.) (type cons.). For additional information see Liu et al. (2006) and Dickoré (1995). Dickoré notes several poorly known taxa from Karakorum that are not mentioned here. 539. Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl., Fl. Ital. (Parlatore) 1: 367. 1848 Poa distans Jacq., Observ. Bot. (Jacquin) 1: 42. 1764, Type: “Habitat in Austria. D. Jacquin.” Lectotype: Austria. “Poa distans. triandra digyn. Crescit in fossis aquosis 188 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) et locis humidis per Austriam.” Herb. Jacquin fil. (W). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 255. 2000. Atropis distans (Jacq.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 388. 1852 Glyceria distans (Jacq.) Wahlenb., Fl. Upsal. 36. 1820 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 540. Puccinellia glauca (Regel) V.I. Krecz., Flora URSS 2: 484, pl. 36, f. 19. 1934 Atropis distans var. glauca Regel, Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaničeskago Sada 7(2): 623. 1881. (Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada). Type: P. Fedchenko s.n., 29 May 1869, Environs of Kalta-Kurgon, along the irrigation channel Narupai (LE) Puccinellia distans Parl. ssp. glauca (Regel) Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR 507. 1976 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 541. Puccinellia himalaica Tzvelev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 66. 1955 Type. India: Kashmir, Soo Morari Peldo, Rupshu, alt. 12800 ft.; July 8, 1931; W. Koeltz 2216 (LE). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 542. Puccinellia ladakhensis (H. Hartmann) Dickoré, Stapfia 39: 182. 1995 Poa ladakhensis H. Hartmann, Candollea 39(2): 510. f. 1. 1984. Type: India: Kashmir, Stokphu, alt. 14500 ft.; H. Hartmann 2614 (G). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 189 543. Puccinellia minuta Bor, Nytt Mag. Bot., Oslo 1: 19, f. 8. 1952. Puccinellia kashmiriana Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 270–271. 1953. Type: India: Kashmir, Kamri Valley, near Kalapani, alt. 11200–12000 ft.; August 25, 1893; J.F. Duthie 12543 (K). Type. Pakistan: Chitral distr.: Barum Gol, S. Barum Glacier, ca. 4500 m, 27 July 1950, P. Wendelbo s.n. (K). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Dickoré (1995) recognized P. minuta with P. kashmiriana Bor as a synonym, a structure that we follow here. Liu et al. (2006) recognize P. minuta but do not mention P. kashmiriana. 544. Puccinellia stapfiana R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 418. 1945 Glyceria pooides Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 348. 1896 (as “poaeoides”), non Puccinellia pooides Keng, 1938. Type: China: Xizang, Rupchu, grassy plains at the head of Salt Lake; T. Thomson s.n., non Puccinellia pooides Keng, 1938 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 545. Puccinellia tenuiflora (Griseb.) Scribn. & Merr., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 78. 1910 Atropis tenuiflora Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4(13): 389. 1852. Type: Russia: Siberia, Transbaical; Turczaninov s.n. (LE). Distribution. India (West Himalaya) [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. States in India not recorded. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Liu et al. (2006) include Iran but not Pakistan in the distribution of this species. 546. Puccinellia thomsonii (Stapf ) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 418. 1945 (as “thomsoni”) Glyceria thomsonii Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 347. 1896. Type: China: Xizang, Rupchu above Pugha, alt. 15500 ft.; T. Thomson s.n. 190 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Atropis thomsonii (Stapf ) Pamp., Fl. Caracorum 77. 1930 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Rostraria Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 149. 1820 Lectotype. Rostraria pubescens Trin., nom. illeg. (Bromus dactyloides Roth) (designated by Pfeiffer, Nomenclat. Bot. 2: 991. 1874). 547. Rostraria clarkeana (Domin) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9(3): 271. 1974 Koeleria clarkeana Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 14(Heft 65): 272. 1907. Type: India: Kashmir, Naosheva; 1876; C.B. Clarke 28155 (K). Lophochloa clarkeana (Domin) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 445. 1960 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). 548. Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 47. 1971 (“1970”) Festuca cristata L., Sp. Pl. 1: 76. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Lusitanae collibus sterilibus.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 92.24 (LINN). LT designated by Sherif & Siddiqi in El-Gadi (ed.), Fl. Libya 145: 167. 1988. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 549. Rostraria pumila (Desf.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 48. 1971(“1970”) Avena pumila Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 103. 1798. Lectotype: Morocco; 1806; Broussonet 296 (LE). (Vide Henderson & Schäfer, Bot. J. Linn Soc. 141: 130. 2003.) Lophochloa pumila (Desf.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 445. 1960. Type: Pakistan: Rawalpindi; R.R. Stewart 23443 Checklist of the grasses of India 191 Distribution. Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Sclerochloa P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 97, 177. 1812 Lectotype. Sclerochloa dura (L.) P. Beauv. (Cynosurus durus L.). (vide Pfeiffer, Nomenclat. Bot. 2: 1103. 1874). 550. Sclerochloa dura (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 98, 177. t. 19. f. 4. 1812 Cynosurus durus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi.” Lectotype = “Gramen arvense, Polypodii panicula crassiore” in Barrelier, Pl. Galliam, 111, t. 50, 1714. LT designated by Stace & Jarvis in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 91: 438. 1985. Eleusine dura (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 203. 1791 Festuca dura (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 94. 1787 Poa dura (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 1: 70. 1772. Type: “Habitat Tergesti, iuxta vias, in aridis.” Sesleria dura (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 110. 1829 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Sibirotrisetum Barberá, Soreng, Romasch., A. Quintanar, & P.M. Peterson, J. Syst. Evol.: 8. 2019 Type. Sibirotrisetum sibiricum (Rupr.) Barberá. 551. Sibirotrisetum aeneum (Hook. f.) Barberá, J. Syst. Evol.: 8. 2019. Avena aenea Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 279. 1896. Type: Western Himalaya, alt. 11000–12000 ft., from Kashmir to Kumaon. Trisetum aeneum (Hook. f.) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 431. 1945 Trisetum aureum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 225. 1854, non Ten., 1820. Type: Nepal; Royle 44 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 192 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 552. Sibirotrisetum scitulum (Chrtek ex Barberá) Barberá, J. Syst. Evol. 2019 (doi: 10.1111/jse.12523): 8. Trisetum scitulum Bor, Kew Bull. 1956: 212. 1956. Type: India: Sikkim; J.D. Hooker s.n. Avena flavescens sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 279. 1896, non L., 1753 Distribution. Uttarakhand, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 553. Sibirotrisetum sibiricum (Rupr.) Barberá subsp. sibiricum, J. Syst. Evol. 8. 2019. Trisetum sibiricum Rupr., Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 65. 1845 Trisetum sikkimense (Hook. f.) Chrtek, Acta Univ. Carol., Biol. 1966: 92. 1967 [page 1967: 104?] Avena sikkimensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 280. 1896. Type: Sikkim Himalaya, Lachen and Lachoong Valleys, alt. 10000–11000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Distribution. Sikkim. Habit. Perennial. Trisetaria Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 27. 1775 Type. Trisetaria linearis Forssk. 554. Trisetaria loeflingiana (L.) Paunero, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 9: 527. 1950 Avena loeflingiana L., Sp. Pl. 1: 79. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Hispania.” Lectotype: Löfling s.n., Herb. Linn. No. 95.4, upper row of specimens (excl. specimen at bottom left) (LINN). LT designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 247. 2000. Lophochloa cavanillesii (Trin.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 445. 1960 Trisetaria cavanillesii (Trin.) Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 2: 251. 1953 Trisetum cavanillesii Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 63. 1830 (1831) Distribution. Northwest India [Pakistan]. Checklist of the grasses of India 193 Habit. Annual. Remarks. States in India not recorded. Taxonomic editor Soreng cites unpublished phylogenetic data suggesting that this species may be misplaced in Trisetaria. Trisetopsis Röser & A. Wölk, Schlechtendalia 25: 57. 2013 Type. Trisetopsis elongata (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Röser & A. Wölk (Danthonia elongata Hochst. ex A.Rich.). Notes. Taxonomic editor Soreng notes that Trisetopsis Röser & A. Wölk (2013) and Tzveleviochloa Röser & A. Wölk (2017) were described to accommodate 28 and 3 species formerly treated as Helictotrichon. There is a confusing array of named species along the Himalayan front and extending into the Hengduan Shan of China, for which (in his opinion) there is no adequate taxonomic account. Helictotrichon schmidtii and H. polyneurum belong to this group, but there is no newer combination or synonymy for these two, although Röser may have placed them in synonymy of others. These are all species with lax leaves unlike Helictotrichon s.s. There are no species of Helictotrichon s.s. in India. See also discussions in Wölk and Röser (2013, 2014, 2017) and Wölk et al. (2015). 555. Trisetopsis aspera (Munro ex Thwaites) Röser & A. Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017 Avena aspera Munro ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 372. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Newera Ellia and Other of the more elevated parts of the Island; Munro Ceylon Plant 916 Avenastrum asperum (Munro ex Thwaites) Vierh. var. polyneuron (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1803. 1934 Avenastrum asperum (Munro ex Thwaites) Vierh., Verh. Ges. Deutsch. Naturf. 85(2): 672. 1914 Helictotrichon asperum (Munro ex Thwaites) Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 68. 1938 Avena aspera Munro ex Thwaites var. roylei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 277. 1896. Type: Kashmir to Nepal, alt. 6000–12000 ft. Avena polyneura Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 277–278. 1896. Type: India: Nilghiri Hills, Dodabetta, alt. 8000 ft.; Gamble s.n. Helictotrichon polyneurum (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 425. 1940 Helictotrichon roylei (Hook. f.) Keng, Clav. Gen. Sp. Gram. Prim. Sin. 200. 1957 Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Note that Avena polyneura Hook. f. has never been formally transferred to Trisetopsis. 194 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 556. Trisetopsis junghuhnii (Buse) Röser & A. Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017 Avena junghuhnii Buse, Pl. Jungh. 345. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java, Kedu, in planitie montis Dieng, ubi una cum Bromo insigni Buse prope pagum Parre kesit; Junghuhn s.n. (L). Helictotrichon junghuhnii (Buse) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 425. 1940 Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 557. Trisetopsis virescens (Nees) Röser & Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017 Trisetum virescens Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 226. 1854. Type: India; Royle Herb. no. 137, 138 Helictotrichon virescens (Nees) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 425. 1940 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Trisetum Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805 Lectotype. Avena flavescens L. LT designated by Hitchcock, U.S.D.A. Bull. 772: 108. 1920. Notes. Generic limits in Koeleria, Trisetum and related genera have been the subject of much recent work. See Barberá et al. (2017a, 2017b, 2018, 2019a, 2019b) and Peterson et al. (2019). 558. Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 88, 153, 180. 1812 Avena flavescens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 80. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Germania, Anglia, Gallia.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen No. 913.7–458 (L). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 247. 2000. Trisetaria flavescens (L.) Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 263. 1816 Rebentischia flavescens (L.) Opiz, Lotos 4: 104. 1854, nom. inval. pro syn. of Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv., 1812 Trisetum pratense Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 97. 1805, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Avena flavescens Checklist of the grasses of India 195 Distribution. Meghalaya, Sikkim [also in Europe, North America, South America]. Widespread and native in Eurasia, but not in China. Habit. Perennial. 559. Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. ssp. mongolicum Hultén ex Veldkamp, Gard. Bull. Singapore 36(1): 135. 1983 Trisetum mongolicum (Hultén ex Veldkamp) Peshkova, Fl. Centr. Sibir. 1: 97. 1979 Type. China: Xizang: Kuenlun, Ulan Bulak, 5 July 1894, Roborovsky s.n. (HT: S). Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China]. Habit. Perennial. Tzveleviochloa Röser & A. Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017. Type. Tzveleviochloa parviflora (Hook. f.) Röser & A. Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017. (Avena aspera Munro ex Thwaites var. parviflora Hook. f.). Notes. See comments under Trisetopsis, and also discussions in Wölk and Röser (2013, 2014, 2015, 2017). 560. Tzveleviochloa parviflora (Hook. f.) Röser & A. Wölk, Taxon 66(1): 38. 2017 Avena aspera Munro ex Thwaites var. parviflora Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 277. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Singalela, alt. 11000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Helictotrichon parviflorum (Hook. f.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 445. 1952 Distribution. Sikkim. Habit. Perennial. 561. Tzveleviochloa schmidii (Hook. f.) E. A. Kellogg, comb. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212057-1 Helictotrichon schmidii (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 427. 1940 Avena aspera Munro ex Thwaites var. schmidii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 277. 1896. Syntypes: India: Nilghiri Hills; Schmid s.n. Ootacamund, alt. 7500–8000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Avenastrum asperum (Munro ex Thwaites) Vierh. var. schmidii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1802. 1934 196 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Tamil Nadu [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Soreng suggests placing Helictotrichon schmidii (Hook. f.) Henrard in Tzveleviochloa so the combination is made here. Subfamily Aristidoideae Caro, 1982 Annuals or perennials, generally with slender leaves. The spikelets have one flower subtended by glumes that are generally longer than the flower, and may be cylindrical or laterally compressed. Lemmas are terete and generally leathery, bearing three awns; the latter condition is synapomorphic for the subfamily. Awns may be free or fused. While plants in Aristidoideae appear similar to Stipeae, many morphological characters keep them out of the Pooideae (e.g., presence of mcirohairs, lack of an epiblast in the embryo, C4 photosynthesis in two of the genera (Kellogg 2015b; Kellogg and Campbell 1987)). Molecular data place the subfamily firmly in the PACMAD clade (Barker et al. 1995; Clark et al. 1995; Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001; Grass Phylogeny Working Group II 2012). The position of the subfamily within PACMAD is unclear. While GPWG II (Grass Phylogeny Working Group II 2012) placed it sister to all the remaining PACMAD subfamilies (i.e. PCMAD), Cotton et al. (2015) place it sister to the clade comprised of Chloridoideeae+Danthonioideae+Arundinoideae+M icrairoideae. Teisher et al. (2017) and Saarela et al. (2018) find that placement of the clade is ambiguous, with nearly equal support for placement sister to PCMAD, sister to CMAD, or sister to Panicoideae. The three genera of Aristidoideae are each monophyletic, with Sartidia sister to Stipagrostis and Aristida sister to the two together (Cerros Tlatilpa et al. 2011). Aristida L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82. 1753 Type. Aristida adscensionis L. 562. Aristida adscensionis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82. 1753 Aristida divaricata J. Jacq., Ecl. Gram. Rar. 7. t. 6. 1813 Chaetaria adscensionis (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 151, 158. 1812 (as “ascensionis”) Aristida adscensionis L. var. pumila (Decne.) Coss. & Durieu, Expl. Sci. Algerie 84. 1855 Aristida pumila Decne. Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 2, 4: 85. 1835. Type: “Hab. l’Hedjas” (P). Aristida bromoides Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 122 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in montanis regni Quitensis, Juxta Tambo de Guamote et Lianos de Tio- Checklist of the grasses of India 197 caxas, alt. 1600 hexap.” Ecuador: Chimborazo, Guamote; Humboldt & Bonpland 3020 (P). Chaetaria bromoides (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 396. 1817 Aristida canariensis Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1: 99. 1809. Type: “Habitat in Canariis.” Canary Islands: Habitat in Teneriffe; Broussonet s.n. Aristida coarctata Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 122 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in alto planitie Mexicana, inter Burras et Guanaxuato, alt. 1060 hexap.” Lectotype: Mexico: Guannajuato, between Burras and Guanaxuato; Humbold & Bonpland s.n. (P-Bonpl. (left-hand plant). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 542. 1924. Aristida curvata Nees ex A. Rich. var. abyssinica A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 392. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in montibus prope Tchelatchranne et in provincial Chire mense October (Schimper).” Aristida debilis Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 151. 1921. Lectotype: Jamaica; Macnab s.n. (B; ILT: US-81060 (fragm. ex B)). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 543. 1924. Aristida depressa Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 22. 1786–1787. Type: “Habitantem invenit honor, Koening in fterilioribus Malabariae cum priori.” India, Malabariae; Koenig s.n. (S). Aristida fasciculata Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1(1): 154–155. 1824. Type: “Habitat in the forests of the Canadian river.” USA: New Mexico, in forests of the Canadian river; 1819–1820; James s.n. (NY). Chaetaria fasciculata (Torr.) Schult. & Schult. f., Mant. 3 (Schultes & Schultes f.) Add. I 578. 1827 Aristida grisebachiana E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 78. 1886. Lectotype: Mexico: Veracruz, Mirador; Schaffner 175 (pl. ed. Hohen. 175) pro parte (P). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 543. 1924. Aristida heymannii Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 649. 1881 (as “heymanni”). Type: “In valle fluvii Iii in angustiis Koibin.” Aristida interrupta Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 5(1): 45. t. 471. f. 2. 1799. Type: “Habitat prope oppidium Chalma, Regni mexicani. Floret Augusto. Vidi siccam in laudato herbario.” Aristida maritima Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 137. 1854. Type: Guadeloupe: sabulosis aridis maritimis; 1852; E.P. de F. Duchassaing s.n. (P). Aristida mauritiana Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 392. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit ad pagum Aitet, in provincial Medat, mense Martio (Schimper).” Lectotype: Mauritius: Anonymous s.n. [Insula franciae ex Museo Paris 1820] (B). LT designated by Henrard in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54(A): 338. 1927. Aristida modatica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 139. 1854. Type: Provincia Modat Abyss.; Hochstetter herb. Abyss. un. it. nr. 1047 Aristida vulgaris Trin. & Rupr. var. mongholica Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 133. 1842. Type: “In arenosis et plnitiebus deserti totius Mongholiae mediae.” 198 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Aristida nana (Trin. & Rupr.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 137. 1854 Aristida dispersa Trin. & Rupr. var. nana Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 129. 1842. Type: Chile: Valparaiso, in declivibus apricis collium Quillota; Sepember, 1829; C.G. Bertero 994 (LE). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 542. 1924. Aristida nigrescens J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 223. 1830. Type: “Hab. in Mexico” Mexico; 1836; Haenke s.n. (PR). Aristida schaffneri E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 78. 1886. Lectotype: Mexico: Veracruz, Orizaba; J.G. Schaffner 181(P). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 543. 1924. Aristida teneriffae Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 420. 1854. Type: Canary Islands: Teneriffe; Boivin 222. Aristida vulgaris Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 131. 1842. Type: Canary Islands, Teneriffe; Broussonet s.n. (B-W). Lectotype. Herb. Linn. No. 98.1 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 541. 1924. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pantropical, nearly worldwide in tropic, subtropic and warm temperate regions]. Habit. Annual. 563. Aristida cumingiana Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 141. 1842 Aristida delicatula Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 393. 1850–1851. Syntypes: “Crescit in locis arenosis et graminosis prope Kouaieta, in provincial Chire (Quartin Dillon et Schimper).” Ethiopia; Quartin Dillon s.n. (P). Ethiopia: Schire; October 16, 1840; Schimper 1830 (P). Aristida trichodes (Nees ex Lindl.) Walpers, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 3: 753. 1853 Chaetaria trichodes Nees ex Lindl., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 101. 1850. Type: Insulae Philippinae; H. Cuming 671 (B). Aristida capillacea sensu Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 5(1): 43. t. 468. f. 1. 1799, non Lam., 1791. Type. Philippine Islands: Luzon; H. Cuming 671 (LE). Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal. Habit. Annual. 564. Aristida cyanantha Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 141. 1854 Type. Nepal; Royle 64 (LE). Checklist of the grasses of India 199 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 565. Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 159. 1842. Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. var. mallica (Edgew.) Henrard, Mon. Aristida 90. 1929 Aristida mallica Edgew., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 209. 1862. Type: Multan, not cited. Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. var. royleana (Trin. & Rupr.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 227. 1896 Aristida royleana Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 160. 1842. Type: India orientalis; 1836; Royle s.n. [Royle herb. Ind. Mont. (Nees herb.)] (LE-TRIN-1341.01). Aristida macrathera A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 393. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in locis arenosis provinciae montosae Chire, mense Octobre (Quartin Dillon).” Ethiopia: Schire; Quartin Dillon s.n. (P). Aristida kotschyi Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 142. 1854, pro. syn. nom. nud. Type: Sudan: Kordofan, Abu-Gerad; September 21, 1839; Kotschy 31(WAG). Aristida stipacea Ehrenb. & Hempr. ex Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 159. 1842, nom. nud., cited as synonym of Aristida funiculata Aristida funicularis Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 131. 1840, nom. nud. Syntypes. Africa: Senegal, in sabulosis prope Walo; Leprieur s.n. Sudan: ad pagum Cordofanum Abu-Gerard locis demissis arenosis siccis; Kotschy 34 (LE). Sudan: in planitie arenosa Accabae; Kotschy 98 (LE). Arabia: prope Gidon; Ehrenberg s.n. (LE). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 566. Aristida hystricula Edgew., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 208. 1862 Type. India: Sindh and Multan; Stocks 187, p.p. Distribution. Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 567. Aristida hystrix L.f., Suppl. Pl. 113. 1782 (“1781”) Chaetaria hystrix (L.f.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 152, 158. 1812 200 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Aristida rigescens Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 400. 1817. Type: India Orientalis; Heyne s.n. Aristida rigida Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 42. 1821, non Cav., 1799. Type: “In collectione veneratiss, Benjamin Heyne innominata aderat.” Type. “Habitat in Malabaria”; Koenig s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 568. Aristida mutabilis Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac. 150–151. 1842 Aristida articulata Edgew, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 209. 1862. Type: “The habit is that of rigescens (R.S., Steud. Gr. no. 100, p. 141).” Aristida longeradiata Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 140. 1854. Type: Senegal; 1830; Leprieur 92 (P). Type. Africa: Sudan, “Cordofan, in arenae saxis graniticis delitescantibus formata”; Kotschy 103 (LE). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 569. Aristida redacta Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1892: 85–86. 1892 Stipa aristoides Stapf ex Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 7: 358. 1893. Type: India: Deccan, Burdwan; Lisboa s.n.? Type. India: “Bombay Presidency, Western Ghats, Eastern Chuttanagpur”, Deccan; May 1880; G.M. Woodrow 19=124(K (photo, US-1447177)). LT designated by Henrard in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54(B): 505. 1928. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal. Habit. Annual. 570. Aristida setacea Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 22. 1786–1787 Chaetaria setacea (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 152, 158. 1812 Checklist of the grasses of India 201 Aristida quinqueseta Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 420. 1855. Type: Insula Mauritii; Boivin s.n. Aristida coerulescens sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 370. 1864, non Desf., 1798 Type. “In aridis sterilioribus Malabaricae cel. Koenig, unde sub nomine aristidae arundinaceae misit.” India: Malabaricae; Koenig s.n. (LD). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 571. Aristida stocksii (Hook. f.) Domin., Biblioth. Bot. 20 (Heft. 85): 338. 1915 Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. var. stocksii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 227. 1896. Type: India: Concan; J.E. Stocks s.n. (K). Distribution. Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Stipagrostis Nees, Linnaea 7: 290. 1832 Type. Stipagrostis capensis Nees. 572. Stipagrostis hirtigluma (Steud. ex Trin. & Rupr.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 134. 1963 Aristida hirtigluma Steud. ex Trin. & Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 171. 1842. Type: “In rupibus Wadi Hebran Arabiae petraeae m. April (Schimper Un. it. n. 165).” Lectotype: Schimper 165 (B). LT designated by Henrard in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 232. 1927. Distribution. Rajasthan [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa]. Native or naturalized? Habit. Annual or perennial. 573. Stipagrostis paradisea (Edgew.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135. 1963 Aristida paradisea Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 16: 1219. 1847. Type: “Aden” Arabia. 202 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Rajasthan [also in the Middle East, Africa]. Native or naturalized? Habit. Perennial. 574. Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T. Anderson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5(Suppl.)1: 40. 1860 Aristida plumosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: App. 1666. 1763. Type: “Habitat in America. D. Schreber.” Lectotype: Schreber, Herb. Linn. No. 98.6 (LINN). LT designated by Henrard in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54A: 451. 1927. Distribution. Rajasthan [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 575. Stipagrostis pogonoptila (Jaub. & Spach) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135. 1963 Arthratherum pogonoptilum Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 56. 1851. Type: “Pentapotamide (collibus inter Jalalpur et Darapour).” India; April, 1831; Jacquemont s.n. (P). Aristida pogonoptila (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 496. 1884 Distribution. Haryana, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Not reported. Remarks. Records from Haryana and Punjab fide Naithani (1990). 576. Stipagrostis pungens (Desf.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135. 1963 Aristida pungens Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 109. t. 35. 1798. Type: “Habitat in arenas humidis prope Sfax et in deserto.” Distribution. India [Africa]. Possibly naturalized; state localities not reported. Habit. Perennial. Subfamily Panicoideae A. Braun, 1864 Annuals or perennials, caespitose, rhizomatous, or stoloniferous, often with branched culms. Leaves, inflorescences, and spikelets variable. Lodicules 2, thick, fleshy. Caryopsis with a punctate hilum. Embryo with a scutellar cleft and with the embryonic leaf margins overlapping. Checklist of the grasses of India 203 This large subfamily includes more than a quarter of the species in the family and in its current circumscription encompasses a broad range of variation. Much of this variability is due to the diverse morphology of the tribes Centotheceae, Chasmanthieae, and Tristachyideae, which have only recently been included as part of Panicoideae (Morrone et al. 2012; Sánchez-Ken and Clark 2010). In contrast, the core Panicoideae includes Paspaleae, Andropogoneae, and Paniceae; together this group has been recognized since the work of Robert Brown (1810; 1814). Members of the core all have two flowered spikelets which are dorsiventrally compressed. The distal flower is generally bisexual and the proximal one is either staminate or sterile. Disarticulation is below the glumes. All these spikelet characters appear to be synapomorphic for the clade comprising these three large tribes (Kellogg 2015b). Taxonomic editor: Fernando Zuloaga for all except Andropogoneae Incertae sedis: Dichaetaria Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 145. 1854 Type. Dichaetaria wightii Nees. 577. Dichaetaria wightii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 145–146. 1854 Gymnopogon wightii (Nees) Koord., Exkurs.-Fl. Java 1: 152. 1911 Gymnopogon rigidus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 372. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Hotter and drier parts of the Island; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 914 Type. India; Wight Herb. no. 1035. Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Tribe Centotheceae Ridl., 1907 Plants annual or perennial. Spikelets laterally compressed, with few to many flowers, the reduced flowers either proximal or distal to the fertile ones. Members of this tribe have no obvious morphological features in common (Kellogg 2015b), but the group is strongly supported as monophyletic in molecular phylogenies (Burke et al. 2016; Grass Phylogeny Working Group II 2012; Sánchez-Ken and Clark 2007). 204 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Centotheca Desv., Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 189. 1810 (“Centosteca”), nom. & orth. cons. Type. Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv. (Cenchrus lappaceus L.). 578. Centotheca ganeshaiahiana M.V. Ramana, Chorghe, Prasanna, & Sanjappa, Nordic J. Bot. 32: 559. 2014. Type. India, north Andaman Islands Saddle Peak National Park. Open scrub forest (13°9'35.4"N, 93°11'09.3"E), 250–400 m a.s.l., 19 Feb 2011, M.V. Ramana 0078 (holotype: CAL, isotypes: BSID, PBL). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Habit. Annual. 579. Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv., Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris. 2: 189. 1810 var. lappacea Cenchrus lappaceus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1488. 1763. Type: “Habitat in India.” Neotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1212.15 (LINN). LT designated by Monod de Froideville in Blumea 19: 59. 1971. Melica lappacea (L.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 443. 1825 Uniola lappacea (L.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1(4): 358. 1830 Centotheca latifolia Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 141. 1820, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Cenchrus lappaceus L. Centotheca parviflora Andersson, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 560. 1864. Type: “Standort Auf feuchtem, sandigem und morastigem Wiesengrunde in Boror (und am Zambeze) in Marz.” Festuca blepharophora Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 728. 1817. Type: India orientalis. Holcus latifolius Osbeck, Dagb. Ostind. Resa 247. 1757. Type: China. Torresia latifolia (Osbeck) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 515. 1817. Melica diandra Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 329. 1820. Type: “A Native of Mountains on the Coromandel Coast.” Melica refracta Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 329. 1820. Type: “Native of Moluccas and from thence introduced amongst other plants, into the Botanical Garden.” Poa latifolia G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. 8. 1786. Type: Society Islands; 1773 or 1774; Forster s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 205 Torresia biflora Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 515. 1817, nom. nud., pro syn. as “Torresiam biflorum”. Panicum festuciforme Hochst. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 332. 1896, nom. nud. Festuca ciliaris Heyne ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 728. 1817, nom. nud., pro. syn. Festuca latifolia Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 75. 1821, non DC., 1813 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 580. Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv. var. longilamina (Ohwi) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 459. 1960 Centotheca longilamina Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 10. 1947. Type: Indonesia: Java, Pasir Kiara Djongkang in Res. Batavia; June 8, 1924; Bakhuizen van der Brink 3312 (BO). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Naithani), Assam, Goa, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record from Andaman and Nicobar Islands fide Naithani (1990). Reports from Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are erroneous. Thysanolaena Nees, Edinburgh New. Philos. J. 18: 180. 1835 Type. Thysanolaena agrostis Nees, nom. illeg. (Agrostis maxima Roxb., Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze). 581. Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 312. 1930 Melica latifolia Roxb. ex Hornem., Suppl. Hort. Bot. Hafn. 117. 1819. Type: Habitat in Ind, orient. C. intr. 1818. Neotype: J.O. Voigt - s.n. (C/BC:C-10017246) [vide tropicos]. 206 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Agrostis maxima Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 319. 1820. Type: A native of hedges, amongst the Mountains India, 1900–4000 ft.; W. Roxburgh s.n. Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb. ex Hornem) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 794. 1891. Melica latifolia Roxb. ex Hornem, Suppl. Hort. Bot. Hafn. 117. 1819; Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 330. 1820. Type: “A native of the Garrow Hills, from thence it was brought to the Botanic Garden, by Mr. Robert Kyd.” Myriachaeta glauca Moritzi ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 404. 1854. Type: Malaysia: Ins. Sümbaura; Hrbo. Zolling. Nr. 1769. Panicum acariferum Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1: t. 87. 1827. Thysanolaena assamensis Gdger., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 303. 1919. Type: Assam, Lashai Lungleh; Gage 281. Thysanolaena birmanica Gdger., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 303. 1919. Type: Birmania, ad Makhaye; King 73. Thysanolaena sikkimensis Gdger., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 303. 1919. Type: Himalaya: Sikkim, Labdah; Prian s.n., Ribu s.n. Thysanolaena agrostis Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 180. 1835, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Agrostis maxima Roxb. Myriachaeta arundinacea Zoll. & Moritz, Syst. Verz. (Moritzi et al.) 101. 1846, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Myriachaeta glauca Moritzi ex Steud. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Tribe Chasmanthieae W.V. Br. & B.N. Smith ex Sánchez-Ken & L.G. Clark, 2010 Plants perennial, caespitose, rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Leaf blades broad, pseudopetiolate in some species. Spikelets laterally compressed, with one to many flowers. Stamens 1, 2, or 3. Members of this tribe share no obvious morphological characters (Kellogg 2015b) but are supported as forming a clade in molecular phylogenies (Burke et al. 2016; Sánchez-Ken and Clark 2007; 2010). Lophatherum Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 49. 1831 (“1829”) Type. Lophatherum gracile Brongn. Checklist of the grasses of India 207 582. Lophatherum gracile Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(2): 50, t. 8. 1831 var. gracile Acroelytrum japonicum Steud., Flora 29: 21. 1846. Type: “Ab omnibus Bambusaceis valvulis aristatis differt.” Allelotheca urvillei Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 117. 1854. Type: “Ex herbario Urville sine addito loco natali. An. N. Holl.” Lophatherum annulatum Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 605. 1879. Type: not given Lophatherum dubium Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 300. 1854. Type: India; Wight Herb. no. 1090 Lophatherum geminatum Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 300. 1883. Type: Central Madagascar; Baron 1061 (K). Lophatherum gracile Brongn. var. zeylanicum (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India ad Pakistan 460. 1960 Lophatherum zeylanicum Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 303. 1900. Syntypes: Sri Lanka; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 920. Sri Lanka; Walker s.n. Pasdum Korale; Gardner s.n. Lophatherum humile Miq., Prolus. Fl. Japon. 170. 1867. Type: Japan: Prope Nagasaki; 1862; R. Oldham 948 (L). (vide Tropicos) Lophatherum lehmannii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 300. 1854. Type: Nepal; Lehman s.n. Lophatherum multiflorum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 300. 1854. Type: Java Lophatherum pilosulum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 428. 1855. Type: Japan; I. Keiske s.n. (L). Type. “Amboine, dans les Moluques.” Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Tribe Paspaleae J. Presl, 1830 Members of this tribe are morphologically disparate, with no obvious shared morphological character (Kellogg 2015b). Most species have a chromosome base number of x = 10 (Giussani et al. 2001). Axonopus P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 12, 154. 1812 Lectotype. Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. (Milium compressum Sw.). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 142. 1908; Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 24: 129. 1911. 208 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 583. Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 154, 167. 1812 Milium compressum Sw., Prodr. (Swartz). 24. 1788. Type: Jamaica; Swartz s.n. India orientalis Paspalum compressum (Sw.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 301. 1825 Paspalum platyculmum Thouars ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 24. 1829. Type: “Habitat in insula S. Mauritii.” Paspalum depressum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 20. 1853. Type: USA: Louisiana; F.X. von Hartmann 51(P). Paspalum filostachyum A. Rich. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 20. 1853. Type: West Indies; F.W. Sieber 365 (P). Paspalum guadaloupense Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 18. 1853. Type: Guadeloupe; Duchaissing s.n. (P). Paspalum platicaulon Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 5: 34. 1804 [as “platycaule” in IPNI] Type: “Cette espece a été recueillie a Porto Ricco, par le citoyen Ledru.” Puerto Rico; A.P. Ledrú s.n. (P-LAM). Anastrophus platycaulis (Poir.) Nash, Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 79, 1327. 1903 Digitaria platicaulis (Poir) Desv., Mém. Soc. Agric. Angers 62. 1831 Panicum platicaulon (Poir.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 363. 1898 (as “Platycaulon”) Paspalum raunkiaerii Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 60. 1917. Type: Antillarum insula St. Jan; Raunkiaer 1313 Paspalum tristachyon Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791. Type: “Ex America merid. Communic. D. Richard.” South America; L.C.M. Richard s.n. (P-LAM). Paspalum laticulmum Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 245. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Paspalum tristachyon. Agrostis compressa (Sw.) Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 259. 1810, non Axonopus compressa Willd., 1790 Digitaria domingensis Desv. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 49. 1833, non Roem. & Schult., 1817 Anastrophus compressus sensu Schltr. ex Döll., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 102. 1877, non Schltdl., 1850 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Kerala and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 209 584. Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm., Comiss. Linhas Telegr. Estratég. Matto Grosso Amazonas 67(11): 87. 1922 Paspalum fissifolium Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. [Raddi] 26. 1823 (as ‘‘Paspalus fissifolius’’). Type: Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara, s.d., G. Raddi s.n. (holotype, PI; isotypes, BM 678791, FI, FI fragm. in BAA 313, G, PI fragm. in US 2766195). Axonopus affinis A. Chase, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28: 180. f. 1–2. 1938. Type: USA: Mississippi: Waynesboro, in low moist ground, 2 Oct. 1896, T.H. Kearney 175. Distribution. Uttar Pradesh. Possibly naturalized; native to North America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Hildaea C. Silva & R.P. Oliveira, Molec. Phylog. Evol. 93: 229. 2015 Type. Hildaea pallens (Sw.) C. Silva & R.P. Oliveira (Panicum pallens Sw.). 585. Hildaea pallens (Sw.) C. Silva & R.P. Oliveira, Molec. Phylog. Evol. 93: 229. 2015. Panicum pallens Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 23. 1788. Lectotype: O.P. Swartz s.n.; Jamaica, designated by Stieber, Syst. Bot. 12: 203 (1987) Ichnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro ex Benth., Fl. Hongk. 414. 1861 Panicum vicinum F.M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. Fl. Suppl. 3: 82. 1890. Type: Australia: Queensland, Harvey Creek, headwaters of Russell River; Bailey 22 (BRI). Australia, Queensland, Harveys’s Creek, Russell River, on rich scrubland; Bailey s.n. (BRI). Ichnanthus vicinus (F.M. Bailey) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 20(4): 367–368. 1922 Panicum nitens Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 17: 8. 1904, non K. Schum., 1901. Type: Philippines: Province of Bataan, Luzon, Mount Mariveles; January 1, 1904; Merrill 3756 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Delhi, Kerala, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka], Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Pantropical. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Chorge et al. (2013) indicate that Hildaea. pallens var. majus (Nees) Stieber (as Ichnanthus pallens) is widely distributed in India and is synonymous with I. vicinus. Hildaea. pallens var. pallens is only recorded from the Andaman Islands; this variety is primarily neotropical with sporadic records from Southeast Asia. 210 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Hymenachne P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 48, 165. 1812 Lectotype. Hymenachne myuros (Lam.) P. Beauv. (Panicum myuros Lam. (“myruos”)) LT designated by L. K. G. Pfeiffer, Nom. 1: 1702. 1873. 586. Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 276. 1829 Panicum amplexicaule Rudge, Pl. Guian. 1: 21. t. 27. 1805. Type: Guianas; Rudge s.n. French Guiana; Martin s.n. Hymenachne pseudointerrupta Müll. Hal., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19(45): 333. 1861. Type: India orientalis, Bengalia et Malacca; Griffith s.n. Panicum myuros sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 39. 1896, non Lam., 1791 Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland, Gard. Bull. Singapore 20(4): 314. 1964 Panicum acutiglumum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 66. 1853. Type: Philippine Islands; Cuming 2287 (P). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Pantropical, possibly native to the Americas. Habit. Perennial. 587. Hymenachne assamica (Hook. f.) Hitchc., Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 222. 1931 (as “assamicum”) Panicum assamicum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 40. 1896. Syntypes: India: Assam; Masters s.n., Griffith s.n. Dacca; C.B. Clarke s.n. Distribution. Assam [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Zuloaga questions whether this species actually occurs in India. 588. Hymenachne aurita (J. Presl. ex Nees) Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 144. 1890 Panicum auritum J. Presl. ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 176. 1829. Lectotype: Philippines: “Luzon”; Haenke s.n. (PR). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 187. 1996 Sacciolepis aurita (J. Presl. ex Nees) E.G. Camus & A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 459. 1922 Checklist of the grasses of India 211 Panicum insulicolum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 78. 1853 (as “insulicola”). Type: Indonesia: Java, Sri Lanka Sacciolepis insulicola (Steud.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 3. 1947 Panicum javanum Nees ex Buse, Pl. Jungh. 376. 1854, non poir, 1816. Lectotype: Junghuhn s.n.(L-sh908.91-2190). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 187. 1996. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 589. Hymenachne panduranganii J. Remya & Geethakum., Nordic. J. Bot. 35(2): 201–204, f. 1–2. 2016. Type. India, Kerala, Wayanad district, Thirunelli, at 900 m a.s.l., 11 November 2014, Remya J 83272 (holotype: TBGT, isotypes: MH, CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial Paspalum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 855, 1359. 1759 Lectotype. Paspalum dimidiatum L., nom. illeg. (Panicum dissectum L., Paspalum dissectum (L.) L.). Designated by Nash in N. Amer. Fl. 17: 165. 1912; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 225. 1920. 590. Paspalum canarae (Steud.) Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 72. 1973 var. canarae Panicum canarae Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 58. 1853. Type: India: Canara Province; R.F. Hohenacker 635 Panicum compactum auct. non Roth ex Roem. & Schult., 1817: Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 12. 1896 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 212 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 591. Paspalum canarae (Steud.) Veldkamp var. fimbriatum (Bor) Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 72. 1973 Paspalum compactum Roth ex Roem. & Schult. var. fimbriatum Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 336. 1960. Type: India: Maharashtra, Bombay; Bole 305 (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). 592. Paspalum conjugatum P. J. Bergius, Acta Helv. Phys.-Math. 7: 129, t. 8. 1762 Paspalum ciliatum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 175. 1791. Type: French Guiana; D. LeBlond s.n. (P-LAM). Paspalum longissimum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 19. 1853. Type: Surinam: in districtu Surinamense Para; February-April, 1844; A. Kappler 1556 (P). Paspalum renggeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 17. 1853. Type: Paraguay; J.R. Rengger s.n. (P). Paspalum bicrurum Saltzm. ex Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 55. 1877, nom. nud. cited as synonym of Paspalum conjugatum. Paspalum ciliatifolium sensu Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 340. 1834, non Michx., 1803. Paspalum hirsutum sensu Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 5: 28. 1804, non Retz. 1781. Type. “Habitat in Surinamo.” France: Surinam; Rolander in Herb. Bergius 36(SBT). LT designated by de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 30: 290. 1985 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 593. Paspalum dilatatum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 5: 35. 1804 Type. “Cette plante a été recueillie a Buenos-Ayres par Commerson.” Argentina: Buenos Aires; P. Commerson s.n. (P-LAM). Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Native to South America, introduced to North America, Europe and Aisa. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 213 Remarks. Records for Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 594. Paspalum distichum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 855. 1759. Paspalum paspalodes (Michx.) Scribn., Mem. Torrey. Bot. Club 5(3): 29. 1894 (as “paspaloides”) Digitaria paspalodes Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 46. 1803. Type: USA: “in pascuis aridis juxta Charslton”; Michaux s.n.(P-MICH). Type. “Habitat [in Jamaica.]” LT: P. Browne s.n.; ; Jamaica (LINN-75.9, second fertile culm from the left) LT designated by Guedes, Taxon 25: 513 (1976), and earlier discussed by Jovet & Guedes, Taxon 21: 546 (1972); formally ruled on by Nom. Comm., Taxon 32: 281 (1983). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Pakistan]. Pantropical. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. This species is often confused with P. vaginatum. Taxonomic editor Zuloaga notes that “Bor (1960) cited P. distichum in India and Pakistan, and included in the species several synonyms. Also he correctly differentiated P. distichum from P. vaginatum by a hairy upper glume in the former species.” Zuloaga concludes that it is likely that P. distichum is present in India. 595. Paspalum longifolium Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 283. 1820 var. longifolium Paspalum scrobiculatum var. longifolium (Roxb.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 85: 288. 1915 Type. “Of what country this is a native is uncertain. It appeared in the Botanic Garden in 1807.” India, Cult.; Roxburgh s.n. (BM). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records from Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Uttar Pradesh, and Nepal fide Naithani (1990). 214 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 596. Paspalum longifolium Roxb. var. lorirhachis Bor, Fl. Assam 5: 253. 1940 Type. India: Assam, Bhomraguri, Darrang; N.L. Bor 78485 (DD). Distribution. Assam. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Assam fide Naithani (1990). 597. Paspalum notatum Fluegge, Gram. Monogr., Paspalum 106. 1810 (as “Paspalus notatus”) Paspalum taphrophyllum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 19. 1853. Type: Martinica; F.W. Sieber 365 (L). Type. West Indies: Virgin Islands, St. Thomas; 1802; Ventenat s.n. (B). Distribution. India. Native to North and South America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 598. Paspalum plicatulum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 45. 1803 Panicum plicatulum (Michx.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3: 363. 1898 Paspalum antillense Husn., Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie ser. 2, 5: 260. 1870. Type: “Alt. 640–1300 ft.-Bords des chemins-Route de la Basse-Terre au camp Jacob (Gaud.)” Guadeloupe; P.T. Husnot 76 (US-2854152 (fragm. ex BR)). Paspalum atrocarpum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 25. 1853. Type: “Ex. Hrbo. Urville sine loco natali.” Paspalum montevidense Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 246. 1824 (“1825”). Type: Uruguay: Montevideo; F. Sellow 670 Paspalum multiflorum Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 58. 1831.Type: “Crescit in Brasilio.” (P). Paspalum tenue Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 26. 1829 Paspalum undulatum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 5: 29. 1804. Type: “Cette plante croit a Porto-Ricco per le citoyen Ledru.” Puerto Rico; A.P. Ledrú s.n. (P-LAM). Paspalum campestre Schlecht., Linnaea 26: 131. 1853, non Trin., 1834 Paspalum gracile Leconte, J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 91: 285. 1820, non Rudge, 1805. Type: America: Georgia Paspalum plicatum sensu Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 86. 1805 Michx., 1803 Paspalum marginatum sensu Spreng. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 272. 1841, non Trin., 1826 Type. USA: “Hab. in Georgia et Florida”; Michaux s.n. (P). Checklist of the grasses of India 215 Distribution. India [China]. Naturalized. Native to tropical North and South America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 599. Paspalum scrobiculatum L., Mant. Pl. 29. 1767 var. scrobiculatum Paspalum cartilagineum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 216. 1830. Type: “Habitat in insula Luzonia ad Sorzogon, in Marianis” Lectotype: Philippines: Luzon, Sorzogon; 1792; Haenke s.n. (PR). (vide de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 30 305. 1985). Paspalum commersonii Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 175. t. 43. f. 1. 1791 (as “commerson”). Type: “Lieu nat. I’Isle de France.” Mauritius; P. Commerson s.n. (P-LAM). Paspalum orbiculare G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. 7. 1786. Type: Society Islands; Forster s.n.(GOET). Paspalum kora Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 332. 1797, nom. superfl. & illeg. for P. orbiculare Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. bispicatum Hack., Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 20:146. 1914. Type. “Habitat in India orientali.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 79.4 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Kew Bull. 30: 101. 1975. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Assam and Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). 600. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. auriculatum (J. Presl) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl. 5): 345. 1906 Paspalum auriculatum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 217. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Luzonia ad Sorzogon” Lectotype: Philippines: Luzon, Sorzogon; Haenke s.n. (the 3 right-hand side specimens) (PR). (vide de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 30: 304. 1985). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [also in the Philippines]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Zuloaga notes that this taxon is native in other parts of Asia but might be naturalized or only cultivated in parts of India. 216 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 601. Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. horneri (Henrard) de Konnig & Sosef, Blumea 30(2): 307. f. 7B. 1985 Paspalum horneri Henrard, Blumea 1(2): 306. f. 2. 1935. Type: Sumatra: Prairien; Horner s.n. (L). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam [also in Indonesia]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Assam fide Naithani (1990). 602. Paspalum thunbergii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1(2): 25, no. 80. 1829 Paspalum scrobiculatum var. thunbergii (Kunth) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 10: 60. 1896 Paspalum dissectum sensu Thunb., Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) 45. 1784, non. (L.) L., 1762 Paspalum thunbergii Kunth ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2(2): 273. 1841, isonym Distribution. Sikkim, West Bengal [Bhutan, China]. Habit. Perennial. 603. Paspalum urvillei Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 24. 1853 Paspalum dilatatum Poir. var. parviflorum Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 64. 1877. Syntypes: Brazil: Lagoa Santa; E. Warming s.n. (BR). Brazil: prope Pernambuco; Forsell s.n. Uruguay: Montevideo; Sello s.n. Rio de Janerio; Glaziou 477 Paspalum larranagae Arechav., Ann. Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 60 (reprint 68), t. 2. 1894 (as “larranagai”). Type: Uruguay: Salto, terrenos bajos humedos, viñedo de Harrigue, y en la Vitícola Saltena; March, 1894; Arechavaleta 207 (MVM) Paspalum ovatum Nees ex Trin. var. parviflorum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 43. 1829 (as “parviflorus”). Type: Uruguay: Montevideo; Sellow s.n. Paspalum velutinum Trin. ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 43. 1829, nom. nud., pro syn. Type. Brazil; 1825; J.S.C. Dumont de Urville s.n. (P). Distribution. India [China, Sri Lanka]. Native to South America; naturalized in North America, Europe, and Asia. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. Checklist of the grasses of India 217 604. Paspalum vaginatum Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 21. 1788 (as “Paspatum”) Paspalum distichum L. var. vaginatum (Sw.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. (Grisebach) 541. 1864 Sanguinaria vaginata (Sw.) Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 4: 258. 1901 Digitaria foliosa Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. (Lagasca) 4. 1816. Type: Cuba: “Habitat in Havana, ubi legit D. Balth. Boldo” (MA). Paspalum foliosum (Lag.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 25. 1829 Paspalum inflatum A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba 11: 298. 1850. Type: Cuba: La Habana; R. de la Sagra s.n. (P). Paspalum brachiatum Trin. ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 62. 1829, nom. nud. pro. syn. Type. Jamaica; Swartz s.n. (S). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Pantropical. Habit. Perennial. Tribe Paniceae R. Br., 1814 Members of this tribe are morphologically disparate, with no obvious shared morphological character (Kellogg 2015b; Zuloaga 1987; Zuloaga and Soderstom 1985). Most species have a chromosome base number of x=9 (Giussani et al. 2001). Taxonomic editors for Paniceae: Fernando Zuloaga, P. (Parigi) Venkateswara Prasanna and Alok R. Chorghe. Acroceras Stapf, Fl. Trop. Africa 9: 621. 1920 Lectotype. Acroceras oryzoides (Sw.) Stapf (Panicum oryzoides Sw. 1788, non Arduino 1764), = Acroceras zizanioides. LT designated by E. Phillips in Gen. S. Afr. Fl. Pl. ed. 2., 103. 1951. 605. Acroceras munroanum (Balansa) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 444–445. 1940 Panicum munroanum Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(7): 140. 1890. Type: Sri Lanka; 1857; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3244 Panicum crassiapiculatum Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl. 5): 356. 1906. Type: Malaya Peninsula, Goping; King’s Collector s.n. Acroceras crassiapiculatum (Merr.) Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 324. 1931 218 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Panicum ridleyi Hack. ex Ridl., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. Ser. 2. 3: 400. 1893, nom. nud. Panicum latifolium sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 39. 1896, non L., 1753 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 606. Acroceras tonkinense (Balansa) C.E. Hubb. ex Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 78. 1938 Panicum tonkinense Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(7): 140. 1890. Syntypes: Vietnam: TuPhap, Ouonbi; May, 1887; Balansa 1646. Vietnam; Sepember 12, 1885; Balansa 442 Neohusnotia tonkinensis (Balansa) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26: 664. 1920 Panicum latifolium L. var. majus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 39. 1896. Type: Malay Peninsula: Goping; King’s Collector s.n. Distribution. Assam [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 607. Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 54. 1931 Panicum zizanioides Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 100 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: Colombia; Humboldt & Bonpland 1606 (B). “Crescit in calidissimis regni Novogranatensis, in ripa fluminis Magdalenae, inter Borjorque et Los Paxarales de Sogamozo, alt. 130 hexap.” Acroceras oryzoides Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 622. 1920 Panicum balbisianum Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 254. 1824. Type: “In S. Domingo. D. Bertero, Panicum aturense Herb. Balbis n. 2578.” Panicum lutetense K. Schum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 332. 1897. Type: Zaire: Congogebiet, Lutete, Gebusch, Bachufern, alt. 16000 ft.; Hens 194 (K). Panicum ogowense Franch., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 344–345. 1895. Syntypes: Congo Francais: “Region de l’Ogooué; Thollon 727, Thollon 832.” Congo belge: à Lutèté; Fr. Hens 194 Panicum pseudoryzoides Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 75. 1853. Type: Bahia Panicum oryzoides Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 23. 1788, non Ard., 1764. Type: Jamaica; Swartz s.n. Panicum latifolium sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 39. 1896, p.p., non L., 1753 Checklist of the grasses of India 219 Distribution. Assam [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. The taxonomic editors note that it is unclear if this species is naturalized (given the large number of New World species in the synonymy), cultivated, or native. Alloteropsis J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 343. 1830 Type. Alloteropsis distachya J. Presl. 608. Alloteropsis cimicina (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 487. 1919 Milium cimicinum L., Mant. Pl. Altera 184. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Malabariae et oppidi Johannis plateis. Koenig. 55.” Neotype: Herb. Linn. No. 83.2 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 617. 1982. Axonopus cimicinus (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 154. 1812. Panicum cimicinum (L.) Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 9. 1783. Urochloa cimicina (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 31. 1829 Coridochloa cimicina (L.) Nees ex A. Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24:129. 1911 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 609. Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 210. 1909 var. semialata Panicum semialatum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 192. 1810. Type: Australia: “Littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum”; R. Brown 6101(BM) Oplismenus semialatus (R. Br.) Desv., Mém. Soc. Agric. Angers 1: 185. 1831. Urochloa semialata (R. Br.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 31. 1829 Axonopus semialatus (R. Br.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 64. 1896, p.p. Arundinella schultzii Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 545. 1878. Type: Australia, North Australia, Port Darwin; Schultz 31 Holosetum philippicum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 118. 1854. Type: Philippines: Luzon, Cagayan, Cagayan; H. Cuming 1363 (L). Philippines: Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Nueva Ecija; H. Cuming 1414 (L). 220 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 610. Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc. var. eckloniana (Nees) C.E. Hubb. ex Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 277. 1960 Panicum semialatum R. Br. var. ecklonianum (Nees) Hack. ex T. Durand. & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 764. 1894 Axonopus semialatus (R. Br.) Hook. f. var. ecklonii (Nees) Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 418. 1899. Bluffia eckloniana Nees, Del. Sem. Hort. Hamburg. 1834: 8. 1834. Type: “Semina ex America septentrionali sine nomine accepimus.” Alloteropsis eckloniana (Nees) Hitchc., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 128. 1916. Distribution. Kerala, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Uttar Pradesh [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. All records other than that for Kerala fide Naithani (1990). 611. Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc. var. viatica (Griff.) Ellis & Karthik., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 13(3–4): 175. 1974 (“1971”) Aira viatica Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 54. 1851. Type: India: Churra Punjee; October 18, 1835; It. ass. 178 Axonopus semialatus (R. Br.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 64. 1896, p.p., excluding type Distribution. Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. All records for India fide Naithani (1990). Cenchrus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753 Lectotype. Cenchrus echinatus L. LT designated by Green in Prop. Brit. Bot. 193. 1929. 612. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford), n.s. 106: 127. 2010 Panicum americanum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 56. 1753. Type: “Habitat in America.” Lectotype = “Panicum Americanum” in Clusius, Rar. Pl. Hist., 2: 215, 215, 1601. LT des- Checklist of the grasses of India 221 ignated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 672. 1982. Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas B: 51. t. 4. 1895. Alopecurus typhoides Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 27. 1768. Type: “Gramen alopecuroides, spica maxima Indiae orientalis. Plukn. Almag. 174. t. 32. f. 4” Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.f.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 271. 1933. Pennisetum typhoideum L.C. Rich., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 72. 1805, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Holcus spicatus. Panicum glaucum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 56. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Indiis.” Lectotype: Herb. Hermann 3: 17, No. 44 (BM-000621854). LT designated by Rauschert in Feddes Repert. 83: 662. 1973. Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 195. 1810 Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 169, 178. 1812. Penicillaria cylindrica Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 498. 1817, p.p. Type: “In India orient., et promont. b. spei.” Pennisetum americanum sensu (L.) Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 52. 1907, non (L.) K. Schum., 1895 Pennisetum spicatum (L.) Körn., Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 284. 1885, non Roem. & Schult., 1817 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China]. Widely cultivated. Habit. Annual. 613. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 238–239. 1820 Cenchrus annularis Andersson, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 553. 1864. Type: “Standort auf sandigen trocknen und feuchten Feldern, auf Tertiarkalkformation, auf den Querimbainseln und dem gegenuberliegenden Festlande, 10–13 S.B. Im Mai und Juni Eingesammelt.” Cenchrus barbatus Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 43. 1827. Type: Ghana: Guinea; P. Thonning s.n. Cenchrus catharticus Delile, Index Seminum Hort. Reg. Bot. Monspel. 2. 1844, nom. nud. Type. India: dry elevated parts of the Coromandel coast; Roxburgh s.n. (BM). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 222 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 614. Cenchrus ciliaris L., Mant. Pl. Altera 302. 1771 Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 213. 1827 Cenchrus longifolius Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 109. 1854. Type: Nubia: Ad montem Cordofanum Arasch-Cool inter frutices; October 16, 1839; Kotschy 190 Pennisetum cenchroides Rich., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 72. 1805. Pennisetum incomptum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 105. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle herb. 55 Pennisetum petraeum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 106. 1854. Type: “Hochst. hrbr. un. it. arab. nr. 153.” “P. refescens Hochst. Kotschy hrb. nr. 170, Arb. petr. Persia.” Setaria vulpina P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 171, 178. 1812 Panicum vulpinum Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1: 1031. 1809, non L., 1753 Pennisetum rufescens Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 106. in syn., non (Desf.) Spreng., 1825 Cenchrus glaucus Mudaliar & Sundararaj, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54: 926. 1958. Type: India: Coimbatore, Agricultural College; D.D. Sundararaj 93840a (MH). Type. “Habitat ad. Cap. b. spei margines agrorum et in dunis. Koenig.” Lectotype: Koenig s.n., Herb. Linn. No. 1217.9 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 691. 1982. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. See also DeLisle (1962). 615. Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 127. 2010 Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8(1): 41, t. 5, f. 2. 1903. Type: “In Abyssinia legit W. Schimper no. 2084.” Ethiopia; Schimper 2084 (FI). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [also in Ethiopia]. Habit. Perennial. 616. Cenchrus compressus (R. Br.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 127. 2010 Pennisetum compressum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 195. 1810 Checklist of the grasses of India 223 Panicum alopecuroides L., Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753. Type: “Habitat in China.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.1 (LINN). LT designated by Veldkamp in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 253. 2000 Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 303. 1824 (“1825”) Penicillaria alopecuroides (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 440. 1826 Alopecurus indicus L., Syst. Veg. ed. 13: 92. 1774, nom.superfl. & illeg. Pennisetum villosum R. Br. ex Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 2: 134. 1837. Type: Ethiopia; H. Salt s.n. Cenchrus villosus (R. Br. ex Fresen.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 347. 1898, non Spreng., 1824 Pennisetum longistylum sensu E. Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre ed. 1: 599. 1863, non Hochst., 1851 Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar]. Naturalized. Native to East Africa. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Author Kailash notes that “According to the USDA-GRIN, Cenchrus purpurascens Thunb. (in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2:329. 1794) is the correct name for this species.” 617. Cenchrus divisus (Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel.) Verloove, Govaerts & Buttler, Phytotaxa 181(1): 59. 2014 Panicum divisum Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis]. 2: 156. 1791. Type: Arabia; Forsskal s.n. (C). Pennisetum divisum (Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel.) Henrard, Blumea 3(1): 162. 1938, in obs. Panicum dichotomum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 20. 1775, non L., 1753. Type: “Abrab Tummdm. Ubique in campis Arabiae. Fimul cum Panico Bockar.” Pennisetum dichotomum Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2: 15, t. 8, f.1. 1813–1814 Pennisetum elatum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 106. 1854. Type: Arabia; Herb. un.it. arab. 308 Gymnotrix longiglumis Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 85. 1896, nom. nud. Cenchrus ramosissimus Poiret in Lam., Encycl. 6: 51. 1804. Type. “Cette plante croit in Egypte”, V.S. in herb. Lam. Distribution. Gujarat [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. See also Verloove (2012). 224 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 618. Cenchrus echinatus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1050. 1753 Cenchrus brevisetus E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 50. 1886. Type: Mexico: Veracruz, Valle de Orizaba; no date; Schafn no. 198 in Bourgeau 3140 (US-978731 (fragm. ex LE)). Nicaragua; P. Levy 235 Cenchrus pungens Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 115 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit locis calidis, planis, subinundatis regni Peruviani prope Guayaquil.” Ecuador: Guayaquil; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.(P). Cenchrus viridis Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 301. 1824 (“1825”). Type: Guadeloupe; 1817–1819; Bertero s.n. (B). Type. “Habitat in Jamaica, Curassao.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 912.356116 (L). LT designated by Veldkamp in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 31. 1993. Distribution. Kerala [China]. Naturalized. Native to North and South America. Habit. Annual. 619. Cenchrus flaccidus (Griseb.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 86. 1868. Type: India: Kashmir, Ladak, Nubra, alt. 9000–13000 ft.; Thomson s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanisthan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 620. Cenchrus hohenackeri (Hochst. ex Steud.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 Pennisetum hohenackeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 103. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgherry Mountains; 1851; R.F. Hohenacker 930 Pennisetum alopecuros Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 102. 1854, non J. Jacq., 1844. Type: India; Wight s.n. as Gymnotrix cenchroides. Rottler s.n. as Cenchrus hordeiformis. Pennisetum aureum sensu Dalzell & A. Gibson., Bombay Fl. 294. 1861, non Link, 1827. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 225 621. Cenchrus hordeoides (Lam.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 Panicum hordeoides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1(1): 170. 1791. Type: “E. Siera Leona, Smeathm.” Pennisetum hordeoides (Lam.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 103. 1854 Gymnotrix hordeoides (Lam.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 48. 1829 (as “Gumnothrix”) Cenchrus parviflorus Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 6: 52. 1804. Type: “Cette plante croit a Porto-Ricco. Elle a été communiquée a M. Lamarck par M. Ventenat.” Puerto Rico; M. Ventenat s.n. (P). Pennisetum parviflorum (Poir.) Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 65. 1826 Pennisetum antillarum (Poir.) Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 76. 1831 Saccharum antillarum (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 877. 1817. Setaria antillarum (Poir.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 46. 1829 Pennisetum imberbe Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 21: 181. 1852, isonym. Type: [India]: “Found at Gurhrampur, November.” Distribution. Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan. Naturalized. Habit. Annual. 622. Cenchrus lanatus (Klotzsch) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 Pennisetum lanatum Klotzsch, Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar 65. t. 99. 1862. Type: “Beide Formen werden im Suden von Europa haufig angebaut.” “Prinzen Waldemar auf Ceylon, dem Himalaya und an den Grenzen von Tibet gesammelte Pflanzen.” Pennisetum nepalense sensu Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 86. 1868, non Spreng., 1825 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 623. Cenchrus mezianus (Leeke) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 Pennisetum mezianum Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 39. 1907. Type: “Ostafrika, Somaliland, Brit-Ostafrika, Deutsch-Ostafrika.” Pennisetum brachystachyum Hack., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 55: 233. 1910. Type: [Africa] “Britisch-Ostafricka”: Makindu River; April 14, 1902; Kassner 584 (US). 226 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Pennisetum massaicum Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 82. 1906, p.p. Type: British East Africa: Kikumbuliu; Scott Elliot 6292. Makindu; Kassner 584, Linton 72. Baringo; 3400 ft.; Johnston s.n. Distribution. India [also in Africa]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 624. Cenchrus orientalis (Rich.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 Pennisetum orientale Rich., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 72. 1805. Type: “Hab. in Oriente.” Panicum orientale (Rich.) Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 2: 1031. 1809. Type: “Habitat in Galatia.” Pennisetum fasciculatum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(1–2): 181. 1834. Type: “V. ssp. Pers. et e monte Sinai.” Pennisetum orientale Rich. var. triflorum (Nees ex Steud.) Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 86. 1896 Pennisetum triflorum Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 107. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 59 Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Not recorded. 625. Cenchrus pedicellatus (Trin.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 128. 2010 Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 184. 1834. Type: Cape Verde Islands, St. Iago; D. Peters s.n. (LE-TRIN-1101.01). Eriochaeta densiflora Fig. & de Not., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 14: 376. t. 31. 1854. Type: Africa: “In Nubia superiore iisdem locis ac praecedens.” Pennisetum densiflorum (Fig. & De Not.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 778. 1894. Eriochaeta reversa Fig. & De Not., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 14: 378. t. 32. 1854. Type: Africa: “In nubia superiore cum praecedentibus.” Eriochaeta secundiflora Fig. & De Not., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 14: 375. t. 30. 1854. Type: Africa: “In Nubiae superiois regione Kordofan.” Pennisetum secundiflorum (Fig. & De Not.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 784. 1894 Checklist of the grasses of India 227 Pennisetum amoenum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 386. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescti circa Aderbati, mense Septembre (Quartin Dillon, Schimper).” Ethiopia: crescit circa Aderbati; Schimper 641 (P). Ethiopia: crescit circa Aderbati; Quartin Dillon s.n. (P). Pennisetum araneosum Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 21: 180. 1852. Pennisetum implicatum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 107. 1854. Type: “Leprieur legit in Senegambria”; Leprieur s.n. Pennisetum intertextum Schlecht., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 9: 878. 1851. Type: [Africa: Cape Verde Is.]: “An den Seiten der Thaler zwischen Steinen auf der Insel Mayo”; C. Pabst s.n. Pennisetum notarisii T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 781. 1894 Pennisetum dillonii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 107. 1854, in obs., nom. nud. (as “dilloni”). Type: “Prov. Chire. Abyssin.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Annual. 626. Cenchrus pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 109. 1854 Pennisetum pennisetiforme (Hochst. & Steud.) Wipff, Sida 19(3): 527. 2001. Cenchrus aequiglumis Chiov., Agron. Colon. 20: 108. 1926. Type: Africa “Flora Somala Transjuliense. racoolte dal Dr. Pompeo Gorini nel 1925.” Pennisetum cenchroides Rich. var. echinoides Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 88–89. 1896 Cenchrus echinoides Wight ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 317. 1840, nom. nud. Cenchrus lappaceus Tausch, Flora 20: 97. 1837, nom. Later hom., non L., 1763 Type. Saudi Arabia: Jedda, in deserto prope oppid. Deschedda; January 28, 1836; G.H.W. Schimper 973 (P). LT designated by Wipff in Sida 19: 527. 2001. Distribution. Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual or perennial. 627. Cenchrus polystachios (L.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 129. 2010 Panicum polystachion L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 870. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in India.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 82. 1762.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.4 (LINN). LT designated by van der Zon in Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pap. 92-1: 335. 1992. 228 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 146. 1824 (as “polystachyum”). Panicum barbatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 285. 1820, non Lam. 1791. Type: India: Collected from Sumatra and seed grown in Royal Botanical Garden, Calcutta. Panicum triticoides Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 274. 1816. Type: “J’ignore le lieu natal de cette plante. (Herb. Desfontaine).” Pennisetum triticoides (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 877. 1817. Type: Herb. Desfontaine. Panicum densispica Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 273. 1816, nom. superfl & illeg. for P. cenchroides A. Rich. Pennisetum pedicellatum sensu Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 155. 1956, non Trin., 1834 Panicum cauda-ratti Schumach., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk. Math. Afh. 3: 79. 1827. Type: Ghana; Thonning s.n. Pennisetum cauda-ratti (Schumach.) Franch., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 365. 1895 Pennisetum amethystinum P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 172 1812, nom. nud. Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 72. 1805. Cenchrus setosus Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 26. 1788. Type: India orientalis; Swartz s.n. (S). Gymnotrix geniculata Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 284. 1824 (as “Gymnothrix”). Type: “In martinica, Hortul”; D. Sieber s.n. Panicum cenchroides Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 106. 1792. Type: French Guiana: “E Cayenna missarum a Domino Le Blond”; LeBlond s.n. (P). Setaria cenchroides (Rich.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 495. 1817. Panicum erubescens Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 2: 1031. 1809. Type: “Habitat in insula St. Thomae Americes.” Setaria erubescens (Willd.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 169, 178. 1812 Pennisetum flavescens J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 316. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Mexico.” Mexico; Haenke s.n. (PR) Pennisetum hamiltonii Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 297. 1841 Pennisetum hirsutum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 284. 1829 Pennisetum nicaraguense E. Fourn., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 27: 293. 1880. Type: Nicaragua: circa Granada; P. Levy 1304 (P). Pennisetum pallidum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 285. 1829. Type: Brasilia: “Habitat in apricis praeruptis graminibus parcis obsitis ad latera montium de Mentanha et Itambé, districtus adamantini, provincae Minarum generalium”; Martius s.n. (M). Pennisetum purpurascens Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 113 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in aridis, devexis montis ignivomi Mexicani, Volcan de Jorullo, alt 420 hexapodarum.” Mexico: Volcán de Jorullo, alt. 420 ft.; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P). Pennisetum richardii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 49. 1829 (as “richardi”) Checklist of the grasses of India 229 Pennisetum uniflorum Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 114 (ed. qto.). t. 34. 1816. Type: “Crescit locis subtemperatis, planis Prov. Novae Andalusiae, juxta Cumanacoa”; Humboldt & Humboldt s.n. Pennisetum alopecuroides Desv. ex Ham., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. (Hamilton) 11. 1825, nom. later hom. & illeg., non (L.) Spreng., 1824. Pennisetum erubescens (Willd.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 215. 1827, non Desv. ex Ham., 1825 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Annual. 628. Cenchrus prieurii (Kunth) Maire, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat, ser. 2, 3: 523. 1931 var. prieurii (as “prieuri”) Cenchrus macrostachyus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 109. 1854. Type: Sudan: Kurdofan, Ad Pagum Cordofanum Abu-Gerad in Collobus Arenosis; September 18, 1839; K.G.T. Kotschy 4 Pennisetum breviflorum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 107. 1854. Type: “Leprieur legit in Senegambia”; Leprieur s.n. Pennisetum prieurii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 411. t. 119. 1831. Type: “Crescit in senegambia, collibus arenosis”; Leprieur s.n. Distribution. Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 629. Cenchrus prieurii (Kunth) Maire var. scabra Bhandari, Fl. Ind. Desert 395. 1978 Type. India: Rajasthan, Jodhpur, Massuria; December 6, 1960; M.M. Bhandari 793 (JAC). Distribution. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990). 630. Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 196: 129. 2010 Pennisetum purpureum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 44. 1827. Type: Ghana: Guinea; Thonning 355 (C). 230 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Gymnotrix nitens Andersson, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 552. 1864 (as “Gymnothrix”). Type: “Standort, Auf trocknen sandigen oder in der Nahe sumpfiger Wiesen der Halbinsel Cabaceira 15 S.B. Eingesammelt in Mai, auch an anderen orten ahnlichen Bodens vokommend.” Pennisetum nitens (Andersson) Hack., Bol. Soc. Brot. 6: 142. 1888 Pennisetum benthamii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 105. 1854 (as “benthami”). Type: “P. Macrostachyum Benth. in Hook. Nig. Fl. 563. (non Trin. 1834) Fernando Po, Guinea.” Pennisetum flavicomum Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 45. 1907. Type: “Agyprischer Sudan: Kordofan.” Pennisetum flexispica K. Schum., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 105. 1895. Type: “Si-Stuhlm. Coll. I, n. 1099”. Pennisetum pallescens Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 47. 1907. Type: “Westafrika: Togo”. Pennisetum pruinosum Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 46. 1907. Type: Ostafrika, Einheimischer Name, “Magugu” Pennisetum macrostachyum Benth., Niger Fl. 563. 1849, nom. Later hom. & illeg., non Pennisetum macrostachys (Brongn.) Trin., 1834 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Perennial. 631. Cenchrus rajasthanensis Kanodia & P.C. Nanda, Geobios (Jodhpur) 5(4): 157. f. 1. 1978 Distribution. Rajasthan. Habit. Not recorded. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 632. Cenchrus ramosus (Hochst.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) n.s., 106: 129. 2010 Gymnotrix ramosa Hochst., Flora 27: 252. 1844 (as “Gymnothrix”). Type: Aethiopica: Sennar Province; Kotschyi 199. Pennisetum ramosum (Hochst.) Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 301. 1867. Pennisetum arvense Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 119. 1901. Type: Ethiopia: “auf trockenen Bergrucken in der sonst sumpfigen Ebene, Dembea, 5800 ft.”; October 1863; Schimper 1399. Ethiopia: “in Sumpfen bei Hamedo” 4500 ft.; September 1862; Schimper 1058. Checklist of the grasses of India 231 Pennisetum ovale Rupr. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 104. 1854. Type: Ethiopia: Nubia; Ruprecht. (In Kotschy fl. ath. 199) Distribution. India [also in Africa]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 633. Cenchrus setigerus Vahl, Enum. Pl. (Vahl) 2: 395. 1805 Cenchrus biflorus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 89. 1896, non Roxb., 1820 Cenchrus bulbifer Hochst. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 448. 1884, nom. nud. pro. syn. Cenchrus uniflorus Ehrenb. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 448. 1884, nom. nud. pro. syn. Pennisetum vahlii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 49. 1829, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Cenchrus setigerus Vahl Type. “Habitat in Arabia. Forskal.” Saudi Arabia; Forsskal s.n. (C). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Cyrtococcum Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 15. 1917, 9: 745. 1920 Lectotype. Cyrtococcum setigerum (P. Beauv.) Stapf (Panicum setigerum P. Beauv.) LT designated by F. W. Gould in R. A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 3: 121. 1979. 634. Cyrtococcum accrescens (Trin.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3096. 1922 Panicum accrescens Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1(8): t. 88. 1827. Type: “Figura ad specimen nepalense.” Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus var. latifolium (Honda) Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11(1): 47–48. 1942. Panicum patens L. f. latifolium Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 25. 1923. Type: China: Taiwan, Liukiu, Onnah; 1899; K. Miyake s.n. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odish, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal]. 232 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Habit. Not recorded. Remarks. Distribution in Karnataka, Nagaland, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 635. Cyrtococcum deccanense Bor, Kew Bull. 1956: 255–256. 1956 Panicum patens sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 57. 1896, non L., 1753 Type. Sri Lanka: Hakgala, gully near Botanical Garden; 6000 ft.; December 30, 1950; F. Ballard 1341 (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records from Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 636. Cyrtococcum longipes (Wight & Arn. ex Hook. f.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 118. 1921. Panicum longipes Wight & Arn. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 58. 1896. Syntypes: India: Nilghiri and Pulney Hills; Heyne (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8741). Wight & Arn (Wight Cat. no. 1638). Karkun Ghar, alt. 2000 ft.; Lawson s.n. Cyrtococcum patens sensu Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 120. 1956, non (L.) A. Camus, 1921 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 637. Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3096. 1922. Panicum oxyphyllum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 65. 1853. Type: India: Canara; R.F. Hohenacker 627 Panicum hermaphroditum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 67. 1853. Type: Philippines; Cuming no. 554 Panicum pilipes Nees & Arn. ex Buse, Pl. Jungh. 376. 1854. Type: “Habitat insulae Javae sylvas in sinu Wijnkoopsbaai, Junghuhn.” Indonesia: Java; Cuming 554 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Sri Lanka]. Checklist of the grasses of India 233 Habit. Annual. 638. Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 118. 1921 Panicum patens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 58. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India; similis e Lusitania.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.63 (LINN). LT designated by Mitra & Jain in Manilal (ed.), Bot. Hist. Hort. Malabaricus 151. 1980. Panicum muricatum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 18. 1786–1787. Type: “Misit Cel. Koenig.” Cyrtococcum muricatum (Retz.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan. 291. 1960. Panicum radicans Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 18. 1786–1787. Type: “Ad Canton Lectum dadit Honor. Wennerberg.” Neotype: Philippines: Luzon, Rizal, Manila; December, 1914; F. Blanco 711(L). Cyrtococcum radicans (Retz.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3096. 1922 Panicum schmidtii Hack., Bot. Tidsskr. 24: 99. 1901. Type: Thailand: Tratpron, Kohchang Island, plains near Klong Munsé; 1899; c.i. s.n. Cyrtococcum schmidtii (Hack.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 436. 1940. Panicum carinatum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 309. 1830. Type: “Habitat in insula Luzonia ad Sorzogon.” Philippine Islands: Luzon, Sorzogon; Haenke s.n. (PR) Panicum obliquum Roth ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 433. 1817 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 639. Cyrtococcum trigonum (Retz.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 118. 1921 Panicum trigonum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 9. 1783. Type: India; Koenig s.n. (LD). “Specimina javanica melius conceniunt cum Rumph. quam cum Rheed. figura cujus folia longiora.” Panicum difforme Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 433. 1817. Type: India orientalis; “Roth, nov. plant. spec. mss” cited Panicum patens sensu Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 26. t. 10. f. 3. 1768, non L., 1753 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 234 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Digitaria Haller f., Hist. Stirp. Helv. 2: 244. 1768, nom. cons. Type. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scopoli (Panicum sanguinale L.) (type cons.). 640. Digitaria abludens (Roem. & Schult.) Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 53–55 f. 11d. 12. 1973 Panicum abludens Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 457. 1817. Type: India; Heyne s.n. (B). “Pancium paradoxum Roth, nov. plant. Spec. Ms. ..” Digitaria granularis (Trin.) Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 302. 1950 Paspalum granulare Trin. in Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 47. 1821. Type: “Hab. In India Orientali.” Koenig sub Milium setaceum in Herb. Trin ex Herb. Banks ex Herb. Jacquin (LE). Digitaria pedicellaris Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 1182. 1903, nom. superfl. Paspalum pedicellare Trin. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 19. 1896, nom. superfl. for Paspalum granulare Trin. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 641. Digitaria abyssinica (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 213. 1907 Panicum abyssinicum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 360. 1850–1851. Type: Ethiopia: “in fruticetis opacis ad radices septrionales montis scholoda”; September 22, 1837; W. Schimper U. I. 1840 Sect. primo 82 (P). Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 642. Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 470. 1817 Paspalum bicorne Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791. Type: “Lieu nat. I’Inde.” India; Sonnerat in Herb. Lamarck (P-LAM). Panicum bicorne (Lam.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 83. 1833. Digitaria barbata Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1: 91. 1809. Type: “Habitat in India Orientali”; Herb. Desvaux s.n. (P). Checklist of the grasses of India 235 Digitaria rottleri Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 471. 1817. Type: India; Rottler s.n. Panicum heteranthum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 16. 1896, non Link, 1827, nom illeg., later hom. Panicum barbatum (Willd.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 33. 1829, non Lam., 1791 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 643. Digitaria biformis Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1: 92. 1809 Panicum biforme (Willd.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 33. 1829. Panicum sanguinale L. var. biforme (Willd.) Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 762. 1894 Type. “Habitat in insula Mauritii et Borboniae”; Bory de St. Vincent 47 (B-W-1652). Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan]. Habit. Not recorded. Remarks. The taxonomic editors note that this species could be synonymous with D. bicornis or D. ciliaris. 644. Digitaria brownii (Roem. & Schult.) Hughes, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1923: 313. 1923 Panicum brownii Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 462. 1817, nom. nov. for Panicum villosum R. Br. Panicum villosum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 192. 1810, nom. illeg., non Lam., 1791. Type: Australia: Keppel Bay; R. Brown 6119, p.p. (BM). Distribution. Tamil Nadu [also in Australia, New Zealand]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. It is unclear if this species is naturalized in Tamil Nadu. Its native range is not recorded. 645. Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 27. 1802 Panicum ciliare Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 16. 1786–1787. Type: “E Java et China adtulit honor. Wennerberg.” China: Guangdong, Guangzhou; Wennerberg s.n. (LD). 236 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. ciliare (Retz.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 15. 1896 Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. rottleri Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 16. 1896. Type: India; Wight Herbarium no. 3032 and 3033 Panicum adscendens Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K] 1: 97 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in Nova Andalusia prope Cumanacoa (100 hexap.), in Peruvia ad maris littora prope Guayaquil et Santa; in Nova Hispania juxta Zelaya et Queretaro, alt. 950 hexap.” Lectotype: Peru [Ecuador]: Guyaquil; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 21(1): 32. 1973. Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henrard, Blumea 1(1): 92. 1934. Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henrard var. criniformis Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 999. 1950 Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henrard ssp. chrysoblephara (Fig. & De Not.) Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 998. 1950. Digitaria chrysoblephara Fig. & De Not., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 14: 364. t. 27. 1854. Type: Africa: “In Nubia superiore ad Fazoge”; Figari s.n.(FI). Digitaria marginata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 102. 1821. Type: “Hab. in Brasilia.” Brazil; Herb. Link 67 (B (left side of sheet)). Digitaria fimbriata Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 226. 1827. Type: “Hab. in Brasilia.” Brazil; Herb. Link 97 (B [right side of sheet]). Digitaria marginata Link var. fimbriata (Link) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 440. 1919. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Not recorded. 646. Digitaria compacta (Roth) Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 71. 1973 Paspalum compactum Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 316. 1817. Type: India orientalis; Heyne s.n. (B). Digitaria cruciata (Nees) A. Camus var. esculenta Bor, Webbia 11: 353. 1955. Type: India: Khasia, Pomrang; September 15, 1850; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. (K). Distribution. Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 237 647. Digitaria cruciata (Nees) E.G. Camus & A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 399. 1922 var. cruciata Panicum cruciatum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 39. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle Herb. no. 28, 29. Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. cruciatum (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 14. 1896 Distribution. Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Mynamar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 648. Digitaria cruciata (Nees) A. Camus var. pectinata Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 72. 1973 Type. India; Griffith KD 6574 (W). Distribution. Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal]. Habit. Not recorded. Remarks. Record for Meghalaya fide Naithani (1990). 649. Digitaria duthieana Henrard ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 273. 1953 Type. India: Madhya Pradesh, Bandelkhand, Barwar Sagor, near Jhansi; December 9, 1886; J.F. Duthie s.n. (K). Distribution. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 650. Digitaria eriantha Steud., Flora 12(2): 468–469. 1829. Digitaria pentzii Stent, Bothalia 3(1): 147. 1930. Type: Cape Province, Vrijburg District, Vrijburg; Pentz N.H.P. 8510 (PRE). Digitaria eriantha Steud. var. stolonifera Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 375. 1898. Type: South Africa: Transvaal, Houtbosch; A. Rehmann 5712 (K, L). LT designated (as type) by Henrard in Monogr. Digitaria 232. 1950. Type. South Africa: Cape: Cape of Good Hope, von Ludwig s.n. Distribution. Maharashtra [also in Africa]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Possibly only in cultivation. 238 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 651. Digitaria fuscescens (J. Presl) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 61: 8. 1930 Paspalum fuscescens J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 213. 1830. Type: “Hab. in regione montana Peruviae” (changed to Hab. ad Monte-Rey Californiae, in the Addendum on p. 351); Haenke s.n. (PR). Syntherisma fuscescens (J. Presl) Scribn., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 10: 49, t. 10. 1899 Digitaria pseudoischaemum Buse, Pl. Jungh. 382. 1854 (as “pseudo-ischaemum”). Type: “Habitat in sumatrae littoralibus arenosis. Inter stirpes Ischaemi multici, cui Sterilis quodammodo similes est, offendi unicum specimen.” Junghuhn s.n. Distribution. Manipur, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 652. Digitaria griffithii (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 1(1): 100. 1934 Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. griffithii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 15. 1896. Type: Cited many syntypes. Panicum corymbosum sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 436. 1864, non Roxb., 1820 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 653. Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl., Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. 9. 1813 Panicum ischaemum Schreb. in Schweigg., Spec. Fl. Erlang. 16. 1804. Type: Germany, Bavaria Syntherisma ischaemum (Schreb.) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17(2): 151. 1912 Digitaria humifusa Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805. Type: “Hab. In arenosis circa Parisios.” Panicum humifusum (Pers.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 33. 1829 Syntherisma humifusum (Pers.) Rydb., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 469. 1900 Paspalum ambiguum Lam. & DC., Fl. Franc. (DC. & Lamarck), ed. 3. 3: 16. 1805. Type: cited Paspalum dactylon Lam. Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl., Descr. Gram. (Muhlenberg) 131. 1817, isonym Distribution. India (Northwest Himalaya) [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. Checklist of the grasses of India 239 654. Digitaria jubata (Griseb.) Henrard, Blumea 1(1): 100. 1934 Paspalum jubatum Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 84. 1868. Type: India: Khasya Hills, 7000 ft.; J.D. Hooker Paspalum no. 9 (GOET). Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [China]. Habit. Annual. 655. Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805 Paspalum longiflorum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 15. 1786–1787. Type: “E Malabaria, ubi ad margines agrorum crescit, misit hon. Koenig.” Panicum longiflorum (Retz.) J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed 13 [bis] 2: 158. 1791 Syntherisma longiflora (Retz.) Skeels, U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 261: 30. 1912 Digitaria caespitosa Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 215. 1925. Lectotype: Malay Peninsula: Singapore, Tanglin, grass plots in the gardens; Ridley s.n. (K). LT designated by Veldkamp, Blumea 21: 64. 1973. Panicum propinquum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 193. 1810. Type: Australia: “Littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum”; R. Brown 6122 (BM). Digitaria propinqua (R. Br.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 160, 170. 1812 Digitaria roxburghii Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 270. 1824 (“1825”). Type: India orientalis Paspalum brevifolium Fluegge, Gram. Monogr., Paspalum 150. 1810 (as “Paspalus brevifolius”), nom. superfl. & illeg. Syntypes: “In malabaria ad agrorum margines; Koenig s.n. Insula Mauritii; Dupetit Thouars s.n. Tranqubaria; Klein s.n. Paspalum filiculme Nees in Herb. Wight ex Miq., Prolus. Fl. Jap. 162. 1867 Digitaria filiculmis (Nees) Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11(1): 32. 1942, in obs. Paspalum preslii Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 47. 1833. Type: Peruvia Digitaria preslii (Kunth) Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 589. 1950 Panicum pseudodurva Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 21. 1841 (as “pseudo-durva”) Panicum parvulum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 205. 1834, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Paspalum longiflorum Retz. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 240 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 656. Digitaria nodosa Parl., Pl. Nov. 39. 1842 Syntherisma nodosa (Parl.) Newbold, Torreya 24: 9. 1924 Panicum commutatum Nees var. nodosum (Parl.) Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 744. 1894 Panicum pabulare Aitch. & Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 190. 1882. Type: Afghanistan: Kuram District, between Thal and Chapri, also on Tor-ghar Hill Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. pabulare (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 15. 1896 Panicum parlatorei Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 40. 1854. Type: “Ins. Canar., Parlatore Pl. nov. 39” Type. “Habitat in arvis insulae Canariae.” Distribution. Punjab [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Not recorded. 657. Digitaria pennata (Hochst.) T. Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2(5): 941. 1908 var. pennata Panicum pennatum Hochst., Flora 38: 197. 1855. Type: Abyssinia[Ethiopia]: Gurrsarfa; 1853; Schimper [Hb. abyss. Buch.] 1497 (STR). Paspalum pennatum (Hochst.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 16. 1896 Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 658. Digitaria pennata (Hochst.) T. Cooke var. shettyana R.P. Pandey, Parmar & B.L. Vyas, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5(2): 475. 1984 Type. India: Rajasthan, Jalore, rocky habitat near Sareh Mandir; September 21, 1978; B.V. Shetty 6659A (CAL). Distribution. Rajasthan. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 659. Digitaria radicosa (J. Presl) Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 3: 437. 1857 Panicum radicosum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 297. 1830. Type: “Habitat ad Sorzogon Luzoniae.” Philippine Islands: Luzon, Sorsogon Province; Haenke s.n. (PR?). Panicum timorense Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 83. 1833 Checklist of the grasses of India 241 Digitaria timorensis (Kunth) Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 138. 1890. (See Remarks below.) Panicum debile Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 59–60. 1798. Type: Algeria: in pascuis prope La Calle; Desfontaines 127 (P). Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. debile (Desf.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 16. 1896 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Digitaria timorensis (Kunth) Balansa placed in synonymy here, but it is unclear where this name falls within Digitaria. 660. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 1: 52. 1771 Panicum sanguinale L., Sp. Pl. 1: 57. 1753. Type: “Habitat in America, Europa australi.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.31(LINN). LT designated by Henrard in Monogr. Digitaria 649. 1950. Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791 Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. var. frumentacea Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 985. 1950. Type: Cultivated. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. var. rottleriana Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 986. 1950. Type: South Africa: Cape Province, Cape town, in gardens Johannesburg and India. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Naturalized. Native range not recorded. Habit. Annual. 661. Digitaria setigera Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 474. 1817 Digitaria setigera Roth var. calliblepharata (Henrard) Veldkamp, Blumea 21(1): 40. 1973 Panicum corymbosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 295. 1820. Type: India: in the vallies amongst the Circar Mountains; Roxburgh s.n. Axonopus corymbosus (Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 177. 1824 Digitaria corymbosa (Roxb.) Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 1: 53. 1923 Syntherisma corymbosa (Roxb.) Hosok., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 24(130): 199. 1934 242 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Panicum microbachne J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 298. 1830. Lectotype: Philippine Islands: Luzon; Haenke s.n. (right- and left-hand specimens) (PR) (vide Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 450. 1950). Digitaria microbachne (J. Presl) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 61: 13. 1930 Digitaria microbachne (J. Presl) Henrard ssp. calliblepharata Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 452. 1950. Syntypes: Indonesia: Kangean, Kajoe Waroe; 1920; Backer 27997 (L). Java: Soerabaja; September 30, 1928; Van Slooten 2047 Panicum dilatatum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 39. 1854. Type: India Courtallum; Wight 1045, 1047 Panicum pruriens Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 77. 1826. Lectoype: Hawaii: Nukahiwa Island; G.H. von Langsdorff s.n. LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 21(1): 38. 1973. Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. pruriens (Trin.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 15. 1896 Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. var. extensum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 15. 1896. Type: Wight Cat. no. 2340 Digitaria extensa (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 1(1): 100. 1934 Type. India; Heyne s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 662. Digitaria stewartiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 166–167. 1951 Type. India: Kashmir, Chunagund, near Kargil, Ladak, 10000 ft.; August 25, 1940; R.R. Stewart 21047 (K). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladak [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Report from Ladak fide Naithani (1990). 663. Digitaria stricta Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 474. 1817 var. stricta Setaria stricta (Roth) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 47. 1829 Digitaria stricta Roth var. denudata (Link) Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 175. 1950 Digitaria stricta Roth var. glabrescens Bor, Webbia 11: 336. 1955. Syntypes: India: Khasia; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. Tehri Garhwal, Jumma Valley, alt. 5800 ft.; Checklist of the grasses of India 243 September 3, 1883; J.F. Duthie 325. Dehra Dun, Ramgarh; September 1892; J.S. Gamble 23932. Agrostis pilosa Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 6: 22. 1791. Type: “Ex India orientali mista.” India; Koenig s.n. (LD). Digitaria denudata Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 222. 1827 Panicum denudatum (Link) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 32. 1829 Digitaria puberula Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 223. 1827 Panicum pseudosetaria Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 39. 1854 for Digitaria stricta Roth. Type: India Syntherisma royleana Newbold, Torreya 24: 9. 1924, nom. superfl. Digitaria royleana Prain, Bengal Pl. 2: 1182. 1903, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Digitaria puberula Paspalum royleanum Nees ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 18. 1896, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Digitaria puberula Type. India; B. Heyne s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 664. Digitaria ternata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 376–377. 1898 Cynodon ternatus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 405. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in arvis Poae Abyssinicae cultis, prope Adoua (Quartin Dillon, Schimper)”; Ethiopia: Tigray; September 23, 1837; Schimper 76 (P). LT designated (as “type”) by Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 738. 1950. Panicum ternatum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 40. 1853 Paspalum ternatum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 17. 1896 Syntherisma ternata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Newbold, Torreya 24: 9. 1924 Panicum phaeocarpum Nees var. gracile Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 23. 1841. Type: “In graminosis vallis ad Gekau alt. 800–1000 ft.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 244 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 665. Digitaria tomentosa (J. Koenig ex Rottler) Henrard, Blumea 1(1): 100. 1934 Milium tomentosum J. Koenig ex Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 220. 1803. Type: “Intra fissures rupium in monte Wandiwash.” Panicum subeglume Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 292. 1834 Milium capillare Roth ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 320. 1817, non Rottb., 1778. Type: India orientali; B. Heyne s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 666. Digitaria violascens Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 229. 1827 Paspalum fuscum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 214. 1830. Type: Hab. in Luzonia? in Peruviae montanis huanoccensibus? Mexico? Mexico; Haenke s.n. (PR). Syntherisma fusca (J. Presl) Scribn., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 10: 49, t. 11. 1899 Digitaria fusca (J. Presl) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 35: 4. 1928, non Chiov., 1919 Digitaria chinensis (Nees) A. Camus, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 4: 48. 1923, non Horneman, 1819 Type. “Hab. in Brasilia.” Brazil; Herb. Link 93 (B). Distribution. Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 667. Digitaria wallichiana (Wight & Arn. ex Nees) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 436. 1919 Panicum wallichianum Wight & Arn. ex Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 41. 1853. Type: India; Wight Cat. 1607 (KD 3089) (P). Panicum multibrachiatum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 74. 1853. Type: India; Nilgiri Mountains; R.F. Hohenacker 916 Paspalum perrottetii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 20. 1896, non Panicum perrottetii Kunth, 1833 (vide Bor 1960). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 245 Echinochloa P. Beauv., Essai Agrostogr. 53. 1812, nom. cons. Type. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (Panicum crus-galli L.) 668. Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 209. 1833 Panicum colonum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 870. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in Indiae cultis.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 84. 1753.” Lectotype: Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 80.23 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 119. 1908. Milium colonum (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 202. 1794 Oplismenus colonus (L.) Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 108–109 (ed. qto.). 1816 Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. colona (L.) Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 122. 1923 Panicum crus-galli L. ssp. colonum (L.) Makino & Nemoto, Fl. Japan (Makino & Nemoto) 1470. 1925 Panicum crus-galli L. var. minor Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 359. 1864. Type: Ceylon Plant 901 Panicum zonale Guss., Fl. Sic. Prodr. 1: 82. 1827. Type: “Habitus praecedentis sed gracilior, spiculae minus hispidae, antherae sordide purpureae, stigmata nigricantia.” Echinochloa zonalis (Guss.) Parl., Fl. Panorm. 1: 119. 1839 Oplismenus repens J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 321. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Mexico.” Mexico; Haenke s.n. (PR). Panicum prorepens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 46. 1853 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 669. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 161, 169. 1812 var. crus-galli Panicum crus-galli L., Sp. Pl. 1: 56. 1753 (as “crus galli”). Type: “Habitat in Europae, Virginiae cultis.” Lectotype: Kalm, Herb. Linn. No. 80.18 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 117. 1908. Milium crus-galli (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 202. 1794 Pennisetum crus-galli (L.) Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 277. 1817 Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var. submutica Neilr., Fl. Nied.-Oesterr 2: 31. 1859 (as “submuticum”). Type: Echinochloa crus-galli Rchb. Icon. 9. f. 1411 Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Eggel., Ann. List. Gram. Uganda 16. 1947, non Murno ex Hook. f, 1896 246 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Panicum hispidulum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 18. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Ex India Orientali misit honor. Koenig.” Echinochloa hispidula (Retz.) Nees, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 416, 420. 1840 Panicum crus-galli L. var. stagninum Trimen ex Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 136. 1900, non Panicum stagninum Retz., 1788 [Trimen in Handb. Fl. Ceylon published it as com. nov.] Panicum grossum Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 18. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 670. Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 269. 1824 Oplismenus crus-pavonis Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 108 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in apricis calidissimis Procinciae Cumanensis prope Bordones.” Echinochloa composita J. Presl ex Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 259. 1829 [cited as synonym of E. crus-pavonis]. Type: “Habitat in sylvis ad Almada et Ferradas provinciae Bahiensis, aliisque in locis Brasiliae”; Haencker s.n. (B). Oplismenus angustifolius E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 40. 1886. Type: Mexico: Veracruz; August; Gouin 54 (P). Oplismenus jamaicensis Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 147. 1833. Type: Jamaica Panicum jamaicense (Kunth) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 257. 1841 Panicum sabulicolum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 258. 1829. Type: “Habitat in arenosis Parae; Sieber s.n.” Uruguay: Montevideo; Sellow s.n. Oplismenus sabulicolus (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 145. 1833 (as “sabulicola”) Panicum aristatum MacFad., Bot. Misc. 2: 115. 1831, non Retz., 1786–1787 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Perennial. 671. Echinochloa frumentacea Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 204. 1827 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link var. frumentacea (Link) Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 223. 1925 Oplismenus frumentaceus (Link) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 45. 1829 Panicum crusgalli L. var. frumentacea (Link) Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 104. 1885 (as “frumentaceum”) Panicum frumentaceum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 307. 1820, non Salisb., 1796. Type: “This I have only found in a state of cultivation, ..” Checklist of the grasses of India 247 Type. India; Cultivated. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [also in Asia, Africa, and introduced to America]. Habit. Annual. 672. Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 31. 1896 Type. Western Himalaya, Khasia Hills; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8687. Distribution. Karnataka, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan; Africa]. Habit. Not recorded. 673. Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 41: 742. 1891 Panicum oryzoides Ard., Animadv. Bot. Spec. Alt. 16. t. 5. 1764. Type: “Semina hujus Panici inventa a me fuere inter Oryzam.” Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). 674. Echinochloa picta (J. Koenig) P.W. Michael, Philipp. Weed J. Sci. 5: 18. 1978 Panicum pictum J. Koenig, Naturforscher (Halle) 23: 204. 1788. Type: India: Calcutta; J. Koenig s.n. Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [China]. Habit. Perennial. 675. Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 345. 1917 Panicum pyramidale Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171. 1791. Type: “Lieu nat. le Senegal. Bdles courtes, Blanchatres.” Senegal: E. Senegal; 1789; D. Roussillon s.n. (P-LAM). Panicum atroviolaceum A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 368. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in Abyssinia sine locali indicatione; Antoine Petit s.n.” (P). 248 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Panicum quadrifarium Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 367. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit ad marginem stagnorum et in locis paludosis prope Adoua, mensibus Novembre et Decembre.” Syntypes: Ethiopia: Tigre, Adoua; December 1, 1837; Schimper 206 (P). Ethiopia: Adoua, Quartin Dillon s.n. (P). Distribution. Karnataka [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa, Australasia, North America, South America]. Habit. Perennial. 676. Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 161, 171. 1812 Panicum stagninum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 17. 1788 (“1789”). Type: ‘Habitat in stagnis Indiae Orientalis, D. Koenig.” India; Koenig s.n. (LD). Panicum crus-galli sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 30. 1896, non L. 1753 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura [Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Eriochloa Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 94 (ed. qto.). t. 30. 31. 1816 Lectotype. Eriochloa distachya Kunth. LT designated by G.V. Nash in N. Amer. Fl. 17: 157. 1912; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 220. 1920. 677. Eriochloa fatmensis (Hochst. & Steud.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 30(1): 108. 1975 Panicum fatmense Hochst. & Steud., Unio Itin. Schimper 806. 1837. Type: Arabia: Mecca; Schimper 806 (K). Eriochloa decumbens F.M. Bailey, Queensland Agric. J. 1: 234. 1897. Type: “Habitat on rocks, Hammond Island, Torres Strait. This grass differs from the other Australian species of the genus, principally in habit.” Helopus nubicus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 100. 1854. Type: Sudan: Arashcool; Kotschy 382 (K). Eriochloa nubica (Steud.) Hack. & Stapf ex Thell., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 64: 697. 1919, in obs. Helopus acrotrichus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 100. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for P. fatamense Eriochloa acrotricha Hack., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 435. 1907, non (Hook. f.) Schinz, 1906 Checklist of the grasses of India 249 Distribution. Maharashtra, Rajasthan [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 678. Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930: 256. 1930 Agrostis procera Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 19. 1786–1787. Type: “In graminosis subhumidis Malabariae frequens; Koenig.” Milium ramosum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 6: 22. 1791. Type: “Ex India Orientali Habui.” Agrostis ramosa (Retz.) Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 257. 1810 Eriochloa ramosa (Retz.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Eriochloa polystachya sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 20. 1896, non H.B.K., 1816 Eriochloa annulata Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 30. 1829, nom. superfl. & illeg. Paspalum annulatum Fluegge, Gram. Monogr., Paspalum 133. 1810 (as “Paspalus annulatus”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Milium ramosum Retz. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Holcolemma Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 244. 1929 Type. Holcolemma canaliculatum (Nees) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. (Panicum canaliculatum Nees ex Steud.). 679. Holcolemma canaliculatum (Nees) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 246. 1929 Panicum canaliculatum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 55. 1853. Type: India; Wright 1624 (P). Hemigymnia canaliculata (Nees) Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 324. 1931 Panicum stenostachyum Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 436. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Trincomalie; Rev S.O. Glemie Ceylon Plant 3845 Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 250 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Megathyrsus (Pilg.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs, Austrobaileya 6(3):572. 2003 Panicum subgen. Megathyrsus Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 242. 1931 Lectotype. Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs (Panicum maximum Jacq.) Designated by Zuloaga, Grass Syst. Evol. 296. 1987. 680. Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs, Austrobaileya 6(3): 572. 2003 Panicum maximum Jacq., Ic. Pl. Rar. 1: 2. t. 13. 1781. Type: West Indies: Lesser Antilles: Leeward Islands, Guadeloupe; Herb. Jacquin s.n. (W). Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R.D. Webster, Austral. Paniceae (Poaceae) 241. 1987 Panicum giganteum Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 143. 1904, non Scheele, 1849 Panicum heynii Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 458. 1817. Type: India; Heyne s.n. Panicum hirsutissimum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 72. 1853. Type: “In sylvis Krakakammae et ad flumen Zwartkopsrivier, alt. I (Uitenhage), (Ecklon), inter frutices ad flumen Zontagsrivier et Zoutpansnek alt. 1500–2000 et ad rivum ad Enon alt. 400, (Drege).” Panicum maximum Jacq. var. hirsutissimum (Steud.) Oliv., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29(3): 171. 1875 Panicum jumentorum Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 83. 1805 Panicum laeve Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 172. 1791. Type: Dominican Republic: Hispaniola Island; 1780; E Domingo, ins. Franc. (P-LAM). Panicum maximum Jacq. ssp. pubescens M. Sharma, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 7(1): 106. f. 1. 1985. Type: India: Punjab, Patiala District, Rakhra; alt. 700 ft.; September 1, 1971; M. Sharma 2288 (PUN). Panicum pamplemoussense Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 71. 1853. Type: “Urville legit ad Pamplemousse Ins. Maurit.” Panicum polygamum Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 24. 1788, non Forssk., 1775. Type: India Orientali; Brown 366 Panicum sparsum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 64. 1827 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Perennial herb. Remarks. Record for Punjab fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 251 Melinis P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 54. 1812 Type. Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. 681. Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 54. t. 11. f. 4. 1812 Panicum minutiflorum (P. Beauv.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 299. 1825 Muhlenbergia brasiliensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 177. 1854. Type: Brazil: Bahia; 1830; M. Salzmann 652 (US-87244). Panicum melinis Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 291. 1834 Suardia picta Schrank, Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac. t. 58. 1820. Type: “Colitur in Tepidario.” Tristegis glutinosa Nees, Horae Phys. Berol. 47: 54. 1820. Type: Brasilia? Type. Brazil: “Cette plante croit a Rio-Janerio. Elle m’a été communiquée par M. De Jussieu.”(G). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan]. Naturalized. Habit. Perennial. 682. Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka, Biblioth. Bot. 138: 55. 1988 Saccharum repens Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(1): 322. 1797. Type: “Habitat in Guinea.” Africa: Ghana; Isert s.n. [Thonning and other Danish Botanists] (BW-1499). Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 110. 1934 Tricholaena repens (Willd.) Hitchc., Man. Grasses W. Ind. 331. 1936 Monachyron villosum Parl., Niger Fl. 191. 1849. Type: Cape Verde Islands: S. Jacobi; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K). “Hab. in insula S. Jacobi (J.D. Hooker). Rhynchelytrum villosum (Parl.) Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 310. 1908 (as “Rhynchelitrum”) Melinis villosa (Parl.) Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 51: 464. 1901 Rhynchelytrum roseum (Nees) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. ex Bews, World’s Grass. 223. 1929 in obs. [reference to basionym is not given] Tricholaena rosea Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 17. 1841. Type: Cited many synonyms. Tricholaena wightii Nees & Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 93. 1854, nom. nud., pro. syn. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual or perennial. 252 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Moorochloa Veldkamp (2004), Reinwardtia 12(2): 138–139 Type. Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp (Panicum eruciforme Sm.). 683. Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp, Reinwardtia 12(2): 139. 2004 var. eruciformis Panicum eruciforme Sm., Fl. Graec. (Sibthorp) 1: 44, t. 59. 1806. Type: Greece: Samos “in arvis circa Junonis templum”; Sibthorp s.n. (OXF). Urochloa eruciformis (Sm.) C. Nelson & Fern. Casas, Fontqueria 51: 4. 1998 Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 4: 469. 1853 Echinochloa eruciformis (Sm.) C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 437. 1848 Panicum caucasicum Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 3(22): t. 262. 1830. Type: “Figura ad specimen a Caucaso orientali.” Panicum isachne Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 458. 1817. Type: India; Heyne in Herb. Roth s.n. = Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8693 (K). Panicum isachne Roth var. mexicanum Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 114. 1896 (as “mexicana”). Type: “Specimen seen was cultivated from seed obtained in Mexico, by U.S. Dept. Agricul 1887.” Brachiaria isachne (Roth) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 552. 1919 Panicum pubinode Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 363. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in convalle fluvii Tacazze, Schimper, pl. Schimp. Abyss., sect. III, 1855.” Abyissinia: Tacazze River; December, 1841; Schimper 1855 Panicum wightii Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 29. 1841. Type: “In graminosis vallis ad Gekau alt. 500–1000.” South Africa; Drége s.n. LT designated by Chase in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 36. 1920. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [also in Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Africa, Australia, Europe, South America]. Habit. Annual. 684. Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp var. divaricata (Basappa & Muniy.) E. A. Kellogg, comb. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212058-1 Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp var. divaricata Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B, 49(4): 379. 1983. Type: India: Karnataka, Mysore, 3 km west of Mysore, along the edge of tank-bund; 12 Aug 1979 Checklist of the grasses of India 253 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka (Naithani), Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [also in Africa, Europe]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. The above combination is made here to transfer Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp var. divaricata Basappa & Muniy. to Moorochloa. Oplismenus P. Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 14. 1810 (“1807”), nom. cons. Type. Oplismenus africanus P. Beauv. 685. Oplismenus burmanni (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168, 169. 1812 Panicum burmanni Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 10. 1783 (as “Burmanni”). Type: India: Madras; Koenig s.n. (LD). Oplismenus affinis J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 323. 1830, non Schult.,1824. Type: “Habitat in Panama.” Panicum bromoides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 170. 1791 (“bromoide”). Type: Lieu nat. les I’lle de France.” Commerson s.n. (P). Oplismenus bromoides (Lam.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168, 169. 1812 Oplismenus cristatus J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 323. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Mexico.” Mexico; Haenke s.n. (PR) Oplismenus multisetus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 377. 1850–1851. Type: Crescit in convalle fluvii Tacazzé prope Tchélatchéranne, sub arborum umbra, mense Septembre, Schimper, Pl. Schimp.Abyss., sect. III, 1469.” Ethiopia; Schimper 1469 Oplismenus preslei Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 141. 1833. Type: Panama Panicum album Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 274. 1816. Type: “Cette plante croit a l’ile de Java (Herb. Desfontaine).” Orthopogon albus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 44. 1853, pro syn. of Panicum album. Panicum japonicum Steud., Flora 29: 18. 1846. Type: “Die japanischen Graser der Goringschen Sammlung” Panicum multisetum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 377. 1850–1851 [cited as synonym of O. multisetus] Panicum hirtellum sensu Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 24. t. 12. f. 1. 1768, non L., 1763 Oplismenus humboldtianus Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 264. 1829, nom. superfl. & illeg. for O. burmanni Oplismenus indicus Duthie, Grass.n. W. India 8. 1883, non Roem. & Schult., 1817 254 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Not recorded. 686. Oplismenus compositus (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168,169. 1812 Panicum compositum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 57. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Zeylona.” Lectotype: Herb. Hermann 3: 45, No. 42 (BM-000621970). LT designated by Davey & Clayton in Kew Bull. 33: 156. 1978. Orthopogon compositus (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 194. 1810 Andropogon undatus Jacq., Collectanea [Jacquin] 3: 237. 1789. Type: “Crescit in insula Mauritii.” Panicum undatum (Jacq.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 264. 1841 Panicum lanceolatum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 17. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Misit opt. Koenig.” Echinochloa lanceolata (Retz.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 476. 1817 Oplismenus decompositus Nees, Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. 19. 1833. Type: India; Wight 62 (NY). Oplismenus elatior (L. f.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168, 169. 1812 Oplismenus jacquinii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 44. 1829 Orthopogon pratensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 306. 1824 (“1825”). Lectotype: Mauritius; St. Vincent 43(B-W). LT designated by H. Scholz in Phan. Monogr. 13: 100. 1981. Oplismenus pratensis (Spreng.) Schult. & Schult. f., Mant. 3 (Schultes & Schultes f.) Add. I 597. 1827 Orthopogon junghuhnii Nees in Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 444. 1857 (“1855”). Type: Java; Junghuhn s.n. Orthopogon longeracemosus (Steud.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 443. 1857(“1855”) Orthopogon remotus Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 181. 1820 Orthopogon sylvaticus (Lam.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 443. 1857(“1857”) Panicum sylvaticum Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 4(2): 733. 1798. Type: “Cette plante croit naturellement a I’llsle-de-france dans les bois, ou elle a été recueillie par Commerson.” Mauritius; P. Commerson s.n. (L). Oplismenus sylvaticus (Lam.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 481. 1817 Panicum aristatum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 17. 1786–1787. Type: “E China adduxit plur. Rever. D. Wennerberg.” China; Wennerberg s.n. (LD). Panicum bidentulum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 45. 1853. Lectotype: Rebo Running; Nees s.n. (B). LT designated by Scholz in Phan. Monogr. 13: 86. 1981. (vide TROPICOS) Checklist of the grasses of India 255 Panicum certificandum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 44. 1853. Type: India: Bengal; Rottler 869 (M). Panicum longeracemosum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 45. 1853. Type: Indonesia: Java; Zollinger 915 & 919 Panicum peninsulanum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 44. 1853. Type: India; Rottler s.n. Oplismenus lanceolatus (Retz.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 45. 1829, nom. superfl. & illeg for Andropogon undatus Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Sri Lanka]. Pantropical. Habit. Not recorded. 687. Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 171 1812 Panicum undulatifolium Ard., Animadv. Bot. Spec. Alt. 14, t. 4. 1764. Type: “invento in Jamaica a Clariss. Brown”; Arduino s.n. (M). Orthopogon undulatifolius (Ard.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 306. 1824 (“1825”) Panicum barbifultum Hochst. ex Schltdl., Linnaea 31(3): 307. 1861. Type: India: Orissa, “in silvis pr. Kaity mont. Nilagir”, E. Hohenacker 1279 (US-1445121). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Meghalaya, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Not recorded. Ottochloa Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 54. 1931 Hemigymnia Stapf in D. Prain, Fl. Trop. Africa 9: 741. 1920, non Griff. (1842) Type. Ottochloa nodosa (Kunth) Dandy (Panicum nodosum Kunth). 688. Ottochloa nodosa (Kunth) Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 55. 1931 Panicum nodosum Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 97. 1833 Panicum arnottianum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 59. 1853. Type: India orientalis; Wight s.n. Java, Sri Lanka Hemigymnia arnottiana (Nees) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 742. 1920 Ottochloa arnottiana (Nees Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 55. 1931 256 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Panicum multinode J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 303. 1830, non Lam., 1798. Type: “Habitat ad Sorzogon Luzoniae.” Philippine Islands: Luzon, Sorsogon Province; Haenke s.n. (US-80779) Hemigymnia multinodis Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 742. 1920, in obs., nom. superfl. & illeg. Distribution. Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Panicum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753 Lectotype. Panicum miliaceum L. LT designated by Nash in N. L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 1: 134. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 229. 1920. 689. Panicum antidotale Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 17. 1786–1787 Type. “Colitur in hortis Malabarorum. Honor. Koening.” India; Koenig s.n. (LD) Distribution. Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 690. Panicum atrosanguineum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 375. 1850– 1851 Panicum hydaspicum Edgew., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 207. 1862. Type: “Rechnab Bar.” [Flor. Mallica] Type. “Crescit in locis humidis convallis fluvii Tacazze, prope Tchelatcheranne, mense Augusto, Schimper, in pl. Schimp. Abyss., sect. III 1709.” Ethiopia: Djeladjeranne; August 13, 1840; Schimper 1709 (P). Distribution. Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 691. Panicum bisulcatum Thunb., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 7: 141. 1815 Panicum acroanthum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 87. 1854. Lectotype: Anonymous 2 (L). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 188. 1996. “Hrbr. Mus. Lugd. Batav. (sub Milium globosum Thunb. quod non est.). Japonia.” Checklist of the grasses of India 257 Panicum melananthum F. Muell., Trans. & Proc. Victorian Inst. Advancem. Sci. 1: 47. 1855. Type: Australia: Victoria, Ovens River, “On wet, sandy, or gravelly banks of the Ovens and King River”; February, 1853; F. von Mueller s.n.(L). Panicum coloratum sensu F. Muell., Fragm. (Mueller) 8: 192. 1872–1874, non L., 1767 Syntypes. Japan; 1808; Thunberg s.n., 1817, 1818 (UPS). Distribution. Northeast India [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 692. Panicum brevifolium L., Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753 Isachne tricarinata Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 476. 1817. Type: India; Heyne s.n. Panicum tricarinatum (Roth) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 94. 1854 Panicum arborescens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753, p.p. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Hermann 1: 30, No. 43 (BM-000621336). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 253. 2000. Panicum biflorum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 174. 1791 (as “biflore”). Type: “Lieu nat. l’lsle de France. Tige ram. Panicule mediocre. Le cal. m’a paru univalve.” Panicum dubium Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 4: 743. 1798, nom. superfl & illeg. for P. bilforum Panicum gladiatum Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 12: 170. 1862. Type: “Brasilia; culta in c.r. hort. Schonbr.” Panicum ovalifolium Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 279. 1816. Type: “Cette plante croit en Guinee.” Hb. Desvaux in Hb. Lamarck (P). Panicum trichopiptum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 85. 1854. Type: Bahia, Senegamb. Guadaloupe. Panicum guineense Desv. ex Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 279. 1816, nom. nud., pro. syn. Type. “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.64 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 496. 1982. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura [China]. Habit. Annual. 693. Panicum coloratum L., Mant. Pl. 30. 1767 Panicum coloratum L. var. glaucum Jauhar, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 65:520. 1968 258 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Type. “Habitat in Cairi. Forskohl.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.46 (LINN). LT designated by Zuloaga in Görts-van Rijn (ed.), Fl. Guianas, ser. A, 8: 384. 1990. Distribution. Delhi, Rajasthan [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). Native range not recorded. 694. Panicum curviflorum Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn. 116. 1819 var. curviflorum Panicum trypheron Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 244. 1824. Type: India; Roxburgh s.n. Panicum roxburghii Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 320. 1824 (“1825”). Type: India orientalis Panicum tenellum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 309. 1820, non Lam., 1791 Panicum miliaceum sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 360. 1864, non L., 1753 Neotype. India: Herb. Roxburgh, cultivated in Copenhagen in 1818, from seed obtained from Wallich as Panicum tenellum Roxb. which in turn were collected from plants cultivated in the Calcutta Bot. Gardens (BM). NT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 34(1): 79. 1989. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 695. Panicum curviflorum Horenem var. suishaense (Hayata) Veldkamp, Blumea 34(1): 81–82. 1989 Panicum suishaense Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6, Suppl. 98. 1917. Type: Japan: Suisha; August, 1912; Hayata s.n. (TI). Panicum elegantissimum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 52. 1896. Type: Malay Peninsula: Perak; Ridley 3116 (K). Panicum papuanum Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56 (Beibl. 125): 6. 1921. Type: New Guinea: Waigiou; Lesson, A° 1825 in Hb. Kunth (B). Distribution. Bihar [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 696. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 48. 1803 Type. USA. “Hab. in occidentalibus montium Alleghanis”, Michaux s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 259 Distribution. India [China]. Naturalized; possibly native to North America. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 697. Panicum deccanense Naik & Patunkar, Reinwardtia 9(4): 405, f. 2. 1980 Type. India: Nanded, Degloor; September 24, 1974; Patunkar 2450a (Marathwada University Herbarium). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Not recorded. 698. Panicum fischeri Bor, Kew Bull. 1956: 257–258. 1956 Type. India: Madras State, Nilgiris, Kullar, alt. 2500 ft.; October, 1889; J.S. Gamble 21338 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Kerala and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 699. Panicum flexuosum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 9. 1783 Panicum psilopodium Trin. var. coloratum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 46. 1896. Type: India: Simla and Garhwal, up to 6000 ft., Mt. Abu; Duthie s.n. Type. “In Agris Oryzaceis passim obvenientem habui ab amiosiss”; Koenig s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Not recorded. 700. Panicum garadei Sundararagh. & Karthik., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 24(1–4): 146. 1983(“1982”) Type. India: Karnataka, Dharwar; September 17, 1907; L.D. Garade s.n. (CAL). Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Not recorded. 701. Panicum gardneri Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 359. 1864 Isachne gardneri (Thwaites) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 26. 1896 260 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Type. Sri Lanka: Central Province, alt. upto 4000 ft.; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 894 (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 702. Panicum hippothrix K. Schum., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 103. 1895 Isachne obscurans Woodrow, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 23: 161. 1898 Panicum obscurans (Woodrow) Stapf ex Woodrow, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 13: 434. 1901 Type. Ghasal, Quellengebiet, Muva; Holst no. 3177?? (K). Distribution. Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). 703. Panicum humidorum Buch.-Ham. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 53–54. 1896 Panicum perakense (Hook. f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C.11: 52. 1916. Panicum humidorum Buch.-Ham. ex Hook. f. var. perakense Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 54. 1896. Type: Malaysia: Perak; King’s Collector 2546 (K). Lectotype. India: Assam, Goalpara; Buchanan-Hamilton in Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8721 (K). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 193. 1996. Distribution. Assam, Kerala, Meghalaya, Odisha. [China]. Habit. Perennial. 704. Panicum humile Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 84. 1854 Panicum watense Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34(1): 146–147. 1904. Type: “Senegambien, auf uberschwemmten Flachen bei Wato”; Leprieur s.n. (B). Panicum austroasiaticum Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11(1): 45. 1942 (as “austroasiaticum”), nom. illeg. superfl. Panicum vescum R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 452. 1945, nom. illeg. & superfl. Type. Sri Lanka; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3243 (P). B, K, US. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orisssa, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Not recorded. Checklist of the grasses of India 261 705. Panicum incisum Munro ex C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 84. t. 33. 1889 Type. “Nambre Forest, ..”[India: Assam], “in Griffith Kew, n. 6505.” Naga Hills; C.B. Clarke no. 40799 (K). Distribution. Assam, Nagaland. Habit. Perennial. 706. Panicum johnii S.M. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83: 184. f. 3. 1986 Type. India: Maharashtra, Savantwadi, Sateli; September 5, 1980; S.M. Almeida 2597 (BLAT). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Not recorded. 707. Panicum khasianum Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 54. 1896 Lectotype. India: Khasia Hills, in marshes, 4000–6000 ft.; Griffith 6498 (K). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 194. 1996. Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Bhutan, China]. Habit. Perennial. 708. Panicum laevifolium Hack., Bull. Herb. Boissier 3(8): 378. 1895 Syntypes. South Africa: Transvaal, Pretoria, Kuduspoort; Rehmann 4697 (W). South Africa: Transvaal, Boshveld inter Elandsriver et Klippan; Rehmann 5123 (W). South Africa: Transvaal, Hogge Veld inter Porter et Trigardsfont; Rehmann 6614 (W). South Africa: Transvaal, Donkershoek; Rehmann 6552 (W). Distribution. India [also in Africa]. Native to South Africa. Habit. Not recorded. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 709. Panicum luzonense J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 308. 1830 Panicum cambogiense Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 142. 1890. Lectotype: Cambodia; Godefroy 62. LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 195. 1996. Panicum cruciabile Chase, J. Arnold Arbor. 20(3): 309. 1939 262 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Panicum reticulatum Thwaites ex Trimen, J. Bot. 23: 271. 1885, non Torr., 1852. Type: “Habitat Broders of paddy-fields, Hewessee, Pasdun Korle; August, 1865; Thwaites s.n. (Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3890 in Herb. Perad.) Panicum caesium sensu Hook. f., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 97. 1850, non Nees, 1836 Type. Philippine Islands: Luzon; Haenke s.n. (PR). ISOTYPE, US. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam [Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. 710. Panicum miliaceum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 58. 1753 Milium panicum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, Milium no. 1. 1768. Panicum asperrimum Fisch., Cat. Jard. Pl. Gorenki 3. 1812. Type: “Cultivated in the garden of the University at Vienna from seed received from Count Razoumovsky of Gorenki [near Moscow]” Panicum densepilosum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 72. 1853. Type: Japan Milium esculentum Moench, Methodus (Moench) 203. 1794, nom. superfl. Panicum milium Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 83. 1805, nom. illeg. & superf. for Panicum miliaceum Type. “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.49 (LINN). LT designated by Sherif & Siddiqi in El-Gadi (ed.), Fl. Libya 145: 282. 1988. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Widely cultivated in many parts of the world. 711. Panicum nehruense Jauhar & Joshi, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8(1): 97, f. A. 1966 Type. Plant obtained originally from Australia and grown in Jodhpur; P.P. Jauhar 9 (HCIO). Distribution. Gujarat, Rajasthan [Australia]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990). 712. Panicum notatum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 18. 1786–1787 Panicum montanum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 315. 1820. Type: India: Circar Mountains; Roxburgh 813 (BM). Checklist of the grasses of India 263 Type. “In Sumatra lectum dedit nuper nominatus D. Wennerberg.” Indonesia: Sumatra; Wennerberg (LD). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, MadhyaPradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 713. Panicum paianum Naik & Patunkar, Reinwardtia 9(4): 407. 1980 var. paianum Type. India: Madhya Pradesh, Nanded, Rajgarh; October 26, 1974; Patunkar 2430a (Marathwada University Herbarium). Distribution. Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). 714. Panicum paianum Naik & Patunkar var. minor Naik & Patunkar, Reinwardtia 9(4): 409. 1980 Type. India; Patunkar 2439a (Marathwada University Herbarium). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). 715. Panicum paludosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 310. 1820 Panicum decompositum var. paludosum (Roxb.) Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 105. 1885 Panicum proliferum var. paludosum (Roxb.) Stapf, Fl. Cap. 7: 407. 1899 Panicum repens var. paludosum (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 363. 1898 Panicum proliferum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 50. 1896, non Lam., 1797 Type. India: Circar Mountains; Roxburgh 806 (BM). CAL, K. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 264 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 716. Panicum phoiniclados Naik & Patunkar, Reinwardtia 9(4): 403, f. 1. 1980 Type. Nanded. Gamkgaon; November 17, 1974; Patunkar 2468a (Marathwada University Herbarium). Distribution. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). 717. Panicum repens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 87. 1762 Panicum arenarium Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 82. 1804. Type: “Habitat in arenosis subhumidis, occurrit in Algarbiis, ultra Tagum, et Passim ad Mundam in agris Conimbricensibs.” Panicum convolutum P. Beauv. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 319. 1824 (“1825”). Type: Guinea; A.M. Palisot de Beauvois Hb. Willdenow 18855 (B). Panicum ischaemoides Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 17. 1786–1787. Type: “Vulgatissimum Malabariae in udis ad margines ftagnorum gramen, proceritate reliqua Panica excedens. Cel. Koenig.” India: Malabraiae; Koenig s.n. (LD). Panicum leiogonum Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 3: 51. 1812. Type: Africa: Damietta Type. “Habitat in Hispania? inde missum a Claud. Alstroemer.” Lectotype: Alstroemer 2a, Herb. Linn. No. 80.47 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock & Chase in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 15: 85. 1910. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Perennial. 718. Panicum sarmentosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 311. 1820 Panicum incomtum Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 200. 1826. Type: Philippine Islands: Manila; Chamisso in Hb. Trinius 0760.02 (LE). Type. Indonesia: Sumatra, brought into Botanic Garden in 1804 by Dr. Charles Campbell; Roxburgh 1778 (HOLOTYPE, BM). ISOTYPES CAL, K. Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 719. Panicum sparsicomum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 83. 1854 Agrostis zeylanica Klein ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 83. 1854, nom. nud., pro. syn. Checklist of the grasses of India 265 Cyrtococcum sparsicomum (Nees) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 118. 1921 Type. Sri Lanka; Klein s.n., Wight s.n. Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual or perennial. 720. Panicum sumatrense Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 434. 1817 Panicum psilopodium Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 217. 1826. Lectotype: Lindley sub P. ramosum Koem (LE). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 206. 1996. Panicum sumatrense Roth ssp. psilopodium (Trin.) de Wet., J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 30(2): 162. 1983 Panicum miliare Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 173. 1791 (as “miliaire”). Type: “Lieu nat. Inde” India; Sonnerat s.n. (P-LAM). Type. Indonesia: Sumatra; Heyne in Hb. Roth s.n. (B). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(1): 205. 1996. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 721. Panicum turgidum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 18–19. 1775 Type. “In desertis Kahirinis Arab. Bockar.” Egypt: Cairo, Kahirini desert; 1761–1762; Forsskal s.n. (C). Distribution. Gujarat, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 722. Panicum virgatum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753 Milium virgatum (L.) Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 212. 1915 Eatonia purpurascens Rafin., J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 89: 104. 1819. Type: USA: New York, Long Island; Coll. Ukn. s.n. Panicum coloratum Walter, Fl. Carol. 73. 1788, non L., 1767 Panicum giganteum Scheele, Linnaea 22: 340–341. 1849. Type: “In trockenen felsigen Flusebett des Cibolo zwischen San Antonio und Neubraunfels”; Lindheimer s.n. Panicum glaberrimum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 94. 1854. Type: “Cultum ex H. Berol. sem. 1840. sub. Ichnantus glaber. Link. Am. sptr.” 266 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Panicum kunthii E. Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. Centr.- Amer., Bot. 3: 490. 1885, non Steud., 1841 Chasea virgata (L.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 64. 1911 [Generic name invalidly published.] Panicum pruinosum Bernh. ex Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 191. 1826 (as “pruinosi”), nom. nud. Type. “Habitat in Virginia.” Lectotype: Clayton 578, Herb. Linn. No. 80.61 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 118. 1908. Distribution. India [North America, South America]. Native to North America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. It is unclear if this species is naturalized in India or only cultivated. Pseudechinolaena Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 494. 1919 Type. Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf (Echinolaena polystachya Kunth). 723. Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 495. 1919 Echinolaena polystachya Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 119 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: Colombia; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P). “Crescit in ripa fluminis Magdalenae inter Tenerife et Zambrano.” Echinolaena trinii Zoll. & Moritz, Syst. Verz. (Zollinger) 102. 1846. Type: “Panicum uncinatum Trin, V.3. non Brown” Lappago aliena Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 15. 1822. Type: “Hab. in Brasilia”; Zeyher s.n. Panicum uncinatum Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. [Raddi] 41–42. 1823. Lectoype: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro “Invenitur cum precedenti, in sylvaticis prope Catumby, non procul ab Urbe Rio de Janeiro”; Raddi s.n. (PI). LT designated by Baldini & LonghiWagner Taxon 55(2): 477. 2006 Panicum heteranthum Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 212. 1827. Type: “Habitat in Brasilia.” Panicum nemorosum sensu Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 173. 1826, non Sw., 1788 Panicum glandulosum Nees ex Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 174. 1826, nom. nud. Panicum polystachyum (Kunth) K. Schum., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 103. 1895, non A. Rich ex Kunth, 1833, nec J. Presl & C. Presl, 1828. Distribution. Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 267 Pseudoraphis Griff. ex Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(93): 210. 1928 Lectotype. Pseudoraphis brunoniana (Wall. & Griff.) Griff. ex Pilg. (Panicum brunonianum Wall. & Griff.) LT Designated by Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 272. 1941. 724. Pseudoraphis brunoniana (Wall. & Griff.) Griff. ex Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(93): 210. 1928 Panicum brunonianum Wall. & Griff., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 5: 574. 1836. Type: Bangladesh (“Bengal”): Sylhet District, near Goalnuyar; September 28, 1835 (locality uncertain); W. Griffith 6559 (L). “Hab. In aquis leniter currentibus profundis plagarum Bheels dictarum prope Goalna.” (vide Tropicos). Chamaeraphis spinescens (R. Br.) Poir. var. brunoniana (Wall. & Griff.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 62. 1896 Panicum intermedium Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 29. 1851, nom. invalid. Holcus natans Roxb. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 62. 1896, nom. nud. Distribution. Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Odisha, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 725. Pseudoraphis minuta (Mez) Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(93): 210. 1928 Chamaeraphis minuta Mez, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7(63): 48. 1917. Syntypes: Vietnam: Bengalia inferior prope Daccar; C.B. Clarke 17040 (B). Vietnam: Tonkin, prope Hanoi ad paludum margines; B. Balansa 1593, 1592, 4779 (P). Burma; Kurz s.n. Cachar; Keenan s.n. Chamaeraphis gracilis sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 62. 1896, non Hack., 1885 Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 726. Pseudoraphis sordida (Thwaites) S.M. Phillips & S.L. Chen. Novon 13: 469. 2003 Panicum sordidum Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 443. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Columbo, G. Thwaites C. P. 3857 (K) Pseudoraphis spinescens (R. Br.) Vickery var. depauperata (Nees ex Hook.f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 354. 1960. 268 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. West Bengal. Habit. Perennial. 727. Pseudoraphis squarrosa (L.f.) Chase, J. Arnold Arbor. 20(3): 313. 1939 Andropogon squarrosus L. f., Suppl. Pl. 433. 1782 (“1781”) (as “squarrosum”). Type: “Habitat circa Zeylonam natans supra stagna profundiora rarior.” Koenig s.n. Anatherum squarrosum (L.f.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 151. 1812 Echinochloa squarrosa (L.f.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 479. 1817. Orthopogon squarrosus (L.f.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 307. 1824 (“1825”) Chamaeraphis squarrosa (L.f.) Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 203. 1925 Panicum spinescens R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 193. 1810. Type: Australia: New South Wales, near Port Jackson; R. Brown s.n. (BM). Chamaeraphis spinescens (R. Br.) Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 2: 189. 1811 Pseudoraphis spinescens (R. Br.) Vickery, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 62: 69. 1952 (“1950”) Panicum abortivum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 193. 1810. Type: “Littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.” Chamaeraphis abortiva (R. Br.) Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 2: 189. 1811 Orthopogon abortivus (R. Br.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel]1: 306. 1824 (“1825”) Pseudoraphis abortiva (R. Br.) Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(93): 210. 1928 Pseudoraphis aspera Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(93): 210. 1928 Chamaeraphis aspera Nees, Numer. List. (Wallich). no. 8679. 1849 Panicum squarrosum (L.f.) Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 4: 733. 1798, non Retz., 1786 Panicum asperum J. Koenig, Naturforscher (Halle) 23: 209. 1788, non Lam., 1778. Type: India: Calcutta; January, 1785; J. Koenig s.n. Chamaeraphis spinosa P. Beauv. ex Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 253. 1824, nom. nud. pro. syn. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. It is unclear whether the name for this species should be Pseudoraphis squarrosa, based on Andropogon squarrosus as noted here, or P. spinescens. Bor (1960) suggests that A. squarrosus may be a nom. confusum. If so, then the basionym Panicum spinescens R. Br. would take priority. Checklist of the grasses of India 269 Sacciolepis Nash, Man. Fl. N. States (Britton) 89. 1901 Type. Sacciolepis gibba (Elliott) Nash (Panicum gibbum Elliott). 728. Sacciolepis curvata (L.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 8. 1908 Panicum curvatum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 2: 732. 1767. Type: “Habitat in Suratte.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.60 (LINN). LT designated by Simon in Kew Bull. 27: 390. 1972. Panicum coryophorum Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 387. t. 107. 1831. Type: “Crescit in Madagascaria”; A. Petit-Thours s.n. (P). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 729. Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 8. 1908 var. indica Aira indica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 63 (“spicata”), Errata (“indicum”). 1753. Type: “Habitat ad villas et plateas Indiae orientalis. Koenig.” Neotype: Sri Lanka. Sabaragamuwa Province, Ratnagsura District; October 22, 1974; Davidse 7871 (K). NT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 244. 2000. Hymenachne indica (L.) Buese, Pl. Jungh. 377. 1854 Panicum angustum Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 3: t. 334. 1835. Type: “Figura ad specimen Nepalense” Panicum indicum Mill. var. angustum (Trin.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 42. 1896 Panicum arcuatum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 189. 1810. Type: “littoral tropical New Holland”; Banks s.n. Panicum conglomeratum L., Mant. Pl. Altera 324. 1771. Type: “Habitat [in India.] Sp. Pl. 1: 63 (1753)” Neotype: Sri Lanka: Sabaragamuwa Province, Ratnagsura District; October 22, 1974; Davidse 7871 (K). Neotype designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 244. 2000. Panicum contractum Wight. & Arn. ex Nees, Linnaea 10 (Litt.-Ber.): 117. 1836. Type: “Hab. in Penins. Ind. ord. Seminiferum exemplum e China retulit co. Meyen.” Panicum indicum Mill. var. brachiatum Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 148. 1900. Type: Abundant throughout the hotter parts of the Island; Peradeniya; Thwaites s.n. Panicum microstachyum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 170. 1791, nom superfl. & illeg.? Type: “Ex India. Sonner An P. curvatum L.” 270 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Panicum phalarioides Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 452. 1817 [as “phalaroides” in IPNI and Tropicos]. Type: “Specimen nostrum nominee Phalarides insignitum Lahaye attulit e Java.” Sacciolepis spicata Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3(1): 261. 1930, invalid Panicum myuros Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 172. 1791 (as “myruos”). Type: “Ex America merid. Comm. A D. Richard.” French Guiana; D. LeBlond s.n. (P-LA). Panicum indicum (L.) L., Mant. Pl. Altera 184. 1771, nom. later hom. & illeg., non Mill., 1768 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 730. Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase var. intermedia Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83(1): 184–185. 1986 Type. India: Maharashtra, Savantwadi, Charatha; December 31, 1977; S.M. Almeida 1393. Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 731. Sacciolepis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(4): 757. 1920 Hymenachne interrupta (Willd.) Buese, Pl. Jungh. 377. 1854 Panicum interruptum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(1): 341. 1797. Type: “Habitat in Indiae stagnis.” Panicum inundatum Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 34. 1829, nom. illeg. superfl. Panicum uliginosum Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 50. 1821. Type: “Heyne ex India Orientali.” Panicum indicum sensu Hack. in Bol. Soc. Brot. 5: 210. 1887, non L., 1771 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 271 732. Sacciolepis myosuroides (R. Br.) Chase ex E.G. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 460. 1922 Hymenachne myosuroides (R. Br.) Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 143. 1890 Panicum myosuroides R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 189. 1810. Type: “Littora novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.” Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. Setaria P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 178. 1812, nom. cons. Type. Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. (Panicum viride L.), type cons. 733. Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 47. 1829 Panicum barbatum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171. 1791. Type: “Ex Insula Franciae.” Mauritius; P. Commerson s.n. (P). Chaetochloa barbata (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 348. 1917 Panicum costatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 314. 1820. Type: “Introduced into the Botanical Garden from the Mauritius, by Captain Tennant, in 1802.” Chamaeraphis costata (Roxb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891 Chamaeraphis viatica Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 770. 1891 Panicum basisetum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 52. 1853. Type: “Jardin legit in Guinea.” Setaria basiseta (Steud.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz]. 5: 772. 1894 Panicum rarisetum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 52. 1853. Type: “Ins. Borbonia et var. minor Ins. Maurit. Siber hrbr. Mixt. Nr. 144.” Panicum rhachitrichum Hochst., Flora 27: 254. 1844. Type: “Habitat agros in Nubiae provincia Cordofan.” Sudan; Kotschyi, in pll. exsicc. Un. it. ex Kotschyi itin. Nubico s.n. Setaria rachitricha (Hochst.) Rendle, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2(1): 188. 1899. Type: Sudan. Nubia, Prov. Cordofan, C.G.T. Kotschy s.n. (isotypes, BR!, M!, P!, TUB) Setaria costata Stapf, Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 10: 250. 1919, nom. nud. Panicum flavescens sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 56. 1896, non Sw., 1788 272 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Panicum viaticum Salzm. ex Doell, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 155. 1877, non Griff. (1851), nom. superfl. & illeg. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 734. Setaria flavida (Retz.) Veldkamp, Blumea 39(1–2): 376. 1994 Panicum flavidum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 15. 1786–1787. Type: “E Zeylona misit honor Koenig.” Sri Lanka; Koenig s.n. (LD). Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 419. 1922 Panicum granulare Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 170. 1791. Type: “Ex ins. Francis”; Commerson s.n. Panicum distans Trinius, Sp. Gram. 2(15): tab. 172. 1829 Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus var. distans (Trin.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 29. 1896 Paspalidium distans (Trin.) Hughes, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1923: 317. 1923 Setaria distans (Trin.) Veldkamp, Blumea 39: 376. 1994 Panicum floridum Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 420. 1840, nom. nud, Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 735. Setaria forbesiana (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 81. 1896 Panicum forbesianum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 98. 1854. Type: Nepal: up to 5000 ft.; Royle 31 Setaria dubia B.J. Keng & Y.K. Ma, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2 (4): 421. 1980 Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha. [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 273 736. Setaria geminata (Forssk.) Veldkamp, Blumea 39(1–2): 377. 1994 Panicum geminatum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 18. 1775. Type: “Rofettae in pratis ad littoral Nili.” Egypt: Rashid; November 2–6, 1761; Forrskal s.n. (C). Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 583. 1920 Digitaria affinis Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 470. 1817. Type: “In Santa Fe de Bogota Ab amiciss. Zea nobiscum communicate.” Panicum affine (Roem. & Schult.) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 113. 1829 Paspalum appressum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791. Syntypes: Isle de France (Mauritius), Commerson s.n. (syntype, P-LA, isosyntype, US-2941981, fragment ex P-LA). Digitaria appressa (Lam.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805 Panicum appressum (Lam.) Döll, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(2): 184. 1877, non Forssk., 1775 Panicum beckmanniiforme J. C. Mikan ex Trin., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 83. 1821 (as “beckmanniaeforme”). Type: “Hab. in Brasilia.” (LE). Panicum briziforme J. Presl in C.B. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 302. 1830 (as “brizaeforme”). Type: “Habitat in Luzonia.” Lectotype: Philippines: Luzon; Haenke s.n. (MO, US-80492 (fragm.)). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 39: 377. 1994. Panicum fluitans Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 8. 1783. Type: “Misit Claris Koenig.” India; Koenig s.n. in Herb. Retzius (LD). holotype, LD neg. 7008 K; isotypes, BM, K, fragment). Panicum paspaloides Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 81. 1805. Type: “Hab. in India.” Panicum truncatum Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 130. 1826. Syntypes: India orientalis; Lindley s.n. Egypt; Sieber 28. Brazil; Nees ab Esenbeck s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 737. Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 26: 78. 1919 var. homonyma Panicum homonymum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 48. 1853. Type: “herb. Royle nr. 47” Nepal; Royle 47(P). holotype, P; isotype, K!, photo SI!) Panicum chamaeraphis Nees ex A. Braun., Index Sem. (Berlin) 1855 App. p. 20, non Trin., 1835 Panicum thollonii Franchet, Contr. Fl. Congo Franç.: 43. 1895 Setaria thollonii (Franchet) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 267. 1927. Lectotype: Democratic Republic of the Congo. “Congo Français: dans les sables de Brazzaville”, 1887, M. Thollon 826 (P!, photo SI!; duplicates, K!, photo SI!) Panicum bongaense Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33 : 44. 1902 274 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Setaria bongaensis (Pilger) Mez, Wiss. Erg. Zweit. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped., Bot. 2: 20. 1922. Lectotype: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bonga, Jul 1899, A. Schlechter 12647 (BR!; isolectotypes, G!, L!, US-1445616). Setaria aequalis Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 267. 1927. Type: Tanzania. Kilimanjaro: Marangu, 1500 m, Sep 1893, G. Volkens 914 (holotype, K!, photo SI!; isotype, E) Setaria kialaensis Vanderyst, Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 16: 682. 1925. Lectotype (designated here): Democratic Republic of the Congo. Boko-Nzadi, 1916, H. Vanderyst 6105 (BR!, photo SI!; duplicate BR, photo SI!) Setaria lancea Stapf ex Massey, Sudan Grasses: 34. 1926. Type: Sudan. Mongalla, 7 Apr 1907, Brown 1114 (K!). Setaria microprolepis Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 849. 1930. Type: Angola. Cungulungulo, F. Welwitsch 7176 (BM, K!, fragment). Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 738. Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov. var. depauperata Babu, Herb. Fl. Dehra Dun 642. 1977 Type. India: Uttarakhand, Dehra Dun, Robber’s cave; C.R. Babu 33485 (BSD). Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 739. Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 489. 1817 Panicum intermedium (Roem. & Schult.) Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 47–48. 1821, non Vahl, 1813 Panicum tomentosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 303. 1820. Type: “This is a delicate, rare species, found growing in tufts, or dry pasture ground over various parts of India.” Type: India. Herb. Roxburgh s.n. (holotype, BM!, isotypes, CAL!, K, Icon. Ined. 789!; K, Icon. Ined. 787!). Setaria tomentosa (Roxb.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 47. 1829 Type. “In India orientali; B. Heyne s.n.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Ra- Checklist of the grasses of India 275 jasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 740. Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 170, 178. 1812 Panicum italicum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 56. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Indiis.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen No. 912.356-242 (L). LT designated by Veldkamp in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 253. 2000. Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn., Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 39. 1897 Chamaeraphis italica (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 767. 1891 Ixophorus italicus (L.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 423. 1895 Pennisetum italicum (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 195. 1810 Panicum germanicum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Panicum no. 1. 1768. Type: German Panic C.B. P. 27 Chaetochloa germanica (Mill.) Smyth, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 25: 89. 1913 Pennisetum germanicum (Mill.) Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 277. 1816 Setaria germanica (Mill.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51. t. 13. 169, 178. 1812 Panicum italicum L. var. californicum Körn. & H. Werner, Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 273. 1885. Type: “Als Kalifornische Kolbenhirse.” Setaria californica Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 1: 26. 1873. Type: USA: from the head Valley of the Sacramento River; Dosh s.n. Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. var. germanica (Mill.) Schrad., Linnaea 12: 430. 1838 Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. subvar. condensa F.T. Hubb., Amer. J. Bot. 2: 195. 1915. Type: South Asia: Assam, Hathegaon, May 1902, Chatterjee s.n. (holotype, GH!). Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. var. purpureoseta F.T. Hubb., Amer. J. Bot. 2: 194. 1915. Type: India. Almona, Kumaon, elevation above the sea 5500 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom 3 (holotype, GH!). Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. fo. brachychaeta F.T. Hubb., Amer. J. Bot. 2: 192. 1915. Type: India. Mont. Khasia,. Hooker & Thompson s.n. (holotype, GH!). Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. var. bruneoseta F.T. Hubb., Amer. J. Bot. 2 192. 1915. Type: Philippines, Mendez Nuñez, Prov. Of Cavite, Luzon, Aug. 1906, Bureau of Science 1344 (L. Mangubat) (holotype, GH!). Panicum comosum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 53. 1853 Setaria comosa (Steud.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 468. 1857. Type: Cuming 489 (holotype, P!; isotype, K!). Setaria itieri Delile, Ind. Sem. Hort. Monap. Sci. Nat., ser. 3,12: 366. 1849. Type: Egypt. “Setaria italica major. Ex aegypto semina secum attulit et communicavit clarissimus Itier, qui uborrimum opus scripsit “Voyage in la Chine,” 2 vol. in -8 Paris, 1848.” 276 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Annual. 741. Setaria palmifolia (J. Koenig) Stapf, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 42: 186. 1914 Panicum palmifolium J. Koenig, Naturforscher (Halle) 23: 208. 1788. Type: Thailand; J. Koenig s.n. (US-978043 (fragm. ex FI)). (as” palmaefolium”) holotype, K!; isotypes, C?, FI, US-978043! fragment ex FI). Chamaeraphis palmifolia (J. Koenig) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891. Panicum palmifolium Willd. ex Poir., Encycl. Suppl. 4: 282. 1816, non J. Koenig (1788). Type: “Le lieu natal de cette plante n’est pas connu. (V.S. in herb. Desfont.)”. Chaetochloa palmifolia (Willd. ex Poir.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 348. 1917 Panicum plicatum Willd., Enum. Pl.: 1033. 1809, non Lam. (1791). Panicum neurodes Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 228. 1824. Type: Nepal: Buchanan s.n. Panicum neurodes Schult. var. roxburghianum A. Braun, Index Sem. (Berol.), App.: 20. 1855. Type: ‘In Nepalia (Wallich No. 8702 in herb. Nees ab E.), prope Courtallum (No. 1014) et in Bengalia prope Sillet (No. 8702 in herb. Kunth).’ Panicum sulcatum Aubl. var. roxburghianum (A. Braun) A. Braun ex K. Schuman & Lauterb., Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 178. 1900 Chamaeraphis neurodes (Schult.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891. Panicum plicatum Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1033. 1809, non Lam., 1791. Type: “Habitat in India orientali.” Panicum nervosum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 314. 1820, non Lam., 1791. Type: “From Nepal Dr. Buchanan sent the seed to the Botanical Garden, where the plants blossomed in October, just one year from the time the seed was sown.” Panicum lene Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 54. 1853. Type: Java: Zollinger 815. Setaria lenis (Steud.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 468. 1857 Panicum neurodes Schult. var. lene (Steud.) A. Braun, Index Sem. (Berol.), App.: 20. 1855 Chamaeraphis setosa (Sw.) Kuntze var. lenis (Steud.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 769. 1891. Type: Java. Tjikoja, Zollinger 815 (holotype, P; isotype, G). Panicum sulcatum Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 50. 1775. Type: “Croît su bord des rivieres.” Drawing by Plumier (P). Chaetochloa sulcata (Aubl.) Hitchc., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 17: 260. 1913 Chamaeraphis sulcata (Aubl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 770. 1891 Setaria sulcata (Aubl.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 30: 108. 1924, non Raddi, 1823 Checklist of the grasses of India 277 Chaetochloa palmifolia (Kuntze) Hitchcock & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 348, nom. superfl. 1917. Panicum nepalense Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 321. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. Chamaeraphis nepalensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891, nom. superfl. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Zuloaga notes that citations of Setaria paniculifera (Steud.) E. Fourn. ex Hemsley from India are erroneous, because that species is not present in the Old World. Material listed under this name should correspond to S. palmifolia (J. Koenig) Stapf. See also Morrone et al. (2014). Record for Nagaland fide Naithani (1990). 742. Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen, Lejeunia, n.s. 120: 161. 1987 Cenchrus parviflorus Poir., Encycl. 6: 52. 1804 Pennisetum parviflorum (Poir.) Trin., Gram. Panic.: 65. 1826 Chaetochloa corrugata var. parviflora (Poir.) Scribn. & Merr., U.S.D.A. Div. Agrostol. Rep. Agrostol. 21: 24, t. 12. 1900 Chaetochloa parviflora (Poir.) Scribn., Field Columbian Mus. Publ. 2: 26. 1900 Pennisetum indicum subvar. parviflora (Poir.) Leeke, Z. Naturwiss. 79: 19. 1907. Type: Puerto Rico. Without locality, without collector (holotype, P-LA, photo US3049717!). Setaria geniculata P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 169, 178. 1812 Panicum geniculatum Lam., Encycl. 4: 727 [737]. 1798, non Setaria P. Beauv. 1812. Type: Leeward Islands: Guadeloupe (type not located). Pennisetum geniculatum (Lam.) Jacq., Ecl. Gram. Rar. 2: 37. t. 26. 1820 Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. fo. ictura Buse in Miq., Pl. Jungh. 3: 29 (preprint: Feb 1854); 369 (Aug 1854) Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. var. ictura Jansen, Reinwardtia 2: 340. 1953. Lectotype: Junghuhn s.n. (designated by Veldkamp in sched., L-908.94-1139!). Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. subtessellata Buse in Miq., Pl. Jungh. 3: 29 (preprint: Feb 1854); 369 (Aug 1854). Lectotype: Indonesia. Without locality, Junghuhn s.n. (designated by Veldkamp, Blumea 39: 380.1994, L-903.342-138!). Setaria fieldingii Müll. Hal, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19: 323. 1861. Type: J.F. Fielding s.n. (isotype, SING!). 278 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Setaria laeta de Wit, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 17: 64. 1941. Type: South Africa. Cape, Amanzi, Jan 1939, J.M. Hector-de Wit s.n. in Herb H.C.D. de Wit 601 (PRE, photo SI, L, photo SI). Setaria roemeri Jansen, Reinwardtia 2: 340, f. 18. 1953. Type: Indonesia. New Guinea, without locality, L.S.A.M. von Römer 611 (L). Setaria montana Reeder, J. Arn. Arbor. 29: 304, t. 3. 1948. Type: Indonesia. New Guinea, 18 km NE of Lake Habbema, Bele River, 2000 m, very abundant on old garden lands, habit ascending, Nov 1938, L.J. Brass 11488 (holotype, A; isotype, US-1761769!). Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. var. hirtipes Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 23: 109. 1968. Type: Thailand. Lamphun: en route from Ban Khun Tan to Doi Khun Tan, ca. 700 m alt., 4 Sept. 1967, Tagawa, Iwatsuki, Koyama, Fukuoka, Nalampoon & Chintayungkun 9188 (holotype, KYO; isotype, A). Panicum berteronianum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 50. 1854 Panicum flavum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 238. 1829. Type: “Campis graminosis provinciae Piauhiensis, tum in campis ad Joazeiro provinciae Pernambucensis et Bahiensis.” Lectotype: Brazil: Bahia; K.F.P. von Martius s.n. (M). LT designated by Pensiero in Darwiniana 37: 89. 1999. Panicum imberbe Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 272. 1816. Type: “In America septentrionali & Brasilia.” Setaria imberbis (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 891. 1817 Distribution. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [also in North America, South America]. Naturalized. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Probably native to the New World, but possibly Africa; see Kellogg et al. (2009). Widespread and weedy. 743. Setaria plicata (Lam.) T. Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: 919. 1908 Panicum plicatum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171. no. 892. 1791. Type: “Cette espece est cultivee au Jardin du Museum on la dit originaire de I’lsle-de-france; d’autres pensent qu’elle a été envoyée de saint Domingue.” Cultivated in Paris, origin uncertain; Anonymous s.n. (P). Type: Anon. in Herb. Lamarck (‘cult. in horto Reg. parisiensis’) (holotype, P, IDC microfiche 6207, fiche 689/19; isotype, B, Herb. Willdenow 18734/3, IDC microfiche 7440; US, fragm.). Panicum excurrens Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1: t. 89. 1827. Type: Nepal. Without locality, Wallich s.n. (holotype, LE; isotype, G, W). Setaria excurrens (Trin.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 2: 275. 1867. Setaria mauritiana Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 305. 1824 (“1825”). Type: Mauritius. Without locality, Bory de Saint-Vincent s.n. (holotype, B-W-18814!). Checklist of the grasses of India 279 Panicum neurodes Schult. var. blepharoneuron A. Braun, App. Gen. & Sp. Nov. Hort. Reg. Berol. 20. 1856 (“1855”). Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8703(B). holotype, B; isotypes, K, L!). Setaria palmifolia Stapf var. blepharoneuron (A. Braun) Veldkamp, Floribunda 1(6): 22. 1988 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 744. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 891. 1817 Panicum pumilum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 273. 1816. Type: “J’ignore le lieu natal de cette plante. (V.s. in herb. Desfont).” locality unknown but probably France or North Africa; Desfontaines s.n. (FI, P). Panicum pallide-fuscum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 78. 1827. Type: Ghana; Thonning s.n. Setaria glauca var. pallide-fusca (Schumacher) T. Koyama, J. Jap. Bot. 37: 237. 1962 Setaria pumila var. pallide-fusca (Schumacher) B.K. Simon, Austrobaileya 2: 22. 1984. Type: Ghana. Withouth locality, P. Thonning s.n. (C, photo BM; isotype and drawing, K!). Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930: 259. 1930 Setaria glauca sensu Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 326. 1931, non (L.) P. Beauv., 1812 Panicum rubiginosum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 50. 1853 Setaria rubiginosa (Steud.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 467. 1857 Setaria aurea var. rubiginosa (Steud.) Peter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40: 233. 1931. Type: Philippines. Without locality, H. Cuming 551 (holotype, P; isotypes, G, K, L, MO). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Burma, China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 745. Setaria punctata (Burm. f.) Veldkamp, Blumea 39(1–2): 381. 1994 Panicum punctatum Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 26. 1768. Lectotype: India; Plukenet s.n. (BM). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 672. 1982. 280 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Paspalidium punctatum (Burm. f.) E.G. Camus & A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 419. 1922 Panicum mucronatum Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 425. 1817. Type: India; Benj. Heyne s.n. (B). “Roth Nov. Plant Spec. Mss” cited. Paspalum aquaticum Masamune & Syozi, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 34: 303. 1944. Type: Taiwan, without collector s.n. (holotype, TAI). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 746. Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb in D. Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 795. 1930 Panicum sphacelatum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 78–79. 1827. Type: Ghana; Thonning s.n. (C, K, photo SI). Chaetochloa aurea (Schumach.) Hitchc., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 128. 1916 Panicum chrysanthum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 50. 1853. Type: “Hochst hrbr. Un. It. 409.” Panicum rudimentosum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 51. 1853. Type: “Leprieur legit in Senegalia.” Setaria aurea Hochst. ex A.Braun, Flora 24: 276. 1841. Type: Cultivated at Karlruhe from seed collected by Schimper in Ethiopia; Schimper 409 (MO-IT). Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 747. Setaria sulcata Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. [Raddi] 50. 1823 Panicum poiretianum Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 229. 1824 Setaria poiretiana (Schult.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 47. 1829 Chaetochloa poiretiana (Schult.) Hitchc., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 22: 159. 1920 Panicum sulcatum Bertol., Opusc. Sci. 14: 230. 1820, non Aubl., 1775. Type: “Habitat in Brasilia.” Brazil: Rio de Janeiro; Raddi 17 (FI) (FI, K, US fragment & photo ex FI). Panicum elongatum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 278. 1816, non Salisb., 1796, nec Pursh 1813. Type: “Cette plante croit au Bresil”; Desfontaines s.n. (FI, K, P, fragment, US-80632). Panicum phyllomacrum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 53. 1853. Type: Gabon. Without locality, E. Jardin s.n. (holotype, P, photo SI). Checklist of the grasses of India 281 Setaria phyllomacra (Steud.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 773. 1895. Panicum prolisetum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 52. 1853. Type: São Tomé and Príncipe. Without locality and collector (type, P, fragment and photo SI). Setaria proliseta (Steud.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 774. 1894. Panicum megaphyllum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 53. 1853. Type: Gabon. Without locality, 1846, E. Jardin 26 (holotype, P, photo SI; isotype, G, photo SI, US-80795, fragment ex P). Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 773. 1894. Setaria macrophylla Andersson, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 2: 550. 1854. Type: Mozambique. “An den lichten Randern hoher Walder, in Marschboden... in der Nahe von Boror, 18’ S.B.”, A. Peter 1842-48 (holotype, B, destroyed). Panicum plicatile Hochst., Flora 38: 198. 1855. Type: Ethiopia. Without locality, 1853, G.W. Schimper in Herb. Buchinger 1456 (BR, photo SI, G, photo SI, K, photo SI, P, photo SI, STR). Setaria plicatilis (Hochst.) Hack. ex Engler, Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 2: 121. 1891. Setaria oligochaete Schum. in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 105. 1895. Type: Tanzania. Kilimandscharo, 1000 m, 26 Dec 1893, G. Volkens 1605 (B, photo SI, E, photo SI, G, photo SI, K). Panicum oligochaete (Schum.) Kneucker, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst 21: 28. 1915. Panicum sulcatum var. stenophyllum Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 46. 1902. Syntypes: Togo. Bismarckburg, 1889, Kling 225 (B); Angola. Huilla, May 1895, Antunes 31 (B). Panicum plicatile var. glabrescens Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8: 31. 1903. Lectotype (designated here): Eritrea. Amasen, Asmara, 2400 m, Aug- Sep 1892, V. Ragazzi 43 (FT, photo SI). Panicum plicatile var. pilosum Chiov., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 31. 1903. Type: Eritrea. Mensa, Rora Ualicaué (Ovest), 1900 m, 8 Jan 1893, A. Terracciano & A. Pappi 670 (FI, photo SI). Setaria caudula Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 845. 1930. Type: Uganda. Kipayo, 4000 ft., Mar 1915, R.A. Dümmer 2416 (BR, fragment, photo SI, K, photo SI, WAG). Setaria chevalieri Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 842. 1930. Lectotype (designated here): Gabon. Mayumba, Jan 1904, A.J.B. Chevalier 11282 (P, photo SI). Setaria megaphylla var. chevalieri (Stapf & C.E. Hubb.) Berhaut, Fl. Senegal 2: 401. 1954. Setaria acuta Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 846. 1930. Type: Ethiopia. Amba Sea, 2300 m, 12 Mar 1863, Schimper 789 (K, photo SI, PRE, photo SI). Setaria insignis de Wit, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 17: 13, 15. 1941. Type: South Africa. Cape Province, Port St. Johns, S.E. Cape, Eagle´s Nest, slope of Western Gate, 7 Feb 1924, C. Howlett 35 (holotype, PRE, photo SI, isotype, L, fragment, photo SI). Setaria natalensis de Wit, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 17: 19. 1941. Type: South Africa. Natal, Kwazulu-Natal, J. Buchanan 268 (holotype, NH; isotype, L, fragment, photo SI). 282 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Type. “In marginibus fossarum udarum prope Catumby, non procul ad urbe Rio de Janeiro.” Brazil: Rio de Janeiro; Raddi 17 (FI). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [also in Africa, North America, South America]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Probably native to the Americas. 748. Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 171, 178. 1812 Panicum verticillatum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 82. 1762. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi & Oriente.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.7 (LINN). LT designated by Sherif & Siddiqi in El-Gadi (ed.), Fl. Libya 145: 296. 1988. Chaetochloa verticillata (L.) Scribn., Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 4: 39. 1897 Ixophorus verticillatus (L.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 422. 1895 Pennisetum verticillatum (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 488. 1817 in syn. Panicum adhaerens Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 20. 1775. Type: “Hadie” Lectotype: Yemen, Al Hadiyah; 1763; Forsskål s.n. (LD). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 39: 383. 1994. Setaria adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 26: 77. 1919 Panicum aparine Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 52. 1853. Type: “Jardin legit in Senegambia, Despreaux in Ins. Canar.” Pennisetum respiciens A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 379. 1850–1851. Type: Ethiopia: “Crescit in convalle fluvii Tacazze prope Tchelatchekanne, mensibus Augusto ad Octobrem (Quartin Dillon et Schimper).” Panicum rottleri (Spreng.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 53. 1841, non Kunth 1829 Panicum asperum Lam., Fl. Franc. (Lamarck). 3: 577. 1779 (“1778”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Panicum verticillatum Setaria teysmannii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 468. 1857. (‘teysmanni’). Type: Java., Besuki, Sumberwaru, Teysmann s.n. (holotype, U!). Panicum adhaerens Forssk. var. miquelii A. Braun, Append. Gen. Sp. Hort. Berol. 1871: 7. 1872 Setaria verticillata P. Beauv. fo. miquelii (A. Braun) A. Braun ex Backer in Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind. 1: 205. 1922 Panicum verticillatum L. fo. miquelii (A. Braun) A. Braun ex Backer in Heyne, Nutt. Pl. Ned.-Ind., ed. 2, 1: 204. 1927. Type: Java, 25 Nov 1843, Zollinger 2729 (isotypes, G, P). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 283 749. Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 171, 178. 1812 Panicum viride L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 870. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in Europa australi.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 83. 1762” Lectotype: Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 80.12 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1861. 1985. Distribution. Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Spinifex L., Mant. Pl. Altera 163, 300. 1771 Type. Spinifex squarrosus L. 750. Spinifex littoreus (Burm. f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 229. 1912 Stipa littorea Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 29. 1768. Type: “Rompot laut Javanis” Rheed. Hort. Malab. 12. P. 143. t. 75. Spinifex squarrosus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 300. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Indiae orientalis arenosis maritimis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1216.2 (LINN). LT designated by Heyligers in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 257. 2000. Stipa spinifex L., Mant. Pl. 34. 1767. Type: “Habitat in Indiae arenosis maritimis.” Lectotype = “Cyperus littoreus echinato capite” in Rumphius, Herb. Amboin., 6: 6, t. 2, f. 2, 1750. LT designated by Heyligers in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 257. 2000. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Not recorded. Stenotaphrum Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 175. 1820 Type. Stenotaphrum glabrum Trin., nom. superfl. (Panicum dimidiatum L., Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) Brongn.). 751. Stenotaphrum dimidiatum (L.) Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(2): 127. 1831 Panicum dimidiatum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 57. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.25 (LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 253. 2000. 284 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Stenotaphrum glabrum Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 176. 1820 Stenotaphrum koenigii Schrank, Flora 7(2), Beil. 1: 28. 1824. Type: India; 1784; Koenig s.n. Stenotaphrum secundatum sensu Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 327. 1931, non S. secundatum (Walter) Kuntze, 1891 Distribution. Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Trachys Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805 Type. Trachys mucronata Pers., nom. illeg. (Cenchrus muricatus L., Trachys muricata (L.) Trin. 752. Trachys copeana Kabeer & V.J. Nair, Kew Bull. 62(3): 503–505. f. 1. 2007 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari District, between Kollengode and Chinnathurai, near Marthandam; September 18, 2003; K.A.A. Kabeer 117134 (CAL). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual or perennial. 753. Trachys deccanensis M. Anil Kumar & B.R.P. Rao. Rheedea 27(2): 79. 2017 Type. India, Andhra Pradesh, Kurnool district, Kadivella near Yemmiganur, 16 November 2016, B. Ravi Prasad Rao, K. V. Subbaiah & M. Anil Kumar 52099 (holotype: SKU; isotype: CAL) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh. Habit. Annual. 754. Trachys muricata (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805 (as “mucronata”) Cenchrus muricatus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 302. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Neotype: India: Tamil Nadu, Madras, South Arcot, Chidambarum, Kille, Anuvampattu; Venugopal in RHT No. 21360 (K). Neotype designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 249. 2000. Trachyozus muricata (L.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 112. 1854 Panicum squarrosum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 15. 1786–1787. Type: “In arenosis Malabariae tempore pluvioso frequens”; Koenig s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 285 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Persoon misspelled the Linnaean epithet “muricata” as “mucronata” and used the latter in his comb. nov. (a correctable error). 755. Trachys narasimhanii Ravich., Rheedea 23(1): 22. 2013. Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Ennore, VGP Wonderland, 15 – 22 m, 28 November 1992, P. Ravichandran & D. Narasimhan 408 (holotype: MH; isotype: K, MCCH, SPKCESH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Tricholaena Schrad., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 8, 163. 1824 Lectotype. Tricholaena micrantha Schrad. (Saccharum teneriffae L. f., Tricholaena teneriffae (L. f.) Link.) LT designated by Hitchcock in Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 241. 1920. 756. Tricholaena teneriffae (L.f.) Link, Handbuch [Link] 1: 91. 1829 Saccharum teneriffae L.f., Suppl. Pl. 106. 1782 (“1781”). Type: “Habitat in Teneriffa”; Fr. Masson s.n. (LINN). Melinis teneriffae (L.f.) Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 51: 464. 1901 Panicum plumosum Presl, Fl. Sicul. (Presl) 1: 43(XLIII). 1826 Panicum saccharoides Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 245. 1826 Agrostis plumosa Ten., Fl. Napol. Suppl. 1: 49. 1811. Type: Italy: Naples, presumably Tricholaena micrantha Schrad., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 163. 1824, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Saccharum teneriffae Distribution. Karnataka, Punjab [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Urochloa P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 52. 1812 Type. Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. 286 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 757. Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster, The Australian Paniceae (Poaceae) 223. 1987 var. brizantha Panicum brizanthum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 363. 1850–1851. Type: Ethiopia: Tigre: “In declivibus meridionalis partis mediae et superioris monte Sellenda prope Adouba.” October 3, 1837; Schimper 89 (P). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(2): 417. 1996. Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 531. 1919 Distribution. Kerala [Papua New Guinea, Africa, North America, South America]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). It is unclear if this taxon actually occurs in India or if this is a misapplication based on Brachiaria decumbens sensu Senaratna. 758. Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster var. ciliata (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 35(1– 4): 29. 1993 Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf var. ciliata Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 379. 1983 Distribution. Karnataka [Sri Lanka]. Native to Africa. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 759. Urochloa chenaveeraiana (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 35(1–4): 28. 1993 Brachiaria chennaveeraiana Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 378. 1983 Distribution. Rajasthan. Habit. Not recorded. 760. Urochloa decumbens (Stapf ) R.D. Webster, Austral. Paniceae (Poaceae) 234. 1987 Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 528. 1919. Syntypes: Uganda: Mengo District; Dummer 1070 (K). Tanzania, Bukoba District; Grant 488 (K). Checklist of the grasses of India 287 Brachiaria brizantha sensu Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 145. 1956, non Hochst. ex A. Rich., 1851 Distribution. Kerala, Rajasthan. Native to Africa. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990). 761. Urochloa deflexa (Schumach.) H. Scholz, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia Sér. 4, 11(4): 443. 1990 Panicum deflexum Schumach., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk. Math. Afh. 3: 83–84. 1827 Brachiaria deflexa (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb. ex Robyns Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 9: 181. 1932 (“1931”) Pseudobrachiaria deflexa (Schumach.) Launert, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 8: 158. 1970 Brachiaria regularis (Nees) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 544. 1919 Panicum regulare Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 41. 1841, in obs. Type: “Patria Guinea. Vidi in Herbario Lehmanniano.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 762. Urochloa distachyos (L.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 13. 1966 (as “distachya”) Panicum distachyon L., Mant. Pl. Altera 183–184. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.41 (LINN). LT designated by Henrard in Monogr. Digitaria 191. 1950 Brachiaria distachyos (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 565. 1919 in obs. (as “distachya”) Digitaria distachyos (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 41. 1853 (as “distachya”), cited as synonym of Panicum bicorne Sieber ex Steud. Panicum miliiforme J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 300. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Luzonia.” Philippine Islands: Luzon; Haenke s.n. (PR). Brachiaria miliiformis (J. Presl) A. Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(1): 35. 1920 Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc. var. miliiformis (J. Presl) S.L. Chen & Y.X. Jin, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(6): 472. 1984 288 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Brachiaria miliiformis (J. Presl) Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(1): 35. 1920 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 763. Urochloa hybrida (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 28. 1997 (“1993”) Brachiaria hybrida Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B, 49(4): 379. 1983 Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Not recorded. 764. Urochloa kurzii (Hook. f.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 13. 1966 Panicum kurzii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 38. 1896. Type: Seebpore; Kurz s.n.(K). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(2): 422. 1996. Brachiaria kurzii (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 438. 1922 Brachiaria lanceata Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 4. 1947. Type: Indonesia: Java, Jawa Timur, Kangean; 1920; Backer 27829 (BO). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [also in Indonesia, Australia]. Habit. Annual. 765. Urochloa lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 112. 1934 var. lata Panicum latum Schumach., Beskr. Guin. pl. 61. 1827. Type: Ghana; Thonning 353 Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: sub. t. 3363. 1938 Panicum insculptum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 49. 1853. Type: Guinea; Jardin s.n. Urochloa insculpta (Steud.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 599. 1920 Distribution. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh. Native to Africa. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 289 766. Urochloa lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb. var. pubescens (C.E. Hubb.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212129-1 Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb. var. pubescens C.E. Hubb., Kew Bull. 4: 125. 1949. Type. Nigeria: Sokoto Province, Sokoto; July 30, 1910; Dalziel 477 Distribution. Rajasthan [also in Africa]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). The above combination is made here to transfer Brachiaria lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb. var. pubescens C.E. Hubb. to Urochloa as a variety of U. lata (Schumach.) C. E. Hubb. 767. Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy, J. Bot. 69(2): 54. 1931 Panicum mosambicense Hack., Bol. Soc. Brot. 6: 140. 1888. Type: “Prope Moçambique.” Mozambique; 1886; M.R. de Carvalho 19 (W). Echinochloa notabilis (Hook. f.) Rhind, Grasses of Burma 50. 1945 (as “notabile”) Panicum notabile Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 32. 1896. Type: Burma, Petroleum wells of the Irawaddi; Wallich s.n. Distribution. Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar]. Native to Africa. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990). 768. Urochloa munae (Basappa) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 29. 1997 (“1993”) Brachiaria munae Basappa, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Pl. Sci. 93(1): 53. f. 1. 1984. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Madurai Kamaraj University Campus; December 20, 1979; Basappa 3001 (CAL). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 769. Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 13. 1966 Panicum muticum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 20. 1775. Type: Egypt: “Rosettae” (Rashid); November 2–6, 1761; Forsskal 86 (C). Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, Prain, Fl. Trop. Afri. 9: 526. 1919 290 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Brachiaria purpurascens (Raddi) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 434. 1940 Panicum amphibium Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 61. 1853. Type: Java; Zollinger no. 416 (P). Panicum barbinode Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 3(27): t. 318. 1831. Type: “Figura ad specimen Bahiense.” Brazil: Bahia; 1831; Riedel in Herb. Trinus 0601.01 (LE). Panicum punctulatum Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62. 1853. Type: Sri Lanka; Wight Herb. no. 2039 Panicum purpurascens Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. [Raddi] 47–48. 1823. Lectotype: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro “ Multum habet affinitatem cum precedenti cum quo mixtum invenitur, licet etiam sponte oriatur”; G. Raddi s.n. (PI). LT designated by Baldini & Longhi-Wagner Taxon 55(2): 479. 2006 Panicum pictigluma Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 73. 1853, nom superfl. & illeg. for P. purpurascens Raddi Panicum molle sensu Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. (Grisebach) 547. 1864, non Sw., 17 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [also in Indonesia, Africa, Australia, North America, South America]. Habit. Annual. 770. Urochloa nilagirica (Bor) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1– 4): 29. 1997 (“1993”) Brachiaria nilagirica Bor, Bot. Tidsskr. 67(4): 325. 1973. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills; Perrottet 1357 (K). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Not recorded. 771. Urochloa oligotricha (Fig. & De Not.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 502. 1941 Panicum oligotrichum Fig. & de Not., Agrost. Aegypt. 17, t. 10. 1853. Type: “ad amnem coeruleum in Nubia superiore.” Sudan: Nubia; Figari s.n. Helopus bolbodes Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 100. 1854. Type: Ethiopia; Schimper 2021 (P) “Abyssin; Hochst Hrbr. Abyss. nr. 2021” Urochloa bolbodes (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(4): 593. 1920 Eriochloa bolbodes (Hochst. ex Steud.) Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2 (App. 2): 17. 1894 Panicum bolbodes (Hochst. ex Steud.) Aschers., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 300. 1867 Panicum numidianum sensu Hack., Bull. Herb. Boissier 4(App. 3): 14. 1896, non Lam., 1791 Checklist of the grasses of India 291 Distribution. India [Africa]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 772. Urochloa ovalis (Stapf ) Zon, Blumea 64(3): 215. 2019 Brachiaria ovalis Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 546. 1919. Syntypes: Somalia: Bohotle; Appleton s.n. (K). Somalia: Haud; Thompson s.n. (K). Ethiopia: Habab; Hildebrandt 337 (K). Ethiopia; Salt s.n. (BM). Distribution. Punjab [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. The above combination is made here to transfer Brachiaria ovalis Stapf to Urochloa. 773. Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 53. t. 11. f. 1. 1812 Panicum javanicum Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 274. 1816. Type: “Cette plante croit a l’ile de Java (V.s. in herb. Desfont.)”; Desfontaines s.n. Urochloa marathensis Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 43: 2. 1922. Type: “Hab. India orient: Southern Maratha Country and North Canara, Bombay Presidency, collected and presented by A.P. Young, Esq. I.N. Anno 1884 ex Herbario Musie Britannici in Herb. Lugd. Batav. Sub no. 90.92-2300.” Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. var. marathensis (Henrard) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 373. 1960 Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. var. velutina (Henrard) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 373. 1960 Urochloa marathensis Henrard var. velutina Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 43: 2. 1922. Type: “Hab. cum praecedente Young legit in Herb. Lugd. Bat. Sub no. 908.83-143.” Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. var. pubescens (Kunth) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 372. 1960 Urochloa pubescens Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 31. 1829. Type: “Insulae Mascarenae, Nova Hollandia.” Type. Mauritius: Isle de France, to about 4800 ft., mainly in cultivated land; Jussieu s.n. (P-type is lost). Neotype: P. Beauv., Ess. Agrost. pl. 11. f. 1. 1812. NT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41: 433. 1996. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 292 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 774. Urochloa paspaloides J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 318. 1830 Brachiaria paspaloides (J. Presl) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: sub. t. 3363. 1938 Panicum ambiguum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3, 1(2–3): 243. 1834, non (DC.) Lapeyr. ex Le Turq., 1816 Type. “Habitat in Luzonia ad Sorzogon.” Philippine: Luzon Islands, Sorzogon; Haenke s.n. (PR). Distribution. Assam, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 775. Urochloa pullulans Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(4): 590. 1920 Panicum geminatum sensu Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2App. 2): 19. 1894, non Forssk., 1775 Distribution. India [also in Africa]. Habit. Not recorded. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 776. Urochloa ramosa (L.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 13. 1966 Panicum ramosum L., Mant. Pl. 29. 1767. Type: “Habitat in Indiis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.44 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Nasir and Ali (ed.), Fl. Pakistan 143: 207. 1982. Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf., Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 542. 1919 Urochloa ramosa (L.) R.D. Webster, Austral. Paniceae (Poaceae) 251. 1987, isonym. Panicum arvense Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 391. t. 109. 1831. Type: “Crescit ubique in arvis Senegaliae.” Leprieur s.n. Panicum brachylachnum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62. 1853. Type: Senegalia; Leprieur s.n. Panicum canescens Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 457. 1817. Type: India orientalis Panicum cognatissimum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 69. 1853. Type: Segegambia; Leprieur s.n. Urochloa supervacua (C.B. Clarke) Noltie, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 394. 1999 Panicum supervacuum C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 407–408. f. A-E. 1888. Lectotype: India: West Bengal, Baladum, alt. 400 ft.; May 28, 1884; C.B. Clarke 35103 (K). LT designated by Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 394. 1999. Checklist of the grasses of India 293 Brachiaria marselinii Gawade & Gavade, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 101(2): 291 -293. f. 1. 2004 (as “marselini”). Type: India: Maharashtra, Masure, Malvan, Sindhudurg; September 27, 2000; N.D. Gawade 1442 (BLAT). Panicum patens sensu Bojer, Hortus Maurit. 365. 1837, non L., 1753 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 777. Urochloa ramosa (L.) T.Q. Nguyen var. pubescens (Basappa & Muniy.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212130-1 Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf. var. pubescens Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B, 49(4): 380. 1983 Distribution. Karnataka, Rajasthan. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). The above combination is made here to transfer Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf var. pubescens to Urochloa, as a variety of U. ramosa. 778. Urochloa remota (Retz.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1– 4): 29. 1997 (“1993”) Panicum remotum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 17. 1786–1787. Type: “E Tranquebaria misit Opt. Koenig.” Brachiaria remota (Retz.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1005. 1924 Panicum petiveri Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 144. 1826 (as “petiverii”). Type: India orientalis; Lindley s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 294 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 779. Urochloa reptans (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 601. 1920 var. reptans Panicum reptans L., Syst. Nat., ed 10. 2: 870. 1759. Lectotype: Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 80.52, upper specimen (LINN). LT designated by Veldkamp. Blumea 41(2): 427. 1996. Brachiaria reptans (L.) C.A. Gardner. & C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: sub t. 3363. 1938 Brachiaria reptans (L.) Gard. var. hispida Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 380. 1983 Panicum prostratum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171. 1791. Type: Hispaniola: Dominican Republic, St. Dominique; Anonymous in Herb. Lamarck (P-LAM). Brachiaria prostrata (Lam.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 263. 1857 Panicum procumbens Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 109. 1829. Type: “Panicum prostratum β Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck). 4:740.” Panicum umbrosum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 16. 1786–1787. Type: “Habitat in graminosis umbrosis Indiae Orientalis. Misit Cel. Koenig.” India; Koenig s.n. in herb. Retz (LD). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Malaysia, Oceanic Islands, Africa, Australia, China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. The taxonomic editors question whether Brachiaria reptans (L.) Gard. var. hispida should be recognized as distinct; it is placed in synonymy here. 780. Urochloa semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 30. 1997 (“1993”) var. semiundulata Panicum semiundulatum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 364. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in pratis et locis graminosis prope Adoua, nec non in planitie montana provinciae Chiré, mensibus Septembre et Octobre (Schimper).” Syntypes: Ethiopia: Schire; October 10, 1840; Schimper 1833. Ethiopia: Adoam; September 25, 1837; Schimper 289 Brachiaria semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 556. 1919 Panicum nilagiricum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62. 1853. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Mountains; R.F. Hohenacker 919 Panicum villosum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 34. 1896, non Lam., 1791 Checklist of the grasses of India 295 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 781. Urochloa semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair var. intermedia (Basappa & Muniy.) E. A. Kellogg, comb. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212131-1 Brachiaria semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf var. intermedia Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 380. 1983 Distribution. Karnataka (Naithani), Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. The above combination is made here to transfer Brachiaria semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf var. intermedia Basappa & Muniy. to Urochloa as a variety of U. semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Ashalatha & V.J.Nair. 782. Urochloa semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair var. lanata (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 30. 1997 (“1993”) Brachiaria semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf var. lanata Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 380. 1983 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). 783. Urochloa semiverticillata (Rottler ex Steud.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 30. 1997 (“1993”) Brachiaria semiverticillata (Rottler ex Steud.) Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(suppl.): 318. 1931 Panicum semiverticillatum Rottler ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62, 1853. Type: India; Nees s.n. Panicum semiverticillatum Rottler in Ainslie, Mat. Med. Hindoostan ed. 1, 219. 1813, nom. nud.? 296 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Panicum firmiculme Mez, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7(63): 65. 1917. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites 595 (as “895”) Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 784. Urochloa setigera (Retz.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 598. 1920 var. setigera Panicum setigerum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 15. 1786–1787. Type: “E China misit Cel. Bladh.” China: Guangdong, Guangzhou; Bladh s.n. (LD). Brachiaria setigera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: sub. t. 3363. f. 2. 1938 Panicum affine Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 273. 1816. Type: “Cette espece croit dans les Indes orientales.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 785. Urochloa setigera (Retz.) Stapf var. albistyla (Basappa & Muniy.) S. Karthikeyan, Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 273. 1989 Brachiaria setigera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. var. albistyla Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B. 49: 380. 1983. Type: India Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 786. Urochloa stapfiana (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 30. 1997 (“1993”) Brachiaria stapfiana Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 379. 1983 Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 297 787. Urochloa subquadripara (Trin.) R.D. Webster, Austral. Paniceae (Poaceae) 252. 1987 Panicum subquadriparum Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 145. 1826. Lectotype: Mariana Islands; Chamisso s.n. in Herb. Trinius 0947.01 (LE). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 41(2): 429. 1996. Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc., Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 214. 1931 Panicum distachyum sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 359. 1864, non L., 1767 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 788. Urochloa trichopus (Hochst.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(4): 589. 1920 Panicum trichopus Hochst., Flora 27: 254. 1844. Type: “Habitat in cultis provinciae Cordofan”; Kotschy 74 Distribution. Uttar Pradesh [also in Africa]. Habit. Annual. 789. Urochloa villosa (Lam.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 14. 1966 var. villosa Panicum villosum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1(1): 173. 1791. Type: India; Sonnerat s.n. (PLAM). Brachiaria villosa (Lam.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 433. 1922 Panicum coccospermum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 62. 1853. Type: India orientalis; Royle Herb. no. 43. 44 Panicum nanum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 62. 1853. Type: Nepal; Royle Herb. no. 45 Panicum grossarium sensu Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 300. 1820, non L., 1759 Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 298 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 790. Urochloa villosa (Lam.) T.Q. Nguyen var. barbata (Bor) Noltie, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 395–396. 1999 Brachiaria villosa (Lam.) A. Camus var. barbata Bor, Grass. Bur. Ceyl. Ind. Pak. 386. 1960. Distribution. Uttar Pradesh [Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 791. Urochloa villosa (Lam.) T.Q. Nguyen var. glaberrima (Basappa & Muniy.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 35(1–4): 30. 1997 (“1993”) Brachiaria villosa (Lam.) A. Camus var. glaberrima Basappa & Muniy., Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., B 49(4): 381. 1983 Distribution. Meghalaya, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Punjab fide Naithani (1990). Tribe Jansenelleae Voronts., 2020 Plant annual. Ligue membranous. Inflorescence dense, capitate, with short branches. Spikelets laterally compressed. Glumes acuminate or awned, lemmas awned. Hilum punctate. Leaf anatomy C3. The two genera of Jansenelleae were provisionally placed in Tristachyideae by Kellogg (2015b), pending further data. However, recent molecular phylogenetic work (Bianconi et al. 2020) has shown that they are sisters, and form a clade that itself is sister to Andropogoneae s.l. Species of Jansenelleae appear to be C3 and thus help illuminate the origin and development of the C4 pathway in their sister tribe Andropogoneae (Bianconi et al. 2020). Chandrasekharania V.J. Nair, V.S. Ramach. & Sreek., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Pl. Sci. 91(2): 79. 1982 Type. Chandrasekharania keralensis V.J. Nair, V.S. Ramach. & Sreek. Checklist of the grasses of India 299 792. Chandrasekharania keralensis V.J. Nair, V.S. Ramach. & Sreek., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Pl. Sci. 91(2): 80. 1982 Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Kannoth, alt. 500 ft.; February 18, 1978; V.S. Ramachandran 54064 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution records fide Naithani (1990). Jansenella Bor, Kew Bull. 1955: 96. 1955 Type. Jansenella griffithiana (Müll. Hal.) Bor (Danthonia griffithiana Müll. Hal.). 793. Jansenella griffithiana (Müll. Hal.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1955: 98. 1955 Danthonia griffithiana Müll. Hal., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14(20): 347. 1856. Type: India: Assam, Khasiya; Griffith 36 (B). Arundinella griffithiana (Müll. Hal.) Bor, Indian Forester Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 73. 1938 Danthoniopsis griffithiana (Müll. Hal.) Bor, Fl. Assam 5: 187. 1940 Arundinella avenacea Munro ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 362. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Saffragam District, at no great elevation; Munro Ceylon Plant 3471 Arundinella campbelliana Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 346. 1890. Type: India: Mahableshwar; 1889; Lisboa s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Tribe Andropogoneae Dumort., 1824 Plants with complex inflorescences, often highly branched and/or bracteate. Spikelets borne in pairs, one sessile and the other pedicellate, the two often differentiated in structure and function. Branches sometimes ending a spikelet morphologically identical to the pedicellate one so that the spikelets appear to be in triplets. Glumes firm to indurate, the lemma and palea generally hyaline. In most species other than those in Arundinella and Garnotia the rachis disarticulates between the spikelet pairs. Photosynthetic pathway C4, NADP-ME subtype. Taxonomic editor: Elizabeth A. Kellogg 300 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Andropogon L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1045. 1753, nom. cons. Type. Andropogon distachyos L. (as “distachyon”) (typ. cons.) 794. Andropogon chinensis (Nees) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C. 12(2): 101. 1917 Homoeatherum chinense Nees, Nat. Syst. Bot. 448. 1836 Andropogon apricus var. chinensis (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 457. 1889 Andropogon ascinodis C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 87. t. 36. 1889. Type: India: Assam, Jakpho, alt. 7500 ft.; C.B. Clarke no. 41890 Andropogon apricus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 169. 1896, non Trin., 1836 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 795. Andropogon gayanus Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 491. 1833 Andropogon reconditus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 386. 1854. Type: Africa: “Leprieur legit in Senegalia”; Leprieur s.n. Andropogon tomentellus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 371. 1854. Type: Africa: “Leprieur legit in Senegalia”; Leprieur s.n. Andropogon guineensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 371. 1854, nom. Later hom., non Schumach., 1828 Type. Senegalia. Distribution. India [also in Africa]. Naturalized; native to Africa. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. 796. Andropogon hallii Hack., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 89: 127. 1884 Sorghum hallii (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 791. 1891 Andropogon chrysocomus Nash, Man. Fl. N. States (Britton) 70. 1901. Lectotype: USA: Kansas, Stevens County; July 24, 1891; M.A. Carleton 343 (NY-69769). LT designated by Nash in N. Amer. Fl. 17(2): 120. 1912. Checklist of the grasses of India 301 Andropogon geminatus Hack. ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 55. 1896. Type: USA: Texas; 1889; Nealley s.n. (US-728855). Andropogon paucipilus Nash, Man. Fl. N. States (Britton) 70. 1901. Lectotype: USA: Nebraska, Grant County, 3 miles NE of Whitman; 31 Jul 1893; P.A. Rydberg 1607 (NY-69766). LT designated by Nash in North Amer. Fl. 17(2): 121. 1912. Type. USA: Nebraska; 1862; E. A. Hall & J.P. Harbour 651 (W). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to North America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. This species may not be distinct from A. gerardi (Estep et al. 2014). 797. Andropogon lividus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 367. 1864 Cymbopogon lividus (Thwaites) Willis, Revis. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 110. 1911 Type. Sri Lanka: Central Province, Newera Ellia and other of more elevated parts; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 953. Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 798. Andropogon longipes Hack., Flora 68: 138. 1885 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgerries; Perrotet 1315. Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 799. Andropogon munroi C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 87–88. t. 37. 1889 Andropogon hookeri Munro ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 614. 1889. Type: Bhutan; W. Griffith 6767 (W). Cymbopogon hookeri (Munro ex Hack.) Stapf ex Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 92. 1938 Andropogon tristis Nees ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 439. 1889. Syntypes: Nepal; Royle 227. India: Kamaon alt. 10000 ft.; Duthie s.n. Himalaya; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Massuri; Hugel s.n. (C). Chini; Stoliczka s.n. (C). Type. India: North Muneypore, alt. 3500 ft.; C.B. Clarke 41961. Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 302 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 800. Andropogon polyptychos Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 380. 1854 Dichanthium polyptychon (Steud.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 549. 1921 Andropogon polyptychos Steud. var. deccanensis Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 91. 1960, nom. inval.? Type: India: Madras; Bourne 1622, 1337 Dichanthium polyptychon (Steud.) A. Camus var. deccanensis Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 91. 1960 Type. Sri Lanka. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Kerala and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 801. Andropogon pumilus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 277. 1820 Andropogon demissus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 388. 1854. Syntypes: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8799. India; Numer. List [Wallich] no 8798 A.B. Andropogon pachyarthrus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 449. 1889, nom. superfl. & illeg. Type. India: “A native of Coromandel.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. Apluda L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82. 1753 Type. Apluda mutica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82. 1753. 802. Apluda mutica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 82. 1753 Calamina mutica (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 151 1812 Andropogon glaucus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 20. 1788 (“1789”) (as “glaucum”). Type: “Misit opt. Koenig, qui Anthistiriae speciem credidit.” Apluda aristata L., Cent. Pl. II 7. 1756. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1213.4 (LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 246. 2000. Checklist of the grasses of India 303 Apluda aristata L. var. jainii R.K. Jain, Ind J. For. 9:345. 1986. Apluda geniculata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 327. 1820. Type: India: “found in the banks of the Gangas.” Apluda varia Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 196. 1889. Type: Cited many syntypes Apluda varia Hack. ssp. aristata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 196. 1889. Type: Cited many syntypes Apluda varia Hack. var. ciliata (Andersson) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 151. 1896 Apluda varia Hack. var. rostrata (Nees ex Arn.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 151. 1896 Apluda varia Hack. var. villosula Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 151. 1896. Type: India: Wight Cat. no. 1713 Apluda varia Hack. var. humilis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 151. 1896 Apluda ciliata Andersson, Ofvers. Forh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 12: 177. 1855. Type: India Orientali, Carnar; Hugel 1639 Apluda rostrata Nees ex Arn., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19 (1): 194–195. 1843. Type: Sri Lanka; Walker s.n. Anthistiria gigantea Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 5(1): 36. t. 458. 1799. Type: “Habitat in Luzon philippica insula tribus leucis ab oppido Guaz. Floret Martio et Aprili. Vidi siccam in eodem herbario.” Apluda gigantea (Cav.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 290. 1824 (“1825”) Calamina gigantea (Cav.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 157 1812 Apluda mutica L. var. major (Hack.) R.K. Jain, Ind. J. For. 9:347. 1986 Apluda blatteri Sur, Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 26: 193. 1986 Calamina humilis J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 344. 1830, non Roem. & Schult., 1817 Apluda mutica L. var. aristata (L.) Pilg., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 14e: 130. 1940, nom. illeg. & hom., non Apluda mutica var. aristata (L.) Hack. ex Backer, 1928 Type. “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1213.1 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 20. 1993. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 304 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Apocopis Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 93. 1841 Type. Apocopis royleanus Nees. 803. Apocopis cochinchinensis A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 25: 286. 1919 Type. “Cochinchine (Pierre).” Vietnam; J.B.L. Pierre s.n. (US-1062404). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala [China]. Habit. Annual. 804. Apocopis courtallumensis (Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 524. 1941 Andropogon courtallumensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 377. 1854. Type: India: Courtallum; Wight s.n. Apocopis wightii Nees ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 365. 1864, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon courtallumensis Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 805. Apocopis mangalorensis (Hochst. ex. Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 523. 1941 Amblyachyrum mangalorense Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 413. 1854. Type: India; 1847; R.F. Hohenacker 231 (P). Apocopis wightii Nees ex Thwaites. ssp. mangalurensis (Hochst. ex Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 259. 1889 Apocopis wightii Nees ex Thwaites. var. zeylanica Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 259. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites 401 Apocopis courtallumensis sensu Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 171. 1956, non (Steud.) Henrard., 1941 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 806. Apocopis paleaceus (Trin.) Hochr., Bull. New York Bot. Gard 6: 262. 1910 (as “paleacea”) Ischaemum paleaceum Trin. Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 293. 1833. Type: Nepal Checklist of the grasses of India 305 Andropogon paleaceus (Trin.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854 Apocopis royleanus Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 94. 1841. Type: Not given Apocopis himalayensis Will.Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N.W. Prov. 392. 1882, nom. superfl. & illeg. Andropogon himalayensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 377. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Apocopis royleanus Nees. Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 807. Apocopis vaginatus Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 8. 1891 Apocopis wightii Nees ex Thwaites var. vaginata (Hack.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 143. 1896 Type. India: Hazaribagh; C.B. Clarke 33849 (W). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. Arthraxon P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 111. 1812 Type. Arthraxon ciliare P. Beauv. 808. Arthraxon castratus (Griff.) V. Naray. ex Bor, Fl. Assam 5: 376. 1940 Andropogon castratus Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 89. 1851. Type: “Suddah in Campis graminosis; January 2, 1836; It. Ass. 292.”(K). Andropogon rudis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 383. 1854. Type: [Bangladesh] India: Silhet; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8837 Arthraxon rudis (Steud.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 [basionym reference not given] Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 306 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 809. Arthraxon depressus Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 349–350. 1933 Type. India: “Peninsula, precise locality not indicated”; Wight 3372 (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). 810. Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 214. 1912 var. hispidus Phalaris hispida Thunb. in J.A. Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14: 104. 1784. Type: Japan; C.P. Thunberg 1776 (UPS). Alectoridia quartiniana A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 448. t. 102. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit ad marginem stagnorum juxta Adoua, mense Novembre (Quartin Dillon).” Ethiopia: Adoua; Quartin Dillon s.n. (P). Arthraxon quartinianus (A. Rich.) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17(2): 99. 1912 Arthraxon breviaristatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 350. 1889. Syntypes: China: Yunnan, prope Ki-mi-se, ad rivulos montium; Delavay 1811(P). India: Khasia, alt. 4000–6000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. (K, L, W). Arthraxon ciliaris P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 111. t. 11. f. 6. 1812 (as “ciliare”). Type: “Cultivé par son oncle a Trianon”; Richard s.n. (P). Arthraxon ciliaris P. Beauv. var. hookeri Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 357. 1889. Type: India: Sikkim; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Arthraxon inermis Hook. f. var. tzvelevii Jain, Sci. & Cult. 37(1): 55. 1971. Type: India: Purandhar, vazirghad Fort; Santapau 11361 (CAL) Batratherum micans Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 182–183. 1835. Type: “In Benghala boreli; Royle.” Arthraxon micans (Nees) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 Arthraxon nitidulus Stapf ex Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 101, 688. 1960. Type: India: Bombay, Belgaum; Ritchie 796a (K). Arthraxon satarensis M. R. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 66: 515. 1970, emend. Deshp. & Hemadri, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 274. 1970. Type: India: Maharashtra, 8-Satara-Keshyaturda; McCann 8 (BLAT). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnatata, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 307 811. Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino var. junnarensis (S.K. Jain & Hemadri) Welzen, Blumea 27(1): 277. 1981 Arthraxon junnarensis S.K. Jain & Hemadri, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 68: 300–301. f. a–f. 1971. Type: India: Maharashtra, Poona District, Warsubai plateau, 16km west of Junnar; Hemadri 106849 (CAL). Distribution. Maharashtra [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 812. Arthraxon inermis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 145. 1896 Type. India: Concan; Woodrow 189 (K). Distribution. Goa, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). 813. Arthraxon jubatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 358. 1889 Type. India: Kerala, Concan, Malabar; J.E. Stocks s.n. (W). Distribution. Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 814. Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 var. lanceolatus Andropogon lanceolatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 262. 1820. Type: India: “A native of Coromendel.” Lectotype: India; Roxburgh Icon. Ined. 2019 (K, copy in L). LT designated by van P.C. van Welzen in Blumea 27(1): 283. 1981. Arthraxon deccanensis S.K. Jain, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 68: 298. 1971. Type: India: Maharashtra, Poona District, Sinhagad; Patil 7825 (CAL). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Gujarat, Jharkhad, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). 308 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 815. Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. var. echinatus (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 348. 1889 Batratherum echinatum Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 181. 1835. Lectotype: India; Wight KD 1684 (K). LT designated by P.C. van Welzen in Blumea 27(1): 285. 1981. Arthraxon echinatus (Nees) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856. Arthraxon spathaceus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 145. 1896. Type: India: Deccan Peninsula, Gunda Cottah Hill fort, Cuddapah; Wight Herb. 337 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 816. Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 Andropogon lancifolius Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(4): 271. 1832. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8828B (LE). Pleuroplitis lancifolia (Trin.) Regel, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg. 10(3): 375. 1866 Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst. var. hindustanicus S.K. Jain & Deshp., J. Indian Bot. Soc. 51: 176. 1972. Type: India: Goa, near Chopora, Kaisuva Fort; September 5, 1965; Cherian 88557A (CAL). Andropogon multicaulis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 383. 1854. Type: Abyssin; Hochstetter s.n. Arthraxon microphyllus (Trin.) Hochst. var. hindustanicus (S.K. Jain & Deshp.) S.M. Almeida & M. R. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 82: 445. 1985 Batratherum molle Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 181–182. 1835. Type: Type information given for varieties only Arthraxon molle (Nees) Balf. f., Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 31: 315. 1888 Psilopogon schimperi Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 447. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in Planitie montosa Beless, provinciae Chire, mense Octobre (Quartin Dillon) et in locis umbrosis ad declivia rivulorum juxta Adoua, mense Septembre (Schimper).” Syntypes: Ethiopia: Adoua; September 18, 1837; Schimper 96 (TUB?). ST: Ethiopia: Schire; Quartin Dillon s.n. (P). Ethiopia: Tigray, Adua; September 18, 1837; Schimper 46 (WAG). Batratherum schimperi (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Nees ex Hochst., Flora 39: 179. 1856 (as “Bathratherum”) Arthraxon schimperi (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Hochst., Flora 39: 189. 1856, p.p. Lucaea schimperi (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 414. 1855. Pleuroplitis schimperi (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Regel, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg. 10(3): 369. 1866 Checklist of the grasses of India 309 Arthraxon microphyllus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 147. 1896, p.p., non (Trin.) Hochst. 1856 Pleuroplitis microphylla (Trin.) Regel, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg. 10(3): 370. 1866 Arthraxon minor Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856, nom. illeg. & superfl. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 817. Arthraxon meeboldii Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 449. 1908 Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. var. meeboldii (Stapf ) Welzen, Blumea 27(1): 285, f. 10. 1981 Arthraxon purandharensis Bharucha & Y. Satyan., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 481. 1954. Type: India: Bombay, Purandhar, 4000 ft.; Bharucha 501 (Herb. Inst. Sc. Bombay). Type. India: Concan, in open grassland on a hillside near Khandale, alt. 2000 ft.; Meebold 9132. Distribution. Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. All records except for Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 818. Arthraxon microphyllus (Trin.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 Andropogon microphyllus Trin. Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 275. 1832. Type: Nepal; Wallich s.n. (LE). Arthraxon sikkimensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 447. 1952. Type: India: Sikkim, Lachung, alt. 9000 ft.; August 31, 1892; Gammie 1079 (K). Distribution. Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 819. Arthraxon nudus (Steud.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 Andropogon nudus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 383. 1854. Type: India: Tavoy; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8834A 310 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Arthraxon ciliaris P. Beauv. ssp. nudus (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. 6: 356. 1889. Distribution. Assam, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. 820. Arthraxon prionodes (Steud.) Dandy in F. W. Andrews, Fl. Pl. Sudan 3: 399. 1956 Andropogon prionodes Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 383. 1854. Type: Ethiopia; Schimper 1117(P). LT designated by P.C. van Welzen in Blumea 27: 283. 1981. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 821. Arthraxon raizadae S.K. Jain, Hemadri & Deshp., J. Indian Bot. Soc. 51: 103. 1972 Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. var. raizadae (S.K. Jain, Hemadri & Deshp.) Welzen, Blumea 27: 287. 1981 Type. India: Maharashtra State, Satara District, Mahabaleshwar; December 25, 1969; Hemadri 98585A (CAL). Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). 822. Arthraxon santapaui Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 446. 1952 Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino var. santapaui (Bor) Welzen, Blumea 27(1): 280. f. 6. 1981 Type. India: Bombay, Purandhar Fort; October 10, 1950; H. Santapau 11450a (K). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand [also in Oman]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 311 823. Arthraxon submuticus (Nees ex Steud.) Hochst., Flora 39: 188. 1856 Andropogon submuticus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 382. 1854. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8836 Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 824. Arthraxon villosus C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 350. 1933 Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. var. villosus (C.E.C. Fisch.) Welzen, Blumea 27(1): 288. 1981 Type. India: Western Ghats, Bababudans; April; Bourne & Bourne s.n. (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). Arundinella Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. [Raddi] 36. t. 1. f. 3. 1823 Type. Arundinella brasiliensis Raddi. 825. Arundinella bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 4: 605. 1917 Panicum bengalense Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 311. 1824 (“1825”). Type: A native of Bengal, where it is found, though rarely, on dry barren spots. Arundinella wallichii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 114. 1854. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8669 Oplismenus strictus Schult., Mant. 2: 272. 1824. Arundinella stricta (Schult.) Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 84. 1921, non Nees, 1850 Panicum strictum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 306. 1820, non R. Br., 1810 Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 312 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 826. Arundinella cannanorica V.J. Nair, Sreek. & N.C. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 80(2): 396–398. f. 11. 1984 Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Bela, alt. 320 ft.; November 23, 1981; P.V. Shreekumar 71822 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 827. Arundinella ciliata (Roxb.) Nees ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam 4: 30. 1851 Holcus ciliatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 321. 1820. Type: India: “A native of Coromendel.” Arundinella agrostoides Hook. f. var. ciliata (Roxb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 71. 1896 Arundinella pilosa Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam. 3, Pt. 4: 30. 1851, nom. invalid as syn of Arundinella ciliata. Type: India: “Mercara Ind. Or. Hochst. Hbrb. Hohenack. 647 in Sched.” Arundinella agrostoides sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 71. 1896, non Trin., 1836 Syntypes. India; Wight s.n. Prope Mercara; Metz s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 828. Arundinella decempedalis (Kuntze) Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 84. 1921 Panicum decempedale Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 783. 1891. Type: Sikkim Himalaya, Terai; January 15, 1875; Kuntze 6581 Arundinella clarkei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 75–76. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Terai; C.B. Clarke s.n. Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. 829. Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Bult. Sci. Fak. Terk. Kjusu Imp. Univ. 1: 196, 208. 1925 Poa hirta Thunb., in J.A. Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14: 104. 1784. Type: Japonia. Checklist of the grasses of India 313 Arundinella anomala Steud., Syn. Pl. Gl. 1:116. 1854. Type: Japan; Anonymous s.n. [Siebold]. Distribution. Assam. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Assam fide Naithani (1990). 830. Arundinella holcoides (Kunth) Trin., Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 71. 1836. Brandtia holcoides Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 511. 1831. Type: Burma. Crescit in Pegu, M. Reynaud s.n. Arundinella pubescens Merr. & Hack., Philipp. J. Sci., C 2: 419. 1907. Philippine Islands: Palawan: May 1906, F.W. Foxworthy BS 856 Arundinella birmanica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 73. 1896. Arundinella hirsuta Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 115. 1854 Type: Himalaya: Coutrallum; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8671 Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Himalaya. Habit. Annual. Remarks. The circumscription and synonymy of this species are unclear and need to be carefully re-evaluated. 831. Arundinella hookeri Munro ex Keng, Sci. Rep. Natl. Centr. Univ., Ser. B 2(3): 50. 1936 Arundinella villosa Arn. ex Steud. var. himalaica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 73. 1896. Syntypes: Bhutan, East Nepal and Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 6000– 11000 ft.; Griffith s.n., J.D. Hooker & C.B. Clarke s.n. Type. India: South of Yonsum, Sikkim Himalaya; 1888; King’s collector s.n. Pulney Hills; Madras Herb 16526. Distribution. Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 832. Arundinella intricata Hughes, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1920: 112. 1920 Syntypes. India: Khasia Hills, Maosmai, alt. 4000 ft.; C.B. Clarke 16588 (K). Mahadeo, alt. 3000 ft.; Clarke 155622 (K). India: Khasia Hills, Amwé, 4000–4700 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K). Boga-Panee, 4000–6000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K). India: Arbor Country, Dihang River, bank near Ritung; I. J. Burkill 373 (K). 314 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Meghalaya [Bhutan, China] Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Meghalaya fide Naithani (1990). 833. Arundinella khaseana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 115. 1854 Type. India: Jugum Khasea; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8672. Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 834. Arundinella leptochloa (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 76. 1896 Panicum leptochloa Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 62. 1853. Type: India orientalis; Wight Herb. no. 125 Arundinella gigantea Dalzell in Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl. 293. 1861. Type: India: Ghauts, Kineshwur; Dalzell s.n. Arundinella lawsonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 76. 1896 (as “lawsoni”). Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills, Goodaloor, alt. 3000 ft.; Lawson s.n. Distribution. Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 835. Arundinella mesophylla Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 115. 1854 Type. India: Courtallum; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8663. Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 836. Arundinella metzii Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 31. 1851 Arundinella decomposita Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 84. 1921. Type: India; Meebold 10760 Arundinella lawii Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 180. 1900. Syntypes: Sri Lanka: without precise locality; Ferguson in Herb. Peraden. India: Concan, Malabar; J.E. Stocks s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 315 Arundinella pygmaea Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 72. 1896. Type: India: North Canara; Lisboa s.n. Type. India: Karnataka, Mangalore; Metz Herb. no. 297. Distribution. Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 837. Arundinella muthikulamensis Sunil, K.M.P. Kumar, & V.P. Thomas, Webbia 72(1): 101. 2017. Type. India: Kerala, Palghat District, Muthikulam, Elivalmala, 2100 m, 11 November 2016, Sunil & K. M. Prabhukumar 4565 (holotype: CMPR; isotypes: MH, SNMH, CATH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 838. Arundinella nepalensis Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 62. 1826 Acratherum miliaceum Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 230. 1827. Type: “Habitat in Nepalia.” Arundinella miliacea (Link) Nees, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 102. 1890 Arundinella glabra Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 5: 237. 1837. Type: “Hab. Prope Macao”; G.H. Vachell s.n. (E?). Arundinella ritchei Munro ex Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 343. 1890. Type: India: Maharashtra, Common in Thana, Salsette and Lanowli; Munro s.n. (Herbarium of Poona College of Science). Arundinella virgata Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 84–85. 1921. Type: China: South China; 1865; W. Hillebrand s.n. (B). Type. Nepal; Wallich s.n. in Herb. Lindley (LE). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 839. Arundinella nervosa (Roxb.) Nees ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 5: 237. 1837 Holcus nervosus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 320. 1820. Type: India: A native of Coromandel. 316 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 840. Arundinella pradeepiana Sunil & Naveen Kum., Webbia 69(2): 249. 2014. Type. India: Kerala, Eranakulam district, Edamalayar forest range, Variyam, 800 m, 16 November 2013, Sunil & Naveen Kumar 6228 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH, CALI). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 841. Arundinella pumila (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 114. 1854 Acratherum pumilum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 414. t. 100. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in pratis circa Aderbati in regno Tigre, mense Septembre (Quartin Dillon). Lectotype: Ethiopia: “in vallibus prope Adde Arbati”; October, 1839; Schimper 642 (B). LT cited by van der Zon, Gram. Cameroun 2: 361. 1992. Arundinella tenella Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 115. 1854. Type: India; Wight herb. no.76, Royle herb. no. 268 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 842. Arundinella purpurea Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 115. 1854 var. purpurea Arundinella fuscata sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 74. 1896, non Nees ex Buese, 1854 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri Mountain; Hohenacker 928 (P). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 843. Arundinella purpurea Hochst. ex Steud. var. laxa Bor, Kew Bull. 1955: 407. 1955 Type. India: Madras, Sispara, alt. 6700 ft.; J.S. Gamble 13365. Checklist of the grasses of India 317 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990). 844. Arundinella ravii Shaju & N. Mohanan, Rheedea 14(1–2): 47–50. f. 1. 2004 Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Eravikulam National Park, 6000 ft.; November 8, 2000; Shaju 43700 (TBGT). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 845. Arundinella setosa Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 63. 1826 var. setosa Arundinella bidentata Keng, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21(8): 159. 1931. Type: China: Fujian, Kuliang, moist hillsides and open lands, alt. 2500 ft.; July 30, 1919; J.B. Norton 1154 (US-1270758). Arundinella capillaris Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 74. 1896. Type: India: Deccan; Heyne s.n. Pulney Hills; Herb. Wight no. 3338 Amsterdam. 3, Pt. 4: 30. 1851]. Type: Himalaya: Coutrallum; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8671 Arundinella mutica Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 116. 1854. Type: India; Heyne s.n. (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8665) Arundinella setifera Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 115. 1854. Type: India: Nilagherry Mountains; Hohenacker 920 Arundinella sinensis Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 342. 1904. Type: China: Kwangtung; C. Ford 212, C. Ford 201 (BM). China: Guangdong, Lofaushan; Ford 125 Arundinella stricta Nees, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 102. 1850 Arundinella zollingeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 115. 1854. Type: Java; Zollinger 2034 Miquelia barbulata Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 178. 1843. Type: “In Promontorio Syng-moon.”Hong Kong; Julio; F.J.F. Meyen s.n. Berghausia barbulata (Nees) Endl. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 32. 1851 Danthonia luzoniensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 245. 1854. Type: Philippines: Luzon; Cuming herb. no. 1415 Danthonia neuroelytrum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 245. 1854. Type: China; Fortune Herb. No. 5 (P). Milium cimicinoides Roxb. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 70. 1896, nom. nud. Type. Nepal; Lindley s.n. (LE). 318 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 846. Arundinella setosa Trin. var. esetosa Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 425. 1960 Syntypes. India: Bihar; T. Thomson s.n. Nepal: Western part; Stainton, Sykes & Williams 4255, 4461. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Bihar and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 847. Arundinella setosa Trin. var. lanifera C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1801. 1934 Type. India: Cuddapa District, Mogili Kuppa, alt. 6000 ft.; Meebold s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 848. Arundinella setosa Trin. var. nilagiriana Subba Rao & Kumari, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72: 827. 1976 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri District, Koilbetta; September 11, 1970; G.V. Subba Rao & G.R. Kumari 19795A (CAL). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 849. Arundinella spicata Dalzell in Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl. 293. 1861 Type. India: Maharashtra, Mahableshwur Hills; Dalzell s.n. Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan. Checklist of the grasses of India 319 Habit. Annual. 850. Arundinella thirunelliensis Sunil, Ratheesh, & Sivad., Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 21(2): 153. 2014. Type. India: Kerala, Wayanad District, Thirunelli, Kalindi riverbed, 900 m, 8 December 2012, Sunil & Ratheesh Narayanan 4854 (Holotype: CAL; Isotypes: MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 851. Arundinella tuberculata Munro ex Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 344. 1890 Type. India: Poona and Konkan; Munro s.n. (Herbarium of Poona College of Science). Distribution. Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 852. Arundinella vaginata Bor, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 27: 66. 1948 Arundinella villosa Arn. ex Steud. var. heynei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 73. 1896 (as “heyne”). Type: India; Heyne s.n. (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8663A). Courtallam; Wight s.n. Type. India: Madras, Palni Hills; Rev. A. Sauliere 817 (K). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 853. Arundinella villosa Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 115. 1854 Type. Sri Lanka; Wight 2037. Distribution. Karnataka, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Bhidea Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 445. 1949 Type. Bhidea burnsiana Bor. 320 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 854. Bhidea borii Deshp., V. Prakash & N.P. Singh, Curr. Sci. 58(19): 1094. 1989 Distribution. India. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution within India not recorded. 855. Bhidea burnsiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 445. 1949 Type. India: Bombay Lonavla; August, 1918; R.K. Bhide s.n. (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). 856. Bhidea fischeri Sreek. & B. V. Shetty, Kew Bull. 42(3): 683. 1987 Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Mukkarikandam, alt. 160 ft.; October 18, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71754 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Bothriochloa Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 762. 1891 Type. Bothriochloa anamitica Kuntze. 857. Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 80: 62. 1969 Andropogon bladhii Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 2: 27. 1781. Type: “In China lectum cum aliis mislit bonorat, D. Bladh.” China; Bladh s.n. (LD). Dichanthium bladhii (Retz.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 32(1): 3. 1977 Andropogon intermedius R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 202. 1810. Type: Australia: “Keppel Bay” (North West end of Curtis Island); Brown 6184 (BM). Amphilophis intermedia (R. Br.) Stapf, Agric. News (Barbados) 15(368): 179. 1916 Bothriochloa intermedia (R. Br.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 164. var. Intermedia Andropogon caucasicus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(3): 286. 1832. Type: “V. spp. e Cauc. orient.” Dichanthium caucasicum (Trin.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 133. 1979 (“1978”) Checklist of the grasses of India 321 Sorghum caucasicum (Trin.) Griseb., Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 476. 1853 Bothriochloa caucasica (Trin.) C.E. Hubb. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 101. 1939 Andropogon intermedius R. Br. var. caucasicus (Trin.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 486. 1889 Andropogon glaber Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 271. 1820. Type: “A native of Mountainous countries.” India: Bengal; Roxburgh s.n. (BM). Bothriochloa glabra (Roxb.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 164. 1931 Dichanthium glabrum (Roxb.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”) Amphilophis glabra (Roxb.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 172. 1917 Andropogon haenkei J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 340. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Marianis, in Luzonia.” Philippines: Luzone; Haenke s.n. (PR). Andropogon leptanthus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 391. 1854. Type: India; Cuming 1400 Andropogon punctatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 268. 1820. Type: India; “a Mountain grass.” Bothriochloa intermedia (R. Br.) A. Camus var. punctata (Roxb.) Keng, Clav. Gen. Sp. Gram. Prim. Sin. 244. 1957 Andropogon vachellii Nees ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 243. 1838. Type: “Hab. in vicinia urbis macao Imperii Chinensis et in insulis adjacentibus. Millet, G.H. Vachell, n. 50” China: Macao and adjacent islands; Millett; G.H. Vachell 50 (E). Andropogon odoratus Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 118, 123. 1889. Syntypes: India: Bombay Presidency, Thana District; Dymock s.n. Lanowli; October, 1890; Lisboa s.n. (K). Bothriochloa odorata (Lisboa) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 165. 1931 Amphilophis odorata (Lisboa) A. Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 1: 305. 1921 Dichanthium odoratum (Lisboa) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”) Andropogon perfossus Nees & Meyen, ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 1: 92. 1840, nom. inval., cited as synonym of A. punctatus Roxb. Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Habit. Perennial. 858. Bothriochloa compressa (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 456. 1940 Andropogon compressus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 172. 1896. Syntypes: India: Deccan; Lisboa (no 6. A. odoratus) (K). Deccan; Woodrow s.n. (K). 322 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Dichanthium compressum (Hook. f.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1– 4): 133. 1979 (“1978”) Distribution. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 859. Bothriochloa ensiformis (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 457. 1940 Andropogon ensiformis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 175. 1896. Type: India: the Concan; Dalzell s.n. Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Perennial. 860. Bothriochloa grahamii (Haines) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 107. 1960 Andropogon grahamii Haines, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 189. 1914. Type: India: Central Provinces, Amakantak Hills, often gregarious in old jhumed lands (bewars); Haines 3646 (K). Dichanthium grahamii (Haines) Deshp., Fasc. Fl. India 15: 14. 1984 Type. India: Madhya Pradesh; H.H. Haines 3646 (K). Distribution. Madhya Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. 861. Bothriochloa insculpta (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 165. 1931 Andropogon insculptus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 458. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in montosis provincial Chire (Quartin Dillon), et in terra sicca ad radices montis Selleuda, prope Adoua, mense Septembre (Schimper).” Lectotype: Ethiopia: Tigray, Scholoda; September 22, 1837; Schimper 80 (US-76201 (fragm)). LT designated (as “holotype”) by Marchi & Longhi-Wagner in Bol. Inst. Bioci. Univ. Fed. Rio Grande do Sul 57: 38. 1998. Amphilophis insculpta (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 176. 1917 Andropogon pertusus (L.) Willd. var. insculptus (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 174. 1896 Dichanthium insculptum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 32(1): 3. 1977 Checklist of the grasses of India 323 Andropogon subunifoveolatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 380. 1854, in nota. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri Mountains; R.F. Honenacker no. 918 Distribution. Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [also in Africa, South America]. Habit. Perennial. 862. Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 10: 201. 1936 Andropogon ischaemum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1047. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae australioris aridis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1211.26 (LINN). LT designated by Marchi & Longhi-Wagner in Bol. Inst. Bioci. Univ. Fed. Rio Grande do Sul 57: 41. 1998. Dichanthium ischaemum (L.) Roberty, Boissiera 9: 160. 1960 Distribution. Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 863. Bothriochloa kuntzeana (Hack.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 456. 1940 Andropogon kuntzeanus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 478. 1889. Type: Peninsular Indiae orientalis: Assirgar; Kuntze s.n. (NY). Amphilophis kuntzeana (Hack.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1031. 1924 Dichanthium kuntzeana (Hack.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”) Eulalia clarkei Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1017. 1924. Type: India: Singbhum, alt. 2500 ft.; C.B. Clarke 20551 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 864. Bothriochloa longifolia (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 108. 1960 Andropogon pertusus (L.) Willd. var. longifolius Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 482. 1889. Type: India: Madras; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8803 Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 324 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 865. Bothriochloa parameswaranii Sreek., Malathi, & V.J. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 85(1): 163–165. 1988 Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Eravikulam National Park, alt. 6800 ft.; February 14, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71858 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Not recognized by Clayton et al. (2006 onwards). 866. Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 164. 1931 Holcus pertusus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 301–302. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1212.16 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Kew Bull. 32: 4. 1977. Amphilophis pertusa (L.) Nash ex Stapf, Agric. News (Barbados) 15(368): 179. 1916 Andropogon pertusus (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 922. 1806 Dichanthium pertusum (L.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 32(1): 4. 1977 Lepeocercis pertusa (L.) Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Hasskarl) 52. 1848 Andropogon angustifolius sensu Parl., Fl. Palerm. 1: 269. 1845, non Sibth. & Sm., 1806 Elionurus pertusus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 364. 1854, nom. inval., pro. syn. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 867. Bothriochloa pseudoischaemum (Nees) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 457. 1940 Andropogon pseudoischaemum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 380. 1854. Type: India orientalis; Heyne s.n. (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8815) Dichanthium pseudoischaemum (Nees) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”) Amphilophis pseudoischaemum (Nees) Alston in H. Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 331. 1931 (as “pseudischaemum”) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 325 868. Bothriochloa woodrovii (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 165. 1931 Amphilophis woodrovii (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 1: 305. 1921 Andropogon woodrovii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 173. 1896. Type: India: Bombay, Mawal; December, 1894; Woodrow 27 (K). Dichanthium woodrovii (Hook. f.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”) (as “woodrowii”) Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. Capillipedium Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 11, 169. 1917 Lectotype. Capillipedium parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf (Holcus parviflorus R. Br.). LT probably designated by G. Roberty, Boissiera 9: 1–455. 1960). 869. Capillipedium assimile (Steud.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 314. 1922 Andropogon assimilis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Java; Zollinger Herb. 859 (P). Dichanthium assimile (Steud.) Deshp., Fasc. Fl. India 15: 6. 1984 Andropogon glaucopsis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Nepal, China; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8786 Capillipedium glaucopsis (Steud.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: t. 3085. 1922 Andropogon subrepens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Nepal, China; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8790, 8789 Capillipedium subrepens (Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 463. 1940 Andropogon montanus sensu Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 490. 1889, non Roxb., 1820 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 326 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 870. Capillipedium filiculme (Hook. f.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3085. 1922 Andropogon filiculmis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 181. 1896. Syntypes: India: the Deccan, Poonah, in rocky places; Jacquemont 310. Mawar, Dhomsha; Woodrow 26 (K). Dichanthium filiculme (Hook. f.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”) Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 871. Capillipedium huegelii (Hack.) A. Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 1(4): 306. 1921 Andropogon huegelii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 492. 1889 (as “hügelii). Type: Asia; Hügel 2243 “in h. Vind. verisimiliter, ut ex num. cit. patet in India ad pedes Himalayae lectus.” Dichanthium huegelii (Hack.) S.K.Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 135 1979 (“1978”) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Annual. 872. Capillipedium magdalenae M.R. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72: 813. 1976 (as “magdaleni”) Dichanthium magdalenae (M.R. Almeida) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 135. 1979 (“1978”) (as “magdaleni”) Type. India: Karnataka, Agumbe; November, 1972; M.R. Almeida 2566 (BLAT). Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Annual. 873. Capillipedium nagense Bor, Brittonia 16: 228. 1964 Dichanthium nagense (Bor) Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 21(1–4): 198. 1981 (“1979”) Checklist of the grasses of India 327 Type. India: Assam, Naga Hills, Dzulake Valley alt. 8500 ft.; September, 1993; N.L. Bor’s collector 353 (K). Distribution. Assam, Nagaland. Habit. Perennial. 874. Capillipedium parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 169. 1917 Holcus parviflorus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 199. 1810. Type: Australia; R. Brown s.n. (BM). Anatherum parviflorum (R. Br.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 290. 1824 (“1825”) Dichanthium parviflorum (R. Br.) De Wet & J. R. Harlan, Amer. J. Bot. 54(3): 384. 1967 Sorghum parviflorum (R. Br.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 165. 1812 Andropogon alternans J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 342. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Peruvia.” Philippines: Luzon island; Haenke s.n. (US-76233 (fragm.)). Andropogon micranthus Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 165. 1829 Andropogon quartinianus A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 469. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in planitie montosa Beless, provinciae Chire, mense Octobre (Quartin Dillon).” Sorghum quartinianum (A. Rich.) Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 306. 1867 Andropogon parvispica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 283 Chrysopogon parvispicus (Steud.) Will. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882 (as “parvispica”) Andropogon capilliflorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Java, Japonica Chrysopogon violascens Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 319. 1832. Type: “Andropogon violascens N. Ab Es. In Sieb. Agrostoth. no. 65”. “V. ssp. nov. Holl.” Andropogon violascens (Trin.) Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 396. 1854 Holcus caerulescens Gaudich., Voy. Monde, Phan. 10: 411, t. 27. 1829. Type: “Habitat in Novae-Hollandiae ora orientali; Port-Jackson.” Rhaphis caerulescens (Gaudich.) Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 69. 1831 Andropogon serratus sensu Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 290. 1866, non Thunb., 1784 Rhaphis microstachya Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854, nom. inval., cited as synonym of A. parvispica Rhaphis villosula Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854, nom. inval., cited as synonym of A. villosulus Chrysopogon parviflorus (R. Br.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 537. 1878, isonym, non (R. Br.) Nees, 1843 328 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Sikkim, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 875. Capillipedium planipedicellatum Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 222. 1949 Dichanthium planipedicellatum (Bor) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1– 4): 135. 1979 (“1978”) Filipedium planipedicellatum (Bor) Raizada & S.K. Jain, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49: 683. 1951 Type. India: Manipure State, Palel, alt. 2500 ft.; October 10, 1942; N.L. Bor 17059 (K). Distribution. Manipur. Habit. Perennial. 876. Capillipedium pteropechys (C.B. Clarke) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3085. 1922 Andropogon pteropechys C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 88. t. 38. 1899. Syntypes: India: Kohima, alt. 5500 ft.; C.B. Clarke 41187 (K). Jakpho, alt. 7500 ft.; C.B. Clarke 41896 (K). Dichanthium pteropechys (C.B. Clarke) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 135. 1979 (“1978”). Type: India: Naga Hills, Kohima edge; C.B. Clarke 61896A (CAL). Distribution. Manipur, Nagaland. Habit. Perennial. Chionachne R. Br., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) 15, 18. 1838 Type. Chionachne barbata (Roxb.) R. Br. ex Aitch (Coix barbata Roxb.). 877. Chionachne digitata (L.f.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212132-1 Apluda digitata L.f., Suppl. Pl. 434. 1782 (“1781”). Type: “Habitat in India”; Thunberg s.n. Polytoca digitata (L.f.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 1916, Suppl. 2: 641. 1917 Checklist of the grasses of India 329 Coix heteroclita Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3: 572. 1832. Type: India: Bengal; Kyd s.n. Å1810 in herb. Roxburgh (BM, Icon. Ined. 2550= Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8627A, IDC microfiche 7394). Polytoca heteroclita (Roxb.) Koord., Exkurs.-Fl. Java 1: 99. 1911 Polytoca bracteata R. Br., Pl. Rar. Jav. 20. t. 5. 1838. Type: Indonesia: Java, Prowoto Hills, 20 miles south of Semarang; 1809; Horsfield 113 (BM). Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Sikkim, West Bengal [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. The above combination is made here to transfer Polytoca digitata (L.f.) Druce to Chionachne. 878. Chionachne gigantea (J. Koenig) Veldkamp, Blumea 47(3): 559. 2002 Coix gigantea J. Koenig, Naturforscher (Halle) 23: 211. 1788. Type: India: Andhra Pradesh, Circars; Koenig s.n. (BM, K, UPS, Herb. Thunberg 21727, IDC microfiche 1036). Coix koenigii Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 239. 1824 (“1825”), nom. nov. for Coix arundinacea J.Konig ex Willd. Chionachne koenigii (Spreng.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 357. 1864 Polytoca barbata (Roxb.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 102. 1896 Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. gigantea (J. Koenig) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 100. 1896 Coix lingulata Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 5. 1891. Type: Burma: Shan Hills, Fort Stedmens, alt. 3000 ft.; H. Collett. s.n. Coix barbata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3: 569. 1832. Type: India: Andhra Pradesh, Northern Circars, Moist rice field; Roxburgh s.n. (BM, sh. 47254, Icon. Ined. 871=Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8626-A:K, IDC microfiche 7394). Chionachne barbata (Roxb.) R. Br. ex Aitch., Cat. Pl. Punjab Sindh 157. 1869 Coix crypsoides C. Mull., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19(45): 334. 1861. Type: Bengalia Indiae orientalis; Griffith s.n. (B (destroyed); IT: K). Coix arundinacea J. Koenig ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 203. 1805, non Lam., 1791. Type: India: Transchaur, Rarissime; De Friedland s.n. (B-W-17908-b (IDC microfiche 7440)). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal [Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Some authors maintain Chionachne as distinct from Polytoca (Jannink and Veldkamp 2002), but Kellogg (2015b) combines them, pointing out that they are sister genera in molecular phylogenies and are morphologically similar. 330 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 879. Chionachne punctata (R. Br.) Jannink, Blumea 47(3): 566–567, f. 8. 2002 Sclerachne punctata R. Br., Pl. Jav. Rar. (Bennett) 15. t. 4. 1838. Type: Indonesia: Java, near Surakarta, Jebus village; Horsfield s.n. (BM). Polytoca punctata (R. Br.) Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 102. 1896 Chionachne massii Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 78. 1890. Type: “Cette espece a été trouvée par M. Massie, pharmacien de la marine, dans les environs de Sontay. Elle a été recueillie aussi a Bac-ninh par M. Brousemiche.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra [Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. 880. Chionachne semiteres (Benth. ex Hook. f.) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 67: 16. 1931 Polytoca semiteres Benth. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 101. 1896. Type: Deccan Peninsula, Palamcotta; Wight s.n. Burma: Taong-dong Hills; Wallich s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. 881. Chionachne wallichiana (Nees) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212133-1 Cyathorhachis wallichiana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 403. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8629 Polytoca wallichiana (Nees) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 52. 1881 Distribution. Assam, Mizoram, Sikkim [Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Mizoram and Sikkim fide Naithani (1990). The above combination is made here to transfer Polytoca wallichiana (Nees) Benth. to Chionachne. Chrysopogon Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 187. 1820, nom. cons. Type. Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin. (Andropogon gryllus L.) (typ. cons.). Checklist of the grasses of India 331 882. Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 188. 1820 Andropogon aciculatus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 22. 1788 (“1789”) (as “aciculatum”). Type: “Habitat in Indiae Orientalis sterilibus et ruderatis. Gramen aciculatum Rumph. Amb. VI. p. 14. pl. 5. f.1.” Lectotype: India; Koenig s.n. in herb. Retzius (LD). LT designated by Veldkamp in Austrobaileya 5(3): 509. 1999. Rhaphis aciculatus (Retz.) Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 69. 1831 (as “aciculare”) Andropogon javanicus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854. Lectotype: Indonesia: Java; Junghuhn s.n. (P). LT designated by Veldkamp in Austrobaileya 5(3): 510. 1999. Centrophorum chinense Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 106. t. 5. 1820. Type: “Vidi ramum hujus Graminis singularis in Herbario ditissimo Gorenkensi.” Rhaphis trivialis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 553. 1790. Type: “Habitat ubique prope vias, hominibus valde incommode in Cochinchina & China, quia vestibus adhaerens taediose avellitur, cum ex cuti nequeat.” Chrysopogon trivialis Arn. & Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 171. 1843, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. Rhaphis javanica Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854, nom. invalid. cited as synonym of Andropogon javanicus. Andropogon acicularis Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 812. 1817, orth. var. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 883. Chrysopogon asper Heyne ex Blatter & McCann, Sci. Monogr. Imp. Council Agric. Res. India (Bombay Grasses) 5: 68. 1935 Andropogon asper Heyne ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 189. 1896, non (Thunb.) Kunth, 1829, nom. later hom. illeg. Type: India: Madras, Pulicat Hills; Heyne s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 332 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 884. Chrysopogon aucheri (Boiss.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 211. 1907 Andropogon aucheri Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(5): 77. 1844. Type: “Hab. in desertis Persiae australis; Aucher no. 5465.” Chrysopogon ciliolatus (Nees ex Steud.) Boiss. var. aucheri Boiss. (Boiss), Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 458. 1884 Distribution. Gujarat, Rajasthan [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 885. Chrysopogon castaneus Veldkamp & Salunkhe, Rheedea 10(1): 59. 2000 Type. India: Maharashtra, Sindhudurg District, Amboli-Choukul, alt. 2320 ft.; September 18, 1993; S.R. Yadav 8678 (L). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. 886. Chrysopogon copei N. Mohanan & Ravi, Rheedea 11(2): 87. 2001. Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli district, Shengelteri, 700 m, 22 December 2000, Mohanan 45125 (hototype: TBGT; isotype: CAL, CALI, K, MH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 887. Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Chiov., Fl. Somala 1: 327. 1929 Pollinia fulva Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 10. 1815. Type: “Habitat in Bengalia”; Roxburgh s.n. Andropogon sprengelii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 166. 1829 Chrysopogon montanus Trin. in Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 93. 1821. Type: “Hab. in India Orientali”; Koenig s.n. ex herb. Banks in herb. Jacquin (W). Chrysopogon monticola Haines, Indian Forester 40(10): 495. 1914, nom. superfl. & illegit. Andropogon montanus J. Koenig ex Trin. in Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 93. 1821, pro. syn., nom. nud. Andropogon monticola Schult. & Schult. f., Mant. 3 (Schultes & Schultes f.) Add. I665. 1827, nom. superfl. for Chrysopogon montanus Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Checklist of the grasses of India 333 Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 888. Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 188. 1820 ssp. gryllus Andropogon gryllus L., Cent. Pl. II 33. 1756. Type: “Habitat in Rhaetia, Helvetia, Veronae, Sauvages, Seguier.” Lectotype: Seguier, Herb. Linn. No. 1211.2 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1863. 1985. Holcus gryllus (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 199. 1810 Pollinia gryllus (L.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 10. 1815 Andropogon royleanus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Nepal. Chrysopogon glabratus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(4): 318. 1832. Type: “V. spp. Nepal.” Nepal; Wallich s.n. Andropogon glabratus (Trin.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 91. 1840 Apluda gryllus sensu (L.) C. Presl, Cyper. Gramin. Sicul. 55. 1820, non P. Beauv., 1812 Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 889. Chrysopogon gryllus L. ssp. echinulatus (Steud.) Cope, Kew Bull. 35(3): 701. 1980 Andropogon echinulatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 226. Chrysopogon echinulata (Steud.) Will. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 10: 392. 1882 Andropogon gryllus L. ssp. echinulatus (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 552. 1889 Chrysopogon aciculatus Trin. var. echinulatus (Steud.) S.K. Jain, Phytotaxonomy 3: 136. 2004 Rhaphis echinulata Nees, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 417. 1840, nom invalid., nom. nud. Type: Northwest India; Royle 226 (LIV). Distribution. Assam, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 334 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 890. Chrysopogon hackelii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1739. 1934 Andropogon hackelii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 194. 1896. Type: India: Travancore, Nilghiri Hills; Wight 1030 (K). Gondaloo Ghat, alt. 4500 ft.; Lawson s.n. Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8783 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. 891. Chrysopogon hamiltonii (Hook. f.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1036. 1924 Andropogon hamiltonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 190. 1896 (as “hamiltoni”). Type: India: Behar, Monghir; Buchanan-Hamilton s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal. Habit. Perennial. 892. Chrysopogon lancearius (Hook. f.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1036. 1924 Andropogon lancearius Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 190. 1896. Syntypes: India: Sikkim Himalaya, Punkabaree; Kurz s.n. Chota Nagpore; Ramghur, Ghat, 1750 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Odisha, Sikkim, West Bengal. Habit. Perennial. 893. Chrysopogon lawsonii (Hook. f.) Veldkamp, Austrobaileya 5(3): 515. 1999 Vetiveria lawsonii (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 409. 1928 (as “lawsoni”) Andropogon lawsonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 187. 1896. Type: India: Mysore, Bandypore, in moist ground, alt. 3000 ft.; Lawson s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Not recorded. Checklist of the grasses of India 335 894. Chrysopogon narayanii Sunil, Ratheesh, & Sivadasan, Phytotaxa 307 (4): 249. 2017. Type. India: Kerala, Kannur district, Madayippara, 40 m, 5 December 2014, Sunil, R. Narayanam 7187 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 895. Chrysopogon nodulibarbis (Hochst ex Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 534. 1941 Andropogon nodulibarbis Hochst ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Mountains; R.F. Hohencaker 934 Andropogon zeylanicus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 397. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka. Chrysopogon zeylanicus (Steud.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites) 366. 1864 Andropogon peninsulae Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8785 as “Chrysopogon” Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 896. Chrysopogon orientalis (Desv.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 332. 1922 Rhaphis orientalis Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 69. 1831. Type: “India orientalis.” India; Klein 392 (B-W-18636 (sheet 4)). Andropogon aristulatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 372. 1854. Type: “Ins. Borbon” Andropogon breviaristatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, Nilgiri Hills, prope Kaity; October 18; R. F. Hohenacker 1285 (P). Andropogon wightianus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 395. 1854. Lectotype: India; Wight 1676 (P). LT designated by Veldkamp, Austrobaileya 5(3): 518. 1999. Chrysopogon wightianus (Steud.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 366. 1864 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 336 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 897. Chrysopogon polyphyllus (Hack. ex Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 416. 1928 Andropogon polyphyllus Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 194– 195. 1896. Type: India: Madhya Pradesh, Khandua, Chanda and Jubbulpore Districts, by the Nerbudda and Indravati rivers; J.C. Duthie 8491 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [also in Malaysia, North America]. Habit. Perennial. 898. Chrysopogon pseudozeylanicus K.G. Bhat & Nagendran, Reinwardtia 10(2): 128, f. 2. 1985 Type. India: Karnataka State, South Kanara District, Charmadi ghat, about 15 km from Kotigehar on the way to Dharmasthala; November, 1977; K.G. Bhat 550A (CAL). Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Perennial. 899. Chrysopogon purushothamanii Ravi, N. Mohanan & Kiran Raj, Rheedea 10(2): 94. f. 2. 2000 Type. India: Kerala State, Pathanamthitta District. Kozhanchery Taluk, Kokkathode, Kattathipara, alt. 500 ft.; November 25, 2000; Ravi 44811 (TBGT). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 900. Chrysopogon serrulatus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(3): 318. 1832 Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Chiov. var. serrulatus (Trin.) R.R. Stewart, Brittonia 5(4): 466. 1945 Chrysopogon montanus Trin. var. serrulatus (Trin.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 160. 1917, in obs. Andropogon coeruleus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 395. 1854. Type: India; Royle Herb. no. 254, 255 Andropogon ciliolatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 396. 1854. Type: India; Royle Herb. no. 318. India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8788 Chrysopogon ciliolatus (Steud.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 458. 1884 Checklist of the grasses of India 337 Andropogon monticola Schultes var. trinii (Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 193. 1896 Andropogon trinii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 395. 1854. Type: Nepal Andropogon trinii Steud. var. increscens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 558–559. 1889. Syntypes: India: Coutrallum; Wight 1030. Sri Lanka; Thwaites 2954 Chrysopogon wightianus (Steud.) Thwaites var. leucanthus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 366. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Doombera District; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3248 Type. Nepal; 1821; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8791). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 901. Chrysopogon tadulingamii Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 80: 198. f. 15. 1983 Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Periye, alt. 200 ft.; October 18, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71758 (CAL). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 902. Chrysopogon velutinus (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 119. 1960 Andropogon velutinus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 194. 1896. Type: India: Mysore, Chuddapah; Wight 2314 Chrysopogon velutinus Arn. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 194. 1896, nom. nud. pro. syn. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 903. Chrysopogon verticillatus (Roxb.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 360. 1840 Andropogon verticillatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 267. 1820. Type: India: “A native of Mountains, flowering about the end of the wet season.” 338 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 904. Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, Bull. Inst. Franç. Afrique Noire 22: 106. 1960 Phalaris zizanioides L., Mant. Pl. Altera 183. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 78.12 (LINN). LT designated by van der Zon in Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pap. 92-1: 409. 1992. Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash, Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small]. 67, 1326. 1903 Anatherum zizanioides (L.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 285. 1917 Andropogon zizanioides (L.) Urban, Symb. Antill. (Urban). 4: 79. 1903 Holcus zizanioides (L.) Kuntze ex Stuck., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 48. 1904 Sorghum zizanioides (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 791. 1891 Andropogon festucoides J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 340. 1830. Type: “Hab. in Luzonia.” Philippines: Luzon Island; T. Haenke s.n. (PR). Andropogon muricatus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 43. 1783 (as “muricatum”). Type: “Dedit Honoratiss Koenig.” India; Koenig s.n. Anatherum muricatum (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 150. t. 22. f. 10. 1812 Vetiveria muricata (Retz.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. [Grisebach] 560. 1864 Vetiveria arundinacea Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I. [Grisebach] 559. 1864. Type: “P.B. Agrost. t. 22. f. 10 anal.” Vetiveria odorata Virey, J. Pharm. 13: 501. 1827. Type: “East Indies. Ref. is made to Bull. Soc. Philom. 1822: 44.” Vetiveria odoratissima Lem.-Lisanc., Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 43. 1822. Type: Sri Lanka: “à Bourbon à l’lile de France oú elle a été apportée, sous l’ intendance de M. Poivre’, M. Poivre”( P?). (vide Tropicos) Andropogon squarrosus sensu Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 233. 1900, non L. f., 1781 Agrostis verticillata Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1: 59. 1783, non Vill., 1779. Type: “Cette plante croit dans I’Inde, & m’a été communiqué par M. Sonnerat.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Widely cultivated. Checklist of the grasses of India 339 Cleistachne Benth., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 14: 60, t. 1379. 1882 Type. Cleistachne sorghoides Benth. 905. Cleistachne sorghoides Benth., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 14: 60, t. 1379. 1882 Cleistachne stocksii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 162–163. 1896. Type: India: Malabar, Bababoodan Hills; J.E. Stocks s.n., Ritchie s.n. Type. Mozambique: Shubanga, on the Zambesi; J. Kirk s.n. (K). Distribution. Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Bihar and Gujarat fide Naithani (1990). Coix L., Sp. Pl. 2: 972. 1753 Lectotype. Coix lacryma-jobi L. LT designated by G. V. Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 82. 1909; affirmed by Hitchcock, Amer. J. Bot. 5: 250. 1918. 906. Coix aquatica Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Roxburgh) 3: 571–572. 1832 Type. India: Lower parts of Bengal, generally found floating on lakes; Roxburgh s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 907. Coix lacryma-jobi L., Sp. Pl. 2: 972. 1753 Lithagrostis lacryma-jobi (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 7. t. 1. f. 10. 1788 Coix agrestis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 551. 1790. Type: “Habitat agrestis in locis humidis.” Coix arundinacea Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 3(2): 422. 1792. Type: “Cette plante croit dans les pays chauds de l’Amerique.” Coix exaltata J. Jacq., Ecl. Gram. Rar. 60. t. 40. 1820. Type: China Coix lacryma L., Syst. Nat., ed 10. 2: 1261. 1759, nom. superfl. & illegit. for C. lacryma-jobi. Coix ovata Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 343. 1812, nom. superfl. & illeg. 340 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Coix pendula Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 28. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. Type. “Habitat in Indiis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1098.1 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 857. 1982. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 908. Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. stenocarpa Oliv., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1764. 1888 Coix stenocarpa (Oliv.) Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(4): 77–78. 1890 Coix tubulosa Hack. ex Warbg. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13(2): 260. 1890. Type: “Sattelberg bei Finschhafen.” Papua New Guinea; E.F. Warburg 20946 (B). Syntypes. Burma; G. Watt s.n. India: Mergui; Griffith s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoran, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Tripura, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. 909. Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 100. 1896 Coix ma-yuen Rom. Caill., Bull. Soc. Natl. Acclim. France ser. 2, 8: 442. 1881. Type: India: Sikkim, up to 5000 ft.; Watt? Distribution. Assam, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. 910. Coix puellarum Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(4): 77. 1890 Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. puellarum (Balansa) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 220. 1922 Type. Vietnam: Tonkin; Balansa s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 341 Cymbopogon Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 14. 1815 Lectotype. Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. (Andropogon schoenanthus L.). LT designated by N.L. Britton & P. Wilson in Bot. Porto Rico 1: 27. 1923. 911. Cymbopogon caesius (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 360–361. 1906 Andropogon caesius Nees ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 244. 1838. Syntypes: India; Wight 1700b (K). “N. ab E. in Wight Cat. n. 1700”. [China]: “Hab. a et b, in vicinia urbis Macao, et in insulis adjectis; Millett; G.H. Vachell, n. 41. a.” Andropogon schoenanthus L. var. caesius (Nees ex Hook. & Arn.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 610. 1889 Andropogon schoenanthus L. var. gracillimus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 205. 1896. Type: Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8796 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 912. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 322, 357. 1906 Andropogon citratus DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 78. 1813 (as “citratum”). Type: “Cult. at Montpellier, France, from seed collected in Asia” Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 5. p. 181. under Schoenanthum amboinicum, Specimen from Lambert’s Garden (BM). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra,Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Widely cultivated. 913. Cymbopogon coloratus (Hook. f.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 321, 356. 1906 Andropogon nardus L. var. coloratus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 206–207. 1896. Syntypes: India; Heyne s.n., Wight s.n. Andropogon nardus L. ssp. glomeratus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 604. 1889. Type: Peninsular India Orientalis; Wight 3087 342 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 914. Cymbopogon commutatus (Steud.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 211. 1907 var. commutatus Andropogon commutatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 387. 1854. Type: Ethiopia; Schimper 685 (P). Cymbopogon parkeri Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929(1): 10–11. 1929. Type: India: United Provinces, very common in the Ettawah afforestation area; August, 1923; R.S. Pearson s.n. Andropogon laniger sensu Duthie, Fodder Grasses North. India 35. t. 23. 1888, non Desf., 1799 Distribution. Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India, except for Goa and Jammu and Kashmir, all fide Naithani (1990). 915. Cymbopogon commutatus (Steud.) Stapf var. jammuensis (Gupta) Naithani, Fl. Pl. India, Nepal & Bhutan 483. 1990 Cymbopogon parkeri Stapf var. jammuensis Gupta, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Sec. B, 71:96. 1970 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Habit. Perennial. 916. Cymbopogon distans (Nees) Wats., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882 Andropogon distans Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 387. 1854. Lectotype: Nepal; Royle 236 (LIV). LT designated by Soenarko, Reiwardtia 9: 356. 1977. Cymbopogon distans (Nees) Wats. var. mundensis Gupta, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Sec. B, 71:97. 1970 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Jammu and Kashmir fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 343 917. Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees) Will. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N.W. Prov. 392. 1982 var. flexuosus Andropogon flexuosus Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac.(Steudel) 1: 388. 1854. Type: India; Wight 1704 (P). “A. nardus Klein herb. Ind. or.” Andropogon nardus L. ssp. flexuosus (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 603. 1889. Type: Peninsular India; Wight 171 Cymbopogon travancorensis Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 174–176. f. 24. 1954. Type: India: Courtallum, Tinnevelly; November 11, 1908; Bourne 5309 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 918. Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees) Will. Watson var. coimbatore B.K. Gupta, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B. 71: 94. 1970 Type. India; B.K. Gupta 32 (DD). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 919. Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees) Will. Watson var. sikkimensis Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 162. 1954 Syntypes. India: Sikkim, Kynanooka, Terai; November, 1878; J.S. Gamble 7363. Tuckvar; September 19, 1874; Treutler 792. Rungpo, alt.; November 3, 1909; I.H. Burkill 34063. West Bengal, Darjeeling District, Badamtam, Ranjit; November 1, 1909; I.H. Burkill 34012. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Sikkim fide Naithani (1990). 920. Cymbopogon gidarba (Buch.- Ham. ex Steud.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1048. 1924 var. gidarba Andropogon gidarba Buch.- Ham. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 387. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8797 344 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Perennial. 921. Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 458. 1824 ssp. jwarancusa (“iwarancusa”) Andropogon jwarancusa Jones, Asiat. Res. 4: 109. 1795. Type: India: Lucnow; Blane s.n. Andropogon himalayensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 421. 1899, non Steud., 1854. Type: India: Jihri Garhwal, Tous Valley, alt. 3000–4000 ft. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 922. Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. var. assamensis Gupta, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Sec. B, 71:95. 1970. Distribution. Assam. Habit. Perennial. 923. Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. ssp. olivieri (Boiss.) Soenarko, Reinwardtia 9(3): 307. 1977 Andropogon olivieri Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(5): 76. 1844. Type: Iraq: Baghdad (“Mesopotamia”); 1834; Archer Eloy 2955 (G). Cymbopogon olivieri (Boiss.) Bor, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 25(1): 62. 1963 Andropogon iwarancusa Jones ssp. laniger (Desf.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 203. 1896 Andropogon laniger Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 379. 1800. Type: “Habitat in montibus prope Cafsam” (as “lanigerum”) Cymbopogon ladakhensis B.K. Gupta, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B. 71: 10. 1970. Type: India: Kashmir; B.K. Gupta 37 (DD). Cymbopogon schoenanthus sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 131. 1960, non (L.) Spreng., 1815 Andropogon schoenanthus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 204. 1896, non L., 1753 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Checklist of the grasses of India 345 Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh and Nepal fide Naithani (1990). 924. Cymbopogon khasianus (Hack.) Stapf ex Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 92. 1938 Andropogon nardus L. ssp. khasianus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 603. 1889. Type: [Bangladesh] India: Silhet; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8794-H; Griffith 6764, 6765 (K). Andropogon khasianus Munro ex Duthie, Fodder Grasses North. India 88. 1888, nom. nud. Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland [Bhutan, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 925. Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Will. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882 Andropogon martini Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 280–281. 1820. Type: “A native of the high lands of Balla-ghat, General Martin collected the seeds while there with the army, during the last war with Tippoo Sultan, and has reared abundance of it at Lucknow.” Andropogon schoenanthus L. var. martini (Roxb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 204. 1896 Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Will. Watson var. sofia B.K. Gupta, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B 71: 97. 1970 Andropogon pachnodes Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(3): 284. 1832. Type: Nepal; Wallich s.n. Cymbopogon pachnodes (Trin.) Will. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N.W. Prov. 392. 1882 Cymbopogon motia B.K. Gupta, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B 71: 92. 1970. Type: India; B.K. Gupta 25 (DD). Cymbopogon martinianus Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 459. 1824, nom. superfl. & illegit. for Andropogon martini Roxb. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Native to India; also cultivated. Habit. Perennial. 346 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 926. Cymbopogon microstachys (Hook. f.) Soenarko, Reinwardtia 9(3): 364. 1977 Andropogon nardus L. var. microstachys Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 207. 1896. Lectoype: India: Garo Hills; Mann s.n. (vide Soenarko, Reinwardtia 9(3): 364. 1977) Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) Will.Watson var. microstachys (Hook. f.) Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 162. 1954 Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 927. Cymbopogon microthecus (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 1: 284. 1921 Andropogon microtheca Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 208. 1896. Type: Nepal: East Nepal, hot Valleys, alt. 3000–4000 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. Distribution. Bihar, Sikkim [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 928. Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2(1): 155. 1899 var. nardus Andropogon nardus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1046. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Hermann 2: 66, No. 45 (BM-000594628). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 764. 1982. Andropogon ampliflorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 388. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java; Zollinger 849 (P). Andropogon thwaitesii Hook. f., Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 243. 1900. Type: Sri Lanka: Nuwara Eliya; August, 1864; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3784 (K). Cymbopogon thwaitesii (Hook. f.) Willis, Revis. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 110. 1911 Andropogon distans Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites) 367. 1864, non Nees ex Steud., 1854 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Tripura [Bhutan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 347 929. Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle var. confertiflorus (Steud.) Stapf ex Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 51: 905. 1953 Andropogon confertiflorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 385. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri Mountains; 1851; R.F. Hohenacker 932 (K). Cymbopogon confertiflorus (Steud.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 318, 355. 1906 Andropogon nardus L. var. nilagiricus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 206. 1896. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri Mountains; 1851; R.F. Hohenacker 932 (S-G402). Andropogon nardus L. var. luridus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 206. 1896. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills; Schmid s.n. Sri Lanka; Gardner s.n., Maxwell s.n. Andropogon nardus L. ssp. nilagiricus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 604. 1889. Type: cited many syntypes Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 930. Cymbopogon osmastonii R. Parker, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 31: 126. 1932 Type. India: Assam, Kheri District; Osmaston 1430 (K). Distribution. Assam, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 931. Cymbopogon pendulus (Nees) Will.Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882 Andropogon pendulus Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 388. 1854. Type: Nepal Distribution. Assam [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 932. Cymbopogon polyneuros (Steud.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1906: 345, 361. 1906 Andropogon polyneuros Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 385. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, Nilgiri Hills; R.F. Hohenacker 933 (L). 348 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Andropogon schoenanthus L. var. versicolor (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 610. 1889 Andropogon versicolor Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 388. 1854. Type: East Indies. Cymbopogon versicolor (Steud.) J.F. Watson in Atkins., Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882 Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 933. Cymbopogon pospischilii (K. Schum.) C.E. Hubb., Kew Bull. 1949: 175. 1949 Andropogon pospischilii K. Schum. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 328. 1897. Type: Mozambique: Muani; February; Pospischil s.n.(B). Andropogon nardus L. var. stracheyi Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 207. 1896. Syntypes: India: Kumaon; R. Strechey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. as A. martini. Kalenath, alt. 6000 ft.; R. Strechey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. Pangi; Stolizka s.n. Cymbopogon stracheyi (Hook. f.) Raizada & S.K. Jain, Indian Forester 80(1): 44. 1954 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 934. Cymbopogon ramnagarensis Gupta, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Sec. B, 71:86. 1970 Type. B. K. Gupta 30; India (Dehra Dun). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Soenarko (1977) suggests that this species is a hybrid and should be known as C. x stracheyi (Hook.f.) Raizada & S.K. Jain. 935. Cymbopogon traninhensis (A. Camus) Soenarko, Reinwardtia 9(3): 347. 1977 Cymbopogon confertiflorus (Steud.) Stapf var. traninhensis A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26: 565. 1920. Type: Laos: Traninh “Spontane sur les hauts plateaux de Tra ninh”; Mieville s.n. (P). Cymbopogon khasianus (Hack.) Stapf ex Bor var. nagensis Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 169. 1954. Type: India: Assam, Naga Hills, Shiloi Jopi, alt. 8000 ft.; November, 1935; N.L. Bor 10 (K). Distribution. Assam, Nagaland [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 349 936. Cymbopogon travancorensis Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 52: 174. 1954 Type. India: Travancore: Courtallam, Tennevelly District; November 11, 1908; Bourne 5309 (K). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 937. Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 4: 188. 1908 Type. Sri Lanka: Pillagoda Valley, Buddegama S. P.; February 11, 1908; A.W. Winter s.n. (K). Distribution. Maharashtra [China, Sri Lanka]. Native to India, but also cultivated. Habit. Perennial. Dichanthium Willemet, Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 18: 11. 1796 Type. Dichanthium nodosum Willemet, nom. illeg. (Andropogon annulatus Forssk. (as “annulatum”), Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf. 938. Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 178. 1917 Andropogon annulatus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 173. 1775 (as “annulatum”). Type: “Passim ad ripas Nili.” Egypt: Rashid, banks of Nile River; June, 1762; Forsskal 127 (C). Lepeocercis annulata (Forssk.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 98. 1841 Andropogon garipensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 379. 1854. Type: “Ad fluv. Garip. Afr. austr.” India; Buchanan-Hamilton s.n. (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8810C) Andropogon obtusus Nees ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 243. 1838 (as “obtuso”). Type: Not given. Andropogon scandens Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 262. 1820. Type: India: “Grows commonly in hedges.” Andropogon comosus sensu Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 239. 1827, non Spreng., 1819 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 350 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 939. Dichanthium aristatum (Poir.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 654. 1939 Andropogon aristatus Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 585. 1811 (as “aristatum”). Type: “Cette plante a été observée a l’lle de-France par Commerson. (Herb. Desfont.)” Andropogon mollicomus Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 365 t. 96. 1830. Type: “Crescit in insulis Franciae et Timor.” Lepeocercis mollicoma (Kunth) Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 185. 1835 Andropogon caricosus L. var. mollicomus (Kunth) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 569. 1889 Diplasanthum lanosum Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 67. t. 5. f. 1. 1831. Type: “Habitat in India orientali.” Andropogon nodosus Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17(2): 122. 1912, nom. superfl. & illeg.? Dichanthium nodosum Willemet, Ann. Bot. (Usteri). 18: 11. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon annulatum Forssk. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China]. Habit. Perennial. 940. Dichanthium armatum (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32(2): 357. 1927 (as “Dicanthio armato”) Andropogon armatus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 197. 1896. Type: India: Concan; J.E. Stocks s.n. Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 941. Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 549. 1921, nom. cons. Andropogon caricosus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1480. 1763 (as “caricosum”), nom. cons. Type: “Habitat in India.” Andropogon filiformis Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 103. 1805 (as “filiforme”) Heteropogon concinnus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 368. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Badulla District, Bibili, at no great elevation; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3556 Andropogon serratus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 21. 1788 (“1789”), (as “serratum”) non Thunb., 1784. Type: “Crescit ad oras fluminis in Bengalia, Cel Koening.” Checklist of the grasses of India 351 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 942. Dichanthium concanense (Hook. f.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”) (as “concanensis”) Andropogon concanensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 174. 1896. Type: India: Maharashtra, Bombay; Woodrow 28 (K). Bothriochloa concanensis (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 457. 1940 Amphilophis concanensis (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 422. 1928 Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. 943. Dichanthium foulkesii (Hook. f.) S.K. Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 20(1–4): 134. 1979 (“1978”) Andropogon foulkesii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 174. 1896. Syntypes: India: Nilghiri Hills; Wight s.n. Kaity; Foulkes s.n.(K). Bothriochloa foulkesii (Hook. f.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 457. 1940 Amphilophis foulkesii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1732. 1934 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 944. Dichanthium jainii (Deshp. & Hemadri) Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 21(1–4): 198. 1981 (“1979”) Bothriochloa jainii Deshp. & Hemadri, Indian Forester 97(10): 593. 1971. Type: India: Maharashtra, Poona District, Junnar, Dhak Khilla; October 29, 1964; K. Hemadri 104241A (CAL). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. 352 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 945. Dichanthium mccannii Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 357. 1927 Type. India: Bombay Presidency, Satara District, Panchgani; October, 1925; C. McCann s.n. (BLAT). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 946. Dichanthium oliganthum (Hochst. ex Steud.) Cope, Kew Bull. 35(3): 703. 1980 Andropogon oliganthus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 368. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Mountains; Metz, ed R.F. Hohenacker Herb. Ind. no. 1288 (K). Heteropogon oliganthus (Hochst. ex Steud.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 623. 1928 Indochloa oligantha (Hochst. ex Steud.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 79. 1954 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 947. Dichanthium pallidum (Hook. f.) Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1741. 1934 Apocopis pallida Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 143. 1896. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills; Foulkes s.n. Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 948. Dichanthium panchganiense Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 357. t. 1. 1927 Type. India: Bombay Presidency, Satara District, Panchgani; November, 1925; C. McCann s.n. (BLAT). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 949. Dichanthium paranjpyeanum (Bhide) Clayton, Kew Bull. 32(3): 579. 1978 Andropogon paranjpyeanus Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n.s. 7: 514. 1911. Type: India: Bombay, Castle Rock; Bhide s.n. (K, isotype). Checklist of the grasses of India 353 Eremopogon paranjpyeanus (Bhide) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 427. 1928 (as “paranjpyeanum”) Schizachyrium paranjpyeanum (Bhide) Raizada & Jain, Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. Assoc. 3: 130. 1953 Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). 950. Dichanthium tuberculatum (Hack.) Cope, Kew Bull. 35(3): 703. 1980 Andropogon tuberculatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 404. 1889. Type: India: Assirgar; O. Kuntze s.n. (W). Eremopogon tuberculatus (Hack.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 208. 1921 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. Diectomis Kunth, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2: 69. 1815, nom. cons. Type. Diectomis fastigiata (Sw.) P. Beauv. (Andropogon fastigiatus Sw. (as “fastigiatum”)). 951. Diectomis fastigiata (Sw.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 132, 150, 160. 1812 Andropogon fastigiatus Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 26. 1788 (as “fastigiatum”). Type: Jamaica; Swatrz s.n. Pollinia fastigiata (Sw.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 13. 1815 Andropogon diatherus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 378–379. 1854. Type: Oaxaca Andropogon hochstetteri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 384. 1854. Type: Abyssinia; Schimper 2013 (P). Heteropogon hochstetteri (Steud.) Andersson ex Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 306. 1867 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, West Bengal [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Dimeria R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 204. 1810 Type. Dimeria acinaciformis R. Br. 354 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 952. Dimeria agasthyamalayana Kiran Raj & Ravi, Rheedea 11(2): 93. 2001 Type. India: Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram District, Agasthyamala Hills, Bonaccord, alt. 2500 ft.; February 1, 2000; Kiran Raj 41939 (TBGT). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 953. Dimeria andamanica Gosavi, M.Y. Kamble, Chandore & S.R. Yadav, Phytotaxa 270(4): 296. 2016. Type. India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, South Andaman, Chidiya Tapu, 28 m, 12 December 2014, M. Y. Kamble 32185 (holotype: CAL, isotype: PBL, SUK). Distribution. Andaman Islands. Habit. Annual. 954. Dimeria aristata (Hack.) Senaratna, Grasses Ceylon (Perad. Man., No. 8) 163. 1956 Dimeria lehmannii Hack. var. aristata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 83. 1889 Distribution. Orisssa, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 955. Dimeria avenacea (Retz.) C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 72. 1932 Anthoxanthum avenaceum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 8. 1783 (as “auenaceum”). Type: “E. Tranquebaria misit cel. Koenig.” Dimeria avenacea (Retz.) C.E.C. Fisch. var. elatior (Hook. f.) Bor, Kew Bull.1952: 562. 1952 Dimeria elatior (Hook. f.) Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon 162. 1956 Dimeria pusilla Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 369. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Kokotodua; Gardner Ceylon Plant 954. Dimeria pusilla Thwaites var. elatior Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 103. 1896. Type: Sri Lanka: Trincomalee; Glennie Ceylon Plant 957. Dimeria acutipes Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 560. 1952. Type: India: Madras State; September, 1898; Bourne 35 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Checklist of the grasses of India 355 Habit. Annual. 956. Dimeria balakrishnaniana K. Ravik., Sreek. & Lakshm., Kew Bull. 45(3): 573. 1990 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Madurai District, High Wavy’s Mountains, Nursery Valley, 4500 ft.; January 22, 1988; Lakshmanan 87543 (CAL). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 957. Dimeria bialata C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 351. 1933 Type. India: Kanara District, Siradi; November; A. Meebold 10548. Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 958. Dimeria blatteri Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 70. 1949 Type. India: Bombay, Khandala, Echo Point; October, 1918; Blatter & McCann s.n. (BLAT). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 959. Dimeria chelariensis Ravi, Rheedea 5(1): 37. f. 1. 1995 Type. India: Kerala, Malappuram District, Chelari; November 28, 1992; N. Ravi 3606 (TBGT). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 960. Dimeria connivens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 689. (add.) 1889 Type. India orientalis, loco speciali collectoreque ignoto; T. Anderson s.n. Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan. Habit. Annual. 356 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 961. Dimeria copeana Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 78: 577. f. 9. 1981 Type. India: Kerala, Alleppey District, Thrikkunna Puzha; March 13, 1980; P.V. Sreekumar 66736 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 962. Dimeria copei Ravi, Blumea 41(1): 251. 1996 Type. India: Kerala, Alappuzha District, Kalavoor; December 3, 1992; Ravi 3655 (TGBT). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 963. Dimeria deccanensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 578. 1952 Type. India: Madras State, Pilicode, S. Kanara; November 11, 1917; 15340 ex Madras Herb. (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Kerala and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 964. Dimeria eradii Ravi, Rheedea 5(1): 39. f. 2. 1995 Type. India: Kerala, Malppuram Distrrict, Tenhipa’am; November 29, 1992; N. Ravi 3641 (TBGT). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 965. Dimeria falcata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 85. 1889 Distribution. North East India [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not reported. Checklist of the grasses of India 357 966. Dimeria fasciculata P. Kumari & R. Lakra, Int. J. Adv. Res. 6(7): 484–490. 2018. Type. India: Andaman Islands, Middle Andaman, Panchvati, 08 February 2017, Reshma Lakra 32835 (holotype: CAL; isotype: PBL). Distribution. Andaman Islands. Habit. Annual. 967. Dimeria fischeri Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 564. 1952 Type. India: Madras State, Mahendragiri; C.E.C. Fischer 133 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 968. Dimeria fuscescens Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 335. 1832 Type. Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8841. Distribution. Assam, Kerala, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 969. Dimeria gracilis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 413. 1855 Dimeria laxiuscula Thwaites & Trimen, J. Bot. 23: 272. 1885. Type: Sri Lanka: Pasdun Korle; September, 1864; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3863 in Herb. Perad.; Kulutara; December, 1882 Dimeria leptorhachis Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 89. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites 3261 Dimeria pilosissima (J. Presl) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 369. 1864, non Trin., 1832, isonym Type. Sri Lanka; Lindley s.n. Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 358 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 970. Dimeria hohenackeri Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 35. 1851 Psilostachys hohenackeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 413. 1855. Type: India; R.F. Hohenacker 231 Arthraxon hohenackeri Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 413. 1855, pro syn., nom. inval. Type. India: Manglore; Metz 231b. Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 971. Dimeria idukkiensis Ravi & N. Anilkumar, Rheedea 2(2): 104. 1992 Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Peermedu, Kuttikkanam; October 19, 1991; Anil Kumar 3190 (MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 972. Dimeria jainii Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Curr. Sci. 52(6): 259. f. 1. 1983 Type. India: Kerala, Calicut District, Pokkunnamalai, Nanminda, alt. 2700 ft.; October 29, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71814 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 973. Dimeria jayachandranii Arisdason & P. Daniel, Kew Bull. 64(2): 345, f. 1. 2009. Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore District, Anamalais hills, Karian Shola, 800– 1000 m, 5 December 2002, Arisdason 115578 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 974. Dimeria josephii Ravi & N. Mohanan, Rheedea 11(2): 90–92. f. 2. 2001 Type. India: Kerala, Palakkad District, Nenmara, 250 ft.; November 24, 1998; Ravi 39542 (TBGT). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 359 975. Dimeria kalavoorensis Ravi, Blumea 41(1): 251. 1996 Type. India: Kerala, Alappuzha District, Kalavoor; December 3, 1992; Ravi 3654 (TGBT). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 976. Dimeria kaleri P. Biju, Josekutty & Augustine, Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 25(1): 14. 2018. Type. India, Kerala, Kasaragod district, Karakkode lateritic plateau, 75 m, 12 December, Biju & Jomy 1166 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Not mentioned. 977. Dimeria kalliyadense Biju, Josekutty & Augustine, Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(11): 705–711. 2017. Type. India: Kerala, Kannur district, Kalliyad lateritic plateau, 190 m, 14 September 2013, Biju & Jomy 2468 (holotype: CAL, isotype: MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 978. Dimeria kanjirapallilana Jacob, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 47: 48. 1947 (as “kanijirapallilana”) Type. South India, Travancore, Peermade, alt. 3200 ft.; December, 1941; K.C. Jacob s.n. (MH-86320). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990). 979. Dimeria keralae N.C. Nair, Sreek. & V.J. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 80: 626. f. 1–16. 1984 Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Paramba, Bandudka, alt. 500 ft.; October 16, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71717 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 360 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 980. Dimeria kollimalayana M. Mohanan & A.V.N. Rao, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 80: 617. f. 1–10. 1984 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Salem District, Kollimalai, alt. 3900; February 19, 1982; M. Mohanan 56802 (CAL). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 981. Dimeria kurzii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 103. 1896 Type. Myanmar: Pegu, 27 December 1870, S. Kurz 2741 (K). Distribution. Kerala, Nagaland. Habit. Annual. 982. Dimeria lawsonii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1713. 1934 Dimeria pusilla Thwaites var. lawsonii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 103. 1896. Type: India: Malabar, Wynaad; Lawson s.n. Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 983. Dimeria lehmannii (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 82. 1889 (as “lehmanni”) Pterygostachyum lehmannii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 413. 1855 (as “lehmanni”). Type: India Dimeria lehmanii (Nees) Hack. var. mutica Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 83. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 955 Dimeria alata Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 105. 1896. Type: Sri Lanka; 1864; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 955 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 984. Dimeria mahendragiriensis Ravi, H.O. Saxena & Brahmam, Rheedea 5(2): 142. 1995 Type. India: Odisha, Gajapati District, Mahendragiri hill, 1350 m, 22 November 1979, H. O Saxena & M. Brahmam 3880 (holotype: RRLB). Checklist of the grasses of India 361 Distribution. Odisha. Habit. Perennial 985. Dimeria mooneyi Raizada ex Mooney, Suppl. Bot. Bihar Orissa 263. 1950 Dimeria borii Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 3(2): 657. f. 1. 1982. Type: India: Kerala, Calicut District, Kanjeerakkadavu, near Kakkayam, alt. 3000 ft.; November 26, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71855 (CAL). Type. India: Orissa, Sambalpur District, close to Sonabera Village, alt. 2300 ft.; Mooney 3652 & 3657 (K, DD). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual or perennial. Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 986. Dimeria namboodiriana Ravi & N. Mohanan, Rheedea 7(1): 1. 1997. Type. India: Kerala, Pathanamthitta District, Ponnambalamedu, 5 January 1996, Ravi 24050 (holotype: TBGT, iso: K, KFRI, L, MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 987. Dimeria orissae Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 579. 1952 Type. India: Orissa, Pipokhuri, Keonjhar State, alt. 3200 ft.; October 1, 1946; H.F. Mooney 2758 (K). Distribution. Odisha, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 988. Dimeria ornithopoda Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 167. t. 14. 1820 var. ornithopoda Andropogon roxburghianus Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 451. 1824. Type: India: Calcutta; Roxburgh s.n. Andropogon stipiformis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(4–5): 377. 1854. Japon. ex Hrbo. Mus. Lug. Batav. Dimeria stipiformis Miq., Prolus. Fl. Japon. 176. 1866 (as “stipaeformis”) Dimeria filiformis Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 35. 1851, nom. superfl. for Andropogon roxburghianus Schult. 362 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Psilostachys filiformis Dalzell in Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl. 305. 1861 nom. superfl. for Andropogon roxburghianus Schult. Andropogon filiformis Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 260. 1820, non Pers., 1805 Type. India orientali. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 989. Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. var. gracillima Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 576. 1952 Syntypes. India: Bihar, Parasnath, alt. 4000 ft.; October 1, 1873; C.B. Clarke 21084B. Ibidem, alt. 4500 ft.; October 1, 1833; C.B. Clarke 33719A &C. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 990. Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. var. khasiana Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 576. 1952 Syntypes. India: Assam, Khasia Hills, Cherra, alt. 4000 ft.; October 6, 1867; C.B. Clarke 5625. Ibidem, Mamloo, 4000 ft.; September 24, 1886; C.B. Clarke 45095A. Ibidem; Griffith s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Meghalaya fide Naithani (1990). 991. Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. var. megalantha Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 576. 1952 Type. India: Maharashtra, Bombay, Belgaum; May 25, 1914; Anonymous no. 14. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka (Naithani), Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 363 992. Dimeria pubescens Hack., Monogr Phan. 6: 83. 1889 Dimeria ceylanica Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 562. 1952. Type: Sri Lanka; Gardner 1008, Thwaites 956 p.p. (K, DD). Dimeria kurumthotticalana Jacob, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 47: 49. 1947. Type: India: Travancore, Peermade, alt. 3200; December, 1941; K.C. Jacob s.n. (MH- 86320A). Dimeria trimenii Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 198. 1900. Syntypes: Sri Lanka: Elpiliya Patana; Pearson s.n., Unknown locality; Trimen s.n Type. C. P. Thwaites 956 ex p., “in insula Ceylon”. Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Karnataka, Odisha and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 993. Dimeria raizadae V.J. Nair, Sreek. & N.C. Nair, Indian J. Forest. 6(2): 163. f. 1–8. 1983 Type. India: Kerala, Calicut District, Pokkunnamalai, near Nanminda, alt. 2700 ft.; October 29, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71812 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 994. Dimeria raviana Kiran Raj & Sivad., Phytotaxa 195(2): 193. 2015 Type. India: Kerala, Idukki district, Periyar Tiger Reserve, 950 m, Jomy s.n. (holotype: CAL, isotype: KFRI). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 995. Dimeria santapaui M. R. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 66: 510. f. A–I. 1970 Type. India: North Kanara, Mirjan flats; October, 1919; Sedgwick & Bell 6875 (BLAT). Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 996. Dimeria sivarajanii N. Mohanan & Ravi, Rheedea 6(2): 47. f. 1. 1996 Type. India: Kerala, Pathanamthitta District, Kochu Pampa Hills; January 4, 1996; Ravi TBG & RI 24041 (TBGT). 364 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 997. Dimeria sreenarayanae Ravi & N. Anilkumar, Rheedea 2: 101. 1992 (as “sreenarayanii”) Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Peermudu, Kuttikkanam; December 30, 1991; Anil Kumar 3297 (MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 998. Dimeria stapfiana C.E. Hubb. ex Pilg., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 14e: 109. 1940 Woodrowia diandra Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2447. 1896. Type: India: Poona District, Mawal; Woodrow s.n. Dimeria diandra (Stapf ) Stapf ex Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n.s.) 7(8): 516. 1912 (“1911”), non Griff., 1851 Type. “Zierliche, meist einjahrige Graser, Blatter nach oben zu am Halm an Grosse abnehmend.” Distribution. Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 999. Dimeria thwaitesii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 78. 1889 Dimeria pusilla Thwaites var. pallida Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 103. 1896. Type: Sri Lanka: Damboul; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 957 (p.p.). Type. Sri Lanka: Dambool; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3965. Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1000. Dimeria veldkampii Kiran Raj & Sivad., Novon 18(2): 183, f. 1. 2008. Type. India: Goa, North Goa district, Taleigao, 50 m, 27 October 2002, M. S. Kiran Raj 81073 (holotype: CALI, isotype: MH, MO). Distribution. Goa. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 365 1001. Dimeria woodrowii Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 24: t. 2312. 1894 Type. India: Rutnagherry District, Bombay, near Goa; Woodrow s.n. Distribution. Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Elionurus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): 941. 1806 (as “Elyonurus”), nom. & orth. cons. Type. Elionurus tripsacoides Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. 1002. Elionurus royleanus Nees ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 471. 1850–1851 Type. “Crescit in declivitatibus ad fluvii Tacazze ripam sinistram (Schimper).” Ethiopia: Tacazze; Schimper 795 (P?). Distribution. Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Eremochloa Buse, Gram. (Buse) 17. 1854 Type. Eremochloa horneri Buse, 1003. Eremochloa muricata (Retz.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 262. 1889 Aegilops muricata Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 2: 27. 1781. Type: “Ex India Orientali diu habui pro exaltata, donec illam benevoletia Cl. D. Konig accepi.” India; Koenig s.n. (LD). Rottboellia muricata (Retz.) Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 12. 1783 Ischaemum pectinatum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 296. 1832. Lectotype: Burma; 1826–1827; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 015 in herb. Trinius 95.3(LE). LT designated by Buitenhuis & Veldkamp in Blumea 46(2): 410. 2001. Andropogon pectinatus (Trin.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 366 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1004. Eremochloa zeylanica Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 263. 1889 Andropogon falcatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854 Ischaemum falcatum (Steud.) Nees ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 436. 1864 Ischaemum zeylanicum (Hack.) Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 107. 1885. Type: Sri Lanka: Kornegala, Hill slopes, 3000–5000 ft.; September, 1862; Ceylon Plant Thwaites 3322 Type. Sri Lanka; Thwaites 3322 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Eremopogon Stapf (1917), Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 182–183. 1917 Lectotype. Eremopogon foveolatus (Delile) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 183. 1917 (Andropogon foveolatus Delile). LT designated by Maire, Fl. Afrique Nord 1: 275. 1952). 1005. Eremopogon foveolatus (Delile) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 183. 1917 Andropogon foveolatus Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2: 16, t. 8, f. 2. 1813, (“1812”) (as “foveolatum”). Type: “Fleurit en hiver dans les vallees sablonneuses de l’isthme de Soneys.” Egypt: l’isthe de Soneys; no date; A.R. Delile s.n.(P). Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Roberty, Boissiera 9: 170. 1960 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Eriochrysis P. Beauv., Essai Agrostogr. 8. 1812 Type. Eriochrysis cayanensis P. Beauv. 1006. Eriochrysis rangacharii C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 246. 1932 Type. India: Nilgiri Hills, Pykara; June, 1900; Sir A. G. & Lady Bourne s.n. (K). Checklist of the grasses of India 367 Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Euclasta Franch., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 335. 1895 Type. Euclasta glumaceus Franch. 1007. Euclasta clarkei (Hack.) Cope, Kew Bull. 35(3): 704. 1980 Andropogon clarkei Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 49. 1891. Type: India: Chota Nagpur, Parasnath, alt. 4200 ft., Hazaribagh; October 7, 1883; C.B.Clarke 33780 (K). Dichanthium clarkei (Hack.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1040. 1924 Indochloa clarkei (Hack.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 76. 1954 Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra, Rajasthan. Habit. Annual. 1008. Euclasta condylotricha (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 181. 1917 Andropogon condylotrichus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 377. 1854. Type: Ethiopia: Dscheladscheranne; Schimper 2011(P). Andropogon piptatherus Hack., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 2(3): 293. 1883. Type: “Habitat in prov. Goyaz ad Porto Imperial et ad fl. Tocantins inter Porto Imperial et Funil; Burchell 8780.” Brazil: Goiás; Burchell 8761-7 (W). Amphilophis piptatherus (Hack.) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17(2): 127. 1912 Sorghum piptatherum (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 792. 1891 Euclasta glumacea Franch., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 336. t. 8. 1895. Type: Congo Francais: “Comba, entre Londina et Brazzaville; Thollon 1040.” Congo Francais: “Lope, dans l’Ogooue”; Thollon 787 Euclasta graminea sensu T. Durand & H. Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol. 649. 1909 (as “Euclaste”), non Franch, 1895. Distribution. Madhya Pradesh [also in Africa, North America, South America]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Possibly introduced. Eulalia Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 160. 1829 Type. Eulalia aurea (Bory) Kunth (Andropogon aureus Bory (“aureum”)). 368 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1009. Eulalia contorta (Brongn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Pogonatherum contortum Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(2): 90, t. 17. 1831. Type: “Bourou, dans les iles Moluques.” Pseudopogonatherum contortum (Brongn.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 255. 1922 Andropogon asthenostachys Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 381. 1854. Type: Philippine Islands; H. Cuming 1101. Andropogon koretrostachys Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 273. 1832. Type: Philippine Islands: Manila. Pseudopogonatherum koretrostachys (Trin.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 521. 1941 Eulalia koretrostachys (Trin.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 521. 1941 Pollinia articulata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 4:90. 1836. Type: “Inss. Molucc.” Erianthus articulatus (Trin.) F. Muell., Fragm. (Mueller) 8: 118. 1872–1874 Puliculum articulatum (Trin.) Stapf ex Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1018. 1924 (as “articulata”) Pollinia articulata Trin. var. pedicellata Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 110. 1896. Type: India: Kumaon; Duthei s.n. Eulalia concinna Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 412. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8814 Pollinia collina Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(4): 81. 1890. Type: Vietnam: Valleys of TuPhap; Balansa 1771 Pseudopogonatherum collinum (Balansa) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 256. 1922 Pollinia setifolia Nees, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 101. 1850. Type: Philippines Island; H. Cuming 1101 Pseudopogonatherum setifolium (Nees) E.G. Camus & A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 256. 1922 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 1010. Eulalia fastigiata (Nees) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1014. 1924 Saccharum fastigiatum Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel)1: 409. 1855. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8847 Erianthus fastigiatus (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 125. 1896 Distribution. Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 369 1011. Eulalia fimbriata (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Pollinia fimbriata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 164. 1889. Type: India: Malabar & Concan; J.E. Stocks s.n. Distribution. Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [China]. Habit. Annual. 1012. Eulalia hirtifolia (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 (as “hirtiflora); A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 202. 1921 Pollinia hirtifolia Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 165. 1889. Type: India: Simla; Hugel 758 (CAL). Eulalia quadrinervis (Hack.) Kuntze var. hirtifolia (Hack.) Sur, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 6(1): 185. 1985 Distribution. Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Author K. Gandhi notes that “Kuntze cited Hackel as the parenthetical author, but perhaps due to confusion, misspelled Hackel’s epithet hirtifolia as “hirtiflora” … The typographical error is correctable (vide Shenzhen Code Arts. 60.1, 61.4).” 1013. Eulalia leschenaultiana (Decne.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 2. 1947 Andropogon leschenaultianus Decne., Herb. Timor. Descr. 29. 1835. Type: Timor Pollinia cumingii Nees, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 98. 1850. Type: Philippine Islands: Mindoro; H. Cuming 1538 Eulalia cumingii (Nees) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 250. 1922 Andropogon aureofulvus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854 (as “aureo-fulvus”). Type: China: Fortune Herb. 4. Philippine Islands; Cuming Herb. no. 1538 Distribution. Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Perennial. 1014. Eulalia madkotiensis Kandwal, B.K. Gupta & S.K. Srivast., Kew Bull. 62(3): 519–521. f. 1. 2007 Type. India: Uttaranchal, Pithoragarh District. Madkot, towards Jauljibi; August 2, 2004; Manish K. Kandwal 3363 (BSD). 370 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Uttarakhand. Habit. Perennial. 1015. Eulalia manipurensis Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 156. 1960 Type. Burma: Manipur State, Palel, in wet grassland, alt. 2300 ft.; N.L. Bor 17736 (K). Distribution. Manipur [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1016. Eulalia mollis (Griseb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Erianthus mollis Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 92. 1868. Type: Himalaya occidentalis, 5000–6000 ft.; Thomson Erianthus no. 3. India: Kumaon, Almora; R. Strachey s.n. Pollinia mollis (Griseb.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 161. 1889 Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1017. Eulalia pallens (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Pollinia pallens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 156. 1889. Type: India; J.D. Hooker Erianthus no. 17 (B). Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [China]. Habit. Perennial. 1018. Eulalia phaeothrix (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Pollinia phaeothrix Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 168. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka: Newara Ellia; Thwaites 959. India; Wight s.n. Nilgiri Mountains; Perrotet 1317, 1333. Kunur; Gamble s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 371 1019. Eulalia quadrinervis (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Pollinia quadrinervis Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 158–159. 1889. Type: China: Canton, Sampson s.n. Macao; Vachell s.n. Cap Syng Moon; Meyen s.n. Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8808. India: Sikkim, Rinchingpong; Anderson 1365. Pseudopogonatherum quadrinerve (Hack.) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 3. 1947 Pollinia villosa Munro ex Benth., Fl. Hongk. 420. 1861, nom. later hom. & illeg., non Spreng., 1824 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagpur, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1020. Eulalia shrirangii Salunkhe & Potdar, Kew Bull. 59(4): 625–627. f. 1. 2005 Type. India: Maharashtra, Satara District, Kas Plateau, alt. 4200 ft.; Salunkhe 8170 (CAL). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1021. Eulalia speciosa (Debeaux) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 var. speciosa Erianthus speciosus Debeaux, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 32: 53. 1878. Type: “Les hautes montagnes du Tché-foû, de 1000–1100 metres d’alt. dans les fissures des rochers, 1860”; Debeaux s.n. Pollinia speciosa (Debeaux) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 159. 1889 Distribution. Meghalaya [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1022. Eulalia speciosa (Debeaux) Kuntze var. velutina (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 157. 1960 Pollinia velutina Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 169. 1889. Type: India: Khasia, alt. 5000–6000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Eulalia velutina (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Distribution. Meghalaya. Habit. Perennial. 372 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1023. Eulalia staintonii Bor, Kew Bull. 1957: 411–412. 1958 Type. Nepal: Kali Gandaki, alt. 9000 ft.; September 18, 1954; Stainton, Sykes & Williams 7919 (BM). Distribution. Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 1024. Eulalia thwaitesii (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Pollinia thwaitesii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 163. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka: Newara Ellia; Thwaites 949. Distribution. Kerala [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990). 1025. Eulalia trispicata (Schult.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 453. 1940 Andropogon trispicatus Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 452. 1824, replaced synonym Andropogon tristachyos Roxb., 1820 Andropogon tristachyos Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 261. 1820, nom. illeg. hom., non Kunth, 1816. Type: India: “found on newly laid down pasture ground in the vicinity of Calcutta.” Erianthus hexastachyus Hochst., Verh. Nederl. Inst. III 4: 35. 1851. Type: India: “Prope Castellum Mulki in terra Canara detexit Metz.” Andropogon hexastachyus (Hochst.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 380. 1854 Eulalia argentea Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(2): 92. 1827. Type: “Amboine et Bourou, dans les Moluques.” Pollinia argentea (Brongn.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5, 2(1): 90. 1836. Type: “Amboina Molucc.” Eulalia tristachya Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 373 1026. Eulalia villosa (Spreng.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. III. 91. 1841 Pollinia villosa Spreng., Syst. Veg. [Sprengel] 1: 288. 1824 (“1825”). Replaced name. Andropogon villosus Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 20. 1794, nom. illeg. hom., non Lam. (1779). Type: South Africa: Hab. Bonae Spei Africaes, Thunberg s.n. Eulalia wightii (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 158. 1960 Pollinia quadrinervis Hack. var. wightii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 110. 1896. Type: India: Pulney Mountains; Wight 3390 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Eulaliopsis Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 124. 1923 Type. Eulaliopsis angustifolia Honda (Spodiopogon angustifolius Trin.). 1027. Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 33: sub t. 3262. 1935 Andropogon binatus Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 21. 1788 (“1789”) (as “binatum”). Type: “Tschandranconae lectum dedit amiciff. Koening.” India: Travancore; Koenig s.n. (LD). Pollinidium binatum (Retz.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 72. 1932 Andropogon involutus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854. Type: India; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8845) Andropogon notopogon Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854. Type: India; Royle s.n. Andropogon obvallatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854. Type: Philipines: Luzon, Pangasinan; H. Cuming 1002 Spodiopogon angustifolius Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 300. 1832. Type: Nepal Ischaemum angustifolium (Trin.) Hack., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1773. 1888 Pollinidium angustifolium (Trin.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1020. 1924 Eulaliopsis angustifolia (Trin.) Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 56. 1924 Eulaliopsis duthiei Sur, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72: 815. 1976. Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Ganga Valley, (Tehri-Garhwal); June 11, 1883; J.F. Duthie 14 (CAL). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 374 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Garnotia Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2 (pt. 10): 133. t. 21. 1832 Type. Garnotia stricta Brongn. 1028. Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 393. 1941 var. acutigluma Urachne acutigluma Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 121. 1854. Type: Java; 1851; Goering sect. II. nr. 141 (P-STEUD). (as “Japan” is given in Steudel) Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. All records for India fide Naithani (1990). 1029. Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwi var. longiseta (Hack.) V. Prakash & S.K. Jain, Fasc. Fl. India 3: 6. 1979 Garnotia stricta Brongn. var. longiseta Hack., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 15: 141. 1909. Type: Philippines: Luzon, Bataan, Mariveles, alt. 4000 ft.; December 12, 1908; E.D. Merrill s.n. (W). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya [also in Indonesia]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for India fide Naithani (1990). 1030. Garnotia arborum Stapf ex T. Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2(5): 1013. 1908 Type. India: Deccan, Western Ghats, Nandgaon; October 1, 1898; Woodrow 30 (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1031. Garnotia arundinacea Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 243. 1896 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills, alt. 2000–6000 ft.; Heyne s.n. Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 375 1032. Garnotia courtallensis (Arn. & Nees) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 363. 1864 Miquelia courtallensis Arn. & Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 179. 1843. Type: India: Courtallum; Wight cat. no. 2346 Berghausia courtallensis (Arn. & Nees) Endl. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 32. 1851 Garnotia longipila Santos, Nat. Appl. Sci. Bull. Univ. Philipp. 10: 119–120. 1950. Type: India: Madhras, Kodaikanal, Pulney (Palni); December 7, 1898; A.G. Bourne et uxoris num 1956 (US Nat. Herb.). Garnotia puchiparensis Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 2(4): 234–236. 1941. Type: India: Madras, Silent Valley, Puchipara rest house, alt. 3000 ft.; Bor 8443 (DD). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1033. Garnotia elata (Arn. ex Miq.) Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 86. 1921 Berghausia elata Arn. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 32. 1851. Type: India; Wight cat. no. 2600 Garnotia schmidii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 242. 1896. Type: India: Nilghiri Hills; Schmid s.n.(K). Gondaloor Ghat, alt. 4500 ft.; Lawson s.n. Garnotia tenuiglumis Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 242. 1896. Type: Western Peninsula; Wight Herb. no. 3247 Garnotia scoparia Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 242. 1896, non Thwaites, 1864 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Garnotia schmidii is treated as a separate species by T.S. Nayar et al.; but Gould (1972) places it here. 1034. Garnotia exaristata Gould, Kew Bull. 27(3): 558. 1972 Garnotia tectorum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 242. 1896, quoad descr. nom. illegit. Type: Sri Lanka: elevated parts of the Island; Gardner s.n. Garnotia mutica sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 568. 1960, non (Munro) Druce, 1916 Type. Sri Lanka: Horton Plains; May 10, 1970; Gould & Cooray 13777 (K). 376 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Kerala and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1035. Garnotia fergusonii Trimen, J. Bot. 27: 170. 1889 Type. Sri Lanka: Central Province, summit of Knuckles Mountains, alt. 6000 ft.; March, 1887; Ferguson s.n. (PDA). Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1036. Garnotia micrantha Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites) 363. 1864 Type. “Hab. Central Province, alt. 2000–4000 ft.” Sri Lanka; Thwaites CP 945 (PDA). Distribution. Kerala [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1037. Garnotia emodi (Arn. & Nees) Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 86. 1921 Miquelia emodi Arn. & Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. Suppl. 19(1): 178–179. 1843. Type: “In emodi iugo, Royle”; Royle 33 Berghausia emodi (Arn. & Nees) Endl. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 32. 1851. Type: “In Emodi jugo (Royle Herb. no. 33).” Garnotia polypogonoides Munro ex Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 15: 64. t. 1481. 1885. Type. East India, Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8884. “Sikkim and the north west Himalaya, also in Wight’s Herbarium unlocalised.” Distribution. Meghalaya, Sikkim [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1038. Garnotia scoparia Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 363. 1864 Garnotia thwaitesii Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 241. 1896, nom. superfl. & illeg. Type. Sri Lanka: Hotter parts of the Island; Munro Ceylon Plant 943 (PDA). Checklist of the grasses of India 377 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). 1039. Garnotia stricta Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(pt. 10): 133, t. 21. 1832 Berghausia pallens Arn. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 33. 1851. Type: India: Kerala, Quilon; Wight cat. no. 2598 Type. “Ile de taiti” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1040. Garnotia tenella (Arn. ex Miq.) Janowski, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 86. 1921 Berghausia tenella Arn. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 34. 1851. Type: India; Wight cat. no. 2599 Garnotia stricta sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 243. 1896, non Brongn., 1832 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Nepal and all records for India except Goa fide Naithani (1990). 1041. Garnotia variyamensis Sunil, Naveen Kum. & Sanilkum. in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 8(2): 517. 2014. Type. India: Kerala, Ernakulam district, Edamalayar Forest Range, Variyam, 794 m, 16 October 2013, Sunil & Naveen Kumar 6193 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. Germainia Balansa & Poitr, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 7: 344. 1873 Type. Germainia capitata Balansa & Poitr. 378 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1042. Germainia khasyana Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 50. 1891 Type. India: Khasya, Nartung, alt. 4000; C.B. Clarke 44830. Pooriung; C.B. Clarke 42558. Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya. Habit. Perennial. Glyphochloa Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 814. 1981 Type. Glyphochloa forficulata (C.E.C. Fisch.) Clayton (Manisuris forficulata C.E.C. Fisch.) 1043. Glyphochloa acuminata (Hack.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 var. acuminata Rottboellia acuminata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 291. 1889. Type: Maisur & Carnatic; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Manisuris acuminata (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 779. 1891 Peltophorus acuminatus (Hack.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 371. 1921 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1044. Glyphochloa acuminata (Hack.) Clayton var. stocksii (Hook. f.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 Rottboellia acuminata Hack. var. stocksii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 155. 1896. Type: India: Malwar; J.E. Stocks s.n. (K). Rottboellia acuminata Hack. var. stocksii (Hook. f.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 Manisuris acuminata (Hack.) Kuntze var. stocksii (Hook. f.) Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12(1–4): 9. 1972 (“1970”) Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 1045. Glyphochloa acuminata (Hack.) Clayton var. woodrowii (Bor) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 Manisuris acuminata (Hack.) Kuntze var. woodrowii Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 191. 1960. Type: India: Bombay; R.K. Bhide s.n.(K). Checklist of the grasses of India 379 Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1046. Glyphochloa divergens (Hack.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 var. divergens Rottboellia divergens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 292. 1889. Type: India: Hügel in h. Vindob. 3147 Manisuris divergens (Hack.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 779. 1891 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1047. Glyphochloa divergens (Hack.) Clayton var. hirsuta (C.E.C. Fisch.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 Manisuris forficulata C.E.C. Fisch. var. hirsuta C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 355. 1933. Type: India: Bababudan Hills, Kalhatti, alt. 6000 ft.; November; A. Meebold 10559 (K-Isotype). Manisuris divergens (Hack.) Kuntze var. hirsuta (C.E.C. Fisch.) Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12(1–4): 12. 1972 (“1970”) Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1048. Glyphochloa forficulata (C.E.C. Fisch.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 Manisuris forficulata C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 355. 1933 var. forficulata. Type: India: Bombay Presidency, Mahableshwar; J.C. Lisboa s.n. (K). Rottboellia divergens sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 155. 1896, non Hack., 1889 Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 380 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1049. Glyphochloa goaensis (R. S. Rao & Hemadri) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 Manisuris goaensis R. S. Rao & Hemadri, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10(1): 106. 1968. Type: India: Goa, rocky plateau near Verna village on Cortalim-Madgoa road; November 8, 1962; R.S. Rao 84474A (CAL.) Distribution. Goa, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1050. Glyphochloa maharashtraensis Potdar & S.R. Yadav, Kew Bull. 66(4): 625. 2012. var. maharashtraensis Type. India: Maharashtra, Kolhapur district, Udgiri, 906 m, 10 October 2007, Potdar 1880 (holotype: CAL; isotypes: BLAT, BSI, K, SUK). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual 1051. Glyphochloa maharashtraensis Potdar & S.R. Yadav var. hirsuta Potdar & S.R. Yadav, Kew Bull. 66(4): 628. 2012. Type. India; Maharashtra, Kolhapur district, Udgiri, 906 m, 10 October 2007, Potdar 1927 (holotype: CAL; isotypes: BLAT, K, SUK). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1052. Glyphochloa mysorensis (Jain & Hemadri) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 Manisuris mysorensis Jain & Hemadri, Bull. Bot. Surv. Inida 10: 280. 1969. Type: India: Mysore State, Castle Rock; October 25, 1902; G. A. Gammie 15643 (CAL). Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 381 1053. Glyphochloa ratnagirica (B. G. Kulk. & Hemadri) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35: 815. 1981 Manisuris ratnagirica B. G. Kulk. & Hemadri, Indian Forester 100(4): 250. 1974. Type: India: Maharashtra, Ratnagiri District, Ambolighat, alt. 2000 ft.; October 12, 1970; B.G. Kulkarni 121638A (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1054. Glyphochloa santapaui (Jain & Deshp.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 815. 1981 Manisuris santapaui Jain & Deshp., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10(3–4): 277. 1969 (“1968”). Type: India: Maharashtra State, Ratnagiri; September 15, 1961; C. Saldanha 7130A (CAL). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1055. Glyphochloa talbotii (Hook. f.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 816. 1981 Rottboellia talbotii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 155. 1896 (as “Talboti”). Type: India: Goa District; Talbot 2572 (K). Manisuris talbotii (Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 192. 1960 Peltophorus talbotii (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 371. 1921 (as “talboti”) Distribution. Goa, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1056. Glyphochloa veldkampii M.A.Fonseca & Janarth., Rheedea 13(1–2): 35 -38. f. 1. 2004 Type. India: Goa, Kasauli, along the Panaji-Belgaum highway in the outskirts of Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary, alt. 272 ft., 15° 21'N, 74°11'E; October 21, 2001; Janarthanam & Fonseca 1901 (CAL). Distribution. Goa. Habit. Annual. 382 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Hemarthria R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 207. 1810 Lectotype. Hemarthria compressa (L. f.) R. Br. (Rottboellia compressa L. f.). LT designated by Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 87. 30 1909; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 278. 1920. 1057. Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 109. 1934 Rottboellia altissima Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 105. 1789 (as “Rottboella”). Type: Algeria: Bastion; Poiret s.n. (P-LA). Manisuris altissima (Poir.) Hitchc., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24(7): 292. 1934 Rottboellia compressa L.f. var. fasciculata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 286. 1889 Rottboellia fasciculata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 204. 1792, nom. superfl. & illeg. for R. altissima Hemarthria fasciculata Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 153. 1829, nom. superfl. Distribution. Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1058. Hemarthria compressa (L.f.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 207. 1810 Rottboellia compressa L.f., Suppl. Pl. 114. 1782 (“1781”). Type: “Habitat in indiis” Neotype: Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8871-E (L). Neotype designated by E. van den Heuvel & J.F. Veldkamp in Blumea 45(2): 455. 2000. Hemarthria coromandelina Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 358. 1854. Type: Roxburgh., Pl. Coromandel 2: pl. 181 (1805). Epitype: Roxburgh s.n. (BM). Epitype designated by E. van den Heuvel & J.F. Veldkamp in Blumea 45(2): 469. 2000. Hemarthria laxa Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 358. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8871 (P). Rottboellia glabra Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 353. 1820. Type: India: Bengal, Pasture land; Roxburgh s.n. (BM). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Dehli, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 383 1059. Hemarthria hamiltoniana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 358. 1854 Rottboellia compressa L.f. var. hamiltoniana (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 288. 1889 Rottboellia protensa (Steud.) Hack. var. hamiltoniana (Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 154. 1896 Type. India: upper Gangetic Plains, Kathpur; Buchanan-Hamilton (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8870-C) (K). Distribution. Uttar Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. 1060. Hemarthria longiflora (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 379–380. 1922 Rottboellia longiflora Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 154. 1896. Lectotype: India: Tenasserim, Mergui; Griffith KD 1009 (K). LT designated by E. van den Heuvel & J.F. Veldkamp in Blumea 45(2): 459. 2000. Rottboellia tonkinensis A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 25: 369. 1919. Lectotype: Vietnam: Sontay; Balansa 1783 (P). LT designated by E. van den Heuvel & J.F. Veldkamp in Blumea 45(2): 459. 2000. Distribution. Assam [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1061. Hemarthria vaginata Buse, Pl. Jungh. 354. 1854 Hemarthria protensa Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 359. 1854. Type: India Orientalis; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8872). Manisuris protensa (Steud.) Hitchc., Brittonia 2(2): 127. 1936 Rottboellia protensa (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 289. 1889 Type. Indonesia: Java, Tijibogo; F.W. Junghuhn s.n. (L-903.342-454). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Meghalaya, Nagaland [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Hemisorghum C.E. Hubb., Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 686. 1960 Type. Hemisorghum mekongense (A. Camus) C.E. Hubb. (Sorghum mekongense A. Camus). 384 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1062. Hemisorghum venustum (Thwaites) Clayton, Kew Bull. 27(3): 448. 1972 Andropogon venustus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 367. 1864.Type: Sri Lanka: Central Province, Rambodde, alt. upto 4000 ft.; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 2875 (K) Bothriochloa venusta (Thwaites) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 76: 165. 1931 Capillipedium venustum (Thwaites) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 113. 1960 Vetiveria venusta (Thwaites) Willis, Revis. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 110. 1911 Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). Heteropogon Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 2: 533. 1807 Lectotype. Heteropogon glaber Pers., nom. illeg. (Andropogon allioni DC., Heteropogon allionii (DC.) Roem. & Schult.). LT designated by Nash in N. Amer. Fl. 17: 127. 1912; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 273. 1920. 1063. Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 836. 1817 Andropogon contortus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1045. 1753 (as “contortum”). Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype. “Gram. Secalinum, Indicum, spica gracili, tomentoso, aristis longioribus, ad se invicem intortis” in Plukenet, Phytographia, t. 191. f. 5. 1692. Voucher: Herb. Sloane 92: 78; 96: 69 (BM-SL). LT designated by Cope in Nasir & Ali (ed.), Fl. Pakistan 143: 312. 1982. Andropogon allionii Lam. ex DC., Fl. Franc. (DC. & Lamarck), ed. 3. 3: 97. 1805. Type: “Andropogon contortum All. Ped. n. 2277. t. 91. f. 4. excl. syn.” “Cette espèce croit sur les collines et les rochers, au-dessus du lac d’Ivrée et de la vallée de Suze (All.).” Heteropogon allionii (Lam. ex DC.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 835. 1817 Andropogon besukiensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854. Type: Indonesia: “Ad rupes montis Arak-Ak Prov. Besukie, Java”; Zollinger Herb. no. 2770 Heteropogon firmus J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 334. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Mexico.” Heteropogon hispidissimus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854. Type: Ethiopia: Tigray, Gafta; 18 September, 1838; G.H.W. Schimper 1219 (K). Andropogon polystachyos Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 265. 1820 Heteropogon polystachyos (Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 460. 1824 (as “polystachyus”) Heteropogon roxburghii Arn. ex Nees, Gramineae: 51. 1841. Checklist of the grasses of India 385 Heteropogon glaber Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 2: 533. 1807, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon allionii Heteropogon hirsutus P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 134. 1812, no reference to basionym and nom. nud. Andropogon bellardii Bubani, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 5: 317. 1873 (as “bellardi”), nom. superfl. & illeg. Heteropogon hirtus Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 2: 533. 1807, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon contortus Heteropogon hohenackeri Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 36. 1851, nom. nud. Type: India: Manglore; Metz Herb. no. 301 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1064. Heteropogon fischerianus Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 170–171. 1951 Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. var. distichus C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1743. 1934. Type: India: Anamallais, alt. 3500 ft.; Barber s.n. Kodaikanal, alt. 6000–7000 ft.; Bourne s.n. Type. India: Madras, Kodaikanal, Pulneys, Jesmond Hill; July 1, 1901; Ibid 2025 (K). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1065. Heteropogon melanocarpus (Elliot) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 71. 1881 Andropogon melanocarpus Elliot, Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 146. 1816. Type: USA: Georgia, in the pine barrens between Fort Barrington on the Altamaha and Jefferson on the Satilla; R. Habersham s.n. (CHARL). Cymbopogon melanocarpus (Elliot) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 289. 1824 (“1825”) Heteropogon acuminatus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 254. 1832. Type: Brazil Andropogon polystictus Hoschst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854. Type: Abyssinia [Ethiopia]; [Schimper] Hrbr. Abyss. 2012 Heteropogon polystictus (Hochst. ex Steud.) Hochst., Flora 39: 28. 1856 Heteropogon roylei Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854, nom. inval., pro. syn. of Andropogon segaenensis 386 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Annual. 1066. Heteropogon ritchiei (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 623. 1928 Andropogon ritchiei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 201. 1896. Type: India: Deccan, Belaum; Ritchie s.n. Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan. Habit. Annual. 1067. Heteropogon triticeus (R. Br.) Stapf ex Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 432. 1912 Andropogon triticeus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 201. 1810. Type: Australia: “Littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.” Andropogon ischyranthus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854. Type: Philippines; Cuming Herb. no. 1005 Andropogon lianatherus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java Andropogon segaenensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854. Type: India: “Heteropogon Roylei Nees mpt., Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8801” Heteropogon insignis Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 437. 1864. Type: Sri Lanka: Mahning-galla, Matelle East; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3804 Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Hyparrhenia Andersson ex E. Fournier, Mex. Pl. 2: 51, 67. 1886 Lectotype. Hyparrhenia foliosa (Kunth) E. Fournier (Anthistiria foliosa Kunth). LT designated by Clayton in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 2: 38. 1969. 1068. Hyparrhenia cymbaria (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 332. 1919 Andropogon cymbarius L., Mant. Pl. Altera 303. 1771 (as “cymbarium”). Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1211.6 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 2: 110. 1969. Checklist of the grasses of India 387 Distribution. Tamil Nadu [also in Africa]. Habit. Perennial. 1069. Hyparrhenia griffithii Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n. s. 1(3): 92. 1938 Andropogon filipendulus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 210. 1896, non Hochst. 1846, p.p. Andropogon finitimus sensu Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 637. 1889, non Hochst. ex A. Rich., 1851 Type. India: Assam, Khasi and Jaintia Hills; 1837; Griffith 6766 (K). Distribution. Meghalaya. [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1070. Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 315. 1919 Andropogon hirtus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1046. 1753 (as “hirtum”). Type: “Habitat in Lusitania, Sicilia, Smyrnae.” Lectotype: Herb. Burser I: 119 (UPS). LT designated by Clayton in Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 2: 75. 1969. Sorghum hirtum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 792. 1891 Trachypogon hirtus (L.) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 346. 1829 Cymbopogon hirtus (L.) Nees ex Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 212. 1907 Distribution. Northwest India [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not reported. 1071. Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 304. 1919 Trachypogon rufus Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 345. 1829. Type: Brasilia: “Habitat in campis agrestibus provinciae Piauhiensis”; Martius s.n. (M). Andropogon rufus (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 492. 1833. Cymbopogon rufus (Nees) Rendle, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2(1): 155. 1899 Sorghum rufum (Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 792. 1891 Distribution. India [China, Myanmar]. Naturalized and weedy; native to Africa. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not reported. 388 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Imperata Cirillo, Pl. Rar. Neapol. 2: 26. 1792 Type. Imperata arundinacea Cirillo, nom. illeg. (Lagurus cylindricus L., Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.). 1072. Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 165, 166. 1812 var. cylindrica Lagurus cylindricus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 878. 1759. Type: “Habitat [Monspelii, Creta, Smyrnae. D. Gerardus.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 120. 1762.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 96.2 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 700. 1982. Saccharum cylindricum (L.) Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1(2): 594. 1785 Saccharum laguroides Pourr., Mem. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 3: 326. 1788 Imperata arundinacea Cirillo, Pl. Rar. Neapol. 2: 26, t. 11. 1792. Type: “Habitat in collibus argillosis, perennis.” Imperata arundinacea Cirillo var. europaea sensu Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 37. 1898, non Andersson, 1855 Calamagrostis lagurus Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 112. 1802, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Lagurus cylindricus Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1073. Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. var. latifolia (Hook. f.) C.E. Hubb., Joint Publ. Imp. Agric. Bur. 7: 12. 1944 Imperata arundinacea Cirillo var. latifolia Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 106. 1896. Type: Tropical Himalaya from Kuman to Assam. Imperata latifolia (Hook. f.) L. Liou, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mountains 2: 2299. 1994 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 389 1074. Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. var. major (Nees) C.E. Hubb., Grasses Mauritius 96. 1940 Imperata koenigii (Retz.) P. Beauv. var. major Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 90. 1841. Type: “In valle prope Fakoskraal inter Omgaziana et Omsamwubo alt. 1500–2000 ft.; Drege s.n.” Imperata allang Jungh., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 295. 1840. Type: Indonesia: Java, Regio, alt. 3000 ft. Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. subvar. koenigii (Retz.) Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 694. 1894 Imperata koenigii (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 165, 177. 1812 Saccharum koenigii Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 16. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Misit honor. Konig ab amicissimo Thunberg accepi sub nomine Sacchari spicati ex Japonia, Konig s.n.” “Crescit in Insula Nipon ubique vulgate, locis humidis iuxta rivos et alibi.” Imperata filifolia Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 405. 1855. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8850-E as I. Koeniggi Imperata pedicellata Steud., Flora 29: 22. 1846. Type: “Ob flosculos omnes pedicellatos forsan novi generic typus, obstat vero habitus cum reliques speciebus omnino conformis.” Saccharum spicatum sensu Thunb., Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) 42. 1784, non L., 1753 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Ischaemum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753 Lectotype. Ischaemum muticum L. LT designated by Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 94. 30 Jun 1909; affirmed by M.L. Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 193. 1929. 1075. Ischaemum afrum (J.F. Gmel.) Dandy, Fl. Pl. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 3: 476. f. 120. 1956 Andropogon afer J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 166. 1791. Lectotype: dessins in Bruce, Travels 5: 47. 1790 Andropogon pilosus Klein ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 920. 1806. Type: “Habitat in India orientali Mysore.” Ischaemum pilosum (Klein ex Willd.) Wight, Madras Lit. Sci. J. 138. 1835 (also reprint p. 2, t. 2.) 390 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Andropogon pilifer Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854. Type: India; Heyne s.n. as A. pilosus (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8817) Spodiopogon pilosus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854, nom. inval., pro. syn. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1076. Ischaemum agastyamalayanum Sreek., Janarth. & A. N. Henry, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 84: 643. 1988 Type. India: Kerala, Trivandrum District, Western slopes of Agastyamalai, alt. 6000 ft.; October 6, 1973; J. Joseph 44634 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1077. Ischaemum barbatum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 6: 35. 1791 Ischaemum aristatum L. var. mangaluricum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 204. 1889. Type: Peninsular India: Mangalur; R.F. Hohenacker 184 Ischaemum mangaluricum (Hack.) Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1723. 1934 Ischaemum aristatum L. var. imbricatum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 203. 1889. Syntypes: India: Khasia Mountains, alt. 4000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Sri Lanka; Thwaites 2625 Ischaemum imbricatum (Hack.) Stapf ex Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 200. 1925 Ischaemum aristatum L. var. fallax Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 204. 1889. Syntypes: Peninsular India; Wight s.n. Jabalpur; Kuntze s.n. Sri Lanka; Wight 2553, Thwaites 700. Macassar; Wichura s.n. Ischaemum geniculatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 324. 1820. Type: India: Bengal Ischaemum goebelii Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 51: 149. 1901. Type: Sri Lanka: Colombo; Goebel s.n. Ischaemum aristatum sensu Hack., Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 211. 1900, non L., 1753 Ischaemum abrahamii Ravi, N. Mohanan & R. Rajesh, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. (Taipei) 42(3): 225. f. 2. 2001. Type: India, Kerala, Malappuram District, Manathumangalam, alt. 160 ft.; December 12, 1996; Ravi 33027 (TBGT). Ischaemum wayanadense Ravi, N. Mohanan & Shaju, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. (Taipei) 42(3): 223. f. 1. 2001. Type: India: Kerala, Wayand District, Kelloor, Thekkumpara, 2500 ft.; December 14, 1996; Ravi 33779 (TBGT). Checklist of the grasses of India 391 Type. “E Jaua accepi a pl. rev. D. Wennerbeg.” Indonesia: Java; Wennerberg s.n. Distribution. Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1078. Ischaemum bolei M.R. Almeida, Indian Forester 98(4): 236. f. 1–11. 1972 Type. India: Maharashtra, Ratnagiri District, Savantwadi; November 18, 1970; M.R. Almeida 1535 (BLAT). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1079. Ischaemum bombaiense Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49: 165. 1950 Type. India: Bombay, Khandala, Tata’s Lake; Blatter 9904 (K). Distribution. Maharashtra, Rajasthan. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990). 1080. Ischaemum calicutense Sreek., V.J. Nair, & N.C. Nair, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4(3): 1007–1009. f. 1–16. 1983 (as “calicutensis”) Type. India: Kerala, Calicut District, Pokkunnamalai, near Nanminda alt. 2800 ft.; October 29, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71803 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1081. Ischaemum cannanorense Sreek., V.J. Nair, & N.C. Nair, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4(3): 1009–1011. f. 1–18. 1983 (as “cannanorensis”) Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Paramba, on the way to Bendudka, alt. 500 ft.; October 16, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71713 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1082. Ischaemum ciliare Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 6: 36. 1791 Andropogon asthenos Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854 392 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Andropogon malacophyllus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 372. 1854. Type: India: Nilgiri Mountains; 1851; R.F. Hohenacker 917 (S-G400). Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. subvar. malacophyllum (Hochst. ex Steud.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 180. 1960 Ischaemum ciliare Retz. var. prorepens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 226. 1889. Type: cited many Syntypes Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. subvar. villosum (Nees) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 180. 1960 Spodiopogon villosus Hook & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 242. 1838. Type: “Hab. Prope Macao.” Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. subvar. scorbiculatum (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 180. 1960 Ischaemum ciliare Retz. var. scrobiculatum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 226. 1889 (as “subvar”) Ischaemum tenellum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 324–325. 1820. Type: Not given Spodiopogon obliquivalvis Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 185. 1843, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Ischaemum ciliare Retz. Spodiopogon scrobiculatus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854, nom. invalid., pro. syn. Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. var. wallichi (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 180. 1860 Ischaemum ciliare Retz. var. wallichii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 227. 1889. Type: [Bangladesh]: Silhet; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8860B Type. “E. China accepi.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Ischaemum ciliare Retz. is sometimes treated as a synonym of I. indicum (Houtt.) Merr. However, the type of I. indicum (Houtt.) Merr. is Polytrias indica, and thus the epithet indicum is misapplied to I. ciliare. 1083. Ischaemum commutatum Hack. ex Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 107. 1885. Ischaemum semisagittatum sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 365. 1864, non Roxb., 1820 Type. Sri Lanka; Thwaites 2625. Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 393 1084. Ischaemum copeanum Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 82: 390. f. 1. 1985 Ischaemum keralense Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 4e Ser. 7, 2: 135. t. 1. 1985 (as “keralensis”). Type: India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Cherkala, alt. 800 ft.; November 24, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71839 (CAL). Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Cherkala, alt. 800 ft.; November 24, 1981; V. Sreekumar 71838 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 1085. Ischaemum dalzellii Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 448. 1952 Ischaemum conjugatum sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 365. 1864, non Roxb, 1820 Ischaemum semisagittatum sensu Hook. f., Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 213. 1900, non Roxb., 1832 Type. India: Bombay, Yellapur, “roadsides in forest, common”; October 25, 1884; W.A. Talbot 738 (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1086. Ischaemum diplopogon Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 129. 1896 Type. India: Bombay, near Bhorkus; Woodrow s.n. (K). Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan. Habit. Annual. 1087. Ischaemum elimalayanum Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Fl. Kerala - Grasses 459, 134. t. 26. 1991 Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Elimala, 960 ft.; October 20, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71773 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 394 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1088. Ischaemum flumineum Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 572. 1950 Type. India: Bombay, Jog; April 28, 1939; N.L. Bor 11390 (K, DD). Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1089. Ischaemum heterotrichum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 220. 1889 Syntypes. Madagascar: Mayotte, Nosibe; Boivin s.n. Nicobares; Jelinek s.n. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands [China]. Habit. Perennial. 1090. Ischaemum hubbardii Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 98. 1938 Type. India: Assam, Khasi and Jaintia Hills, Cherrapungi Plateu, alt. 4000–5000 ft.; N.L. Bor s.n. (K?). Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Meghalaya fide Naithani (1990). 1091. Ischaemum huegelii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 252. 1889 Ischaemum inerme Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 448. 1952. Type: India: Bombay, Bandra; October 25, 1896; R.C. Wroughton s.n. (K). Type. India orientalis; Hügel 1658 (W). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1092. Ischaemum impressum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 210. 1889 Type. Asia; Hügel 4018. Distribution. Delhi, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 395 1093. Ischaemum jayachandranii R. Ansari, V.S. Ramach. & Sreek., Curr. Sci. 53(3): 151. 1984 Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Nileswar, alt. 500 ft.; January 29, 1979; V.J. Nair 59981 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1094. Ischaemum kingii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 129. 1896 Type. India: Bombay, Rajpootana, Mt. Aboo; King s.n. (K). Distribution. Maharashtra, Rajasthan. Habit. Annual. 1095. Ischaemum koenigii (Hook. f.) Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1719, 1722. 1934 Ischaemum aristatum L. ssp. koenigii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 127. 1896. Type: India: Precise locality unknown; J. Koenig s.n. Ischaemum fasciculatum Rottl. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 127. 1896, nom. nud., used as synonym Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1096. Ischaemum kumarakodiense Ravi, N. Mohanan & Kiran Raj, Rheedea 8(2): 150. 1998 (as “kumarakodiensis”) Type. India: Kerala, Alappuzha District, Pallana; December 29, 1996; TBG &RI 33084 (TBGT). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1097. Ischaemum lanatum Ravi, N. Mohanan & Shaju, Rheedea 10(2): 91. 2000 Type. India: Kerala, Kasaragode District, Hosdurg Taluk, Periya, alt. 160 ft.; November 29, 1999; Ravi 41535 (TBGT). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 396 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1098. Ischaemum lisboae Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 133. 1896 Ischaemum aristatum L. var. barberi C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 10(3): 1722. 1934. Type: India: Mangalore; Barber no. 4803 Type. India: North Canara; Lisboa s.n. Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1099. Ischaemum malabaricum Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Kew Bull. 39(4): 743. f. 1. 1984 Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Paramba, alt. 500 ft.; October 16, 1981; Sreekumar 71720 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 1100. Ischaemum molle Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 128. 1896 Syntypes. India: Concan; Dalzell s.n. Central Provinces, Chanda District; Duthie s.n. Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1101. Ischaemum muticum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753 var. muticum Andropogon polymorphus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854. Type: Java: “Ischaemum muticum Zolling Morit Verz. P. 99 no. 1216.” Andropogon relictus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 377. 1854. Type: Philippines Ischaemum repens Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 325. 1820. Type: “A native of Pulopenang.” Andropogon repens (Roxb.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 374. 1854 Ischaemum glabratum J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 328. 1830. Type: “Habitat in insulis Philippines.” Philippines; Haenke s.n. Andropogon muticus (L.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 374. 1854, non. L., 1763 Type. “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1214.1(LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 57. 1993. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 397 1102. Ischaemum nairii V.J. Nair & Sreek., J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5(5): 1205. f. 1. 1984 Type. India: Kerala, Calicut District, Kanjeerakadavu, near Kakkayam, alt. 3000; November 26, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71843 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1103. Ischaemum pappinisseriense Ravi, N. Mohanan & Kiran Raj, Rheedea 8(2): 155. 1998 (as “pappinisseriensis”) Type. India: Kerala, Kannuar District, Pappinisseri; December 12, 1996; Ravi TBG & RI 33707 (TBGT). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 1104. Ischaemum polystachyum J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 328. 1830 Ischaemum digitatum Brongn. var. polystachyum (J. Presl) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 233. 1889 Ischaemum digitatum Brongn., Voy. Monde 2(2): 70, pl. 13. 1831. Type: Moluccas, Buru. Ischaemum duthiei Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1950: 188. 1950. Type: India: Bihar, Neterhat, 3200 ft., along streams; October 19, 1918; H.H. Haines 5856 Ischaemum fasciculatum Brongn., Voy. Monde 2(2): 73. 1831 Ischaemum hirtum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 228. 1889. Type: India: Khasia Mountain, alt. 6000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson Spodiopogon no. 13 Ischaemum lacei Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1950: 187. 1950. Type: Burma: Amherst, Daiona Range, Muleyit Peak, alt. 6400 ft.; January 27, 1912; J.A. Lace 5627 (K). Ischaemum nilagiricum Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 51: 150. 1901. Type: India: Nilgherries Mountains ad Canoor, 5500 ft.; March 13, 1870; Clarke 10791 Ischaemum hirtum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 135. 1896, non Hack., 1889 Type. Mariana Islands, Haenke s.n. Distribution. Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal fide Naithani (1990). 398 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1105. Ischaemum pushpangadanii Ravi, N. Mohanan & Kiran Raj, Rheedea 10(1): 49. f. 1. 2000 Ischaemum glabriglaucum Sunil, Candollea 60(2): 387–391. f. 1–2. 2005. Type: India: Kerala, Trichur District, Vazhachal, 1000 ft.; October 4, 1999; Sunil 2235 (K). Type. India: Kerala, Kozhikode District, Koilandy Taluk, Kakkayam Hills, 1400 ft.; October 26, 1999; Ravi 41460 (TBGT). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 1106. Ischaemum quilonense Ravi & Shaju, Rheedea 8(2): 152. 1998 (as “quilonensis”) Type. India: Kerala, Kollam District, Perumkulam Ela near Kollam Town; October 27, 1996; Ravi TBG& RI 24098 (TBGT). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1107. Ischaemum raizadae Hemadri & Billore, Indian Forester 96(4): 318. 1970 Ischaemum borii M.R. Almeida, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 66: 513. f. 1. 1970. Type: India: Maharashtra, Ratnagiri, Savantwadi, Amboli; December 24, 1968; M. R. Almeida 895 (BLAT). Type. India: Maharashtra, Thana District, Harishchandragarh, Sadrya ghat; November 16, 1968; K.V. Billore 115450A (CAL). Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). It is unclear whether these two species are distinct or not. Clayton et al. (2006 onwards) recognize I. borii but not I raizadae. 1108. Ischaemum rangacharianum C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 352. 1933 Ischaemum fischeri Ravi & Kiran Raj, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. (Taipei) 42(3): 227. 2001. Type: India: Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram District, Palode-TBGRI campus, 500 ft.; February 12, 1998; Ravi 36706 (TBGT). Ischaemum aristatum sensu Ranga, Handb. S. Ind. Grasses 151. 1921, non L., 1753 Checklist of the grasses of India 399 Type. India: Malabar District, Shoranur; November; K. Ranga Achariyar s.n. (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Kerala and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1109. Ischaemum raui Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Fl. Ind. ser. 2., Grasses: 459, 157. 1991 Type. India: Kerala, Cannanore District, Muguroad, alt. 500 ft.; October 17, 1981; P.V. Sreekumar 71747 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 1110. Ischaemum ritchiei Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 449. 1952 Type. India: Bombay, Kanara; Ritchie s.n. (fide Munro) (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). 1111. Ischaemum rugosum Salisb., Icon. Stirp. Rar. 1, t. 1. 1791 var. rugosum Meoschium rugosum (Salisb.) Arn. & Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 200. 1843 Meoschium griffithii Nees & Arn., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1: 284. 1838. Type: India: Madras; Griffith s.n. Andropogon griffithsiae (Nees ex Arn.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854 Andropogon tong-dong Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854. Syntypes: Nepal, India: Silhet; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8864, F.H.J. Tong-Dong. Wall. Ind. Burm. no. 1013 Colladoa distachia Cav., Icon. (Cavanilles) 5(1): 37, t. 460. 1799. Type: “Habitat in humidis memoratae insulae Mindanao prope Samboangan. Vidi siccam in dicto herbario.” Meoschium arnottianum Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 198. 1843. Type: “Peninsula Indiae orientalis, ad Madras, Mrs Griffiths in Herb. Lindl.” Wight Cat. no. 1720 Andropogon arnottianus (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854 Meoschium wightianum Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 199. 1843, nom. invalid, cited as synonym of Meoschium elegans 400 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Ischaemum colladoa Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 298. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Colladoa distachya Cav. Andropogon segetum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854 Ischaemum segetum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 294. 1832, nom. superfl. and illeg.? Type: Philippines: Manila Meoschium royleanum Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854, nom. inval., pro. syn. Type. “Sponte nascentem in Orissa ad margines agrorum oryzaceorum”, India: Orissa, J. Koenig s.n. (BM). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1112. Ischaemum santapaui Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49: 167. 1950 Type. India: Bombay Presidency, Karjat; December 11, 1949; H. Santapau 9665 (K). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1113. Ischaemum sayajiraoi Raole & R.J. Desai, Kew Bull. 66(2): 303–306, f. 1. 2011 Type. India: Gujarat, Vadodara district, Bacrol, 3 October 2008, R. J. Desai 32 (holotype BARO; isotype: K). Distribution. Gujarat. Habit. Annual. 1114. Ischaemum semisagittatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 322– 323. 1820 Andropogon semisagittatus (Roxb.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854 Meoschium semisagittatum (Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 435. 1824 Spodiopogon semisagittatus (Roxb.) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutta 706. 1845 Andropogon cordatifolius Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854 Ischaemum conjugatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 323. 1820 (as “conjugatam”). Type: India: “A native of pasture land in the vicinity of Calcutta.” Spodiopogon conjugatus (Roxb.) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutta 706. 1845 Checklist of the grasses of India 401 Type. India: “A native of newly formed pasture land in Bengal.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1115. Ischaemum sreenarayanii Sunil, Nithya & Remya Kr., Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 24(1): 33. 2017 Type. India: Kerala, Thrissur district, Kombazha, 11 m, 8 December 2015, Sunil & Nithya 9007 (holotype: MH; isotype: CALI, SNMH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1116. Ischaemum tadulingamii N.C. Nair & Sreek., Blumea 30(2): 385. f. 1. 1985 Type. India: Kerala State, Idukki District, Eravikulam National Park, alt. 7000 ft.; April 7, 1980; Sreekumar 71863 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual or Perennial. 1117. Ischaemum thomsonianum Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1722. 1934 Ischaemum murinum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 135. 1896, non G. Forst., 1786 Type. India: Mysoore or the Carnatic; Thomson s.n. Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. 1118. Ischaemum timorense Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 369. t. 98. 1830 var. timorense Andropogon timorensis (Kunth) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854 Andropogon blumii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854. Type: Java, Ceylon, Burma: Martaban; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8863 Spodiopogon blumii Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 373. 1854, nom. invalid, as syn. of Andropogon blumii Nees; mpt. sub: Spodiopogon. Type. “Crescit in insula Timor.” 402 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1119. Ischaemum timorense Kunth var. zeylanicum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 230. 1889 Ischaemum zeylanicola Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 186. 1960 Type. Sri Lanka; Thwaites 3168. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1120. Ischaemum travancorense Stapf ex C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 353. 1933 Ischaemum aristatum L. ssp. rottleri Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 127. 1896. Type: India: Deccan; Rottler s.n. Type. India: Bababudan Hills; April; Sir A. G. and Lady Bourne s.n. (K). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. 1121. Ischaemum tumidum Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 450. 1952 Type. India: Madras, Concan; Stocks s.n. (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. All records for India except for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). 1122. Ischaemum vembanadense Patil & D’Cruz, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 70: 324. f. 1–8. 1974 Type. India: Kerala, Allepy backwaters; January 10, 1970; Patil s.n. (BSI). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 403 1123. Ischaemum yadavii Gad & Janarth., Kew Bull. 62(3): 499–501. f. 1. 2007 Type. India: Goa, Surla, Lateritic rocky plateau, 15°40'03"N, 74°10'28"E, alt. 2600 ft.; October 2, 2005; Harshala Gad & M.K. Janarthanam 240 (CAL). Distribution. Goa. Habit. Annual. Iseilema Andersson, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 250. 1856 Type. Iseilema prostratum (L.) Andersson (Andropogon prostratus L. (as “prostratum”)). 1124. Iseilema anthephoroides Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 683. 1889 Type. India orientalis. Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8767 A. Peninsula; Wight. 2335 “leg. ?: via in h. Nees, ad Appiahpilly in ditione Cuddapah”. “d na Stead in h. m., pr. Scholapur.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand. Habit. Annual. 1125. Iseilema hackelii U. B. Shrestha & Gandhi, Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(2): 296. 2008 Iseilema laxum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 682. 1889, nom. illeg. later homonym non I. laxum Hack. ex Duthie, 1888 Iseilema laxum Hack. ex Duthie, Fodder Grasses North. India 43. 1888, p.p. Type: Protologue. Iseilema jainiana P. Umam. & P. Daniel, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 98(3): 425. 2001. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Tuticorin District, Gulf of Mannar coast, KanyakumariThiruchendur highway, between Karaichuthu and Padakkapathu diversion, c. 130 ft.; January 26, 1996; P. Daniel; P. Umamaheswari 107240 (CAL). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 404 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1126. Iseilema holei Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1055. 1924 Type. India: Palaman, in moist ground forest; Haines s.n. Distribution. Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. All records for India fide Naithani (1990). 1127. Iseilema hubbardii Uppuluri, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 65: 665. 1969 Type. India. University campus of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. 22 November, 1966, Murty field number IAU 3. LT U. Satyavathi – IAU 3, designated by Drisya, V. & A. K. Pradeep. Phytotaxa 424(1): 56–60. 2019. Distribution. Madhya Pradesh. Habit. Annual. 1128. Iseilema prostratum (L.) Andersson, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 251. 1856 (as “prostrata”) Andropogon prostratus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 304. 1771 (as “prostratum”). Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1211.8 (LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 246. 2000. Anthistiria prostrata (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 901. 1806 Anthistiria wightii Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 400. 1855. Type: India Orientalis; Wight in Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8870 Iseilema wightii (Nees) Andersson, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 251. 1856 Cymbopogon glandulosus Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 14. 1815, nom superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon prostratus L. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1129. Iseilema venkateswarlui Satyavathi, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 65: 666–667. 1969 Type. India: Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, Lam Farm; September 26, 1966; Satyavathi s.n. (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 405 Lasiurus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2. 4(4): 145. 1859 Type. Lasiurus hirsutus Boiss., nom. illeg. (Rottboellia hirsuta Vahl, nom. illeg.; Triticum aegilopoides Forssk.). 1130. Lasiurus scindicus Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 514. 1941 Lasiurus ecaudatus Satyanar. & Shank., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 60: 763–764. 1964. Type: India: Rajastan, Jodhpur, C.R. Farm, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, alt. 800 ft.; January 7, 1962; Y. Satyanarayan & K.A. Shankarnarayan 719 (BSJO). Elionurus hirsutus Munro, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 68. 1881, p.p. Lasiurus hirsutus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3(4): 146. 1859, p.p. Rottboellia hirsuta Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 1: 11. 1790, p.p. Type. “India: Scind, leg Stocks. Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. fil. et Thomson. Typus in H. L. B. sub no. 908, 87–853.” Distribution. Gujarat, Rajasthan [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Leptatherum Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1: 92. 1841 Type. Leptatherum royleanum Nees. 1131. Leptatherum nudum (Trin.) C.Hui Chen, Kuoh & Veldkamp, Blumea 54(1–3): 179. 2009 Pollinia nuda Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 307. 1832. Type: Nepal; Wallich s.n. in Herb. Hornem. (LE). Microstegium nudum (Trin.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 201. 1921 Eulalia nuda (Trin.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Leptatherum japonicum Franch. & Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 190. 1877. Type: Japan: circa Yokoska, in locis humidis, in orizariis; Savatier 1507, 2557 Pollinia japonica Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 290. 1866. Type: Japan (“Nippon?”); Keiske s.n. (L). Leptatherum royleanum Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 92–93. 1841 Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 406 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Lophopogon Hack., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 2(2): 26. 1887 Type. Lophopogon tridentatus (Roxb.) Hack. (Andropogon tridentatus Roxb.). 1132. Lophopogon kingii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 149. 1896 Type. India: Bihar, Monghir; Mokim 1408. Distribution. Bihar. Habit. Perennial. 1133. Lophopogon tridentatus (Roxb.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 254. 1889 Andropogon tridentatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 261. 1820. Type: India: Native of Coromandel; Roxburgh s.n. Apocopis tridentata (Roxb.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 67. 1881 Saccharum tridentatum (Roxb.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 283. 1824 (“1825”) Lophopogon duthiei Stapf ex Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 689. 1960. Type: India orientalis: Madhya Pradesh; J.F. Duthie 8490 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual or perennial. Manisuris L., Mant. Pl. Altera 164, 300. 1771 Type. Manisuris myurus L. 1134. Manisuris myurus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 300. 1771 Rottboellia myurus (L.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 68. [indirect reference to Linnaean name] Peltophorus myurus (L.) Desv., Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 188. 1810 Type. “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1215.2 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 252. 2000. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Manipur, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 407 Remarks. Although Manisuris L. is rejected against Rottboellia L.f. (1782), recent studies recognize them as distinct genera. Microstegium Nees, Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2 447. 1836 Type. Microstegium willdenovianum Nees. 1135. Microstegium borianum Sur, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79: 652. f. 1. 1983 (“1982”) Type. India. Distribution. Meghalaya. Habit. Perennial. 1136. Microstegium ciliatum (Trin.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 201. 1921. Pollinia ciliata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 306. 1832. Type: Nepal; Wallich ex hb. Hornem. (LE). Eulalia ciliata (Trin.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Andropogon biaristatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 379. 1854. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8823 Microstegium biaristatum (Steud.) Keng, Sinensia 3(3): 92. 1932 Pollinia monantha Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8819 as “Andropogon” Eulalia monantha (Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Microstegium monanthum (Nees) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 200. 1921 Pollinia ciliata Trin. var. seminuda Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 177. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites 411 Pollinia lancea Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8815-B, Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8831 Pollinia laxa Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8823 as “Andropogon” Pollinia wallichiana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: India: Sylhet; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8822 as “Andropogon” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sik- 408 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) kim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1137. Microstegium eucnemis (Nees) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 200. 1921. Pollinia eucnemis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 409. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8812 as “Andropogon” Eulalia eucnemis (Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Coelarthron brandisii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 164. 1896. Type: Burma: high ground, generally with teak; 1883; Brandis s.n. (K). Microstegium brandisii (Hook. f.) D. Rhind, Grass. Burma 62. 1945 Distribution. Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1138. Microstegium falconeri (Hook. f.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 816. 1981 Ischnochloa falconeri Hook. f., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2466. 1896. Type: India: NorthWestern Himalaya, growing amongst moss; Falconer s.n. (K). Distribution. India (North western Himalaya). Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India not reported. 1139. Microstegium fasciculatum (L.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 453. 1940 Andropogon fasciculatus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1047. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Indiis.”, Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1211.27, lower central specimen (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 245. 2000. Original designation by Henrard in Blumea 3: 454. 1940 Tripsacum fasciculatum (L.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 306. 1825 Pollinia vagans Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8807-B Microstegium vagans (Nees) A.Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 200. 1921 Eulalia vagans (Nees) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Pollinia grata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 175. 1889. Syntypes: India: Bengal, Silligori; O. Kuntze s.n. Sikkim, alt. 4500–6000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. Java; Hoffmannsegg s.n. (B) and many syntypes. Checklist of the grasses of India 409 Microstegium gratum (Hack.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 201. 1921 Pollinia montana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 409. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java, Mountains; Junghuhn s.n. Ephebopogon gratus Nees & Mey. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 556. 1840, nom. nud. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1140. Microstegium petiolare (Trin.) Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 87. 1938 Spodiopogon petiolaris Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 301–302. 1832. Type: Nepal; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8807) Andropogon petiolaris (Trin.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 398. 1854 Ischaemum petiolare (Trin.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 238. 1889 Pollinia lehmannii Arn. & Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19 (1): 186. 1843 (as “lehmanni”). Type: Not given. Spodiopogon lehmannii (Arn. & Nees) Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 91. 1868 (as “lehmanni”) Distribution. Assam, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya [China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1141. Microstegium reticulatum B. S. Sun ex H. Peng & X. Yang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 34(2): 213–215, pl. 1. 1996 Distribution. North East India [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India not reported. 1142. Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, ser. 2. 68: 201. 1921. Andropogon vimineus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 268. 1832. Type: Nepal; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8838 (LE). Eulalia viminea (Trin.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891 Pollinia viminea (Trin.) Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 1: 35. 1923 (“1922”) 410 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Pollinia imberbis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 410. 1854. Type: Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8832 as “Bathratherum” Microstegium willdenovianum Nees in Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2 447. 1836. Type: Nepal; Herb. Willd. Pollinia willdenoviana (Nees) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 67. 1881 (as “willdenowianum”) Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. Miscanthus Andersson, Öfvers. Förh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 12: 165. 1855 Lectotype. Miscanthus japonicus (Trin.) Andersson (Eulalia japonica Trin.). Designated by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 254. 1920. 1143. Miscanthus fuscus (Roxb.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 65. 1881 Sclerostachya fusca (Roxb.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 243. 1922 Saccharum fuscum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 241. 1920. Type: “A native of damp places over Bengal.” Eriochrysis fusca (Roxb.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 2: 315. 1832 Eriochrysis attenuata Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 411. 1854 Sclerostachya milroyi Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n. s. 1(3): 85. 1938. Type: India: Assam, Sibsagar; N.L. Bor s.n. Distribution. Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1144. Miscanthus nepalensis (Trin.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 104. 1889 Eulalia nepalensis Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 333. 1832. Type: Nepal. Checklist of the grasses of India 411 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1145. Miscanthus nudipes (Griseb.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 109. 1889 Erianthus nudipes Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 92. 1868. Type: Himalaya occidentalis: Sikkim, alt. 9000–12000 ft.; J.D. Hooker & Thomson Erianthus no. 10. Miscanthus taylorii Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 273–274. 1953. Type: China: Xizang, Kongbo Province, Trim La, Mayër, 12200 ft.; July 9, 1938; Ludlow, Sherriff & Taylor 5799 (BM). Diandranthus taylorii (Bor) L. Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(2): 14. 1997 Distribution. Assam, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1146. Miscanthus wardii Bor, Kew Bull. 1953: 273. 1953 Type. India: Assam, Di Chu Gorge, Lohit Valley; April 12, 1950; F. Kingdon-Ward 19328 (K). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh (Naithani), Assam. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Arunachal Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). Mnesithea Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 153. 1829 Type. Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth (Rottboellia laevis Retz.). 1147. Mnesithea clarkei (Hack.) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31(2): 290. 1986 Rottboellia clarkei Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 8. 1891. Type: India: Chota Nagpur, Parasnath, alt. 2000 ft.; C.B. Clarke 21075 (W). Coelorachis clarkei (Hack.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 33. 1927 (as “Coelorrhachis”) Rottboellia gibbosa Hack. ex Lisboa, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 6: 194. 1891. Type: India: Kanara; 1890; Talbot s.n. Manisuris clarkei (Hack.) Bor, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 16: 357. 1953 412 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha,Tamil Nadu, West Bengal. Habit. Annual. 1148. Mnesithea glandulosa (Trin.) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31(2): 290. 1986 Rottboellia glandulosa Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(4): 250. 1832. Type: Java; Trinius s.n. (LE-TRIN-0113.01). Manisuris glandulosa (Trin.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 780. 1891 Coelorachis glandulosa (Trin.) Stapf ex Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 204. 1925 Ophiuros muricatulus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 360. 1855. Type: Java: “In humidis Tjikoya”; Zollinger s.n. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Andaman and Nicobar Islands fide Naithani (1990). 1149. Mnesithea granularis (L.) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31(2): 295. 1986 Cenchrus granularis L., Mant. Pl. Altera 575. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1217.12 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Renvoize in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 3: 849. 1982. Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 776. 1891 Manisuris granularis (L.) Naezén, Nov. Gram. Gen. 37. 1779 Rytilix granularis (L.) Skeels, U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 282: 20. 1913 Manisuris porifera Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 48. 1891. Type: India: Sikkim, Darjeeling, alt. 3000 ft.; October 22, 1869; C.B. Clarke 9752B (W). Hackelochloa porifera (Hack.) D. Rhind, Grass. Burma 77. 1945 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1150. Mnesithea khasiana (Hack.) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31: 291. 1986 Rottboellia striata Nees ssp. khasiana Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 302. 1889. Syntypes: India: Assam, Khasia; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Buleschwar; O. Kuntze s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 413 Coelorachis khasiana (Hack.) Stapf ex Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n.s. 1(3): 101. 1938 Distribution. Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1151. Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 154. 1829 var. laevis Rottboellia laevis Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 11. 1783 (as “laeuis”). Type: “Misit e Tranquebaria Cl. Koening.” Ophiuros laevis (Retz.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 69. 1881 (as “Ophiurus”) Thyridostachyum laeve (Retz.) Nees, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 685. 1841 Diperium cylindricum Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 76. t. 6. f. 3. 1831. Type: “Ex indiae orientali?” Rottboellia perforata Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2: 43. t. 182. 1798. Type: India: grows on pasture ground; Roxburgh s.n. (BM). Ophiuros perforatus (Roxb.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 246. 1832 (as “Ophiurus”) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1152. Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth var. cochinchinensis (Lour.) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31(2): 286. 1986 Phleum cochinchinense Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 48. 1790. Type: “Habitat spontaneum in Cochinchina.” Vietnam; Loureiro s.n. (BM). Heteropholis cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 816. 1981 Thaumastochloa cochinchinensis (Lour.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 33133314. 1936 Ophiuros monostachyus J. Presl in C.B. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 330. 1830 (as “Ophiurus”). Type: “Habitat in Luzonia.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar (Naithani), Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [also in Indonesia]. Habit. Perennial. 414 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1153. Mnesithea striata (Nees) de Koning & Sosef, Blumea 31(2): 292. 1986 var. striata Rottboellia striata Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 361. 1854. Lectotye: Burma: Tavoy; October, 1827; Gomez (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8877-C). LT designated by de Koning & Sosef in Blumea 31(2): 292. 1986. Coelorachis striata (Nees) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 68: 197. 1921 Distribution. Meghalaya, Manipur, Sikkim [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1154. Mnesithea striata (Nees) de Koning & Sosef var. pubescens (Hack.) S.M. Phillips & S.L. Chen, Novon 15 (3): 470. 2005. Rottboellia striata Nees var. pubescens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 302. 1889. Type: India: Khasia Mountains; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. Coelorachis striata (Nees) A. Camus var. pubescens (Hack.) Henrard, Blumea 4(3): 519. 1941 Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Bangladesh]. Habit. Perennial. 1155. Mnesithea veldkampii Potdar, S.P. Gaikwad, Salunkhe & S.R. Yadav, Kew Bull. 59(4): 629–631. f. 1. 2005 Type. India: Maharashtra, Satara District, Mawashi Plateau; November 6, 2002; Yadav 1466 (CAL). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. Ophiuros C.F. Gaertn., Suppl. Carp. 3. 1805 Lectotype. Ophiuros corymbosus C. F. Gaertn. (“corymbosa”), nom. illeg. (Aegilops exaltata L., Ophiuros exaltatus (L.) Kuntze) Probably designated by Clayton cf., Revis. Handb. Fl. Ceylon [Dassanayake] 2: 321. 1994. 1156. Ophiuros bombaiensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 167–168. 1951 Type. India: Madras, Talyuppa Mysore, 2000–3200 ft.; October, 1998; A. Meebold 10764 (K). Checklist of the grasses of India 415 Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 1157. Ophiuros exaltatus (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 780. 1891 Aegilops exaltata L., Mant. Pl. Altera 575. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Malabaria ad fossas agrorum.” Neotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1218.15 (LINN). LT designated by Simon in Taxon 31: 564. 1982. Ophiuros corymbosus C.F. Gaertn., Suppl. Carp. 4. 1805 (“corymbosa”), nom. illeg. Rottboellia corymbosa L. f., nom. illeg. superfl. for Aegilops exaltata L. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1158. Ophiuros megaphyllus Stapf ex Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1058. 1924 Ophiuros corymbosus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 160. 1896, p.p., non (L. f.) C. F. Gaertn., 1805 Type. India: in marshy places Tarai and Duars, probably in Purneah; Haines s.n. Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, West Bengal [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Meghalaya and Nagaland fide Naithani. Parahyparrhenia A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Ser. 2, 22: 404. 1950 Type. Parahyparrhenia jaergeriana A. Camus. 1159. Parahyparrhenia bellariensis (Hack.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 27(3): 448. 1972 Andropogon bellariensis Hack., Flora 68: 123. 1885. Type: India: Anantapur District, on Gooty Fort Hill, Bellari; Wight 2321 (K). Heteropogon bellariensis (Hack.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1744. 1934 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka. Habit. Perennial. 416 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Phacelurus Griseb. Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2(5/6): 423. 1846 Type. Phacelurus digitatus (Sm.) Griseb. (Rottboellia digitata Sm.). 1160. Phacelurus speciosus (Steud.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 35. 1928 Andropogon speciosus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle Herb. no. 263 (B). Pseudophacelurus speciosus (Steud.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 27: 370. 1921 Rottboellia speciosa (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 282. 1889 Vossia speciosa (Steud.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 70. 1881 [combination is not made here] Andropogon corollatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle Herb. no. 264 Ischaemum corollatum (Steud.) Will. Watson, Bot. Himalayan Distr. N. W. Prov. 392. 1882 Ischaemum robustum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 139. 1896. Type: Northwest Himalaya: Pauni, Bursahi, alt. 7000 ft.; Brandeis s.n. Ischaemum speciosum Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854, nom. inval., as “A. Speciosus Nees (mpt. sub. Ischaemum).” Distribution. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1161. Phacelurus zea (C.B. Clarke) Clayton, Kew Bull. 33(2): 177. 1978 Rottboellia zea C.B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 86–87. t. 35. 1889. Type: India: Muneypore; C.B. Clarke 41980 (K). Thyrsia zea (C.B. Clarke) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 31: sub t. 3078. 1922 Distribution. Manipur, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Pogonachne Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 176. 1949 Type. Pogonachne racemosa Bor. Checklist of the grasses of India 417 1162. Pogonachne racemosa Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 176. 1949 Type. India: Matheran, Western Ghats; October 25, 1896; Woodrow s.n. (K). Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Pogonatherum P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 56, 176. 1812 Type. Pogonatherum saccharoideum P. Beauv., nom. illeg. (Saccharum paniceum Lam., Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack.). 1163. Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 478. 1833 Andropogon crinitus Thunb., Fl. Jap. (Thunberg) 40. t. 7. 1784 (as “crinitum”). Type: Japan Homoplitis crinita (Thunb.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 166. 1820 Ischaemum crinitum (Thunb.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 298. 1832 Andropogon monandrus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 264. 1820. Type: India: “A native of Mountainous countries.” Pollinia monandra Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 288. 1824 (“1825”). Type: India orientalis Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1164. Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 178. 1906 Saccharum paniceum Lam., Encycl. (Lamarck) 1: 595. 40. f. 1. 1785. Type: “Cette plante croit dans les Indes orientales, & nous a été communiqué par M. Sonnerat.” East Indies; Sonerat s.n.(P). Pogonatherum santapaui Sur, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 73(1): 190. 1976. Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Garhwal, alt. 2300 ft.; February 26, 1960; J.N. Vohra 11248 Pogonatherum polystachyum Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 497. 1817, nom. illeg. & superfl. for Saccharum paniceum Pollinia polystachys Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 288. 1825 nom. illeg. & superfl. for Saccharum paniceum 418 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Perotis polystachya Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 324. 1797, nom. illeg. & superfl. for S. paniceum Pogonatherum saccharoideum P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 176, 177. 1812, nom. illeg. & superfl. for Saccharum paniceum Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1165. Pogonatherum rufobarbatum Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 81. 1851 Type. India: Assam, in aquois, Moosmai; October 18, 1835; It. Ass. 159. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal. Habit. Perennial. Polytrias Hack. (1887), in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2(2): 24. 1887 Type. Polytrias praemorsa (Nees) Hack. (Pollinia praemorsa Nees). 1166. Polytrias indica (Houtt.) Veldkamp, Blumea 36(1): 180–181. 1991. Phleum indicum Houtt., Nat. Hist. 2(13): Aanwyz. Plaat. [1], 198, pl. 90, f. 2. 1782. (13 May 1782). Type: Koenig s.n., Indonesia, Java Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 19(4): 320. 1938 var. indicum Andropogon diversiflorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(4–5): 370. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java; “Andropogon ? no. 539, p. 99, Zoll. Moritz.” Eulalia amaura Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 2. 1947, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon diversiflorus Polytrias amaura Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 788. 1891, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon diversiflorus Andropogon amaurus Buse, Pl. Jungh. 360. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon diversiflorus. Type: Indonesia: Java; Zollinger 539 Herb. Acad. L. Bata. Distribution. West Bengal [also in Indonesia]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 419 Remarks. Record for West Bengal fide Naithani (1990). Pseudanthistiria (Hack.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7 (pt. 21): 219. 1896 Andropogon sect. Pseudanthistiria Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 400. 1889. Lectotype. Pseudanthistiria heteroclita (Roxb.) Hook. f. (Anthistiria heteroclita Roxb.). LT designated by B.P. Uniyal in Taxon 33: 501. 1984. 1167. Pseudanthistiria burmanica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 220. 1896 Type. Burma: Pegu; Kurz s.n. Distribution. Kerala [Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. 1168. Pseudanthistiria heteroclita (Roxb.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 219. 1896 Anthistiria heteroclita Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 253–254. 1820. Type: India: “A native of newly made pasture land in the vicinity of Calcutta.” Andropogon heteroclitus (Roxb.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 115. 1841 Pseudanthistiria hispida Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 219. 1896. Syntypes: India: the Concan; J.E. Stocks s.n., J.S. Law s.n., Dalzell s.n. Central province, Khandwa; Duthie s.n. Pseudanthistiria intermedia Birari & D’cruz, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 73: 192. f. 1–5. 1976. Type: India: Maharashtra, Khandesh, Satpura Range; November 17, 1968; S.R. Birari I-681BC (AHMA). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman & Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal. Habit. Annual. 1169. Pseudanthistiria umbellata (Hack.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 220. 1896 Andropogon umbellatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 401. 1889. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites 963 (W). 420 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Pseudodichanthium Bor, Indian Forester 66: 271. 1940 Type. Pseudodichanthium serrafalcoides (Cooke & Stapf ) Bor (Andropogon serrafalcoides Cooke & Stapf ). 1170. Pseudodichanthium serrafalcoides (Cooke & Stapf ) Bor, Indian Forester 66: 272. 1940 Andropogon serrafalcoides Cooke & Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 450. 1908. Type: India: Western Ghats, Sakarpattar, near Lanauli; Woodrow s.n. Dichanthium serrafalcoides (Cooke & Stapf ) Blatt. & McCann., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 426. 1928 Andropogon cookei Stapf ex Woodrow, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 13: 438. 1901, nom. nud. Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Pseudosorghum A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26(7): 662. 1920–1921 Lectotype. Pseudosorghum fasciculare (Roxb.) A. Camus (Andropogon fascicularis Roxb.). 1171. Pseudosorghum fasciculare (Roxb.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26(7): 662. 1920–1921 Andropogon fascicularis Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 269. 1820. Type: India: “A native of Mountains.” Sorghum fasciculare (Roxb.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 5: 1034. 1924 Andropogon gangeticus Hack. ex Duthie, Fodder Grasses of North. India 34. 1988 Sorghum gangeticum (Hack. ex Duthie) Kunze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 791. 1891 Andropogon nitidulus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 199. 1896. Type: NorthWest Himalaya: on the Sewalik Hills; and Chanda in the Central Provinces; Duthie s.n. Andropogon tonkinensis Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(6): 112. 1890. Type: Vietnam: Tonkin, Phuong-Lam, Sur les Collines incultes; January 13, 1887; Balansa 1770 (L). Checklist of the grasses of India 421 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. Rottboellia L. f., Suppl. Pl. 13 (Rottböllia), 114 (“Rottbölla”). 1782 (“1781”), nom. cons. Type. Rottboellia exaltata L. f., nom. illeg. (non (L.) Naezen, 1779) (typ. cons.). 1172. Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 817. 1981 Stegosia cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 51. 1790. Type: Vietnam: “Nullibi eam vidi praeterquam in Cochinchina.” Rottboellia exaltata L.f., Suppl. Pl. 114. 1782 (“1781”), non (L.) Naezen, 1779. Type: “Habitat in indiis”; Thunberg s.n. (LINN). Rottboellia exaltata L.f. var. robusta Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 156. 1896. Syntypes: India: Malabar, Palamocotta; Wight 3286, Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8875E. Poone; Woodrow s.n. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 1173. Rottboellia goalparensis Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. n. s. 1(3): 100. 1938 Robynsiochloa goalparensis (Bor) Clayton, Kew Bull. 35(4): 817. 1981 Type. India: Assam, Goalpara District, Kochugaon; Das 10471 (K). Distribution. Assam. Habit. Annual. Saccharum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753 Lectotype. Saccharum officinarum L. (“officinaram”) LT designated by Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 89. 30 Jun 1909; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 255. 1920. 422 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1174. Saccharum fallax Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(4): 80. 1890 Narenga fallax (Balansa) Bor, Kew Bull. 1948: 162. 1948 Erianthus chrysothrix Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 6. 1891. Syntypes: India: Naga Hills ad Piffima, alt. 2000 ft.; C.B. Clarke 40913. Khasia Mountains. ad Nungklas; C.B. Clarke 40209. India: Shillong, alt. 4000 ft.; C.B. Clarke 44484. India; C.B. Clarke 44484 Type. Vietnam: Hills and Valleys of Tu-Phap; Balansa s.n. Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1175. Saccharum filifolium Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 409. 1854 Erianthus filifolius (Steud.) Nees ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 146. 1889 Erianthus macratherus Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14: 347. 1939. Type: Sikkim, Nanga-Parbat, Gebiet, Indus-Tal, Drang, Jalipur, 4000 ft.; May 22, 1937; C. Troll 7170 Saccharum macratherum (Pilg.) Ahmad & Stewart, Grasses of West Pakistan 1: 79. 1958 (as “macrantherus”) Type. Nepal. Distribution. Sikkim [Afghanisthan, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1176. Saccharum griffithii Munro ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boisser) 5: 453. 1884 Erianthus griffithii (Munro ex Boiss.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 122. 1896 Saccharum ciliare Andersson var. griffithii (Munro ex Boiss.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 119. 1889 Type. Afghanistan: Kuram District, on the arid shingle plains and borders of fields, up to 6000 ft. “Hab. ad Schah Bilawul Afghaniae”; Griffith exs. 507. Distribution. Punjab [Afghanistan, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 423 1177. Saccharum longisetosum (T. Anderson) V. Naray., Fl. Assam 5: 461. 1940 var. longisetosum Erianthus longisetosus T. Anderson, Ofvers. Forh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 163. 1855. Syntypes: India: Sillet. India; F. de Silva s.n. India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8846 Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1178. Saccharum longisetosum (T. Anderson) V. Naray. var. hookeri (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 212. 1960 Erianthus hookeri Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 142. 1889. Type: India: Sikkim; J.D. Hooker Erianthus no. 15 Saccharum hookeri (Hack.) V. Naray., Fl. Assam 5: 461. 1940 Erianthus longisetosus T. Anderson var. hookeri (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 151. 1960 Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan]. Habit. Perennial. 1179. Saccharum narenga (Nees) Wall. ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 119. 1889 Eriochrysis narenga Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 411. 1854. Type: India; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8856 B (K). Eriochrysis porphyrocoma Hance, J. Bot. 14(166): 294. 1876. Type: China: Guangdong, “secus amnem Lien chau”; October, 1875; Galbraith 19285 Narenga porphyrocoma (Hance) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 268. 1940 Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1180. Saccharum officinarum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753 Lectotype. “Arundo saccharifera C.B.” in Sloane, Voy. Jamaica, 1: 108, t. 66, 1707. Typotype: Herb. Sloane 2: 14 (BM-SL). LT designated by Reveal et al. in Taxon 38: 96. 1989. 424 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Cultivated. Habit. Perennial. 1181. Saccharum rufipilum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 409. 1854 Erianthus rufipilus (Steud.) Griseb., Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, Math.-Phys. Kl. 93. 1868 Erianthus pallens Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 145. 1889. Type: India: Himalayas; J.D. Hooker & Thomson s.n. (B). Saccharum versicolor Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 409. 1854. Type: India Erianthus versicolor (Steud.) Hack. var. pallens (Hack.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 124. 1896 Erianthus fulvus Nees ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 147. 1889, non (R. Br.) Kunth, 1829 Type. Nepal; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8849. Distribution. Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1182. Saccharum sikkimense (Hook. f.) V. Naray., Fl. Assam 5: 462. 1940 (as “sikkimensis”) Erianthus sikkimensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 123. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim Himalaya, Lachen Valley, alt. 600 ft.; J.D. Hooker s.n. (K). Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan]. Habit. Perennial. 1183. Saccharum sinense Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: 26. t. 232. 1815 Saccharum barberi Jesweit, Arch. Suikerindustr. Ned. Ned.-Indie 12: 396. 1925. Type: India: Chunnee-riet. Type. Introduced into Botanical Garden of Calcutta from China in 1796. Distribution. West Bengal [Bangladesh, China]. Cultivated. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 425 1184. Saccharum spontaneum L., Mant. Pl. Altera 183. 1771 Imperata spontanea (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 8. 165. 1812 Saccharum canaliculatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 251. 1820. Type: “A most beautiful stately species, a native of Bengal in moist thickets.” Saccharum insulare Brongn., Voy. Monde, Phan. 2(2): 99. 1831. Type: “Sauvage dans les lieux frais près des ruisseaux de l’ile Oualan, l’une des iles Carolines” Caroline Islands: Kusaie (Kosrae, Oualan); 1825; Lesson s.n. (P). Saccharum propinquum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 406. 1854. Type: “Ex Hrbo. Prisiensi. Coromandel.” Saccharum semidecumbens Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 241. 1820. Type: “A native of Bengal, where it delights in low wet places.” Type. “Habitat in Malabariae aquosis. Koenig.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 77.1 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Nasir and Ali (ed.), Fl. Pakistan 143: 263. 1982. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1185. Saccharum wardii (Bor) Bor ex Cope, Kew Bull. 35:702. 1980 Erianthus wardii Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 498. 1954. Type: Burma: North Triangle, Kainjaw, alt. 3200 ft.; December 2, 1953; F. Kingdon-Ward 21666 (K). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani. 1186. Saccharum williamsii (Bor) Bor ex Cope, Kew Bull. 35:703. 1980 Erianthus williamsii Bor, Kew Bull. 12(3): 413. 1958. Type Nepal: NW of Gurjakhani, 9000 ft.; July 30, 1954; Polunin, Sykes & Williams 3670 (BM). Distribution. India [Nepal (Naithani)]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not reported. 426 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Sarga Ewart, Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria 23(2): 296. 1911 Type. Sarga stipoidea Ewart & Jean White. 1187. Sarga leiocladus (Hack.) Spangler, Austral. Syst. Bot. 16(3): 290. 2003 (as “leiocladum”) Andropogon australis Spreng. ssp. leiocladus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 524. 1889. Type: Australia: New South Wales, Central Coast, Port Jackson; February, 1825; C. Gaudichaud s.n. (P). Sorghum leiocladus (Hack.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3364. 1938 (as “leiocladum”) Distribution. India [also in Australia]. Native to eastern Australia. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not reported. It is possible that this report is erroneous. Schizachyrium Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 331. 1829 Lectotype. Schizachyrium condensatum (Kunth) Nees (Andropogon condensatus Kunth). LT designated by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 2: 1077. 1874. 1188. Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex Buse, Pl. Jungh. 359. 1854 Andropogon brevifolius Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 26. 1788 (as “brevifolium”). Type: “Jamaica.” Lectotype: West Indies: Jamaica; O.P. Swartz s.n. (M). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 143. 1908. Pollinia brevifolia (Sw.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 13. 1815 Andropogon floridus Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 2: 265. 1832 Andropogon obtusifolius Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 583. 1810. Type: “Cette plante a été recueillie par M. Lendru a Porto Ricco.” Puerto Rico; M. Lendru s.n. (P). Andropogon parviflorus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 277. 1820. Type: “A very beautiful most delicate species, a native of pasture land up amongst the Circar Mountains and also of the Mountains themselves.” Pollinia vaginata Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 11. 1815. Type: “Habitat in Bengalia.” Andropogon debilis Kunth, Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 488. 1833. Type: Mexico. Andropogon tenellus J. Presl in C. Presl., Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 335. 1830, nom. later hom. non Roxb., 1820. Type: “Hab. in Mexico”; Haenke s.n. (PR). Checklist of the grasses of India 427 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 1189. Schizachyrium delavayi (Hack.) Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. new ser. 1(3): 95. 1938 Andropogon delavayi Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 404–405. 1889. Syntypes: China: Yunnan, Kimi-se, ad pedes Hee-schan-man prope Koken; J.M. Delavay 1800; China: Yunnan, in pratis ad Ki-pin-Kay prope Tali; J.M. Delavay 2242 (P). Eremopogon delavayi (Hack.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon sér. 2. 68: 208. 1921 Andropogon bootanensis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 166. 1896. Type: Bhutan Himalaya: Tassangsee, alt., 5000–6000 ft.; Griffith s.n. Schizachyrium bootanense (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon sér. 2. 70: 90. 1923 Distribution. Assam, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1190. Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 284. 1917 Andropogon exilis Hochst., Flora 27: 241. 1844. Syntypes: Sudan: “Ad latus, orientale montis Cordofani Arasch-Cool locis humidis habitat”; Kotschyi 370 (K). Ethiopia: ad latus orientale montis Cordofani Arasch-Cool locis humidis habitat; 1837– 1838; Kotschyi 19 (L). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani. 1191. Schizachyrium impressum (Hack.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon sér. 2, 70: 91. 1923 Andropogon impressus Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 49. 1891. Type: India: Kashmir, Kishtwar, 4000 ft.; C.B. Clarke 31433 (W). 428 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1192. Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 334. 1931 Rottboellia sanguinea Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 25. 1783. Type: “Ramulum misit Cl. Bladh e China.” China; Bladh s.n. (LD). Andropogon sanguineus (Retz.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 12: 101. 1917 Thelepogon sanguineus (Retz.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 299. 1824 (“1825”) Schizachyrium semiberbe Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 336. 1829. Type: “Habitat in Brasilia australiori”; Sellow s.n. (B). Andropogon semiberbis (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 489. 1833 Andropogon semiberbis (Nees) Kunth var. leptostachyus (Benth.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 370. 1889 Andropogon leptostachyus Benth., Niger Fl. [W. J. Hooker]. 571. 1849. Type: “On the Quarra; Vogel.” Nigeria: River Niger [Quorra]; Vogel s.n. (K) Andropogon pseudograya Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 365. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka; Arnott s.n. Schizachyrium hirtiflorum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 334. 1829. Type: “Habitat in Brasilia australiori.” Brazil; Sellow s.n. (B). Andropogon hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 571. 1832 Distribution. Meghalaya [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1193. Schizachyrium sudhanshui N.P. Singh, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 60(3–4): 359. 1981 Type. “lecti ad Raichur-Hyderabad via 19th km ad alt. C. 400 m in dist. Raichur, ditionae Karnataka dei 15th Novembris anni 1975.” Holotype: Singh 141725A (CAL); isotypes: Singh 141725B-D (BSI). Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Annual. 1194. Schizachyrium villosum (Poir.) Veldkamp, Blumea 31: 306. 1986 Rottboellia villosa Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) 6: 313. 1804 (as “Rottbolla”). Type: “Cette plante a été recueillie dans les Indes par Commerson (V.S. in Herb. Juss.).” Commerson s.n. (P.-JU). Checklist of the grasses of India 429 Distribution. India. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not reported. Sehima Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 178. 1775 Type. Sehima ischaemiides Forssk. 1195. Sehima ischaemoides Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 178. 1775 Andropogon lineatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854 Andropogon rhyncophorus Stapf, Mém. Soc. Bot. France. 8: 101. 1908. Type: Central African Republic: Dar-el-Hadjer; Chevalier 9797 (K). Sehima inscalptum Hochst., Flora 27: 247. 1844. Type: “Ad agrorum margines locis siccioribus prope Gapdiam in Abyssiniae provincia Tigre lectum est. Septembri floriferum.” Ethiopia; September 24, 1839; Schimper 739 (K, MO). Andropogon inscalptus (Hochst.) Andersson, Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 310. 1867 Ischaemum inscalptum (Hochst.) A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 472. 1850–1851. Sehima kotschyi Hochst., Flora 27: 247. 1844. Type: “Ad radices montis Cordofani Arasch-Cool in fissuris rupium graniticarum”; Sudan: Kordofan, Arashkol; Kotschy 373 Andropogon sehima Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Sehima ischaemoides Type. “Yeman in montibus ad Hadle.” Yemen: Al Hadiyah, in montibus ad Hadie; 1763; Forsska s.n. (C). Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 1196. Sehima nervosa (Rottler) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 36. 1917 (as “nervosum”) Andropogon nervosus Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 218. 1803. Type: India: Madras; Rottler s.n. (K). Hologamium nervosum (Rottler) Nees, Edinburgh New Philos. J. 18: 185. 1835 Ischaemum nervosum (Rottler) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 365. 1864 Andropogon striatus Klein ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(1): 903. 1806. Type: “Habitat in Malabaria.” Ischaemum laxum R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 205. 1810. Type: Australia: “littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.” 430 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Ischaemum macrostachyum A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 472. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in montibus versus fluvium Tacazze, mense Augusto (Schimper)” Andropogon macrostachyus (A. Rich.) Andersson, Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 310. 1867 Sehima macrostachyum Hochst. ex Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 245. 1889, invalid, pro syn. Andropogon tacazensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 369. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Deccan, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1197. Sehima notata (Hack.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 27: 373. 1921 (as “notatum”) Ischaemum notatum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 246. 1889. Type: India: Kamaon District; 5100–7300 ft.; J.F. Duthie 5057. Prope Dunagiri supra Duarahat ad 6600 ft. Distribution. Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand. Habit. Perennial. 1198. Sehima sulcata (Hack.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 27: 373. 1921 (as “sulcatum”) Ischaemum sulcatum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 248. 1889. Type: “India orientalis, prope Narsingpur province, Centralis alt. 1000 ft.”; O. Kuntze in h. prop. s.n. Sholapur province, Bombay Stead in h. m.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Sorghum Moench, Methodus (Moench) 207. 1794, nom. cons. Type. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Holcus bicolor L.). Checklist of the grasses of India 431 1199. Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 114. 1917 Rhaphis arundinacea Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 69. 1831 (as “arundinaceus”). Type: ‘Habitat in Guinea.’ (West Tropical Africa). Andropogon stapfii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 184. 1896. Type: Tinnevelly, Palamcottah; Wight s.n. Sorghum stapfii (Hook. f.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(9): 1735. 1931 Andropogon verticilliflorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 393. 1854. Type: “An praecedentis var. Ins. Borbon.” Sorghum verticilliflorum (Steud.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 116. 1917 Sorghum pugionifolium Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 240. 1955. Type: India: Punjab, Gurgaon; October 24, 1886; J.R. Drummond 21901 Andropogon arundinaceus Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 906. 1806, nom. illeg. later hom., non P.J. Bergius, 1767. Type: Guinea (West Tropical Africa); P.E. Isert s.n. (B-W). Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual or Perennial. 1200. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 207. 1794 Holcus bicolor L., Mant. Pl. Altera 301. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Persia. D. Lerche. H. U.” Lectotype: Herb. Clifford: 468, Holcus 1 (BM-000647533). LT designated by Davidse in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 251. 2000. Andropogon bicolor (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 272. 1820 Holcus sorghum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1047. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Clifford: 468, Holcus 1 (BM-000647533). LT designated by Davidse in Cafferty et al. (ed.). Taxon 49: 251. 2000. Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 88. 1804 Sorghum vulgare Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 101. 1805 Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. arduini (Körn.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 236. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. arduini Körn., Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 312. 1885. Type: “Dies ist vielleicht in Europa die zur samengewinnung und als Grunfutterpflanze am moisten gebaute varietat, und die erste, welche in deutsche Garten gelangte.” Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. picigutta Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 236. 1935. Type: Burma: Rangoon; McClelland s.n. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. subglobosum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 237. 1935 432 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. subglobosus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 515. 1889. Type: “Ins. Hawaii, Honolulu in hortis (Wawra).” Andropogon subglabrescens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 393. 1854. Type: “Abyssin, An interim, A. Sorghi var.” Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 302, 306. 1867 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. subglabrescens (Steud.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 519. 1889 Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. latum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 255. 1935. Type: Somaliland: without precise locality; Farquharson 1 Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. pabulare Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 252. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Baroda; Ryan s.n. Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. paniculatellum (Chiov.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 253. 1935 (as “paniculatella”) Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. rugulosum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 252. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. rugulosus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 508. 1889. Type: “In insulis Capitis Viridis praesertim in ins. S. Nicolae, ex Bolle (in sched. h. berol.) spontaneous.” Abyssinia: Cultivated; Herb. Braun (B). Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. oviforme Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 254. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Puna; Herb. Econ. Bot. Poona Agric. Coll. 72 Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. rubidum (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 253. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. subvar. rubidus Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 68, 69. 1906. Type: India: Madras, Coimbatore; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India; Barber 961 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. mediocris Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 68, 69. 1906 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. compactus Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67, 69. 1906, p.p. Type: India: Madras, Bellary; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India; Barber 17840 Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. compactum (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 253. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. irungiformis Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67, 69. 1906, p.p. Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. mediocris Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67, 69. 1906, p.p. Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. var. irungiforme (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 253. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. irungiformis Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 69. 1906, p.p. Type: India: Madras, Trichinopoly; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India; Barber 17840 Checklist of the grasses of India 433 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. mediocris Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 69. 1906, p.p. Sorghum basiplicatum Chiov var. paniculatellum Chiov., Monogr. Rapp. Col. Roma no. 19: 38. 1912. Type: Eritrea: without precise locality; International Exhibition Turin 1911, 9 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. caudatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 517. 1889. Type: “Colitur in Africa centrali in terra Djur (Schweinf. Ser. III, n. 180 ex p.).” Sorghum caudatum (Hack.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 131. 1917, p.p. Holcus cernuus Ard., Saggi Sci. Lett. Accad. Padova 1: 128. t. 3. f. 1, 2. 1786 Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 2. t. 3. 1809 Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. orbiculatum Snowden Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 252. 1935. Type: India: Central Procinces, Yeotmal; Youngman 56 Sorghum truchmenorum C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 442. 1848. Type: Russia, Transcaspian Province; C. Koch s.n. Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. truchmenorum (C. Koch) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. truchmenorum (C. Koch) Körn., Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 315. 1885 Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. subcylindricum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 252. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Poona; Herb Econ. Bot. Poona Agric. Coll. 65 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. globosus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 517. 1889. Type: India orient, colitur e. gr. Prope Seramput (Voigt. In H. Havn.) India: Bihar & Orissa, Serampur; Voigt s.n. (Mus. Bot. Haun.). Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. globosum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. yemensis Körn., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2(App. 2): 11. 1894. Type: “Arab Jemen im Tiefland der Tehama ostl von Marraua 162. Ernte Ende Dec 1888. Arab Sudkuste Schugra 60 coll, 81.” Arabia: Yemen, east of Marraua; Schweinfurth 162 (B). Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. yemense (Körn.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. agricolarum Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67. 1906, p.p. Type: India: Central Provinces, Ellichpur District; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 22941 Sorghum cernuum (Ard.) Host var. agricolarum (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935 Sorghum conspicuum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 226. 1935. Type: Tanzania: Tanganyika Territory, Rufiji District; Wakefield 9 (K). Sorghum conspicuum Snowden var. orientale Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 227. 1935. Type: India: Bihar & Orissa, Bhagalpur; Alam 6 (K). 434 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. usaramense Buese & Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 184. 1902 (as “usaramensis”). Type: Tanzania: Tanganyika Territory, Usaramo, Kisserawe; Busse 395 (B). Sorghum conspicuum Snowden var. usaramense (Buese & Pilg.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 227. 1935 Holcus dochna Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 174. 1775. Type: “Rosetta primum mihi obveniebat in horto, cultus ob pabulum Aviculatum, florens initio Novemb. Potlea, cereale vulgare in Arabia in veniebatur.” Egypt: Rashid (Rosetta); 1761; Forsskal 108 (C). Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 234. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. saccharatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 509. 1889. Type: “Habitat in India.” Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. obovatus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 514. 1889, p.p. Type: “Vidi ex Italia sup. Pr. Veronam (Reichb. F. germ. exs. No. 2408 sub S. vulgari) Lectum, Hispania (murcia, I. Bourgeau Pl Esp. 1522), Madeira (subv. 4).” Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. obovatum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 235. 1935 Sorghum rubens Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1036. 1809. Andropogon rubens (Willd.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 164. 1829 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. irungu Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 68. 1906. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Madras, Madura; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 15616 Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. irungu (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 235. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. technicus Körn., Handb. Getreidebaus 1: 308. 1885 Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. technicum (Körn.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 235. 1935 Sorghum technicum (Körn) Battand. & Trabut, Fl. Alger (Battandier & Trabut) 128. 1895 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. pulcher Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67. 1906, p.p. Type: Burma: Saging; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 11793a Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. pulchrum (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 235. 1935 Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. atrum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 235. 1935. Type: Burma: Saging; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 11795a Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. melliferum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 236. 1935. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Madras, Tinnevelly; Anstead 3 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. wightii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 511. 1889. Type: “Peninsula Indiae or. (Wight h. prop. N. 185).” India: Without precise Locality; Herb. Wight propr. 185 (B). Checklist of the grasses of India 435 Sorghum dochna (Forssk.) Snowden var. wightii (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 236. 1935 Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 129. 1917, non (Forssk.) Batt. & Trab., 1895 Holcus durra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 174. 1775. Type: “Kahirae Durra: in arab. Taam. Colitur fere unicum cereale, finale cum H. Dochn.” Yemen: Wadi Mawr; 1763; Forsskål 111(C). Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. durra (Forssk.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 516. 1889. Type: “Maxime cultus in Aegypto tota (Schweinf. 1523) sub nominee durra awageh, in Abyssinia (Schimp.) Darfur (Pfund), Senegalia (Lelievre, et Verisimiliter etiam in Africa centrali.” Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. maximum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935. Type: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: Gedarif; Punter 5 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. aegyptiacus Körn., Mem. Inst. Egypt. 2: 164. 1887. Type: Egypt: Assouan; Ehrenberg s.n. (B). Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. aegyptiacum (Körn.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 249. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. coimbatoricum Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 68. 1906. Type: India: Madras, Coimbatore District; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 15593 Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. coimbatoricum (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1935 Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. fuscum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Sind, Hyderbad; Navani 2 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. mediocris Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 68. 1906, p.p. Type: India: Madras, Kristna; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 15560 Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. mediocre (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 249. 1935 Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. rivulare Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 251. 1935. Type: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: White Nile; Punter 56 Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. fecundum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Sind; Herb. Econ. Bot. Poona Agric. Coll. 40 Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. elongatum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1935. Type: India: Bombay, Sind; Herb. Econ. Bot. Poona Agric. Coll. 26 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. bicolor Körn., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2(App. 2): 11– 12. 1894, non Hack., 1889 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. usorum Körn., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2(App. 2): 12. 1894, non (Nees) Körn. & Wern., 1885 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. eois Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao, Madras Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 55: 67. 1906. Type: India: Punjab, Dera Ismail Khan; Herb. Rep. Econ. Prod. India 15924 436 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. eois (Burkill ex Benson & Subbarao) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. javanicus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 517. 1889. Type: “E seminibus javanicis in horto bot. Vindobonensi cultum vidi in herb. Vind.” Austria: Vienna, cultivated in the Botanical Gardens, seed from Java (Herb. Vindob.). Sorghum durra (Forssk.) Stapf var. javanicum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 250. 1835 Sorghum membranaceum Chiov., Monogr. Rapp. Col. Roma 19, 23, 24, 27. 1912. Type: “Collezione della Colonia Eritrea Presentata all’ Esposizione Internat, Torino 1911” Sorghum papyrascens Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 134. 1917. Type: Sudan: Sennar, without special localization; Rubber Exhibition London 1914 Sorghum membranaceum Chiov. var. ehrenbergianum (Körn.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 231. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. ehrenbergianus Körn., Mem. Inst. Egypt. 2: 163. 1887. Type: Egypt: near Assouan; Ehrenberg s.n. (B). Sorghum membranaceum Chiov. var. lateritium (Stapf ) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 231. 1935 Sorghum papyrascens Stapf var. lateritium Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 134. 1917. Type: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: Sennar Province; Rubber Exhibition London 1914 Sorghum miliiforme (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 237. 1935 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. milliformis Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 518. 1889. Type: “Colitur in Bengaliae regione trop. (Hook. f. et Thoms.) in Ceylon.” India: Sikkim; J.D. Hooker & T. Thomson s.n. Sorghum milliforme (Hack.) Snowden var. rotundulum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 237. 1935. Type: Bihar & Orissa, Bhagalpur; Alam 9 Sorghum milliforme (Hack.) Snowden var. sikkimense Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 237. 1935. Type: India: Sikkim, Tukvar; Gamble 3354a Sorghum nervosum Bess. ex Schultes, Mant. 2 (Schultes) Add. II: 669. 1827 Andropogon besseri Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 166. 1829 Sorghum roxburghii Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 126. 1917 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. hians Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 184. 1896. Type: Wight Cat. no. 1670 Sorghum roxburghii Stapf var. hians (Stapf ) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 127. 1917 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. var. fulvus Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 512. 1889. Type: “Colitur in Madagascar (Hildebrandt 3219 pr. Nosi-be), in ins Angorna (Peters in h. berol.).” Madagascar: Nossi-Be; Hildebrandt 3219 (K). Sorghum roxburghii Stapf var. fulvum (Hack.) Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 228. 1935 Checklist of the grasses of India 437 Sorghum roxburghii Stapf var. semiclausum Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(1): 127. 1917, p.p., nom. & stat. nov. Sorghum roxburghii Stapf var. nanum Snowden, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 228. 1935. Type: India: Bihar & Orissa, Patna; Alam 2 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Cultivated; native to Africa. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Sorghum bicolor was divided into many infraspecific taxa by Snowden (1935), but Harlan and DeWet (1972) provided a much simpler classification, reducing most of Snowden’s taxa to synonymy. 1201. Sorghum controversum (Steud.) Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 210. 1955 Andropogon controversus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 391. 1854. Type: “A. laxus Roxb. Fl. Ind. 275 vix Thunberg. Ind. or.” Type. Not designated. Until Roxburgh’s type specimen has been located, a specimen in Kew Herbarium, Bourne 3270, from Tapeswarani, Godavery District, Madras province, dated December 1907, has been selected as characteristic of the awned state of this species. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal. Habit. Perennial. 1202. Sorghum deccanense Stapf in Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 245. 1960 Type. India: Madhya Pradesh; J.F. Duthie 8538, 10025. Deccan; Woodrow s.n. Distribution. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records from Gujarat and Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). 1203. Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 101. 1805 Holcus halepensis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1047. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Syria, Mauritania.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1212.7 (LINN). LT designated by Meikle in Fl. Cyprus 2: 1869. 1985. 438 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Milium halepense (L.) Cav., Descr. Pl. (Cavanilles). 306. 1802 Andropogon halepensis (L.) Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 89. 1804 Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot. ssp. halepensis (L.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 501. 1889 Blumenbachia halepensis (L.) Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 29. 1802 (as “haleppensis”) Andropogon miliaceus Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 276. 1820. Lectotype: Wallich Numer. List no 8778 B. LT designated by Snowden in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 207. 1955. Sorghum miliaceum (Roxb.) Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 207. 1955 Sorghum miliaceum (Roxb.) Snowden var. parvispiculum Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 209. 1955. Type: India: Dehra Dun; Gamble 27139 (K). Andropogon arundinaceus Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed 2. 2: 274. 1772, non P.J.Bergius, 1767. Type: “Habitat in Afro Tergeftino, calamitosum.” Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1204. Sorghum nitidum (Vahl) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 101. 1805 Holcus nitidus Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 102. 1791. Type: “Habitat in India Orientali.” Holcus fulvus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 199. 1810. Type: Australia: “littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.” Sorghum fulvum (R. Br.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 131, 164. 1812 Andropogon fulvus (R. Br.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 8. 1815 Sorghum tropicum Buse, Pl. Jungh. 359. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Holcus fulvus. Andropogon serratus Thunb., Syst. Veg., ed. 14 (J. A. Murray). 903. 1784 Sorghum serratum (Thunb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 792. 1891, non (Thunb.) Roem. & Schult., 1817 Andropogon tropicus Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 287. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Holcus fulvus Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 439 1205. Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc., Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 249. 1931 (“1929”) Andropogon propinquus Kunth, Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 502. 1833. Type: “Ins. NeuHannover, ad ripas.” Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc. var. siamense (Piper) Snowden, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 55: 214. 1955 Sorghum affine A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 321. 1922, non (R. Br.) Kuntze, 1891 Andropogon affinis J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 343. 1830, non R. Br., 1810. Type: Philippines: Luzon; T. Haenke s.n. [according to Piper, 1915] (US-76438). Andropogon halepensis (L.) Brot. ssp. siamensis Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 28: 30. 1915. Syntypes: Cambodia: Pnum Penh; October, 1878; Godefroy-lebeuf 83 (K). Siam: Pak Bawag; September 4, 1911; Kerr 2006 (K). Siam: Near Kampang, 350 ft., growing in pampas along the banks of Mei Ping river; October 11, 1911; Kerr 2156 (K). Distribution. Tamil Nadu [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1206. Sorghum purpureosericeum (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Schweinf. & Asch., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 310. 1867 Andropogon purpureosericeus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 469. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in convalle fluvii Mareb, mense Novembre; Quartin Dillon et Ant. Petit et in locis paludosis in regione Montana Walcha provinciae Sana, mense Augusto; Schimper s.n.” Distribution. Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [also in Africa]. Habit. Annual. Spodiopogon Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 192. 1820 Type. Spodiopogon sibiricus Trin. 1207. Spodiopogon aristatus R.J. Desai & Raole, Kew Bull. 67(1): 103. 2012 Type. India, Gujarat, Tapi District, Bunadha, 10 November 2009, R.J. Desai 241 (holotype: BARO). 440 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Gujarat. Habit. Perennial. 1208. Spodiopogon cotulifer (Thunb.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 187. 1889 Andropogon cotulifer Thunb., Syst. Veg., ed. 14 (J. A. Murray). 903. 1784 (“cotuliferum”). Type: Japonia: Nagasaki; Thunburg s.n. Eccoilopus cotulifer (Thunb.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2. 70: 92. 1924 Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya [China]. Habit. Perennial. 1209. Spodiopogon dubius Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 186. 1889 Type. “In Himalayae boreali-occidentalis regione tropica (Hook. f. et Thomos h. Ind. Or. Andropogon 11).” Nepal, alt. 10000 ft.; J.D. Hooker. & Thomson s.n. Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1210. Spodiopogon jainii V.J. Nair, A.N. Singh & N.C. Nair, Curr. Sci. 50: 730. 1981 Distribution. Madhya Pradesh. Habit. Annual. 1211. Spodiopogon lacei Hole, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. 5(6): 185. 1915 Syntypes. Burma: Maymyo; Lace no. 4372. Burma: Maymyo; Lace no. M (6). Burma: Maymyo; Lace 6025 (DD). Distribution. Manipur [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for India fide Naithani (1990). 1212. Spodiopogon rhizophorus (Steud.) Pilg., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl], 14e: 119. 1940 Andropogon rhizophorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 381. 1854. Type: “Hinc praecedenti, hinc A. biaristato Steud nr. 197 affinis. Hrbr Wall. Nr 1821.” Checklist of the grasses of India 441 Spodiopogon albidus Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 66. 1881, nom. nud. Distribution. Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Thelepogon Roth, Syst. Veg. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 46. 1817 Type. Thelepogon elegans Roth. 1213. Thelepogon elegans Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 788. 1817 Andropogon princeps A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 470. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in campis humidis convallis fluvii Tacazze, mense Julio; Quartin Dillon.” Type: Ethiopia: Tacazze; Quartin Dillon & Petit s.n. (P) Jardinea abyssinica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 360. 1854, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Andropogon princeps Rhiniachne princeps (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 360. 1854, nom. invalid. Cited as synonym of Jardinea abyssinica Type. “In India Orientali; Roth s.n.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [also in Africa]. Habit. Annual. Themeda Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab 178. 1775 Type. Themeda triandra Forssk. 1214. Themeda anathera (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 669. 1889 Anthistiria anathera Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 402. 1854. Type: India Orientali; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8773 (K). Androscepia anathera (Nees) Andersson, Nov. Act. Nat. Soc. Sc. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 249. 1856 Themeda dacurzii Birari, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 70: 346. f. 1–5. 1973. Type: India: Uttar Pradesh, Dehra Dun, Mussoorie Hill; December 17, 1969; Birari I-774 (College of Agriculture). 442 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1215. Themeda arguens (L.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 657. 1889 Stipa arguens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 117. 1762. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 94.10 (LINN). LT designated by Merrill in Interpret. Rumph. Herb. Amb. 89. 1917. Epitype: Thailand. Flora of Siam 8036 (BM). Epitype designated by Cope in (ed.), SC/CEJ. Anthistiria arguens (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(1): 901. 1806 Anthistiria pilifera Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 400. 1854. Type: “Hrbr. Goering sect II nr. 145. A. arguens Morit et Zolling Verz. p. 99 nr. 373.” Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar [China]. Habit. Annual. 1216. Themeda arundinacea (Roxb.) Ridley, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. Ser. 2. 3: 401. 1893 Anthistiria arundinacea Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 256. 1820. Type: “A native of Bengal.” Anthistiria gigantea Cav. ssp. arundinacea (Roxb.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 674. 1889 Cymbopogon arundinaceus (Roxb.) Schultes, Mant. 2 (Schultes) 457. 1824 Anthistiria subsericans Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 401. 1854. Type: India Orientali; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8774B Themeda subsericans (Nees) Ridl., Fl. Malay. Penin. 5: 212. 1925 Anthistiria gigantea Cav. subvar. subsericans (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 674. 1889 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1217. Themeda caudata (Nees) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 364. 1922 Anthistiria caudata Nees in Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 245. 1838. Type: “Hab. Prope Macao et in vicinis insulis; G.H. Vachell no. 46” Checklist of the grasses of India 443 Themeda gigantea (Cav.) Hack. ssp. caudata (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 676. 1889, p.p. Androscepia gigantea (Cav.) Brongn. var. armata Andersson, Nov. Act. Nat. Soc. Sc. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 248. 1856. Type: “Hab. in insula Java; Zollinger (in sylvis p. Tjkoya n. 1029) et in India Orientali (Mirra Poonje: de Silva et W. Gomez: Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8774)” Themeda longispatha (Hack.) Raizada & Jain, Indian Forester 80: 45. 1954 Themeda gigantea (Cav.) Hack. var. longispatha Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 677. 1889. Type: “Terai ad pedes montium Himalaya (O. Kuntze in h. prope.).” Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1218. Themeda cymbaria Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 668. 1889 Anthistiria cymbaria Roxb., Hort. Beng. 6. 1814, p.p. (excl. basionym) Syntypes. “India or. in montosis (Roxb.) Peninsula (Wight 1707, 175 [h. prop.] Maisur et Carnatic (Hook. f. Thoms.); Ceylon (Thwaites 3257, 3803).” Distribution. Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1219. Themeda hookeri (Griseb.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 26: 425. 1920 Anthistiria hookeri Griseb., Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, Math.-Phys. Kl. 91. 1868. Type: “H. or Sikkim. 6000–9000 ft. (H. Androscep. No. 2), Khasya 5000 (H.)” Distribution. Meghalaya, Sikkim [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1220. Themeda huttonensis Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. new ser., 1(3): 96. 1938 Type. India: Naga Hills, near Laruri, on the bank of Nanteilek river; N.L. Bor s.n. Distribution. Assam, Nagaland. Habit. Perennial. 444 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1221. Themeda intermedia (Hack.) Bor, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. new ser., 1(3): 96. 1938 Themeda gigantea Hack. var. intermedia Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 675. 1889. Type: “In montium Khasia reg. trop. (Hook. f. et Thoms. sub Androscepia nr. 4).” Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland [Bhutan, China]. Habit. Perennial. 1222. Themeda laxa (Andersson) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 26: 423. 1920 Anthistiria laxa Andersson, Nov. Act. Nat. Soc. Sc. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 243. 1856. Type: “Hab. in Nepalia.” Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8775 (S). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1223. Themeda mooneyi Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 451. 1952 Type. India: Orissa, near Pottangi, Koraput District, alt. 4100 ft.; October 1950; H.F. Mooney 4064 (K). Distribution. Odisha. Habit. Perennial. 1224. Themeda odishae Chorghe, K. Prasad, Prasanna & Y. V. Rao, Phytotaxa 245 (2): 183. 2016 Type. India, Orissa, Gajapati District, Mahendragiri Hills, 17th September 2014, Alok Chorghe & K. Prasad 4209 (BSID, CAL). Distribution. Odisha. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 445 1225. Themeda palakkadensis Chorghe, K Prasad & Lakshmin., Taiwania 64(3): 231. 2019 Type. India, Kerala, Palakkad District, Elvai Malai, 12th November, 2016, K. Prasad 8485 (CAL, BSI). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1226. Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 794. 1891 var. quadrivalvis Andropogon quadrivalvis L., Syst. Veg., ed. 13. 1: 758. 1774, replaced synonym Andropogon nutans L. (1771), nom. illeg., non L. (1753). Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1211.5 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 246. 2000. Anthistiria scandens Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 253. 1820. Type: “A Native of Bengal.” Themeda ciliata Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 664. 1889, nom. superfl. & illeg. Anthistiria ciliata L.f., Suppl. Pl. 113. 1782 (“1781”), nom. superfl. & illeg. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Africa, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 1227. Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze var. helferi (Hack.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 252. 1960 Themeda helferi Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 665. 1889. Type: Burma: Andaman Islands (Bay of Bengal), Tenasserim; March 1862; J.W. Helfer 6809 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani. 446 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1228. Themeda sabarimalayana Sreek. & V.J. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 29(1–4): 127. 1989 (“1987”) Type. India: Kerala, Pathanamthitta District, on way to Sabarimala, alt. 1500 ft.; December 23, 1980; P.V. Sreekumar 69433 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1229. Themeda saxicola Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 452. 1952 Type. India: Orissa, Raisili Village, Koraput District, alt. 3200 ft.; October 25, 1950; H.F. Mooney 4241 (K). Distribution. Odisha. Habit. Perennial. 1230. Themeda strigosa (Buch.- Ham. ex Hook. f.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 26: 423. 1920 Anthistiria strigosa Buch.- Ham. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 214. 1896. Type: India: Assam; Buchanan-Hamilton s.n. Bihar, Monghyr; Herb Calcutta Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal. Habit. Perennial. 1231. Themeda tremula (Nees) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 667. 1889 Anthistiria tremula Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 401. 1855. Type: Sri Lanka; Heyne s.n. (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8765). Androscepia tremula (Nees) Andersson, Nov. Act. Nat. Soc. Sc. Upsal. ser. 3. 2: 247. 1856 Themeda tremula (Nees) Hack. var. thwaitesii (Hook. f.) Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon 198. 1956 Anthistiria thwaitesii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 215. 1896. Type: Sri Lanka; Thwaites s.n. Anthistiria tremula Nees var. thwaitesii (Hook. f.) Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 250. 1900 Themeda thwaitesii (Hook. f.) A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 26: 424. 1920 Checklist of the grasses of India 447 Anthistiria tremula Nees var. brunnea Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 250. 1900. Syntypes: Abundant throughout the Island. Moragala; Trimen s.n. Madulsema; Pearson s.n. Themeda tremula (Nees) Hack. var. brunnea (Hook. f.) Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon 198. 1956 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1232. Themeda triandra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 178. 1775 Anthistiria australis R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 200. 1810. Type: Australia: “littora Novae Hollandiae intra tropicum.” Australia; R. Brown 6194 (BM). Themeda australis (R. Br.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9(3): 420. 1919, in obs. Anthistiria glauca Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 380. t. 254. 1799. Type: “Habitat in collibus arenosis prope Bone, Constantine et aliis locis.” Anthistiria imberbis Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 11. 1783. Type: South Africa: Cape, Cape of Good Hope; Sparrmann s.n. (LD). Themeda imberbis (Retz.) T. Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: 993. 1908 Anthistiria paleacea Ball, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 734. 1878. Type: “In collibus et locis aridis raro, loco natali non indicto.” Anthistiria punctata Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 448. 1850–1851. Syntypes: Ethiopia: Scholoda; October 3, 1837; G.H.W. Schimper Abyss., sect. I, 73 (P). Ethiopia: in monte Selleuda nec non in montibus probe Tecli, in provincia Sana, mensibus Augusto ad Octobrem; Schimper, pl. Schimp. Abyss., sect. III, 1555 (P). Ethiopia: in locis montosis juxta Memsah; Quartin Dillon s.n. (P). Stipa arguens Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 20. 1794, non L., 1762 Calamina imberbis sensu (Retz.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 810. 1817, non P. Beauv., 1812 Themeda forskalii Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 659. 1889 Type. “Yemen in montibus ad Hadiyah”; 1763; Forsskål s.n. (C (destroyed)). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 448 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1233. Themeda villosa (Poir.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 364. 1922 Anthistiria villosa Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1: 396. 1810. Type: “Cette plante a été recueillie a Java par Commerson (V.S. in herb Lam. & Desfont.).” Themeda gigantea (Cav.) Hack. ssp. villosa (Poir.) Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 675. 1889 Aristaria mutica Hassk., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10: 117. 1843. Type: Cited Anth. Gigantea Cav. (Wild. Sp. 4: 902, 7. Spreng vol.1.291.15) Heterelytron scabrum Jungh., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 294. 1840. Type: Indonesia: Java “Per totam insulam locis apricis, siccis usque ad 2000 pedum altitudinem.” Themeda gigantea sensu Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 336. 1931, non (Cav.) Hack., 1889 Anthistiria mutica sensu Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 401. 1854, non, Hassk., 1843 Androscepia mutica Andersson ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 217. 1896, nom. nud., pro. syn. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Thuarea Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 110. 1805 Type. Thuarea sarmentosa Pers. 1234. Thuarea involuta (G. Forst.) Sm., Cycl. (Rees) 35(2): Thuarea [no. 3] [unpaginated]. 1817 Ischaemum involutum G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. 73. 1786. Type: “Societatis insulae et passim intra tropicos.” Ornithocephalochloa arenicola Kurz, J. Bot. 13: 332. t. 171. f. 1–18. 1875. Type: “Hab. in arenosis calcareis littorum ins. Katchall, frequens. – Gramen valde peculiare nullo generi inter Phalarideas arcte affine.” Thuarea sarmentosa Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 110. 1805. Type: “Hab. in Madagascariae arenos.” Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 449 Trilobachne Schenck ex Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 67: 4. 1931 Type. Trilobachne cookei (Stapf ) Schenck ex Henrard (Polytoca cookei Stapf ). 1235. Trilobachne cookei (Stapf ) Schenck ex Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 67: 4. 1931 Polytoca cookei Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 24: t. 2333. 1894. Type: “Hab. in sylvis insulae Salsetta Bombay. Jacquemont 706. Bombay Herb. Dalzell, ad Mahableshewar, Woodrow; October 1893; Concan Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. et Th. In concan meridionali in Canara septentrionali, Dr. Lisboa Comm. 1891.” Distribution. Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Tripidium H. Scholz in Willdenowia 36(2): 664. 2006 Ripidium Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 169. 1820, non Bernh. (1800). Type. Tripidium ravennae (L.) H. Scholz. (Andropogon ravennae L). 1236. Tripidium arundinaceum (Retz.) Welker, Voronts. & E.A. Kellogg, Taxon 68 (2): 255. 2019 Saccharum arundinaceum Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 14. 1786–1787. Type: “Colitur juxta sepes et ad stagnorum margines prope Tranquebar, alibi rarius. Inde misit honor. Koenig. “ Erianthus arundinaceus (Retz.) Jeswiet, Arch. Suikerindustr. Ned. Ned.-Indie 33: 399. 1925 Saccharum procerum sensu Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 106. 1885, non Roxb., 1820 Saccharum arundinaceum var. trichophyllum (Hand.-Mazz.) S.M. Phillips & S.L. Chen, Novon 15(3): 469–470. 2005. [This combination is not made here.] Erianthus griffithii var. trichophyllus Hand.-Mazz., Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 58: 154. 1921 Erianthus trichophyllus (Hand.-Mazz.) Hand.-Mazz., Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Anz. 62: 254. 1926 450 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Welker et al. (2019) suggest that Saccharum arundinaceum var. trichophyllum probably belongs in Tripidium, but have chosen not to make the combination in Tripidium pending additional data. The variety is placed here provisionally. 1237. Tripidium bengalense (Retz.) H. Scholz, Willdenowia 36(2): 664. 2006 Saccharum bengalense Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 16. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Habitat Bengaliae, unde benevole communicavit cel. Koening.” Saccharum ciliare T. Anderson, Ofvers. Forh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 155. 1855. Type: India: Madhya Pradesh?, Balapur; Hugel 877 (W). Erianthus ciliaris (T. Anderson) Jeswiet, Arch. Suikerindustr. Ned. Ned.-Indie 33: 399. 1925 Saccharum munja Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 250. 1820. Type: India: “A native of the countries about Benares, Botanical Gardern, Calcutta.” Erianthus munja (Roxb.) Jeswiet, Arch. Suikerindustr. Ned. Ned.-Indie 33: 399. 1925 Saccharum sara Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 249. 1820. Type: India: “found in the vicinity of Calcutta but rather rare.” Erianthus sara (Roxb.) Rumke, Arch. Suikerindustr. Ned. Ned.-Indie Meded. 2: 223. t. 2. 1934 Saccharum arundinaceum sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 119– 120. 1896, p.p., non Retz., 1786 Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1238. Tripidium procerum (Roxb.) Welker, Voronts. & E.A. Kellogg, Taxon 68(2): 2019 Saccharum procerum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 248. 1820. Type: “A native of Bengal.” Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 451 1239. Tripidium ravennae (L.) H. Scholz, Willdenowia 36(2): 664. 2006 Andropogon ravennae L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1481. 1763. Lectotype: “Habitat in Italia.” Herb. Linn. -77.4. LT designated by S. Cafferty, C.E. Jarvis & N.J. Turland. Taxon 49(2): 246. 2000 Saccharum ravennae (L.) L., Syst. Veg., ed. 13. 88. 1774 Erianthus ravennae (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 14. 162. 1812 Ripidium ravennae (L.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 169. 1820. Type: “Habitat [in Italia.]” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 77.4 (LINN). LT designated by Cope in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 246. 2000. Erianthus elephantinus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 122. 1896. Syntypes: India: Assam; Griffith s.n.(K). India: Assam; Simonds s.n.(K). Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Triplopogon Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 52. 1954 Type. Triplopogon spathiflorus (Hook. f.) Bor (Ischaemum spathiflorum Hook. f.). 1240. Triplopogon ramosissimus (Hack.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 501. 1954 Ischaemum ramosissimum Hack., Monogr. Phan. [A. DC. & C. DC.] 6: 249. 1889. Type: “Asia (Hugel in h. vind, no 1977, sine dubio ex Ind. or.)” India: Bombay; Jacquemont 797 (K). Ischaemum spathiflorum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 138. 1896. Type: India: Bombay, Hills of Salsette Island; Jacquemont no. 797 Sehima spathiflora (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32: 23. 1927 (as “spathiflorum”) Triplopogon spathiflorus (Hook. f.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1954: 54. 1954 Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Tripsacum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759 Lectotype. Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (Coix dactyloides L.). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 124. 1908. 452 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1241. Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759 Coix dactyloides L., Sp. Pl. 2: 972. 1753. Type: “Habitat in America.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1097.1 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 124. 1908. Coix angulata Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768. Coix no. 2. Dactylodes angulatum (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 773. 1891 Ischaemum glabrum Walter, Fl. Carol. 249. 1788. Type: USA: South Carolina, No precise locality cited. Tripsacum monostachyum Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(1): 202. 1805. Type: “Habitat in Carolina meridionali.” Distribution. India [also in Europe, North America]. Native to Central and North America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India not recorded. Likely known only in cultivation. 1242. Tripsacum laxum Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 81. 1909 Tripsacum fasciculatum Trin. ex Asch., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 17:79, adnot. 1875, non (L.) Raspail, 1825. Lectotype: Mexico: Veracruz, Hacienda de la Laguna; 1836; C.J.W. Schiede 947; ILT: US-727179 (fragm. ex LE-TRIN)). LT designated by de Wet et al. Phytologia 33: 208. 1976. Type. Southern Mexico: ‘Hacienda de la Laguna, Mexico.’ Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [also in North America, South America]. Native to the Americas, introduced into India. Habit. Perennial. Vossia Wall. & Griff., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 5: 572. 1836, nom. cons. Type. Vossia procera Wall. & Griff., nom. illeg. (Ischaemum cuspidatum Roxb., Vossia cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff.). 1243. Vossia cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 70, Index 12. 1851 (as “cuspidatum”) Ischaemum cuspidatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 325. 1820. Type: “A native of Bengal, where it is found floating on pools of sweet water and blossoming about the close of the rains in October.” Checklist of the grasses of India 453 Vossia procera Wall. & Griff., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 5: 573. 1836, nom. illeg. superfl. Distribution. Assam, West Bengal [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Zea L., Sp. Pl. 2: 971. 1753 Type. Zea mays L. 1244. Zea mays L., Sp. Pl. 2: 971. 1753 ssp. mays Mays zea Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 6, t. 1. 1789 Zea erythrolepis Bonaf., Hist. Nat. Mais 30. t. 5. 1836. Type: “Le Mais a farle rouge cultive sur les rives du Missouri.” Zea hirta Bonaf., Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 17: 158. 1829 Zea saccharata Sturtev., New York Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 156. 1885. Type: Group name for “Sweet corns.” Zea segetalis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 28. 1796, nom. superf. & illeg. Mays americana Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 281. 1816, nom. superfl. & illeg. Mayzea cerealis Raf., Med. Fl. 2: 241. 1830, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Zea mays Type. “Habitat in America.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 1096.1 (LINN). LT designated by Iltis & Doebley in Amer. J. Bot. 67: 1001. 1980. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh [China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Cultivated; derived from species native to Mexico. Habit. Annual. Subfamily Danthonioideae N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, 2001 Danthonioideae includes 281 species described in the monograph by Linder et al. (2010). As such it is the only grass subfamily to have a complete species-level revision based on up-to-date phylogenetic data. The subfamily has no obvious morphological synapomorphy, although Verboom et al. (1994) have suggested that haustorial synergids may be universally shared and uniquely derived. However, this character is difficult to observe and has only been recorded for a subset of the genera. None of the species has any particular economic importance. Taxonomic editor H. Peter Linder, University of Zurich, Switzerland. 454 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Cortaderia Stapf, Gard. Chron. ser. 3., 22: 378. 1897, nom. cons. Type. Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn. (Arundo selloana Schult. & Schult. f.). 1245. Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 325. 1900 Arundo selloana Schult. & Schult. f., Mant. 3 (Schultes & Schultes f.) Add. i Mant. cl. iii: 605. 1827. Type: Brazil: Monte Video; F. Sellow 316 (B). Gynerium argenteum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 462. 1829. Type: “Habitat in Sebastianopolin et in provincia S. Pauli”; Martius s.n. (B). Uruguay: ad MonteVideo; Sellow 570 (B). Cortaderia argentea (Nees) Stapf, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 22: 396. 1897 Cortaderia dioica Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires ser. 2, 7: 194. 1902 Arundo dioeca Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 361. 1824 (“1825”), non A. dioica Lour., 1790. Type. “Monte Video. Sello [s.n., s.d.].” Distribution. Tamil Nadu; cultivated [China]. Native to South America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. It is unclear whether this species is naturalized anywhere in India. Taxonomic editor Linder comments that Cortaderia dioica and Arundo dioeca are both based on the same type as Arundo selloana. Schismus P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 73. 1812 Lectotype. Schismus marginatus P. Beauv., nom. illeg. (Festuca calycina Loefl., Schismus calycinus (Loefl.) K. Koch). LT designated by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 2: 1075. 1874. 1246. Schismus arabicus Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 422. 1841 Schismus marginatus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 336. 1896, non P. Beauv., 1812 Type. Egypt: Chabba, “In valle Hamme Arabiae pereaeae; March 21, 1835; Schimper 391 (W). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladak [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 455 1247. Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell., Bull. Herb. Boissier Ser. 2. 7: 391. 1907 Festuca barbata L., Demonstr. Pl. 3. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Hispania.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 92.26 (LINN). LT designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 250. 2000. Festuca calycina Loefl., Iter. Hisp. 116. 1758. Type: Not given. Schismus calycinus (Loefl.) K. Koch, Linnaea 21(3): 397. 1848 Schismus brevifolius Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 422. 1841. Type: South Africa: “In monte ad Bokpoort”, alt. 4500 ft.; Drège s.n. (BM). Schismus fasciculatus P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 74. t. 15. f. 4. 177. 1812. Type: “Plante communiqué par M. Persoon et M. Balbis.” Distribution. Northwest India; specific states not recorded [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Tenaxia N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 350. 2010 Type. Tenaxia stricta (Schrad.) N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder (Danthonia stricta Schrad.). 1248. Tenaxia cachemyriana (Jaub. & Spach) N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 352. 2010 Danthonia cachemyriana Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 46. t. 331. 1851. Type: India: Kashmir [“Cachemyriani”]; August, 1831; Jacquemont s.n. (P). Danthonia exilis Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 281. 1896. Type: India: Kashmir, Tilail and Bargil, alt. 9000–11000 ft.; C.B. Clarke 30684 (K). Gurail, alt. 8000–9000 ft.; Duthie 12591 (K). Danthonia schneideri Pilg. var. minor (Hook. f.) Karthik. in S. Karthikeyan et al., Fl. Ind. ser. 4, 1 (Monocotyledon): 204. 1989 Danthonia cachemyriana Jaub. & Spach var. minor Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 282. 1896. Type: India: Sikkim, Yeumting, 12000 ft.; September 2, 1849; Danthonia 2 Herb. R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom (K). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 456 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1249. Tenaxia cumminsii (Hook.f.) N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 352. 2010 Danthonia cumminsii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 282. 1896. Type: Bhutan: Guatong in the Sikkim frontier, alt. 12000 ft.; Cummins s.n. (K). Danthonia schneideri Pilg., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 131. 1921. Type: China: Yunan, Lichiang, alt. 13000 ft.; September, 1914; C. Schneider 2342 (B). Danthonia jacquemontii Bor, Kew Bull. 1952: 80–81. 1952, nom. invalid Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Subfamily Chloridoideae Kunth ex Beilschm., 1833 Plants annual or perennial, rhizomatous, stoloniferous, or caespitose. Leaves, inflorescences, and spikelets variable, with no obvious shared morphological character. Glumes 2, disarticulation above the glumes. Chloridoideae includes over 1700 species, of which all but two (the southern African Ellisochloa papposa and E. rangei) exhibiting C4 photosynthesis and associated radiate chlorenchyma in the leaves (Peterson et al. 2011). Many chloridoids have characteristic microhairs in which the apical cell is enlarged and bulbous (VandenBorre and Watson 1997). Although the subfamily is definitely monophyletic, it is unclear which morphological characters are synapomorphic (Kellogg 2015b). Members of the subfamily are among the most drought-tolerant of the grasses, and a few (e.g. Oropetium spp., Sporobolus stapfianus) are so-called resurrection plants, which are able to dry out almost completely and then resume photosynthesis upon rewatering (VanBuren et al. 2015; Yobi et al. 2017). The subfamily includes few crop species, but Eragrostis tef (tef ) and Eleusine coracana (finger millet) are particularly important in parts of Africa where productivity is critical in the face of drought. A set of phylogenetic studies by Peterson and colleagues (Peterson et al. 2007, 2010a, 2010b, 2011, 2012, 2014a; 2014b, 2015; 2016; Snow and Peterson 2012a, 2012b) has provided considerable insight into the phylogeny and generic limits in this subfamily. Taxonomic editor Paul M. Peterson, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Incertae sedis Indopoa Bor, Kew Bull. 1958: 225. 1958 Type. Indopoa paupercula (Stapf ) Bor ex Ramamoorthy (Tripogon pauperculus Stapf ). Checklist of the grasses of India 457 1250. Indopoa paupercula (Stapf ) Bor ex Ramamoorthy, Fl. Hassan Dist. [Saldanha & Nicolson] 735. 1976 Tripogon pauperculus Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2442. 1896. Type: India: Bombay, Western Ghats; September 20, 1895; G.M. Woodrow s.n. (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Soreng et al. (2017) place this taxon in Chloridoideae, incertae sedis. Myriostachya (Benth.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7: 327. 1896 Eragrostis sect. Myriostachya Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 117. 1881 Type. Myriostachya wightiana (Nees) Hook. f. (Leptochloa wightiana Nees ex Steud.). 1251. Myriostachya wightiana (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 327. 1896 Leptochloa wightiana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 209. 1854. Type: India; Wight s.n. as Dineba verticillata Eragrostis wightiana (Nees) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 117. 1881 Myriostachya wightiana (Nees) Hook. f. var. longispicula Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 328. 1896. Syntypes: MalayPenang; Curtis s.n. Sri Lanka: Kottiyar; Trimen s.n. Myriostachya longispicula (Hook. f.) Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 66. 1956 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Soreng et al. (2017) place this taxon in Chloridoideae incertae sedis. Silentvalleya V.J. Nair, Sreek., Vajr. & Bhargavan, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79: 654. 1983 (“1982”) Type. Silentvalleya nairii V.J. Nair, Sreek., Vajr. & Bhargavan. 458 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1252. Silentvalleya chandwadensis, Gosavi, B.R. Pawar & S.R. Yadav, Kew Bull. 67(3): 545. 2012 Type. India, Maharashtra, Nasik, Chandwad Ghat, 20°20'41.08"N, 74°15'01.07"E, 770 m alt., 10 Oct. 2010, SUK-2997. Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. 1253. Silentvalleya nairii V. J. Nair, Sreek., Vajr. & Bhargavan, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79: 654–657. f. 1. 1983 (“1982”) Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Soreng et al. (2017) place this taxon in Chloridoideae incertae sedis. Tribe Centropodieae P.M. Peterson, N.P. Barker & H.P. Linder, 2011 Plants perennial, caespitose or rhizomatous. Lemma with 9 veins, with hairs tufted, in a transverse row, the apex with two deep lobes, awned from the sinus, the awn straight or geniculate. Centropodia (R. Br.) Rchb., Consp. Regn. Veg. 212a. 1828 Lectotype. Centropodia forskaolii (Vahl) Cope (“forskalii”) (Avena forskaolii Vahl (“forskålei”)). 1254. Centropodia forskaolii (Vahl) Cope, Kew Bull. 37(4): 658. 1983 (“forskalii”) Avena forskaolii Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 25. 1791 (“forskålei”) Asthenatherum forskaolii (Vahl) Nevski, Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 17: 8. 1934 Avena pensylvanica Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 23. 1775, non L., 1753. Type: “In desertis Kahirinis”; Forsskal s.n. (C). Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 459 Tribe Triraphideae P.M. Peterson, 2010 Plants annual or perennial. Leaves with the ligule a fringe of hairs. Lemmas with pubescence on the lateral veins. Neyraudia Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7: 305. 1896 Type. Neyraudia madagascariensis Hook. f., nom. illeg. (Arundo madagascariensis Kunth, nom. illeg.; Donax thuarii P. Beauv.). 1255. Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58: 8. 1929, in obs. Aristida arundinacea L., Mant. Pl. Altera 186. 1771. Type: “Habitat in India orientali. Koenig.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 98.8 (LINN). LT designated by Hubbard in Milne-Redhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 133. 1970. Arundo madagascariensis Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 273. t. 48. 1830. Type: “Crescit in Madagascaria.” Neyraudia madagascariensis (Kunth) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 305. 1896 Distribution. Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1256. Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hitchc., Amer. J. Bot. 21(3): 131. 1934 Arundo reynaudiana Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 275. t. 49. 1830. Type: “Crescit in Pegu. Legit cel Reynaud.” Arundo zollingeri Buse, Pl. Jungh. 343. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java; Zollinger 337, 380 (P). Neyraudia madagascariensis (Kunth) Hook. f. var. zollingeri Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 305. 1896. Type: Sikkim Himalaya, Assam, Bengal, Khasia Hills, Chittagong, Tenasserim, Penang Phragmites zollingeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 196. 1854. Type: Java; Zollinger 337 Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 460 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Tribe Eragrostideae Stapf, 1898 Plants annual or perennial, rhizomatous, stoloniferous, or caespitose. Ligule generally a fringe of hairs but sometimes membranous. Spikelets with 1 to many flowers, the callus often pubescent. Lemma generally glabrous, with 3 veins, although up to 13 veins in a few species, the apex generally entire but occasionally mucronate or awned. Enneapogon Desv. ex P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 81, 161. 1812 Lectotype. Enneapogon desvauxii Desv. ex P. Beauv. LT designated by Hitchcock in U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 772: 83. 1920. 1257. Enneapogon cenchroides (Licht.) C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 119. 1934 Pappophorum cenchroides Licht., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 616. 1817. Type: “Habit in terra coranarum inter Haigarieb et Leeuwenkuil.” South Africa: near Vaal Rivier; Lichtenstein s.n. (B). Enneapogon mollis Lehm., Nov. Stirp. Pug. 3: 40. 1831. Type: “Habitat in Promontorio Bonae Spei, in terrae tractu, qui vocatur Beaufort” South Africa; Ecklon s.n. Pappophorum robustum Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 302. 1896. Type: India: Upper Gangetic plain, Hissar; Drummond 3004, 3007 (K). Distribution. Rajasthan, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Tufted annual, occasionally with a few perennating shoots at the base. 1258. Enneapogon desvauxii P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 82. t. 16 f. 11. 1812 Pappophorum brachystachyum Jaub. & Spach, Fl. Ill. pl. orient. 4:34, t. 324. 1851; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 3. 14: 365. 1851 (“1850”) Enneapogon brachystachyus (Jaub. & Spach) Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 654–655. 1900 Lectotype. P. Beauv., Ess. Agrost. t. 16. f. 11. 1812. LT designated (as type) by Ali Chaudahry, Grass. Saudi Arabia 221. 1989. Distribution. Rajasthan [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual or perennial. 1259. Enneapogon persicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 1(5): 71. 1844 Pappophorum persicum (Boiss.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 200. 1854 Checklist of the grasses of India 461 Pappophorum aucheri Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 32. t. 323. 1851. Type: Persia; Aucher-Eloy 5440 (error for 5430? vide Kew Bull. 22: 400. 1968) (P). Pappophorum turcomanicum Trautv., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 1: 27. 1871. Type: “Ind Turcomania, prope Krasnowodsk (Radde).” Russia: Turkmenistan; Radde s.n. Pappophorum schimperianum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 403. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in collibus siccis prope Adoua, mense Septembre (Schmper).” Ehiopia: Adoua; Schimper 323 (K). Enneapogon schimperanus (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Renvoize, Kew Bull. 22: 400. 1968 Pappophorum elegans Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 199. 1854 Enneapogon elegans (Nees) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 224. 1907 Type. Persia; Aucher-Eloy 5430 (P). Distribution. Rajasthan [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Eragrostis Wolf, Gen. Pl. (Wolf ) 23. 1776 Lectotype. Eragrostis minor Host (Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 15. 1809) (Poa eragrostis L.). LT designated by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 1(2): 1226. 1874–1875. Notes. Taxonomic editors for Eragrostis: Amanda Ingram, Wabash College; P. (Parigi) Venkateswara Prasanna and Alok R. Chorghe. 1260. Eragrostis aspera (Jacq.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 408. 1841 Poa aspera Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 32, t. 56. 1777. Type: India: “Cultivated in Europe with seed from India.” (W). Poa paniculata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 341. 1820. Type: India; Roxburgh s.n. Eragrostis paniculata (Roxb.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 266. 1854 Eragrostis laxiflora Schrad., Linnaea 12: 451. 1838, nom. nud. Type: Drege 4285 (LE). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Malayasia, Sri Lanka, Africa]. Habit. Caespitose annual. 1261. Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 562. 1840 Poa atrovirens Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 73. t. 14. 1798. Type: Algeria: Barbaria, “in arvis incultis prope La Calle”; Desfontaines 160 (FI). 462 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Poa biformis Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 471. t. 149. 1831. Type: “Crescit in Senegambia.” Eragrostis biformis (Kunth) Benth., Niger Fl. 568. 1849 Eragrostis bromoides Jedwabn., Bot. Arch. 5(3–4): 190. 1924, non (Vahl) Steud., 1854. Type: Africa: Sudan Central, “In paludibus flum. Bailli”; Chevalier no. 8588 Eragrostis atroviridis Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28(6): 385. 1937, nom. superfl. & illegit. for Poa atrovirens Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Africa]. Habit. Perennial. 1262. Eragrostis burmanica Bor, Kew Bull. 6(2): 166. 1951 Type. Myanmar: Prome District, 20 July 1948, U. Thein Lwin 582 (K) Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1263. Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch., Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien 5(9): 110. 1907 Poa cilianensis All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 246, t. 91, f. 2. 1785. Type: “In agro patrio Ciliani legit Cl. Bellardi.” Lectotype: Italy: Ciliani; Bellardi s.n. (TO-8242 (photo, K)). LT designated by Vignolo, Malpighia 18: 380. 1904. Briza eragrostis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 70. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi ad agrorum versuras.” Lectotype: Herb. Burser I: 10 (UPS). LT designated by Clayton in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 232. 1974. Eragrostis eragrostis (L.) MacMill., Metasp. Minnesota Valley 75. 1892, nom. invalid. Megastachya eragrostis (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 584. 1817 Eragrostis costata F. Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 30: 91. 1905. Type: Australia: New South Wales, Breeza Plains, Werris Creek, Namoi River and near Tomworth; Fred Turner s.n. Eragrostis flexuosa Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 266. 1854. Type: India; Roxburgh Icon. 341 Eragrostis megastachya (Koeler) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 187. 1827 Eragrostis megastachya (Koeler) Link var. cilianensis (All.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 371. 1900 [This combination is not made here.] Eragrostis minor Host var. major Beck, Fl. Nieder-Osterreich 1: 88. 1890 Checklist of the grasses of India 463 Eragrostis poaeoides P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. var. megastachya A. Gray, Manual (Gray), ed. 2. 563. 1856 Eragrostis minor Host var. megastachya (A. Gray) Burtt Davy, Fl. W. Calif. 60. 1901 Eragrostis polymorpha Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 575. 1817 Eragrostis schweinfurthiana Jedwabn., Bot. Arch. 5: 194. 1924. Type: “Orae nubicae, in montibus Ssoturba, Gebel Schettoi; Schweinfurth 1492” Eragrostis starosselskyi Grossh., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4: 18. 1923. Syntypes: TranscaucPr. Tiflis; July 20, 1921; Karajazy s.n. July 20, 1922; V. Starosselsky s.n. Turkestania: Buchara; N. Troitzky s.n. Eragrostis vulgaris Coss. & Germ. var. megastachya Coss. & Germ., Fl. Env. Paris 2: 641. 1845 Eragrostis vulgaris Coss. & Germ. ssp. major Rouy, Fl. France (Rouy) 14: 262. 1913 Eragrostis major Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 14. t. 24. 1809 Erosion ciliare Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 221. 1915. Type: Based on Poa cilianensis All. Megastachya oblonga (Moench) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 167, 175. 1812 Poa cachectica Schumach., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk. Math. Afh. 3: 86. 1827. Type: Guinea; Thonning s.n. Poa eragrostis (L.) Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 103. 1804, non L., 1753 Poa roxburghiana Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 314. 1824. Type: India; Roxburgh s.n. Poa tortuosa Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 345. 1824 (“1825”). Type: India orientalis Poa flexuosa Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 340. 1820, non Sm., 1800 Poa megastachya Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 181. 1802, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Briza eragrostis Poa oblonga Baumg., Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 238. 1817, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Briza eragrostis Poa polymorpha J. Koenig ex Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 194. 1803, non Wibel, 1799 Briza oblonga Moench, Methodus (Moench) 185. 1794, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Briza eragrostis Eragrostis articulata De Wild., Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 6: 58. t. 2. 1919, non (Schrank) Nees, 1829 Briza megastachya Hort. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 585. 1817, in syn. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China]. Naturalized; native to Europe. Habit. Annual. 464 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1264. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br., Observ. Congo 59. 1818; in Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire 478. 1818 var. ciliaris Poa ciliaris L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 875. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in Jamaica.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 102. 1762” Lectotype: Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 87.66 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 12: 121. 1908. Cynodon ciliaris (L.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 302. 1825 Megastachya ciliaris (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 167, 174. 1812 Poa boryana Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 1: 109. 1809. Type: “Habitat in insula Borboniae et Mauritii; Bory do St. Vincent.” Eragrostis boryana (Willd.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 562. 1840 Megastachya boryana (Willd.) Roem. & Schult, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 592. 1817. Poa lepida A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 424. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit ad Pagum Ailet in Provincia Medat, mense Martio (Schimper). Eragrostis lepida (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 269. 1854. Eragrostis pulchella Parl., Atti Congr. Sci. Ital. 8: 586. 1846. Type: “Hab. in insula S. jacobi, valle S. doninici (J.D. Hooker no. 81, November, 1839).” Poa amboinica L., Mant. Pl. 557. 1771. Type: Habitat in India. Eragrostis lobata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 396. 1830, nom superfl. & illeg. for Poa cylindrica Roxb. Type: Africa: Mauritius Island, “V spp. Guin, Ins. Franc.” Eragrostis villosa Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 137. 1820, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Poa ciliaris L. Eragrostis ciliaris sensu Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 314. 1896 var. ciliaris, non (L) Link, 1827 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China]. Habit. Annual. 1265. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. var. brachystachya Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 582. 1884 Type. “Hab. in arenosis littoris Egyptiaco-Arabici inter Kosseir et Ras Benass; Schv. 1091. Belutschia; J.E. Stocks s.n. Distribution. Punjab, Rajasthan [Egypt]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 465 1266. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. var. clarkei Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 315. 1896 Distribution. Delhi, Rajasthan. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Peterson questioned which characters are used to recognize this taxon. 1267. Eragrostis ciliata (Roxb.) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 512. 1829, in obs. (as “Eragrostin ciliatam”) [No reference to basionym] Poa ciliata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 336. 1820. Type: Generally found in poor dry soil. Megastachya rupestris Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 592. 1817. Type: India orientalis; B. Heyne s.n. Eragrostis rupestris (Roem. & Schult.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 265. 1854 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1268. Eragrostis coarctata Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 313. 1896 Type. India: Upper Gangetic Plain, Moradabad; Thomson s.n. Sikkim, Behar, Chittagong, Arracan and Myanmar. Central Provinces & Chota Nagpore; Clarke s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1269. Eragrostis collinensis Vivek, G.V.S. Murthy & V.J. Nair, Indian J. Forest. 36(3): 401. 2013 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri District, Avalanche, 1925 m 14 October 1972, K. Vivekanandan 42951 (holo: CAL; iso: MH). Distribution. Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 466 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1270. Eragrostis cumingii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 266. 1854 Eragrostis distans Hack., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35: 81. 1906 (“1905”). Type: Philippines: Kias, Benguet, Luzon; June, 1904; Elmer 6608 Type. Philippines; Cuming Herb. no. 672 & 1104. Distribution. Kerala [China, Myanmar]. Naturalized; native to Australia. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record from Kerala fide Naithani (1990). 1271. Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 397. 1841 Poa curvula Schrad., Gött. Gel. Anz. 3: 2073. 1821. Type: South Africa: Cape Province, Cape of Good Hope; Hesse s.n. in Herb. Trinius 2327.1 (2327.3?) (holo PH?; LE, iso, microfiche IDC BT-16/1). Distribution. Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan]. Naturalized; native to southern Africa. Habit. Perennial. 1272. Eragrostis deccanensis Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 507. 1960 Eragrostis phleoides Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 313. 1896, non Hillebr., 1888 Eragrostis spicata (Heyne ex Stapf ) Jedwabn., Bot. Arch. 5: 185. 1924, non Vasey, 1891 Type. India: Madras; Narayanaswami 3027. Madras; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5015. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1273. Eragrostis diplachnoides Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 268. 1854 Eragrostis interrupta P. Beauv. var. diplachnoides (Steud.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 316. 1896 Type. Egypt: Nubia; Hochstetter Herb. no. 346. Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Bangladesh, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 467 1274. Eragrostis ferruginea (Thunb.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 71, 162, 174. 1812 Poa ferruginea Thunb., in J. A. Murray, Syst. veg. ed. 14: 114. 1784. Type: Japan; Thunberg s.n. (UPS). Distribution. Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1275. Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 266. 1854 Poa gangetica Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 341. 1820. Type: India: on the banks of the Ganges; Roxburgh s.n. Eragrostis stenophylla Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 39. 1851, p.p. Type: India: Mangalor; Metz no. 664 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1276. Eragrostis henryi Vivek, G.V.S. Murthy & V.J. Nair, Nelumbo 54: 10. 2012. Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari district, Near Anjugramam, 25 m a.m.s.l., 27 March 1979, A. N. Henry 6156 (holotype CAL, isotypes: MH. Distribution. Tamil Nadu (Kanyakumari). Habit. Not reported. 1277. Eragrostis jainii Vivek, G.V.S. Murthy & V. J. Nair in Nelumbo55: 1. 2013. Type. India: Kerala, Kannur District, Manjeshwar, 100 m, 13 October 1979, R. Ansari 64888 (holotype: CAL, isotype: MH). Distribution. Kerala and Karnataka. Habit. Annual or short-lived perennial. 1278. Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 405. 1830 Poa japonica Thunb., in J. A. Murray, Syst. veg. ed. 14: 114. 1784. Type: Japan: Kosido, near Nagasaki; Thunberg s.n. (UPS). 468 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Poa diarrhena Schult. & Schult. f., Mant. 3 (Schultes & Schultes f.) Add. i Mant. cl. iii: 616. 1827. Type: ‘Mant. II. p. 315. n. 100 a.’ ‘In Bengalia’. Eragrostis diarrhena (Schult. & Schult. f ) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 266. 1854. Type: India: Bengal Eragrostis interrupta P. Beauv. var. tenuissima Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 316. 1896 Poa tenellula Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 113. 1829. Type: India orientalis. Eragrostis tenellula (Kunth) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 279. 1854 Poa tenella sensu R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 181. 1810, non L., 1753 Eragrostis tenuissima Schrad. ex Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 409. 1841, nom. nud. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual or short-lived perennial. 1279. Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 402. 1841 var. lehmanniana Type. “Ad rupes nudas prope Slengerfontein in collibus ad Nieuwe Hantom, alt. 4000–5000 ft.; Feb; Drège s.n.”. Distribution. India; states not recorded [also in Africa, Mexico]. Introduced but not truly naturalized; native to southern Africa. Habit. Perennial. 1280. Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees var. chaunantha (Pilg.) de Winter, Grass. Pastures South Africa 147. 1955 Eragrostis chaunantha Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 84. 1907. Type: Africa: Kalahari “Zwischen Kokong und Kang”; December 1904; Schultze 290 Distribution. India; states not recorded [also in Africa]. Introduced but not truly naturalized; native to southern Africa. Habit. Perennial. 1281. Eragrostis macilenta (A. Rich.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 268. 1854 Poa macilenta A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 428. 1850–1851. Type: Abyssinie: Trigre, Adua; Quartin-Dillon et Petit s.n. (P). Checklist of the grasses of India 469 Distribution. Tamil Nadu [also in the Middle East, Africa]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record from Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1282. Eragrostis maderaspatana Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 509. 1960 Eragrostis willdenoviana Nees ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 322. 1896, non Nees ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 252. 1838. Syntypes: India: Mysore; Rottler s.n., Heyne s.n. Dindygul; Wight s.n. Sri Lanka; Trincomalee; Glemie Ceylon Plant 3944 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1283. Eragrostis minor Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 15. 1809) (as “Eragrostin minorem”) Poa eragrostis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Italia supra muros. D. Baeck.” Lectotype: Baeck 7, Herb. Linn. No. 87.23 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 234. 1974. Eragrostis poaeoides P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 162 1812, nom. nud. Eragrostis multiflora (Roxb.) Trin. var. pappiana Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(1): 65. 1903. Syntypes: Africa: Ethiopia, Samhar, Saati; March 8, 1892; Terracciano & Pappi 2868, 2869 (P). Emberemi; March 28, 1892; Pappi nn. 1190 & 1566 Eragrostis pappiana (Chiov.) Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 371. 1908 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China]. Naturalized; native to Europe. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records from Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990). 1284. Eragrostis multicaulis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 426. 1854 Eragrostis damiensiana (Bonnet) Thell., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 323. 1928 Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. damiensiana Bonnet, Naturaliste 3: 412. 1881. Type: “France: Paris: dans la cour du ministere de la Guerre”; M. Damiens s.n. Eragrostis peregrina Wiegand, Rhodora 19: 95. 1917, nom. & stat. nov. 470 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. condensata Hack., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 7: 13. 1902 (“1901”). Type: Germany: Karlsurhe, Baden-Wurttemberg, alt. 400 ft.; July 17, 1900; A. Kneucker no. 115 (BAA-1072). Glyceria airoides Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 287, 426. 1854, non (Koeler) Rchb., 1829 [Name emended] Lectotype. Japan; Burger s.n. (L-908.97-2116). LT designated by Veldkamp in Blumea 47(1): 181. 2002. Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttarakhand [China]. Habit. Annual. 1285. Eragrostis nigra Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 267. 1854 Eragrostis atropurpurea Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 267. 1854. Type: India; R. F. Hohenacker Herb. no. 938 Eragrostis paniculata sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 373. 1864, non (Roxb.) Steud., 1854 Type. Peninsular India. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1286. Eragrostis nilgiriensis Vivek., Murthy & V.J. Nair, Nordic Journal of Botany 31(6): 700. 2013 Type. India. Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri district, Coonoor (10o20’37.13” N, 76o47’40.98” E) 1700 m asl., 22 Oct 2011, C. P Vivek 126153 (CAL). Isotypes: MH. Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Not recorded. 1287. Eragrostis nutans (Retz.) Nees ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 563. 1840 Poa nutans Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 19. 1786–1787. Type: “E Tranquebaria misit cel Koenig, ubi ad margines agrorum et in agris oryza ceis minus submerses sat frequens esse scripsit.” India: Tranquebaria; Koenig s.n. (BM). Poa chariis Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 314. 1824. Type: India; Roxburgh s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 471 Eragrostis chariis (Schult.) Hitchc., Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 193. 1931 Poa elegantula Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 114. 1829 Eragrostis elegantula (Kunth) Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 266. 1854 Eragrostis stenophylla sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 318. 1896, p.p., non Hochst. Ex Miq., 1851 Poa elegans Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 339. 1820, non Poir., 1804 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1288. Eragrostis paniciformis (A. Braun) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 268. 1854. Poa paniciformis A. Braun, Flora 24: 274, 1841. Type: Ethiopia: 1841, A. Braun s. n. (lectotype K). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1289. Eragrostis papposa (Roem. & Schult.) Duf. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 564. 1840 Megastachya papposa Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 585. 1817. Type: “In monte Saguntino regni Valentiae Confer Scheuchz. Gram p. 192. Dufour.” Spain: Sagunto; Dufour s.n. (NTM). Eragrostis speirostachya Coss. & Dur., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 47. 1860. Type: not given. Poa papposa Duf. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 585. 1817, nom. nud., pro. syn. Eragrostis verticillata sensu Coss. ex Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner]. 2(1): 370. 1900, non (Cav.) P. Beauv., 1812 Eragrostis rigidifolia Hochst. ex Engl., Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891: 134. 1892, nom. nud. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual to short lived-perennial. 472 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1290. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 175. 1812 Poa pilosa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Italia.” Lectotype = “Gramen paniculis elegantissimis, majus, locustis purpureo-spadiceis, minoribus” in Scheuchzer, Agrostographia, 193. t. 4. f. 3. 1719. LT designated by Du Puy et al. in George et al. (ed.), Fl. Australia 50: 472. 1992. Epitype: Italy. an Wegen zwischen den Reisfeldern von Oldenico unweit Vercelli in Oberitalien; August 1–10, 1902; A. Kneucker, Gram. Exsicc. XII, No. 344 (B). Epitype designated by Scholz in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 256. 2000. Eragrostis filiformis Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 191. 1827. Type: “Habitat in America boreali.” Poa linkii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 113. 1829 Eragrostis linkii (Kunth) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 273–274. 1854 Eragrostis tenuiflora Rupr. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 268. 1854. Type: “Sennaar Nubiae. Hrbr. Fl. aeth. Kotsch nr. 185” Poa senegalensis Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 100. 1831, Hort.Par. ex Desf., 1829 (vide IPNI). Type: “Habitat in Africa.” Eragrostis senegalensis sensu Chev., Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 14: 120. 1934, non Nees, 1834 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1291. Eragrostis plana Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 390. 1841 Type. “Ad flumen prope Kachu et Zandplaat alt. 1500 ft., inter Geckau et Basche alt. 1500–2000.” Drege s.n. Distribution. India [China]. Naturalized; native to southern Africa. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. The report of this species for India is dubious; documentation is lacking. 1292. Eragrostis riparia (Willd.) Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2(1): 512. 1829 Poa riparia Willd., Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 185. 1803. Type: India: Madras Megastachya riparia (Willd.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 593. 1817 Checklist of the grasses of India 473 Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. var. riparia (Willd.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 315. 1896 Eragrostis plumosa (Retz.) Link var. maritima Thwaites ex Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 109. 1885, nom. nud. (cited C.P. 3944 only) Poa amboinica sensu Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 20. 1786–1787, non L., 1771 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual or short-lived perennial. 1293. Eragrostis robusta Stent, Bothalia 2(1b): 288. 1927 Eragrostis valida Stent, Bothalia 1(3): 172. 1923, non Pilg., 1916. Type: Maritzburg: Natal, Angus 2 (Govt. Herb. 13862) Type. ‘The Maritzburg, Natal Angus 2’ (Govt. Herb. 13862.). Distribution. India [also in Africa]. Naturalized; native to southern Africa. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. The report of this species for India is dubious; documentation is lacking. Taxonomic editor Ingram notes that this taxon is not included by Clayton et al. (2006 onwards), suggesting that it should probably be placed in synonymy. 1294. Eragrostis rottleri Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 321. 1896 Syntypes. The Carnatio, Tranquebar; Heyne s.n., Rottler s.n. as Poa pauciflora & Eragrostis viscosa; Wight s.n. Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 1295. Eragrostis santapaui K.G. Bhat & Nagendran, Reinwardtia 10(2): 127, f. 1. 1985 Type. India: Karnataka State, Coorg District, Mercara, growing in moist soil; December 18, 1980; K.G. Bhat 794 A (CAL). Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Annual. 474 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1296. Eragrostis schweinfurthii Chiov., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8(3): 368– 369. 1908 var. schweinfurthii Syntypes. Eritrea: Ocule Cusai, bosco dell’Assare presso Halai, alt. 8000 ft.; September 30, 1902; Pappi 1961 (FT). Eritrea: gruppo dei monti Soyrá, mt. Mamahot verso il torrente Arigot, 8500–9200 ft.; August 23,1902; Pappi 1245. Distribution. Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual or short-lived perennial. 1297. Eragrostis schweinfurthii Chiov. var. kiwuensis (Jedwabn.) S. M. Phillips, Kew Bull. 42(4): 930. 1987 Eragrostis kiwuensis Jedwabn., Bot. Arch. 5: 206. 1924. Type: “Africa orientalis tropi., Kiwu, ad Karisimbi”; Mildbraed 1784 Distribution. Tamil Nadu [also in the Middle East, Africa]. Habit. Not reported. 1298. Eragrostis subsecunda (Lam.) E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 118. 1886 Poa subsecunda Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 184. 1791. Type: China. Distribution. Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1299. Eragrostis superba Peyr., Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 38: 584. 1860 Type. Africa: Angola, “in locis umbrosis prope Benguela ac Loanda”; H. Wawra 244 (W). Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan]. Naturalized; native to tropical Africa. Habit. Perennial. 1300. Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter, Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1918(1): 62. 1918, in obs. Poa tef Zucc., Diss. Ditef [unpaged]. 1775. Type: “cultivated at botanical garden in Florence, Italy from seed collected in “Abyssinia”; naturalized in the New World (Brazil), Ethiopia (Northeast Tropical Africa, Africa) “ (FI). Poa abyssinica Jacq., Misc. Austriac. 2: 364. 1781. Type: Abyssinia. Checklist of the grasses of India 475 Eragrostis abyssinica (Jacq.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 192. 1827 (as “abessinica”) Distribution. Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America]. Naturalized; native to tropical East Africa. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records from Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1301. Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 576. 1817 var. tenella Poa tenella L., Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 87.33 (LINN). LT designated by Mitra & Jain in Manilal (ed.), Bot. Hist. Hort. Malabaricus 151. 1980. Megastachya tenella (L.) Bojer, Hortus Maurit. 369. 1837 Poa amabilis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Hermann 2: 59, No. 46 (BM-000621703). LT designated by Veldkamp in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 254. 2000. Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn., Cat. Indian Pl. [pt. 2]: 105, no. 1777. 1834 Poa plumosa Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 20. 1786–1787. Type: “E. Tranquebaria misit amicis Koenig.” India: Tranquebaria; Koenig in herb. Retzius 378 (LD). Eragrostis plumosa (Retz.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 192. 1827 Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. var. plumosa (Retz.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 315. 1896 Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Sri Lanka, Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Ingram notes that the name Eragrostis amabilis is used fairly commonly for this taxon, but E. tenella is the correct name. See also Peterson et al. (2018), who also suggest using E. tenella. 1302. Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. var. breviculmis Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 316. 1896 Type. India: Punjab, Behar. Distribution. Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Maharashtra, Punjab [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 476 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1303. Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. var. insularis C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 654. 1939 Type. Mauritius: Moka; Vaughan 1937. Distribution. Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Bangladesh]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Maharashtra and Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990). 1304. Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 268. 1854 Poa tenuifolia A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 425. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in montosis provinciae Chire mense Octobre (Quartin Dillon), et in locis incultis valium prope Adoua mense Septembre (Schimper). Lectotype: Ethiopia: Adoam; January 1837 [September 18, 1837]; Schimper 92 (P). LT designated by S. Phillips in Fl. Ethiopia 7: 122. 1995. Eragrostis parviglumis Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 267. 1854. Type: India: Nilagiri; Hochstetter no. 936 Eragrostis collocarpa K. Schum in Engler, Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 114. 1895. Type. “Holst n. 54, 3228, 8923). – Auf trockenen Grasplatzen und im gelichteten Hochwalde.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1305. Eragrostis tremula Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 269. 1854 Poa tremula Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 185. 1791. Type: “E. Senegal, D. Roussillon. “Africa: Senegal; Roussillon s.n. (P-LAM). Eragrostis rhachitricha Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 37. 1851. Type: India: Manglore; Metz no. 280 Poa multiflora Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 340. 1820, non Forssk., 1775. Type: India: “It is found on dry elevated places.” Eragrostis multiflora Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1(4): 401. 1830 Eragrostis lamarckii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 269. 1854, nom. nov. for Poa tremula, non E. tremula. Checklist of the grasses of India 477 Type. Nubia; Hochstetter Hrbr. un. it. no. 6. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1306. Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Alph. Wood, Class-book Bot. (ed. 1861). 796. 1861 Poa trichodes Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 5: 146. 1835. Type: USA: Arkansas Territory, in brushy prairies and open alluvial lands; Nuttall s.n. (PH). Eragrostis capillacea Jedwabn., Bot. Arch. 5: 196. 1924. Type: “Americae sept. Civit. Unitae, Nebraska centr., ad Plumer Ford, Dismal River, Thomas Co.; Rydberg 1832” Eragrostis tenuis A. Gray, Manual (Gray), ed. 6. 661. 1890, non Steud., 1854 Distribution. India [also in North America]. Naturalized; native to North America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. The report of this species for India is dubious; documentation is lacking. 1307. Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 264. 1854 var. unioloides Poa unioloides Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 19. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Communicavit Honor Koenig.” India; Koenig s.n. (LD). Poa rubens Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 184. t. 45. f. 2. 1791. Type: “Ex India. Sonner. An. P. Amabilis.” India: Mangalore; Sonnerat s.n. (P-LAM?). Eragrostis rubens (Lam.) Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 38. 1851 Eragrostis amabilis sensu Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 317. 1896, non Wight & Arn. ex Nees, 1838 (excluding syn Poa amabilis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753) Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual or short-lived perennial. 478 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1308. Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees var. tremula Jacob, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 47: 51. 1947 Type. India: Travancore, Tiruvalla, alt. 100 ft.; K.C. Jacob s.n. (MH-86288). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual or perennial. Remarks. Record for Kerala fide Naithani (1990). 1309. Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1(4): 397. 1830 Poa viscosa Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 20. 1786–1787. Type: “In glareosis aridis Malabariae minus frequens tempore calido viget. Cl. Koening.” India: Malabar; Koenig s.n. (LD). Eragrostis mangalorica Hochst. ex Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 38. 1851. Type: India, Karnataka, Mangalore; R.F. Hohenacker Herb. Metz no. 262 Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. var. viscosa (Retz.) Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 315. 1896 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1310. Eragrostis zeylanica Nees, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., Suppl. 19(1): 204. 1843 Eragrostis elongata sensu Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 319. 1896, non Jacq., 1813 Type. “In Ceylona, Macrae, Julio 1829 (Herb. Lindl. et Arnott.)” Sri Lanka; July 1829; Macrae s.n. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 479 Tribe Zoysieae Benth., 1881 Ligule generally a fringe of hairs. Spikelets laterally compressed, with a single flower. Lower glume absent, or with no veins, or with only one vein. Lemma with one vein, awnless. Pericarp free from seed coat. Note that the genera Spartina and Crypsis are derived from within Sporobolus so the two are combined here, following the work of Peterson et al. (2014b, 2014c). Sporobolus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 169. 1810 Lectotype. Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. (Agrostis indica L.). LT designated by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 2: 1247. 1874. 1311. Sporobolus africanus (Poir.) A. Robyns & Tournay, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 25: 242. 1955 Agrostis africana Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 1. 254. 1810. Type: South Africa: Cape Province; Thunberg s.n. (UPS). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to Africa, Arabia. Habit. Perennial. 1312. Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr., Pacific Railr. Rep. 7, Pt. 3 (Parkes) 7: 21. 1856 Agrostis airoides Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1(1): 151–152. 1824. Type: “Hab. on the branches of the Arkansas, near Rocky Mountains.” USA: Colorado, headwaters of the Arkansas River; E. James s.n. (NY-327612). Vilfa airoides (Torr.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 766. 1841 Sporobolus diffusissimus Buckl., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1862: 90. 1862. Type: USA: Texas, Western Texas; Wright 726 Distribution. Rajasthan [also in North America]. Naturalized; native to North America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Locality in India fide Naithani (1990). 1313. Sporobolus alterniflorus (Loisel.) P. M. Peterson & Saarela, Taxon 63(6): 1236. 2014 Spartina alterniflora Loisel., Fl. Gall. 719. 1807. Type: “Habitat circa Baionam, in pascuis limosis ad ripas Aturi.” 480 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra [China]. Naturalized; native to North America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). 1314. Sporobolus capillaris Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 37. 1851 Sporobolus scabrifolius Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n.s., 8: 312. 1912 Type. India: “Habitat in Peninsula Indiae orientalis”; R. Wight s.n. (Glasgow 3309). Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1315. Sporobolus coromandelianus (Retz.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 68. 1829 Agrostis coromandeliana Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 19. 1786–1787. Type: “In aridis duris Malabariae legit indefessis Koenig.” India: Malabar, Naguhr, propre Sammelliota; 1782; C.D.E. Koenig s.n. (LD). Vilfa coromandeliana (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16: 147. 1812 Vilfa commutata Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1: t. 10. 1823. Type: “V. sp. Ind. Or.” Klein ex Stephan ex Wildenow in Herb Trinius; November 15, 1799; India: Madras: Red Hills (LE). Sporobolus commutatus (Trin.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 214. 1833 Vilfa roxburghii Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5: 59. 1839, nom. invalid, cited as synonym of Vilfa commutata Vilfa roxburghiana Nees ex Wight., Cat. no. 1742. 1834, nom. nud. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1316. Sporobolus diandrus (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 26, 147, 178. 1812 Agrostis diandra Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 19. 1788 (“1789”). Type: “Missit cel. Koenig sub nominee Cinnae.” India; J. Koenig s.n. (LD). Checklist of the grasses of India 481 Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. diandrus (Retz.) Jovet & Guedes, Taxon 22(1): 163. 1973 (as “diander”) Vilfa erosa Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5(2): 86. 1839. Type: Sri Lanka; Koenig s.n. (LE-TRIN-1698.01). LT designated by Baaijens & Veldkamp in Blumea 35: 434. 1991. Vilfa retzii Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 768. 1841 Sporobolus diandrus (Retz.) P. Beauv. var. major Buse, Pl. Jungh. 3: 343. 1854. Type: Java: Cibogo; June; Junghuhn s.n. (L-903.342-96). Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. major (Buse) Baaijens, Blumea 35(2): 437. 1991 Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1317. Sporobolus fertilis (Steud.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 19: 291. 1965 Agrostis fertilis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 170. 1854. Type: “Ex Hrbo. Musei Logd. Bat. Japonia.” Lectotype: Japan; Burger s.n. (L-908.97-171). LT designated by Baaijens & Veldkamp in Blumea 35: 437. 1991. Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. fertilis (Steud.) Jovet & Guedes, Taxon 22: 163. 1973 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1318. Sporobolus festivus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 398. 1850–1851 Syntypes. “Crescit in ripis rivuli Mariam-Chawisto, mense November; Quartin Dillon.” Ethiopia: prope Tchelatcheranne July 31, 1840; G.H.W. Schimper s.n. (P). Ethiopia: in campis prope Avar Semmaka in provincia Chire; Quartin Dillon s.n. (P). Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra [Africa]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Maharashtra fide Naithani (1990). 1319. Sporobolus fimbriatus (Nees ex Trin.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 156. 1841 Vilfa fimbriata Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 4(1–2): 69. 1840. Type: South Africa: Cape 482 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. India [Africa]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. The report of this species for India is dubious; documentation is lacking. 1320. Sporobolus hajrae P. Umam. & P. Daniel, Nordic J. Bot. 18(5): 577. 1998 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Chidambaranar District, Veppalodai seacoast, c. 25km from Tuticorin; July 30, 1995; P. Daniel; P. Umamaheswari 103594 (CAL). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 1321. Sporobolus helvolus (Trin.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 820. 1894 (“1895”) (as “helvola”) Vilfa helvola Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 4(2): 52. 1840. Syntypes: Saudia Arabia: Wadi Diara, Habessin, in siccis; Ehrenberg s.n. (LE). Senegal; Leprieur s.n. (LE). Senegal; Lelievre s.n. (LE). Vilfa glaucifolia Hochst. ex Steud, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 154. 1854. Type: Africa: Sudan: Nubia, Kordovan, Arasch-Cool; September 30, 1839; Kotschy 74 (WAG). Sporobolus glaucifolius (Hochst. ex Steud.) Hochst. ex T. Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. [T.A. Durand & H. Schinz] 5: 820. 1894 (“1895”) Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1322. Sporobolus humilis Presl ssp. minor Veldkamp, Blumea 35: 420. 1991 Vilfa geniculata Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 156. 1854. Type: India: Madras Sporobolus geniculatus (Nees) Aitch., Cat. Punjab Pl. 165. 1869 Sporobolus tremulus auct. non Kunth: Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 67. 1829 Type. India: Madras, not indicated (P, holo, not found). Distribution. Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1323. Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 170. 1810 var. indicus Agrostis indica L., Sp. Pl. 63. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Clayton 460b, Herb. Linn. No. 84.36 (LINN). LT designated by Baaijens & Veldkamp in Blumea 35: 422. 1991. Checklist of the grasses of India 483 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura [Myanmar, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1324. Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. flaccidus (Roem. & Schult.) Veldkamp, Blumea 35(2): 433. 1991 Agrostis elongata (R. Br.) Roth var. flaccida Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 368. 1817. Type: India; Roth 80 β Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1325. Sporobolus ioclados (Nees ex Trin.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 161. 1841 Vilfa ioclados Nees ex Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 4(2): 65. 1840. Type: South Africa: Cape; Drége & Wonderhuivel s.n. (LE). Sporobolus marginatus Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 397. 1850–1851. Syntypes: Ethiopia: in valle lata Meda; April; G.H.W. Schimper s.n. (L). “Crescit in provincia Chiré”; Quartin Dillon s.n. et in valle lata Meda mense Aprili; Schimper s.n. Sporobolus arabicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 13: 47. 1854. Type: “Hab. in aridis Arabiae prope Mascate Aucher no. 5425.” Saudi Arabia: Muscat, desert; AucherEloy 5425 Distribution. Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan, Africa]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 1326. Sporobolus maderaspatanus Bor, Kew Bull. 1957: 234. 1957 Type. India: Madras, Guntur District; October 22, 1902; C.A. Barber 4720 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 484 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1327. Sporobolus piliferus (Trin.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 211. 1833 Vilfa pilifera Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 157. 1824. Type: “V. spp. Nepal.” Lectotype: Nepal, Wallich 3774 (LE). LT designated by Baaijens & Veldkamp in Blumea 35: 441. 1991. Sporobolus stachyanthus A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 394. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in montosis planitiei provinciae Chire, mense Octobre; Quartin Dillon s.n.” Triachyrum nilagiricum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 176. 1854. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilagiri Mountain; 1851; Hohenacker 931 Sporobolus ciliatus Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 251. 1896, nom. nud. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 1328. Sporobolus schoenoides (L.) P. M. Peterson, Taxon 63(6): 1234. 2014 Phleum schoenoides L., Sp. Pl. 1: 60. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Italia, Smyrna, inque Hispania. Loefling.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 81.7 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 353. 1974. Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 166. t. 42. f. 1. 1791 Heleochloa schoenoides (L.) Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 1: 23. t. 30. 1801 Distribution. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan [Afghanistan, China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 1329. Sporobolus spicatus (Vahl) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 67. 1829 Agrostis spicata Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 1: 9. 1790. Type: Egypt; Forsskal s.n. (C). Vilfa spicata P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16, 147, 182. 1812, nom. nud. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa]. Habit. Perennial. 1330. Sporobolus tenuissimus (Schrank) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 369. 1898 Panicum tenuissimum Schrank, Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 2: 26. 1822. Type: “Brasilien, Hr. Dr. Martius” “Pflege: in warmen Hause.” Checklist of the grasses of India 485 Sporobolus mangaloricus Miq., Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam ser. 3, 4: 36. 1851. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Canara, near Mangalore; 1847; Hochstetter 137 (U). Vilfa mangalorica (Miq.) Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 159. 1854. Vilfa minutiflora Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 158. 1824. Type: cultivated in Leningrad from seeds collected in Brazil; Martius s.n. (LE-TRIN-1718.01). Sporobolus minutiflorus (Trin.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 88. 1827 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China]. Naturalized; native to tropical America. Habit. Annual. 1331. Sporobolus tetragonus Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 251. 1949 Sporobolus pulchellus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 252. 1896, non R. Br., 1810 Type. Siam, Kanburi; A.F. G. Kerr 19762 (K). Distribution. Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra [Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. 1332. Sporobolus tourneuxii Coss., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 250. 1889 Sporobolus sindicus Stapf ex T. Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: 1018. 1908. Type: Pakistan: Sind, Dadu District, Thano Bula Khan to Kotri; Woodrow s.n. (K). Type. Algeria: Tunetia, desert; 1884; Letourneux s.n. (K). Distribution. Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1333. Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 67. 1829 Agrostis virginica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 63. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Virginia.” Lectotype: Clayton 507, Herb. Linn. No. 84.30 (LINN). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 119. 1908. Crypsis virginica (L.) Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 49. 1818 Podosemum virginicum (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 85. 1827 Vilfa virginica (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16, 149, 182. 1812 Agrostis littoralis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 161. 1791. Type: “America merid., Communic. a D. Richard.” Lectotype: Antilles: Virgin Islands: bayis Trium insularum Dan- 486 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) arum; May 1787; L.C.M. Richard s.n.(P). LT designated by Baaijens & Veldkamp in Blumea 35: 446. 1991. Sporobolus littoralis (Lam.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 68. 1829 Vilfa littoralis (Lam.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16: 147, 181. 1812 Vilfa intermedia Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 156. 1824. Type: “V. sp. Ind. occ.” [error, corrected in 1840 to Mauritan. Sieber]. Mauritius; Sieber II-38 (LETRIN-1710.01). Agrostis pungens Muhl., Descr. Gram. (Muhlenberg) 72. 1817, non Schreb., 1769. Type: “Agrostis dure Willd. persimilis et Agrostis virginicae Swarz.” Sporobolus tremulus (Willd.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 67. 1829 Agrostis juncea Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 161. 1791. Type: “Ex India, insula Franciae. A matrella. L. fotre varietas praecedentis.” India; Sonnerat s.n. (P). Vilfa tremula Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 155. 1824. nom. nov. for Agrostis juncea Lam., non V. juncea Trin. (1824) Agrostis tremula Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 372. 1797, nom. superfl. & illeg. for A. juncea Lam. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Cosmopolitan. 1334. Sporobolus wallichii Munro ex Trimen., J. Bot. 27: 171. 1889 Type. “Collected by the late W. Ferguson, early in 1886, somewhere between Trincomalie and Kantalai Tank.” Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3769A. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Odisha, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual or perennial. Urochondra C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 35: sub t. 3457. 1947 Type. Urochondra setulosa (Trin.) C.E. Hubb. (Vilfa setulosa Trin.). 1335. Urochondra setulosa (Trin.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 35: sub t. 3457. 1947 Vilfa setulosa Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 4(2): 55. 1840. Type: [Saudi] Arabia: Ga-el-Ma, banks of saltwater creeks and saline flats; Ehrenberg & Hemprich s.n. Checklist of the grasses of India 487 Crypsis setulosa (Trin.) Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 292. 1921 Heleochloa setulosa (Trin.) Blatt. & McCann, Sci. Monogr. Imp. Council Agric. Res. India 5: 205. t. 134. 1935 Sporobolus setulosus (Trin.) A. Terracc., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 5: 95. 1893 Crypsis dura Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2. 4: 125. 1859. Type: “Hab. in ditionibus Scinde et Beloutschistan”; Griffith 455 Heleochloa dura (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 477. 1884 Distribution. Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Zoysia Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 440. 1801, nom. cons. Type. Zoysia pungens Willd. 1336. Zoysia japonica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 414. 1854 Osterdamia japonica (Steud.) Hitchc., Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 166. 1920 Type. Japonia. Distribution. Maharashtra [also in Japan, Korea, North America]. Naturalized and cultivated; native to eastern Asia, Japan. Habit. Perennial. 1337. Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 230. 1912 var. matrella Agrostis matrella L., Mant. Pl. Altera 185. 1771. Type: “Habitat in Malabariae arenosis. Koenig. 56.” Lectotype: König 56, Herb. Linn. No. 84.11 (LINN). LT designated by Goudswaard in Blumea 26: 171. 1980. Osterdamia matrella (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 781. 1891 Zoysia pungens Willd., Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 441. 1801. Type: India; Klein s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 488 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1338. Zoysia pacifica (Goudsw.) M. Hotta & S. Kuroki, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 45: 71. 1994 Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. var. pacifica Goudsw., Blumea 26: 172. 1980. Type: Rhukyu I., Yonakuni I.; Hatusima 24127 (L.) Zoysia tenuifolia sensu Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 684. 1960, non Willd. ex Trin. 1836 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [China]. Habit. Perennial. Tribe Cynodonteae Dumort., 1824 Morphology in this tribe is almost as variable as within the subfamily as a whole. There are no obvious morphological synapomorphies (Kellogg 2015b). Acrachne Wight & Arn. ex Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 361. 1908 Type. Acrachne verticillata (Roxb.) Chiov. (Eleusine verticillata Roxb.). 1339. Acrachne henrardiana (Bor) S.M. Phillips, Kew Bull. 37(1): 158. 1982 Dactyloctenium henrardianum Bor, Blumea, Suppl. 3: 44. 1946. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Ramnad District, Pamban; January 19, 1945; Daniel & S.R. Raju 20089 (K). Arthrochloa henrardiana (Bor) J. W. Lorch, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 39: 490. f. 1–5. 1960 Normanboria henrardiana (Bor) Butzin, Taxon 27(2–3): 301. 1978 Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 1340. Acrachne racemosa (B. Heyne ex Roth) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 1. 1947 Eleusine racemosa B. Heyne ex Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 583. 1817. Type: India Orientali; Heyne s.n. Leptochloa racemosa (B. Heyne ex Roth) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 91. 1829 Checklist of the grasses of India 489 Eleusine verticillata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.). 1: 346. 1820. Type: India: “A native of moist pasture ground.” Acrachne verticillata (Roxb.) Lindl. ex Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 361–362. 1908 Leptochloa verticillata (Roxb.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 91. 1829 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1341. Acrachne sundararajii P. Umam., Muthuk. & P. Daniel, Kew Bull. 52(4): 1007 1997 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari District, Vivekanandhapuram; November 21, 1995; Muthukumar 106403 (CAL). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Aeluropus Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 143. 1820 Type. Aeluropus laevis Trin., nom. illeg. (Dactylis brevifolia J. Koenig ex Willd., Aeluropus brevifolius (J. Koenig ex Willd.) Trin. ex Wall.). 1342. Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 374. 1864 (as “lagopodioides”) Dactylis lagopoides L., Mant. Pl. 33. 1767. Type: “Habitat in India. Burmannus.” Lectotype: J. Burman s.n., Herb. Linn. No. 90.5 (LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 250. 2000. Koeleria lagopoides (L.) Panz ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 332. 1824 (“1825”) (as “Kölera”) Poa lagopoides (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 111. 1829 (as “lagopodioides”) Sesleria lagopoides (L.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 22. 1815 (as “Sessleria lagopodioides”) Aeluropus concinnus Fig. & de Not., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino ser. 2, 12: 257. 1852. Type: “In arenosis salsugineis ad Wadi-Dahab”; Figari s.n. Dactylis repens Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 79. t. 15. 1798. Type: “Habitat in arensis ad maris littoral et in deserto.” Aeluropus repens (Desf.) Parl., Fl. Ital. (Parlatore) 1: 462. 1848 490 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Poa repens (Desf.) M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 69. 1819 Calotheca repens (Desf.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 347. 1824 (“1825”) Calotheca niliaca Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 348. 1824 (“1825”) Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. ex Trimen, Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 110. 1885, isonym Aeluropus brevifolius Nees ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 30. 1840, nom. nud. Poa tunetana Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 20. 1815, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Dactylis repens Desf., Aeluropus laevis Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 143. t. 12. 1820, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Dactylis brevifolia Dactylis lagopoides sensu Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl. 298. 1861 (as “lagopodioides”), non L., 1767 Aeluropus villosus Trin. in C.A. Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. (C.A. von Meyer) 18. 1831, nom. superf. & illeg. for Poa repens (Desf.) M. Bieb. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1343. Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl., Fl. Ital. (Parlatore) 1: 461. 1848 Poa littoralis Gouan, Fl. Monsp. 470. 1765. Type: In maritimis arenosis a Villenueve, Maguelone, France, Gouan s.n. Calotheca litoralis (Gouan) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 347. 1824 (“1825”) Dactylis littoralis (Gouan) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 408. 1797 Melica littoralis (Gouan) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 443. 1825 Poa pungens M. Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 65. 1808 Aeluropus pungens (M. Bieb.) K. Koch, Linnaea 21(4): 408. 1848 Aeluropus littoralis ssp. pungens (M. Bieb.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyss. Rast. 8: 73. 1971 Distribution. India; states not recorded. [China]. Habit. Perennial. Bouteloua Lag., Varied. Ci. 2(4): 134. 1805 (‘Botelua’), nom. et orth. cons. Type. Bouteloua racemosa Lag. Checklist of the grasses of India 491 1344. Bouteloua aristidoides (Kunth) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. (Grisebach) 537. 1864 Dinebra aristidoides Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 171–172 (ed. qto.). 1816. Type: “Crescit in asperis frigidis convallis Tolucensis, alt. 1320 hexap.” Mexico: near Nevada, Toluca; Humboldt & Bonpland 67 (P). Atheropogon aristidoides (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 415. 1817 (as “aristidioides”) Eutriana aristidoides (Kunth) Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 242. 1824 Triathera aristidoides (Kunth) Nash in Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 137. 1903 Bouteloua ciliata Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 302. 1879. Type: Argentina: Salta, cerca del Pasaje del Río Juramento; February 21, 1873; P.G. Lorentz & G. Hieronymus 352 (GOET). Dinebra hirsuta J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 292. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Peruvia” Peru; Haenke s.n. (PR). Eutriana hirsuta (J. Presl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 280. 1833 Aristida unilateralis Willd. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 132. 1840, nom. superfl & illeg. for Eutriana aristidoides Distribution. India; states not recorded. Naturalized; native to North and South America. Habit. Annual. 1345. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. in Marcy, Explor. Red River Louisiana 300. 1853 Chloris curtipendula Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 59. 1803. Type: USA; 1795; Michaux s.n. (P). “Hab. in aridis regionis Illinoensis ad Wabast et in rupibus ad prairie du rocher.” Andropogon curtipendulus (Michx.) Spreng. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 90. 1840 Atheropogon curtipendulus (Michx.) E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 138. 1886 Cynodon curtipendula (Michx.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 303. 1825 Dinebra curtipendula (Michx.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 98. 158 t. 16, f. 1. 1812 Eutriana curtipendula (Michx.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 161. 1820 Eutriana affinis Hook. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20(2): 174. 1847. Syntypes: North America; Schweinnitz s.n. Missouri, St. Louis & Texas; Drummond s.n. Atheropogon affinis (Hook. f.) E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 141. 1886 Atheropogon apludoides Muhl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 937. 1806. Type: “Habitat in America boreali.” USA; G.H.E. Muhlenberg 394 (PH). 492 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Atheropogon medius E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 139. 1886. Lectotype: Mexico: between T. Miguel and Sadani; October; Liebmann 581 (US-2307995 (fragm.)). LT designated by Swallen, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 633. 1939. Bouteloua racemosa Lag., Varied. Ci. 2(4): 141. 1805. Type: Collected by L. Nee in Mexico, possibly then cultivated in Madrid. Atheropogon racemosus (Lag.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 414. 1817 Cynosurus secundus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2(Suppl.): 728. 1814. Type: USA: “upper Louisiana” [Territory = northern middle western states]; J. Bradbury s.n. (BM). Chloris secundus (Pursh) Eaton, Man. Bot. (A. Eaton), ed. 5. 173. 1829 Dineba secunda (Pursh) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 711. 1817 Heterostegon curtipendula Schweinf. ex Hook. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20(2): 175. 1847 (as “curtipendulus”), nom. nud., pro syn. Melica curtipendula Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (Steudel) 1: 519. 1821, pro syn. of Atheropogon apludoides Cynodon melicoides Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 303. 1825, nom superfl. & illeg. Bouteloua melicoides P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 40. 155. t. 9. f. 6. 1812, nom. superf. & illeg. Aristida secunda Rudge ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 711. 1817, nom. nud., pro. syn. Distribution. India [China]. Naturalized; native to the western hemisphere. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Peterson questions whether any verified records exist for India. 1346. Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 14: 375. 1912, nom. cons. Chondrosum gracile Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 176 (ed. qto.). t. 58. 1816. Type: “Crescit in crepidinibus et devexis montis porphyritici La Buffa de Guanazuato Mexicanorum, alt. 1270.” Mexico: Guanajuato, La Bufa; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (B-W1628). Actinochloa gracilis (Kunth) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 418. 1817 Atheropogon gracilis (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 293. 1824 (“1825”) Atheropogon oligostachyus Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 78. 1818 (as “oligostachyum”). Type: USA: “on the plains of Missouri [River]”; 1811; T.Nuttall s.n. (BM?). Checklist of the grasses of India 493 Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. ex A. Gray, Manual (Gray), ed. 2. 553. 1856 Chondrosum oligostachyum (Nutt.) Torr. in Marcy, Explor. Red River Louisiana 300. 1853 (as “Chondrosium”) Bouteloua stricta Vasey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15(2): 49. 1888. Type: USA: Texas, western Texas; 1887; G.C. Nealley s.n. (US-81710). Distribution. India [China]. Naturalized; native to North America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Peterson questions whether any verified records exist for India. Chloris Sw., Prodr. (Swartz) 25. 1788 Lectotype. Chloris cruciata (L.) Sw. (Agrostis cruciata L.) LT designated by G.V. Nash in N.L. Britton et A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 225. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 187. 1920. 1347. Chloris barbata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 200. 1797 Chloris rufescens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 206. 1854, nom. later. hom., non Lag., 1805. Type: Urville legit in Ins. Maurit. Chloris inflata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 105. 1821. Type grown in the Berlin Botanic Garden from seed said to come from ‘California,’ probably from Mexico” (Hitchcock, 1936, p. 134). Andropogon barbatus L., Mant. Pl. Altera 302. 1771, (as “barbatum”), nom. later hom., non L., 1759. Type: Maurit; Urville s.n. Type. Burma: Rangoon; July, 1904; G. Forrest 346 (E). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual or perennial. 1348. Chloris bournei Rang. & Tadul., J. Indian Bot. Soc. 2: 189. 1921 Syntypes. India: Coimbatore, on black cotton soil; K. Rangachariar 1317, 1318, 4443, 5348,6166, 6569 (MH). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records outside Andhra Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 494 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1349. Chloris flagellifera (Nees) P. M. Peterson, Taxon 64(3): 458. 2015 Eleusine flagellifera Nees, Linnaea 16: 220. 1842. Type: India and Arabia; Royle 86 & Schimper 800 Panicum compressum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 18. 1775. Type: Yemen: Al Hadiyah “In montibus Hadiensibus”; March 1763; Forsskal 46 (C), non Chloris compressa DC, 1813 Ochthochloa compressa (Forssk.) Hilu, Kew Bull. 36(3): 559–563. f. 1(A-G). 1981 Eleusine compressa (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. ex C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4(3): 12. 1922 Ochthochloa dactyloides Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 11: 27. 1842. Type: Missing (vide Kew Bull. 36(3): 559–563. 1981) Eleusine arabica Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 211. 1854, nom. inval., as syn. of Eleusine flagellifera Nees Distribution. Rajasthan [Afghanistan, Pakistan, Africa]. Habit. Perennial. 1350. Chloris gayana Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 293, t. 58. 1830 Eustachys gayana (Kunth) Mundy, Rhodesian Agric. J. 19: 142. 1922 Chloris abyssinica Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 406. 1850–1851. Syntypes: Ethiopia: Adoam; September 20, 1837; Schimper 79 (P). Ethiopia: Djeladjeranne; October 23, 1840; Schimper 1800 (P). Ethiopia: Aduoa; Quartin Dillon s.n.(P). Chloris glabrata Andersson, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 557. 1864. Type: “Standort: auf feuchtem sandigen und moorigen Boden; Wiesengrund bei Tette, 17° S.B., 120 Meilen im Innern des Landes, Kohlen-Sandsteinfrmation”; Peters in 1842–1848 Type. “Senegalia” Senegal; February 4, 1823; Doellinger 21 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China]. Naturalized; native in Africa. Habit. Perennial. 1351. Chloris montana Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 1: 331. 1820 Chloris montana Roxb. var. glauca Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 276. 1900. Type: Sri Lanka: hot drier parts of the Island; Trimen s.n. Chloris decora sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 371. 1864, non Nees, 1854 Type. India: “This is native of Mountainous tracts only.” Checklist of the grasses of India 495 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Stoloniferous perennial. 1352. Chloris prieurii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 441. t. 134. 1831 Enteropogon prieurii (Kunth) Clayton, Kew Bull. 37(3): 419. 1982 Chloris punctulata Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 205–206. 1854. Type: Egypt: Nubia; September 20, 1839; T. Kotschy 33350 (L). Type. Senegal: St. Louis; Leprieur s.n. Distribution. Maharashtra, Rajasthan [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Rajasthan fide Naithani (1990). 1353. Chloris pycnothrix Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 234. 1824 Type. “V. spp. Ex Ins. St. Catharnae, ubi detexit ill. De Chamisso.” Brazil: Santa Catarina Island; Chamisso s.n. (LE). Distribution. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Naturalized. Native to Central and South America. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1354. Chloris quinquesetica Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n.s.) 8(7&8): 311. 1912 Type. India: Papadi Bassein, growing on the bounds of rice fields in semisalt lands, near Railway Station Road; August 30, 1911; R.K. Bhide s.n. (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records outside Andhra Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 1355. Chloris roxburghiana Schult., Mant. 2 (Schultes) 339. 1824 Chloris myriostachya Hochst., Flora 38: 204. 1855. Type: “Eine sehr ausgezeichnete Art.” Abyssinia [Ethiopia]: Gagevos; 1858; Schimper, Hb. abyss. Buch. 1416 (STR). 496 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Chloris polystachya Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 332. 1820, non Lag., 1816 Type. Peninsular India; Roxburgh s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to Africa. Habit. Perennial. 1356. Chloris virgata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 203. 1797 Chloris alba J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 289. 1830. Type: “Hab. in Mexico” Mexico; Haenke s.n. (PR, US-2830891 isotype fragm,). Chloris caudata Trin. ex Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 70. 1833. Type: China: “Pekinum” Hebei; 1831; A. Bunge Herb. Ledebour (LE, Isotype). Chloris compressa DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 94–95. 1813. Type: South America; September, 1828 and August 20, 1828; A.P. de Candolle 4 (US-2830890, US-80851 isotype fragm.). Cultivated at Montpellier southern France. Chloris elegans Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 166 (ed. qto.). t. 49. 1816. Type: “Crescit iisdem fere locis inter Mexico et Queretaro.” Mexico: between Mexico City and Queretaro; Humboldt & Bonpland 4194 (P). Chloris pubescens Lag., Varied. Ci. 2(4): 143. 1805. Type: Peru Rhabdochloa virgata (Sw.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 158, 176. 1812 Chloris penicillata Willd. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 353. 1840, nom. nud., non (Vahl.) Pers., 1805 Type. Antigua; Swartz s.n. (S). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Cosmopolitan. Habit. Annual. 1357. Chloris wightiana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 206. 1854 Chloris incompleta Wight ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 206. 1854, pro syn. Syntypes. Peninsula Indiae Orientalis; Wight 1766 (K). India; Wight 1337 (K). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 497 Cleistogenes Keng, Sinensia 5: 147. 1934 Type. Kengia serotina (L.) Packer (Festuca serotina L.). 1358. Cleistogenes gatacrei (Stapf ) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 487. 1960 Diplachne gatacrei Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1898: 229. 1898. Type: Pakistan: Chitral; W. Gatacre 17626 (K). Kengia gatacrei (Stapf ) Cope, Kew Bull. 35(3): 701. 1980 Distribution. Northwest India; states not recorded [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1359. Cleistogenes songorica (Roshev.) Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 18: 540. 1942 Diplachne songorica Roshev., Fl. URSS. 2: 752. 1934. Type: Keng 3378 (NAS). Cleistogenes mutica Keng, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28: 299. 1938 Kengia mutica (Keng) Packer, Bot. Not. 113(3): 292. 1960 Distribution. Ladakh [China]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Ladakh fide Naithani (1990). Coelachyrum Hochst. & Nees, Linnaea 16: 221. 1842 Type. Coelachyrum brevifolium Hochst. & Nees. 1360. Coelachyrum lagopoides (Burm.f.) Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon (Perad. Man. No. 8) 79. 1956 Cynosurus lagopoides Burm. f., Fl. Ind. (N. L. Burman) 29. 1768. Lectotype: J. Burman s.n., Herb. Linn. No. 90.5 (LINN). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 250. 2000. Eleusine lagopoides (Burm. f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., 19(3): 339. 1921 Coelachyropsis lagopoides (Burm.f.) Bor, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien. 75: 25. 1971 Coelachyrum brevifolium Hochst. & Nees, Linnaea 16: 221. 1842. Type. “In arenosis prope Dschiddam d. 30 Decembris legit W. Schimper.” cited as “Eleusine brevifolia Hochst et Steud. Plant. Aegypt. -Arab. n. 799” 498 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Coelachyrum indicum Hack., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 2(2): 61. 1887, nom. superfl. & illegit. for Cynosurus lagopoides Koeleria brevifolia Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 21. 1815, nom. superfl. & illegit. Poa brevifolia Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 111. 1829, nom. superfl. & illegit. Eragrostis brevifolia Benth., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 14: 51. 1881, nom. superfl. & illegit. Dactylis brevifolia J. Koenig ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 410. 1797, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Cynosurus lagopoides Eleusine brevifolia R. Br. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 294. 1896, nom. superfl. & illegit., non E. brevifolia (Nees) Steud., 1854. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution outside Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). Cynodon Rich., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805, nom. cons. Type. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Panicum dactylon L.). 1361. Cynodon aethiopicus Clayton & Harlan, Kew Bull. 24:187. 1970 Type. Ethiopia, de Wet OKLA9224. Distribution. Delhi. Naturalized; native to Africa. Habit. Stoloniferous perennial. Remarks. Record from Delhi fide Naithani (1990). 1362. Cynodon barberi Rangachari & Tadul., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 24: 846. 1916 Cynodon barberi Rang. & Tadul. f. longifolium S.K. Jain, Indian Forester 92(11): 699. 1966. Type: India: Orissa, Puri; 1889; J.H. Walsh s.n. (CAL). Type. India: Tinnevelly and Godavari District; 1901–1902; C.A. Barber s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Most records from India fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 499 1363. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 85. 1805 Panicum dactylon L., Sp. Pl. 1: 58. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europa australi.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 80.35 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton & Harlan in Kew Bull. 24: 186. 1970. Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 764. 1891 Digitaria dactylon (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2. 1: 53. 1771 Milium dactylon (L.) Moench, Suppl. Meth. (Moench) 67. 1802 Paspalum dactylon (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 176. 1791 Cynodon erectus J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 290. 1830. Type: “Hab. in Mexico, et in Peruviae montanis huanaccensibus.” Mexico. Peruano montano; Haenke s.n. (PR-495767). Cynodon maritimus Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 170 (ed. qto.). 1816 Digitaria maritima (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 272. 1824 (“1825”) Cynodon tenuis Trin. in Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk 2: 63. 1821. Type: “Habitat in America boreali.” Dactilon officinale Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 2: 69. 1787, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Panicum dactylon Digitaria littoralis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 19. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Cynodon dactylon Chloris cynodon Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 229. 1824, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Cynodon dactylon Cynodon occidentalis Willd. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 463. 1840, nom. nud. Cynodon portoricensis Willd. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 463. 1840, nom. nud. Agrostis bermudiana Tussac ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 259. 1833, nom. nud., pro syn. Agrostis filiformis J. Koenig ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. (Kunth) 1: 261. 1833, nom. nud. pro syn. Digitaria stolonifera Schrad., Fl. Germ. (Schrader) 1: 165.t. 3. f. 9. 1806, nom. superfl. & illeg. Fibichia umbellata Koeler, Descr. Gram. (Koeler) 308. 1802, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Panicum dactylon Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar]. Cosmopolitan; native range unknown. Habit. Perennial. 500 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1364. Cynodon plectostachyus (K. Schum.) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 82. 1907 (as “plectostachyum”) Leptochloa plectostachya K. Schum., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C. 112. 1895. Type: Tanzania “Steppen sudlich vom Kilimandscharo, sehr haufiges Gras in den Steppen am Pangani”, alt. 2500 ft.; July 2, 1893; G. Volkens 477 (B). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Naturalized; native to Africa. Habit. Perennial. 1365. Cynodon radiatus Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 411. 1817 Cynodon arcuatus J. Presl in C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4–5): 290. 1830. Type: “Habitat in Luzonia.” Philippines: Luzon Island; Haenke s.n. (PR). Cynodon intermedius Rang. & Tadul., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 26: 304. f. 1. 2. 1918. Syntypes: India: Godavari District, Gokavaram; Anonymous 8262. Chingleput; Anonymous 11488. Tinnevelly District; Anonymous 13129, 13259. Kallar on the Nilgiris; Rangachari & Tadulingham 13988 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. intermedius (Rang. & Tadul.) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1835. 1934 Type. India; 1814; B. Heyne s.n. (L). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal (Naithani), Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Most records from India fide Naithani (1990). Dactyloctenium Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 2: 1029. 1809 Lectotype. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (“aegyptiacum”) (Cynosurus aegyptius L.). LT designated by Pfeiffer, Nomencl. Bot. 1: 1000. 1873. 1366. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 2: 1029. 1809 (as “aegyptiacum”) Cynosurus aegyptius L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Africa, Asia, America.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 91.11(LINN). LT designated by Kit Tan in Davis (ed.), Fl. Turkey 9: 578. 1985. Checklist of the grasses of India 501 Eleusine aegyptia (L.) Forsyth f., Bot. Nomencl. 70. 1794 Chloris mucronata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 59. 1803. Type: USA; Michaux s.n. (P). “Hab. in cultis Carolinae.” Dactyloctenium mucronatum (Michx.) Willd., Enum. Pl. (Willdenow) 2: 1029. 1809 Eleusine pectinata Moench, Suppl. Meth. (Moench) 68. 1802, nom. superfl. & illegit. for Cynosurus aegyptius Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1367. Dactyloctenium aristatum Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 59. 1827 Type. “Hab. in Aegypto; Eherenb. s.n.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1368. Dactyloctenium australe Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 212. 1854 Type. “Afr. austr.” Distribution. Maharashtra. Naturalized; native to Africa. Habit. Perennial. 1369. Dactyloctenium scindicum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 3(4): 131. 1859 Eleusine scindica (Boiss.) Duthie, Fodder Grasses North. India. 58. 1888 Dactyloctenium glaucophyllum Courbai, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 4, 18: 133. 1862. Type: “In locis siccis, sabulosis.” Eleusine glaucophylla (Courbai) Munro ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 107. 1881 Type. “Hab. in ditione Scinde cl. Griffith No. 637.” Distribution. Daman and Diu, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records in India fide Naithani, except for Maharashtra, Punjab. 502 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Desmostachya (Stapf ) Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 316. 1898; 632. 1900 Eragrostis sect. Desmostachya Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker) 7: 324. 1896. Lectotype. Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf (Briza bipinnata L.). 1370. Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf, Fl. Cap. (Harvey) 7: 632. 1900 Briza bipinnata L., Fl. Palaest. 12. 1756. Type: “Habitat in Herjil. Aegypt. Aegypt. frequ. Palaest. rar.” Lectotype: Hasselquist, Herb. Linn. No. 89.2 (LINN). LT designated by Danin in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 248. 2000. Leptochloa bipinnata (L.) Hochst., Flora 38: 422. 1855 Pogonarthria bipinnata (L.) Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 362. 1908 Stapfiola bipinnata (L.) Kuntze in T. Post & Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan. 532. 1903 (“1904”) Uniola bipinnata (L.) L. Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 104. 1762. Poa cynosuroides Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 20. 1786–1787. Type: “Habitat in aridis sterilioribus I. Or. Cel. Konig.” Eragrostis cynosuroides (Retz.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 174. 1812 Cynosurus durus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 21. 1775, nom. later hom. & illeg., non L., 1753. Type: “In hortis Kahirinis spontaneus. Arab Hhalfe.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Rhizomatous perennial. Dignathia Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 30: sub t. 2950. 1911 Lectotype. Dignathia gracilis Stapf. 1371. Dignathia hirtella Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 30: t. 2950. f. 13. 1911 Type. British East Africa: Without precise locality; Linton 4 (cum Latipede senegalensi Kunth). Distribution. Gujarat, Rajasthan. Native; also in Africa. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 503 Dinebra Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 77. 1809 Type. Dinebra arabica Jacq., nom. illeg. (Cynosurus retroflexus Vahl, Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz.). 1372. Dinebra chinensis (L.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1326. 2012 Poa chinensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India. Osbeck.” Lectotype: Osbeck s.n., Herb. Linn. No. 87.32 (LINN). LT designated by Phillips in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 279. 1974 Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 4. 1824 Poa malabarica sensu Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 5: 19. 1788 (“1789”), non L., 1753 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1373. Dinebra polystachyos (R. Br.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77212134-1 Cynodon polystachyos R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 187. 1810 (as “polystachyon”). Type: Australia: Northern Territory: Darwin & Gulf Distr.: Maria Island, Gulf of Carpenteria. R. Brown 6238. Cynodon neesii Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 371. 1864. Type: India; Rottler s.n., Wight s.n. Sri Lanka: Trincomalee; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 3749 Leptochloa neesii (Thwaites) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 108. 1881 Dinebra neesii (Thwaites) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1326. 2012 Leptochloa polystachyos (R. Br.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 617–618. 1878, non L. polystachya (Michx.) Kunth, 1829 Cynodon virgatus Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 213. 1854, non (L.) Raspail, 1825 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual or perennial. Remarks. The above combination is made here to transfer Cynodon polystachyos R. Br. to Dinebra. 504 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1374. Dinebra panicea (Retz.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1326. 2012 Poa panicea Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 11. 1783. Type: “E China misit Honoratiss. Bladh.” China: Honoratiss; Bladh s.n. (LD). Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 311. 1941 Aira filiformis J. Koenig ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 328. 1820. Type: India: “A native of pasture ground.” Leptochloa filiformis sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 298. 1896, non (Pers.) P. Beauv., 1812 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1375. Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Ideen Revis. Gräs. 59, 60. 1813 var. retroflexa Cynosurus retroflexus Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 20. 1791. Type: “Habitat in India Orientali. Dn. La Mark.” India: common weed of cultivation; La Mark s.n. (C). Dinebra arabica Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 77, 98. t. 121. f. 1. 1807. Type: Cultivated at the Vienna Botanical Garden. Leptochloa arabica (Jacq.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 91. 1829 Eleusine calycina Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 347. 1820. Type: India: “Grows in small tufts on dry pasture ground, but generally amongst bushes.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 1376. Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz. var. condensata S.M. Phillips, Kew Bull. 28(3): 413–414. 1973 Type. Tanzania; Procter 3209 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 505 Diplachne P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 80, pl. 16, f. 9. 1812 Type. Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) P. Beauv. (Festuca fascicularis Lam.; Diplachne fusca ssp. fasciculata (Lam.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow). 1377. Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv., Syst. Veg. 2: 615. 1817 Festuca fusca L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 876. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in Palaestina.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 109 (1762)” Lectotype: Hasselquist, Herb. Linn. No. 92.21 (LINN). LT designated by Phillips in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 281. 1974. Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 91. 1829 Uralepis fusca (L.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 247. 1854 Leptochloa malabarica (L.) Veldkamp, Blumea 19(1): 64. 1971 Poa malabarica L., Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753, nom. rej. Type: “Habitat in India arenosis.” Lectotype = “Tsjama-pullu” in Rheede, Hort. Malab., 12: 83. t. 45. 1693. LT designated by Merrill in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 635. 1933. Diplachne malabarica (L.) Merr., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 635. 1933 Poa procera Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 334. 1820. Type: India Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Disakisperma Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 287. 1854 Type. Disakisperma mexicanum Steud. (“mexicana”) (Disakisperma dubia (Kunth) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow). 1378. Disakisperma obtusiflorum (Hochst) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2012 (as “obtusiflora”) Leptochloa obtusiflora Hochst., Flora 38: 203. 1855. Type: Abyssinia [Ethiopia]; Schimper Hb. Buch. nr. 1204 (STR) Eleusine obtusiflora (Hochst.) Blatt., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 8: 505. 1936 Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [also in Saudi Arabia, Africa]. Habit. Perennial. 506 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Eleusine Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 7. 1788 Lectotype. Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (Cynosurus coracanus L.). LT designated by Nash in Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2, 1: 228. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 175. 1920. 1379. Eleusine africana Kenn.-O’Byrne, Kew Bull. 12:65. 1957 Type. South Africa: Cape Province, Kimberley Dist.: Warrenton-on-Waal, Mar 1950, M. Wilman H.K.1 (K; IT: US-2589173). Distribution. Madhya Pradesh. Naturalized; native to Africa. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Record for Madhya Pradesh fide Naithani (1990). 1380. Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 8. t. 1. f. 11. 1788 Cynosurus coracanus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 875. 1759. Type: “Habitat [in India.] Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 107. 1762.” Lectotype = “Gramen dactylon Orientale, majus, frumentaceum, semine Napi” in Plukenet, Phytographia t. 91. f. 5. 1691. Typotype: Herb. Sloane 96: 74 (BM-SL). Voucher: Herb. Sloane 93: 189 (BM-SL). Typotype designated by Phillips in Kew Bull. 27: 254. 1972. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China]. Cultivated. Habit. Annual. 1381. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 8. 1788 Cynosurus indicus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72–73. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Indiis.” Lectotype = “Gramen Dactyloides spicis deorsum aristatis” in Burman, Thes. Zeylan., 106. t. 47. f. 1. 1737. LT designated by Phillips in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 249. 2000. Epitype: Sri Lanka: Central Province, Matale District, 5 miles South of Matale on Kandy Road; 1970; Clayton 5330 (K). Epitype designated by Phillips in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 249. 2000. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi , Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jam- Checklist of the grasses of India 507 mu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Cosmopolitan; native to Africa and Asia. Enteropogon Nees, Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2 448. 1836 Type. Enteropogon melicoides (J. Koenig ex Willd.) Nees (Ischaemum melicoides J. Koenig ex Willd.). 1382. Enteropogon dolichostachyus (Lag.) Keng ex Lazarides, Austral. J. Bot., Suppl. Ser. 5: 31. 1972 Chloris dolichostachya Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. (Lagasca) 5. 1816. Type: Philippines: “in Phillip insulis D. Ludovicus Nee legit.” (MA). Melica digitata Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 328. 1820. Type: India: “A native of hedges and thickets.” Chloris digitata (Roxb.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 207. 1854 Chloris incompleta Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 607. 1817. Type: India; Heyne s.n. Lophacme incompleta (Roth) Chiov., Ann. Bot. (Rome) 8(3): 350. 1908 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Caespitose perennial. 1383. Enteropogon monostachyos (Vahl) K. Schum., Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 17. 1894 Cynosurus monostachyos Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 20. 1791. Type: “Habitat in India Orientali. Dn. Koenig.” Leptochloa monostachyos (Vahl) P. Beauv. Ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 581. 1817 (as “monostachya”) Enteropogon badamicus Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. s.) 7(8): 517. 1912 (“1911”). Type: India: Bombay, Badami; September, 1909; R.K. Bhide s.n. (as “badamicum”) Ischaemum melicoides J. Koenig ex Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 211. 1803 508 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Enteropogon melicoides (J. Koenig ex Rottler) Nees in Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot. ed. 2. 449. 1836 Rottboellia pilosa Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 785. 1817. Type: India; B. Heyne s.n. Rottboellia tricantha Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 43. 1821 Enteropogon coimbatorensis K.K.N. Nair, S.K. Jain, & M.P. Nayar, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., B 86(2): 84, t. 1a-g. 1977. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore District, Kuridimalai; sd.; K. Subramanyam 1828 (MH). Type: India: “veneratiss”; B. Heyne s.n. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Africa]. Habit. Caespitose perennial. Eragrostiella Bor, Indian Forester 66: 269. 1940 Type. Eragrostiella leioptera (Stapf ) Bor (Eragrostis leioptera Stapf ). 1384. Eragrostiella bifaria (Vahl) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 270. 1940 var. bifaria Poa bifaria Vahl, Symb. Bot. (Vahl) 2: 19. 1791. Type: “Habitat in India Orientali.” Eragrostis bifaria (Vahl) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 264. 1854 Poa coromandelina J. Koenig ex Rottler., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 191. 1803. Eragrostis coromandelina (J. Koenig ex Rottler) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 415. 1830 Catapodium bifarium Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 194. 1833 (as “bifario”), nom. nud., in obs. Catapodium coromandelianum Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 194. 1833 (as “coromandeliano”), nom. nud., in obs. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Africa]. Habit. Perennial. 1385. Eragrostiella bifaria (Vahl) Bor var. walkeri (Stapf ) Lazarides, Contr. Herb. Austral. 22: 7. 1976 Eragrostis walkeri Stapf in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 298. 1900. Syntypes: Sri Lanka; Walker s.n. (K). Sri Lanka: Central Province, Galagama, below Horton plains; Thwaites s.n. Sri Lanka: Western province, Kurunegala; Trimen s.n Checklist of the grasses of India 509 Eragrostiella walkeri (Stapf ) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 270. 1940 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1386. Eragrostiella brachyphylla (Stapf ) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 270. 1940 Eragrostis brachyphylla Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 327. 1896. Type: India: Behar and the Central Provinces, Nilghiris; Wight, Perrottet. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1387. Eragrostiella leioptera (Stapf ) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 270. 1940 Eragrostis leioptera Stapf, Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 325. 1896. Type: India: Khasia Hills, alt. 4000–5000 ft.; Griffith s.n. Distribution. Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya. Habit. Perennial. 1388. Eragrostiella nardoides (Trin.) Bor, Indian Forester 66(5): 270. 1940 Eragrostis nardoides Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1(4): 415. 1830. Type: “V. spp. Nepal.” Nepal; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3827F) (LE). Catapodium nepalense Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 194. 1833. Type: “Habiat in Nepalia.” Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh [Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Gymnopogon P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 41, 164. 1812 Type. Gymnopogon racemosus P. Beauv., nom. illeg. (“racemosa”) (Andropogon ambiguus Michx., Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.). 510 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1389. Gymnopogon delicatulus (C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f.) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 472. 1960 Chloris delicatula C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 290. 1896. Syntypes: India: Chota Nagpore, Mandu, Hazarabagh; C.B. Clarke 33855. Pegu-Yomah; Kurz s.n. Distribution. Jharkhand, Odisha [Mynamar]. Habit. Annual. Halopyrum Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2448. 1896 Type. Halopyrum mucronatum (L.) Stapf (Uniola mucronata L.). 1390. Halopyrum mucronatum (L.) Stapf, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2448. 1896 Uniola mucronata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 104. 1762. Type: “Habitat in India. Burmannus.” Neotype: Sri Lanka: Wilpatti National Park; December 30, 1968; Fosberg & al. 50918 (K). LT designated by Renvoize in Cafferty et al. (ed.), Taxon 49: 258. 2000. Desmazeria unioloides Deflers, Voy. Yemen. 220. 1889, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Uniola mucronata L. Eragrostis mucronata (L.) Deflers, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 34: 69. 1887, non Eragrostis mucronata Roem. & Schult., 1817 Distribution. Delhi, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Hilaria Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1(1–2): 116 (ed. qto.). t. 37. 1816 (“1815”) Type. Hilaria cenchroides Kunth. 1391. Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 62. 1881 Pleuraphis jamesii Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1(1): 148–150, t. 10. 1824. Type: “Habitat on the high plains of the trap formation at the sources of the Canadian river.” USA: Texas or New Mexico, sources of the Canadian River; 1852; James s.n. (NY). Checklist of the grasses of India 511 Pleuraphis sericea Nutt. ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 62. 1881, nom. nud. as synonym of Hilaria sericea Benth. Distribution. India. Native to North America. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. The report of this species for India is dubious; documentation is lacking. Leptochloa P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 71. 1812 Lectotype. Leptochloa virgata (L.) P. Beauv. (Cynosurus virgatus L.). LT designated by Nash in N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2. 1: 229. 1913; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 172. 1920. 1392. Leptochloa crinita (Lag.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2012 (as “crinata”) Chloris crinita Lag., Varied. Ci. 4: 143. 1805. Type: Philippines: “Ex Philippinis Insulis” [from Nee letter] [error for Mexico]; Nee s.n. (MA). Chloropsis crinita (Lag.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891 Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi, Revista Argent. Agron. 14: 63. 1947 Chloris mendocina Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 36: 208- 209. 1870. Type: Chile: Mendoza (P). Chloropsis mendocina (Phil.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 348. 1898 Trichloris mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz, Mem. Fac. Ci. Exact. Fic. Nat. Univ. Nac. Cordoba 1896: 36. 1897 Trichloris fasciculata E. Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 142. 1886. Type: Mexico: San Luis de Potosi; Virlett 1440 (P). Chloropsis fasciculata (E. Fourn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891 Trichloris blanchardiana E. Fourn. ex Scribn., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 9: 146. 1882. Type: USA: Arizona, Santa Cruz Valley, near Tucson; May 19, 1881; C.G. Pringle 13921 (US). Leptochloris greggii Munro ex Merr., U.S.D.A. Div. Bot. Circ. 32: 7. 1901, nom. nud., pro. syn. Leptochloris crinita Munro ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891, nom. nud. Chloris trichodes Lag. ex Parodi, Revista Argent. Agron. 14: 62. 1947, nom. nud., pro. syn Distribution. India; individual states not recorded. Naturalized; native to North and South America. Habit. Perennial. 512 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1393. Leptochloa pluriflora (E. Fourn.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2012 Trichloris pluriflora E. Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 142. 1886. Lectotype: USA: Texas, inter Laredo et Bejar; Berlandier 1430 (P). LT designated by Hitchcock in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 335. 1917. Chloropsis pluriflora (E. Fourn.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891 Distribution. India; individual states not recorded. Naturalized; native to North and South America. Habit. Perennial. Lepturus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 207. 1810 Type. Lepturus repens (G. Forst.) R. Br. (Rottboellia repens G. Forst.). 1394. Lepturus radicans (Steud.) A. Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon ser. 2, 69: 87. 1923 Ophiuros radicans Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 430. 1855. Type: Nossibe Insula; Boivin 1979, 1980 Distribution. Karnataka [Sri Lanka, Africa]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). 1395. Lepturus repens (G. Forst.) R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 207. 1810 Rottboellia repens G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. 9. 1786. Type: “Insula intra tropicos.” Monerma repens (G. Forst.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168, 177. 1812 Distribution. Lakshadweep [Sri Lanka, Africa, Australia]. Habit. Perennial. Melanocenchris Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 94. 1841 Type. Melanocenchris rothiana Nees (Pommereulla monoica Roth, non Rottler, 1803). Checklist of the grasses of India 513 1396. Melanocenchris abyssinica (R. Br. ex Fresen.) Hochst., Flora 38: 274. 1855 Eutriana abyssinica R. Br. ex Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 2: 142. 1837. Type: Abyssinia; Rueppell s.n. (FR). Melanocenchris plumosa Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 37. 1851. Type: Pennisetum plumosum Hochst. et Steud. in Schimperi plantis Arab no. 794 Gracilea royleana (Nees) Hook. f. var. plumosa (Jaub. & Spach) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 284. 1896 Ptiloneilema plumosum (Jaub. & Spach) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 201. 1854. Pennisetum plumosum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 201. 1854, nom. nud. pro. syn. Distribution. Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 1397. Melanocenchris jacquemontii Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 36. t. 325. 1851 Melanocenchris royleana Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 218. 1854. Type: India Orientali Gracilea royleana (Nees) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 284. 1896 Type. “India tam cistropica (in provincial Delhi) quam australiori (inter urbes Bombay et Poonah) legit Jacquemont.” (P). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 1398. Melanocenchris monoica (J. Koenig ex Rottler) C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1831. 1934 Pommereulla monoica J. Koenig ex Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 218. 1803 (as “Pommereullia”). Type: India: In dry localities from the Kistna River to S. Arcot, Nilgiri Distict; Perrotte s.n. Melanocenchris perrottetii Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 38. t. 326. 1851. Type: India: Neligherry Mountains; 1840; Perrottet s.n. (P) Melanocenchris monoica Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 33 (1821), non Rottler (1803) Melanocenchris rothiana Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 95. 1841, nom. nov. for Melanocenchris monoica Roth 514 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Gracilea nutans J. Koenig ex Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 218. 1803, cited as synonym of Pommereulla monoica Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Microchloa R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 208. 1810 Type. Microchloa setacea R. Br., nom. illeg. (Nardus indica L. f., Microchloa indica (L. f.) P. Beauv.). 1399. Microchloa indica (L.f.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 168, Atlas 13, t. 20, fig. 8. 1812 Nardus indica L.f., Suppl. Pl. 105. 1782(“1781”). Type: “Habitat in Tranquebaria.” India; Koenig s.n. Microchloa setacea R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 208. 1810, nom. superfl. & illegit. for Nardus indica Rottboellia setacea Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 2: 17. t. 132. 1800, nom. superfl. & illeg. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Worldwide in tropical habitats. 1400. Microchloa kunthii Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat. 75. 1831 Paspalum tenuissimum M.E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 18: 24. 1935. Type: Mexico: Baja California, On the prairie at the Laguna Mountains, alt. 6500 ft.; September 24, 1930; M.E. Jones 27584 (POM). Microchloa elongata R. Br., Numer. List [Wallich] no. 3807. 1831, nom. nud. Type. “Habitat in America aequinoxialia.” Mexico: Hidalgo, Omitlan et Llano de las Tinaxas; Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu [Bhutan, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Worldwide in tropical habitats. Checklist of the grasses of India 515 Muhlenbergia Schreb., Gen. Pl., ed. 8[a] 44. 1789 Type. Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis] 2: 171. 1791. 1401. Muhlenbergia duthieana Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 11. 1902 Muhlenbergia sylvatica sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7: 259. 1896, non (Torr.) Torr. ex A. Gray, 1834 Type. Pakistan: Hazara District; Panj Gali, alt 6900 ft.; J.F. Duthie 7611 (K) and many syntypes. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh [China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1402. Muhlenbergia himalayensis Hack. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 259. 1896 Type. Western Himalaya, alt. 6000–7000 ft., Chamba to Simla; Thomson s.n., Madden s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1403. Muhlenbergia huegelii Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6, 4(3–4): 293. 1841 Muhlenbergia geniculata Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 178. 1854. Type: Nepal. Muhlenbergia viridissima Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 178. 1854. Type: India, Royle 271 Type. Himalaya: Massuri, de Hugel s.n. Distribution. Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1404. Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 189. 1824 Agrostis mexicana L., Mant. Pl. 31. 1767. Type: “Habitat in America calidiore. D. Jacquin.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 84.33 (LINN). LT designated by Fernald in Rhodora 45: 225. t. 751. 1943. 516 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Podosemum mexicanum (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 84. 1827 Trichochloa mexicana (L.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 117. 1820 Vilfa mexicana (L.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16, 148, 161. 1812 Agrostis tenacissima L. f., Suppl. Pl. 107. 1782(“1781”). Type: “Habitat in India Orientali.” Distribution. Uttarakhand. Naturalized; native to North America. Habit. Perennial. Orinus Hitchc., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23: 136. 1933 Type. Orinus arenicola Hitchc. 1405. Orinus thoroldii (Stapf ex Hemsl.) Bor, Kew Bull. 1951: 454. 1952 (“1951”) Diplachne thoroldii Stapf ex Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 121. 1894. Type: China: Tibet, alt. 16000 ft.; July-September, 1891; Thorold 120 (K). Orinus arenicola Hitchc., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23(3): 136. 1933. Type: India: Ladak, Kashmir, Tsaka, alt. 15000 ft.; July 18, 1931; Walter Koelz 2365 (US-1535771) Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh. [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Records for Jammu and Kashmir and Nepal fide Naithani (1990). Oropetium Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 98. 1820 Type. Oropetium thomaeum (L. f.) Trin. (Nardus thomaea L. f.). 1406. Oropetium roxburghianum (Steud.) S.M. Phillips, Kew Bull. 30(3): 469. 1975 Lepturus roxburghianus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 357. 1854. Type: India Orientalis; Roxburgh s.n. Tripogon roxburghianus (Steud.) Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n. s.) 7(8): 515. 1912 (“1911”) [Basionym reference not given] Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Tropical Asia. Checklist of the grasses of India 517 1407. Oropetium thomaeum (L.f.) Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 98. t. 3. 1820 Nardus thomaea L.f., Suppl. Pl. 105. 1782 (“1781”). Type: “Habitat in Tranquebaria ad Montem Sancti Thomae.” India; Koenig s.n. (LINN). Rottboellia thomaea (L.f.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1(1): 464. 1797 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Caespitose annual. 1408. Oropetium villosulum Stapf ex Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 571. 1950 (“1949”) Type. India: Central Provinces, Nimar District, Humra; December 21, 1888; J.F. Duthie 8523 (K). Distribution. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records for Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha fide Naithani (1990). Perotis Aiton, Hortus Kew. (W. Aiton) 1: 85 1789 Type. Perotis latifolia Aiton, nom. illeg. (Saccharum spicatum L., Perotis spicata (L.) T. Durand & H. Durand). 1409. Perotis hordeiformis Nees in Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 247–248. 1838 Perotis birmanica Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66(7): 301. 1920 (“1920”). Type: Birmania: Minbu; Mokin 560 Perotis glabrata Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 186. 1854. Type: Philippines; H. Cuming 1399 (L). Type. Himalaya Mountain; Royle 280. Distribution. Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 518 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1410. Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 787. 1891 var. indica Anthoxanthum indicum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 28. 1753. Type: “Habitat in India.” Lectotype: Herb. Hermann 1: 29, No. 25 (BM-000621332). LT designated by Clayton in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 395. 1974. Perotis patula Nees in Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 6: 247–248. 1838 Perotis perottetii Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 301. 1920 (“1919”). Type: India: Nilagiri Mountains; Perrottet 1390 Saccharum spicatum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Indiae petrosis.” Lectotype: “Tsjeria-kuren-pullu” in Rheede, Hort. Malab. 12: 117. t. 62. 1693. LT designated by Clayton in Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 2: 395. 1974. Perotis spicata (L.) T. Durand & H. Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol. 628. 1909 Perotis latifolia Aiton, Hortus Kew. (W. Aiton) 1: 85. 1789, nom. superfl. & illeg. Perotis hordeiformis sensu Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6(2): 267. 1841, non Hook. & Arn. 1838 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. 1411. Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze var. keelakaraiensis P. Umam. & P. Daniel, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 23(3): 691. 1999 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Ramanathapuram District, Keelakarai; December 15, 1995; P. Daniel & P. Umamaheswari 106547 (CAL). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 1412. Perotis ornithocephala (Hook.) P.M. Peterson, Taxon 63(2): 284. 2014 Holboellia ornithocephala Hook., Bot. Misc. 2: 144. t. 76. 1831. Type: “In India orientali, apud montes Madurae; Koenig s.n., Wight s.n., M.D.” Lopholepis ornithocephala (Hook.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 112. 1854 Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Following Peterson et al. (2014a), Lopholepis is subsumed in Perotis. Checklist of the grasses of India 519 Pommereulla Naezén, Nov. Gram. Gen. 31. 1779 Type. Pommereulla cornucopiae L. f. 1413. Pommereulla cornucopiae L.f., Suppl. Pl. 105. 1782 (“1781”) Type. “Habitat in India.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Schoenefeldia Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 86. 1829 Type. Schoenefeldia gracilis Kunth. 1414. Schoenefeldia gracilis Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 87. 1829; 1: 283. t. 53. 1830 Chloris myosuroides Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 290. 1896. Type: India: Gangetic Plain, ravines near Etawah; Duthie s.n. Schoenefeldia pallida Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 21: 183. 1852 Chloris pallida (Edgew.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 289. 1896, non Willd., 1806. nom. illeg. hom. Type. “Crescit in Senegalia.” Africa: Senegal, dry sandy places; Kunth s.n. (B). Distribution. Bihar, Gujarat, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. Tetrapogon Desf., Fl. Atlant 2: 388. 1799 (“1800”) Type. Tetrapogon villosus Desf. (as “villosum”). 1415. Tetrapogon tenellus (J. Koenig ex Roxb.) Chiov., Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 352. 1908 (as “tenellum”) Chloris tenella J. Koenig ex Roxb., Fl. Ind. (Carey and Wallich ed.) 1: 330. 1820. Type: “A native of the Peninsula of India.” Lectotype: India; Roxburgh painting 2022 (K). LT cited by Ali Chaudahry in Grass. Saudi Arabia 302. 1989 520 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Chloris triangulata Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 409. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in valle Mai-Ouid (Fons-Calidus) provinciae Medat, Schimper, pl. Schimp. Abyss., sect. II, 1048” Tetrapogon triangularis Hochst. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 291. 1896, pro syn. Ctenium indicum Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel]. 1: 274. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Chloris tenella Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Pakistan]. Habit. Annual. 1416. Tetrapogon villosus Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 389, t. 255. 1799 (as “villosum”) Chloris villosa (Desf.) Pers., Syn. Pl. (Persoon) 1: 87. 1805 Chloris tetrapogon P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 158. 1812, nom. superfl. for Tetrapogon villosus Type. “Habitat in Arenis prope Cafsam.” Africa: Tunisia, Cafsam, desert areas and dry Mountain slopes; Desfontaines s.n. (P). Distribution. Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan [Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. Tragus Haller, Hist. Stirp. Helv. 2: 203. 1768, nom. cons. Type. Tragus racemosus (L.) All. (Cenchrus racemosus L.). 1417. Tragus mongolorum Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 268. 1941 Tragus roxburghii Panigrahi, Kew Bull. 29: 496. 1974. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Madras, Vela Cherry; July, 1845; G. Thomson s.n. (K). Tragus biflorus auct. non (Roxb.) Schultes, 1824: Senaratna, Grasses of Ceylon 102. 1956 Tragus racemosus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 97. 1896, non Scop., 1777, nec (L.) All., 1785 Type. Mongolia. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Megha- Checklist of the grasses of India 521 laya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Trigonochloa P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2012 Type. Trigonochloa uniflora (Hochst. ex A Rich.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow (Leptochloa uniflora Hochst. ex A. Rich.). 1418. Trigonochloa uniflora (Hochst. ex A Rich.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1328. 2012 Leptochloa uniflora Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 409. 1850–1851. Type: “Crescit in valle fluvii Tacazzé sub arborum umbra, mense Augusto, Schimper, pl. Abyss. Schimp., sect. III, 1707.” Ethiopia: Tacaze; August 15, 1840; Schimper 1707 (P). Craspedorhachis uniflora (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Chippind., Grass. Pastures South Africa 205. f. 182. 1955 Cynodon gracilis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 213. 1854. Type: India; Wight s.n. as Leptochloa gracilis Agrostis montana Rottl. ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 298. 1896, pro syn. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka, Asia, Africa, Arabia]. Habit. Annual or perennial. Tripogon Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 34. 1817 Type. Tripogon bromoides Roem. & Schult. Notes. Taxonomic editor for Tripogon, Alok R. Chorge, National Museum of Natural History (New Delhi). 1419. Tripogon anantaswamianus Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 25(1–4): 185. f. 1. 1985 (“1983”) Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, alt. 6400 ft.; November 15; 1980; P.V. Sreekumar 69432 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 522 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1420. Tripogon ashihoi M. Murugesan, S. Arumugam & K.A.A. Kabeer, Indian Journal Forestry 42(1): 67. 2019 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Ayyamalai, 600 – 1200 m, 18 October 2014, Murugesan 207 A (holotype: MH; isotypes: 2017 B-D MH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1421. Tripogon bimucronatus Thoiba & Sunil, Gard. Bull. Singapore 67(1): 151, f. 1. 2015 Type. India: Kerala, Palakkad District, Nelliyampathy hilltop, 1200 m, 16 November 2010, Sunil, C. N. 4477 (holotype SING; isotype: BRIT, CALI, K). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1422. Tripogon borii Kabeer, V.J. Nair & G.V.S. Murthy, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 50: 115, f. 1. 2009 (“2008”) Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari district, Nagerkoil, Marunthuvamalai, 360 m, 30 November 2005, K. Aftaf Ahamed Kabeer 118632 (holotype: CAL; isotype: MH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1423. Tripogon bromoides Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 600. 1817 Tripogon bromoides Roem. & Schult. var. major Stapf ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 288. 1896. Type: India: Nilghiri Hills, Nadavattam, alt. 6000 ft.; Lawson s.n. Tripogon bromoides Roem. & Schult. var. longifolius Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 288. 1896. Type: India: Nilghiri and Pulney Hills Tripogon festucoides Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 49. t. 333. 1851. Type: “India montibus Nelligherry dictis legit Perrottet; anno 1840 (Herb. Mus. Par.). “ Tripogon lanatus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 301. 1854. Type: “Montes Nilagiri, Hrbr Ind. or. A Hohenack. Edit nr. 922.” Tripogon zeylanicus sensu Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 374. 1864, non Nees ex Steud., 1855 Avena mysorensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 337. 1824 (“1825”), nom. superfl. & illeg. for Tripogon bromoides Checklist of the grasses of India 523 Plagiolytrum calycinum Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 95. 1841, nom. nud. Triathera bromoides Roth ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 600. 1817, nom. nud., pro syn. Type. “Heyne in Mysore.” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1424. Tripogon capillatus Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4: 47, t. 332. 1851 Type. “Peninsula Indica, circa urben Poonah, inter Muscos supra arbores et saxa, Legit Jacquemont, September anni 1832 (Herb Mus. Par.) India: Poona; September, 1832; V. Jacquemont 580 (L). Distribution. Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nepal, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu [Nepal]. Habit. Annual. 1425. Tripogon copei Newmaster, V. Balas., Murug. & Ragup., Syst. Bot. 33(4): 698, f. 2. 2008 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Velliangiri Hills, 1840 m, 18 December 2006, Ragu and Newmast 55277 (holotype: OAC; Isotype: KASCH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. 1426. Tripogon filiformis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 301. 1854 Tripogon filiformis var. tenuispica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 288. 1896. Type: N.W. Himal., Sikkim and Khasia Hills; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8892 Tripogon semitruncatus Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 301. 1854. Type: “In monte Laeou Javae.” Tripogon unidentatus Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 301. 1854. Type: “India Orientali” NorthWest India: [India herb. of Dr. Royle p. 92] (P). Plagiolytrum unidentatum Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 95. 1841, nom. nud. Plagiolytrum filiforme Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1: 95. 1841, nom. nud. Type. India: Northwest; Herb. Royle s.n. (P). 524 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1427. Tripogon idukkianus Sunil, Pradeep and Thoiba, Phytotaxa 202: 295, f. 1. 2015 Type. India: Kerala, Idukki district, Ramakkalemedu, 1500 m, 10 November 2002, C. N. Sunil 2267 (holotype: K; isotypes: CALI, MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1428. Tripogon jacquemontii Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1892: 85. 1892 Syntypes. Habitat in India from western Ghats to Bengal. Bombay Presidency; Lisboa s.n.; G.M. Woodrow 79. Poona; Jacquemont 320 bis. Sholapur, Herb Munro. Bengal; Griffith Kew Distribution no. 6636 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal. Habit. Perennial. 1429. Tripogon jayachandranii Arum. & Murugan, Indian J. Forest. 40: 159. 2017 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Theni District, Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, 1450 m, 04 October 2016, Arumugam, S. & C. Murugan 134462 (holotype: CAL; Isotypes: MH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1430. Tripogon karnatakensis Thoiba & Pradeep, Phytotaxa 272 (2): 126, f. 1, 2. 2016 Type. India: Karnataka, Chikmagalur district, Kavikal Gandi Hills, 1450 m, 13 September 2014, T. Kottekkattu & M. Yoonus T 137510 (holotype: CAL; isotype: CALI, MH, K). Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 525 1431. Tripogon lisboae Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1892: 84. 1892 Syntypes. India: Canara and Mysore to Mt. Abu, Canara and Mysore; J.S. Law s.n. Bombay Presidency; Lisboa s.n. On the rocks near the Carley Coves, near Poonah; Jacquemont 581; Rajputana, Mt. Abu, on rocks; Duthie 6788. Distribution. Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1432. Tripogon mahendragiriensis Chorghe, Sangita Dey, K. Prasad, Prasanna & Y. V. Rao, Nordic Journal of Botany 33: 655. 2015 Type. India, Odisha state, Gajapati District, Mahendragiri Hill, 17th September 2014, Chorghe & Prasad 4210 (BSID, CAL). Distribution. Odisha. Habit. Perennial. 1433. Tripogon malabarica Thoiba & Pradeep, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 8(2): 523. 2014 Type. India, Kerala, Kozhikode district, Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kakkayam, 990 m, Thoiba Kottekkattu 134436 (BRIT, CALI). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1434. Tripogon munnarensis Thoiba, Manudev & Pradeep, Phytotaxa 272: 130, f. 4, 5. 2016 Type. India: Kerala, Idukki district, Munnar Udumbanchola, near Mundiyaruma, 1430 m, 16 December 2014, T. Kottekkattu & A. K. Pradeep 144105 (CAL, CALI, MH, K). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1435. Tripogon nallamalayanus Rasingam & J. Swamy, Phytotaxa 351(4): 296. 2018 Type. India: Telangana, Mahbubnagar district, Umamaheshwaram, 700 m, 22 October 2016, L. Rasingam & J. Swamy 7396 (holotype: CAL; isotypes: BSID). 526 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Telangana. Habit. Perennial. 1436. Tripogon narayanae Sreek., V.J. Nair & N.C. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 80: 196. f. 1–9. 1983 (as “narayanii”) Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Eravikulam National Park, alt. 6400 ft.; August 28, 1980; P.V. Sreekumar 68412 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1437. Tripogon paramjitianus Murug., Arum. & Kabeer, Indian J. Forest. 40 (3): 285. 2017 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Velliangiri hills, Western Ghats, 22 November 2014, Murugesan 302 A (holotype & isotype: MH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1438. Tripogon polyanthus Naik & Patunkar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 15: 158. 1976 (“1973”) Type. India: Deccan Plateau, Marathwada, Daulatabad; October 18, 1973; Patunkar 1859A (Marathwada University, Aurangabad). Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. 1439. Tripogon pungens C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 170–172. f. 4. 1934 Type. India: South Coimbatore District, Anaimalis Hills, Punachi, 3500 ft.; C.A. Barber 3717 (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Distribution in India fide Naithani (1990). Checklist of the grasses of India 527 1440. Tripogon purpurascens Duthie, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 9: 74. t. 92. 1901 Tripogon jacquemontii Stapf var. submuticus Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 287. 1896. Syntypes: India: Western Himalaya, below Kotgurh; Thomson s.n. Simla, alt. 7000–8000 ft.; Duthie s.n. Tripogon abyssinicus sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 287. 1896, p.p., non Nees ex Steud., 1854 Tripogon hookerianus Bor ex Sultan & R.R. Stewart, Grasses of West Pakistan 2: 254. 1959, nom. invalid. Tripogon hookerianus Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceyl., Ind. & Pakist. 522. 1960, nom. invalid. Type. India: Western Himalaya, Tehri-Garhwal, Tons Valley, 3000–7000 ft.; Duthie 23532, Duthie 22699 (K). Distribution. Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1441. Tripogon ravianus Sunil & Pradeep, Sida 19(4): 803. 2001 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri District, Pykara near Udagamandalam, alt. 6200 ft.; December 3, 2000; Sunil 2176 (BRIT). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1442. Tripogon rupestris S.M. Phillips & S.L. Chen, Kew Bull. 57(4): 917. 2002 Type. China, Xizang, Dudh Kosi Gorge; 30 Aug 1982; Miehe 808 (K). Distribution. Uttarakhand [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1443. Tripogon sivarajanii Sunil, Sida 18(3): 809. f. 1. 1999 Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Valakettimala near Moolamattam, 3200 ft.; September 2, 1997; C.N. Sunil 2117 (MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 528 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1444. Tripogon tirumalae Chorghe, Rasingam, Prasanna & M. Sankara Rao, Phytotaxa 131 (1): 17, 2013 Type. India, Andhra Pradesh, Tirumala Hills, 4th September 2012, L. Rasingam, M. S. Rao & Alok Chorghe 2914 (Holotype CAL, Isotype BSID). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. 1445. Tripogon trifidus Munro ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 286. 1896 Tripogon trifidus Munro ex Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1892: 85. 1892, nom. invalid. Lectotype: India: Meghalaya, Khasia; Griffith HEIC (KD) 6634 (K). LT designated by H.J. Noltie in Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(3): 394. 1999. Distribution. Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Sikkim [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1446. Tripogon umaganeshii B.R.P. Rao & M. Anil Kumar, Indian J. Forest. 41: 97. 2018 (as “uma-ganeshii”) Type. India: Andhra Pradesh, Horsley hills, 1195 m elevation, 19 September 2016, B.R. Prasad Rao & M.A. Kumar 51980 (holotype: SKU; isotype: BSID). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh. Habit. Perennial. 1447. Tripogon vellarianus Pradeep, Sida 18(3): 811. f. 2. 1999 Type. India: Kerala, Kozhikode District, Vellarimala, 11°25.877'N, 76°06.765'E, 4200 ft.; October 17, 1997; A.K. Pradeep 56110 (MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1448. Tripogon velliangiriensis Murug. & V. Balas., Indian J. Forest. 31(1): 109. 2008 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Velliangiri hills, 1850 m, 12 September 2003, Murugesan 1181 (holotype: KASCH; isotype: MH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 529 1449. Tripogon wightii Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 286. 1896 var. wightii Type. India: Mysore, Bellary; 1834; Wight 1793 (K). Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1450. Tripogon wightii Hook. f. var. kanyakumariensis Kabeer & V.J. Nair, Fl. Tamil Nadu: Grasses 183, 2009 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari District, Mothiramalai, Thomarai, near Pechiparai, alt. 2000 ft.; December 16, 2005; K.A.A. Kabeer 118769 (MH). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Subfamily Micrairoideae Pilg., 1956 Micrairoideae is a subfamily with no obvious synapomorphies, although most species have spikelets with only two flowers (Kellogg 2015b). The ligule is a fringe of hairs. The genera are morphologically heterogeneous, and include both C3 and C4 species, some of which are adapted to forest shade and others to extreme drought (Hardion et al., 2017; Teisher et al. 2019). Taxonomic editors: Jordan K. Teisher, Drexel University, Philadelphia, P. (Parigi) Venkateswara Prasanna, Botanical Survey of India, and Alok R. Chorghe, Botanical Survey of India. Coelachne R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 187. 1810 Type. Coelachne pulchella R. Br. 1451. Coelachne minuta Bor, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 58: 317. 1961 Coelachne ghatica Naik, Reinwardtia 9(4): 393, f. 1. 1980. Type: India: Western Ghats, Amboli Hill station; September 13, 1971; V.N. Naik 1300a (Herb. MU Aurangabad). Type. India: Bombay, Mahableshwar; September 14, 1958; H. Santapau 22731 (K). Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra [China]. Habit. Annual. 530 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1452. Coelachne perpusilla (Arn. ex Steud.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 373. 1864 var. perpusilla Panicum perpusillum Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka Coelachne perpusilla (Arn. ex Steud.) Thwaites var. muscosa Hook. f. in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 270. 1900 Coelachne pulchella R. Br. var. perpusilla (Arn. ex Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 271. 1896. Distribution. Kerala, Manipur, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1453. Coelachne perpusilla (Arn. ex Steud.) Thwaites var. nilagirica V. Prakash & S.K. Jain, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 24(1–4): 187. f. 12. 1983 (“1982”) Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri District, Parthimund, alt. 7500 ft.; July 11, 1970; I.L. Ellis 34627 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1454. Coelachne simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Munro ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 93. 1881 Panicum simpliciusculum Wight & Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka; Nees s.n. Coelachne pulchella R. Br. var. simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 271. 1896 Isachne simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 373. 1864 Isachne hispidula Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854, nom. nud., pro. syn. Coelachne pulchella sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 270. 1896, non R. Br., 1810 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 531 Eriachne R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 183. 1810 Lectotype. Eriachne squarrosa R. Br. LT designated by Eck-Borsboom in Blumea 26: 127, 130. 1980. 1455. Eriachne pallescens R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 184. 1810 Aira chinensis Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 3: 10. 1783. Type: “E China missit Cl.D. Bladh.” China; Bladh s.n. (LD). Tricholaena chinensis (Retz.) Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20 (Heft. 85): 327. 1915 Eriachne chinensis Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 4, 15: 228. 1861. Type: “In summis collibus ins. Hongkong necnon ad Whampoa. Legi Aug-Oct. 1861.” Type. Australia: Queensland, Cook District, Endeavor River; Banks & Solander s.n. (BM). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Aira chinensis and Eriachne chinensis are heterotypic synonyms. Thus E. chinensis is not based on A. chinensis, and the latter cannot be transferred to Eriachne. 1456. Eriachne triseta Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 237. 1854 Massia triseta (Nees) Balansa, J. Bot. (Morot) 4(9): 165. 1890 Megalachne zeylanica Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 372, 444. 1864, nom. invalid. Type. Sri Lanka; Walker s.n. (P). Distribution. North East India [China, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Hubbardia Bor, Kew Bull. 1950: 385. 1951 Type. Hubbardia heptaneuron Bor. 1457. Hubbardia diandra Chandore, Gosavi & S. R. Yadav, Kew Bull. 67 (3): 533–537. 2012 Type. India, Maharashtra, Kohlapur, Tillari Ghat, 15°47.400'N, 74°10.769'E, 15 Sept. 2010, Chandore 1301 (Holotype CAL; isotype BSI, K, SUK). 532 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1458. Hubbardia heptaneuron Bor, Kew Bull. 1950: 385. 1951 (“1950”) Type. India: Bombay, N. Kanara, Jog, Gersoppa Falls, 500 ft.; October, 1919; L.F. Sedgwick 7089 (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Endangered. Isachne R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 196. 1810 Type. Isachne australis R. Br. 1459. Isachne albens Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1(8): t. 85. 1827 var. albens Type. “Figura ad specimen nepalense.” Distribution. Andra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1460. Isachne albens Trin. var. hirsuta Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 23. 1896 Isachne hirsuta (Hook. f.) Keng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 11. 1965. Type. Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8657. Silhet; De Silva s.n. Cachar; Keenan s.n. Distribution. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1461. Isachne angladei C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 323. 1932 Type. India: “Pulney Hills”, Shembaganur, alt. 6000 ft.; L. Anglade 914. Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 533 Remarks. Records for Karnataka and Tamil Nadu fide Naithani (1990). 1462. Isachne bhatii P. Biju, Josekutty & Augustine, Int. J. Pl. Anim. Environm. Sci. 6(3): 135. 2016 Type. India: Kerala, Kannur district, Kalliad lateritic plateau, 82 m, 23 August 2014, Biju & Jonny 2491 (holotype CAL, iso MH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 1463. Isachne bicolor Naik & Patunkar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 15(1–2): 157. 1976(“1973”) Type. India: Maharashtra, Aurangabad District, Mhaismal Plateau; October 8, 1973; B.W. Patunkar 1849A (Marathwada University Aurangabad). Distribution. Bihar, Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. 1464. Isachne borii Hemadri, Indian Forester 97(4): 223. 1971 Type. India: Maharashtra, Puna District, 27 km West of Junnar, Dhak Khilla; September 22, 1968; Hemadri 117968A (CAL). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1465. Isachne bourneorum C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 324. 1932 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Palni Hills, Kodaikanal, alt. 6500 ft.; June 14, 1898; Sir A.G. & Lady Bourne 2491. Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Record for Karnataka fide Naithani (1990). 1466. Isachne clarkei Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 24. 1896 Lectotype. North East India: Kohima, alt. 5000 ft.; October 20, 1885S; C.B. Clarke s.n. (K). LT designated by M. Phillips & S.L. Chen, Novon 15(3): 465. 2005. 534 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Distribution. Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim [China, Myanmar]. Habit. Annual. 1467. Isachne confusa Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 14. 1947 Isachne rigida Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 24. 1896, non Nees ex Steud., 1854 Type. Indonesia: Sumatra, Bangka Island; Bunnemeijer 1577 in Herb. Bogor. Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands [China]. Habit. Perennial. 1468. Isachne deccanensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 95–96. 1949 Type. India: Tamil Nadu, Nilgiris, Ootacamund Downs; August, 1884; Gamble 15290 (K). Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1469. Isachne dimyloides Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 96. 1949 Type. India: Sikkim Terai, Dulkajhar, alt. 700 ft.; October 16, 1884; C.B. Clarke 36764 (K). Distribution. Sikkim. Habit. Annual. 1470. Isachne edamalayarensis Sunil, Naveen Kum. & Sivad., Nordic J. Bot. 35(3): 354–358. 2016 Type. India: Kerala, Ernakulam district, Edamalayar Forest Range, 913 m a.s.l., 26 December 2014, S. and N. Kumar 6926 (holotype: MH, Isotypes: CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Perennial. 1471. Isachne elegans Dalzell in Dalzell & A. Gibson, Bombay Fl. 291. 1861 Type. India: Deccan, on the margins of rivulets; Dalzell s.n. Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Checklist of the grasses of India 535 1472. Isachne fischeri Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 69–70. 1949 Type. India: Kerala, Madras, Summit of Anaimudi, Travancore High Range, 8840 ft.; September, 1933; E. Barnes s.n. (K). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Teisher questions the interpretation of “Madras” in the description of the type. He notes that “the specimen is cited as part of a project on the Flora of Madras, and Madras is another name for Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu. However, I think it more likely refers to the historic Madras Presidency, which covered most of Southern India, including Kerala. Anamudi is a mountain in Kerala. Thus, I would recommend emending the type description, which would include Kerala and exclude the Tamil Nadu distribution.” 1473. Isachne globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 778. 1891 Milium globosum Thunb., in J. A. Murray, Syst. veg. ed. 14: 109. 1784. Type: Japan: without specific locality; Thunberg 2041 (UPS). Isachne australis R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 196. 1810. Type: Australia: New South Wales, inclusis ripis aestuarii Hunter’s River vel Coal River (Page VI in Praemonenda); R. Brown 6129 (BM). Isachne australis R. Br. var. effusa Trimen ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 25. 1896. Type: Sri Lanka: Peradeniya; Trimen s.n. Isachne miliacea Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes]. 2: 476. 1817. Type: India: Heyne 1814 (BM). Isachne dispar Trin., Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1(8): t. 86. 1827 var. dispar. Type: “figura ad specimen nepalense” Nepal: Herb. Trin. 678.1 (LE, microfiche IDC BT-1671-B5). Panicum dispar (Trin.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854 Isachne dispar Trin. var. villosa C.E.C. Fisch., Fl. Madras 3(10): 1797. 1934. Type: India: High Wavy Mountains; Blatter and Hallberg s.n. Isachne lutaria Santos, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 33(5): 140, f. 3. 1943. Type: India: Travancore, Trivandrum, at the edge of a paddy field; January 8, 1934; E.W. Erlanson 5190 (MICH). Panicum nodibarbatum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 95. 1854. Type: India: Nilgiri Mountains; R.F. Hohenacker 1275 Isachne nodibarbata (Hochst. ex Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 464. 1940 Panicum violaceum Klein, Linnaea 9: 307. 1834. Type: “Habitat in agris oryzaceis Indiae orientalis (Klein).” Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. 536 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Habit. Annual or perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Teisher notes that Isachne dispar vars. dispar and villosa are treated as synonymys of I. globosa by Clayton et al (2006 onwards), whereas Iskandar and Veldkamp (2004) claim Isachne dispar is a synonym of Isachne pulchella Roth based on the type description. However, Prakash and Jain (1984) note that “Isachne dispar Trin.” in Indian Floras was misidentified throughout, and “the specimens which were assigned to I. dispar in Indian Herbaria and Floras actually belong either to I. globosa or to I. miliacea”. 1474. Isachne gracilis C.E. Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 77. 1927 Type. India: Mysore, Baba, Budan Hills, Santavera, alt. 4000 ft., in deep shade on rocks; Meebold 10781. Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Remarks. All records from India fide Prakash and Jain (1984). 1475. Isachne henryi S. R. Sriniv. & Sreek., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 84: 647. f. 1 (A–H). 1988 Type. India: Kerala, Wynad District, Poothumoola, Hiladale R.F.; 2400 ft.; November 13, 1981; S.R. Srinivasan 72358 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 1476. Isachne himalaica Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 23. 1896 Syntypes. India: Kumaon; R. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom s.n. Nepal; Wallich (Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8656 D, E. Pakistan: Peshawur; Aitchison s.n. India: Rajaori; Jacquemont s.n. Distribution. Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand [Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 1477. Isachne jayachandranii Gopalan & V. Chandras., Kew Bull. 55(4): 1005. 2000 Type. India: Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram District, southern Western Ghats, western slopes of Agasthiyamalai, c. 4500 ft.; December 6, 1973; J. Joseph 44628 (CAL). Checklist of the grasses of India 537 Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 1478. Isachne kannurensis Sunil, Ratheesh, Sujana & Sreek., Int. J. Advanced Res. 2(12): 149. 2014 (as ‘kannurense’) Type. India: Kerala, Kannur District, Kanai Kanam, 200 m, 24 September 2012, Sunil, Ratheesh Narayanan & Nandakumar 4258 (holotype CAL, Isotypes MH, MSSH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 1479. Isachne kinabaluensis Merr., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 76: 77. 1917 Isachne javana sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 24. 1896, non Nees ex Steud., 1854 Type. British North Borneo: Mount Kinabalu, Paka Cave to Lobang, alt. 4600- 9200 ft.; November 15, 1916; Clemens 10704. Distribution. Meghalaya [Myanmar]. Habit. Perennial. 1480. Isachne kunthiana (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Nees ex Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3(3): 460. 1857 var. kunthiana Panicum kunthianum Wight & Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854. Type: Indonesia: Java; Zollinger Herb. no.271 Panicum cuspidigluma Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 96. 1854. Type: Sri Lanka; Arnott Herb. no. 2045 as Isachne neesiana Panicum neesianum Wight & Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 74. 1853. Type: Sri Lanka; Lindley s.n. Panicum metzii Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 95. 1854. Type: India: Nilgiri Mountains; R.F. Hohenacker 1276 Isachne metzii (Hochst. ex Steud.) Henrard, Blumea 3(3): 467. 1940 Isachne elatior Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 22. 1896. Syntypes: Sri Lanka; Gardner s.n. (K, PDA). Sri Lanka: Nuwara Eliya; Thwaites Ceylon Plant 314 (K). Isachne kunthiana (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Miq. var. elatior (Hook. f.) Alston in Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6: 316. 1931 538 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Isachne kunthiana (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Miq. var. latifolia Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 22. 1896. Syntypes: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills, alt. 6000 ft.; Lawson s.n. India: Anamallay Hills; Beddome s.n. Distribution. Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Teisher notes that “Prakash & Jain (1984) lump I. kunthiana var. latifolia with I. kunthiana on the grounds that the species is highly variable in size and shape, and the varieties were based on quantitative characters that blend together in the study of a larger number of specimens. In the original description, Hooker (1896) describes I. kunthiana var. latifolia as “almost intermediate between I. kunthiana and I. elatior”. Since the latter is treated as a synonym under I. kunthiana, I would be inclined to agree that var. latifolia should also be lumped (this is also the position taken by the World Grass Species Synonymy database, Clayton et al. 2002).” 1481. Isachne lisboae Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 22. 1896 Type. India: the Concan, Mahableshwar; Lisboa s.n. Distribution. Karnataka, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. 1482. Isachne manilaliana Sunil, K.M.P. Kumar & V.P. Thomas in Webbia 72(2): 161. 2017 Type. India: Kerala: Palakkad district, Muthikulam, Elivalmala, 2000 m, 11 November 2016, Sunil & K. M. Prabhukumar 4574 (holotype CMPR, Isotypes MH, SNMH, CATH). Distribution. Kerala. Habit. Annual. 1483. Isachne meeboldii C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 323. 1932 Type. India: Mysore, Shimoga, alt. 2000–3000 ft.; October; A. Meebold 10747. Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 539 1484. Isachne minutula (Gaudich.) Kunth, Révis. Gram. 2: t. 117. 1831 Panicum minutulum Gaudich. in Freyc., Voy. Uranie: 410. 1829. Type: Mariana Islands. Lectotype: Gaudichaud-Beaupré s.n. (P [P01934348]). LT designated by Veldkamp in Turner et al., Gard. Bull. Sing. 71(1): 27. 2019. Isachne geniculata Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 41. 1851. Type: “Bengal Prope Osunpoor; September 27, 1835” Isachne stigmatosa Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 42. t. 147. t. 2. 1851. Type: “In humidis super inundatis, ad ripas flum. Boorea Barak Paulo infra Luckipoor; October 3, 1835.” India; October 3, 1835; Griffith s.n. (K-245425). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal [China, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Remarks. Iskandar and Veldkamp (2004) mention that this taxon has been erroneously referred to in the literature as Isachne miliacea Roth or Isachne pulchella Roth, but claim the type specimen of I. miliacea belongs in Isachne globosa. This unfortunate confusion renders interpretations of historic references in the literature to this taxon difficult. 1485. Isachne mysorensis Sundararagh., Indian Forester 97(6): 304. t. 1. f. 1–9. 1971 Type. India: Karnataka, Shimoga District, Kundadagudda near Agumbe; August 19, 1963; Sundararaghavan 90008A (BSI). Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Annual. 1486. Isachne oreades (Domin) Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan 582. 1960 Panicum oreades Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 20(Heft. 85): 297. 1915, nom. nov. for P. aequiglume Hook. f. Panicum aequiglume Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 44. 1896, non Hack. & Arechav. 1894. Type: India: Tamil Nadu, Nilghiri Hills, Goodadoor Ghats, alt. 5000 ft.; Lawson s.n. Distribution. Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 540 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1487. Isachne pulchella Roth, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 476. 1817 Type. India; B. Heyne s.n. (B). Distribution. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Taxonomic editor Teisher notes that Iskandar and Veldkamp (2004) include I. dispar in the synonymy of I. pulchella. See comments under I. dispar. 1488. Isachne scabrosa Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(21): 23. 1896 Type. India: Khasia Hills, alt. 4500–5000 ft.; C.B. Clarke s.n. Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya [China, Nepal]. Habit. Perennial. 1489. Isachne setosa C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 247. 1932 Type. India: Cochin, Kavalai, alt. 3000–4000 ft.; A. Meebold 12125 (BRLU) “Breslau Herbarium”). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records from India fide Bor (1960), Prakash and Jain (1984), and Iskandar and Veldkamp (2004). 1490. Isachne sikkimensis Bor, Kew Bull. 1949: 115. 1949 Type. India: Sikkim, Karponang, 9000 ft.; August 5, 1945; Bor’s collector s.n. (K). Distribution. Sikkim, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh [Bhutan, China, Nepal]. Habit. Annual. Remarks. Records from Sikkim and West Bengal fide Prakash and Jain (1984). 1491. Isachne swaminathanii Ved Prakash & S.K. Jain, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Pl. Sci. 92(1): 19. f. 10. 1983 Type. India: Maharashtra, Satara District, Mahabaleshwar, 4500 ft.; October 9, 1979; Ved Prakash 337A (CAL). Distribution. Maharashtra. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 541 1492. Isachne sylvestris Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 44: 206. 1905 Type. Indonesia: Malay Peninsula: Telok Sera; March 17, 1896; Ridley 7265 (K). Distribution. North East India; information on specific states lacking. [Bangladesh, China]. Habit. Perennial. 1493. Isachne veldkampii K. G. Bhat & Nagendran, Curr. Sci. 52(6): 258. f. 1. 1983 Type. India: Karnataka State, South Kanara District, Manipal, alt. 500 ft.; October 29, 1977; K.G. Bhat 468A (CAL). Distribution. Karnataka. Habit. Annual. 1494. Isachne walkeri (Steud.) Wight & Arn., Enum. Pl. Zeyl. (Thwaites). 361. 1864 Panicum walkeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 97. 1854. Type: India Orientalis, Sri Lanka; R.F. Hohenacker 1280 Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Limnopoa C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 35: sub t. 3432. 1943 Type. Limnopoa meeboldii (C.E.C. Fisch.) C.E. Hubb. (Coelachne meeboldii C.E.C. Fisch.). 1495. Limnopoa meeboldii (C.E.C. Fisch.) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 35: t. 3432. 1943 Coelachne meeboldii C.E.C. Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 169. 1934. Type: India: Cochin state, Chalakudi; November; A. Meebold 12520 (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala. Habit. Annual. 542 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Sphaerocaryum Nees ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 246. 1896 Type. Sphaerocaryum elegans (Arn. ex Steud.) Nees ex Hook. f. (Graya elegans Arn. ex Steud., Isachne pulchella Roth; Sphaerocaryum pulchellum (Roth) Merr.). 1496. Sphaerocaryum malaccense (Trin.) Pilger, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 2. 1938, in obs. Panicum malaccense Trin., Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 204. 1826. Type: “V. sp. malacc. (Stephan, qui a beato Willdenovio sub nominee Agrostis malaccensis acceperat.” India; Willdenow s.n. as Agrostios malaccensis (LE-TRIN-0806.01 (ex hrbr. Willd. 1737 & fig.)) fragment & drawing. Sphaerocaryum elegans Nees ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 620. 1841, nom. nud. Distribution. Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland [Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Zenkeria Trin., Linnaea 11: 150. 1837 Type. Zenkeria elegans Trin. 1497. Zenkeria elegans Trin., Linnaea 11: 150. t. 3. 1837 Amphidonax tenella Wight. & Arn. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 197. 1854. Type: “Peninsula Ind. Or.” Amphidonax heynei Nees in Wight., Cat. 1747. 1834, nom. nud. Type. “Habitat in Indiae orientalis montibus Nilagiri dictis.” Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu [Myanmar, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1498. Zenkeria jainii N.C. Nair, Sreek. & V.J. Nair, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 78: 354. 1981 Type. India: Kerala, Idukki District, Eravikulam Sanctuary, alt. 6400 ft.; August 20, 1980; P.V. Sreekumar 68419 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. Checklist of the grasses of India 543 1499. Zenkeria sebastinei A.N. Henry & Chandrab., Bull. Bot. Surv. India 15: 142. 1976 (“1973”) Type. Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli District, Agastyamalai; August 26, 1963; Henry 17325 (CAL). Distribution. Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habit. Perennial. 1500. Zenkeria stapfii Henrard, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 396. 1921 Type. India Orientalis: Madras Province, Nilgiri Mountains; Perrotet 1336. Distribution. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu [Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. Subfamily Arundinoideae Kunth ex Beilschm., 1833 Plants perennial, from several meters tall and reed-like to only a few cm in height. Spikelets laterally compressed. Arundinoideae has historically been a subfamily to accommodate misfit genera (Clayton and Renvoize 1986; Watson and Dallwitz 1992 onwards), but morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that the traditionally circumscribed subfamily was polyphyletic (Barker et al. 1995; Clark et al. 1995; Kellogg and Campbell 1987). Over the last several decades the subfamily has been reduced to a monophyletic core of genera. Surprisingly, despite the sharp reduction in genera in the subfamily, it still has no obvious morphological synapomorphy or even any general facies to help with recognition. The current circumscription of the subfamily follows Teisher et al. (2017) and Hardion et al. (2017). Taxonomic editor: Jordan K. Teisher, Drexel University, Philadelphia Arundo L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753 Lectotype. Arundo donax L. LT designated by Britton, Fl. Bermuda 29. 1918; affirmed by Hitchcock, Bull. U.S.D.A. 772: 60. 1920. 1501. Arundo donax L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753 Cynodon donax (L.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 302. 1825 Scolochloa donax (L.) Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 1: 202. 1828 544 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) Arundo bifaria Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 21. 1786–1787. Type: “Habitat ad margines stagnorum et fossarum in India Orientali. Cel. Koenig dedit.” Donax arundinaceus P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 152, 161. 1812 Scolochloa arundinacea (P. Beauv.) Mert. & Koch ex Roehl., Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1(2) : 530. 1823, nom. superfl. illeg. Arundo glauca sensu Bubani, Fl. Pyren. (Bubani) 4: 303. 1901, non Bieb., 1808 Arundo latifolia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24. 1796, nom. superfl. & illeg. Arundo sativa Lam., Fl. Franc. (Lamarck) 3: 616. 1779, nom. superfl. & illeg. for Arundo donax Donax donax (L.) Asch. & Graebn., Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 101. 1898, nom. invalid, tautonym Type. “Habitat in Hispania, Galloprovincia.” Lectotype: Herb. A. van Royen, sheet no. 912.356-93 (L). LT designated by Renvoize in Jarvis et al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127: 21. 1993. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan]. Habit. Tall perennial. Danthonidium C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: sub t. 3331. 1937 Type. Danthonidium gammiei (Bhide) C.E. Hubb. (Danthonia gammiei Bhide). 1502. Danthonidium gammiei (Bhide) C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3331. 1937 Danthonia gammiei Bhide, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (n.s.) 7(8): 513, 51. t. 6. 1912 (“1911”). Type: India: Bombay, Castle rock; October, 1902; G.A. Gammie s.n. Type. India: Bombay Presidency, Castle Rock; October, 1902; Gammie in Herb. Econ. Bot. Bombay 15636 (K). Distribution. Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra. Habit. Annual. Elytrophorus P. Beauv., Essai Agrostor. 67. 1812 Type. Elytrophorus articulatus P. Beauv. Checklist of the grasses of India 545 1503. Elytrophorus spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus, Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H. Lecomte et al.] 7: 547. 1923 Dactylis spicata Willd., Ges. Naturf. Ferunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 416. 1801. Type: “Wachst an der malabarischen Kuste bei Tangore auf Reifsackern und wird von den Tamulen Wajel tenei genannt.” Sesleria spicata (Willd.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 21. 1815 Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Annual. Phragmites Adans., Fam. Pl. (Adanson) 2: 34, 559. 1763 Type. Phragmites communis Trin. (Arundo phragmites L.). 1504. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 1: 143. 1840 Arundo australis Cav., Anales Hist. Nat. 1: 100. 1799. Type: “Se cria en el agua y a’ la orilla del rio, que esta como media legua antes de llegar a la Bahia Botanica viniendo de Jackson alli la cogio en abril, Don Luis Née.” Phragmites communis Trin., Fund. Agrost. (Trinius) 134. 1820 Arundo phragmites L., Sp. Pl. 1: 81. 1753. Type: “Habitat in Europae lacubus fluviis.” Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 97.6 (LINN). LT designated by Clayton in MilneRedhead and Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Gramineae 1: 118. 1970. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. var. stenophylla (Boiss.) S.K. Jain & Doli Das, Indian Forester 99(8): 575. 1973 Phragmites communis Trin. var. stenophylla Boiss., Fl. Orient. (Boissier) 5: 563. 1884. Syntypes: in arenosis saepius maritimis vel salsas; Heldr. s.n. Anatolia ad Smyrnam; Ky s.n. Syria prope Tripoli; Bl. s.n. Egypt: Oasis Magna; Scheinfurth s.n. Assyria prope Mossul; Ky. s.n., Persia borealis in monte Elbrus; Ky s.n. Persia borealis circa Tehran; Haussk. s.n. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan [China, Pakistan]. Habit. Perennial. 546 Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 1505. Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 324. 1841 var. karka Arundo karka Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) 4: 21. 1786–1787. Type: “Dedit cl. Koenig.” India?; Koenig s.n. (LD). Trichoon karka (Retz.) Roth, Arch. Bot. [Leipzig] 1(3): 37. 1798 Oxyanthe japonica (Steud.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 197. 1854. Type: Japon; Thunburg s.n. Phragmites nepalensis Nees, Syn. Pl. Glumac. (Steudel) 1: 196. 1854. Type: Nepal; Royle 78, 79, 90 Arundo roxburghii Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 79. 1829. Type: India Orientalis Phragmites roxburghii (Kunth) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steudel) 2: 324. 1841 Sericura japonica Steud., Flora 29: 20. 1846. Type: Not given Phragmites vallatorius Veldkamp, Blumea 37(1): 233. 1992, nom. superfl. & illegit. Arundo vallatoria Pluk. ex L., Herb. Amb. 15. 1754, nom. invalid. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal [China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka]. Habit. Perennial. 1506. Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. var. cincta Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India (J.D. Hooker). 7(22): 305. 1896 Syntypes. India: Near Calcutta Salt Lakes; Kurz s.n. Mutlah; Clarke 24714. Distribution. Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal. Habit. Perennial. Acknowledgements This project would not have been possible without the help of a highly skilled set of taxonomic editors. While each of them is listed with the section that they edited, we also acknowledge them here: Bambusoideae: Lynn G. Clark, Iowa State University. Oryzoideae: G. Anthony Verboom, University of Cape Town. Pooideae: Robert J. Soreng and Paul M. Peterson, Smithsonian Institution; Agrostis, Calamagrostis: Beata Paszko, Polish Academy of Sciences; Poa, Marina V. Olonova, Tomsk State University (Russia). Panicoideae: Fernando Zuloaga, Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Paniceae: P. (Parigi) Venkateswara Prasanna, Botanical Survey of India, Alok R. Chorghe, National Museum of Natural History (New Delhi). Arundinoideae, Micrairoideae: Jordan Teisher, Drexel University. Chloridoideae: Paul M. Peterson, Smithsonian Institu- Checklist of the grasses of India 547 tion; Eragrostis, Amanda Ingram, Wabash College, P. (Parigi) Venkateswara Prasanna, Botanical Survey of India, and Alok R. Chorghe, National Museum of Natural History (New Delhi); Tripogon, Alok R. Chorghe. We thank Dr. Werner Greuter (B) for helpful discussion of nomenclatural problems. We also thank our editor at PhytoKeys, Maria Vorontsova, who has been a huge help in guiding this through to publication, and two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable detailed comments. The early part of the work in generating the data was funded by Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, New Delhi. The final compilation and publication were supported by the Sehgal Foundation, and in part by the Chris Davidson Fund and a grant from the Office of the Principal Science Advisor to the Prime Minister, Government of India, for developing India’s National Mission on Biodiversity and Human Well-being. 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Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 59: 1–63. https://doi. org/10.5479/si.0081024X.59 Index to genera Achnatherum Acrachne Acroceras Aegilops Aeluropus xAgropogon Agrostis Aira Alloteropsis Alopecurus Ampelocalamus Andropogon Aniselytron Anthoxanthum Apluda Apocopis Arctopoa Aristida Arthraxon Arundinella Arundo 72 488 217 92 489 112 112 120 219 120 8 300 122 123 302 304 126 196 305 311 543 Avena Axonopus Bambusa Bhidea Bothriochloa Bouteloua Brachypodium Briza Bromus Calamagrostis Capillipedium Castellia Catabrosa Catabrosella Catapodium Cenchrus Centotheca Centropodia Cephalostachyum Chandrasekharania Chimonobambusa 127 207 23 319 320 490 84 129 85 129 325 136 137 138 139 220 204 458 29 298 8 558 Chimonocalamus Chionachne Chloris Chrysopogon Cleistachne Cleistogenes Coelachne Coelachyrum Coix Cortaderia Cyathopus Cymbopogon Cynodon Cynosurus Cyrtococcum Dactylis Dactyloctenium Danthonidium Dendrocalamus Deschampsia Desmostachya Dichaetaria Dichanthium Diectomis Digitaria Dignathia Dimeria Dinebra Dinochloa Diplachne Disakisperma Drepanostachyum Duthiea Echinochloa Ehrharta Eleusine Elionurus Elymus Elytrophorus Enneapogon Enteropogon Eragrostiella Eragrostis Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 10 328 493 330 339 497 529 497 339 454 139 341 498 139 231 140 500 544 32 140 502 203 349 353 234 502 353 503 36 505 505 11 67 245 55 506 365 92 544 460 507 508 461 Eremochloa Eremopogon Eremopyrum Eriachne Eriochloa Eriochrysis Euclasta Eulalia Eulaliopsis Festuca Garnotia Germainia Gigantochloa Glyceria Glyphochloa Gymnopogon Halopyrum Helictochloa Hemarthria Hemisorghum Heteropogon Hilaria Hildaea Himalayacalamus Holcolemma Holcus Hordeum Hubbardia Hyalopoa Hygroryza Hymenachne Hyparrhenia Imperata Indopoa Isachne Ischaemum Iseilema Jansenella Kengyilia Koeleria Koordersiochloa Kuruna Lagurus 365 366 101 531 248 366 367 367 373 141 374 377 37 68 378 509 510 151 382 383 384 510 209 13 249 151 102 531 152 57 210 386 388 456 532 389 403 299 106 152 69 14 156 Checklist of the grasses of India Lamarckia Lasiurus Leersia Leptaspis Leptatherum Leptochloa Lepturus Leucopoa Leymus Limnopoa Lolium Lophatherum Lophopogon Lygeum Manisuris Megathyrsus Melanocenchris Melica Melinis Melocalamus Melocanna Microchloa Microstegium Milium Miscanthus Mnesithea Moorochloa Muhlenbergia Myriostachya Neohouzeaua Neololeba Neomicrocalamus Neotrinia Neyraudia Ochlandra Ophiuros Oplismenus Orinus Oropetium Orthoraphium Oryza Ottochloa Oxytenanthera 156 405 58 6 405 511 512 157 107 541 158 206 406 66 406 250 512 70 251 41 42 514 407 160 410 411 252 515 457 43 44 45 73 459 45 414 253 516 516 73 60 255 48 Panicum Paracolpodium Parahyparrhenia Parapholis Paspalum Perotis Phacelurus Phaenosperma Phalaris Phippsia Phleum Phragmites Phyllostachys Piptatherum Pleioblastus Poa Pogonachne Pogonatherum Polypogon Polytrias Pommereulla Pseudanthistiria Pseudechinolaena Pseudobambusa Pseudodanthonia Pseudodichanthium Pseudoraphis Pseudoroegneria Pseudosasa Pseudosorghum Pseudostachyum Pseudoxytenanthera Ptilagrostis Puccinellia Rostraria Rottboellia Saccharum Sacciolepis Sarga Sarocalamus Schismus Schizachyrium Schizostachyum 559 256 161 415 161 211 517 416 66 162 164 164 545 15 74 17 165 416 417 186 418 519 419 266 49 67 420 267 107 17 420 49 50 76 187 190 421 421 269 426 18 454 426 51 560 Schoenefeldia Sclerochloa Secale Sehima Semiarundinaria Setaria Sibirotrisetum Silentvalleya Sinochasea Sorghum Sphaerocaryum Spinifex Spodiopogon Sporobolus Stapletonia Stenotaphrum Stipa Stipagrostis Stipellula Streptogyna Teinostachyum Tenaxia Tetrapogon Thamnocalamus Thelepogon Themeda Elizabeth A. Kellogg et al. / PhytoKeys 163: 1–560 (2020) 191 108 429 18 271 191 457 68 430 542 283 439 479 52 283 77 201 82 65 52 455 519 19 441 441 519 Thuarea Thyrsostachys Thysanolaena Trachys Tragus Tricholaena Trigonochloa Trikeraia Trilobachne Tripidium Triplopogon Tripogon Tripsacum Trisetaria Trisetopsis Trisetum Triticum Tzvelevochloa Urochloa Urochondra Vossia Yushania Zea Zenkeria Zizania Zoysia 448 53 205 284 520 285 521 83 449 449 451 521 451 192 193 194 108 195 285 486 452 20 453 542 64 487