Journal of Bryology ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/yjbr20 An annotated checklist of bryophytes of Europe, Macaronesia and Cyprus N. G. Hodgetts , L. Söderström , T. L. Blockeel , S. Caspari , M. S. Ignatov , N. A. Konstantinova , N. Lockhart , B. Papp , C. Schröck , M. Sim-Sim , D. Bell , N. E. Bell , H. H. Blom , M. A. Bruggeman-Nannenga , M. Brugués , J. Enroth , K. I. Flatberg , R. Garilleti , L. Hedenäs , D. T. Holyoak , V. Hugonnot , I. Kariyawasam , H. Köckinger , J. Kučera , F. Lara & R. D. Porley To cite this article: N. G. Hodgetts , L. Söderström , T. L. Blockeel , S. Caspari , M. S. Ignatov , N. A. Konstantinova , N. Lockhart , B. Papp , C. Schröck , M. Sim-Sim , D. Bell , N. E. Bell , H. H. Blom , M. A. Bruggeman-Nannenga , M. Brugués , J. Enroth , K. I. Flatberg , R. Garilleti , L. Hedenäs , D. T. Holyoak , V. Hugonnot , I. Kariyawasam , H. Köckinger , J. Kučera , F. Lara & R. D. Porley (2020) An annotated checklist of bryophytes of Europe, Macaronesia and Cyprus, Journal of Bryology, 42:1, 1-116, DOI: 10.1080/03736687.2019.1694329 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/03736687.2019.1694329 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 28 May 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 921 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=yjbr20 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 2020, VOL. 42, NO. 1, 1–116 https://doi.org/10.1080/03736687.2019.1694329 BRYOLOGICAL MONOGRAPH An annotated checklist of bryophytes of Europe, Macaronesia and Cyprus N. G. Hodgettsa, L. Söderström b, T. L. Blockeelc, S. Casparid, M. S. Ignatove, N. A. Konstantinovaf, N. Lockhartg, B. Papph, C. Schröcki, M. Sim-Simj, D. Bellk, N. E. Bell k, H. H. Bloml, M. A. BruggemanNannengam, M. Bruguésn, J. Enrotho, K. I. Flatbergp, R. Garilleti q, L. Hedenäs r, D. T. Holyoaks, V. Hugonnott, I. Kariyawasamk, H. Köckingeru, J. Kučera v, F. Lara w and R. D. Porleyx a Cuillin Views, Isle of Skye, UK; bNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; cDore, Sheffield, UK; dZentrum für Biodokumentation, Schiffweiler, Saarland, Germany; eMoscow University and Tsitsin Main Botanica Garden RAS, Moscow, Russia; fPolarAlpine Botanical Garden-Institute RAS, Kirovsk, Russia; gNational Parks and Wildlife Service, Dublin, Ireland; hHungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary; iBiology Centre of Upper Austrian National Museums, Linz, Austria; jUniversidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal; kRoyal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, UK; lNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Bergen, Norway; mGriffensteijnseplein 23, Zeist, The Netherlands; nFacultat de Biosciènces, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; oOrganismal and Evolutionary Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Finland; pDepartment of Natural History, University Museum, Trondheim, Norway; qDepartamento de Botánica y Geología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Spain; rSwedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden; sRua da Barcoila 274, Cabeçudo, Portugal; tConservatoire Botanique National du Massif Central, Chavaniac Lafayette, France; uRoseggergasse 12, Weisskirchen, Austria; vFaculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; wCentro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; xCerca dos Pomares, Aljezur, Portugal ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Introduction. Following on from work on the European bryophyte Red List, the taxonomically and nomenclaturally updated spreadsheets used for that project have been expanded into a new checklist for the bryophytes of Europe. Methods. A steering group of ten European bryologists was convened, and over the course of a year, the spreadsheets were compared with previous European checklists, and all changes noted. Recent literature was searched extensively. A taxonomic system was agreed, and the advice and expertise of many European bryologists sought. Key results. A new European checklist of bryophytes, comprising hornworts, liverworts and mosses, is presented. Fifteen new combinations are proposed. Conclusions. This checklist provides a snapshot of the current European bryophyte flora in 2019. It will already be out-of-date on publication, and further research, particularly molecular work, can be expected to result in many more changes over the next few years. First Published Online 12 May 2020 KEYWORDS Bryophytes; mosses; liverworts; hornworts; Europe; checklist Introduction The last published annotated checklist for mosses in Europe was Hill et al. (2006), while for liverworts and hornworts it was Grolle and Long (2000), although a checklist with distributional records was produced by Söderström, Urmi, et al. (2002) and updated by Söderström, Urmi, et al. (2007). In addition, Séneca and Söderström (2009) published a checklist of the Sphagnophyta of Europe and Macaronesia with distribution data. During work for the new European bryophyte Red List, it became apparent that not only was it necessary to publish a new European checklist covering all the bryophytes, but also that this would be relatively little extra work, because spreadsheets of species indicating their distribution by country had been prepared for the Red List, and every effort made to update the nomenclature and taxonomy. A new checklist is also needed because of the great amount of new molecular work that CONTACT N. G. Hodgetts has been done (and continues to be done) on bryophytes, revealing many new and often unexpected relationships. The nomenclature of liverworts and hornworts in particular has undergone radical changes, as recorded in the recent World Checklist (Söderström, Hagborg, et al. 2016), which, however, did not contain synonyms. Ironically, the checklist by Hill et al. (2006) was prepared in response to the intention of the European Committee for the Conservation of Bryophytes (ECCB) to produce a new Red List, but the latter had to wait another ten years before being addressed properly, when the ECCB entered into collaboration with the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), at which point LIFE funding became available for the Red List project. The Red List has now been published (Hodgetts et al. 2019), and the names are substantially the nick1901@hotmail.co.uk © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. Published online 28 May 2020 2 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. same as in this checklist, although there have been some updates and additions to the checklist since the Red List cut-off date of 31 December 2018, and the geographical areas covered by the Red List and the checklist differ slightly (see below). the World Checklist (Söderström, Hagborg, et al. 2016). The provisional spreadsheets were also sent to other bryologists for further expert advice (authors DB, VH and HK and those listed in acknowledgements below). Methods Taxonomic hierarchy Following work on the Red List, funding was secured from the Irish government’s National Parks and Wildlife Service to enable author NGH to co-ordinate a new checklist project. A Steering Group was set up consisting of Tom Blockeel, Steffen Caspari, Nick Hodgetts, Misha Ignatov, Nadya Konstantinova, Neil Lockhart, Beata Papp, Christian Schröck, Manuela Sim-Sim and Lars Söderström. Communication has largely been through e-mail, but the Steering Group met once in Budapest, in November 2018, to coincide with the final Red List meeting. After this meeting, NGH led on the moss part of the checklist and author LS led on the liverworts and hornworts. The existing network of ECCB contacts was crucial to the project, and a large number of bryologists in Europe have contributed, and those making major contributions are included in the authorship. The first step was to compare the data in the Red List spreadsheets, which had been kept up-to-date taxonomically and nomenclaturally, with that in Hill et al. (2006) and Grolle and Long (2000). Differences between these checklists and current concepts were highlighted and marked for comment. These spreadsheets were then examined closely, species by species, at the Steering Group meeting, with two subgroups convened, one for mosses, the other for liverworts and hornworts. A team of experts on particular taxonomic groups of mosses was recruited to advise on their areas of expertise. These are listed below and are included in the authorship of this paper: For the liverworts and hornworts, the taxonomic hierarchy follows the Catalogue of Life (Roskov et al. 2019), the online database of the world’s known species of animals, plants, fungi and micro-organisms, in which the hierarchy for the hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) and the liverworts (Marchantiophyta) is contributed by the Early Land Plants Today project (Söderström, Hagborg, et al. 2019). The higher classification is substantially the same as the one presented in the bryophyte phylogeny poster by Cole et al. (2019). It was more complicated to agree on a higher classification of mosses, as current concepts are in a considerable state of flux as more molecular work is done. Pleurocarpous mosses in particular have undergone many changes in recent years, and it is expected that this will continue before relative stability is achieved. Our starting point was Frey and Stech (2009), but it has been necessary to update this treatment with the results of new research. The resultant higher classification is substantially in agreement with the poster produced recently by Cole et al. (2019), which is probably the most accurate representation of the higher classification of mosses as it is currently understood, although there are some differences. For example, Cole et al. (2019) place Hypopterygium in the order Hypopterygiales, while we have it in the Hypopterygiaceae within the order Hookeriales. The final higher classification presented in this checklist is not offered as a definitive view, and it can be expected that there will be further changes with more research. Neil Bell, Isuru Kariyawasam – Polytrichaceae Hans Blom – Schistidium Ida Bruggeman-Nannenga – Fissidentaceae Monserrat Brugués – Funariaceae Johannes Enroth – Neckeraceae Kjell Ivar Flatberg – Sphagnaceae Lars Hedenäs – Amblystegiaceae, Calliergonaceae, pleurocarps David Holyoak – Bryaceae Jan Kučera – Pottiaceae Paco Lara, Ricardo Garilleti – Orthotrichaceae Ron Porley – Grimmia and Coscinodon Specialist advice was either not needed or not available for other groups. It was less crucial to have specialist advice on taxonomic groups of liverworts, as much of the work had been done previously for List of taxa As Hill et al. (2006) and Grolle and Long (2000) were the starting points for this checklist, taxa that have remained the same since these publications are mostly listed without further comment. All synonyms that have been used since these publications are included. In addition, some synonyms whose synonymy predates these publications, but have continued to be in common usage, have been included. The liverworts in particular have undergone some radical taxonomic and nomenclatural changes since Grolle and Long (2000). Most of these are recorded, but without synonyms, in the World Checklist (Söderström, Hagborg, et al. 2016). The synonymy for the JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY liverworts is therefore considerably more extensive than that for the mosses. Hybrid taxa are mentioned only if they have been treated in recent literature. Author citations We have tried to follow the International Plant Names Index (www.ipni.org) for author citations, although no doubt we will not always have succeeded. In practice, most author citations, except for very recently treated taxa, are the same as in Hill et al. (2006) for the mosses and Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016) for the liverworts and hornworts, but a small number of citations have been corrected. Bryum s.lat. It is necessary to make some remarks about Bryum s.lat. as the current position is confusing and unsatisfactory. The reviews of world-wide scope by Ochi (1959, 1970, 1972, 1980, 1981, etc.) placed all European Bryaceae in genus Bryum with several subgenera, on the basis of extensive morphological studies. Other workers treated his subgenera as genera, Anomobryum, Brachymenium, Bryum, Plagiobryum, Rhodobryum (e.g. Holyoak in Hill et al. 2006, Guerra, Gallego, et al. 2010). Molecular data (Pedersen and Hedenäs 2002, 2003; Pedersen, Cox and Hedenäs 2003; Pedersen, Holyoak and Newton 2007) showed this generic treatment to be illfounded, since several of the widely recognised subgenera/genera were shown to be polyphyletic. It also became apparent that morphology in Bryaceae often provides entirely misleading evidence of phylogeny: Examples of this include the morphologically striking ‘Plagiobryum’ zieri nested within a clade containing e.g. Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum, the superficially similar small tuber-bearing ‘Erythrocarpa’ belonging in at least two distinct genera, and some Bryum dichotomum being difficult to separate morphologically from Ptychostomum imbricatulum (syn. Bryum caespiticium). Thus, morphological evolution in Bryaceae appears to be ‘decoupled’ from phylogeny (Holyoak and Pedersen 2007). Generic allocations based on morphology alone are therefore prone to error, some through convergent evolution of distant relatives, others by rapid change among close relatives. These findings have not been refuted by subsequent studies and parts of the sequence data used have been confirmed and supplemented by other workers (Guerra, Jiménez-Martínez, Cano, Brugués 2008; Guerra, Jiménez-Martínez, Cano, Jiménez-Fernández 2011; Wang and Zhao 2009; Bell, Long and Hollingsworth 3 2013). Thus the generic taxonomy adopted here is based mainly on molecular data. Nevertheless, Spence (2014) and e.g. Ochyra, Plášek, et al. (2018) have largely ignored the implications of the molecular results and used morphology almost exclusively for their generic classifications. Parts of the classifications by Spence are directly contradicted by molecular data (cf. Shaw 2014: p.10–11); much of the remainder is at risk of being erroneous due to convergent evolution. It is frustrating that a lack of further molecular data still prevents the allocation of some species to segregate genera, but this problem is declining as more species are sequenced. Indeed, some unpublished DNA barcoding and nuclear genomic sequencing data from one of the authors (DB), along with some last-minute sequencing by another (MSI), and interpretation by a third (DTH), have resulted in a clarification of generic affinity for several species. Further sequencing work should see significant increases in the data available within the next few years. The alternative of reverting to an enormous and still partly polyphyletic genus Bryum thus seems to be a poorer option. It would also be out of step with the rapidly improving classifications of some other moss families. Currently recognised European genera of Bryaceae in this checklist are Anomobryum, Brachymenium, Bryum, Imbribryum, Ptychostomum and Rhodobryum. We do not recognise Gemmabryum, Osculatia, Plagiobryoides, Plagiobryum or Rosulabryum. Area covered For the purposes of this checklist, Europe is regarded in the same way as it was in Hill et al. (2006), but with the addition of Cyprus. Thus, the following territories at the margins of Europe are included: All of Russia west of the Ural watershed and to the north of the Caucasus watershed; Western Kazakhstan; Iceland; Svalbard; Jan Mayen; Novaya Zemlya; Franz Josef Land; Malta; all the Greek Islands; all other Mediterranean islands belonging to European countries (e.g. Pantelleria); Turkey west of the Bosporus (i.e. Turkey-in-Europe); Azores; Canary Islands; Madeira. 4 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Table 1. Bryophytes introduced to Europe Species Location Native range Liverworts Heteroscyphus fissistipus Lophocolea bispinosa Lophocolea brookwoodiana Lophocolea semiteres Sphaerocarpos stipitatus Tricholepidozia lindenbergii var. lindenbergii Tricholepidozia tetradactyla garden in Ireland gardens and naturalised in Britain, Ireland & Spain cemetery in southern England naturalised in western Europe Portugal gardens in Wales gardens in Britain Australia, New Zealand Australia Unknown Southern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere New Zealand, Philippines and Fiji New Zealand Mosses Achrophyllum dentatum Atrichum crispum Calomnion complanatum Calyptrochaeta apiculata Campylopus introflexus Dicranoloma menziesii Hennediella macrophylla Hennediella stanfordensis Hypopterygium tamarisci Leptodontium proliferum Leptotheca gaudichaudii Myuroclada maximowiczii Orthodontium lineare Sematophyllum adnatum Thuidiopsis sparsa Tortula amplexa garden in England naturalised in Britain & Ireland gardens in Ireland naturalised in southern England & Ireland naturalised & widespread in much of Europe on tree ferns in garden in Ireland naturalised in Britain naturalised in Britain, Ireland, France & Greece gardens in Portugal & Italy bowling green in northern England gardens in southern England & Ireland garden in southern Russia naturalised & widespread in western and central Europe naturalised in northern Italy, Switzerland & Hungary former park in Madeira naturalised in England Southern Hemisphere Eastern North America Australia, New Zealand Southern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere New Zealand California, Mexico & Australia Tropical Africa & America Southern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Eastern Asia, Alaska Southern Hemisphere America Southern Hemisphere Western North America The decision to include Cyprus was made because it is politically part of Europe, although geographically closer to Asia. In practice, its inclusion or exclusion is fairly academic, as there are no bryophyte taxa known that have their only ‘European’ occurrence in Cyprus, except for the dubious species Funaria anomala, and possibly Grimmia ungeri, which has been considered to be endemic to Cyprus by some authors. The area covered differs slightly from that covered by the Red List (IUCN 2019), which excludes the Caucasus. Both the checklist and the Red List exclude Cape Verde (Cabo Verde). Composition of the bryophyte flora The moss flora of Europe, as described in this checklist, comprises 1390 species, plus 45 subspecies and 104 varieties. There are 494 species of liverworts, with 35 subspecies and 56 varieties, and 8 species of hornworts, with no subspecies or varieties, giving a total of 1892 species of bryophytes in Europe, plus 80 subspecies and 160 varieties. These figures only include subspecies and varieties where species are represented by more than one subspecies or variety in Europe. There are 187 endemic taxa, with 56 of these being endemic to the Macaronesian islands. The level at which a taxon is recognised is always to some extent arbitrary, even with the benefit of molecular data. In general, we have included subspecies and varieties if they have been validly published and there is no good reason to reject them. However, this self-imposed guidance has been considerably modified according to expert opinion from many of the authors and those listed in the acknowledgements. It is indicated in the footnotes where disagreement exists. There are 23 obvious introductions that are now more or less naturalised in at least some part of Europe. These are listed in Table 1. Taxa are considered introductions only if they have clearly been introduced by human agency. Other species that might be regarded as introductions, that may for example be chance ephemeral colonists from wind-blown spores, are regarded as native, as they apparently arrived through natural agency. Whether any particular taxon is native or not to Europe is of course arguable. To some extent the native status of taxa matters less for bryophytes than it does for vascular plants, since their often very efficient dispersal mechanisms mean that many species can potentially occur in suitable habitats worldwide. Several further species were listed by Hill et al. (2006) as non-native (Anomobryum apiculatum, Bryum valparaisense, Chenia leptophylla, Splachnobryum obtusum, Syntrichia bogotensis, Tortula bogosica, Tortula bolanderi), but there is significant doubt about their non-native status, and they are not listed in Table 1. New validations Three liverwort taxa were published invalidly and therefore require validation. Riccia sorocarpa subsp. arctica R.M.Schust. ex Köckinger & L.Söderstr., subsp. nov. [Riccia sorocarpa var. arctica R.M.Schust., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 71: 274, 1992, nom. inval. ICN Art. 37.7]. Holotype: Greenland, Kangerdlugssuak, Inglefield Bay, NW. Greenland, R.M.Schuster JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 45831 (F-C0000489F; http://emuweb.fieldmuseum.org/ botany/Display.php?irn=9894&QueryPage=%2Fbotany %2Fdetailed.php). The description in Schuster (1992a) together with the current data on type specimen validates the name. This subspecies was described from Greenland but also occurs in the Alps (Köckinger 2017). Riccia sorocarpa subsp. erythrophora R.M.Schust. ex Konstant. & L.Söderstr., subsp. nov. [Riccia sorocarpa subsp. erythrophora R.M.Schust., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 71: 274, 1992, nom. inval. ICBN Art. 37.7]. Holotype: California: 1.5 km W of Potrero, San Diego Co., 1982, R.M.Schuster 82-146 (F-C1049209F; http://emuweb. fieldmuseum.org/botany/Display.php?irn=2346544& QueryPage=%2Fbotany%2Fdetailed.php; type originally filed under Riccia nigrella). The description in Schuster (1992a) together with the current data on the type specimen validate the name. It was described from California but is also known from southern Russia (Konstantinova and Doroshina 2011). Scapania paludicola var. rotundiloba R.M.Schust. ex Konstant. & L.Söderstr., var. nov. Holotype: “West Greenland: east end of Nûk Peninsula, Alángup nunâ, 68°42’N., 52°10’W. Schuster & Damsholt RMS 70-2878” (F-C0171445F; http://emuweb.fieldmuseum.org/ botany/Display.php?irn=2145467&QueryPage=%2F botany%2Fdetailed.php) [Scapania paludosa var. rotundiloba R.M.Schust., Hepat. Anthocerotae N. Amer. 3: 519, 1974, nom. inval. ICBN Art. 37.2; based on more than one gathering]. The description in Schuster (1974: 519), together with the type selected here, validates the name. New combinations New combinations are made by individual authors. Mesoptychia gillmanii var. laxa (Schiffn. ex Burrell) L.Söderstr. comb. nov. Basionym: Lophozia schultzii var. laxa Schiffn. ex Burrell, J. Bot. 49: 217, 1911 (see Burrell 1911). Anomobryum apiculatum (Schwägr.) D.Bell & Holyoak comb. nov. Basionym: Bryum apiculatum Schwägr., Sp. Musc. Frond., Suppl. 1, sect. 2, p. 102, pl. 72 [top], 1816 (see Schwägrichen 1816). Anomobryum notarisii (Mitt.) D.Bell & Holyoak comb. nov. Basionym: Bryum notarisii Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot., 7, p. 3, 1864 (see Mitten 1864). Didymodon glaucus subsp. verbanus (W.E.Nicholson & Dixon) Jan Kučera comb. nov. Basionym: Eucladium 5 verbanum W.E.Nicholson & Dixon, Revue Bryologique 39: 89. 1912 (see Dixon 1912). Fissidens subgenus Pachyfissidens (Müll.Hal.) L.Söderstr. & A.Hagborg, comb. nov. Basionym: Fissidens sect. Pachyfissidens Müll.Hal., Syn. Musc. Frond. 1: 45, 1849 [1848] (see Müller 1849). Note: The subgenus has frequently been cited from Kindberg (1897), but in that paper Pachyfissidens is an unranked taxon. We have not been able to localise any valid combination at subgeneric rank and thus propose it here. Imbribryum subapiculatum (Hampe) D.Bell & Holyoak comb. nov. Basionym: Bryum subapiculatum Hampe, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, ser. 3, 4, p. 51, 1872 (see Hampe 1872). Imbribryum tenuisetum (Limpr.) D.Bell & Holyoak comb. nov. Basionym: Bryum tenuisetum Limpr., Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult., 74(2b), p. 4, 1897 (see Limpricht 1897). Mnioideae L.Söderstr., N.G.Hodgetts & Ignatov, comb. et stat. nov. Basionym: Trib. Mnieae Müll., Syn. Musc. Frond.: 152, 1858 (Müller 1858) ‘Mnioideae’. ≡ Mnioideae A.J.E.Sm., Moss Flora Brit. Ireland, 2nd ed.: 615, 2004 (Smith 2004), nom. inval. (ICN Art. 39.1; no Latin description). ≡ Mnioideae Stech & W.Frey, Syll. Pl. Fam. 3: 196 (Frey & Stech 2009), nom. inval. (ICN Art. 39.1; no Latin description). ≡ Mnioideae T.J.Kop., Acta Bryolich. Asiatica 5: 39 (Koponen 2014), nom. inval. (ICN Art. 38.1(a); no description). Type genus: Mnium Hedw. Note: The subfamily Mnioideae has been recognized for a long time but as far as we know never been validated. Most authors seem to assume it is an autonym under Mniaceae (e.g. Smith 2004; Frye and Stech 2009). However, autonyms only exist under genera and species (ICN Art. 22.1 and 26.1; Turland et al. 2018) so a formal description of the taxon is needed. No description before 2011 is in Latin, as required then, or refers to Müller (1858) to make it a valid combination. Latin descriptions have been unnecessary since 2011, but we have not found any recent description of any sort that fulfils all the criteria. Frey and Stech (2009) give a good description, but they seem to treat all subfamilies based on the family name as autonyms, contrary to the code (Turland et al. 2018). A reference to Müller (1858), who treats the taxon as a tribus (although with an 6 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. incorrect ending according to the current code), validates the name. Platyhypnum tatrense (Váňa) Hedenäs & Ignatov comb. nov. Basionym: Ochyraea tatrensis Váňa, J. Bryol. 14: 261. f. 1-3. 1986 (see Váňa 1986). Ptychostomum austriacum (Köckinger, Holyoak & Suanjak) D.Bell & Holyoak comb. nov. Basionym: Bryum austriacum Köckinger, Holyoak & Suanjak, J. Bryol. 35(1), p. 57, 2013 (see Köckinger, Holyoak, et al. 2013). Ptychostomum cellulare (Hook.) D.Bell & Holyoak comb. nov. Basionym: Bryum cellulare Hook. in Schwägr., Sp. Musc. Frond., Suppl. 3, vol. 1, sect. 1, p. 9, pl. 214a, fig. a, 1827 (see Schwägrichen 1827). Ptychostomum elegans (Nees.) D.Bell & Holyoak comb. nov. Basionym: Bryum elegans Nees, in Bridel, Bryol. Univ. 1 (2): p. 849. 1827 (see Bridel 1827). Ptychostomum minii (Podp. ex Guim.) D.Bell & Holyoak comb. nov. Basionym: Bryum minii Podp. ex Guim., Rev. Bryol. Lichénol., 8, p. 112–114, 1935. Ptychostomum schleicheri (DC.) J.R.Spence ex D.Bell & Holyoak comb. nov. Basionym: Bryum schleicheri DC. in Lam., Fl. Franç., 6, p. 226, 1815 (see Lamarck 1815). Ptychostomum schleicheri var. latifolium (Schwägr.) D.Bell & Holyoak comb. nov. Basionym: Mnium latifolium Schwägr., Spec. Musc. Suppl. 1(2), p. 138, 1816 ≡ Bryum schleicheri var. latifolium (Schwägr.) Schimp. Taxonomic synopsis This synopsis lists the higher taxa relevant to Europe down to family level. Anthocerotophyta Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Anthocerotopsida de Bary ex Jancz. Anthocerotidae Rosenv. Anthocerotales Limpr. Anthocerotaceae Dumort. Phymatocerotales R.J.Duff Phymatocerotaceae R.J.Duff Notothylatidae R.J.Duff Notothyladales Hyvönen & Piippo Notothyladaceae Müll.Frib. ex Prosk. Phaeocerotideae Hässel Marchantiophyta Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Haplomitriopsida Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Haplomitriidae Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Calobryales Hamlin Haplomitriaceae Dědeček Jungermanniopsida Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Jungermanniidae Engl. Jungermanniales H.Klinggr. Cephaloziineae Schljakov. Adelanthaceae Grolle Anastrophyllaceae L.Söderstr., De Roo & Hedd. Cephaloziaceae Mig. Cephaloziellaceae Douin Lophoziaceae Cavers Scapaniaceae Mig. Jungermanniineae R.M.Schust. ex Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Acrobolbaceae E.A.Hodgs. Antheliaceae R.M.Schust. Arnelliaceae Nakai Calypogeiaceae Arnell Endogemmataceae Konstant. Geocalycaceae H.Klinggr. Gymnomitriaceae H.Klinggr. Harpanthaceae Arnell Hygrobiellaceae Konstant. & Vilnet Jungermanniaceae Rchb. Saccogynaceae Heeg Solenostomataceae Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Southbyaceae Váňa, Crand.-Stotl., Stotler & D.G.Long Lophocoleineae Schljakov Blepharostomataceae W.Frey & M.Stech Herbertaceae Müll.Frib. ex Fulford & Hatcher Lepidoziaceae Limpr. Lophocoleaceae Vanden Berghen Mastigophoraceae R.M.Schust. Plagiochilaceae Müll.Frib. Trichocoleaceae Nakai Myliineae J.J.Engel & Braggins ex Crand.-Stotl. Myliaceae Schljakov Porellales Schljakov Jubulineae Müll.Frib. Frullaniaceae Lorch Jubulaceae H.Klinggr. Lejeuneaceae Cavers Porellineae R.M.Schust. Porellaceae Cavers Radulineae R.M.Schust. Radulaceae Müll.Frib. Ptilidiales Schljakov Ptilidiaceae H.Klinggr. Metzgeriidae Barthol.-Began Metzgeriales Chalaud Aneuraceae H.Klinggr. Metzgeriaceae H.Klinggr. Pleuroziales Schljakov Pleuroziaceae Müll.Frib. Pelliidae He-Nygrén Fossombroniales Schljakov JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY Calyculariineae He-Nygrén, Juslén, Ahonen, Glenny & Piippo Calyculariaceae He-Nygrén, Juslén, Ahonen, Glenny & Piippo Fossombroniineae R.M.Schust. ex Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Fossombroniaceae Hazsl. Petalophyllaceae Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Pallaviciniales W.Frey & M.Stech Pallaviciniineae R.M.Schust. Moerckiaceae K.I.Goebel ex Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Pallaviciniaceae Mig. Pelliales He-Nygrén Pelliaceae H.Klinggr. Marchantiopsida Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm. Blasiidae He-Nygrén Blasiales Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Blasiaceae H.Klinggr. Marchantiidae Engl. Lunulariales H.Klinggr. Lunulariaceae H.Klinggr. Marchantiales Limpr. Aytoniaceae Cavers Cleveaceae Cavers Conocephalaceae Müll.Frib. ex Grolle Corsiniaceae Engl. Cyathodiaceae Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Dumortieraceae D.G.Long Exormothecaceae Müll.Frib. ex Grolle Marchantiaceae Lindl. Oxymitraceae Müll.Frib. ex Grolle Ricciaceae Rchb. Targioniaceae Dumort. Sphaerocarpales Cavers Riellaceae Engl. Sphaerocarpaceae Heeg Bryophyta Schimp. Sphagnophytina Doweld Sphagnopsida Schimp. Sphagnales Limpr. Sphagnaceae Dumort. Bryophytina Engler Andreaeopsida J.H.Schaffn. Andreaeidae Engl. Andreaeales Limpr. Andreaeaceae Dumort. Oedipodiopsida Goffinet & W.R.Buck Oedipodiales Goffinet & W.R.Buck Oedipodiaceae Schimp. Tetraphidopsida Goffinet & W.R.Buck Tetraphidales M.Fleisch. Tetraphidaceae Schimp. Polytrichopsida Doweld Polytrichales M.Fleisch. Polytrichaceae Schwägr. Bryopsida Pax 7 Buxbaumiidae Doweld Buxbaumiales M.Fleisch. Buxbaumiaceae Schimp. Diphysciidae Ochyra Diphysciales M.Fleisch. Diphysciaceae M.Fleisch. Timmiidae Ochyra Timmiales Ochyra Timmiaceae Schimp. Encalyptidae Ochyra, Żarnowiec & Bedn.-Ochyra Encalyptales Dixon Encalyptaceae Schimp. Funariidae Ochyra Funariales M.Fleisch. Funariaceae Schwägr. Disceliaceae Schimp. Gigaspermidae M.Stech & W.Frey Gigaspermales Goffinet, Wickett, O.Werner, Ros, A.J.Shaw & C.J.Cox Gigaspermaceae Lindb. Dicranidae Doweld Catoscopiales Ignatov & Ignatova Catoscopiaceae Broth. Dicranales H.Philib ex M.Fleisch. Timmiellaceae Y.Inoue & H.Tsubota Distichiaceae Schimp. Hymenolomataceae Ignatov & Fedosov Flexitrichaceae Ignatov & Fedosov Bryoxiphiaceae Besch. Archidiaceae Schimp. Micromitriaceae Smyth ex Goffinet & Budke Leucobryaceae Schimp. Amphidiaceae M.Stech Aongstroemiaceae De Not. Dicranellaceae M.Stech Fissidentaceae Schimp. Dicranaceae Schimp. Calymperaceae Kindb. Rhabdoweisiaceae Limpr. Schistostegaceae Schimp. Bruchiaceae Schimp. Ditrichaceae Limpr. Pottiaceae Schimp. Grimmiales M.Fleisch. Saelaniaceae Ignatov & Fedosov Seligeriaceae Schimp. Ptychomitriaceae Schimp. Grimmiaceae Arn. Bryidae Engl. Hedwigiales Ochyra Hedwigiaceae Schimp. Bartramiales D.Quandt, N.E.Bell & M.Stech Bartramiaceae Schwägr. Splachnales Ochyra Splachnaceae Grev. & Arn. Meesiaceae Schimp. 8 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Bryales Limpr. Bryaceae Schwägr. Mniaceae Schwägr. Orthotrichales Dixon Orthotrichaceae Arn. Orthodontiales N.E.Bell, A.E.Newton & D.Quandt Orthodontiaceae Goffinet Aulacomniales N.E.Bell, A.E.Newton & D.Quandt Aulacomniaceae Schimp. Rhizogoniales Goffinet & W.R.Buck Rhizogoniaceae Broth. Hookeriales M.Fleisch. Hypopterygiaceae Mitt. Daltoniaceae Schimp. Hookeriaceae Schimp. Leucomiaceae Broth. Pilotrichaceae Kindb. Hypnales W.R.Buck & Vitt Fontinalaceae Schimp. Plagiotheciaceae M.Fleisch. Fabroniaceae Schimp. Pterigynandraceae Schimp. Habrodontaceae Schimp. Climaciaceae Kindb. Myriniaceae Schimp. Amblystegiaceae G.Roth Calliergonaceae Vanderp., Hedenäs, C.J.Cox & A.J.Shaw Scorpidiaceae Ignatov & Ignatova Leskeaceae Schimp. Pseudoleskeaceae Schimp. Pseudoleskeellaceae Ignatov & Ignatova Thuidiaceae Schimp. Brachytheciaceae Schimp. Hypnaceae Schimp. Callicladiaceae Jan Kučera & Ignatov Taxiphyllaceae Ignatov Pylaisiadelphaceae Goffinet & W.R.Buck Jocheniaceae Jan Kučera & Ignatov Stereodontaceae Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt Pylaisiaceae Schimp. Sematophyllaceae Broth. Hylocomiaceae M.Fleisch. Rhytidiaceae Broth. Entodontaceae Kindb. Cryphaeaceae Schimp. Leucodontaceae Schimp. Antitrichiaceae Ignatov & Ignatova Neckeraceae Schimp. Heterocladiellaceae Ignatov & Fedosov Lembophyllaceae Broth. Echinodiaceae Broth. Myuriaceae M.Fleisch. Anomodontaceae Kindb. List of Taxa Subdivisions (‘-phytina’), subclasses (‘-ideae’) and suborders (‘-ineae’), shown in the taxonomic synopsis above, are not listed in the main checklist, but subfamilies (‘-oideae’) are included. Tribes and subtribes are included in the Lejeuneaceae, as they are fairly useful divisions. Hornworts ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA ANTHOCEROTOPSIDA DE BARY EX JANCZ . Anthocerotales Limpr. Anthocerotaceae Dumort. 1 Anthoceros L. 1 A. agrestis Paton [Anthoceros punctatus subsp. agrestis (Paton) Damsh., Anthoceros punctatus var. douinii (R.M.Schust.) Damsh.] 2 A. caucasicus Steph. 3 A. neesii Prosk. 4 A. punctatus L. Phymatocerotales R.J.Duff Phymatocerotaceae R.J.Duff 2 Phymatoceros Stotler 1 P. bulbiculosus (Brot.) Stotler, W.T.Doyle & Crand.-Stotl. [Phaeoceros bulbiculosus (Brot.) Prosk.] Notothyladales Hyvönen & Piippo Notothyladaceae Müll.Frib. ex Prosk. Notothyloideae Grolle 3 Notothylas Sull. subgenus Notothylas 1 N. orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull. Phaeocerotideae Hässel 4 Phaeoceros Prosk. 1 P. carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk. [Phaeoceros laevis subsp. carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk.] 2 P. laevis (L.) Prosk. Liverworts MARCHANTIOPHYTA HAPLOMITRIOPSIDA STOTLER & CRAND.- STOTL. Calobryales Hamlin Haplomitriaceae Dědeček 1 Haplomitrium Nees subgenus Haplomitrium section Haplomitrium 1 H. hookeri (Lyell ex Sm.) Nees JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY a var. hookeri1 subgenus Sudeticae (Schljakov) L.Söderstr., De Roo & Hedd. [Pseudolophozia Konstant. & Vilnet] 5 B. sudetica (Nees ex Huebener) L.Söderstr., De Roo & Hedd. [Lophozia alpestris auct. non (Schleich. ex F.Weber) A.Evans, Lophozia sudetica (Nees ex Huebener) Grolle, Pseudolophozia sudetica (Nees ex Huebener) Konstant. & Vilnet, Lophozia sudetica var. anomala (Schljakov) Schljakov, Lophozia debiliformis R.M.Schust. & Damsh., Pseudolophozia debiliformis (R.M.Schust. & Damsh.) Konstant. & Vilnet, Lophozia debiliformis var. concolor R.M.Schust. & Damsh.]3 JUNGERMANNIOPSIDA STOTLER & CRAND.- STOTL. Jungermanniales H.Klinggr. Adelanthaceae Grolle Adelanthoideae K.Feldberg 2 Adelanthus Mitt. section Lindenbergiani Grolle 1 A. lindenbergianus (Lehm.) Mitt. 3 Pseudomarsupidium Herzog 1 P. decipiens (Hook.) Grolle [Adelanthus decipiens (Hook.) Mitt.] Jamesonielloideae Inoue 4 Syzygiella Spruce [Jamesoniella (Spruce) F.Lees, Crossogyna (R.M.Schust.) Schljakov] subgenus Syzygiella 1 S. autumnalis (DC.) K.Feldberg, Váňa, Hentschel & Heinrichs [Jamesoniella autumnalis (DC.) Steph., Crossogyna autumnalis (DC.) Schljakov] 2 S. rubricaulis (Nees) Steph. [Jamesoniella rubricaulis (Nees) Grolle] 8 Biantheridion (Grolle) Konstant. & Vilnet 1 B. undulifolium (Nees) Konstant. & Vilnet [Jamesoniella undulifolia (Nees) Müll.Frib.] 9 Crossocalyx Meyl 1 C. hellerianus (Nees ex Lindenb.) Meyl. [Anastrophyllum hellerianum (Nees ex Lindenb.) R.M.Schust.] 10 Gymnocolea (Dumort.) Dumort. 1 G. borealis (Frisvoll & Moen) R.M.Schust. 2 G. fascinifera Potemkin4 3 G. inflata (Huds.) Dumort. a subsp. acutiloba (Schiffn.) R.M.Schust. ex L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Gymnocolea acutiloba (Schiffn.) Müll.Frib.]5 b subsp. inflata [Gymnocolea inflata var. heterostipa (Carringt. ex Spruce) Müll.Frib.] 11 Isopaches H.Buch 1 I. alboviridis (R.M.Schust.) Schljakov6 2 I. bicrenatus (Schmidel ex Hoffm.) H.Buch [Lophozia bicrenata (Schmidel ex Hoffm.) Dumort.] 3 I. decolorans (Limpr.) H.Buch [Lophozia decolorans (Limpr.) Steph.] 12 Neoorthocaulis L.Söderstr. 1 N. attenuatus (Mart.) L.Söderstr., De Hedd. [Barbilophozia attenuata Loeske, Orthocaulis attenuatus A.Evans, Lophozia attenuata Dumort.] Anastrophyllaceae L.Söderstr., De Roo & Hedd. 5 Anastrepta (Lindb.) Schiffn. 1 A. orcadensis (Hook.) Schiffn. 6 7 1 Anastrophyllum (Spruce) Steph. 1 A. alpinum Steph.2 2 A. assimile (Mitt.) Steph. [Anastrophyllum assimile var. nardioides (Lindb.) Damsh.] 3 A. donnianum (Hook.) Steph. 4 A. joergensenii Schiffn. 5 A. michauxii (F.Weber) H.Buch Barbilophozia Loeske subgenus Barbilophozia 1 B. barbata (Schmidel ex Schreb.) Loeske [Lophozia barbata (Schmidel ex Schreb.) Dumort.] 2 B. hatcheri (A.Evans) Loeske [Lophozia hatcheri (A.Evans) Steph.] 3 B. lycopodioides (Wallr.) Loeske [Lophozia lycopodioides (Wallr.) Cogn.] 4 B. rubescens (R.M.Schust. & Damsh.) Kartt. & L.Söderstr. [Lophozia rubescens R.M.Schust. & Damsh.] 9 Roo & (Mart.) (Mart.) Mart.) Haplomitrium hookeri var. minutum (E.O.Campb.) Barthol.-Began occurs in Japan and New Zealand. Anastrophyllum alpinum was synonymised with Anastrophyllum joergensenii by Grolle (1964) but reinstated at species level by Long et al. (2006). 3 Lophozia debiliformis was not recognised in Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016), following Söderström, De Roo, et al. (2010), although it was sometimes recognised in later publications. It was nested within Barbilophozia sudetica in the molecular studies by de Roo et al. (2007) and Vilnet, Konstantinova, et al. (2010) although neither type material nor material from the type locality was included. The ‘taxon’ is common in the mountains of Europe (e.g. in Scandinavia, the Alps) and elsewhere and may be a modification of harsh environments. 4 Gymnocolea fascinifera was described from Yamal Peninsula and recently recorded for European Russia from Komi Republic by Potemkin (2008). 5 The taxonomic value of Gymnocolea inflata subsp. acutiloba is unclear. A detailed study is needed to clarify whether this is an extreme form of Gymnocolea inflata s.str. 6 Isopaches alboviridis was recently recorded from European Russia in Leningrad (Potemkin and Rozantseva 2015) and Murmansk Provinces (Borovichev 2008). 2 10 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 2 N. binsteadii (Kaal.) L.Söderstr., De Roo & Hedd. [Barbilophozia binsteadii (Kaal.) Loeske, Orthocaulis binsteadii (Kaal.) H.Buch, Lophozia binsteadii (Kaal.) A.Evans] 3 N. floerkei (F.Weber & D.Mohr) L.Söderstr., De Roo & Hedd. [Barbilophozia floerkei (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Loeske, Orthocaulis floerkei (F.Weber & D.Mohr) H.Buch, Lophozia floerkei (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schiffn.] 4 N. hyperboreus (R.M.Schust.) L.Söderstr., De Roo & Hedd. [Barbilophozia hyperborea (R.M.Schust.) Potemkin, Orthocaulis hyperboreus (R.M.Schust.) Konstant.] 13 Orthocaulis H.Buch 1 O. atlanticus (Kaal.) H.Buch [Barbilophozia atlantica (Kaal.) Müll.Frib., Lophozia atlantica (Kaal.) Müll.Frib.] 2 O. cavifolius H.Buch & S.W.Arnell [Sphenolobus cavifolius (H.Buch & S.W.Arnell) Müll.Frib., Anastrophyllum cavifolium (H.Buch & S.W.Arnell) Lammes, Lophozia cavifolia (H.Buch & S.W.Arnell) R.M.Schust.] 14 Schizophyllopsis Váňa & L.Söderstr. 1 S. sphenoloboides (R.M.Schust.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Anastrophyllum sphenoloboides R.M.Schust.]7 15 Schljakovia Konstant. & Vilnet 1 S. kunzeana (Huebener) Konstant. & Vilnet [Barbilophozia kunzeana (Huebener) Müll.Frib., Lophozia kunzeana (Huebener) A.Evans] 16 Schljakovianthus Konstant. & Vilnet 1 S. quadrilobus (Lindb.) Konstant. & Vilnet [Barbilophozia quadriloba (Lindb.) Loeske, Lophozia quadriloba (Lindb.) A.Evans, Lophozia quadriloba var. glareosa (Jørg.) Jørg.] 17 Sphenolobopsis R.M.Schust. & N.Kitag. 1 S. pearsonii (Spruce) R.M.Schust. 7 18 Sphenolobus (Lindb.) Berggr. 1 S. minutus (Schreb. ex D.Crantz) Berggr. [Anastrophyllum minutum (Schreb. ex D.Crantz) R.M.Schust., Anastrophyllum minutum var. weberi (Mart.) Kartt.] 2 S. saxicola (Schrad.) Steph. [Anastrophyllum saxicola (Schrad.) R.M.Schust.] 19 Tetralophozia (R.M.Schust.) Schljakov 1 T. filiformis (Steph.) Urmi 2 T. setiformis (Ehrh.) Schljakov Cephaloziaceae Mig. Cephalozioideae Müll.Frib. 20 Cephalozia (Dumort.) Dumort. 1 C. ambigua C.Massal. [Cephalozia bicuspidata var. paludosa Jørg. ex Damsh. nom. inval.] 2 C. bicuspidata (L.) Dumort. a subsp. bicuspidata b subsp. lammersiana (Huebener) R.M.Schust.8 3 C. crossii Spruce9 4 C. lacinulata (J.B.Jack ex Gottsche & Rabenh.) Spruce 5 C. macounii (Austin) Austin 21 Fuscocephaloziopsis Fulford [Pleurocladula Grolle] 1 F. affinis (Lindb. ex Steph.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Cephalozia affinis Lindb. ex Steph., Pleurocladula affinis (Lindb. ex Steph.) Konstant., Vilnet & Troitsky] 2 F. albescens (Hook.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Pleurocladula albescens (Hook.) Grolle] a var. albescens b var. islandica (Nees) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Pleurocladula albescens var. islandica (Nees) L.Söderstr. & Váňa] 3 F. catenulata (Huebener) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Cephalozia catenulata (Huebener) Lindb., Pleurocladula catenulata (Huebener) Konstant., Vilnet & Troitsky] a subsp. catenulata10 4 F. connivens (Dicks.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Cephalozia connivens (Dicks.) Lindb., Pleurocladula connivens (Dicks.) Konstant., Vilnet & Trotsky] a subsp. connivens [Cephalozia connivens var. compacta (Warnst.) W.E.Nicholson ex Macvicar]11 Schizophyllopsis sphenoloboides was nested within Anastrophyllum in the study by Vilnet, Konstantinova, et al. (2010) which led Stotler and Crandall-Stotler (2017) to retain it in that genus. As it is the type of Schizophyllopsis, this means that the whole genus would disappear. However, Vilnet, Konstantinova, et al. (2010) did not include any other member of the genus, or the type of Anastrophyllum, in their studies. We thus retain Schizophyllopsis pending further studies. 8 Cephalozia bicuspidata subsp. lammersiana has a long history of debate on whether it is worth recognizing at any level. The issue requires a molecular study before it can be resolved. 9 Cephalozia crossii was reported from the Canary Islands (Schäfer-Verwimp and Váňa in Ellis, Afonina, et al. 2018). 10 Fuscocephaloziopsis catenulata subsp. nipponica (S.Hatt.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. occurs in SE Asia. 11 Fuscocephaloziopsis connivens subsp. fissa (Steph.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. occurs in Africa and SE Asia and subsp. sandwicensis (Mont.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. in Hawaii, Tahiti and Central America. JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 5 F. crassifolia (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Cephalozia crassifolia (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Fulford] 6 F. leucantha (Spruce) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Cephalozia leucantha Spruce, Pleurocladula leucantha (Spruce) Konstant., Vilnet & Troitsky, Cephalozia leucantha var. robusta Schljakov] 7 F. loitlesbergeri (Schiffn.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Cephalozia loitlesbergeri Schiffn., Pleurocladula loitlesbergeri (Schiff.) Konstant., Vilnet & Troitsky] 8 F. lunulifolia (Dumort.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Cephalozia lunulifolia (Dumort.) Dumort., Pleurocladula lunulifolia (Dumort.) Konstant., Vilnet & Troitsky] 9 F. macrostachya (Kaal.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Cephalozia macrostachya Kaal., Pleurocladula macrostachya (Kaal.) Konstant., Vilnet & Troitsky] a subsp. macrostachya12 i. var. macrostachya ii. var. spiniflora (Schiffn.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. 10 F. pleniceps (Austin) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Cephalozia pleniceps (Austin) Lindb., Pleurocladula pleniceps (Austin) Konstant., Vilnet & Troitsky] a var. pleniceps [Cephalozia pleniceps var. sphagnorum (C.Massal.) Jørg.]13 22 Nowellia Mitt. section Nowellia 1 N. curvifolia (Dicks.) Mitt. Odontoschismatoideae H.Buch ex Grolle. 23 Odontoschisma (Dumort.) Dumort. [Cladopodiella H.Buch] section Cladopodiella (H.Buch) Gradst., S.C.Aranda & Vanderp. 1 O. francisci (Hook.) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Cladopodiella francisci (Hook.) Jørg.] 12 11 section Denudata R.M.Schust. 2 O. denudatum (Mart.) Dumort. a subsp. denudatum14 3 O. elongatum (Lindb.) A.Evans 4 O. macounii (Austin) Underw. section Neesii Gradst., S.C.Aranda & Vanderp. 5 O. fluitans (Nees) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Cladopodiella fluitans (Nees) H.Buch] section Odontoschisma 6 O. sphagni (Dicks.) Dumort. [Odontoschisma prostratum (Sw.) Trevis.]15 Cephaloziellaceae Douin16 24 Cephaloziella (Spruce) Schiffn. [Dichiton Mont.]17 subgenus Cephaloziella 1 C. arctogena (R.M.Schust.) Konstant. [Cephaloziella rubella subsp. arctogena (R.M.Schust.) R.M.Schust. & Damsh.] 2 C. aspericaulis Jørg. 3 C. baumgartneri Schiffn. 4 C. divaricata (Sm.) Schiffn. a var. divaricata [Cephaloziella divaricata var. rupestris (C.E.O.Jensen) Damsh. nom. inval.] b var. scabra (M.Howe) Haynes [Cephaloziella divaricata var. asperifolia (Taylor) Damsh.]18 5 C. elachista (J.B.Jack ex Gottsche & Rabenh.) Schiffn. a var. elachista19 6 C. elegans (Heeg) Schiffn. [Cephaloziella rubella var. elegans (Heeg) R.M.Schust.] 7 C. grimsulana (J.B.Jack ex Gottsche & Rabenh.) Lacout. 8 C. hampeana (Nees) Schiffn. ex Loeske [Cephaloziella hampeana var. subtilis (Velen) Macvicar] 9 C. massalongi (Spruce) Müll.Frib. [Cephaloziella massalongi var. compacta (Jørg.) Müll.Frib.] 10 C. nicholsonii Douin Fuscocephaloziopsis macrostachya subsp. australis (R.M.Schust.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. occurs in SE USA. Fuscocephaloziopsis pleniceps var. caroliniana (R.M.Schust.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. occurs in SE USA. 14 Odontoschisma denudatum subsp. naviculare (Steph.) Gradst., S.C.Aranda & Vanderp. occurs in E Asia and subsp. sandvicense (Ångstr.) Gradst., S.C.Aranda & Vanderp. in Japan and Hawaii. 15 Odontoschisma prostratum was recently synonymised by Aranda et al. (2014) based on molecular data. 16 Cephaloziellaceae is here treated in a very broad sense following Váňa et al. (2013). Several genera (Obtusifolium, Oleolophozia, Protolophozia) have recently been excluded from other families and been indicated to belong closer to Cephaloziellaceae, but there is no comprehensive study of this phylogenetic region. To avoid monogeneric families of doubtful value the World Checklist (Söderström, Hagborg, et al. 2016) included everything in the only available family name, Cephaloziellaceae, as a sort of ‘superfamily’, which we are following here. 17 Cephaloziella is one of the most difficult liverwort genera. Almost all taxa are difficult to determine, and their taxonomy and distribution is poorly understood. Bell et al. (2013) provided evidence that the molecular data do not match morphological identifications. Type-based studies using molecular data are urgently needed. 18 The taxonomic value of Cephaloziella divaricata var. scabra is controversial. In Central Europe var. scabra intergrades with var. divaricata and is possibly only a morph of shady habitats (Köckinger 2017). 19 Cephaloziella elachista var. spinophylla (C.Gao) C.Gao occurs in China. 13 12 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 11 phyllacantha (C.Massal. & Carestia) Müll.Frib. 12 C. polystratosa (R.M.Schust. & Damsh.) Konstant. [Cephaloziella divaricata var. polystratosa (R.M.Schust. & Damsh.) Potemkin]20 13 C. rubella (Nees) Warnst. [Cephaloziella rubella var. sullivantii (Austin) Müll.Frib. ex R.M.Schust., Cephaloziella rubella var. bifida (Lindb.) Douin, Cephaloziella rubella var. pulchella (C.E.O.Jensen) R.M.Schust.] 14 C. spinigera (Lindb.) Jørg. [Cephaloziella spinigera f. striatula (C.E.O.Jensen) Damsh., Cephaloziella subdentata Warnst.] 15 C. stellulifera (Taylor ex Carrington & Pearson) Croz. [Cephaloziella stellulifera var. limprichtii (Warnst.) Macvicar] 16 C. uncinata R.M.Schust. a var. uncinata21 17 C. varians (Gottsche) Steph. [Cephaloziella alpina Douin, Cephaloziella arctica Bryhn & Douin, Cephaloziella varians var. arctica (Bryhn & Douin) Damsh., Cephaloziella varians var. scabra (S.W.Arnell) Damsh.] subgenus Dichiton (Mont.) Müll.Frib. 18 C. calyculata (Durieu & Mont.) Müll.Frib. 19 C. integerrima (Lindb.) Warnst. [Dichiton integerrimum (Lindb.) H.Buch, Cephaloziella integerrima var. obtusa Müll.Frib.] subgenus Evansia (Douin & Schiffn.) Müll.Frib. 20 C. dentata (Raddi) Steph. subgenus Prionolobus (Spruce) Müll.Frib. 21 C. granatensis (J.B.Jack ex Steph.) Fulford 22 C. turneri (Hook.) Müll.Frib. 25 Obtusifolium S.W.Arnell 1 O. obtusum (Lindb.) S.W.Arnell (Lophozia obtusa (Lindb.) A.Evans) 26 Oleolophozia L.Söderstr., De Roo & Hedd. 1 O. perssonii (H.Buch & S.W.Arnell) L.Söderstr., De Roo & Hedd. [Lophozia perssonii H.Buch & S.W.Arnell, Lophoziopsis 20 perssonii (H.Buch & S.W.Arnell) Konstant. & Vilnet] C. 27 Protolophozia (R.M.Schust.) Schljakov 1 P. elongata (Steph.) Schljakov [Lophozia elongata Steph.] 2 P. herzogiana (E.A.Hodgs. & Grolle) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Lophozia herzogiana E.A.Hodgs. & Grolle] Lophoziaceae Cavers 28 Heterogemma (Jørg.) Konstant. & Vilnet [Massularia Schljakov nom. illeg.] 1 H. capitata (Hook.) Konstant. & Vilnet [Lophozia capitata (Hook.) Macoun] 2 H. laxa (Lindb.) Konstant. & Vilnet [Lophozia laxa (Lindb.) Grolle, Massularia laxa (Lindb.) Schljakov] 29 Lophozia (Dumort.) Dumort.22 1 L. ascendens (Warnst.) R.M.Schust. [Lophozia gracillima H.Buch] 2 L. ciliata Damsh., L.Söderstr. & H.Weibull 3 L. fuscovirens Bakalin & Vilnet23 4 L. guttulata (Lindb. & Arnell) A.Evans [Lophozia porphyroleuca (Nees) Schiffn. nom. illeg., Lophozia longiflora auct. (sensu Grolle and Long 2000; Söderström, Urmi, et al. 2002; Damsholt 2002), Lophozia longiflora var. guttulata (Lindb. & Arnell) Schljakov]24 5 L. lantratoviae Bakalin25 6 L. longiflora (Nees) Schiffn. [Lophozia ventricosa var. longiflora (Nees) Macoun, Lophozia ventricosa var. uliginosa auct. (sensu Söderström, Urmi, et al. 2002; Damsholt 2002)]26 7 L. murmanica Kaal. [Lophozia groenlandica auct. (sensu Grolle and Long 2000; Söderström, Urmi, et al. 2002), Lophozia wenzelii var. groenlandica auct. (sensu Bakalin 2005; Konstantinova, Bakalin, et al. 2009), Lophozia confertifolia auct. (sensu Konstantinova, Potemkin, et al. 1992), Cephaloziella polystratosa was elevated to species rank by Konstantinova (2000b). It is reported from several places in European Russia and Svalbard. Cephaloziella uncinata var. brevigyna R.M.Schust. & Damsh. and var. sphagnicola R.M.Schust. occur in North America. Schuster (1988; cf. also Damsholt 2013) also described a var. mamillosa R.M.Schust. & Damsh. from Greenland, but that name is invalid and we do not validate it here. 22 The genus Lophozia includes many taxonomically and nomenclaturally problematic taxa, as outlined in Söderström, Váňa, et al. (2013). 23 Lophozia fuscovirens was recently described from the Russian Far East (Bakalin and Vilnet 2019) and is found also on Svalbard (N. Konstantinova in prep.). 24 For Lophozia guttulata, see footnote on Lophozia longiflora. 25 Lophozia lantratoviae is a recently described species reported from Caucasus by Konstantinova, Akatova, et al. (2009). 26 Since Schljakov (1980), Lophozia longiflora has been used to include Lophozia guttulata, a species mostly restricted to moist dead wood habitats. Lophozia longiflora was lectotypified by Bakalin (2016). The lectotype corresponds to the concept of Müller (1954), Saukel (1985), Meinunger and Schröder (2007), Bakalin (2016) and Köckinger (2017), describing a species occurring mostly on peaty soil and in rocky habitats, but not the concept of Grolle and Long (2000), which corresponds to our Lophozia guttulata. 21 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 27 Lophozia heteromorpha R.M.Schust. & Damsh.]27 L. savicziae Schljakov [Lophozia silvicola var. grandiretis H.Buch & S.W.Arnell, Lophozia ventricosa var. grandiretis (H.Buch & S.W.Arnell) R.M.Schust. & Damsh., Lophozia murmanica auct. (sensu Schljakov 1969)] L. schusteriana Schljakov [Lophozia groenlandica auct. (sensu Schuster 1969)]28 L. silvicola H.Buch [Lophozia ventricosa auct. (sensu Müller 1954; Schljakov 1980; Meinunger and Schröder 2007; Köckinger 2017; non Grolle and Long 2000), Lophozia ventricosa var. silvicola (H.Buch) E.W.Jones]29 L. silvicoloides N.Kitag.30 L. subapiculata R.M.Schust. & Damsh.31 L. ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort. [Lophozia groenlandica auct. (sensu Schljakov 1980, 1998), Lophozia confertifolia auct. (sensu Schljakov 1975, 1998; Ştefănuţ 2008), Lophozia murmanica auct. (sensu Schljakov 1970), Lophozia ventricosa var. confusa R.M.Schust.]32 L. wenzelii (Nees) Steph. [Lophozia groenlandica auct. (sensu Damsholt 1994, 2002; Ştefănuţ 2008), Lophozia confertifolia Schiffn. (sensu Damsholt 2002; Köckinger 2017), Lophozia ventricosa 13 var. uliginosa Breidl. ex Schiffn., Lophozia iremelensis Schljakov]33 a var. lapponica H.Buch & S.W.Arnell b var. litoralis (Arnell) Bakalin c var. massularioides Bakalin d var. wenzelii 30 Lophoziopsis Konstant. & Vilnet 1 L. excisa (Dicks.) Konstant. & Vilnet [Lophozia excisa (Dicks.) Dumort.] a var. elegans (R.M.Schust.) Konstant. & Vilnet [Schistochilopsis elegans (R.M. Schust.) Konstant.] b var. excisa [Lophozia excisa var. cylindracea (Dumort.) Müll.Frib.]34 2 L. jurensis (Meyl. ex Müll.Frib.) Mamontov & Vilnet [Lophozia jurensis Meyl. ex Müll. Frib., Lophozia propagulifera auct. eur., Lophoziopsis propagulifera auct. eur., Lophozia latifolia R.M.Schust., Lophoziopsis latifolia (R.M.Schust.) Köckinger]35 3 L. longidens (Lindb.) Konstant. & Vilnet [Lophozia longidens (Lindb.) Macoun] a subsp. arctica (R.M.Schust.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Lophoziopsis rubrigemma f. arctica (R.M.Schust.) Bakalin] b subsp. longidens 4 L. pellucida (R.M.Schust.) Konstant. & Vilnet [Lophozia pellucida R.M.Schust.] Lophozia murmanica was placed in synonymy with Lophozia groenlandica with a question mark (together with Lophozia heteromorpha, also with a question mark) by Schljakov (1998). This concept has led to questionable reports of Lophozia murmanica from many areas of Europe. 28 Lophozia schusteriana is a new name given to Lophozia groenlandica sensu Schuster (1969) by Schljakov (1975). Schljakov also rejected all reports from Europe but Vilnet, Konstantinova, et al. (2010) reported it later from Svalbard. 29 For Lophozia silvicola, see footnote under Lophozia ventricosa. 30 Lophozia silvicoloides is originally described from E Asia and recently reported from Svalbard (Vilnet, Milyutina, et al. 2005) and European Russia in Murmansk Province and the Republic of Bashkortostan (Bakalin 2001). 31 Lophozia subapiculata is a critical taxon that was synonymised with Lophozia ventricosa by Bakalin (2005) but recognised as a separate species and reported from Svalbard by Konstantinova and Savchenko (2018). 32 The Lophozia ventricosa/wenzelii complex has never been studied in detail worldwide using both molecular and morphological methods. Vilnet, Konstantinova, et al. (2010) and de Roo et al. (2007) concentrated on other problems and did not include a sufficient number of specimens of these and related taxa to include the full morphological variation of this group. The taxonomy proposed here is based mostly on morphological studies (which, however, are contradictory!) and is therefore provisional pending future research. The name Lophozia ventricosa has been applied to different concepts since Buch (1929) described Lophozia silvicola (see also Buch 1932) and has often included the latter as synonym. The neotype chosen by Grolle and Long (2000) for Lophozia ventricosa define it as different from Lophozia silvicola. However, there are some doubts if this neotype represents Lophozia ventricosa sensu Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016) or is a form of Lophozia wenzelii (see Meinunger and Schröder 2007; Köckinger 2017). Lophozia ventricosa is here understood as a plant with the overall morphology and anatomy of Lophozia silvicola but showing homogeneous granular oil bodies. The neotype of Grolle and Long (2000) needs a reinvestigation as it approaches what we understand as Lophozia wenzelii. 33 Lophozia wenzelii is very close to Lophozia ventricosa according to molecular studies by De Roo et al. (2007) and Vilnet, Konstantinova, et al. (2010), but refer to the footnote under Lophozia ventricosa concerning the neotype of the latter species. Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016) did not accept any subspecific taxa but we list some here accepted in the revision of Lophozia for Russia (Bakalin 2005) to draw attention to the need for further studies of this complex. Lophozia groenlandica has been used in at least three different senses (see Söderström, Váňa, et al. 2013). Although being one of the oldest names in the complex, we refrain from using it in any sense until its affinity is better defined. Schljakov (in Konstantinova, Potemkin, et al. 1992) proposed to reject the name Lophozia groenlandica (but never formally did it) and changed it for Lophozia confertifolia. Lophozia confertifolia has also been used in several senses and we here refrain to use it in any specific sense until it is lectotypified (and possibly epitypified if needed). 34 Lophoziopsis excisa var. infuscata (R.M.Schust. & Damsh.) Konstant. & Vilnet and var. succulenta (R.M.Schust. & Damsh.) Konstant. & Vilnet. occur in arctic North America and Siberia. 35 Lophoziopsis jurensis is a problematic taxon. It was synonymised with Lophozia latifolia by Schljakov (1980) and with Lophozia propagulifera by Bakalin (2005). Borovichev and Mamontov (2017; see also Köckinger 2017) rejected the synonymy, as European specimens differed molecularily from specimens named Lophoziopsis propagulifera from Kamchatka. However, there is as yet no study to determine whether Lophoziopsis latifolia (type from arctic North America), specimens of Lophoziopsis propagulifera from the Southern Hemisphere (type from South Georgia) and Lophoziopsis jurensis (type from the Alps) are genetically different. We here list only one species, assuming that the Southern Hemisphere taxon is different, and following Schljakov (1980) in regarding Lophoziopsis latifolia as a synonym of Lophoziopsis jurensis. 14 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 5 6 31 32 a var. minor (R.M.Schust.) L.Söderstr. & Váňa b var. pellucida L. polaris (R.M.Schust.) Konstant. & Vilnet [Lophozia polaris (R.M.Schust.) R.M.Schust & Damsh.] a var. polaris b var. sphagnorum (R.M.Schust.) Konstant. & Vilnet L. rubrigemma (R.M.Schust.) Konstant. & Vilnet [Lophozia rubrigemma R.M.Schust.] Trilophozia (R.M.Schust.) Bakalin 1 T. quinquedentata (Huds.) Bakalin [Tritomaria quinquedentata (Huds.) H.Buch, Tritomaria quinquedentata subsp. turgida (Lindb.) Damsh., Trilophozia quinquedentata subsp. turgida (Lindb.) Konstant., Tritomaria quinquedentata f. gracilis (C.E.O.Jensen) R.M.Schust., Tritomaria quinquedentata var. dentata S.W.Arnell nom. inval., Tritomaria quinquedentata var. grandiretis H.Buch & S.W.Arnell] a var. quinquedentata36 Tritomaria Schiffn. ex Loeske 1 T. exsecta (Schmidel) Schiffn. ex Loeske a subsp. exsecta37 2 T. exsectiformis (Breidl.) Schiffn. ex Loeske a subsp. arctica R.M.Schust. b subsp. exsectiformis38 3 T. scitula (Taylor) Jørg. Scapaniaceae Mig. 33 Diplophyllum (Dumort.) Dumort. section Diplophyllum 1 D. albicans (L.) Dumort. section Protodiplophyllum (R.M.Schust.) Váňa & L.Söderstr. 2 D. obtusatum (R.M.Schust.) R.M.Schust.39 36 3 D. a 4 D. a obtusifolium (Hook.) Dumort. subsp. obtusifolium40 taxifolium (Wahlenb.) Dumort. var. taxifolium [Diplophyllum taxifolium var. macrostictum H.Buch]41 34 Douinia (C.E.O.Jensen) H.Buch 1 D. ovata (Dicks.) H.Buch 35 Pseudotritomaria Konstant. & Vilnet 1 P. heterophylla (R.M.Schust.) Konstant. & Vilnet42 36 Saccobasis H.Buch 1 S. polita (Nees) H.Buch [Tritomaria polita (Nees) Jørg.] 2 S. polymorpha (R.M.Schust.) Schljakov [Tritomaria polita subsp. polymorpha R.M.Schust.]43 37 Scapania (Dumort.) Dumort. subgenus Gracilidae (H.Buch) Váňa, Hentschel, Joch.Müll. & Heinrichs 1 S. gracilis Lindb. subgenus Plicaticalyx Müll.Frib. section Planifoliae (Müll.Frib.) Potemkin 2 S. nimbosa Taylor 3 S. ornithopodioides44 (With.) Waddell subgenus Scapania section Aequilobae (Müll.Frib.) H.Buch 4 S. aequiloba (Schwägr.) Dumort. 5 S. aspera M.Bernet & Bernet section Apiculatae H.Buch 6 S. apiculata Spruce 7 S. carinthiaca J.B.Jack ex Lindb.45 a var. carinthiaca b var. massalongi Müll.Frib. 8 S. umbrosa (Schrad.) Dumort. section Compactae (Müll.Frib.) H.Buch 9 S. compacta (Roth) Dumort. 10 S. kaurinii Ryan Trilophozia quinquedentata var. assymetrica (Horik.) L.Söderstr. & Váňa occurs in E Asia. Tritomaria quinquedentata is a polymorphic species with many infraspecific taxa described, but the value of them are questioned. The only infrataxon known to be included in a molecular study (subsp. turgida) was nested among other specimens morphologically belonging to subsp. quinquedentata (De Roo et al. 2007). 37 Tritomaria exsecta subsp. novaezelandia J.J.Engel occurs in New Zealand. 38 Tritomaria exsectiformis subsp. camerunensis S.W.Arnell ex Váňa occurs in Africa. 39 Diplophyllum obtusatum is close to or possibly conspecific with Diplophyllum obtusifolium, differing mainly in being autoicious vs. paroicious. Urmi (2017) regarded them as conspecific but did not formally treat them as such. In addition, Bakalin and Vilnet (2018) treated all reports of both species from Asia as belonging to their new species, Diplophyllum sibiricum Vilnet & Bakalin, and regarded Diplophyllum obtusatum as an American taxon of unclear status. However, they did not include any American or European specimen of Diplophyllum obtusatum to confirm this conclusion. 40 Diplophyllum obtusifolium subsp. domesticum (Gottsche) Váňa occurs in the Subantarctic. 41 Diplophyllum taxifolium var. mucronatum R.M.Schust. occurs in North America. 42 Pseudotritomaria heterophylla is reported from Franz Josef Land but “the material is poor” (Konstantinova and Potemkin 1996) and the taxon was not included in the list of Grolle and Long (2000). We include it here with some hesitation. 43 Saccobasis polymorpha was included (as Tritomaria polymorpha) in Tritomaria polita by Grolle and Long (2000). 44 Withering (1776) originally spelt the species epithet of Scapania ornithopodioides as “ornithopoides”, a spelling Potemkin (2019) argued should be retained, referring to ICN Art. 60.1 (Turland et al. 2018). However, Grolle (1973) argued that “ornithopoides” is bad Latin and in addition that Withering referred to Dillenius’ pre-Linnean name “… ornithopodii minor …”. Thus Grolle (1973) rejected the original spelling as an orthographic or typographic error, which has been widely accepted and is followed here. 45 There are two morphotypes of Scapania carianthiaca (Scapania carinthiaca s.str. and Scapania massalongi), which were for a long time treated as separate taxa (Müller 1954), before being synonymised by Potemkin (1999). Most records in Europe belong to the massalongi-morphototype, while the carinthiacamorphotype is very rare. Further studies with fertile plants are desirable, especially as two morphotypes can be distinguished in the Alps, following Meinunger and Schröder (2007) and others. JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 11 S. spitsbergensis (Lindb.) Müll.Frib. section Curtae (Müll.Frib.) H.Buch 12 S. curta (Mart.) Dumort. a var. curta b var. grandiretis R.M.Schust. c var. isoloba R.M.Schust. 13 S. helvetica Gottsche 14 S. irrigua (Nees) Nees a subsp. irrigua [Scapania irrigua var. rubescens H.Buch] b subsp. rufescens (Loeske) R.M.Schust. 15 S. lingulata H.Buch a var. lingulata b var. microphylla (Warnst.) R.M.Schust. 16 S. mucronata H.Buch 17 S. obcordata (Berggr.) S.W.Arnell [Scapania paradoxa R.M.Schust.] 18 S. parvifolia Warnst. 19 S. praetervisa Meyl. [Scapania mucronata subsp. praetervisa (Meyl.) R.M.Schust.] 20 S. scandica (Arnell & H.Buch) Macvicar a var. argutedentata H.Buch b var. grandiretis (Schljakov) Schljakov c var. scandica46 21 S. uliginosa (Lindenb.) Dumort. 22 S. zemliae S.W.Arnell section Cuspiduligerae H.Buch 23 S. cuspiduligera (Nees) Müll.Frib. a var. cuspiduligera47 section Hyperboreae Váňa, Hentschel, Joch.Müll. & Heinrichs 24 S. hyperborea Jørg. 25 S. paludicola Loeske & Müll.Frib. [Scapania paludicola var. rufescens Damsh. nom. inval.] a var. paludicola48 b var. rotundiloba R.M.Schust. ex Konstant. & L.Söderstr. 26 S. tundrae (Arnell) H.Buch section Kaalaasia (H.Buch) Jørg. 27 S. calcicola (Arnell & J.Perss.) Ingham 28 S. gymnostomophila Kaal. 29 S. ligulifolia R.M.Schust. section Nemorosae (Müll.Frib.) H.Buch 30 S. crassiretis Bryhn 31 S. degenii Schiffn. ex Müll.Frib. [Scapania brevicaulis auct. eur. non Taylor, Scapania degenii var. dubia R.M.Schust., Scapania brevicaulis var. dubia (R.M.Schust.) Damsh.]49 46 15 32 S. nemorea (L.) Grolle section Scapania 33 S. obscura (Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen) Schiffn. 34 S. paludosa (Müll.Frib.) Müll.Frib. [Scapania paludosa var. isoloba Müll.Frib., Scapania paludosa var. rubiginosa Müll.Frib., Scapania paludosa var. vogesiaca Müll.Frib.] 35 S. subalpina (Nees ex Lindenb.) Dumort. a var. subalpina50 36 S. undulata (L.) Dumort. [Scapania undulata var. aequatiformis (De Not.) C.Massal. & Carestia, Scapania undulata var. dentata (Dumort.) Jørg., Scapania undulata var. oakesii (Austin) H.Buch] section Scapaniella (H.Buch) Potemkin 37 S. glaucocephala (Taylor) Austin a var. glaucocephala51 38 S. scapanioides (C.Massal.) Grolle [Scapania glaucocephala var. scapanioides (C.Massal.) Damsh.] section Simmonsiae (R.M.Schust.) Váňa, Hentschel, Joch.Müll. & Heinrichs 39 S. simmonsii Bryhn & Kaal. section Sphaeriferae Konstant. & Potemkin 40 S. sphaerifera H.Buch & Tuom. section Verrucosae Potemkin 41 S. verrucosa Heeg 38 Schistochilopsis (N.Kitag.) Konstant. 1 S. grandiretis (Lindb. ex Kaal.) Konstant. [Lophozia grandiretis (Lindb. ex Kaal.) Schiffn., Lophozia grandiretis var. parviretis R.M.Schust., Lophozia grandiretis var. proteidea (Arnell) Arnell] 2 S. hyperarctica Konstant. & L.Söderstr. [Lophozia hyperarctica R.M.Schust.] 3 S. incisa (Schrad.) Konstant. [Lophozia incisa (Schrad.) Dumort., Massularia incisa (Schrad.) Schljakov, Schistochilopsis incisa var. inermis (Müll.Frib.) Konstant.] 4 S. opacifolia (Culm. ex Meyl.) Konstant. [Lophozia opacifolia Culm. ex Meyl., Lophozia incisa subsp. opacifolia (Culm. ex Meyl.) R.M.Schust. & Damsh.] Acrobolbaceae E.A.Hodgs. Acrobolboideae R.M.Schust. ex Briscoe Scapania scandica var. dimorpha R.M.Schust. occurs in North America Scapania cuspiduligera var. diplophyllopsis R.M.Schust. occurs in North America. 48 Scapania paludicola var. viridigemma R.M.Schust. occurs in North America. 49 Scapania degenii was synonymised with Scapania brevicaulis by Potemkin (1998) but recognised by Konstantinova, Bakalin, et al. (2009). Scapania brevicaulis s.str. is an American taxon that has never been reported from Europe without Scapania degenii being included as as a synonym. 50 Scapania subalpina var. haynesiae Frye & L.Clark and var. muddiae C.D.Bird & W.S.Hong occur in North America. 51 Scapania glaucocephala var. saxicola (R.M.Schust.) Potemkin occurs in North America. 47 16 39 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Acrobolbus Nees [Tylimanthus Mitt.] 1 A. azoricus (Grolle & Perss.) Briscoe [Tylimanthus azoricus Grolle & Perss.] 2 A. madeirensis (Grolle & Perss.) Briscoe [Tylimanthus madeirensis Grolle & Perss.] 3 A. wilsonii Nees a var. wilsonii52 Antheliaceae R.M.Schust. 40 Anthelia (Dumort.) Dumort. 1 A. julacea (L.) Dumort. 2 A. juratzkana (Limpr.) Trevis. Arnelliaceae Nakai 41 Arnellia Lindb. 1 A. fennica (Gottsche) Lindb. Calypogeiaceae Arnell 42 Calypogeia Raddi subgenus Asperifoliae (Warnst.) R.M.Schust. 1 C. arguta Nees & Mont. subgenus Calypogeia 2 C. azorica Bischl. 3 C. azurea Stotler & Crotz 4 C. fissa (L.) Raddi a subsp. fissa b subsp. neogaea R.M.Schust. c var. paludosa (Warnst.) Damsh.53 5 C. integristipula Steph. 6 C. muelleriana (Schiffn.) Müll.Frib. a subsp. muelleriana [Calypogeia muelleriana var. erecta (Müll.Frib.) Müll.Frib.]54 7 C. neesiana (C.Massal. & Carestia) Müll.Frib. a subsp. neesiana [Calypogeia neesiana var. hygrophila Müll.Frib., Calypogeia neesiana var. repanda (Müll.Frib.) Meyl.]55 8 C. sphagnicola (Arnell & J.Perss.) Warnst. & Loeske 9 C. suecica (Arnell & J.Perss.) Müll.Frib. 43 52 Mnioloma Herzog subgenus Caracoma (Bischl.) R.M.Schust. 1 M. fuscum (Lehm.) R.M.Schust. Endogemmaceae Konstant.56 44 Endogemma Konstant. 1 E. caespiticia (Lindenb.) Konstant., Vilnet & A.V.Troitsky [Jungermannia caespiticia Lindenb.] Geocalycaceae H.Klinggr. 45 Geocalyx Nees 1 G. graveolens (Schrad.) Nees Gymnomitriaceae H.Klinggr. Gymnomitrioideae T.Jensen 46 Gymnomitrion Corda [Apomarsupella R.M.Schust.] 1 G. adustum Nees [Marsupella adusta (Nees) Spruce] 2 G. alpinum (Gottsche ex Husn.) Schiffn. [Marsupella alpina (Gottsche ex Husn.) Bernet] 3 G. brevissimum (Dumort.) Warnst. [Marsupella brevissima (Dumort.) Grolle] 4 G. commutatum (Limpr.) Schiffn. [Marsupella commutata (Limpr.) Bernet] 5 G. concinnatum (Lightf.) Corda 6 G. corallioides Nees 7 G. crenulatum Gottsche ex Carrington 8 G. obtusum Lindb. 9 G. revolutum (Nees) H.Philib. [Apomarsupella revoluta (Nees) R.M.Schust.] a subsp. revolutum57 47 Marsupella Dumort. 1 M. andreaeoides (Lindb.) Müll.Frib. 2 M. apiculata Schiffn. [Gymnomitrion apiculatum (Schiffn.) Müll.Frib.] 3 M. aquatica (Lindenb.) Schiffn. [Marsupella emarginata subsp. aquatica (Lindenb.) Meyl., Marsupella emarginata var. aquatica (Lindenb.) Dumort.]58 4 M. arctica (Berggr.) Bryhn & Kaal. 5 M. boeckii (Austin) Lindb. ex Kaal. 6 M. condensata (Ångstr. ex C.Hartm.) Lindb. ex Kaal. 7 M. emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort. [Marsupella emarginata var. pearsonii (Schiffn. ex Macvicar) Jørg.] Acrobolbus wilsonii var. andinus Spruce occurs in South America. Whether it belongs to Acrobolbus wilsonii or some other species is unclear, as Acrobolbus wilsonii is normally considered to be a European endemic. Damsholt (2017) transferred Calypogeia sphagnicola f. paludosa (Warnst.) R.M.Schust. to Calypogeia fissa. Buczkowska et al. (2018) included both ‘f. sphagnicola’ and ‘f. paludosa’ in their study on, primarily, the Calypogeia species with blue oil bodies. However, in their molecular phylogenetic tree, ‘paludosa’ came out distinctly separated from ‘sphagnicola’ and closer to Calypogeia fissa (supporting Damsholt’s view), although far enough from it that it should perhaps deserve recognition at species level. For now, to avoid premature nomenclatural changes we treat it as a variety without affiliation to any of the subspecies pending further research. 54 Calypogeia muelleriana subsp. blomquistii R.M.Schust. occurs in North America. 55 Calypogeia neesiana subsp. subalpina (Inoue) Inoue occurs in Japan. 56 Endogemma is feminine not neuter and the family name should therefore be Endogemmaceae, not Endogemmataceae as originally published. 57 Gymnomitrion revolutum subsp. novoguineanense (R.M.Schust.) Váňa, Crand.-Stotl. & Stotler occurs in New Guinea. 58 Marsupella aquatica was treated under Marsupella emarginata in Grolle and Long (2000) but shown to be sister to it and accepted at species level by Vilnet, Konstantinova, et al. (2010). 53 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 8 M. funckii (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Dumort. [Marsupella ramosa Müll.Frib., Marsupella funckii var. badensis (Schiffn.) Fam.] 9 M. profunda Lindb. 10 M. sparsifolia (Lindb.) Dumort. a subsp. sparsifolia59 11 M. sphacelata (Giesecke ex Lindenb.) Dumort. 12 M. spiniloba R.M.Schust. & Damsh. 13 M. sprucei (Limpr.) Bernet [Marsupella sprucei var. neglecta (Limpr.) Damsh., Marsupella sprucei var. ustulata (Limpr.) Damsh.] 14 M. stableri Spruce 15 M. subemarginata Bakalin & Fedosov60 16 M. tubulosa Steph. [Marsupella emarginata subsp. tubulosa (Steph.) N.Kitag.] 61 48 Prasanthus Lindb. 1 P. suecicus (Gottsche) Lindb. Nardioideae Váňa 49 Nardia Gray 1 N. breidleri (Limpr.) Lindb. 2 N. compressa (Hook.) Gray 3 N. geoscyphus (De Not.) Lindb. a var. bifida R.M.Schust.62 b var. geoscyphus63 c var. suberecta (Lindb. ex Kaal.) Váňa 4 N. insecta Lindb. 5 N. japonica Steph. 6 N. pacifica Bakalin64 7 N. scalaris Gray a var. scalaris65 Harpanthaceae Arnell 50 Harpanthus Nees 1 H. flotovianus (Nees) Nees [Harpanthus flotovianus var. chiloscyphoides C.E.O.Jensen, Harpanthus flotovianus var. latifolia Jørg., Harpanthus flotovianus var. retusa Jørg.] 59 17 2 H. scutatus (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Spruce Hygrobiellaceae Konstant. & Vilnet 51 Hygrobiella Spruce 1 H. laxifolia (Hook.) Spruce Jungermanniaceae Rchb. Delavayelloideae Grolle 52 Liochlaena Nees 1 L. lanceolata Nees [Jungermannia lanceolata auct. non L., Jungermannia leiantha Grolle, Jungermannia subulata var. leiantha (Grolle) Damsh.] 2 L. subulata (A.Evans) Schljakov [Jungermannia subulata A.Evans] Jungermannioideae Dumort. 53 Eremonotus Lindb. & Kaal. ex Pearson 1 E. myriocarpus (Carrington) Lindb. & Kaal. ex Pearson 54 Jungermannia L. 1 J. atrovirens Dumort. [Jungermannia lanceolata L. nom. rejic., Jungermannia lanceolata var. atrovirens (Dumort.) Damsh.] 2 J. borealis Damsh. & Váňa 3 J. calcicola Konstant. & Vilnet66 4 J. eucordifolia Schljakov [Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia (Dumort.) Váňa]67 5 J. polaris Lindb. [Jungermannia pumila subsp. polaris (Lindb.) R.M.Schust.] 6 J. pumila With. [Jungermannia pumila var. alpestris Gottsche & Rabenh.] Mesoptychioideae R.M.Schust. 55 Mesoptychia (Lindb.) A.Evans [Leiocolea (Müll.Frib.) Buch] 1 M. badensis (Gottsche ex Rabenh.) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Lophozia badensis (Gottsche ex Rabenh.) Schiffn., Leiocolea badensis (Gottsche ex Rabenh.) Jørg., Lophozia badensis var. obtusiloba (Bernet) Schiffn.] Marsupella sparsifolia subsp. childii R.M.Schust. occurs in New Zealand. Marsupella subemarginata was described by Bakalin et al. (2019) from Kamchatka but also reported from Switzerland. 61 Marsupella tubulosa was treated as a subspecies of Marsupella emarginata by Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016) but shown to be better treated at species level by Bakalin et al. (2019). 62 Nardia geoscyphus var. bifida was not recognised by Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016) but we list it here pending better understanding of the variability of the species. 63 Nardia geoscyphus var. dioica Bakalin occurs in E Asia. 64 Nardia pacifica is a newly described species (Bakalin and Klimova 2016). 65 Nardia scalaris var. botryoidea (R.M.Schust.) Váňa occurs in North America and var. harae (Amakawa) Váňa in E Asia. 66 Jungermannia calcicola is a newly described species from Russian Caucasus (Konstantinova and Vilnet 2016) and recently also recorded from Albania by Marka et al. (2018). 67 Jungermannia eucordifolia was treated as a subspecies (Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia) in Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016). However, Konstantinova and Vilnet (2016) and later Mamontov, Konstantinova, et al. (2018) showed that it deserves specific status, as was proposed by Schljakov (1981) and followed by Russian bryologists (e.g. Konstantinova, Potemkin, et al. 1992; Konstantinova, Bakalin, et al. 2009). 60 18 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 2 M. bantriensis (Hook.) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Lophozia bantriensis (Hook.) Steph., Leiocolea bantriensis (Hook.) Jørg.] a subsp. bantriensis [Lophozia bantriensis var. subcompressa (Limpr.) Damsh. ex L.Söderstr.] b subsp. wallfischii (Ştefănuţ) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Leiocolea bantriensis subsp. wallfischii Ştefănuţ]68 3 M. collaris (Nees) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Leiocolea collaris (Nees) Schljakov, Lophozia alpestris (Schleich ex F.Weber) Evans nom. rej., Leiocolea alpestris (Schleich. ex F.Weber) Isov., Lophozia alpestris var. libertae (Huebener) Damsh.] 4 M. fitzgeraldiae (Paton & A.R.Perry) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Leiocolea fitzgeraldiae Paton & A.R.Perry] 5 M. gillmanii (Austin) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Lophozia gillmanii (Austin) R.M.Schust., Leiocolea gillmanii (Austin) A.Evans, Lophozia gillmanii var. acutifolia (Limpr.) R.M.Schust.] a var. gillmanii b var. laxa (Schiffn. ex Burrell) L.Söderstr. [Leiocolea rutheana var. laxa (Schiffn. ex Burrell) Paton, Lophozia rutheana var. laxa (Schiffn. ex Burrell) Paton ex Damsh. nom. inval.]69 6 M. heterocolpos (Thed. ex Hartm.) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Lophozia heterocolpos (Thed. ex Hartm.) M.Howe, Leiocolea heterocolpos (Thed. ex Hartm.) H.Buch] a var. arctica (S.W.Arnell) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Lophozia heterocolpos var. arctica (S.W.Arnell) R.M.Schust. & Damsh.] b var. harpanthoides (Bryhn & Kaal.) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Lophozia heterocolpos var. harpanthoides (Bryhn & Kaal.) R.M.Schust.] c var. heterocolpos 7 M. rutheana (Limpr.) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Lophozia ruthana (Limpr.) M.Howe, Leiocolea rutheana (Limpr.) Müll.Frib.] 8 M. sahlbergii (Lindb. & Arnell) A.Evans 9 M. turbinata (Raddi) L.Söderstr. & Váňa [Leiocolea turbinata (Raddi) H.Buch] 68 Saccogynaceae Heeg 56 Saccogyna Dumort. 1 S. viticulosa (L.) Dumort. Solenostomataceae Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. 57 Cryptocolea R.M.Schust. 1 C. imbricata R.M.Schust. 58 Solenostoma Mitt. [Plectocolea (Mitt.) Mitt.] subgenus Eucalyx (Lindb.) Váňa, Crand.-Stotl. & Stotler 1 S. obovatum (Nees) C.Massal. [Jungermannia obovata Nees, Plectocolea obovata (Nees) Mitt.] 2 S. subellipticum (Lindb. ex Heeg) R.M.Schust. [Jungermannia subelliptica (Lindb. ex Heeg) Levier, Plectocolea subelliptica (Lindb. ex Heeg) A.Evans, Jungermannia obovata subsp. minor (Carrington) Damsh.]70 subgenus Metasolenostoma Váňa, Crand.-Stotl. & Stotler 3 S. gracillimum (Sm.) R.M.Schust. [Jungermannia gracillima Sm., Jungermannia gracillima var. crenulata (Mitt.) Damsh.] 4 S. handelii (Schiffn.) Müll.Frib. [Jungermannia handelii (Schiffn.) Amakawa] subgenus Plectocolea Mitt. 5 S. callithrix (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph. [Jungermannia callithrix Lindenb. & Gottsche] 6 S. hyalinum (Lyell) Mitt. [Jungermannia hyalina Lyell, Plectocolea hyalina (Lyell) Mitt.] 7 S. paroicum (Schiffn.) R.M.Schust. [Jungermannia paroica (Schiffn.) Grolle] subgenus Solenostoma 8 S. caucasicum (Váňa) Konstant.71 9 S. confertissimum (Nees) Schljakov [Jungermannia confertissima Nees] 10 S. sphaerocarpum (Hook.) Steph. [Jungermannia sphaerocarpa Hook., Solenostoma pusillum (C.E.O.Jens.) Steph., Jungermannia jenseniana Grolle, Jungermannia sphaerocarpa var. nana (Nees ex Flot.) Frye & L.Clark nom. illeg., Solenostoma sphaerocarpum var. nanum (Nees ex Flot.) R.M.Schust.] Mesoptychia bantriensis subsp. wallfischii was described as Leiocolea bantriensis subsp. wallfischii by Ştefănuţ (2008) from Romania. Mesoptychia gillmanii var. laxa was accepted by Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016) as Mesoptychia rutheana var. laxa although with low confidence. However, the study by Bell et al. (2013) was largely overlooked and the relation to Mesoptychia gillmanii rather than to Mesoptychia rutheana was not acknowledged. 70 Solenostoma subellipticum was nested in Solenostoma obovatum in Shaw et al. (2015) and thus reduced to a synonym, a treatment followed by Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016). However, as it seems distinct in at least parts of its distribution area we list it here with some hesitation. 71 Solenostoma caucasicum was reported as new to Europe from the northern part of Caucasus by Konstantinova and Savchenko (2013). 69 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY Southbyaceae Váňa, Crand.-Stotl., Stotler & D.G.Long 59 Gongylanthus Nees 1 G. ericetorum (Raddi) Nees 60 Southbya Spruce 1 S. nigrella (De Not.) Henriq. 2 S. tophacea (Spruce) Spruce Blepharostomataceae W.Frey & M.Stech 61 Blepharostoma (Dumort.) Dumort. 1 B. trichophyllum (L.) Dumort. a subsp. brevirete (Bryhn & Kaal.) R.M.Schust. [Blepharostoma trichophyllum var. brevirete Bryhn & Kaal.] b subsp. trichophyllum Herbertaceae Müll.Frib. ex Fulford & Hatcher 62 Herbertus Gray 1 H. azoricus (Steph.) P.W.Richards72 2 H. borealis Crundw. [Herbertus delavayi auct. eur. non (Steph.) Steph.] 3 H. hutchinsiae (Gottsche & Rabenh.) A.Evans [Herbertus aduncus auct. non (Dicks.) Gray, Herbertus aduncus subsp. hutchinsiae (Gottsche & Rabenh.) R.M.Schust. nom. inval.]73 4 H. norenus D.G.Long, D.Bell & H.H.Blom74 5 H. sendtneri (Nees) Lindb. 6 H. stramineus (Dumort.) Trevis. Lepidoziaceae Limpr. Bazzanioideae Rodway 63 Bazzania Gray 1 B. azorica H.Buch & Perss. 2 B. flaccida (Dumort.) Grolle 3 B. pearsonii Steph. 4 B. tricrenata (Wahlenb.) Lindb. a var. tricrenata75 72 19 5 B. trilobata (L.) Gray a var. depauperata (Müll.Frib.) Grolle b var. trilobata Lembidioideae R.M.Schust. 64 Kurzia G.Martens 1 K. pauciflora (Dicks.) Grolle 2 K. sylvatica (A.Evans) Grolle 3 K. trichoclados (Müll.Frib.) Grolle Lepidozioideae Müll.Frib. 65 Lepidozia (Dumort.) Dumort. 1 L. cupressina (Sw.) Lindenb. a subsp. cupressina [Lepidozia cupressina subsp. pinnata (Hook.) Pócs, Lepidozia cupressina var. dissitifolia (Jørg.) Damsh.]76 2 L. pearsonii Spruce 3 L. reptans (L.) Dumort. [Lepidozia reptans var. julacea (Nees) Damsh. nom. inval., Lepidozia reptans var. tenera (Huebener) P.Allorge nom. inval.] 4 L. stuhlmannii Steph.77 66 Tricholepidozia (R.M.Schust.) E.D.Cooper 1 T. lindenbergii (Gottsche) E.D.Cooper78 a var. lindenbergii79 2 T. tetradactyla (Hook.f. & Taylor) E.D.Cooper [Telaranea longii Paton, Telaranea murphyae Paton]80 Zoopsidoideae R.M.Schust. 67 Telaranea Spruce ex Schiffn. 1 T. azorica (H.Buch & Perss.) Pócs [Lepidozia azorica H.Buch & Perss.] 2 T. europaea J.J.Engel & G.L.Merr. [Telaranea nematodes auct. eur. non (Gottsche ex Austin) M.Howe] Only a single species of Herbertus, Herbertus azoricus, has to date been published from the Azores. However, Richards (1936) observed that there are two ’forms’ present in the archipelago, and it is now clear that two species are present (Hodgetts and Rumsey in prep.), but further analysis is needed to characterize them. Feldberg et al. (2004) suggested that Herbertus azoricus should be placed in synonymy with Herbertus sendtneri. However, further studies show that spurious lumping of taxa in Herbertus gives a much too simplified view of this complex genus (F. Rumsey pers. comm. 2018), and Herbertus sendtneri is therefore best regarded as an exclusively Northern Hemisphere species, restricted to the Austrian Alps, Himalaya, and the Pacific Northwest of North America. Current indications are that Herbertus azoricus is best treated as a synonym or a subspecies of Herbertus juniperoideus, that Herbertus sendtneri does not occur in Macaronesia, and that this second Azorean species has affinities with South American taxa and plants from the Appalachians previously assigned to Herbertus tenuis. 73 Reports of Herbertus aduncus from Europe belong to Herbertus hutchinsiae, treated for a long time as a synonym or subspecies of Herbertus aduncus. 74 Herbertus norenus was described from Norway and Scotland by Bell et al. (2012). 75 Bazzania tricrenata var. fulfordiae W.S.Hong occurs in North America. 76 Lepidozia cupressina subsp. africana (Steph.) Pócs occurs in Africa and subsp. natalensis (Steph.) Pócs in southern Africa. 77 Lepidozia stuhlmannii was reported new to the Azores by Frahm (2005). Lepidozia stuhlmannii subsp. pulvinata (Steph.) Pócs and var. carnosa (Steph.) Pócs occur in Africa. The subspecific identity of the plants in the Azores is unknown. 78 Tricholepidozia lindenbergii was reported as new to Britain (and the Northern Hemisphere) by Blackstock et al. (2019). 79 Trichlepidozia lindenbergii var. complanata (J.J.Engel & G.L.Merr.) E.D.Cooper, var. mellea (J.J.Engel & G.L.Merr.) E.D.Cooper and var. papillata (J.J.Engel & G.L.Merr.) E.D.Cooper, as well as var. lindenbergii occur in New Zealand. 80 Tricholepidozia was elevated to a separate genus by Cooper et al. (2013) and Tricholepidozia tetradactyla was shown to be the same as Telaranea longii (Engel and Smith Merrill 2004) and Telaranea murphyae (Villarreal et al. 2014) from Britain. 20 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. a subsp. fragrans86 6 L. heterophylla (Schrad.) Dumort. [Chiloscyphus profundus (Nees) J.J.Engel & R.M.Schust.] a subsp. heterophylla87 7 L. minor Nees [Chiloscyphus minor (Nees) J.J.Engel & R.M.Schust.] 8 L. semiteres (Lehm.) Mitt. a var. semiteres88 Lophocoleaceae Vanden Berghen 68 Chiloscyphus Corda81 1 C. pallescens (Ehrh.) Dumort. a var. fragilis (Roth) Müll.Frib. [Chiloscyphus fragilis (Roth) Schiffn.] b var. pallescens 2 C. polyanthos (L.) Corda a var. polyanthos b var. rivularis (Schrad.) Lindb. & Arnell [Chiloscyphus rivularis (Schrad.) Hazl.] 69 Heteroscyphus Schiffn. 1 H. denticulatus (Mitt.) Schiffn. 2 H. fissistipus (Hook.f. & Taylor) Schiffn.82 Mastigophoraceae R.M.Schust. 72 Mastigophora Nees 1 M. woodsii (Hook.) Nees 70 Leptoscyphus Mitt. subgenus Anomylia (R.M.Schust.) R.M.Schust. 1 L. cuneifolius (Hook.) Mitt. subgenus Leptoscyphus section Leptoscyphus 2 L. porphyrius (Nees) Grolle a subsp. azoricus (H.Buch & Perss.) Vanderp. & Heinrichs [Leptoscyphus azoricus (H.Buch & Perss.) Grolle]83 Plagiochilaceae Müll.Frib. 73 Pedinophyllum Lindb. ex Nordst. 1 P. interruptum (Nees) Kaal. 71 81 Lophocolea (Dumort.) Dumort. 1 L. bidentata (L.) Dumort. [Lophocolea cuspidata (Nees) Limpr.]84 2 L. bispinosa (Hook.f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees 3 L. brookwoodiana Paton & Sheahan85 4 L. coadunata (Sw.) Mont. [Chiloscyphus coadunatus (Sw.) J.J.Engel & R.M.Schust., Lophocolea cuspidata auct. non (Nees) Limpr.], Lophocolea bidentata var. rivularis (Raddi) Schiffn., Chiloscyphus latifolius (Nees) J.J.Engel & R.M.Schust.] 5 L. fragrans (Moris & De Not.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees [Chiloscyphus fragrans (Moris & De Not.) J.J.Engel & R.M.Schust.] 74 Plagiochila (Dumort.) Dumort. section Arrectae Carl 1 P. bifaria (Sw.) Lindenb. a var. bifaria89 2 P. papillifolia Steph.90 3 P. punctata (Taylor) Taylor 4 P. retrorsa Gottsche 5 P. spinulosa (Dicks.) Dumort. 6 P. stricta Lindenb. section Fuscoluteae Carl 7 P. heterophylla Lindenb. a var. heterophylla [Plagiochila atlantica F.Rose]91 section Glaucescentes Carl 8 P. longispina Lindenb. & Gottsche section Plagiochila 9 P. arctica Bryhn & Kaal. [Plagiochila asplenioides subsp. arctica (Bryhn & Kaal.) R.M.Schust.] a var. arctica [?Plagiochila asplenioides var. lobata (Kaal.) Jørg.]92 The Chiloscyphus polyanthos complex has been treated in various ways in the past, without any recent solution. Some authors have treated it as one species (Chiloscyphus polyanthos) with two subspecies (subsp. polyanthos and pallescens (e.g. Smith 1990); others as four segregate species (Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Chiloscyphus fragilis and Chiloscyphus rivularis (e.g. Konstantinova, Potemkin, et al. 1992). Grolle and Long (2000) kept two species, but did not deal with any subspecific taxa. Söderström, Urmi, et al. (2002) kept two species but recognised four varieties (Chiloscyphus polyanthos var. polyanthos and var. rivularis and Chiloscyphus pallescens var. pallescens and var. fragilis). Konstantinova, Bakalin, et al. (2009) also used this concept as well as the World Checklist of Hornworts and Liverworts (Söderström, Hagborg, et al. 2016). However, several recent publications do not recognise any varieties of the two species (e.g. Köckinger 2017). The distribution of the taxa recognised here is therefore not recorded consistently over the continent. 82 Heteroscyphus fissitipus is a neophyte in Europe, introduced from Australia/New Zealand where it occurs in three varieties, var. fissistipus, var. multispinus (E.A.Hodgs. & Allison) J.J.Engel and var. repandus J.J.Engel. Which of these varieties occur in Europe is unknown. 83 Leptoscyphus porphyrius subsp. porphyrius occurs in South America. 84 The Lophocolea bidentata complex has been treated in various ways in the past, and there is also some nomenclatural confusion. Váňa and Engel (2013) clarify the concepts, not only for Europe but world-wide. As we follow the World Check List (Söderström, Hagborg, et al. 2016), we here treat them in the genus Lophocolea as Lophocolea bidentata (autoicious) and Lophocolea coadunata (dioicious). Many earlier reports are confusing and the occurrences in some countries are still questioned. 85 Lophocolea brookwoodiana was described from Britain by Paton and Sheahan (2006). 86 Lophocolea fragrans subsp. cocosana G.Dauphin, Gradst. & M.I.Morales occurs on Cocos Island. 87 Lophocolea heterophylla subsp. cladogyna R.M.Schust. occurs in North America. 88 Lophocolea semiteres var. retusa (J.J.Engel) L.Söderstr. occurs in Australia. 89 Plagiochila bifaria var. rosea (R.M.Schust.) Heinrichs occurs in South America. 90 The primarily neotropical Plagiochila papillifolia was reported as new from the Azores by Heinrichs, Rycroft, et al. (2002). 91 Plagiochila heterophylla var. beauverdii (Steph.) Heinrichs occurs in South America. 92 Plagiochila arctica var. intermedia R.M.Schust. occurs in North America. The synonymy of Plagiochila asplenioides var. lobata (Damsholt 2002) is problematic, as he states that Plagiochila arctica does not occur in Norway and the type of the synonymised variety is from the mountains in central Norway. JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 10 P. asplenioides (L.) Dumort. [Plagiochila major (Nees) S.W.Arnell] 11 P. britannica Paton 12 P. porelloides (Torr. ex Nees) Lindenb. [Plagiochila asplenioides subsp. porelloides (Torr. ex Nees) Kaal.]93 a var. norvegica (H.H.Blom & Holten) Schumacker & Váňa [Plagiochila norvegica H.H.Blom & Holten] b var. porelloides [Plagiochila asplenioides var. devexa Carrington, Plagiochila asplenioides var. minor Lindenb., Plagiochila asplenioides var. humilis (Nees) Lindenb.] c var. subarctica (Jørg.) Lammes [Plagiochila asplenioides var. subarctica Jørg.] section Poeltiae Inoue 13 P. carringtonii (Balf. ex Carrington) Grolle a subsp. carringtonii94 section Rutilantes Carl 14 P. exigua (Taylor) Taylor 15 P. maderensis Gottsche ex Steph.95 section Vagae Lindenb. 16 P. virginica A.Evans [Plagiochila dubia auct. eur. non Lindenb. & Gottsche (=Plagiochila patula (Sw.) Lindenb.)] a var. virginica96 Trichocoleaceae Nakai 75 Trichocolea Dumort. 1 T. tomentella (Ehrh.) Dumort. Myliaceae Schljakov 76 Mylia Gray subgenus Anomalae (R.M.Schust. ex Potemkin) L. Söderstr. 1 M. anomala (Hook.) Gray subgenus Mylia 2 M. taylorii (Hook.) Gray 93 21 Porellales Schljakov Frullaniaceae Lorch 77 Frullania Raddi subgenus Frullania 1 F. azorica Sim-Sim, Sérgio, Mues & Kraut 2 F. dilatata (L.) Dumort. a subsp. dilatata97 3 F. ericoides (Nees) Mont. a var. ericoides98 4 F. fragilifolia (Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees 5 F. jackii Gottsche [Frullania davurica subsp. jackii (Gottsche) S.Hatt.] 6 F. oakesiana Austin a subsp. oakesiana99 7 F. parvistipula Steph. 8 F. riparia Hampe [Frullania cesatiana De Not.]100 9 F. stylifera (R.M.Schust.) R.M.Schust.101 subgenus Thyopsiella Spruce 10 F. acicularis Hentschel & von Konrat [Frullania tamarisci var. azorica J.P.Frahm]102 11 F. calcarifera Steph.103 12 F. microphylla (Gottsche) Pearson [Frullania microphylla var. deciduifolia Grolle]104 13 F. polysticta Lindenb. 14 F. sergiae Sim-Sim, Fontinha, Mues & Lion 15 F. subarctica Vilnet, Borovich. & Bakalin105 16 F. tamarisci (L.) Dumort. [Frullania tamarisci var. atrovirens Carrington, Frullania tamarisci var. cornubica Carrington, Frullania tamarisci var. ericetorum Jørg., Frullania tamarisci var. robusta Lindb., Frullania tamarisci var. sardoa (De Not.) De Not.] 17 F. teneriffae (F.Weber) Nees Plagiochila porelloides is a variable species and many varieties have been described. Their value is questionable but the three included here have frequently been recognised in recent studies. Plagiochila carringtonii subsp. lobuchensis Grolle occurs in Himalaya. 95 Plagiochila maderensis was placed in synonymy with Plagiochila spinulosa by Grolle (1967) but reinstated by Rycroft et al. (2004). 96 Plagiochila virginica var. caroliniana R.M.Schust. and var. euryphylla R.M.Schust. occur in North America. 97 Frullania dilatata subsp. asiatica S.Hatt. occurs in E Asia. 98 Frullania ericoides var. laxa (Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees) Schiffn. occurs in SE Asia and Mexico, var. minor Kamim. in Japan and var. verrucosa (Kamim.) Hentschel & von Konrat in Japan. 99 Frullania oakesiana subsp. takayuensis (Steph.) R.M.Schust. occurs in E Asia. 100 In spite of being under discussion for over 30 years, the problem of the Frullania riparia (American) / cesatiana (European) / muscicola (Asiatic) complex has not yet been solved. As concluded in Bisang et al. (1989), if they are the same, the name Frullania riparia has priority. However, if the American populations are different from the European and Asiatic populations (as treated in Bisang et al. 1989), Frullania cesatiana would be the correct name (note that their ‘combination’ Frullania cesatiana var. muscicola (Steph.) Bisang et al. is a nomen nudum). Grolle (in Grolle and Long 2000) argued that the American Frullania riparia and European Frullania cesatiana are conspecific, but separate from the Asiatic Frullania muscicola Steph. For now we are following this concept pending further research, preferably including molecular data. 101 Frullania stylifera, until recently considered endemic to eastern North America, has recently been recognised from European and Asian Russia (Konstantinova et al. 2020). 102 Frullania acicularis was described from the Azores by Frahm (2006) as Frullania tamarisci var. azorica but shown to be separate from Frullania tamarisci by Heinrichs, Hentschel, et al. (2010) and Vilnet, Borovichev, et al. (2014) and elevated to species level by Hentschel et al. (2015) 103 Frullania calcarifera was placed in synonymy of Frullania tamarisci by Hattori (1972) but shown to be a species separate from it by Heinrichs, Hentschel, et al. (2010) and Vilnet, Borovichev, et al. (2014). 104 Frullania microphylla var. deciduifolia is not recognized by Sim-Sim (1999) as “all specimens from Portugal or Madeira have deciduous leaves”’, a treatment followed here as well as in the world checklist (Söderström, Hagborg, et al. 2016). 105 Frullania subarctica was described by Vilnet, Borovichev, et al. (2014) from the Russian Far East but shown also to occur in northern Europe. 94 22 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 7 C. azorica V.Allorge & Jovet-Ast [Aphanolejeunea azorica (V.Allorge & Ast) Bernecker & Pócs] incertae sedis 18 F. bolanderi Austin 19 F. cleistostoma Schiffn. & W.Wollny [Frullania inflata auct. eur. non Gottsche]106 82 Jubulaceae H.Klinggr. 78 Jubula Dumort. 1 J. hutchinsiae (Hook.) Dumort.107 a subsp. caucasica Konstant. & Vilnet108 b subsp. hutchinsiae Colura (Dumort.) Dumort. subgenus Colura section Colura 1 C. calyptrifolia (Hook.) Dumort. 83 Lejeuneaceae Cavers Lejeuneoideae C.Massal. trib. Brachiolejeuneeae van Slageren & Berendsen subtrib. Brachiolejeuneinae Gradst. 79 Acanthocoleus R.M.Schust. 1 A. aberrans (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Kruijt a var. laevis Gradst.109 Myriocoleopsis Schiffn. 1 M. minutissima (Sm.) R.L.Zhu, Y.Yu & Pócs [Cololejeunea minutissima (Sm.) Schiffn.] a subsp. minutissima111 subtrib. Drepanolejeuneinae Gradst. 84 Drepanolejeunea (Spruce) Steph. subgenus Drepanolejeunea 1 D. hamatifolia (Hook.) Schiffn. trib. Lejeuneeae Dumort. subtrib. Cheilolejeuneinae Gradst. 80 Cheilolejeunea (Spruce) Steph. subgenus Euosmolejeunea (Spruce) Kachroo 1 C. cedercreutzii (H.Buch & Perss.) Grolle subtrib. Lejeuneinae Gradst. 85 Harpalejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. subgenus Harpalejeunea 1 H. molleri (Steph.) Grolle a subsp. molleri112 subtrib. Cololejeuneinae Gradst. 81 Cololejeunea (Spruce) Steph. [Aphanolejeunea A.Evans] subgenus Aphanolejeunea (A.Evans) Pócs 1 C. madeirensis Schiffn. [Aphanolejeunea madeirensis (Schiffn.) Grolle] 2 C. microscopica (Taylor) Schiffn. [Aphanolejeunea microscopica (Taylor) A.Evans] a var. microscopica110 3 C. sintenisii (Steph.) Pócs [Aphanolejeunea sintenisii Steph.] subgenus Cololejeunea 4 C. calcarea (Lib.) Steph. 5 C. rossettiana (C.Massal.) Schiffn. 6 C. schaeferi Grolle subgenus Diaphanae R.M.Schust. 86 106 Lejeunea Lib. subgenus Lejeunea 1 L. cavifolia (Ehrh.) Lindb. 2 L. eckloniana Lindenb. [Lejeunea holtii Spruce]113 3 L. flava (Sw.) Nees a subsp. moorei (Lindb.) R.M.Schust.114 4 L. hibernica Bischl., H.A.Mill. & Bonner ex Grolle 5 L. lamacerina (Steph.) Schiffn. a subsp. lamacerina115 6 L. mandonii (Steph.) Müll.Frib. 7 L. patens Lindb. subgenus Nanolejeunea R.M.Schust. 8 L. canariensis (Steph.) Steph. [Lejeunea laetevirens auct.]116 Frullania inflata Gottsche as treated in Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016) is a species complex. Frullania inflata s.str. is confined to North America and reports from Europe belongs to the segregate Frullania cleistostoma (Mamontov, Potemkin, et al. 2018). 107 Jubula hutchinsiae is a complex species with many subspecies. In addition to the two subspecies occurring in Europe, five more are recognised in Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016), subsp. australiae Pócs & A.Cairns (Australia), subsp. bogotensis (Steph.) Verd. (S and C America), subsp. japonica (Steph.) Horik. & Ando (E Asia), subsp. javanica (Steph.) Verd. (E and SE Asia) and subsp. pennsylvanica (Steph.) Verd. (North America). 108 Jubula hutchinsiae subsp. caucasica was described by Konstantinova and Vilnet (2011). Prior to the description, the subspecies occurring in the Caucasus was regarded as subsp. javanica (Steph.) Verd. 109 Acanthocoleus aberrans var. aberrans seems to be confined to South America. 110 Cololejeunea microscopica var. africana (Pócs) Pócs & Bernecker and var. exigua (A.Evans) Pócs occur in Africa and South America. 111 Myriocoleopsis minutissima subsp. myriocarpa (Nees & Mont.) R.L.Zhu, Y.Yu & Pócs is widespread in the tropics. 112 Harpalejeunea molleri subsp. integra (R.M.Schust.) Damsh. occurs in North America. 113 Lejeunea holtii was placed in synonymy with Lejeunea eckloniana by Dirkse et al. (1993). However, the two taxa differ slightly in morphology and a molecular study is needed to verify the synonymy. 114 Lejeunea flava subsp. flava is widespread in the tropics, subsp. orientalis R.M.Schust. occurs in E and SE Asia, subsp. tabularis (Spreng.) S.W.Arnell in Africa and var. pellucida Lindenb. & Gottsche in South America. 115 Lejeunea lamacerina subsp. gemminata R.M.Schust. occurs in North America. 116 Lejeunea canariensis from Madeira was nested within Lejeunea laetevirens in the study by Heinrichs, Dong, et al. (2013). However, Lejeunea laetevirens seems to be a complex species with several other taxa also nested within it. We keep Lejeunea canariensis as a separate species for now, recognizing that it seems to be the only element of the Lejeunea laetevirens complex occurring in Macaronesia. JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 87 6 R. visianica C.Massal.118 7 R. wichurae Steph. subgenus Volutoradula Devos, M.A.M.Renner, Gradst., A.J.Shaw & Vanderp. 8 R. holtii Spruce 9 R. nudicaulis Steph. a var. delicatula P.Allorge & V.Allorge b var. nudicaulis 10 R. voluta Taylor Microlejeunea (Spruce) Steph. 1 M. ulicina (Taylor) Steph. [Lejeunea ulicina (Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees] Ptychanthoideae Mizut. 88 Marchesinia Gray subgenus Marchesinia 1 M. mackaii (Hook.) Gray Porellaceae Cavers 89 Porella L. 1 P. arboris-vitae (With.) Grolle a subsp. arboris-vitae [Porella arboris-vitae var. killarniensis (Pearson) M.F.V.Corley, Porella arboris-vitae var. obscura (Nees) M.F.V.Corley]117 2 P. baueri (Schiffn.) C.E.O.Jensen 3 P. canariensis (F.Weber) Underw. 4 P. cordaeana (Huebener) Moore [Porella cordaeana var. faeroensis (C.E.O.Jensen) E.W.Jones, Porella cordaeana var. simplicior (J.E.Zetterst.) Arnell] 5 P. inaequalis (Gottsche) Perss. 6 P. obtusata (Taylor) Trevis. 7 P. pinnata L. 8 P. platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff. [Porella platyphylla var. subsquarrosa (Schiffn.) Arnell] Radulaceae Müll.Frib. 90 Radula Dumort. subgenus Radula 1 R. aquilegia (Hook.f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees 2 R. carringtonii J.B.Jack 3 R. complanata (L.) Dumort. [Radula complanata var. alpestris (Lindb. ex Berggr.) Lindb.] 4 R. jonesii Bouman, Dirkse & K.Yamada 5 R. lindenbergiana Gottsche ex C.Hartm. [Radula complanata subsp. lindenbergiana (Gottsche ex C.Hartm.) R.M.Schust., Radula lindbergiana Gottsche ex J.B.Jack nom. inval.] 117 23 Ptilidiales Schljakov Ptilidiaceae H.Klinggr. 91 Ptilidium Nees 1 P. ciliare (L.) Hampe 2 P. pulcherrimum (Weber) Vain. [Ptilidium pulcherrimum var. subpinnatum (Jørg.) Damsh.] Metzgeriales Chalaud Aneuraceae H.Klinggr. 92 Aneura Dumort [Cryptothallus Malmb.]119 1 A. latissima Spruce [Aneura pseudopinguis (Herzog) Pócs]120 2 A. maxima (Schiffn.) Steph.121 3 A. mirabilis (Malmb.) Wickett & Goffinet [Cryptothallus mirabilis Malmb.] 4 A. pinguis (L.) Dumort. [Aneura pinguis var. angustior (Hook.) Dumort., Aneura pinguis var. denticulata (Nees) Godelin., Aneura pinguis var. fuscovirens (Lindb.) Damsh.] 93 Riccardia Gray122 1 R. chamedryfolia (With.) Grolle [Riccardia chamedryfolia var. major (Nees) R.M.Schust. nom. illeg., Riccardia chamedryfolia var. submersa (C.E.O.Jensen ex Müll.Frib.) Damsh. nom. inval.] 2 R. incurvata Lindb. 3 R. latifrons (Lindb.) Lindb. a subsp. arctica R.M.Schust. & Damsh. b subsp. latifrons123 4 R. multifida (L.) Gray a subsp. multifida124 5 R. palmata (Hedw.) Carruth. Porella arboris-vitae subsp. nitidula (C.Massal.) S.Hatt. occurs in E Asia. Radula visianica was until recently only known from two collections in N. Italy, the type in 1878 and a later collection in the southern Alps in the 1930s, but was recently found in several localities in Austria (Köckinger 2016). It has been shown to be well separated molecularly from other species in subgenus Radula (Váňa et al. 2017). 119 The genus Aneura includes several genetically distinct lineages (cf. Bączkiewicz et al. 2017) and the European ‘Aneura maxima’ is genetically different from the population in the type locality on Java (D.G.Long, pers. comm.). It is also unlikely that Aneura latissima (syn. Aneura pseudopinguis) from South America represents any of the European lineages. However, until the taxonomy is further clarified, the ‘traditional’ treatment is followed here, as it was in Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016). 120 Aneura latissima was reported (as Aneura pseudopinguis) new to Europe by Sérgio and Garcia (2009). The type of both names is from South America and it is unlikely that the European plants represent this taxon. It is more probable that they belong to some of the unpublished European lineages (Long et al. in prep.). 121 Aneura maxima is a SE Asian taxon that is not conspecific with the taxon in Europe so named. The latter is at present lacking a valid name. 122 Riccardia is classified into several subgenera and sections in Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016). The European species all belong to subgenus Riccardia, and mostly also to section Riccardia, except for R. incurvata, the position of which is unclear. 123 Riccardia latifrons var. miyakeana (Schiffn.) Furuki occurs in Japan. 124 Riccardia multifida subsp. decrescens (Steph.) Furuki occurs in E Asia and subsp. synoica R.M.Schust. in SE USA. 118 24 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Metzgeriaceae H.Klinggr. 94 Metzgeria Raddi [Apometzgeria Kuwah.] 1 M. conjugata Lindb. [Metzgeria conjugata var. alipila Kaal., Metzgeria conjugata var. macvicarii Kaal.] 2 M. consanguinea Schiffn. [Metzgeria temperata auct. eur. non Kuwah.]125 3 M. furcata (L.) Corda [Metzgeria furcata var. expansa Douin, Metzgeria furcata var. flexipilis Kaal., Metzgeria furcata var. ulvula (Nees) Pavletic]126 4 M. leptoneura Spruce [Metzgeria hamata auct. non Lindb.]127 a var. leptoneura128 5 M. pubescens (Schrank) Raddi [Apometzgeria pubescens (Schrank) Kuwah.] 6 M. simplex Lorb. ex Müll.Frib. [Metzgeria conjugata subsp. simplex (Lorb. ex Müll.Frib.) R.M.Schust.] 7 M. violacea (Ach.) Dumort. [Metzgeria fruticulosa auct. non (O.F.Müll.) A.Evans]129 Pleuroziales Schljakov Pleuroziaceae Müll.Frib. 95 Pleurozia Dumort. subgenus Constantifolia B.M.Thiers 1 P. purpurea Lindb. Fossombroniales Schljakov Calyculariaceae He-Nygrén, Juslén, Ahonen, Glenny & Piippo 96 Calycularia Mitt. 1 C. laxa Lindb. & Arnell130 Fossombroniaceae Hazsl. 97 Fossombronia Raddi 1 F. angulosa (Dicks.) Raddi 2 F. caespitiformis (Raddi) De Not. ex Rabenh. 125 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 a subsp. caespitiformis b subsp. multispira (Schiffn.) J.R.Bray & Cargill [Fossombronia husnotii Corb.] F. crispa Nees [Fossombronia zeyheri Steph.]131 F. echinata Macvicar F. fimbriata Paton F. fleischeri Osterwald ex Loeske132 F. foveolata Lindb. F. incurva Lindb. F. leucoxantha (Lehm.) Lehm. & Lindenb.133 F. maritima (Paton) Paton F. mittenii Tind. [Fossombronia crozalsii Corb.] F. pusilla (L.) Nees F. wondraczekii (Corda) Dumort. ex Lindb. Petalophyllaceae Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. 98 Petalophyllum Nees & Gottsche 1 P. ralfsii (Wilson) Nees & Gottsche Pallaviciniales W.Frey & M.Stech Moerckiaceae K.I.Goebel ex Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. 99 Moerckia Gottsche 1 M. blyttii (Mørch) Brockm. 2 M. flotoviana (Nees) Schiffn.134 3 M. hibernica (Hook.) Gottsche Pallaviciniaceae Mig. Pallavicinioideae Mig. ex Grolle 100 Pallavicinia Gray 1 P. lyellii (Hook.) Gray Pelliales He-Nygrén Pelliaceae H.Klinggr. 101 Apopellia (Grolle) Nebel & D.Quandt 1 A. endiviifolia (Dicks.) Nebel & D.Quandt [Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort.] Metzgeria temperata was synonymised with the primarily pantropical Metzgeria consanguinea by Hill et al. (2008). However, unpublished molecular studies show that the European populations are closer to Metzgeria violacea than to the Japanese Metzgeria temperata (see Köckinger 2017). Until the position of the European Metzgeria ‘temperata’ is clarified, we use the name Metzgeria consanguinea, although with some hesitation. 126 North American populations of Metzgeria furcata have recently been recognised as a separate species, Metzgeria setigera R.M.Schust. ex Crand.-Stotl. & L. Söderstr. (Söderström, Váňa, et al. 2015). Metzgeria furcata var. pacifica Brinkm. occurs in E North America, and probably belongs to Metzgeria setigera. Metzgeria furcata var. expansa was recognised in Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016), although with low confidence. It is known only from the type specimen in France and we do not recognise it here, as there are several other equally doubtful ’varieties‘ that could also be included. The whole Metzgeria furcata complex needs further study in Europe (and elsewhere). 127 Metzgeria hamata Lindb. is technically a synonym of Metzgeria procera Mitt., but identical to Metzgeria leptoneura in the sense of Lindberg (1877) and all subsequent authors. 128 Metzgeria leptoneura var. breviseta (Schiffn.) O.Yano occurs in Brazil and var. polychaeta R.M.Schust. in SE USA. 129 Grolle and So (2003) demonstrated that the name Metzgeria fruticulosa technically belongs to Riccardia palmata and that Metzgeria violacea is the name that should be used. 130 Calycularia laxa was reported new to European Russia from Nenets (Konstantinova and Lavrinenko 2002) and Murmansk (Sofronova et al. 2013) provinces. 131 Fossombronia crispa was first reported from Portugal by Sérgio (1985) but Perold (1997) showed that her concept of the species was wrong. Later, Sérgio (2003) referred the plants to Fossombronia leucoxantha. However, Sérgio (1985) also reported Fossombronia zeyheri, which Perold (1997) showed was a synonym of Fossombronia crispa but Grolle and Long (2000) treated it as a synonym of Fossombronia foveolata. 132 Fossombronia fleischeri has long been considered a synonym of Fossombronia incurva, but Stotler et al. (2003) showed that they should be regarded as distinct species. 133 Fossombronia leucoxantha was reported from Portugal by Sérgio (1985) as Fossombronia crispa but Perold (1997) pointed out that her concept of Fossombronia crispa was wrong. Sérgio (2003) later referred the plants to Fossombronia leucoxantha. 134 Moerckia flotoviana was synonymised with Moerckia hibernica by De Sloover (1959) and subsequently usually treated as such in the European literature. However, Crandall-Stotler and Stotler (2007) showed that they are distinct taxa. Thus, many reports of Moerckia hibernica belong to Moerckia flotoviana. JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 102 Pellia Raddi 1 P. epiphylla (L.) Corda a subsp. borealis (Lorb.) Messe b subsp. epiphylla 2 P. neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr. MARCHANTIOPSIDA CRONQUIST , TAKHT . & W.ZIMM . Blasiales Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. Blasiaceae H.Klinggr. 103 Blasia L. 1 B. pusilla L. Lunulariales H.Klinggr. Lunulariaceae H.Klinggr. 104 Lunularia Adans. 1 L. cruciata (L.) Dumort. ex Lindb. a subsp. cruciata135 Marchantiales Limpr. Aytoniaceae Cavers 105 Asterella P.Beauv. [Fimbraria Nees] subgenus Asterella section Brachyblepharis (Nees) D.G.Long 1 A. africana (Mont.) Underw. ex A.Evans subgenus Phragmoblepharis Grolle 2 A. lindenbergiana (Corda ex Nees) Lindb. ex Arnell subgenus Saccatae (Grolle) D.G.Long 3 A. saccata (Wahlenb.) A.Evans 106 135 Mannia Corda subgenus Mannia 1 M. androgyna (L.) A.Evans 2 M. californica (Gottsche) L.C.Wheeler136 3 M. controversa (Meyl.) D.B.Schill137 a subsp. controversa138 4 M. fragrans (Balb.) Frye & L.Clark a subsp. fragrans [Mannia fragrans var. brevipes (Kaal.) Damsh.]139 5 M. sibirica (Müll.Frib.) Frye & L.Clark subgenus Neesiella 6 M. gracilis (F.Weber) D.B.Schill & D.G.Long [Asterella gracilis (F.Weber) Underw.] 25 7 M. pilosa (Hornem.) Frye & L.Clark 8 M. triandra (Scop.) Grolle 107 Plagiochasma Lehm. subgenus Micropylum 1 P. rupestre (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Steph. a var. rupestre140 subgenus Plagiochasma 2 P. appendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb.141 108 Reboulia Raddi 1 R. hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi a subsp. australis R.M.Schust. b subsp. dioica R.M.Schust. c subsp. hemisphaerica142 Cleveaceae Cavers 109 Clevea Lindb. [Athalamia auct. eur.] 1 C. hyalina (Sommerf.) Lindb. [Athalamia hyalina (Sommerf.) S.Hatt., Clevea hyalina var. suecica (Lindb.) Lindb., Athalamia hyalina var. suecica (Lindb.) S.Hatt., Clevea hyalina var. rufescens (S.W.Arnell) Konstant. nom. inval.] 2 C. spathysii (Lindenb.) Müll.Frib. [Athalamia spathysii (Lindenb.) S.Hatt.] 110 Peltolepis Lindb. 1 P. quadrata (Saut.) Müll.Frib. 111 Sauteria Nees Section Sauteria 1 S. alpina (Nees) Nees Conocephalaceae Müll.Frib. ex Grolle 112 Conocephalum Hill 1 C. conicum (L.) Dumort. 2 C. salebrosum Szweyk., Buczk. & Odrzyk.143 Corsiniaceae Engl. Corsinioideae Schiffn. 113 Corsinia Raddi 1 C. coriandrina (Spreng.) Lindb. Lunularia cruciata subsp. thaxteri (A.Evans & Herzog) R.M.Schust. occurs in South America and New Zealand. Mannia californica was reported new to Europe by Hugonnot and Schill (2006). 137 Mannia controversa (type from Switzerland) was usually regarded as a synonym of Mannia fragrans until Schill et al. (2008) showed it to be an independent species. 138 Mannia controversa subsp. asiatica D.B.Schill & D.G.Long occurs in Asia. 139 Mannia fragrans subsp. orientalis R.M.Schust. occurs in Japan. 140 Plagiochasma rupestre var. volkii Bischl. occurs in South America and southern Africa. 141 Plagiochasma appendiculatum was reported new to Europe from the Baleares by Cros et al. (2005). 142 Reboulia hemispherica subsp. paradoxa R.M.Schust. is described from Portugal (Schuster 1992b) but invalidly as it lacks a Latin description. If recognised it needs to be validated, but there are many uncertainties about the segregates of Reboulia hemispherica. Reboulia hemispherica subsp. acrogyna (R.M.Schust.) R.M.Schust. occurs in North America, subsp. orientalis R.M.Schust. in Asia, var. fissisquama Herzog in China and var. turkestanica C.E.O.Jensen ex Herzog in China. 143 Conocephalum salebrosum was described by Szweykowski et al. (2005) from Poland but shown to have a wide distribution both in Europe and elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere. On the other hand, they showed that Conocephalum conicum was a near-endemic to Europe. 136 26 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Cyathodiaceae Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. 114 Cyathodium Kunze 1 C. foetidissimum Schiffn.144 Dumortieraceae D.G.Long 115 Dumortiera Nees 1 D. hirsuta (Sw.) Nees a subsp. hirsuta145 Exormothecaceae Müll.Frib. ex Grolle 116 Exormotheca Mitt. subgenus Corbierella (Douin & Trab.) Schiffn. 1 E. welwitschii Steph. subgenus Exormotheca 2 E. pustulosa Mitt. Marchantiaceae Lindl. Marchantioideae Schiffn. 117 Marchantia L. subgenus Chlamidium (Corda) Bischl. section Paleacea Bischl. 1 M. paleacea Bertol. a subsp. paleacea146 subgenus Marchantia 2 M. polymorpha L.147 a subsp. montivagans Bischl. & Boissel.Dub. [Marchantia alpestris (Nees) Burgeff] b subsp. polymorpha [Marchantia aquatica (Nees) Burgeff] c subsp. ruderalis Bischl. & Boissel.-Dub. [Marchantia latifolia Gray] subgenus Preissia (Corda) D.G.Long, Crand.-Stotl., L.L.Forrest & Villarreal [Bucegia Radian, Preissia Corda] 3 M. quadrata Scop. [Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees] a subsp. hyperborea (R.M.Schust.) Borovich. [Preissia quadrata subsp. hyperborea R.M.Schust.] b subsp. quadrata 4 M. romanica (Radian) D.G.Long, Crand.-Stotl., L.L.Forrest & J.C.Villarreal [Bucegia romanica Radian] Oxymitraceae Müll.Frib. ex Grolle 144 118 Oxymitra Bisch. ex Lindenb. 1 O. incrassata (Brot.) Sérgio & Sim-Sim Ricciaceae Rchb. 119 Riccia L. subgenus Riccia section Riccia148 1 R. atlantica Sérgio & Perold 2 R. atromarginata Levier a var. atromarginata149 3 R. beyrichiana Hampe [Riccia marginata Lindb.] 4 R. bicarinata Lindb. 5 R. bifurca Hoffm. [Riccia bifurca var. subinermis Heeg] 6 R. breidleri Jur. ex Steph. 7 R. ciliata Hoffm. [Riccia ciliata var. epilosa Warnst., Riccia ciliata var. intumescens Bisch., Riccia ciliata var. violacea Kny, Riccia dalslandica S.W.Arnell, Riccia intumescens (Bisch.) Underw., Riccia canescens Steph., Riccia trichocarpa M.Howe, Riccia crinita auct. eur.]150 8 R. ciliifera Link [Riccia melitensis C.Massal.] 9 R. crozalsii Levier 10 R. crustata Trab. 11 R. glauca L. [Riccia glauca var. major (Roth) Lindenb.] a var. ciliaris Warnst. [Riccia glauca var. subinermis (Lindb.) Warnst.] b var. glauca 12 R. gothica Damsh. & Hallingb. 13 R. gougetiana Durieu & Mont. a var. armatissima Levier ex Müll.Frib. b var. gougetiana 14 R. lamellosa Raddi 15 R. ligula Steph. 16 R. macrocarpa Levier 17 R. michelii Raddi 18 R. nigrella DC. 19 R. papillosa Moris 20 R. sommieri Levier 21 R. sorocarpa Bisch. a subsp. arctica R.M.Schust. ex Köckinger & L. Söderstr. [Riccia sorocarpa subsp. arctica R.M.Schust. nom. inval., Riccia lindenbergiana Saut.] Cyathodium foetidissimum was recorded new to Europe by Ligrone and Duckett (2005). Dumortiera hirsuta subsp. nepalensis (Taylor) R.M.Schust. is widespread in the tropics and subsp. tatunoi Horik. occurs in Japan. 146 Marchantia paleacea subsp. diptera (Nees & Mont.) Inoue occurs in E Asia. 147 Recent molecular studies (Cronberg et al., unpubl.) indicate that the subspecies of Marchantia polymorpha should be better treated at species level. However, we keep them as subspecies until nomenclatural uncertainties raised by elevating them to species are resolved. 148 As noted by Hugonnot (2010a), the nomenclature and taxonomy of many species in sect. Riccia is highly problematic. Difficult taxa include Riccia bicarinata, R. bifurca, R. ciliata, R. crozalsii, R. michelii, R. subbifurca, R. warnstorfii and the little-known R. ligula. The morphology of these taxa is plastic, and it is unclear to what extent the size of the thallus and the development and structure of cilia are determined by genetic or environmental factors. Jovet-Ast (1986) published an important monograph of the Mediterranean species, but her concepts have been questioned in recent years (e.g. Hugonnot 2010b, 2015). Integrated molecular and morphological studies are urgently needed. 149 Riccia atromarginata var. jovet-astiae Rauh & Buchloh occurs on the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent parts of Africa. 150 Riccia trichocarpa was synonymised with the Australian Riccia crinita (the latter having priority) by Jovet-Ast (2000), a synonymisation that has been largely overlooked or rejected by European bryologists. Hugonnot (2010b) argued that Jovet-Ast’s (1986) concept of Riccia trichocarpa is actually Riccia ciliata, and her Riccia ciliata belongs to other species. Thus Hugonnot synonymised both taxa under the oldest name, Riccia ciliata. 145 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY b subsp. erythrophora R.M.Schust. ex Konstant. & L.Söderstr. [Riccia sorocarpa subsp. erythrophora R.M.Schust. nom. inval.] c subsp. sorocarpa151 [Riccia sorocarpa var. heegii Schiffn.] 22 R. subbifurca Warnst. ex Croz. [?Riccia oelandica C.E.O.Jensen]152 23 R. trabutiana Steph. 24 R. warnstorfii Limpr. ex Warnst. [Riccia warnstorfii var. commutata (J.B.Jack ex Levier) Damsh., Riccia warnstorfii var. subinermis Warnst., Riccia warnstorfii var. ciliaris Warnst.] section Pilifer O.H.Volk 25 R. boumanii Dirkse, Losada-Lima & M.Stech153 subgenus Ricciella (A.Braun) Boulay section Ricciella (A.Braun) Bisch. 26 R. canaliculata Hoffm. 27 R. duplex Lorb. ex Müll.Frib. a var. duplex154 28 R. fluitans L. 29 R. frostii Austin a var. frostii155 30 R. huebeneriana Lindenb. a subsp. huebeneriana [Riccia huebeneriana var. pseudo-frostii Schiffn.]156 31 R. perennis Steph. 32 R. rhenana Lorb. ex Müll.Frib. a var. rhenana b var. violacea M.F.Boiko section Spongodes Nees 33 R. cavernosa Hoffm. [Riccia teneriffae S.W.Arnell, Riccia cavernosa var. angustior (Nees) Damsh.] 34 R. crystallina L. 120 Ricciocarpos Corda 1 R. natans (L.) Corda Targioniaceae Dumort. 121 151 27 subgenus Targionia 1 T. hypophylla L. a subsp. hypophylla157 2 T. lorbeeriana Müll.Frib. Sphaerocarpales Cavers Riellaceae Engl. 122 Riella Mont. subgenus Riella 1 R. battandieri Trab. 2 R. bialata Trab.158 3 R. gallica Balansa ex Trab. 4 R. helicophylla (Bory & Mont.) Mont. a var. helicophylla b var. macrocarpa P.Allorge 5 R. notarisii (Mont.) Mont.159 6 R. reuteri Mont. subgenus Trabutiella Porsild 7 R. affinis M.Howe & Underw. 8 R. cossoniana Trab. 9 R. echinata (Müll.Frib.) Segarra, Puche & Sabovlj.160 10 R. mediterranea Segarra, Puche, Sabovlj., M.Infante & Heras161 Sphaerocarpaceae Heeg 123 Sphaerocarpos Boehm. subgenus Austrosphaerocarpos R.M.Schust. 1 S. stipitatus Bisch. ex Lindenb. subgenus Sphaerocarpos 2 S. europaeus Lorb. [Sphaerocarpos texanus auct. eur. non Austin]162 3 S. michelii Bellardi Mosses BRYOPHYTA SPHAGNOPSIDA SCHIMP . Sphagnales Limpr. Sphagnaceae Dumort. 1 Sphagnum L.163 Targionia L. Riccia sorocarpa var heegii was accepted with low confidence in the world checklist of liverworts (Söderström, Hagborg, et al. 2016). In Europe it has been reported from Portugal, Spain, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Austria, Serbia, North Macedonia and Romania as well as from the Canary Islands and Madeira. 152 The name Riccia subbifurca has been used for different plants in Europe, and the application of the name is problematic, as is its relationship with other taxa such as R. oelandica C.E.O. Jensen. The species was described by Crozals (1903), based primarily on material from a serpentine site in France. It is discussed by Hugonnot (2018), who suggests that it could be a taxon of localised occurrence on serpentine. 153 Riccia boumanii is newly described from the Canary Islands by Dirkse et al. (2016). 154 Riccia duplex var. megaspora Na-Thalang occurs in Australia. 155 Riccia frostii var. crystallinoides Schiffn. occurs in W Asia. 156 Riccia huebeneriana subsp. sullivantii (Austin) R.M.Schust. occurs in North America. 157 Targionia hypophylla subsp. linealis W.Frey & Kürschner occurs on the Arabian peninsula. 158 Riella bialata was reported new to Europe from Spain by Puche and Segarra-Moragues (2013). 159 Riella notarisii is a species complex with poorly defined taxonomic boundaries including the European Riella battandieri, Riella gallica and Riella reuteri as well as Riella cyrenaica Maire and Riella sersuensis Trab. from North Africa. 160 Riella echinata is a new species described from North Africa by Segarra-Moragues et al. (2014) but also occurring in Spain, The Baleares and Canary Islands. 161 Riella mediterranea is a new species described from Spain by Segarra-Moragues et al. (2014) but also occurring in the Baleares, Malta and Cyprus as well as in Morocco. 162 European accessions of ‘Sphaerocarpos texanus’ were shown to be clearly distinct from the American Sphaerocarpos texanus (Bell et al. 2013) and the latter is thus excluded from Europe. Sphaerocarpos europaeus is the oldest name based on a European specimen. 163 The subgeneric and sectional classification of Sphagnum follows Laine et al. (2018). 28 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. subgenus Rigida (Lindb.) A.Eddy 1 S. compactum Lam. & DC. 2 S. strictum Sull. subgenus Sphagnum 3 S. affine Renauld & Cardot [Sphagnum affine var. flagellare (Schlieph. ex Röll) L.Söderstr. & Hedenäs, Sphagnum imbricatum subsp. affine (Renauld & Cardot) Flatberg] 4 S. austinii Sull. [Sphagnum imbricatum subsp. austinii (Sull.) Flatberg] 5 S. centrale C.E.O.Jensen [Sphagnum palustre var. centrale (C.E.O.Jensen) A.Eddy] 6 S. divinum Flatberg & Hassel [Sphagnum magellanicum auct. eur. p.p., non Brid.] 7 S. medium Limpr. [Sphagnum magellanicum auct. eur. p.p., non Brid.]164 8 S. palustre L. 9 S. papillosum Lindb. subgenus Acutifolia (Russow) A.J.Shaw section Squarrosa (Russow) Schimp. 10 S. mirum Flatberg & Thingsgaard165 11 S. squarrosum Crome 12 S. teres (Schimp.) Ångstr. 13 S. tundrae Flatberg section Polyclada (C.E.O.Jensen) Horrell 14 S. wulfianum Girg. section Insulosa Isov. 15 S. aongstroemii C.Hartm. section Acutifolia Wilson 16 S. angermanicum Melin 17 S. arcticum Flatberg & Frisvoll 18 S. beothuk R.E.Andrus166 19 S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. [Sphagnum capillifolium subsp. capillifolium] 20 S. concinnum (Berggr.) Flatberg [Sphagnum fimbriatum subsp. concinnum (Berggr.) Flatberg & Frisvoll]167 21 S. fimbriatum Wilson 22 S. fuscum (Schimp.) H.Klinggr. 23 S. girgensohnii Russow 24 S. molle Sull. 25 S. nitidulum Warnst.168 26 S. olafii Flatberg 164 27 28 S. quinquefarium (Braithw.) Warnst. S. rubellum Wilson [Sphagnum capillifolium subsp. rubellum (Wilson) M.O.Hill] 29 S. rubiginosum Flatberg 30 S. russowii Warnst. 31 S. skyense Flatberg 32 S. subfulvum Sjörs a subsp. purpureum Flatberg b subsp. subfulvum 33 S. subnitens Russow & Warnst. a subsp. ferrugineum Flatberg [Sphagnum subnitens var. ferrugineum (Flatberg) M.O.Hill] b subsp. subnitens 34 S. tescorum Flatberg169 35 S. venustum Flatberg170 36 S. warnstorfii Russow subgenus Subsecunda (Lindb.) A.J.Shaw 37 S. auriculatum Schimp. [Sphagnum denticulatum Brid.] 38 S. contortum Schultz 39 S. inundatum Russow 40 S. platyphyllum (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Warnst. 41 S. pylaesii Brid. 42 S. subsecundum Nees subgenus Cuspidata Lindb. 43 S. angustifolium (C.E.O.Jensen ex Russow) C.E.O.Jensen 44 S. annulatum H.Lindb. ex Warnst. 45 S. balticum (Russow) C.E.O.Jensen 46 S. cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. a var. cuspidatum b var. viride (Flatberg) Lönnell & Hassel [Sphagnum viride Flatberg]171 47 S. fallax (H.Klinggr.) H.Klinggr.172 a var. brevifolium (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Lönnell & Hassel [Sphagnum brevifolium (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Röll] b var. fallax c var. isoviitae (Flatberg) Lönnell & Hassel [Sphagnum fallax subsp. isoviitae (Flatberg) M.O.Hill, Sphagnum isoviitae Flatberg] All European records of Sphagnum magellanicum are referable to Sphagnum divinum or Sphagnum medium (Hassel et al. 2018). Sphagnum magellanicum s.str. is confined to southern South America. Sphagnum mirum is an Arctic species recently found in Nenets Province, European Russia (Laine et al. 2018). 166 Sphagnum beothuk is a North American species (Andrus 2006), recently found to occur in oceanic parts of Europe (Kyrkjeeide et al. 2015). 167 Shaw et al. (2012) showed that Sphagnum concinnum and Sphagnum fimbriatum are distinct species on both morphological and molecular evidence. 168 Sphagnum nitidulum is a doubtful species in need of revision, that grows around fumaroles on the island of Terceira in the Azores. It appears distinctive, but the diagnostic characters might merely be the result of these extreme conditions (Séneca and Söderström 2009). 169 Sphagnum tescorum was found in subarctic European Russia in 2016 (Laine et al. 2018). 170 Sphagnum venustum was described from eastern Canada (Flatberg 2008). It is amphi-Atlantic, with a single location found recently in Norway (Laine et al. 2018). 171 Sphagnum viride was treated as a synonym of Sphagnum cuspidatum by Hill et al. (2006), then as a variety by Lönnell and Hassel (2018). Hanssen et al. (2000) found that the molecular evidence for differentiation is slight. They further suggested that ”the different distribution patterns found in northwestern Europe speak in favour of a separation at the subspecies rank, but we consider a formal taxonomic decision premature at this point”. Laine et al. (2018) state that ”the taxonomic status of this species is still somewhat unclear in relation to Sphagnum cuspidatum”. We follow Lönnell and Hassel (2018) pending further molecular work. 172 The new combinations for Sphagnum brevifolium and Sphagnum isoviitae were proposed by Lönnell and Hassel (2018), although further molecular studies are needed to clarify their status conclusively. It has been observed that the three varieties of Sphagnum fallax are morphologically rather stable in each of their preferred habitats, and it may be that epigenetic processes are involved in the expression of Sphagnum fallax phenotypes. 165 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 S. flexuosum Dozy & Molk. S. jensenii H.Lindb. S. lenense H.Lindb. ex L.I.Savicz S. lindbergii Schimp. S. majus (Russow) C.E.O.Jensen a subsp. majus b subsp. norvegicum Flatberg S. obtusum Warnst. S. pulchrum (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Warnst. S. recurvum P.Beauv.173 S. riparium Ångstr. S. tenellum (Brid.) Pers. ex Brid. S. troendelagicum Flatberg ANDREAEOPSIDA J.H.SCHAFFN. Andreaeales Limpr. Andreaeaceae Dumort. 2 Andreaea Hedw. section Chasmocalyx Lindb. ex Braithw. 1 A. nivalis Hook. section Nerviae Cardot ex G.Roth 2 A. blyttii Schimp. 3 A. crassinervia Bruch 4 A. frigida Huebener 5 A. heinemannii Hampe & Müll.Hal. a subsp. crassifolia (Luisier) Sérgio b subsp. heinemannii 6 A. megistospora B.M.Murray 7 A. rothii F.Weber & D.Mohr a subsp. falcata (Schimp.) Lindb. b subsp. rothii section Andreaea 8 A. alpestris (Thed.) Schimp. [Andreaea rupestris var. alpestris (Thed.) Sharp] 9 A. alpina Hedw. [Andreaea hartmanii Thed., Andreaea obovata Thed.]174 10 A. flexuosa R.Br. bis a subsp. luisieri Sérgio & Sim-Sim175 11 A. hookeri Schimp. [Andreaea alpina auct. mult.]176 12 A. mutabilis Hook.f. & Wilson 13 A. rupestris Hedw. a var. papillosa (Lindb.) Podp. b var. rupestris 14 A. sinuosa B.M.Murray 29 Oedipodiales Goffinet & W.R.Buck Oedipodiaceae Schimp. 3 Oedipodium Schwägr. 1 O. griffithianum (Dicks.) Schwägr. TETRAPHIDOPSIDA GOFFINET & W.R.BUCK Tetraphidales M.Fleisch. Tetraphidaceae Schimp. 4 Tetraphis Hedw. 1 T. pellucida Hedw. 5 Tetrodontium Schwägr. 1 T. brownianum (Dicks.) Schwägr. 2 T. ovatum (Funck) Schwägr. 3 T. repandum (Funck) Schwägr. POLYTRICHOPSIDA DOWELD Polytrichales M.Fleisch. Polytrichaceae Schwägr. 6 Alophosia Card. 1 A. azorica (Renauld & Cardot) Cardot 7 Atrichum P.Beauv. 1 A. androgynum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger177 2 A. angustatum (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. 3 A. crispum (James) Sull. 4 A. flavisetum Mitt. 5 A. tenellum (Röhl.) Bruch & Schimp. 6 A. undulatum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. 8 Oligotrichum DC. 1 O. hercynicum (Hedw.) Lam. & DC. 9 Pogonatum P.Beauv. 1 P. aloides (Hedw.) P.Beauv. 2 P. dentatum (Menzies ex Brid.) Brid. 3 P. nanum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. 4 P. neesii (Müll.Hal.) Dozy 5 P. urnigerum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. 10 Polytrichastrum G.L.Sm.178 1 P. alpinum (Hedw.) G.L.Sm. [Polytrichastrum norwegicum (Hedw.) Schljakov, Polytrichum alpinum Hedw., Polytrichum alpinum var. arcticum (Sw. ex Brid.) Wahlenb.] 2 P. altaicum Ignatov & G.L.Merr.179 OEDIPODIOPSIDA GOFFINET & W.R.BUCK 173 Sphagnum recurvum s.str. is essentially an American taxon recently found in the Azores (Dias et al. 2009). Historically the name was used in a wider sense, encompassing Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum angustifolium and Sphagnum flexuosum. The confused history of Andreaea alpina and Andreaea hookeri was elucidated by Price and Ellis (2018), who describe the problems associated with the name ‘Andreaea alpina’ and the type specimens associated with that name. In consequence, the species previously and widely known as ‘Andreaea alpina’ must now be called Andreaea hookeri, while Andreaea alpina, for which a lectotype is designated by Price and Ellis (2018), applies to the species previously known as Andreaea obovata. 175 Andreaea flexuosa subsp. luisieri is a new taxon described from Madeira (Sérgio and Sim-Sim 2012); subsp. flexuosa occurs in the Southern Hemisphere. 176 See footnote on Andreaea alpina, above. Andreaea hookeri is therefore the correct name for the plant generally known previously as Andreaea alpina. 177 Atrichum androgynum was reported from Macaronesia and Portugal by Sérgio et al. (2010). 178 The composition of Polytrichastrum in Russia was clarified by Ivanova et al. (2014). 179 Polytrichastrum altaicum was described from the Altai Mountains in Asiatic Russia (Ignatov and Smith Merrill (1995), and later also located in European Russia and Finnish Lapland (Ivanova et al. 2014). 174 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 30 3 4 5 6 11 180 P. fragile (Bryhn) Schljakov [Polytrichastrum alpinum var. fragile (Bryhn) D.G.Long, Polytrichum fragile Bryhn]180 P. septentrionale (Brid.) E.I.Ivanova, N.E.Bell & Ignatov [Polytrichastrum alpinum var. septentrionale (Sw. ex Brid.) G.L.Sm., Polytrichum septentrionale Brid.]181 P. sexangulare (Brid.) G.L.Sm. [Polytrichum sexangulare Hedw.] P. sphaerothecium (Besch.) J.-P.Frahm [Polytrichastrum sexangulare var. vulcanicum (C.E.O.Jensen) G.L.Merr., Polytrichum sphaerothecium (Besch.) Müll.Hal.] Polytrichum Hedw. 1 P. commune Hedw. [Polytrichum commune var. commune, Polytrichum commune var. uliginosum Wallr., Polytrichum uliginosum (Wallr.) Schriebl]182 2 P. densifolium Wilson ex Mitt. [Polytrichastrum formosum var. densifolium (Wilson ex Mitt.) Z.Iwats. & Nog., Polytrichum formosum var. densifolium (Wilson ex Mitt.) Osada]183 3 P. formosum Hedw. [Polytrichastrum formosum (Hedw.) G.L.Sm.]184 4 P. hyperboreum R.Br. 5 P. jensenii I.Hagen 6 P. juniperinum Hedw. 7 P. longisetum Sw. ex Brid. [Polytrichastrum longisetum (Sw. ex Brid.) G.L.Sm.]185 8 P. pallidisetum Funck [Polytrichastrum pallidisetum (Funck) G.L.Sm.]186 9 P. perigoniale Michx. [Polytrichum commune var. humile Sw., Polytrichum commune var. perigoniale (Michx.) Hampe]187 10 P. piliferum Hedw. 11 P. strictum Menzies ex Brid. [Polytrichum alpestre Hoppe] 12 P. swartzii Hartm. [Polytrichum commune var. swartzii (Hartm.) Nyholm] 12 Psilopilum Brid. 1 P. cavifolium (Wilson) I.Hagen 2 P. laevigatum (Wahlenb.) Lindb. BRYOPSIDA PAX Buxbaumiales M.Fleisch. Buxbaumiaceae Schimp. 13 Buxbaumia Hedw. 1 B. aphylla Hedw. 2 B. viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex Moug. & Nestl. Diphysciales M.Fleisch. Diphysciaceae M.Fleisch. 14 Diphyscium D.Mohr 1 D. foliosum (Hedw.) D.Mohr Timmiales Ochyra Timmiaceae Schimp. 15 Timmia Hedw. section Timmiaurea Brassard 1 T. austriaca Hedw. section Timmia 2 T. bavarica Hessl. 3 T. megapolitana Hedw. section Norvegica Brassard 4 T. comata Lindb. & Arnell 5 T. norvegica J.E.Zetterst. 6 T. sibirica Lindb. & Arnell Encalyptales Dixon Encalyptaceae Schimp. 16 Bryobrittonia Williams 1 B. longipes (Mitt.) D.G.Horton Polytrichastrum fragile was treated at species level by Ivanova et al. (2014). Polytrichastrum septentrionale was treated at species level by Ivanova et al. (2014). Polytrichum commune var. uliginosum Wallr. was raised to specific rank by Schriebl (1991) following his observation of stability in the described diagnostic features in culture. Hill et al. (2006) accepted this view, supported partially by Bijlsma et al. (2000), who found two distinct genetic entities within Polytrichum commune s.lat. that they recognised as Polytrichum uliginosum and Polytrichum commune, with Polytrichum commune var. perigoniale (Michx.) Hampe treated under Polytrichum commune. Subsequent molecular and herbarium studies (Bell et al. 2010; Kariyawasam et al. in prep), have confirmed that these two genetic entities exist, although they show that Polytrichum uliginosum should be treated under Polytrichum commune while Polytrichum perigoniale Michx. is the correct name for the other entity. This is because Bijlsma et al. (2000) based their sampling of Polytrichum commune on Schriebl’s concept of the species, with specimens corresponding to Polytrichum commune var. perigoniale (as can be seen in their Figure 1C), while the concept of Polytrichum uliginosum they used presumably included plants corresponding morphologically to Polytrichum commune var. commune. The type of Polytrichum commune in the Hedwig-Schwägrichen-herbarium comprises nine stems on a single herbarium sheet. Some of these appear to have been added by Schwägrichen for comparison purposes and are assignable to Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum appressum (=Polytrichum subpilosum) and Polytrichum perigoniale. Six others match Hedwig’s original description of Polytrichum commune and descriptions in the literature he cited, as well as the concept of Polytrichum commune var. commune traditionally used in Europe. Of these, one will be selected as a lectotype for Polytrichum commune (Kariyawasam, in prep). See also footnote to Polytrichum perigoniale, below. 183 Originally described in 1859 from Sikkim in India (Mitten 1859), Polytrichum densifolium was overlooked in Europe (and elsewhere), where specimens were assigned to Polytrichum formosum. Most Russian specimens previously named Polytrichum formosum were transferred to Polytrichum densifolium by Ivanova et al. (2015), and it seems likely that many other eastern European occurrences of ‘Polytrichum formosum’ may also prove to be Polytrichum densifolium. 184 Polytrichastrum formosum was returned to Polytrichum by Bell and Hyvönen (2010), a treatment followed by Ivanova et al. (2014) and others. 185 Polytrichastrum longisetum was returned to Polytrichum by Bell and Hyvönen (2010), a treatment followed by Ivanova et al. (2014) and others. 186 Polytrichastrum pallidisetum was returned to Polytrichum by Bell and Hyvönen (2010), a treatment followed by Ivanova et al. (2014) and others. 187 Molecular evidence (e.g. Bell et al. 2010; Kariyawasam et al. in prep.) clearly shows Polytrichum perigonale to be more closely related to a number of nonEuropean species than to Polytrichum commune s.str., thus necessitating its recognition as a full species rather than a variety of Polytrichum commune. The type (G) has been examined by Kariyawasam. 181 182 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 17 Encalypta Hedw. section Streptotheca (Kindb.) Broth. 1 E. procera Bruch 2 E. streptocarpa Hedw. section Pyromitrium Wallr. ex Hampe 3 E. alpina Sm. 4 E. mutica I.Hagen section Rhabdotheca Müll.Hal. 5 E. pilifera Funck [Encalypta obovatifolia Nyholm, Encalypta intermedia Jur.]188 6 E. rhaptocarpa Schwägr. 7 E. spathulata Müll.Hal. [Encalypta rhaptocarpa var. spathulata (Müll.Hal.) Husn.] 8 E. trachymitria Ripart [Encalypta rhaptocarpa var. leptodon Lindb., Encalypta rhaptocarpa var. trachymitria (Ripart) Wijk & Margad.]189 9 E. vulgaris Hedw. section Megasporae D.G.Horton 10 E. longicolla Bruch section Encalypta 11 E. affinis R.Hedw. a subsp. affinis b subsp. macounii (Austin) D.G.Horton 12 E. brevicolla (Bruch & Schimp.) Ångstr. 13 E. brevipes Schljakov 14 E. ciliata Hedw. 15 E. microstoma Bals.-Criv. & De Not. Funariales M.Fleisch. Funariaceae Schwägr. Pyramiduloideae O.Werner, Ros & Goffinet190 18 Goniomitrium Hook.f. & Wilson 1 G. seroi Casas 19 Pyramidula Brid. 1 P. tetragona (Brid.) Brid. Funarioideae Broth. 20 Entosthodon Schwägr. subgenus Entosthodon 1 E. abramovae Fedosov & Ignatova191 188 31 2 E. attenuatus (Dicks.) Bryhn [Entosthodon templetonii (Sm.) Schwägr.] 3 E. commutatus Durieu & Mont. [Entosthodon krausei Besch.]192 4 E. dagestanicus Fedosov & Ignatova193 5 E. duriaei Mont.194 6 E. handelii (Schiffn.) Laz. [Funaria handelii Schiffn.]195 7 E. hungaricus (Boros) Loeske 8 E. kroonkurk Dirkse & Brugués196 9 E. obtusus (Hedw.) Lindb. 10 E. stenophyllus Fedosov & Ignatova197 subgenus Plagiodus (Mitt.) Fife 11 E. convexus (Spruce) Brugués 12 E. muhlenbergii (Turner) Fife 13 E. pulchellus (H.Philib.) Brugués 14 E. schimperi Brugués subgenus Murcia Fife 15 E. fascicularis (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. 16 E. mouretii (Corb.) Jelenc 21 Funaria Schwägr.198 1 F. aequidens Lindb. ex Broth. 2 F. arctica (Berggr.) Kindb. 3 F. hygrometrica Hedw. 4 F. microstoma Bruch ex Schimp. 22 Funariella Sérgio 1 F. curviseta (Schwägr.) Sérgio 23 Physcomitrium (Brid.) Brid. [Aphanorrhegma Sull., Ephemerella Mull.Hal., Physcomitrella Bruch & Schimp., Physcomitridium G.Roth]199 1 P. arenicola Laz. 2 P. eurystomum Sendtn. a subsp. acuminatum (Bruch & Schimp.) Giacom. b subsp. eurystomum 3 P. patens (Hedw.) Mitt. [Aphanorrhegma patens (Hedw.) Lindb., Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp.] 4 P. pyriforme (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. Molecular studies by Fedosov (2012) showed that Encalypta pilifera is one of the most isolated taxa in sect. Rhabdotheca, thus justifying specific status, and Encalypta pilifera is the earliest published name. 189 Fedosov (2012) proposed the recognition of Encalypta trachymitria at specific level on the basis of molecular studies on Russian material. 190 The position of Goniomitrium and Pyramidula in a subfamily within the Funariaceae was confirmed using molecular data by Werner, Ros, et al. (2007). 191 Entosthodon abramovae was described from the Caucasus by Fedosov, Ignatova, et al. (2010). 192 Entosthodon krausei was synonymised with Entosthodon commutatus by Brugués and Sérgio (2010). 193 Entosthodon dagestanicus was described from the Caucasus by Fedosov, Ignatova, et al. (2010). 194 According to Ros, Mazimpaka, et al. (2013), all occurrences of the epithet ‘durieui’, and combinations based on it, need to be changed to ‘duriaei’, because that is the original spelling. 195 Entosthodon handelii was reported from the Caucasus new to Europe by Fedosov, Ignatova, et al. (2010). 196 Entosthodon kroonkurk was described from Spain and the Canary Islands by Dirkse and Brugués (2010). 197 Entosthodon stenophyllus was described from the Caucasus by Fedosov, Ignatova, et al. (2010). 198 Funaria anomala Jur. is a little-known taxon described from Cyprus by Juratzka in Unger and Kotschy (1865). It has also been reported from Egypt and SW Asia. Its status is doubtful. Loeske (1929), who examined the type collection, suggested that it could be a hybrid between female Entosthodon templetonii (Entosthodon attenuatus) and male Funaria dentata (Funaria muhlenbergii s.lat.). There have been no subsequent reports from Cyprus, and the taxon is therefore not included in the checklist. 199 Medina et al. (2019) concluded that there are no morphological or molecular grounds for maintaining Physcomitrella and Physcomitridium as separate genera from Physcomitrium. 32 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 5 6 P. readeri Müll.Hal. [Ephemerella readeri Müll.Hal., Physcomitrella readeri (Müll.Hal.) I.G.Stone & G.A.M.Scott, Physcomitridium readeri (Müll.Hal.) G.Roth]200 P. sphaericum (C.F.Ludw. ex Schkuhr) Brid. Disceliaceae Schimp. 24 Discelium Brid. 1 D. nudum (Dicks.) Brid. Gigaspermales Goffinet, Wickett, O.Werner, Ros, A.J.Shaw & C.J.Cox Gigaspermaceae Lindb. 25 Gigaspermum Lindb. 1 G. mouretii Corb. 26 Oedipodiella Dixon 1 O. australis (Wager & Dixon) Dixon Schwägr.) Schimp., Dicranoweisia crispula var. compacta (Schwägr.) Lindb.] 2 H. crispulum (Hedw.) Ochyra [Dicranoweisia crispula (Hedw.) Milde] 3 H. mulahaceni (Höhn.) Ochyra [Dicranoweisia crispula var. intermedia (J.J.Amann) Podp., Dicranoweisia intermedia J.J.Amann, Hymenoloma intermedium (J.J.Amann) Ochyra]205 Flexitrichaceae Ignatov & Fedosov206 31 Flexitrichum Ignatov & Fedosov 1 F. flexicaule (Schwägr.) Ignatov & Fedosov [Ditrichum flexicaule (Schwägr.) Hampe] 2 F. gracile (Mitt.) Ignatov & Fedosov [Ditrichum crispatissimum (Müll.Hal.) Paris, Ditrichum gracile (Mitt.) Kuntze] Catoscopiales Ignatov & Ignatova Catoscopiaceae Broth. 27 Catoscopium Brid. 1 C. nigritum (Hedw.) Brid. Bryoxiphiaceae Besch. 32 Bryoxiphium Brid. 1 B. madeirense Á.Löve & D.Löve 2 B. norvegicum (Brid.) Mitt. Dicranales H.Philib ex M.Fleisch.201 Timmiellaceae Y.Inoue & H.Tsubota202 28 Timmiella (De Not.) Limpr. 1 T. anomala (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr. 2 T. barbuloides (Brid.) Mönk. 3 T. flexiseta (Bruch) Limpr. Archidiaceae Schimp. 33 Archidium Brid. 1 A. alternifolium (Hedw.) Mitt. Distichiaceae Schimp.203 29 Distichium Bruch & Schimp. 1 D. capillaceum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 2 D. hagenii Ryan ex H.Philib. 3 D. inclinatum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. Hymenolomataceae Ignatov & Fedosov204 30 Hymenoloma Dusén 1 H. compactum (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) Ochyra [Dicranoweisia compacta (Schleich. ex 200 Micromitriaceae Smyth ex Goffinet & Budke207 34 Micromitrium Austin 1 M. tenerum (Bruch & Schimp.) Crosby Leucobryaceae Schimp. 35 Atractylocarpus Mitt. 1 A. alpinus (Schimp. ex Milde) Lindb. 2 A. subporodictyon (Broth.) Bonfim Santos & M.Stech [Campylopus subporodictyon (Broth.) B.H.Allen & Ireland, Dicranodontium subporodictyon Broth., Dicranum subporodictyon (Broth.) C.Gao & T.Gao]208 Physcomitrium readeri was reported, as Ephemerella readeri, new to Europe by Hooper et al. (2010). It was moved to Physcomitridium by Goffinet and Buck (2011), and is now in Physcomitrium (Medina et al. 2019). 201 The order Dicranales is here pragmatically broadened to include the basal lineages of haplolepidous mosses (‘Protohaplolepidae’ of Hedderson et al. 2004). This decision necessarily results in merging the order Pottiales with Dicranales, although we retain Grimmiales as one of the crown groups of Dicranidae. 202 Inoue and Tsubota (2014, 2016) showed through molecular studies that Timmiella should be accommodated within a new family, Timmiellaceae, along with the tropical genus Luisierella. The evidence also suggests that the family does not belong to the Pottiales but rather to the basal haplolepidous mosses (‘Protohaplolepidae’). 203 Fedosov, Fedorova, Fedosov, et al. (2016) provided molecular evidence that Distichium cannot be placed in the Ditrichaceae, They therefore resurrected the family Distichiaceae, which had not been used for more than a century. Further molecular evidence suggests that the Distichiaceae do not belong to the Dicranales but rather to the basal haplolepidous mosses (‘Protohaplolepidae’). 204 Fedosov, Fedorova, Troitsky, et al. (2016) place the genus Hymenoloma in a family of its own, the Hymenolomataceae. The relationships of the species in Hymenoloma and Dicranoweisia were elucidated by Werner, Rams, et al. (2013). 205 Hymenoloma mulahaceni is a Holarctic species whose taxonomy and distribution is described by Werner, Rams, et al. (2013). 206 The family Flexitrichaceae was described as new on the basis of molecular evidence (Fedosov, Fedorova, Fedosov, et al. 2016), which places it apart from Ditrichaceae. As with the Distichiaceae, molecular evidence suggests that the Flexitrichaceae do not belong to the Dicranales but rather to the basal haplolepidous mosses (‘Protohaplolepidae’). 207 The Micromitriaceae is a new family described by Goffinet, Budke, et al. (2011) on molecular grounds. Its affinities with Dicranidae have not yet been clarified but it might be close to taxa basal to Leucobryaceae (cf. Bonfim Santos and Stech 2017; Stech et al. 2012). 208 Recent molecular work shows Campylopus subporodictyon to be best placed in Atractylocarpus (Bonfim Santos and Stech 2017). JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 36 37 38 Campylopus Brid. 1 C. atrovirens De Not. [Campylopus atrovirens var. falcatus Braithw.] 2 C. brevipilus Bruch & Schimp. 3 C. cygneus (Hedw.) Brid. 4 C. flaccidus Renauld & Cardot 5 C. flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. 6 C. fragilis (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. 7 C. gracilis (Mitt.) A.Jaeger [Campylopus schwarzii Schimp.] 8 C. incrassatus Müll.Hal. 9 C. introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. 10 C. oerstedianus (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. 11 C. pilifer Brid. 12 C. pyriformis (Schultz) Brid. [Campylopus pyriformis var. azoricus (Mitt.) M.F.V.Corley] 13 C. schimperi Milde [Campylopus subulatus var. schimperi (Milde) Husn.]209 14 C. setifolius Wilson 15 C. shawii Wilson 16 C. subulatus Schimp. ex Milde210 Dicranodontium Bruch & Schimp. 1 D. asperulum (Mitt.) Broth. 2 D. denudatum (Brid.) E.Britton [Dicranodontium denudatum var. alpinum (Schimp.) I.Hagen] 3 D. uncinatum (Harv.) A.Jaeger Leucobryum Hampe 1 L. albidum (P.Beauv.) Lindb.211 2 L. glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr. 3 L. juniperoideum (Brid.) Müll.Hal. Amphidiaceae M.Stech 39 Amphidium Schimp. 1 A. lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp. 2 A. mougeotii (Schimp.) Schimp. 3 A. curvipes (Müll.Hal.) Broth. [Amphidium tortuosum auct. eur.] Aongstroemiaceae De Not. 40 Aongstroemia Schimp. 1 A. longipes (Sommerf.) Bruch & Schimp. 209 33 41 Dichodontium Schimp. 1 D. flavescens (Dicks.) Lindb. 2 D. pellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp. 42 Diobelonella Ochyra212 1 D. palustris (Dicks.) Ochyra [Anisothecium palustre (Dicks.) I.Hagen, Dichodontium palustre (Dicks.) M.Stech, Dicranella palustris (Dicks.) Crundw.] Dicranellaceae M.Stech 43 Dicranella (Müll.Hal.) Schimp. 1 D. campylophylla (Taylor) A.Jaeger 2 D. cerviculata (Hedw.) Schimp. 3 D. crispa (Hedw.) Schimp. 4 D. grevilleana (Brid.) Schimp. 5 D. heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. 6 D. howei Renauld & Cardot 7 D. humilis R.Ruthe 8 D. rufescens (Dicks.) Schimp. 9 D. schreberiana (Hedw.) Dixon 10 D. staphylina H.Whitehouse 11 D. subulata (Hedw.) Schimp. 12 D. varia (Hedw.) Schimp. 44 Microcampylopus (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. 1 M. laevigatus (Thér.) Giese & J.-P.Frahm Fissidentaceae Schimp. 45 Fissidens Hedw. subgenus Pachyfissidens (Müll.Hal.) L.Söderstr. & A.Hagborg section Pachyfissidens Müll.Hal. 1 F. adianthoides Hedw. 2 F. azoricus (P.de la Varde) Bizot 3 F. dubius P.Beauv. [Fissidens cristatus Wilson ex Mitt.] a var. dubius b var. mucronatus (Limpr.) Kartt., Hedenäs & L.Söderstr.213 4 F. grandifrons Brid. 5 F. osmundoides Hedw. 6 F. polyphyllus Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp. 7 F. serrulatus Brid. [Fissidens luisieri P.de la Varde]214 8 F. taxifolius Hedw. [Fissidens taxifolius subsp. pallidicaulis (Mitt.) Mönk]215 Campylopus schimperi is often treated as a variety of Campylopus subulatus (e.g. Meinunger and Schröder 2007) but we follow Hill et al. (2006) in retaining it at species level. Although they are difficult to separate in some parts of their range, Campylopus schimperi is usually very distinct in size, habit and habitat. 210 Because of inconsistencies regarding their respective habitats, there is some doubt that the taxon commonly identified as Campylopus subulatus is the same as the type specimen; this therefore requires clarification. 211 Vanderpoorten et al. (2003) suggested that Leucobryum albidum is synonymous with Leucobryum juniperoideum. However, the two species were included by Hill et al. (2006), and in the absence of further work are retained here. The identification of the three European species is discussed by Simmel and Poschlod (2017). 212 Ochyra, Żarnowiec, et al. (2003) proposed a new genus, Diobelonella, for Dichodontium palustre, which, while it has molecular affinities with Dichodontium (Stech 1999), does not sit comfortably there. It is placed alongside Dichodontium in the Aongstroemiaceae by Frey and Stech (2009). 213 Fissidens dubius var. mucronatus is morphologically characterised by the mucronate apex of the upper leaves. It also has a different ecology. Recent Dutch research also shows differences in DNA sequences between var. mucronatus and the type (H. N. Siebel and M. Stech, pers. comm. 2019). 214 Fissidens luisieri may be distinct but further work is necessary. For the present we follow Werner, Patiño, et al. (2009) in treating it as a synonym of Fissidens serrulatus. 215 Fissidens taxifolius subsp. pallidicaulis intergrades completely with the type subspecies and is therefore treated as a synonym. 34 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. section Amblyothallia (Müll.Hal.) Pursell & Brugg.Nann. 9 F. asplenioides Hedw. subgenus Octodiceras (Brid.) Broth. [Octodiceras Brid.] 10 F. fontanus (Bach.Pyl.) Steud. [Octodiceras fontanum (Bach.Pyl.) Lindb.] subgenus Fissidens 11 F. arcticus Bryhn 12 F. arnoldii R.Ruthe 13 F. bryoides Hedw. a var. bryoides b var. caespitans Schimp. [Fissidens bryoides var. curnovii (Mitt.) J.J.Amann, Fissidens curnovii Mitt.] 14 F. coacervatus Brugg.-Nann. 15 F. crassipes Wilson ex Bruch & Schimp. a subsp. crassipes b subsp. warnstorfii (M.Fleisch.) Brugg.Nann. 16 F. crispus Mont. [Fissidens herzogii R.Ruthe ex Herzog, Fissidens limbatus Sull., Fissidens minutulus Sull.] 17 F. curvatus Hornsch. [Fissidens algarvicus Solms] 18 F. gracilifolius Brugg.-Nann. & Nyholm [Fissidens viridulus var. tenuifolius (Boulay) A.J.E.Sm.] 19 F. gymnandrus Buse 20 F. incurvus Starke ex Röhl. [Fissidens viridulus var. incurvus (Starke ex Röhl.) Waldh.]216 21 F. jansenii Sérgio & Pursell 22 F. monguillonii Thér. 23 F. ovatifolius R.Ruthe 24 F. pusillus (Wilson) Milde [Fissidens viridulus var. pusillus Wilson] 25 F. rivularis (Spruce) Schimp. 26 F. rufulus Bruch & Schimp. 27 F. sublimbatus Grout 28 F. sublineaefolius (P.de la Varde) Brugg.Nann. 29 F. viridulus (Sw.) Wahlenb. [Fissidens bambergeri Schimp. ex Milde, Fissidens exiguus auct. eur., Fissidens viridulus var. bambergeri (Schimp. ex Milde) Waldh.]217 subgenus Aloma Kindb. 30 F. celticus Paton 31 F. exilis Hedw. 216 32 F. microstictus Dixon & Luisier 33 F. nobreganus Dixon & Luisier 34 F. serratus Müll.Hal. Dicranaceae Schimp. Dicranoideae Lindb. 46 Dicranoloma (Renauld) Renauld 1 D. menziesii (Taylor) Broth. ex Renauld218 47 Dicranum Hedw.219 section Dicranum 1 D. bonjeanii De Not. [Dicranum undulatum Turner, nom. illeg.] 2 D. crassifolium Sérgio, Ochyra & Séneca 3 D. leioneuron Kindb. 4 D. majus Sm. 5 D. polysetum Sw. ex anon. [Dicranum rugosum (Hoffm. ex Funck) Brid., Dicranum undulatum Ehrh. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr, nom. illeg.] 6 D. scoparium Hedw. 7 D. transsylvanicum Lüth section Spuria Bruch & Schimp. 8 D. acutifolium (Lindb. & Arnell) C.E.O.Jensen [Dicranum bergeri var. acutifolium Lindb. & Arnell, Dicranum muehlenbeckii var. acutifolium (Lindb. & Arnell) Nyholm] 9 D. bardunovii Tubanova & Ignatova220 10 D. brevifolium (Lindb.) Lindb. [Dicranum muehlenbeckii var. brevifolium Lindb., Dicranum muehlenbeckii var. cirrhatum (Schimp.) Lindb.] 11 D. dispersum Engelmark 12 D. drummondii Müll.Hal. 13 D. septentrionale Tubanova & Ignatova221 14 D. spurium Hedw. 15 D. undulatum Schrad. ex Brid. [Dicranum bergeri Blandow] section Fuscescentiformia (Kindb.) Ochyra 16 D. flexicaule Brid. [Dicranum congestum Brid., Dicranum fuscescens var. congestum (Brid.) Husn., Dicranum fuscescens var. flexicaule (Brid.) Wilson] 17 D. fuscescens Sm. section Convolutifolia (Kindb.) Ochyra 18 D. angustum Lindb. 19 D. muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp. Although morphological differences with Fissidens viridulus are small, recent molecular studies show that the closest relative of Fissidens incurvus is not Fissidens viridulus (H. N. Siebel and M. Stech, pers. comm. 2019). It is therefore reinstated as a species. 217 The status of Fissidens bambergeri and Fissidens exiguus, treated here as synonyms of Fissidens viridulus, remains problematic. In a recent DNA study, it appeared that an incompletely limbate species of the Fissidens bryoides complex from the Netherlands was different from Fissidens viridulus (H. N. Siebel and M. Stech, pers. comm. 2019). However, several incompletely limbate species in this complex have been described. A morphological and molecular revision of these species is needed. 218 Dicranoloma menziesii, a native of Australia and New Zealand, has been recorded on tree ferns in southern Ireland (Holyoak and Lockhart 2009). 219 Although this sectional classification of Dicranum is retained for now, the findings of Lang et al. (2015) suggest that it will have to be revised. 220 Dicranum bardunovii was described from Siberia (Tubanova and Ignatova 2011) but later found in the European part of the Urals (E. Ignatova pers. comm. 2018). 221 Dicranum septentrionale was described from Russia by Tubanova et al. (2010). It has since been found in Scandinavia and Austria. JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 20 D. schljakovii Ignatova & Tubanova222 21 D. spadiceum J.E.Zetterst. section Elongata I.Hagen 22 D. elongatum Schleich. ex Schwägr. 23 D. fragilifolium Lindb. 24 D. groenlandicum Brid. 25 D. laevidens R.S.Williams section Crassinervia G.Roth 26 D. fulvum Hook. [Orthodicranum fulvum (Hook.) G.Roth ex Casares-Gil] 27 D. scottianum Turner [Dicranum canariense Hampe ex Müll.Hal., Orthodicranum scottianum (Turner) G.Roth ex Casares-Gil]223 28 D. viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. section Montana Hartm. 29 D. flagellare Hedw. [Orthodicranum flagellare (Hedw.) Loeske] 30 D. montanum Hedw. [Orthodicranum montanum (Hedw.) Loeske] 31 D. tauricum Sapjegin [Dicranum strictum Schleich. ex D.Mohr, hom. illeg., Orthodicranum tauricum (Sapjegin) Smirnova] 48 Paraleucobryum (Limpr.) Loeske 1 P. enerve (Thed.) Loeske 2 P. longifolium (Hedw.) Loeske 3 P. sauteri (Bruch & Schimp.) Loeske [Paraleucobryum longifolium var. sauteri (Bruch & Schimp.) C.E.O.Jensen] 52 Cynodontium Bruch & Schimp. 1 C. asperifolium (Lindb. ex Arnell) Paris 2 C. bruntonii (Sm.) Bruch & Schimp. 3 C. fallax Limpr. 4 C. gracilescens (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. 5 C. jenneri (Schimp.) Stirt. 6 C. polycarpon (Hedw.) Schimp. 7 C. strumiferum (Hedw.) Lindb. 8 C. suecicum (Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen) I.Hagen 9 C. tenellum (Schimp.) Limpr. 53 Dicranoweisia Milde 1 D. cirrata (Hedw.) Lindb. 54 Glyphomitrium Brid. 1 G. daviesii (Dicks.) Brid. 55 Kiaeria I.Hagen 1 K. blyttii (Bruch & Schimp.) Broth. 2 K. falcata (Hedw.) I.Hagen 3 K. glacialis (Berggr.) I.Hagen 4 K. riparia (H.Lindb.) M.F.V.Corley [Dicranella riparia (H.Lindb.) Mårtensson & Nyholm, Oncophorus riparius H.Lindb.] 5 K. starkei (F.Weber & D.Mohr) I.Hagen 56 Oncophorus (Brid.) Brid. 1 O. demetrii (Renauld & Cardot) Hedenäs224 2 O. dendrophilus Hedd. & Blockeel225 3 O. elongatus (I.Hagen) Hedenäs226 4 O. integerrimus Hedenäs [Oncophorus virens var. elongatus Limpr.]227 5 O. virens (Hedw.) Brid. 6 O. wahlenbergii Brid. [Oncophorus compactus (Bruch & Schimp.) Kindb., Oncophorus wahlenbergii var. compactus (Bruch & Schimp.) Braithw.]228 57 Oreas Brid. 1 O. martiana (Hoppe & Hornsch.) Brid. 58 Oreoweisia (Bruch & Schimp.) De Not. 1 O. torquescens (Hornsch. ex Brid.) Wijk & Margad. 59 Rhabdoweisia Bruch & Schimp. 1 R. crenulata (Mitt.) H.Jameson 2 R. crispata (Dicks.) Lindb. 3 R. fugax (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. Calymperaceae Kindb. 49 Calymperes Michx. 1 C. erosum Müll.Hal. Rhabdoweisiaceae Limpr. [Oncophoraceae M.Stech] 50 51 222 Arctoa Schimp. 1 A. anderssonii Wich. 2 A. fulvella (Dicks.) Bruch & Schimp. 3 A. hyperborea (Gunnerus ex Dicks.) Bruch & Schimp. Cnestrum I.Hagen 1 C. alpestre (Wahlenb. ex Huebener) Nyholm ex Mogensen 2 C. glaucescens (Lindb. & Arnell) Holmen ex Mogensen & Steere 3 C. schisti (F.Weber & D.Mohr) I.Hagen 35 Dicranum schljakovii was described from Russia by Ignatova, Tubanova, et al. (2015). Price et al. (2019) clarified the correct authorship of Dicranum scottianum. Recent molecular work suggests that Dicranum canariense should be considered a synonym of Dicranum scottianum (A. Vanderpoorten pers. comm. 2017). Morphological studies also support this conclusion (Price et al. 2019). 224 Oncophorus demetrii, a Scandinavian taxon, was recognised as a species by Hedenäs (2018), and has also been found in Arctic Russia. 225 Oncophorus dendrophilus was described by Hedderson and Blockeel (2006) and is so far known only from Crete and Cyprus. 226 The recognition of Oncophorus elongatus at species level was confirmed during a revision of Scandinavian Oncophorus by Hedenäs (2017a). It has also been found in Russia and France. 227 Oncophorus integerrimus was recognised at species level by Hedenäs (2017a). 228 Oncophorus compactus was synonymised with Oncophorus wahlenbergii by Hedenäs (2018). 223 36 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 9 D. zonatum (Brid.) Kindb. [Ditrichum zonatum var. scabrifolium Dixon] Schistostegaceae Schimp. 60 Schistostega D.Mohr 1 S. pennata (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr Bruchiaceae Schimp. 61 Bruchia Schwägr. 1 B. flexuosa (Schwägr.) Müll.Hal. 2 B. vogesiaca Nestl. ex Schwägr. 62 Trematodon Michx. 1 T. ambiguus (Hedw.) Hornsch. 2 T. brevicollis Hornsch. 3 T. laetevirens Hakelier & J.-P.Frahm 4 T. longicollis Michx. 5 T. perssoniorum P.Allorge & Thér. ex V.Allorge Ditrichaceae Limpr. 63 Ceratodon Brid. 1 C. amazonum Nieto-Lugilde, O.Werner, S.F.McDaniel & Ros229 2 C. conicus (Hampe) Lindb. [Ceratodon purpureus var. conicus (Hampe) Husn.]230 3 C. purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. a subsp. purpureus b subsp. stenocarpus (Bruch. & Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) Dixon231 64 Cheilothela Broth. 1 C. chloropus (Brid.) Broth. 65 Cleistocarpidium Ochyra & Bedn.-Ochyra 1 C. palustre (Bruch & Schimp.) Ochyra & Bedn.Ochyra [Pleuridium palustre (Bruch & Schimp.) Bruch & Schimp.] 66 229 Ditrichum Timm ex Hampe 1 D. cornubicum Paton 2 D. heteromallum (Hedw.) E.Britton 3 D. lineare (Sw.) Lindb. 4 D. pallidum (Hedw.) Hampe 5 D. plumbicola Crundw. 6 D. punctulatum Mitt. 7 D. pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe 8 D. subulatum Hampe 67 Pleuridium Rabenh. 1 P. acuminatum Lindb. 2 P. subulatum (Hedw.) Rabenh. 68 Pseudephemerum (Lindb.) I.Hagen 1 P. nitidum (Hedw.) Loeske 69 Rhamphidium Mitt. 1 R. purpuratum Mitt. 70 Trichodon Schimp. 1 T. cylindricus (Hedw.) Schimp. [Ditrichum cylindricum (Hedw.) Grout] Pottiaceae Schimp [Barbuloideae (Herzog) Hilp.]232 Merceyoideae Broth. 71 Scopelophila (Mitt.) Lindb. 1 S. cataractae (Mitt.) Broth. 2 S. ligulata (Spruce) Spruce Pottioideae Broth. 72 Acaulon Müll.Hal. 1 A. casasianum Brugués & H.A.Crum 2 A. dertosense Casas, Sérgio, Cros & Brugués 3 A. fontiquerianum Casas & Sérgio 4 A. mediterraneum Limpr. 5 A. muticum (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. 6 A. piligerum (De Not.) Limpr. 7 A. triquetrum (Spruce) Müll.Hal. 73 Aloina Kindb. 1 A. aloides (Koch ex Schultz) Kindb. 2 A. ambigua (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr.233 3 A. bifrons (De Not.) Delgad. 4 A. brevirostris (Hook. & Grev.) Kindb. 5 A. humilis M.T.Gallego, M.J.Cano & Ros 6 A. obliquifolia (Müll.Hal.) Broth.234 7 A. rigida (Hedw.) Limpr. 74 Barbula Hedw.235 1 B. unguiculata Hedw. Ceratodon amazonum was described from Spain by Nieto-Lugilde et al. (2018). Ceratodon conicus has been shown to have a hybrid origin (Nieto-Lugilde et al. 2018), with Ceratodon amazonum and Ceratodon purpureus as parent taxa, and was considered by them a nothospecies, Ceratodon x conicus. However, it has evidently been forming self-sustaining populations for some time, whereas Ceratodon amazonum is apparently a rare species confined to Spain, so it is here considered a true species of hybrid origin. 231 Nieto-Lugilde et al. (2018) presented molecular data suggesting that specimens corresponding to subsp. stenocarpus were not molecularly distinct from subsp. purpureus, but a formal synonymy was not made, and the two taxa are retained for the present. 232 Inoue and Tsubota (2016) used molecular techniques to confirm that there are four clades within the Pottiaceae, corresponding to the subfamilies Trichostomoideae, Pottioideae, Merceyoideae and Streblotrichoideae. Accordingly, the subfamily Barbuloideae (Herzog) Hilp. is no longer used. 233 Aloina ambigua is doubtfully separate from Aloina aloides. The differentiating characters are quantitative and overlapping. Molecular work is needed to elucidate further. 234 Although currently regarded as distinct, there is some evidence to suggest that Aloina obliquifolia may be conspecific with Aloina rigida (H. Siebel pers. comm. 2017). 235 Other European species of Barbula were moved to the reinstated genera Hydrogonium and Streblotrichum and the newly described genus Gymnobarbula by Kučera, Košnar, et al. (2013). 230 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 75 Bryoerythrophyllum P.C.Chen 1 B. alpigenum (Venturi) P.C.Chen 2 B. caledonicum D.G.Long 3 B. campylocarpum (Müll.Hal.) H.A.Crum 4 B. duellii Blockeel236 5 B. ferruginascens (Stirt.) Giacom. 6 B. inaequalifolium (Taylor) R.H.Zander 7 B. recurvirostrum (Hedw.) P.C.Chen 8 B. rubrum (Jur. ex Geh.) P.C.Chen 1 2 3 4 76 77 78 Chenia R.H.Zander237 1 C. leptophylla (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander [Leptophascum leptophyllum (Müll.Hal.) J.Guerra & M.J.Cano] 2 C. ruigtevleia Hedd. & R.H.Zander238 Cinclidotus P.Beauv. 1 C. aquaticus (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 2 C. danubicus Schiffn. & Baumgartner 3 C. fontinaloides (Hedw.) P.Beauv. 4 C. riparius (Host ex Brid.) Arn. [Cinclidotus confertus Lüth]239 5 C. vivesii Ederra Crossidium Jur. 1 C. aberrans Holz. & E.B.Bartram 2 C. crassinervium (De Not.) Jur. 3 C. davidai Catches. 4 C. geheebii (Broth.) Broth. 5 C. laevipilum Thér. & Trab.240 6 C. laxefilamentosum W.Frey & Kürschner241 7 C. squamiferum (Viv.) Jur. a var. pottioideum (De Not.) Mönk.242 b var. squamiferum 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 79 80 236 Dialytrichia (Schimp.) Limpr. 1 D. mucronata (Brid.) Broth. 2 D. saxicola (Lamy) M.J.Cano [Dialytrichia fragilifolia (Bizot & J.Roux) F.Lara]243 Didymodon Hedw. [Aithobryum R.H.Zander, Exobryum R.H.Zander, Fuscobryum R.H.Zander, 14 15 37 Geheebia Schimp., Trichostomopsis Cardot, Vinealobryum R.H.Zander]244 D. acutus (Brid.) K.Saito D. asperifolius (Mitt.) H.A.Crum, Steere & L.E.Anderson [Exobryum asperifolium (Mitt.) R.H.Zander] D. australasiae (Hook. & Grev.) R.H.Zander [Trichostomopsis australasiae (Hook. & Grev.) H.Rob.] D. bistratosus Hébr. & R.B.Pierrot [Aithobryum bistratosum (Hébr. & R.B.Pierrot) R.H.Zander] D. brachyphyllus (Sull.) R.H.Zander [Didymodon lamyanus (Schimp.) Thér., Vinealobryum brachyphyllum (Sull.) R.H. Zander]245 D. cordatus Jur. [Vinealobryum cordatum (Jur.) R.H.Zander] D. eckeliae R.H.Zander [Vinealobryum eckeliae (R.H.Zander) R.H.Zander]246 D. fallax (Hedw.) R.H.Zander [Geheebia fallax (Hedw.) R.H.Zander] D. ferrugineus (Schimp. ex Besch.) M.O.Hill [Geheebia ferruginea (Schimp. ex Besch.) R.H.Zander] D. giganteus (Funck) Jur. [Geheebia gigantea (Funck) Boulay] D. glaucus Ryan a subsp. glaucus b subsp. verbanus (W.E.Nicholson & Dixon) Jan Kučera [Didymodon verbanus (W.E. Nicholson & Dixon) Loeske]247 D. icmadophilus (Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) K.Saito D. insulanus (De Not.) M.O.Hill [Vinealobryum insulanum (De Not.) R.H.Zander] D. johansenii (R.S.Williams) H.A.Crum [Exobryum johansenii (R.S.Williams) R.H.Zander] D. luridus Hornsch. [Vinealobryum luridum (Hornsch.) R.H.Zander] Bryoerythrophyllum duellii was described by Blockeel et al. (2017), and is known from Greece, Crete and Cyprus. The treatment of Hedderson and Zander (2008) is followed for Chenia. Chenia ruigtevleia is a South African species (Hedderson and Zander 2008) recently identified from Spain (Ellis, Aleffi, et al. 2016). Further work is needed to confirm that the Spanish and South African material are actually conspecific. 239 Recent molecular work has shown Cinclidotus confertus to be identical with C. riparius (M. Lüth pers. comm. 2017). 240 Crossidium laevipilum is doubtfully morphologically separable from Crossidium crassinervium, but molecular data (Kučera et al. in prep.) confirms its identity. 241 Crossidium laxefilamentosum is doubtfully separable from Crossidium crassinervium. 242 Crossidium squamiferum var. pottioideum is doubtfully separable from var. squamiferum. 243 The combination Dialytrichia saxicola, which has priority over Dialytrichia fragilifolia, was made by Cano (2007). 244 The segregation of Aithobryum, Exobryum, Fuscobryum, Geheebia, Trichostomopsis and Vinealobryum, proposed by Zander (2013, 2019), is essentially unnecessary or unsupported by molecular phylogenetic analyses. 245 Jiménez (2006) revised the European species of Didymodon and synonymised Didymodon lamyanus with Didymodon brachyphyllus. 246 Didymodon eckeliae was reported new to Europe by Puche et al. (2006). European plants are morphologically similar to American ones, but preliminary molecular work by J. Kučera shows that they do not belong to the same lineages. The identity of the European plants therefore remains problematic. 247 Didymodon verbanus is a problematic taxon recorded in Europe from Switzerland, Austria, Italy and Germany. It is probably best recognised as a subspecies of Didymodon glaucus, so the new combination is proposed above. 237 238 38 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 81 248 D. maschalogenus (Renauld & Cardot) Broth. [Geheebia maschalogena (Ren. & Card.) R.H.Zander].248 D. maximus (Syed & Crundw.) M.O.Hill [Geheebia maxima (Syed & Crindw.) R.H.Zander] D. nicholsonii Culm. [Vinealobryum nicholsonii (Culm.) R.H.Zander] D. rigidulus Hedw. D. sinuosus (Mitt.) Delogne [Vinealobryum sinuosum (Mitt.) R.H.Zander] D. spadiceus (Mitt.) Limpr. [Geheebia spadicea (Mitt.) R.H.Zander] D. subandreaeoides (Kindb.) R.H.Zander [Fuscobryum subandreaeoides (Kindb.) R.H.Zander] D. tomaculosus (Blockeel) M.F.V.Corley D. tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa [Geheebia tophacea (Brid.) R.H.Zander]249 a subsp. erosus (J.A.Jiménez & J.Guerra) Jan Kučera [Didymodon erosus J.A.Jiménez & J.Guerra] b subsp. sicculus (M.J.Cano, Ros, GarcíaZam. & J.Guerra) Jan Kučera [Didymodon sicculus M.J.Cano, Ros, García-Zam. & J.Guerra] c subsp. tophaceus i. var. anatinus Hamm. ii. var. tophaceus D. umbrosus (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander [Trichostomopsis umbrosa (Müll.Hal.) H.Rob.] D. validus Limpr.250 D. vinealis (Brid.) R.H.Zander [Vinealobryum vineale (Brid.) R.H.Zander] Hennediella Paris 1 H. heimii (Hedw.) R.H.Zander [Desmatodon wilczekii Meyl., Tortula rhodonia R.H.Zander]251 a var. arctica (Lindb.) R.H.Zander252 b var. heimii 2 H. macrophylla (R.Br.bis) Paris 3 H. stanfordensis (Steere) Blockeel 82 Hilpertia R.H.Zander 1 H. velenovskyi (Schiffn.) R.H.Zander 83 Leptodontium (Müll.Hal.) Hampe 1 L. flexifolium (Dicks.) Hampe 2 L. gemmascens (Mitt.) Braithw. 3 L. proliferum Herzog253 4 L. styriacum (Jur.) Limpr.254 84 Microbryum Schimp. [Pottia Ehrh. ex Fürnr. p.p.] 1 M. curvicollum (Hedw.) R.H.Zander 2 M. davallianum (Sm.) R.H.Zander255 a var. commutatum (Limpr.) R.H.Zander [Pottia commutata Limpr.]256 b var. conicum (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) R.H.Zander [Pottia conica (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) Fürnr., Pottia starckeana subsp. conica (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) D.F.Chamb.] c var. davallianum 3 M. floerkeanum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. 4 M. fosbergii (E.B.Bartram) Ros, O.Werner & Rams 5 M. longipes (J.Guerra J.J.Martínez & Ros) R.H.Zander 6 M. rectum (With.) R.H.Zander 7 M. starckeanum (Hedw.) R.H.Zander [Pottia starckeana (Hedw.)] 8 M. vlassovii (Laz.) R.H.Zander [Phascum vlassovii Laz., Tortula vlassovii (Laz.) Ros & Herrnst.]257 85 Pseudocrossidium R.S.Williams258 1 P. hornschuchianum (Schultz) R.H.Zander 2 P. obtusulum (Lindb.) H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson 3 P. replicatum (Taylor) R.H.Zander 4 P. revolutum (Brid.) R.H.Zander Didymodon maschalogenus was reported new to Europe by Köckinger and van Melick (2007). The treatment of Didymodon tophaceus and its infraspecific classification, including the reduction of Didymodon erosus and Didymodon sicculus to subspecies, follows Kučera, Blockeel, et al. (2018). 250 Jiménez (2006) clarified the status of Didymodon validus, which was not listed by Hill et al. (2006). 251 Tortula rhodonia was synonymised with Hennediella heimii by Cano (2008). Tortula rhodonia is a replacement name for Desmatodon wilczekii, but all possible type specimens seem to have been lost. Therefore a neotypification of Desmatodon wilczekii is necessary in order to complete the synonymisation. 252 Hennediella heimii var. arctica probably has little or no value but is retained for the present. 253 Leptodontium proliferum is a Southern Hemisphere species that was reported from a single site in England by Porley and Edwards (2010). No further localities have been discovered, but plants with characters intermediate between this species and L. gemmascens have been found at another site in England (Blockeel 2017). The identity of the English material of Leptodontium proliferum requires further study. 254 Leptodontium styriacum has been synonymised with Leptodontium flexifolium (Ignatov, Bersanova, et al. 2005), but it appears that Leptodontium flexifolium has an Atlantic distribution, whereas Leptodontium styriacum has a continental one. Morphological differences between them are very small and further work is necessary to clarify the stiuation. 255 The variability of Microbryum davallianum has not been satisfactorily clarified. Ros et al. (1996) argued for the full synonymy of the earlier recognised varieties but no molecular data have been presented so far to support this view. In view of the mostly distinct morphologies and occasional mixed occurrences, as well as their geographical ranges, which do not fully overlap, they are retained at varietal rank pending final taxonomic clarification. 256 There are sufficient morphological differences to recognise Microbryum davallianum var. commutatum at varietal level, and the same applies to Microbryum davallianum var. conicum. 257 Microbryum vlassovii was included in Phascum by Hill et al. (2006) but placed in Tortula by Ros, Mazimpaka, et al. (2013). However, its reddish coloration with KOH suggests that it may be more correctly placed in Microbryum. 258 Preliminary molecular studies by J. Kučera suggest that what has been recognised as Pseudocrossidium obtusulum and also the European records of Pseudocrossidium replicatum may prove to be Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum, but until a revision is completed both species are retained. 249 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 86 Pterygoneurum Jur. 1 P. kozlovii Laz. 2 P. lamellatum (Lindb.) Jur. 3 P. ovatum (Hedw.) Dixon [Pterygoneurum compactum M.J.Cano, J.Guerra & Ros, Pterygoneurum crossidioides W.Frey, Herrnst. & Kürschner, Pterygoneurum squamosum Segarra & Kürschner]259 4 P. papillosum Oesau 5 P. sampaianum (Guim.) Guim. 6 P. subsessile (Brid.) Jur. 87 Stegonia Venturi 1 S. latifolia (Schwägr.) Venturi ex Broth. a var. latifolia b var. pilifera (Brid.) Broth.260 88 259 Syntrichia Brid. 1 S. bogotensis (Hampe) R.H.Zander 2 S. calcicola J.J.Amann 3 S. caninervis Mitt. a var. abranchesii (Luisier) R.H.Zander b var. astrakhanica Ignatov, Ignatova & Suragina c var. caninervis d var. gypsophila (J.J.Amann ex G.Roth) Ochyra 4 S. echinata (Schiffn.) Herrnst. & Ben-Sasson 5 S. fragilis (Taylor) Ochyra 6 S. handelii (Schiffn.) S.Agnew & Vondr. 7 S. laevipila Brid. [Syntrichia pagorum (Milde) J.J.Amann]261 8 S. latifolia (Bruch ex Hartm.) Huebener 9 S. minor (Bizot) M.T.Gallego, J.Guerra, M.J.Cano, Ros & Sánchez-Moya 10 S. montana Nees [Syntrichia intermedia Brid.] a var. calva (Durieu & Sagot ex Bruch & Schimp.) J.J.Amann b var. montana 11 S. norvegica F.Weber 12 S. papillosa (Wilson) Jur. 13 S. papillosissima (Copp.) Loeske 14 S. princeps (De Not.) Mitt. 15 S. rigescens (Broth. & Geh.) Ochyra 39 16 S. ruraliformis (Besch.) Mans. [Syntrichia ruralis var. ruraliformis (Besch.) Delogne]262 17 S. ruralis (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr [Syntrichia densa (Velen.) J.-P.Frahm, Syntrichia glabra J.-P.Frahm & M.T.Gallego]263 a var. epilosa (Venturi) J.J.Amann264 b var. ruralis 18 S. sinensis (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra 19 S. submontana (Broth.) Ochyra265 20 S. subpapillosissima (Bizot & R.B.Pierrot ex W.A.Kramer) M.T.Gallego & J.Guerra266 21 S. virescens (De Not.) Ochyra 89 Tortula Hedw. [Desmatodon Brid., Phascum Hedw., Pottia Ehrh. ex Fürnr. p.p., Protobryum (Dicks.) J.Guerra & M.J.Cano] 1 T. acaulon (With.) R.H.Zander [Phascum cuspidatum Hedw.]267 a var. acaulon [Phascum cuspidatum var. cuspidatum] b var. papillosa (Lindb.) R.H.Zander [Phascum cuspidatum var. papillosum (Lindb.) G.Roth] c var. pilifera (Hedw.) R.H.Zander [Phascum cuspidatum var. piliferum (Hedw.) Hook. & Taylor] d var. retortifolia (J.Guerra & Ros) R.H.Zander [Phascum cuspidatum var. retortifolium J.Guerra & Ros] e var. schreberiana (Dicks.) R.H.Zander [Phascum cuspidatum var. schreberianum (Dicks.) Brid.] 2 T. amplexa (Lesq.) Steere [Syntrichia amplexa (Lesq.) R.H.Zander] 3 T. ampliretis Crundw. & D.G.Long 4 T. atrovirens (Sm.) Lindb. 5 T. bogosica (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander [Desmatodon bogosicus Müll.Hal.] 6 T. bolanderi (Lesq. & James) M.Howe 7 T. brevissima Schiffn. 8 T. canescens Mont. 9 T. caucasica Broth. [Pottia intermedia (Turner) Fürnr., Tortula modica R.H.Zander]268 Synonymies of Pterygoneurum ovatum follow Guerra, Brugués, et al. (2006). However, this treatment is not yet supported by molecular data. Stegonia latifolia var. pilifera is reinstated because it appears to be a distinctive and stable taxon, albeit differing from the type in only a single character, the excurrent costa. 261 Syntrichia pagorum (Milde) J.J.Amann, listed as a synonym of Syntrichia laevipila by Hill et al. (2006), may prove to be a good species, but more work is needed (Afonina et al. 2014). 262 Molecular and morphological evidence suggest that Syntrichia ruraliformis should be regarded as a species (Hedenäs, Heinrichs, et al. 2019). 263 According to Frahm and Sabovljević (2006), Syntrichia glabra is a juvenile form of Syntrichia densa (Velen.) J.-P.Frahm. Syntrichia densa was synonymised with Syntrichia calcicola by Gallego et al. (2002), but Kramer (1980) synonymised Tortula densa with Tortula ruralis. The latter synonymy is followed here. 264 Syntrichia ruralis var. epilosa was resurrected by Gallego et al. (2018). It may represent a special phenotype within Syntrichia ruraliformis or Syntrichia ruralis but more study is required (Hedenäs et al. 2019). 265 Syntrichia submontana is essentially a central Asian species recorded from the Caucasus (Afonina et al. 2014). 266 Syntrichia subpapillosissima may represent a special phenotype within Syntrichia ruraliformis or Syntrichia ruralis but more study is required (Hedenäs, Heinrichs, et al. 2019). 267 We follow the treatment of Ros, Mazimpaka, et al. (2013) and refer the species included in Phascum by Hill et al. (2006) to Tortula. 268 Tortula modica was synonymised with Tortula caucasica by Ros, Muñoz, et al. (2008). 260 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 40 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 269 cernua (Huebener) Lindb. cuneifolia (Dicks.) Turner freibergii Dixon & Loeske guepinii (Bruch & Schimp.) Broth. [Desmatodon guepinii Bruch & Schimp.] T. hoppeana (Schultz) Ochyra [Desmatodon latifolius (Hedw.) Brid.] T. inermis (Brid.) Mont. T. israelis Bizot & F.Bilewsky [Tortula baetica (Casas & R.Oliva) J.Guerra & Ros] T. laureri (Schultz) Lindb. [Desmatodon laureri (Schultz) Bruch & Schimp.] T. leucostoma (R.Br.) Hook. & Grev. [Desmatodon leucostoma (R.Br.) Berggr.] T. lindbergii Broth. [Pottia lanceolata (Hedw.) Müll.Hal., Tortula lanceola R.H.Zander]269 T. lingulata Lindb. T. marginata (Bruch & Schimp.) Spruce [Desmatodon meridionalis Luisier] T. mucronifolia Schwägr. T. muralis Hedw. a subsp. muralis270 i. var. aestiva Hedw. ii. var. muralis b subsp. obtusifolia (Schwägr.) Culm. [Tortula obtusifolia (Schwägr.) Mathieu]271 T. pallida (Lindb.) R.H.Zander T. protobryoides R.H.Zander [Protobryum bryoides (Dicks.) J.Guerra & M.J.Cano]272 T. randii (Kenn.) R.H.Zander [Desmatodon randii (Kenn.) Laz.)] T. revolvens (Schimp.) G.Roth T. schimperi M.J.Cano, O.Werner & J.Guerra [Tortula subulata var. angustata (Schimp.) Limpr.] T. solmsii (Schimp.) Limpr. T. subulata Hedw. [Tortula subulata var. graeffii Warnst., Tortula subulata var. subinermis (Bruch & Schimp.) Wilson] T. systylia (Schimp.) Lindb. [Desmatodon systylius Schimp.] T. truncata (Hedw.) Mitt. 33 T. ucrainica (Laz.) R.H.Zander [Desmatodon ucrainicus Laz.] 34 T. vahliana (Schultz) Mont. 35 T. viridifolia (Mitt.) Blockeel & A.J.E.Sm. [Pottia crinita Bruch & Schimp.] 36 T. wilsonii (Hook.) R.H.Zander T. T. T. T. 90 Triquetrella Müll.Hal. 1 T. arapilensis Luisier Streblotrichoideae Y.Inoue & H.Tsubota273 91 Streblotrichum P.Beauv.274 1 S. convolutum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. [Barbula convoluta Hedw.] a var. commutatum (Jur.) J.J.Amann [Barbula convoluta var. sardoa Schimp., Streblotrichum commutatum (Jur.) Hilp.]275 b var. convolutum 2 S. enderesii (Garov.) Loeske [Barbula enderesii Garov.] Trichostomoideae Broth. 92 Anoectangium Schwägr. 1 A. aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt. 2 A. angustifolium Mitt.276 3 A. handelii Schiffn. 93 Aschisma Lindb. 1 A. carniolicum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Lindb. 2 A. cuynetii (Bizot & R.B.Pierrot) J.Guerra & M.J.Cano 94 Chionoloma Dixon [Paraleptodontium D.G.Long, Oxystegus (Limpr.) Hilp.]277 1 C. bombayense (Müll.Hal.) P.Sollman [Pseudosymblepharis bombayensis (Müll.Hal.) P.Sollman]278 2 C. cylindrotheca (Mitt.) M.Alonso, M.J.Cano & J.A.Jiménez [Chinoloma daldinianum (De Not.) M.Alonso, M.J.Cano & J.A. Jiménez, Oxystegus daldinianus (De Not.) Köckinger, O.Werner & Ros]279 3 C. hibernicum (Mitt.) M.Alonso, M.J.Cano & J.A.Jiménez [Oxystegus hibernicus (Mitt.) Hilp., Trichostomum hibernicum (Mitt.) Dixon] Tortula lanceola was synonymised with Tortula lindbergii by Ros, Muñoz, et al. (2008). The two varieties of Tortula muralis subsp. muralis intergrade but there is a certain level of distinctness, so this treatment follows Košnar and Kolář (2009). Košnar and Kolář (2009) reduced Tortula obtusifolia to a subspecies of Tortula muralis. 272 We follow the treatment of Ros, Mazimpaka, et al. (2013) for Tortula protobryoides. 273 The subfamily Streblotrichoideae was proposed by Inoue and Tsubota (2016). 274 Streblotrichum was re-established on molecular evidence by Kučera, Košnar, et al. (2013). 275 Streblotrichum convolutum var. commutatum is retained at varietal rank. Although it is not always morphologically distinct, molecular evidence clearly separates the two taxa (Kučera, Košnar, et al. 2013). 276 Unpublished molecular work by J. Kučera shows Anoectangium angustifolium to be distinct from Anoectangium aestivum. 277 While Oxystegus is a molecularly well-delimited group, retaining it leaves problems, notably in the delimitation of Pseudosymblepharis Broth. Therefore, we follow Alonso et al. (2016) in placing these species in Chionoloma. 278 Chionoloma bombayense, recorded in Europe from the Caucasus, is retained in the checklist for the present, following Ignatova, Kuznetsova, et al. (2012). However, Alonso et al. (2018) circumscribe Chionoloma bombayense in a much narrower sense, leaving many other plants in Chionoloma bombayense s.lat, including the Caucasus plant, without a name. 279 Originally described as Didymodon cylindricus var. daldinianus De Not., Chionoloma daldinianum was treated in various ways historically, including being omitted altogether by Hill et al. (2006); it was resurrected as a species with molecular support by Köckinger, Werner, et al. (2010), then brought into Chionoloma by Alonso et al. (2016). Later, Alonso et al. (2019) synonymised Chionoloma daldinianum with the more widespread Chionoloma cylindrotheca. 270 271 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 4 5 6 95 96 280 C. minus (Köckinger, O.Werner & Ros) M.Alonso, M.J.Cano & J.A.Jiménez [Oxystegus minor Köckinger, O.Werner & Ros]280 C. recurvifolium (Taylor) M.Alonso, M.J.Cano & J.A.Jiménez [Oxystegus recurvifolius (Taylor) R.H.Zander, Paraleptodontium recurvifolium (Taylor) D.G.Long, Trichostomum recurvifolium (Taylor) R.H.Zander] C. tenuirostre (Hook. & Taylor) M.Alonso, M.J.Cano & J.A.Jiménez [Oxystegus tenuirostris (Hook. & Taylor) A.J.E.Sm., Trichostomum tenuirostre (Hook. & Taylor) Lindb.] a var. holtii (Braithw.) M.Alonso, M.J.Cano & J.A.Jiménez [Oxystegus tenuirostris var. holtii (Braithw.) A.J.E.Sm.] b var. tenuirostre Ephemerum Hampe281 1 E. cohaerens (Hedw.) Hampe 2 E. crassinervium (Schwägr.) Hampe282 a subsp. rutheanum (Schimp.) Holyoak [Ephemerum hibernicum Holyoak & V.S.Bryan, Ephemerum rutheanum Schimp., Ephemerum serratum var. rutheanum (Schimp.) Jur.] b subsp. sessile (Bruch) Holyoak [Ephemerum sessile (Bruch) Müll.Hal.] 3 E. recurvifolium (Dicks.) Boulay 4 E. serratum (Hedw.) Hampe [Ephemerum minutissimum Lindb., Ephemerum serratum var. minutissimum (Lindb.) Grout]283 5 E. spinulosum Bruch & Schimp. ex Schimp. 6 E. stoloniferum (Hedw.) L.T.Ellis & M.J.Price [Ephemerum serratum auct., Ephemerum stellatum H.Philib.]284 Eucladium Bruch & Schimp. 41 1 E. verticillatum (With.) Bruch & Schimp. [Eucladium verticillatum var. angustifolium Lindb.]285 97 Gymnobarbula Jan Kučera286 1 G. bicolor (Bruch & Schimp.) Jan Kučera [Barbula bicolor (Bruch & Schimp.) Lindb.] 98 Gymnostomum Nees & Hornsch. 1 G. aeruginosum Sm. a var. aeruginosum b var. obscurum J.Guerra 2 G. calcareum Nees & Hornsch. [Gymnostomum calcareum var. lanceolatum Sérgio, Gymnostomum lanceolatum M.J.Cano, Ros & J.Guerra]287 a var. atlanticum Sérgio288 b var. calcareum 3 G. viridulum Brid. 99 Gyroweisia Schimp. 1 G. reflexa (Brid.) Schimp. 2 G. tenuis (Hedw.) Schimp. 100 Hydrogonium (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger289 1 H. amplexifolium (Mitt.) P.C.Chen [Barbula amplexifolia (Mitt.) A.Jaeger]290 2 H. bolleanum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger [Barbula bolleana (Müll.Hal.) Broth.] 3 H. consanguineum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Hilp. [Barbula consanguinea (Thwaites & Mitt.) A.Jaeger]291 a var. kurilense (Ignatova & Ignatov) Jan Kučera292 4 H. croceum (Brid.) Jan Kučera [Barbula crocea (Brid.) F.Weber & D.Mohr] Oxystegus minor was described as a new species by Köckinger, Werner, et al. (2010), then brought into Chionoloma by Alonso et al. (2016). However, significant doubts remain about its distinctiveness as a species: in north-western Europe it intergrades morphologically with Chionoloma hibernicum. All recent phylogenies (e.g. Werner, Ros, et al. 2005) agree in placing Ephemerum within the Trichostomoideae rather than its own family, however strange this may seem morphologically. 282 The treatment of Ephemerum crassinervium and related taxa follows Holyoak (2010). 283 As a consequence of lectotypification, Ephermerum minutissimum Lindb. was placed in synonymy with Ephemerum serratum (Hedw.) Hampe (Ellis and Price 2015) 284 Ephemerum stellatum was synonymised with Ephemerum serratum by Holyoak (2010). Subsequently, Ellis and Price (2015) lectotypified E. stoloniferum and showed that it was the correct name for the large-spored taxon previously treated under the name E. serratum. 285 Eucladium verticillatum var. angustifolium is regarded as nothing more than a form of the type. 286 Gymnobarbula was established as a new genus by Kučera, Košnar, et al. (2013). 287 Gymnostomum lanceolatum was reduced to a variety of Gymnostomum calcareum by Sérgio (2006). We treat it as a synonym, as it appears to be merely a form of that species. 288 Gymnostomum calcareum var. atlanticum was described by Sérgio (2006). On molecular evidence, it is a well-marked variety that may be sufficiently distinct to be elevated to specific status. 289 Hydrogonium was re-established on molecular evidence by Kučera, Košnar, et al. (2013). 290 Barbula amplexifolia was reported new to Europe by Köckinger and Kučera (2007) and transferred to Hydrogonium by Kučera, Košnar, et al. (2013). 291 Hydrogonium consanguineum was earlier reported from Europe as Barbula indica; Köckinger, Kučera, et al. (2012) proved that these reports belong to Barbula consanguinea, transferred to Hydrogonium by Kučera, Košnar, et al. (2013). 292 The European expression of Hydrogonium consanguineum is var. kurilense; var. consanguineum occurs in Asia; var. cancellatum (Müll.Hal.) Jan Kučera is a North American plant (Kučera, Košnar, et al. 2013). 281 42 101 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Hymenostylium Brid. [Ardeuma R.H.Zander & Hedd.]293 1 H. gracillimum (Nees & Hornsch.) Köckinger & Jan Kučera [Gymnostomum boreale Nyholm & Hedenäs]294 2 H. recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dixon [Gymnostomum recurvirostrum Hedw.] a var. insigne (Dixon) E.B.Bartram [Ardeuma annotinum (Mitt. ex Dixon) R.H. Zander & Brinda, Ardeuma insigne (Dixon) R.H.Zander & Hedd., Hymenostylium insigne (Dixon) Podp.] b var. recurvirostrum [Ardeuma recurvirostrum (Hedw.) R.H.Zander & Hedd.] 3 H. xerophilum Köckinger & Jan Kučera295 102 Hyophila Brid. 1 H. involuta (Hook.) A.Jaeger 103 Leptobarbula Schimp. 1 L. berica (De Not.) Schimp. 104 Molendoa (Müll.Hal.) Hampe 1 M. hornschuchiana (Hook.) Lindb. ex Limpr. [Anoectangium hornschuchianum (Hook.) Funck ex Hornsch., Anoectangium sendtnerianum Bruch & Schimp., Molendoa sendtneriana (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr., Molendoa tenuinervis Limpr.]296 2 M. schliephackei (Schlieph.) R.H.Zander [Anoectangium schliephackei (Schlieph.) Paris] 3 M. taeniatifolia Herzog [Anoectangium taeniatifolium (Herzog) M.O.Hill] 4 M. warburgii (Crundw. & M.O.Hill) R.H.Zander [Anoectangium warburgii (Limpr.) Paris] 105 Pottiopsis Blockeel & A.J.E.Sm. 1 P. caespitosa (Brid.) Blockeel & A.J.E.Sm. [Trichostomum pallidisetum H.Müll., Trichostomum triumphans De Not., 293 Weissia triumphans (De Not.) M.O.Hill, Weissia tyrrhena M.Fleisch.]297 106 Splachnobryum Müll.Hal. 1 S. obtusum (Brid.) Müll.Hal. 107 Tortella (Müll.Hal.) Limpr. [Pleurochaete Lindb.] 1 T. alpicola Dixon 2 T. x cuspidatissima (Cardot & Thér.) O.Werner, Köckinger & Ros 298 3 T. densa (Lorentz & Molendo) Crundw. & Nyholm [Tortella inclinata var. densa (Lorentz & Molendo) Limpr.] 4 T. fasciculata (Culm.) Culm. [Tortella bambergeri auct., non (Schimp.) Broth. p.p., Tortella tortuosa subsp. fasciculata Culm.]299 5 T. flavovirens (Bruch) Broth. [Tortella limosella (Stirt.) P.W.Richards & E.C.Wallace]300 a var. flavovirens b var. glareicola (T.A.Chr.) Crundw. & Nyholm c var. papillosissima Sérgio & Casas 6 T. fragilis (Drumm.) Limpr.301 7 T. humilis (Hedw.) Jenn. 8 T. inclinata (R.Hedw.) Limpr. 9 T. inflexa (Bruch) Broth. 10 T. limbata (Schiffn.) Geh. & Herzog 11 T. mediterranea Köckinger, Lüth, O.Werner & Ros302 12 T. nitida (Lindb.) Broth. 13 T. pseudofragilis (Thér.) Köckinger & Hedenäs [Tortella bambergeri auct., non (Schimp.) Broth. p.p., Tortella fragilis var. moravica Podp.]303 14 T. rigens Alberts. 15 T. spitsbergensis (Bizot & Thér.) O.Werner, Köckinger & Ros [Trichostomum arcticum Kaal.]304 16 T. squarrosa (Brid.) Limpr. [Pleurochaete squarrosa (Brid.) Lindb.]305 The transfer of most Hymenostylium species, including Hymenostylium recurvirostrum and its varieties, to Ardeuma (Zander and Hedderson 2016) is not supported according to molecular evidence (Kučera in prep.). 294 The position of Hymenostylium gracillimum and the synonymy of Gymnostomum boreale were clarified by Köckinger and Kučera (2011). 295 Hymenostylium xerophilum was described from Austria as a new species by Köckinger and Kučera (2011). It has since been found in Germany and Crimea. 296 Geissler (1985) proposed the synonymy of Molendoa sendtneriana and Molendoa tenuinervis with Molendoa hornschuchiana. This is followed here, as it is supported by preliminary molecular results by J. Kučera. 297 The position of Pottiopsis caespitosa and its synonymies were clarified by Ros and Werner (2007). However, Trichostomum/Weissia triumphans is a distinctive form, and continues to be recognised by many bryologists. 298 Werner, Köckinger, et al. (2014) used molecular techniques to show that Tortella x cuspidatissima was of hybrid origin, with Tortella arctica (Arnell) Crundw. & Nyholm and Tortella spitsbergensis as parents. Tortella arctica itself does not occur in Europe. The record of Tortella arctica from Jämtland in Sweden (Ellis, Akhoondi Darzikolaei, et al. 2011) proved, according to the molecular data, to be a form of Tortella tortuosa (Köckinger and Hedenäs 2017). 299 Tortella fasciculata was resurrected by Köckinger and Hedenäs (2017) as part of their revision of Tortella bambergeri. 300 Further studies on Tortella limosella are necessary to determine the final position of Tortella limosella within Tortella flavovirens. 301 The authorship of Tortella fragilis was discussed in Ochyra, Lewis Smith, et al. (2008). The name should correctly be ascribed to Drummond. 302 Tortella mediterranea was described from southern Europe by Köckinger, Lüth, et al. (2018). 303 The name Tortella pseudofragilis was introduced by Köckinger and Hedenäs (2017) as part of their revision of Tortella bambergeri. 304 The identity and relationships of Tortella spitsbergensis were clarified by Werner, Köckinger, et al. (2014) using molecular techniques. 305 We follow Ros, Mazimpaka, et al. (2013) in accepting Werner, Ros, et al. (2005) and Grundmann et al. (2006), who include Pleurochaete squarrosa within the genus Tortella. JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 17 T. tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. [Tortella bambergeri (Schimp.) Broth.]306 108 Trichostomum Bruch. 1 T. brachydontium Bruch 2 T. crispulum Bruch 109 Weissia Hedw. 1 W. angustifolia (Baumgartner) D.A.Callaghan [Weissia longifolia var. angustifolia (Baumgartner) Crundw. & Nyholm]307 2 W. brachycarpa (Nees & Hornsch.) Jur. 3 W. condensa (Voit) Lindb. a var. armata (Thér. & Trab.) M.J.Cano, Ros & J.Guerra b var. condensa 4 W. controversa Hedw. a var. controversa b var. crispata (Nees & Hornsch.) Nyholm c var. densifolia (Bruch & Schimp.) Wilson308 5 W. levieri (Limpr.) Kindb. 6 W. longifolia Mitt. 7 W. x mittenii (Bruch & Schimp.) Mitt. emend. A.J.E.Sm.309 8 W. perssonii Kindb. 9 W. rostellata (Brid.) Lindb. 10 W. rutilans (Hedw.) Lindb. 11 W. squarrosa (Nees & Hornsch.) Müll.Hal. 12 W. sterilis W.E.Nicholson 13 W. wilsonii D.A.Callaghan [Weissia multicapsularis auct.]310 14 W. wimmeriana (Sendtn.) Bruch & Schimp. Grimmiales M.Fleisch. Saelaniaceae Ignatov & Fedosov311 110 Saelania Lindb. 1 S. glaucescens (Hedw.) Broth. Seligeriaceae Schimp. 111 Blindia Bruch & Schimp. 1 B. acuta (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 2 B. caespiticia (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Müll.Hal. 306 43 112 Blindiadelphus (Lindb.) Fedosov & Ignatov [Seligeria Bruch & Schimp. subgenus Blindiadelphus Lindb.]312 1 B. campylopodus (Kindb.) Fedosov & Ignatov [Seligeria campylopoda Kindb.] 2 B. diversifolius (Lindb.) Fedosov & Ignatov [Seligeria diversifolia Lindb.] 3 B. polaris (Berggr.) Fedosov & Ignatov [Seligeria polaris Berggr.] 4 B. recurvatus (Hedw.) Fedosov & Ignatov [Seligeria recurvata (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp.] 5 B. subimmersus (Lindb.) Fedosov & Ignatov [Seligeria subimmersa Lindb.] 113 Seligeria Bruch & Schimp. subgenus Seligeria 1 S. acutifolia Lindb. 2 S. brevifolia (Lindb.) Lindb. 3 S. calcarea (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 4 S. calycina Mitt. ex Lindb. [Seligeria paucifolia auct. non (With.) Carruth.] 5 S. donniana (Sm.) Müll.Hal. [Seligeria galinae Mogensen & I.Goldberg]313 6 S. pusilla (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. subgenus Megalosporia Vitt [Trochobryum Breidl. & Beck] 7 S. austriaca T.Schauer 8 S. carniolica (Breidl. & Beck) Nyholm [Trochobryum carniolicum Breidl. & Beck] 9 S. irrigata (H.K.G.Paul) Ochyra & Gos 10 S. oelandica C.E.O.Jensen & Medelius 11 S. patula (Lindb.) I.Hagen [Seligeria alpestris T.Schauer, Seligeria patula var. alpestris (T.Schauer) Gos & Ochyra, Seligeria tristichoides var. patula (Lindb.) Broth.] 12 S. trifaria (Brid.) Lindb. a var. longifolia (Lindb. ex Broth.) Ochyra & Gos314 b var. trifaria 13 S. tristichoides Kindb. Ptychomitriaceae Schimp. 114 Brachydontium Fürnr.315 Using morphological and molecular methods, Köckinger and Hedenäs (2017) demonstrated that the type of Tortella bambergeri was synonymous with Tortella tortuosa. Plants recently treated as Tortella bambergeri are referable to Tortella fasciculata and Tortella pseudofragilis. Up to now, the acceptance of Tortella tortuosa var. fragilifolia (Jur.) Limpr. has been based on the treatment of Eckel (1998), but this concept is based on plants later referred to Tortella bambergeri (Eckel 2010). In general, the name ‘var. fragilifolia’ has been used for morphs of Tortella tortuosa with fragile leaves, and the variety is therefore not included in the checklist. 307 Weissia longifolia var. angustifolia was raised to species level by Callaghan et al. (2019) on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. 308 Weissia controversa var. densifolia is retained as a variety for now, but it is very doubtfully distinct from var. controversa, and significantly less so than var. crispata. 309 Smith (2004) was the first to propose that Weissia x mittenii was a hybrid, and this was accepted by Hill et al. (2006). The name was later typified by Callaghan (2019). 310 Weissia wilsonii was newly described by Callaghan et al. (2019) to replace the taxon which was named Weissia multicapsularis (Sm.) Mitt. by modern authors. The type of the latter refers to Tortula acaulon, into which plants of Weissia longifolia were admixed. 311 Molecular studies by Fedosov, Fedorova, Fedosov, et al. (2016) showed that Saelania is best placed in its own family within the Grimmiales. 312 Blindiadelphus was segregated from Seligeria on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence (Fedosov, Fedorova, Ignatova, et al. 2017). 313 Seligeria galinae was synonymised with Seligeria donniana by Fedosov, Fedorova, Ignatova, et al. (2017). 314 Seligeria trifaria var. longifolia was not mentioned in Hill et al. (2006) but is regarded as a distinct taxon in the central European mountains (Ochyra and Gos 1992). 315 Molecular evidence places Brachydontium in the Ptychomitriaceae (Fedosov et al. 2017a). 44 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 1 B. trichodes (F.Weber) Milde [Seligeria transylvanica Plam.] 115 Campylostelium Bruch & Schimp. 1 C. pitardii (Corb.) E.Maier [Grimmia pitardii Corb.] 2 C. saxicola (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Bruch & Schimp. 3 C. strictum Solms 116 Indusiella Broth. & Müll.Hall. 1 I. thianschanica Broth. & Müll.Hal. 117 Jaffueliobryum Thér. 1 J. latifolium Lindb. & Arnell ex Thér. 118 Ptychomitrium Fürnr. 1 P. incurvum (Schwägr.) Spruce 2 P. nigrescens (Kunze) Wijk & Margad. 3 P. polyphyllum (Dicks. ex Sw.) Bruch & Schimp. Grimmiaceae Arn. Racomitrioideae Ochyra & Bedn.-Ochyra 119 Racomitrium Brid.316 subgenus Racomitrium 1 R. lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid. subgenus Niphotrichum Bedn.-Ochyra [Niphotrichum (Bedn.-Ochyra) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] 2 R. canescens (Hedw.) Brid. [Niphotrichum canescens (Hedw.) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] a subsp. canescens b subsp. latifolium (C.E.O.Jensen) Frisvoll [Niphotrichum canescens subsp. latifolium (Frisvoll) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] 3 R. elongatum Ehrh. ex Frisvoll [Niphotrichum elongatum (Ehrh. ex Frisvoll) Bedn.Ochyra & Ochyra] 4 R. ericoides (Brid.) Brid. [Niphotrichum ericoides (Brid.) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] 5 R. panschii (Müll.Hal.) Kindb. [Niphotrichumpanschii (Müll.Hal.) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] subgenus Cataracta Vilh. [Codriophorus P.Beauv., Dilutineuron Bedn.-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek] 6 R. aciculare (Hedw.) Brid. [Codriophorus acicularis (Hedw.) P.Beauv.] 7 R. aquaticum (Brid. ex Schrad.) Brid. [Codriophorus aquaticus (Brid. ex Schrad.) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] 8 R. fasciculare (Hedw.) Brid. [Codriophorus fascicularis (Hedw.) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra, Dilutineuron fasciculare 316 (Hedw.) Bedn.-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek] 9 R. hespericum Sérgio, J.Muñoz & Ochyra [Codriophorus hespericus (Sérgio, J.Muñoz & Ochyra) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] subgenus Ellipticodryptodon (Vilh.) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra [Bucklandiella Roiv.] 10 R. affine (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Lindb. [Bucklandiella affinis (Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] 11 R. ellipticum (Turner) Bruch & Schimp. [Bucklandiella elliptica (Turner) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] 12 R. heterostichum (Hedw.) Brid. [Bucklandiella heterosticha (Hedw.) Bedn.Ochyra & Ochyra] 13 R. himalayanum (Mitt.) A.Jaeger [Bucklandiella himalayana (Mitt.) Bedn.Ochyra & Ochyra] 14 R. lamprocarpum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger [Bucklandiella lamprocarpa (Müll.Hal.) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] 15 R. lusitanicum Ochyra & Sérgio [Bucklandiella lusitanica (Ochyra & Sérgio) Bedn.Ochyra & Ochyra] 16 R. macounii Kindb. [Bucklandiella macounii (Kindb.) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] a subsp. alpinum (E.Lawton) Frisvoll [Bucklandiella macounii subsp. alpina (E.Lawton) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] b subsp. macounii 17 R. microcarpon (Hedw.) Brid. [Bucklandiella microcarpa (Hedw.) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] 18 R. nivale (Köckinger, Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra) Köckinger [Bucklandiella nivalis Köckinger, Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra]317 19 R. obtusum (Brid.) Brid. [Bucklandiella obtusa (Brid.) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] 20 R. sudeticum (Funck) Bruch & Schimp. [Bucklandiella sudetica (Funck) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra] Grimmioideae Broth. 120 Coscinodon Spreng. 1 C. cribrosus (Hedw.) Spruce [Grimmia cribrosa Hedw.] 2 C. horridus (Muñoz & H.Hespanhol) Hugonnot, R.D.Porley & Ignatov [Grimmia horrida Muñoz & H.Hespanhol]318 The treatment of Racomitrium follows Larraín et al. (2013), who used molecular evidence for a broad treatment of the genus. Sawicki et al. (2015) used mitochondrial DNA to support narrower genera. However, they used only ten species of Racomitrium s.lat. (two from each segregate genus), and the results did not contradict the previous treatment. Indeed, significant problems remain (e.g. Bucklandiella sensu Ochyra is not monophyletic) and until Racomitrium s.lat. is more completely treated, we prefer to retain Racomitrium in a broad sense. 317 Described as Bucklandiella nivalis by Köckinger, Bednarek-Ochyra, et al. (2007) but listed as Racomitrium nivale by Köckinger, Suanjak, et al. (2008). 318 Grimmia horrida was described by Muñoz et al. (2009), and transferred to Coscinodon by Hugonnot et al. (2018). JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 3 4 121 319 C. humilis Milde319 C. monchiquensis R.D.Porley, Ochyra & Ignatova320 Grimmia Hedw. [Dryptodon Brid., Guembelia Hampe, Hydrogrimmia (I.Hagen) Loeske, Orthogrimmia (Schimp.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec, Streptocolea (I.Hagen) Ochyra & Żarnowiec]321 1 G. alpestris (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schleich. [Orthogrimmia alpestris (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Ochyra & Żarnowiec] 2 G. anodon Bruch & Schimp. 3 G. anomala Hampe ex Schimp. 4 G. arenaria Hampe [Orthogrimmia arenaria (Hampe) Ochyra & Żarnowiec]322 5 G. atrata Miel. ex Hornsch. [Streptocolea atrata (Miel. ex Hornsch.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec] 6 G. caespiticia (Brid.) Jur. [Orthogrimmia caespiticia (Brid.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec] 7 G. capillata De Not.323 8 G. crinita Brid. 9 G. crinitoleucophaea Cardot [Grimmia poecilostoma Cardot & Sebille]324 10 G. curviseta Bouman325 11 G. decipiens (Schultz) Lindb. 12 G. dissimulata E.Maier 13 G. donniana Sm. [Orthogrimmia donniana (Sm.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec] 14 G. elatior Bruch ex Bals.-Criv. & De Not. 15 G. elongata Kaulf. 16 G. funalis (Schwägr.) Bruch & Schimp. 17 G. fuscolutea Hook. 18 G. hartmanii Schimp. 19 G. incurva Schwägr. 20 G. laevigata (Brid.) Brid. [Guembelia laevigata (Brid.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec] 21 G. lisae De Not. 45 22 G. longirostris Hook. [Guembelia longirostris (Hook.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec] 23 G. meridionalis (Müll.Hall.) E.Maier [Grimmia trichophylla var. meridionalis 326 Müll.Hall.] 24 G. mollis Bruch & Schimp. [Hydrogrimmia mollis (Bruch & Schimp.) Loeske] 25 G. montana Bruch & Schimp. [Orthogrimmia montana (Bruch & Schimp.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec] 26 G. muehlenbeckii Schimp. 27 G. nutans Bruch [Grimmia meteorae C.C.Towns.] 28 G. orbicularis Bruch ex Wilson [Dryptodon orbicularis (Bruch ex Wilson) Ochyra & Żarnowiec] 29 G. ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. [Guembelia ovalis (Hedw.) Müll.Hal.] 30 G. plagiopodia Hedw. 31 G. pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. 32 G. ramondii (Lam. & DC.) Margad. [Dryptodon patens (Hedw.) Brid., Grimmia curvata (Brid.) De Sloover] 33 G. reflexidens Müll.Hal. [Grimmia sessitana De Not., Orthogrimmia sessitana (De Not.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec]327 34 G. teretinervis Limpr. 35 G. tergestina Tomm. ex Bruch & Schimp. [Grimmia tergestina var. tergestinoides (Culm.) Podp., Guembelia tergestina (Tomm. ex Bruch & Schimp.) Buyss.]328 36 G. torquata Drumm. 37 G. trichophylla Grev. [Grimmia britannica A.J.E.Sm.] 38 G. triformis Carestia & De Not. [Orthogrimmia triformis (Carestia & De Not.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec]329 39 G. ungeri Jur.330 40 G. unicolor Hook. A molecular study by Ignatova, Kuznetsova, et al. (2008) showed that Coscinodon humilis is a European endemic known only from the Alps, whereas plants with this name in east Asia belong to Coscinodon yukonensis Hastings. Coscinodon monchiquensis was described from the Algarve, Portugal, by Ignatov, Porley, et al. (2018). 321 Although Ochyra, Żarnowiec, et al. (2003) presented a morphological scheme comprising seven distinct genera, based largely on the traditional subgenera of Grimmia, we choose to treat it in the broad sense. There is molecular support for the paraphyletic nature of Grimmia (Streiff 2006; Hernández-Maqueda et al. 2008), but there remain some significant incongruities between plastid and nuclear ITS and the morphological schemes. The evolutionary history of Grimmia is complex and further sampling and better phylogenetic markers are needed. 322 Grimmia arenaria was synonymised with Grimmia donniana by Maier (2010) but treated as a distinct species in Muñoz et al. (2015). Molecular investigations indicate that it should be accepted as a species (D. Callaghan, pers. comm. 2019). 323 Grimmia capillata was synonymised with G. crinita by Maier (2010) but this view has not gained acceptance, since molecular studies support it at specific level. It is recognised at species level in Muñoz et al. (2015). 324 Grimmia poecilostoma was synonymised with Grimmia crinitoleucophaea by Muñoz et al. (2015). However, the synonymy of G. crinitoleucophaea with Grimmia tergestina (Maier 2010) has not been widely accepted, on morphological grounds. 325 Grimmia curviseta was synonymised with G. orbicularis by Maier (2010) but this is disputed; Rodríguez-Romero et al. (2016) used DNA sequencing to conclude that it is an allopolyploid derivative with G. orbicularis as one of its progenitors. 326 Grimmia meridionalis was elevated to the rank of species by Maier (2002), but, unlike Grimmia dissimulata, not accepted by Hill et al. (2006). However, its status as a species has subsequently been supported by molecular evidence (Streiff 2006). 327 Taxonomic, nomenclatural and misidentification issues surround Grimmia reflexidens. The situation in Europe remains unresolved but we retain Grimmia reflexidens for the present. 328 Grimmia tergestina var. tergestinoides seems distinct in central Europe. More work is needed to determine its taxonomic value. 329 Grimmia triformis was synonymised with Grimmia donniana by Maier (2010) but differs in several respects, and was accepted as a species by Muñoz et al. (2015). 330 Grimmia ungeri was listed as a synonym of Grimmia montana by Maier (2010). Muñoz and Pando (2000) listed Grimmia ungeri from several countries, including Spain and Italy, but it was not included by Muñoz et al. (2015). Specimens from Mexico were redetermined as Grimmia montana 320 46 122 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Schistidium Bruch & Schimp. 1 S. abrupticostatum (Bryhn) Ignatova & H.H.Blom [Schistidium platyphyllum var. abrupticostatum (Bryhn) H.H.Blom]331 2 S. agassizii Sull. & Lesq. 3 S. andreaeopsis (Müll.Hal.) Laz.332 4 S. apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 5 S. atrichum (Müll.Hal. & Kindb.) 333 W.A.Weber 6 S. atrofuscum (Schimp.) Limpr. 7 S. boreale Poelt 8 S. brunnescens Limpr. a subsp. brunnescens b subsp. griseum (Nees & Hornsch.) H.H.Blom 9 S. bryhnii I.Hagen 10 S. canadense (Dupr.) Ignatova & H.H.Blom334 11 S. confertum (Funck) Bruch & Schimp. 12 S. confusum H.H.Blom 13 S. convergens J.Guerra & M.J.Cano335 14 S. crassipilum H.H.Blom 15 S. crenatum H.H.Blom 16 S. dupretii (Thér.) W.A.Weber 17 S. echinatum Ignatova & H.H.Blom336 18 S. elegantulum H.H.Blom a subsp. elegantulum b subsp. wilsonii H.H.Blom 19 S. flaccidum (De Not.) Ochyra 20 S. flexipile (Lindb. ex Broth.) G.Roth 21 S. frigidum H.H.Blom a var. frigidum b var. havaasii H.H.Blom 22 S. frisvollianum H.H.Blom 23 S. grande Poelt 24 S. grandirete H.H.Blom 25 S. helveticum (Schkuhr) Deguchi [Schistidium singarense (Schiffn.) Laz.] 26 S. holmenianum Steere & Brassard 27 S. lancifolium (Kindb.) H.H.Blom 28 S. marginale H.H.Blom, Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra337 29 S. maritimum (Sm. ex R.Scott) Bruch & Schimp. a subsp. maritimum b subsp. piliferum (I.Hagen) B.Bremer 30 S. obscurum H.H.Blom, Köckinger & Ignatova338 31 S. occidentale (E.Lawton) S.P.Churchill 32 S. papillosum Culm. 33 S. platyphyllum (Mitt.) H.Perss. 34 S. poeltii H.H.Blom 35 S. pruinosum (Wilson ex Schimp.) G.Roth 36 S. pulchrum H.H.Blom 37 S. recurvum H.H.Blom 38 S. rivulare (Brid.) Podp. 39 S. robustum (Nees & Hornsch.) H.H.Blom 40 S. scandicum H.H.Blom 41 S. sibiricum Ignatova & H.H.Blom339 42 S. sinensiapocarpum (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra340 43 S. sordidum I.Hagen 44 S. spinosum H.H.Blom & Lüth 45 S. strictum (Turner) Loeske ex Mårtensson 46 S. subconfertum (Broth.) Deguchi341 47 S. subflaccidum (Kindb.) H.H.Blom342 48 S. subjulaceum H.H.Blom 49 S. submuticum H.H.Blom a subsp. arcticum H.H.Blom b subsp. submuticum 50 S. succulentum Ignatova & H.H.Blom343 51 S. tenerum (J.E.Zetterst.) Nyholm 52 S. tenuinerve Ignatova & H.H.Blom344 53 S. trichodon (Brid.) Poelt a var. nutans H.H.Blom b var. trichodon 54 S. umbrosum (J.E.Zetterst.) H.H.Blom 55 S. venetum H.H.Blom Hedwigiales Ochyra Hedwigiaceae Schimp. 123 Braunia Bruch & Schimp. [Hedwigidium Bruch & Schimp.] (Delgadillo-Moya 2015). On the other hand, it differs from Grimmia montana in some respects (J. Muñoz, pers. comm. 2017). Although we retain it in the checklist for now, Grimmia ungeri is taxonomically dubious and may ultimately prove to be synonymous with Grimmia montana. Schistidium abrupticostatum is not very close to Schistidium platyphyllum according to molecular studies by Ignatova, Blom, et al. (2010). 332 Schistidium andreaeopsis is an Asian Arctic species recorded more recently from the European Arctic (Blom et al. 2006). 333 Schistidium atrichum is principally a North American species with occurrences in France reported by Chavoutier and Hugonnot (2013). 334 Schistidium canadense is a North American species with a single European record from Russia (Karelia) (Ignatova, Blom, et al. 2010). 335 Schistidium convergens was recently described as a new species from southern Spain and Morocco (Guerra, Jiménez-Martínez, Cano, Alonso, et al. 2019). 336 Schistidium echinatum was described from Russia by Ignatova, Blom, et al. (2010), and has also now been found in France and Austria. 337 Schistidium marginale was described from Austria by Blom et al. (2016), and has since been found in several montane regions in Europe. 338 Schistidium obscurum was described from Austria by Ignatova, Blom, et al. (2010). Elsewhere in Europe it has also been found in Switzerland, the Caucasus and Svalbard. 339 Schistidium sibiricum was described from Russia by Ignatova, Blom, et al. (2010). 340 Schistidium sinensiapocarpum was first reported in Europe from the Caucasus (Blom et al. 2006), and also occurs in the Austrian Alps (Köckinger, Suanjak, et al. 2008). 341 Schistidium subconfertum is primarily an Asian species. However, a herbarium specimen was recently discovered from the Italian Alps (Italy: Stilfserjochhöhe, 26 August 1909, Glowacki, GJO), and examined by H. Blom. This species is here published new to Europe. 342 Schistidium subflaccidum was reported from the Caucasus in Russia (Blom et al. 2006), and has subsequently been found in mountainous regions of other parts of Europe. 343 Schistidium succulentum was described from Russia by Ignatova, Blom, et al. (2010). 344 Schistidium tenuinerve was described from Asiatic Russia (Ignatova, Blom, et al. 2010), but was recently also recorded from European Russia (E. Ignatova pers. comm. 2018). 331 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 1 2 124 B. alopecura (Brid.) Limpr. B. imberbis (Sm.) N.Dalton & D.G.Long [Hedwigidium integrifolium auct., non (P.Beauv.) Dixon, Hedwigia integrifolia auct., non P.Beauv.]345 Hedwigia P.Beauv. 1 H. ciliata (Hedw.) P.Beauv. 2 H. emodica Hampe ex Müll.Hal. [Hedwigia ciliata var. leucophaea Bruch & Schimp.]346 3 H. mollis Ignatova, Ignatov & Fedosov347 4 H. nemoralis Ignatova, Ignatov & Fedosov348 5 H. stellata Hedenäs 6 H. striata (Bruch & Schimp.) John Whitehead & Fergusson ex Hobk. & Porritt349 Bartramiales D.Quandt, N.E.Bell & M.Stech Bartramiaceae Schwägr. Conostomoideae D.G.Griffin & W.R.Buck 125 Conostomum Sw. 1 C. tetragonum (Hedw.) Lindb. Bartramioideae D.G.Griffin & W.R.Buck 126 Anacolia Schimp. 1 A. menziesii (Turner) Paris 2 A. webbii (Mont.) Schimp. 127 345 Bartramia Hedw. section Bartramia 1 B. halleriana Hedw. 2 B. pomiformis Hedw. section Pyridium Müll.Hal. 3 B. breviseta Lindb. 4 B. ithyphylla Brid. 5 B. subulata Bruch & Schimp. section Strictidium Müll.Hal. 6 B. aprica Müll.Hal. [Bartramia rosamrosiae Damayanti, J.Muñoz, J.-P.Frahm & D.Quandt, Bartramia stricta auct. eur., non Brid.]350 7 B. laevisphaera (Taylor) Müll.Hal. [Anacolia laevisphaera (Taylor) Flowers]351 128 47 Plagiopus Brid. 1 P. oederianus (Sw.) H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson a var. alpinus (Schwägr.) Ochyra352 b var. oederianus Breutelioideae D.G.Griffin & W.R.Buck 129 Breutelia (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp. 1 B. azorica (Mitt.) Cardot 2 B. chrysocoma (Hedw.) Lindb. 130 Philonotis Brid. section Bartramidula (Bruch & Schimp.) Mitt. 1 P. cernua (Wilson) D.G.Griffin & W.R.Buck section Philonotula (Schimp.) A.Jaeger 2 P. rigida Brid. section Homomorphae (Kindb.) Ochyra 3 P. capillaris Lindb. [Philonotis arnellii Husn.]353 4 P. falcata (Hook.) Mitt.354 5 P. hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad. 6 P. marchica (Hedw.) Brid. 7 P. uncinata (Schwägr.) Brid. section Philonotis 8 P. caespitosa Jur. 9 P. calcarea (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp. 10 P. fontana (Hedw.) Brid. 11 P. seriata Mitt. 12 P. tomentella Molendo 13 P. yezoana Besch. & Cardot355 Splachnales Ochyra Splachnaceae Grev. & Arn. Taylorioideae Broth. 131 Tayloria Hook. 1 T. acuminata Hornsch. 2 T. froelichiana (Hedw.) Mitt. ex Broth. 3 T. hornschuchii (Grev. & Arn.) Broth. 4 T. lingulata (Dicks.) Lindb. 5 T. rudolphiana (Garov.) Bruch & Schimp. 6 T. serrata (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 7 T. splachnoides (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) Hook. 8 T. tenuis (Dicks.) Schimp. Dalton et al. (2012) found that European specimens identified as Hedwigidium integrifolium differed from the type material of Hedwigia integrifolia P.Beauv., and were considered to belong to Braunia imberbis. De Luna (2016) reported that Braunia imberbis, along with some other (non-European) species, group together in a different clade, Hedwigidium. Until further research is done on this group, the species is here retained in Braunia. 346 Hedenäs (1994) suggested that Hedwigia emodica was a synonym of Hedwigia ciliata var. leucophaea. Buchbender et al. (2014) later proved the hybrid origin of some accessions referable to this taxon. Ignatova, Kuznetsova, et al. (2016) recognised the taxon at species level, as Hedwigia emodica, but doubts persist that all European material is the same as the plants from Russia (or the Himalayan type of Hedwigia emodica). 347 Ignatova, Kuznetsova, et al. (2016) described Hedwigia mollis as part of their study of the genus in Russia. 348 Hedwigia nemoralis was described from Russia by Ignatova, Kuznetsova, et al. (2016). 349 Hedwigia striata was a neglected taxon returned to specific rank by Buchbender et al. (2014). 350 Damayanti et al. (2012) described Bartramia rosamrosiae for the European plants after finding that Bartramia stricta was restricted to South America. This was synonymised with Bartramia aprica by Müller (2014). However, recent (as yet unpublished) work by Neumann, Muñoz and Quandt suggests that Bartramia aprica and Bartramia rosamrosiae are indeed distinct species. 351 Molecular analysis revealed that Bartramia laevisphaera belongs to Bartramia section Strictidium rather than to Anacolia (Damayanti et al. 2012). 352 There is disagreement over the status of Plagiopus oederianus var. alpinus: it may be nothing more than a high-altitude form of the species, but is retained for the present. 353 Philonotis capillaris is the correct name for Philonotis arnellii (Koponen and Isoviita 2010). 354 Philonotis falcata is an Asian species reported from the Caucasus new to Europe by Ignatov, Fedosov, et al. (2010). 355 Philonotis yezoana is an Asian species reported from Finland new to Europe by Ulvinen and Kypärä (2016). 48 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Splachnoideae Broth. 132 Aplodon R.Br. 1 A. wormskioldii (Hornem.) R.Br. 133 Splachnum Hedw. 1 S. ampullaceum Hedw. 2 S. luteum Hedw. 3 S. melanocaulon (Wahlenb.) Schwägr. 4 S. pensylvanicum (Brid.) Grout ex H.A.Crum 5 S. rubrum Hedw. 6 S. sphaericum Hedw. 7 S. vasculosum Hedw. 134 Tetraplodon Bruch & Schimp. 1 T. angustatus (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 2 T. blyttii Frisvoll 3 T. mnioides (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 4 T. pallidus I.Hagen 5 T. paradoxus (R.Br.) I.Hagen 6 T. urceolatus (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. 135 Voitia Hornsch. 1 V. hyperborea Grev. & Arn. 2 V. nivalis Hornsch. Meesiaceae Schimp. 136 Amblyodon P.Beauv. 1 A. dealbatus (Hedw.) P.Beauv. 137 Leptobryum (Bruch & Schimp.) Wilson 1 L. pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson 138 Meesia Hedw 1 M. hexasticha (Funck) Bruch 2 M. longiseta Hedw. 3 M. triquetra (L. ex Jolycl.) Ångstr. 4 M. uliginosa Hedw. 139 Paludella Brid. 1 P. squarrosa (Hedw.) Brid. Bryales Limpr. Bryaceae Schwägr.356 356 140 Anomobryum Schimp. 1 A. apiculatum (Schwägr.) D.Bell & Holyoak [Bryum apiculatum Schwägr., Gemmabryum apiculatum (Schwägr.) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay, Osculatia apiculata (Schwägr.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra]357 2 A. concinnatum (Spruce) Lindb.358 3 A. julaceum (Schrad. ex P.Gaertn., E.Mey & Scherb.) Schimp. 4 A. lusitanicum (I.Hagen) Thér. 5 A. notarisii (Mitt.) D.Bell. & Holyoak [Brachymenium notarisii (Mitt.) A.J.Shaw]359 141 Brachymenium Schwägr. 1 B. paradoxum (Herzog) A.J.Shaw 142 Bryum Hedw. [Gemmabryum J.R.Spence & H.R.Ramsay, Osculatia De Not.]360 1 B. argenteum Hedw.* 2 B. bavaricum Warnst. [Anomobryum bavaricum (Warnst.) Holyoak & Köckinger]*361 3 B. blindii Bruch & Schimp. 4 B. canariense Brid. [Rosulabryum canariense (Brid.) Ochyra]362 5 B. caucasicum (Schimp. ex Broth.) C.J.Cox & Hedd.* 6 B. demaretianum Arts [Gemmabryum demaretianum (Arts) J.R.Spence, Osculatia demaretiana (Arts) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra] 7 B. dichotomum Hedw. [Bryum barnesii J.B.Wood ex Schimp., Gemmabryum barnesii (J.B.Wood ex Schimp.) J.R.Spence, Osculatia barnesii (J.B.Wood ex Schimp.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra, Osculatia bicolor (Dicks.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra, Gemmabryum dichotomum (Hedw.) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay, Osculatia dichotoma See note on Bryaceae in introduction. The only confirmed European record of Bryum apiculatum appears to be a specimen from Tenerife (leg. E. Bourgeon s.n., BM), which was reidentified by Ochi (1972). That specimen may nevertheless need critical reappraisal since Ochi did not record Bryum gemmiparum which is locally frequent on Tenerife, and there have been no subsequent reports of Bryum apiculatum occurring there. Holyoak (2009) and in Blockeel et al. (2014) identified plants from Cornwall as this species and two additional localities have since been found in the same county. However, data from DNA barcoding markers and preliminary analyses of a substantial genomic dataset place Cornish specimens (Holyoak 09-42 and 07-15) in Bryum s.str., close to Bryum dichotomum, differing markedly from a specimen of Bryum apiculatum from Puerto Rico (R.D. Worthington 35254). The Cornish plants thus represent an undescribed taxon allied to Bryum dichotomum, an account of which is in preparation. 358 Holyoak and Köckinger (2010) supported treatment of Anomobryum concinnatum as a distinct species from Anomobryum julaceum based on morphological characters. Data from DNA barcoding markers (D. Bell et al., in litt.) has subsequently shown that Anomobryum concinnatum and Anomobryum julaceum form separate clades. 359 Recent molecular work has shown that Brachymenium notarisii is closely related to Anomobryum lusitanicum, and is therefore probably best treated in that genus (D.Bell et al. in litt.). 360 Species with adequate molecular data confirming their position in Bryum s.str. are annotated with an asterisk (*). The remaining species lack sufficiently informative data, but there are now relatively few remaining ‘orphan’ species in Bryum, several more having been transferred to Ptychostomum or Imbribryum on the basis of very recent DNA evidence. 361 Holyoak and Köckinger (2010) placed Anomobryum bavaricum in Anomobryum on the basis of morphology, but molecular data places it in Bryum s.str. (D.Bell et al., in litt.). 362 Results from DNA barcoding and nuclear genomic datasets (D. Bell et al., in litt. ) show that Bryum canariense does not belong in Bryum s.str., but is part of a near-basal clade of Bryaceae allied to Brachymenium s.str. and Leptostomopsis. However, it is retained in Bryum here pending further investigation. 357 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 363 (Hedw.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.Ochyra]*363 B. dixonii Cardot ex W.E.Nicholson B. dyffrynense Holyoak* B. gemmiferum R.Wilczek & Demaret [Gemmabryum gemmiferum (R.Wilczek & Demaret) J.R.Spence, Osculatia gemmifera (R.Wilczek & Demaret) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra]* B. gemmilucens R.Wilczek & Demaret [Gemmabryum gemmilucens (R.Wilczek & Demaret) J.R.Spence, Osculatia gemmilucens (R.Wilczek & Demaret) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra]* B. gemmiparum De Not. [Imbribryum gemmiparum (De Not.) J.R.Spence]* B. kikuyense (Broth. & Thér.) N.Pedersen [Brachymenium philonotula Broth., Bryum philonotulum Hampe nom. inval., non Bryum philonotulum Müll.Hal.]*364 B. klinggraeffii Schimp. [Gemmabryum klinggraeffii (Schimp.) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay, Osculatia klinggraeffii (Schimp.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.Ochyra ]365 B. marratii Hook.f. & Wilson B. oblongum Lindb.366 B. radiculosum Brid. [Gemmabryum radiculosum (Brid.) J.R.Spence & H.P. Ramsay, Osculatia radiculosa (Brid.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra]* B. reyeri Breidl.367 B. riparium I.Hagen B. ruderale Crundw. & Nyholm [Gemmabryum ruderale (Crundw. & Nyholm) J.R.Spence, Osculatia ruderalis 21 22 23 24 143 49 (Crundw. & Nyholm) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra]* B. sauteri Bruch & Schimp. [Osculatia sauteri (Bruch & Schimp.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra] B. valparaisense Thér. [Gemmabryum valparaisense (Thér.) J.R.Spence, Osculatia valparaisense (Thér.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra] B. versicolor A.Braun ex Bruch & Schimp.368 B. violaceum Crundw. & Nyholm [Gemmabryum violaceum (Crundw. & Nyholm) J.R.Spence, Osculatia violacea (Crundw. & Nyholm) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra]* Imbribryum Pedersen369 1 I. alpinum (Huds. ex With.) N.Pedersen [Bryum alpinum Huds. ex With.] 2 I. mildeanum (Jur.) J.R.Spence [Bryum mildeanum Jur.] 3 I. miniatum (Lesq.) J.R.Spence [Bryum miniatum Lesq.]370 4 I. muehlenbeckii (Bruch & Schimp.) N.Pedersen [Bryum muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp.]371 5 I. subapiculatum (Hampe) D.Bell & Holyoak [Bryum subapiculatum Hampe, Gemmabryum subapiculatum (Hampe) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay, Osculatia subapiculata (Hampe) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra]372 6 I. tenuisetum (Limpr.) D.Bell & Holyoak [Bryum tenuisetum Limpr., Gemmabryum tenuisetum (Limpr.) J.R.Spence & H.P. Ramsay, Osculatia tenuiseta (Limpr.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.Ochyra]373 Bryum barnesii is usually regarded as a distinct species in Central Europe, but many plants and populations intermediate between Bryum barnesii and Bryum dichotomum occur (Holyoak 2003). Molecular data show that Brachymenium philonotula Broth. should be placed in Bryum rather than Brachymenium, but since the name Bryum philonotula Müll.Hal. (≡ Pohlia philonotula (Müll.Hal.) Broth.) had already been used, the valid name for the species becomes Bryum kikuyense (Pedersen and Hedenäs 2005). 365 According to molecular evidence from Holyoak and Pedersen (2007), Bryum klinggraeffii could possibly be placed in Imbribryum or its own genus, but is retained in Bryum for the present. 366 Preliminary molecular data suggest that Bryum oblongum may belong to Ptychostomum s. lat, but further study is needed to confirm this. 367 Bryum reyeri is only known from the eastern Italian Alps (type), Austria and Germany (Limpricht 1895; Grims 1999; Meinunger and Schröder 2007; Köckinger, Suanjak, et al. 2008). Provisional data from a nuclear DNA dataset (D. Bell et al., in litt.) imply it is part of a clade basal to the radiation of Ptychostomum, as circumscribed here. 368 Bryum versicolor was included as a synonym of Bryum dichotomum by Hill et al. (2006) but this is a widely recognised taxon, so it is reinstated pending further studies. 369 Imbribryum was recognised at generic level by Holyoak and Pedersen (2007), and new molecular data from a substantial nuclear genomic dataset supports this view (D. Bell et al., in litt.). 370 Imbribryum miniatum is placed in Imbribryum based on molecular data from specimens from both the Faeroes and the U.S.A. 371 Holyoak (in Hill et al. 2006) synonymised Bryum muehlenbeckii with Bryum alpinum because it appeared to be only a form resulting from growth underwater or beneath snow, and there are numerous intermediate specimens. However, DNA sequence data for Imbribryum muehlenbeckii from three exemplars from different localities define a single clade that is well separated from Imbribryum alpinum. Hence, they are regarded here as separate species in which occasional apparent morphological intergradation is due to the occurrence of phenotypes (‘expressions’) that match the appearance of the other taxon. Additional molecular data suggest that it may be better treated in Ptychostomum, but further work is needed before this can be confirmed. 372 DNA barcode data show Bryum subapiculatum strongly supported in a clade with Imbribryum alpinum (D. Bell et al., in litt.), and it is therefore transferred to Imbribryum. 373 Along with Bryum subapiculatum, DNA barcoding places Bryum tenuisetum in a clade with Imbribryum alpinum (D. Bell et al., in litt.), so it is here transferred to Imbribryum. 364 50 144 374 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Ptychostomum Hornsch. [Plagiobryoides J.R.Spence, Plagiobryum Lindb., Rosulabryum J.R.Spence]374 1 P. arcticum (R.Br.) J.R.Spence ex Holyoak & N.Pedersen [Bryum arcticum (R.Br.) Bruch & Schimp.] 2 P. austriacum (Köckinger, Holyoak & Suanjak) D.Bell & Holyoak [Bryum austriacum Köckinger, Holyoak & Suanjak]375 3 P. bornholmense (Wink. & R.Ruthe) Holyoak & N.Pedersen [Bryum bornholmense Wink. & R.Ruthe, Osculatia bornholmensis (Wink. & R.Ruthe) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra, Rosulabryum bornholmense (Wink. & Ruthe) J.R.Spence] 4 P. calophyllum (R.Br.) J.R.Spence [Bryum calophyllum R.Br.]376 5 P. capillare (Hedw.) Holyoak & N.Pedersen [Rosulabryum capillare (Hedw.) J.R.Spence, Bryum capillare Hedw.] 6 P. cellulare (Hook.) D.Bell & Holyoak [Bryum cellulare Hook., Plagiobryoides cellularis (Hook.) J.R.Spence] 7 P. cernuum (Hedw.) Hornsch. [Bryum uliginosum (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp.] 8 P. compactum Hornsch. [Bryum algovicum Sendtn. ex Müll.Hal., Bryum compactum (Hornsch.) Kindb.] a var. compactum b var. rutheanum (Warnst.) Holyoak & N.Pedersen [Bryum algovicum var. rutheanum (Warnst.) Crundw.] 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 P. creberrimum (Taylor) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay [Bryum creberrimum Taylor] P. cryophilum (Mårtensson) J.R.Spence [Bryum cryophilum Mårtensson]377 P. cyclophyllum (Schwägr.) J.R.Spence [Bryum cyclophyllum (Schwägr.) Bruch & Schimp.] P. demissum (Hook.) Holyoak & N.Pedersen [Plagiobryum demissum (Hook.) Lindb.] P. donianum (Grev.) Holyoak & N.Pedersen [Bryum donianum Grev., Rosulabryum donianum (Grev.) Ochyra] P. elegans (Nees) D.Bell & Holyoak [Bryum elegans Nees, Rosulabryum elegans (Nees) Ochyra]378 P. funkii (Schwägr.) J.R.Spence [Bryum funkii Schwägr.]379 P. imbricatulum (Müll.Hal.) Holyoak & N.Pedersen [Bryum caespiticium Hedw., Gemmabryum caespiticium (Hedw.) J.R.Spence, Osculatia caespiticia (Hedw.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra] P. inclinatum (Sw. ex Brid.) J.R.Spence [Bryum archangelicum Bruch & Schimp., Ptychostomum archangelicum (Bruch & Schimp.) J.R.Spence]380 P. intermedium (Brid.) J.R.Spence [Bryum intermedium (Brid.) Blandow]381 P. knowltonii (Barnes) J.R.Spence [Bryum knowltonii Barnes]382 P. kunzei (Hornsch.) J.R. Spence [Bryum kunzei Hornsch., Gemmabryum kunzei (Hornsch.) J.R.Spence, Ptychostomum was recognised at generic level by Holyoak and Pedersen (2007). There are no molecular data on the type species of Rosulabryum, which is Rosulabryum albolimbatum (Hampe) J.R.Spence from Australia. Recent analyses of a nuclear genomic dataset including the rather similar Rosulabryum billardierei (Schwägr.) J.R.Spence from the Southern Hemisphere (type from Tasmania), based on a specimen from Ecuador, imply that it forms part of Brachymenium s.str. Hence, further study is desirable before placing European and N. American species in Rosulabryum. 375 Bryum austriacum was described from the Alps by Köckinger, Holyoak, et al. (2013). DNA barcode data places it in Ptychostomum (D. Bell et al., in litt.). 376 Results from DNA barcoding (D. Bell et al. in litt.) show that Bryum calophyllum belongs in Ptychostomum. 377 DNA barcoding results place Bryum cryophilum in Ptychostomum (D. Bell et al., in litt.). 378 Morphological similarities have led authors of numerous floras (e.g. Schimper 1876; Smith 2004; Spence 2014) to place Bryum elegans close alongside Bryum capillare. Caution induced by lack of molecular data on elegans nevertheless prevented Holyoak and Pedersen (2007) transferring the species to Ptychostomum alongside Ptychostomum capillare, and its treatment in Bryum was followed by Ros, Mazimpaka, et al. (2013) and Hodgetts (2015). However, the molecular-phylogenetic study by Guerra, Jiménez-Martínez, Cano, Jiménez-Fernández, (2011) revealed Bryum elegans as closer to Bryum pallescens (i.e. Ptychostomum pallescens) than other Bryaceae they analysed, justifying the new combination that is made here. Newly generated nuclear genomic data also place elegans as part of Ptychostomum s.lat., but outside the (sub-)clade containing P. capillare. Spence (2014) has treated both species within the genus Rosulabryum, but Pedersen et al. (2003) and Shaw (2014) noted that species previously attributed by Spence to Rosulabryum were placed in two different clades in a phylogenetic tree based on molecular data. For this reason and because of continuing doubts about the affinities of the type species Rosulabryum albolimbatum, Rosulabryum is treated here as a synonym of the more widely inclusive genus Ptychostomum. 379 Results from DNA barcoding (D. Bell et al., in litt.) show that Bryum funkii belongs in Ptychostomum. The spelling ‘funkii’ was used in Index Muscorum, but it was changed to ‘funckii’ because it commemorates Heinrich Christian Funck (1771-1839). Although at first sight this appears to be correction of an orthographical error (under ICBN Art. 60.1) and congruent with the orthography of Marsupella funckii and Funckia named in honour of the same botanist, Funk or Funck himself used both spellings of his name (biographer E. Hertel, pers. comm. to H. Köckinger), so there is no need to change established usage. 380 Ochyra, Lewis Smith, et al. (2008) pointed out that ”the epithet inclinatum is still available for Ptychostomum imbricatum when it is considered a member of Ptychostomum”. Since Pohlia inclinata Sw. ex Brid. 1803 is the oldest legitimate name available for the species it must therefore be adopted when the species is transferred to Ptychostomum, whereas its usage in Bryum was blocked by the later homonym Bryum inclinatum (Hedw.) Dicks. of 1801 (now Distichium inclinatum). Spence (2005) used the epithet inclinatum under Ptychostomum, but this new combination was invalid since the basionym was incorrectly cited (contrary to ICBN Art. 33.4). Hence, it was not until publication of Spence (2014) that Ptychostomum inclinatum (Sw. ex Brid.) J.R.Spence was validated in accordance with ICBN Art. 33.4 and Art. 45.1. 381 The placing of Bryum intermedium in Ptychostomum is supported by sequence data from DNA barcoding markers (D. Bell et al., in litt.). 382 The placing of Bryum knowltonii in Ptychostomum is supported by sequence data from DNA barcoding markers (D. Bell et al., in litt.). JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 383 Osculatia kunzei (Hornsch.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra]383 P. longisetum (Blandow ex Schwägr.) J.R.Spence [Bryum longisetum Blandow ex Schwägr.] P. minii (Podp. ex Guim.) D.Bell & Holyoak [Bryum minii Podp. ex Guim.] P. moravicum (Podp.) Ros & Mazimpaka [Bryum moravicum Podp., Rosulabryum laevifilum (Syed) Ochyra] P. pallens (Sw. ex anon.) J.R.Spence [Bryum pallens Sw. ex anon., Bryum sibiricum Lindb. & Arnell]384 P. pallescens (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) J.R.Spence [Bryum pallescens Schleich. ex Schwägr., Ptychostomum boreale (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Ochyra & Bedn.-Ochyra]385 P. pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay ex Holyoak & N.Pedersen [Bryum neodamense Itzigs., Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) P.Gaertn. B.Mey. & Scherb. Ptychostomum neodamense (Itzigs.) J.R.Spence]386 a var. bimum (Schreb.) Holyoak & N.Pedersen [Bryum pseudotriquetrum var. bimum (Schreb.) Lilj.] b var. pseudotriquetrum P. rubens (Mitt.) Holyoak & N.Pedersen [Bryum rubens Mitt., Osculatia rubens (Mitt.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra, Rosulabryum rubens (Mitt.) J.R.Spence] P. salinum (I.Hagen ex Limpr.) J.R.Spence [Bryum salinum I.Hagen ex Limpr.]387 51 29 P. schleicheri (DC.) J.R.Spence ex D.Bell & Holyoak [Bryum schleicheri DC.]388 a var. latifolium (Schwägr.) D.Bell & Holyoak [Bryum schleicheri var. latifolium (Schwägr.) Schimp.] b var. schleicheri 30 P. torquescens (Bruch & Schimp.) Ros & Mazimpaka [Bryum torquescens Bruch & Schimp., Rosulabryum torquescens (Bruch & Schimp.) J.R.Spence] 31 P. turbinatum (Hedw.) J.R.Spence [Bryum turbinatum (Hedw.) Turner]389 32 P. warneum (Röhl.) J.R.Spence [Bryum warneum (Röhl.) Brid.]390 33 P. weigelii (Biehler) J.R.Spence [Bryum weigelii Biehler]391 34 P. wrightii (Sull. & Lesq.) J.R.Spence [Bryum wrightii Sull. & Lesq.]392 35 P. zieri (Hedw.) Holyoak & N.Pedersen [Plagiobryum zieri (Hedw.) Lindb.] 145 Rhodobryum (Schimp.) Limpr. 1 R. ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. 2 R. roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. Mniaceae Schwägr. Mielichhoferioideae M.Stech & W.Frey 146 Mielichhoferia Nees & Hornsch. 1 M. elongata (Hoppe & Hornsch. ex Hook.) Hornsch. 2 M. mielichhoferiana (Funck) Loeske DNA barcoding results suggest that Bryum kunzei should be transferred to Ptychostomum (D. Bell et al., in litt.). Zolotov (2007a) regarded Bryum sibiricum as possibly ”a good, but very rare species”, with the comment that ”it is rather contrastingly different from B. pallens which is relatively little variable in gametophytic characters”, all this on the basis of study of a single specimen placed as Bryum sibiricum from Yakutia because it matched the original description well. Zolotov (2007b) noted it as close Bryum pallens, but ”differs … [in the] very narrow leaves”. Zolotov made no mention though of the great variability of Ptychostomum pallens revealed in the extensive illustrated monograph of the species by Podpěra (1973), which included the new combination Bryum pallens subsp. sibiricum (Lindb. & Arnell) Podp. (p. 195), redescribed in detail. Other forms of Bryum pallens with long narrow leaves and excurrent costa were figured and described in Podpěra’s work, including subsp. prosboreum Podp. (from arctic Sweden), subsp. acutiusculum Podp. (Alaska) and forma gracile Podp. (Bohemia), as well as other infraspecific taxa intermediate between these and normal Ptychostomum pallens. 385 Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra (2011) demonstrated that Hypnum boreale F.Weber & D.Mohr, 1807, and the subsequent combination Bryum boreale (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Funck, 1808, are older names for Ptychostomum pallescens than Bryum pallescens Schwägr., 1816. Ochyra and Bednarek-Ochyra (2015) published a proposal to maintain established usage of the name Bryum pallescens in preference to the unfamiliar and largely forgotten name Bryum boreale and this desirable initiative is supported here. The combination Ptychostomum boreale (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra, 2011 was valid, and adopted as correct by Ros, Mazimpaka, et al. (2013) and Hodgetts (2015). However, pending the response to the proposal by Ochyra and Bednarek-Ochyra (2015), the established usage should be maintained for Ptychostomum pallescens. 386 Ptychostomum neodamense has been shown by Holyoak and Hedenäs (2006), from molecular and other data, to represent an inconstant phenotype of Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum occurring locally in highly calcareous habitats prone to inundation, and connected to it by intermediate forms known widely in Europe and also in Asia, Alaska and Greenland. Its retention at species rank by Spence (2014) is a consequence of an over-emphasis on morphological data. 387 Bryum salinum is very close to Ptychostomum inclinatum (Holyoak and Pedersen 2007), and this is supported by sequence data from DNA barcoding markers (D. Bell et al. in litt.). 388 DNA barcoding results and data from a nuclear genomic dataset show that Bryum schleicheri is better placed in Ptychostomum (D. Bell et al., in litt.). However, relationships between the two varieties remain uncertain, as the two datasets are not directly comparable, and a study is needed to clarify the position of Ptychostomum schleicheri var. latifolium. As a large, swollen plant with concave leaves, it is the plant that is understood as Ptychostomum schleicheri in many parts of Europe; var. schleicheri is less well known, sometimes because it is misidentified as Ptychostomum turbinatum. 389 Spence’s placement of Bryum turbinatum in Ptychostomum is supported by molecular evidence (D. Bell et al., in litt.). 390 Spence’s placement of Bryum warneum in Ptychostomum is supported by molecular evidence (D. Bell et al., in litt.). 391 Ptychostomum weigelii has been considered an invalid combination since Spence (2005) cited Sprengel (1807, July) as the author of the basionym name Bryum weigelii, when the name was in fact published validly by Biehler (1807, May) a couple of months earlier. However, since Spence simply cited the wrong publication, and did not omit any clear reference to the basionym, this is a correctable error (cf. ICBN Art. 41.8(a); Turland et al. 2018). 392 Bryum wrightii was placed in Ptychostomum by Holyoak and Pedersen (2007), following Pedersen et al. (2003). 384 52 147 148 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Pohlia Hedw. 1 P. andalusica (Höhn.) Broth. 2 P. andrewsii A.J.Shaw 3 P. annotina (Hedw.) Lindb. 4 P. atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) H.Lindb. 5 P. beringiensis A.J.Shaw393 6 P. bolanderi (Lesq.) Broth. 7 P. bulbifera (Warnst.) Warnst. 8 P. camptotrachela (Renauld & Cardot) Broth. 9 P. cruda (Hedw.) Lindb. 10 P. crudoides (Sull. & Lesq.) Broth. 11 P. drummondii (Müll.Hal.) A.L.Andrews 12 P. elongata Hedw. a var. acuminata (Hornsch.) Huebener b var. elongata c var. greenii (Brid.) A.J.Shaw 13 P. erecta Lindb. 14 P. filum (Schimp.) Mårtensson 15 P. flexuosa Harv. a var. flexuosa b var. pseudomuyldermansii (Arts, Nordhorn-Richter & A.J.E.Sm.) A.J.E.Sm. 16 P. lescuriana (Sull.) Ochi 17 P. longicolla (Hedw.) Lindb. 18 P. ludwigii (Spreng. ex Schwägr.) Broth. 19 P. lutescens (Limpr.) H.Lindb. 20 P. melanodon (Brid.) A.J.Shaw 21 P. nutans (Hedw.) Lindb. a subsp. nutans b subsp. schimperi (Müll.Hal.) Nyholm 22 P. obtusifolia (Vill. ex Brid.) L.F.Koch 23 P. proligera (Kindb.) Lindb. ex Broth. 24 P. scotica Crundw. 25 P. sphagnicola (Bruch & Schimp.) Broth. 26 P. tundrae A.J.Shaw 27 P. vexans (Limpr.) H.Lindb. 28 P. wahlenbergii (F.Weber & D.Mohr) A.L.Andrews a var. calcarea (Warnst.) E.F.Warb. b var. glacialis (Brid.) E.F.Warb. c var. wahlenbergii Schizymenium Harv. 1 S. pontevedrense (Luisier) Sérgio Casas, Cros & Brugués Mnioideae L.Söderstr. & N.G.Hodgetts394 149 Cinclidium Sw. 1 C. arcticum (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp. 2 C. latifolium Lindb. 3 C. minutifolium Broth.395 393 4 C. stygium Sw. 5 C. subrotundum Lindb. 150 Cyrtomnium Holmen 1 C. hymenophylloides (Huebener) T.J.Kop. 2 C. hymenophyllum (Bruch & Schimp.) Holmen 151 Epipterygium Lindb. 1 E. tozeri (Grev.) Lindb. 152 Mnium Hedw. 1 M. blyttii Bruch & Schimp. 2 M. heterophyllum (Hook.) Schwägr. 3 M. hornum Hedw. 4 M. lycopodioides Schwägr. 5 M. marginatum (Dicks.) P.Beauv. a var. dioicum (H.Müll.) Crundw. b var. marginatum 6 M. spinosum (Voit) Schwägr. 7 M. spinulosum Bruch & Schimp. 8 M. stellare Hedw. 9 M. thomsonii Schimp. 153 Plagiomnium T.J.Kop. [Orthomnion Wils.]396 section Plagiomnium 1 P. affine (Blandow ex Funck) T.J.Kop. [Orthomnion affine (Blandow ex Funck) T.J.Kop. & Yu Sun] 2 P. curvatulum (Lindb.) Schljakov [Orthomnion curvatulum (Lindb.) T.J.Kop. & Yu Sun] 3 P. cuspidatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. [Orthomnion cuspidatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. & Yu Sun] 4 P. drummondii (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. [Orthomnion drummondii (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. & Yu Sun] 5 P. elatum (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. [Orthomnion elatum (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. & Yu Sun] 6 P. ellipticum (Brid.) T.J.Kop. [Orthomnion ellipticum (Brid.) T.J.Kop. & Yu Sun] 7 P. medium (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. [Orthomnion medium (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. & Yu Sun] section Undulata (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. 8 P. confertidens (Lindb. & Arnell) T.J.Kop. [Orthomnion confertidens (Lindb. & Arnell) T.J.Kop. & Yu Sun] Pohlia beringiensis was reported from Arctic Russia new to Europe by Ignatov, Afonina and Ignatova (2006). The subfamily Mnioideae is in general usage but until now it never seems to have been validly published. Cinclidium minutifolium was reported from Arctic Russia new to Europe by Koponen and Ignatova (2018). 396 The species of Plagiomnium were transferred to Orthomnion by Koponen and Sun (2017), but there is currently a proposal to conserve the name Plagiomnium (Ochyra, Bednarek-Ochyra, et al. 2017). Consequently Plagiomnium is retained. 394 395 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 4 9 P. undulatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. [Orthomnion undulatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. & Yu Sun] a var. madeirense T.J.Kop. & Sérgio [Orthomnion undulatum var. madeirense (T.J.Kop. & Sérgio) T.J.Kop. & Yu Sun] b var. undulatum section Rostrata (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. 10 P. rostratum (Schrad.) T.J.Kop. [Orthomnion rostratum (Schrad.) T.J.Kop. & Yu Sun] 154 Pseudobryum (Kindb.) T.J.Kop. 1 P. cinclidioides (Huebener) T.J.Kop. 155 Rhizomnium (Broth.) T.J.Kop. 1 R. andrewsianum (Steere) T.J.Kop. 2 R. gracile T.J.Kop. 3 R. magnifolium (Horik.) T.J.Kop. 4 R. pseudopunctatum (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J.Kop. 5 R. punctatum (Hedw.) T.J.Kop. a var. hermanperssonii T.J.Kop.397 b var. punctatum 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 156 Trachycystis Lindb. 1 T. ussuriensis (Maack & Regel) T.J.Kop. 12 Orthotrichales Dixon Orthotrichaceae Arn. Orthotrichoideae Broth. 157 Codonoblepharon Schwägr. 1 C. forsteri (Dicks.) Goffinet [Zygodon forsteri (Dicks.) Mitt.]398 13 14 15 158 397 399 Lewinskya F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet 1 L. acuminata (H.Philib.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum acuminatum H.Philib.] 2 L. affinis (Schrad. ex Brid.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum affine Schrad. ex Brid., Orthotrichum affine var. bohemicum Plášek & Sawicki] 3 L. breviseta (F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum speciosum var. brevisetum F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka] 16 17 18 159 53 L. elegans (Schwägr. ex Hook. & Grev.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum elegans Schwägr. ex Hook. & Grev.]400 L. fastigiata (Bruch ex Brid.) Vigalondo, F.Lara & Garilleti [Orthotrichum fastigiatum Bruch ex Brid.]401 L. iberica (F.Lara & Mazimpaka) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum ibericum F.Lara & Mazimpaka] L. iwatsukii (Ignatov) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum iwatsukii Ignatov, Orthotrichum laevigatum var. japonicum (Z.Iwats.) Lewinsky, Orthotrichum macounii subsp. japonicum Z.Iwats.]402 L. laevigata (J.E.Zetterst.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum laevigatum J.E.Zetterst.] L. lamyana F.Lara, Garilleti, Draper & Mazimpaka403 L. pylaisii (Brid.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum pylaisii Brid.] L. rupestris (Schleich. ex Schwägr.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich. ex Schwägr.] L. shawii (Wilson) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum shawii Wilson] L. sordida (Sull. & Lesq.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum sordidum Sull. & Lesq.] L. speciosa (Nees) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum speciosum Nees] L. striata (Hedw.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum striatum Hedw.] L. tortidontia (F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum tortidontium F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka] L. transcaucasica Eckstein, Garilleti & F.Lara404 L. vladikavkana (Venturi) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet [Orthotrichum vladikavkana Venturi] Nyholmiella Holmen & E.Warncke405 Rhizomnium punctatum var. hermanperssonii was described from Madeira by Koponen (2017). Molecular evidence (Goffinet, Shaw, et al. 2004) suggests that Zygodon forsteri is best placed in Codonoblepharon. This is supported by current thinking (Mazimpaka and Lara 2014). 399 Lewinskya was established as a genus to accommodate the monoicous and phaneroporous taxa of Orthotrichum (Lara, Garilleti, et al. 2016). 400 Vitt and Darigo (1997) established that Lewinskya elegans was distinct from Lewinskya speciosa in North America. It is now known to be widespread in European Russia (Fedosov and Doroshina 2018), and probably overlooked elsewhere in Europe. 401 Lewinskya fastigiata was reinstated by Vigalondo, Garilleti, et al. (2019), on the basis of integrative taxonomic analyses on the Lewinskya affinis complex. 402 Lewinskya iwatsukii is an Asian taxon described as a subspecies of Orthotrichum macounii Austin by Iwatuski (1959), raised to species level by Ignatov, Ivanova, et al. (2001), and later discovered in Europe (Fedosov and Doroshina 2018). 403 Lewinskya lamyana was described from Spain by Lara, Garilleti, et al. (2018). 404 Lewinskya transcaucasica is a recently described species (Eckstein et al. 2018), which has subsequently been found in the European Caucasus by Fedosov, Doroshina, et al. (2017). 405 The recognition of Nyholmiella at generic level is supported by molecular evidence (Goffinet, Shaw, et al. 2004; Sawicki et al. 2010). 398 54 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 1 2 160 406 30 O. shevockii Lewinsky-Haapasaari & D.H.Norris414 31 O. sibiricum (Grönvall) Warnst. [Orthotrichum holmenii Lewinsky-Haapasaari]415 32 O. sprucei Mont. 33 O. stellatum Brid. 34 O. stramineum Hornsch. ex Brid. 35 O. tenellum Bruch ex Brid. 36 O. urnigerum Myrin 37 O. vittii F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka N. gymnostoma (Bruch ex Brid.) Holmen & E.Warncke [Orthotrichum gymnostomum Bruch ex Brid.] N. obtusifolia (Brid.) Holmen & E.Warncke [Orthotrichum obtusifolium Brid.] Orthotrichum Hedw. 1 O. alpestre Bruch & Schimp. 2 O. anomalum Hedw. 3 O. bistratosum (Schiffn.) Guerra [Orthotrichum cupulatum var. bistratosum Schiffn.]406 4 O. callistomum Fisch.-Oost. ex Bruch & Schimp. 5 O. cambrense Bosanquet & F.Lara407 6 O. casasianum F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka 7 O. columbicum Mitt. [Orthotrichum consimile auct. eur., non Mitt.]408 8 O. comosum F.Lara, R.Medina & Garilleti409 9 O. consobrinum Cardot410 10 O. crenulatum Mitt. 11 O. cupulatum Brid. a var. cupulatum b var. fuscum (Venturi) Boulay c var. riparium Huebener 12 O. dagestanicum Fedosov & Ignatova411 13 O. dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth412 14 O. diaphanum Brid. 15 O. handiense F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka 16 O. hispanicum F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka 17 O. macrocephalum F.Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka 18 O. microcarpum De Not. 19 O. moravicum Plášek & Sawicki413 20 O. pallens Bruch ex Brid. 21 O. patens Bruch ex Brid. 22 O. pellucidum Lindb. 23 O. philibertii Venturi 24 O. pulchellum Brunt. 25 O. pumilum Sw. ex anon. 26 O. rivulare Turner 27 O. rogeri Brid. 28 O. scanicum Grönvall 29 O. schimperi Hammar 161 Plenogemma Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra416 1 P. phyllantha (Brid.) Sawicki, Plášek & Ochyra [Ulota phyllantha Brid.) 162 Pulvigera Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra417 1 P. lyellii (Hook. & Taylor) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra [Orthotrichum lyellii Hook. & Taylor] 163 Ulota D.Mohr 1 U. bruchii Hornsch. ex Brid. 2 U. calvescens Wilson 3 U. coarctata (P.Beauv.) Hammar 4 U. crispa (Hedw.) Brid.418 5 U. crispula Bruch [Ulota crispa var. crispula (Bruch) Hammar] 6 U. curvifolia (Wahlenb.) Lilj. 7 U. drummondii (Hook. & Grev.) Brid. 8 U. hutchinsiae (Sm.) Hammar 9 U. intermedia Schimp. [Ulota crispa var. intermedia (Schimp.) Cardot] 10 U. macrospora E.Bauer & Warnst. 11 U. rehmannii Jur. 164 Zygodon Hook. & Taylor 1 Z. catarinoi C.Garcia, F.Lara, Sérgio & Sim-Sim [Zygodon bistratus Calabrese & J.Muñoz]419 2 Z. conoideus (Dicks.) Hook. & Taylor a var. conoideus b var. lingulatus S.R.Edwards 3 Z. dentatus (Limpr.) Kartt. 4 Z. gracilis Wilson Orthotrichum cupulatum var. bistratosum was raised to species level by Guerra (1985), although it has been recognised as such only recently (Lara and Garilleti 2014). Bosanquet and Lara (2012) described Orthotrichum cambrense from Wales. 408 Orthotrichum columbicum was recognised as a species distinct from Orthotrichum consimile Mitt. by Medina et al. (2012). Orthotrichum consimile s.str. is confined to the west coast of North America. 409 Orthotrichum comosum was described from southern Europe by Medina et al. (2013). 410 Orthotrichum consobrinum is an Asian species detected in Europe (Spain) by Lara, Mazimpaka, et al. (2009). 411 Orthotrichum dagestanicum was described from the Caucasus by Fedosov and Ignatova (2010). 412 Orthotrichum dentatum was described from the Alps by Kiebacher and Lüth (2017). 413 Orthotrichum moravicum was described from central Europe by Plášek et al. (2009). 414 Orthotrichum shevockii is a disjunct species described from California and recently found in the Canary Islands (Vigalondo, Patiño, et al. 2019). 415 Orthotrichum sibiricum is a north Asian species with one known occurrence in European Arctic Russia (Fedosov et al. 2017b). 416 Sawicki et al. (2017) provide molecular evidence for the treatment of Plášek et al. (2015), segregating Ulota phyllantha in the genus Plenogemma. 417 Sawicki et al. (2017) provide molecular evidence for the treatment of Plášek et al. (2015), segregating Orthotrichum lyellii in the genus Pulvigera. 418 The treatment of the Ulota crispa complex (Ulota crispa s.str., Ulota crispula, Ulota intermedia) follows Caparrós et al. (2016). 419 Zygodon catarinoi was described from Spain, Portugal and Morocco by Garcia et al. (2006), and has subsequently been found elsewhere in the Mediterranean region. 407 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 5 6 7 8 Z. rupestris Schimp. ex Lorentz Z. sibiricus Ignatov, Ignatova, Z.Iwats. & B.C.Tan Z. stirtonii Schimp. ex Stirt. Z. viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid. Orthodontiales N.E.Bell, A.E.Newton & D.Quandt Orthodontiaceae Goffinet 165 Leptotheca Schwägr. 1 L. gaudichaudii Schwägr. 166 Orthodontium Schwägr. 1 O. gracile (Wilson) Schwägr. ex Bruch & Schimp. 2 O. lineare Schwägr. 3 O. pellucens (Hook.) Bruch & Schimp. Aulacomniales N.E.Bell, A.E.Newton & D.Quandt Aulacomniaceae Schimp. 167 Aulacomnium Schwägr. 1 A. androgynum (Hedw.) Schwägr. 2 A. palustre (Hedw.) Schwägr. 3 A. turgidum (Wahlenb.) Schwägr. 175 Daltoniaceae Schimp. 170 Achrophyllum Vitt & Crosby 1 A. dentatum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Vitt & Crosby 171 Calyptrochaeta Desv. 1 C. apiculata (Hook.f. & Wilson) Vitt 172 Daltonia Hook. & Taylor 1 D. splachnoides (Sm.) Hook. & Taylor 2 D. lindigiana Hampe [Daltonia stenophylla Mitt.]420 173 Distichophyllum Dozy & Molk. 1 D. carinatum Dixon & W.E.Nicholson Hookeriaceae Schimp. 174 Hookeria J.E.Sm. 1 H. lucens (Hedw.) Sm. Leucomiaceae Broth. 420 Tetrastichium (Mitt.) Cardot 1 T. fontanum (Mitt.) Cardot 2 T. virens (Cardot) S.P.Churchill Pilotrichaceae Kindb. Hypnelloideae Broth. 176 Cyclodictyon Mitt. 1 C. laetevirens (Hook. & Taylor) Mitt. Hypnales W.R.Buck & Vitt Fontinalaceae Schimp. 177 Dichelyma Myrin 1 D. capillaceum (L. ex Dicks.) Myrin 2 D. falcatum (Hedw.) Myrin 178 Rhizogoniales Goffinet & W.R.Buck Rhizogoniaceae Broth. 168 Calomnion Hook.f. & Wilson 1 C. complanatum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Lindb. Hookeriales M.Fleisch. [Hypopterygiales Goffinet] Hypopterygiaceae Mitt. 169 Hypopterygium Brid. 1 H. tamarisci (Sw.) Brid. ex Müll.Hal. 55 Fontinalis Hedw. 1 F. antipyretica Hedw. a subsp. antipyretica b subsp. bryhnii (Limpr.) Podp. c subsp. gracilis (Lindb.) Kindb. d subsp. kindbergii (Renauld & Cardot) Cardot 2 F. dalecarlica Schimp. 3 F. dichelymoides Lindb. 4 F. hypnoides C.Hartm. a var. duriaei (Schimp.) Kindb. b var. hypnoides 5 F. squamosa Hedw. [Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii Cardot, Fontinalis squamosa var. dixonii (Cardot) A.J.E.Sm.]421 Plagiotheciaceae M.Fleisch. 179 Herzogiella Broth. 1 H. seligeri (Brid.) Z.Iwats. 2 H. striatella (Brid.) Z.Iwats. 3 H. turfacea (Lindb.) Z.Iwats. 180 Isopterygiopsis Z.Iwats. 1 I. alpicola (Lindb. & Arnell) Hedenäs 2 I. muelleriana (Schimp.) Z.Iwats. 3 I. pulchella (Hedw.) Z.Iwats. 181 Plagiothecium Bruch & Schimp. [Buckiella Ireland] 1 P. berggrenianum Frisvoll 2 P. cavifolium (Brid.) Z.Iwats. 3 P. curvifolium Schlieph. ex Limpr. 4 P. denticulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. a var. denticulatum b var. obtusifolium (Turner) Moore c var. undulatum R.Ruthe ex Geh. 5 P. laetum Schimp. 6 P. latebricola Schimp. Majestyk (2011) showed that the correct name for Daltonia stenophylla is Daltonia lindigiana. We follow Hill et al. (2008) and Guerra (2014) in treating Fontinalis squamosa var. dixonii as synonymous with the type, and var. curnowii is also considered to have no taxonomic value. 421 56 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 7 P. neckeroideum Schimp. [Plagiothecium noricum Molendo ex Limpr.]422 8 P. nemorale (Mitt.) A.Jaeger 9 P. piliferum (Sw.) Schimp. 10 P. platyphyllum Mönk. 11 P. rossicum Ignatov & Ignatova423 12 P. succulentum (Wilson) Lindb. 13 P. svalbardense Frisvoll 14 P. undulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. [Buckiella undulata (Hedw.) Ireland] 182 Myurella Bruch & Schimp. 1 M. julacea (Schwägr.) Schimp. 2 M. sibirica (Müll.Hal.) Reimers 3 M. tenerrima (Brid.) Lindb. 183 Ortholimnobium Dixon 1 O. handelii (Broth.) C.Schröck & J.T.Wynns [Plagiothecium handelii Broth.]424 184 Orthothecium Bruch & Schimp. 1 O. chryseon (Schwägr.) Schimp. 2 O. intricatum (Hartm.) Schimp. 3 O. lapponicum (Schimp.) C.Hartm. 4 O. rufescens (Dicks. ex Brid.) Schimp. 5 O. strictum Lorentz 185 Platydictya Berk. 1 P. jungermannioides (Brid.) H.A.Crum 186 Pseudotaxiphyllum Z.Iwats. 1 P. elegans (Brid.) Z.Iwats. 2 P. laetevirens (Dixon & Luisier ex F.Koppe & Düll) Hedenäs Fabroniaceae Schimp. 187 Fabronia Raddi 1 F. altaica Ignatova & Ignatov425 2 F. ciliaris (Brid.) Brid. 3 F. major De Not.426 4 F. pusilla Raddi Pterigynandraceae Schimp. 188 422 Pterigynandrum Hedw. 1 P. filiforme Hedw. [Pterigynandrum filiforme var. majus (De Not.) De Not.]427 Habrodontaceae Schimp. 189 Habrodon Schimp. 1 H. perpusillus (De Not.) Lindb. Climaciaceae Kindb. 190 Climacium F.Weber & D.Mohr 1 C. dendroides (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr Myriniaceae Schimp. 191 Myrinia Schimp. 1 M. pulvinata (Wahlenb.) Schimp. Amblystegiaceae G.Roth Cratoneuroideae Vanderp., Hedenäs, A.J.Shaw 192 Cratoneuron (Sull.) Spruce 1 C. curvicaule (Jur.) G.Roth 2 C. filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce 193 C.J.Cox & Palustriella Ochyra 1 P. commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra 2 P. decipiens (De Not.) Ochyra 3 P. falcata (Brid.) Hedenäs [Palustriella commutata var. sulcata (Lindb.) Ochyra, Palustriella pluristratosa M.Stech & J.P.Frahm]428 Amblystegioideae Broth. 194 Amblystegium Schimp. 1 A. serpens (Hedw.) Schimp. [Amblystegium serpens var. salinum Carrington] 195 Anacamptodon Brid. 1 A. splachnoides (Froel. ex Brid.) Brid. 196 Arvernella Hugonnot & Hedenäs429 1 A. microclada Hugonnot & Hedenäs 197 Campyliadelphus (Kindb.) R.S.Chopra 1 C. chrysophyllus (Brid.) R.S.Chopra 2 C. elodes (Lindb.) Kanda 198 Campylium (Kindb.) R.S.Chopra 1 C. bambergeri (Schimp.) Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt [Hypnum bambergeri 430 Schimp.] 2 C. laxifolium Engelmark & Hedenäs The status of Plagiothecium noricum Molendo ex. Limpr., and its relation to Plagiothecium neckeroideum, still needs clarification. Plagiothecium rossicum was descibred from Russia by Ignatova, Fedorova, et al. (2019). Plagiothecium handelii was recorded new to Europe, and its position in Ortholimnobium confirmed, by Wynns and Schröck (2018). 425 Fabronia altaica was described from Russia by Ignatova, Kuznetsova, et al. (2017). In Europe it is restricted to the Caucasus. 426 Fabronia major was resurrected in the course of a study on the genus Fabronia in Russia by Ignatova, Kuznetsova, et al. (2017). 427 According to Hill et al. (2008), ”Smith (2004) retains Pterigynandrum filiforme var. majus but expresses severe doubts as to whether it is distinct. It is treated here as a synonym of var. filiforme.” We follow this treatment. 428 The synonymy of Palustriella pluristratosa with Palustriella falcata follows Hedenäs (2010). The taxonomic value of Palustriella commutata var. sulcata should be studied in more detail. It is a characteristic plant of high altitude limestone in the Alps. 429 Arvernella is a new genus, described by Hugonnot and Hedenäs (2015) to accommodate Arvernella microclada, a new species found in the Auvergne, France. Its placement in the Amblystegioideae is supported by recent analysis by Kučera, Kuznetsova, et al. (2019). 430 Molecular evidence places Hypnum bambergeri in Campylium (Schlesak et al. 2018). 423 424 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 3 4 5 199 200 Campylophyllum (Schimp.) M.Fleisch. 1 C. halleri (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. 2 C. montanum (Lindb.) B.H.Allen [Hygrohypnum montanum (Lindb.) Broth., Platyhypnum montanum (Lindb.) 433 Ochyra] 201 Conardia H.Rob.434 1 C. compacta (Drumm. ex Müll.Hal.) H.Rob. 202 Drepanium (Schimp.) C.E.O.Jensen435 1 D. fastigiatum (Hampe) C.E.O.Jensen [Hypnum recurvatum (Lindb. & Arnell) Kindb., Drepanium recurvatum (Lindb. & Arnell) G.Roth] 203 431 5 D. capillifolius (Warnst.) Warnst. [Drepanocladus longifolius auct. eur., non (Mitt.) Paris]437 6 D. lycopodioides (Brid.) Warnst. [Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides (Brid.) Hedenäs] 7 D. polygamus (Schimp.) Hedenäs438 8 D. sendtneri (Schimp. ex H.Müll.) Warnst. 9 D. sordidus (Müll.Hal.) Hedenäs 10 D. trifarius (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Broth. ex Paris [Pseudocalliergon trifarium (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Loeske] 11 D. turgescens (T.Jensen) Broth. [Pseudocalliergon turgescens (T.Jensen) Loeske] C. longicuspis (Lindb. & Arnell) Hedenäs C. protensum (Brid.) Kindb.431 C. stellatum (Hedw.) Lange & C.E.O.Jensen Campylophyllopsis W.R.Buck [Campylidium (Kindb.) Ochyra, nom. illeg.]432 1 C. calcarea (Crundw. & Nyholm) Ochyra [Campylidium calcareum (Crundw. & Nyholm) Ochyra, Campylophyllum calcareum (Crundw. & Nyholm) Hedenäs] 2 C. sommerfeltii (Myrin) Ochyra [Campylidium sommerfeltii (Myrin) Ochyra, Campylophyllum sommerfeltii (Myrin) Hedenäs] Drepanocladus (Müll.Hal.) G.Roth [Pseudocalliergon (Limpr.) Loeske]436 1 D. aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. 2 D. angustifolius (Hedenäs) Hedenäs & C.Rosborg [Pseudocalliergon angustifolium Hedenäs] 3 D. arcticus (R.S.Williams) Hedenäs 4 D. brevifolius (Lindb.) Warnst. [Pseudocalliergon brevifolium (Lindb.) Hedenäs] 57 204 Hygroamblystegium Loeske439 1 H. fluviatile (Hedw.) Loeske 2 H. humile (P.Beauv.) Vanderp., Goffinet & Hedenäs [Hygroamblystegium varium var. humile Vanderp. & Hedenäs]440 3 H. tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. 4 H. varium (Hedw.) Mönk. [Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb.] 205 Hygrohypnum Lindb. 1 H. luridum (Hedw.) Jenn. 2 H. styriacum (Limpr.) Broth. 206 Leptodictyum (Schimp.) Warnst. 1 L. riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. 207 Microhypnum Jan Kučera & Ignatov 1 M. sauteri (Schimp.) Jan Kučera & Ignatov [Anacamptodon sauteri (Schimp.) Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt, Hypnum sauteri Schimp.]441 208 Platyhypnum Loeske [Ochyraea Váňa]442 1 P. alpestre (Hedw.) Ochyra [Hygrohypnum alpestre (Hedw.) Loeske] 2 P. alpinum (Lindb.) Loeske [Hygrohypnum alpinum (Lindb.) Loeske] Campylium protensum and Campylium stellatum are distinct in some parts of their range and overlap in others. They are retained as separate species for the present, although there is a strong case for Campylium protensum to be reduced to a variety of Campylium stellatum, as some authors have done. The separation of Campylidium from Campylophyllum is supported by molecular studies (Gardiner et al. 2005; Ignatov, Gardiner, et al. 2007). However, Campylidium is an illegitimate name and must be changed to Campylophyllopsis (Goffinet, Buck, et al. 2009). 433 Ochyra (2013) placed Hygrohypnum montanum in Platyhypnum. Allen (2014) transferred it to Campylophyllum. 434 Although here retained in the Amblystegiaceae, Conardia does not appear to belong here, and may require a family of its own (see, for example, Vanderpoorten et al. 2002). 435 Recent molecular studies place Hypnum recurvatum in the genus Drepanium (Schlesak et al. 2018). 436 This treatment of Drepanocladus follows Hedenäs and Rosborg (2008). 437 Drepanocladus longifolius (Mitt.) Paris is an exclusively Southern Hemisphere species; Saługa et al. (2018) showed that European records of this species should be referred to Drepanocladus capillifolius. 438 Campylium decipiens (Warnst.) Walsemann is a central European plant recognised as a distinct species by Frahm and Walsemann (1973) and Meinunger and Schröder (2007), but otherwise largely disregarded. It may be a form of Drepanocladus polygamus, but it requires further study. 439 Although Hygroamblystegium fluviatile, Hygroamblystegium humile and Hygroamblystegium tenax have been synonymised with Hygroamblystegium varium (Vanderpoorten 2004), we follow Hill et al. (2006) in retaining these species as distinct pending further work. 440 Hygroamblystegium humile was recognised at varietal level by Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs (2009), while Hygroamblystegium fluviatile and Hygroamblystegium tenax continued to be regarded as synonyms of Amblystegium varium. 441 On molecular evidence, Schlesak et al. (2018) placed Hypnum sauteri in Anacamptodon but Kučera, Kuznetsova, et al. (2019) provided further evidence placing it in the new genus Microhypnum. 442 We follow the treatment of Ochyra (2013) in transferring several Hygrohypnum species to Platyhypnum. 432 58 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 3 4 5 6 7 8 P. cochlearifolium (Venturi) Ochyra [Hygrohypnum cochlearifolium (Venturi) Broth.] P. duriusculum (De Not.) Ochyra [Hygrohypnum duriusculum (De Not.) D.W.Jamieson] P. molle (Dicks. ex Hedw.) Loeske [Hygrohypnum molle (Dicks. ex Hedw.) Loeske] P. norvegicum (Schimp.) Ochyra [Hygrohypnum norvegicum (Schimp.) J.J.Amann] P. smithii (Sw.) Ochyra [Hygrohypnum smithii (Sw.) Broth.] P. tatrense (Váňa) Hedenäs & Ignatov [Ochyraea tatrensis Váňa]443 209 Pseudoamblystegium Vanderp. & Hedenäs444 1 P. subtile (Hedw.) Vanderp. & Hedenäs [Amblystegium subtile (Hedw.) Schimp.] 210 Pseudocampylium Vanderp. & Hedenäs445 1 P. radicale (P.Beauv.) Vanderp. & Hedenäs [Amblystegium radicale (P.Beauv.) Schimp.] 211 Serpoleskea (Limpr.) Loeske 1 S. confervoides (Brid.) Schimp. [Amblystegium confervoides (Brid.) Schimp.]446 212 Tomentypnum Loeske 1 T. nitens (Hedw.) Loeske 3 S. sarmentosum (Wahlenb.) Tuom. & T.J.Kop. [Warnstorfia sarmentosa (Wahlenb.) Hedenäs] 4 S. trichophyllum (Warnst.) Hedenäs [Warnstorfia trichophylla (Warnst.) Tuom. & T.J.Kop.] 5 S. tundrae (Arnell) Hedenäs [Warnstorfia tundrae (Arnell) Loeske] 216 Straminergon Hedenäs 1 S. stramineum (Dicks. ex Brid.) Hedenäs 217 Warnstorfia Loeske 1 W. fluitans (Hedw.) Loeske 2 W. pseudostraminea (Müll.Hal.) Tuom. & T.J.Kop. Scorpidiaceae Ignatov & Ignatova 218 Hamatocaulis Hedenäs 1 H. lapponicus (Norrl.) Hedenäs 2 H. vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs448 219 Hygrohypnella Ignatov & Ignatova449 1 H. ochracea (Turner ex Wilson) Ignatov & Ignatova [Hygrohypnum ochraceum (Turner ex Wilson) Loeske] 2 H. polaris (Lindb.) Ignatov & Ignatova [Hygrohypnum polare (Lindb.) Loeske] 220 Sanionia Loeske 1 S. nivalis Hedenäs [Sanionia georgicouncinata auct. eur., non (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra & Hedenäs]450 2 S. orthothecioides (Lindb.) Loeske 3 S. uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske 221 Scorpidium (Schimp.) Limpr. 1 S. cossonii (Schimp.) Hedenäs 2 S. revolvens (Sw. ex anon.) Rubers 3 S. scorpioides (Hedw.) Limpr. Calliergonaceae Vanderp., Hedenäs, C.J.Cox & A.J.Shaw 213 Calliergon (Sull.) Kindb. 1 C. cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb. 2 C. giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb. 3 C. megalophyllum Mikut. 4 C. richardsonii (Mitt.) Kindb. 214 Loeskypnum H.K.G.Paul 1 L. badium (Hartm.) H.K.G.Paul 215 Sarmentypnum Tuom. & T.J.Kop.447 1 S. exannulatum (Schimp.) Hedenäs [Warnstorfia exannulata (Schimp.) Loeske] 2 S. procerum (Renauld & Arnell) Hedenäs [Warnstorfia procera (Renauld & Arnell) Tuom.] 443 Leskeaceae Schimp. 222 Claopodium (Lesq. & James) Renauld & Cardot 1 C. rostratum (Hedw.) Ignatov [Anomodon rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp.]451 2 C. whippleanum (Sull.) Renauld & Cardot Ochyraea tatrensis may be nothing more than an extreme form of Platyhypnum smithii, but for the present it is retained as a species and transferred to the genus Platyhypnum until further work is done. The genus Pseudoamblystegium was established by Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs (2009) to accommodate Amblystegium subtile. 445 The genus Pseudocampylium was established by Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs (2009) to accommodate Amblystegium radicale. 446 The placement of Amblystegium confervoides in Serpoleskea (Vanderpoorten et al. 2002) was confirmed by Vanderpoorten and Hedenäs (2009). 447 The treatment of Sarmentypnum follows Hedenäs (2006). 448 Hamatocaulis vernicosus comprises two well-researched cryptic species in Europe. Careful morphological evaluation has failed to find any morphological difference between the two (Manukjanová et al. 2019). 449 Hygrohypnum ochraceum and Hygrohypnum polare are placed in Hygrohypnella, following Ignatov and Ignatova (2004). 450 Molecular studies showed European Sanionia nivalis to be distinct from the Southern Hemisphere Sanionia georgicouncinata (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra & Hedenäs (Hedenäs 2012). 451 Molecular studies place Anomodon rostratus in Claopodium (Ignatov, Afonina, Ignatova 2006). 444 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 223 Leskea Hedw. 1 L. polycarpa Hedw. 224 Lindbergia Kindb.452 1 L. dagestanica Ignatova & Ignatov 2 L. grandiretis (Lindb. ex Broth.) Ignatov & Ignatova [Lindbergia brachyptera auct. eur., non (Mitt.) Kindb.] 225 Pseudoleskeopsis Broth.453 1 P. artariae (Thér.) Thér. [Pseudoleskea artariae Thér.] Pseudoleskeaceae Schimp. 226 Lescuraea Bruch & Schimp. [Pseudoleskea Schimp., Ptychodium Schimp.]454 1 L. incurvata (Hedw.) E.Lawton [Pseudoleskea incurvata (Hedw.) Loeske] 2 L. mutabilis (Brid.) Lindb. ex I.Hagen 3 L. patens Lindb. [Pseudoleskea patens (Lindb.) Kindb. 4 L. plicata (Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Broth. [Ptychodium plicatum (Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp.] 5 L. radicosa (Mitt.) Mönk. [Pseudoleskea radicosa (Mitt.) Macoun & Kindb.] 6 L. saviana (De Not.) E.Lawton [Pseudoleskea saviana (De Not.) Latzel] 7 L. saxicola (Schimp.) Molendo 8 L. secunda Arnell Pseudoleskeellaceae Ignatov & Ignatova 227 Pseudoleskeella Kindb. 1 P. catenulata (Brid. ex Schrad.) Kindb. 2 P. nervosa (Brid.) Nyholm 3 P. papillosa (Lindb.) Kindb. 4 P. rupestris (Berggr.) Hedenäs & L.Söderstr. 5 P. tectorum (Funck ex Brid.) Kindb. ex Broth. Thuidiaceae Schimp. 228 Abietinella Müll.Hal. 1 A. abietina (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. a var. abietina b var. hystricosa (Mitt.) Sakurai 229 452 Haplocladium (Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal. 1 H. angustifolium (Hampe & Müll.Hal.) Broth. 59 2 H. microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth. 3 H. virginianum (Brid.) Broth. 230 Helodium (Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal.455 1 H. blandowii (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Warnst. [Elodium blandowii (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Eckel] 231 Pelekium Mitt. 1 P. atlanticum (Hedenäs) Hedenäs 2 P. minutulum (Hedw.) Touw 232 Thuidiopsis (Broth.) M.Fleisch. 1 T. sparsa (Hook.f. & Wilson) Broth. 233 Thuidium Bruch & Schimp. 1 T. assimile (Mitt.) A.Jaeger 2 T. delicatulum (Hedw.) Schimp. 3 T. recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb. 4 T. tamariscinum (Hedw.) Schimp. Brachytheciaceae Schimp. Eurhynchioideae Milde 234 Eurhynchium Bruch & Schimp. 1 E. angustirete (Broth.) T.J.Kop. 2 E. striatum (Hedw.) Schimp. 235 Palamocladium M.Fleisch. 1 P. euchloron (Müll.Hal.) Wijk & Margad. 236 Plasteurhynchium M.Fleisch. 1 P. meridionale (Schimp.) M.Fleisch. 2 P. striatulum (Spruce) M.Fleisch. 237 Pseudoscleropodium (Limpr.) M.Fleisch. 1 P. purum (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. 238 Rhynchostegium Bruch & Schimp. [Platyhypnidium M.Fleisch.]456 1 R. alopecuroides (Brid.) A.J.E.Sm. [Platyhypnidium lusitanicum (Schimp.) Ochyra & Bedn.-Ochyra, Platyhypnidium mutatum Ochyra & Vanderp.]457 2 R. confertum (Dicks.) Schimp. 3 R. confusum K.Cezón, J.Muñoz, Hedenäs & Huttunen458 The treatment of Lindbergia follows Ignatova, Ignatov, et al. (2010). The type of Pseudoleskea is Pseudoleskea atrovirens (=Pseudoleskea incurvata), now in Lescuraea, so Pseudoleskea artariae cannot be the sole representative of the genus. Therefore we return this taxon to the genus Pseudoleskeopsis (placed by Frey and Stech 2009 in Leskeaceae) pending further studies. 454 Molecular studies suggest that Pseudoleskea and Ptychodium should be included in Lescuraea (Gardiner et al. 2005; Ignatov, Gardiner, et al. 2007). 455 Eckel (2012) proposed that Elodium (Sull.) Austin take the place of Helodium, on the basis of precedence. However, preliminary research by M. Ignatov indicates that North American and European material is not necessarily congeneric. Globally, there are (traditionally) three species commonly placed in the genus Helodium, but they are probably unrelated. As the name Helodium is in common usage, it is retained pending further studies. 456 Molecular studies have shown that the genus Platyhypnidium is not sustainable, with all the European species correctly placed in Rhynchostegium (Huttunen and Ignatov 2010). 457 The generic placement of Rhynchostegium alopecuroides was confirmed using molecular techniques by Huttunen and Ignatov (2010). Molecular studies have shown that Platyhypnidium mutatum is deeply nested within Rhynchostegium alopecuroides, although a formal synonymy was not made (Hutsemékers et al. 2012). 458 Rhynchostegium confusum was described from the Iberian Peninsula by Cezón et al. (2010). 453 60 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 4 5 6 7 8 239 R. megapolitanum (Blandow ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. R. murale (Hedw.) Schimp. [Rhynchostegium arcticum (I.Hagen) Ignatov & 459 Huttunen] R. riparioides (Hedw.) Cardot [Platyhypnidium grolleanum Ochyra & Bedn.-Ochyra, Platyhypnidium torrenticola (Ochyra, C.Schmidt & Bültmann) Ochyra & Bedn.-Ochyra]460 R. rotundifolium (Scop. ex Brid.) Schimp. R. strongylense (Bott.) W.R.Buck & Privitera Scorpiurium Schimp. 1 S. circinatum (Bruch) M.Fleisch. & Loeske 2 S. deflexifolium (Solms) M.Fleisch. & Loeske 3 S. sendtneri (Schimp.) M.Fleisch. Helicodontoideae M.Fleisch. 240 Cirriphyllum Grout 1 C. crassinervium (Taylor) Loeske & M.Fleisch. 2 C. piliferum (Hedw.) Grout 241 Clasmatodon Hook.f. & Wilson 1 C. parvulus (Hampe) Sull.461 242 Hedenasiastrum Ignatov & Vanderp.462 1 H. percurrens (Hedenäs) Ignatov & Vanderp. [Brachythecium percurrens Hedenäs] 243 Helicodontium Schwägr. 1 H. capillare (Hedw.) A.Jaeger 244 Microeurhynchium Ignatov & Vanderp.463 1 M. pumilum (Wilson) Ignatov & Vanderp. [Oxyrrhynchium pumilum (Wilson) Loeske] 245 Nobregaea Hedenäs 1 N. latinervis Hedenäs 459 246 Oxyrrhynchium (Schimp.) Warnst. 1 O. hians (Hedw.) Loeske 2 O. schleicheri (R.Hedw.) Röll 3 O. speciosum (Brid.) Warnst. 247 Pseudorhynchostegiella Ignatov & Vanderp.464 1 P. duriaei (Mont.) Ignatov & Vanderp. [Rhynchostegiella durieui (Mont.) P.Allorge & Perss.] 248 Rhynchostegiella (Schimp.) Limpr. 1 R. azorica Hedenäs & Vanderp.465 2 R. bourgaeana (Mitt.) Broth. 3 R. curviseta (Brid.) Limpr. 4 R. litorea (De Not.) Limpr. [Rhynchostegiella tenella var. meridionalis (Boulay) Zodda]466 5 R. pseudolitorea Hedenäs & J.Patiño467 6 R. tenella (Dicks.) Limpr. 7 R. teneriffae (Mont.) Dirkse & Bouman [Rhynchostegiella jacquinii (Garov.) Limpr., Rhynchostegiella macilenta (Renauld & Cardot) Cardot, Rhynchostegiella teesdalei (Schimp.) Limpr.]468 8 R. trichophylla Dirkse & Bouman 9 R. tubulosa Hedenäs & J.Patiño469 Brachythecioideae Lotsy 249 Brachytheciastrum Ignatov & Huttunen 1 B. collinum (Schleich. ex Müll.Hal.) Ignatov & Huttunen [Brachytheciastrum fendleri auct. eur., non (Sull.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec]470 2 B. dieckei (Röll) Ignatov & Huttunen 3 B. olympicum (Jur.) Vanderp. et al. 4 B. salicinum (Schimp.) J.D.Orgaz, M.J.Cano & J.Guerra [Brachytheciastrum velutinum var. salicinum (Schimp.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec]471 5 B. trachypodium (Brid.) Ignatov & Huttunen 6 B. velutinum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen [Brachytheciastrum vanekii (Šmarda) Recent molecular work by M. Ignatov suggests that Rhynchostegium arcticum should be treated as a synonym of Rhynchostegium murale. Platyhypnidium grolleanum was regarded as a rare mutation of Rhynchostegium riparioides by Kučera, Váňa, et al. (2012). Molecular studies have shown that Platyhypnidium torrenticola is deeply nested within Rhynchostegium riparioides, although a formal synonymy was not made (Hutsemékers et al. 2012). 461 Clasmatodon parvulus is re-admitted into the European flora following the revision of an old herbarium specimen (collected in Germany in 1851) by Müller (2007). It has not been refound more recently. 462 Hedenasiastrum was described on molecular grounds (Aigoin et al. 2009). 463 Microeurhynchium was described on molecular grounds (Aigoin et al. 2009). 464 Pseudorhynchostegiella was described on molecular grounds (Aigoin et al. 2009). 465 Rhynchostegiella azorica is an Azorean endemic described by Vanderpoorten et al. (2015). 466 The synonymy of Rhynchostegiella tenella var. meridionalis with Rhynchostegiella litorea follows Guerra, Ríos, et al. (2014) and Patiño et al. (2017). 467 Rhynchostegiella pseudolitorea is a Macaronesian endemic described by Patiño et al. (2017). 468 Rhynchostegiella macilenta was synonymised with R. teneriffae by Patiño et al. (2017). The difficulties with Rhynchostegiella jacquinii and Rhynchostegiella teesdalei were discussed by Patiño et al. (2017), who listed them as doubtfully synonymous with Rhynchostegiella teneriffae. We continue to treat them as synonyms pending further work. 469 Rhynchostegiella tubulosa is an eastern Mediterranean species described by Patiño et al. (2017), and subsequently also found in Portugal (Ellis, Amélio, et al. 2019). 470 All European records of Brachytheciastrum fendleri are Brachytheciastrum collinum (Orgaz et al. 2013). Brachytheciastrum fendleri (Sull.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec is a North American species. 471 Brachytheciastrum salicinum is reinstateded as a species, as it is significantly different from Brachytheciastrum velutinum morphologically, molecularly and ecologically (D. Orgaz pers. comm. 2018). 460 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY Ochyra & Żarnowiec, Brachytheciastrum velutinum var. vagans (Milde) Ochyra & Żarnowiec]472 250 472 Brachythecium Schimp. [Bryhnia Kaurin] 1 B. albicans (Hedw.) Schimp. 2 B. buchananii (Hook.) A.Jaeger473 3 B. campestre (Müll.Hal.) Schimp. 4 B. capillaceum (F.Weber & D.Mohr) Giacom. [Brachythecium rotaeanum De Not.]474 5 B. cirrosum (Schwägr.) Schimp. 6 B. erythrorrhizon Schimp. [Brachythecium erythrorrhizon subsp. asiaticum Ignatov, Brachythecium erythrorrhizon subsp. erythrorrhizon var. thedenii (Schimp.) Lindb.]475 7 B. funkii Schimp.476 8 B. geheebii Milde 9 B. glareosum (Bruch ex Spruce) Schimp. 10 B. japygum (Głow.) Köckinger & Jan Kučera477 11 B. laetum (Brid.) Schimp. 12 B. mildeanum (Schimp.) Schimp. 13 B. novae-angliae (Sull. & Lesq.) A.Jaeger [Brachythecium scabridum (Lindb.) M.Li & Y.F.Wang, Bryhnia scabrida (Lindb.) Kaurin; Bryhnia novaeangliae (Sull. & Lesq.) Grout]478 14 B. rivulare Schimp. 15 B. rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. a var. atlanticum Hedenäs b var. rutabulum 16 B. salebrosum (Hoffm. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. 17 B. tauriscorum Molendo [Brachythecium coruscum I.Hagen]479 18 B. tenuicaule (Spruce) Kindb. [Rhynchostegiella tenuicaulis (Spruce) Kartt.]480 61 19 B. tommasinii (Sendtn. ex Boulay) Ignatov & Huttunen 20 B. turgidum (Hartm.) Kindb. 21 B. udum I.Hagen [Brachythecium mildeanum var. udum (I.Hagen) Mönk.]481 251 Eurhynchiastrum Ignatov & Huttunen 1 E. diversifolium (Schimp.) J.Guerra [Eurhynchiastrum pulchellum var. diversifolium (Schimp.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec]482 2 E. pulchellum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen [Eurhynchiastrum pulchellum var. praecox (Hedw.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec]483 252 Homalothecium Schimp. 1 H. aureum (Spruce) H.Rob. 2 H. lutescens (Hedw.) H.Rob. a var. fallax (H.Philib. ex Schimp.) Düll b var. lutescens 3 H. mandonii (Mitt.)Geh.484 4 H. meridionale (M.Fleisch. & Warnst.) Hedenäs485 5 H. philippeanum (Spruce) Schimp. 6 H. sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp. 253 Kindbergia Ochyra 1 K. praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra 254 Myuroclada Besch. 1 M. longiramea (Müll.Hal.) M.Li, Y.-F.Wang, Ignatov & Huttunen486 2 M. maximowiczii (G.G.Borshch.) Steere & W.B.Schofield 255 Sciuro-hypnum (Hampe) Hampe 1 S. curtum (Lindb.) Ignatov487 2 S. dovrense (Limpr.) Draper & Hedenäs488 3 S. flotowianum (Sendtn.) Ignatov & Huttunen 4 S. glaciale (Schimp.) Ignatov & Huttunen 5 S. latifolium (Kindb.) Ignatov & Huttunen Brachytheciastrum vanekii and Brachytheciastrum velutinum var. vagans (the latter known only from Poland) are synonymised with Brachytheciastrum velutinum, as they do not differ either morphologically or molecularly (J. Kučera and D. Orgaz pers. comm. 2018). Brachythecium buchananii is an essentially Asiatic species that also occurs on the European side of the Ural mountains (Ignatov and Milyutina 2010). 474 Brachythecium capillaceum is most likely the earlier name for Brachythecium rotaeanum, although additional study is needed to confirm this. 475 In reference to Brachythecium erythrorrhizon subsp. asiaticum, Ignatov and Milyutina (2010) observed, ” … too broad variation in plant size in Eurasia and North America, making [it] very difficult to segregate this subspecies.” Neither Brachythecium erythrorrhizon subsp. asiaticum nor subsp. erythrorrhizon var. thedenii are now considered worthy of recognition at any level. 476 Brachythecium funkii was segregated from Brachythecium cirrosum on the basis of molecular evidence (Köckinger and Kučera 2016). 477 Brachythecium japygum was segregated from Brachythecium cirrosum on the basis of molecular evidence (Köckinger and Kučera 2016). 478 The Eurasian Brachythecium scabridum was synonymised with the North American Brachythecium novae-angliae by Huttunen, Kuznetsova, et al. (2015), as no significant differences could be found. 479 Brachythecium tauriscorum is an older name for B. coruscum (Hedenäs 2017b). 480 Molecular work showed Brachythecium tenuicaule to be closely related to Brachythecium tommasinii (Köckinger and Kučera 2016). 481 Brachythecium udum was treated as a variety of Brachythecium mildeanum (Podpera 1954; Hill et al. 2006), but Ignatov and Milyutina (2010) found it to be more closely related to Brachythecium turgidum. Sporophytes and male gametangia remain unknown, and it needs further study to determine whether it is a good species or an extreme phenotype in the Brachythecium salebrosum-Brachythecium turgidum complex growing in wet northern environments. 482 Eurhynchiastrum diversifolium was raised to species level by Guerra (2016). 483 The treatment of Eurhynchiastrum pulchellum follows Guerra (2016). 484 Homalothecium mandonii was segregated from H. sericeum on the basis of molecular and morphological evidence (Hedenäs, Désamoré, et al. 2014). 485 Homalothecium meridionale was segregated from H. sericeum on the basis of molecular and morphological evidence (Hedenäs, Désamoré, et al. 2014). 486 The status of Myuroclada longiramea in Europe was clarified by Ignatov, Huttunen, et al. (2015). 487 Sciuro-hypnum curtum was restored from synonymy with Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium by Ignatov and Milyutina (2007). It is a widespread species in Europe, whereas Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium, which is primarily a western North American species, is very rare, with just a few records from eastern Europe. 488 Sciuro-hypnum dovrense was removed from synonymy with Brachythecium glaciale by Draper and Hedenäs (2009). 473 62 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 256 S. oedipodium (Mitt.) Ignatov & Huttunen S. ornellanum (Molendo) Ignatov & Huttunen S. plumosum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen S. populeum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen S. reflexum (Starke) Ignatov & Huttunen S. starkei (Brid.) Ignatov & Huttunen S. tromsoeense (Kaurin & Arnell) Draper & Hedenäs489 Scleropodium Bruch & Schimp. 1 S. cespitans (Wilson ex Müll.Hal.) L.F.Koch 2 S. touretii (Brid.) L.F.Koch Taxiphyllaceae Ignatov496 259 Taxiphyllum M.Fleisch. 1 T. densifolium (Lindb. ex Broth.) Reimers 2 T. wissgrillii (Garov.) Wijk & Margad. Pylaisiadelphaceae Goffinet & W.R.Buck 260 Brotherella M.Fleisch. 1 B. lorentziana (Molendo ex Lorentz) Loeske ex M.Fleisch. [Brotherella henonii auct. eur. non (Duby) M.Fleisch.]497 261 Heterophyllium (Schimp.) Kindb. 1 H. nemorosum (W.D.J.Koch ex Brid.) Kindb. [Heterophyllium affine (Hook.) M.Fleisch., nom. illeg.]498 262 Isopterygium Mitt. 1 I. tenerum (Sw.) Mitt. 263 Platygyrium Bruch & Schimp. 1 P. repens (Brid.) Schimp. Hypnaceae Schimp. 257 Hypnum Hedw.490 1 H. andoi A.J.E.Sm. 2 H. cupressiforme Hedw. a var. cupressiforme b var. filiforme Brid. 491 c var. heseleri (Ando & Higuchi) M.O.Hill d var. lacunosum Brid. e var. subjulaceum Molendo [Hypnum subcomplanatum Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt, nom. illeg., Hypnum subjulaceum (Molendo) Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt]492 3 H. jutlandicum Holmen & E.Warncke 4 H. resupinatum Taylor [Hypnum cupressiforme var. resupinatum (Taylor) Schimp.]493 5 H. uncinulatum Jur. Callicladiaceae Jan Kučera & Ignatov494 258 489 Callicladium H.A.Crum 1 C. haldanianum (Grev.) H.A.Crum 2 C. imponens (Hedw.) Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt [Hypnum imponens Hedw.]495 Jocheniaceae Jan Kučera & Ignatov499 264 Jochenia Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt500 1 J. pallescens (Hedw.) Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt [Hypnum pallescens (Hedw.) P.Beauv., Hypnum reptile Michx., Hypnum pallescens var. reptile (Michx.) Husn.] 2 J. protuberans (Brid.) Jan Kučera & Ignatov [Hypnum pallescens var. protuberans (Brid.) Austin, Hypnum protuberans Brid.]501 Stereodontaceae Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt502 265 Stereodon (Brid.) Mitt. [Breidleria Loeske]503 Sciuro-hypnum tromsoeense was removed from synonymy with Brachythecium starkei by Draper and Hedenäs (2008). The treatment of Hypnum follows Schlesak et al. (2018), apart from Hypnum cupressiforme var. subjulaceum (see footnote below). Hypnum cupressiforme var. filiforme may well be nothing more than an environmental modification but is retained as a variety until its position is clarified. 492 Hypnum subjulaceum was published by Schlesak et al. (2018) as Hypnum subcomplanatum rather than Hypnum subjulaceum because the latter was thought to be blocked by the name Hypnum subjulaceum Besch. However, the latter name was not validly published, so its use at species level is not blocked. This was corrected by Schlesak et al. (2019). Later, Kučera, Kuznetsova, et al. (2019) found that Hypnum subjulaceum formed a supported lineage within Hypnum cupressiforme s.lat., and so it was returned to varietal status. 493 Hypnum resupinatum is treated at species level, as it is usually distinct morphologically and has a distinct geographical distribution. However, according to current knowledge, it might equally well be treated as a variety of Hypnum cupressiforme, as in Guerra (2018). Ongoing molecular studies should clarify the situation. 494 The new family Callicladiaceae was established by Kučera, Kuznetsova, et al. (2019) on molecular grounds. 495 Molecular evidence places Hypnum imponens in Callicladium (Schlesak et al. 2018). 496 The family Taxiphyllaceae was established by Ignatov, Afonina, et al. (2012) to accommodate Taxiphyllum. 497 Frahm (2013) synonymised Brotherella lorentziana with Brotherella henonii (Duby) M.Fleisch., an east Asian species, but a genetic review is still pending. We therefore continue to accept Brotherella lorentziana as valid. 498 The name Hypnum affine Hook., basionym of Heterophyllium affine, is considered an orthographic variant of the older Hypnum adfine Hoffm. ex Schwägr. (Allen 2018). The next available synonym is Hypnum nemorosum. 499 The new family Jocheniaceae was established by Kučera, Kuznetsova, et al. (2019) on molecular evidence. 500 Schlesak et al. (2018) established the genus Jochenia for Hypnum pallescens. 501 Using molecular data, Kučera, Kuznetsova, et al. (2019) found that Jochenia protuberans was consistently different from Jochenia pallescens. Although this taxon has not often been recognised even at varietal level, there is now sufficient evidence to treat it as a species. Ando (1973) correctly distinguished between the taxa, although he treated Jochenia protuberans only as a form of Jochenia pallescens. His synonymy of Hypnum reptile with Hypnum pallescens and clarification of the misunderstanding concerning the type of Leskea pallescens Hedw. introduced by the authors of Bryologia Europaea, is followed here. 502 The family Stereodontaceae was established by Schlesak et al. (2018) to legitimate the high statistical support for the clade including Stereodon. 503 The treatment of Stereodon follows Schlesak et al. (2018) and Kučera, Kuznetsova, et al. (2019). 490 491 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 1 2 3 4 5 6 S. aemulans (Breidl.) Broth. [Hypnum aemulans Breidl.]504 S. callichrous (Brid.) Lindb. [Hypnum callichroum Brid.] S. hamulosus (Schimp.) Lindb. [Hypnum hamulosum Schimp.] S. holmenii (Ando) Ignatov & Igantova [Hypnum holmenii Ando] S. pratensis (W.D.J.Koch ex Spruce) Warnst. [Breidleria pratensis (W.D.J.Koch ex Spruce) Loeske] S. subimponens (Lesq.) Broth. [Hypnum subimponens Lesq.] 1 P. procerrimus (Molendo) M.Fleisch. [Ctenidium procerrimum (Molendo) Lindb., Hypnum procerrimum Molendo] 272 Ptilium De Not.511 1 P. crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not. 273 Pylaisia Schimp. 1 P. polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. 2 P. selwynii Kindb. 274 Roaldia P.E.A.S.Câmara & Carv.-Silva512 1 R. dolomitica (Milde) Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt [Hypnum revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb. var. dolomiticum (Milde) Mönk.]513 2 R. revoluta (Mitt.) P.E.A.S.Câmara & M.Carvalho-Silva [Hypnum revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb.] 275 Vesicularia (Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal.514 1 V. reimersiana Bizot & P.de la Varde Pylaisiaceae Schimp. 266 267 Aquilonium Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt505 1 A. plicatulum (Lindb.) Hedenäs, Schlesak & D.Quandt [Hypnum plicatulum (Lindb.) A.Jaeger] Buckia D.Rios, M.T.Gallego & J.Guerra506 1 B. vaucheri (Lesq.) D.Rios, M.T.Gallego & J.Guerra [Hypnum vaucheri Lesq.] 268 Calliergonella Loeske 1 C. cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske 2 C. lindbergii (Mitt.) Hedenäs 269 Homomallium (Schimp.) Loeske 1 H. incurvatum (Schrad. ex Brid.) Loeske 270 Pseudohygrohypnum Kanda507 1 P. eugyrium (Schimp.) Kanda [Hygrohypnum eugyrium (Schimp.) Broth.] 2 P. fertile (Sendtn.) Jan Kučera & Ignatov [Hypnum fertile Sendtn., Stereodon fertilis (Sendtn.) Lindb.]508 3 P. subeugyrium (Renauld & Cardot) Ignatov & Ignatova [Hygrohypnum subeugyrium (Renauld & Cardot) Broth.]509 271 504 Pseudostereodon (Broth.) M.Fleisch.510 63 Sematophyllaceae Broth. 276 Sematophyllum Mitt. 1 S. adnatum (Michx.) E.Britton 2 S. demissum (Wilson) Mitt. 3 S. substrumulosum (Hampe) E.Britton Hylocomiaceae M.Fleisch. 277 Hageniella Broth.515 1 H. micans (Mitt.) B.C.Tan & Y.Jia 278 Hylocomiadelphus Ochyra & Stebel516 1 H. triquetrus (Hedw.) Ochyra & Stebel [Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst.] 279 Hylocomiastrum Broth. 1 H. pyrenaicum (Spruce) M.Fleisch. 2 H. umbratum (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. 280 Hylocomium Bruch & Schimp. 1 H. splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. Hypnum aemulans has been treated as a synonym of Stereodon hamulosus (Hypnum hamulosum) by most European authors, and was therefore omitted by Hill et al. (2006). No useful DNA could be extracted from this species during the recent revision of European Hypnum by Schlesak et al. (2018), so its generic placement remains uncertain. However, morphological evidence suggests that it should be located in Stereodon. 505 The genus Aquilonium was established by Schlesak et al. (2018) to accommodate, among other species, Hypnum plicatulum. 506 The genus Buckia was established by Câmara et al. (2018) to accommodate Hypnum vaucheri. 507 Pseudohygrohypnum, described by Kanda (1976 (1977)), is accepted, as a broad concept of Hygrohypnum can no longer be maintained. 508 Kučera, Kuznetsova, et al. (2019) placed Hypnum fertile in Pseudohygrohypnum on molecular evidence. 509 Hygrohypnum subeugyrium was transferred to Pseudohygrohypnum by Ignatov and Ignatova (2004). 510 Pseudostereodon was re-established by Câmara et al. (2018). 511 The placement of Ptilium in the Pylaisiaceae is a temporary soluation, as its position remains uncertain until further research takes place. 512 The genus Roaldia was established to accommodate Hypnum revolutum s.lat. (Câmara et al. 2018). 513 While Roaldia dolomitica is regarded as ’mere morphological variation’ by Câmara et al. (2018), it is treated as a full species by Schlesak et al. (2018). The latter view is supported by Kučera, Kuznetsova, et al. (2019). 514 The placement of Vesicularia in Pylaisiaceae follows Ignatov, Gardiner, et al. (2007). 515 Although placed in Hylocomiaceae by Frey and Stech (2009), Hageniella is probably best placed in Sematophyllaceae. 516 Hylocomiadelphus was pubished by Ochyra and Stebel (2008) to accommodate Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus. This was not widely accepted, but recent molecular work (Ignatov, Ignatova, et al. 2019) has supported the idea. 64 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. 281 Loeskeobryum Broth. 1 L. brevirostre (Brid.) M.Fleisch. 282 Pleurozium Mitt. 1 P. schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. 283 Rhytidiadelphus (Limpr.) Warnst. 1 R. loreus (Hedw.) Warnst. 2 R. squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. 3 R. subpinnatus (Lindb.) T.J.Kop. Rhytidiaceae Broth. 284 Rhytidium (Sull.) Kindb. 1 R. rugosum (Hedw.) Kindb. Entodontaceae Kindb. 285 Entodon Müll.Hal. 1 E. challengeri (Paris) Cardot 2 E. cladorrhizans (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. 3 E. concinnus (De Not.) Paris 4 E. schleicheri (Schimp.) Demet. Cryphaeaceae Schimp. 286 Cryphaea D.Mohr 1 C. heteromalla (Hedw.) D.Mohr 287 Dendrocryphaea Broth. 1 D. lamyana (Mont.) P.Rao Leucodontaceae Schimp. 288 Leucodon Schwägr. 1 L. canariensis (Brid.) Schwägr. 2 L. flagellaris Lindb. ex Broth.517 3 L. immersus Lindb.518 4 L. pendulus Lindb. 5 L. sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr. [Leucodon sciuroides var. morensis (Schwägr.) De Not.]519 6 L. treleasei (Cardot) Paris 289 Nogopterium Crosby & W.R.Buck [Pterogonium Sw. nom. illeg.]520 1 N. gracile (Hedw.) Crosby & W.R.Buck [Pterogonium gracile (Hedw.) Sm.] Antitrichiaceae Ignatov & Ignatova 290 Antitrichia Brid. 517 1 A. californica Sull. 2 A. curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. Neckeraceae Schimp. 291 Alleniella S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt521 1 A. besseri (Lobarz.) S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt [Neckera besseri (Lobarz.) Jur.] 2 A. complanata (Hedw.) S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt [Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener] 292 Exsertotheca S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt522 1 E. baetica (J.Guerra) Draper, GonzálezMancebo, O.Werner, J.Patiño & Ros [Neckera baetica J.Guerra ]523 2 E. crispa (Hedw.) S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt [Neckera crispa Hedw.] 3 E. intermedia (Brid.) S.Olsson, Enroth & D.Quandt [Neckera intermedia Brid.] 293 Homalia (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. 1 H. lusitanica Schimp. 2 H. trichomanoides (Hedw.) Brid. 294 Iwatsukiella W.R.Buck & H.A.Crum524 1 I. leucotricha (Mitt.) W.R.Buck & H.A.Crum 295 Leptodon D.Mohr 1 L. corsicus Enroth, Sotiaux, D.Quandt & Vanderp.525 2 L. longisetus Mont. [Cryptoleptodon longisetus (Mont.) Enroth]526 3 L. smithii (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr 296 Neckera Hedw. 1 N. cephalonica Jur. & Unger 2 N. menziesii Drumm. 3 N. oligocarpa Bruch 4 N. pennata Hedw. 5 N. pumila Hedw. 297 Pseudanomodon (Limpr.) Ignatov & Fedosov527 1 P. attenuatus (Hedw.) Ignatov & Fedosov [Anomodon attenuatus (Hedw.) Huebener] Werner, Rodriguez-Atienza, et al. (2015) confirmed the status of Leucodon flagellaris. Werner, Rodriguez-Atienza, et al. (2015) confirmed the status of Leucodon immersus. Werner, Rodriguez-Atienza, et al. (2015) found no substantial basis for retaining Leucodon sciuroides var. morensis. 520 Although familiar through long use, Pterogonium is an illegitimate name. It was replaced by Nogopterium (an anagram) by Crosby and Buck (2011). 521 Alleniella was segregated from Neckera by Olsson et al. (2011). 522 Exsertotheca was segregated from Neckera by Draper, González-Mancebo, et al. (2011). 523 Neckera baetica was described by Guerra, Jiménez-Martínez, Jiménez (2010) and transferred to Exsertotheca by Olsson et al. (2011). 524 Iwatsukiella has been placed in the Heterocladiaceae Ignatov & Ignatova, but this family name is illegitimate, having previously been used for a family of algae. Therefore the genus is temporarily placed in Neckeraceae until another name is substituted. 525 Leptodon corsicus, apparently a Corsican endemic, was described by Sotiaux et al. (2009). 526 Cryptoleptodon longisetus was transferred to Leptodon by Olsson et al. (2011). 527 Pseudanomodon was established for Anomodon attenuatus after molecular studies showed it to be deeply nested in the Neckeraceae (Ignatov, Fedorova, et al. 2019). 518 519 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY 298 Thamnobryum Nieuwl. 1 T. alopecurum (Hedw.) Gangulee 2 T. angustifolium (Holt) Nieuwl.528 3 T. cataractarum N.G.Hodgetts & Blockeel529 4 T. fernandesii Sérgio530 5 T. maderense (Kindb.) Hedenäs 6 T. neckeroides (Hook.) E.Lawton 7 T. rudolphianum Mastracci 8 T. subserratum (Hook. ex Harv.) Nog. & Z.Iwats.531 Heterocladiellaceae Ignatov & Fedosov532 299 Heterocladiella Ignatov & Fedosov 1 H. dimorpha (Brid.) Ignatov & Fedosov [Heterocladium dimorphum (Brid.) Schimp.] 5 I. montanum Draper, Hedenäs, M.Stech, T.Lopes & Sim-Sim535 6 I. myosuroides Brid. [Isothecium myosuroides subsp. brevinerve Kindb.]536 7 I. prolixum (Mitt.) M.Stech, Sim-Sim, Tangney & D.Quandt [Echinodium prolixum (Mitt.) Broth.]537 Echinodiaceae Broth. 302 Echinodium Jur. 1 E. renauldii (Cardot) Broth. 2 E. setigerum (Mitt.) Jur. 3 E. spinosum (Mitt.) Jur. 303 Pseudomalia Enroth538 1 P. webbiana (Mont.) Enroth [Homalia webbiana (Mont.) Schimp., Neckera webbiana (Mont.) Düll] Lembophyllaceae Broth. 300 Heterocladium Bruch & Schimp.533 1 H. flaccidum (Schimp.) A.J.E.Sm. 2 H. heteropterum (Brid.) Schimp. 3 H. wulfsbergii I.Hagen Myuriaceae M.Fleisch.539 304 Andoa Ochyra 1 A. berthelotiana (Mont.) Ochyra 301 305 Ctenidium (Schimp.) Mitt. 1 C. molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt.540 306 Hyocomium Bruch & Schimp. 1 H. armoricum (Brid.) Wijk & Margad. 307 Myurium Schimp. 1 M. hochstetteri (Schimp.) Kindb. 528 Isothecium Brid. 1 I. algarvicum W.E.Nicholson & Dixon 2 I. alopecuroides (Lam. ex Dubois) Isov. 3 I. holtii Kindb. 4 I. interludens Stirt. [Isothecium myosuroides var. brachythecioides (Dixon) 534 Braithw.] 65 Furness and Gilbert (1980) showed that Thamnobryum angustifolium maintains its characters distinct from Thamnobryum alopecurum in culture. There are at least three distinct morphological features that distinguish this species from Thamnobryum alopecurum. Hodgetts and Blockeel (1992) considered it to be more closely related to Thamnobryum cataractarum and the Madeiran Thamnobryum fernandesii than to Thamnobryum alopecurum. However, more recent molecular work by Olsson et al. (2009) suggests that, while Thamnobryum angustifolium is undoubtedly a distinct entity morphologically, colonies of this plant (and of the other narrowly endemic Thamnobryum species) may originate from the surrounding subpopulations of Thamnobryum alopecurum. In this case, the two subpopulations of Thamnobryum angustifolium are independently derived from local Thamnobryum alopecurum, and have evolved convergently in response to the rheophilous habitat (Blockeel et al. 2014). 529 Olsson et al. (2009) used molecular techniques to suggest that, like Thamnobryum angustifolium, Thamnobryum cataractarum may be a local derivative of Thamnobryum alopecurum, evolving convergently in response to its habitat (Blockeel et al. 2014). 530 Recent molecular work by Olsson et al. (2009) suggests that while Thamnobryum fernandesii is a distinct entity, colonies may, like Thamnobryum angustifolium and Thamnobryum cataractarum, originate from surrounding colonies of Thamnobryum alopecurum. 531 Köckinger, Suanjak, et al. (2008), when reporting Thamnobryum subserratum from Austria, pointed out that it was first given for Europe by Mastracci (2003), in which Figure 2 (l, m) was drawn from a collection from Latvia (Kurland, leg. Malta, Z.). 532 The new family Heterocladiellaceae was proposed to accommodate Heterocladium dimorphum. The taxonomic position of this species is still uncertain, but the genetic differentiation was considered sufficient to place it in a separate genus and family close to Echinodiaceae, Lembophyllaceae and Neckeraceae (Ignatov, Fedorova, et al. 2019). 533 Heterocladium has been placed in the Heterocladiaceae Ignatov & Ignatova, but this family name is illegitimate, having previously been used for a family of algae. It was temporarily placed in the Neckeraceae until molecular evidence showed that it is best placed in the Lembophyllaceae (Ignatov, Fedorova, et al. 2019). 534 Hodgetts and Vanderpoorten (2018) returned Isothecium myosuroides var. brachythecioides to species level on the basis of molecular and morphological evidence. 535 Isothecium montanum, a Madeiran endemic, was described by Draper, Hedenäs, et al. (2015). 536 The features characterising Isothecium myosuroides subsp. brevinerve are very plastic and have no taxonomic value. The authorship of this subspecies is ‘Kindb.’ rather than ‘Lindb.’, as it was listed in Hill et al. (2006). 537 Echinodium prolixum was transferred to Isothecium by Stech et al. (2008). 538 On the basis of molecular studies, Pseudomalia was established as a new genus in the Echinodiaceae to accommodate Homalia webbiana (Enroth et al. 2019), a species long suspected not to belong in the Neckeraceae (Olsson et al. 2009). 539 Andoa, Ctenidium and Myurium form a well supported clade in Huttunen, Bell, et al. (2012). Furthermore, these three genera plus Hyocomium form a clade in Cox et al. (2010). 540 There continues to be no firm basis for any of the infraspecific taxa of Ctenidium molluscum, so the treatment of Hill et al. (2006) is continued. 66 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Anomodontaceae Kindb. 308 Anomodon Hook. & Taylor [Anomodontella Ignatov & Fedosov, Anomodontopsis Ignatov & Fedosov, [Haplohymenium Schwägr.]541 1 A. longifolius (Schleich. ex Brid.) Hartm. [Anomodontella longifolia (Schleich. ex Brid.) Ignatov & Fedosov] 2 A. rugelii (Müll.Hal.) Keissl. [Anomodontopsis rugelii (Müll.Hal.) Ignatov & Fedosov] 3 A. tristis (Ces.) Sull. & Lesq. [Haplohymenium triste (Ces.) Kindb.] 4 A. viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Taylor Taxa rejected from the covered area The following taxa have been reported from the area but have been shown not to occur there. Taxa reported from ‘Europe’ without any further information and which are clearly errors are not included in the list below. There are about 150 liverwort names (mostly subspecific names) with types from Europe that have not been recognised recently, nor synonymized. Some of those names are so old that they may threaten accepted names if their true identity becomes known. Some of the names in Jungermannia were enumerated in Söderström, Hagborg, et al. (2016). Liverworts Acrobolbus anisodontus (Hook.f. & Taylor) Briscoe [Tylimanthus anisodontus (Hook.f. & Taylor) Mitt.] was reported from Madeira by Stephani (1905) but rejected as Acrobolbus madeirensis by Grolle and Persson (1966), and from the Azores by Allorge and Allorge (1948) but rejected as Acrobolbus azoricus. Acrobolbos ciliatus (Mitt.) Schiffn. is reported from Britain (coll. D. G. Long 29767, E) by Masuzaki et al. (2010) but this is an error for Acrobolbus wilsonii (D. G. Long, pers. comm.). Acrobolbus laxus (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Briscoe is reported from the Azores and Madeira by Burghardt and Gradstein (2008) but their concept included Acrobolbus azoricus and Acrobolbus madeirensis to which the reports belong. Asterella blumeana (Nees) Kachroo is a southeast Asian taxon reported as Fimbraria blumeana Nees from Italy by Tassi (1901) but rejected by Aleffi and Schumacker (1995). Asterella elegans (Spreng.) Trevis. is a South American taxon reported from Corsica as Fimbraria elegans 541 Spreng by Casares-Gil (1919) but this is rejected by Bischler and Jovet-Ast (1973). Asterella marginata (Nees) S.W.Arnell was reported from Madeira as Fimbraria marginata Nees by Gottsche et al. (1846) but this must be rejected. It is a southern African taxon. Asterella pringlei Underw. is an American taxon reported from Italy as Fimbraria stahlii Steph. by Tassi (1901) but this is rejected by Aleffi and Schumacker (1995). Asterella tenella (L.) P.Beauv. is a North American taxon reported as Fimbraria tenella L. from several places in Europe during the 19th centuary, but all reports are rejected by Long (2006). Asterella wallichiana (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Grolle is an E Asian taxon reported from Italy as Fimbraria raddii Corda ex Nees (type). However, the type is probably from Himalaya and certainly not from Europe (Long 2006). Bazzania denudata (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Trevis. is a taxon from North America and East Asia reported many times from central and western Europe but rejected from here by Schuster (1969). Blepharostoma arachnoideum M.Howe is a North American taxon reported from Polar Ural by Zinovjeva (1973) but rejected as B. trichophyllum subsp. brevirete by Konstantinova and Potemkin (1994). Cephalozia lucens (A.Evans) Steph. is a taxon from Hawaii reported from Italy by Rhodegher (1896) but rejected by Aleffi (2005). Cephaloziella mammillifera R.M.Schust. & Damsh. is an American taxon reported from ‘Europe’ by Stotler and Crandall-Stotler (2017). This taxon was treated as a questioned synonym of Cephaloziella varians var. scabra by Damsholt (2002) and if this synonym is correct, the taxon does occur in Europe. Cephaloziella verrucosa Steph. is a taxon from the Southern Hemisphere that has erroneously been reported from Svalbard (Bryhn 1909), probably due to nomenclatural confusion. Cyathodium spurium (Dicks.) Lindb. ex Braithw. may be conspecific with Cyathodium cavernarum (Braithwaite 1878). The type specimen is from Scotland, but it is probably mislabelled as no Cyathodium is known from boreal Europe. Frullania davurica Hampe ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees. has been reported several times from Europe, mostly because it has sometimes included Frullania jackii as a subspecies [F. davurica subsp. jackii (Gottsche) S.Hatt.]. Frullania inflata Gottsche is shown to be a complex species confined in a restricted sense to North America while the European populations must be Ignatov, Fedorova, et al. (2019) established the genera Anomodontopsis (for Anomodon rugelii) and Anomodontella (for Anomodon longifolius), and resurrected Haplohymenium (for Anomodon tristis). Although Ignatov, Fedorova, et al. (2019) show different lineages ‘within the Anomodontaceae’, the same study gives support for a clade that includes all the species of Anomodon s.lat. except Anomodon attenuatus, so a relatively conservative approach is adopted here in order to avoid the unnecessary proliferation of small genera. JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY named Frullania cleistostoma (Mamontov, Potemkin, et al. 2018). Frullania muscicola Steph. is an Asiatic taxon reported from Europe as a putative synonym (variety) of F. cesatiana (=Frullania inflata; see note under the latter). Frullania obscurifolia Mitt. is an African taxon reported by Dirkse et al. (1993) but rejected as Frullania azorica by González-Mancebo et al. (2008). Herbertus dicranus (Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees) Trevis. has (sometimes as Herbertus sakuraii (Warnst.) S.Hatt.) been reported from Norway and Scotland (Konstantinova 2000a; Hodgetts 2003) due to the inclusion of the now rejected synonymy with Herbertus borealis. The unsupported mention of ‘Madeira’ (Juslén 2006) is an obvious error for Madagascar. Heteroscyphus integrifolius (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Fulford is a taxon from South America reported from Italy by Rodegher (1896) but rejected by Aleffi (2005). Jubula hutchinsiae subsp. javanica (Steph.) Verd. is an Asiatic taxon. It was supposed to be the subspecies occurring in Caucasus prior to the description of subsp. caucasica. It has also erroneously been reported from other parts of Europe and Macaronesia. Jubula hutchinsiae subsp. pennsylvanica (Steph.) Verd. is the North American subspecies that has been reported erroneously from Ireland, France, Macaronesia and Caucasus. Jungermannia exsertifolia Steph. is an East Asiatic species reported from Europe on the basis that it includes Jungermannia eucordifolia as a subspecies, but Mamontov, Konstantinova, et al. (2018) showed that the latter deserves specific rank. Kurzia makinoana (Steph.) Grolle is a species from North America and East Asia that has been reported from several places in Europe since Grolle (1963) included Kurzia sylvatica as synonym. However, this synonymy was rejected by Grolle (1973). Lejeunea laetevirens Nees & Mont. is a primarly South American taxon but with close affinity to Lejeunea canariensis. Unless conspecific with the latter, Lejeunea laetevirens is not found in Macaronesia. Lophocolea humistrata (Hook.f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees is endemic to St Helena but was noted also from Madeira by Stephani (1907). Lophoziopsis propagulifera (Gottsche) Konstant. & Vilnet is a Southern Hemisphere taxon that was considered conspecific with Lophoziopsis latifolia by Bakalin (2005) but the synonymy was rejected by Köckinger (2017) and this is supported by ongoing unpublished molecular research by N. Konstantinova et al. Metzgeria temperata Kuwah. is a primarily E Asiatic taxon that has been recorded from all around the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe and Macaronesia. However, the European and E Asiatic specimens are not identical (cf. Köckinger 2017) and for the 67 present the name Metzgeria consanguinea is used (see note also under that name). Microlejeunea diversiloba (Spruce) Müll.Frib. is an American taxon that was described from Mexico under the name Lejeunea diversifolia Gottsche and reported from Ireland by Spruce (1876a). However, there exists an older Lejeunea diversifolia Mitt. (from the Himalaya), and Spruce (1876b) changed the name to Lejeunea diversiloba. It was subsequently reported from the Azores and Ireland by Allorge and Persson (1938). Grolle (1975) concluded that the Irish material was not the same as the Mexican type and re-described it as Lejeunea hibernica. All reports outside America should belong here. Plagiochila javanica (Sw.) Nees & Mont. is a taxon from southeast Asia that Gottsche et al. (1844) reported from the Canary Islands (leg. Webb) but this was rejected by Inoue (1969) who could not locate any specimen supporting the report. Plagiochila patula (Sw.) Lindenb. is an American species reported from Canary Islands (Dirkse et al. 1993) and Madeira (Nieuwkoop and Arts 1995), both as Plagiochila dubia Lindenb. & Gottsche, but this was rejected as Plagiochila virginica by Heinrichs, Pröschold et al. (2002). Plagiochila uniformis Mitt. is a taxon from southeast Asia reported by Stephani (1903) as Plagiochila ambagiosa Mitt. from Ireland. Stephani’s concept of P. ambagiosa was, however, not the same as the taxon described by Mitten, but rather belonging to Plagiochila spinulosa. Porella navicularis (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Pfeiff. is an American taxon reported from several places in central Europe, mostly during the 19th century, but also a few times more recently. Porella platyphylloidea (Schwein.) Lindb. is frequently reported from Europe. It has sometimes been considered synonymous with Porella platyphylla but the study by Heinrichs, Kreier, et al. (2011) shows that the European and American populations of Porella platyphylla/platyphylloidea are different and only Porella platyphylla occurs in Europe. Riccia bullosa Link is described with two syntypes, one from South Africa and the other from Portugal. The lectotype is from South Africa and it is not conspecific with the European taxon (Grolle and Long 2000), the latter being Exormotheca welwitschii. All reports from Europe are based on this confusion. Riccia concava Bisch. ex C.Krauss is a taxon from southern Africa reported from the Canary Islands as Riccia capensis Steph. by Arnell (1961) and Eggers (1982) but rejected by Perold (1989a). Riccia limbata Bisch. ex C.Krauss is another taxon from southern Africa reported from the Canary Islands by Arnell (1961) and Eggers (1982) but this is rejected by Perold (1989b) as Riccia nigrella. 68 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Riccia oerstediana Lindenb. & Hampe is an American taxon that Schuster (1992b, as Riccia stenophylla Spruce) assumed was the taxon reported as fertile Riccia fluitans from Europe. However, this has never been verified. Riella parisii Gottsche is reported twice from Europe, Andalucia in Spain (Müller 1953) and in SE France (Skrzypczak 2001). The Spanish report was rejected by Brugués et al. (2011) and the French report by Hugonnot (2019). It is now known only from Algeria and Tunisia. Sphaerocarpos texanus Austin is reported as widely distributed in Europe but it is shown by Bell et al. (2013) that the European populations are genetically very distinct from the American populatiopns, although the morphological differences are small. Sphaerocarpos europaeus should be used for the European species. Telaranea nematodes (Gottsche ex Austin) M.Howe is a neotropical-tropical African species which in the past has been reported from several places in southwestern Europe and Macaronesia but Engel and Smith Merrill (2004) showed that the European and Macaronesian populations represent a different taxon, Telaranea europaea. Telaranea sejuncta (Ångstr.) S.W.Arnell is an American species that has been treated as a synonym of Telaranea nematodes and reported from Europe under this name. Those reports represents Telaranea europaea. Mosses Amphidium tortuosum (Hornsch.) Cufod. is a widespread species in the tropics. The Macaronesian endemic Amphidium curvipes was synonymised with Amphidium tortuosum by Frahm et al. (2000), but SimSim et al. (2017) showed that Amphidium curvipes is indeed distinct. Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. is a widespread tropical species, which has been transferred to Hydrogonium, as H. orientale (F.Weber) Kučera, by Kučera, Košnar, et al. (2013). All European records of ‘B. indica’ refer to H. consanguineum var. kurilense (Kučera, Košnar, et al. 2013). Bartramia stricta Brid. is considered by Damayanti et al. (2012) to be restricted to South America. See footnote on Bartramia aprica above. Brachymenium commutatum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger is excluded following a revision of the specimens from Europe by Ros, Rams, et al. (2007). Brachytheciastrum fendleri (Sull.) Ochyra & Żarnowiec is a North American species; all European records of B. fendleri refer to B. collinum (Orgaz et al. 2013). Brotherella henonii (Duby) M.Fleisch. is an east Asian species; molecular studies are needed to support the proposed synonymy of Brotherella lorentziana (Frahm 2013) with this species. Bryum philonotulum Müll.Hal. is a synonym of Pohlia philonotula (Müll.Hal.) Broth., a little-known African species, and not to be confused with Bryum philonotulum Hampe, listed here as a synonym of Bryum kikuyense. Cinclidotus pachylomoides Bizot is a mainly Asian species; European records have not been confirmed and it is considered very doubtful that this species occurs in Europe. Drepanocladus longifolius (Mitt.) Paris is an exclusively Southern Hemisphere species; Saługa et al. (2018) showed that European records of this species should be referred to Drepanocladus capillifolius. Lindbergia brachyptera (Mitt.) Kindb. occurs only in North America (Ignatova, Ignatov, et al. 2010). Pohlia saprophila (Müll.Hal.) Broth. has been removed from European list as the European Russian records were based on misidentifications of Pohlia longicolla (Czernyadjeva et al. 2017). Sanionia georgicouncinata (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra & Hedenäs is a Southern Hemisphere species distinct from S. nivalis (Hedenäs 2012). Sphagnum lescurii Sull. is a North American species that has been reported from Europe in the past (e.g. by Corley et al. 1981). European records refer to Sphagnum auriculatum and Sphagnum inundatum. Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. has been shown to be confined to southern South America (Hassel et al. 2018). Tortella arctica (Arnell) Crundw. & Nyholm has not been reliably reported from Europe; see note on T. x cuspidatissima above. Taxa only occurring in areas adjacent to the covered area The following taxa have not yet been found in Europe or northern Macaronesia, but occur just outside the area (in Cape Verde, North Africa, Turkey, Georgia, Azerbadjan, Armenia or western Siberia). Information for liverworts has been obtained from the ELPT database (Söderström, Hagborg, et al. 2019) and for mosses mainly from Ignatov, Afonina, et al. (2006), Kürschner and Erdağ (2005), O’Shea (2006 with updates) and Ros, Mazimpaka, et al. (2013). Some of these taxa are obscure and known only from the original collections; others are mainly American or Pacific species which need to be confirmed in the territories listed. Liverworts Acrolejeunea emergens (Mitt.) Steph. (Cape Verde) Cheilolejeunea xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Malombe (Cape Verde) Cyathodium cavernarum Kunze (Cape Verde) Frullania socotrana Mitt. (Cape Verde) Frullania spongiosa Steph. (Cape Verde) Lejeunea capensis Gottsche (Cape Verde) JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY Lophozia lacerata N.Kitag. (Georgia) Lophoziopsis excisa var. infuscata (R.M.Schust. & Damsh.) Konstant. & Vilnet (Yamal-Nenets) Lophoziopsis excisa var. succulenta (R.M.Schust. & Damsh.) Konstant. & Vilnet (Yamal-Nenets) Marchantia debilis K.I.Goebel (Morocco, Egypt) Marchantia pappeana Lehm. subsp. pappeana (Cape Verde) Plagiochasma eximium (Schiffn.) Steph. (Cape Verde) Plagiochasma microcephalum (Steph.) Steph. var. tunesicum Bischl. (Tunisia) Pleurozia gigantea (F.Weber) Lindb. (Cape Verde) Prasanthus jamalicus Potemkin (Yamal-Nenets) Radula prolifera Arnell (Yamal-Nenets) Riccia chudoana Steph. (Algeria) Riccia congoana Steph. (Egypt) Riccia mamillata Trab. ex Steph. (Algeria) Riccia polycarpa (Trab.) Jelenc (Algeria) Riella cyrenaica Maire (Libya) Riella numidica Trab. (Morocco, Algeria, Libya) Riella parisii Gottsche (Algeria, Tunisia) Riella sersuensis Trab. (Algeria) Scapania brevicaulis Taylor (western Siberia) Scapania cuspiduligera var. diplophyllopsis R.M.Schust. (Yamal-Nenets) Scapania microdonta (Mitt.) Müll.Frib. (Sverdlovsk) Solenostoma lignicola (Schiffn.) Váňa, Hentschel & Heinrichs (Turkey) Solenostoma subtilissimum (Schiffn.) R.M.Schust. (Turkey) Syzygiella manca (Mont.) Steph. (Cape Verde) Mosses Acaulon longifolium Herrnst. & Heyn (Israel) Aulacomnium acuminatum (Lindb. & Arnell) Kindb. (Arctic Western Siberia) Brachymenium acuminatum Harv. (Cape Verde) Brachymenium commutatum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger (Algeria, Tunisia) Brachymenium exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch. & Sande Lac. (Algeria, Cape Verde, Lebanon) Brachytheciastrum bellicum (W.R.Buck, J.A.Jiménez, Ros & M.J.Cano) Vanderp., Ignatov, Huttunen & Goffinet (Morocco) Brachytheciastrum umbilicatum (Jur. & Milde) Orgaz, M.J.Cano & J.Guerra (Turkey) Bryum anomodon Mont. (Cape Verde) Bryum atrovirens Brid. (Turkey) Calohypnum plumiforme (Wilson) Jan Kučera & Ignatov (Georgia) Cinclidotus bistratosus Kürschner & Lübenau-Nestle (Turkey) Cinclidotus pachyloma E.S.Salmon (Israel, Lebanon, Turkey) Cinclidotus vardaranus Erdağ & Kürschner (Turkey) Crumia latifolia (Kindb.) W.B.Schofield (Armenia) 69 Didymodon caboverdeanus J.A.Jiménez & M.J.Cano (Cape Verde) Didymodon tectorum (Müll.Hal.) K.Saito (Egypt) Entodon pseudoseductrix (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger (Cape Verde) Entodontopsis leucostega (Brid.) W.R.Buck & Ireland (Cape Verde) Entosthodon angustifolius Jur. & Milde (Jordan, Libya, Turkey) Entosthodon niloticus Schimp. (Egypt) Epipterygium rigidum Lindb. ex Broth. (Georgia) Erpodium grossirete Müll.Hal. (Cape Verde) Erpodium perrottetii (Mont.) A.Jaeger & Sauerb. (Cape Verde) Fabronia gueinzii Hampe (Morocco) Fabronia leikipiae Müll.Hal. (Cape Verde) Fissidens allorgei P.de la Varde (Cape Verde) Fissidens androgynus Bruch ex C.Krauss (Cape Verde) Fissidens dankelmannii Müll.Hal. (Cape Verde) Fissidens flaccidus Mitt. (Cape Verde) Fissidens megalotis Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. subsp. helictocaulos (Müll.Hal.) Brugg.-Nann. (Cape Verde) Fissidens sciophyllus Mitt.(Cape Verde) Fissidens usambaricus Broth. (Cape Verde) Fontinalis antipyretica var. heldreichii (Müll.Hal.) Ruthe (Turkey) Funaria altissima Dixon (Algeria) Funaria chevalieri P.de la Varde (Cape Verde) Groutiella tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk & Marg. (Cape Verde) Gymnostomiella erosula (Müll.Hal. ex Dusén) Arts (Cape Verde) Gymnostomiella vernicosa (Hook. ex Harv.) M.Fleisch. (Cape Verde) Herpetineuron toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Cardot (Cape Verde) Hookeria acutifolia Hook. & Grev. (Georgia, Turkey) Hydrogonium arcuatum (Griff.) Wijk & Margad. (Egypt) Hydrogonium orientale (F.Weber) Jan Kučera (Cape Verde, Egypt) Hymenostylium congoanum Dixon & Naveau (Cape Verde) Hymenostylium hildebrandtii (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander (Morocco) Leptodictyum kurdicum (Schiffn.) Broth. (Turkey) Leucodon bowringii Mitt. (Turkey) Leucodon coreensis Cardot (Turkey) Molendoa seravschanica Broth. & Györffy (Arctic Western Siberia) Orthotrichum urnaceum Müll.Hal. (Armenia, Azerbaijan) Palamocladium leskeoides (Hook.) E.Britton (Cape Verde) Perssonia sanguinea Bizot (Cape Verde) Philonotis laxitexta J.Fröhl. (Lebanon) Philonotis nanothecioidea Paris & Broth. (Cape Verde) Physcomitrium immersum Sull. (Egypt) Physcomitrium niloticum (Delile) Müll.Hal. (Egypt) Platygyrella densa (Hook.) W.R.Buck (Cape Verde) 70 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Plaubelia sprengelii (Schwägr.) R.H.Zander (Egypt) Pohlia alba Lindb. & Arnell (Western Siberia) Pohlia saprophila (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (Kazakhstan) Pseudoleskeopsis bollei (Broth. & Geh.) P.Rao (Cape Verde) Pseudoleskeopsis pseudoattenuata (Müll.Hal.) Thér. (Cape Verde) Rhizomnium striatulum (Mitt.) T.J.Kop. (Turkey) Schistidium cinclidodonteum (Müll.Hal.) B.Bremer (Morocco) Sphagnum lescurii Sull. & Lesq. (Turkey, if correct; this is a North American species) Sphagnum perfoliatum L.I.Savicz (Western Siberia and Arctic Western Siberia) Splachnobryum aquaticum Müll.Hal. (Jordan) Splachnobryum limbatum D.H.Norris & R.H.Zander (Egypt) Syntrichia amphidiacea (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander (Cape Verde) Syntrichia caninervis var. pseudodesertorum (Vondr.) M.T.Gallego (Turkey) Tortella malacophylla (Müll.Hal.) Paris (Turkey) Tortula acaulon var. galilaea (Herrnst. & Heyn) Ros & Herrnst. (Israel) Tortula grandiretis Broth. (Turkey) Tortula kneuckeri Broth. & Geh. (Egypt) Tortula plinthobia (Sull. & Lesq.) Broth. (Egypt) Weissia breutelii Müll.Hal. (Israel, Turkey) Weissia leptocarpa Schimp. ex Besch. (Turkey, if accepted as a species – see annotation 160 in Hill et al. 2006) Weissia ovatifolia Kürschner (Jordan) Weissia sinaloensis E.B.Bartram (Egypt) Acknowledgements Thanks are due to the large number of bryologists whose research, expertise and experience has been drawn on in the preparation of this checklist. This project would not have been possible, or at least would have been much more difficult, without the initial Red List project, which was financed chiefly through an EC LIFE project. All the bryologists who attended the five workshop meetings or otherwise answered our questions or helped in any way during that project have contributed directly or indirectly to this checklist: Elvira Baisheva, Ariel Bergamini, Irene Bisang, Patrizia Campisi, Annalena Cogoni, Tomas Hallingbäck, Marko Sabovljević, Norbert Schnyder, Cecilia Sérgio, Olga Afonina, Rosalina Gabriel, César Garcia, Juana González Mancebo, Irina Goldberg, Anders Hagborg, Sanna Huttunen, Elena Ignatova, Marta Infante, Riikka Juutinen, Thomas Kiebacher, Niklas Lönnell, Michael Lüth, Anabela Martins, Oleg Maslovsky, Gordon Rothero, Sorin Ştefa nuţ, Kimmo Syrjänen, Alain Untereiner, ̵ Jiri VáňaI, Alain Vanderpoorten, Kai Vellak, Michele Aleffi, Jeff Bates, Maude Baudraz, Des Callaghan, Nils Cronberg, Jo Denyer, Jeff Duckett, Heinjo During, Vladimir Fedosov, Anna Ganeva, Piotr Gorski, Urban Gunnarsson, Kristian Hassel, Helena Hespanhol, Mark Hill, Rory Hodd, Kristofer Hylander, Nele Ingerpuu, Sanna Laaka-Lindberg, David Long, Vicente Mazimpaka, Anna Mežaka, Frank Müller, Jose David Orgaz, Jairo Patiño, Sharon Pilkington, Felisa Puche, Rosa M. Ros, Fred Rumsey, J. G. Segarra-Moragues, Ana Séneca, Adam Stebel, Risto Virtanen, Henrik Weibull, Jo Wilbraham and Jan Żarnowiec. We are grateful to the following current or former IUCN staff, who led the Red List workshop meetings and did a lot of behind-the-scenes work: David Allen, Marta Cálix, Eve Englefield, Catarina Ferreira, Nicholas Fettes, Mariana García Criado and Ana Nieto. NGH would like to give special thanks to the Irish National Parks and Wildlife Service for providing funding for a year to work on the checklist and to Ed Wymer of the Irish National Parks and Wildlife Service for doing a useful computer check that resulted in the elimination of several errors and inconsistencies. The NTNU, Trondheim, and National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Culture, Heritage & the Gaeltacht, Dublin are thanked for funding the Open Access. We are grateful to Phil Stanley for all his help with compiling the index. ORCID L. 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Index A. lindenbergianus 9 Aithobryum = Didymodon 37 A. bistratosum = Didymodon bistratosus 37 Alleniella 64 A. besseri 64 A. complanata 64 Aloina 36 A. aloides 36 A. ambigua 36 A. bifrons 36 A. brevirostris 36 A. humilis 36 A. obliquifolia 36 A. rigida 36 Alophosia 29 A. azorica 29 Amblyodon 48 A. dealbatus 48 AMBLYSTEGIACEAE 2, 8, 56, 57 Amblystegioideae 56 Amblystegium 56 A. confervoides = Serpoleskea confervoides 58 A. radicale = Pseudocampylium radicale 58 A. serpens 56 var. salinum = Amblystegium serpens 56 A. subtile = Pseudoamblystegium subtile 58 A. varium = Hygroamblystegium varium 57 AMPHIDIACEAE 7, 33 Amphidium 33 A. curvipes 33, 68 A. lapponicum 33 A. mougeotii 33 [A. tortuosum] 68 A. tortuosum auct. eur. = Amphidium curvipes 33 Anacamptodon 56, 57 A. sauteri = Microhypnum sauteri 57 A. splachnoides 56 Anacolia 47 A. laevisphaera = Bartramia laevisphaera 47 A. menziesii 47 A. webbii 47 Anastrepta 9 This index enumerates all names mentioned in the text, accepted taxa as well as synonyms. Taxa in bold are accepted taxa occurring in Europe or northern Macaronesia and taxa in square brackets are taxa only occurring outside the area. Abietinella 59 A. abietina 59 var. abietina 59 var. hystricosa 59 Acanthocoleus 22 A. aberrans 22 [var. aberrans] 22 var. laevis 22 Acaulon 36 A. casasianum 36 A. dertosense 36 A. fontiquerianum 36 [A. longifolium] 69 A. mediterraneum 36 A. muticum 36 A. piligerum 36 A. triquetrum 36 Achrophyllum 55 A. dentatum 4, 55 ACROBOLBACEAE 6, 15 Acrobolboideae 15 Acrobolbus 16 [A. anisodontus] 66 A. azoricus 16, 66 [A. ciliatus] 66 [A. laxus] 66 A. madeirensis 16, 66 A. wilsonii 16, 66 [var. andinus] 16 var. wilsonii 16 [Acrolejeunea emergens] 68 ADELANTHACEAE 6, 9 Adelanthoideae 9 Adelanthus 9 A. section Lindenbergiani 9 A. decipiens = Pseudomarsupidium decipiens 9 84 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. A. orcadensis 9 ANASTROPHYLLACEAE 6, 9 Anastrophyllum 9, 10 A. alpinum 9 A. assimile 9 var. nardioides = Anastrophyllum assimile 9 A. cavifolium = Orthocaulis cavifolius 10 A. donnianum 9 A. hellerianum = Crossocalyx hellerianus 9 A. joergensenii 9 A. michauxii 9 A. minutum = Sphenolobus minutus 10 var. weberi = Sphenolobus minutus 10 A. saxicola = Sphenolobus saxicola 10 A. sphenoloboides = Schizophyllopsis sphenoloboides 10 Andoa 65 A. berthelotiana 65 Andreaea 29 A. section Andreaea 29 A. section Chasmocalyx 29 A. section Nerviae 29 A. alpestris 29 A. alpina 29 A. alpina auct. mult. = Andreaea hookeri 29 A. blyttii 29 A. crassinervia 29 A. flexuosa 29 [subsp. flexuosa] 29 subsp. luisieri 29 A. frigida 29 A. hartmanii = Andreaea alpina 29 A. heinemannii 29 subsp. crassifolia 29 subsp. heinemannii 29 A. hookeri 29 A. megistospora 29 A. mutabilis 29 A. nivalis 29 A. obovata = Andreaea alpina 29 A. rothii 29 subsp. falcata 29 subsp. rothii 29 A. rupestris 29 var. alpestris = Andreaea alpestris 29 var. papillosa 29 var. rupestris 29 A. sinuosa 29 ANDREAEACEAE 7, 29 ANDREAEALES 7, 29 Andreaeidae 7 Andreaeopsida 7, 29 Aneura 23 A. latissima 23 A. maxima 23 A. mirabilis 23 A. pinguis 23 var. angustior = Aneura pinguis 23 var. denticulata = Aneura pinguis 23 var. fuscovirens = Aneura pinguis 23 A. pseudopinguis = A. latissima 23 ANEURACEAE 6, 23 Anisothecium palustre = Diobelonella palustris 33 Anoectangium 40 A. aestivum 40 A. angustifolium 40 A. handelii 40 A. hornschuchianum = Molendoa hornschuchiana 42 A. sendtnerianum = Molendoa hornschuchiana 42 A. schliephackii = Molendoa schliephackei 42 A. taeniatifolium = Molendoa taeniatifolia 42 A. warburgii = Molendoa warburgii 42 Anomobryum 3, 48 A. apiculatum 4, 5, 48 A. bavaricum = Bryum bavaricum 48 A. concinnatum 48 A. julaceum 48 A. lusitanicum 48 A. notarisii 5, 48 Anomodon 66 A. attenuatus = Pseudanomodon attenuatus 64, 66 A. longifolius 66 A. rostratus = Claopodium rostratum 58 A. rugelii 66 A. tristis 66 A. viticulosus 66 ANOMODONTACEAE 8, 66 Anomodontella = Anomodon 66 A. longifolia = Anomodon longifolius 66 Anomodontopsis = Anomodon 66 A. rugelii = Anomodon rugelii 66 Anthelia 16 A. julacea 16 A. juratzkana 16 ANTHELIACEAE 6, 16 Anthoceros 8 A. agrestis 8 A. caucasicus 8 A. neesii 8 A. punctatus 8 subsp. agrestis = Anthoceros agrestis 8 var. douinii = Anthoceros agrestis 8 ANTHOCEROTACEAE 6, 8 ANTHOCEROTALES 6, 8 Anthocerotidae 6 ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA 2, 6, 8 ANTHOCEROTOPSIDA 6, 8 Antitrichia 64 A. californica 64 A. curtipendula 64 ANTITRICHIACEAE 8, 64 Aongstroemia 33 A. longipes 33 AONGSTROEMIACEAE 7, 33 Aphanolejeunea = Cololejeunea 22 A. azorica = Cololejeunea azorica 22 A. madeirensis = Cololejeunea madeirensis 22 A. microscopica = Cololejeunea microscopica 22 A. sintenisii = Cololejeunea sintenisii 22 Aphanorrhegma = Physcomitrium 31 A. patens = Physcomitrium patens 31 Aplodon 48 A. wormskioldii 48 Apomarsupella = Gymnomitrion 16 A. revoluta = Gymnomitrion revolutum 16 Apometzgeria = Metzgeria 24 A. pubescens = Metzgeria pubescens 24 Apopellia 24 A. endiviifolia 24 Aquilonium 63 A. plicatulum 63 ARCHIDIACEAE 7, 32 Archidium 32 A. alternifolium 32 Arctoa 35 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY A. anderssonii 35 A. fulvella 35 A. hyperborea 35 Ardeuma = Hymenostylium 42 A. annotinum = Hymenostylium recurvirostrum var. insigne 42 A. insigne = Hymenostylium recurvirostrum var. insigne 42 A. recurvirostrum = Hymenostylium recurvirostrum var. recurvirostrum 42 Arnellia 16 A. fennica 16 ARNELLIACEAE 6, 16 Arvernella 56 A. microclada 56 Aschisma 40 A. carniolicum 40 A. cuynetii 40 Asterella = [Fimbraria] 25 A. subgenus Asterella 25 A. subgenus Phragmoblepharis 25 A. subgenus Saccatae 25 A. section Brachyblepharis 25 A. africana 25 [A. blumeana] 66 [A. elegans] 66 A. gracilis = Mannia gracilis 25 A. lindenbergiana 25 [A. marginata] 66 [A. pringlei] 66 A. saccata 25 [A. tenella] 66 [A. wallachiana] 66 Athalamia auct. eur. = Clevea 25 A. hyalina = Clevea hyalina 25 var. suecica = Athalamia hyalina 25 A. spathysii = Clevea spathysii 25 Atractylocarpus 32 A. alpinus 32 A. subporodictyon 32 Atrichum 29 [A. acuminatum] 69 A. androgynum 29 A. angustatum 29 A. crispum 4, 29 A. flavisetum 29 A. tenellum 29 A. undulatum 29 AULACOMNIACEAE 8, 55 AULACOMNIALES 8, 55 Aulacomnium 55 [A. acuminatum] 69 A. androgynum 55 A. palustre 55 A. turgidum 55 AYTONIACEAE 7, 25 Barbilophozia 9 B. subgenus Barbilophozia 9 B. subgenus Sudeticae 9 B. atlantica = Orthocaulis atlanticus 10 B. attenuata = Neoorthocaulis attenuatus 9 B. barbata 9 B. binsteadii = Neoorthocaulis binsteadii 10 B. floerkei = Neoorthocaulis floerkei 10 B. hatcheri 9 B. hyperborea = Neoorthocaulis hyperboreus 10 B. kunzeana = Schljakovia kunzeana 10 B. lycopodioides 9 B. quadriloba = Schljakovianthus quadrilobus 10 B. rubescens 9 B. sudetica 9 Barbula 36 B. amplexifolia = Hydrogonium amplexifolium 41 B. bicolor = Gymnobarbula bicolor 41 B. bolleana = Hydrogonium bolleanum 41 B. consanguinea = Hydrogonium consanguineum 41 B. convoluta = Streblotrichum convolutum 40 var. sardoa = Streblotrichum convolutum var. commutatum 40 B. crocea = Hydrogonium croceum 41 B. enderesii = Streblotrichum enderesii 40 [B. indica] 41, 68 B. unguiculata 36 Barbuloideae = Pottioideae 36 Bartramia 47 B. section Bartramia 47 B. section Pyridium 47 B. section Strictidium 47 B. aprica 47, 68 B. breviseta 47 B. halleriana 47 B. ithyphylla 47 B. laevisphaera 47 B. pomiformis 47 B. rosamrosiae = Bartramia aprica 47 [B. stricta] 68 B. stricta auct. eur.= Bartramia aprica 47 B. subulata 47 BARTRAMIACEAE 7, 47 BARTRAMIALES 7, 47 Bartramioideae 47 Bazzania 19 B. azorica 19 [B. denudata] 66 B. flaccida 19 B. pearsonii 19 B. tricrenata 19 [var. fulfordiae] 19 var. tricrenata 19 B. trilobata 19 var. depauperata 19 var. trilobata 19 Bazzanioideae 19 Biantheridion 9 B. undulifolium 9 Blasia 25 B. pusilla 25 BLASIACEAE 7, 25 BLASIALES 7, 25 Blasiidae 7 Blepharostoma 19 [B. arachnoideum] 66 B. trichophyllum 19 subsp. brevirete 19, 66 subsp. trichophyllum 19 var. brevirete = Blepharostoma trichophyllum subsp. brevirete 19 BLEPHAROSTOMATACEAE 6, 19 Blindia 43 B. acuta 43 B. caespiticia 43 Blindiadelphus 43 B. campylopodus 43 B. diversifolius 43 B. polaris 43 85 86 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. B. recurvatus 43 B. subimmersus 43 Brachiolejeuneeae (trib.) 22 Brachiolejeuneinae (subtrib.) 22 Brachydontium 43 B. trichodes 44 Brachymenium 3, 48, 49, 50, 60 [B. acuminatum] 69 [B. commutatum] 68, 69 [B. exile] 69 B. notarisii = Anomobryum notarisii 48 B. paradoxum 48 B. philonotula = Bryum kikuyense 49 BRACHYTHECIACEAE 8, 59 Brachytheciastrum 60 [B. bellicum] 69 B. collinum 60, 68 B. dieckei 60 [B. fendleri] 60, 68 B. fendleri auct. eur. = Brachytheciastrum collinum 60 B. olympicum 60 B. salicinum 60 B. trachypodium 60 [B. umbilicatum] 69 B. velutinum 60 var. vagans = Brachytheciastrum velutinum 61 var. salicinum = Brachytheciastrum salicinum 60 B. vanekii = Brachytheciastrum velutinum 61 Brachythecioideae 60 Brachythecium 61 B. albicans 61 B. buchananii 61 B. campestre 61 B. capillaceum 61 B. cirrosum 61 B. coruscum = Brachythecium tauriscorum 61 B. erythrorrhizon 61 subsp. asiaticum = Brachythecium erythrorrhizon 61 var. thedenii = Brachythecium erythrorrhizon 61 B. funkii 61 B. geheebii 61 B. glareosum 61 B. japygum 61 B. laetum 61 B. mildeanum 61 var. udum = Brachythecium udum 61 B. novae-angliae 61 B. percurrens = Hedenasiastrum percurrens 60 B. rotaeanum = Brachythecium capillaceum 61 B. rivulare 61 B. rutabulum 61 var. atlanticum 61 var. rutabulum 61 B. salebrosum 61 B. scabridum = Brachythecium novae-angliae 61 B. tauriscorum 61 B. tenuicaule 61 B. tommasinii 61 B. turgidum 61 B. udum 61 Braunia 46, 47 B. alopecura 47 B. imberbis 47 Breidleria = Stereodon 62 B. pratensis = Stereodon pratensis 63 Breutelia 47 B. azorica 47 B. chrysocoma 47 Breutelioideae 47 Brotherella 62 [B. henonii] 62, 68 B. henonii auct. eur. = Brotherella lorentziana 62 B. lorentziana 62, 68 Bruchia 36 B. flexuosa 36 B. vogesiaca 36 BRUCHIACEAE 7, 36 BRYALES 8, 48 BRYACEAE 2, 3, 8, 48, 50 Bryhnia = Brachythecium 61 B. novae-angliae = Brachythecium novae-angliae 61 B. scabrida = Brachythecium novae-angliae 61 Bryidae 7 Bryobrittonia 30 B. longipes 30 Bryoerythrophyllum 37 B. alpigenum 37 B. caledonicum 37 B. campylocarpum 37 B. duellii 37 B. ferruginascens 37 B. inaequalifolium 37 B. recurvirostrum 37 B. rubrum 37 Bryophyta 7, 27 Bryophytina 7 Bryopsida 7, 30 BRYOXIPHIACEAE 7, 32 Bryoxiphium 32 B. madeirense 32 B. norvegicum 32 Bryum 3, 48 B. algovicum = Ptychostomum compactum 50 B. algovicum var. rutheanum = Ptychostomum algovicum var. rutheanum 50 B. alpinum = Imbribryum alpinum 49 [B. anomodon] 69 B. apiculatum = Anomobryum apiculatum 5, 48 B. archangelicum = Ptychostomum inclinatum 50 B. arcticum = Ptychostomum arcticum 50 B. argenteum 48 [B. atrovirens] 69 B. austriacum = Ptychostomum austriacum 6, 50 B. barnesii = Bryum dichotomum 48, 49 B. bavaricum 48 B. blindii 48 B. boreale = Ptychostomum pallescens 51 B. bornholmense = Ptychostomum bornholmense 50 B. caespiticium = Ptychostomum imbricatulum 3, 50 B. calophyllum = Ptychostomum calophyllum 50 B. canariense 48 B. capillare = Ptychostomum capillare 50 B. caucasicum 48 B. cellulare = Ptychostomum cellulare 6, 50 B. compactum = Ptychostomum compactum 50 B. creberrimum = Ptychostomum creberrimum 50 B. cryophilum = Ptychostomum cryophilum 50 B. cyclophyllum = Ptychostomum cyclophyllum 50 B. demaretianum 48 B. dichotomum 3, 48, 49 B. dixonii 49 B. donianum = Ptychostomum donianum 50 B. dyffrynense 49 B. elegans = Ptychostomum elegans 6, 50 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY B. funkii = Ptychostomum funkii 50 B. gemmiferum 49 B. gemmilucens 49 B. gemmiparum 49 B. inclinatum = Distichium inclinatum 50 B. intermedium = Ptychostomum intermedium 50 B. kikuyense 49, 68 B. klinggraeffii 49 B. knowltonii = Ptychostomum knowltonii 50 B. kunzei = Ptychostomum kunzei 50, 51 B. longisetum = Ptychostomum longisetum 51 B. marratii 49 B. mildeanum = Imbribryum mildeanum 49 B. miniatum = Imbribryum miniatum 49 B. minii = Ptychostomum minii 6, 51 B. moravicum = Ptychostomum moravicum 51 B. muehlenbeckii = Imbribryum muehlenbeckii 49 B. neodamense = Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum 51 B. notarisii = Anomobryum notarisii 5 B. oblongum 49 B. pallens = Ptychostomum pallens 51 [subsp. acutiusculum = Ptychostomum pallens] 51 subsp. prosboreum = Ptychostomum pallens 51 subsp. sibiricum = Ptychostomum pallens 51 f. gracile = Ptychostomum pallens 51 B. pallescens = Ptychostomum pallescens 51 [B. philonotula Müll.Hal.] 68 B. philonotula Hampe = Bryum kikuyense 49 [B. philonotulum] 49, 68 B. philonotulum auct. eur. = Bryum kikuyense 49 B. pseudotriquetrum = Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum 51 var. bimum = Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum var. bimum 51 B. radiculosum 49 B. reyeri 49 B. riparium 49 B. rubens = Ptychostomum rubens 51 B. ruderale 49 B. salinum = Ptychostomum salinum 51 B. sauteri 49 B. schleicheri = Ptychostomum schleicheri 6, 51 var. latifolium = Ptychostomum schleicheri var. latifolium 6, 51 B. sibiricum = Ptychostomum pallens 51 B. subapiculatum = Imbribryum subapiculatum 5, 49, 50 B. tenuisetum = Imbribryum tenuisetum 5, 49, 50 B. torquescens = Ptychostomum torquescens 51 B. turbinatum = Ptychostomum turbinatum 51 B. uliginosum = Ptychostomum cernuum 50 B. valparaisense 4, 49 B. versicolor 49 B. violaceum 49 B. warneum = Ptychostomum warneum 51 B. weigelii = Ptychostomum weigelii 51 B. wrightii = Ptychostomum wrightii 51 Bucegia = Marchantia subgenus Preissia 26 B. romanica = Marchantia romanica 26 Buckia 63 B. vaucheri 63 Buckiella = Plagiothecium 55 B. undulata = Plagiothecium undulatum 56 Bucklandiella = Racomitrium subgenus Ellipticodryptodon 44 B. affinis = Racomitrium affine 44 B. elliptica = Racomitrium ellipticum 44 B. heterosticha = Racomitrium heterostichum 44 B. himalayana = Racomitrium himalayanum 44 B. lamprocarpa = Racomitrium lamprocarpum 44 87 B. lusitanica = Racomitrium lusitanicum 44 B. macounii = Racomitrium macounii 44 subsp. alpina = Racomitrium macounii subsp. alpinum 44 B. microcarpa = Racomitrium microcarpon 44 B. nivalis = Racomitrium nivale 44 B. obtusa = Racomitrium obtusum 44 B. sudetica = Racomitrium sudeticum 44 Buxbaumia 30 B. aphylla 30 B. viridis 30 BUXBAUMIACEAE 7, 30 BUXBAUMIALES 7, 30 Buxbaumiidae 7 CALLICLADIACEAE 8, 62 Callicladium 62 C. haldanianum 62 C. imponens 62 Calliergon 58 C. cordifolium 58 C. giganteum 58 C. megalophyllum 58 C. richardsonii 58 CALLIERGONACEAE 2, 8, 58 Calliergonella 63 C. cuspidata 63 C. lindbergii 63 CALOBRYALES 6, 8 [Calohypnum plumiforme] 69 Calomnion 55 C. complanatum 4, 55 Calycularia 24 C. laxa 24 Calyculariineae 7 CALYCULARIACEAE 7, 24 CALYMPERACEAE 7, 35 Calymperes 35 C. erosum 35 Calypogeia 16 C. subgenus Asperifoliae 16 C. subgenus Calypogeia 16 C. arguta 16 C. azorica 16 C. azurea 16 C. fissa 16 subsp. fissa 16 subsp. neogaea 16 var. paludosa 16 C. integristipula 16 C. muelleriana 16 [subsp. blomquistii] 16 subsp. muelleriana 16 var. erecta = Calypogeia muelleriana subsp. muelleriana 16 C. neesiana 16 subsp. neesiana 16 [subsp. subalpina] 16 var. hygrophila = Calypogeia neesiana var. neesiana 16 var. repanda = Calypogeia neesiana subsp. neesiana 16 C. sphagnicola 16 f. paludicola = Calypogeia fissa var. paludosa 16 C. suecica 16 CALYPOGEIACEAE 6, 16 Calyptrochaeta 55 C. apiculata 4, 55 Campyliadelphus 56 C. chrysophyllus 56 C. elodes 56 Campylidium = Campylophyllopsis 57 88 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. C. calcareum = Campylophyllopsis calcarea 57 C. sommerfeltii = Campylophyllopsis sommerfeltii 57 Campylium 56 C. bambergeri 56 C. decipiens = Drepanocladus polygamus 57 C. laxifolium 56 C. longicuspis 57 C. protensum 57 C. stellatum 57 Campylophyllopsis 57 C. calcarea 57 C. sommerfeltii 57 Campylophyllum 57 C. calcareum = Campylophyllopsis calcarea 57 C. halleri 57 C. montanum 57 C. sommerfeltii = Campylophyllopsis sommerfeltii 57 Campylopus 33 C. atrovirens 33 var. falcatus = Campylopus atrovirens 33 C. brevipilus 33 C. cygneus 33 C. flaccidus 33 C. flexuosus 33 C. fragilis 33 C. gracilis 33 C. incrassatus 33 C. introflexus 4, 33 C. oerstedianus 33 C. pilifer 33 C. pyriformis 33 var. azoricus = Campylopus pyriformis 33 C. schimperi 33 C. schwarzii = Campylopus gracilis 33 C. setifolius 33 C. shawii 33 C. subulatus 33 var. schimperi = Campylopus schimperi 33 C. subporodictyon = Atractylocarpus subporodictyon 32 Campylostelium 44 C. pitardii 44 C. saxicola 44 C. strictum 44 CATOSCOPIACEAE 7, 32 CATOSCOPIALES 7, 32 Catoscopium 32 C. nigritum 32 Cephalozia 10 C. affinis = Fuscocephaloziopsis affinis 10 C. ambigua 10 C. bicuspidata 10 subsp. bicuspidata 10 subsp. lammersiana 10 var. paludosa = Cephalozia ambigua 10 C. catenulata = Fuscocephaloziopsis catenulata 10 C. connivens = Fuscocephaloziopsis connivens 10 var. compacta = Fuscocephaloziopsis connivens subsp. connivens 10 C. crassifolia = Fuscocephaloziopsis crassifolia 11 C. crossii 10 C. lacinulata 10 C. leucantha = Fuscocephaloziopsis leucantha 11 var. robusta = Fuscocephaloziopsis leucantha 11 C. loitlesbergeri = Fuscocephaloziopsis loitlesbergeri 11 [Cephalozia lucens] 66 C. lunulifolia = Fuscocephaloziopsis lunulifolia 11 C. macounii 10 C. macrostachya = Fuscocephaloziopsis macrostachya 11 C. pleniceps = Fuscocephaloziopsis pleniceps 11 var. sphagnorum = Fuscocephaloziopsis pleniceps var. pleniceps 11 CEPHALOZIACEAE 6, 10 Cephaloziella 11 C. subgenus Cephaloziella 11 C. subgenus Dichiton 12 C. subgenus Evansia 12 C. subgenus Prionolobus 12 C. alpina = Cephaloziella varians 12 C. arctica = Cephaloziella varians 12 C. arctogena 11 C. aspericaulis 11 C. baumgartneri 11 C. calyculata 12 C. dentata 12 C. divaricata 11 var. asperifolia = Cephaloziella divaricata var. scabra 11 var. divaricata 11 var. polystratosa = Cephaloziella. polystratosa 12 var. rupestris = Cephaloziella divaricata var. divaricata 11 var. scabra 11 C. elachista 11 var. elachista 11 [var. spinophylla] 11 C. elegans 11 C. granatensis 12 C. grimsulana 11 C. hampeana 11 var. subtilis = Cephaloziella hampeana 11 C. integerrima 11 var. obtusa = Cephaloziella integerrima 12 [C. mammillifera] 66 C. massalongi 12 var. compacta = Cephaloziella massalongi 11 C. nicholsonii 11 C. phyllacantha 12 C. polystratosa 12 C. rubella 12 subsp. arctogena = Cephaloziella arctogena 11 var. bifida = Cephaloziella rubella 12 var. elegans = Cephaloziella elegans 11 var. pulchella = Cephaloziella rubella 12 var. sullivantii = Cephaloziella rubella 12 C. spinigera 12 f. striatula = Cephaloziella spinigera 12 C. stellulifera 12 var. limprichtii = Cephaloziella stellulifera 12 C. subdentata = Cephaloziella spinigera 12 C. turneri 12 C. uncinata 12 [var. brevigyna] 12 [var. mamillosa] 12 [var. sphagnicola] 12 var. uncinata 12 C. varians 12 var. arctica = Cephaloziella varians 12 var. scabra = Cephaloziella varians 12, 66 [C. verrucosa] 66 CEPHALOZIELLACEAE 6, 11 Cephaloziineae 6 Cephalozioideae 10 Ceratodon 36 C. amazonum 36 C. conicus 36 C. purpureus 36 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY subsp. purpureus 36 subsp. stenocarpus 36 var. conicus = Ceratodon conicus 36 Cheilolejeunea 22 C. subgenus Euosmolejeunea 22 C. cedercreutzii 22 [C. xanthocarpa] 68 Cheilolejeuneinae (subtrib.) 22 Cheilothela 36 C. chloropus 36 Chenia 37 C. leptophylla 4, 37 C. ruigtevleia 37 Chiloscyphus 20 C. coadunatus = Lophocolea coadunata 20 C. fragilis = Chiloscyphus pallescens var. fragilis 20 C. fragrans = Lophocolea fragrans 20 C. latifolius = Lophocolea bidentata 20 C. minor = Lophocolea minor 20 C. pallescens 20 var. fragilis 20 var. pallescens 20 C. polyanthos 20 var. polyanthos 20 var. rivularis 20 C. profundus = Lophocolea heterophylla 20 C. rivularis = Chiloscyphus polyanthos var. rivularis 20 Chionoloma 40 C. bombayense 40 C. daldinianum 40 C. hibernicum 40 C. minus 41 C. recurvifolium 41 C. tenuirostre 41 var. holtii 41 var. tenuirostre 41 Cinclidium 52 C. arcticum 52 C. latifolium 52 C. minutifolium 52 C. stygium 52 C. subrotundum 52 Cinclidotus 37 [C. bistratosus] 69 C. confertus = Cinclidotus riparius 37 C. aquaticus 37 C. danubicus 37 C. fontinaloides 37 [C. pachyloma] 69 [C. pachylomoides] 68 C. riparius 37 [C. vardaranus] 69 C. vivesii 37 Cirriphyllum 60 C. crassinervium 60 C. piliferum 60 Cladopodiella = Odontoschisma 11 C. francisci = Odontoschisma francisci 11 C. fluitans = Odontoschisma fluitans 11 Claopodium 58 C. rostratum 58 C. whippleanum 58 Clasmatodon 60 C. parvulus 60 Cleistocarpidium 36 C. palustre 36 Clevea 25 C. hyalina 25 var. rufescens = Clevea hyalina 25 var. suecica = Clevea hyalina 25 C. spathysii 25 CLEVEACEAE 7, 25 CLIMACIACEAE 8, 56 Climacium 56 C. dendroides 56 Cnestrum 35 C. alpestre 35 C. glaucescens 35 C. schisti 35 Codonoblepharon 53 C. forsteri 53 Codriophorus = Racomitrium subgenus Cataracta 44 C. acicularis = Racomitrium aciculare 44 C. aquaticus = Racomitrium aquaticus 44 C. fascicularis = Racomitrium fasciculare 44 C. hespericus = Racomitrium hespericum 44 Cololejeunea 22 C. subgenus Aphanolejeunea 22 C. subgenus Cololejeunea 22 C. subgenus Diaphanae 22 C. azorica 22 C. calcarea 22 C. madeirensis 22 C. microscopica 22 [var. africana] 22 [var. exigua] 22 var. microscopica 22 C. minutissima = Myriocoleopsis minutissima 22 C. rossettiana 22 C. schaeferi 22 C. sintenisii 22 Cololejeuneinae (subtrib.) 22 Colura 22 C. subgenus Colura 22 C. section Colura 22 C. calyptrifolia 22 Conardia 57 C. compacta 57 CONOCEPHALACEAE 7, 25 Conocephalum 25 C. conicum 25 C. salebrosum 25 Conostomoideae 47 Conostomum 47 C. tetragonum 47 Corsinia 25 C. coriandrina 25 CORSINIACEAE 7, 25 Corsinioideae 25 Coscinodon 2, 44 C. cribrosus 44 C. horridus 44 C. humilis 45 C. monchiquensis 45 [C. yukonensis] 45 Cratoneuroideae 56 Cratoneuron 56 C. curvicaule 56 C. filicinum 56 Crossidium 37 C. aberrans 37 C. crassinervium 37 C. davidai 37 C. geheebii 37 89 90 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. C. laevipilum 37 C. laxefilamentosum 37 C. squamiferum 37 var. pottioideum 37 var. squamiferum 37 Crossocalyx 9 C. hellerianus 9 Crossogyna = Syzygiella 9 C. autumnalis = Syzygiella autumnalis 9 [Crumia latifolia] 69 Cryphaea 64 C. heteromalla 64 CRYPHAEACEAE 8, 64 Cryptoleptodon = Leptodon 64 C. longisetus = Leptodon longisetus 64 Cryptocolea 18 C. imbricata 18 Cryptothallus = Aneura 23 C. mirabilis = Aneura mirabilis 23 Ctenidium 65 C. molluscum 65 C. procerrimum = Pseudostereodon procerrimus 63 CYATHODIACEAE 7, 26 Cyathodium 26 [C. cavernarum] 66, 68 C. foetidissimum 26 [C. spurium] 66 Cyclodictyon 55 C. laetevirens 55 Cynodontium 35 C. asperifolium 35 C. bruntonii 35 C. fallax 35 C. gracilescens 35 C. jenneri 35 C. polycarpon 35 C. strumiferum 35 C. suecicum 35 C. tenellum 35 Cyrtomnium 52 C. hymenophylloides 52 C. hymenophyllum 52 Daltonia 55 D. lindigiana 55 D. splachnoides 55 D. stenophylla = Daltonia lindigiana 55 DALTONIACEAE 8, 55 Delavayelloideae 17 Dendrocryphaea 64 D. lamyana 64 Desmatodon = Tortula 39 D. bogosicus = Tortula bogosica 39 D. guepinii = Tortula guepinii 40 D. latifolius = Tortula hoppeana 40 D. laureri = Tortula laureri 40 D. leucostoma = Tortula leucostoma 40 D. meridionalis = Tortula marginata 40 D. randii = Tortula randii 40 D. systylius = Tortula systylia 40 D. ucrainicus = Tortula ucrainica 40 D. wilczekii = Hennediella heimii 38 Dialytrichia 37 D. fragilifolia = Dialytrichia saxicola 37 D. mucronata 37 D. saxicola 37 Dichelyma 55 D. capillaceum 55 D. falcatum 55 Dichiton = Cephaloziella 11 D. integerrimum = Cephaloziella integerrima 12 Dichodontium 33 D. flavescens 33 D. palustre = Diobelonella palustris 33 D. pellucidum 33 DICRANACEAE 7, 34 DICRANALES 7, 32 Dicranella 33 D. campylophylla 33 D. cerviculata 33 D. crispa 33 D. grevilleana 33 D. heteromalla 33 D. howei 33 D. humilis 33 D. palustris = Diobelonella palustris 33 D. riparia = Kiaeria riparia 35 D. rufescens 33 D. schreberiana 33 D. staphylina 33 D. subulata 33 D. varia 33 DICRANELLACEAE 7, 33 Dicranidae 7 Dicranoideae 34 Dicranodontium 33 D. asperulum 33 D. denudatum 33 var. alpinum = Dicranodontium denudatum 33 D. subporodictyon = Atractylocarpus subporodictyon 32 D. uncinatum 33 Dicranoloma 34 D. menziesii 4, 34 Dicranoweisia 35 D. cirrata 35 D. compacta = Hymenoloma compactum 32 D. crispula = Hymenoloma crispulum 32 var. compacta = Hymenoloma compactum 32 var. intermedia = Hymenoloma mulahaceni 32 D. intermedia = Hymenoloma mulahaceni 32 Dicranum 34 D. section Convolutifolia 34 D. section Crassinervia 35 D. section Dicranum 34 D. section Elongata 35 D. section Fuscescentiformia 34 D. section Montana 35 D. section Spuria 34 D. acutifolium 34 D. angustum 34 D. bardunovii 34 D. bergeri = Dicranum undulatum 34 var. acutifolium = Dicranum acutifolium 34 D. bonjeanii 34 D. brevifolium 34 D. canariense = Dicranum scottianum 35 D. congestum = Dicranum flexicaule 34 D. crassifolium 34 D. dispersum 34 D. drummondii 34 D. elongatum 35 D. flagellare 35 D. flexicaule 34 D. fragilifolium 35 D. fulvum 35 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY D. fuscescens 34 var. congestum = Dicranum flexicaule 34 var. flexicaule = Dicranum flexicaule 34 D. groenlandicum 35 D. laevidens 35 D. leioneuron 34 D. majus 34 D. montanum 35 D. muehlenbeckii 34 var. acutifolium = Dicranum acutifolium 34 var. brevifolium = Dicranum brevifolium 34 var. cirrhatum = Dicranum brevifolium 34 D. polysetum 34 D. rugosum = Dicranum polysetum 34 D. schljakovii 35 D. scoparium 34 D. scottianum 35 D. septentrionale 34 D. spadiceum 35 D. spurium 34 D. strictum = Dicranum tauricum 35 D. subporodictyon = Atractylocarpus subporodictyon 32 D. tauricum 34 D. transsylvanicum 34 D. undulatum 34 D. undulatum F.Weber & D.Mohr, hom. illeg. = Dicranum polysetum 34 D. undulatum Turner, hom. illeg. = Dicranum bonjeanii 34 D. viride 35 Didymodon 5, 37 D. acutus 37 D. asperifolius 37 D. australasiae 37 D. bistratosus 37 D. brachyphyllus 37 [D. caboverdeanus] 69 D. cordatus 37 D. cylindicus var. daldianus = Chionoloma daldinianum 40 D. eckeliae 37 D. erosus = Didymodon tophaceus subsp. erosus 38 D. fallax 37 D. ferrugineus 37 D. giganteus 37 D. glaucus 5, 37 subsp. glaucus 37 subsp. verbanus 5, 37 D. icmadophilus 37 D. insulanus 37 D. johansenii 37 D. lamyanus = Didymodon brachyphyllus 37 D. luridus 37 D. maschalogenus 38 D. maximus 38 D. nicholsonii 38 D. rigidulus 38 D. sicculus = Didymodon tophaceus subsp. sicculus 38 D. sinuosus 38 D. spadiceus 38 D. subandreaeoides 38 [D. tectorum] 69 D. tomaculosus 38 D. tophaceus 38 subsp. erosus 38 subsp. sicculus 38 subsp. tophaceus 38 var. anatinus 38 var. tophaceus 38 D. umbrosus 38 D. validus 38 D. verbanus = Didymodon glaucus subsp. verbanus 37 D. vinealis 38 Dilutineuron = Racomitrium subgenus Cataracta 44 D. fasciculare = Racomitrium fasciculare 44 Diobelonella 33 D. palustris 33 DIPHYSCIACEAE 7, 30 DIPHYSCIALES 7, 30 Diphysciidae 7 Diphyscium 30 D. foliosum 30 Diplophyllum 14 D. section Diplophyllum 14 D. section Protodiplophyllum 14 D. albicans 14 D. obtusatum 14 D. obtusifolium 14 [subsp. domesticum] 14 subsp. obtusifolium 14 [D. sibiricum] 14 D. taxifolium 14 var. macrostictum = Diplophyllum taxifolium 14 [var. mucronatum] 14 var. taxifolium 14 DISCELIACEAE 7, 32 Discelium 32 D. nudum 32 DISTICHIACEAE 7, 32 Distichium 32 D. capillaceum 32 D. hagenii 32 D. inclinatum 32, 50 Distichophyllum 55 D. carinatum 55 DITRICHACEAE 7, 32, 36 Ditrichum 36 D. cornubicum 36 D. crispatissimum = Flexitrichum gracile 32 D. cylindricum = Trichodon cylindricus 36 D. flexicaule = Flexitrichum flexicaule 32 D. gracile = Flexitrichum gracile 32 D. heteromallum 36 D. lineare 36 D. pallidum 36 D. plumbicola 36 D. punctulatum 36 D. pusillum 36 D. subulatum 36 D. zonatum 36 var. scabrifolium = Ditrichum zonatum 36 Douinia 14 D. ovata 14 Drepanium 57 D. fastigiatum 57 D. recurvatum = Drepanium fastigiatum 57 Drepanocladus 57 D. aduncus 57 D. angustifolius 57 D. arcticus 57 D. brevifolius 57 D. capillifolius 57 [D. longifolius] 57, 68 D. longifolius auct. eur. = Drepanocladus capillifolius 57 D. lycopodioides 57 D. polygamus 57 91 92 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. D. sendtneri 57 D. sordidus 57 D. trifarius 57 D. turgescens 57 Drepanolejeunea 22 D. subgenus Drepanolejeunea 22 D. hamatifolia 22 Drepanolejeuneinae (subtrib.) 22 Dryptodon = Grimmia 45 D. orbicularis = Grimmia orbicularis 45 D. patens = Grimmia ramondii 45 Dumortiera 26 D. hirsuta 26 subsp. hirsuta 26 [subsp. nepalensis] 26 [subsp. tatunoi] 26 DUMORTIERACEAE 7, 26 ECHINODIACEAE 8, 65 Echinodium 65 E. prolixum = Isothecium prolixum 65 E. renauldii 65 E. setigerum 65 E. spinosum 65 Elodium = Helodium 59 E. blandowii = Helodium blandowii 59 Encalypta 31 E. section Encalypta 31 E. section Megasporae 31 E. section Pyromitrium 31 E. section Rhabdotheca 31 E. section Streptotheca 31 E. affinis 31 subsp. affinis 31 subsp. macounii 31 E. alpina 31 E. brevicolla 31 E. brevipes 31 E. ciliata 31 E. intermedia = Encalypta pilifera 31 E. longicolla 31 E. microstoma 31 E. mutica 31 E. obovatifolia = Encalypta pilifera 31 E. pilifera 31 E. procera 31 E. rhaptocarpa 31 var. leptodon = Encalypta trachymitra 31 var. spathulata = Encalypta spathulata 31 var. trachymitria = Encalypta trachymitria 31 E. spathulata 31 E. streptocarpa 31 E. trachymitria 31 E. vulgaris 31 ENCALYPTACEAE 7, 30 ENCALYPTALES 7, 30 Encalyptidae 7 Endogemma 16 E. caespiticia 16 ENDOGEMMATACEAE 6, 16 Entodon 64 E. challengeri 64 E. cladorrhizans 64 E. concinnus 64 [E. pseudoseductrix] 69 E. schleicheri 64 ENTODONTACEAE 8, 64 [Entodontopsis leucostega] 69 Entosthodon 31 E. subgenus Entosthodon 31 E. subgenus Murcia 31 E. subgenus Plagiodus 31 E. abramovae 31 [E. angustifolius] 69 E. attenuatus 31 E. commutatus 31 E. convexus 31 E. dagestanicus 31 E. duriaei 31 E. fascicularis 31 E. handelii 31 E. hungaricus 31 E. krausei = Entosthodon commutatus 31 E. kroonkurk 31 E. mouretii 31 E. muhlenbergii 31 [E. niloticus] 69 E. obtusus 31 E. pulchellus 31 E. schimperi 31 E. stenophyllus 31 E. templetonii = Entosthodon attenuatus 31 Ephemerella = Physcomitrium 31 E. readeri = Physcomitrium readeri 32 Ephemerum 41 E. cohaerens 41 E. crassinervium 41 subsp. rutheanum 41 subsp. sessile 41 E. hibernicum = Ephemerum crassinervium subsp. rutheanum 41 E. minutissimum = Ephemerum serratum 41 E. recurvifolium 41 E. rutheanum = Ephemerum crassinervium subsp. rutheanum 41 E. serratum 41 var. minutissimum = Ephemerum serratum 41 var. rutheanum = Ephemerum crassinervium subsp. rutheanum 41 E. serratum auct. = Ephemerum stoloniferum 41 E. sessile = Ephemerum crassinervium subsp. sessile 41 E. spinulosum 41 E. stellatum = Ephemerum stoloniferum 41 E. stoloniferum 41 Epipterygium 52 [E. rigidum] 69 E. tozeri 52 Eremonotus 17 E. myriocarpus 17 [Erpodium grossirete] 69 [Erpodium perrottetii] 69 Eucladium 41 E. verbanum = Didymodon glaucus subsp. verbanum 5 E. verticillatum 41 var. angustifolium = Eucladium verticillatum 41 Eurhynchiastrum 61 E. diversifolium 61 E. pulchellum 61 var. praecox = Eurhynchiastrum pulchellum 61 var. diversifolium = Eurhynchiastrum diversifolium 61 Eurhynchioideae 59 Eurhynchium 59 E. angustirete 59 E. striatum 59 Exobryum = Didymodon 37 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY E. asperifolium = Didymodon asperifolius 37 E. johansenii = Didymodon johansenii 37 Exormotheca 26 E. subgenus Corbierella 26 E. subgenus Exormotheca 26 E. pustulosa 26 E. welwitschii 26, 67 EXORMOTHECACEAE 7, 26 Exsertotheca 64 E. baetica 64 E. crispa 64 E. intermedia 64 Fabronia 56 F. altaica 56 F. ciliaris 56 [F. gueinzii] 69 [F. leikipiae] 69 F. major 56 F. pusilla 56 FABRONIACEAE 8, 56 [Fimbraria = Asterella] 66 [F. blumeana = Asterella blumeana] 66 [F. elegans = Asterella elegans] 66 [F. marginata = Asterella marginata] 66 [F. raddii = Asterella wallichiana] 66 [F. stahlii = Asterella pringlei] 66 [F. tenella = Asterella tenella] 66 Fissidens 5, 33 F. subgenus Aloma 34 F. subgenus Fissidens 34 F. subgenus Octodiceras 34 F. subgenus Pachyfissidens 5, 33 F. section Amblyothallia 34 F. section Pachyfissidens 5, 33 F. adianthoides 33 F. algarvicus = Fissidens curvatus 34 [F. allorgei] 69 [F. androgynus] 69 F. arcticus 34 F. arnoldii 34 F. asplenioides 34 F. azoricus 33 F. bambergeri = Fissidens viridulus 34 F. bryoides 34 var. bryoides 34 var. caespitans 34 var. curnovii = Fissidens bryoides var. caespitans 34 F. celticus 34 F. coacervatus 34 F. crassipes 34 subsp. crassipes 34 subsp. warnstorfii 34 F. crispus 34 F. cristatus = Fissidens dubius 33 F. curnovii = Fissidens bryoides var. caespitans 34 F. curvatus 34 [F. dankelmannii] 69 F. dubius 33 var. dubius 33 var. mucronatus 33 F. exiguus auct. eur. = Fissidens viridulus 34 F. exilis 34 [F. flaccidus] 69 F. fontanus 34 F. gracilifolius 34 F. grandifrons 33 F. gymnandrus 34 F. herzogii = Fissidens crispus 34 F. incurvus 34 F. jansenii 34 F. limbatus = Fissidens crispus 34 F. luisieri = Fissidens serrulatus 34 [F. megalotis subsp. helictocaulos] 69 F. microstictus 34 F. minutulus = Fissidens crispus 34 F. monguillonii 34 F. nobreganus 34 F. osmundoides 33 F. ovatifolius 34 F. polyphyllus 33 F. pusillus 34 F. rivularis 34 F. rufulus 34 [F. sciophyllus] 69 F. serratus 34 F. serrulatus 33 F. sublimbatus 34 F. sublineaefolius 34 F. taxifolius 33 subsp. pallidicaulis = Fissidens taxifolius 33 [F. usambaricus] 69 F. viridulus 34 var. bambergeri = Fissidens viridulus 34 var. incurvus = Fissidens incurvus 34 var. pusillus = Fissidens pusillus 34 var. tenuifolius = Fissidens gracilifolius 34 FISSIDENTACEAE 2, 7, 33 FLEXITRICHACEAE 7, 32 Flexitrichum 32 F. flexicaule 32 F. gracile 32 FONTINALACEAE 8, 55 Fontinalis 55 F. antipyretica 55 subsp. antipyretica 55 subsp. bryhnii 55 subsp. gracilis 55 subsp. kindbergii 55 [var. heldreichii] 69 F. dalecarlica 55 F. dichelymoides 55 F. hypnoides 55 var. duriaei 55 var. hypnoides 55 F. squamosa 55 var. curnowii = Fontinalis squamosa 55 var. dixonii = Fontinalis squamosa 55 Fossombronia 24 F. angulosa 24 F. caespitiformis 24 subsp. caespitiformis 24 subsp. multispira 24 F. crispa 24 F. crozalsii = Fossombronia mittenii 24 F. echinata 24 F. fimbriata 24 F. fleischeri 24 F. foveolata 24 F. husnotii = Fossombronia caespitiformis subsp. multispira 24 F. incurva 24 F. leucoxantha 24 F. maritima 24 F. mittenii 24 93 94 N. 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F. pusilla 24 F. wondraczekii 24 F. zeyheri 24 FOSSOMBRONIACEAE 7, 24 FOSSOMBRONIALES 6, 24 Fossombroniineae 7 Frullania 21 F. subgenus Frullania 21 F. subgenus Thyopsiella 21 F. acicularis 21 F. azorica 21, 67 F. bolanderi 22 F. calcarifera 22 F. cesatiana = Frullania riparia 21, 67 [var. muscicola = Frullania muscicola] 21 F. cleistostoma 22 [F. davurica] 66 subsp. jackii = Frullania jackii 21, 66 F. dilatata 21 [subsp. asiatica] 21 subsp. dilatata 21 F. ericoides 21 var. ericoides 21 [var. laxa] 21 [var. minor] 21 [var. verrucosa] 21 F. fragilifolia 21 F. inflata auct. = F. cleistostoma 22 [F. inflata] 22, 66, 67 F. jackii 21, 66 F. microphylla 21 var. deciduifolia = Frullania microphylla 21 [Frullania muscicola] 21, 67 F. oakesiana 21 subsp. oakesiana 21 [subsp. takayuensis] 21 [F. obscurifolia] 67 F. parvistipula 21 F. polysticta 21 F. riparia 21 F. sergiae 21 [F. socotrana] 68 [F. spongiosa] 68 F. stylifera 21 F. subarctica 21 F. tamarisci 21 var. atrovirens = Frullania tamarisci 21 var. azorica = Frullania acicularis 21 var. cornubica = Frullania tamarisci 21 var. ericetorum = Frullania tamarisci 21 var. robusta = Frullania tamarisci 21 var. sardoa = Frullania tamarisci 21 F. teneriffae 21 FRULLANIACEAE 6, 21 Funaria 31 [F. anomala] 4 [F. altissima] 69 [F. chevalieri] 69 F. dentata = Entosthodon muhlenbergii 31 F. handelii = Entosthodon handelii 31 F. aequidens 31 F. arctica 31 F. hygrometrica 31 F. microstoma 31 FUNARIACEAE 2, 7, 31 FUNARIALES 7, 31 Funariidae 7 Funariella 31 F. curviseta 31 Funarioideae 31 Fuscobryum = Didymodon 37 F. subandreaeoides = Didymodon subandreaeoides 38 Fuscocephaloziopsis 10 F. affinis 10 F. albescens 10 var. albescens 10 var. islandica 10 F. catenulata 10 subsp. catenulata 10 [subsp. nipponica] 10 F. connivens 10 subsp. connivens 10 [subsp. fissa] 10 [subsp. sandwicensis] 10 F. crassifolia 11 F. leucantha 11 F. loitlesbergeri 11 F. lunulifolia 11 F. macrostachya 11 [subsp. australis] 11 subsp. macrostachya 11 var. macrostachya 11 var. spiniflora 11 F. pleniceps 11 [var. caroliniana] 11 var. pleniceps 11 Geheebia = Didymodon 37 G. fallax = Didymodon fallax 37 G. ferruginea = Didymodon ferrugineus 37 G. gigantea = Didymodon giganteus 37 G. maschalogena = Didymodon maschalogenus 38 G. maxima = Didymodon maximus 38 G. spadicea = Didymodon spadiceus 38 G. tophacea = Didymodon tophaceus 38 Gemmabryum = Bryum 3, 48 G. apiculatum = Anomobryum apiculatum 48 G. barnesii = Bryum dichotomum 48 G. caespiticium = Ptychostomum imbricatulum 50 G. demaretianum = Bryum demaretianum 48 G. dichotomum = Bryum dichotomum 49 G. gemmiferum = Bryum gemmiferum 49 G. gemmilucens = Bryum gemmilucens 49 G. klinggraeffii = Bryum klinggraeffii 49 G. kunzei = Ptychostomum kunzei 50 G. radiculosum = Bryum radiculosum 49 G. ruderale = Bryum ruderale 49 G. subapiculatum = Imbribryum subapiculatum 49 G. tenuisetum = Imbribryum tenuisetum 49 G. valparaisense = Bryum valparaisense 49 G. violaceum = Bryum violaceum 49 GEOCALYCACEAE 6, 16 Geocalyx 16 G. graveolens 16 GIGASPERMACEAE 7, 32 GIGASPERMALES 7, 32 Gigaspermidae 7 Gigaspermum 32 G. mouretii 32 Glyphomitrium 35 G. daviesii 35 Gongylanthus 19 G. ericetorum 19 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY Goniomitrium 31 G. seroi 31 Grimmia 2, 45 G. alpestris 45 G. anodon 45 G. anomala 45 G. arenaria 45 G. atrata 45 G. britannica = Grimmia trichophylla 45 G. caespiticia 45 G. capillata 45 G. cribrosa = Coscinodon cribrosus 44 G. crinita 45 G. crinitoleucophaea 45 G. curvata = Grimmia ramondii 45 G. curviseta 45 G. decipiens 45 G. dissimulata 45 G. donniana 45 G. elatior 45 G. elongata 45 G. funalis 45 G. fuscolutea 45 G. hartmanii 45 G. horrida = Coscinodon horridus 44 G. incurva 45 G. laevigata 45 G. lisae 45 G. longirostris 45 G. meridionalis 45 G. meteorae = Grimmia nutans 45 G. mollis 45 G. montana 45 G. muehlenbeckii 45 G. nutans 45 G. orbicularis 45 G. ovalis 45 G. pitardii = Campylostelium pitardii 44 G. plagiopodia 45 G. poecilostoma = Grimmia crinitoleucophaea 45 G. pulvinata 45 G. ramondii 45 G. reflexidens 45 G. sessitana = Grimmia reflexidens 45 G. teretinervis 45 G. tergestina 45 var. tergestinoides = Grimmia tergestina 45 G. torquata 45 G. trichophylla 45 var. meridionalis = Grimmia meridionalis 45 G. triformis 45 G. ungeri 45 G. unicolor 45 GRIMMIACEAE 7, 44 GRIMMIALES 7, 32, 43 Grimmioideae 44 [Groutiella tomentosa] 69 Guembelia = Grimmia 45 G. laevigata = Grimmia laevigata 45 G. longirostris = Grimmia longirostris 45 G. ovalis = Grimmia ovalis 45 G. tergestina = Grimmia tergestina 45 Gymnobarbula 36, 41 G. bicolor 41 Gymnocolea 9 G. acutiloba = Gymnocolea inflata subsp. acutiloba 9 G. borealis 9 G. fascinifera 9 G. inflata 9 subsp. acutiloba 9 subsp. inflata 9 var. heterostipa = Gymnocolea inflata subsp. inflata 9 GYMNOMITRIACEAE 6, 16 Gymnomitrioideae 16 Gymnomitrion 16 G. adustum 16 G. alpinum 16 G. apiculatum = Marsupella apiculata 16 G. brevissimum 16 G. commutatum 16 G. concinnatum 16 G. corallioides 16 G. crenulatum 16 G. obtusum 16 G. revolutum 16 [subsp. novoguineanense] 16 subsp. revolutum 16 [Gymnostomiella erosula] 69 [Gymnostomiella vernicosa] 69 Gymnostomum 41 G. aeruginosum 41 var. aeruginosum 41 var. obscurum 41 G. boreale = Hymenostylium gracillimum 42 G. calcareum 41 var. lanceolatum = Gymnostomum calcareum 41 var. atlanticum 41 var. calcareum 41 G. lanceolatum = Gymnostomum calcareum 41 G. recurvirostrum = Hymenostylium recurvirostrum 42 G. viridulum 41 Gyroweisia 41 G. reflexa 41 G. tenuis 41 Habrodon 56 H. perpusillus 56 HABRODONTACEAE 8, 56 Hageniella 63 H. micans 63 Hamatocaulis 58 H. lapponicus 58 H. vernicosus 58 Haplocladium 59 H. angustifolium 59 H. microphyllum 59 H. virginianum 59 Haplohymenium = Anomodon 66 H. triste = Anomodon tristis 66 HAPLOMITRIACEAE 6, 8 Haplomitriidae 6 Haplomitriopsida 6, 8 Haplomitrium 8 H. subgenus Haplomitrium 8 H. section Haplomitrium 8 H. hookeri 8 var. hookeri 9 [var. minutum] 9 Harpalejeunea 22 H. subgenus Harpalejeunea 22 H. molleri 22 [subsp. integra] 22 subsp. molleri 22 HARPANTHACEAE 6, 17 Harpanthus 17 95 96 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. H. flotovianus 17 var. chiloscyphoides = Harpanthus flotovianus 17 var. latifolia = Harpanthus flotovianus 17 var. retusa = Harpanthus flotovianus 17 H. scutatus 17 Hedenasiastrum 60 H. percurrens 60 Hedwigia 47 H. ciliata 47 var. leucophaea = Hedwigia emodica 47 H. emodica 47 [H. integrifolia] 47 H. integrifolia = Braunia imberbis 47 H. mollis 47 H. nemoralis 47 H. stellata 47 H. striata 47 HEDWIGIACEAE 7, 46 HEDWIGIALES 7, 46 Hedwigidium = Braunia 46 H. integrifolium = Braunia imberbis 47 Helicodontium 60 H. capillare 60 Helicodontoideae 60 Helodium 59 H. blandowii 59 Hennediella 38 H. heimii 38 var. arctica 38 var. heimii 38 H. macrophylla 4, 38 H. stanfordensis 4, 38 HERBERTACEAE 6, 19 Herbertus 19 [Herbertus aduncus] 19, 116 subsp. hutchinsiae = H. hutchinsiae 19 H. aduncus auct eur = Herbertus hutchinsiae 19 H. azoricus 19 H. borealis 19, 67, 116 H. delavayi auct. = Herbertus borealis 19 [H. delavayi] 19 [H. dicranus] 67 H. hutchinsiae 19, 116 [H. juniperoideus] 19 H. norenus 19, 116 [H. sakuraii] 67 H. sendtneri 19 H. stramineus 19, 116 [H. tenuis] 19 [Herpetineuron toccoae] 69 Herzogiella 55 H. seligeri 55 H. striatella 55 H. turfacea 55 Heterocladiella 65 H. dimorpha 65 HETEROCLADIELLACEAE 8, 65 Heterocladium 65 H. dimorphum = Heterocladiella dimorpha 65 H. flaccidum 65 H. heteropterum 65 H. wulfsbergii 65 Heterogemma 12 H. capitata 12 H. laxa 12 Heterophyllium 62 H. affine = Heterophyllium nemorosum 62 H. nemorosum 62 Heteroscyphus 20 H. denticulatus 20 H. fissistipus 4, 20 [var. fissistipus] 20 [var. multispinus] 20 [var. repandus] 20 [H. integrifolius] 67 Hilpertia 38 H. velenovskyi 38 Homalia 64 H. lusitanica 64 H. trichomanoides 64 H. webbiana = Pseudomalia webbiana 65 Homalothecium 61 H. aureum 61 H. lutescens 61 var. fallax 61 var. lutescens 61 H. mandonii 61 H. meridionale 61 H. philippeanum 61 H. sericeum 61 Homomallium 63 H. incurvatum 63 Hookeria 55 [H. acutifolia] 69 H. lucens 55 HOOKERIACEAE 8, 55 HOOKERIALES 2, 8, 55 Hydrogonium 36, 41 H. amplexifolium 41 [H. arcuatum] 69 H. bolleanum 41 H. consanguineum 41 [var. cancellatum] 41 [var. consanguineum] 41 var. kurilense 41, 68 H. croceum 41 [H. orientale] 68, 69 Hydrogrimmia = Grimmia 45 H. mollis = Grimmia mollis 45 Hygroamblystegium 57 H. fluviatile 57 H. humile 57 H. tenax 57 H. varium 57 var. humile = Hygroamblystegium humile 57 Hygrobiella 17 H. laxifolia 17 HYGROBIELLACEAE 6, 17 Hygrohypnella 58 H. ochracea 58 H. polaris 58 Hygrohypnum 57 H. alpestre = Platyhypnum alpestre 57 H. alpinum = Platyhypnum alpinum 57 H. cochlearifolium = Platyhypnum cochlearifolium 58 H. duriusculum = Platyhypnum duriusculum 58 H. eugyrium = Pseudohygrohypnum eugyrium 63 H. luridum 57 H. molle = Platyhypnum molle 58 H. montanum = Campylophyllum montanum 57 H. norvegicum = Platyhypnum norvegicum 58 H. ochraceum = Hygrohypnella ochracea 58 H. polare = Hygrohypnella polaris 58 H. smithii = Platyhypnum smithii 58 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY H. styriacum 57 H. subeugyrium = Pseudohygrohypnum subeugyrium 63 HYLOCOMIACEAE 8, 63 Hylocomiadelphus 63 H. triquetrus 63 Hylocomiastrum 63 H. pyrenaicum 63 H. umbratum 63 Hylocomium 63 H. splendens 63 Hymenoloma 32 H. compactum 32 H. crispulum 32 H. intermedium = H. mulahaceni 32 H. mulahaceni 32 HYMENOLOMATACEAE 7, 32 Hymenostylium 42 [H. congoanum] 69 H. gracillimum 42 [H. hildebrandtii] 69 H. insigne = Hymenostylium recurvirostrum var. insigne 42 H. recurvirostrum 42 var. insigne 42 var. recurvirostrum 42 H. xerophilum 42 Hyocomium 65 H. armoricum 65 Hyophila 42 H. involuta 42 HYPNACEAE 8, 62 HYPNALES 8, 55 Hypnelloideae 55 Hypnum 62 H. aemulans = Stereodon aemulans 63 H. adfine = Heterophyllium nemorosum 62 H. affine = Heterophyllium nemorosum 62 H. andoi 62 H. bambergeri = Campylium bambergeri 56 H. boreale = Ptychostomum pallescens 51 H. callichroum = Stereodon callichrous 63 H. cupressiforme 62 var. cupressiforme 62 var. filiforme 62 var. heseleri 62 var. lacunosum 62 var. resupinatum = Hypnum resupinatum 62 var. subjulaceum 62 H. fertile = Pseudohygrohypnum fertile 63 H. hamulosum = Stereodon hamulosus 63 H. holmenii = Stereodon holmenii 63 H. imponens = Callicladium imponens 62 H. jutlandicum 62 H. nemorosum = Heterophyllium nemorosum 62 H. pallescens = Jochenia pallescens 62 var. protuberans = Jochenia protuberans 62 var. reptile = Jochenia pallescens 62 H. plicatulum = Aquilonium plicatulum 63 H. procerrimum = Pseudostereodon procerrimus 63 H. protuberans = Jochenia protuberans 62 H. recurvatum = Drepanium fastigiatum 57 H. reptile = Jochenia pallescens 62 H. resupinatum 62 H. revolutum = Roaldia revoluta 63 var. dolomiticum = Roaldia dolomitica 63 H. sauteri = Microhypnum sauteri 57 H. subcomplanatum = Hypnum cupressiforme var. subjulaceum 62 97 H. subimponens = Stereodon subimponens 63 H. subjulaceum = Hypnum cupressiforme var. subjulaceum 62 H. uncinulatum 62 H. vaucheri = Buckia vaucheri 63 HYPOPTERYGIACEAE 2, 8, 55 HYPOPTERYGIALES = HOOKERIALES 2, 55 Hypopterygium 2, 55 H. tamarisci 4, 55 Imbribryum 3, 49 I. alpinum 49 I. gemmiparum = Bryum gemmiparum 49 I. mildeanum 49 I. miniatum 49 I. muehlenbeckii 49 I. subapiculatum 5, 49 I. tenuisetum 5, 49 Indusiella 44 I. thianschanica 44 Isopaches 9 I. alboviridis 9 I. bicrenatus 9 I. decolorans 9 Isopterygiopsis 55 I. alpicola 55 I. muelleriana 55 I. pulchella 55 Isopterygium 62 I. tenerum 62 Isothecium 65 I. algarvicum 65 I. alopecuroides 65 I. holtii 65 I. interludens 65 I. montanum 65 I. myosuroides 65 subsp. brevinerve = Isothecium myosuroides 65 var. brachythecioides = Isothecium interludens 65 I. prolixum 65 Iwatsukiella 64 I. leucotricha 64 Jaffueliobryum 44 J. latifolium 44 Jamesoniella = Syzygiella 9 J. autumnalis = Syzygiella autumnalis 9 J. rubricaulis = Syzygiella rubricaulis 9 J. undulifolia = Biantheridion undulifolium 9 Jamesonielloideae 9 Jochenia 62 J. pallescens 62 J. protuberans 62 JOCHENIACEAE 8, 62 Jubula 22 J. hutchinsiae 22 [subsp. australiae] 22 [subsp. bogotensis] 22 subsp. caucasica 22, 67 subsp. hutchinsiae 22 [subsp. japonica] 22 [subsp. javanica] 22, 67 [subsp. pennsylvanica] 22, 67 JUBULACEAE 6, 22 Jubulineae 6 Jungermannia 17, 66 J. atrovirens 17 J. borealis 17 J. caespiticia = Endogemma caespiticia 16 J. calcicola 17 98 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. J. callithrix = Solenostoma callithrix 18 J. confertissima = Solenostoma confertissimum 18 J. eucordifolia 17, 67 [J. exsertifolia] 67 subsp. cordifolia = Jungermannia eucordifolia 17, 67 J. gracillima = Solenostoma gracillimum 18 var. crenulata = Solenostoma gracillimum 18 J. handelii = Solenostoma handelii 18 J. hyalina = Solenostoma hyalinum 18 J. jenseniana = Solenostoma sphaerocarpum 18 J. lanceolata auct. = Liochlaena lanceolata 17 J. lanceolata = Jungermannia atrovirens 17 var. atrovirens = Jungermannia atrovirens 17 J. leiantha = Liochlaena lanceolata 17 J. obovata = Solenostoma obovatum 18 subsp. minor = Solenostoma subellipticum 18 J. paroica = Solenostoma paroicum 18 J. polaris 17 J. pumila 17 subsp. polaris = Jungermannia polaris 17 var. alpestris = Jungermannia pumila 17 J. sphaerocarpa = Solenostoma sphaerocarpum 18 var. nana = Solenostoma sphaerocarpum 18 J. subelliptica = Solenostoma subellipticum 18 J. subulata = Liochlaena subulata 17 var. leiantha = Liochlaena lanceolata 17 JUNGERMANNIACEAE 6, 17 Jungermanniales 6, 9 Jungermanniidae 6 Jungermanniineae 6 Jungermannioideae 17 Jungermanniopsida 6, 9 Kiaeria 35 K. blyttii 35 K. falcata 35 K. glacialis 35 K. riparia 35 K. starkei 35 Kindbergia 61 K. praelonga 61 Kurzia 19 [K. makinoana] 67 K. pauciflora 19 K. sylvatica 19, 67 K. trichoclados 19 Leiocolea = Mesoptychia 17 L. alpestris = Mesoptychia collaris 18 L. badensis = Mesoptychia badensis 17 L. bantriensis = Mesoptychia bantriensis 18 subsp. wallfischii = Mesoptychia bantriensis subsp. wallfischii 18 L. collaris = Mesoptychia collaris 18 L. fitzgeraldiae = Mesoptychia fitzgeraldiae 18 L. gillmanii = Mesoptychia gillmanii 18 L. heterocolpos = Mesoptychia heterocolpos 18 L. rutheana = Mesoptychia rutheana 18 var. laxa = Mesoptychia gillmanii var. laxa 18 L. turbinata = Mesoptychia turbinata 18 Lejeunea 22 L. subgenus Lejeunea 22 L. subgenus Nanolejeunea 22 L. canariensis 22, 67 [L. capensis] 68 L. cavifolia 22 [L. diversifolia = Microlejeunea diversifolia] 67 [L. diversiloba = Microlejeunea diversifolia] 67 L. eckloniana 22 L. flava 22 [subsp. flava] 22 subsp. moorei 22 [subsp. orientalis] 22 [subsp. tabularis] 22 [var. pellucida] 22 L. hibernica 22 L. holtii = Lejeunea eckloniana 22 [L. laetevirens] 22, 67 L. laetevirens auct. = Lejeunea canariensis 22 L. lamacerina 22 [subsp. gemminata] 22 subsp. lamacerina 22 L. mandonii 22 L. patens 22 L. ulicina = Microlejeunea ulicina 23 LEJEUNEACEAE 6, 8, 22 Lejeuneeae (trib.) 22 Lejeuneinae (subtrib.) 22 Lejeuneoideae 22 Lembidioideae 19 LEMBOPHYLLACEAE 8, 65 Lepidozia 19 L. azorica = Telaranea azorica 19 L. cupressina 19 [subsp. africana] 19 subsp. cupressina 19 [subsp. natalensis] 19 subsp. pinnata = Lepidozia cupressina subsp. cupressina 19 var. dissitifolia = Lepidozia cupressina subsp. cupressina 19 L. pearsonii 19 L. reptans 19 var. julacea = Lepidozia reptans 19 var. tenera = Lepidozia reptans 19 L. stuhlmannii 19 [subsp. pulvinata] 19 [var. carnosa] 19 LEPIDOZIACEAE 6, 19 Lepidozioideae 19 Leptobarbula 42 L. berica 42 Leptobryum 48 L. pyriforme 48 Leptodictyum 57 [L. kurdicum] 69 L. riparium 57 Leptodon 64 L. corsicus 64 L. longisetus 64 L. smithii 64 Leptodontium 38 L. flexifolium 38 L. gemmascens 38 L. proliferum 4, 38 L. styriacum 38 Leptophascum = Chenia 37 L. leptophyllum = Chenia leptophylla 37 [Leptostomopsis] 48 Leptotheca 55 L. gaudichaudii 4, 55 Leptoscyphus 20 L. subgenus Anomylia 20 L. subgenus Leptoscyphus 20 L. section Leptoscyphus 20 L. azoricus = L. porphyrius subsp. azoricus 20 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY L. cuneifolius 20 L. porphyrius 20 subsp. azoricus 20 [subsp. porphyrius] 20 Lescuraea 59 L. incurvata 59 L. mutabilis 59 L. patens 59 L. plicata 59 L. radicosa 59 L. saviana 59 L. saxicola 59 L. secunda 59 Leskea 59 L. polycarpa 59 LESKEACEAE 8, 58 LEUCOBRYACEAE 7, 32 Leucobryum 33 L. albidum 33 L. glaucum 33 L. juniperoideum 33 Leucodon 64 [L. bowringii] 69 L. canariensis 64 [L. coreensis] 69 L. flagellaris 64 L. immersus 64 L. pendulus 64 L. sciuroides 64 var. morensis = Leucodon sciuroides 64 L. treleasei 64 LEUCODONTACEAE 8, 64 LEUCOMIACEAE 8, 55 Lewinskya 53 L. acuminata 53 L. affinis 53 L. breviseta 53 L. elegans 53 L. fastigiata 53 L. iberica 53 L. iwatsukii 53 L. laevigata 53 L. lamyana 53 L. pylaisii 53 L. rupestris 53 L. shawii 53 L. sordida 53 L. speciosa 53 L. striata 53 L. tortidontia 53 L. transcaucasica 53 L. vladikavkana 53 Lindbergia 59 [L. brachyptera] 68 L. brachyptera auct. eur. = Lindbergia grandiretis 59 L. dagestanica 59 L. grandiretis 59 Liochlaena 17 L. lanceolata 17 L. subulata 17 Loeskeobryum 64 L. brevirostre 64 Loeskypnum 58 L. badium 58 Lophocolea 20 L. bidentata 20 var. rivularis = Lophocolea coadunata 20 99 L. bispinosa 4, 20 L. brookwoodiana 4, 20 L. coadunata 20 L. cuspidata = L. bidentata 20 L. cuspidata auct. = L. coadunata 20 L. fragrans 20 [subsp. cocosana] 20 subsp. fragrans 20 L. heterophylla 20 [subsp. cladogyna] 20 subsp. heterophylla 20 [L. humistrata] 67 L. minor 20 L. semiteres 4, 20 [var. retusa] 20 var. semiteres 20 LOPHOCOLEACEAE 6, 20 Lophocoleineae 6 Lophozia 12 L. alpestris auct. = Barbilophozia sudetica 9 L. alpestris = Mesoptychia collaris 18 var. libertae = Mesoptychia collaris 18 L. ascendens 12 L. atlantica = Orthocaulis atlanticus 10 L. attenuata = Neoorthocaulis attenuatus 9 L. badensis = Mesoptychia badensis 17 var. obtusiloba = Mesoptychia badensis 17 L. bantriensis = Mesoptychia bantriensis 18 var. subcompressa = Mesoptychia bantriensis subsp. bantriensis 18 L. barbata = Barbilophozia barbata 9 L. bicrenata = Isopaches bicrenatus 9 L. binsteadii = Neoorthocaulis binsteadii 10 L. capitata = Heterogemma capitata 12 L. cavifolia = Orthocaulis cavifolius 10 L. ciliata 12 L. confertifolia = Lophozia wenzelii 13 L. confertifolia [sensu Schljakov 1975, 1998] = Lophozia ventricosa 13 L. confertifolia (sensu Damsholt 2002; Köckinger 2017) = Lophozia wenzelii 13 L. confertifolia [sensu Konstantinova et al. 1992] = Lophozia murmanica 12 L. debiliformis = Barbilophozia sudetica 9 var. concolor = Barbilophozia sudetica 9 L. decolorans = Isopaches decolorans 9 L. elongata = Protolophozia elongata 12 L. excisa = Lophoziopsis excisa 13 var. cylindracea = Lophoziopsis excisa var. excisa 13 L. floerkei = Neoorthocaulis floerkei 10 L. fuscovirens 12 L. gillmanii = Mesoptychia gillmanii 18 var. acutifolia = Mesoptychia gillmanii 18 L. gracillima = Lophozia ascendens 12 L. grandiretis = Schistochilopsis grandiretis 15 var. parviretis = Schistochilopsis grandiretis 15 var. proteidea = Schistochilopsis grandiretis 15 L. groenlandica [sensu Grolle and Long 2000; Söderström et al. 2002] = Lophozia murmanica 12 L. groenlandica [sensu Schuster 1969] = Lophozia schusteriana 13 L. groenlandica [sensu Schljakov 1980, 1998] = Lophozia ventricosa 13 L. groenlandica [sensu Damsholt 1994] = Lophozia wenzelii 13 L. guttulata 12 L. hatcheri = Barbilophozia hatcheri 9 L. herzogiana = Protolophozia herzogiana 12 100 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. L. heterocolpos = Mesoptychia heterocolpos 18 var. arctica = Mesoptychia heterocolpos var. arctica 18 var. harpanthoides = Mesoptychia heterocolpos var. harpanthoides 18 L. heteromorpha = Lophozia murmanica 13 L. hyperarctica = Schistochilopsis hyperarctica 15 L. incisa = Schistochilopsis incisa 15 subsp. opacifolia = Schistochilopsis opacifolia 15 L. jurensis = Lophoziopsis jurensis 13 L. iremelensis = Lophozia wenzelii 13 L. kunzeana = Schljakovia kunzeana 10 [L. lacerata] 69 L. lantratoviae 12 L. latifolia = Lophoziopsis jurensis 13 L. laxa = Heterogemma laxa 12 L. longidens = Lophoziopsis longidens 13 L. longiflora auct. = Lophozia guttulata 12 L. longiflora 12 var. guttulata = Lophozia guttulata 12 L. lycopodioides = Barbilophozia lycopodioides 9 L. murmanica 12 L. murmanica [sensu Schljakov 1970] = Lophozia ventricosa 13 L. murmanica [sensu Schljakov 1969] = Lophozia savicziae 13 L. obtusa = Obtusifolium obtusum 12 L. opacifolia = Schistochilopsis opacifolia 15 L. perssonii = Oleolophozia perssonii 12 L. pellucida = Lophoziopsis pellucida 13 L. polaris = Lophoziopsis polaris 14 L. porphyroleuca = Lophozia guttulata 12 L. propagulifera auct. eur. = Lophoziopsis jurensis 13 L. quadriloba = Schljakovianthus quadrilobus 10 var. glareosa = Schljakovianthus quadrilobus 10 L. rubescens = Barbilophozia rubescens 9 L. rubrigemma = Lophoziopsis rubrigemma 14 L. rutheana = Mesoptychia rutheana 18 var. laxa = Mesoptychia gillmannii var. laxa 18 L. savicziae 13 L. schultzii = Mesoptychia rutheana 5 var. laxa = Mesoptychia gillmannii var. laxa 5 L. schusteriana 13 L. silvicola 13 L. silvicola var. grandiretis = Lophozia savicziae 13 L. silvicoloides 13 L. sudetica = Barbilophozia sudetica 9 var. anomala = Barbilophozia sudetica 9 L. subapiculata 13 L. ventricosa auct. = Lophozia silvicola 13 L. ventricosa 13 var. confusa = Lophozia ventricosa 13 var. grandiretis = Lophozia savicziae 13 var. longiflora = Lophozia longiflora 12 var. silvicola = Lophozia silvicola 13 var. uliginosa = Lophozia wenzelii 13 var. uliginosa auct. [sensu Söderström et al. 2002] = Lophozia longiflora 12 L. wenzelii 13 var. groenlandica [sensu Konstantinova et al. 2009] = Lophozia murmanica 13 var. lapponica 13 var. litoralis 13 var. massularioides 13 var. wenzelii 13 LOPHOZIACEAE 6, 12 Lophoziopsis 6, 13 L. excisa 13 var. elegans 13 var. excisa 13 [var. infuscata] 13, 69 [var. succulenta] 13, 69 L. jurensis 13 L. latifolia = Lophoziopsis jurensis 13 L. longidens 13 subsp. arctica 13 subsp. longidens 13 L. pellucida 13 var. minor 14 var. pellucida 14 L. perssonii = Oleolophozia perssonii 12 L. polaris 14 var. polaris 14 var. sphagnorum 14 [L. propagulifera] 13, 67 L. propagulifera auct. eur. = Lophoziopsis jurensis 13 L. rubrigemma 14 f. arctica = Lophoziopsis longidens var. arctica 13 [Luisierella] 32 Lunularia 25 L. cruciata 25 subsp. cruciata 25 [subsp. thaxteri] 25 LUNULARIACEAE 7, 25 LUNULARIALES 7, 25 Mannia 25 M. subgenus Mannia 25 M. subgenus Neesiella 25 M. androgyna 25 M. californica 25 M. controversa 25 [subsp. asiatica] 25 subsp. controversa 25 M. fragrans 25 subsp. fragrans 25 [subsp. orientalis] 25 var. brevipes = Mannia fragrans subsp. fragrans 25 M. gracilis 25 M. pilosa 25 M. sibirica 25 M. triandra 25 Marchantia 26 M. subgenus Chlamidium 26 M. subgenus Marchantia 26 M. subgenus Preissia 26 M. section Paleacea 26 M. alpestris = Marchantia polymorpha subsp. montivagans 26 M. aquatica = Marchantia polymorpha subsp. polymorpha 26 [M. debilis] 69 M. latifolia = Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis 26 M. paleacea 26 [subsp. diptera] 26 subsp. paleacea 26 [M. pappeana] 69 M. polymorpha 26 subsp. montivagans 26 subsp. polymorpha 26 subsp. ruderalis 26 M. quadrata 26 subsp. hyperborea 26 subsp. quadrata 26 M. romanica 26 MARCHANTIACEAE 7, 26 MARCHANTIALES 7, 25 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY Marchantioideae 7, 26 Marchantiidae 7 Marchantiophyta 2, 6, 8 Marchantiopsida 7, 25 Marchesinia 23 M. subgenus Marchesinia 23 M. mackaii 23 Marsupella 16 M. adusta = Gymnomitrion adustum 16 M. alpina = Gymnomitrion alpinum 16 M. andreaeoides 16 M. aquatica 16 M. arctica 16 M. boeckii 16 M. brevissima = Gymnomitrion brevissimum 16 M. commutata = Gymnomitrion commutatum 16 M. condensata 16 M. emarginata 16 subsp. aquatica = Marsupella aquatica 16 subsp. tubulosa = Marsupella tubulosa 17 var. aquatica = Marsupella aquatica 16 var. pearsonii = Marsupella emarginata 16 M. funckii 17 var. badensis = Marsupella funckii 17 M. profunda 17 M. ramosa = Marsupella funckii 17 M. sparsifolia 17 [subsp. childii] 17 subsp. sparsifolia 17 M. sphacelata 17 M. spiniloba 17 M. sprucei 17 var. neglecta = Marsupella sprucei 17 var. ustulata = Marsupella sprucei 17 M. stableri 17 M. subemarginata 17 M. tubulosa 17 Massularia = Heterogemma 12 M. incisa = Schistochilopsis incisa 15 M. laxa = Heterogemma laxa 12 Mastigophora 20 M. woodsii 20 MASTIGOPHORACEAE 6, 20 Meesia 48 M. hexasticha 48 M. longiseta 48 M. minor 116 M. minutissima 116 M. triquetra 48 M. uliginosa 48 MEESIACEAE 7, 48 Merceyoideae 36 Mesoptychia 17 M. badensis 17 M. bantriensis 17 subsp. bantriensis 18 subsp. wallfischii 18 M. collaris 18 M. fitzgeraldiae 18 M. gillmanii 18 var. gillmanii 18 var. laxa 5, 18 M. heterocolpos 18 var. arctica 18 var. harpanthoides 18 var. heterocolpos 18 M. rutheana 18 M. sahlbergii 18 M. turbinata 18 Mesoptychioideae 17 Metzgeria 24 M. conjugata 24 subsp. simplex = Metzgeria simplex 24 var. alipila = Metzgeria conjugata 24 var. macvicari = Metzgeria conjugata 24 M. consanguinea 24, 67 M. fruticulosa auct. = Metzgeria violacea 24 M. fruticulosa = Riccardia palmata 24 M. furcata 24 var. expansa = Metzgeria furcata 24 var. flexipilis = Metzgeria furcata 24 [var. pacifica] 24 var. ulvula = Metzgeria furcata 24 [M. hamata = Metzgeria procera] 24 M. hamata auct. = Metzgeria leptoneura 24 M. leptoneura 24 [var. breviseta] 24 var. leptoneura 24 [var. polychaeta] 24 [M. procera] 24 M. pubescens 24 [M. setigera] 24 M. simplex 24 M. temperata auct. = Metzgeria consanguinea 24 [M. temperata] 24, 67 M. violacea 24 METZGERIACEAE 6, 24 METZGERIALES 6, 23 Metzgeriidae 6 Microbryum 38 M. curvicollum 38 M. davallianum 38 var. commutatum 38 var. conicum 38 var. davallianum 38 M. floerkeanum 38 M. fosbergii 38 M. longipes 38 M. rectum 38 M. starckeanum 38 M. vlassovii 38 Microcampylopus 33 M. laevigatus 33 Microeurhynchium 60 M. pumilum 60 Microhypnum 57 M. sauteri 57 Microlejeunea 23 [M. diversiloba] 67 M. ulicina 23 MICROMITRIACEAE 7, 32 Micromitrium 32 M. tenerum 32 Mielichhoferia 51 M. elongata 51 M. mielichhoferiana 51 Mielichhoferioideae 51 MNIACEAE 5, 8, 51 Mnioideae 5, 52 Mnioloma 16 M. subgenus Caracoma 16 M. fuscum 16 Mnium 5, 6, 52 M. blyttii 52 101 102 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. M. heterophyllum 52 M. latifolium = Ptychostomum schleicheri var. latifolium 6 M. hornum 52 M. latifolium = Ptychostomum schleicheri var. latifolium 6 M. lycopodioides 52 M. marginatum 52 var. dioicum 52 var. marginatum 52 M. spinosum 52 M. spinulosum 52 M. stellare 52 M. thomsonii 52 Moerckia 24 M. blyttii 24 M. flotoviana 24 M. hibernica 24 MOERCKIACEAE 7, 24 Molendoa 42 M. hornschuchiana 42 M. schliephackei 42 [M. seravschanica] 69 M. sendtneriana = Molendoa hornschuchiana 42 M. taeniatifolia 42 M. tenuinervis = Molendoa hornschuchiana 42 M. warburgii 42 Mylia 21 M. subgenus Anomalae 21 M. subgenus Mylia 21 M. anomala 21 M. taylorii 21 MYLIACEAE 6, 21 Myliineae 6 Myrinia 56 M. pulvinata 56 MYRINIACEAE 8, 56 Myriocoleopsis 22 M. minutissima 22 subsp. minutissima 22 [subsp. myriocarpa] 22 Myurella 56 M. julacea 56 M. sibirica 56 M. tenerrima 56 Myurium 65 M. hochstetteri 65 MYURIACEAE 8, 65 Myuroclada 61 M. longiramea 61 M. maximowiczii 4, 61 Nardia 17 N. breidleri 17 N. compressa 17 N. geoscyphus 17 var. bifida 17 [var. dioica] 17 var. geoscyphus 17 var. suberecta 17 N. insecta 17 N. japonica 17 N. pacifica 17 N. scalaris 17 [var. botryoidea] 17 [var. harae] 17 var. scalaris 17 Nardioideae 17 Neckera 64 N. baetica = Exsertotheca baetica 64 N. besseri = Alleniella besseri 64 N. cephalonica 64 N. complanata = Alleniella complanata 64 N. crispa = Exsertotheca crispa 64 N. intermedia = Exsertotheca intermedia 64 N. menziesii 64 N. oligocarpa 64 N. pennata 64 N. pumila 64 N. webbiana = Pseudomalia webbiana 65 NECKERACEAE 2, 8, 64, 65 Neoorthocaulis 9 N. attenuatus 9 N. binsteadii 10 N. floerkei 10 N. hyperboreus 10 Niphotrichum = Racomitrium subgenus Niphotrichum 44 N. canescens = Racomitrium canescens 44 subsp. latifolium = Racomitrium canescens subsp. latifolium 44 N. elongatum = Racomitrium elongatum 44 N. ericoides = Racomitrium ericoides 44 N. panschii = Racomitrium panschii 44 Nobregaea 60 N. latinervis 60 Nogopterium 64 N. gracile 64 NOTOTHYLADACEAE 6, 8 NOTOTHYLADALES 6, 8 Notothylatidae 6 Notothylas 8 N. subgenus Notothylas 8 N. orbicularis 8 Notothyloideae 8 Nowellia 11 N. section Nowellia 11 N. curvifolia 11 Nyholmiella 53 N. gymnostoma 54 N. obtusifolia 54 Obtusifolium 11, 12 O. obtusum 12 Ochyraea = Plathypnum 6, 57 O. tatrensis = Platyhypnum tatrense 6, 58 Octodiceras = Fissidens subgenus Octodiceras 34 O. fontanum = Fissidens fontanus 34 Odontoschisma 11 O. section Cladopodiella 11 O. section Denudata 11 O. section Neesii 11 O. section Odontoschisma 11 O. denudatum 11 subsp. denudatum 11 [subsp. naviculare] 11 [subsp. sandvicense] 11 O. elongatum 11 O. fluitans 11 O. francisci 11 O. macounii 11 O. prostratum = Odontoschisma sphagni 11 O. sphagni 11 Odontoschismatoideae 11 OEDIPODIACEAE 7, 29 OEDIPODIALES 7, 29 Oedipodiella 32 O. australis 32 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY Oedipodiopsida 7, 29 Oedipodium 29 O. griffithianum 29 Oleolophozia 12 O. perssonii 12 Oligotrichum 29 O. hercynicum 29 ONCOPHORACEAE = RHABDOWEISIACEAE 35 Oncophorus 35 O. compactus = Oncophorus wahlenbergii 35 O. demetrii 35 O. dendrophilus 35 O. elongatus 35 O. integerrimus 35 O. riparius = Kiaeria riparia 35 O. virens 35 var. elongatus = Oncophorus integerrimus 35 O. wahlenbergii 35 var. compactus = Oncophorus wahlenbergii 35 Oreas 35 O. martiana 35 Oreoweisia 35 O. torquescens 35 Orthocaulis 10 O. atlanticus 10 O. attenuatus = Neoorthocaulis attenuatus 9 O. binsteadii = Neoorthocaulis binsteadii 10 O. cavifolius 10 O. floerkei = Neoorthocaulis floerkei 10 O. hyperboreus = Neoorthocaulis hyperboreus 10 Orthodicranum = Dicranum 35 O. flagellare = Dicranum flagellare 35 O. fulvum = Dicranum fulvum 35 O. montanum = Dicranum montanum 35 O. scottianum = Dicranum scottianum 35 O. tauricum = Dicranum tauricum 35 ORTHODONTIACEAE 8, 55 ORTHODONTIALES 8, 55 Orthodontium 55 O. gracile 55 O. lineare 4, 55 O. pellucens 55 Orthogrimmia = Grimmia 45 O. alpestris = Grimmia alpestris 45 O. arenaria = Grimmia arenaria 45 O. caespiticia = Grimmia caespiticia 45 O. donniana = Grimmia donniana 45 O. montana = Grimmia montana 45 O. sessitana = Grimmia reflexidens 45 O. triformis = Grimmia triformis 45 Ortholimnobium 56 O. handelii 56 Orthomnion = Plagiomnium 52 O. affine = Plagiomnium affine 52 O. confertidens = Plagiomnium confertidens 52 O. curvatulum = Plagiomnium curvatulum 52 O. cuspidatum = Plagiomnium cuspidatum 52 O. drummondii = Plagiomnium drummondii 52 O. elatum = Plagiomnium elatum 52 O. ellipticum = Plagiomnium ellipticum 52 O. medium = Plagiomnium medium 52 O. undulatum = Plagiomnium undulatum 53 var. madeirense = Plagiomnium undulatum var. madeirensis 53 O. rostratum = Plagiomnium rostratum 53 Orthothecium 56 O. chryseon 56 O. intricatum 56 O. lapponicum 56 O. rufescens 56 O. strictum 56 ORTHOTRICHACEAE 2, 8, 53 ORTHOTRICHALES 8, 53 Orthotrichoideae 53 Orthotrichum 54 O. acuminatum = Lewinskya acuminata 53 O. affine = Lewinskya affine 53 var. bohemicum = Lewinskya affine 53 O. alpestre 54 O. anomalum 54 O. bistratosum 54 O. callistomum 54 O. cambrense 54 O. casasianum 54 O. columbicum 54 O. comosum 54 [O. consimile] 54 O. consimile auct. eur. = Orthotrichum columbicum 54 O. consobrinum 54 O. crenulatum 54 O. cupulatum 54 var. bistratosum = Orthotrichum bistratosum 54 var. cupulatum 54 var. fuscum 54 var. riparium 54 O. dagestanicum 54 O. dentatum 54 O. diaphanum 54 O. elegans = Lewinskya elegans 53 O. fastigiatum = Lewinskya fastigiata 53 O. gymnostomum = Nyholmiella gymnostoma 54 O. handiense 54 O. hispanicum 54 O. holmenii = Orthotrichum sibiricum 54 O. ibericum = Lewinskya iberica 53 O. iwatsukii = Lewinskya iwatsukii 53 O. laevigatum = Lewinskya laevigata 53 var. japonicum = Lewinskya iwatsukii 53 O. lyellii = Pulvigera lyellii 54 O. macounii 53 subsp. japonicum = Lewinskya iwatsukii 53 O. macrocephalum 54 O. microcarpum 54 O. moravicum 54 O. obtusifolium = Nyholmiella obtusifolia 54 O. pallens 54 O. patens 54 O. pellucidum 54 O. philibertii 54 O. pulchellum 54 O. pumilum 54 O. pylaisii = Lewinskya pylaisii 53 O. rivulare 54 O. rogeri 54 O. rupestre = Lewinskya rupestris 53 O. scanicum 54 O. schimperi 54 O. shawii = Lewinskya shawii 53 O. shevockii 54 O. sibiricum 54 O. sordidum = Lewinskya sordida 53 O. speciosum = Lewinskya speciosa 53 var. brevisetum = Lewinskya breviseta 53 O. sprucei 54 103 104 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. O. stellatum 54 O. stramineum 54 O. striatum = Lewinskya striata 53 O. tenellum 54 O. tortidontium = Lewinskya tortidontia 53 [O. urnaceum] 69 O. urnigerum 54 O. vittii 54 O. vladikavkana = Lewinskya vladikavkana 53 Osculatia = Bryum 3, 48 O. apiculata = Anomobryum apiculatum 48 O. barnesii = Bryum dichotomum 48 O. bicolor = Bryum dichotomum 48 O. bornholmensis = Ptychostomum bornholmense 50 O. caespiticia = Ptychostomum imbricatulum 50 O. demaretiana = Bryum demaretianum 48 O. dichotoma = Bryum dichotomum 48 O. gemmifera = Bryum gemmiferum 49 O. gemmilucens = Bryum gemmilucens 49 O. klinggraeffii = Bryum klinggraeffii 49 O. kunzei = Ptychostomum kunzei 51 O. radiculosa = Bryum radiculosum 49 O. rubens = Ptychostomum rubens 51 O. ruderalis = Bryum ruderale 49 O. sauteri = Bryum sauteri 49 O. subapiculata = Imbribryum subapiculatum 49 O. tenuiseta = Imbribryum tenuisetum 49 O. valparaisense = Bryum valparaisense 49 O. violacea = Bryum violaceum 49 Oxymitra 26 O. incrassata 26 OXYMITRACEAE 7, 26 Oxyrrhynchium 60 O. hians 60 O. pumilum = Microeurhynchium pumilum 60 O. schleicheri 60 O. speciosum 60 Oxystegus = Chionoloma 40 O. daldinianus = Chionoloma daldinianum 40 O. hibernicus = Chionoloma hibernicum 40 O. minor = Chionoloma minus 41 O. recurvifolius = Chionoloma recurvifolium 41 O. tenuirostris = Chionoloma tenuirostre 41 var. holtii = Chionoloma tenuirostre var. holtii 41 Palamocladium 59 P. euchloron 59 [P. leskeoides] 69 Pallavicinia 24 P. lyellii 24 PALLAVICINIACEAE 7, 24 PALLAVICINIALES 7, 24 Pallaviciniineae 7 Pallavicinioideae 24 Paludella 48 P. squarrosa 48 Palustriella 56 P. commutata 56 var. sulcata = Palustriella falcata 56 P. decipiens 56 P. falcata 56 P. pluristratosa = Palustriella falcata 56 Paraleptodontium recurvifolium = Chionoloma recurvifolium 41 Paraleucobryum 35 P. enerve 35 P. longifolium 35 var. sauteri = Paraleucobryum sauteri 35 P. sauteri 35 Pedinophyllum 20 P. interruptum 20 Pelekium 59 P. atlanticum 59 P. minutulum 59 Pellia 25 P. endiviifolia = Apopellia endiviifolia 24 P. epiphylla 25 subsp. borealis 25 subsp. epiphylla 25 P. neesiana 25 PELLIACEAE 7, 24 PELLIALES 7, 24 Pelliidae 6 Peltolepis 25 P. quadrata 25 [Perssonia sanguinea] 69 PETALOPHYLLACEAE 7, 24 Petalophyllum 24 P. ralfsii 24 Phaeoceros 8 P. bulbiculosus = Phymatoceros bulbiculosus 8 P. carolinianus 8 P. laevis 8 subsp. carolinianus = Phaeoceros carolinianus 8 Phaeocerotideae 6, 8 Phascum = Tortula 39 P. cuspidatum = Tortula acaulon 39 var. cuspidatum = Tortula acaulon var. acaulon 39 var. papillosum = Tortula acaulon var. papillosa 39 var. piliferum = Tortula acaulon var. pilifera 39 var. retortifolium = Tortula acaulon var. retortifolia 39 var. schreberianum = Tortula acaulon var. schreberiana 39 P. vlassovii = Microbryum vlassovii 38 Philonotis 47 P. section Bartramidula 47 P. section Homomorphae 47 P. section Philonotis 47 P. section Philonotula 47 P. arnellii = Philonotis capillaris 47 P. caespitosa 47 P. calcarea 47 P. capillaris 47 P. cernua 47 P. falcata 47 P. fontana 47 P. hastata 47 [P. laxitexta] 69 P. marchica 47 [P. nanothecioidea] 69 P. rigida 47 P. seriata 47 P. tomentella 47 P. uncinata 47 P. yezoana 47 Phymatoceros 8 P. bulbiculosus 8 PHYMATOCEROTACEAE 6, 8 PHYMATOCERATALES 6, 8 Physcomitrella = Physcomitrium 31 P. patens = Physcomitrium patens 31 P. readeri = Physcomitrium readeri 32 Physcomitridium = Physcomitrium 31, 32 P. readeri = Physcomitrium readeri 32 Physcomitrium 31 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY P. arenicola 31 P. eurystomum 31 subsp. acuminatum 31 subsp. eurystomum 31 [P. immersum] 69 [P. niloticum] 69 P. patens 31 P. pyriforme 31 P. readeri 32 P. sphaericum 32 P. × stevensonii 116 PILOTRICHACEAE 8, 55 Plagiobryoides = Ptychostomum 3, 50 P. cellularis = Ptychostomum cellulare 50 Plagiobryum = Ptychostomum 3, 50 P. demissum = Ptychostomum demissum 50 P. zieri = Ptychostomum zieri 51 Plagiochasma 25 P. subgenus Micropylum 25 P. subgenus Plagiochasma 25 P. appendiculatum 25 [P. eximium] 69 [P. microcephalum var. tunesicum] 69 P. rupestre 25 var. rupestre 25 [var. volkii] 25 Plagiochila 20 P. section Arrectae 20 P. section Fuscoluteae 20 P. section Glauscentes 20 P. section Plagiochila 20 P. section Poeltiae 21 P. section Rutilantes 21 P. section Vagae 21 [P. ambagiosa = Plagiochila spinulosa] 67 P. arctica 20 subsp. arctica = Plagiochila arctica 20 var. arctica 20 [var. intermedia] 20 P. asplenioides 21 subsp. arctica = Plagiochila arctica 20 subsp. porelloides = Plagiochila porelloides 21 var. devexa = Plagiochila porelloides var. porelloides 21 var. humilis = Plagiochila porelloides var. porelloides 21 var. lobata = Plagiochila asplenioides var. arctica 20 var. minor = Plagiochila porelloides var. porelloides 21 var. subarctica = Plagiochila porelloides var. subarctica 21 P. atlantica = Plagiochila heterophylla var. heterophylla 20 P. bifaria 20 var. bifaria 20 [var. rosea] 20 P. britannica 21 P. carringtonii 21 subsp. carringtonii 21 [subsp. lobuchensis] 21 P. dubia auct. eur. = P. virginica 21 [P. dubia = Plagiochila patula] 67 P. exigua 21 P. heterophylla 20 [var. beauverdii] 20 var. heterophylla 20 [P. javanica] 67 P. longispina 20 P. maderensis 21 P. major = Plagiochila asplenioides 21 P. norvegica = Plagiochila porelloides var. norvegica 21 P. papillifolia 20 [P. patula] 21, 67 P. porelloides 21 var. norvegica 21 var. porelloides 21 var. subarctica 21 P. punctata 20 P. retrorsa 20 P. spinulosa 20 P. stricta 20 [P. uniformis] 67 P. virginica 21, 67 [var. caroliniana] 21 [var. euryphylla] 21 var. virginica 21 PLAGIOCHILACEAE 6, 20 Plagiomnium 52 P. section Plagiomnium 52 P. section Rostrata 53 P. section Undulata 52 P. affine 52 P. confertidens 52 P. curvatulum 52 P. cuspidatum 52 P. drummondii 52 P. elatum 52 P. ellipticum 52 P. medium 52 P. rostratum 53 P. undulatum 53 var. madeirense 53 var. undulatum 53 Plagiopus 47 P. oederianus 47 var. alpinus 47 var. oederianus 47 PLAGIOTHECIACEAE 8, 55 Plagiothecium 55 P. berggrenianum 55 P. cavifolium 55 P. curvifolium 55 P. denticulatum 55 var. denticulatum 55 var. obtusifolium 55 var. undulatum 55 P. handelii = Ortholimnobium handelii 56 P. laetum 55 P. latebricola 55 P. neckeroideum 56 P. nemorale 56 P. noricum = Plagiothecium neckeroideum 56 P. piliferum 56 P. platyphyllum 56 P. rossicum 56 P. succulentum 56 P. svalbardense 56 P. undulatum 56 Plasteurhynchium 59 P. meridionale 59 P. striatulum 59 Platydictya 56 P. jungermannioides 56 [Platygyrella densa] 69 Platygyrium 62 P. repens 62 Platyhypnidium = Rhynchostegium 59 P. grolleanum = Rhynchostegium riparioides 60 P. lusitanicum = Rhynchostegium alopecuroides 59 105 106 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. P. mutatum = Rhynchostegium alopecuroides 59 P. torrenticola = Rhynchostegium riparioides 60 Platyhypnum 6, 57 P. alpestre 57 P. alpinum 57 P. cochlearifolium 58 P. duriusculum 58 P. molle 58 P. montanum = Campylophyllum montanum 57 P. norvegicum 58 P. smithii 58 P. tatrense 6, 58 [Plaubelia sprengelii] 70 Plectocolea = Solenostoma 18 P. hyalina = Solenostoma hyalinum 18 P. obovata = Solenostoma obovatum 18 P. subelliptica = Solenostoma subellipticum 18 Plenogemma 54 P. phyllantha 54 Pleuridium 36 P. acuminatum 36 P. palustre = Cleistocarpidium palustre 36 P. subulatum 36 Pleurochaete = Tortella 42 P. squarrosa = Tortella squarrosa 42 Pleurocladula = Fuscocephaloziopsis 10 P. affinis = Fuscocephaloziopsis affinis 10 P. albescens = Fuscocephaloziopsis albescens 10 var. islandica = Fuscocephaloziopsis albescens var. islandica 10 P. catenulata = Fuscocephaloziopsis catenulata 10 P. connivens = Fuscocephaloziopsis connivens 10 P. leucantha = Fuscocephaloziopsis leucantha 11 P. loitlesbergeri = Fuscocephaloziopsis loitlesbergeri 11 P. lunulifolia = Fuscocephaloziopsis lunulifolia 11 P. macrostachya = Fuscocephaloziopsis macrostachya 11 P. pleniceps = Fuscocephaloziopsis pleniceps 11 Pleurozia 24 P. subgenus Constantifolia 24 [P. gigantea] 69 P. purpurea 24 PLEUROZIACEAE 6, 24 PLEUROZIALES 6, 24 Pleurozium 64 P. schreberi 64 Pogonatum 29 P. aloides 29 P. dentatum 29 P. nanum 29 P. neesii 29 P. urnigerum 29 Pohlia 52 [P. alba] 70 P. andalusica 52 P. andrewsii 52 P. annotina 52 P. atropurpurea 52 P. beringiensis 52 P. bolanderi 52 P. bulbifera 52 P. camptotrachela 52 P. cruda 52 P. crudoides 52 P. drummondii 52 P. elongata 52 var. acuminata 52 var. elongata 52 var. greenii 52 P. erecta 52 P. filum 52 P. flexuosa 52 var. flexuosa 52 var. pseudomuyldermansii 52 P. inclinata = Ptychostomum inclinatum 50 P. lescuriana 52 P. longicolla 52, 68 P. ludwigii 52 P. lutescens 52 P. melanodon 52 P. nutans 52 subsp. nutans 52 subsp. schimperi 52 P. obtusifolia 52 P. proligera 52 [P. philonotula] 68 [P. saprophila] 68, 70 P. scotica 52 P. sphagnicola 52 P. tundrae 52 P. vexans 52 P. wahlenbergii 52 var. calcarea 52 var. glacialis 52 var. wahlenbergii 52 POLYTRICHACEAE 2, 7, 29 POLYTRICHALES 7, 29 Polytrichastrum 29 P. alpinum 29 var. fragile = Polytrichastrum fragile 30 var. septentrionale = Polytrichastrum septentrionale 30 P. altaicum 29 P. formosum = Polytrichum formosum 30 var. densifolium = Polytrichum densifolium 30 P. fragile 30 P. longisetum = Polytrichum longisetum 30 P. norwegicum = Polytrichastrum alpinum 29 P. pallidisetum = Polytrichum pallidisetum 30 P. septentrionale 30 P. sexangulare 30 var. vulcanicum = Polytrichastrum sphaerothecium 30 P. sphaerothecium 30 Polytrichopsida 7, 29 Polytrichum 30 P. alpestre = Polytrichum strictum 30 P. alpinum = Polytrichastrum alpinum 29 var. arcticum = Polytrichastrum alpinum 29 [P. appressum = Polytrichum subpilosum] 30 P. commune 30 var. commune = Polytrichum commune 30 var. humile = Polytrichum perigoniale 30 var. perigoniale = Polytrichum perigoniale 30 var. swartzii = Polytrichum swartzii 30 var. uliginosum = Polytrichum commune 30 P. densifolium 30 P. formosum 30 var. densifolium = Polytrichum densifolium 30 P. fragile = Polytrichastrum fragile 30 P. hyperboreum 30 P. jensenii 30 P. juniperinum 30 P. longisetum 30 P. pallidisetum 30 P. perigoniale 30 P. piliferum 30 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY P. septentrionale = Polytrichastrum septentrionale 30 P. sexangulare = Polytrichastrum sexangulare 30 P. sphaerothecium = Polytrichastrum sphaerothecium 30 P. strictum 30 [P. subpilosum] 30 P. swartzii 30 P. uliginosum = Polytrichum commune 30 Porella 23 P. arboris-vitae 23 subsp. arboris-vitae 23 [subsp. nitidula] 23 var. killarniensis = Porella arboris-vitae subsp. arboris-vitae 23 var. obscura = Porella arboris-vitae subsp. arboris-vitae 23 P. baueri 23 P. canariensis 23 P. cordaeana 23 var. faeroensis = Porella cordaeana 23 var. simplicior = Porella cordaeana 23 P. inaequalis 23 [P. navicularis] 67 P. obtusata 23 P. pinnata 23 P. platyphylla 23, 67 var. subsquarrosa = Porella platyphylla 23 [P. platyphylloidea] 67 PORELLACEAE 6, 23 PORELLALES 6, 21 Porellineae 6 Pottia = Tortula 39 P. commutata = Microbryum davallianum var. commutatum 38 P. conica = Microbryum davallianum var. conicum 38 P. crinita = Tortula viridifolia 40 P. intermedia = Tortula caucasica 39 P. lanceolata = Tortula lindbergii 40 P. starckeana = Microbryum starckeanum 38 subsp. conica = Microbryum davallianum var. conicum 38 POTTIACEAE 2, 7, 36 Pottioideae 36 Pottiopsis 42 P. caespitosa 42 Prasanthus 17 [P. jamalicus] 69 P. suecicus 17 Preissia = Marchantia subgenus Preissia 26 P. quadrata = Marchantia quadrata 26 subsp. hyperborea = Marchantia quadrata subsp. hyperborea 26 Protobryum = Tortula 39 Protobryum bryoides = Tortula protobryoides 40 Protolophozia 12 P. elongata 12 P. herzogiana 12 Pseudanomodon 64 P. attenuatus 64 Pseudephemerum 36 P. nitidum 36 Pseudoamblystegium 58 P. subtile 58 Pseudobryum 53 P. cinclidioides 53 Pseudocalliergon = Drepanocladus 57 P. angustifolium = Drepanocladus angustifolius 57 P. brevifolium = Drepanocladus brevifolius 57 P. lycopodioides = Drepanocladus lycopodioides 57 P. trifarium = Drepanocladus trifarius 57 P. turgescens = Drepanocladus turgescens 57 Pseudocampylium 58 P. radicale 58 Pseudocrossidium 38 P. hornschuchianum 38 P. obtusulum 38 P. replicatum 38 P. revolutum 38 Pseudohygrohypnum 63 P. eugyrium 63 P. fertile 63 P. subeugyrium 63 Pseudoleskea = Lescuraea 59 P. artariae = Pseudoleskeopsis artariae 59 P. incurvata = Lescuraea incurvata 59 P. patens = Lescuraea patens 59 P. radicosa = Lescuraea radicosa 59 P. saviana = Lescuraea saviana 59 PSEUDOLESKEACEAE 8, 59 Pseudoleskeella 59 P. catenulata 59 P. nervosa 59 P. papillosa 59 P. rupestris 59 P. tectorum 59 PSEUDOLESKEELLACEAE 8, 59 Pseudoleskeopsis 59 P. artariae 59 [P. bollei] 70 [P. pseudoattenuata] 70 Pseudolophozia = Barbilophozia subgenus Sudeticae 9 P. debiliformis = Barbilophozia sudetica 9 P. sudetica = Barbilophozia sudetica 9 Pseudomalia 65 P. webbiana 65 Pseudomarsupidium 9 P. decipiens 9 Pseudorhynchostegiella 60 P. duriaei 60 Pseudoscleropodium 59 P. purum 59 Pseudostereodon 63 P. procerrimus 63 [Pseudosymblepharis] 40 P. bombayensis = Chionoloma bombayense 40 Pseudotaxiphyllum 56 P. elegans 56 P. laetevirens 56 Pseudotritomaria 14 P. heterophylla 14 Psilopilum 30 P. cavifolium 30 P. laevigatum 30 PTERIGYNANDRACEAE 8, 56 Pterigynandrum 56 P. filiforme 56 var. majus = Pterigynandrum filiforme 56 Pterogonium = Nogopterium 64 P. gracile = Nogopterium gracile 64 Pterygoneurum 39 P. compactum = Pterygoneurum ovatum 39 P. crossidioides = Pterygoneurum ovatum 39 P. kozlovii 39 P. lamellatum 39 P. ovatum 39 P. papillosum 39 P. sampaianum 39 107 108 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. P. squamosum = Pterygoneurum ovatum 39 P. subsessile 39 PTILIDIACEAE 6, 23 PTILIDIALES 6, 23 Ptilidium 23 P. ciliare 23 P. pulcherrimum 23 var. subpinnatum = Ptilidium pulcherrimum 23 Ptilium 63 P. crista-castrensis 63 Ptychanthoideae 23 Ptychodium = Lescuraea 59 P. plicatum = Lescuraea plicata 59 PTYCHOMITRIACEAE 7, 43 Ptychomitrium 44 P. incurvum 44 P. nigrescens 44 P. polyphyllum 44 Ptychostomum 3, 6, 50 P. archangelicum = Ptychostomum inclinatum 50 P. arcticum 50 P. austriacum 6, 50 P. boreale = Ptychostomum pallescens 51 P. bornholmense 50 P. calophyllum 50 P. capillare 50 P. cellulare 6, 50 P. cernuum 50 P. compactum 50 var. compactum 50 var. rutheanum 50 P. creberrimum 50 P. cryophilum 50 P. cyclophyllum 50 P. demissum 50 P. donianum 50 P. elegans 6, 50 P. funkii 50 P. imbricatulum 3, 50 P. imbricatum = Ptychostomum inclinatum 50 P. inclinatum 50 P. intermedium 50 P. knowltonii 50 P. kunzei 50 P. longisetum 51 P. minii 6, 51 P. moravicum 51 P. neodamense = Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum 51 P. pallens 51 P. pallescens 51 P. pseudotriquetrum 3, 51 var. bimum 51 var. pseudotriquetrum 51 P. rubens 51 P. salinum 51 P. schleicheri 6, 51 var. latifolium 6, 51 var. schleicheri 51 P. torquescens 51 P. turbinatum 51 P. warneum 51 P. weigelii 51 P. wrightii 51 P. zieri 51 Pulvigera 54 P. lyellii 54 Pylaisia 63 P. polyantha 63 P. selwynii 63 PYLAISIACEAE 8, 63 PYLAISIADELPHACEAE 8, 62 Pyramidula 31 P. tetragona 31 Pyramiduloideae 31 Racomitrioideae 44 Racomitrium 44 R. subgenus Cataracta 44 R. subgenus Ellipticodryptodon 44 R. subgenus Niphotrichum 44 R. subgenus Racomitrium 44 R. aciculare 44 R. affine 44 R. aquaticum 44 R. canescens 44 subsp. canescens 44 subsp. latifolium 44 R. ellipticum 44 R. elongatum 44 R. ericoides 44 R. fasciculare 44 R. hespericum 44 R. heterostichum 44 R. himalayanum 44 R. lamprocarpum 44 R. lanuginosum 44 R. lusitanicum 44 R. macounii 44 subsp. alpinum 44 subsp. macounii 44 R. microcarpon 44 R. nivale 44 R. obtusum 44 R. panschii 44 R. sudeticum 44 Radula 23 R. subgenus Radula 23 R. subgenus Volutoradula 23 R. aquilegia 23 R. carringtonii 23 R. complanata 23 subsp. lindenbergiana = Radula lindenbergiana 23 var. alpestris = Radula complanata 23 R. holtii 23 R. jonesii 23 R. lindbergiana = Radula lindenbergiana 23 R. lindenbergiana 23 R. nudicaulis 23 var. delicatula 23 var. nudicaulis 23 [R. prolifera] 69 R. voluta 23 R. visianica 23 R. wichurae 23 RADULACEAE 6, 23 Radulineae 6 Reboulia 25 R. hemisphaerica 25 [subsp. acrogyna] 25 subsp. australis 25 subsp. dioica 25 subsp. hemisphaerica 25 [subsp. orientalis] 25 [subsp. paradoxa] 25 [var. fissisquama] 25 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY [var. turkestanica] 25 Rhabdoweisia 35 R. crenulata 35 R. crispata 35 R. fugax 35 RHABDOWEISIACEAE; 7, 35 Rhamphidium 36 R. purpuratum 36 RHIZOGONIACEAE 8, 55 RHIZOGONIALES 8, 55 Rhizomnium 53 R. andrewsianum 53 R. gracile 53 R. magnifolium 53 R. pseudopunctatum 53 R. punctatum 53 var. hermanperssonii 53 var. punctatum 53 [R. striatulum] 70 Rhodobryum 3, 51 R. ontariense 51 R. roseum 51 Rhynchostegiella 60 R. azorica 60 R. bourgaeana 60 R. curviseta 60 R. durieui = Pseudorhynchostegiella durieui 60 R. jacquinii = Rhynchostegiella teneriffae 60 R. litorea 60 R. macilenta = Rhynchostegiella teneriffae 60 R. pseudolitorea 60 R. teesdalei = Rhynchostegiella teneriffae 60 R. tenella 60 var. meridionalis = Rhynchostegiella litorea 60 R. teneriffae 60 R. tenuicaulis = Brachythecium tenuicaule 60 R. trichophylla 60 R. tubulosa 60 Rhynchostegium 59 R. alopecuroides 59 R. arcticum = Rhynchostegium murale 60 R. confertum 59 R. confusum 59 R. megapolitanum 60 R. murale 60 R. riparioides 60 R. rotundifolium 60 R. strongylense 60 RHYTIDIACEAE 8, 64 Rhytidiadelphus 64 R. loreus 64 R. squarrosus 64 R. subpinnatus 64 R. triquetrus = Hylocomiadelphus triquetrus 63 Rhytidium 64 R. rugosum 64 Riccardia 23 R. subgenus Riccardia 23 R. section Riccardia 23 R. chamedryfolia 23 var. major = Riccardia chamedryfolia 23 var. submersa = Riccardia chamedryfolia 23 R. incurvata 23 R. latifrons 23 subsp. arctica 23 subsp. latifrons 23 [var. miyakeana] 23 109 R. multifida 23 [subsp. decrescens] 23 subsp. multifida 23 [subsp. synoica] 23 R. palmata 23 Riccia 4, 26 R. subgenus Riccia 26 R. subgenus Ricciella 27 R. section Pilifer 27 R. section Riccia 26 R. section Ricciella 27 R. section Spongodes 27 R. atlantica 26 R. atromarginata 26 var. atromarginata 26 [var. jovet-astiae] 26 R. beyrichiana 26 R. bicarinata 26 R. bifurca 26 var. subinermis = Riccia bifurca 26 R. boumanii 27 R. breidleri 26 [R. bullosa] 67 [R. capensis = Riccia concava] 67 R. cavernosa 27 var. angustior = Riccia cavernosa 27 R. canaliculata 27 R. canescens = Riccia ciliata 26 [R. chudoana] 69 R. ciliata 26 var. epilosa = Riccia ciliata 26 var. intumescens = Riccia ciliata 26 var. violacea = Riccia ciliata 26 R. ciliifera 26 [R. concava] 67 [R. congoana] 69 [R. crinita] 26 R. crinita auct. eur. = Riccia ciliata 26 R. crozalsii 26 R. crustata 27 R. crystallina 26 R. dalslandica = Riccia ciliata 26 R. duplex 27 var. duplex 27 [var. megaspora] 27 R. fluitans 27, 68 R. frostii 27 [var. crystallinoides] 27 var. frostii 27 R. glauca 26 var. ciliaris 26 var. glauca 26 var. major = Riccia glauca 26 var. subinermis = Riccia glauca var. ciliaris 26 R. gothica 26 R. gougetiana 26 var. armatissima 26 var. gougetiana 26 R. huebeneriana 27 subsp. huebeneriana 27 [subsp. sullivantii] 27 var. pseudo-frostii = Riccia huebeneriana subsp. huebeneriana 27 R. intumescens = Riccia ciliata 26 R. lamellosa 26 R. ligula 26 [R. limbata] 67 110 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. R. lindenbergiana = Riccia sorocarpa subsp. arctica 26 R. macrocarpa 26 [R. mamillata] 69 R. marginata = Riccia beyrichiana 26 R. melitensis = Riccia ciliifera 26 R. michelii 26 R. nigrella 26, 67 R. oelandica = Riccia subbifurca 27 [R. oerstediana] 68 R. papillosa 26 R. perennis 27 [R. polycarpa] 69 R. rhenana 27 var. rhenana 27 var. violacea 27 R. sommieri 26 R. sorocarpa 26 subsp. arctica 4, 26 subsp. erythrophora 5, 27 subsp. sorocarpa 27 var. arctica = Riccia sorocarpa subsp. arctica 4 var. heegii = Riccia sorocarpa 26 R. subbifurca 27 R. teneriffae = Riccia cavernosa 27 R. trabutiana 27 R. trichocarpa = Riccia ciliata 26 R. warnstorfii 27 var. ciliaris= Riccia warnstorfii 27 var. commutata = Riccia warnstorfii 27 var. subinermis = Riccia warnstorfii 27 RICCIACEAE 7, 26 Ricciocarpos 27 R. natans 27 Riella 27 R. subgenus Riella 27 R. subgenus Trabutiella 27 R. affinis 27 R. battandieri 27 R. bialata 27 R. cossoniana 27 [R. cyrenaica] 27, 69 R. echinata 27 R. gallica 27 R. helicophylla 27 var. helicophylla 27 var. macrocarpa 27 R. mediterranea 27 R. notarisii 27 [R. numidica] 69 [R. parisii] 68, 69 R. reuteri 27 [R. sersuensis] 27, 69 RIELLACEAE 7, 27 Roaldia 63 R. dolomitica 63 R. revoluta 63 Rosulabryum = Ptychostomum 3, 50 [R. albolimbatum] 50 [R. billardierei] 50 R. bornholmense = Ptychostomum bornholmense 50 R. canariense = Bryum canariense 48 R. capillare = Ptychostomum capillare 50 R. donianum = Ptychostomum donianum 50 R. elegans = Ptychostomum elegans 50 R. laevifilum = Ptychostomum moravicum 51 R. rubens = Ptychostomum rubens 51 R. torquescens = Ptychostomum torquescens 51 Saccobasis 14 S. polita 14 S. polymorpha 14 Saccogyna 18 S. viticulosa 18 SACCOGYNACEAE 6, 18 Saelania 43 S. glaucescens 43 SAELANIACEAE 7, 43 Sanionia 58 S. nivalis 58, 68 [S. georgicouncinata] 58, 68 S. georgicouncinata auct. eur. = Sanionia nivalis 58 S. orthothecioides 58 S. uncinata 58 Sarmentypnum 58 S. exannulatum 58 S. procerum 58 S. sarmentosum 58 S. trichophyllum 58 S. tundrae 58 Sauteria 25 S. section Sauteria 25 S. alpina 25 Scapania 5, 14 S. subgenus Gracilidae 14 S. subgenus Plicaticalyx 14 S. subgenus Scapania 14 S. section Aequilobae 14 S. section Apiculatae 14 S. section Compactae 14 S. section Curtae 15 S. section Cuspiduligerae 15 S. section Hyperboreae 15 S. section Kaalaasia 15 S. section Nemorosae 15 S. section Planifoliae 14 S. section Scapania 15 S. section Scapaniella 15 S. section Simmonsiae 15 S. section Sphaeriferae 15 S. section Verrucosae 15 S. aequiloba 14 S. apiculata 14 S. aspera 14 S. brevicaulis auct. eur. = Scapania degenii 15 [S. brevicaulis] 15, 69 var. dubia = Scapania degenii 15 S. calcicola 15 S. carinthiaca 14 var. carinthiaca 14 var. massalongi 14 S. compacta 14 S. crassiretis 15 S. curta 15 var. curta 15 var. grandiretis 15 var. isoloba 15 S. cuspiduligera 15 var. cuspiduligera 15 [var. diplophyllopsis] 15 S. degenii 15 var. dubia = Scapania degenii 15 S. glaucocephala 15 var. glaucocephala 14 [var. saxicola] 15 var. scapanoides = Scapania scapanioides 15 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY S. S. S. S. S. gracilis 14 gymnostomophila 15 helvetica 15 hyperborea 15 irrigua 15 subsp. irrigua 15 subsp. rufescens 15 var. rubescens = Scapania irrigua subsp. irrigua 15 S. kaurinii 14 S. ligulifolia 15 S. lingulata 15 var. lingulata 15 var. microphylla 15 [S. microdonta] 69 S. mucronata 15 subsp. praetervisa = Scapania praetervisa 15 S. nemorea 15 S. nimbosa 14 S. obcordata 15 S. obscura 15 S. ornithopodioides 14 S. paludicola 5, 15 var. paludicola 15 var. rotundiloba 5, 15 var. rufescens = Scapania paludicola 15 [var. viridigemma] 15 S. paludosa 15 var. isoloba = Scapania paludosa 15 var. rubiginosa = Scapania paludosa 15 var. vogesiaca = Scapania paludosa 15 S. paradoxa = Scapania obcordata 15 S. parvifolia 15 S. praetervisa 15 S. scandica 15 var. argutedentata 15 [var. dimorpha] 15 var. grandiretis 15 var. scandica 15 S. scapanioides 15 S. simmonsii 15 S. sphaerifera 15 S. spitsbergensis 15 S. subalpina 15 [var. haynesiae] 15 [var. muddiae] 15 var. subalpina 15 S. tundrae 15 S. uliginosa 15 S. umbrosa 15 S. undulata 15 var. aequatiformis = Scapania undulata 15 var. dentata = Scapania undulata 15 var. oakesii = Scapania undulata 15 S. verrucosa 15 S. zemliae 15 SCAPANIACEAE 6, 14 Schistidium 46 S. abrupticostatum 46 S. agassizii 46 S. andreaeopsis 46 S. apocarpum 46 S. atrichum 46 S. atrofuscum 46 S. boreale 46 S. brunnescens 46 subsp. brunnescens 46 subsp. griseum 46 S. bryhnii 46 S. canadense 46 [S. cinclidodonteum] 70 S. confertum 46 S. confusum 46 S. convergens 46 S. crassipilum 46 S. crenatum 46 S. dupretii 46 S. echinatum 46 S. elegantulum 46 subsp. elegantulum 46 subsp. wilsonii 46 S. flaccidum 46 S. flexipile 46 S. frigidum 46 var. frigidum 46 var. havaasii 46 S. frisvollianum 46 S. grande 46 S. grandirete 46 S. helveticum 46 S. holmenianum 46 S. lancifolium 46 S. marginale 46 S. maritimum 46 subsp. maritimum 46 subsp. piliferum 46 S. memnonium 116 S. obscurum 46 S. occidentale 46 S. papillosum 46 S. platyphyllum 46 var. abrupticostatum = Schistidium abrupticostatum 46 S. poeltii 46 S. pruinosum 46 S. pulchrum 46 S. recurvum 46 S. rivulare 46 S. robustum 46 S. scandicum 46 S. sibiricum 46 S. sinensiapocarpum 46 S. singarense = Schistidium helveticum 46 S. sordidum 46 S. spinosum 46 S. strictum 46 S. subconfertum 46 S. subflaccidum 46 S. subjulaceum 46 S. submuticum 46 subsp. arcticum 46 subsp. submuticum 46 S. succulentum 46 S. tenerum 46 S. tenuinerve 46 S. trichodon 46 var. nutans 46 var. trichodon 46 S. umbrosum 46 S. venetum 46 Schistochilopsis 15 S. grandiretis 15 S. elegans = Lophoziopsis excisa var. elegans 13 S. hyperarctica 15 S. incisa 15 var. inermis = Schistochilopsis incisa 15 111 112 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. S. opacifolia 15 Schistostega 36 S. pennata 36 SCHISTOSTEGACEAE 7, 36 Schizophyllopsis 10 S. sphenoloboides 10 Schizymenium 52 S. pontevedrense 52 Schljakovia 10 S. kunzeana 10 Schljakovianthus 10 S. quadrilobus 10 Sciuro-hypnum 61 S. curtum 61 S. dovrense 61 S. flotowianum 61 S. glaciale 61 S. latifolium 61 S. oedipodium 62 S. ornellanum 62 S. plumosum 62 S. populeum 62 S. reflexum 62 S. starkei 62 S. tromsoeense 62 Scleropodium 62 S. cespitans 62 S. touretii 62 Scopelophila 36 S. cataractae 36 S. ligulata 36 SCORPIDIACEAE 8, 58 Scorpidium 58 S. cossonii 58 S. revolvens 58 S. scorpioides 58 Scorpiurium 60 S. circinatum 60 S. deflexifolium 60 S. sendtneri 60 Seligeria 43 S. subgenus Blindiadelphus = Blindiadelphus 43 S. subgenus Megalosporia 43 S. subgenus Seligeria 43 S. austriaca 43 S. acutifolia 43 S. alpestris = Seligeria patula 43 S. brevifolia 43 S. calcarea 43 S. calycina 43 S. campylopoda = Blindiadelphus campylopodus 43 S. carniolica 43 S. diversifolia = Blindiadelphus diversifolius 43 S. donniana 43 S. galinae = Seligeria donniana 43 S. irrigata 43 S. oelandica 43 S. patula 43 var. alpestris = Seligeria patula 43 S. paucifolia auct. eur. = Seligeria calycina 43 S. polaris = Blindiadelphus polaris 43 S. pusilla 43 S. recurvata = Blindiadelphus recurvatus 43 S. subimmersa = Blindiadelphus subimmersus 43 S. transylvanica = Brachydontium trichodes 43 S. trifaria 43 var. longifolia 43 var. trifaria 43 S. tristichoides 43 var. patula = Seligeria patula 43 SELIGERIACEAE 7, 43 SEMATOPHYLLACEAE 8, 63 Sematophyllum 63 S. adnatum 4, 63 S. demissum 63 S. substrumulosum 63 Serpoleskea 58 S. confervoides 58 Solenostoma 18 S. subgenus Eucalyx 18 S. subgenus Metasolenostoma 18 S. subgenus Plectocolea 18 S. subgenus Solenostoma 18 S. callithrix 18 S. caucasicum 18 S. confertissimum 18 S. gracillimum 18 S. handelii 18 S. hyalinum 18 [S. lignicola] 69 S. obovatum 18 S. paroicum 18 S. pusillum = Solenostoma sphaerocarpum 18 S. sphaerocarpum 18 var. nanum = Solenostoma sphaerocarpum 18 S. subellipticum 18 [S. subtilissimum] 69 SOLENOSTOMATACEAE 6, 18 Southbya 19 S. nigrella 19 S. tophacea 19 SOUTHBYACEAE 6, 19 SPHAEROCARPACEAE 7, 27 SPHAEROCARPALES 7, 27 Sphaerocarpos 27 S. subgenus Austrosphaerocarpos 27 S. subgenus Sphaerocarpos 27 S. europaeus 27, 67 S. michelii 27 S. stipitatus 4, 27 S. texanus auct. = Sphaerocarpos europaeus 27, 68 [S. texanus] 27, 68 SPHAGNACEAE 2, 7, 27 SPHAGNALES 7, 27 SPHAGNOPHYTINA 7 SPHAGNOPSIDA 7, 27 Sphagnum 27 S. subgenus Acutifolia 28 S. subgenus Cuspidata 28 S. subgenus Rigida 28 S. subgenus Sphagnum 28 S. subgenus Subsecunda 28 S. section Acutifolia 28 S. section Insulosa 28 S. section Polyclada 28 S. section Squarrosa 28 S. affine 28 var. flagellare = Sphagnum affine 28 S. angermanicum 28 S. angustifolium 28 S. annulatum 28 S. aongstroemii 28 S. arcticum 28 S. auriculatum 28, 68 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY S. austinii 28 S. balticum 28 S. beothuk 28 S. brevifolium = Sphagnum fallax var. brevifolium 28 S. capillifolium 28 subsp. capillifolium = Sphagnum capillifolium 28 subsp. rubellum = Sphagnum rubellum 28 S. centrale 28 S. compactum 28 S. concinnum 28 S. contortum 28 S. cuspidatum 28 var. cuspidatum 28 var. viride 28 S. denticulatum = Sphagnum auriculatum 28 S. divinum 28 S. fallax 28 subsp. isoviitae = Sphagnum fallax var. isoviitae 28 var. brevifolium 28 var. fallax 28 var. isoviitae 28 S. fimbriatum 28 subsp. concinnum = Sphagnum concinnum 28 S. flexuosum 28 S. fuscum 28 S. girgensohnii 28 [S. imbricatum] 28 subsp. affine = Sphagnum affine 28 subsp. austinii = Sphagnum austinii 28 S. inundatum 28, 68 S. isoviitae = Sphagnum fallax var. isoviitae 28 S. jensenii 29 S. lenense 29 [S. lescurii] 68, 70 S. lindbergii 29 [S. magellanicum Brid.] 28, 68 S. magellanicum auct. eur. p.p. = Sphagnum divinum 28 S. magellanicum auct. eur. p.p. = Sphagnum medium 28 S. majus 29 subsp. majus 29 subsp. norvegicum 29 S. medium 28 S. mirum 28 S. molle 28 S. nitidulum 28 S. obtusum 29 S. olafii 28 S. palustre 28 var. centrale = Sphagnum centrale 28 S. papillosum 28 [S. perfoliatum] 70 S. platyphyllum 28 S. pulchrum 29 S. pylaesii 28 S. quinquefarium 28 S. recurvum 29 S. riparium 29 S. rubellum 28 S. rubiginosum 28 S. russowii 28 S. skyense 28 S. squarrosum 28 S. strictum 28 S. subfulvum 28 subsp. purpureum 28 subsp. subfulvum 28 S. subnitens 28 113 subsp. ferrugineum 28 subsp. subnitens 28 var. ferrugineum = Sphagnum subnitens subsp. ferrugineum 28 S. subsecundum 28 S. tenellum 29 S. teres 28 S. tescorum 28 S. troendelagicum 29 S. tundrae 28 S. venustum 28 S. viride = Sphagnum cuspidatum var. viride 28 S. warnstorfii 28 S. wulfianum 28 Sphenolobopsis 10 S. pearsonii 10 Sphenolobus 10 S. cavifolius = Orthocaulis cavifolius 10 S. minutus 10 S. saxicola 10 SPLACHNACEAE 7, 47 SPLACHNALES 7, 47 Splachnobryum 42 [S. aquaticum] 70 [S. limbatum] 70 S. obtusum 42 Splachnoideae 48 Splachnum 48 S. ampullaceum 48 S. luteum 48 S. melanocaulon 48 S. pensylvanicum 48 S. rubrum 48 S. sphaericum 48 S. vasculosum 48 Stegonia 39 S. latifolia 39 var. latifolia 39 var. pilifera 39 Stereodon 62 S. aemulans 63 S. callichrous 63 S. fertilis = Pseudohygrohypnum fertile 63 S. hamulosus 63 S. holmenii 63 S. pratensis 63 S. subimponens 63 STEREODONTACEAE 8, 62 Straminergon 58 S. stramineum 58 Streblotrichoideae 40 Streblotrichum 40 S. convolutum 40 var. commutatum 40 var. convolutum 40 S. commutatum = Streblotrichum convolutum var. commutatum 40 S. enderesii 40 Streptocolea = Grimmia 45 S. atrata = Grimmia atrata 45 Syntrichia 39 [S. amphidiacea] 70 S. amplexa = Tortula amplexa 39 S. bogotensis 39 S. calcicola 39 S. caninervis 39 var. abranchesii 39 var. astrakhanica 39 114 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. var. caninervis 39 var. gypsophila 39 [var. pseudodesertorum] 70 S. densa = Syntrichia ruralis 39 S. echinata 39 S. fragilis 39 S. glabra = Syntrichia ruralis 39 S. handelii 39 S. laevipila 39 S. latifolia 39 S. minor 39 S. montana 39 var. calva 39 var. montana 39 S. norvegica 39 S. pagorum = Syntrichia laevipila 39 S. papillosa 39 S. papillosissima 39 S. princeps 39 S. rigescens 39 S. ruraliformis 39 S. ruralis 39 var. epilosa 39 var. ruraliformis = S. ruraliformis 39 var. ruralis 39 S. sinensis 39 S. submontana 39 S. subpapillosissima 39 S. virescens 39 Syzygiella 9 S. subgenus Syzygiella 9 S. autumnalis 9 [S. manca] 69 S. rubricaulis 9 Targionia 27 T. subgenus Targionia 27 T. hypophylla 27 subsp. hypophylla 27 [subsp. linealis] 27 T. lorbeeriana 27 TARGIONIACEAE 7, 27 TAXIPHYLLACEAE 8, 62 Taxiphyllum 62 T. densifolium 62 T. wissgrillii 62 Tayloria 47 T. acuminata 47 T. froelichiana 47 T. hornschuchii 47 T. lingulata 47 T. rudolphiana 47 T. serrata 47 T. splachnoides 47 T. tenuis 47 Taylorioideae 47 Telaranea 19 T. azorica 19 T. europaea 19, 67 T. longii = Tricholepidozia tetradactyla 19 T. murphyae = Tricholepidozia tetradactyla 19 T. nematodes auct. eur. = Telaranea europaea 19 [T. nematodes] 67 T. sejuncta auct. eur. = Telaranea europaea 19 [T. sejuncta] 67 Tetralophozia 10 T. filiformis 10 T. setiformis 10 TETRAPHIDACEAE 7, 29 TETRAPHIDALES 7, 29 Tetraphidopsida 7, 29 Tetraphis 29 T. pellucida 29 Tetraplodon 48 T. angustatus 48 T. blyttii 48 T. mnioides 48 T. pallidus 48 T. paradoxus 48 T. urceolatus 48 Tetrastichium 55 T. fontanum 55 T. virens 55 Tetrodontium 29 T. brownianum 29 T. ovatum 29 T. repandum 29 Thamnobryum 65 T. alopecurum 65 T. angustifolium 65 T. cataractarum 65 T. fernandesii 65 T. maderense 65 T. neckeroides 65 T. rudolphianum 65 T. subserratum 65 THUIDIACEAE 8, 59 Thuidiopsis 59 T. sparsa 4, 59 Thuidium 59 T. assimile 59 T. delicatulum 59 T. recognitum 59 T. tamariscinum 59 Timmia 30 T. section Norvegica 30 T. section Timmia 30 T. section Timmiaurea 30 T. austriaca 30 T. bavarica 30 T. comata 30 T. megapolitana 30 T. norvegica 30 T. sibirica 30 TIMMIACEAE 7, 30 TIMMIALES 7, 30 Timmiella 32 T. anomala 32 T. barbuloides 32 T. flexiseta 32 TIMMIELLACEAE 7, 32 Timmiidae 7 Tomentypnum 58 T. nitens 58 Tortella 42 T. alpicola 42 [T. arctica] 42, 68 T. bambergeri = Tortella tortuosa 43 T. bambergeri auct. p.p. = Tortella fasciculata 43 T. bambergeri auct. p.p. = Tortella pseudofragilis 42 T. x cuspidatissima 42, 68 T. densa 42 T. fasciculata 42 T. flavovirens 42 var. flavovirens 42 JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY var. glareicola 42 var. papillosissima 42 T. fragilis 42 var. moravica = Tortella pseudofragilis 42 T. humilis 42 T. inclinata 42 var. densa = Tortella densa 42 T. inflexa 42 T. limbata 42 T. limosella = Tortella flavovirens 42 [T. malacophylla] 70 T. mediterranea 42 T. nitida 42 T. pseudofragilis 42 T. rigens 42 T. spitsbergensis 42 T. squarrosa 42 T. tortuosa 43 subsp. fasciculata = Tortella fasciculata 42 var. fragilifolia = Tortella tortuosa 43 Tortula 39 T. acaulon 39, 43 var. acaulon 39 [var. galilaea] 70 var. papillosa 39 var. pilifera 39 var. retortifolia 39 var. schreberiana 39 T. amplexa 39 T. ampliretis 39 T. atrovirens 39 T. baetica = Tortula israeelis 40 T. bogosica 4, 39 T. bolanderi 4, 39 T. brevissima 39 T. canescens 39 T. caucasica 39 T. cernua 40 T. cuneifolia 40 T. freibergii 40 [T. grandiretis] 70 T. guepinii 40 T. hoppeana 40 T. inermis 40 T. israelis 40 [T. kneuckeri] 70 T. lanceola = Tortula lindbergii 40 T. laureri 40 T. leucostoma 40 T. lindbergii 40 T. lingulata 40 T. marginata 40 T. modica = Tortula caucasica 40 T. mucronifolia 40 T. muralis 40 subsp. muralis 40 subsp. obtusifolia 40 var. aestiva 40 var. muralis 40 T. obtusifolia = Tortula muralis subsp. obtusifolia 40 T. pallida 40 [T. plintobia] 70 T. protobryoides 40 T. randii 40 T. revolvens 40 T. rhodonia = Henediella heimii 38 T. schimperi 40 T. solmsii 40 T. subulata 40 var. angustata = Tortula schimperi 40 var. graefii = Tortula subulata 40 var. subinermis = Tortula subulata 40 T. systylia 40 T. truncata 40 T. ucrainica 40 T. vahliana 40 T. viridifolia 40 T. vlassovii = Microbryum vlassovii 38 T. wilsonii 40 Trachycystis 53 T. ussuriensis 53 Trematodon 36 T. ambiguus 36 T. brevicollis 36 T. laetevirens 36 T. longicollis 36 T. perssoniorum 36 Trichocolea 21 T. tomentella 21 TRICHOCOLEACEAE 6, 21 Trichodon 36 T. cylindricus 36 Tricholepidozia 19 T. lindenbergii 4, 19 [var. complanata] 19 var. lindenbergii 4, 19 [var. mellea] 19 [var. papillata] 19 T. tetradactyla 4, 19 Trichostomoideae 40 Trichostomopsis = Didymodon 37 T. australasiae = Didymodon australiasiae 37 T. umbrosa = Didymodon umbrosus 38 Trichostomum 43 T. arcticum = Tortella spitsbergensis 42 T. brachydontium 43 T. crispulum 43 T. hibernicum = Chionoloma hibernicum 40 T. pallidisetum = Pottiopsis caespitosa 42 T. recurvifolium = Chionoloma recurvifolium 41 T. tenuirostre = Chionoloma tenuirostre 41 T. triumphans = Pottiopsis caespitosa 42 Trilophozia 14 T. quinquedentata 14 [var. assymetrica] 14 var. quinquedentata 14 Triquetrella 40 T. arapilensis 40 Tritomaria 14 T. exsecta 14 subsp. exsecta 14 [subsp. novaezelandia] 14 T. exsectiformis 14 subsp. arctica 14 [subsp. camerunensis] 14 subsp. exsectiformis 14 T. polita = Saccobasis polita 14 subsp. polymorpha = Saccobasis polymorpha 14 T. quinquedentata = Trilophozia quinquedentata 14 subsp. turgida = Trilophozia quinquedentata 14 var. dentata = Trilophozia dentata 14 var. grandiretis = Trilophozia quinquedentata 14 f. gracilis = Trilophozia quinquedentata 14 T. scitula 14 115 116 N. G. HODGETTS ET AL. Trochobryum = Seligeria 43 T. carniolicum = Seligeria carniolica 43 Tylimanthus = Acrobolbus 16 [T. anisodontus = Acrobolbus anisodontus] 66 T. azoricus = Acrobolbus azoricus 16 T. madeirensis = Acrobolbus madeirensis 16 Ulota 54 U. bruchii 54 U. calvescens 54 U. coarctata 54 U. crispa 54 var. crispula = Ulota crispula 54 var. intermedia = Ulota intermedia 54 U. crispula 54 U. curvifolia 54 U. drummondii 54 U. hutchinsiae 54 U. intermedia 54 U. macrospora 54 U. phyllantha = Phenogemma phyllantha 54 U. rehmannii 54 Vesicularia 63 V. reimersiana 63 Vinealobryum = Didymodon 37 V. brachyphyllum = Didymodon brachyphyllus 37 V. cordatum = Didymodon cordatus 37 V. eckeliae = Didymodon eckeliae 37 V. insulanum = Didymodon insulanus 37 V. luridum = Didymodon luridus 37 V. nicholsonii = Didymodon nicholsonii 38 V. sinuosum = Didymodon sinuosus 38 V. vineale = Didymodon vinealis 38 Voitia 48 V. hyperborea 48 V. nivalis 48 Warnstorfia 58 W. exannulata = Sarmentypnum exannulatum 58 W. fluitans 58 W. procera = Sarmentypnum procerum 58 W. pseudostraminea 58 W. sarmentosa = Sarmentypnum sarmentosum 58 W. trichophylla = Sarmentypnum trichophyllum 58 W. tundrae = Sarmentypnum tundrae 58 Weissia 43 W. angustifolia 43 W. brachycarpa 43 [W. breutelii] 70 W. condensa 43 var. armata 43 var. condensa 43 W. controversa 43 var. controversa 43 var. crispata 43 var. densifolia 43 [W. leptocarpa] 70 W. levieri 43 W. longifolia 43 var. angustifolia = Weissia angustifolia 43 W. x mittenii 43 W. multicapsularis = Tortula acaulon 43 W. multicapsularis auct. = Weissia wilsonii 43 [W. ovatifolia] 70 W. perssonii 43 W. rostellata 43 W. rutilans 43 [W. sinaloensis] 70 W. squarrosa 43 W. sterilis 43 W. triumphans = Pottiopsis caespitosa 42 W. tyrrhena = Pottiopsis caespitosa 42 W. wilsonii 43 W. wimmeriana 43 Zoopsidoideae 19 Zygodon 54 Z. bistratus = Zygodon catarinoi 54 Z. catarinoi 54 Z. conoideus 54 var. conoideus 54 var. lingulatus 54 Z. dentatus 54 Z. forsteri = Codonoblepharon forsteri 53 Z. gracilis 54 Z. rupestris 55 Z. sibiricus 55 Z. stirtonii 55 Z. viridissimus 55 Addenda 1. Herbertus p. 19: Sun and He (2019) recently proposed synonymising Herbertus borealis, Herbertus norenus and Herbertus stramineus with Herbertus aduncus (in which they include Herbertus hutchinsiae). While undoubtedly closely related, the small genetic differences between them result in very clear morphological differences, and in the field the species (which sometimes grow in close proximity) are easily distinguished by morphology, ecology and distribution. We therefore reject the synonymies. 2. Additional species: Physcomitrium (Callaghan et al. 2020) p. 31 23.6i Physcomitrium × stevensonii (stevensoni) D.A.Callaghan Schistidium p. 46 (Guerra et al. 2020) 122.29i Schistidium memnonium J.Guerra Meesia (Hedenäs 2020) p. 48 138.4i Meesia minor Brid. 138.4ii Meesia minutissima Hedenäs