An annotated catalogue of the leafcutter and mason bees (genus Megachile) of the Neotropics

Anthony  Raw

Megachile is treated here as a single genus combining Megachile with Chalicodoma. In the Americas the genus occurs from Alaska and Canada to southern Chile and Argentina, and is well represented in the tropics. Despite their economic and ecological importance as pollinators, the biology of few species has been studied in detail largely because they are difficult to identify. The 419 species in the catalogue are allocated to 28 subgenera (including 10 Old World species introduced to the region and one species dubiously recorded from the New World). Summaries of information on each species’ classification, biology and geographical distribution are given.

ZOOTAXA 1601 An Annotated Catalogue of the Leafcutter and Mason Bees (Genus Megachile) of the Neotropics ANTHONY RAW Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ANTHONY RAW An Annotated Catalogue of the Leafcutter and Mason Bees (Genus Megachile) of the Neotropics (Zootaxa 1601) 127 pp.; 30 cm. 28 Sept. 2007 ISBN 978-1-86977-145-4 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-146-1 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2007 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: zootaxa@mapress.com http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2007 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326(Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Zootaxa 1601: 1–127 (2007) www.mapress.com / zootaxa/ ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA An annotated catalogue of the leafcutter and mason bees (genus Megachile) of the Neotropics ANTHONY RAW Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. 70910-900 Present address: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. 45650-662 Email: anthony_raw@yahoo.com.br Table of contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Taxonomic review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The subgenera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Geographical distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Biological information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Nesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Presentation of information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Biological and taxonomic information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Abbreviations of collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Geographical distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Genus Megachile Latreille Subgenus Acentron Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Subgenus Argyropile Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Subgenus Austromegachile Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Subgenus Austrosarus Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Subgenus Callomegachile Michener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Subgenus Chaetochile Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Subgenus Chelostomoides Robertson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Subgenus Chrysosarus Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Subgenus Cressoniella Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Subgenus Dasymegachile Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Subgenus Eutricharaea Thomson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Subgenus Gronoceras Cockerell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Subgenus Leptorachis Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Subgenus Melanosarus Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Subgenus Moureapis Raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Subgenus Neochelynia Schrottky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Subgenus Pseudocentron Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Subgenus Pseudomegachile Friese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Subgenus Ptilosaroides Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Subgenus Ptilosarus Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Subgenus Rhyssomegachile Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Subgenus Sayapis Titus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Subgenus Schrottkyapis Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Subgenus Stelodides Moure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Subgenus Trichurochile Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Subgenus Tylomegachile Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Accepted by L. Packer: 16 Jul.; published: 28 Sept. 2007 3 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Subgenus Xanthosarus Robertson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Subgenus Zonomegachile Mitchell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Fossil species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Species of Megachile placed erroneously in Neotropical subgenera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 New World bees placed erroneously in Megachile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Nomina nuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Table 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Table 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Table 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Abstract Megachile is treated here as a single genus combining Megachile with Chalicodoma. In the Americas the genus occurs from Alaska and Canada to southern Chile and Argentina, and is well represented in the tropics. Despite their economic and ecological importance as pollinators, the biology of few species has been studied in detail largely because they are difficult to identify. The 419 species in the catalogue are allocated to 28 subgenera (including 10 Old World species introduced to the region and one species dubiously recorded from the New World). Summaries of information on each species’ classification, biology and geographical distribution are given. Key words: Megachile; Neotropics; Taxonomy; Distribution; Biology Introduction Members of the genus Megachile are among the most easily recognized of bees (O’Toole & Raw 1991, Raw 2004a). The Neotropical species are 7–15 mm long. The genus is large with a current total of 1515 described species listed under the names Megachile, Chalicodoma and Creightonella (Ascher 2007). Here I have followed Michener et al (1994), Michener (2000) and others and treated the group as a single genus combining Megachile with Chalicodoma. Species of Megachile are "leafcutter bees" whose females cut leaves and petals to line their nests. Species of Chalicodoma are "mason bees" which construct their nests with resin, mud or leaves chewed into pulp (O’Toole & Raw 1991). However, this division is not clear as some species of Megachile (Chrysosarus) use both mud and leaf pieces in the construction of their nests (Jörgensen 1909, 1912a, Laroca 1971, Laroca et al 1992, Bortoli & Laroca 1997, Zillikens & Steiner 2004). This inventory is a labour of Sisyphus. Despite its unfinished state, I have been persuaded that people find the work useful and believe that it should be published in its present state. There are 423 references and thousands of citations to them in the text. The inventory places 419 species recorded from the Neotropical region into 28 subgenera (Table 1). There is also one extinct Neotropical species and subgenus (Engel 1999). Knowing the subgenus to which a species belongs and the geographical distributions of the members of that subgenus substantially reduces the number of options and should assist identification to species or species group and may assist in predicting the species’ nesting biology. For each species the subgenus is indicated, the valid name and synonymies are listed, and information on the bee’s biology and on its geographical distribution are given. The information provided, including the distributional data, is intended to facilitate studies on the bees' biology and to better assess the bees' roles as pollinators. Furthermore, the catalogue should facilitate future revisionary studies. Dalla Torre (1896) listed 92 Neotropical species now included in the genus Megachile. Other notable works on Neotropical Megachile, including many species descriptions, are Schrottky (1913a), Friese (1911), and Mitchell (1930). Three Neotropical species were erroneously placed at some time in the genus Megachile. The present status of each is indicated. Ten species occurring in the Neotropics are exotic species 4 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. native to the Old World and belong to Old World subgenera. Three Old World species have been erroneously placed in Neotropical subgenera. There are also ten nomina nuda (4 of subgenera and 6 of species). Species of Megachile can be placed with certainty in their correct subgenera only by examining the primary type specimens. Nonetheless, a number of authors have placed species without stating the basis for their conclusions (i.e. without specifying which material was examined). In order to improve the authority of this work, to date I have examined 246 type specimens of Neotropical Megachile primary types and paratypes. In all the cases where “Examined” is stated in the text I have seen the holotype. In those cases where I have not done so, the basis of my decision is clearly stated based on reliably determined specimens or on relevant characters. In addition to those included here, there are 57 other species of Megachile that have been recorded from the Neotropics, but the whereabouts of the types are not known. Furthermore, species new to science are continually appearing. Recently, four new species and one new subgenus were described (Durante and Abrahamovich 2002, Raw 2006). After examination of the additional species already described and publication of descriptions of new species and the subtraction of synonyms I would expect the total number of species of Megachile in the Americas to surpass 600. The few subspecies and varieties that have been described are of Nearctic species. These names are treated here as nominally valid species. Taxonomic review The genus Megachile was described by Latreille in 1802 and, as originally conceived, it was equivalent to the present family Megachilidae which comprises one of the largest groups of bees. Of the species which Latreille included in Megachile only the Holarctic M. centuncularis (L.) and the Palaearctic M. lagopoda (L.) remain today. Very soon, various authors began to partition Latreille’s genus into new genera. The first were Anthidium by Fabricius (1804), Osmia and Stelis by Panzer (1806), Heriades by Spinola (1828), and Coelioxys, proposed by Latreille, himself in 1809. Curtis (1828) designated the Holarctic species Apis centuncularis Linnaeus as the type of the genus Megachile. Lepeletier (1841) erected the genus Chalicodoma for species whose cylindrical body shape and mandibles lacking cutting edges differed from typical Megachile, but Mitchell (1934) returned it to the latter genus. Cockerell (1908a) described Creightonella as a subgenus of Chalicodoma. Michener (1962) revised the pollen-collecting Megachilini and recognized three separate genera: Megachile and Creightonella as leafcutter bees and Chalicodoma as mason or resin bees. However, on a global scale there are many exceptions that cast doubt on this division or at least make global diagnoses of these taxa very complex (Michener et al 1994). Therefore, the latter authors combined the three taxa in a single genus. While Michener (2000) continued this treatment he found it convenient to treat the three former genera as informal divisions of Megachile. In the present work I have followed a broad concept of the genus. The subgenera As interpreted by Michener (2000: 67), Megachile comprises at least 1,515 species worldwide. During the present work I have compiled a list of 2,645 specific names in the genus worldwide, using both primary and secondary sources. Given such a large genus, division into smaller, more manageable groups is essential in pursuing alpha taxonomy with any confidence. Progress has been made at this level with the erection of 58 currently valid, extant subgenera worldwide (Michener op. cit, Baker & Engel 2006, Engel & Baker 2006, Durante & Abrahamovitch 2006, Raw 2006). CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 5 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Mitchell divided the American members of Megachile into subgenera (Mitchell 1934, 1935a, 1935b, 1936, 1937a, 1937b, 1937c, 1937d, 1943b, 1980). In his last work (Mitchell 1980) he divided the group into six genera; however, these divisions are difficult to justify as we still know little of the higher taxonomy and phylogeny of the group (Michener 2000). All recent authors, including Mitchell himself, cite numerous exceptions in their keys to the subgenera, and Mitchell reinterpreted critical characters in several subgenera (notably Leptorachis) between 1943 and 1980. No cladistic analysis of any group of Megachile has been conducted and preliminary attempts to construct possible phylogentic trees have been unfruitful. My own crude attempts produced apparently justifiable, but different trees for each sex. On nomenclatural issues regarding the status and diagnosis of the subgenera, I agree largely with Michener (2000). A number of his synonymies have clarified the infrageneric classification substantially. The separation of Chrysosarus and Dactylomegachile is based on the former being larger and browner and the latter smaller and darker (Mitchell 1943b, 1980 and Silveira et al 2002), but the distinction does not hold for large, black species like M. arctos Vachal and M. rufiplantis Vachal. Moreover, a careful examination of 14 species representing the two groups revealed no alternative character supporting their separation (Carvalho & Raw 2005). Likewise, the characters used to separate Holcomegachile from Austromegachile, and Leptorachina and Grafella from Leptorachis are questionable and, in several cases, inconsistent between the species involved. In addition to Michener's synonymies, there is also a question over the separation of Pseudocentron and Moureapis. The difficulty is illustrated by M. possograndensis Schrottky. Based on examination of females, I had no doubt in placing the species in Moureapis (Raw 2002), but on receiving a series of seven females and three males all collected at the same time and locality it was obvious that the males belong in Pseudocentron with their expanded ivory fore basitarsi (Raw 2004); the fore basitarsi of Moureapis are unmodified. This situation is unfortunate; Pseudocentron presently comprises 69 species and Moureapis 30, so combining them would result in a group of unwieldy size. Geographical distribution A few subgenera of Megachile are Holarctic (Xanthosarus, Megachile s.s.), but most are restricted to the Old or New World and even within each hemisphere most of the subgenera have restricted distributions (Michener 2000). The few species that are members of old World subgenera occuring in the Neotropics are recent introductions. In the Americas, Megachile occurs from Alaska and north of 60° in Canada to southern Chile and Argentina (between 65oN and 45oS), and from sea level to 5,000 m altitude in the Andes. There are species on the islands of southern California, all but the smallest West Indian islands and Bermuda. The great vagility of numerous species is a result of the bees’ habit of nesting in abandoned beetle burrows in wood and cracks in timberwork. As a result they are among the most widely dispersed of any bees. They occur on many oceanic islands, presumably because their nests were transported to them. Ten Palaeotropical species have been introduced into the West Indies during historical times where they have established populations (Hurd 1979, Raw 1985 and data presented below). Undoubtedly the nests of these species were carried to the Caribbean on slave ships on the "Middle Passage". Nine species are African while M. lanata is an Indian species. Presumably the latter spread to East and West Africa by ship and crossed the Atlantic with the other species. When dealing with the "Neotropical realm" the question arises on the location of the boundary between the Neotropics and the nearctic. This is generally accepted to run roughly from 18o N, 102o W on the Pacific coast to 22o N, 98o W on the Caribbean coast, extending inland south-east to about 18o N, 97o W. The precise location of the boundary is necessarily arbitrary and will depend at least partly on the taxonomic group of organisms under study rather than on strictly latitudinal considerations. For the collecting records of numer- 6 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ous species, only the names of the states were cited in publications. Therefore, it is convenient to base the northern boundary of the Neotropics on the political division of the states. Only those northern species whose ranges extend to any of the seven southerly Mexican states (CM, CP, GO, OA, QR, TB, VC and YU) with exclusively Neotropical habitats or to a more southerly country are considered to occur in the Neotropics (Google images 2007). Further collecting might enable a more accurate boundary to be made which takes into account the pockets of tropical habitats north and the “temperate” habitats south of the line used in the present study. One should expect the species richness of tropical countries and regions to be closely related to geographical area. For example, a single species has been recorded from the Cayman Islands (Genaro 2003) and 165 from Brazil. However, the records from several tropical countries are very low. For example, only 2 species have been recorded from Venezuela, 16 from Ecuador, 19 from the Guianas and 19 from Colombia. Presumably these low records are a result of under-collecting and a lack of identification. The known distributions of several species are questionable. Examples are Megachile (Austromegachile) exaltata from Mexico, Costa Rica and Brazil; M. (Chrysosarus) vestis and M. (Pseudocentron) prietana (Honduras and Brazil); M. (Neochelynia) aegra (U.S.A., Guatemala, Guyana and Brazil); M. (Sayapis) dentipes (Mexico, Panama, Hispaniola, Peru, Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina) and M. (Sayapis) zaptlana (Jamaica, Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Paraguay). The data on these species suggest misidentifications or inadequate collecting or the existence of patchy geographical distributions. Biological information Surprisingly little biological information is documented on Neotropical Megachile. Information is available on the nesting of only 12% of the 419 species included in this catalogue, on the flowers visited of 16%, and on the mortality factors of 6%. For example, there is no flower record even for a species like Megachile nigripennis (with its six synonyms) which ranges from Mexico to Argentina. Similarly, it is said that most species of Megachile construct nests in existing cavities in wood and similar places and line the cells with pieces of leaves they bees cut. However, leaf-cutting has been recorded for relatively few (7%) of the species included in this catalogue. Nesting. Although most species are said to cut leaves, there are innumerable exceptions, therefore all the information available on nesting is cited. Information is available on the nesting of 51 species of Neotropical Megachile. To date 22 species have been recorded using trap-nests, while a further 11 nested in abandoned beetle burrows and other adventive sites (and might be induced to use trap-nests). Nine species are known to nest in the ground. Of the 31 species known to cut leaves and petals to line their cells, 7 use both leaf pieces and mud to build their cells; 6 of the latter are members of Chrysosarus and the other is M. (Sayapis) cylindrica. Two species, M. (Pseudocentron) argentina and M. (Sayapis) assumptionis, construct cells of leaf pieces and plug the nest with mud, while the introduced M. (Pseudomegachile) lanata constructs exposed nests of mud with the occasional addition of resin. Mortality. The female of a nesting bee provides the entire food supply for her offspring. Naturally, this rich supply of food and the defenceless offspring suffer the attacks from numerous organisms. Predators and other organisms that kill the developmental stages of solitary bees are of three sorts. Cuckoo bees and some wasps and beetles kill the egg and eat the stored food. Dermestid and tenebrioid beetles and flies consume the stored food and apparently incidentally kill the bee larva. A third group, which includes the parasitoid wasps, Leucospis, Melittobia, Monodontomerus and Tetrasticus and beeflies attack later, killing and consuming the growing larva, the pupa or even the adult before the host can leave the cell. Records are available of the mortality factors of only 25 species of Neotropical Megachile. Of the 64 dif- CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 7 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ferent factors which have been recorded (Table 2), 14 are megachilid bees (12 Coelioxys and 2 Stelis), 21 are parasitoid and aculeate wasps (including 4 Melittobia and 3 Leucospis), and 18 are beetles. Anatomy. Information is presented on the anatomy and morphology of 38 species. The genitalia of 17 species and the larvae of 7 are described. Several instances of gynandromorphs and intersexes have been reported among Megachile species. (A gynandromorph is said to be a mosaic of male and female sexual characters, whereas an intersex is a blend. See Wcislo et al 2004.) Intersexes of eight species are described and a gynandromorph of one. Flowers. As the females of nesting species of Megachilidae carry pollen on the ventral metasomal scopa, they are particularly well adapted to the pollination of flowers in which the anthers and stigma touch the bee's belly so pollen grains are easily transferred from one flower to another. (Pollen carried on a femoral scopa or corpicula has less chance of being transferred to another flower.) Records are cited of the flowers that 96 species of Neotropical Megachile visited. In total they visited 328 species of plants representing 66 families (Table 3). More than half of the families (35) were represented by lone species. Although information is recorded for only 23% of the 419 species of Neotropical Megachile, the preferences of Megachile species for the flowers of Asteraceae (103 species and 31% of the total plant species) and Fabaceae (73 species and 22%) are clearly demonstrated. Presentation of information Information from all publications encountered is included in this survey. For each species the original reference and all subsequent combinations of names are cited. Additional information on types is given in square brackets. For example, the country of the type locality was not always cited. The names of the collectors of the type specimens are given in curved brackets after the citation of the type locality. Biological and additional taxonomic information was gleaned from additional references and is cited as such under each species. The information gleaned from museum collections and unpublished observations is presented under a separate subheading ("Additional information"). Under each species, references are cited alphabetically. Where possible, information is presented as cited in the original publication. Where this may be misleading or outdated, the correction is provide in square brackets, e.g. Vera Cruz [Veracruz]. Likewise, where only imperial measurements were provided they are cited here together with their metric equivalents. Similarly, where an author stated the nesting substrate was "wood" or "timber" the word has been maintained. (“Timber” indicates the bee accepted an artificially modified substrate.) It is generally assumed that most species construct nests in existing cavities in wood and similar places and line the cells with pieces of leaves they cut. However, there are innumerable exceptions, therefore all the information available on nesting is cited. Under each subgenus, information is presented on the taxa of the Americas. Additional taxonomic information is available in Michener (2000). Biological and taxonomic information. The information is summarized under nine headings and the sources from which these data were gleaned are given with indications of the type each contains by the following symbols. A = Anatomy and morphology (including descriptions of intersexes and mimicry). D = Geographical distribution and habitat. F = Flowers visited (including pollination studies). K = Keys to identification. L = Life cycle (including courtship, mating, development in the nest, sex ratios, dormancy, emergence, seasonality and life-tables). M = Mortality factors are predators, parasitoids, parasites, fungal diseases and other pathogens (including 8 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. inquiline bees, beetles and flies) attacking the developmental stages and adult bees. N = Nesting (nest sites, nest architecture, building and provisioning cells, building materials). R = Redescription of the type sex or description of allotype. Adult female = (R-F), male (R-M) and both sexes = (R-FM). T = Taxonomic information (location and sex of type, etc). Abbreviations of collections. Under each species references are cited alphabetically. Where information was gleaned from specimen labels the abbreviations of the relevant collections are cited. (e.g. Durante et al 2006: 791–802 (D)). AMNH ANSP BBSL CAS GCH IOC IZUT MACN MCZ MHNL American Museum of Natural History, New York, U.S.A. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, U.S.A. Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, U.S.A. California Academy of Science, Los Angeles, U.S.A. Gundlach Collection, Havana, Cuba Instituto Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Turin, Italy Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, U.S.A. Museo De Historia Natural de Lima (Information provided by Mr Claus Rasmussen, Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana, U.S.A). MLP Museu de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina MNHN Musée National de Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France MNHU Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany MPEG Museu Paraense de Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil MZSP Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil NHML Natural History Museum, London, England NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria OUM Oxford University Museum, England PACKER L. Packer, Department of Biology, York University, Ontario, Canada RASMUSSEN C. Rasmussen, Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A. RAW Collection of A. Raw ROUBIK D. W. Roubik, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama SMM State Museum of München, Germany UC Cornell University UCD University of California, Davis UFPR Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil USP-RP Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade de São Paulo em Ribeirão Preto, Brazil UK Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, U.S.A. USNM United States National Museum, Washington, DC, U.S.A. ZMC Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark Dr J. S. Ascher of the American Museum of Natural History, New York is amassing information on bees on the DiscoverLife web-site. References to distributional information at this site are cited as “Ascher 2007 (D)”. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 9 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Geographical distribution. All geographical distributions are cited by country and political subdivision or statoid (department, province, territory, parish). The citation of the country is three letters and of the statoid is two. Where the political subdivision of the locality is not known it is cited at the end of those for that particular country after a semi-colon, e.g. ECUADOR: AZ—Ona (2000 m); EO—San Francisco; La Argelia. Only those statoids are included for which records of Neotropical species of Megachile exist. For example there is no record of the genus from the Brazilian states of Alagoas or Piaui so they are not included in the following list. ARGENTINA. CA = Catamarca; CB = Chubut; CC = Chaco; CD = Córdoba; ER = Entre Rios;DF=Ciudad de Buenos Aires; FO = Formosa; JU = Jujuy; LP = La Pampa; LR = La Rioja; ME = Mendoza; MI = Misiones; NE = Neuquén; RN = Río Negro; SA = Salta; SC = Santa Cruz; SE = Santiago del Estero; SF = Santa Fe; SJ = San Juan; SL = San Luis; TU = Tucumán. BOLIVIA. EB = El Beni; LP = La Paz; PO = Potosi; SC = Santa Cruz. BRAZIL. The standard abbreviations for states and territories are: AC = Acre; AM = Amazonas; BA = Bahia; DF = Distrito Federal; ES = Espirito Santo; GO = Goias; MG = Minas Gerais; MS = Mato Grosso do Sul; MT = Mato Grosso; PA = Pará; PB = Paraiba; PR = Paraná; RJ = Rio de Janeiro; RN = Rio Grande do Norte; RO = Rondônia; RS = Rio Grande do Sul; SC = Santa Catarina; SP = São Paulo. CANADA. AB = Alberta; BC = British Columbia; MB = Manitoba; NB = New Brunswick; NL = Newfoundland and Labrador; NS = Nova Scotia; ON = Ontario; PE = Prince Edward Island; QC = Québec; SK = Saskatchewan. CHILE. AN = Antofagasta; AT = Atacama; BO = Libertador General Bernadordo O´Higgins; CH = Chiloé; CN = Concepción; CQ = Coquimbo; MA = Maule; NU = Nuble; SA = Santiago; TA = Tarapacá; VP = Valparaiso; VV = Valdivia. COLOMBIA. AN = Antioquia; BO = Bolivar; CA = Cauca; CU = Cundinamarca; MA = Magdalena; VC = Valle de Cauca. COSTA RICA. AL = Alajuela; GU = Guanacaste; PU = Puntarenas; SJ = San José. CUBA: CA = Camagüey; CH = Ciudad de La Habana; CI = Cienfüegos; IJ = Isla de la Juventud; LH = La Habana; MA = Matanzas; PR = Pinar del Rio; SC = Santiago de Cuba. ECUADOR. AZ = Azuay; EO = El Oro; ES = Esmeraldas; GU = Guayas; LO —Loja; TU = Tungurahua. JAMAICA. The parishes are: AN = St.Ann; AW = St. Andrew; CA = St.Catherine; CL = Clarendon; EL = St.Elizabeth; MA = Manchester; PO = Portland; ST = St.Thomas; TR = Trelawney. MEXICO. BC = Baja California (not recorded in the original publication if the record is from the northern or southern part of the peninsula); CH = Chihuahua; CM = Campeche; CO = Coahuila; CP = Chiapas; DF = Distrito Federal; DU = Durango; GO = Guerrero; GT = Guanajuato; HI = Hidalgo; JA = Jalisco; MI = Michoacan; MO = Morelos; NA = Nayarit; NL = Nuevo León; OA = Oaxaca; PU = Puebla; QR = Quintana Roo; SI = Sinaloa; SL = San Luis Potosí; SO = Sonora; TB = Tabasco; TM = Tamaulipas; VC = Veracruz; YU = Yucatan; ZA = Zacatecas. PANAMA. CH = Chiriquí; CO = Colon; PA = Panama; VE = Veraguas. PARAGUAY. AP = Alto Paraná; CA = Caazapá; CE = Central; CO = Cordillera; GU = Guaira; IT = Itapúa; MI = Misiones; SP = San Pedro. PERU. AN = Ancash; AP = Apurimac; AR = Arequipa; AY = Ayacucho; CU = Cusco; HU = Huancayo; IC = Ica; JU = Junin; LI = Lima; LO = Loreto; MD = Madre de Dios; PA = Pasco; PI = Piura; PU = Puno; SM = San Martin; TA = Tacna; UC = Ucayali. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. AK = Alaska; AL = Alabama; AR = Arkansas; AZ = Arizona; CA = California; CO = Colorado; CT = Connecticut; DC = District of Columbia;DE = Delaware; FL = Florida; GA = Georgia; ID = Idaho; IL = Illinois; IN = Indiana; IA = Iowa; KS = Kansas; KY = Kentucky; LA = Louisiana; MA = Massachusetts; MD = Maryland; ME = Maine; MI = Michigan; MN = Minnesota; MO = Missouri; MT = Montana; NC = North Carolina; ND = North Dakota; NE = Nebraska; NH = New Hamp- 10 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. shire; NJ = New Jersey; NM = New Mexico; NV = Nevada; NY = New York; OH = Ohio; OK = Oklahoma; OR = Oregon; PA = Pennsylvania; SC = South Carolina; SD = South Dakota; TN = Tennessee; TX = Texas; UT = Utah; VA = Virginia; VT = Vermont; WA = Washington; WI = Wisconsin; WV = West Virginia; WY = Wyoming. UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS. SC = St Croix; ST = St Thomas. URUGUAY. CO = Colonia; SO = Soriano. Genus Megachile Latreille Megachile Latreille 1802: 413. Type species Apis centuncularis Linnaeus 1758: 575. Designation of Curtis 1828: 218. Sandhouse 1943: 567. Michener 1944: 265–268. Anthophora Fabricius 1804: 434 (not Latreille). Type species Apis centuncularis Linnaeus. Designation of Curtis 1828: 218. Chalicodoma Lepeletier 1841. Type species Apis muraria Fabricius 1798. Designation of Girard 1879. (See Michener 1962: 20, Michener et al 1994: 174; Michener 2000: 534.) Chalicodoma Sandhouse 1943: 537; Michener 1962: 17–29; Pasteels 1965: 342; Michener 1965: 187; Hurd 1979: 2072; Mitchell 1980: 30–35. Chalicodoma sensu Mitchell 1980: 30. Synonymy of Michener et al 1994: 178. Chrysosarus sensu Mitchell 1980: 72. Synonymy of Michener et al 1994: 178. Cressoniella sensu Mitchell 1980: 63. Synonymy of Michener et al 1994: 178. Eumegachile Mitchell 1980: 46. Synonymy of Michener et al 1994: 178. Pseudocentron sensu Mitchell 1980: 56. Synonymy of Michener et al 1994: 178. Megachile sensu Mitchell 1980: 23. Synonymy of Michener et al 1994: 179. Megachiloides sensu Mitchell 1980: 40. Synonymy of Michener et al 1994: 179. Subgenus Acentron Mitchell Megachile (Acentron) Mitchell 1934: 303 & 307. Type species Megachile albitarsis Cresson. Original designation. Megachile (Acentron) Mitchell 1937b: 63. Sandhouse 1943: 522. Michener et al 1994: 178. Michener 2000: 549. Pseudocentron (Acentron) Mitchell 1980: 56. The subgenus at present includes 23 Neotropical species, 16 of which have been recorded from Brazil. One species reaches the U.S.A. 1. Megachile (Acentron) acculta Cockerell Megachile acculta Cockerell 1931: 540. Female. Type locality: Chichenitza, Yucatan [Mexico]. Type repository: MCZ 16269. Examined. Megachile (Acentron) acculta Cockerell, Ayala et al 1997 454 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1932: 13 (D, K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. GUATEMALA: Retalhuleu. MEXICO: YU—Chichenitza. 2. Megachile (Acentron) albitarsis Cresson Megachile albitarsis Cresson 1872: 263–264. Male. Type locality: Texas (Belfrage). Type repository: ANSP 2461. Examined. Megachile optiva Cresson 1872: 268. Female. Type locality: Texas (Belfrage). Type repository: ANSP 2445. Examined. Synonymy of Mitchell 1937b: 75. (Not Megachile optiva Provancher 1882 [= M. (Megachile) relativa Cresson 1878]. North America.) Megachile newelli Cockerell 1908b: 262–263. Female. Type locality: Keatchie, Louisiana 8 July 1908 (W. Newell). Synonymy of Mitchell 1937b: 75. Megachile kallstroemiae Cockerell 1908b: 264. Female. Type locality: Mesilla Park, New Mexico, 27 July on Kallstroemia (Cockerell). Synonymy of Mitchell 1937b: 75. Megachile (Acentron) albitarsis Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile kallstraemiae Cockerell; Mitchell 1962: 165. (Misspelling.) CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 11 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Pseudocentron (Acentron) albitarsis Cresson; Durante & Diaz 2000: 16 (M). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 454 (D); Cane 1979: 127 (A); Cockerell 1914b: 432 (D, F, T as M. newelli); Cresson 1916: 110 (T), 126 (T as M. optiva); 1919: 215 (D); Friese 1911: 234 (D, R-M); Graenicher 1930: 162 (D, F, L); Hurd 1962: 165–167 (D, F, L, R-FM); 1979: 2069 (D, F); Mitchell 1937b: 75–78 (R-FM, D, F); Moure 1948: 332 (K); Robertson 1897: 350 (D, T); 1902: 49 (K as M. optiva); YáñezOrdóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). ANATOMY. Articulations of hind leg. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: BC; CM; CH; CP; DU; JA; MI; MO; NA; NL; OA; SI; SO; TM; VC; ZA. U.S.A.: AR; AZ; FL; JA; IN; LA; MI; MO; NC; NM; TX. FLOWERS. Polylectic. Asclepias, Aster, Bidens leucantha, Cassia, Cephalanthus, Chrysopsis, Coreopsis, Crotalaria, Croton linearis, Cyrilla, Eryngium, Flaveria, Gaillardia, Galactia, Helenium tenuifolium, Helianthus, Ilex, Kallstroemia grandiflora, Lespedeza repens, Liatris, Melanthera radiata, Melilotus, Morongia [= Schrankia] angustata, Phaseolus, Pycnanthemum hypsopifolia, Rhus, Rudbeckia amplexicaulis, Sabal palmetto, Solidago canadensis, Stokesia, Verbena, Verbesina encelioides, Xyris caroliana. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from May to September in northern parts and March to November in the south. 3. Megachile (Acentron) arnaui Moure Megachile (Acentron) arnaui Moure 1948: 328. Male. Type locality: Tacanas, Tucuman, Argentina, January 1947 (J. M. Arnau). Type repository: UFPR. Pseudocentron (Acentron) arnaui Moure; Durante & Diaz 2000: 16 (A). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: TU. 4. Megachile (Acentron) atritarsis Strand Megachile atritarsis Strand 1910: 533–534. Female. Type locality: Paraguay. Type repository unknown. Based on Strand's description, the species is now placed in this subgenus. DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY. 5. Megachile (Acentron) beniensis Cockerell Megachile beniensis Cockerell 1927a: 19–20. Male. Type locality: Huachi, Beni, Bolivia (W. M. Mann). Type repository: USNM 29088. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) paranensis Schrottky. Synonym of Moure 1942: 308 and Mitchell 1943b: 663. Hedicke (1933:43) suggested M. beniensis Cockerell is a synonym of M. (Acentron) costaricensis Friese 1916. Megachile (Leptorachis) beniensis Cockerell; Mitchell 1934: 302. Megachile (Acentron) beniensis Cockerell; Raw 2002: 3. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Mitchell 1930: 229 (D); Myers 1935: 137 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB—Huachu. BRAZIL: MT—Salobra. COSTA RICA. TRINIDAD: Mt St Benedict. The disjunct distribution of this species warrants investigation. 6. Megachile (Acentron) breviuscula Smith Megachile breviuscula Smith 1879: 82. Female. Type locality: Orizaba, Mexico. Type repository: NHML 17a2498. Examined. The type is labelled "brevis" in F. Smith's hand. Megachile (Acentron) breviuscula Smith; Ayala et al 1997: 454 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1899: 11 (D); 1905a: 340 (K); Friese 1911: 257 (D, R-F). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: VC—Orizaba. 7. Megachile (Acentron) candida Smith Megachile candida Smith 1879: 82–83. Female. Type locality: Mexico. Type repository: NHML 17a2417. Examined. Megachile candidella Mitchell 1930: 206–207. Female. Type locality: Mexico. Type repository: ANSP 4149. Examined. Synonymy of Mitchell, pers. comm. in Michener 1954: 100 (D, F, L). Megachile (Acentron) candida Smith; Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Acentron) candidella Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. 12 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 454 (D); Cockerell 1896a: 286 (K); 1899: 12 (D); 1905a: 340 (K); 1931: 540 (T); 1949: 450 (D); Cheesman 1929: 145 (D); Friese 1911: 257 (D, R-F); Mitchell 1943b: 663 (T as M. candida and M. candidella); Moure 1948: 329, 332 (K); Schwarz 1934: 19 (D as M. candidella). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. BELIZE: Prieta. BRAZIL: AP—Macapa. COLOMBIA: MA—Cerro Patron (4000 ft) [1200 m], Rio Frio, VC—Sevilla. GUYANA: Kartabo. HONDURAS: Zamorano. MEXICO: CP; GO; SL; TB; VC; YU—Chichenitza; Rio Nautla. PANAMA: CO—Barro Colorado Island, Juan Mina; PA—Chiva Chiva, Panamá—Old Panamá, Panamá City, Taboga Island, Tocumen; VE—Corozal, Farfan; CH—Pedregal, Pueblo Nuevo; Cerro Cobre. TRINIDAD: St. Augustine. FLOWERS. Elvira [= Delilia] biflora, Melampodium divaricatum, Melanthera discoidea. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly most of the year. 8. Megachile (Acentron) civilis Mitchell Megachile civilis Mitchell 1930: 208–209. Female. Type locality: Villarrica, Paraguay, February 1923. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Acentron) civilis Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Moure 1948: 331, 334 (D, K); Silveira et al 2002: 211 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM; SP. PARAGUAY: GU—Villarrica. 9. Megachile (Acentron) costaricensis Friese Megachile costaricensis Friese 1916: 341. Female. Type locality: San José (Schmidt) and San Mateo (Burgdorf), Costa Rica. Type repository: MNHU. The combination is based on a paratype female in USNM. Megachile (Acentron) costaricensis Friese; Raw 2002: 3. Hedicke (1933: 43) suggested M. beniensis Cockerell is a synonym. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Friese 1921: 80 (N, L, P). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA: SJ. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in July. MORTALITY FACTOR. Possibly Coelioxys tectiformis. NESTING. Nested in bamboo stems. Cells lined with leaf cuttings. 10. Megachile (Acentron) dilatata Mitchell Megachile dilatata Mitchell 1929: 344–346. Gynandromorph. Type locality: Corumbá, Brazil, April. Type repository: ANSP 4108. Examined. Megachile (Acentron) dilatata Mitchell; Raw 2002: 3. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 211 (D); Wcislo et al 2004: 1448 (A). ANATOMY. Intersexes. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MS—Corumbá; MT; PR. 11. Megachile (Acentron) eburnipes Vachal Megachile eburnipes Vachal 1904: 13. Male. Type locality: Tucuman [Argentina], 20 Feb 1898 (Girard). Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile eburneipes Vachal 1909: 10 (K). (Misspelling or unjustified emendation.) Megachile bernardina Schrottky 1913a: 209–210. Male. Type locality: Jundiahy, São Paulo, [Brazil] November 1900. Type repository: MZSP. Examined. [Type missing left hind tibia and tarsi.] Synonymy of Raw 2002: 3. Megachile (Acentron) bernardina Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Pseudocentron (Acentron) eburnipes Vachal; Durante & Diaz 2000: 16 (A). Megachile (Acentrina) bernardina Schrottky; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D as M. bernardina); Cure et al 1992: 231 (D as M. bernardina); Damasceno & Silveira 1998 (D as M. bernardina); Mitchell 1930: 205 (D, T); Moure 1948: 329, 330, 332 (K as M. bernardina); Raw 2002: 3 (T); Schrottky 1913b: 247 (D); Silveira et al 2002: CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 13 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 211 (D); Strand 1910: 538; Zanella 2003: 234 (D as M. bernardina); 2000: 590 (D); 2003: 234 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D); UFPR (D). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA; LR; TU. BOLIVIA: SC—Santa Cruz de la Sierra. BRAZIL: BA— Conduru; ES—São Leopoldina; MG—Belo Horizonte, Passos, Viçosa; MS—Pedra Branca; MT; PR; RN— Serra Negra do Norte; RS; SP—Jundiaí. 12. Megachile (Acentron) florensis Mitchell Megachile manaosensis Mitchell 1930: 203–204. Male. Type locality: Flores, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 2 August 1924. Type repository: Meyer. (Not Megachile (Acentron) manaosensis Mitchell; Schrottky 1913a.) Megachile florensis Mitchell 1943b: 671. Replacement name. Megachile (Acentron) florensis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 3. Moure 1948: 334 suggested M. manaosensis Mitchell might be a synonym of M. (Acentron) civilis Mitchell. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM—Manaus. 13. Megachile (Acentron) hastigera Moure Megachile (Acentron) hastigera Moure 1948: 330–331. Male. Type locality: Curitiba, [Paraná, Brazil] 19 November 1937 (J. S. Moure). Type repository: UFPR. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 211 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. Ascher 2007 (D); RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: TU. BRAZIL: MT: Xavantina; PR; RS. 14. Megachile (Acentron) illustris Mitchell Megachile illustris Mitchell 1930: 188–189. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4142. Examined. Megachile (Acentron) illustris Mitchell; Raw 2002: 3. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT. 15. Megachile (Acentron) itapuae Schrottky Megachile itapuae Schrottky 1908: 238. Female. Type locality: Encarnacion, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile (Acentron) itapuae Schrottky; Raw 2002: 4. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Schrottky 1913a: 143 (K), 183 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP—Botucatú. PARAGUAY: IT—Encarnacion. 16. Megachile (Acentron) lentifera Vachal Megachile lentifera Vachal 1909: 10. Male. Type locality: Rio Grande do Sul, Brésil. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile limae Schrottky 1913a: 176–177. Female. Type locality: Jundiaí, São Paulo, [Brazil]. Type repository: MZSP. Synonymy of Moure 1941: 92 (D) and Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile morosa Mitchell 1930: 209–210. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Synonymy of Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Pseudocentron) limae Schrottky; Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Acentron) lentifera Vachal; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Pseudocentron (Leptorachis) lentifera Vachal; Bortoli & Laroca 1997: 62 (D). Megachile (Acentrina) lentifera Vachal; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). Megachile (Acentrina) limae Schrottky; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Barbola & Laroca 1990: 95 (D); Gonçalves & Melo 2005: 569 (D, F); Mitchell 1930: 223 (D as M. limae), (T as M. morosa); Moure 1942: 309 (D as M. limae), 1944a: 16 (D as M. limae); 1948: 329, 332 (K); Sakagami et al 1967: 272 (D, L); Schrottky 1913a: 142 & 144 (K); Silveira et al 2002: 211 (D). 14 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D, F). DF—Brasília. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: DF—Brasília; MG: Varginha; MS; MT; PR— Guarapuava, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Reserva Passa Dois, São José dos Pinhais; RS; SP—Vila Ema. FLOWERS. Calea, Eupatorium, Stevia gardneriana, Vernonia oligolepis. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from November to May in Paraná. 17. Megachile (Acentron) manaosensis Schrottky Megachile manaosensis Schrottky 1913a: 201. Male. Type locality: Manaus, AM, Brazil. Type repository MZSP. (Not Megachile manaosensis Mitchell 1930. [= M. (Acentron) florensis Mitchell.] See Mitchell 1943b: 671.) Megachile (Acentron) manaosensis Schrottky; Raw 2002: 4. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM. 18. Megachile (Acentron) pallipes Smith Megachile pallipes Smith 1879: 71. Male. Type locality: São Paulo [de Olivença], Amazon, [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2445. Examined. Megachile pallidipes Dalla Torre 1896: 443. [New name, but not indicated as a replacement name. Evidently intended as a correction. Invalid emendation, D. B. Baker pers. comm. October 1989.] Megachile (Acentron) pallipes Smith; Moure 1948: 334. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Friese 1911: 269 (D, R-M). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM. 19. Megachile (Acentron) permunda Cockerell Megachile permunda Cockerell 1912a: 56. Male. Type locality: Natal, [RN], Brazil (W. M. Mann). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Acentron) permunda Cockerell; Raw 2002: 4. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: RN. 20. Megachile (Acentron) tupinaquina Schrottky Megachile tupinaquina Schrottky 1913a: 202–203. Male. Type locality: Jundiaí, São Paulo. Type repository: MZSP ? Megachile (Acentron) tupinaquina Schrottky; Moure 1948: 332 (K). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D); Moure 1948: 332 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D); UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: BA; GO—Goiás; MG—Araxá, Belo Horizonte, Passos; MT; PB—João Pessoa; SP. 21. Megachile (Acentron) veraecrucis Cockerell Megachile veraecrucis Cockerell 1896a: 285–286. Male. Type locality: San Rafael, Vera Cruz [Veracruz], Mexico, 18 June (C. H. T. Townsend). Type repository: USNM 9659. Examined. Megachile (Acentron) veraecrucis Cockerell; Ayala et al 1997: 454 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1899: 12 (D); 1932: 13, 15 (D, K); Friese 1911: 247 (D, R-M). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: VC; YU—Chichenitza, Rio Nautla. 22. Megachile (Acentron) verrucosa Brèthes Megachile verrucosa Brèthes 1909: 255. Female. Type locality: San Bernardino, Paraguay (K. Fiebrig). Type repository: MACN. Megachile (Acentron) verrucosa Brèthes; Zanella 2000: 590. Megachile (Prionepistoma) verrucosa Brèthes; Moure ms name. Prionepistoma is a nomen nudum (Silveira et al 2002: 204). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Moure 1944b: 120–1 (D, T); Zanella 2003: 234 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D); UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: CE—São Benedito; GO—Aragarças; MS—Aquidauana; RN—Serra Negra do Norte. PARAGUAY: CO—San Bernardino. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 15 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 23. Megachile (Acentron) villarricensis Mitchell Megachile villarricensis Mitchell. 1930: 207–208. Female. Type locality: Villa Rica, Paraguay. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Acentron) villarricensis Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG—Passos; PARAGUAY: GU—Villarrica. Subgenus Argyropile Mitchell Megachile (Argyropile) Mitchell 1934: 302, 308. Type species Megachile parallela Smith 1853. Original designation. Megachile (Argyropile) Mitchell 1937b: 46–47. Sandhouse 1943: 528. Michener 2000: 549–550. Megachiloides (Argyropile) Mitchell 1980: 40. The eight species of the subgenus are North American, two of which reach the Neotropics in Mexico. Mitchell (1943a: 16) provided a key to the identification of the females of seven of the species subsequent to his 1937 revision. 1. Megachile (Argyropile) flavihirsuta Mitchell Megachile flavihirsuta Mitchell 1930: 225–226. Male. Type locality: Guadalajara, Mexico, 14 Sept (McClendon). Type repository: ANSP 4126. Megachile (Argyropile) flavihirsuta Mitchell; Mitchell 1937b: 46. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 454 (D); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: GO; HI; JA; MI; MO; NA; PU; SI; VC; ZA. 2. Megachile (Argyropile) parallela Smith Megachile parallela Smith 1853: 191. Male. Type locality: Georgia [U.S.A.]. Type repository: NHML 17a2413. Megachile (Argyropile) parallela Smith; Mitchell 1934: 302. Megachile facunda Cresson 1872: 266. Male. Type locality: Texas (Belfrage). Type repository: ANSP 2426. Synonymy of Cockerell 1913: 536. Megachile 6-dentata Robertson 1895: 125. Male. Type locality: Illinois. Synonymy of Cockerell 1913: 536. Megachile verbesinae Cockerell 1908b: 264–265. Female. Type locality: Rinconada, Upper Rio Grande, New Mexico, 26 September on Verbesina exauriculata (Cockerell). Synonymy of Mitchell 1944: 132. Megachile (Argyropile) parallela var. rita Mitchell 1937b: 53. Female. Type locality: Mt. Santiago, California, 19 Sept 1926 on Ericameria parishii (P. H. Timberlake). Type repository: USNM 44251. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2066. Megachile (Argyropile) parallela var. reta Mitchell; Mitchell 1943a: 16 (Misspelling.) Megachile (Argyropile) parallela parallela Mitchell 1962: 159–161 (D, F, L, R-FM). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905a: 337 (R-M); 1915a: 268 (D, F); W. P. Cockerell 1917: 191 (D); Fischer 1951: 49–50 (N); Graenicher 1930: 162 (D, F); Hurd 1979: 2066 (D, F, N); Mitchell 1929: 333 (A); 1937b: 48–53 (D, F, R-FM); 1941: 167 (A, D, F); 1943a: 12 (D); Parker 1981: 62, 65 (F); Robertson (as M. sexdentata) 1897: 351 (D, R-F); 1926: 378; 1929 (F as M. sexdentata); Wcislo et al 2004: 1448 (A); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). ANATOMY. Intersex. DISTRIBUTION. CANADA: BC. MEXICO: CH; CO; DU; GT; HI; JA; MO; NA; OA; PU; SO; VC; ZA. U.S.A.: ND; IN; TX; AR; CA (to 4,000 ft [1200 m]); GA; IA; KS; MO; NC; OK. FLOWERS. Polylectic. Agoseris, Asclepias, Aster, Baccharis, Boltonia, Brassica geniculata, Calycadenia multiglandulosa, Ceanothus, Centaurea melitensis, C. solstitialis, Cephalanthus, Chrysanthemum, Chrysothamnus, Cirsium, Clarkia williamsonii, Coreopsis grandiflora, C. lanceolata, C. tinctoria, Corethrogyne, Encelia farinosa, Ericameria parishii, Erigeron pygmaeus, Eriophyllum confertiflorum, Gaillardia pulchella, Gilia, Gossypium, Grindelia camporum, Gutierrezia californica, G. sarothrae, Haplopappus squarrosus, H. vernonioides, Helenium bigelovii, Helianthus annuus, H. atrorubens, H. gracilentus, H. nuttal- 16 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. lii, H. petiolaris, Heliopsis, Hemizonia lobbii, H. wrightii, Heterotheca grandiflora, H. subaxillaris, Hypericum, Lepachys, Lotus scoparius, Malacothrix tenuifolia, Medicago, Melanthera parvifolia, Melilotus alba, Monarda punctata, Palafoxia linearis, Petalostemon [= Dalea], Phaseolus, Ratibida columnaris, Rudbeckia, Senecio douglasii, Silphium, Stephanomeria exigua, Verbena, Verbesina encelioides, V. exauriculata Viquiera, Xanthocephalum, Zexmenia. Also reported as oligolectic on Asterae and Heliantheae. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from June to September. NESTING. Excavates nest 5 cm deep in ground, but also accepts trap-nests. Uses leaf-cuttings and entire leaves and leaflets of Spiraea vanhoutteii and Trifolium repens. Subgenus Austromegachile Mitchell Megachile (Austromegachile) Mitchell 1943b: 666–667. Type species Megachile montezuma Cresson 1878. Original designation. Michener et al 1994: 149, Michener 2000: 550. Megachile (Holcomegachile) Moure 1953: 119–120. Type species Megachile giraffa Schrottky 1913a. Original designation. Monotypic. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 550. Cressoniella (Austromegachile) Mitchell 1980: 63. The 37 species range from Mexico to Argentina. A total of 23 are known from Brazil and 16 from Bolivia. One species occurs on St. Vincent (West Indies). 1. Megachile (Austromegachile) abnormis Mitchell Megachile abnormis Mitchell 1930: 271. Male. Type locality: Tapyta, Paraguay, November 1928. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Austromegachile) abnormis Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 667. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: LR—Dique Los Suaces. BRAZIL: PR—Garimpo Tibaji; RJ: Tijuca. PARAGUAY: CA—Tapyta. 2. Megachile (Austromegachile) anomala Schrottky Megachile anomala Schrottky 1902: 437. Female. Type locality: Jundiahy, S. Paulo [State], 2 February 1900 (M. Beron). Type repository: MZSP. Megachile campinensis Schrottky 1908: 236. Female. Type locality: Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP. Synonymy of Schrottky 1913a: 164. Megachile minuscula Schrottky 1913a: 219. Male. Type locality: Marumbí (São Paulo ?), Brazil. Type repository: MZSP ? Synonymy of Moure 1941: 91. Megachile (Austromegachile) anomala anomala Moure 1953: 114–115. Megachile (Austromegachile) anomala var. oligosticta Moure 1953: 113–114. Female. Type locality: Colopampa (1500 m) or Chulumani (1800 m), Yungas de La Paz, Bolivia. Type repository: Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina ? Megachile (Austromegachile) anomala var. weyrauchi Moure 1953: 114–115. Type locality: Huacapistana (1800 m), Valle del Chanchamayo (800 m) or Oreja de Capelo (1600 m), Peru (Dr W. K. Weyrauch). Type repository: UFPR ? Moure (1953: 114) suggested M. anomala is a synonym of M. (Austromegachile) susurrans Haliday. Megachile (Austromegachile) oligostticta Moure; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). (Misspelling.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D); Schrottky 1913a: 139 (D, K, R-F); 1920: 32 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. MZSP (D); UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA. BOLIVIA: LP—Colopampa (1500 m), Chulumani (1800 m), Yungas de La Paz. BRAZIL: MG—Araxá, Belo Horizonte, Lavras, Passos; PR; RJ—Itatiaia; SP—Ipiranga, Juquiá (MZSP). PARAGUAY. PERU: JU—Chanchamay, Huacapistana (1800 m), Valle del Chanchamayo (800 m); Oreja de Capelo (1600 m). Schrottky's record (1920: 32) from Manaus should be confirmed. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly February to April. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 17 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 3. Megachile (Austromegachile) antiqua Mitchell Megachile antiqua Mitchell 1930: 270. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil, January (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4121. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) antiqua Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 667. Megachile (Austromegachile) antigua Mitchell; Michener 1954: 102 (D, F, L). (Misspelling.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cure et al 1992: 231 (D); Damasceno & Silveira 1998 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG—Viçosa; MT; RJ—Itatiaia; RS; SP. MEXICO: CP; JA; MO; NA. PANAMA: CO—Barro Colorado. FLOWER. Cornuta grandiflora. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in February & March. 4. Megachile (Austromegachile) constructrix Smith Megachile constructrix Smith 1879: 77–78. Female. Type locality: Villa Nova [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2447. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) constructrix Smith; Raw 2002: 4. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alfken 1930: 11 (D); Cockerell 1905a: 341 (D, K); 1912a: 55 (K); Friese 1911: 266 (D, R-F); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: BI. BRAZIL: AM—Taracuá; PA. 5. Megachile (Austromegachile) corona Mitchell Megachile corona Mitchell 1930: 274–275. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Austromegachile) corona Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 667. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Andena et al 2005: 63 (D, F); Damasceno & Silveira 1998 (D); Loyola & Martins 2004: 43 (D, N); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: MG—Belo Horizonte; PR; RJ—Itatiaia; SP— Corumbataí. FLOWERS. Piptocarpha rotundifolia, Solanum gemellum. NESTING. Nested in wooden trap-nests. 6. Megachile (Austromegachile) donata Mitchell Megachile donata Mitchell 1930: 269. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil, January (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4129. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) donata Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 667. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT. 7. Megachile (Austromegachile) exaltata Smith Megachile exaltata Smith 1853: 185–186. Male. Type locality: Rio Tapajoz, Brazil (H. W. Bates). Type repository: NHML 17a2458. Examined. Megachile (Holcomegachile) exaltata Smith; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). Megachile (Austromegachile) exaltata Smith; Raw 2002: 4. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1923: 456 (T); Frankie et al 1998: 288 (D, F); Friese 1911: 267 (D, R-M). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UCD (D, N); UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PA—Cachimbo. COSTA RICA: GU—Liberia; PU—Monte Verde. MEXICO: JA; YU—Chichenitza. FLOWER. Andira inermis. NESTING. Lines cells with cut leaves. 18 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 8. Megachile (Austromegachile) facialis Vachal Megachile facialis Vachal 1908: 239–240. Female. Type locality: R. Mixiollo (1200 m), Huallaga, Peru. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) facialis Vachal; Raw 2002: 4. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM—Tefe. PERU: HU. 9. Megachile (Austromegachile) fiebrigi Schrottky Megachile fiebrigi Schrottky 1908: 234 (April). Female. Type locality: São Paulo, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile planiceps Friese 1909a: 237. Female. Type locality: S. Bernadino, Paraguay, 7 April (Fiebrig). Type repository: MNHU. Synonymy of Schrottky 1913a: 154 and Mitchell 1930: 273. Megachile (Austromegachile) fiebrigi Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 667. Megachile tergina Vachal 1908: 223 (December). Female. Type locality: Huallaga, Peru. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Synonymy of Raw 2002: 4. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1919: 219 (K as M. tergina); Gonçalves & Melo 2005: 569 (D, F); Mitchell 1930: 273 (D), 274 (T); Moure 1942: 311 (D); Santana et al 2002: 1123 (D, F); Schrottky 1913a: 137 (K), 154–155 (D, R-F); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D); Strand 1909: 234 (D as M. planiceps). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D); RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: (northern parts). BRAZIL: AM; DF—Brasília, Planaltina; MG—Ijaci, Lavras; MS; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães, Salobra; PR—Parque Estadual de Vila Velha; RS; SP. PARAGUAY: CE—Asunción; CO—San Bernardino. PERU: HU. Schrottky's record (1920: 32) from Manaus should be confirmed. FLOWERS. Centrosema virginianum, Phaseolus vulgaris. 10. Megachile (Austromegachile) futilis Mitchell Megachile futilis Mitchell 1930: 254–255. Male. Type locality: Tapyta, Paraguay. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Austromegachile) futilis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 5. DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY: CA—Tapyta. 11. Megachile (Austromegachile) giraffa Schrottky Megachile giraffa Schrottky 1913a: 218. Male. Type locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP ? Megachile anodonta Cockerell 1927a: 18. Male. Type locality: Reyes, Bolivia, October (W. M. Mann). Type repository: USNM 29084. Synonymy of Moure 1953: 120. Megachile (Holcomegachile) giraffa Schrottky; Moure 1953: 120 (D). Ch[alicodoma] anodonta Schrottky; Heithaus 1979: 196 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Mitchell 1930: 263 (D as M. anodonta); Moure 1942: 312 (D); 1953: 120 (D); Posey 1983: 156 (D); Serrão 2005: 128–132 (A, D); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). ANATOMY. Proventricular structure. DISTRIBUTION. BELIZE Benque Viejo. BOLIVIA: EB—Reyes; SC—Santa Cruz de la Sierra. BRAZIL: AC—Iquirí; MG—Viçosa; MS; MT—Bodoquena, Salobra; PA—Gorotire. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste Province. HONDURAS. MEXICO: YU. PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni. 12. Megachile (Austromegachile) habilis Mitchell Megachile habilis Mitchell 1930: 278–279. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil, January (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4122. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) habilis Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 667. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Laroca et al 1987: 95–99 (D, N); Michener 1954: 102 (D, L); Moure 1942: 311 (D); 1953: 117 (D); Santos et al 2004: 324 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: MG; MS; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães; RJ— CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 19 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Gavea Pequena; TO—Esperantina. COLOMBIA: MA—Santa Marta, Mount San Lorenzo (2500 ft [750 m]). MEXICO. PANAMA: PA—Chorrera. PERU: JU—Valle Chanchamayo (800 m). LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in May. NESTING. Nests have been found under the bark of a dead branch, cells constructed of cut leaves. 13. Megachile (Austromegachile) ignava Mitchell Megachile ignava Mitchell 1930: 279–280. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Austromegachile) ignava Mitchell; Moure 1953: 117–119 (D, R-FM). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. MZSP (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: AM—Içana, São Gabriel; RO—Vila Rondônia. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly January and February. 14. Megachile (Austromegachile) incongrua Smith Megachile incongrua Smith 1879: 78. Female. Type locality: Tunantins [Amazonas, Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2501. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) incongrua Smith; Raw 2002: 5. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM; PA. 15. Megachile (Austromegachile) insolens Mitchell Megachile insolens Mitchell 1930: 275–276. Female. Type locality: British Guiana, 28 April 1901 (Crew). Type repository: USNM 43094. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) insolens Mitchell; Raw 2002: 5. DISTRIBUTION. GUYANA. 16. Megachile (Austromegachile) laevinasis Vachal Megachile laevinasis Vachal 1904: 13. Female. Type locality: Tucuman [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) laevinasis Vachal; Raw 2002: 5. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: TU. 17. Megachile (Austromegachile) lamnula Vachal Megachile lamnula Vachal 1908: 227. Male. Type locality: Brésil (probablement provenant de Goyaz). Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Austromegachile) lamnula Vachal; Mitchell 1943b: 667. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1923: 456 (T); 1927b: 22 (T); Schrottky 1913a: 218 (D); 1920: 29 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: GO; SP—Alto da Serra. PARAGUAY. 18. Megachile (Austromegachile) lenticula Vachal Megachile lenticula Vachal 1908: 244. Male. Type locality: Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Austromegachile) lenticula Vachal; Mitchell 1943b: 667. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1912a: 54–55, 61 (D, R-F, K); 1919: 218 (D); 1927a: 17 (D, K, RM); Michener 1954: 102 (D, L); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB—Cavinas, Riberalta; LP—Mapirí. BRAZIL: AM—Tefe; PA—Óbidos; RO—Porto Velho; RS. PANAMA: CO—Barro Colorado. PERU: PA—Palacazu. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in March. 20 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 19. Megachile (Austromegachile) limata Vachal Megachile limata Vachal 1908: 226. Female. Type locality: Cayenne [Guyane Française]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) limata Vachal; Raw 2002: 5. DISTRIBUTION. GUYANE FRANç AISE: Cayenne. 20. Megachile (Austromegachile) melanopoda Cockerell Megachile melanopoda Cockerell 1923a: 456–457. Male. Type locality: Issororo, N.W.D. British Guiana, 15 June 1915 (Bodkin). Type repository unknown. Megachile (Austromegachile) melanopoda Cockerell; Raw 2002: 5. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Mitchell 1930: 263 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT—Chapada dos Guimarães. GUYANA. 21. Megachile (Austromegachile) minima Ashmead Megachile minima Ashmead 1900: 214. Male. Type locality: St. Vincent [West Indies]. Type repository: NHML 17a2494. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) minima Ashmead; Raw 2002: 5. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Friese 1908b: 38 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ST. VINCENT. 22. Megachile (Austromegachile) montezuma Cresson Megachile montezuma Cresson 1878: 129. Male. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2431. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) montezuma Cresson; Mitchell 1943b: 667. Moure 1953: 114 suggested this species may be a synonym of M. (Austromegachile) susurrans Haliday. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1899: 11 (D), 1912e: 26 (D, F); 1932: 14 (K); Cresson 1916: 124 (T); Friese 1911: 258 (D, R-F); González 2004: 155–156 (A); Mitchell 1930: 280 (D) (Misdetermination ?); Moure 1945: 409 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 212(D); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). ANATOMY. Gynandromorph. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA. BRAZIL: MG—Passos; MT; SP-São Carlos. GUATEMALA: Quirigua. MEXICO: CP; JA; MO; NA; SI. PARAGUAY. 23. Megachile (Austromegachile) orbiculata Mitchell Megachile orbiculata Mitchell 1930: 273–274. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Austromegachile) orbiculata Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 667. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Michener 1954: 102 (D, F, L); Morato 2003 (D, M, N); Moure 1953: 117 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. MZSP (D); UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: AM—Tefe; RO—Porto Velho; SC—Buena Vista; Chaparé. BRAZIL: AC; BA; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães; PA—Obidos; RO—Vila Rondônia. PANAMA: PA—Old Panamá. FLOWER. Hibiscus tiliaceus. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in April. MORTALITY FACTORS. Coelioxys, Theronia, Phalacrotophora, Eurytomidae, Ichneumonidae, Meloidae. NESTING. Nested in trap-nests with cavities of 9.5–12.7 mm diameter. Nest constructed of leaf pieces. 24. Megachile (Austromegachile) paraensis Mocsary Megachile vigilans Smith 1879: 77. Female. Type locality: Pará [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2428. Examined. (Not Megachile vigilans Smith 1878. "Turkestan".) Megachile paraensis Mocsary 1887: 19. Replacement name. Megachile (Austromegachile) paraensis Smith; Raw 2002: 5. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 21 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Schrottky 1913a: 218 (D, R-F); Friese 1911: 269 (D, R-F). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PA. 25. Megachile (Austromegachile) philinca Cockerell Megachile philinca Cockerell 1912b: 176. Female. Type locality: Piura, Peru, February 1911 from nest (C. H. T. Townsend). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) philinca Cockerell; Raw 2002: 5. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1914d: 310 (D); Mitchell 1930: 263 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR: GU—Guayaquil. PERU: PI. NESTING. Lines cells with cut leaves. 26. Megachile (Austromegachile) recta Mitchell Megachile recta Mitchell 1930: 277–278. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Austromegachile) recta Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 667. Moure 1953: 113 placed Megachile recta in synonymy, considering it a dark form of M. anomala. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Michener 1954: 102 (D, L); Moure 1945: 409–410 (D); Santana et al 2002: 1123 (D, F); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. PANAMA: CH—El Volcan. FLOWER. Phaseolus vulgaris. 27. Megachile (Austromegachile) rubicunda Smith Megachile rubicunda Smith 1879: 73–74. Male. Type locality: St. Paulo [de Olivença], on the Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2450. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) rubicunda Smith; Raw 2002: 5. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Friese 1911: 270 (D, R-M). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM. 28. Megachile (Austromegachile) sejuncta Cockerell Megachile sejuncta Cockerell 1927a: 20–21. Male. Type locality: Cavinas, Beni, Bolivia, January (W. M. Mann). Type repository: USNM 29091. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) sejuncta Cockerell; Raw 2002: 5. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1927a: 13 (K). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB—Cavinas. 29. Megachile (Austromegachile) semota Cockerell Megachile semota Cockerell 1927a: 22. Male. Type locality: Huachi, Beni, Bolivia, September (W. M. Mann). Type repository: MCZ 25439. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) semota Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 667. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1927a: 13 (K); Mitchell 1930: 263 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB—Huachi; LP—Mapirí. BRAZIL: MS—Pedra Branca; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães; PA—Santarém; RO—Forte P. da Beira. 30. Megachile (Austromegachile) subpallens Vachal Megachile subpallens Vachal 1908: 230–231. Female. Type locality: Pachitea, Peru. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) subpallens Vachal; Raw 2002: 6. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D). DISTRIBUTION. PERU: HU; PA—Pachitea. 22 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 31. Megachile (Austromegachile) susurrans Haliday Megachile susurrans Haliday 1836: 320. Female. Type locality: São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Type repository: NHML 17a2476. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) susurrans Haliday; Moure 1953: 114; Collevatti et al 1998: 386. (Several authors have suggested Synonymies with M. montezuma Cresson and M. anomala Schrottky.) Cressoniella (Austromegachile) sussurrans Haliday; Jamhour & Laroca 2004: 50 (D). (Misspelling.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1911: 270 (D, R-F); Cockerell 1923a: 457-8 (T); Cruz Landim 1967: 204 (A); Cure et al 1992: 231 (D); Ferreira et al 2005: 571 (A, D); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D); Smith 1853: 186 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D); UFPR (D). ANATOMY. Thoracic salivary glands. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: BA—Serra Bonita (800 m), Una; MG—Viçosa; PR—Patos Brancos; RJ— Gavea Pequena; RS; SC—Corupá; SP—Rio Claro, São Paulo. 32. Megachile (Austromegachile) tepaneca Cresson Megachile tepaneca Cresson 1878: 128–129. Female. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2430. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) tepaneca Cresson; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1899: 11 (D); Cresson 1916: 131 (T); Friese 1911: 259 (D, R-F); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: JA; MO; NA. 33. Megachile (Austromegachile) trichrootricha Moure Megachile (Austromegachile) trichrootricha Moure 1953: 115–116. Female and male described. Type locality: Lima, Peru, January 1949 (P. Aguilar). Type repository: UFPR (D). (Some specimens from the type series are stored at the Entomological Museum of the Universidad Nacional Agraria de La Molina. C. Rasmussen, pers. comm.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Rasmussen 2004: 34 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR: LO—Vilcabamba. PERU: Lima. 34. Megachile (Austromegachile) tricosa Cockerell Megachile tricosa Cockerell 1927a: 21. Male. Type locality: Tumupasa, Bolivia, December (W. M. Mann). Type repository: USNM 29092. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) tricosa Cockerell; Raw 2002: 6. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1927a: 13 (K). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: Tumapusa. 35. Megachile (Austromegachile) trigonaspis Schrottky Megachile trigonaspis Schrottky 1913a: 191–192. Female. Type locality: Rincão, SP, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Megachile certa Mitchell 1930: 272. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil, January (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4120. Synonymy of Moure 1953: 116–117 (D). Megachile egressa Mitchell 1930: 276–277. Female. Type locality: Tapyta, Paraguay. Type repository: Meyer. Synonymy of Moure 1942: 311. Megachile (Austromegachile) trigonaspis Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 667. Megachile (Austromegachile) certa Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 667. Synonymy of Moure 1953: 116–117 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Gonçalves & Melo 2005: 569 (D, F); Graf 1967b: 131–133 (A); Michener 1954: 104 (D, L as M. certa); Moure 1941: 96–98 (D, R—F); 1942: 311 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. MZSP (D); RASMUSSEN (D); RAW (D); UFPR (D). ANATOMY. Anatomy of head glands. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: DF—Rio Maranhão; GO—Jataí; MG—Camisão; MS; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães, Salobra; PR—Curitiba, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha; CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 23 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. RJ—Itatiaia; SC—Nova Teutonia; SP—Rincão, Rio Claro. PANAMA: CO—Valle de Anton. PARAGUAY: CA—Abai, Tapyta. PERU: JU—Valle Chanchamayo (800 m). FLOWER. Vernonia oligolepis. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly January to April. NESTING. Cells lined with leaf pieces. 36. Megachile (Austromegachile) turbulenta Mitchell Megachile turbulenta Mitchell 1930: 255–256. Male. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Austromegachile) turbulenta Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 667. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA. 37. Megachile (Austromegachile) xantholeuca Cockerell Megachile xantholeuca Cockerell 1927a: 14. Intersex [not female]. Type locality: Cavinas, Rio Beni, Bolivia, January (W. M. Mann). Type repository: USNM 29054. Examined. Megachile (Austromegachile) xantholeuca Cockerell; Raw 2002: 6. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1927a: 12 (K). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB—Cavinas. Subgenus Austrosarus Raw Megachile (Austrosarus) frankieana Raw 2006: 26. Type species Megachile frankieana Raw 2006: 27. Original designation. This small subgenus of three species is apparently confined to central Brazil. 1. Megachile (Austrosarus) candanga Raw Megachile (Austrosarus) candanga Raw 2006: 30–31. Female. Type locality: Fazenda Água Limpa, Brasilia 26.4.1979 (A. Raw). Type repository: USP-RP. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF—Fazenda Água Limpa, Cabeça de Veado, Reserva Roncador, EMBRAPA Planaltina. FLOWERS. Eriosema floribundum, Galactia peduncularis, Stylosanthes guianensis, Hyptis villosa. 2. Megachile (Austrosarus) frankieana Raw Megachile (Austrosarus) frankieana Raw 2006: 27–30. Female. Type locality: Fazenda Água Limpa, Brasilia (15o 55 ' S; 47o 57 ' W) 25.9.1979 (A. Raw). Type repository: USP-RP. ANATOMY. Some variation on colour of pubescence recorded among females. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF—University of Brasília, North Peninsula Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, Cabeça de Veado, Reserva Roncador, Brasília National Park , Chapada de Contagem Brasília-Anapolis highway; MT—Cáceres; Nova Xavantina, Rio Manso; MG—Passos, Uberlândia. FLOWERS. Aspilia foliacea, Eupatorium, Vernonia fruticulosa, Viguiera grandiflora, Cuphea spermacoce, Eriosema floribundum, Eriope complicata, E. crassipes, Marsypianthes montana, Galactia grewiifolia, Oxalis, Erythroxylum, Stachytarphaeta cayennensis. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in all months except February, but most common September to November (37% of all specimens collected in October). 3. Megachile (Austrosarus) diasi Raw Megachile (Austrosarus) diasi Raw 2006 31–32. Female. Type locality: Fazenda Água Limpa, Brasilia, 24.1.1979 (A. Raw). Type repository: USP-RP. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF—North Peninsula Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, Cabeça de Veado, Reserva Roncador, Chapada de Contagem; EMBRAPA Planaltina . 24 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. FLOWERS. Aspilia foliacea, Cuphea linarioides, C. spermacoce, Eriope complicata, Eriosema floribundum, Stylosanthes guianensis, Turnera arcuota. Subgenus Callomegachile Michener Chalicodoma (Callomegachile) Michener 1962: 21–22. Type species Chalicodoma mystaceana Michener 1962: 22–24. Original designation. Michener 1965: 188–190. Mitchell 1980: 30. Chalicodoma (Carinella) Pasteels 1965: 447–449. Type species Megachile torrida Smith 1853: 156. Original designation. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 550. Megachile (Callomegachile) Michener et al 1994: 149; Michener 2000: 550. Megachile (Carinula) (replacement name for Carinella Pasteels 1965) Michener et al 1994: 149. Preoccupied by Carinula Johnston 1833. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 550. There are an estimated 97 species in the subgenus Callomegachile (Ascher 2007, Michener 2000: 550, Wu 2005, 2006). Three species have reached the New World, probably in historical times. 1. Megachile (Callomegachile) rufipennis (Fabricius) Apis rufipennis Fabricius 1793: 335. Female. Type locality: [St. Croix, West Indies]. Type repository: KIEL. Anthophora rufipennis (Fabricius); Fabricius 1804: 373. Trachusa rufipennis (Fabricius); Jurine 1807: 251. Megachile rufipennis (Fabricius); Latreille 1809: 166. Megachile atriceps Cresson 1865: 176. Female. Type locality: Cuba. Type repository: ANSP 2455. Synonymy of Moure 1960: 109 (D). Megachile nigriceps Friese 1903: 277. Type locality unknown. Type repository: MNHN. Synonymy of Pasteels 1965: 476. Megachile atriceps rukuruensis Cockerell 1937b: 146. Male. Type locality: Valley of N. Rukuru, Karonga District, Nyasaland, 2000–4000 ft [600–1200 m], 15–18 July 1910 (S. A. Neave). Synonymy of Pasteels 1965: 476. Megachile (Archimegachile) atriceps Cresson; Mitchell 1943b: 671. Chalicodoma (Callomegachile) rufipennis (Fabricius); Pasteels 1965: 476–478. Megachile (Callomegachile) rufipennis (Fabricius); Raw 2002: 6. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alayo 1976: 23 (D as M. atriceps); Ashmead 1900: 302 (D as M. atriceps); Cockerell 1905a: 339 (K) & 341 (K); 1935b: 2 (D as M. atriceps); Cresson 1916: 112 (T as M. atriceps); Friese 1902: 199 (D as M. atriceps); 1911: 261 (D, R-F as M. atriceps); 263 (D, R-F as M. rufipennis); Genaro 1997: 196 (D, L, N); 2007: 249 (D); Gundlach 1886: 162 (D, T as M. atriceps); Jayasingh & Freeman 1980: 215–216 (M, N); Smith 1853: 188 (D, T). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. Old World: EAST AFRICA. ZAIRE Katanga; Kivu; Kisangani. New World: CUBA: (Only in forest; rare) CH—Havana; LH—Laguna de Ariguanabo, San Antonio de los Baños, Santiago de Las Vegas; PR—Pinar del Rio. GUADELOUPE. HAITI: Port-au-Prince. JAMAICA: AN; CA. MARTINIQUE. MONTSERRAT. U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS: SC. LIFE CYCLE. Adults active in Cuba April-May & August–October and in Jamaica throughout year. MORTALITY FACTORS. Suidasia and moulds. Mortality during the young stages in trap-nests in Jamaica was 58%. NESTING. Nests in beetle burrows in wood, old Sceliphron cells and trap-nests of bored wood. Said to excavate own nest in rotten wood. 2. Megachile (Callomegachile) solitaria Smith Megachile solitaria Smith 1879: 80. Female. Type locality: St. Domingo [West Indies]. Type repository: NHML 17a2425. Megachile (Archimegachile) solitaria Smith; Mitchell 1943b: 671. Pasteels 1965: 454–455 suggested this is synonym of M. (Carinella) torrida Smith, but D. B. Baker (1985, pers. comm.) considered it to be a good species. There is a question whether both M. solitaria and M. torrida occur in the West Indies which can only be resolved by a re-examination of the types and of West Indian material. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 25 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile (Callomegachile) solitaria Smith; Raw 2002: 6. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905a: 338 (D, R-F), 341 (K); Friese 1911: 264 (D, R-F). DISTRIBUTION. Old World: GHANA. LIBERIA. UGANDA. ZAIRE. New World: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. 3. Megachile (Callomegachile) torrida Smith Megachile torridus Smith 1853: 156. Type locality: The Gambia (Rendall). Type repository unknown. Megachile (Megachile) torrida Smith; Friese 1909b: 355 (D). Megachile torrida Smith; Cockerell 1937b: 243 (D); Smith 1853: 156 (D). Chalicodoma (Carinella) torrida Smith; Pasteels 1965: 454–455. Megachile (Carinula) torrida Smith; Genaro 1997: 196 (D, L). Megachile (Callomegachile) torrida Smith; Raw 2002: 7. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1935b: 14 (D); Genaro 2007: 249 (D). DISTRIBUTION. Old World: GAMBIA. GHANA. KENYA. LIBERIA. MALAWI. MOZAMBIQUE. NIGERIA. TOGO. UGANDA. SENEGAL. ZAIRE. ZAMBIA. ZIMBABWE. New World: CUBA. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. MONTSERRAT. LIFE CYCLE. Adults active November–July. Subgenus Chaetochile Mitchell Cressoniella (Chaetochile) Mitchell 1980: 63. Type species Cressoniella (Chaetochile) golbachi Schwimmer, in Mitchell 1980: 87. Original designation. Monotypic. Megachile (Dasymegachile) (in part) Michener 2000: 555. Megachile (Chaetochile) Durante & Abrahamovich 2006: 103–109. The brief existence of Chaetochile has been chequered. In less than thirty years the subgenus has been created (Mitchell 1980), synonymised (Michener 2000) and reinstated (Durante & Abrahamovich 2006). Doubts continue to be voiced over its present separate status. The subgenus bears an interesting assortment of features. The unusually long mandible, flattened in front, is similar to that of M. (Chrysosarus) arctos Vachal (though the latter bears no cutting edges). The downwardly curved tips of the erect clypeal hairs are found in at least two species of Cressoniella. The pubescence of the thorax and first two metasomal terga is like that of Dasymegachile. The lack of long pubescence and presence of subapical fringes on the third to fifth metasomal terga are like those of Cressoniella. The flat clypeus and supraclypeal area remind one of an anthophorine bee. Michener (op. cit.) synonymised Chaetochile with Dasymegachile, but could as easily have placed it in Cressoniella. However, two characters are apparently apomorphic, justifying its continuation as a separate taxon. They are the complete and fully developed cutting edge in the second interspace and the unusually long mandible. Megachile (Chaetochile) mitchelli Raw Cressoniella (Chaetochile) golbachi Schwimmer, in Mitchell 1980: 87–92. Female. Type locality: La Quiaca, Jujuy Province, Argentina. Type repository: USNM. Examined. Megachile (Dasymegachile) golbachi Schwimmer; Michener 2000: 555. Megachile (Chaetochile) golbachi Schwimmer; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). Megachile (Dasymegachile) mitchelli Raw 2004 766: 2. Replacement name. (Not Megachile golbachi Schletterer 1891. Zaire.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Durante & Abrahamovich 2006: 103–109 (C, D, R-FM, T); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA—C. minas Capillitas; JU—Barrios, El Aguilar (4500 m), Iturbe, La Quiaca (Cerro Colorado); Santa Catalina; LR—La Rioja, Punta de Vacas-Los Horcones. BRAZIL: RS. PERU: PU—Titicaca. FLOWER. Lathyrus macropus. 26 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Subgenus Chelostomoides Robertson Chelostomoides Robertson 1901: 231. Type species Megachile rugifrons Smith 1854: 220 [= Megachile rufimanus Robertson 1891]. Subsequent designation (Mitchell 1937d: 382). Sandhouse 1943: 537. Oligotropus Robertson 1903: 168. Type species Megachile campanulae Robertson 1903. Monobasic. Synonymy of Mitchell 1937a: 381. Gnathodon Robertson 1903: 168. Type species Megachile georgicus Cresson 1878. Monobasic. Pre-occupied by Gnathodon Sowerby 1832 (fish). Sarogaster Robertson 1918: 92. Autobasic. Proposed to replace Gnathodon Robertson. Synonymy of Mitchell 1937a: 381. Megachile (Chelostomoides) Mitchell 1934: 298, 306, 937d: 382–383 (R-FM); 1943b: 664; 1956: 129–131. Michener 1953: 1059, 2000: 553. Michener et al 1994: 149. Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) Michener 1962: 20. Mitchell 1980: 35–39 (R—FM). Chelostomoidella Snelling 1990: 36–37. Type species Megachile (Chelostomoides) spinotulata Mitchell 1934. Original designation. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 553. The subgenus comprises 31 species (Michener 2000: 553). It is most diverse in south-western U.S.A. through Mexico and Central America. Seventeen species are Neotropical of which three are West Indian, two described and one collected from Colombia and one described from Peru. Snelling (1990) redescribed the subgenus and twenty species and also described five new species. Both he (1990: 5–8) and Mitchell (1956: 134–138) provided keys to the identification of the North American species and Snelling included two from the Neotropics (M. armaticeps and M. axyx). 1. Megachile (Chelostomoides) abacula Cresson Megachile abacula Cresson 1878: 130–131. Female. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2437. Examined. Megachile (Oligotropus) gualanensis Cockerell 1912e: 27–28. Female. Type locality: Gualan, Guatemala (W. P. Cockerell). Type repository: USNM 54861. Examined. Synonymy of Snelling 1990: 25–26. Megachile (Chelostomoides) gualanensis Cockerell; Mitchell 1934: 301. Megachile (Chelostomoides) abacula Cresson; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) abacula Cresson; Snelling 1990: 25–26 (D, F, L, R-FM). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1899: 11 (D); W. P. Cockerell 1912: 279 (D, N, P); T. D. A. Cresson 1916: 110 (T as M. abacula and M. gualanensis); Frankie et al 1998: 288 (D, F); Friese 1911: 256 (R-F); Mitchell 1930: 177 (D as M. abacula and M. gualanensis); 1956: 135–136 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA: GU—Liberia; PU—Monte Verde. HONDURAS. MEXICO: CP; OA— Salina Cruz; YU. GUATEMALA: Gualan. NICARAGUA. FLOWERS. Andira inermis, Cordia collococca, Lonchocarpus costaricensis, Melanthera nivea, Phyllocarpus, Salvia. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from September to April. NESTING. Nested in mud walls. MORTALITY FACTOR. Coelioxys sanguinosus. 2. Megachile (Chelostomoides) alucaba Snelling Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) alucaba Snelling 1990: 26–27. Female. Type locality: 9.2 km W Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Type repository: LACM. Megachile (Chelostomoides) alucaba Snelling; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: JA; MO; PU; SI; ZA. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in September and October. 3. Megachile (Chelostomoides) armaticeps Cresson Megachile armaticeps Cresson 1869: 296–297. Female. Type locality: Cuba (J. Gundlach). Type repository: GCH (no.527). CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 27 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile (Sayapis) armaticeps Cresson; Krombein 1953a: 22. Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) armaticeps Cresson; Snelling 1990: 28. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alayo 1976: 23 (D); Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Cresson 1916: 112 (T); Friese 1902: 199 (D); 1911: 261–1 (D, R-F); Genaro 1997: 197–8 (D, L, R-FM); Gundlach 1886: 164–165 (D, R-F), Raw 2002: 7 (T). DISTRIBUTION. CUBA: Throughout island (a rare coastal species). LIFE CYCLE. Adults active January–April. Megachile armaticeps is cited on the IUCN list of threatened species (Genaro 2006: 49). 4. Megachile (Chelostomoides) asymmetrica (Snelling) Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) asymmetrica Snelling 1990: 9–13. Male. Type locality: Oaxaca, Mexico, 8 Sept 1965 on Caesalpinia sclerocarpa (D. H. Janzen). Type repository: UK. Megachile (Chelostomoides) asymmetrica (Snelling); Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: JA; OA, QR; SL; YU. LIFE CYCLE. Adults collected in February, April and September. 5. Megachile (Chelostomoides) axyx (Snelling) Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) axyx Snelling 1990: 32–33. Female. Type locality: Hacienda Comelco, 24 km NW Cañas, Costa Rica, 16 Feb 1972 on Andira inermis (E. R. Heithaus). Type repository: LACM. Megachile (Chelostomoides) axyx Snelling; Raw 2002: 7. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Frankie et al 1998: 288 (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA: GU—Liberia; PU—Monte Verde. FLOWERS. Andira inermis, Byrsonima, Caesalpinia eriostachys, C. sclerocarpa Dalbergia retusa, Gliricidia sepium, Lonchocarpus costaricensis, Myrospermum frutescens, Pterocarpus rohrii, Securidaca sylvestris, Simaruba [= Quassia] glauca, Tabebuia rosea. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from November to April. 6. Megachile (Chelostomoides) bipartita Smith Megachile bipartita Smith 1879: 83. Female. Type locality: Oaxaca, Mexico. Type repository: NHML 17a2471. Examined. Megachile (Chelostomoides) bipartita Smith; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1899: 11 (D); 1905a: 340 (K); Friese 1911: 256–7 (D, R-F). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: OA. 7. Megachile (Chelostomoides) cartagenensis Mitchell Megachile cartagenensis Mitchell 1930: 176–177. Male. Type locality: Cartagena, Colombia, 30 October 1926 (George Salt). Type repository: NHML 17a2408. Examined. Megachile (Chelostomoides) cartagenensis Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 301. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Mitchell 1956: 137 (K). DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: BO—Cartagena. 8. Megachile (Chelostomoides) ecplectica (Snelling) Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) ecplectica Snelling 1990: 35–36. Female. Type locality: 11.4 mi W Chilpancingo, 7700 ft [2300 m], Guerrero, Mexico, 31 July 1969 (University of Kansas Mexican Expedition). Type repository: UK. Megachile (Chelostomoides) ecplectica (Snelling); Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: GO. 9. Megachile (Chelostomoides) haemotoxylonae Mitchell Megachile haemotoxylonae Mitchell 1930: 178–179. Female. Type locality: Mamatoco, Santa Marta, Colombia, 18 February 1927 (M. A. Carriker). Type repository: NHML 17a2403. Examined. Megachile (Chelostomoides) haemotoxylonae Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 301. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Mitchell 1956: 135 (K). DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: MA—Santa Marta. FLOWER. Haematoxylum. 28 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 10. Megachile (Chelostomoides) izucara Cresson Megachile izucara Cresson 1878: 131. Male. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2438. Megachile (Chelostomoides) izucara Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 301. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455; Cockerell 1899: 11 (D); Cresson 1916: 121 (T); Friese 1911: 258 (D, R-F). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO. 11. Megachile (Chelostomoides) jamaicae (Raw) Chelostomoides jamaicae Raw 1984a: 495. Female. Type locality: Port Royal Cemetery, Jamaica, 11 April 1974 (A. Raw). Type repository: OUM. Examined. Megachile (Chelostomoides) jamaicae (Raw); Raw 2002: 8. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Raw 1985: 2–13 (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. JAMAICA: AW. FLOWER. Capparis ferruginea. 12. Megachile (Chelostomoides) otomita Cresson Megachile otomita Cresson 1878: 123. Male. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2417. Examined. Megachile squamosa Friese 1916: 340–341. Male & Female. Type locality: San José, Costa Rica [females]/ Popayan, Colombia [male]. Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Mitchell 1930: 176 (D). Megachile knabi Cockerell 1919: 215–216. Male. Type locality: Cordoba, Mexico, 20 Dec 1907 (F. Knab). Type repository: USNM 21685. Examined. Synonymy of Cockerell 1932: 13 (D, K) and Mitchell 1930: 176. Megachile (Chelostomoides) otomita Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 301. Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) otomita Cresson; Snelling 1990: 19–20 (D, F, L). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1899: 11 (D), 1949: 450 (D, L); Cresson 1916: 126 (T); Friese 1911: 258 (D, R-F); 1921: 80 (L, M, N as M. squamosa); Heithaus 1979: 193 (as Ch. domita ?); Mitchell 1956: 135 (K), 138 (K); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. BMNH (D). DISTRIBUTION. BELIZE: Corozal. COLOMBIA: AN; CU—Valle; CA—Popayán. COSTA RICA: GU; SJ—Monte Redondo. EL SALVADOR: Santa Tecla (638 m). GUATEMALA. HONDURAS: Zamorano. MEXICO: CM; CP; GO—Rincon; GT; JA; MI; MO; OA; QR; SL; TA; VC; YU—Chichenitza. FLOWERS. Acacia tenuiflora, Andira inermis, Aster, Leonurus, Lotus, Salvia, Triplaris americana. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly throughout the year. NESTING. Nested in bamboo stems. MORTALITY FACTOR. Possibly Stelis costaricensis. 13. Megachile (Chelostomoides) peruviana Smith Megachile peruviana Smith 1879: 79. Female. Type locality: Peru. Type repository: NHML 17a2500. Examined. Megachile (Chelostomoides) peruviana Smith; Mitchell 1943b: 664. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1911: 269–70 (D, R-F); Cockerell 1949: 450 (D); Mitchell 1956: 135, 136 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. BMNH (D). DISTRIBUTION. PERU. HONDURAS: Zamorano. MEXICO: GO—Venta de Zopilote (2800 ft) [840 m]. 14. Megachile (Chelostomoides) quadridentata Mitchell Megachile quadridentata Mitchell 1930: 177–178. Female. Type locality: Guadalajara, Mexico. Type repository: USNM. Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) quadridentata Mitchell; Snelling 1990: 20–21. Megachile (Chelostomoides) quadridentata Mitchell; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: GE; GO; JA; MO; OA; PU; SI; SL; VC; ZA. FLOWER. Caesalpinia sclerocarpa. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly throughout the year. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 29 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 15. Megachile (Chelostomoides) rawi Engel Chelostomoides pedalis Raw 1984a: 494–495. Female. Type locality: Maryland, St. Andrew, Jamaica, 30 June 1972 (A. Raw). Type repository: OUM. Examined. Megachile (Chelostomoides) rawi Engel 1999: 2. Replacement name for Chelostomoides pedalis Raw. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Raw 1985: 2–13 (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. JAMAICA: AW. FLOWER. Piscidia piscipula. 16. Megachile (Chelostomoides) reflexa (Snelling) Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) reflexa Snelling 1990: 21–22. Male. Type locality: Estacion Biologia de Chamela, near San Patricio, Jalisco, Mexico, 12 May 1980 (S. H. Bullock). Type repository: LACM. Megachile (Chelostomoides) reflexa (Snelling); Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: GO; JA; MO; NA; OA; PU; SI; SO. FLOWERS. Antigonon leptopus, Caesalpinia sclerosa, Cercidium, Lonchocarpus, Prosopis. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly throughout the year. 17. Megachile (Chelostomoides) texensis Mitchell Megachile (Chelostomoides) texensis Mitchell 1956: 132–133. Female. Type locality: Southmost, Cameron County, Texas, 13 April 1950 on Parkinsonia (Beamer, Stephen, Michener & Rozens). Type repository: USNM. Examined. Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) texensis Mitchell; Hurd 1979: 2076 (N, F, P). Megachile (Chelostomoides) texensis Mitchell; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Snelling 1990: 33–35 (D, F, R-FM). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA: GU. MEXICO: CH; JA; PU; SO; VC; YU. U.S.A.: TX. FLOWERS. Agastache breviflora, Andira inermis, Caesalpinia eriostachys, Dalbergia retusa, Gliricidia sepium, Lonchocarpus costaricensis, Parkinsonia. NESTING. Nested in old beetle burrows of ramada. LIFE CYCLE. Flight records are from December to August. Subgenus Chrysosarus Mitchell Megachile (Chrysosarus) Mitchell 1943b: 664. Type species Megachile guaranitica Schrottky 1908. Original designation. Michener et al 1994: 149,178. Megachile (Dactylomegachile) Mitchell 1943b: 670. Type species Megachile parsonsiae Schrottky 1913. Original designation. Chrysosarus (Chrysosarus) Mitchell 1980: 72. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 553. Chrysosarus (Dactylomegachile) Mitchell 1980: 72. This subgenus is almost entirely restricted to South America. The 56 species range from Guyana and Peru to southern Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. One species reaches Panamá. To date 21 species are known from Argentina and 23 from Brazil. Mitchell (1943b) selected M. guaranitica as the type species because at that time it was the only species of the group in which the sexes had been associated. 1. Megachile (Chrysosarus) acris Mitchell Megachile acris Mitchell 1930: 297–298. Female. Type locality: Villarrica, Paraguay. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Chrysosarus) acris Mitchell; Raw 2002: 9. DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY: GU—Villarrica. 2. Megachile (Chrysosarus) aequalis Mitchell Megachile aequalis Mitchell 1930: 246–247. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil, November (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4133. Examined. [Type missing antennae.] Megachile (Chrysosarus) aequalis Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 666. 30 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT. 3. Megachile (Chrysosarus) affabilis Mitchell Megachile affabilis Mitchell 1930: 301–302. Female. Type locality: Villarrica, Paraguay. Type repository: Meyer. Chrysosarus (Dactylomegachile) affabilis Mitchell; Laroca et al 1992: 23–29 (D, N). Megachile (Chrysosarus) affabilis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 9. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Bortoli & Laroca 1997: 62 (D, N); Cockerell 1936: 250 (T); Laroca et al 1992: 24–25 (N); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PR—Guarapuava; SP—Santo Amaro. PARAGUAY: CA—Tapyta; GU—Villarrica. URUGUAY: CO; SO. NESTING. Cells constructed of outer and inner layers of petals and mid layer of mud. Used petals of Brassica, Echium plantaginium, Lotus corniculatus, Mirabilis jalapa. 4. Megachile (Chrysosarus) albopunctata Jörgensen Megachile albopunctata Jörgensen 1909: 225. Female. Type locality: Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina, December, Hoffmannseggia falcata. Type repository unknown. Megachile (Dasymegachile) albopunctata Jörgensen; Toro 1986: 127. Megachile (Chrysosarus) albopunctata Jörgensen; Raw 2002: 9. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Jörgensen 1912a: 127 (F, T), 132 (K); 1912b: 310 (D, F). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA—Andalgala, Halfín; LR—Mascasim; ME—Chacras de Coria. FLOWERS. Clematis hilarii, Hoffmannseggia falcata, Larrea tridentata, Senecio pinnatus, Verbesina octantha. 5. Megachile (Chrysosarus) arctos Vachal Megachile arctos Vachal 1904: 11. Female. Type locality: Callanga, Peru. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) arctos Vachal; Raw 2002: 9. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D). DISTRIBUTION. PERU: PU—Callanga. 6. Megachile (Chrysosarus) atricoma Vachal Megachile atricoma Vachal 1908: 224. Female. Type locality: Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Chrysosarus) atricoma Vachal; Mitchell 1943b: 666. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1919: 219 (K); 1927a: 12, 14 (D, K R-F); Mitchell 1930: 257 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB, SC—Buena Vista; LP—Rio Mapirí. GUYANA. PERU: JU—Chancahmayo. 7. Megachile (Chrysosarus) bella Mitchell Megachile bella Mitchell 1930: 249–250. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil, May (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4135. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) bella Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 666. Moure (1942: 310; 1943: 181) considered M. bella to be synonym of M. (Chrysosarus) diversa Mitchell. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Moure 1943: 180–181 (D, T); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães. 8. Megachile (Chrysosarus) binota Vachal Megachile binota Vachal 1908: 225. Female. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) binota Vachal; Raw 2002: 9. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 31 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Jörgensen 1912a: 131 (D, T). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME. 9. Megachile (Chrysosarus) botanicarum Cockerell Megachile botanicarum Cockerell 1923a: 453–454. Female. Type locality: Botanic Gardens, [Georgetown] British Guiana, 23 April 1915 (G. E. Bodkin). Type repository: NHML 17a2465. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) botanicarum Cockerell; Raw 2002: 9. DISTRIBUTION. GUYANA. 10. Megachile (Chrysosarus) breviata Vachal Megachile breviata Vachal 1908: 227. Female. Type locality: Lara, 4000m, Tucuman [Argentina] (Baer). Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Chrysosarus) breviata Vachal; Raw 2002: 9. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: TU. BOLIVIA: LP; PO—Chinoli. 11. Megachile (Chrysosarus) bruneriella Cockerell Megachile bruneriella Cockerell 1917: 239–240. Male. Type locality: Carcaraña, Argentina (L. Bruner). Type repository: USNM 22906. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) bruneriella Cockerell; Raw 2002: 9. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA. 12. Megachile (Chrysosarus) catamarcensis Schrottky Megachile catamarcensis Schrottky 1908: 237. Female. Type locality: Catamarca, Argentina. Type repository: MZSP ? Megachile guaranitica catamarcensis Schrottky 1909b: 268. Megachile (Chrysosarus) catamarcensis Schrottky; Moure 1947: 233–234 (D). Megachile gomphrenae Friese 1908a: 63–65 (D, K, R-FM). Synonymy of Jörgensen 1912b: 310. (Not Megachile (Pseudocentron) gomphrenae Holmberg 1886.) Jörgensen (1912a: 124) considered this to be a variety of M. guaranitica Schrottky and M. catamarcensis to be the male of M. collaris Friese. Schrottky (1913a: 168) and Mitchell (1930: 248) considered M. catamarcensis to be a synonym of M. (Chrysosarus) guaranitica Schrottky. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Jörgensen 1912a: 124–125 (D, L, M, N, P), 132 & 135 (K); 1912b: 309 (P), 310 (F, L); Schrottky 1913a: 168–169 (D, R-F). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA; ME—Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Pedregal, Potrerillos; SJ—Caucete; SL—Alto Pencoso; ST—Rio Carapari; TU. BRAZIL: SC—Blumenau; SP—Barbacena, Campinas, Jundiaí. Schrottky (1913a: 169) considered M. catamarcensis to be more typical of the Andean foothills. FLOWERS. Acacia furcata, Caesalpinia praecox, Circium lanceolatum, Convolvulus arvensis, Cuscuta racemosa, Cynara cordunculus, Hoffmannseggia, Hyalis argentea, Marrubium vulgare, Prosopis alpataco, P. campestris, P. strombulifera, Psoralea higuerilla, Senecio mendocinus, Sphaeralcea bonariensis. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly mid October to end of March. NESTING. Nests in bamboo canes and abandoned nests of Centris in old walls. The cell is 10 mm long and 8 mm wide, built of mud, lined with leaves and closed with mud. Leaves cut from Delphinium, Gladiolus, Papaver, rose and Malvaceae. MORTALITY FACTOR. Coelioxys inconspicua. 13. Megachile (Chrysosarus) collaris Friese Megachile gomphrenae var. collaris Friese 1908a: 65. Male. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository unknown. Megachile guaranitica var collaris Friese; Jörgensen 1909: 213. Megachile (Chrysosarus) collaris Friese; Mitchell 1943b: 666. Jörgensen 1912a: 124–125 considered Megachile collaris Friese to be the male of M. catamarcensis. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. (All as M. guaranitica var collaris.) Jörgensen 1909: 213–214 (D, F, L, N, 32 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. P); Schrottky 1913a: 168 (D); Strand 1910: 526 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME—Chacras de Coria, Pedregal, Potrerillos. PARAGUAY: CE—Villa Morra. FLOWERS. Acacia furcata, Caesalpinia praecox, Circium lanceolatum, Convolvulus arvensis, Cuscuta racemosa, Hoffmannseggia, Hyalis argentea, Prosopis alpataco, P. campestris, P. strombulifera, Psoralea higuerilla, Senecio mendocinus and Sphaeralcea bonariensis. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from November to March. NESTING. Nested in the cane thatch of houses and in abandoned cells of Centris in old walls. The cell is 10 mm long and 8 mm wide, built of mud, lined with leaves and closed with mud. Leaves were cut from Delphinium, Gladiolus, Papaver, rose and Malvaceae. MORTALITY FACTOR. Coelioxys inconspicua. 14. Megachile (Chrysosarus) compacta Smith Megachile compacta Smith 1879: 72. Female. Type locality: Santarém [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2442. Examined. (Not Megachile compacta Pérez 1895. Type locality: "Barbarie" (= M. crassula Pérez 1985).) Megachile (Chrysosarus) compacta Smith; Raw 2002: 9. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alfken 1933: 305 (D); Friese 1911: 265 (D, R-F). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PA—Santarém. PERU: LO—Pucallpa (180 m). 15. Megachile (Chrysosarus) concava Mitchell Megachile concava Mitchell 1930: 242–243. Male. Type locality: Villarrica, Paraguay, 1 (January ?) 1922. Type repository: Meyer. Males and females at AMNH were determined by the Manfredo Fritz in 1990 (J. Ascher, pers. comm). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: SF—La Rubia. PARAGUAY. 16. Megachile (Chrysosarus) conferta Mitchell Megachile conferta Mitchell 1930: 292–293. Male. Type locality: Puno, Peru. Type repository: MCZ 16207. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) conferta Mitchell; Raw 2002: 10. DISTRIBUTION. PERU: PU. 17. Megachile (Chrysosarus) congruata Mitchell Megachile congruens Mitchell 1930: 248–249. Male. Type locality: Pedra Branca, Brazil, April (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4150. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) congruata Mitchell 1943b: 666. Replacement name. (Not Megachile congruens Friese 1903 [= Chalicodoma (Pseudomegachile) congruens (Pasteels 1965: 394)]. Ethiopia.) Megachile (Chrysosarus) congruens Mitchell; Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MS—Corumbá, Pedra Branca; MT; Uacarizal. 18. Megachile (Chrysosarus) conjugalis Mitchell Megachile conjugalis Mitchell 1930: 258. Female. Type locality: San Alberto, Rio Branco, Amazonas [Brazil]. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Chrysosarus) conjugalis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 10. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM. 19. Megachile (Chrysosarus) contempta Mitchell Megachile contemptus Mitchell 1930: 259. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository Meyer. Megachile contempta Moure 1943: 175. (Emendation.) Megachile (Chrysosarus) contemptus Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 666. Megachile (Chrysosarus) contempta Mitchell; Michener 1954: 102 (D, L). CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 33 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. COLOMBIA: MA—Rio Frio. GUATEMALA: Valle de Atitlan (2500–3500 ft) [750–1050 m]. PANAMA: CH—Pueblo Nuevo; CO—Barro Colorado. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in February & March. 20. Megachile (Chrysosarus) ctenophora Holmberg Megachile ctenophora Holmberg 1886: 144. Male. Type locality: Tandil, Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Type repository unknown. Megachile (Chrysosarus) ctenophora Holmberg; Raw 2002: 10. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1908a: 63, 64 (K), 68 (D, T); 1911: 266 (D, R-F); Jörgensen 1909: 224 (L, M, N); 1912a: 128 (D, F, L, N, T), 133 & 135 (K); 1912b: 311 (F, L); Schrottky 1913b: 247 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF; CA—Andalgala, Belem, Colpes, Joyango; ME—Chacras de Coria, Potrerillos; TU. URUGUAY. FLOWERS. Bulnesia retama, Calendula officinalis, Gourliaea [= Geoffroea] decorticans, Hoffmannseggia falcata, Larrea tridentata, Marrubium vulgare, Prosopis alba, Senecio pinnatus, Verbesina octantha. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly October to January. MORTALITY FACTORS. Coelioxys inconspicua, C. laudabilis. NESTING. Nested in galls on Duvana dependens. 21. Megachile (Chrysosarus) diversa Mitchell Megachile diversa Mitchell 1930: 261–262. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil, April (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4127. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) diversa Friese; Mitchell 1943b: 666. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Moure 1942: 310 (D); 1943: 181, 182 (T); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D); RAW (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: LR—Patquia. BRAZIL: DF—Fazenda Água Limpa; MS; MT— Bodoquena, Chapada dos Guimarães, Salobra; PR—Artaza, Guayra, Porto Majoli; SC—Blumenau; SP— Batatais. PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni. FLOWER. Aspilea foliacea. 22. Megachile (Chrysosarus) expleta Mitchell Megachile expleta Mitchell 1930: 252–253. Male. Type locality: Tapyta, Paraguay. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Chrysosarus) expleta Mitchell; Raw 2002: 10. DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY: CA—Tapyta. 23. Megachile (Chrysosarus) fastidiosa Mitchell Megachile fastidiosa Mitchell 1930: 179–180. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Chrysosarus) fastidiosa Mitchell; Raw 2002: 10. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. 24. Megachile (Chrysosarus) guaranitica Schrottky Megachile guaranitica Schrottky 1908: 236–237. Female. Type locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile guaranitica uruguayensis Schrottky 1908: 237. Female. Type locality: Uruguay. Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Schrottky 1913: 168 & 1920: 23. Megachile gomphrenae var. ferrugineipes Friese 1908a: 65. Male. Type locality: Jundiahy [Brazil]. Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Jörgensen 1912a: 124 and Schrottky 1913a: 168. Megachile gomphrenae var. rufula Friese 1908a: 65. Type locality: Blumenau [Brazil]. Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Jörgensen 1912a: 124–125. Megachile marcida Vachal 1908: 229–230. Female. Type locality: Mendoza/ Buenos Aires [Argentina]. (Date 15 34 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. November, but locality is not cited on type specimen.) Type repository MNHN. Examined. [Type missing apical segment of left hind tarsis. Synonymy of Schrottky 1920: 23 and Raw 2002: 10.] Megachile guaranitica ferrugineipes Friese; Schrottky 1909b: 268. Megachile guaranitica rufula Friese; Moure 1943: 180. Jörgensen (1912a: 124) considered M. (Chrysosarus) rufula Friese (as M. gomphrenae var. rufula Friese) to be a variety of M. guaranitica Schrottky. Megachile (Chrysosarus) guaranitica Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Megachile (Chrysosarus) guaranitica Schrottky; Raw 2002: 10. M. guaranitica is a very variable species or species group. Friese (1908a) separated several species and varieties, whereas Schrottky (1913a: 168) synonymized M. (Chrysosarus) catamarcensis Schrottky, M. gomphrenae Friese and M. gomphrenae var. collaris Friese under M. guaranitica. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Mitchell 1930: 248 (D); Moure 1942: 310 (T); 1943: 181–2 (D, T as M. guaranitica and M. marcida); Schrottky 1913a: 140, 142, 146 & 150 (K); 1913b: 247 (D), 251 (P); 1920: 23 (T as M. guaranitica ferrugineipes); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D); Vachal 1909: 16 (R-M as M. marcida). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D); RAW (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CO; LR—Patquia; MI. BRAZIL: AM—Manaus; MS—Corumbá; PR— Guaira, Majoli; RS. PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni. URUGUAY. MORTALITY FACTOR. Coelioxys inconspicua. 25. Megachile (Chrysosarus) impudens Mitchell Megachile impudens Mitchell 1930: 288–289. Female. Type locality: Cordova, Argentina (Davis). Type repository: MCZ 16204. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) impudens Mitchell; Raw 2002: 10. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF—Sierra de la Ventana; CD. 26. Megachile (Chrysosarus) infima Vachal Megachile infima Vachal 1908: 238–239. Female. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) infima Vachal; Raw 2002: 10. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1927b: 395 (T); Jörgensen 1912a: 131 (D); Vachal 1909: 13 (Cited as new species). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME. 27. Megachile (Chrysosarus) infinita Mitchell Megachile infinita Mitchell 1930: 204–205. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil, October (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4134. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) infinita Mitchell; Raw 2002: 10. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT. 28. Megachile (Chrysosarus) inquirenda Schrottky Megachile inquirenda Schrottky 1913a: 192–193. Female. Type locality: Raiz da Serra, Ipiranga, São Paulo state, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP ? Megachile (Dactylomegachile) inquirenda Schrottky; Gonçalves & Melo 2005: 569 (D, F). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Barbola & Laroca 1990: 95 (D); Lüderwaldt 1910: 297 (N). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PR—Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Reserva Passa Dois; SP. FLOWERS. Stylosanthes gracilis, Spermacoce verticillata. NESTING. Nested between leaves of a Bromeliaceae near the ground. 29. Megachile (Chrysosarus) ivonensis Cockerell Megachile ivonensis Cockerell 1927a: 15–16. Female. Type locality: Ivon, Beni, Bolivia, February (W. M. Mann). Type repository: USNM 29085. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) ivonensis Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 666. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Mitchell 1930: 256 (D). CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 35 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. MZSP (D); RAW (D); ROUBIK (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB—Blancaflor, Cavinas, Ivon; SC—Buenavista. Reserve, Vila Rondônia (MZSP). COLOMBIA. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in January and February. BRAZIL: RO: Suruí 30. Megachile (Chrysosarus) jenseni Friese Megachile jenseni Friese 1906: 95. Sex not indicated. Type locality: Ch. de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina. Type repository: NMW. Megachile (Dactylomegachile) jenseni Friese; Mitchell 1943b: 671. Hedicke (1933: 43) suggested this species is a synonym of M. (Dactylomegachile) vagata Vachal. Megachile (Chrysosarus) jenseni Friese; Raw 2002: 11. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1908a: 63, 64, 65, 68 (D, K), 65 (F, R-M), 68 (T); 1912: 364 (D); Jensen-Haarup 1908: 105 (D, F, L); Jörgensen 1909: 214 (D, F, L); 1912a: 127 (F, L), 132–135 (K); 1912b: 310–311 (F, L); Vachal 1909: 12 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D); OUM (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME—Chacras de Coria, La Plata, Pedregal; Santa Rosa; NE. FLOWERS. Circium lanceolatum, Clematis hilarii, Cynara cardunculus, Delphinium, Hoffmannseggia falcaria, Lycium argentinum, Senecio mendocinus, S. pinnatus, Taraxacum officinale. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly early October to mid June. 31. Megachile (Chrysosarus) laticincta Cockerell Megachile laticincta Cockerell 1936: 250. Female. Type locality: Onverwagt, 54 miles east of Georgetown, British Guiana, 15 December 1935 (J. Ogilvie). Type repository: AMNH. (Type examined by J. Ascher.) DISTRIBUTION. GUYANA. 32. Megachile (Chrysosarus) levilimba Vachal Megachile levilimba Vachal 1908: 241. Female. Type locality: Goyaz, Brazil. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) levilimba Vachal; Raw 2002: 11. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: GO. 33. Megachile (Chrysosarus) lingulata Vachal Megachile lingulata Vachal 1908: 230. Female. Type locality: Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) lingulata Vachal; Raw 2002: 11. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: LP—Mapirí. 34. Megachile (Chrysosarus) lorenzicola Strand Megachile lorenzicola Strand 1910: 535–536. Female. Type locality: Paraguay. Type repository unknown. Based on Strand's description the species is now placed in this subgenus. DISTRIBUTION. Paraguay. 35. Megachile (Chrysosarus) luederwaldti Schrottky Megachile luederwaldti Schrottky 1913a: 189. Female. Type locality: Campos do Jordão, São Paulo State [Brazil], 16 February 1906 (H. Lüderwaldt). Type repository: Museu de Zoologia, da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. Examined. Megachile (Chelostomoides) luederwaldti Schrottky; Moure 1943: 176. Eumegachile (Sayapis) luederwaldti Schrottky; Durante & Diaz 1993: 93. Megachile (Chrysosarus) luederwaldti Schrottky; Raw 2004: 1. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP—Campos do Jordão. 36. Megachile (Chrysosarus) nigella Vachal Megachile nigella Vachal 1908: 223–224. Female. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. 36 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile (Chrysosarus) nigella Vachal; Raw 2002: 11. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1919: 219 (K). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME. 37. Megachile (Chrysosarus) obscurior Jörgensen Megachile obscurior Jörgensen 1912a: 127. Female. Type locality: Chacras de Coria [Mendoza, Argentina], 11 December. Type repository: Museu La Plata. (Type examined by S. Durante.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Jörgensen 1912a: 133 (K). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME. 38. Megachile (Chrysosarus) opifex Smith Megachile opifex Smith 1879: 71. Female. Type locality: São Paulo [de Olivença], Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2446. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) opifex Smith; Raw 2002: 11. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Friese 1911: 269 (D, R-F). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM. 39. Megachile (Chrysosarus) pamperella Vachal Megachile pamperella Vachal 1908: 239. Female. Type locality: Valley Parana, Argentina. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) pamperella Vachal; Raw 2002: 11. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1927b: 395 (T); Vachal 1909: 16 (Cited as new species). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA. 40. Megachile (Chrysosarus) parsonsiae Schrottky Megachile parsonsiae Schrottky 1913a: 197. Sex not indicated. Type locality: Argentina, Misiones/ Paraguay, Villa Encarnación ? Type repository: MZSP ? A male of Sayapis at MZSP is labelled “cotipo” and “Megachile parsonsiae” in Schrottky’s hand. Megachile (Dactylomegachile) parsonsiae Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 670. Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). Megachile (Chrysosarus) parsonsiae Schrottky; Michener 2000: 553. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1914b: 428 (D, T); 133 & 134 (K as M. simillima Smith misdetermination); Friese 1908a: 63, 64 (K), 65 (L, R-M as M. simillima Smith misdetermination); Jörgensen 1909: 214 (D, L, F as M. simillima Smith misdetermination); 1912a: 128 (D, F, L). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA—Andalgala; ER—Pronunciamento; ME—Pedregal; MI. BRAZIL: RS; SP. PARAGUAY: MI. FLOWERS. Bidens leucantha, Clematis hilarii, Grindelia pulchella, Hoffmannseggia, Hyalis argentea, Parsonsia mesostemon, Sphaeralcea bonariensis, Xinemedia microptera. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly early October to March. 41. Megachile (Chrysosarus) perspicua Mitchell Megachile perspicua Mitchell 1930: 289–290. Female. Type locality: Cordova, Argentina. Type repository: MCZ 16203. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) perspicua Mitchell; Raw 2002: 11. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CD; LR. 42. Megachile (Chrysosarus) picicaudata new name Megachile guaranitica forma melanopyga Schrottky 1908: 237. Female. Type locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP ? (Not Megachile (Megachile) melanopyga Costa 1863: 45. Central Europe.) Megachile (Chrysosarus) melanopyga Schrottky; Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). The replacement name is derived from piceus = pitch and cauda = tail to retain the meaning of the original name. The species is so named because other combinations of black with tail in Latin and Greek have been used to name other CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 37 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. congeners. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Moure 1943: 181 (T as M. guaranitica melanopyga). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D as M. melanopyga). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM; MG—Passos; PR—Iguassu. PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni. 43. Megachile (Chrysosarus) pseudanthidioides Moure Megachile pseudanthidioides Moure 1943: 183–186. Female. Type locality: Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Type repository: UFPR. Megachile (Chrysosarus) pseudanthidioides Moure; Raw 2002: 11. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905a: 341 (K); Cure et al 1992: 231 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D); Steiner et al 2006: 9 (D, N); Zillikens & Steiner 2004: 193 (D, L, N, P). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D); RAW (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: BA—Vitôria da Conquista; DF—Sarandi; MG—Viçosa; PR—Curitiba; RS— Montenegro; SC—Ilha de Santa Catarina; SP—Batatais (860 m), Jundiaí, Rio Claro. FLOWER. Stachytarphaeta cogenesis. LIFE CYCLE. Adults active October to May in Santa Catarina. Apparently bivoltine. First generation nested November and bees emerged December —early January (after one month). Second generation nests late January —early March, overwintered as prepupae, pupated late August —September and emerged October. In trap-nests 39 adults emerged from 59 cells [66%]. NESTING. Used trap-nests of bored wood, bamboo and wooden boxes. Cells constructed of outer layer of leaf pieces (ferns, etc.) and small entire leaflets, mid layer of mud and inner of petals. MORTALITY FACTOR. Coelioxys tepaneca Cresson. 44. Megachile (Chrysosarus) rancaguensis Friese Megachile rancaguensis Friese 1905: 137–138. Female. Type locality: Rancagua, Chile, November 1903 (P. Herbst). Type repository unknown. Megachile (Dactylomegachile) rancaguensis Friese; Toro 1986: 127. Toro (1986) placed this species in the subgenus Dactylomegachile. This subgenus has been placed in synonymy with Chrysosarus by Professor Michener (2000). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Claude-Joseph 1926: 252–254 (F, M, N). ANATOMY. Larva described. DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: BO—Rancagua. FLOWERS. Lavatera grandiflora, Oenothera mollisima, Phacelia circinata. LIFE HISTORY. Development takes one month. Overwinters as prepupa. MORTALITY FACTORS. Leucopsis hoopei, Macrogrotea gayi attack occupants of nests in bramble. NESTING. Nests in bamboo and bramble and sometimes in abandoned eumenid nests. Cuts leaves of Acacia and petals of Althaea rosea, Geranium, Godetia [= Clarkia] and Hortensia. 45. Megachile (Chrysosarus) remigata Vachal Megachile remigata Vachal 1908: 227. Female. Type locality: Urubamba (3000 m), Peru. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. [Right mandible glued. Right antenna glued to right orbit.] Megachile (Chrysosarus) remigata Vachal; Raw 2002: 11. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Gonzalez & Engel 2004: 75 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D). DISTRIBUTION. PERU: CU—Urubamba (3000 m). 46. Megachile (Chrysosarus) riojanensis Mitchell Megachile riojanensis Mitchell 1930: 302. Female. Type locality: La Rioja, Argentina. Type repository: MCZ 16208. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) riojanensis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 11. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: LR. 38 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 47. Megachile (Chrysosarus) rubriventris Smith Megachile rubriventris Smith 1879: 75. Female. Type locality: Santarém [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2438. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) rubriventris Smith; Raw 2002: 11. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905a: 340 (K); Friese 1911: 271 (D, R-F); Schrottky 1913a: 158–159 (D, R-F). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PA –Santarém. 48. Megachile (Chrysosarus) ruficornis Smith Megachile ruficornis Smith 1853: 188. Female. Type locality: Brazil. Type repository: NHML 17a2435. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) ruficornis Smith; Raw 2002: 12. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alfken 1930: 11 (D); Friese 1911: 271 (D, R-F). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM—Taracuá; PA—Upper Xingu. 49. Megachile (Chrysosarus) rufiplantis Vachal Megachile rufiplantis Vachal 1904: 12. Female. Type locality: Lara [Tucuman, Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. [Type worn.] Megachile (Chrysosarus) rufiplantis Vachal; Raw 2002: 12. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: TU. 50. Megachile (Chrysosarus) tapytensis Mitchell Megachile tapytensis Mitchell 1929: 335–337. Male. Type locality: Tapyta, Paraguay, 25 November. Type repository unknown. Megachile (Chrysosarus) tapytensis Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 666. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Laroca 1971: 42 (N); Moure 1943: 183 (D); Wcislo et al 2004: 1448 (A). ANATOMY. Intersex. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PR—Paranaí. PARAGUAY: CA—Tapyta, GU—Villarrica. NESTING. Cells constructed of outer and inner layers of leaf pieces and mid layer of mud. 51. Megachile (Chrysosarus) trochantina Vachal Megachile trochantina Vachal 1909: 14. Male. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Chrysosarus) trochantina Vachal; Raw 2002: 12. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Jörgensen 1912a: 132 (D), 135 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA—Andalgala; ME. 52. Megachile (Chrysosarus) trucis Mitchell Megachile trucis Mitchell 1930: 251–252. Male. Type locality: Villarrica, Paraguay. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Chrysosarus) trucis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 12. DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY: GU—Villarrica. 53. Megachile (Chrysosarus) tuberculifera Schrottky Megachile tuberculifera Schrottky 1913a: 188. Female. Type locality: Campos de Jordão, São Paulo, Brazil, 2 March 1906. Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) tuberculifera Schrottky; Raw 2002: 12. Megachile (Dactylomegachile) tuberculifera Schrottky; Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). Megachile (Prionepistona) tuberculifera Schrottky; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (misspelling) (D). Prionepistoma is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204 (D)). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Collevatti et al 1998: 386 (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG—Serra Caraçá (1380 m), Viçosa; RS; SP—Campos de Jordão. MZSP. FLOWER. Triumfetta semiloba. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 39 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 54. Megachile (Chrysosarus) turpis Mitchell Megachile turpis Mitchell 1930: 253–254. Male. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Chrysosarus) turpis Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 666. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. 55. Megachile (Chrysosarus) vagata Vachal Megachile vagata Vachal 1908: 228–229. Female & male. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Dactylomegachile) vagata Vachal; Mitchell 1943b: 671. Megachile (Chrysosarus) vagata Vachal; Raw 2002: 12. Hedicke (1933: 43) suggested M. jenseni Friese is a synonym of this species. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1914b: 427 (T); Jörgensen 1912a: 131 (D, T as M. vagata and M. marcida), 133 & 135 (K); Vachal 1909: 12 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF; CA—Andalgala; LR; ME; SE—Colonia Dora. FLOWER. Verbesina octantha. 56. Megachile (Chrysosarus) varipes Vachal Megachile varipes Vachal 1908: 232. Female. Type locality: Tucuman, Argentina (Baer). Type repository: MNHN. Examined. [Type missing left hind tibia and tarsi.] Megachile (Chrysosarus) varipes Vachal; Raw 2002: 12. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: TU. PERU: CU—Urubamba. 57. Megachile (Chrysosarus) vestis Mitchell Megachile vestis Mitchell 1930: 262. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT] Brazil, April (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4128. Examined. Megachile (Chrysosarus) vestis Mitchell; Cockerell 1949: 450 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Moure 1943: 175 (D, R-F). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT—Chapada dos Guimarães; SP—Batatais. HONDURAS: Zamorano Agua Amarilla. 58. Megachile (Chrysosarus) vetula Vachal Megachile vetula Vachal 1904: 12. Female. Type locality: Lara [Tucuman, Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. [Type with right mandible glued to head and left antenna and right flagellum glued to label. Clypeus broken.] Megachile (Chrysosarus) vetula Vachal; Raw 2002: 12. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: TU. Subgenus Cressoniella Mitchell Megachile (Cressoniella) Mitchell 1934: 302 & 307. Type species: Megachile zapoteca Cresson. Original designation. Mitchell 1935a: 42. Sandhouse 1943: 541. Cressoniella (Cressoniella) Mitchell 1980: 5, 63. All 21 species included are Neotropical, one of which reaches south-western U.S.A. Some of the Andean species occur at high altitudes. 1. Megachile (Cressoniella) antisanellae Cameron Megachile antisanellae Cameron 1903: 232–233. Male. Type locality: Antisanella [Ecuador] (11000 ft [3300 m]). Type repository: NHML 17a2454. Examined. 40 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile (Cressoniella) antisanellae Cameron; Raw 2002: 13. DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR: Antisanella. 2. Megachile (Cressoniella) arcus Mitchell Megachile (Cressoniella) arcus Mitchell 1930: 286. Male. Type locality: Santa Marta, Colombia, 9 January 1923 (M. A. Carriker). Type repository: NHML 17a2410. Examined. Megachile (Cressoniella) arcus Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: MA—Mount San Lorenzo (7000 ft [2100 m]), Santa Marta. 3. Megachile (Cressoniella) atramentata Cockerell Megachile atramentata Cockerell 1917: 238–239. Female. Type locality: Báhia Blanca, Argentina (L. Bruner). Type repository: USNM 22905. Examined. Megachile (Cressoniella) atramentata Cockerell; Raw 2002: 13. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF—Báhia Blanca. 4. Megachile (Cressoniella) bidens Friese Megachile bidentata Smith 1853: 190–191. Male. Type locality: Mexico. Type repository: NHML 17a2416. Examined. (Not Megachile (Pseudocentron) bidentata (Fabricius).) Megachile bidens Friese 1911: 256 (R-F). Replacement name. Dalla Torre (1896: 422) listed the species of both Fabricius and Smith but gave no new name. Megachile (Cressoniella) bidentata Smith; Ayala et al 1997: 455. Megachile (Cressoniella) bidens Friese; Raw 2002: 13. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell (as M. bidentata) 1899: 11 (D); 1905a: 339 (K). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO. 5. Megachile (Cressoniella) bisinua Vachal Megachile bisinua Vachal 1908: 233–234. Female. Type locality: Balzapampa, Ecuador (Haensch). Type repository: MNHN. Examined. [Type missing flagellum of right antenna, left antenna glued to label, right mandible glued to specimen.] Megachile (Cressoniella) Vachal; bisinua Raw 2002: 13. DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR: Balzapampa. 6. Megachile (Cressoniella) boliviensis Friese Megachile boliviensis Friese 1916: 340. Male. Type locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador or Bolivia (Alpengebeit) ? Type repository: NHMW 211. Megachile (Cressoniella) boliviensis Friese; Mitchell 1934: 302. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1921: 92 (D, R-F); Mitchell 1930: 285 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA. COSTA RICA: AL—San Mateo; SJ. ECUADOR: GU—Guayaquil. 7. Megachile (Cressoniella) compta Vachal Megachile compta Vachal 1908: 233. Female. Type locality: Buenos Aires, Argentina. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Cressoniella) compta Vachal; Raw 2002: 13. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF. 8. Megachile (Cressoniella) ecuadoria Friese Megachile ecuadoria Friese 1904: 187. Female and male. Type locality: Ona, Ecuador (2000 m)/ Peru/ Bolivia/ Arica, northern Chile. Type repository unknown. Megachile (Cressoniella) ecuadoria Friese; Toro 1986: 127. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Mitchell 1930: 287 (D, M); Rasmussen 2004: 34 (D); Raw 2002: 13 (T); Toro 1986: 127 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. PACKER (D); RASMUSSEN (D). CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 41 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA. CHILE: TA—Arica, Chapiquiňa, Pica, Zapahuira. ECUADOR: AZ—Ona (2000 m); EO—San Francisco; La Argelia. PERU: AP—Abancay; AR—Lomas cerca Atico; AY—Ayacucho, Cangallo San Miguel (Cap. La Mar); CU—Cusco, Machu Picchu; JU—Rio Mantaro (Concepcion), La Merced; LI—Callahuanca, Canta, Chosica, Huinco, La Molina, Lomas de Lachay, Lomas de Pachacamas, Matucana (2200 m); Pueblo Libre, San Bartolomé, San Mateo, Santa Rosa de Quives, Santiago de Tuna. 9. Megachile (Cressoniella) enceliae Cockerell Megachile enceliae Cockerell 1926a: 216. Female. Type locality: Tingo, Peru, 16–22 August 1925 at Encelia canescens (Cockerell). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Cressoniella) euceliae Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 662 [Misspelling.] DISTRIBUTION. PERU: AR; Tingo. 10. Megachile (Cressoniella) flammiventris Vachal Megachile flammiventris Vachal 1908: 225. Female. Type locality: Arica, Chile. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile(Dasymegachile) Vachal; flammiventris Toro 1986: 127. Megachile (Cressoniella) Vachal; flammiventris Raw 2002: 13. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1919: 219 (K); 1926a: 216 (D, F, T). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. PACKER (D); RASMUSSEN (D). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: TA—Arica, Chapiquiňa, Chusmiza, Mirador de Socoroma, Zapahuira. PERU: AR; Tingo. FLOWER. Encelia canescens. 11. Megachile (Cressoniella) fortuita Mitchell Megachile fortuita Mitchell 1930: 287–288. Female. Type locality: Peru, 19 December 1875. Type repository: MCZ 16206. Examined. Megachile (Cressoniella) fortuita Mitchell; Raw 2002: 13. DISTRIBUTION. PERU. 12. Megachile (Cressoniella) fruticosa Mitchell Megachile fruticosa Mitchell 1930: 290. Female. Type locality: Colombia (G. F. Baker). Type repository: USNM 43093. Examined. Megachile (Cressoniella) fruticosa Mitchell; Raw 2002: 13. DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA. 13. Megachile (Cressoniella) grandibarbis Pérez Megachile grandibarbis Pérez 1899: 107–108. Male. Type locality: Chile. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile rufohirta Friese 1904: 185–186. Sex not indicated. Type locality: Arica, northern Chile (Staudinger). Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Vachal 1909: 7; Hedicke 1933: 43. Megachile (Cressoniella) grandibarbis Pérez; Mitchell 1943b: 662. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Claude—Joseph 1926: 256–257 (D, N as M. rufohirta); Cockerell 1926a: 216 (D, F); 1926b: 518 (D, R-F); Toro 1986: 127 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. PACKER (D, F); RASMUSSEN (D). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: AN—Talabre Viejo; TA—Arica, Belen, Chusmiza, Zapahuira; VA—Temuco PERU: AR—Arequipa, Yura; AY—Puquio; CU—Cusco, Sacsayhuaman; JU—Acolla, Huancayo, La Oroya; LI—Canta, Huamantanga; PU—Juliaca, Puno; TA—Tarata. FLOWERS. Oenothera, Godetia [= Clarkia], Lupinus, Marrubium vulgare, Mesembryanthemum, Solanum. NESTING. Nests in old beetle burrows in dead branches and in the soil. There are about four contiguous cells per nest. Cuts leaves of [Notho]fagus dombeyi and [N.] obliqua. 42 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 14. Megachile (Cressoniella) guachalensis Cameron Megachile guachalensis Cameron 1903: 233. Female. Type locality: Hacienda Guachala (9217 ft [927 m]) [Ecuador]. Type repository: NHML 17a2455. Examined. Megachile (Cressoniella) guachalensis Cameron; Raw 2002: 13. DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR: ES—Guachala. 15. Megachile (Cressoniella) latula Vachal Megachile latula Vachal 1908: 224. Female. Type locality: Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Cressoniella) latula Vachal; Raw 2002: 14. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1919: 219 (K). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: LP—Mapirí. 16. Megachile (Cressoniella) minor Vachal Megachile minor Vachal 1908: 236. Female. Type locality: Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Type labelled “veterna var. minor”. Megachile (Cressoniella) minor Vachal; Raw 2002: 14. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: LP—Mapiri. ECUADOR: TU—Baños. PERU. 17. Megachile (Cressoniella) orcina Vachal Megachile orcina Vachal 1908: 223. Female. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Cressoniella) orcina Vachal; Raw 2002: 14. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Jörgensen 1912a: 131 (D, T); Cockerell 1919: 219 (K). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME. 18. Megachile (Cressoniella) porrectula Cockerell Megachile porrectula Cockerell 1914b: 428. Replacement name. Megachile acuta Vachal 1908: 244. Male. Type locality: Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. (Not Megachile acuta Smith 1853 [= M. (Xanthosarus) latimanus Say 1823]. Synonymy of Dalla Torre 1896: 436 and Cockerell 1905a: 337. Mexico.) Megachile (Cressoniella) acuta Vachal; Raw 2002: 12. Megachile (Cressoniella) porrectula Cockerell; Raw 2004: 2. Combination by association. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1919: 218 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: LP—Mapirí. 19. Megachile (Cressoniella) redondensis Mitchell Megachile redondensis Mitchell 1930: 291–292. Female. Type locality: Mount Redondo, Costa Rica, January 1903. Type repository: ANSP 4132. Examined. Megachile (Cressoniella) redondensis Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA. 20. Megachile (Cressoniella) veterna Vachal Megachile veterna Vachal 1908: 235–236. Female. Type locality: Peru. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Cressoniella) veterna Vachal; Raw 2002: 14. DISTRIBUTION. PERU. 21. Megachile (Cressoniella) zapoteca Cresson Megachile zapoteca Cresson 1878: 128. Female. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2428. Examined. Megachile tuxtla Cresson 1878: 128. Male. Type locality: Mexico or San José, Costa Rica ? (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2429. Synonymy of Mitchell 1934: 302. Megachile (Cressoniella) zapoteka Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 302 (misspelling). Cressoniella (Cressoniella) zapoteca Cresson; Mitchell 1980: 63 [figure]. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 43 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1899: 11 (D as M. tuxtla and M. zapoteca); 1912e: 25 (D, R-F as M. tuxtla); 1919: 214–215 (R-M as M. tuxtla); 1949: 450 (D); Cresson 1916: 133 (T as M. tuxtla), 134 (T); Friese 1911: 260 (D, R-M as M. tuxtla and M. zapoteca); Hurd 1979: 2055 (D, F); Mitchell 1930: 287 (D as M. tuxtla), 292 (T as M. tuxtla); 1935: 42–44 (D, R-FM); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D); UC (D as M. tuxtla)); UK (D); USNM (D as M. tuxtla). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA: SJ. GUATEMALA: Guatemala City; Antigua. HONDURAS: Agua Amarilla. MEXICO: DF; GO; GT; HI; JA; MI; MO; NA; OA; PU—Cuetzalén; SO; VC; ZA. Aztcapolzalco. U.S.A.: AZ—Huachuca mtns Ramsey Cañon. FLOWERS. Asclepias, Helenium, Lathyrus, Melilotus, Monarda. Subgenus Dasymegachile Mitchell Megachile (Dasymegachile) Mitchell 1943b: 669–670. Type species: Megachile saulcyi Guérin-Méneville 1844. Original designation. Michener 2000: 555; Raw 2002: 14; Silveira et al 2002:212; Durante et al 2006: 791. Cressoniella (Dasymegachile) Mitchell 1980: 63. Cressoniella (Chaetochile) Mitchell 1980: 63. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 555, but see Durante & Abrahamovich 2006: 105 and remarks on Chaetochile (above). The 18 species are mostly restricted to the Andes (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru and Bolivia) and several are found at high altitudes. 1. Megachile (Dasymegachile) alpigena Friese Megachile alpigena Friese 1925: 38–39. Female. Type locality: Guayaquil and Taura Boluta ?, Ecuador, March 1923 (Buchwald), and Peru (3300 m in description, but 3200 m on paratype label) (Jaffuël). Type repository: CAS. A paratype at USNM photographed by C. Rasmussen is a member of this subgenus. It is the specimen collected in Peru (3200 m) by Jaffuel. DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR. PERU. The report of the species from Guayaquil requires confirmation. 2. Megachile (Dasymegachile) cinerea Friese Megachile cinerea Friese 1905: 137. Male. Type locality: Concepción, Chile, 5 Nov 1908. Type repository: MNHU. (Examined by Durante et al 2006: 796.) Megachile (Dasymegachile) cinerea Friese; Raw 2002: 14. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Durante et al 2006: 791–802 (C, D, K, R-F M); Vachal 1909: 8 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CB—Pto. Limondo Los Alerces; ME; NE—Aluminé, Chacayal, Chapelco, Collón-Curá, Confluencia, Isla Victoria Nahuel Huapi, La Lipela, Laguna Blanca, Neuquén (capital), Pucará ,Aluminé, Río San Martin de los Andes; RN—El Bolsón, Paso Flores, Est. El Condor (30 km de Bariloche), Dto. Pilcaniyeu Est. El Condor. CHILE: CN—Bio-Bio, Concepción; NU—Linares, SA—Videla; VP—Concon; Caledonia (700–900 m). 3. Megachile (Dasymegachile) coquimbensis Ruiz Megachile coquimbensis Ruiz 1938: 151. Type locality: Baño del Toro, Chile. Type repository: Col. San Pedro Notasio, Santiago, Chile. Megachile (Dasymegachile) coquimbensis Ruiz; Toro 1986: 127. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Raw 2002: 14 (T); Durante et al 2006: 796 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. PACKER (D). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: AN—Puritama, Toconao; CQ—Baños del Toro. 4. Megachile (Dasymegachile) distinguenda Ruíz Megachile distinguenda Ruiz 1941: 362. Male. Type locality: Mercedes, Choapa, Vicuña, Chile. Type repository: MCZ 23335. 44 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile(Dasymegachile) distinguenda Ruiz; Toro 1986: 127. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Durante et al 2006: 796 (D). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: CQ—Choapa, Vicuña; SA—Mercedes. 5. Megachile (Dasymegachile) eumelanotricha Moure Megachile (Dasymegachile) eumelanotricha Moure 1956: 103–105. Female. Type locality: Illimani (4700 m), Bolivia, January to April 1950 (W. Forster). Type repository: SMM. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Gonzalez & Engel 2004: 75 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: PL—Illimani (4500–5000 m). PERU: PU—Putumayo (3900 m). 6. Megachile (Dasymegachile) fasciatella Friese Megachile fasciatella Friese 1905: 138. Female. Type locality: Rancagua, Chile, November 1903 (P. Herbst). Type repository: MNHU. Megachile (Dasymegachile) fasciatella Friese; Toro 1986: 127. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Durante et al 2006: 796 (D). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: BO—Rancagua. 7. Megachile (Dasymegachile) garleppi Friese Megachile garleppi Friese 1904: 186–187. Female. Type locality: Callanga and Vilcanota, Peru and Arica, Chile. Type repository: NHMW. Megachile (Dasymegachile) garleppi Friese; Mitchell 1943b: 670. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1914d: 310 (D); Durante et al 2006: 796 (D); Toro 1986: 127 (D). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: TA—Arica. PERU: CU—Callanga, Vilcanota; LI—San Bartolomé. 8. Megachile (Dasymegachile) joergenseni Friese Megachile jörgenseni Friese 1908a: 66. Female. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina. Type repository: MNHU. (Examined by Durante et al 2006: 797.) Megachile jeorgenseni Friese; Schrottky 1913b: 247 (Misspelling.) Megachile joergenseni Friese; Schrottky 1913b: 251 (Emendation.) Megachile (Pseudocentron) joergenseni Friese; Raw 2002: 29. Megachile (Dasymegachile) joergenseni Friese; Durante et al 2006: 797 (C, D, K, R—F). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1908a: 63 (K); Jensen-Haarup 1908: 105 (F); Jörgensen 1909: 214 (D, F, L); 1912a: 125–126 (L, N, T), 132 (K); 1912b: 309, 310 (F, L, P). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA—Andalgalá, Copacabana, Recreo; CO—Agua de Oro, Alta Gracia, Bajo Grande, El Sauce; DF— Felipe Solá, Hilario Ascasubi, Puan, Villa Colón; LR; ME—Borbollón; RN—Coronel Gomez, Río Colorado, Valcheta; SE—La Banda, Los Nuñez, Mapapé. FLOWERS. Acacia furcata, Baccharis salicifolia, Cirsium, Clematis hilarii, Cucurbitella scaberrima, Grindelia pulchella, Hoffmannseggia, Hyalis argentea, Lippia lycioides, Lycium gracile, Marrubium vulgare, Medicago sativa, Opuntia, Propsopis alpataco, P. campestris, Senecio pinnatus, S. mendocinus, Taraxacum officinale, Verbena aspera, Wedelia glauca, Ximenedia microptera. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly mid October to mid June. NESTING. Nests in bamboo, canes of thatch and galls on Duvana dependens. MORTALITY FACTOR. Coelioxys inconspicua. 9. Megachile (Dasymegachile) kuscheli Moure Megachile Kuscheli Moure 1956: 105–106. Female. Type locality: Bolivia. Type repository: SMM. Megachile (Dasymegachile) kuscheli Moure; Raw 2002: 14. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Durante et al 2006: 796 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: La Paz (3600–4000 m), Laquepalca (3850 m), Suaqui (3820 m). CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 45 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 10. Megachile (Dasymegachile) melanotricha Spinola Anthidium melatronicha Spinola 1851: 179. Female or male. Type locality: Chile. Type repository: IZUT. Megachile melanotricha Dalla Torre 1896: 439. Correction. Megachile (Dasymegachile) melanotricha Spinola; Toro 1986: 127. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1911: 272 (D, R-M); 1920: 54 (R-F M as Anthidium melanotricha); Durante et al 2006: 796 (C, D, K, R—F, M); Herbst 1917: 268 (D); Raw 2002: 14. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. PACKER (D) DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: NE- Neuquén (capital). CHILE, AN, San Pedro de Atacama, Toconao. 11. Megachile (Dasymegachile) mendocensis Durante, Abrahamovich & Lucia Megachile tricincta Friese 1908a: 66–67. Male. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina, November. Type repository: MNHU. (Examined by Durante et al 2006: 798.) (Not Megachile tricincta Bingham 1897. Type locality: Tenasserim [= Tanintharyi], Myanmar.) Megachile (Dasymegachile) mendocensis Durante Abrahamovich & Lucia 2006: 798 (C, D, K, R—F, M). Replacement name. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES (All as M. tricincta Friese). Friese 1910: 644 (D); Jensen-Haarup 1908a: 105 (F); Jörgensen 1909: 215 (L); 1912a: 130 (D, L), 133 & 134 (K); 1912b: 312 (D); Vachal 1909: 7 (K). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME—Chacras de Coria, Lavalle, Malargüe, Reserva Telteca, Uspallata, Vega del Oro; NE—Cerro Lotena, Plaza Huincul, Río Aluminé. PLANTS. Circium lanceolatum, Hoffmannseggia. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in November and December. 12. Megachile (Dasymegachile) patagonica Vachal Megachile patagonica Vachal 1904: 11–12. Male. Type locality: Santa Cruz, Patagônia (Argentina). Type repository: MNHN. (Examined by Durante et al 2006: 798.) Megachile (Dasymegachile) patagonica Vachal; Toro 1986: 127. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Durante et al 2006: 791–802 (C, D, K, R—F, M); Vachal 1909: 8 (D, K). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: NE—Confluencia; SC. 13. Megachile (Dasymegachile) piurensis Cockerell Megachile piurensis Cockerell 1911a: 288–289. Female. Type locality: Piura, Peru, March 1911 (C. H. T. Townsend). Type repository: MCZ/ USNM 55684. Megachile (Dasymegachile) piurensis Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 670. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1912f: 487 (R-F); 1917: 239 (K); 1926a: 215 (D, R-F). Durante et al 2006: 796 (D); Mitchell 1930: 256 (D). DISTRIBUTION. PERU: PI. 14. Megachile (Dasymegachile) santacrucensis Durante & Abrahamovich Megachile (Dasymegachile) australis Durante and Abrahamovich 2002: 361–366. Female. Type locality: Valle Tunel, south-western Santa Cruz Province, Argentina (49o 23' S; 72o 56' W). Type repository: MLP. (Not Megachile australis Lucas 1876. Type locality: New Caledonia.) Megachile (Dasymegachile) santacrucensis Durante et al 2006: 791–802 (C, D, K, R—F, M). Replacement name. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CB—Valle del Lago Xanco; LR—Patquía; NE—Chapelco, Isla Victoria Lago Tromen (996 m), Quila-Quina, San Martin de los Andes; SC—Valle Túnel. CHILE: Malleco Cabreria, Cord. Nahuelbuta, 1200 m. FLOWERS. Buddleja globosa, Phacelia, Reseda, Senecio. 15. Megachile (Dasymegachile) saulcyi Guérin-Méneville Megachile saulcyi Guérin-Méneville 1844: 450. Female. Type locality: Chile. Type repository unknown. 46 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile chilensis Spinola 1851: 178. Female. Type locality: Chile. Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Pérez 1899: 109); Alfken 1904: 141; Mitchell 1930: 293; 1943: 669 and Ruiz 1940: 373. Megachile praefica Gribodo 1894: 204. Sex unknown. Type locality unknown. Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Herbst 1921: 104; Mitchell, 1930: 293; Ruiz 1940: 373. Megachile proefica Ruiz 1940: 374. Misspelling. Synonym of M. saulcyi Guérin-Méneville, see Alfken 1904: 141. Megachile (Dasymegachile) saulcyi Guérin-Méneville; Mitchell 1943b: 669. Megachile (Dactymegachile) praefica Gribodo; Toro 1986: 127. Cressoniella (Dasymegachile) saulcyi Guérin-Méneville; Mitchell 1980: 63. Megachile (Dasymegachile) chilensis Spinola; Toro 1986: 127. Megachile (Dasymegachile) saulcyi Guérin-Méneville; Michener, 2000: 559. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Claude-Joseph 1926: 250–252 (A, D, N); Cockerell as M. chilensis) 1905a: 338 (D, R-F); 1926a: 216 (D, F); Dalla Torre 1896: 448 (D); Delfin 1900: 20 (D); Durante et al 2006: 791– 802 (A, C, D, K, R—F); Friese 1910: 644, 660 (D, L, P as M. chilensis); 1911: 272 (D, R-F as M. chilensis); 273 (D, R-F as M. praefica and M. saulcyi); Gazulla & Ruiz 1928: 302; Gribodo 1894: 203 (D as M. chilensis and M. praefica); Herbst 1917: 267–269 (D, R-FM as M. chilensis); 1921: 103–104 (D as M. praefica and M. saulcyi); Jaffuel & Pirion, 1926: 372 (D); Mitchell 1930: 293 (D, T); Pérez 1899: 109 (T as M. chilensis); Raw 2002: 14; Reed 1892: 227; Ruiz 1923: 105 (D); 1936: 168 (D); Schrottky 1903: 80 (D as M. chilensis); 1913b: 247 (D as M. chilensis); Smith 1853: 184 (D); Vachal 1904: 11 (D as M. chilensis) 1904: 11 (D); 1909: 8 (K); Valdivia & Niemeyer 2006: 137 (D, F). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. PACKER (D,F); RASMUSSEN (D); UC (D). ANATOMY. Larva described. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CB; NE—Catán-lil, Collón-Curá, Est. Alicura (120 Km de S. C. de Bariloche), Laguna Blanca, Pampa Pilmatuz, Río Aluminé; RN—Paso Flores; SC—Patagonia Sta Cruz; TU. CHILE: AN—Paposo; AT—66.5km E of Diego de Almagro, Travesia, Vallenar; CN—Concepción; CQ— Coquimbo (51 km from Los Vilos), Tongoy; SA—Caleu, Cunelo Pcia, La Aguirre, Cuesta Lo Prado, Pudahuel, San Cristóbal, Ñuñoa, VP—Rio Blanco; Yerba Loca Natural Sanctuary. PERU: AR—Arequipa; Matucana, Tingo; Yura. Talcahuano; Valdivia—Rancagua. FLOWERS. Alstroemeria ligia, A. versicolor, Cristaria, Encelia canescens, Escallonia myrtoidea, Mesembryanthemum, Senecio adenotrichus, S. glabra, S. hualtata, Stachys, Teucrium bicolor. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in November. NESTING. Nested in burrows in soil and old walls and in abandoned nests of sphecid and eumenid wasps. Cut leaves of Amaranthus, Muehlenbeckia sagittifolia and Robinia and petals of Acanthus mollis, Althaea rosea and Lavatera grandiflora. MORTALITY FACTOR. Coelioxys brevicaudata ? 16. Megachile (Dasymegachile) semirufa Sichel Megachile semirufa Sichel 1867: 150. Female. Type locality: Chile. Type repository: MNHN. (Examined by Durante et al 2006: 800.) Megachile Porteri Pérez 1899: 108–109. Female. Type locality: Valparaiso, Chile. Type repository: MNHN ? Synonymy of Ruiz 1940: 375. Megachile (Dasymegachile) semirufa Sichel; Mitchell 1943b: 670. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905a: 338 (R-F); Durante & Abrahamovich 2003: 309–314 (D, R-FM); Dalla Torre 1896: 448 (D); Durante et al 2006: 791–802 (C, D, K, R—F, M); Friese 1911: 273 (D, RF); Gazulla & Ruiz 1928: 302 (D); Herbst 1917: 294 (D as M. Porteri); Jaffuel & Pirion 1926: 372 (D); Perez D’Angelo & Petersen 1989:259 (D);Pohl 2003: 18 (D, F); Reed 1892: 237 (D); Ruiz & Stuardo 1935: 322 (D); Toro 1986:1927 (D); Vachal 1909: 7 (K); Valdivia & Niemeyer 2005: 322 (F). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. PACKER (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CH—Los Repollos; NE—Epu Lauquén (1450 M), Isla Victoria, Lago Her- CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 47 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. moso, La Lipela, Pucará, Pucará (P.N. Lanín), San Martín de Los Andes, Trolope; RN—Cholila, Nahuel Huapí; SC—Río Pintura, Cueva Las Manos, Valle Túnel, San Jorge (Patagonia). CHILE. SA—El Yeso, Quillota, Videla; CN; CH—Los Lagos; MA, Laguna del Maule; VP, Los Andes; VV. PERU. FLOWERS. Alstroemeria umbellata,Cirsium, Loasa Hyalis argentea, Mimulus luteus. 17. Megachile (Dasymegachile) tucumana Vachal Megachile tucumana Vachal 1908: 241–242. Female. Female designated here as lectotype. Type locality: Lara (4000 m), Tucuman [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. [Left mandible glued.] Megachile (Dasymegachile) tucumana Vachal; Raw 2002: 15. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Durante et al 2006: 800–801 (C, D, K, R—F, M). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: SA—San Antonio de Los Cobres. CHILE: VP—Valparaíso. PERU: Chanachamyo. 18. Megachile (Dasymegachile) wagenknechti Ruiz Megachile wagenknechti Ruiz 1936: 168–169. Female. Type locality: Cordillera de Coquimbo, Chile. Type repository:. Museum of Colegio San Pedro Nolasco, Santiago. Megachile (Dasymegachile) wagenknechti Ruiz; Toro 1986: 127. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Durante et al 2006: 791–802 (D). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: CQ. Subgenus Eutricharaea Thomson Megachile (Eutricharaea) Thomson 1872: 228. Type species: Apis argentata Fabricius. Monobasic. Sandhouse 1943: 551. Mitchell 1934: 304. Megachile (Paramegachile) Friese 1898: 198. Type species: Apis argentata Fabricius. Designation and synonymy of Mitchell 1934: 298. Megachile (Paramegalochila) Schulz 1906: 71. Unjustified emendation. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2057. Androgynella Cockerell 1911b: 313–314. Type species: Megachile detersa Cockerell. Original designation. Monotypic. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2057. Cockerell described this new genus because he thought the masculine characteristics of the female (reduced scopa) might be related to a cuckoo-like habit. However, both Mitchell (1029) and Michener (1965) considered the specimen to be a gynandromorph. Megachile (Neoeutricharaea) Rebmann 1967: 36. Type species: Apis rotundata Fabricius. Original designation. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2057. Eutricharaea is an Old World subgenus with some 240 species (Michener 2000: 556). Five species have been accidentally introduced into the New World; three to the West Indies and two to the U.S.A. Recently M. rotundata was established in Chile for alfalfa pollination. The fifth species, M. apicalis Spinola 1808, has not been recorded from the Neotropics. 1. Megachile (Eutricharaea) concinna Smith Megachile concinna Smith 1879: 79–80. Female. Type locality: St. Domingo [West Indies]. Type repository: NHML 17a2421. Examined. Megachile (Eutricharaea) concinna Smith; Mitchell 1943b: 671. Megachile (Eutricharaea) argentata Hurd 1954: 94 (D, F) and Krombein 1958: 244. Misidentification, see Mitchell 1962: 121. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Baker 1975: 657 (P); Butler & Ritchie 1963: 153–157 (F, L, M); Butler & Wargo 1963: 201–206 (D, F, L, M, N); Cockerell 1905a: 341 (K); 1937a: 111, 113 (D, T); Eickwort 1970: 198 (D); Friese 1902: 199 (D); 1911: 261 (D, R-F); Genaro 1994: 6 (C, D); 2007: 250 (D); Gowdey 1926: 99 (D); Hurd 1979: 2057 (D, F, N); Jayasingh & Freeman 1980: 215–216 (F, L, M, N); Krombein 1967: 326–327 (L, M, N); Mitchell 1962: 121–122 (D, F, R-FM); Parker 1978: 61—64 (K); Parker & Bohart 1966: 97 (D, N); Pasteels 1965: 239—240 (D, R-F); Raw 1984a: 500–502 48 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. (F, L, M, N); 1985: 13 (D); Wolcott 1948: 869 (D, F); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. Ascher 2007 (D). DISTRIBUTION. Old World: CHAD. GHANA. SENEGAL. New World: CUBA: CI—El Roble; LH— Santiago de las Vegas; SC—Siboney. DOMINICA. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. JAMAICA: widespread, but more numerous in drier areas. MEXICO: CO; JA; SO. PUERTO RICO: Main island, Mona island. U.S.A.: AL; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; FL; GA; ID; KS; LA; NC; OK; NJ; NV; NY; PA; SC; TN; UT; WA; WV. Probably introduced from Africa to the West Indies during the slave trade (Eickwort 1970; Raw 1985). "Presumably introduced from West Indies [to U.S.A. and Mexico] after World War II" (Eickwort 1970; Hurd 1979: 2057). FLOWERS. Polylectic. Visits 27 genera of plants in U.S.A. including Acacia, Asclepias, Aster, Baccharis, Bidens, Centromadia pungens, Citrus, Croton californicus, Euphorbia albomarginata, Heliotropium aculeatum, H. curassavicum, H. occulatum, Hemizonia pungens, Ipomoea, Lepidium, Lippia, Lotus purshianus, Medicago sativa, Melilotus alba, M. indica, Onobrychis vicaefolia, Polygonum aubertii, Prosopis, Raphanus sativus, Senecio, Sicyos, Tamarix, Trifolium repens, Vernonia, Wislizenia refracta. In Jamaica both sexes visit Alternanthera ficoidea, Bidens pilosa, Heliotropium, Sida, Tephrosia, Tribulus cistoides. In Puerto Rico the bees visited Moringa oleifera and Pisonia albida. On alfalfa bees tripped 10 flowers per minute. LIFE CYCLE. Developmental period is 3 to 6 weeks depending on temperature. The developmental stages can survive higher daily temperatures (>42oC) than those of M. rotundata and occur in hotter climates. Adults are active April to September in much of U.S.A., March to October in Florida throughout the year in Jamaica. Males fly quickly around flowers searching for females. MORTALITY FACTORS. In U.S.A. —Anthrax cintalapa, Coelioxys moesta, Nemognatha lurida, Tetrasticus megachilidis, Trogoderma. In Jamaica —Melittobia sp. nr. hawaiiensis, Suidasia mites and dermestid beetles. Developmental survival in Jamaica was 49% to 52% with the Melittobia species responsible for 62% of nest deaths. In cells built in old nests of Sceliphron assimile it was 42%. NESTING. Adventive nester in disused beetle borings and nail holes in wood, mortar cracks of buildings, folds of cloth, old stems of Sambucus and trap-nests. In Jamaica bees also used old nests of Sceliphron assimile, disused toredo worm borings in wood and wooden trap-nests and lined the nest with cuttings of Cassia leaves and flower bracts of Bougainvillea. In U.S.A. leaves cut from alfalfa. Nests averaged 4.4 cells (maximum 16). Cells averaged 5.6 mm wide. Foraging trips were 10 —20 min. 2. Megachile (Eutricharaea) derelictula Cockerell Megachile derelictula Cockerell 1937a: 112–113. Male. Type locality: Barbados [West Indies] 15 April (J. Ogilvie). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Eutricharaea) derelictula Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 671. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Pasteels 1965: 237–239 (D, R-F). DISTRIBUTION. Old World: MALI. NIGERIA. SENEGAL. New World: BARBADOS. ST. LUCIA. 3. Megachile (Eutricharaea) multidens Fox Megachile multidens Fox 1891: 345. Female or male. Type locality: Kingston, Jamaica. Type repository: ANSP 10402/ USNM 1863. Megachile (Eutricharaea) multidens Fox; Mitchell 1943b: 671. Megachile tenuicornis Cockerell 1937b: 241–242. Male. Type locality: Elisabethville, Katanga, Belgian Congo, 11–17 September (L. Ogilvie). Synonymy of Pasteels 1965: 240. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Crawford 1914: 132 (D, R-F & M); Cresson 1928: 69 (T); Friese 1902: 200 (D); 1911: 263 (D, R-F); Gowdey 1926: 100 (D); Pasteels 1965: 240–241 (D, R-M). DISTRIBUTION. Old World: WEST AFRICA. ZAIRE: Katanga. New World: DOMINICA. JAMAICA: AW. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 49 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 4. Megachile (Eutricharaea) rotundata (Fabricius) Apis rotundata Fabricius 1787: 303. Female. Type repository: Copenhagen. Following an application by Roberts (1974) the ICZN (1977) recognized a neotype of rotundata Fabricius 1787. Apis pacifica Panzer 1798: pl. 16. Type repository: MNHU. Megachile pacifica (Panzer); Walkenaer 1802: 140. Anthophora pacifica (Panzer); Illiger 1806: 114. Synonymy of Friese 1899: 60. Megachile argentata var. pacifica (Panzer); Spinola 1806: 142. Synonymy of Friese 1899: 60. Megachile imbecilla Gerstäcker, 1869: 359. Synonymy of Friese 1899: 60 and Mitchell 1962: 122. Megachile (Paramegachile) rotundata (Fabricius); Friese 1911: 178 (D, F, M, R—F). Megachile (Eutricharaea) rotundata (Fabricius); Stephen & Torchio 1961: 85–93 (D, L, N). Megachile (Eutricharaea) pacifica (Panzer); Hurd 1967: 5 (R-F). Most studies on the species have been published under the name M. rotundata (F). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. As a result of its economic importance and wide range it is the best known member of the genus. Hurd (1979: 2057–2059 (D, F, M) lists 7 publications on taxonomy, 46 on biology and 2 on morphology. Selected references are:—Baker 1975: 657 (M); Eves & Johansen 1974: 1–13 (L, M); Gerber & Akre 1969: 1–36 (A); Hobbs 1968: 781–784 (M); 1973: 1–30 (D, L, N); Holm & Skou 1972: 169–180 (L, M, N); Hurd 1954: 93–95 (D, F, L); 1967: 3–10 (T); Johansen et al 1963: 1–11 (F); Johansen & Eves 1973 (M); Klostermeyer et al 1973: 536–548 (N); Krunik & Hinks 1972: 889–893 (L); Mitchell 1962: 122—124 (D, F, L, R-FM); Pankiw & Siemens 1974: 1003–1008 (D); Parker 1978: 61–64 (K); 1979: 90–94 (M); 1983: 62–68 (L, M); 1984: 113–117 (M); Parker & Bohart 1966: 97 (D, M, N); Parker & Tepedino 1982: 407–410 (L); Parker et al 1983: 477–482 (L, N); Peterson et al 1992 (M); Rothschild 1979: 392–401 (L); Stephen 1981 (M, N); Stephen & Osgood 1965 (N); Stephen & Undurraga 1976: 81–87 (M); Szabo & Smith 1972: 157–165 (L); 1978: 412–419 (M); Toro 1986: 127 (D); Wcislo et al 2004: 1448 (A). Other references are cited in Hurd 1979: 2058–2059 (A, F, L, M, N) and Wightman & Rogers 1978 (D, N). ANATOMY. Detailed examination of external morphology of adult male and female. Sexual differentiation in second instar larva. Intersex. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. Ascher 2007 (D). DISTRIBUTION. Originally Palaearctic, it was first recorded in North America from Rosemont, Virginia by Mitchell (1937: 417) and spread quickly, reaching Washington DC (1948), Missouri and Texas (1952) and California (1954). It has been introduced into Chile (Stephen 1972), Australia (Winn 1988, Woodward 1994, 1996) and New Zealand (Donovan 1980). In Canada the range is largely limited to those parts with a minimum temperature of 20oC for more than 350 daylight hours per year, but reaches 55oN in British Columbia and Alberta. Eastern and Central Europe. ARGENTINA. AUSTRALIA. CANADA: AB; BC, MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK. CHILE. CHINA. IRAN. KAZAKHSTAN. MONGOLIA. NEW ZEALAND. PAKISTAN. RUSSIA. TURKEY. U.S.A.: AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY. FLOWERS. The most important pollinator of alfalfa in most of the Americas. In western U.S.A about 25% of the cost of alfalfa production is spent on the management of M. rotundata for pollination. In North America it also visits 14 other genera. Asclepias, Centromadia pungens, Cichorium intybus, Cosmos, Euphorbia albomarginata, Heliotropium curassavicum, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago sativa, Melilotus alba, Phacelia ramosissima, Polygonum aubertii, Senecio douglasii, Solidago, Veronica. In the Palaearctic it visits Reseda odorata, Sedum reflexum and Centaurea. Previously application of insecticides killed many bees, but integrated pest management has significantly reduced bee deaths. Use of the insecticide trichlorfon to alfalfa fields did not affect the numbers of bees present, but reduced the numbers of cells they provisioned. LIFE CYCLE. Univoltine in the northern part of its range (where adults fly from June to August) and multivoltine elsewhere. The start and end of the females' flight activity is negatively correlated firstly with temperature and then with light intensity. The egg hatches in 2–3 days and development is completed in one month. Prepupae enter diapause, but emergence of adults is less synchronized after diapause temperatures below 5oC 50 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. and above 15oC. Emergence is protandrous, with most males appearing about one week before females. Diapause is genetically influenced (on the maternal side). Sex ratio in an insectary was 1F: 2 M. Attempts have been made to rear them on artificial diets. MORTALITY FACTORS. In North America:—Anthrax irroratus, Anthrenus verbasci, Ascosphaera, Attagenus piceus, Coelioxys funeraria, C. gilensis, C. moesta, C. novomexicana, C. octodentata, C. sodalis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Dibrachys cavus, D. maculipennis, Leucospis affinis, Melittobia acasta, M. chalybii, M. hawaiiensis, Monodontomerus montivagus, M. obscurus, Nemognatha lurida, N. lutea, Plodia interpunctella, Pteromalus venustus, Ptinus californicus, Sapyga pumila, Stelis (Pavostelis) montana, Tenebrioides mauritanicus, Tetrasticus albipes, T. megachilidis, Trichodes ornatus, Trilobium audax, T. brevicornis, Trogoderma glabrum, T. granarium, T. inclusum, T. simplex, T. sternale, T. variabile, Vitula edmandsae. In Europe:—Coelioxys rufocaudata, Melittobia acasta. Many native organisms which kill local bees now attack M. rotundata. The exotic Monodontomerus obscurus is said to be its most destructive pest. The first instar larva of Sapyga pumila kills the egg or young larva of the bee. Up to 78% of the bees' offspring are killed. Management for alfalfa pollination includes opening nests and incubating cells in closed rooms to stimulate emergence of mortality factors which are killed before the bees emerge. Management also includes treatment of cells containing bees with repellents to deter attacks by Monodontomerus and Tetrasticus and open cells with fungicide to reduce the incidence of chalkbrood. Several methods have been devised to control the populations of Sapyga pumila. X—radiography has been used to detect mortality factors and diseases inside the nest. M. rotundata is rather less susceptible to some pesticides than honeybees. NESTING. Nests in hollow twigs, beetle tunnels in wood, old nests of Sceliphron, etc. Bees do not excavate tunnels. Readily uses trap-nests with tunnels 5–7 mm diameter (usually trap-nests of 6.4 mm diameter are provided) and is now semi-domesticated. The trap-nests are placed in shelters designed for the exigencies of climate and mortality factors. Nest shelters 3m tall X 6 m long containing 60,000–80,000 nest holes are recommended. Nests successfully in insectaries in cavities 4.0 mm to 6.2 mm diameter. The nesting female carries leaf pieces representing 17% and food loads 23% of her body weight. Uses leaves of alfalfa, sunflower, etc. The cell is about 8 mm long and composed of 15 leaf pieces. In warm weather a female builds and provisions about one cell per day. The adult female lives up to one month and produces up to 30 cells and eggs in 4–7 nests with female offspring located towards the back of each nest. Sex ratio is about 1 female: 2 males, but depends on cell diameter with more or only males in narrower nests. Subgenus Gronoceras Cockerell Gronoceras Cockerell 1907a: 65–66. Type species: Megachile wellmani Cockerell 1907a: 66–67 [= Megachile bombiformis Gerstaecker]. Original designation. Cockerell 1935a: 1. Sandhouse 1943: 555. Megachile (Gronoceras)) Mitchell 1943b: 671. Chalicodoma (Gronoceras) Michener 1962: 20. Mitchell 1980: 30. Gronoceras is an African subgenus comprising 10 species (Michener 2000: 558). There is one report of an introduction to the New World (see below). Megachile (Gronoceras) felina (Gerstaecker) Megachile felina Gerstaecker 1857. Female. Type locality: Mossambique. Megachile (Megachile) felina Gerstaecker; Friese 1909b: 347 (D). Megachile gnathocera Stadelmann 1897: 26. Synonymy of Friese 1909b: 347. Gronoceras felina Gerstaecker; Cockerell 1933b: 130. Megachile (Gronoceras) felina Gerstaecker; Mitchell 1943b: 671 (D). Chalicodoma (Gronoceras) felina Gerstaecker; Pasteels 1965: 527–529 (D, R—FM). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1935a: 3 (D). DISTRIBUTION. The species is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. There is also one doubtful report from CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 51 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Jamaica. Mitchell (1943b) stated that the species had been collected there, but later (pers. comm. 1973) he considered this record to be doubtful. However, for sake of completeness, it is included in this catalogue. Subgenus Leptorachis Mitchell Megachile (Leptorachis) Mitchell 1934: 303, 308. Type species: Megachile petulans Cresson. Original designation. Mitchell 1937b: 58–59; Michener et al 1994: 149, Michener 2000: 559; Sandhouse 1943: 563. Pseudocentron (Leptorachis) Mitchell 1980: 56. Pseudocentron (Leptorachina) Mitchell 1980: 56. Type species: Megachile laeta Smith. Original designation. Monotypic. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 559. Pseudocentron (Grafella) Mitchell 1980: 56. Type species: Pseudocentron (Grafella) crotalariae Schwimmer in Mitchell 1980: 82. Original designation. Monotypic. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 559. There are at present 42 species in the subgenus distributed throughout the Neotropics with 20 species in Brazil. One species is West Indian. The type species reaches the U.S.A. 1. Megachile (Leptorachis) aetheria Mitchell Megachile aetheria Mitchell 1930: 229–230. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4152. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) aetheria Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. Pseudocentron (Leptorachis) aetheria Mitchell; Bortoli & Laroca 1997: 62 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Durante & Diaz 2000: 18 (A); Moure 1942: 309 (D); 947: 234 (T); 1948: 325 (K); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D); Zanella 2005: 196–197 (D, L). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães, Salobra; PR—Guarapuava; RS; SP. LIFE CYCLE. Adults are more abundant in spring and absent in winter. 2. Megachile (Leptorachis) angularis Mitchell Megachile angularis Mitchell 1930: 234–235. Female. Type locality: Label illegible. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Leptorachis) angularis Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT—Xavantina; RS. 3. Megachile (Leptorachis) aureiventris Schrottky Megachile aureiventris Schrottky 1902: 441. Female. Type locality: Jundiahy, S. Paulo [state], Brazil, 1897 (Schrottky). Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) aureiventris Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Leptorachia) aureiventris Schrottky; Noguera Couto et al 1997: 52 (D, F). Pseudocentron (Leptorachis) aureiventris Schrottky; Bortoli & Laroca 1997: 62 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Bortoli & Laroca 1997: 62 (D); Damasceno & Silveira 1998 (D); Freitas & Sazima 2006: 485 (D, F); Gonçalves & Melo 2005: 569 (D, F); Graf 1967a: 127–130 (M); 1967b: 131–133 (A); Moure 1948: 326 (K); Schrottky 1913a: 141 & 144 (K), 175 (D, R-F); Serrão 2005: 127–132 (A, D); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D, F). ANATOMY. Anatomy of head glands. Proventricular structure. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF—Brasilia, Planaltina; MG—Viçosa; PR—Guarapuava, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha; RS; SP—Campinas, Ipiranga, Jaboticabal, Jundiaí, Serra da Bocaina National Park. FLOWERS. Crotalaria micans, Eriosema floribundum, E. glabrum, Galactia striata, Hieracium urvillei, Oncidium (carrying pollinarium), Verbesina sordescens. LIFE CYCLE. Male sleeping on grass stem. 52 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 4. Megachile (Leptorachis) bridarollii Moure Megachile (Leptorachis) bridarollii Moure 1947: 234–235. Male. Type locality: Rio Carapari, Salta, Argentina, 22 Jan 1945 (G. Williner). Type repository: cited as Colegio Máximo de San José, but it is in UFPR. In his key to Leptorachis species (1948: 325) Moure included "M. willineri Moure 1947". He did not mention a species named M. willineri in any of his 1947 papers and M. bridarollii keys to the citation of M. willineri so presumably the name was substituted in error. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ST—Carapari. 5. Megachile (Leptorachis) capra Schrottky Megachile capra Schrottky 1913a: 214–215. Male. Type locality: Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil, January 1900. Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) capra Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Moure 1948: 327 placed this species in synonymy with M. (Leptorachis) aureiventris. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP. 6. Megachile (Leptorachis) chrysophila Cockerell Megachile chrysophila Cockerell 1896a: 284–285. Female. Type locality: San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 20 June. Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) chrysophila Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1899: 12 (D); 1912e: 25 (D); 1923b: 1 (D). DISTRIBUTION. GUATEMALA: Antigua. MEXICO: TA; TM—Victoria; VC—Rio Nautla. 7. Megachile (Leptorachis) colombiana Mitchell Megachile colombiana Mitchell 1930: 227–229. Male. Type locality: Cerro Patron, Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia (4000 ft [1200 m])), 12 September 1927 (Salt). Type repository: NHML 17a2478. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) colombiana Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Moure 1948: 325 (K). DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: MA—Cerro Patron, Rio Frio (4000 ft [1200 m]); Mount San Lorenzo, Santa Marta (4500 ft [1350 m]). 8. Megachile (Leptorachis) crotalariae (Schwimmer) Pseudocentron (Grafella) crotalariae Schwimmer in Mitchell 1980: 82–86. Female. Type locality: Vila Velha [Paraná] Brazil, 30 November 1965 (T. B. Mitchell and V. Graf). Type repository: USNM. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) crotalaria Schwimmer; Michener 2000: 559. Megachile (Grafella) crotalariae Schwimmer; Silveira et al 2002: 212 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Durante & Diaz 2000: 18 (A); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PR; SP. 9. Megachile (Leptorachis) curta Cresson Megachile curta Cresson 1865: 178–179. Male. Type locality: Cuba. Type repository: GCH. Megachile curta var. tibialis Cresson 1869: 296. Female. Type locality: Cuba (J. Gundlach). Type repository: GCH. Megachile salti Mitchell 1927: 51–54. Female. Type locality: Soledad, Cuba, 25 May 1925 (G. Salt). Type repository: MCZ 15706. Examined. Synonymy of Genaro 1998: 151 (D). Megachile (Leptorachis) curta Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 302. Megachile (Leptorachis) salti Mitchell; Raw 2002: 15. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alayo 1976: 23 (D); Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Cresson 1916: 116 (T), 132 (T as M. tibialis); Fox 1891: 346 (D, R-FM); Friese 1902: 199 (D as M. curta and M. curta var. tibialis); 1911: 261 (D, R-F); Genaro 2007: 249 (D); Gowdey 1926: 99 (D); Gundlach 1886: 163–164 (D, R-M). DISTRIBUTION. BAHAMAS. CUBA: Oriente and west of island (rare). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. JAMAICA: AW; PO. MEXICO: QR. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 53 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 10. Megachile (Leptorachis) emendata Mitchell Megachile emendata Mitchell 1930: 236–237. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4154. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) emendata Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT. 11. Megachile (Leptorachis) falcidentata Moure and Silveira Megachile (Leptorachis) falcidentata Moure and Silveira 1992: 177–180. Female. Type locality: [Highway] BR 174; ZF 3, km 23, Amazonas, Brazil 16/4/1986 (A.C. Oliveira). Type repository: Moure Collection, UFPR. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM. 12. Megachile (Leptorachis) friesei Schrottky Megachile friesei Schrottky 1902: 439–440. Female. Type locality: Jundiay, S. Paulo, Brazil, 1900 (M. Beron). Type repository: MZSP. Megachile helicitarsis Schrottky 1913a: 206–207. Male. Type locality: Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil, 25 January 1900. Type repository: MZSP. Synonymy of Schrottky 1920: 23 and Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Leptorachis) friesei Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 663. One of the paratypes of M. friesei Schrottky is a specimen of M. (Leptorachina) anisitsi Schrottky (Moure 1943: 169– 170). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Damasceno & Silveira 1998 (D); Friese 1916: 297 (D—misdetermination ?); Gonçalves & Melo 2005: 569 (D, F); Moure 1941: 92–3 (D, R-M); 1948: 325 (K); Schrottky 1913a: 141 (K), 148 (K as M. helicitarsis); 1920: 23 (D as Megachile friesei and M. helicitarsis); Silveira & Cure 1993: 50 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Strand 1910: 525 (D, R-F); Urban 1963: 21–29 (A). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). ANATOMY. Thoracic musculature. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF—Brasilia, Planaltina; GO—Goias; MG, Ibitipoca (1400–1500 m altitude); SP—Jundiai, São Paulo. PARAGUAY. (COSTA RICA: misdetermination ?) FLOWER. Crotalaria paulina. 13. Megachile (Leptorachis) hypoleuca Cockerell Megachile hoffmanseggiae var. hypoleuca Cockerell 1927b: 395. Female. Type locality: La Rioja, Argentina (Giacoxelli). Type repository: USNM 55483. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) hypoleuca Cockerell; Raw 2002: 15. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: LR. 14. Megachile (Leptorachis) immanis Mitchell Megachile immanis Mitchell 1930: 230–231. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Leptorachis) immanis Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. 15. Megachile (Leptorachis) inconstans Mitchell Megachile inconstans Mitchell 1930: 233–234. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Leptorachis) inconstans Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. 16. Megachile (Leptorachis) indigoferae Mitchell Megachile indigoferae Mitchell 1930: 221. Female. Type locality: Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia, 1 January 1927 (Salt). Type repository: NHML 17a2407. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) indigoferae Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: MA—Rio Frio. 54 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 17. Megachile (Leptorachis) intergradus Mitchell Megachile intergradus Mitchell 1929: 339–344. Female. Type locality: Corumbá, Brazil, April (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4107. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) intergradus Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Moure (1943: 169) considered this species to be a synonym of M (Leptorachis) laeta Smith (as M. anisitsi). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Mitchell 1930: 184 (D), 185 (T); Wcislo et al 2004: 1448 (A). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buenavista (450m). BRAZIL: MS—Corumbá, Pedra Branca; MT— Chapada dos Guimarães. ANATOMY. Intersex. 18. Megachile (Leptorachis) laeta Smith Megachile laeta Smith 1853: 186. Female. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Tapajoz (H. W. Bates). Type repository: NHML 17a2432. Examined. Megachile friesei Schrottky 1902: 439 (in part). One of the paratypes of M. friesei Schrottky is a specimen of M. anisitsi Schrottky (Moure 1943: 169–170). Megachile laeta anisitsi Schrottky 1908: 237–238. Female. Type locality: Asunción, Paraguay (Anisits). Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Synonymy of Schrottky 1920: 21; Mitchell 1943b: 663 and Durante & Diaz 2000: 90. Megachile flabellata Vachal 1909: 14. Male. Type locality: Jatahy (Goyaz) [Jataí, Goias, Brazil]. Type repository: MNHN. Synonymy of M. anisitsi by Schrottky 1913a: 173 (D, R-F) and Moure 1943: 169. Megachile hilarimorpha Strand 1910: 542–544. Male. Type locality: Villa Morra, Paraguay (4 December 1904). Type repository unknown. Synonymy of M. anisitsi by Mitchell 1943b: 663 and Moure 1943: 169. Megachile (Leptorachis) anisitsi Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Moure (1943) considered M. laeta Smith and M. anisitsi Schrottky to be separate species. Pseudocentron (Leptorachina) laeta Smith; Mitchell 1980: 56; Morgano et al 1992: 1171 (D, F); Bortoli & Laroca 1997: 62 (D). Megachile (Leptorachis) laeta Smith; Michener 2000: 559. Pseudocentron (Leptorachina) laeta Smith; Jamhour & Laroca 2004: 50 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alfken 1930: 10 (D); Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D); Carvalho & Bego 1996: 150 (D); Cockerell (as M. flabellata) 1912a: 61 (D), 1919: 220 (T as M. flabellata); Damasceno & Silveira 1998 (D); Durante & Diaz 2000: 18 (A); Freitas & Sazima 2006: 485 (D, F); Friese 1911: 268 (D, R-F); 1916: 297 (D as M. friesei); Graf 1967a: 127—130 (A); 1967b: 131–133 (A); Mitchell 1930: 184 (D as M. hilarimorpha); Schrottky 1913a: 141 (K as M. anisitsi and M. laeta), 172–173, 173–174 (D, R-FM as M. anisitsi); 1920: 21–22 (D as M. anisitsi); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Strand (as M. anisitsi) 1910: 525 (D); 1920: 21–22 (R—FM). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D); RAW (D). ANATOMY. Anatomy of head glands. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: MI—Bonpland, Loreto, Puerto Iguazú. BRAZIL: AM—Apipica; BA— Iguaçú (300 km W Salvador), Serra Bonita; DF—Brasilia, Planaltina; GO—Goias, Jataí; MG—Belo Horizonte, Lavras, Uberlândia; MS—Corumbá, Pedra Branca; MT—Bodoquena, Chapada dos Guimarães; PA— Santarem, Tapajos; PR—Curitiba, Guarapuava, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Patos Brancos; RJ—Itatiaia; RO—Porto Velho; SP—Batatais (860m), Franca, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Serra da Bocaina National Park. COSTA RICA: SJ. PARAGUAY: CE—Asunción; GU—Villarrica. PERU: JU—Huacapistana (1800 m). FLOWERS. Helianthus annuus, Lupinus velutinus, Verbena hirta. 19. Megachile (Leptorachis) leucografa Friese Megachile leucografa Friese 1908a: 67. Female. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina. Type repository: NHMW. Megachile leucographa Jörgensen 1912a: 128. (Emendation.) Jörgensen (1909: 215) suggested this might be the female of Megachile steinbachi Friese 1906. The species is placed in this subgenus based on a female in the USNM determined by Neff. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1908a: 63 (K); Jörgensen 1909: 215 (D, L); 1912a: 128 (F, L), 133 & 135 (K); 1912b: 309 (D, P), 311 (F, L); Schrottky 1920: 203. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 55 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA—Andalgala; ME; SA; Chacras de Coria; Pedregal. 20. Megachile (Leptorachis) lorenziensis Mitchell Megachile lorenziensis Mitchell 1930: 184–185. Female. Type locality: Mount San Lorenzo, Santa Marta, Colombia, 4500ft [1350 m], 1 January 1923 (M. A. Carriker). Type repository: NHML 17a2466. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) lorenziensis Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Mitchell used lorensiensis in his description and lorenziensis in his key. As first reviser (1943) he used lorenziensis for this species. DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: MA—Santa Marta (2500 ft [750 m]); Cincinnati. Schrottky (1913a: 215–216) suggested M.(Leptorachis) paranensis Schrottky might be the male of Megachile (Leptorrachis) paulistana Schrottky. 21. Megachile (Leptorachis) luteipes Friese Megachile luteipes Friese 1908a: 69. Male. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina, November. Type repository unknown. Pseudocentron (Leptorachis) luteipes Friese; Durante & Diaz 2000: 18 (A). Megachile (Leptorachis) luteipes Friese; Raw 2002: 15. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Jörgensen 1909: 215 (D, F, L); 1912a: 134 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME—Chacras de Coria, Pedregal; SE—Rio Hondo. FLOWER. Hoffmannseggia falcata. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in November and December. 22. Megachile (Leptorachis) melancholica Jörgensen Megachile melancholica Jörgensen 1912a: 126–127. Female. Type locality: Pedregal [Mendoza, Argentina], 22 November, at Hoffmannseggia. Type repository: Museu La Plata. (Type examined by S. Durante.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1917: 238 (T); Jörgensen 1912a: 132 (K). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME. FLOWER. Hoffmannseggia. 23. Megachile (Leptorachis) numerus Mitchell Megachile numerus Mitchell 1930: 235–236. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Mitchell cites the Meyer collection, but a female at USNM (58068) is labelled type. Megachile (Leptorachis) numerus Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. 24. Megachile (Leptorachis) pallefacta Vachal Megachile pallefacta Vachal 1909: 6. Male. Type locality: Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Type repository: Vachal Collection, MNHN. Combination of J.S. Moure (pers. comm). Pseudocentron (Leptorachis) pallefacta Vachal; Durante & Diaz 2000: 18 (A). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: BA. 25. Megachile (Leptorachis) paranensis Schrottky Megachile paranensis Schrottky 1913a: 215–216. Male. Type locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP ? Megachile (Leptorachis) paranensis Schrottky; Moure 1942: 308–309 (D). Schrottky (1913a: 215-216) suggested M.(Leptorachis) paranensis Schrottky might be the male of Megachile (Leptorachis) paulistana Schrottky. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Michener 1954: 100 (D, L); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: BA; MS; MT—Salobra. PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in April. 56 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 26. Megachile (Leptorachis) parata Mitchell Megachile parata Mitchell 1930: 231–232. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Leptorachis) parata Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. 27. Megachile (Leptorachis) paulistana Schrottky Megachile paulistana Schrottky 1902: 440–441. Female. Type locality: São Paulo [state], Brazil. Type repository: MZSP. Examined. [Type is missing right antenna and right fore leg.] Megachile subita Mitchell 1930: 232–233. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4153. Examined. Synonymy of Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Leptorachis) paulistana Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Schrottky (1913a: 215–216) suggested M.(Leptorachis) paranensis Schrottky might be the male of this species. Pseudocentron (Leptorachis) paulistana Schrottky; Bortoli & Laroca 1997: 62 (D). Megachile (Leptorachia) paulistana Schrottky; Noguera Couto et al 1997: 52 (D, F). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Aguiar 2003 (D, F); Aguiar & Zanella 2005: 20 (L); Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D); Carvalho & Bego 1996: 150 (D); Collevatti et al 1998: 386 (D); Gonçalves & Melo 2005: 569 (D, F); Ihering 1904: 469–470 (N); Machado & Carvalho 2006: 1406 (D, F); Michener 1954: 100 (D, L); Moure 1941: 94 (R-F); 1948: 323, 325–326 (K); Santos et al 2004: 324 (D); Schrottky 1913a: 143 (K), 184– 185 (D, R-F); 1913b: 247 (D); 1920: 24–25 (D, T); Serrão 2005: 127–132 (A, D); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D); Zanella 2000: 590 (D); 2003: 234 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). ANATOMY. Proventricular structure. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: BA—Itatim; DF—Brasilia; MG—Belo Horizonte, Uberlândia, Viçosa; MT— Chapada dos Guimarães, Vale dos Sonhos; PR—Guarapuava, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha; RN—Serra Negra do Norte; RS; SP—Campinas, Ipiranga, Itú, Jaboticabal, Jundiaí, São José do Rio Pardo; TO—Esperantina. PANAMA: PA—Chilibre, Tocumen. PARAGUAY. FLOWERS. Chaetocalyx scandens, Galactia boavista, G. striata, Helianthus annuus. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly November to May in Panama and in July in the caatinga of Bahia, Brazil. NESTING. Nest of rolled leaves found among books in a library. 28. Megachile (Leptorachis) perochracea Cockerell Megachile perochracea Cockerell 1913: 369–370. Female. Type locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador (Buchwald). Type repository: USNM 18387. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) perochracea Cockerell; Raw 2002: 15. DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR: GU—Guayaquil. 29. Megachile (Leptorachis) petulans Cresson Megachile petulans Cresson 1878: 127. Male. Type locality: North Carolina (Morrison). Type repository: ANSP 2451. Examined. Megachile mexicana Cresson 1878: 127–128. Female. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2427. Synonymy of Mitchell 1937b: 59. Megachile optive Robertson 1897: 350. Male. Type locality unknown. Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Mitchell 1937b: 59. Megachile (Leptorachis) petulans Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 306. Megachile mexicanum Cresson; Schwarz 1934: 19 (Emendation.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1899: 11 (D), 1914c: 362 (D); Cresson 1916: 123 (T as M. mexicana), 127 (T); 1932: 14 (D); Friese 1911: 243 (D, R-M), 258 (D, R-F as M. mexicana); Graenicher 1930: 163 (D, F, L); Hurd 1979: 2068 (D, F); Michener 1954: 101 (D, L); Mitchell 1930: 230 (T as M. mexicana); 1937b: 59–63 (D, F, L, R-FM); 1962: 163–165 (D, F, L, R-FM); Moure 1948: 325 (K); Robertson 1902: 49 (R-F); 1903: 172–173 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. Ascher 2007 (D). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 57 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: BC; YU—Chichenitza. PANAMA: CO—Barro Colorado. U.S.A.: NJ west to ND and NB, south to FL and AZ. FLOWERS. Polylectic; visits 59 genera, especially of Compositae, Leguminosae and Labiatae. In U.S.A:— Achillea, Apocynum, Asclepias, Aster, Baptisia, Bidens leucantha, Blephilia, Brauneria, Buddleia, Campanula rotundifolia, Cassia, Cephalanthus, Chamaechrista, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Cicuta, Cirsium, Coreopsis stellata, Crotalaria, Desmodium, Eryngium, Flaveria, Galactia, Gerardia, Grindelia, Helenium, Helianthus atrorubens, Houstonia [= Hedyotis] purpurea, Hydrolea, Hypericum, Hyptis, Ilex, Koellia, Lespedeza repens, Liatris, Lobelia, Ludwigia, Lycopus, Lythrum, Melanthera parvifolia, Melilotus alba, Nepeta, Pastinaca, Phaseolus lunatus, Poinsettia [= Euphorbia] cyathophora, Polygonum, Psoralea, Pycnanthemum, Rhododendron, Rhus, Rubus, Rudbeckia, Sabal palmetto, Senecio, Silphium, Solidago, Strophostyles, Tephrosia, Trifolium, Verbena, Verbesina, Vernonia blodgettii, V. glauca, Vicia. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from May to September in northern parts of its range and throughout the year in southern Florida and Panamá. 30. Megachile (Leptorachis) phaseoli Moure Megachile (Leptorachis) phaseoli Moure 1977: 21–22. Female. Type locality: Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. 5.4.1974 (V. O. Becker). Type repository: UFPR. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF—Brasilia, Planaltina; GO; MG—Sete Lagoas; MT—Vale dos Sonhos, Xavantina. Although this species was described from Minas Gerais State, it is more common in Goias and Mato Grosso where it largely replaces M. (Leptorachis) aureiventris. 31. Megachile (Leptorachis) portalis Cockerell Megachile portalis Cockerell 1913: 370–371. Female. Type locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador (Buchwald). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) portalis Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR: GU—Guayaquil. 32. Megachile (Leptorachis) propinqua Smith Megachile propinqua Smith 1879: 74–75. Female. Type locality: Ega [Tefé,] Tapajos and Tunantins [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2666. Examined. The specimen is labelled proxima Smith and presumably Smith changed the published name to avoid synonymy with M. proxima Smith 1870 [= Chalicodoma (Pseudomegachile) lanata (F)]. India. Megachile (Leptorachis) propinqua Smith; Raw 2002: 15. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alfken 1930: 11 (D); Friese 1911: 270 (D, R-F). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM—Tefe, Tunantins; BA-Iguaçú (300 km W Salvador), R. Paraguaçu; PATapajos. 33. Megachile (Leptorachis) psenopogoniaea Moure Megachile (Leptorachis) psenopogoniaea Moure 1948: 326–327. Male. Type locality: Batatais, SP (P. F. S. Pereira) and Vila-Ema, SP (A. A. Barbiellini) [Brazil] March 1943. Type repository: UFPR. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG—Passos; SP. 34. Megachile (Leptorachis) quadrata Vachal Megachile quadrata Vachal 1909: 5. Male. Type locality: Buenos Aires [Argentina] 9 December 1900. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Leptorachis) quadrata Vachal; Moure 1948: 322. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF. 58 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 35. Megachile (Leptorachis) rava Vachal Megachile rava Vachal 1908: 235. Female. Type locality: Santa Cruz, Brazil. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. [The metasoma of a Cressoniella is glued to the type !] Megachile (Leptorachis) rava Vachal; Raw 2002: 15. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Schrottky 1913a: 177–178 (R-F). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL. 36. Megachile (Leptorachis) rubricrus Moure Megachile (Leptorachis) rubricrus Moure 1948: 323–325. Male. Type locality: Bodoquena, MT, Brazil (Oct 1943), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil (Nov 1943) and Tacanas, Tucuman, Argentina (Jan 1947). Type repository: MZSP. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: SA—Rosario de Lerma; TU. BRAZIL: MS; MT—Bodequena; PR— Garimpo Tibagi; SP—Rio Claro. PARAGUAY: SP—Cororo, San Pedro; Rio Ypune. 37. Megachile (Leptorachis) santaerosae Strand Megachile santaerosae Strand 1910: 10. Female. Type locality: Peru. Type repository: Weisbaden. Mr. C. Rasmussen kindly provided a photograph of the holotype of M. santaerosae. The species is a member of the M. laeta Smith species group (named Leptorachina by Mitchell (1980)). DISTRIBUTION. PERU. 38. Megachile (Leptorachis) schmidti Friese Megachile schmidti Friese 1916: 343. Male. Type locality: San José, Costa Rica (Schmidt). Type repository unknown. Megachile (Leptorachis) schmidti Friese; Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1921: 80 (D, R-F); Michener 1954: 100 (D, L). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA. PANAMA: CH—Potrerillos. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in May. 39. Megachile (Leptorachis) separata Schrottky Megachile separata Schrottky 1913a: 186. Female. Type locality: Rincão, SP, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile (Leptorachis) separata Schrottky; Moure 1945: 413. Moure (1943: 187) considered this to be a synonym of M. (Leptorachis) paulistana Schrottky. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Moure 1941: 94 (R-F). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA. BRAZIL: SP—Franca, Rincão. URUGUAY. 40. Megachile (Leptorachis) tenuitarsis Schrottky Megachile tenuitarsis Schrottky 1920: 25–26. Male. Type locality: Campinas, SP, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile (Leptorachis) tenuitarsis Schrottky; Moure 1944a: 16. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Moure 1948: 325 (K); Schrottky 1920: 201; Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG—Passos; RS; SP. 41. Megachile (Leptorachis) villonifacies Strand Megachile villonifacies Strand 1910: 538–539. Male. Type locality: Asuncion, Paraguay (3 March 1906). Type repository: unknown. Based on Strand's description the species is now placed in this subgenus. DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY: CE—Asuncion. 42. Megachile (Leptorachis) zexmeniae Cockerell Megachile zexmeniae Cockerell 1912e: 24–25. Female. Type locality: Quirigua, Guatemala at Zexmenia virgulta Klatt (W. P. Cockerell). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) zexmeniae Cockerell; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 59 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1946: 204 (D); Frankie et al 1998: 288 (D, F). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA: GU—Liberia; PU—Monte Verde. EL SALVADOR: Quezaltepeque. MEXICO: CP. GUATEMALA. FLOWER. Andira inermis. Subgenus Melanosarus Mitchell Megachile (Melanosarus) Mitchell 1934: 303. Type species: Megachile xylocopoides Smith. Original designation. Mitchell 1937b: 78–79. Sandhouse 1943: 569. Michener 2000: 56. Pseudocentron (Melanosarus) Mitchell 1980: 56. Ten of the eleven species range throughout the Neotropics. M. xylocopoides Smith 1853 occurs in southeastern U.S.A. Two species are endemic to the West Indies. 1. Megachile (Melanosarus) aequilibra Vachal Megachile aequilibra Vachal 1908: 225. Female. Type locality: Palmar, Ecuador/ Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Melanosarus) aequilibra Vachal; Raw 2002: 22. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: LP—Mapirí. ECUADOR: GU—Palmar. 2. Megachile (Melanosarus) bahamensis Mitchell Megachile bahamensis Mitchell 1927: 47–48. Female. Type locality: Mangrove Cay, Andros, Bahamas, 1 August 1904. Type repository: MCZ 15716. Examined. Megachile (Melanosarus) bahamensis Mitchell; Krombein 1953a: 21–22. Megachile (Melanosarus) floridensis Mitchell 1934: 349–352. Male. Type locality: Miami, Florida, 10 June 1927 (S. Graenicher). Type repository: USNM 44243. Examined. Synonymy of Krombein 1953a: 21 (D, L). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Graenicher 1930: 162 (D, F, L as M. morio) (see Mitchell 1934: 351-352); Mitchell 1937b: 80 (D, R-M as M. floridensis); 1962: 169–171 (D, F, L, R-FM). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UC (D). DISTRIBUTION. BAHAMAS: Andros, Bimini, Cat Island, New Providence, San Salvador. U.S.A: FL— Miami, Key West, No Name Key, Stock Island, Palm Beach. FLOWERS. Bidens leucantha, Flaveria, Melanthera brevifolia, Poinsettia [= Euphorbia] cyathophora. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from late February to late September in southern Florida and to late October in the Bahamas. 3. Megachile (Melanosarus) brasiliensis Dalla Torre Megachile brasiliensis Dalla Torre 1896: 422. Replacement name. Megachile denticulata Smith 1853: 185. Male. Type locality: Brazil; Rio Tapajoz (H. W. Bates). Type repository: NHML 17a2448. Examined. Synonymy of Mitchell 1930: 237. (Not Megachile denticulata Fairmaire, Ferret & Galliner 1847. Ethiopia; Madagascar.) Megachile nigridorsis Vachal 1908: 243. Male. Type locality: Rivière du Kourou, Guyane Française. Type repository: MNHN. Synonymy of Raw 2002: 22. Megachile brancoensis Mitchell 1930: 187–188. Female. Type locality: Pedra Branca, Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4141. Synonymy of Raw 2002: 22. Megachile (Melanosarus) brancoensis Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Melanosarus) brasiliensis Dalla Torre; Raw 2002: 22. Combination by association. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alfken 1930: 11 (D, F) (as M. denticulata); Cockerell 1912a: 61 (D); 1927a: 13 & 17 (D, K); Friese 1911: 265 (D, R-M); Locatelli et al 2001: 158 (D); Moure 1942: 309 (D); Schrottky 1920: 25 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D as M. brancoensis); USNM (D as M. brancoensis). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB—Cavinas; Chapare, SC—Buena Vista; Chaparo. BRAZIL: AM—Carino, 60 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Tefé, Jacareanga; Caracaraí (Rio Branco); MS—Pedra Branca; MT—Cáceres, Chapada dos Guimarães, Salobra; PA—Jacareacanga, Tapajos; PE—Caruaru; RO—Porto Velho, Guajará Mirim; RS; SP–Salobras. FLOWER. Mimosa pudica. 4. Megachile (Melanosarus) densa Mitchell Megachile densa Mitchell 1930: 257. Female. Type locality: La Rioja, Argentina. Type repository: MCZ 16205. Examined. Megachile (Melanosarus) densa Mitchell; Raw 2002: 22. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: LR. 5. Megachile (Melanosarus) nigripennis Spinola Megachile nigripennis Spinola 1841: 143. Female. Type locality: Cayenne, French Guiana. Type repository: IZU, Torino. Megachile hypocrita Smith 1853: 184–185. Female. Type locality: Pará [Brazil] (H. W. Bates). Type repository: NHML 17a2460. Synonymy of Raw 2002: 22. Megachile totonaca Cresson 1878: 117. Female. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2422. Synonymy of Raw 2002: 22. Megachile proserpina Schrottky 1908: 233–234. Female. Type locality: Asunción, Paraguay (Anisits). Type repository: MZSP ? Synonymy of Schwarz 1934: 21. (Not M. (Moureapis) nudiventris Smith 1853. See Schrottky 1913a: 156.) Megachile fumicosta Strand 1910: 536–538. Male. Type locality: Vila Morra, Paraguay (24 March 1906). Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile vernoniae Schrottky 1913a: 248. Male. Type locality: Assumpção/ Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay, Vernonia. Type repository: MZSP Unknown. Synonym of Megachile fumicosta Strand, see Schrottky 1920: 24. Megachile infecta Vachal 1908: 226. Male. Type locality: Pachitea, Peru. Type repository: MNHN. Synonymy of Raw 2002: 22. Megachile (Melanosarus) proserpina Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Melanosarus) nigripennis Spinola; Raw 2002: 22. Combination by association. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cheesman 1929: 144 (D as M. totonaca); Cockerell 1899: 11 D as M. totonaca), 1919: 219 (K as M. aequilibra); 1923b: 1 (as M. totonaca T); 1927a: 13–17 (D, K), 13 & 15 (D, K as M. hypocrita); Cresson 1916: 133 (T); Friese 1911: 259–260 (D, R-F as M. totonaca), 268 (D, R-F as M. hypocrita), 268–9 (D, R-F); 1916: 297 (D); Michener 1954: 100 (D, L as M. proserpina); Mitchell 1930: 187 (D as M. proserpina, M. totonaca and M. vernoniae); Moure 1945: 409 (D as M. proserpina); Schrottky 1913a: 137 (K), 153 (D, R-F), 156–7 (D, R-F as M. proserpina), 203 (R-M as M. fumicosta); 1920: 32 (D as M. proserpina); Schwarz 1934: 21–22 (D, R-M, T as M. totonaca); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Smith 1853: 184 (D); Vachal 1909: 17 (K as M. infecta); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (as M. totonaca D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. MZSP (D); NHML (D as M. totonaca); RASMUSSEN (D); ROUBIK (D as M. infecta); UK (D as M. hypocrita); UFPR. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: MI. BOLIVIA: EB—Ivon; SC—Buena Vista, Roboré. BRAZIL: AM— Manaus; ES—Santa Teresa; MG; MS—Pedra Branca; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães; PA; SP—Jundiaí, Marumbí, Paraná, Praia do Barro, Praia das Cigarras, Ipiranga, Itatiba, Rincão (MZSP), Rio Feio, São Paulo. COLOMBIA: Amazonas—Liticia. COSTA RICA: Escazu, Guante, San José. ECUADOR: EO—Arenillas. EL SALVADOR. FRENCH GUIANA. GUATEMALA: San Geronimo. MEXICO: CM; GO; JA—Chamela; NA; OA; QR—Felipe Corilloro; TA—Victoria; YU—Chichenitza. PANAMA: CO—Barro Colorado, Valle de Anton; PA—Isla Coiba, Taboga Is. PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni; CE—Asuncion; SP—Cororo, San PedroRio; Ypane. PERU: HU. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly February to April in São Paulo state and February & March in Panamá. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 61 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 6. Megachile (Melanosarus) pullata Smith Megachile pullata Smith 1879: 74. Female. Type locality: Ega [=Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil] (H. W. Bates). Type repository: NHML 17a2431. Examined. Megachile (Melanosarus) pullata Smith; Raw 2002: 22. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1911: 270 (D, R-F); Mitchell 1930: 257 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM—Tefé; PA—Santarém. 7. Megachile (Melanosarus) reliqua Mitchell Megachile reliqua Mitchell 1930: 260. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Melanosarus) reliqua Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. 8. Megachile (Melanosarus) sedula Smith Megachile sedula Smith 1879: 79. Female. Type locality: St. Domingo [West Indies]. Type repository: NHML 17a2418. Examined. Megachile (Melanosarus) sedula Smith; Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Cockerell 1905a: 338 (D, R-F), 340 (K); Friese 1902: 200 (D); 1911: 264 (D, R-F); Genaro 2007: 250 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Guaimati. HAITI: Port-au-Prince. 9. Megachile (Melanosarus) singularis Cresson Megachile singularis Cresson 1865: 177–178. Male. Type locality: Cuba. Type repository: GCH. Megachile maura Cresson 1865: 179. Female. Type locality: Cuba. Type repository: ANSP 2421. Examined. Synonymy of Genaro 1998: 151. Megachile carlotensis Mitchell 1927: 55–57. Male. Type locality: Mina Carlota, Trinidad Mts., Cuba, 1500 ft [450 m], on flowers of Neurolaena limbata (G. Salt). Type repository: MCZ 15705. Synonymy of Genaro 1998: 151, Raw 2002: 22. Megachile (Melanosarus) maura Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Melanosarus) singularis Cresson; Genaro 1998: 151. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alayo 1976: 23 (D, T as M. maura); Ashmead 1900: 302 (D as M. maura and M. singularis); Cresson 1916: 123 (T as M. maura), 130 (T); Dewitz 1881: 197 (D); Friese 1902: 200 (D); 1911: 262, 264 (D, R-F as M. maura and M. singularis); Genaro 1996b: 366 (N); 1996c: 385 (P); 2004: 178 (D); Gundlach 1886: 164 (D, T as M. maura); Mitchell 1927: 57 (D, F as M. maura); Wolcott 1948: 869 (D). DISTRIBUTION. CUBA: CH—Habana; CI; IJ—Nueva Gerona; PR—Pinar del Rio (rare), SC—Oriente. PUERTO RICO (Wolcott (1948) doubted the authenticity of this record.) FLOWER. Neurolaena limbata. NESTING. Leaves of several species of plants are used to line cells. MORTALITY FACTOR. Nemognatha occupata (in Cuba). 10. Megachile (Melanosarus) strenua Smith Megachile strenua Smith 1879: 73. Male. Type locality: São Paulo [de Olivença], Amazons, [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2473. Examined. Megachile (Melanosarus) strenua Smith; Raw 2002: 23. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1911: 271 (D, R-M); Schrottky 1920: 33 (D, R-M). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM; PA—Santarém. Subgenus Moureapis Raw Megachile (Moureapis) Raw 2002: 23. Replacement name. Pseudocentron (Moureana) Mitchell 1980: 56. Type species: Megachile anthidioides Radoschowsky. Original designation. Monotypic. Pre-occupied by Moureana Zajciw 1967 (Cerambycidae). 62 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile (Pseudocentron) anthidioides Mitchell 1943b: 664. Megachile (Moureana) Michener et al 1994: 149, Michener 2000: 561. Megachile (Willinkella) anthidioides Laroca et al 1982: 98. Willinkella is a nomen nudum corresponding to Moureapis, and is pre-occupied. Megachile (Acentrina) Schlindwein 1995: 97 & 98. Acentrina is a nomem nudum corresponding to Moureapis (Silveira et al 2002: 204). The 30 species range from Mexico to Argentina. Eighteen are known from Brazil. Of the species now included in Moureapis seven previously belonged to the subgenus Pseudocentron and three to Leptorachis. 1. Megachile (Moureapis) adempta Cockerell Megachile adempta Cockerell 1931: 538–539. Female. Type locality: Chichenitza, Yucatán, Mexico (Bequaert). Type repository: MCZ 16266. Examined. Megachile (Moureana) adempta Cockerell; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). Megachile (Moureapis) adempta Cockerell; Raw 2002: 23. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1932: 13–14 (D, K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: VC—Jesus Carranza; YU—Chichenitza. 2. Megachile (Moureapis) agilis Smith Megachile agilis Smith 1879: 73. Male. Type locality: St. Paulo [de Olivença] on the Amazons, Brasil. Type repository: NHML 17a2449. Examined. Megachile (Moureapis) agilis Smith; Raw 2002: 23. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Friese 1911: 264–5 (D, R-M). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM. 3. Megachile (Moureapis) ampla Mitchell Megachile ampla Mitchell 1930: 212–213. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Leptorachis) ampla Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Moureapis) ampla Mitchell; Raw 2002: 23. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: AC—Rio Branco valley; RO—Vila Rondônia (MZSP). PERU: LO—Putumayo, Mocoa (600m). 4. Megachile (Moureapis) angusta Mitchell Megachile angusta Mitchell 1930: 241–242. Male. Type locality: Prieta, Republic of Honduras, 5 April 1924. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Moureana) angusta Mitchell; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). Megachile (Moureapis) angusta Mitchell; Raw 2002: 23. DISTRIBUTION. HONDURAS. MEXICO: CM; HI. 5. Megachile (Moureapis) anthidioides Radoschowsky Megachile anthidioides Radoschowsky 1874: 147. Female. Type locality: Brazil, Amazonia. Type repository: St. Petersburg ? Megachile anthidioides Smith 1879: 78–79. Synonymy of Dalla Torre 1896: 419 (but see M. (Moureapis) macularis Dalla Torre). Megachile (Pseudocentron) anthidioides Radoschowsky; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Pseudocentron (Moureana) anthidioides Radoschowsky; Mitchell 1980: 56. Megachile (Willinkella) anthidioides: Radoschowsky; Laroca et al 1982: 98. Willinkella is a nomem nudum. Pseudocentron (Moureana) anthidioides Radoschowsky; Bortoli & Laroca 1997: 62 (D); Jamhour & Laroca 2004: 50 (D). Megachile (Moureapis) anthidioides Radoschowsky; Raw 2002: 23. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alfken 1930: 11 (D); Anacleto & Marchini 2005: 280 (D); Barbola & Laroca 1990: 95 (D); Cockerell 1905a: 341 (K); 1936: 250 (T); Durante & Diaz 2000: 18 (A); Friese 1908a: CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 63 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 63 (K), 64 (D, L); 1911: 265 (D, R-F); 1916: 298 (D) (misdetermination ?); Gerstaecker 1863: 147 (R—F); Gonçalves & Melo 2005: 569 (D, F); Holmberg 1903: 434 (D); Jensen-Haarup 1908: 105 (D, F); Jörgensen 1909: 213 (D); 1912a: 124 (D), 133 & 134 (K); 1912b: 310 (D); Mitchell 1930: 238 (D), 251–252 (T); Moure 1944: 118 (T); Schrottky 1902: 437–438 (D, L, R-FM); 1913a: 142 (K), 180 (D), 246 (D); 1920: 22 (D); Silveira & Cure 1993: 50 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Strand 1910: 526 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 144 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF; ER—Paraná, LP—Santa Rosa; ME—Mendoza; MI—Dos de Maio. BRAZIL: BA—Iguaçú (300 km W Salvador); MG—Barbacena, Ibitopoca (1400–1500 m altitude); PR— Guarapuava, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Patos Brancos, Reserva Passa Dois; RJ—Itatiaia; RS—Neu Wurtemburg; SC—Blumenau, Nova Teutônia, SP—Alto da Serra, Barbacena, Campinas, Campos de Jordão, Jundiaí, São Paulo, Rincão, Rio Feio, Vila Ema, Vitória de Botucatú. COSTA RICA: San José (misdetermination ?). PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni, GU—Villarrica. FLOWERS. Bidens segetum, Eupatorium congestum, E. intermedium, Senecio, Trixis verbasciformis, Vernonia oligopelis, V. platensis. LIFE CYCLE. In Mendoza adults are active November to January. Megachile anthidioides Friese 1906: 31. Strand 1909: 228; 1910: 526. Moure 1944c: 40. None of the above authors mentioned seeing the type of Radoschowsky's species. The discussion on this species is included under M. (Moureapis) macularis Dalla Torre. 6. Megachile (Moureapis) apicipennis Schrottky Megachile apicipennis Schrottky 1902: 442–443. Female. Type locality: Belém, S[ão] Paulo [state], January 1908 (Bicego). Type repository: MZSP. Schrottky (1913: 195) and Mitchell (1930: 240; 1943b: 663) synonymised this name with M. (Sayapis) squalens Haliday. Megachile (Moureapis) apicipennis Schrottky; Raw 2002: 23. Megachile (Acentrina) apicipennis Schrottky; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). Megachile (Willinkella) apicipennis Schrottky; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 144 (D). Pseudocentron (Moureana) apicipennis Schrottky; Jamhour & Laroca 2004: 50 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Gonçalves & Melo 2005: 569 (D); Ihering 1904: 470 (N, P); Laroca 1991: 10 (D, N); Schrottky 1913b: 251 (P); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PR—Curitiba, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Patos Brancos; RS; SP. NESTING. Nested in an earth bank. Cells were 11 mm long and 6.5 mm wide and their walls constructed of very fine clay with a polished finish. Nested in same bamboo cane with Euglossa stellfeldi. MORTALITY. Coelioxys chrysocephala emerged from a cell. C. pirata. 7. Megachile (Moureapis) atahualpa Schrottky Megachile nudiventris atahualpa Schrottky 1913a: 156. Female. Type locality: Peru. Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Megachile (Moureapis) atahualpa Schrottky; Raw 2002: 24. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. PERU: JU—Chanchamayo. 8. Megachile (Moureapis) barbiellinii Moure Megachile barbiellinii Moure 1944a: 17. Female. Type locality: Praia das Cigarras, São Sebastião, SP, Brazil (30.11.1942). Type repository: UFPR. Megachile (Moureapis) barbiellinii Moure; Raw 2002: 24. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Moure 1944a: 410 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP. 64 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 9. Megachile (Moureapis) benigna Mitchell Megachile benigna Mitchell 1930: 214–215. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil. Type repository: ANSP 4138. Examined. Megachile beroni Schrottky 1913a: 166–167. Female. Type locality: Paraguay/ São Paulo State. Type repository: MZSP. Pre-occupied. (Not Megachile rubricata var. beroni Schrottky 1902 [= M. (Pseudocentron) curvipes Smith]. See discussion of Moure 1944b: 120.) Megachile (Pseudocentron) benigna Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Moureapis) benigna Mitchell; Raw 2002: 24. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Moure 1944b: 120 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT—Chapada dos Guimarães, SP—Monte Alegre. PARAGUAY. 10. Megachile (Moureapis) continua Mitchell Megachile continua Mitchell 1930: 239–240. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4156. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) continua Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Moureapis) continua Mitchell; Raw 2002: 24. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Moure 1948: 326 (K); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT—Chapada dos Guimarães. 11. Megachile (Moureapis) digna Mitchell Megachile digna Mitchell 1930: 240–241. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4144. Examined. The type is lacking left antenna, left fore and hind wing, left mid and hind leg and metasoma. Megachile (Moureapis) digna Mitchell; Raw 2002: 24. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT—Chapada dos Guimarães. 12. Megachile (Moureapis) electrum Mitchell Megachile electrum Mitchell 1930: 223–224. Female. Type locality: Villarrica, Paraguay, October 1923. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Pseudocentron) electrum Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Moureapis) electrum Mitchell; Raw 2002: 24. DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY: GU—Villarrica. 13. Megachile (Moureapis) felicis Mitchell Megachile felicis Mitchell 1930: 216–217. Female. Type locality: Tapyta, Paraguay, November 1925. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Moureapis) felicis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 24. DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY: CA—Tapyta. 14. Megachile (Moureapis) irritans Smith Megachile irritans Smith 1879: 82. Female. Type locality: Orizaba, Mexico. Type repository: NHML 17a2481. Examined. Megachile (Moureana) irritans Smith; Ayala et al 1997: 455. Megachile (Moureapis) irritans Smith; Raw 2002: 24. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1899: 11 (D); 1905a: 340 (K) Friese 1911: 257–8 (D, R-F). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: VC—Atoyac, Orizaba. 15. Megachile (Moureapis) macularis Dalla Torre Megachile maculata Smith 1853: 160. Female. Examined. Type locality: Port Natal; Fernando Po. (Not Megachile maculata Smith 1853: 170–171. Female. Type locality: Western Australia. Type repository: NHML 17a2305. Examined.) CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 65 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile anthidioides Smith 1879: 78–79. Female. Examined. Type locality: Paraná. Type repository: NHML 17a2441. Synonymy of Cockerell 1933a: 373–374. Megachile macularis Dalla Torre 1896: 437. Replacement name for Megachile maculata Smith 1853: 160. Megachile (Moureapis) maculata Smith; Raw 2002: 24. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL. (Presumably the stated type locality is incorrect.) 16. Megachile (Moureapis) nigromixta Cockerell Megachile nigromixta Cockerell 1919: 215. Male. Type locality: Mexico (O. F. Baker). Type repository: USNM 21684. Examined. Megachile (Moureana) nigromixta Cockerell; Ayala et al 1997: 455. Megachile (Moureapis) nigromixta Cockerell; Raw 2002: 25. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1923b: 1 (D). DISTRIBUTION. GUATEMALA. MEXICO: TM—Victoria. 17. Megachile (Moureapis) nigropilosa Schrottky Megachile nigropilosa Schrottky 1902: 435. Female. Type locality: Jundiay, S. Paulo [state], Brazil (Schrottky). Type repository: MZSP. Pseudocentron (Leptorachis) nigropilosa Schrottky; Bortoli & Laroca 1997: 62 (D). Megachile (Moureapis) nigropilosa Schrottky; Raw 2002: 25. Megachile (Acentrina) nigropilosa Schrottky; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Barbola & Laroca 1990: 95 (D); Moure 1944: 118 (T); Sakagami et al 1967: 272 (D, L); Schrottky 1913a: 143 (K); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PR—Guarapuava, Reserva Passa Dois; RS; SP—Jundiaí. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from January to May in Paraná. 18. Megachile (Moureapis) nudiventris Smith Megachile nudiventris Smith 1853: 186. Female. Type locality: Brazil. Type repository: NHML 17a2427. Examined. (Not Megachile nudiventris Schrottky 1902 [= M. (Melanosarus) nigripennis Spinola].) Megachile jurujubensis Cockerell 1927b: 394. Female. Type locality: Jurujuba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 6 January 1920 (E. G. Holt). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Synonymy of Raw 2002: 25. Megachile (Moureapis) nudiventris Smith; Raw 2002: 25. Megachile (Pseudocentron) nudiventris Smith; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 144 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Barbola & Laroca 1990: 95 (D); Cockerell 1912a: 54 (K); Friese 1911: 268 (D, R-F); Schrottky 1902: 439 (D, R-F); 1913a: 155 (D, R-F); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Steiner et al 2006: 9 (D, N). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UC (D); UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: ES—Santa Leopoldina; PR—Paranagua, Reserva Passa Dois; RJ; RS, SC—Ilha de Santa Catarina; SP—Jundiai. 19. Megachile (Moureapis) pampeana Vachal Megachile pampeana Vachal 1908: 238. Female. Type locality: River Parana, Argentina. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Moureapis) pampeana Vachal; Silveira et al 2002: 213. Megachile (Acentrina) pampeana Vachal; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (D). Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Vachal 1909: 13 (K). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: Rio Parana. BRAZIL: RS. 20. Megachile (Moureapis) paraxanthura Cockerell Megachile paraxanthura Cockerell 1914b: 428–429. Male. Type locality: Cordova, Argentina (O. W. Thomas). Type repository: NHML 17a2470. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) paraxanthura Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Moureapis) paraxanthura Cockerell; Raw 2002: 25. 66 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Mitchell 1930: 241 (D); Vachal 1908: 244 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CD. BOLIVIA: LP—Mapiri. BRAZIL: DF—Brasilia; ES—Santa Teresa; MT—Vale dos Sonhos. ECUADOR. FRENCH GUIANA. PARAGUAY: GU—Villarrica. 21. Megachile (Moureapis) pleuralis Vachal Megachile pleuralis Vachal 1908: 237–238. Male and Female. Type locality: Colonia Hansa, Brazil/ Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Mitchell (1930: 240) synonymised this name with M. (Sayapis) squalens Haliday. Megachile (Moureapis) pleuralis Vachal; Silveira et al 2002: 213. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Barbola & Laroca 1990: 95 (D); Vachal 1909: 5 (K). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF. BRAZIL: PR—Reserva Passa Dois. 22. Megachile (Moureapis) prudens Mitchell Megachile prudens Mitchell 1930: 238–239. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4155. Examined. Megachile (Moureapis) prudens Mitchell; Raw 2002: 25. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT. 23. Megachile (Moureapis) pseudopleuralis Schrottky Megachile pseudopleuralis Schrottky 1913a: 190. Female. Type locality: Jaguará, MG, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP. Examined, labelled "HOLOTIPO". Megachile (Moureapis) pseudopleuralis Schrottky; Raw 2002: 25. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG; RS. PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni. 24. Megachile (Moureapis) pyrrhogastra Cockerell Megachile pyrrhogastra Cockerell 1913: 368–369. Female. Type locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador (Buchwald). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) pyrrhogastra Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 663; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 144 (D). Megachile (Moureapis) pyrrhogastra Cockerell; Raw 2002: 25. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG—Jagura; PR. ECUADOR: GU—Guayaquil. 25. Megachile (Moureapis) santaremensis Mitchell Megachile santaremensis Mitchell 1930: 194–195. Female. Type locality: Santarém, Brazil. Type repository: ANSP 4145. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) santaremensis Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Megachile (Moureapis) santaremensis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 25. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM—Manaus; PA—Santarém. 26. Megachile (Moureapis) stenodesma Schrottky Megachile stenodesma Schrottky 1913a: 182. Female. Type locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Type repository: IOC. Megachile stenodema Schrottky 1913b: 248 (misspelling). Megachile (Moureapis) stenodesma Schrottky; Silveira et al 2002: 213. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: ES: Santa Teresa. PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni. 27. Megachile (Moureapis) sterilis Mitchell Megachile sterilis Mitchell 1930: 211–212. Female. Type locality: Cordova, Argentina (Davis). Type repository: MCZ 16211. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) sterilis Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 664. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 67 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile (Moureapis) sterilis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 26. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CD; TU—El Dique Cadillél. 28. Megachile (Moureapis) sumichrastii Cresson Megachile sumichrastii Cresson 1878: 129–130. Male. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2433. Examined. Megachile (Moureana) sumichrastii Cresson; Ayala et al 1997: 455. Megachile (Moureapis) sumichrastii Cresson; Raw 2002: 26. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1899: 11 (D): Cresson 1916: 131 (T); Friese 1911: 259 (D, R-M). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO. 29. Megachile (Moureapis) trepida Mitchell Megachile trepida Mitchell 1930: 213–214. Female. Type locality: Cerro Patron, Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia, 4000 ft [1200 m]. 12 November 1927 (Salt). Type repository: NHML 17a2469. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) trepida Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Megachile (Moureapis) trepida Mitchell; Raw 2002: 26. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: RO—Vilhena. COLOMBIA: MA—Cerro Patron (4000 ft [1200 m]), Rio Frio, Santa Marta, Vista Nieve (5000 ft [1500 m]). FLOWER. Begonia. 30. Megachile (Moureapis) viator Mitchell Megachile viator Mitchell 1930: 215–216. Female. Type locality: San José, Costa Rica, 25 June 1903 (J.C. Crawford). Type repository: USNM 43096. Examined. Megachile (Moureapis) viator Mitchell; Raw 2002: 26. DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA. FLOWER. Dahlia. Subgenus Neochelynia Schrottky Neochelynia Schrottky 1920: 11–12. Type species: Neochelynia paulista Schrottky 1920. Monobasic. Megachile (Neomegachile) Mitchell 1934: 302, 306. Type species: Megachile chichimeca Cresson 1878. Original designation. Sandhouse 1943: 575. Michener et al 1994: 149. Mitchell 1935a: 38–39. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 562. Cressoniella (Neomegachile) Mitchell 1980: 63. The 20 species range from southern U.S.A. to Paraguay. 1. Megachile (Neochelynia) aegra Mitchell Megachile aegra Mitchell 1930: 283–284. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4137. Examined. Megachile (Neomegachile) aegra Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. Megachile (Neochelynia) aegra Mitchell; Raw 2002: 26. Mitchell 1943b: 662 suggested M. aegra is the male of M. chichimeca Cresson, but Hurd (1979: 2055) considered them distinct. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Hurd 1979: 2055 (D); Michener 1951: 1173 (D); Mitchell 1935: 40–41 (D, R-M). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT—Chapada dos Guimarães. GUATEMALA: Los Amatos. GUYANA: Georgetown. MEXICO: SI—Mazatlan. U.S.A.: TX—near San Antonio. The widely scattered distribution of this species warrants investigation. 68 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 2. Megachile (Neochelynia) alta Mitchell Megachile alta Mitchell 1930: 284–285. Female. Type locality: Costa Rica. Type repository: ANSP 4125. Examined. Megachile (Neomegachile) alta Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. Megachile (Neochelynia) alta Mitchell; Raw 2002: 26. DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA. 3. Megachile (Neochelynia) bicarinis Vachal Megachile bicarinis Vachal 1909: 7. Male. Type locality: Pachitea, Peru. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Neochelynia) bicarinis Vachal; Raw 2002: 26. DISTRIBUTION. PERU: HU—Pachitea. 4. Megachile (Neochelynia) bodkini Cockerell Megachile bodkini Cockerell 1923a: 452–453. Female. Type locality: Issororo, NWD, British Guiana, Dec 1918 (G. E. Bodkin). Type repository: NHML 17a2461. Examined. Megachile (Neochelynia) bodkini Cockerell; Raw 2002: 26. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Mitchell 1930: 282 (D), 285 (T). DISTRIBUTION. TRINIDAD. GUYANA. 5. Megachile (Neochelynia) brethesi Schrottky Megachile Brethesi Schrottky 1909a: 220. Female. Type locality: Asuncion, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP ? Megachile atricostifera Strand 1910: 534. Female. Type locality: Villa Morra, Paraguay. Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Schrottky 1913a: 194. Megachile (Neochelynia) brethesi Schrottky; Raw 2002: 27. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Aguiar & Martins 2002: 105 (D, N); 2003: 213 (D); Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D); Martins 1994: 230; Schrottky 1913a: 145 (K), 194 (D, R-F); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Zanella 2000: 590 (D); 2003: 234 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: BA—Casa Nova; DF—Brasilia, Planaltina; GO—Goiás; MG—Belo Horizonte; PB—Mamanguape; RN—Serra Negra do Norte; SP. PARAGUAY: CE—Asuncion. NESTING. Used trap-nests 6 mm internal diameter. 6. Megachile (Neochelynia) chichimeca Cresson Megachile chichimeca Cresson 1878: 130. Female. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2434. Examined. Megachile disparipennis W. P. Cockerell 1917: 192. Female. Type locality: Point Isabel, Texas, U.S.A (W. P. Cockerell). Type repository: USNM 23133. Synonymy of Mitchell 1935: 39. Megachile (Neomegachile) chichimeca Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 302. Megachile (Neochelynia) chichimeca Cresson; Raw 2002: 27. Mitchell 1943b: 662 suggested M. chichimeca is the male of M. aegra Mitchell, but Hurd (1979: 2055) considered them distinct. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1899: 11 (D); 1932: 13 (K), 14 (D, RM); Cresson 1916: 115 (T); Frankie et al 1998: 288 (D, F); Friese 1911: 257 (D, R-F); Michener 1954: 99–100 (D, F, L); Mitchell 1935: 39—40 (D, R-F); Silveira et al 2002: 213(D); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT. MEXICO: GO—Tierra Colorado; JA; MI; MO; NA; PU; QR; SI; SO; TA; VC; YU—Chichenitza. COSTA RICA: GU—Liberia; PU—Monte Verde. PANAMA: CO—Juan Mina; PA—Old Panamá; VE—Corozal; Rio Pescado. U.S.A.: TX. FLOWERS. Andira inermis, Cuphea balsamona, Cornuta grandiflora, Elvira [= Delilia] biflora, Hibiscus tiliaceus. LIFE CYCLE. In Panamá adults fly January to September. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 69 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 7. Megachile (Neochelynia) clara Mitchell Megachile clara Mitchell 1930: 281. Male. Type locality: Prieta, Honduras. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Neomegachile) clara Mitchell; Ayala et al 1997: 455. Megachile (Neochelynia) clara Mitchell; Raw 2002: 27. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM—Tefe; PA—Obidos. HONDURAS. MEXICO: HI; VC. 8. Megachile (Neochelynia) coelioxoides Cresson Megachile coelioxoides Cresson 1878: 130. Male. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2435. Examined. (Not Megachile coelioxoides Schrottky 1909a [= M. (Sayapis) coelioxiformis Schrottky 1910].) Megachile (Neomegachile) coelioxoides Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 302. Megachile (Sayapis) coelioxoides Cresson; Mitchell 1943b: 664 (Cresson 1878, not Schrottky 1909a). Megachile (Neochelynia) coelioxoides Cresson; Raw 2002: 27. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1899: 11 (D); Cresson 1916: 115 (T). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: CM; JA; NA. 9. Megachile (Neochelynia) conica Spinola Megachile conica Spinola 1841: 144. Female. Type locality: Cayenne, French Guiana. Type repository: Torino. Based on the descriptions of Spinola and Friese the species is now placed in this subgenus. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1911: 265 (D, R-F); Smith 1853: 184 (D). DISTRIBUTION. FRENCH GUIANA. 10. Megachile (Neochelynia) fumata Mitchell Megachile fumata Mitchell 1930: 293–295. Female. Type locality: Guapiles, Costa Rica. Type repository: ANSP 4131. Examined. Megachile (Neochelynia) fumata Mitchell; Raw 2002: 27. DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA. 11. Megachile (Neochelynia) holmbergi Jörgensen Megachile holmbergi Jörgensen 1912a: 129. Female. Type locality: Chacras de Coria [Mendoza, Argentina], November to December. Type repository: MLP. (Type examined by S. Durante.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Jörgensen 1912a: 125 (N), 133 & 135 (K); 1912b: 311 (T). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME. NESTING. Nested in galls [?] of Duvana dependens. 12. Megachile (Neochelynia) liguanensis Cockerell Megachile liguanensis Cockerell 1912f: 486. Female. Type locality: Liguanea Plain, Kingston, Jamaica, Nov–Dec 1911 (Mrs. C. T. Brues). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Gowdey 1926: 10 (D). DISTRIBUTION. JAMAICA. 13. Megachile (Neochelynia) paulista Schrottky Megachile (Neochelynia) paulista Schrottky 1920: 13–14. Male. Type locality: Franca, S. Paulo [Brasil], January 1903. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile uniformis Mitchell 1929: 349–351. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil, January (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4110. Examined. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 562. (Not Megachile uniformis Alfken 1934. Egypt.) Megachile (Neomegachile) uniformis Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 302. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D as M. uniformis); Mitchell 1930: 281 (D as M. uniformis); Santos et al 2004: 324 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Wcislo et al 2004: 1449 (A as M. uniformis). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). 70 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ANATOMY. Intersex. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: BA; GO—Goias; MG—Belo Horizonte; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães; SP; TO—Esperantina. PERU: CU—Qillabamba (1350 m). 14. Megachile (Neochelynia) pedalis Fox Megachile pedalis Fox 1891: 347. Male. Type locality: Kingston, Jamaica. Type repository: ANSP 10403. Examined. Megachile (Neomegachile) pedalis Fox; Raw 1984a: 495. Megachile (Neochelynia) pedalis Fox; Raw 2002: 27. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Cresson 1928: 70 (T); Friese 1902: 200 (D); 1911: 263 (D, R-M); Gowdey 1926: 100 (D); Raw 1985: 2–13 (D, L, M, F). DISTRIBUTION. JAMAICA. The species occurs on the plains and along the coast. FLOWERS. Cassia emarginata, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Portulaca, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Croton linearis, Bidens pilosa. LIFE CYCLE. Adults are active throughout the year. 15. Megachile (Neochelynia) perpunctata Cockerell Megachile perpunctata Cockerell 1896a: 286–287. Female. Type locality: San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 18 March (C. H. T. Townsend). Type repository: USNM 58111. Examined. Megachile (Neomegachile) perpunctata Cockerell; Ayala et al 1997: 455. Megachile (Neochelynia) perpunctata Cockerell; Raw 2002: 27. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1899: 12 (D); 1932: 14 (T). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: VC—Rio Nautla. 16. Megachile (Neochelynia) praecipua Mitchell Megachile praecipua Mitchell 1930: 282–283. Female. Type locality: Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia, 8 May 1927 (Salt). Type repository: NHML 17a2468. Examined. Megachile (Neochelynia) praecipua Mitchell; Raw 2002: 27. DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: MA—Rio Frio. 17. Megachile (Neochelynia) rodriguesi Moure Megachile rodriguesi Moure 1943: 173. Female. Type locality: Batatais, Estado de São Paulo, November 1941. Type repository: UFPR. Megachile (Neochelynia) rodriguesi Moure; Raw 2002: 28. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP—Batatais. 18. Megachile (Neochelynia) rufobarbata Cockerell Megachile rufobarbata Cockerell 1936: 250–251. Female. Type locality: Plu Ruimveldt, British Guiana, 19 December 1935 (J. Ogilvie). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Neochelynia) rufobarbata Cockerell; Raw 2002: 28. DISTRIBUTION. GUYANA. 19. Megachile (Neochelynia) stomatura Cockerell Megachile stomatura Cockerell 1917: 237–238. Male. Type locality: Trinidad, West Indies, 6 June (Aug. Busck). Type repository: USNM 22903. Examined. Megachile (Neomegachile) stomatura Cockerell; Mitchell 1934: 302. Megachile (Neochelynia) stomatura Cockerell; Raw 2002: 28. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1923a: 452, 457, 458 (D, M, R-F); Mitchell 1930: 283 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: MA—Sevillano; Cartagena. GUYANA: Berbice. TRINIDAD. NESTING. Nested in abandoned borings in timber. PREDATION. Coelioxys rostrata. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 71 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 20. Megachile (Neochelynia) zernyi Alfken Megachile zernyi Alfken 1933: 306–307. Female. Type locality: Taperinha (near Santarém), Brazil, 21–31 July (H. Zerny). Type repository: NHMW. Megachile (Neochelynia) zernyi Alfken Raw 2002: 28. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PA; SP. Subgenus Pseudocentron Mitchell Megachile (Pseudocentron) Mitchell 1934: 304, 307. Type species: Megachile pruina Smith. Original designation. Mitchell 1934: 303 & 307, 1937b: 63; 1980: 56; Sandhouse 1943: 593; Michener 1944: 265, 266, 268. Pseudocentron (Pseudocentron) Mitchell 1980: 56. This is the largest subgenus in the Americas and currently comprises 67 species. They range from North Carolina to Argentina and central Chile. Two species are restricted to the U.S.A. and seven are West Indian. 1. Megachile (Pseudocentron) agrestis Mitchell Megachile agrestis Mitchell 1930: 197–198. Male. Type locality: Cordoba, Argentina. Type repository: MCZ 16200. Examined. Pseudocentron (Pseudocentron) agrestis Mitchell; Durante & Diaz 2000: 16 (A). Megachile (Pseudocentron) agrestis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 28. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA—Andalgala; CD. FLOWER. Acacia furcata. 2. Megachile (Pseudocentron) animosa Cockerell Megachile animosa Cockerell 1931: 539. Female. Type locality: Chichenitza, Yucatán, Mexico (Bequaert). Type repository: MCZ 16256. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) animosa Cockerell; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1932: 13–14 (D, K). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: YU—Chichenitza. 3. Megachile (Pseudocentron) argentina Friese Megachile argentina Friese 1906: 95. Female ? Type locality: Santa Rosa, Ch. de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina. Type repository: WNHM. Megachile argentina versicolor Friese 1906: 96. Megachile (Pseudocentron) argentina Friese; Mitchell 1934: 303. The type locality of the subspecies versicolor is also Mendoza, Argentina and Jörgensen (1909) recorded the species from Pedregal so the subspecific status is doubtful. It may be a variety of M. argentina (Mitchell 1930: 199 (D)), but if it is a separate species it will have to be renamed (qv. M. (Megachile) versicolor Smith 1844 of Europe). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1908a: 63 (K), 65–66 (R-M); Jensen-Haarup 1908: 105 (F, N); Jör- gensen 1909: 214 (D, F, L); 1912a: 125 (L, T), 126 (N), 132 & 134 (K); 1912b: 309, 310 (D, F, L, M); Mitchell 1930: 199 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D); RASMUSSEN (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA—Catamarca; LP—Hucal; ME—Cerro Navarro, Chacras de Coria Pedregal, Eva Peron, Puente del Inca (3000m–4000m); SJ. PERU: CU; LI. FLOWERS. Acacia furcata, Atamisquea emarginata, Anthemis cotula, Baccharis salicifolia, Caesalpinia praecox, Calendula officionalis, Circium lanceolatum, Clematis hilarii, Convolvulus arvensis, Cucurbitella scaberrima, Cuscuta racemosa, Grindelia pulchella, G. speciosa, Hoffmannseggia falcaria, Hyalis argentea, Lycium gracile, Monedula, Marrubium vulgare, Pascalia [= Wedelia] glauca, Patagonium gilliesii, Prosopis alpataco, P. campestris, P. strombulifera, Proustia ilicifolia, Psoralea higuerilla, Salvia gilliesii, Senecio 72 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. mendocinus, S. pinnatus, Sphaeralcea bonariensis, Telesperma scabriosoides, Ximenedia microptera, Zuccagnia punctata. NESTING. Nests in the ground, in thatch of houses and in galls on Duvana dependens. Lines cells with cut leaves and with petals of Caesalpinia, Cassia aphylla and Larrea. The cell is plugged with mud. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from October to mid May. MORTALITY FACTOR. Coelioxys inconspicua. 4. Megachile (Pseudocentron) aricensis Friese Megachile aricensis Friese 1904: 187. Male. Type locality: Arica, northern Chile. Type repository unknown. Megachile (Pseudocentron) aricensis Friese; Mitchell 1943b: 664 by association. Mitchell (op.cit.) considered this to be a junior synonym of M. furcata Vachal (1909) which is considered here to be a distinct species. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1912b: 175 (D, F); 1923a: 454 (T); Toro 1986: 127 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. PACKER (D). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: TA—Arica, Azapa. PERU. Pacific coast of northern Peru to northern Chile. Michener's records from Panamá (1954: 101) may be erroneous. FLOWER. Philibertella flava. 5. Megachile (Pseudocentron) asuncicola Strand Megachile asuncicola Strand 1910: 530–531. Female. Type locality: Asuncion, Paraguay. Type repository unknown. Megachile asuncicola mediomicans: Strand 1910: 531. Sex not indicated. Type locality: Paraguay. Type repository unknown. Megachile (Pseudocentron) asuncicola Strand; Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Mitchell 1930: 209 (D); Moure 1944a: 16 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D); Zanella 2000: 591 (D); 2003: 234 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PB—São João de Cariri; RN—Serra Negra do Norte. PARAGUAY: CE— Asuncion. 6. Megachile (Pseudocentron) aurata Mitchell Megachile aurata Mitchell 1930: 222–223. Female. Type locality: Juanfé [Juanjui], Peru. Type repository: USNM. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) aurata Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. DISTRIBUTION. PERU: SM—Juanjui. 7. Megachile (Pseudocentron) aurea Mitchell Megachile aurea Mitchell 1930: 244. Male. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Pseudocentron) aurea Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. MZSP (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: PA—Santarém (MZSP). 8. Megachile (Pseudocentron) azteca Cresson Megachile azteca Cresson 1878: 119. Male. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2456. Examined. Megachile rhodopus Cockerell 1896a: 287–287. Sex not stated. Type locality: San Rafael, New Mexico, 18 June. Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Synonymy of Mitchell 1930: 196 (D); 1943b: 663. Megachile (Pseudocentron) azteca Cresson; Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1899: 11 (D), 12 (D as M. rhodopus), 1905a: 340 (K); 1919: 212 (D as M. rhodopus); 1932: 14 (K as M. azteca and M. rhodopus); Cresson 1916: 112 (T); 1932: 14 (K); Friese 1911: 245 (D, R-F as M. rhodopus), 256 (D, R-F); 1921: 80 (D); Michener 1954: 101 (D, L); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA: San José, Mount Redovuto. MEXICO: CM; CH; GO—Rincon; JA; MO; CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 73 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. NA; PU; VC—Atoyac, Rio Nautla, San Rafael. PANAMA: PA—Chiva Chiva. U.S.A.: NM. Records from Bolivia and Brazil under M. rhodopus are questionable. LIFE CYCLE. March–June. In Panamá adults fly in July. FLOWERS. Compositae. 9. Megachile (Pseudocentron) baeri Vachal Megachile Baeri Vachal 1904: 12–13. Female. Type locality: Lara [Tucuman, Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) baeri Vachal; Raw 2002: 28. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: TU. 10. Megachile (Pseudocentron) banksi Mitchell Megachile banksi Mitchell 1930: 220. Female. Type locality: Canal Zone, Ancón, Panamá. Type repository: MCZ 16202. Examined. Megachile petulans abnegata Cockerell 1931: 538. Female. Type locality: Chichenitza, Yucatan, Mexico (Bequaert). Type repository: MCZ 16267. Synonymy of Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Pseudocentron) banksi Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1932: 13 (K as M. petulans abnegata); Michener 1954: 101 (D, L). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: YU—Chichenitza. PANAMA: PA—Ancon. COLOMBIA: MA—Rio Frio. FLOWERS. Antigonon leptopus, Tribulus cistoides. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in August. 11. Megachile (Pseudocentron) barbatula Smith Megachile barbatula Smith 1879: 70. Male. Type locality: Ega [=Tefé] on the Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2452. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) barbatula Smith; Raw 2002: 28. A paralectotype male at OUM is labelled "barbata Smith, Ega, Braz.", but the published name differs to avoid synonymy with M. barbata Smith (1853) from South Africa. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Friese 1911: 265 (D, R-M). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM. 12. Megachile (Pseudocentron) bidentata (Fabricius) Andrena bidentata Fabricius 1775: 377. Male. Type locality: Amer. Bor. Type repository: NHML ? Apis bidentata Fabricius; Gmelin (in Linnaeus) 1790: 2793. Anthophora bidentata (Fabricius); Fabricius 1804: 381. (Not Megachile bidentata Smith 1853 [= M. (Cressoniella) bidens Friese]. Mexico.) (Not Megachile bidentata Walckenaer 1802 [= Coelioxys quadridentata Linneaus 1758]. Europe.) Megachile (Pseudocentron) bidentata (Fabricius); Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905a: 339 (K); Mitchell 1937b: 73–74 (R–M). DISTRIBUTION. Central American or West Indian. Mitchell (1937b: 73) considered the type locality cited to be in error. NESTING. Said to nest on stones. 13. Megachile (Pseudocentron) botucatuna Schrottky Megachile botucatuna Schrottky 1913a: 212–213. Male. Type locality: Victoria de Botucatú, Est. do São Paulo, [Brazil], 15 Oct 1900. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile arabilis Mitchell 1930: 201–202. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT] Brazil. Type repository: ANSP 4145. Synonymy of Mitchell 1943b: 664. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) arabilis Mitchell, Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Pseudocentron) botucatuna Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Pseudocentron (Pseudocentron) botucatuna Schrottky; Durante & Diaz 2000: 16 (A). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). 74 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG—Belo Horizonte, Passos; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães; SP—Botucatú. 14. Megachile (Pseudocentron) burmeisteri Friese Megachile burmeisteri Friese 1908a: 68. Sex not indicated. Type locality: Pedregal, Mendoza, Argentina. Type repository: NHMW. Megachile (Pseudocentron) burmeisteri Friese; Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1919: 221 (D, T); Jensen-Haarup 1908: 106 (D, F); Jörgensen 1909: 215 (F, L); 1912a: 130 (D, F, L), 133 & 134 (K); 1912b: 311–312 (F, L); Mitchell 1930: 225 (D); Vachal 1909: 7 (K). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF, ME—Chacras de Coria, Pedregal, Potrerillos; Carcaraña. PARAGUAY: MI—Sapucay. FLOWERS. Atamisquea emarginata, Grindelia pulchella, Hoffmannseggia falcaria, H. falcata, Medicago sativa, Psoralea higuerilla, Ximenedia microptera. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly mid October to end of May. 15. Megachile (Pseudocentron) chamacoco Schrottky Megachile chamacoco Schrottky 1913a: 204–205. Male. Type locality: Assuncion, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP ? Pseudocentron (Pseudocentron) chamacoco Schrottky; Durante & Diaz 2000: 16 (A). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY: Assuncion. 16. Megachile (Pseudocentron) cordialis Mitchell Megachile (Pseudocentron) cordialis Mitchell 1943b: 664. Replacement name for Megachile cordovensis Mitchell 1930: 189–190. Female. Type locality: Cordoba, Argentina. Type repository: MCZ 16209. Examined. (Not Megachile corduvensis Schrottky 1909a.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CD. BRAZIL: MS; MT. MORPHOLOGY. The face of the female is extraordinary for a species of Pseudocentron; it more resembles that of Chelostomoides (A. Raw). 17. Megachile (Pseudocentron) crassipes Smith Megachile crassipes Smith 1879: 71–72. Male. Type locality: St. Paulo [de Olivença] on the Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2453. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) crassipes Smith; Raw 2002: 28. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1927a: 13, 17 (D, K); Friese 1911: 266 (D, R-M). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: LP—Tumupasa. BRAZIL: AM—São Paulo de Olivença; RO—Suruí Reserve. ECUADOR: Napo Pastazo—AZ—Coca. PERU: MD—Avispas; Amazonas—Montenegro. 18. Megachile (Pseudocentron) curvipes Smith Megachile curvipes Smith 1853: 187. Male. Type locality: Brazil. Type repository: OUM. Examined. Megachile fossoris Smith 1879: 75–76. Female. Type locality: Santarém [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2429. Examined. Synonymy of Friese in Cockerell 1923a: 454; Moure 1941: 93; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Megachile fossoris leucocentra Schrottky 1908: 236. Female. Type locality: Asuncion, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP. Synonymy of Schrottky 1920: 22; Moure 1941: 93; 1942: 307; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Megachile leucocentra Schrottky 1913a: 164. Megachile rubricata var. beroni Schrottky 1902: 437. Synonymy of Moure 1944b: 120. Schwarz (1934: 21) separated the females of M. curvipes and M. fossoris. Megachile (Pseudocentron) curvipes Smith; Moure 1942: 307–308 (D). Megachile (Pseudocentron) curviceps Smith; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 144 (Misspelling). CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 75 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Pseudocentron (Pseudocentron) curvipes Smith; Durante & Diaz 2000: 16 (M). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D); Barbola & Laroca 1990: 95 (D); Carvalho & Bego 1996: 150 (D); Cockerell 1912a: 61 (D); 1919: 221 (D); 1932: 14 (K as M. leucocentra); Cruz Landim 1967: 201–202, 204 (M); 1968: 119; 1973: 209–213 (M); Friese 1911: 266 (D, R-M), 267 (D, R-F as M. fossoris); 1916: 297 (D as M. fossoris); Gonçalves & Melo 2005: 569 (D, F); Jamhour & Laroca 2004: 50 (D); Michener 1954: 101 (D, F, L); Mitchell 1930: 192 (D, M) 196 (D as M. fossoris); 1941: 166–167 (D, M); Moure 1944a: 15 (D); 1944b: 120 (T); 1945: 410 (T); Schrottky 1908: 236 (D), 1913a: 147 (D), 164–165 (D, R-F). 200 (D); 1913b: 247 (D as M. curvipes and M. fossoris leucocentra ); 1920: 22 (D, R-F as M. fossoris); Schwarz 1934: 20–21 (D, K, T as M. curvipes and M. fossoris); 1934: 19–21 (D, K as M. fossoris); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D); Strand 1909: 234 (D); 1910: 526 (D); Vachal 1909: 17 (D, K); Wcislo et al 2004: 1448 (M). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: MI. BRAZIL: AM—Manaus; BA; DF—Brasilia, Planaltina; GO—Goias, Rio das Antas; MG—Belo Horizonte, Uberlândia; MS—Pedra Branca; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães, Salobra; PA—Santarém; PR—Curitiba, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Patos Brancos, Reserva Passa Dois; RO— Porto Velho; RS; SP—Vila Ema. COLOMBIA: MA—Rio Frio. COSTA RICA: San José. PANAMA: PA; CO—Barro Colorado Island, Tocumen. PARAGUAY: CE—Asuncion, MI—Sapucay, GU—Villarrica. FLOWERS. Melampodium divaricatum, Trixis verbasciformis. LIFE CYCLE. In Panamá adults fly in February & July. 19. Megachile (Pseudocentron) dalmeidai Moure Megachile dalmeidai Moure 1944b: 118–120. Female. Type locality: Fazenda Bom Jesus, Monte Alegre (750 ms), SP, Brazil, 14–27 October 1942. Type repository: MZSP 104.428. Examined. [Type missing metasoma.] Megachile (Pseudocentron) dalmeidai Moure; Raw 2002: 28. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP: Monte Alegre. 20. Megachile (Pseudocentron) davisi Mitchell Megachile davisi Mitchell 1930: 219. Female. Type locality: Cordoba, Argentina. Type repository: MCZ 16210. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) davisi Mitchell; Raw 2002: 29. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CD. 21. Megachile (Pseudocentron) deceptrix Smith Megachile deceptrix Smith 1879: 81. Female. Type locality: St. Domingo [West Indies]. Type repository: NHML 17a2423. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) deceptrix Smith; Mitchell 1943b: 664. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Cockerell 1905a: 341 (K). Friese 1902: 199 (D), 1911: 262 (D, R-F); Genaro 2007: 250 (D). DISTRIBUTION. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. 22. Megachile (Pseudocentron) delectus Mitchell Megachile delectus Mitchell 1930: 217. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4148. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) delectus Mitchell; Raw 2002: 29. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT. 23. Megachile (Pseudocentron) electra Mitchell Megachile electrum Mitchell 1930: 223–224. Female. Type locality: Villarrica, Paraguay, October 1923. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Pseudocentron) electrum Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Moureapis) electra Mitchell; Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 144 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PR. PARAGUAY: GU—Villarrica. 76 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 24. Megachile (Pseudocentron) elongata Smith Megachile elongata Smith 1879: 80. Male. Type locality: St. Domingo [West Indies]. Type repository: NHML 17a2467. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) elongata Smith; Mitchell 1943b: 664. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1905a: 341 (K); Crawford 1914: 132 (D); Friese 1902: 199 (R-F); 1911: 262 (D, R-M); Genaro 2007: 250 (D); YáñezOrdóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: JA; SI; SO; MI; MO; NA; TA. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. 25. Megachile (Pseudocentron) framea Schrottky Megachile framea Schrottky 1913a: 211. Male. Type locality: Jundiahy [= Jundiaí, SP, Brazil], November 1900. Type repository: MZSP. Examined, labelled "HOLOTIPO". [Type missing left mid leg, left hind tibia and tarsi. Right antenna and left flagellum attached to card.] Megachile (Pseudocentron) framea Schrottky; Sakagami et al 1967: 272–273 (D, L). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Barbola & Laroca 1990: 95 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 144 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG—Nova Rezende; PR—Reserva Passa Dois, São José dos Pinhais; RS; SPJundiaí. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly November to May. 26. Megachile (Pseudocentron) furcata Vachal Megachile furcata Vachal 1909: 10. Male. Type locality: Chihuahua, Mexico. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Pseudocentron) furcata Vachal; Mitchell 1934: 303. Cockerell (1924: 548) considered this species to be a junior synonym of the Nearctic M.(Pseudocentron) sidalceae Cockerell. Mitchell (1934: 303) and Michener (1954: 101 (D, L)) considered it to be a junior synonym of M. aricensis Friese found on the coasts of Peru and Chile. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Mitchell 1930: 192–193 (D, F, R-F). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: MA—Ciénaga, Rio Frio, Santa Maria, Tucurinca. MEXICO: CH; SI. PANAMA: CH—Camarón, Pueblo Nuevo; PA—Ancón, Balboa; Old Panamá, Panamá City. FLOWERS. Tribulus cistoides. LIFE CYCLE. In Panamá adults fly almost all the year. 27. Megachile (Pseudocentron) gomphrenae Holmberg Megachile gomphrenae Holmberg 1886: 140. Female. Type locality: La Tinta, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Type repository MACN. (Not Megachile gomphrenae Friese 1908a [= M. (Chrysosarus) catamarcensis Schrottky 1908].) Megachile gomphrenae var. saltensis Friese 1908a: 64–65. Sex not indicated. Type locality: Salta, Argentina. Type repository unknown. Megachile saltensis Friese; Schrottky 1909b: 268. New status. Megachile perita Mitchell 1930: 202–203. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4147. Examined. Synonymy of Durante 2000: 171–178 (D, T). Megachile (Pseudocentron) gomphrenae Holmberg; Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Pseudocentron) perita Holmberg; Mitchell 1934: 303. Pseudocentron (Pseudocentron) gomphrenae Holmberg; Durante & Diaz 2000: 16 (A). Friese confused M. (Pseudocentron) gomphrenae Holmberg with M. (Chrysosarus) catamarcensis Schrottky. He also created four varieties of his concept of M. gomphrenae. Three are considered to be valid species of Chrysosarus and the fourth is M. gomphrenae Holmberg (as M. saltensis Friese). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1917: 240 (D); Friese 1911: 267 (D, F, L, R-F); Jensen-Haarup 1908: 105 (F); Jörgensen 1909: 213 (D); 1912a: 124 (T); Mitchell 1930: 203 (D); Schrottky 1913a: 178–180 (D, R-FM); 1913b: 247 (D). CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 77 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D); UFPR (D). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF—Martin Coronado, Magdalena, La Plata, La Tinta, San Fernando, Tandil, Tigre, Villa Devoto; CD—La granja; FO—Gran Guardia; LP—Telen; ME—Pedregal, Carcaraña, Chacras de Coria, Potrerillos, Vegas; NE—Parque Nac. Lanín. Pucará, Piedra del Aguila; RN—Río Colorado; SL—San Francisco; SF—Lanteri, Guadalupe. BRAZIL: MG—Poços de Caldas; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães. CHILE: Santiago de Chile, El Canelo, Cerro Manquehue. URUGUAY. FLOWERS. Gomphrena sericea, Cirsium lanceolatum, Senecio. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly November to March. NESTING. Nested in thatch of houses. 28. Megachile (Pseudocentron) gomphrenoides Vachal Megachile gomphrenoides Vachal 1908: 236–237. Female. Type locality: Argentina. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Pseudocentron) gomphrenoides Vachal; Moure 1947: 232. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Moure 1947: 231–232 (D); Schrottky 1913a: 180 (T); 1920: 33 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ST—Rio Carapari. 29. Megachile (Pseudocentron) hamatipes Cockerell Megachile hamatipes Cockerell 1923a: 455–456. Male. Type locality: Bel Air, Lamaha, East Coast, British Guiana (Bodkin). Type repository: NHML 17a2464. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) hamatipes Cockerell; Raw 2002: 29. DISTRIBUTION. GUYANA. 30. Megachile (Pseudocentron) hieronymi Friese Megachile hieronymi Friese 1906: 96. Female. Type locality: Mendoza/ Cordoba, Argentina. Type repository: MHNW. Megachile (Pseudocentron) hieronymi Friese; Raw 2002: 29. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1908a: 63, 64 (K), 67 (L); Jensen-Haarup 1908: 105–106 (F); Jör- gensen 1909: 215 (D, F, L); 1912a: 128 (F, L), 133 & 135 (K); 1912b: 311 (D, F); Mitchell 1930: 225. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA; CD; ME; NE. FLOWERS. Baccharis serratula, Bidens leucantha, Circium lanceolata, Grindelia pulchella, Hoffmannseggia falcata, Hyalis argentea, Lycium argentinum, L. chilense, Marrubium vulgare, Patagonium gilliesii, Psoralea higuerilla, Senecio albicaulis, S. mendocinus, S. pinnatus, Ximenedia microptera. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly early October to mid May. 31. Megachile (Pseudocentron) hoffmannseggiae Jörgensen Megachile hoffmannseggiae Jörgensen 1912a: 130–131. Female. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina. Type repository: Museu La Plata. Lithurgus rufiventris Friese 1908a: 61–62. Male. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina. Synonymy of Jörgensen 1912a: 124. Megachile (Pseudocentron) hoffmannseggiae Jörgensen; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Pseudocentron) rhodosara Moure 1947: 232–233. Female. Type locality: Copayan, Catamarca, Argentina, Jan 1941 (Schafer). Type repository: UFPR. Synonymy of J. S. Moure (pers. comm). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1919: 221 (D, T); Jörgensen 1912a: 133 (K); 1912b: 309 (D, F, L); Mitchell 1930: 196 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA—Andalgala; ME—Pedregal, Chacras de Coria, Carcaraña. BRAZIL. FLOWERS. Caesalpinia praecox, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynara cardunculus, Grindelia pulchella, Hoffmannseggia falcata, Hyalis argentea, Larrea divaricata, Lippia lycioides, Lycium gracilis, Medicago sativa, Opuntia auracantha, O. sulphurea, Pascalia [= Wedelia] glauca, Salvia gilliesii, Senecio mendocinus, S. pinnatus, Verbena bonariensis, V. octantha. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly November to January. 78 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 32. Megachile (Pseudocentron) holomelaena Cockerell Megachile holomelaena Cockerell 1917: 238. Female. Type locality: Chubut, Patagonia [Argentina] (W. F. H. Rosenberg). Type repository: USNM 22904. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) holomelaena Cockerell; Raw 2002: 29. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CB. 33. Megachile (Pseudocentron) holosericea (Fabricius) Apis holosericea Fabricius 1793: 336. Female. Type locality: America Meridionalis Insularis. Type repository: Zool. Mus. Copenhagen. Anthophora holosericea (Fabricius); Fabricius 1804: 373. Anthophora holosericea (Fabricius); Illiger 1806: 113. Trachusa holosericea (Fabricius); Jurine 1807: 251. Megachile holosericea (Fabricius); Cockerell 1906b: 105. Megachile (Pseudocentron) holosericea (Fabricius); Moure 1960: 110 (D). Moure (1960: 110) listed this as a species, but cited it as a subspecies of poeyi in the text. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Friese 1911: 273 (R-F). DISTRIBUTION. PUERTO RICO: Rio Pedras, Mona Island. Moure (1960) gives type locality as "Lesser Antilles", but the species is known only from Puerto Rico. 34. Megachile (Pseudocentron) huascari Cockerell Megachile huascari Cockerell 1912f: 486–487. Female. Type locality: Huascaray, Peru, 6500 ft [1950 m], Sept 21 (C. H. T. Townsend). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) huascari Cockerell; Raw 2002: 29. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1917: 239 (K). DISTRIBUTION. PERU: HU. 35. Megachile (Pseudocentron) imperator Mitchell Megachile imperator Mitchell 1930: 185–186. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil. Type repository: ANSP 4136. Examined. The type lacks left fore leg and left mid tibia and tarsi. Megachile (Pseudocentron) imperata Mitchell; Mitchell 1933: 303. Misspelling. Megachile (Pseudocentron) imperator Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT. 36. Megachile (Pseudocentron) indulgens Mitchell Megachile indulgens Mitchell 1930: 224. Female. Type locality: Cordoba, Argentina. Type repository: MCZ 16201. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) indulgens Mitchell; Raw 2002: 29. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CD. 37. Megachile (Pseudocentron) inscita Mitchell Megachile inscita Mitchell 1930: 196–197. Male. Type locality: Pedra Branca, Brazil. Type repository: ANSP 4146. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) inscita Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: BA—Maracas; MT—Pedra Branca. 38. Megachile (Pseudocentron) jerryrozeni Genaro 2003 Megachile (Pseudocentron) jerryrozeni Genaro 2003: 286–289. Female. Type locality: Cayman, West Indies. Type repository: USNM. DISTRIBUTION. CAYMAN ISLANDS: Grand Cayman Island and Cayman Brac. 39. Megachile (Pseudocentron) jundiana Schrottky Megachile jundiana Schrottky 1913a: 204. Male. Type locality: Jundiahy [Jundiaí, SP, Brazil], January 1900. Type CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 79 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. repository: MZSP. Megachile chapadiana Mitchell 1929: 346–349. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT,] Brazil, November (H. H. Smith). ANSP 4109. Examined. Synonym of Mitchell 1943b: 664. Megachile (Pseudocentron) chapadiana Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. Moure (1943: 171) thought this species could be a synonym of M. (Pseudocentron) terrestris Schrottky. Megachile (Pseudocentron) jundiana Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES (Both as M. chapadiana). Mitchell 1930: 193 (D); Wcislo et al 2004: 1448 (M). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT—Chapada dos Guimarães; SP—Jundiaí. 40. Megachile (Pseudocentron) leucopogonites Moure Megachile (Pseudocentron) leucopogonites Moure 1944a: 17. Female. Type locality: Vila Ema, São Paulo, Brazil. Type repository: UFPR. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP. 41. Megachile (Pseudocentron) lissotate Moure Megachile (Pseudocentron) lissotate Moure 1943: 187–189. Female. Type locality: Bodoquena, MT, Brazil. Type repository: UFPR. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Aguiar 2003 (D, F), Aguiar et al 2005: 1034 (N); Aguiar & Zanella 2005: 18 (L); Moure 1945: 413, 414 (T); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D); Zanella 2000: 591 (D); 2003: 234 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: BA—Itatim; MG; MS; MT; PB—São João de Cariri; RN—Serra Negra do Norte; SP-Batatais. PARAGUAY: San Lorenzo. FLOWERS. Chaetocalyx scandens, Melochia tomentosa, Opuntia palmadora, Passiflora foetida, Sida galheirensis, Tabebuia heptaphylla. LIFE CYCLE. Adults active in September to November in the caatinga of Bahia, Brazil. NESTING. Nested in bamboo trap-nests (6–8 mm diameter and 10–19 cm long). 42. Megachile (Pseudocentron) lobitarsis Smith Megachile lobitarsis Smith 1879: 76. Male. Type locality: St. Paulo [de Olivença], on the Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2444. Examined. Megachile sexies Vachal 1909: 9. Male. Type locality: Guyane Française. Type repository: MNHN. Synonymy suggested by Vachal (1909: 9). Megachile (Ptilosarus) lobitarsis Smith; Michener 1954: 103 (D, L). (Erroneous listing.) Megachile (Pseudocentron) lobitarsis Smith; Raw 2002: 30. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Bodkin 1918: 303 (D); Cheesman 1929: 145 (D); Dominique 1898: 61 (D); Friese 1911: 268 (D, R-M). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. Ascher 2007 (D); RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA. BRAZIL: AM—São Paulo de Olivença, Tefe; BA—Itabuna, Una; MT. ECUADOR. FRENCH GUIANA. GUYANA. PANAMA: PA—Taboga Islands. LIFE CYCLE. In Panamá adults fly in September. 43. Megachile (Pseudocentron) luctifera Spinola Megachile luctifera Spinola 1841: 142. Female. Type locality: Cayenne [French Guiana]. Type repository: IZU Torino. Megachile flavitarsata Smith 1853: 183–184. Male. Type locality: St. Vincent's [West Indies]. Type repository: NHML 17a2443. Examined. Synonymy of Genaro 1998: 151 (D). Megachile binotata Guérin 1845: 450. Female. Type locality: St. Thomas [West Indies]. Type repository: SMM. Synonymy of Genaro 1998: 151 (D). Megachile barbadensis Cockerell 1937a: 111–112. Male. Type locality: Barbados [West Indies], 15 April. Type repository: USNM 55482. Examined. Synonymy of Genaro 1998: 151 (D). Megachile (Pseudocentron) luctifera Spinola; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Megachile (Pseudocentron) barbadensis Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Pseudocentron) binotata Guérin; Mitchell 1943b: 663. 80 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile binottata Guérin; Guiglia & Pasteels 1961: 20. Misspelling. Megachile (Pseudocentron) flavitarsata Smith; Raw 2002: 29. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ashmead 1900: 214, 302 (D as M. binotata, M. binotulata and M. flavitarsata); Beatty 1944: 172 (D, L as M. binotata and M. flavitarsata); Cockerell 1905a: 341 (K as M. flavitarsata); 1936: 249 (D), 1937a: 111, (D as M. binotata); 1938: 280 (D as M. barbadensis and M. binotata); Crawford 1914: 132, 133 (D); Cresson 1865: 196 [Author did not see a specimen from Cuba]; Friese 1902: 199 (D as M. binotata); 1908b: 38 (D as M. binotata and M. flavitarsata); 1911: 261 (D, R-F as M. binotata), 262 (D, R-M as M. flavitarsata), 268 (D, R-F); Smith 1853: 184 (D as M. binotata and M. luctifera). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D); USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. BARBADOS. DOMINICA. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. FRENCH GUIANA. GRENADA: St George’s. ST. VINCENT and Canouan (Grenadines). SURINAM. UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS: SC; ST. 44. Megachile (Pseudocentron) morio Smith Megachile morio Smith 1853: 189. Female. Type locality: United States (E. Doubleday). Type repository: NHML 17a2414. Examined. (Not Megachile morio Graenicher 1930 [=M. (Melanosarus) bahamensis Mitchell]. Bahamas. See Mitchell 1934: 351– 352.) Megachile (Pseudocentron) morio Smith; Mitchell 1937b: 72–73 (D, R-F). Mitchell (1937) observed that M. floridensis Mitchell "was at first erroneously identified as M. morio Smith". Apparently the latter is known only from the type series and may be from Mexico or the West Indies. Hurd 1979: 2068 suggested it is "Probably a form of pruina." ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905a: 339 (K). Friese 1916: 297 (D). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA: San José. U.S.A.: CA; FL. The record from Brazil is very doubtful. FLOWERS. Bidens leucantha, Melanthera brevifolia, Poinsettia [= Euphorbia] cyathophora. 45. Megachile (Pseudocentron) neutra Vachal Megachile neutra Vachal 1908: 237. Female. Type locality: Buenos Aires, Argentina. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) neutra Vachal; Raw 2002: 30. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF. 46. Megachile (Pseudocentron) obliqua Mitchell Megachile obliqua Mitchell 1930: 218–219. Female. Type locality: British Guiana, 16 April 1901. Type repository: USNM 43095. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) obliqua Mitchell; Raw 2002: 30. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. GUYANA. PANAMA: Madden Forest. 47. Megachile (Pseudocentron) perenensis Cockerell Megachile perenensis Cockerell 1919: 219–220. Female. Type locality: Perenes [Perené] Valley, Peru, 2000–3000 ft [600–900 m]. Type repository: USNM 21690. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) perenensis Cockerell; Raw 2002: 30. DISTRIBUTION. PERU: JU—Perené. 48. Megachile (Pseudocentron) poeyi Guérin Megachile poeyi Guérin 1845: 450. Female. Type locality: Cuba. Type repository: SMM. Megachile poeyi alleni Mitchell 1927: 48–51. Male. Type locality: Mangrove Cay, Andros, Bahamas, 1 August 1904 (Allen, Barbour & Bryant). Type repository: MCZ 15715. Examined. Synonymy of J. Genaro (pers. comm., April 2007). Megachile velhoensis Mitchell 1930: 199–200. Male. Type locality: Porto Velho, Brazil (Mann and Baker). Type repository: MCZ 16199. Incorrect locality (Oliver Flint, USNM (pers. comm.) stated specimens are from West Indies). Examined. Synonymy of Raw 2002: 30. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 81 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile (Pseudocentron) velhoensis Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 303. Megachile (Pseudocentron) poeyi Guérin; Mitchell 1934: 303. Moure (1960: 110) listed M. holosericea as a species, but cited it as a subspecies of poeyi in the text. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alayo 1976: 23 (D); Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Cockerell 1905a: 341 (K); 1912f: 486 (D); Cresson 1865: 177 (D, M, N); Dewitz 1881: 197 (D); Fox 1891: 345 (D); Friese 1902: 200 (D); 1911: 263 (D, R-F); Genaro 1996a: 240 (N); 1996b: 366 (N); 1996c: 385 (M); 2004: 178 (D); Gowdey 1926: 100 (D); Gundlach 1886: 162–163 (D, R-F); Krombein 1953a: 21 (D); Mitchell 1927: 57 (D, F); 1930: 222–223 (T); Myers 1935: 137 (D); Raw 1985: 2–13 (D, F, L, M); 2002: 28 (T); Smith 1853: 184 (D); Wolcott 1948: 869 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ANGUILLA. BAHAMAS: Bimini, Cat Island, Concepcion, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, Long Island, New Providence, Water Cay, Gun Cay. CUBA: (widespread and abundant) CI—La Milpa, Soledad; IJ. JAMAICA: AW; SC; CL; EL; ST; TR (on plains and near coast). PUERTO RICO. The record from Trinidad might be erroneous. FLOWERS. Bidens pilosa, Casearia aculeata, Cosmos sulphurea, Croton linearis, Mikania microntha, Neurolaena limbata, Psidium cattleyanum, Spilanthes urens, Vernonia neuthaefolia. LIFE CYCLE. Adults are active for most of the year (Feb to Nov). Males fly around flowers of Bidens pilosa searching for females. MORTALITY FACTORS. Leucospis poeyi (Cuba). Nemognatha occupata (Cuba). Probably Coelioxys assumptionis (Jamaica). NESTING. Nest constructed of leaf pieces under stones and in bamboo trap-nests (Cuba) and in a beetle burrow in a dead branch (Jamaica). Leaves of several species of plants are used to line cells. 49. Megachile (Pseudocentron) pollinosa Spinola Megachile pollinosa Spinola 1851: 178. Female. Type locality: Central Chile. Type repository: IZUT ? Megachile erinacea Schletterer 1890: 227. Male. Type locality unknown. Synonymy of Friese 1905: 138. Megachile (Pseudocentron) pollinosa Spinola; Mitchell 1934: 303. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Claude-Joseph 1926: 247–249 (A, L, N); Cockerell 1905a: 338 (D, R-F); Friese 1905: 138–139 (D, L); 1911: 272 (D, R-M as M. erinacea), 273 (D, R-F); Herbst 1917: 268 (D); Mitchell 1930: 199 (D); Moure 1945: 413 (T); 1951: 41 (D); Ruiz 1936: 168 (D); Toro 1986: 127 (D); Vachal 1909: 14 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. PACKER (D) ANATOMY. Larva described. DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: AT—Vallenar; CN; CQ—Vicugna; Patagonia; SA—Rancagua; VV—Valdivia. FLOWERS. Compositae, Umbelliferae and Oenothera. NESTING. Nests in the ground under stones and in abandoned nests of sphecid and eumenid wasps and of Centris. Cuts leaves of Aristolochia maqui, Cestrum palqui, Robinia. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly December to February. 50. Megachile (Pseudocentron) possograndensis Schrottky Megachile poçograndensis Schrottky 1902: 438. Female. Type locality: Poço Grande, S. Paulo [state], Brazil, January (Hempel). Type repository: Museu de Zoologia, da Universidade de São Paulo. Examined. [Type is missing left fore tarsi.] Megachile possograndensis Schrottky 1913: 172. New spelling. Megachile (Pseudocentron) poçograndensis Schrottky; Mitchell 1943: 664. Megachile (Moureapis) possograndensis Schrottky; Raw 2002: 25. Megachile (Pseudocentron) possograndensis Schrottky; Raw 2004: 2. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1927b: 394 (T); Moure 1941: 92 (D); 1945: 410 (D, R-M); Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). MZSP (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PR; SP—Ilha de Vitória, Ilha de Búzios, Marumbí, Poço Grande, Praia do Barro. 82 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 51. Megachile (Pseudocentron) prietana Mitchell Megachile prietana Mitchell 1930: 191–192. Male. Type locality: Prieta, Honduras, 7 April 1924. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Pseudocentron) prietana Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1949: 450 (D); Mitchell 1930: 192 (T); Silveira et al. 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: RS. HONDURAS: Prieta, Zamorano. The Brazilian record requires verification. 52. Megachile (Pseudocentron) pulchra Smith Megachile pulchra Smith 1879: 70. Female. Type locality: St.Paulo [de Olivença], on the Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2439. Examined. Megachile pulchra cachoeirensis Schrottky 1920: 31–32. Female. Type locality: Porto Cachoeira, Espirito Santo, April 1912. Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Synonymy of Moure 1945: 411. Megachile (Pseudocentron) pulchra Smith; Mitchell 1943b: 664. The specimen labelled paralectotype of pulchra Smith in OUM is a member of the subgenus Chrysosarus. Moure (1945: 411) suggested M. cachoeirensis Schrottky might be an Austromegachile species. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905a: 340 (K), 1914d: 310 (D); Friese 1911: 270 (D, R-F); Michener 1954: 101 (D, L); Mitchell 1930: 191 (D); Moure 1945: 410–411 (D, R-F); 1920: 31 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. Ascher 2007 (D); RAW (D); UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista; Chaparo. BRAZIL: AM—São Paulo de Olivença, Tefe; ES—Porto Cachoeira; MG; PA—Santarém; RO—Suruí reserve; SP—Praia do Barro. PANAMA: CO— Barro Colorado. LIFE CYCLE. In Panamá adults fly in March. 53. Megachile (Pseudocentron) pyrrhotricha Cockerell Megachile pyrrhotricha Cockerell 1913: 369. Female. Type locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador (Buchwald). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) pyrrhotricha Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1927a: 13–14 (D, K); 1931: 539 (T). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB; LP—Rio Mapirí. ECUADOR: Guayaquil. 54. Megachile (Pseudocentron) rubricata Smith Megachile rubricata Smith 1853: 187. Female. Type locality: [Tefé, AM] Brazil. Type repository: NHML 17a2437. Examined. Megachile hilaris Smith 1879: 72–73. Male. Type locality: Santarém [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2637. Examined. Synonymy of Moure 1944: 140. Megachile clavispinis Vachal 1909: 14. Male. Type locality: Brazil "Goiaz ?". Type repository: MNHN. Synonymy of Moure 1944: 140. Megachile (Pseudocentron) rubricata Smith; Raw 2002: 30. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1911: 267 (D, R-M as M. hilaris), 270-1 (D, R-F); Schrottky 1902: 436–437 (D, R-M); 1913a 167–168 (D, R-F). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM—Tefé; DF—Brasilia; GO; PA—Santarém. FLOWER. Eriosema floribundum. 55. Megachile (Pseudocentron) sanctipauli Schrottky Megachile sanctipauli Schrottky 1913a: 205. Male. Type locality: São Paulo, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP ? Megachile (Pseudocentron) sanctipauli Schrottky; Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 83 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 56. Megachile (Pseudocentron) scapularis Vachal Megachile scapularis Vachal 1908: 234–235. Female and male. Type locality: Female from Mapirí, Bolivia and male from Pachitea, Peru. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Pseudocentron) scapularis Vachal; Raw 2002: 30. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Vachal 1909: 17 (Cited as new species). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB—Ivon; LP—Mapirí. PERU: HU—Pachitea. 57. Megachile (Pseudocentron) staudingeri Friese Megachile staudingeri Friese 1905: 139. Male ? Type locality: Arica, Chile/ Peru/ Ecuador. Type repository: NHMW. Megachile (Pseudocentron) staudingeri Friese; Toro 1986: 127. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Raw 2002: 30 (T); Vachal 1909: 15 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D); USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: PO—Chinoli. CHILE: VP—Valparaiso. ECUADOR: . PERU: AR—Arequipa; JU—Huancayo (3100 m). LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from December to March. 58. Megachile (Pseudocentron) stilbonotaspis Moure Megachile (Pseudocentron) stilbonotaspis Moure 1945: 413–414. Female. Type locality: Vila Ema, São Paulo, [Brazil.] March 1944. Type repository: UFPR. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MS; MT—Bodoquena; SP—Vila Ema. 59. Megachile (Pseudocentron) subcingulata Moure Megachile (Pseudocentron) subcingulata Moure 1945: 411–413. Female. Type locality: Praia do Barro, São Paulo State, [Brazil], 11 May 1944. Type repository: UFPR. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP. 60. Megachile (Pseudocentron) terrestris Schrottky Megachile terrestris Schrottky 1902: 441–442. Female. Type locality: Jundiahy, S. Paulo [state], Brazil, January 1898 (Bicego). Type repository: MZSP. (Not Megachile terrestris Cockerell 1908b: 260–261 [= M. geophila Cockerell 1908b: 260 (replacement name)] = [M. (Sayapis) mellitarsis Cresson 1878.] Synonymy of Mitchell 1934: 301.) Megachile rectipalma Vachal 1909: 10–11. Male. Type locality: Goyaz, Brésil. Type repository: MNHN. Synonymy of J. S. Moure (pers. comm). Megachile andromorpha Schrottky 1913a: 174–175. Female. Type locality: Asuncion, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP ? Synonymy of J. S. Moure (pers. comm). Megachile (Pseudocentron) terrestris Schrottky; Moure 1943: 171–172. Pseudocentron (Leptorachis) terrestris Schrottky; Bortoli & Laroca 1997: 62 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D); Barbola & Laroca 1990: 95 (D); Carvalho & Bego 1996: 150 (D); Damasceno & Silveira 1998 (D); Freitas & Sazima 2006: 486 (D, F); Morgano et al 1992: 1172 (D, F); Sakagami et al 1967: 272 (D, L); Schrottky 1913a: 144 (K); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 144 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D, N). ANATOMY. Intersex. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: DF—Brasilia, Rio Maranhão; GO—Goias; MG—Belo Horizonte, Uberlândia; MT; PR—Guarapuava, Reserva Passa Dois, São José dos Pinhais; RS; SP—Serra da Bocaina National Park. PARAGUAY: CE—Asuncion. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in April and May in Paraná. FLOWERS. Eupatorium, Helianthus annuus, Vernonia tomentella. NESTING. Nested in hard ground of cerrado. 84 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 61. Megachile (Pseudocentron) timida Mitchell Megachile timida Mitchell 1930: 194. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4145. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) timida Mitchell; Raw 2002: 30. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT—Chapada dos Guimarães, Tanguro. 62. Megachile (Pseudocentron) tributa Vachal Megachile tributa Vachal 1909: 15. Male. Type locality: Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) tributa Vachal; Raw 2002: 31. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF. 63. Megachile (Pseudocentron) una Vachal Megachile una Vachal 1909: 17. Male. Type locality: Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Right hind leg broken at knee. Megachile (Pseudocentron) una Vachal; Raw 2002: 31. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF. 64. Megachile (Pseudocentron) variplantis Vachal Megachile variplantis Vachal 1909: 9. Male. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Pseudocentron (Pseudocentron) variplantis Vachal; Durante & Diaz 2000: 16 (A). Megachile (Pseudocentron) variplantis Vachal; Raw 2002: 31. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Jörgensen 1912a: 131 (D). ANATOMY. Male genitalia. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME. 65. Megachile (Pseudocentron) vincta Vachal Megachile vincta Vachal 1908: 239. Female. Type locality: Arica, Chile. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Pseudocentron) vincta Vachal; Mitchell 1943b: 664. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1913: 368 (D), 371 (K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D). DISTRIBUTION. CHILE: TA—Arica. ECUADOR: Guayaquil. PERU: LI. 66. Megachile (Pseudocentron) virescens Cockerell Megachile virescens Cockerell 1912a: 55. Female. Type locality: Baixa Verde, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (Mann). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Pseudocentron) virescens Cockerell; Raw 2002: 31. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1927a: 13–15 (D, K). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: LP—Espia; Rio Bopi. BRAZIL: CE—Barbalha; RN—Baixa Verde. 67. Megachile (Pseudocentron) vitracii Pérez Megachile vitracii Pérez 1884: 237. Female. Type locality: Guadeloupe [West Indies]. Type repository: MNHN. Friese (1911: 264) redescribed the female and cited the reference as “Pérez, J. 1884. Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux vol 37, p.237”. However, Pérez published no work on bees in 1884. Megachile vitrasi Pérez; Wolcott 1948: 869. Misspelling. Cited as a synonym of M. lanata. Megachile (Pseudocentron) vitracii Pérez; Moure 1960: 110 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Friese 1908b: 38 (D). DISTRIBUTION. GUADELOUPE. Reports from Puerto Rico and Mona Island are probably based on misidentifications. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 85 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Subgenus Pseudomegachile Friese Chalicodoma (Pseudomegachile) Friese 1899: 36. Type species: Megachile ericetorum Lepeletier 1841. Designation of Alfken 1933: 56. Michener 1962: 20. Hurd 1979: 2076. Mitchell 1980: 30. Megachile (Archimegachile) Alfken 1933: 56. Type species: Megachile flavipes Spinola 1838. Original designation. Sandhouse 1943: 594. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 563. Megachile (Neglectella) Pasteels 1965: 431. Type species: Megachile armaticeps Friese 1909. Original designation. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 563. Most of the 80 species of the subgenus are African while some reach neighbouring regions of Europe and the Near East (Michener 2000: 563). One Indian species, M. lanata occurs in coastal regions of East Africa, Madagascar and in the West Indies. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) lanata (Fabricius) Apis lanata Fabricius 1775: 385. Female. Type locality: Americae meridionalis Insulis [West Indies]. Type repository: KIEL. Apis lunata Fabricius; Gmelin 1790: 2772. Misspelling. Apis purpurea Christ 1791: 168. Siberien. Synonymy of Dalla Torre 1986: 435. Anthophora lanata (Fabricius); Fabricius 1804: 372. Trachusa lanata (Fabricius); Jurine 1809: 251. Megachile lanata (Fabricius); Latreille 1809: 166. Megachile proxima Smith 1870: 177. India. Synonymy of Friese 1911: 305. Megachile martindalei Fox 1891: 344–345. Male. Type locality: Kingston, Jamaica (W. J. Fox and C. W. Johnson). Type repository: USNM (Fox Collection), not the female in ANSP (no. 10404) as cited by Cresson 1928: 69 (see Moure 1960). Synonymy of Moure 1960: 108–109. Megachile (Archimegachile) lanata (Fabricius); Mitchell 1943b: 671. Megachile vitrasi Pérez; Wolcott 1948: 869. Misspelling. Cited as synonym of M. lanata. Chalicodoma (Pseudomegachile) lanata (Fabricius); Pasteels 1965: 402, 404. Chalicodoma (Archimegachile) lanata (Fabricius); Raw 1984b: 503. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) lanata (Fabricius); Raw 2002: 31. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. (Most citations are as Megachile lanata.) Alayo 1976: 24 (D as M. martindalei); Ashmead 1900: 213 (D as M. martindalei); Bingham 1897: 483–484 (D); Bodkin 1918: 303 (D); Cockerell 1912d: 140 (D); 1912f: 486 (D); 1937b: 192 (D); 1938: 280(D); Eickwort 1970: 198 (D); Friese (D as M. martindalei) 1902: 199 (D); 1908b: 38 (D); 1911: 262 (D, R-F), 305 (D, R-F); Genaro 1997: 196–197 (D, L, N, P); 2004: 178 (D); 2007: 249 (D); Gowdey 1926: 99–100 (D); Hurd 1979: 2076 (D, N); Jayasingh & Freeman 1980: 215–216 (L, M, N); Kapil et al 1970: 449–458 (D, F, L, N); Mitchell 1962: 181–182 (D, RFM); Raw 1984b: 503 (A, F, L, M, N); 1985: 213 (D, F, L); Smith 1853: 177 (D); Wolcott 1948: 869 (D, F, N). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. J. S. Ascher (unpublished data).RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. Old World: BURMA. INDIA. MADAGASCAR. REUNION. SRI LANKA. New World: BARBADOS. CUBA: IJ; very abundant at some localities. FRENCH GUIANA.GRENADA. GUYANA. HISPANIOLA. JAMAICA: all parishes. MONTSERRAT. PUERTO RICO: Barceloneta, Dorado, Mayagüez, Trujillo Alto, Rio Piedras, Yabacoa, along north coast to Isabela. ST. LUCIA. ST. VINCENT. TRINIDAD; Main island & Tabago. U.S.A.: FL. Probably introduced from Africa to the West Indies during the slave trade (Eickwort 1970; Raw 1985). FLOWERS. New World: Borreria verticillata, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis. Old World: Acacia arabica, Cajanus cajan, C. indica, Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis, Ipomoea batatas [sweet potato], Luffa aegyptica, Medicago sativa, Trifolium alexandricum. LIFE CYCLE. In the Punjab, northern India adults are active from early August to November with more than one generation per year and overwinter as prepupae. In the West Indies adults are active throughout the year. Males hold territories around flowering Cajanus cajan and Crotalaria plants. MORTALITY FACTORS. In Jamaica developmental survival was 50% with Melittobia sp. nr. hawaiiensis responsible for 33% of the nest deaths. In cells built in old nests of Sceliphron assimile it was only 30% and the Melittobia species killed 71%. Some larvae were killed by Anthrax irroratus. In Cuba Chrysis insularis 86 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. attacked nests. NESTING. In the Punjab summer cells are located in the soil in banks of irrigation canals and built of leaf pieces of Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Phaseolus aureus and Rhynchosia aurea. Overwintering cells are built of mud in cracks in walls, folds of curtains, etc. In Jamaica and Cuba nests are built of mud in cracks and on horizontal, protected surfaces of buildings and in old nests of Sceliphron assimile and in trap-nests. Sometimes resin is placed around the nest entrance. Subgenus Ptilosaroides Mitchell Cressoniella (Ptilosaroides) Mitchell 1980: 63. Type species: Megachile neoxanthoptera Cockerell 1933. Original designation and monotypy. Megachile (Ptilosaroides) Michener et al 1994: 149, Michener 2000: 564. This small subgenus is confined to South America. Its members are superficially similar to Ptilosarus but lack the special scopal adaptations of that subgenus (see Michener 2000: 541, 564). 1. Megachile (Ptilosaroides) neoxanthoptera Cockerell Megachile xanthoptera Schrottky 1913a: 198. Female. Type locality: Hohenau, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP. (Not Megachile xanthoptera Schletterer 1891 [= M. rufipes (Fabricius)]; synonymy of Cockerell 1933c: 152–153. Central Africa.) Megachile neoxanthoptera Cockerell 1933c: 153. New name. Cressoniella (Ptilosaroides) neoxanthoptera Cockerell; Mitchell 1980: 63. Megachile (Ptilosaroides) neoxanthoptera Cockerell; Michener et al 1994: 149. (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D); Martins & Almeida 1994: 759–765 (D, L, N); Martins &. Antonini 1994: 558 (N); Mejdalani et al 2002: 215–224 (A); Schrottky 1913b: 248 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D); UFPR (D). ANATOMY. Larva described. The proconiine leafhopper Teletusa limpida is a Batesian mimic. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM—Tefé; MG—Belo Horizonte; MT—Cáceres; RJ—São Bento; RO—Forte P. de Beira; SC—Nova Teutônia; SP. PARAGUAY: IT—Hohenau. PERU. LIFE CYCLE. Adults active April to August. NESTING. Nests in crevices, cracks in soil, sand banks, termite burrows and disused cells of Ptilothrix plumata (up to three cells in a single-celled nest) and Diadasina distincta. Cells constructed of petals. 2. Megachile (Ptilosaroides) pilosa Smith Megachile pilosa Smith 1879: 77. Female. Type locality: Fonteboa, on the Amazons [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2457. Examined. The type is lacking the right hind leg and the tarsi of the right fore leg. Megachile (Ptilosarus) pilosa Smith; Mitchell 1943b: 668. Megachile (Ptilosaroides) pilosa Smith; Raw 2002: 32. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1911: 270 (D, R-F); Michener 1954: 102 (D, L); Mitchell 1930: 266 (D), 267 (T); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UK (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: AM; MS; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães. PANAMA: CO—Valle de Anton; PA—Tocumen. LIFE CYCLE. In Panamá adults fly November to April. Subgenus Ptilosarus Mitchell Megachile (Ptilosarus) Mitchell 1943b: 667. Type species: Megachile bertonii Schrottky 1908. Original designation. Michener 2000: 564. Cressoniella (Ptilosarus) Mitchell 1980: 63. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 87 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. The 15 species range from Mexico to Paraguay. 1. Megachile (Ptilosarus) acerba Mitchell Megachile acerba Mitchell 1930: 266–267. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil, December (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4132. Examined. Megachile (Ptilosarus) acerba Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 668. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Michener 1954: 102 (D, L); Mitchell 1930: 266 (T). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT; SP—São Carlos. PANAMA: PA—Pueblo Nuevo. LIFE CYCLE. In Panamá adults fly in June. 2. Megachile (Ptilosarus) ardua Mitchell Megachile (Ptilosarus) ardua Mitchell 1930: 268. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4124. Examined. Megachile (Ptilosarus) ardua Mitchell; Raw 2002: 32. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT; RS. 3. Megachile (Ptilosarus) aurantipennis Cockerell Megachile aurantipennis Cockerell 1912e: 26–27. Male. Type locality: Quirigua, Guatemala, 11 February 1912 (W. P. Cockerell). Type repository: USNM 23282. Examined. Megachile (Ptilosarus) aurantipennis Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 668. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1923a: 454 (T); 1927a: 14 (D); 1932: 13 (D, K); 1946: 204 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. GUATEMALA: Moca: Guatalon (1,000 m). MEXICO: YU—Chichenitza. 4. Megachile (Ptilosarus) bertonii Schrottky Megachile bertonii Schrottky 1908: 235. Female. Type locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP ? Megachile bertoni Mitchell 1929: 335 (A). (Misspelling.) Megachile (Ptilosarus) bertonii Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 667. Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). Cressoniella (Ptilosarus) bertonii Schrottky; Mitchell 1980: 63. Cressomiella (Ptilossaurus) bertonii Schrottky; Collevatti et al 1998: 386, 390 (D, F) (Misspellings). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1923a: 454 (T); 1927a: 19, 20 (T); Loyola & Martins 2004: 43 (D, N); Mitchell 1930: 266 (D, T), 265 (T); Moure 1942: 310 (D); Schrottky 1913a: 146 (K), 198–199 (R-FM); Wcislo et al 2004: 1448 (M). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). ANATOMY. Intersex. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: MG—Belo Horizonte, Viçosa; MS—Salobra; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães; PR—Guaicurús, Majoli; SP—São Sebastião. GUYANA: Mazaruni Teak Plantation. PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni. FLOWER. Triumfetta semiloba. NESTING. Nested in wooden trap-nests. 5. Megachile (Ptilosarus) bidentis Cockerell Megachile bidentis Cockerell 1896a: 288–289. Male. Type locality: San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico (C. H. T. Townsend). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. In his description Cockerell cites a female. He mentions the presence of a scopa, but also "strongly tridentate" mandibles. The specific name implies he examined this holotype male which bears the pair of dentate projections on tergum 6 typical of Ptilosarus males. Megachile (Ptilosarus) bidentis Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 668. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1899: 12 (D); 1912e: 26–27 (R-FM); Friese 1911: 234–5 (D, R- F). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: VC—Rio Nautla. 88 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. FLOWER. Bidens. LIFE CYCLE. Adults active in March. 6. Megachile (Ptilosarus) blanda Mitchell Megachile blanda Mitchell 1930: 247–248. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4134. Examined. (Not Megachile (Eutricharaea) blanda Rebmann 1967. Luxor, Egypt.) Megachile (Ptilosarus) blanda Mitchell; Raw 2002: 32. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT. 7. Megachile (Ptilosarus) cara Mitchell Megachile cara Mitchell 1930: 263–264. Male. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Ptilosarus) cara Mitchell; Mitchell 1943b: 668. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: AM—Tefé. 8. Megachile (Ptilosarus) diodontura Cockerell Megachile diodontura Cockerell 1922: 365–366. Male. Type locality: Zaruma, Ecuador, October 1915 (F. W. Rohwer). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Rasmussen 2004: 34 (D). Megachile (Ptilosarus) diodontura Cockerell; Raw 2002: 32. DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR: Zaruma. 9. Megachile (Ptilosarus) leucostomella Cockerell Megachile leucostomella Cockerell 1927a: 20. Male. Type locality: Huachi, Beni, Bolivia, September (W. M. Mann). Type repository: USNM 29089. Examined. Megachile (Ptilosarus) leucostomella Cockerell; Raw 2002: 32. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Mitchell 1930: 265 (T), 266 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB—Huachi; SC—Buena Vista. 10. Megachile (Ptilosarus) microdontura Cockerell Megachile microdontura Cockerell 1927a: 19. Male. Type locality: Rurrenabaque, Bolivia, October (W. M. Mann). Type repository: USNM 29087. Examined. Megachile (Ptilosarus) microdontura Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 668. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Mitchell 1930: 265 (T), 266 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB—Rurrenabaque; SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: MT—Chapada das Guimarães. 11. Megachile (Ptilosarus) microsoma Cockerell Megachile microsoma Cockerell 1912a: 55–56. Male. Type locality: Porto Velho, Rio Madeira, Brazil (Mann & Baker). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Ptilosarus) microsoma Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 668. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1912a: 61 (D); 1912f: 487 (D); 1927a: 13–14, 19 (D, K, T); Mitchell 1930: 266 (D); Moure 1942: 310 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN(D); UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB—Esperanza, Rurrenabaque; LP—Tumupasa. BRAZIL: AM—Manaus; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães; PA—Santarém; PR—Castelhanos; RO—Porto Velho. GYUANA. PERU. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 89 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 12. Megachile (Ptilosarus) mobilis Mitchell Megachile mobilis Mitchell 1930: 264–265. Male. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Ptilosarus) mobilis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 32. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. 13. Megachile (Ptilosarus) oblita Vachal Megachile oblita Vachal 1908: 232–233. Female. Type locality: Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile (Ptilosarus) oblita Vachal; Raw 2002:32. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: LP—Mapirí. 14. Megachile (Ptilosarus) pulchriventris Cockerell Megachile pulchriventris Cockerell 1923a: 454. Female. Type locality: Issororo, NWD, British Guiana, Dec 1918 (G. E. Bodkin). Type repository: NHML 17a2463. Examined. Megachile (Ptilosarus) pulchriventris Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 668. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. FRENCH GUIANA: Kourou. GUYANA. 15. Megachile (Ptilosarus) xanthura Spinola Megachile xanthura Spinola 1853: 86. Sex not indicated. Type locality: Para ? Brazil. Type repository: IZUT. Megachile (Ptilosarus) xanthura Spinola; Raw 2002: 32. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1923a: 454 (T); 1927a: 19 (T); Friese 1911: 272 (D, R-F); 1923: 5 (D); Schrottky 1913a: 144 (K), 186–187 (R-F); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D); Smith 1853: 185 (D); Strand 1909: 234 (D); Vachal 1908: 244 (D, K). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: LP—Mapirí. BRAZIL: AM—Manaus; PA. ECUADOR. FRENCH GUIANA. PARAGUAY. Subgenus Rhyssomegachile Mitchell Cressoniella (Rhyssomegachile) Mitchell 1980: 63. Type species: Megachile simillima Smith. Original designation and monotypy. Megachile (Rhyssomegachile) Michener 2000: 564. The three members of this subgenus occur in Guyana and the Amazon Basin. 1. Megachile (Rhyssomegachile) kartaboensis Mitchell Megachile kartaboensis Mitchell 1930: 299–300. Female. Type locality: Kartabo, British Guiana, July–August 1920 (W. M. Wheeler). Type repository: MCZ 16212. Examined. Megachile (Rhyssomegachile) kartaboensis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 33. DISTRIBUTION. GUYANA. 2. Megachile (Rhyssomegachile) simillima Smith Megachile simillima Smith 1853: 185. Female. Type locality: Para [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2456. Examined. Cressoniella (Rhyssomegachile) simillima Smith; Mitchell 1980: 63. Megachile (Rhyssomegachile) simillima Smith; Michener 2000: 564–565. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1911: 271 (D, R-F); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). (Friese’s record (1908a: 65) from Argentina, cited by Jensen-Haarup (1908: 105) and others is M. (Dactylomegachile) parsonsiae Schrottky 1913, after Jörgensen 1912a: 128 and Cockerell 1914b: 428.) The female labelled simillima Smith at OUM is a Pseudocentron species. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D); UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AC—Iquirí; AM—Tefé; PA—Jacareagua, Obidos; RO—Guaporé, Pimenta Bueno, Porto Velho. PERU: MD—Puerto Maldonado. This species is apparently confined to the southwestern region of the Amazon basin. 90 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 3. Megachile (Rhyssomegachile) stabilis Mitchell Megachile stabilis Mitchell 1930: 298–298. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Rhyssomegachile) stabilis Mitchell; Raw 2002: 33. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. Subgenus Sayapis Titus Gnathocera Provancher 1882: 232/ 1883: 689, 716 Type species: Gnathocera cephalica Provancher 1882 [= Megachile (Sayapis) pugnata Say 1837]. (Not Gnathocera Kirby 1825; Coleoptera; Cetoniidae.) Ceratias Robertson 1903: 172. Type species: Megachile pugnata Say. (Not Ceratias Krøyer 1845 [angler-fish].) Gnathocera Provancher 1882: 232 (not Gnathocera Kirby Scarabeidae). Type species: Gnathocera cephalica Provancher 1882. Synonymy of Mitchell 1934: 297. Sayapis Titus 1905: 154. Replacement name for Gnathocera Provancher and Ceratias Robertson. Megachile (Sayapis) Mitchell 1934: 298, 308. Sandhouse 1943: 598. Eumegachile (Sayapis) Mitchell 1980: 46 & 51–55. Of the 30 species 4 are restricted to North America (Michener 2000: 565). The 26 Neotropical species range from Mexico to Argentina including the West Indies. M. dentipes has been recorded from U.S.A. to Argentina and M. zaptlana from Mexico and Jamaica to Paraguay. With such unusually wide distributions, more than one species may be present under each name. 1. Megachile (Sayapis) addubitans Cockerell Megachile addubitans Cockerell 1931: 537–538. Female. Type locality: Chichenitza, Yucatan (Bequaert). Type repository: MCZ 16268. Examined. Megachile (Sayapis) addubitans Cockerell; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1932: 13–14 (D, K). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: YU—Chichenitza. 2. Megachile (Sayapis) apora Krombein Megachile (Sayapis) apora Krombein 1953a: 22–24. Male. Type locality: South Bimini Island, Bahamas, 6 August 1951 (C. and P. Vaurie). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Genaro 1994: 6 (C, D). DISTRIBUTION. BAHAMAS: Bimini, Concepcion Island. CUBA: CA—El Hato; MA—Cienaga de Zapata; PR—Guanahacabibes. 3. Megachile (Sayapis) bernadinensis Strand Megachile bernadinensis Strand 1910: 527. Male. Type locality: San Bernardino, Paraguay (Fiebrig). Type repository unknown. Megachile (Sayapis) bernadinensis Strand; Raw 2002: 33. DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY: CO—San Bernardino. 4. Megachile (Sayapis) bigibbosa Friese Megachile bigibbosa Friese 1908a: 66. Female. Type locality: Tucuman, Argentina. Type repository unknown. Megachile cylindrica forma bigibbosa Schrottky 1913b: 247. Eumegachile (Sayapis) bigibbosa Friese; Durante & Diaz 1996: 330. Megachile (Sayapis) bigibbosa Friese; Raw 2002: 33. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Jörgensen 1912a: 125 (T), 132 (K); 1912b: 310 (D, M). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA—El Rodeo, Cerro Negro; LR—Sebila; ME; SA; ST; TU. MORTALITY FACTOR. Coelioxys litoralis. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 91 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 5. Megachile (Sayapis) bomplandensis Durante Eumegachile (Sayapis) bomplandensis Durante —in Durante & Diaz 1996: 329–330. Female. Type locality: Bompland, Misiones, Argentina, 2. 2. 1911 (Jörgensen). Type repository: MLP. Megachile (Sayapis) bomplandensis Durante; Raw 2002: 33. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. ANSP (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF—Villa Devoto; CC—Arroyo Salado; CO—Villa de Soto; LR— Mazan; MI. 6. Megachile (Sayapis) cruziana Mitchell Megachile cruziana Mitchell 1930: 181–182. Male. Type locality: Buenavista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 450 m. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Sayapis) cruziana Mitchell; Mitchell 1934: 301. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. 7. Megachile (Sayapis) curitibana Moure Megachile (Sayapis) curitibana Moure 1943: 178. Female. Type locality: [Curitiba, Brazil] not cited by author. Type repository: UFPR. Eumegachile (Sayapis) curitibana Moure; Durante & Diaz 1993: 93. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG—Passos; PR. 8. Megachile (Sayapis) curtipilis Vachal Megachile curtipilis Vachal 1909: 11. Male. Type locality: Urubamba, Peru. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Ptilosarus) curtipilis Vachal; Raw 2002: 32. DISTRIBUTION. PERU: CU—Urubamba. 9. Megachile (Sayapis) cylindrica Friese Megachile cylindrica Friese 1906: 96. Female. Type locality: Santa Rosa, Argentina. Type repository unknown. Megachile (Sayapis) cylindrica Friese; Moure 1943: 177 (D), Raw 2002: 34. Eumegachile (Sayapis) cylindrica Friese; Durante & Diaz 1993: 93; 1996: 329. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1908a: 63 (K), 66 (D, R-F); Jensen-Haarup 1908: 105 (D); Jörgensen 1912a: 125–126 (D, L, M, N, T), 132 (K); 1912b: 309 (M), 310 (L). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA, ME, SA; ST; TU. BRAZIL: SP—Batatais. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly late October to end of March. MORTALITY FACTORS. Coelioxys laudabilis, C. litoralis. NESTING. Nests in galls on Duvana dependens. Cells built of mud and leaves cut from Caesalpinia, Cassia aphylla and Larrea. 10. Megachile (Sayapis) dentipes Vachal Megachile dentipes Vachal 1909: 12. Male. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Megachile melochiae Schrottky 1913a: 205–206. Male. Type locality: Encarnacion, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP. Synonymy of Moure 1942: 307 (D). Megachile poculifera Cockerell 1919: 217. Male. Type locality: Mexico (Baker). Type repository: USNM 21687. Examined. Synonymy of Mitchell 1930: 182–183 (D); 1937c: 178–180 (D, R-M). Megachile (Sayapis) dentipes Vachal; Mitchell 1934: 301. Megachile ypirangensis Moure 1941: 94. (Not Schrottky 1913a: 194). Synonymy of Moure 1953: 122. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Aguiar 2003 (D, F); Aguiar & Martins 2002: 105 (D, N); Aguiar & Zanella 2005: 20 (L); Cockerell 1914b: 427–428 (R-M); 1923b: 1 (D as M. poculifera); 1924: 548 (D as M. poculifera); 1928: 171 (D); 1932: 12, 15 (D, K as M. poculifera); Durante & Diaz 1996: 334; Genaro 2007: 250 (D); Gimenes & Lobão 2006:443 (D, F); Hurd 1979: 2070 (D); Jörgensen 1912a: 132 (D), 134 (K); Martins 1994: 230; Michener 1954: 101–102 (D, F, L); Moure 1942: 307 (D); Rebêlo et al 2003: 274 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 144 (D); Zanella 2000: 591 (D); 2003: 234 (D). 92 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. A. Raw pers. obs (N); RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF—Fco. Madero, La Plata, San Fernando, Villa Doveto; CA—Las Viñas; CO, LR—Sebila; ME—Mendoza, MI—Iguazú, Loreto; RN—Rio Colorado; SA—Saucelito; SF—Guadalupe; SJ—Chiesa Molinari. BRAZIL: BA—Camaçari, Casa Nova, Ilhéus, Itatim; GO—Goiânia; MA— Alcântara; MG; MS—Salobra; MT—Valle dos Sonhos; PB—São João de Cariri; PR—Paranaí, Ponta Grossa; RJ—Niteroi; RN—Serra Negra do Norte; RS—Estejo; SO—Guaymas; SP—Itápolis. HISPANIOLA. MEXICO: TM—Victoria; VC; YU—Chichenitza, Medellin. PANAMA: PA—Balboa, Old Panamá, Panamá City. PARAGUAY: IT—Encarnacion. PERU: HU—Tingo Maria (670 m). U.S.A.: TX. FLOWERS. Chaetocalyx scandens, Krameria bahiana, Melochia tomentosa, Poeppigia procera, Triplaris. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from December to March in Panama and November to February in Caatinga of Bahia, Brazil. NESTING. Nest in rolled dead leaf of bromeliad 2 m from ground. Used trap-nests 6 mm internal diameter. I believe there are two or more sibling species recorded under the name of dentipes. 11. Megachile (Sayapis) ferruginosa Mitchell Megachile ferruginosa Mitchell 1930: 183–184. Male. Type locality: Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Specimens collected by the author in the Reserva Cachoeira, Acre State and in Brasilia agree totally with Mitchell’s description. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: AC—Reserva Cachoeira; DF—University of Brasilia Biological Station, University of Brasilia Campus. 12. Megachile (Sayapis) frugalis Cresson Megachile frugalis Cresson 1872: 266. Male. Type locality: Texas (G.W. Belfrage). Type repository: USNM 1780. Examined. Megachile (Sayapis) frugalis Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 301. Megachile frugalis atrescens Cockerell 1931: 537. Male. Type locality: Chichenitza, Yucatan [Mexico] (Bequaert). Type repository: MCZ 16264. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1924: 547 (D); 1932: 13 (K as M. frugalis atrescens); Cresson 1916: 119 (T); Frankie et al 1998: 288 (D, F); Friese 1911: 238 (D, R-M); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). DISTRIBUTION. Four subspecies have been recognized, two of which reach the Neotropics. COSTA RICA: GU—Liberia; PU—Monte Verde. GUATEMALA. MEXICO: BC; CO; MO; PU; SO; YU. U.S.A.: AZ and southern CA (Mojave Desert; Los Angeles); CO; FL west to TX & north to NJ & PA. FLOWERS. Andira inermis, Asclepias tuberosa, Croton, Erigeron, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Helianthus, Lotus, Marrubium vulgare, Monarda puncata, Opuntia, Parkinsonia, Perezia microcephala, Tephrosia virginiana, Verbesina encelioides. 13. Megachile (Sayapis) inimica Cresson Megachile inimica Cresson 1872: 267. Female. Type locality: Texas (Belfrage). Type repository: ANSP 2459. Robertson 1897: 350 (R-F) considered M. (Sayapis) inimica Cresson and M. (Sayapis) sayi Cresson to be synonyms. Megachile (Sayapis) inimica Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 301. Megachile (Sayapis) inimica inimica Mitchell 1962: 174–176 (D, F, L, R-FM). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1903b: 215 (D, F); 1905: 308 (D, F); 1905: 308 (D as M. heterodonta); Cresson 1878: 120 (T); 1916: 120 (T); Friese 1911: 239 (D, R-F); Graenicher 1930: 162–163 (D, F, L); Hurd 1979: 2070 (D, F); 1979: 2071 (D, F); Krombein 1967: 332–334 (L, N); 1967: 331–332 (L, N, P); Mitchell 1937c: 189–192 (D, F, L, R—FM); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). DISTRIBUTION. Three subspecies have been recognized, one of which (M. (Sayapis) inimica inimica CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 93 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. reaches the Neotropics. U.S.A.: FL to TX and AZ. MEXICO: GT. GUATEMALA. FLOWERS. Polylectic. Achyranthes, Arctium, Aster, Avicennia, Bidens leucantha, Blephilia, Borrichia frutescens, Brauneria, Cephalanthus, Chrysopsis mariana, Chrysothamnus nauseosus, Cleome, Coccoloba, Crotalaria pumila, Coreopsis stellata, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Gilia, Grindelia camporum, Gutierrezia californica, Haplopappus arborescens, Helenium, Helianthus petiolaris, Heliopsis helianthoides, Heterotheca grandiflora, Kallstroemia grandiflora, Lacinaria punctata, Lepachys, Liatris, Lythrum, Marrubium vulgare, Melilotus alba, Ocimum, Penstemon, Petalostemon [= Dalea], Pycanthanemum, Rudbeckia, Salvia ballotaeflora, Senecio douglasii, Silphium, Solidago, Sphaeralcea, Strophostyles, Teucrium, Verbena macdougali, Verbesina encelioides, Vernonia fasciculata, V. glauca, Vicia, Viguiera, Vitex negundo, Ximenia encelioides, Zexmenia. LIFE CYCLE. In southern Florida adults fly from early February to May and in November. NESTING. Nested in holes in mesquite trees and fence posts. Also uses trap-nests. Lines nest with leaves of Monisia pallida and plugs entrance with agglutinated sand. Frohlich & Parker 1983: 196–197 state that M. inimica inimica does not line its cells. MORTALITY FACTOR. Melittobia chalybii. 14. Megachile (Sayapis) laqueata Cockerell Megachile laqueata Cockerell 1919: 220. Female. Type locality: Ecuador (C.F. Baker). Type repository: USNM 21691. Examined. Megachile (Sayapis) laqueata Cockerell; Raw 2002: 34. DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR. 15. Megachile (Sayapis) mendozana Cockerell Megachile cornuta Smith 1879: 78. Female. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: NHML 17a2459. Examined. (Not Megachile cornuta Latreille 1805 [= Osmia cornuta (Latreille) 1809]. Europe.) Megachile mendozana Cockerell 1907b: 50. Replacement name for M. cornuta Smith. Megachile rhinoceros Friese 1908a: 68. Male. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina (Burmeister). Synonymy of Jörgensen 1912a: 128, Cockerell 1914b: 428 and Durante & Diaz 1996: 331. (Not Megachile rhinoceros Mocsary 1892. China.) Megachile verticalis Friese 1920: 52. Replacement name for M. rhinoceros Friese. Megachile (Sayapis) mendozana Cockerell; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Moure 1943: 176–177 (K). Raw 2002: 33. Eumegachile (Sayapis) mendozana Cockerell; Durante & Diaz 1993: 93; 1996: 331. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1905a: 341 (K as M. cornuta); 1917: 240 (D); 1919: 218 (D); Friese 1906: 97 (D); 1908a: 63, 64 (K); 1911: 266 (D, R-F); Jensen-Haarup 1908: 106 (F as M. rhinoceros); Jörgensen 1909: 215 (F, L as M. rhinoceros); 1912a: 128 (D, F, L), 133 & 135 (K); 1912b: 311 (F); Strand 1909: 234 (D as M. rhinoceros); Vachal 1909: 16 (K as M. rhinoceros). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. ANSP (D); USNM (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: Carcarana; CA—Andalgala; CC—Puerto de las Palmas; CD; LP—Santa Rosa; LR—San Blas (1450 m); ME—Chacras de Coria; MI—Loreto; SE—Rio Salado; SF—Lanteri; SJ— Rinconada Pocito. PARAGUAY. FLOWERS. Anthemis cotula, Bidens leucantha, Circium lanceolatum, Hoffmannseggia falcaria, Hyalis argentea, Senecio mendocinus, S. pinnatus. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly November to mid May. 16. Megachile (Sayapis) mutaticeps Cockerell Megachile mutaticeps Cockerell 1923a: 457–458. Female. Type locality: Berbice, Courantyne Coast, British Guiana, Aug 1915 (Bodkin). Type repository: NHML 17a2436. Examined. Megachile (Ptilosarus) mutaticeps Cockerell; Michener 1954: 103 (D, L). (Erroneous listing.) ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cheesman 1929: 145 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). 94 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Megachile (Sayapis) mutaticeps Raw 2002: 34. DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: YU. PANAMA: PA—Taboga Is. GUYANA: Berbice. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly in September. NESTING. Nested in abandoned borings in timber. 17. Megachile (Sayapis) obdurata Mitchell Megachile obdurata Mitchell 1930: 180–181. Male. Type locality: Villarrica, Paraguay, 1 January 1923. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Sayapis) obdurata Mitchell; Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 144 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: RS. PARAGUAY: GU—Villarrica. 18. Megachile (Sayapis) opsiphanes Moure Megachile (Sayapis) opsiphanes Moure 1943: 179–180. Female. Type locality: Batatais, São Paulo, Brazil (860 m). Type repository: UFPR. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP. 19. Megachile (Sayapis) planula Vachal Megachile planula Vachal 1908: 228. Female. Type locality: Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. (Examined by Durante & Diaz 1993: 99.) Megachile coelioxoides Schrottky 1909a: 220–221. Female ? Type locality: Hohenau, Puerto Beroni, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP. (Examined by Durante & Diaz 1993: 99.) Synonymy of Durante & Diaz 1993: 94. (Not Megachile (Neochelynia) coelioxoides Cresson 1878. Mexico.) Megachile coelioxiformis Schrottky 1910: 540. Replacement name for Megachile coelioxoides Schrottky. Megachile polyodonta Cockerell 1927a: 18. Male. Type locality: Huachi, Beni, Bolivia, September (W. M. Mann). Type repository: USNM 29086. Examined. Synonymy of Moure 1948: 323 (D). Megachile (Sayapis) coelioxiformis Schrottky; Mitchell 1943: 664. Eumegachile (Sayapis) coelioxiformis Schrottky; Mitchell 1980: 46 Eumegachile (Sayapis) planula Vachal; Durante & Diaz 1993: 93–100 (C, D, R-F M, T). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Durante & Diaz 1996: 331 (D, T); Mitchell 1930: 282 (D); Moure 1942: 312 (D, R-M as M. coelioxiformis); 1948: 323 (D); 1953: 122 (D as M. coelioxiformis); Raw 2002: 34 (T); Schrottky 1913a: 142 & 150 (K), 180–181 (D, R-FM); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. MZSP (D); RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CA—Lan Viñas; ER—Pronunciamento; JU—San Lorenzo; MI—Loreto, Puerto Iguazú; TU—Tacanas. BOLIVIA: EB—Huachi; LP—Mapirí. BRAZIL: AC—Iquirí; MS—Corumbá; MS; MT—Chapada dos Guimarães, Salobra; PR—Foz de Iguaçú; RO—Guajará-Mirim. PARAGUAY: AP— Puerto Bertoni; GU—Villarrica; IT—Hohenau; Parabay. PERU. 20. Megachile (Sayapis) policaris Say Megachile policaris Say 1831: 17. Female. Type locality: U.S.A. Type repository unknown. Megachile pollicaris Say 1837: 406. Male. [Emendation. ] Megachile grandis Cresson 1872: 268. Female. Type locality: Texas. Type repository: ANSP 2457. Synonymy of Dalla Torre 1896: 444. (Not Megachile grandis Lepeletier 1841. Patria ? Friese 1911: 325.) (Not Megachile grandis Provancher 1882 [= M. (Xanthosarus) frigida Smith 1853]. North America.) (Not Megachile grandis Rayment 1934 [= Chalicodoma (Hackeriapis) clypeata (Smith 1853)]. Synonymy of Michener 1965: 197–198. Australia.) Megachile pollicaris var. pereximia Cockerell 1900: 12. Male. Type locality: Beulah, New Mexico, 30 May at wild plum (W. Porter). Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2071 (D, F). Megachile vallorum Cockerell 1900: 18. Female. Type locality: Las Cruces, Mesilla or Socorro, New Mexico. Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Cockerell 1914b: 430 and Mitchell 1937c: 197. Ceratias pollicaris Robertson 1903: 172. Megachile pollicaris pereximia Cockerell 1906b: 307. New status. Megachile pereximia Cockerell 1914b: 430. Megachile (Sayapis) pollicaris Say; Mitchell 1934: 301. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 95 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Eumegachile (Sayapis) pollicaris Say; Mitchell 1980: 10. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Many citations are under the emendation of M. pollicaris. Baker 1975: 657 (M); Baker, Kuhn and Bambara 1985: 305–308 (L, N as Eumegachile (Sayapis) pollicaris); Cockerell 1914b: 430–431 (F); 1932: 13 (K as M. pollicaris pereximia); Cresson 1872: 264 (D); 1878: 120 (T); 1916: 120 (T as M. grandis); Friese 1911: 244 (D, R-F); Graenicher 1930: 162 (D, F, L); Grant & Hurd 1979: 20 (F); Krombein 1967: 334–337 (L, M, N); Hurd & Linsley 1975: 38 (F); Mitchell 1937c: 197–200 (D, F, L, R—FM); 1962: 176–179 (D, F, L, R-FM); 1973: 63 (M); Smith 1853: 189 (D); Viereck 1902: 49 (D, F, L as M. pollicaris var. pereximia). DISTRIBUTION. U.S.A.: AZ; CA; CO; FL; KS; LA; NE; NM; OK; TX. MEXICO: GU; YU—Chichenitza, San Marcos Island, S. Nicolas Bay. FLOWERS. Polylectic, visits 31 genera. Acacia, Amorpha fruticosa, Asclepias, Baccharis, Bidens, Brauneria pallida, Chrysothamnus, Condalia, Coreopsis lanceolata, Croton californicus, Encelia californica, Erigeron inflatum, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Haplopappus acradenius, Helianthus, Larrea tridentata, Melilotus, Oenothera, Opuntia, Palafoxia linearis, Petalostemon [= Dalea], Salsola, Salvia ballotaeflora, Senecio douglasii, Silphium, Solidago, Tamarix, Verbena, Verbesina encelioides, Vernonia blodgettii, Viguiera multiflora. [See Cockerell 1914b: 430–431.] In some localities the bees use only pollen of Prosopis. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly from late May to October in Much of its range and from March in the south. Commonly more than one egg laid per provision and larvae live together in a single brood cell, but sometimes partitions separate individual cells. The larva and pupa are described. NESTING. Nested in tunnels (diameters 8.0–9.5 mm) in adobe walls and wood and in trap-nests. Used leaflets of Eysenhardtia polystachya, Mimosa biuncifera and Prosopis to plug nest entrance. MORTALITY FACTORS. Coelioxys texana, Leucospis affinis, Melittobia chalybii, Pyemotes ventricosus. TAXONOMY. Comparison with M. inimica sayi and M. pugnata. 21. Megachile (Sayapis) quadrispinosella Strand Megachile quadrispinosella Strand 1910: 526–527. Female. Type locality: Asuncion, Paraguay, November–December 1904. Type repository unknown. Megachile (Sayapis) quadrispinosella Strand; Raw 2002: 34. DISTRIBUTION. PARAGUAY: CE—Asuncion. 22. Megachile (Sayapis) santiaguensis Durante Eumegachile (Sayapis) santiaguensis Durante 1996: 334–336. Female. Type locality: Bompland, Misiones, Argentina, 2. 2. 1911 (Jörgensen ). Type repository: MLP. Megachile (Sayapis) santiaguensis Durante; Raw 2002: 34. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME—Barbhollón; MI—Loreto; SE—Termas de Rio Hondo; SJ. 23. Megachile (Sayapis) squalens Haliday Megachile squalens Haliday 1836: 320. Female. Type locality: São Paulo, Brazil. Type repository: NHML 17a2477. Examined. Schrottky (1913a: 195) and Mitchell (1930: 240) considered M. (Moureapis) apicipennis (q.v.) Schrottky to be a synonym. Megachile (Leptorachis) squalens Haliday; Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Pseudocentron) squalens Haliday; Moure 1947: 231–232 (D). Megachile (Sayapis) squalens Haliday; Raw 2002: 34. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1911: 274 (R-F); Cockerell 1923a: 457–8 (T); Moreti & Marchini 1992: 25 (D, F); Michener 1954: 100 (D, L); Moure 1942: 309 (D); 1948: 323 (D); Schrottky 1913a: 195–197 (D, R-F); Smith 1853: 184 (D). 96 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ST—Rio Carapari; TU—Tacanas. BRAZIL: MT—Chapada dos Guimarães; RS; SC—Colônia Hansa; SP—Guaicurú, Ipiranga. PANAMA: CO—Valle de Anton. PARAGUAY: CA—Tapyta. FLOWER. Helianthus annuus. LIFE CYCLE. In Panamá adults fly in April. 24. Megachile (Sayapis) suspecta Vachal Megachile suspecta Vachal 1909: 12–13. Male. Type locality: Buenos Aires [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Sayapis) suspecta Vachal; Raw 2002: 35. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF. 25. Megachile (Sayapis) ypiranguensis Schrottky Megachile ypiranguensis Schrottky 1913a: 194–195. Female. Type locality: Ipiranga, São Paulo [Brazil]. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile (Sayapis) ypirangensis Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Raw 2002: 35. Eumegachile (Sayapis) ypiranguensis Schrottky; Durante & Diaz 1993: 93; 1996: 330–331. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: DF; CA; CD—Quilino; MI—Loreto; LR—Patquia; SE—San Gregorio; TU—El Dique Cadillál (750 m), San Pedro de Cololao. BRAZIL: SP—Ipiranga. 26. Megachile (Sayapis) zaptlana Cresson Megachile zaptlana Cresson 1878: 130. Female. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2436. Examined. Megachile (Sayapis) zaptlana Cresson; Mitchell 1934: 301. Megachile (Chelostomoides) zaptlana Cresson; Michener 1953: 1058–1059 (A, D, N). Eumegachile (Sayapis) zaptlana Cresson; Durante & Diaz 1993: 93. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cheesman 1929: 145 (D); Cockerell 1899: 11 (D); Cresson 1916: 134 (T); Frankie et al 1998: 288 (D, F); Friese 1911: 260 (D, R-M); Genaro 2007: 250 (D); Jayasingh & Freeman 1980: 215–216 (M, N); Michener 1954: 102 (D, L); Mitchell 1930: 184 (D); Raw 1984b: 502 (L, M, N); 1985: 2–13 (A, D, F, M, N). ANATOMY. Larva described. DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: MA—Rio Frio. COSTA RICA: GU—Liberia; PU—Monte Verde. JAMAICA: CA; CL; EL; MA; a lowland species. MEXICO: CH; JA; NA; MI; OA; PU; QR; SI; SO; VC. PANAMA: PA—Camaron, Patilla Point; Taboga Is; VE—Farfan. PARAGUAY: GU—Villarrica. FLOWERS. Andira inermis, Bidens pilosa, Cassia emarginata, Cosmos sulphurea, Prosopis chilensis, Emilia, Heliotropium. LIFE CYCLE. Adults fly from September to March in Panama and from June to November (Jamaica). Males fly around nest sites and flowers of Bidens pilosa apparently searching for females. MORTALITY FACTORS. In Jamaica, mortality of young in nests ranged from 28% in the presence of Anthrax irroratus to 58% in the presence of Melittobia sp. nr. hawaiiensis. Other mortality factors in Jamaica are Amobia floridensis, Suidasia and Crematogaster. Nasutitermes also kills the nest occupants. NESTING. In Jamaica bees nested in disused beetle burrows (129 nests found in a single fence post). Nests averaged 5.7 cells each and cells averaged 19.9 mm long and 9.8 mm wide. Intercellular partitions were built, but the long walls of the cells were not lined. In Panamá nested in mound of Amitermes foreli Wasmann [cited as A. medius]. Subgenus Schrottkyapis Mitchell Eumegachile (Schrottkyapis) Mitchell 1980: 46. Type species: Megachile assumptionis Schrottky 1908. Original designation and monotypy. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 97 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. The subgenus comprises a single species. Megachile (Schrottkyapis) assumptionis Schrottky Megachile assumptionis Schrottky 1908 (April): 233. Female and male. Type locality: Asuncion, Paraguay, 22 January 1906 (Anisits). Type repository: MZSP ? Megachile armigera Friese 1908a (May): 69. Female. Type locality: Villa Rica, Paraguay (Burgdorf). Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Schrottky 1913a: 153. Megachile (Sayapis) assumptionis Schrottky; Mitchell 1943b: 664. Eumegachile (Schrottkyapis) assumptionis Schrottky; Mitchell 1980: 46. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Almeida et al 1997: 344–352 (F, L, N); Antonini & Martins 2003: 570 (D); Friese 1908a 63 (K); Martins & Almeida 1994: 759–765 (N); Schrottky 1913a: 136 & 146 (K), 153 (D, RFM, T); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D); Strand 1910: 524–5 (D, R-M). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D); UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF—Cabeça de Veado; MG—Belo Horizonte, Passos. PARAGUAY: CE— Asuncion; GU—Villarrica. FLOWERS. Vernonia rubriramea, Waltheria americana. LIFE CYCLE. Males searched for females at nest sites and flowers. Mating occurred at both sites. Both males and females mated more than once throughout the nesting period. Marking bees suggested adult males live longer than females. Bivoltine: adults active April & May, July & August. Prepupae dormant October– January. Developmental mortality 45% and 50%. NESTING. Nested only in vertical, single-celled burrows of Ptilothrix plumata Smith. Chewed leaves lined the cell wall and most of the access tunnel was filled with leaf discs and the upper part filled with mud and pebbles. Subgenus Stelodides Moure Megachile (Stelodides) Moure 1953: 123–124. Type species: Megachile euzona Pèrez 1899. Original designation and monotypy. Chalicodoma (Stelodides) Michener 1962: 20. Chrysosarus (Stelodides) Mitchell 1980: 72. The subgenus comprises a single Chilean species. Megachile (Stelodides) euzona Pèrez Megachile euzona Pèrez 1899: 105–106. Male. Type locality: Valparaiso, Chile (M. Porter). Type repository: MNHN. Megachile philippi Friese 1905: 139–140. Sex not indicated. Type locality: Santiago, Chile (Philippi). Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Vachal 1909: 8. Anthidium euzona Pèrez; Friese 1925: 42. Anthidium philippi Friese 1925: 42. Megachile (Stelodides) euzona Pèrez; Moure 1953: 124 (D). Chrysosarus (Stelodides) euzona Pèrez; Mitchell 1980: 72. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Claude-Joseph 1926: 254–255 (A, F, L, N); Toro 1986: 127 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. PACKER (D). ANATOMY. Larva described. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: CB—Trevellin; CHILE: BO—Las Cabras; NU – Termas de Chillan; SA— San Bernardo; VP—Limache; Hacienda Las Mercedes; Pemehue (1650m). FLOWERS. Alstroemeria, Cichorium intybus, Hibiscus, Medicago sativa. LIFE CYCLE. Development lasts six weeks. Adults fly in November and December. NESTING. Nested in old beetle galleries in wood. Cells constructed of petals cut from Althaea rosea, Clarkia pulchella and Lavatera grandiflora. 98 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Subgenus Trichurochile Mitchell Cressoniella (Trichurochile) Mitchell 1980: 63. Type species: Megachile thygaterella Schrottky 1913a. Original designation and monotypy. Megachile (Trichurochile) Michener 2000: 566. The three members of this subgenus range from northern Argentina to central Brazil. 1. Megachile (Trichurochile) gracilis Schrottky Megachile gracilis Schrottky 1902: 435–436. Female. Type locality: Jundiay [=Jundiaí], São Paulo, 28 January 1900 (Beron). Type repository: MZSP. Examined. [Type missing fore tibiae and tarsi, right mid tibia and tarsi and left hind tarsi.] Megachile (Trichurochile) gracilis Schrottky; Raw 2002: 35. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Andena et al 2005: 63 (D, F); Ihering 1904: 470 (N); Schrottky 1913a: 138 (K), 164 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG; SP—Corumbataí. FLOWERS. Eupatorium barbacense, Solanum gemellum, Styrax camporum. NESTING. Nest lined with cut leaves. The cell is 12 mm long and 5 mm wide. 2. Megachile (Trichurochile) lachnopyga Moure Megachile lachnopyga Moure 1941: 94–96. Male. Type locality: Curitiba (900 m), Paraná [Brazil]. Type repository: Claretiano collection. Megachile lachnopyga var. langei Moure 1941: 96. Male. Type locality: Rio Baraguí, Curitiba, Paraná (Rodolfo Lange). Type repository: Claretiano collection. Synonymy of Moure 1943: 186. Megachile (Trichurochile) lachnopyga Moure; Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PR—Curitiba; SP. 3. Megachile (Trichurochile) thygaterella Schrottky Megachile thygaterella Schrottky 1913a: 220–221. Male. Type locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile anthidioides Schrottky 1919 (in part). Synonymy of Moure 1943: 186. Cressoniella (Trichurochile) thygaterella Schrottky; Mitchell 1980: 63. Megachile (Trichurochile) thygaterella Schrottky; Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D); RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF—Brasilia; Cabeça de Veado; SP. PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni. PERU. Subgenus Tylomegachile Mitchell Megachile (Tylomegachile) Moure 1953: 120–121. Type species: Megachile orba Schrottky 1913a. Original designation and monotypy. Michener et al 1994: 149, Michener 2000: 566. Cressoniella (Tylomegachile) Mitchell 1980: 63. The six species at present included in the subgenus are recorded from widespread localities: Mexico, Costa Rica, St. Vincent (West Indies), Colombia, Peru and Paraguay. 1. Megachile (Tylomegachile) eulaliae Cockerell Megachile eulaliae Cockerell 1919a: 218–219. Female. Type locality: Santa Eulalia, Peru, 18 January 1913 (C. H. T. Townsend). Type repository: USNM 21689. Examined. Megachile (Tylomegachile) eulaliae Cockerell; Raw 2002: 35. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1917: 239 (K). DISTRIBUTION. PERU: LI—Santa Eulalia. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 99 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 2. Megachile (Tylomegachile) hamata Mitchell Megachile hamata Mitchell 1930: 295–296. Female. Type locality: Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia, 26 December 1926 (Salt). Type repository: NHML 17a2472. Examined. Megachile (Tylomegachile) hamata Mitchell; Raw 2002: 35. DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: MA—Rio Frio, Santa Marta. FLOWER. Machaerium humboldtianum. 3. Megachile (Tylomegachile) orba Schrottky Megachile orba Schrottky 1913a: 214. Male. Type locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile pseudocoelioxys Schrottky 1920: 28–29. Female. Type locality: Franca, São Paulo state, Brazil, January 1903. Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Synonymy of Moure 1953: 121. Megachile nuda Mitchell 1930: 296–296. Female. Type locality: Pedra Branca, Brazil. Type repository: ANSP 4130. Synonymy of Moure 1953: 121. (Not Megachile nuda Rayment 1935 [= Chalicodoma (Hackeriapis) nuda]. Designation of Michener 1965: 198. Australia.) Megachile (Tylomegachile) orba Schrottky; Moure 1953: 121. Megachile (Ptilosarus) orba Schrottky; Michener 1954: 102 (D, F, L). (Erroneous listing.) Cressoniella (Tylomegachile) orba Schrottky; Mitchell 1980: 63. Tylomegachile orba Schrottky; Bortoli & Laroca 1997: 62 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Barbola & Laroca 1990: 95 (D); Gonçalves & Melo 2005: 569 (D, F); Mitchell 1930: 255 (D, F); Morgano et al 1992: 1172 (D, F); Rebêlo et al 2003 (D); Silveira et al 2002: 214 (D); Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 144 (D); Zanella 2000: 591 (D); 2003: 234 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D, F). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: MI—Iguazú. BOLIVIA: SC—Buena Vista. BRAZIL: BA—Salvador; DF—Brasilia, Cabeça de Veado; GO—Goias; MA—Barreirinhas; MG; MS—Corumbá, Pedra Branca; MT— Bodoquena, Camisão, Chapada dos Guimarães; PR—Curitiba, Guarapuava, Iguaçú, Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Reserva Passa Dois; RN—Serra Negra do Norte; RS; SP—Batatais, Franca (MZSP), Guarulhos, Onda Verde, Rio Claro, São Paulo. COLOMBIA: MA—Rio Frio. PANAMA: PA—Juan Mina. PARAGUAY: AP—Puerto Bertoni. PERU: HU—Tingo Maria (670 m). FLOWERS. Cassia, Cornuta grandiflora, Eriosema floribundum, E. glabrum, Helianthus annuus, Ipomoea delphinoides, Machaerium humboldtiarum. LIFE CYCLE. In Panamá adults fly in June. 4. Megachile (Tylomegachile) simplicipes Friese Megachile nigrolateralis Cockerell 1919: 217–218. Female. Type locality: Mexico (Baker). Type repository: USNM 21688. Synonymy of Mitchell 1930: 295. (Not Megachile lachesis nigrolateralis Cockerell 1914a [= Creightonella lachesis (Smith) 1861]. Phillippines.) Megachile simplicipes Friese 1921: 93. Sex not indicated. Type locality: San José, Costa Rica, 1913 (Schmidt). Type repository unknown. Cressoniella (Tylomegachile) simplicipes Friese; Mitchell 1980: 63. Megachile (Tylomegachile) simplicipes Friese; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1949: 450 (D, L) Mitchell 1030: 297 (T as M. nuda). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. NHML (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: CH; JA; MO; NA; OA; SI. COSTA RICA. GUATEMALA: San Geronimo. HONDURAS: Zomorano. LIFE CYCLE. January to July. 5. Megachile (Tylomegachile) toluca Cresson Megachile toluca Cresson 1878: 129. Male. Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2432. Megachile (Tylomegachile) toluca Cresson; Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1899: 11 (D); Cresson 1916: 132 (T); Frankie et al 1998: 288 (D, F); Friese 1911: 259 (D, R-M); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). 100 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA: GU—Liberia; PU—Monte Verde. MEXICO: JA; DF; MO; NA; OA; PU; SO; VC. FLOWER. Andira inermis. 6. Megachile (Tylomegachile) tridentata Ashmead Megachile tridentata Ashmead 1900: 213. Male. Type locality: St. Vincent, [West Indies]. Type repository: NHML 17a2424. Examined. Megachile (Tylomegachile) tridentata Ashmead; Raw 2002: 35. Ashmead (1900) states he is "not certain whether it was taken on this island or on Grenada." ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ashmead 1900: 302 (D); Friese 1908b: 38 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ST. VINCENT. Subgenus Xanthosarus Robertson Megachile (Xanthosarus) Robertson 1903: 168. Type species: Megachile latimanus Say 1823. Monotypic and original designation. Mitchell 1936: 120–122. Sandhouse 1943: 607. Megachile (Delomegachile Viereck 1916: 745. Type species: Megachile vidua Smith 1853 [= M. frigida Smith] [= M. latimanus Say]. Mitchell 1935b: 175–176. Megachile (Phaenosarus) Mitchell 1934: 303, 309. Type species: Megachile fortis Cresson 1872. Original designation. Mitchell 1936: 139–140. Sandhouse 1943: 587. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 567. Megachiloides (Phaenosarus) Mitchell 1980: 40. Cressoniella (Orientocressoniella) Gupta 1993: 165. Type species Megachile relata Smith 1979, by original designation. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 567. The subgenus is holarctic, its range stretches across North Amercia and Eurasia to Japan (Michener 2000: 567). The subgenus comprises some 40 species; 15 in North America (Hurd 1979) and about 25 in Eurasia as Far East as Japan (Hirashima & Maeta 1974, Marikovskaya 1984, Wu 2005, 2006, Ascher 2007). Three of the North American species reach tropical parts of Mexico and one to Puerto Rico. 1. Megachile (Xanthosarus) agustini Cockerell Megachile agustini Cockerell 1905c: 82–83. Male. Type locality: Pecos, New Mexico, 30 August 1903 (Cockerell). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. ("Named after Agustin Pecos, the only surviving member of the Pecos tribe of Indians." Cockerell op. cit.) Megachile (Phaenosarus) agustini Cockerell; Mitchell 1936: 141–143 (D, F, L, R-FM). Megachile (Phaenosarus) subfortis Mitchell 1936: 145–147. Male. Type locality: Douglas, Arizona, 20 Aug 1933 (W.W. Jones). Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2061 (D, F). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (as M. subfortis); Cockerell 1906a: 308 (D); YáñezOrdóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188. DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: CH; JA; MX; OA; SO. U.S.A.: AZ; CA; CO; GT; IL; LA; NM; SD; UT. FLOWERS. Baileya, Helianthus, Heterotheca, Verbesina, Viguiera, Zexmenia. 2. Megachile (Xanthosarus) cochisiana Mitchell Megachile (Xanthosarus) cochisiana Mitchell 1934: 313–314. Male. Type locality: Hereford, Cochise County, Arizona (W. M. Mann). Type repository: USNM 40570. Megachile pallidiana Mitchell 1934: 314–315. Female. Type locality: Albuquerque, New Mexico, August 1894 (Snow). Type repository: Cornell. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2067 (D, F). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Mitchell 1936: 123–124 (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: GO; JA. U.S.A.: AZ; CA; NM; NV. FLOWERS. Cercidium, Lotus, Medicago sativa. NESTING. Cut grape leaves to line nest. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 101 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. 3. Megachile (Xanthosarus) comata Cresson Megachile comata Cresson 1872: 262–263. Male. Type locality: Texas (Belfrage). Type repository: USNM 1776. Megachile texana Cockerell 1898. Female. Type locality: Guadalajara, Mexico (McClendon). Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Mitchell 1936: 124. Megachile (Xanthosarus) comata Cresson; Mitchell 1936: 124–127 (D, F, L, R-FM). Megachile paratexana Mitchell 1930: 226–227. Female. Type locality: Guadalajara, Mexico (McClendon). Type repository unknown. Synonymy of Mitchell 1936: 124. Megachile armata Smith 1879: 80–81. Male. Type locality: Oaxaca, Mexico. Type repository: BMNH 17a2433. Synonymy of Hurd 1979: 2067 (D, F). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D); Cockerell 1898a: 128–129 (D, F, K); 1898b: 65 (K); 1899: 11 (D as M. armata); 1905a: 340 (K as M. armata); 1915b: 532 (D, R-F); Cresson 1916: 115 (T); Friese 1911: 235–6 (D, R-M); Friese 1911: 256 (D, R-F as M. armata); Yáñez-Ordóñez & Hinojosa-Díaz 2004: 188 (D). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. Ascher 2007 (D). FLOWERS. Asclepias, Gilia, Lotus, Marrubium vulgare, Phacelia, Senecio. DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: JA; DF; OA; PU. PUERTO RICO: Coamo Springs. U.S.A.: AZ; CA; CO; KS, NM; TX. Subgenus Zonomegachile Mitchell Chrysosarus (Zonomegachile) Mitchell 1980: 72. Type species Megachile mariannae Dalla Torre 1896: 438. Original designation and monotypy. Megachile (Zonomegachile) Michener 2000: 568. This subgenus is difficult to associate with any other, though it bears some similarities with Chrysosarus. Two species are Amazonian and one is from the cerrados of central Brazil. 1. Megachile (Zonomegachile) gigas Schrottky Megachile gigas Schrottky 1908: 235–236. Female. Type locality: São Paulo State, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile (Acentron) gigas Schrottky; Moure 1948: 332–334 (R–M). Megachile (Zonomegachile) gigas Schrottky; Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Moure 1948: 332–4 (D, K, R-M); Schrottky 1913a: 139 (K), 167 (D, R-F). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D); UFPR (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF—Brasilia North Peninsula; MG—Cassia, Passos; PR—Piangui; SP— Batatais. 2. Megachile (Zonomegachile) moderata Smith Megachile moderata Smith 1879: 74. Female. Type locality: Ega [= Tefé, AM, Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2430. Examined. Megachile mariannae Dalla Torre 1896: 438. Replacement name proposed in error for M. moderata Smith 1853. Chrysosarus (Zonomegachile) mariannae Dalla Torre; Mitchell 1980: 72. Megachile (Zonomegachile) moderata Smith; Raw 2002: 37. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1927a: 13, 15 (D, K as M. mariannae); Friese 1911: 268 (D, R-F as M. mariannae). ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RASMUSSEN (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: EB. BRAZIL: AM—Tefé. PERU. 3. Megachile (Zonomegachile) nigribarbis Vachal Megachile nigribarbis Vachal 1909: 6. Male. Type locality: Matto Grosso, Brésil. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Megachile (Zonomegachile) nigribarbis Vachal; Raw 2002: 37. M. nigribarbis may prove to be the male of M. moderata. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. RAW (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT; RO—Guajara-Mirim, Surui Reserve. 102 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Fossil species Megachile (Chalicodomopsis) glaesaria Engel Megachile (Chalicodomopsis) glaesaria Engel 1999: 4–7. Female. Type locality: Fossil from Miocene amber of Dominican Republic. Type repository: Morone collection, Turin, Italy. Species of Megachile placed erroneously in Neotropical subgenera Megachile (Callomegachile) disjuncta (Fabricius) Apis disjuncta Fabricius 1781: 481. Type locality: Am. Mer. Ins. [West Indies]. Type repository unknown. Lieftinck (1958) stated "Dr. Tuxen informed me in his letter dated 7th March, 1956, that according to an old marginal note written in the Museum copy of the Systema Piezatorum, the original locality of disjuncta "in Amer.merid.Insulis" is erroneous and should be altered into " Ind.or. and China". (P. Hartmann, pers. comm.). Chalicodoma (Callomegachile) disjuncta Pasteels 1965: 467–468 (D, R-FM). Michener 1965: 191. Megachile (Pseudomegachile) disjuncta Raw 2002: 6. M. disjuncta is an Asian species, introduced to Africa. Apparently it has never been found in the West Indies and the record from the region is an error (J. Genaro, pers. comm. March 2007). Megachile (Chalicodoma) muraria var. variabilis Friese Megachile (Chalicodoma) muraria var. variabilis Friese 1920: 51. Type locality: Tunisia. Type repository: MNHU. (Not Chalicodoma (Hackeriapis) variabilis King 1994. Australia). Megachile (Dasymegachile) variabilis Friese; Toro 1986: 127. Lapsus calumni. Toro included this name in his list (and so was listed by Durante et al 2006: 791–802). However, to my knowledge, the name variabilis has never been used for any member of the genus in the Americas. New World bees placed erroneously in Megachile Centris analis (Fabricius) Apis analis Fabricius 1775: 384. Type locality: South America. Anthophora analis Fabricius 1804: 375. Megachile analis Dalla Torre 1896: 419; Friese 1911: 273. (Not Megachile analis Nylander 1852. Replacement name for Megachile apicalis Nylander 1848. Northern Europe and the Alps.) (Not Megachile (Eutricharaea) apicalis Spinola 1808. South Central Asia.) Trichothurgus dubius (Sichel) Megachile dubia Sichel 1867: 150. Type locality: Chile. Lithurgus dubius Vachal 1904: 11. Megachile dubia Friese 1911: 272 (D, R-F). Trichothurgus dubius Moure 1949: 271. Trichothurgus herbsti (Friese) Megachile herbsti Friese 1905: 138. Female. Type locality: Rancagua, Chile, December 1903 (P. Herbst). Lithurgus muticus Herbst 1918: 176. Synonymy of Moure 1949: 274. Trichothurgus herbsti Friese; Moure 1949: 274–277. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 103 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Nomina nuda Subgenera 1. Megachile (Leptotridinia) Andena et al 2005: 63. Leptotridinia is a nomen nudum. 2. Megachile (Willinkella) anthidioides Radoschowsky Laroca et al 1982: 98. Willinkella is a nomen nudum. 3. Megachile (Prionepistoma) verrucosa Brèthes. Prionepistoma is a nomen nudum (Silveira et al 2002: 204). Megachile (Prionepistona) tuberculifera Schrottky; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143 (misspelling). Prionepistoma is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). 4. Megachile (Rhysochile) cfr. cara Morato & Campos 2000; Morato 2001. Rhysochile is a nomen nudum. 5. Megachile (Acentrina) apicipennis Schrottky; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143. Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). Megachile (Acentrina) bernardina Schrottky; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143. Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). Megachile (Acentrina) lentifera Vachal; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143. Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). Megachile (Acentrina) limae Schrottky; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143. Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). Megachile (Acentrina) moureana Mitchell 1930; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143. Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). Megachile (Acentrina) nigropilosa Vachal; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143. Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). Megachile (Acentrina) pampeana Vachal; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143. Acentrina is a nomem nudum (Silveira et al 2002. 204). Species 6. Megachile (Leptorachis) atritegulis Moure ms in Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143. 7. Megachile (Litomegachile) buchwaldi Mitchell 1943b: 662. Type locality: Callanga, Peru. Type repository unknown. This is an unusual situation. Not only is the bee greatly separated geographically from its consubgeners, but also Professor Mitchell (op. cit.) cited the name as “Megachile buchwaldi (anon)”. He gave no indication of a description having been published nor a type selected. 8. Megachile costalis Pérez (in Dominique) 1898: 65. 9. Megachile fuliginata Pérez (in Dominique) 1898: 61. 10. Megachile (Moureapis) moureana Mitchell 1930; Silveira et al 2002: 213; Viana & Alves Santos 2002: 143. 11. Megachile valdiviana Delfin 1900: 20. Acknowledgements A major part of this investigation was made possible with an award from the Royal Society of London, which allowed me to spend a sabbatical at the University of Oxford. Visits to the British Museum (Natural History) were made possible with grants from the British Council and the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas [CNPq [Brazilian National Research Council]. CNPq also financed my visits to the Universidade Federal do Paraná in Curitiba, and the Museu Nacional and Instituto Osvaldo Cruz, both in Rio de Janeiro. The Smithsonian 104 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Institution provided a research grant to visit the National Collection in Washington and also the collections in the American Museum of Natural History, New York and the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. I am sincerely grateful to these Institutions for their support. I thank the following entomologists who have provided me with specimens which have been invaluable for this work: Mr M. C. Day and Mr G. R. Else, British Museum (Natural History), London; Mr C. O'Toole, University Museum, Oxford, England; Dr R. M. McGinley, Smithsonian Institution; Dr J. R. Rozen of the American Museum of Natural History, New York; Dr G. E. Bohart and Dr T. L. Griswold, Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, U.S.D.A., Logan, Utah, U.S.A.; Dr D. Roubik, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama and Padre Jesus Santiago Moure of the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba. Dr C. Villemont of the Musée National de Histoire Naturelle, Paris kindly delivered by hand many of the types of Vachal. I thank especially Dr J. S. Ascher of the American Museum of Natural History, New York; Dr S. Durante, Museo de La Plata, Argentina and Mr Claus Rasmussen, Department of Entomology, University of Illinois who kindly provided important information on specimens and localities. Dr V. O. Becker of Brasilia has been of great help in unravelling taxonomic questions. Mr C. O'Toole of the Oxford University Museum has been of great help. Since the catalogue has been made accessible on the World Wide Web (Raw 2007), various colleagues have provided additional information. I thank Dr J. Genaro of York University, Toronto, Canada and Dr P. Hartmann, University of Bayreuth for their comments. Sr. Luis Alberto Motta, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus kindly checked the table of plant names. References Aguiar, C. M. L. (2003) Utilização de recursos florais por abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) em uma área de caatinga (Itatim, Bahia, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 204, 457–467. Aguiar, C. M. L., Garófalo, C. A., & Almeida, G. F. (2005) Trap-nesting bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in areas of dry semideciduous forest and caatinga, Bahia, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22, 1030–1038. Aguiar, A. J. C. & Martins, C. F. 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(Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 39 (3–4), 527–533. Zanella, F.C. . (2000) The bees of the caatinga (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apiformes): a species list and comparative notes regarding their distribution. Apidologie, 31, 579–592. Zanella, F.C.V. (2003) Abelhas da Estação do Seridó (Serra Negra do Norte, RN): aportes ao conhecimento da diversidade, abundância e distribuição espacial das espécies da caatinga. In: G. A. R. Melo & I. Alves-dos-Santos (Eds), Apoidea Neotropica: Homenagem aos 90 Anos de Jesus Santiago Moure. Editora Universidad do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, Santa Satarina, Brazil, pp. 231–240. Zanella, F.C.V. (2005) Abelhas da Ilha do Mel: estrutura da comunidade, relações biogeográficas e variação sazonal. In: M. C. M. Marques & R. M. de Britez (Eds), Historia natural e conservação da Ilha de Mel, Editora UFRA, Curitiba, pp. 189–208. Zillikens, A. & Steiner, J. (2004) Nest architecture, life cycle and cleptoparasite of the neotropical leaf-cutting bee Megachile (Chrysosarus) pseudanthidioides Moure (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 77, 193–202. CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 119 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. TABLE 1. The numbers of species recorded in the 28 subgenera of Megachile present in the Neotropics. Subgenus Total neotropical species Acentron 23 Argyropile 2 Austromegachile 37 Austrosarus 3 Callomegachile 3 Chaetochile 1 Chelostomoides 17 Chrysosarus 56 Cressoniella 21 Dasymegachile 18 Eutricharaea 4 Gronoceras 1 Leptorachis 42 Melanosarus 10 Moureapis 30 Neochelynia 20 Pseudocentron 67 Pseudomegachile 1 Ptilosaroides 2 Ptilosarus 15 Rhyssomegachile 3 Sayapis 26 Schrottkyapis 1 Stelodides 1 Trichurochile 3 Tylomegachile 6 Xanthosarus 3 Zonomegachile 3 Total 419 120 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. TABLE 2. The 64 mortality factors recorded attacking 25 species of Neotropical Megachile. Hymenoptera Diptera Megachilidae Coelioxys assumptionis Bombyliidae Anthrax cintalapa Megachilidae Coelioxys funeraria Bombyliidae Anthrax irroratus Megachilidae Coelioxys gilensis Phoridae Phalacrotophora Megachilidae Coelioxys inconspicuum Sarcophagidae Amobia floridensis Megachilidae Coelioxys laudabilis Megachilidae Coelioxys litoralis Coleoptera Megachilidae Coelioxys moesta Cleridae Trichodes ornatus Megachilidae Coelioxys novomexicana Dermestidae undetermined Megachilidae Coelioxys octodentata Dermestidae Anthrenus verbasci Megachilidae Coelioxys rufocaudata Dermestidae Attagenus piceus Megachilidae Coelioxys sodalis Dermestidae Trogoderma glabrum Megachilidae Coelioxys texana Dermestidae Trogoderma granarium Megachilidae Stelis (Pavostelis) montana Dermestidae Trogoderma inclusum Megachilidae Stelis costaricensis. Dermestidae Trogoderma simplex Eulophidae Melittobia acasta Dermestidae Trogoderma sternale Eulophidae Melittobia chalybii Dermestidae Trogoderma variabile Eulophidae Melittobia hawaiiensis Laemophloeidae Cryptolestes ferrugineus Eulophidae Melittobia sp. nr. hawaiiensis Meloidae undetermined Eulophidae Monodontomerus montivagus Meloidae Nemognatha lurida Eulophidae Monodontomerus obscurus Meloidae Nemognatha lutea Eulophidae Tetrasticus albipes Meloidae Nemognatha occupata Eulophidae Tetrasticus megachilidis Tenebrionidae Tenebrioides mauritanicus Pteromalidae Pteromalus venustus Tenebrionidae Trilobium audax Pteromalidae Ptinus californicus Tenebrionidae Trilobium brevicornis Pteromalidae Dibrachys cavus Pteromalidae Dibrachys maculipennis Lepidoptera Chrysididae Chrysis insularis Moth Vitula edmandsae Leucopsidae Leucopsis hoopei Pyralidae Plodia interpunctella Leucopsidae Leucospis affinis Leucopsidae Leucospis poeyi Isoptera Sapygidae Sapyga pumila Termitidae Eurytomidae undetermined Ichneumonidae Macrogrotea gayi Acarina Ichneumonidae Theronia Suidasiidae Suidasia mites Ichneumonidae undetermined Pyemotidae Pyemotes ventricosus Formicidae Crematogaster Fungi Ascosphaera Nasutitermes unidentified moulds CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 121 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. TABLE 3. The 327 taxa of plants whose flowers 96 species of Neotropical Megachile visited. Aizoaceae Brauneria pallida Mesembryanthemum Calea Sesuvium portulacastrum Calendula officinalis Centaurea Amaranthaceae Cichorium intybus Achyranthes Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Alternanthera ficoidea Chrysopsis mariana Gomphrena sericea Chrysothamnus nauseosus Cichorium intybus Anacardiaceae Cirsium lanceolata Rhus Cirsium lanceolatum Coreopsis lanceolata Apiaceae Coreopsis stellata Cicuta Cosmos sulphurea Pastinaca Cynara cardunculus Dahlia Apocynaceae Delilia biflora [cited as Elvira] Apocynum Elephantopus Parsonsia mesostemon Emilia Encelia californica Aquifoliaceae Encelia canescens Ilex Ericameria parishii Erigeron inflatum Asclepiadaceae Eupatorium barbacense Acerates Eupatorium congestum Asclepias galioides Eupatorium intermedium Asclepias tuberosa Flaveria Philibertella flava Gaillardia Grindelia pulchella Asteraceae Grindelia camporum Achillea Grindelia pulchella Anthemis cotula Gutierrezia californica Arctium Gutierrezia sarothrae Aspilia foliacea Haplopappus acradenius Aster Haplopappus arborescens Baccharis salicifolia Helenium tenuifolium Baccharis serratula Helianthus annuus Baileya Helianthus atrorubens Bidens leucantha Helianthus petiolaris Bidens pilosa Heliopsis helianthoides Bidens segetum Hemizonia pungens Borrichia frutescens Heterotheca grandiflora Hieracium urvillei Hyalis argentea 122 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Lacinaria punctata Ximenedia microptera [= Ximenesia ?] Lepachys Wedelia glauca [also cited as Pascalia] Liatris Zexmenia Melampodium divaricatum Melanthera brevifolia Avicenniaceae Melanthera nivea Avicennia Melanthera parvifolia Melanthera radiata Begoniaceae Mikania microntha Begonia Neurolaena limbata Palafoxia linearis Bignoniaceae Perezia microcephala Tabebuia heptaphylla Piptocarpha rotundifolia Tabebuia rosea Pyrrhopappus Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Boraginaceae Senecio adenotrichus Buddleia Senecio albicaulis Cordia collococca Senecio douglasii Heliotropium aculeatum Senecio glabra Heliotropium curassavicum Senecio hualtata Heliotropium occulatum Senecio mendocinus Stachytarphaeta cayennensis Senecio pinnatus Stachytarphaeta cogenesis Silphium Solidago canadensis Cactaceae Spilanthes urens Opuntia auracantha Stevia gardneriana Opuntia palmadora Stokesia Opuntia sulphurea Taraxacum officinale Trixis verbasciformis Campanulaceae Verbesina encelioides Campanula rotundifolia Verbesina exauriculata Lobelia Verbesina octantha Verbesina sordescens Capparidaceae Vernonia blodgettii Atamisquea emarginata Vernonia fasciculata Capparis ferruginea Vernonia fruticulosa Cleome Vernonia glauca Wislizenia refracta Vernonia neuthaefolia Vernonia oligolepis Chenopodiaceae Vernonia platensis Salsola Vernonia rubriramea Vernonia tomentella Convolulaceae Viguiera grandiflora Convolvulus arvensis Viguiera multiflora Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea pescaprae Ipomoea delphinoides CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 123 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Cuscuta racemosa Cassia emarginata Centromadia pungens Crassulaceae Centrosema virginianum Sedum reflexum Cercidium Chaetocalyx scandens Cruciferae Chamaechrista Lepidium Crotalaria juncea Raphanus sativus Crotalaria micans Crotalaria paulina Cucurbitaceae Crotalaria pumila Cucurbitella scaberrima Crotalaria spectabilis Luffa aegyptica Dalbergia retusa Sicyos Dalea [cited as Petalostemon] Desmodium Cyrillaceae Eriosema floribundum Cyrilla Eriosema glabrum Galactia boavista Ericaceae Galactia grewiifolia Oxydendrum Galactia peduncularis Rhododendron Galactia striata Geoffroea decorticans [cited as Gourliaea] Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum Gliricidia sepium Haematoxyum Hoffmannseggia falcaria Euphorbiaceae Hoffmannseggia falcata Croton californicus Lathyrus macropus Croton linearis Lespedeza repens Euphorbia albomarginata Lonchocarpus costaricensis Euphorbia cyathophora [cited as Poinsettia] Lotus corniculatus Lotus purshianus Fabaceae Lupinus velutinus Acacia arabica Machaerium humboldtianum Acacia furcata Medicago sativa Acacia tenuiflora Melilotus alba Afzelia Melilotus indica Amorpha fruticosa Mimosa pudica Andira inermis Myrospermum frutescens Baptisia Onobrychis vicaefolia Caesalpinia eriostachys Parkinsonia Caesalpinia praecox Phaseolus lunatus Caesalpinia sclerocarpa Phaseolus vulgaris Caesalpinia sclerosa Phyllocarpus Cajanus cajan Piscidia piscipula Cajanus indica Poeppigia procera Prosopis alba Prosopis alpataco 124 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. 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Prosopis campestris Patagonium gilliesii Prosopis chilensis Pycnanthemum hypsopifolia Prosopis glandulosa Salvia ballotaeflora Prosopis strombulifera Salvia gilliesii Psoralea higuerilla Stachys Pterocarpus rohrii Teucrium bicolor Schrankia angustata [cited as Morongia] Strophostyles Liliaceae Stylosanthes gracilis Alstroemeria umbellata Stylosanthes guianensis Alstroemeria ligia Tephrosia virginiana Alstroemeria versicolor Trifolium alexandricum Trifolium repens Loascaceae Vicia Loasa Flacourtiaceae Lythraceae Casearia aculeata Cuphea balsamona Cuphea linarioides Grossulariaceae Cuphea spermacoce Escallonia myrtoidea Lythrum Clusiaceae Malpighiaceae Hypericum Byrsonima Hydrophyllaceae Malvaceae Hydrolea Cristaria Hibiscus tiliaceus Phacelia circinata Lavatera grandiflora Phacelia ramosissima Sida galheirensis Krameriaceae Moringaceae Krameria bahiana Moringa oleifera Lamiaceae Myrtaceae Blephilia Psidium cattleyanum Eriope complicata Eriope crassipes Nyctaginaceae Hyptis villosa Pisonia albida Koellia Leonurus Olacaceae Lycopus Ximenia encelioides Marrubium vulgare Marsypianthes montana Onagraceae Monarda puncata Clarkia [cited as Godetia] Nepeta Ludwigia Ocimum Oenothera mollisima CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 125 TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Orchidaceae Hedyotis purpurea [cited as Houstonia] Oncidium (carrying pollinarium) Spermacoce verticillata Sphaeralcea bonariensis Oxalidaceae Oxalis Rutaceae Citrus Arecaceae Sabal palmetto Scrophulariaceae Gerardia Passifloraceae Mimulus luteus Passiflora foetida Penstemon Veronica Polemoniaceae Gilia inconspicua Simaroubaceae Quassia glauca [cited as Simaruba] Polygalaceae Securidaca sylvestris Solanaceae Lycium argentinum Polygonaceae Lycium chilense Antigonon leptopus Lycium gracile Coccoloba Lycium gracilis Eriogonum fasciculatum Solanum gemellum Polygonum aubertii Triplaris americana Sterculiaceae Melochia tomentosa Portulacaceae Waltheria americana Portulaca Styracacae Ranunculaceae Styrax camporum Clematis hilarii Delphinium Tamaricaceae Tamarix Resedaceae Reseda odorata Tiliaceae Triumfetta semiloba Rhamnaceae Condalia Turneraceae Turnera arcuota Rosaceae Rubus Verbenaceae Cornutia grandiflora Rubiaceae Lippia lycioides Borreria verticillata Verbena aspera Cephalanthus Verbena bonariensis Verbena hirta 126 · Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press RAW TERM OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website site is prohibited. Verbena macdougali Vitex negundo Xyridaceae Xyris caroliana Zygophyllaceae Bulnesia retama Kallstroemia grandiflora Larrea divaricata Larrea tridentata Tribulus cistoides CATALOGUE OF NEOTROPICAL MEGACHILE View publication stats Zootaxa 1601 © 2007 Magnolia Press · 127

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