Gaviria, S. (2008): in Monoculus (Newsletter of the World Association of Copepodologists) 55: 7 - 9. Löffler contributed importantly to taxonomy, especially that of ostracods and copepods. As a result of his expeditions to South America, Asia and Africa, he described 42 species and subspecies of copepods (Table) collected in freshwater and semiterrestrial environments. The major part of his work in copepod taxonomy was done on harpacticoids. Based on his systematic studies, he always tried to explain the distribution of species in relation to their ecology and evolution, as in the case of species of the genus Maraenobiotus found in the high mountains of East Africa and in the Himalayas: the variability of populations, existing species and subspecies of the genus related to their distribution in different (sometimes very closely located) habitats, were used to explain speciation processes (Löffler 1965), and trends during recolonization and ecology (Löffler 1968). Another example in this matter is the way he tried to explain evolution within the centropagids in freshwaters of South America and the circum-Antarctic islands. Studying the comparative morphology of the fifth leg of males and females and the distribution of the species, he arrived at the conclusion that the genera Pseudoboeckella and Gladioferens are older representatives of the family, and had their center of development in the southern corner of South America (Löffler 1955), while Boeckella derived from a group near those genera. He found and described a great number of species of copepods within the harpacticoid genus Attheyella (Löffler 1961a, 1961b, 1963, 1968, 1973) and several Elaphoidella (Löffler 1963, 1968, 1973), among other Canthocamptidae, two species of Ameiridae from Iran (Löffler 1959), and two Cletodidae (Löffler 1961a, 1963). The intensive exploration and sampling of lake sediments of the region of Valdivia in southern Chile, led him to find and describe the largest number of species (within the subgenera Delachauxiella and Chappuisiella, both belonging to Attheyella) for a region prospected by him (Löffler 1961b, 1961c, 1966). The semiterrestrial harpacticoid Löfflerella, discovered in andine Patagonia by Rouch (1962), was named in his honour. Afterwards, Löffler himself described 3 more species within this genus, from mosses and soils in the forest region between Antofagasta and Chiloe (Löffler 1966). Besides Löfflerella, two species of copepods were named in his honour: Neoboeckella löffleri Bayly, 1992 from Bolivian ponds, and Lingulocamptus löffleri Guo, 1998 from China. His discoveries in the mountain lakes of South America led him to undertake expeditions between 1960 and 1961 to Ruwenzori, Mount Kenya, and Mount Elgon in East Africa. There he discovered new species in the genera Maraenobiotus and Elaphoidella (Löffler 1965, 1968). He concluded that in contrast with the tropical Andean lakes, East African mountain lakes are characterised by only a few forms (Löffler 1964) and have more zoogeographical affinities with the Northern Hemisphere. In subsequent expeditions, he collected and described new species in Nepal (Maraenobiotus, Bryocamptus and Elaphoidella) (Löffler Heinz Löffler 1927 – 2006 Heinz Löffler passed away in Vienna on 14 October 2006. His contributions to limnology have already been recounted in detail by Schiemer (2006), Danielopol & Schiemer (2007), and Dokulil (2007). In the present obituary I summarize his career and underline his great contribution to the taxonomy and faunistics of copepods. Löffler graduated from the University of Vienna in 1955, and undertook graduate study in Sweden (1951 and 1953) and postgraduate study in the U.S.A. (1955-1957), with G.E. Hutchinson. He was director of the Biological Station Lunz am See (1967-1972) in Lower Austria, and founder of the Institute of Limnology (1972). As an ordinary member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, he participated for many years in the commission for projects related to development. As a professor of the University of Vienna, he lectured on the taxonomy and biology of freshwater invertebrates, general limnology, paleolimnology, and ecology of wetlands until shortly before his death. From 1992 to 1996 he was director of the Institute of Zooology of the University, and from 1979 to 1996 head of the Department of Limnology. One of his great merits was the foundation of the International Postgraduate Course on Limnology (IPGL) in 1974, with the object of teaching the different fields and methods of limnology to biologists from developing countries. 7 1968) and Borneo (Atheyella and Elaphoidella) (Löffler 1973). Based on comparative studies of species distribution in mountain lakes of Central America, and central and southern Europe, he could also explain the general distribution of harpacticoids. He arrived at the conclusion that tropical high mountain lakes of Central America were colonized during the Quaternary with crustacean fauna originating from the north (Löffler 1972), as also occurred in the mountain lakes of the Sierra Nevada in southern Spain (1974). Some of his former students have been working in copepod taxonomy, zoogeography, and ecology: Dan Danielopol often included information on copepods in his groundwater studies (e.g., Danielopol & Pospisil 2002) and Alois Herzig (e.g. Herzig 1979) in his articles on zooplankton, Xyoming Guo studied copepods in China (e.g. Guo 2000), whereas I examined those of different regions of Colombia (e.g. Gaviria & Aranguren 2007) and Austria (e.g. Gaviria 1998). Peter Pospisil described a species of Acanthocyclops and two of Diacyclops from groundwaters of the Danube (Pospisil 1989, 1999), and Edmund Schiller (2004) studied the taxonomy of Arctodiaptomus steindachneri of the Balkan region. In addition to the many species descriptions, Löffler accomplished an enormous task of inventorying copepods, branchiopods, ostracods, and rotifers from a great number of lakes and ponds all around the world. Many of the known species that he identified were new records for the respective countries. Löffler frequently published ecological and geographical information on the lakes where he carried out taxonomic work and faunistic surveys (see list of publications in Schiemer 2006 and Danielopol & Schiemer 2007). Thus, autoecological information of the species is often available from these articles. Löffler’s collection is now deposited at the Naturhistorisches Museum of Vienna; it contains the type material of most of the species of copepods that he described, and is already inventoried. The organisation of the remaining collection material is now in process. I had the opportunity to participate in the organisation of the collection. An article with detailed information on the type collection is in preparation. All copepodologists highly appreciate the valuable contribution of Heinz Löffler to the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, and faunistics of copepods. We will always remember him as a great taxonomist, limnologist, and biogeographer. Santiago Gaviria Lecturer, University of Vienna, and Technisches Büro für Biologie Vienna, Austria References: Danielopol, D.L. & P. Pospisil. 2002. Taxonomic diversity of Crustacea Cyclopoida in the Austrian “Danube floodplain” national park. Vie et Milieu 52(2-3):67-75. Danielopol, D.L. & F. Schiemer. 2007. In memoriam Heinz Löffler (1927 – 2006). Crustaceana 80(8):1013-1018. Dokulil, M.T. 2007. Obituary: Heinz Löffler (1927 – 2006). SIL News 51:3. Gaviria, S. 1998. Checklist and distribution of the free-living copepods (Arthropoda, Crustacea) from Austria. Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museums in Wien, B, 100:539594. Gaviria, S. & N. Aranguren. 2007. Free-living species of the Copepoda (Arthropod, Crustacea) subclass of the Colombian continental waters. Biota Colombiana 8(1):53-68. Guo, X. 1998. Ligulocamptus löffleri n.g., n.sp. (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from Chengdong Lake in China. Hydrobiologia 368:209-215. Guo, X. 2000a. Two new species of Mesocyclops from southern China and notes on the genus Mesocyclops in China. Hydrobiologia 429:115-131. Herzig, A. 1979. The zooplankton of the open lake. In: Löffler, H. (ed.). Neusiedlersee: The limnology of a shallow lake in Central Europe. Monographiae Biologicae 37:281-335. Löffler, H. 1955. Die Boeckelliden Perus. Sitzungsberichten der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, 164:723-746. Löffler, H. 1959. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der iranischen Binnengewässer I, der Niriz-See und sein Einzugsgebiet. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 44:227-276. Löffler, H. 1961a. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der iranischen Binnengewässer II. Regional-limnologische Studie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Crustaceenfauna. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 46:309-406. Löffler, H. 1961b. Zur Systematik und Ökologie der chilenischen Süßwasserentomostraken. Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 2: 197-206. Löffler, H. 1961c. Beitrag zur Copepoden- und Ostracodenfauna Chiles. Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, MathematischNaturwissenschaftlichen Klasse 98:111-116. Löffler, H. 1963. Zur Ostrakoden- und Copepodenfauna Ekuadors. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 5:196-234. Löffler, H. 1964. The limnology of tropical high-mountain lakes. Verhandlungen der Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 15:176-193. Löffler, H. 1965. Die Gattung Maraenobiotus in Afrika. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik 92:195-218. 8 Löffler, H. 1966. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Harpacticidenund Ostracodenfauna Chiles. Zoologischer Anzeiger 176:192-205. Löffler, H. 1968. Die Crustaceenfauna der Binnengewässer ostafrikanischer Hochberge. Hochgebirgsforschung 1:107-170. Löffler, H. 1972. Contribution to the limnology of high mountain lakes in Central America. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 57:397-408. Löffler, H. 1973. Die Harpacticidenfauna des Mt. Kinabalu (Borneo) mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gattung Maraenobiotus nebst Angaben zur Harparticidenfauna des Gebietes Nuwara (Hochplateau Ceylon). Hochgebirgsforschung 3:5-28. Löffler, H. 1974. Harpacticiden (Crustacea, Copepoda) der Hochgebirgsgewässer Andalusiens (Sierra Nevada, Spanien. Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, MathematischNaturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Abteilung I, 181:191195. Pospisil, P. 1989. Acanthocyclops gmeineri n. sp. (Crustacea, Copepoda) aus dem Grundwasser von Wien (Österreich): Bemerkungen zur Zoogeographie und zur Sauerstoffsituation des Grundwassers am Fundort. Zoologischer Anzeiger 223:220-230. Pospisil, P. 1999. Two new species of the Diacyclops languidoides-group (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from groundwaters of Austria. Hydrobiologia 412:165-176. Rouch, R. 1962. Harpacticoïdes (Crustacés, Copépodes) de l’Amérique du Sud. Pp. 237-280. In: Delamare, Cl. & E. Rapoport (eds.). Biologie de l’Amérique Australe. Vol. 1, Études sur la Faune du Sol. Ed. Centre Nat. Rech. Scient., Paris. Schiller, E. 2004. Beitrag zur systematischen Stellung zweier Diaptomiden (Crustacea, Copepoda) permanenter bzw. temporärer Lebensräume der Balkaninsel (SO Europa). Diplomarbeit, Universität Wien, Vienna. 117 pp. Schiemer, F. 2006. In memoriam Heinz Löffler (1927 – 2006). Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-BotanischenGesellschaft in Österreich 143:167-179. Copepod taxa described by Heinz Löffler, and country of the locus typicus ________________________________________________ CALANOIDA Centropagidae Boeckella kinzeli Löffler, 1955 Pseudoboeckella peruviensis Löffler, 1955 Diaptomidae Arctodiaptomus jurisowitchi Löffler, 1968 Notodiaptomus amazonicus occidentalis Löffler, 1963 Pseudodiaptomidae Pseudodiaptomus acutus leptopus Löffler, 1963 Peru Peru Nepal Ecuador Ecuador CYCLOPOIDA Cyclopidae Eucyclops breviramatus Löffler, 1963 Ecuador Eucyclops serrulatus chilensis Löffler, 1963 Chile Mesocyclops longisetus araucanus Löffler, 1961 Chile Thermocyclops hooki Löffler, 1968 Uganda-Kenya border HARPACTICOIDA Ameridae Nitocrella iranica Löffler, 1959 Iran Nitocrella mara Löffler, 1959 Iran Canthocamptidae Attheyella (Attheyella) nepalensis Löffler, 1968 Nepal Attheyella (Canthosella) silvicola Löffler, 1973 Indonesia Attheyella (Chappuisiella) pichilafquensis Löffler, 1961 Chile Attheyella (Chappuisiella) puyehuensis Löffler, 1961 Chile Attheyella (Chappuisiella) quillehuensis Löffler, 19611) Chile Attheyella (Delachauxiella) ciliata Löffler, 1961 Chile Attheyella (Delachauxiella) freyi Löffler, 1963 Ecuador Attheyella (Chappuisiella) levigata Löffler, 19612) Chile Attheyella (Delachauxiella) nuda Löffler, 1961 Chile Attheyella (Delachauxiella) ornata Löffler, 1961 Chile Attheyella (Delachauxiella) serrata Löffler, 1961 Chile Attheyella (Delachauxiella) triarticulata Löffler, 1961 Chile Attheyella (Delachauxiella) wieseri Löffler, 1961 Chile Bryocamptus (Limnocamptus) hiemalis yetii Löffler, 1968 Nepal Elaphoidella angirmii Löffler, 1968 Nepal Elaphoidella damasi nivalis Löffler, 1968 Uganda Elaphoidella helminchi Löffler, 1968 Nepal Elaphoidella humboldti Löffler, 1963 Ecuador Elaphoidella kieferi Löffler, 1968 Nepal Elaphoidella labani Löffler, 1973 Indonesia Loefflerella chilensis Löffler, 1966 Chile Loefflerella rouchi Löffler, 1966 Chile Loefflerella trisetosa Löffler, 1966 Chile Maraenobiopsis fontinaloides Löffler, 1960 Peru Maraenobiotus insignipes altissimus Löffler, 1968 Nepal Maraenobiotus insignipes nepalensis Löffler, 1968 Nepal Maraenobiotus kenyensis Löffler, 1965 Kenya Maraenobiotus kinabaluensis Löffler, 1973 Indonesia Moraria (Kuehneltiella) neotropica Löffler, 19612) Chile Cletodidae Cletocamptus deitersi ecuatorianus Löffler, 1963 Ecuador Cletocamptus gabrieli Löffler, 1961 Iran ______________________________________________________ 1) Nomen nudum. 2) No type material. 9