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Journal of Environmental Hydrology
Climate Change and Future Precipitation in an Arid Environment of the Middle East: Case Study of Iraq2017 •
In this paper impact of climate change on precipitation in the arid environment of Iraq is examined. LARS-WG weather generator was applied to 5 representative regions to model current and future precipitation under climate change. Seven Global Climate Models (GCMs) have been employed to account for any uncertainty on future projection for three selected periods, 2011-2030, 2046-2065 and 2080-2099. Performance of LARS-WG in each site was first evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test for fitting wet/dry days in each site, as well as comparison of the mean and standard deviation between the observed and simulated precipitation. The developed LARS-WG models were found to perform well and skilful in simulating precipitation in the arid regions of Iraq as evidenced by the tests carried and the comparison made. The precipitation models were then used to obtain future projections for precipitation using the IPCC scenario SRES A2. Future precipitation results show that most o...
Some factors aecting agricultural production .and productivity in Iraq including selected climate variables and crops
2017 •
The aim of this study is to analyze the drought characteristics and draw a spatial pattern maps for drought by using the ordinary kriging interpolating method within a GIS environment. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to analyze the drought, based on the historical data for ten meteorological stations during the years from 1980 to 2011in the Iraq region. The result shows that the maximum severity of drought (Smax) value was identified during the periods 2007-2011 for most of the stations and the highest value of average severity of drought (Savg) was found in the north (central) region of Iraq for SPI 9 month (SPI 12 month), respectively. The results showed that the 1999, 2008 and 2009 years were the worst drought years have passed in all parts of Iraq at SPI 9, and 12-month time scale.
article
Future projections of precipitation and temperature in Iraq using the statistical downscaling model2019 •
Iraq is facing a critical water crisis that has ever experienced. This necessitates a wise management for present and future water resources. Future water availability is mainly influenced by the impacts of climate changes on meteorological data. The meteorological parameters obtained from global circulation models (GCM) cannot be used to assess the impacts of future climate changes on the water resources availability at catchment scale. The dynamical or statistical downscaling are employed to transfer the coarse resolution of GCM into a finer. In this study, the future maximum/minimum temperature and precipitation for 12 stations of Iraq were projected for three future periods 2020s (2011-2040), 2050s (2041-2070), and 2080s (2071-2100) from the Canadian GCM model (CanESM2) under different scenarios (RCP2.5, RCP4.5, and RCP6.5) using statistical downscaling model (SDSM). The model was set up utilizing partial correlation and significance level of 0.05 between NCEP/NCAR (National Center for Environmental Prediction/ Atmospheric Research) parameters as predictors and the local station data as predictand. Subsequently, the model was calibrated and validated against daily data by using 70% of the data for calibration, and the remaining 30% for the validation. Thereafter, the calibrated model was applied to downscale future scenarios of CanESM2 predictors. The study proved a satisfactory performance of SDSM for simulation of maximum-minimum temperatures and precipitation for future periods. All considered stations and the scenarios were consistent in predicting increasing trend of maximum-minimum temperature, and decreasing trend of precipitations. RCP 8.5 scenario shows the worst trend of precipitation and temperature. This study could be served as a tool in further analysis i.e. assessing the impacts of climate change on water availability in Iraq.
Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment
A Comparative Study of the Available Measured Global Solar Radiation in Iraq2018 •
In Iraq, solar radiation field measurements are available in limited locations such as some universities and research centers. In this article, the measured data of monthly average global solar radiation in Iraqi provinces and cities was compared with the available data in the literatures and studies over the internet especially Google Scholar, Research Gate and IASJ. The selected locations were Baghdad, Mosul, Tikrit, Rutba, Nasiriya, Kirkuk, Haditha, and Najaf. The measured data was compared with the corresponding available satellite data from NASA and Meteonorm software and root mean square error was calculated to investigate NASA and Meteonorm performance. The review results showed that the maximum GSR was in Haditha in July (8.3 kWhr/m2), while the minimum GSR was in Mosul in December (1.68 kWhr/m2). The measured monthly average data of Baghdad was about 5.20 kWhr/m2. The data of satellites in some cities, such as Mosul, Rutba and Nasiriya, had a large deviation in summer, while the measured data nearly agree with the satellite data in the other months. The satellite data were not reliable and might not be suitable for the design consideration. The measured data of Baghdad, Kirkuk and Tikrit were acceptable since the mean deviation between measured and satellite data were less than 1 MJ/m2.
2019 •
Water balance techniques are a means of solution of important theoretical and practical hydrological problems. The water balance equation for any natural area or water body indicates the relative values of inflow, outflow and change in water storage for the area or water body. Estimation of water balance in Iraq depending on meteorological data and Thornthwaite method was the aim of this research. The results of corrected potential evapotranspiration (PEc) obtained from applying Thornthwaite formula were compared with annual and monthly rainfall in (32) meteorological station in order to estimate actual evapotranspiration (AE). The results showed that annual summation of rainfall increased from southwest towards northeast according to increasing ratio of rainfall due to impact of Mediterranean climate condition on Iraq. Actual evapotranspiration depends directly on water excess during calculating water balance. Water surplus contour map indicates increased values towards northeast direction of Iraq, where water surplus depends directly on both rainfall and actual evapotranspiration.
One of the most important outcomes in the water balance equation for any natural area or water body is Evapotranspiration and it is also a crucial component of the hydrologic cycle. The relationship of temperature-evapotranspiration was obtained using the Thornthwaite method in Iraq by dividing the area into (7) sectors according to geographic latitude. Each sector has multi meteorological stations where (32) stations were used with different periods of records. A mathematical relationship was obtained between mean temperature and corrected potential evapotranspiration (PEc) with (97.45) to (99.84) coefficient of determination. Mean temperature has a symmetrical decreasing pattern from southeast towards northwest of Iraq affected by Mediterranean Sea climate conditions, while correcting potential evapotranspiration (PEc) has the opposite direction of increasing values due to a direct relationship with temperature.
IOSR Journals
Estimation of Diffuse Solar Radiation over IRAQ2019 •
Mean monthly , seasonally and annually values of Diffuse Solar Radiation (Hd) were found in four meteorological stations (Mosul , Baghdad , Ratba , Nasiriyah) well distributed in IRAQ using four common mathematical Models (Page , Iqbal , liu-Jordan,Abdul-Salam) for the time series (1980-2010). The maximum mean monthly values of diffuse solar radiation for all stations were obtained in summer months where its values ranged between (5.99-9.56 MJ/m 2 .d), while the minimum values was obtained in December and January where its Values ranged between (2.92-4.96 MJ/m 2 .d). Linear Regression Equations were found between the mean monthly values of clearness Index (KT) and the mean monthly values of (Kd) in four stations. A high correlation coefficient (R) were obtained for these regression models where its values ranged between (0.92-0.99).
2013 •
IAEME PUBLICATION
DROUGHT HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN IRAQ USING SPI AND GIS SYSTEMS2019 •
JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
Variation of Rainfall with Space and Time in Duhok Governorate2012 •
Calculation of meteorological water balance in Iraq
Calculation of meteorological water balance in Iraq2020 •
JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON for Pure and Applied Sciences
Estimation of Water Surplus and Natural Groundwater Recharge in Iraq2020 •
2021 •
Journal of Hydrology
Hydrologic impacts of engineering projects on the Tigris–Euphrates system and its marshlands2008 •
Environmental Sciences Proceedings
Mapping Flash Floods in Iraq by Using GISIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Energy and Exergy Analysis of the Solar Radiation Incident over Iraq Energy and Exergy Analysis of the Solar Radiation Incident over Iraq2019 •
2011 •
2017 •
2021 •
International Journal of Climatology
Cut‐off low systems over Iraq: contribution to annual precipitation and synoptic analysis of extreme events2019 •
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering
Studying the Impact of the Solar Activity on the Maximum Usable Frequency Parameter over Iraq Territory2012 •
QUESTION OF THE FRONTIER BETW EEN TURKEY AND IRAQ
Türkiye Irak Sınır Sorunu (Kerkük) Milletler Cemiyeti Raporu (QUESTION OF THE FRONTIER BETW EEN TURKEY AND IRAQ)1924 •
2015 •
1991 •
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN)
Spatial study of causes and effects of the sandstorms using meteorological data and GIS: The case of Nasiriyah city, Iraq2019 •
Civil and Environmental Research
Fitting Statistical Distributions of Monthly Rainfall for Some Iraqi Stations2014 •