Pakistan Journal of Nematology (2019)37(2): 171-243
ISSN 0255-7576 (Print)
ISSN 2313-1942 (Online)
www.pjn.com.pk
http://dx.doi.org/10.18681/pjn.v37.i02.p171-243
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
F. Shahina†, K. Nasira, K. Firoza and Y. I. Erum
National Nematological Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
†
Corresponding author: shahinafayyaz@gmail.com
Abstract
This research publication provides a comprehensive indexed resource of plant parasitic, soil, marine and
entomopathogenic nematode species described and reported during last sixty nine years (1952-2019) from Pakistan. The
information compiled in this paper came gradually from many and diverse sources. It is the product of the efforts of
several authors who contributed to gather knowledge on the biological diversity through systematics and faunistic studies.
Information published in different scientific journals, newsletters, reports, book chapters, books booklets and proceedings
have been considered. Those records contained in abstracts of conferences/ congresses, doctoral theses were not included.
A total of 749 species belonging to 261 genera of 81 subfamiles, 85 families of 24 Superfamiles, 19 suborders of 12 orders
have been described and reported so far from Pakistan in which 232 species are new to science. The paper includes i) new
nematode species described from Pakistan in chronological order; ii) species of plant parasitic nematodes; iii) species of
free-living soil nematodes; iv) species of marine nematodes; v) species of entomopathogenic nematodes all in alphabetical
order and vi) taxonomic position of the all nematode species of Pakistan.
Keywords: Nematode fauna, systematics, new and known species, Pakistan.
Nematology is one of the most dynamic and
exciting discipline in the agricultural
science. The development of nematology is
largely attributed to the discovery of the
importance of nematodes in agricultural
ecosystems and their impact on society. The
economic stability of the country depends
upon the performance of the agriculture
sectors, it is therefore extremely important
that the agriculture sector perform its role of
sustenance of national economy. In an
agriculture country like Pakistan, the plant
parasitic nematode besides other pest and
disease causing organisms, have been
recognized as one of the greatest threat to
crop production. Nematodes are one of the
most abundant, highly diversified and
ecologically significant groups with wide
host
range
and
wide
geographical
distribution. They may be free-living in
marine and fresh water, soil inhabiting and
as parasites on all kinds of plants.
Inspite of these, the subject of nematology
remained neglected and given very little
importance by the academic institutions and
agriculturists of the country.
The present work, in line with the previous
nematode faunal publication (Maqbool &
Shahina, 2001), bringing up-to-date information
on species of all nematode groups recorded in
the country, using the available literature;
internet and other diverse sources.
According to the latest information available the
232 new nematode species were recorded in
Pakistan so far. The paper provides comprehensive
lists of 749 species of all nematode groups
belonging to 261 genera, 85 families and 12 orders
(Fig. 1), reported during the last six decades since
the first contribution of Sattar & Hafiz (1952) who
reported Anguina tritici from D.G. Khan,
Muzaffargarh and Jhang areas of Pakistan. The
taxonomic positions of species also incorporated
regarding the nematode fauna of Pakistan.
Published by Pakistan Society of Nematologists
Received:15 Apr, 2019
Accepted:16 Jun, 2019
171
F. Shahina et al.
Materials and Methods
Classification of plant parasitic, soil, marine
and entomopathogenic nematodes was based on
the systematics provided by various groups
experts. Siddiqi (2000) book was followed for
the higher categories and synonymy for the
order Tylenchida Thorne, 1949, but some other
nomenclatorial changes have been introduced;
in general, Aphelenchida Siddiqi, 1980
systematics was followed, given by Hunt
(1993). Jairajpuri
&
Ahmad
(1992),
classification for the order Dorylaimida Pearse,
1942 was followed. In general, the
nomenclature provided by Ahmed & Jairajpuri,
(2010) for the taxa of Mononchida Jairajpuri,
1969, has been accepted for higher categories
and synomyms in present details.
Andrassy’s (2005; 2007)
classification is
followed in the higher categories for the taxa
belonging to the order Rabditida Chitwood, 1933;
Diplogastrida Maggenti, 1981; Triplonchida
Cobb, 1920; Chromadorida Filipjev, 1929;
Enoplida Filipjev, 1929; Monhysterida Filipjev,
1929 whereas Lorenzen (1981), Platt & Warwick
(1983, 1988) and Somerfield et al., 1998
contributions for the systematics of Enoplida,
Filipjev, 1929; Chromadorida Filipjev, 1929;
Monhysterida Filipjev, 1929; Araeolaimida De
Coninck & Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1933,
Plectida Malakhov, 1982 was also considered but
recent nomenclatorial changes were also
introduced. In systematics and characterization of
number of species and genera, Eyualem-Abebe et
al., (2006) was also taken under consideration.
Fig.1. Graphical presentation of reported nematode fauna of Pakistan.
172
Nematoda
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
173
F. Shahina et al.
NEW NEMATODE SPECIES DESCRIBED FROM PAKISTAN
Laptosomatum ranjhai
Aphelenchus sacchari
Cephalobus litoralis
Cinctonema papillata
Megadesmolaimus contortus
Metalinhomoeus karachiensis
Spirinia (perspiria) striaticaudata
Terschellingia lissa
Terschellingia longissimicaudata
Terschellingia magna
Trichodorus pakistanensis
Paramonhystera (Paramonhystera) longicaudata
Paraphanolaimus granuliferus
Steineria simplex
Cobbia macrostoma
Ionema cobbi
Leptolaimus luridus
Monhystera karachiensis
Tylenchorhynchus trilineatus
Discolaimium pakistanicum
Boleodorus pakistanensis
Dorylaimoides pakistanensis
Axonchium oostenbrinki
Helicotylenchus lucernis
Criconemoides kamaliei
Mylonchulus rosensis
Timminema pakistanicum
Aporcelaimellus goldeni
Quinisulcius solani
Paurodontella sohailai
Nothotylenchus goldeni
Boleodorus zaini
Hemicriconemoides ghaffari
Axodorylaimellus aghai
Elongidorylaimellus lauceolatus
Jamilius adenophorus
Jamilius jamali
Sindellus sindi
Coslenchus tuberosus
Merlinius niazae
Aglenchus mardanensis
Basiroides sindhicus
Basiroides citri
Cephalenchus sacchari
Atetylenchus amiri
174
Timm, 1960
(Akhter, 1962) Goodey & Hooper, 1965
(Akhter, 1962) Andrassy, 1984
Timm, 1962
Timm, 1962
Timm, 1962
Timm, 1962
Timm, 1962
Timm, 1962
Timm, 1962
Siddiqi, 1962
Timm, 1963
Timm, 1963
Timm, 1963
Timm, 1963
Timm, 1963
Timm, 1963
Timm, 1963
Timm, 1963
Timm, 1963
Siddiqi, 1963
Siddiqi, 1963
Khan & Ahmad, 1970
Khan & Ahmad, 1970
Khan, 1971
Khan, 1975
Khan, 1977
Khan & Fatima, 1980
Maqbool, 1982
Maqbool, 1982
Maqbool, 1982
Maqbool, 1982
Maqbool, 1982
Siddiqi, 1983
Siddiqi, 1983
Siddiqi, 1983
Siddiqi, 1983
Siddiqi, 1983
(Maqbool, 1983) Siddiqi, 1986
Maqbool, Fatima & Hashmi, 1983
Maqbool, Shahina & Zarina, 1984
Maqbool, Fatima & Shahina, 1984
Maqbool, Fatima & Shahina, 1984
Maqbool, Fatima & Shahina, 1984
(Maqbool & Shahina, 1984) Geraert & Raski, 1987
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Rotylenchus karachiensis
Scutylenchus quettensis
Dolichorhynchus tuberosus
Malenchus labiatus
Malenchus pyri
Karachinema elongatum
Ottolenchus azadkashmirensis
Ottolenchus longicauda
Pararotylenchus microstylus
Scutylenchus baluchiensis
Rotylenchus fragaricus
Rotylenchus pakistanensis
Rotylenchus alii
Helicotylenchus obliquus
Heterodera pakistanensis
Boleodorus arachis
Cephalenchus longicaudatus
Aulosphora karachiensis
Hemicycliophora veechi
Mesodorylaimus mehraniensis
Anatonchus valitangiensis
Pakmylonchulus amurus
Tylenchorhynchus quaidi
Tylenchorhynchus tritici
Nagelus saifulmulukensis
Merlinius montanus
Tylenchus skarduensis
Tylenchus bhitai
Tylenchus naranensis
Heterodera bergeniae
Neothada major
Pratylenchoides maqsoodi
Heterodera cynodontis
Eudorylaimus andersoni
Aporcelaimellus sacchari
Hoplolaimus tabacum
Amplimerlinius parbati
Neopsilenchus (Acusilenchus) bilineatus
Neopsilenchus (Neopsilenchus) curvistylus
Neopsilenchus (Neopsilenchus) minor
Neopsilenchus (Neopsilenchus) peshawarensis
Boleodorus azadkashmirensis
Willsonenma promissum
Ogma sadabhari
Ogma multiannulata
Ogma qamari
Rotylenchus capsicumi
(Maqbool & Ghazala, 1984) Fortuner, 1987
Maqbool, Ghazala & Fatima, 1984
Maqbool, Ghazala & Fatima, 1984
Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Maqbool, Ghazala, Fatima & Qasim, 1985
Maqbool, Ghazala, Fatima & Qasim, 1985
Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
Maqbool & Ghazala, 1986
Maqbool & Ghazala, 1986
Maqbool, Shahina & Zarina, 1986
Maqbool, Shahina & Zarina, 1986
Khan & Saeed, 1986
Khan & Saeed, 1987
Khan & Saeed, 1987
Golden, Maqbool & Handoo, 1987
Golden, Maqbool & Handoo, 1987
Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
Maqbool, Zarina & Ghazala, 1987
Maqbool & Shahina, 1988
Maqbool & Shahina, 1989
Maqbool & Shahina, 1989
Shahina & Maqbool, 1989
Khan, 1989
Khan, 1989
Firoza, Nasira & Maqbool, 1990
Zarina & Maqbool, 1990
Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
Maqbool, Shahina & Firoza, 1990
Khan, Seema & Khan, 1990
Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
Firoza & Maqbool, 1991
175
F. Shahina et al.
Tylenchorhynchus swatiensis
Helicotylenchus verecundus
Tylenchorhynchus rosei
Tylenchus pakistanensis
Trichromadorita arinus
Xiphinema karachiense
Quinisulcius quaidi
Deladenus pakistanensis
Merlinius pistaciei
Merlinius pyri
Acrobeloides saeedi
Aglenchus siddiqii
Rhabditis karachiensis
Criconemoides (Criconemoides) afghanicus
Pakcriconemoides anastomoides
Macroposthonia curvata alpina
Gracilacus musae
Helicotylenchus microtylus
Helicotylenchus discocephalus
Rotylenchus goldeni
Paralongidorus lemoni
Basiria bajorensis
Dentolaimoides papillifer
Paroriverutus timmi
Tylenchorhynchus tuberosus
Filenchus sindhicus
Paratrichodorus psidii
Paratrichodorus faisalabadensis
Xiphinema cynodontis
Helicotylenchus meloni
Helicotylenchus striatus
Scutylenchus fici
Longidorus trapezoides
Merlinius indicus
Merlinius bilqeesae
Tylenchorhynchus gossypii
Helicotylenchus lemoni
Radopholus allius
Radopholus brassicae
Aulolaimus rashidae
Discolaimus lahorensis
Xiphinema pakistanensis
Pratylenchus portulacus
Pratylenchus roseus
Dolichorhynchus motiaii
Solididens swatiensis
Enoplolaimus karachiensis
176
Nasira, Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
Zarina & Maqbool, 1991
Zarina & Maqbool, 1991
Farooq, Fatima & Khan, 1991
Khan, 1991
Nasira, Firoza & Maqbool, 1992
Zarina & Maqbool, 1992
Shahina & Maqbool, 1992
Fatima & Farooq, 1992
Fatima & Farooq, 1992
Siddiqi, Ley & Khan, 1992
Khan, Khan & Bilqees, 1992
Khan, Seema, Khan, Qamar & Anwarullah, 1992
Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
(Maqbool & Shahina, 1985) Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
Nasira, Shahina, Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
Khan & Bilqees, 1993
Khan, 1994
Khan, 1994
Zarina & Maqbool, 1994
Shahina & Maqbool, 1994
Nasira & Maqbool, 1994
Nasira & Maqbool, 1994
Nasira & Maqbool, 1994
Firoza & Maqbool, 1994
Firoza & Maqbool, 1994
Farooq & Fatima, 1994
Nasira & Maqbool, 1995
Zarina & Maqbool, 1995
Khan & Khan, 1995
Nasira & Maqbool, 1996
Firoza & Maqbool, 1996
Shahina & Maqbool, 1996
Shahina & Maqbool, 1996
Shahina, Hunt & Siddiqi, 1996
Khan, 1998
Nasira & Maqbool, 1998
Zarina & Maqbool, 1998
Zarina & Maqbool, 1998
Zarina & Maqbool, 1998
Nasira, Shahina & Maqbool, 1999
Maqbool, Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 1999
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Microlaimus sonmianensis
Arabanema pakistanensis
Desmodora (Pseudochromadora) cliftensis
Halichoanolaimus balochiensis
Odontophora hawskbiensis
Ptycholaimellus sindhicus
Steinernema pakistanense
Plectus karachiensis
Drilocephalobus alykhani
Steinernema asiaticum
Halalaimus gidanensis
Trissonchulus lichenii
Oscheius maqbooli
Cephalobus sacchari
Gonionchus arabica
Ditylenchus bilqueese
Psilenchus khuzarensis
Tylenchorhynchus handooi
Bitylenchus maximus pakistanensis
Tylenchorhynchus fatimae
Geomonhystera dubia
Geomonhystera karuni
Diodontolaimus karachiensis
Longidorella subannulatum
Poronemella divulgata
Moshajia teres
Distolabrellus pakistanensis
Nygolaimus gigantus
Nygolaimus neominimus
Discolaimium capitulum
Tylencholaimus cynodonti
Laimydorus wirisi
Thalassironus qatarense
Moshajia qasmi
Marylynnia musharafii
Paracanthonchus sandspitensis
Tylenchorhynchus qasimii
Subanguina balochia
Discolaimus pakistanense
Oscheius andrassi
Atetylenchus metaporus
Helicotylenchus handooi
Microlaimus amphidius
Microlaimus karachiensis
Synonchium oblongus
Synonchium marina
Synonchium pakistanense
Nasira, Maqbool, Turpeenniemi & Zarina, 2000
Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Shahina, Anis, Reid, Rowe & Maqbool, 2001
Shahina, Tabassum & Maqbool, 2001
Siddiqi, 2001
Anis, Shahina, Reid & Rowe, 2002
Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 2002
Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 2002
Tabassum & Shahina, 2002
Shahina & Tabassum, 2002
Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 2003
Khan, Batool & Khatoon, 2004
Khan, Batool & Khatoon, 2004
Khan, 2004
Zarina, Siddiqi & Shahina, 2004
Khan, Saeed & Akhter, 2004
Siddiqi & Shahina, 2004
Siddiqi & Shahina, 2004
Nasira, Shahina & Kamran, 2005
Tabassum, Shahina & Sidiiqi, 2005
Tabassum, Shahina & Siddiqi, 2005
Tabassum, Shahina & Siddiqi, 2005
Tabassum, Shahina, Firoza & Siddiqi, 2005
Shahina, Erum & Siddiqi, 2005
Shahina, Erum & Siddiqi, 2005
Shahina, Mussarat & Siddiqi, 2005
Nasira, Erum & Shahina, 2005
Shahina, Tabassum & Nasira, 2006
Nasira, Kamran, Shahina & Kazmi, 2006
Zarina & Shahina, 2007
Nasira, Kamran & Shahina, 2007
Nasira, Kamran & Shahina, 2007
Mussarat, Handoo & Shahina, 2008
Erum, Shahina & Siddiqi, 2008
Nasria, Shahina & Erum, 2008
Tabassum & Shahina, 2008
Erum & Shahina, 2008
Khan, Ghazi & Soomro, 2008
Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
177
F. Shahina et al.
Paurodontella balochistanica
r Paurodontella myceliophaga
Longidorella (Saevadorella) tharensis
Halaphanolaimus marinus
Oscheius siddiqi
Oscheius niazii
Neodolichorhynchus (Mulkorhynchus) indicus
Onyx balochiensis
Deladenus cocophilus
Steinernema maqboolii
Heliplectus gracilis
Heliplectus minor
Heliplectus monodelphis
Heliplectus pakistanensis
Heliplectus paradorsalis
Heliplectus robustus
Bathyeurystomina minima
Belbolla longispiculata
Steinernema bifurcatum
Bitylenchus capsicumi
Metoncholaimus siddiqii
Meloidogyne pakistanica
Steinernema balochiense
Helicotylenchus siddiqii
Paratylenchus (Paratylenchus) karachiensis
Oscheius citri
Oscheius sacchari
Oscheius cobbi
Oscheius cynodonti
Oscheius esculentus
Oscheius punctate
Heterorhabditis pakistanense
p Aphelenchiodes turnip
Merlinius nagerensis
Filenchus maqbooli
Paradorylaimus dorsocaudali
Oncholaimus paraoxyuris
Theristus cylindricus
Theristus (Penzancia) karachiense
Metoncholaimus medispiculatum
Aulolaimus mubarakvilli
Oscheius karachiensis
Acrobeloides gossypii
Amphibelondira sindhicus
Paratylenchus manilkarii
Paratylenchus sindhicus
178
Handoo, Iqbal, Nasira & Shahina, 2010
Handoo, Iqbal, Nasira & Shahina, 2010
Nasira, Shahina & Firoza, 2010
Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2010
Tabassum & Shahina, 2010
Tabassum & Shahina, 2010
Erum, Mussarat & Shahina, 2011
Nasira, Rehmat & Shahina, 2011
Nasira, Shahina & Firoza, 2013
Shahina, Tabassum, Mehreen & Salma, 2013
Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
Shahina, Siddiqi &Nasira, 2014
Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
Nasira, Shahina & Shamim, 2014
Nasira, Shahina & Shamim, 2014
Shahina,Yan, Qui, Han, Mehreen, Tabassum & Salma, 2014
Akhter & Zarina, 2014
Shahina, Nasira & Shamim, 2015
Shahina, Nasira, Salma, Mehreen & Bhatti, 2015
Shahina, Tabassum,Shaukat, Solangi, Mehreen & Salma, 2015
Zarina & Akhter, 2016
Zarina & Akhter, 2016
Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
Shahina, Tabassum, Salma, Mehreen & Knoetze, 2016
Israr, Shahina, Nasira, 2017
Sagir & Erum, 2017
Aatika, Nasira & Shahina, 2017
Nasira, Israr & Shahnia, 2017
Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
Salma, Saima, Nasira & Shahina, 2018
Nasir & Tabassum, 2018
Ashfaque, Shahina & Nasira, 2019
Ashfaque, Nasira & Shahina, 2019
Erum, Nasir, Nasira & Shahina, 2019
Erum, Nasir, Nasira & Shahina, 2019
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
SPECIES OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES
Aglenchus agricola (de Man, 1884) Meyl, 1961
A. mardanensis Maqbool, Shahina & Zarina, 1984
A. siddiqi Khan, Khan & Bilquees, 1992
Amplimerlinius parbati Zarina & Maqbool, 1990
Anguina tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) Filipjev, 1936
Aphelenchoides aligarhiensis Siddiqi, Hussain & Khan, 1967
A. asterocaudatus Das, 1960
A. besseyi Christie, 1942
A. bicaudatus (Imamura, 1931) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
A. blastophthorus Franklin, 1952
A. caprifici (Gasparrini, 1864) Filipjev, 1934
A. dactylocercus Hooper, 1958
A. goodeyi Siddiqi & Franklin, 1967
A. helicosoma Maslen, 1979
A. involutus Minegawa, 1992
A. parietinus (Bastian, 1865) Steiner, 1932
A. richardsoni Grewal, Siddiqi & Atkey, 1992
A. ritzemabosi (Schwartz, 1911) Steiner, 1932
A. rutgersi Hooper & Myers, 1971
A. sacchari Hooper, 1958
A. siddiqii Forturner, 1970
A. turnipi Israr, Shahina & Nasira, 2017
A. unisexus Jain and Singh, 1984
A. winchesi Paesler, 1957
Aphelenchus avenae Bastian, 1865
A. eremitus Thorne, 1961
A. isomerus Anderson & Hooper, 1980
A. sacchari (Akhtar, 1962) Goodey & Hooper, 1965
Atetylenchus amiri (Maqbool & Shahina 1984) Geraert & Raski, 1987
A. metoporus Erum & Shahina, 2008
Aulosphora karachiensis Maqbool, Shahina & Zarina, 1986
A. penetrans (Thorne, 1955) Siddiqi, 1980
Basiria bajorensis Khan & Bilquees, 1993
B. graminophila Siddiqi, 1959
B. incita Szczygiel, 1970
B. ritteri (Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1969) Bernard, 1980
Basirioides citri Maqbool, Fatima & Shahina, 1984
B. sindicus Maqbool, Fatima & Shahina, 1984
Belonolaimus gracilis Steiner, 1949
B. longicaudatus Rau, 1958
Bitylenchus brevilineatus (Williams, 1960) Siddiqi, 1986
B. canalis (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Siddiqi, 1986
B. capsicumi Akhter & Zarina, 2014
B. clavicaudatus (Seinhorst, 1963) Siddiqi, 1986
B. goffarti (Sturhan, 1966) Siddiqi, 1986
B. maximus maximus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1986
179
F. Shahina et al.
B. maximus pakistanensis Zarina, Siddiqi & Shahina, 2004
B. parvus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1986
B. vulgaris (Upadhahy, Swarup & Sethi, 1972) Siddiqi, 1986
Boleodorus acutus Thorne & Malek, 1968
B. arachis Maqbool & Ghazala, 1986
B. azadkashmirensis Maqbool, Shahina & Firoza, 1990
B. neosimilis Geraert, 1971
B. pakistanensis Siddiqi, 1963
B. rafiqi Hussain & Khan, 1965
B. thylactus Thorne, 1941
B. volutus Lima & Siddiqi, 1963
B. zaini Maqbool, 1982
Cephalenchus longicaudatus Maqbool & Ghazala, 1986
C. sacchari Maqbool, Fatima & Shahina, 1984
Coslenchus areolatus (Egunjobi, 1967) Siddiqi, 1978
C. costatus (de Man, 1921) Siddiqi, 1978
C. tuberosus (Maqbool, 1983) Siddiqi, 1986
Criconema (Nothocriconemella) mutabile (Taylor, 1936) Raski & Luc, 1985
Criconemoides (Criconemoides) afghanicus Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
C. (C.) bakeri Wu, 1965
C. (C.) brevistylus Singh & Khera, 1976
C. (C.) curvatus Raski, 1952
C. (C.) kamaliei Khan, 1971
C. (C.) onoensis Luc, 1959
C. (C.) parvulus Siddiqi, 1961
C. (C.) pruni (Siddiqi, 1961) Raski & Golden, 1966
C. (C.) sphaerocephalus Taylor, 1936
C. (C.) xenoplax Raski, 1952
Deladenus cocophilus Nasira, Shahina & Firoza, 2013
D. imperialis Bedding, 1974
D. pakistanensis Shahina & Maqbool, 1992
Ditylenchus anchilisposomus (Tarjan, 1958) Fortuner, 1982
D. angustus (Butler, 1913) Filipjev, 1936
D. bilqueese Khan, Batool & Khan, 2004
D. clarus Thorne & Malek, 1968
D. destructor Thorne, 1945
D. dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936
D. emus Khan, Chawla & Prasad, 1969
D. geraerti (Paramonov, 1970) Bello & Geraert, 1972
D. kheirii Fortuner & Maggenti, 1987
D. medicaginis Wasilewska, 1965
D. myceliophagus Goodey, 1958
Dolichorhynchus motiaii Zarina & Maqbool, 1998
D. phaseoli (Sethi & Swarup, 1968) Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1974
D. tuberosus Maqbool, Ghazala & Fatima, 1984
Duotylenchus bilineatus Saha & Khan, 1982
Eutylenchus spp.
Filenchus afghanicus (Khan & Khan, 1978) Siddiqi, 1986
180
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
F. cylindricus (Thorne & Malik, 1968) Niblack & Bernard, 1985
F. ditissimus (Brzeski, 1963) Siddiqi, 1986
F. filiformis (Butschli, 1873) Meyl, 1961
F. maqbooli Aatika, Nasira & Shahina, 2017
F. microdorus Chawla, Prasad, Khan & Nand, 1969
F. parvissimus (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Siddiqi, 1986
F. sheri (Khan & Khan, 1978) Siddiqi, 1986
F. sindhicus Shahina & Maqbool, 1994
F. vulgaris (Brzeski, 1963) Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1985
Fergusobia indica (Jairajpuri, 1962) Siddiqi, 1986
Globodera pallida (Stone, 1973) Behrens, 1975
G. rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959
G. tabacum tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954) Skarbilovich, 1959
Gracilacus musae Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
Helicotylenchus abuharazi Zeidan & Geraert, 1990
H. abunaamai Siddiqi, 1972
H. arachisi Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1975
H. californicus Sher, 1966
H. canadensis Waseem, 1961
H. cavenessi Sher, 1966
H. certus Eroshenko & Nguen Vu Thanh, 1981
H. conicephalus Siddiqi, 1972
H. crenacauda Sher, 1966
H. digonicus Perry in Perry, Darling & Thorne, 1959
H. dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961
H. discocephalus Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
H. egyptiensis Tarjan, 1964
H. erythrinae (Zimmermann, 1904) Golden, 1956
H. exallus Sher, 1966
H. falcatus Eroshenko & Nguen Vu Thanh, 1981
H. goodi Tikyani, Khera & Bhatnagar, 1969
H. gulabi Jain, Siddiqui & Aruna Parihar, 2002
H. handooi Khan, Ghazi & Soomro, 2008
H. indicus Siddiqi, 1963
H. jasminii Jain, Siddiqi & Aruna Parihar, 2000
H. lemoni Firoza & Maqbool, 1996
H. lucernis Khan & Ahmad, 1970
H. macronatus Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1975
H. martini Sher, 1966
H. meloni Firoza & Maqbool, 1994
H. microcephalus Sher, 1966
H. microdorus Prasad, Khan & Chawla, 1965
H. microlobus Perry in Perry, Darling & Thorne, 1959
H. microtylus Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
H. multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Golden, 1956
H. obliquus Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
H. oscephalus Anderson, 1979
H. platyurus Perry in Perry, Darling & Thorne, 1959
181
F. Shahina et al.
H. pseudorobustus (Steiner, 1914) Golden, 1956
H. seshadrii Singh & Khera, 1980
H. siddiqi Zarina & Akhter, 2016
H. striatus Firoza & Maqbool, 1994
H. thornei Roman, 1965
H. urobeles Anderson, 1978
H. verecundus Zarina & Maqbool, 1991
H. wajihi Sultan, 1981
H. willmottae Siddiqi, 1972
Hemicriconemoides brachyurus (Loos, 1949) Chitwood & Birchfield, 1959
H. cocophillus (Loos, 1949) Chitwood &Brichfield, 1957
H. communis Edward & Misra, 1964
H. gaddi (Loos, 1949) Chitwood & Birchfield, 1957
H. ghaffari Maqbool, 1982
H. mangiferae Siddiqi, 1961
H. strictathecatus Esser, 1960
Hemicycliophora gracilis Thorne, 1955
H. veechi Maqbool, Shahina & Zarina, 1986
Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924
H. bergeniae Maqbool & Shahina, 1988
H. cajani Koshy, 1967
H. cruciferae Franklin, 1945
H. cynodontis Shahina & Maqbool, 1989
H. fici Kirjanova, 1954
H. mani Mathews, 1971
H. mothi Khan & Husain, 1965
H. oryzae Luc & Berdon Brizuela, 1961
H. pakistanensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
H. sacchari Luc & Merny, 1963
H. schachtii Schmidt, 1871
H. zeae Koshy, Swarup & Sethi, 1971
Hirschmanniella gracilis (de Man, 1880) Luc & Goodey, 1964
H. magna Siddiqi, 1966
H. mexicana (Chitwood, 1951) Sher, 1968
H. mucronata (Das, 1960) Luc & Goodey, 1964
H. oryzae (Van Breda de Haan, 1902) Khan, Siddiqi, Khan, Hussain & Saxena, 1964
H. spinicaudata (Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1944) Luc & Goodey, 1964
Hoplolaimus aegypti Shafiee & Koura, 1969
H. californicus Sher, 1963
H. columbus Sher, 1963
H. dimorphicus Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976
H. dubius Chaturvedi & Khera, 1979
H. galeatus (Cobb, 1913) Thorne, 1935
H. indicus Sher, 1963
H. pararobustus (Schuurmans Stekhoven &Teunissen, 1938) Sher, 1963
H. seinhorsti Luc, 1958
H. seshadrii Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976
H. stephanus Sher, 1963
182
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
H. tabacum Firoza, Nasira & Maqbool, 1990
H. tylenchiformis Daday, 1905
Irantylenchus clavidorus Kheiri, 1972
Karachinema elongatum Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Longidorus africanus Merny, 1966
L. elongatus (de Man, 1876) Thorne & Swanger, 1936
L. pisi Edward, Misra & Singh, 1964
L. trapezoides Nasira & Maqbool, 1995
Macroposthonia coomansi De Grisse, 1967
M. curvata alpina Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
Malenchus andrassyi Merny, 1970
M. exiguus (Massey, 1969) Andrassy, 1980
M. fusiformis (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Siddiqi, 1979
M. labiatus Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
M. nanellus Siddiqi, 1979
M. platycephalus (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Andrassy, 1981
M. pyri Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949
M. graminicola Golden & Birchfield, 1965,
M. hapla Chitwood, 1949
M. incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949
M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949
M. pakistanica Shahina, Nasira, Salma, Mehreen & Bhatti, 2015
Merlinius adakensis Bernard, 1984
M. alboranensis (Tobar-Jimenez, 1970) Tarjan, 1973
M. bavaricus (Sturhan, 1966) Siddiqi, 1970
M. bilqeesae Khan & Khan, 1995
M. brevidens (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970
M. indicus Zarina & Maqbool, 1995
M. microdorus (Geraert, 1966) Siddiqi, 1970
M. montanus Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
M. nagerensis Sagir & Erum, 2017
M. nanus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970
M. niazae Maqbool, Fatima & Hashmi, 1983
M. nothus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1980
M. pistaciae Fatima & Farooq, 1992
M. pseudobavaricus Saltukoglu, Geraert & Coomans, 1976
M. pyri Fatima & Farooq, 1992
Nagelus saifulmulukensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
N. varians (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Siddiqi, 1986
Neodolichorhynchus (Mulkorhynchus) indicus Erum, Mussarat & Shahina, 2011
Neopsilenchus (Acusilenchus) bilineatus Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
N. (Neopsilenchus) curvistylus Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
N. (Neopsilenchus) minor (Geraert, 1968) Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
N. (Neopsilenchus) peshawarensis Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
Neothada major Maqbool & Shahina, 1989
Neotylenchus spp.
Nothotylenchus basiri Khan, 1965
183
F. Shahina et al.
N. goldeni Maqbool, 1982
Ogma multiannulata Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
O. qamari Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
O. sadabhari Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
Ottolenchus azadkashmirensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
O. facultativus (Szczygiel, 1970) Brzeski, 1982
O. longicauda Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Pakcriconemoides anastomoides (Maqbool & Shahina, 1985) Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
Paralongidorus beryllus Siddiqi & Hussain, 1965
P. citri (Siddiqi, 1959) Siddiqi, Hooper & Khan, 1963
P. lemoni Nasira, Shahina, Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
P. major Verma, 1973
P. xiphinemoides Heyns, 1965
Paraphelenchus litoralis Akhtar, 1962
P. sacchari Hussain & Khan, 1967
Paraphelenchus spp.
Pararotylenchus microstylus Maqbool, Ghazala, Fatima & Qasim, 1985
Paratrichodorus faisalabadensis Nasira & Maqbool, 1994
P. minor (Colbran, 1956) Siddiqi, 1974
P. mirzai (Siddiqi, 1960) Siddiqi, 1974
P. psidii Nasira & Maqbool, 1994
P. renifer Siddiqi, 1974
Paratrophurus anomalus Kleynhans & Heyns, 1983
Paratylenchus hamatus Thorne & Allen, 1950
P. holdemani Raski, 1975
P. italiensis Raski, 1975
P. manilkarii Erum, Nasir, Nasira & Shahina, 2019
P. nainianus Edward & Misra, 1963
P. nanus Cobb, 1923
P. projectus Jenkins, 1956
P. salubris Raski, 1975
P. sindhicus Erum, Nasir, Nasira & Shahina, 2019
P. karachiensis Zarina & Akhter, 2016
P. tateae Wu & Townshend, 1973
Paurodontella balochistanica Handoo, Erum, Nasira & Shahina, 2010
P. myceliophaga Handoo, Erum, Nasira & Shahina, 2010
P. sohailai Maqbool, 1982
Paurodontus similis Siddiqi, 1961
Pratylenchoides maqsoodi Maqbool & Shahina, 1989
Pratylenchus alleni Ferris, 1961
P. brachyurus (Godfrey, 1929) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
P. coffeae (Zimmermann, 1898) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
P. crenatus Loof, 1960
P. delatterei (Luc, 1958) Handoo & Golden, 1989
P. flakkensis Seinhorst, 1968
P. goodeyi Sher & Allen, 1953
P. hexincisus Taylor & Jenkins, 1957
P. kralli Ryss, 1982
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Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
P. neglectus (Rensch, 1924) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
P. penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev & Schuurma Stekhoven, 1941
P. portulacus Zarina & Maqbool, 1998
P. pratensis (de Man, 1880) Filipjev, 1936
P. pseudofallax Café-Filo & Huang, 1989
P. pseudopratensis Seinhorst, 1968
P. roseus Zarina & Maqbool, 1998
P. sacchari (Soltwedel, 1888) Filipjev, 1936
P. scribneri Steiner in Sherbakoff & Stanley, 1943
P. sefaensis Fortuner, 1973
P. similis Khan & Singh, 1975
P. sudanensis Loof & Yassin, 1971
P. thornei Sher & Allen, 1953
P. vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951
P. zeae Graham, 1951
Psilenchus aestuarius Andrassy, 1962
P. hilarulus de Man, 1921
P. hilarus Siddiqi, 1963
P. iranicus Kheiri, 1970
P. khuzarensis Khan, Batool & Khatoon, 2004
P. minor Siddiqi, 1963
Quinisulcius acutoides (Thorne & Malik, 1968) Siddiqi, 1971
Q. acutus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1971
Q. capitatus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1971
Q. curvus (Williams, 1960) Siddiqi, 1970
Q. quaidi Zarina & Maqbool, 1992
Q. solani Maqbool, 1982
Radopholus allius Shahina & Maqbool, 1996
R. brassicae Shahina & Maqbool, 1996
R. similis (Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949
Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb, 1919) Goodey, 1960
Rotylenchulus parvus (Williams, 1960) Sher, 1961
R. reniformis Linford & Oliveira, 1940
Rotylenchus alii Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
R. buxophilus Golden, 1956
R. capsicumi Firoza & Maqbool, 1991
R. cypriensis Antoniou, 1980
R. dalhousiensis Sultan & Jairajpuri, 1979
R. fragaricus Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
R. goldeni Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
R. himprus (Sultan, 1980) Fortuner, 1987
R. jagatpurensis Sultan, 1985
R. karachiensis (Maqbool & Ghazala, 1984) Fortuner, 1987
R. pakistanensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
R. robustus (de Man, 1876) Filipjev, 1936
R. siddiqii (Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976) Fortuner, 1987
Scutellonema bradys (Steiner & LeHew, 1933) Andrassy, 1958
S. brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrassy, 1958
185
F. Shahina et al.
Scutylenchus baluchiensis Maqbool, Ghazala, Fatima & Qasim, 1985
S. fici Farooq & Fatima, 1994
S. koreanus (Choi & Geraert, 1971) Siddiqi, 1979
S. quettensis Maqbool, Ghazala & Fatima, 1984
S. rugosus (Siddiqi, 1963) Siddiqi, 1979
Seinura nagini Husain & Khan, 1965
S. oostenbrinki Husain & Khan, 1967
Stictylus spp.
Subanguina balochia Erum, Shahina & Siddiqi, 2008
Telomalenchus williamsi (Geraert & Raski, 1986) Siddiqi, 2000
Telotylenchus indicus Siddiqi, 1960
Tetylenchus spp.
Trichodorus obtusus Cobb, 1913
T. pakistanensis Siddiqi, 1962
Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (Cassidy, 1930) Golden, 1971
T. brassicae Siddiqi, 1961
T. clarus Allen, 1955
T. claytoni Steiner, 1937
T. crassicaudatus Williams, 1960
T. cylindricus Cobb, 1913
T. elegans Siddiqi, 1961
T. ewingi Hopper, 1959
T. fatimae Khan, Saeed & Akhtar, 2004
T. gossypii Nasira & Maqbool, 1996
T. handooi Khan, 2004
T. intervallatus (Tobar-Jimenez, 1970) Fortunr & Luc, 1987
T. kegasawai Minagawa, 1995
T. leviterminalis Siddiqi, Mukherjee & Dasgupta, 1982
T. madrasensis Gupta & Uma, 1981
T. manubriatus Litvinova, 1946
T. mashhoodi Siddiqi & Basir, 1959
T. nudus Allen, 1955
T. obscurisulcatus Andrassy, 1959
T. penniseti Gupta & Uma, 1980
T. qasimii Mussarat, Handoo & Shahina, 2008
T. quaidi Golden, Maqbool & Handoo, 1987
T. rosei Zarina & Maqbool, 1991
T. striatus Allen, 1955
T. swatiensis Nasira, Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
T. trilineatus Timm, 1963
T. tritici Golden, Maqbool & Handoo, 1987
T. tuberosus Zarina & Maqbool, 1994
Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913
Tylenchus bhitai Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
T. butteus Thorne & Malek, 1968
T. hamatus Thorne & Malek, 1968
T. naranensis Maqbool, Zarina & Ghazala, 1987
T. pakistanensis Farooq, Fatima & Khan, 1991
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Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
T. sandneri Wasilewska, 1965
T. skarduensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
T. uniformis Cobb, 1893
Xiphinema americanum Cobb, 1913
X. basiri Siddiqi, 1959
X. bergeri Luc, 1973
X. bolandium Coomans & Heyns, 1985
X. brevicolle Lordello & Da Costa, 1961
X. californicum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979
X. chambersi Thorne, 1939
X. cynodontis Nasira & Maqbool, 1994
X. diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927) Thorne, 1939
X. elongatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938
X. index Thorne & Allen, 1950
X. insigne Loos, 1949
X. intermedium Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979
X. karachiense Nasira, Firoza & Maqbool, 1992
X. machoni Hunt, 1980
X. oxycaudatum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979
X. pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938) Kirjanova, 1951
X. pachydermum Sturhan, 1983
X. pakistanensis Nasira & Maqbool, 1998
X. radicicola Goodey, 1936
X. rivesi Dalmasso, 1969
X. rotundatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938
X. thornei Lamberti & Golden, 1986
Zygotylenchus guevarai (Tobar-Jimenez, 1963) Braun & Loof, 1966
SPECIES OF FREE-LIVING SOIL NEMATODES
Acrobeles complaxus Thorne, 1925
A. geraerti Rashid, Heyns & Coomans, 1990
A. mariannae Andrassy, 1968
A. ornatus Thorne, 1925
Acrebeloides bodenhemeri (Steiner, 1936) Thorne, 1937
A. enoploides Loof, 1971
A. gossypii Ashfaque, Shahina & Nasira, 2019
A. saeedi Siddiqi, Ley & Khan, 1992
Alaimus minor Cobb, 1893
Allodorylaimus americanus Andrassy, 1986
Amphibelondira sindhicus Ashfaque, Nasira & Shahina, 2019
Anatonchus valitangiensis Khan & Saeed, 1987
Aprocelaimellus goldeni Khan & Fatima, 1980
A. obscures (Thorne & Swanger, 1936) Heyns, 1965
A. obtusicaudatus (Bastian, 1865) Altherr, 1960
A. sacchari Khan, 1989
A. taylori Yeates, 1967
Aprocelaimus cocophilus Loos, 1949
187
F. Shahina et al.
A. digitalis Loos, 1949
A. spiralis (Cobb, 1913) Thorne & Swanger, 1936
Axodorylaimellus aghai Siddiqi, 1983
Axonchium gigas Thorne, 1939
A. indicum Siddiqi, 1964
A. mauritiense Williams, 1958
A. oostenbrinki Khan & Ahmad, 1970
Basirotyleptus (Basirotyleptus) basiri (Jairajpuri, 1964) Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1992
Belondira paraclava Jairajpuri, 1964
Belondira spp.
Brevibucca saprophaga Goodey, 1935
Bursilla monohystera Butschili, 1873
Carcharolaimus spp.
Cephalobus litoralis (Akhter, 1962) Andrassy, 1984
C. nanus de Man, 1880
C. persignis Bastian, 1865
C. sacchari Shahina & Tabassum, 2002
Cervidellus spp.
Chiloplacus longiuterus Rashid & Heyns, 1990
Chiloplacus spp.
Chrysonema mauritiana Williams, 1959
Clarkus papillatus (Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970
Crustorhabditis scanica (Allgen, 1949) Andrassy, 1983
Cruznema brzeskii (Brzeski, 1989) Sudhaus & Hooper, 1994
C. tripartitum (Linstow, 1906) Zullini, 1982
Cryptochus spp.
Cuticularia regenfussi (Sudhaus, 1980) Andrassy, 1983
Demaniella cibourgensis Steiner, 1914
Diphtherophora spp.
Diplogaster spp.
Diploscapter coronata (Cobb, 1893) Cobb, 1913
Discolaimium australe (Yeates, 1967) Andrassy, 1990
D. brachyurum Husain & Siddiqi, 1967
D. capitulum Shahina, Mussarat & Siddiqi, 2005
D. gracile Thorne, 1939
D. pakistaninum Timm, 1963
D. upum Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1968
Discolaimus acuticapitus Furstenberg & Heyns, 1966
D. bulbiferus (Cobb, 1906) Thorne & Swanger, 1936
D. lahorensis Khan, 1998
D. major Thorne, 1939
D. pakistanense Nasira, Shahina & Erum, 2008
D. similis Thorne, 1939
D. texanus Cobb, 1913
Discomyctus spp.
Distolabrellus veechi Anderson, 1983
D. pakistanensis Tabassum, Shahina, Firoza & Siddiqi, 2005
Dorylaimellus clavicaudatus Williams, 1958
188
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
D. vexator Heyns, 1963
Dorylaimoides (Acridorylaimoides) arcuatus Siddiqi, 1964
D. (Digidorylaimoides) pakistanensis Siddiqi, 1964
D. (Dorylaimoides) parateres Siddiqi, 1964
Dolichorhabditis dolichura (Schneider, 1866) Andrassy, 1983
Dorylaimus bastiani Butschli, 1873
D. biroi Daday, 1899
D. granuliferus Cobb, 1893
D. stagnalis Dujardin, 1845
D. subsimilis Cobb, 1893
Doryllium minor Jairajpuri, 1963
Doryllium spp.
Drilocephalobus alykhani Siddiqi, 2001
Ecumenicus monohystera (de Man, 1880) Thorne, 1974
Elongidorylaimellus lanceolatus Siddiqi, 1983
Enchodelus arcuatus Thorne, 1939
E. macrodorus (de Man, 1880) Thorne, 1939
Eucephalobus spp.
Eudorylaimus andersoni Khan, 1989
E. magestri Andrassy, 1986
E. major
E. minusculus (Loos, 1946) Siddiqi, 1969
E. subjunctus Loof, 1971
E. varians Thorne, 1974
Eudorylaimus spp.
Heterodorus longidens (Jairajpuri & Loof, 1968) Andrassy, 2009
Jamilius adenophorus Siddiqi, 1983
J. jamili Siddiqi, 1983
Labronema digitatum Sakul, Das & Mitra, 1975
L. mauritiense Williams, 1959
Laimydorus pseudostagnalis (Micoletzky, 1927) Siddiqi, 1969
L. wirisi Tabassum, Shahina & Nasira, 2006
Latocephalus smithi (Heyns, 1963) Patil & Khan, 1982
Leptonchus granulosus Cobb, 1920
Leptonchus spp.
Longidorella (Kantbhala) allii Suryawanshi, 1971
L. (Saevadorella) tharensis Nasira, Shahina & Firoza, 2010
Longidorella spp.
Lordellonema subannulatum Tabassum, Shahina & Siddiqi, 2005
Macrolaimus spp.
Mesodorylaimus aberrans Loof, 1969
M. bastiani (Butschli, 1873) Andrassy, 1959
M. clavicaudatus (Thorne & Swanger, 1936) Andrassy, 1959
M. mehraniensis Khan & Saeed, 1986
Mesorhabditis cranganorensis (Khera, 1968) Sudhaus, 1976
M. minuta Bostrom, 1991
M. striatica Dassonville & Heyns, 1984
Miconchus dalhousiensis Jairajpuri, 1969
189
F. Shahina et al.
Microdorylaimus miser (Thorne & Swanger, 1936) Andrassy, 1986
Mononchoides andrassyi Timm, 1961
Mononchus aquaticus Coetzee, 1968
M. papillatus Bastian, 1865
Mononchus spp.
Moshajia qasmi Zarina & Shahina, 2007
M. teres Tabassum, Shahina & Siddiqi, 2005
Mylonchulus amurus Khan & Jairajpuri, 1979
M. brachyuris Butschli, 1873
M.contractus Jairajpuri, 1970
M. lacustis (Cobb in Cobb, 1915) Andrassy, 1958
M. minor (Cobb, 1893) Andrassy, 1958
M. nainitalensis Jairajpuri, 1970
M. paitensis Yeates, 1992
M. rosensis Khan, 1975
M. sigmaturus (Cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1953
Mylonchulus spp.
Neodiplogaster spp.
Nygolaimellus abnormis Loos, 1949
Nygolaimoides spp.
Nygolaimus gigantus Shahina, Erum & Siddiqi, 2005
N. neominimus Shahina, Erum & Siddiqi, 2005
N. vulgaris Thorne, 1930
Oscheius andrassi Tabassum & Shahina, 2008
O. citri Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. cobbi Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. cynodonti Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. esculentus Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. karachiensis Tabassum & Nasir, 2018
O. maqbooli Tabassum & Shahina 2002
O. niazii Tabassum & Shahina, 2010
O. punctata Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. sacchari Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. shamimi Tehseen & Nisa, 2006
O. siddiqi Tabassum & Shahina, 2010
Pakmylonchulus amurus Khan & Saeed, 1987
Panagrolaimus rigidis (Schneider, 1866) Thorne, 1937
Panagrolaimus spp.
Paradorylaimus dorsocaudali Nasira, Israr & Shahnia, 2017
Paroriverutus Carbonell & Coomans, 1982
P. timmi Khan, 1994
Pelliodites typica (Stefanski, 1922) Dougherty, 1955
Poronemella divulgata Tabassum, Shahina & Siddiqi, 2005
Prismatolaimus intermedius (Butschli, 1873) de Man, 1880
Prodorylaimus spp.
Propanagrolaimus hygrophilus (Bassen, 1940) Andrassy, 2005
Pseudacrobeles spp.
190
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Pungentus engadinensis Alterr, 1950
Pungentus spp.
Rashidanema cognatum (Siddiqi, 1983) Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1992
Rhabditis karachiensis Khan, Seema, Khan, Qamar & Anwarullah, 1992
R. longicaudatus (Bastian, 1865) Osche, 1952
R. marious Maupas, 1899
R. producta (Schneider, 1866) Linstow, 1878
R. terricola Dujardin, 1845
Rhabditis spp.
Rhabditophanes brassicae Fuchs, 1930
Rhitis luci (Andrassy, 1982) Andrassy, 1983
Sindellus sindi Siddiqi, 1983
Solididens swatiensis Nasira, Shahina & Maqbool, 1999
Talanema mauritiense (Williams, 1959) Andrassy, 1990
Teratorhabditus andrassyi Tahseen & Jairajpuri, 1988
Thonus saccatus Thorne, 1974
Thornenema maruitianum (Williams, 1959) Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1969
Timminema pakistanicum Khan, 1977
Tricephalobus longicaudatus (Bütschli, 1873) Steiner, 1936
Tylencholaimus cynodonti Nasira, Erum & Shahina, 2005
T. gertii Kruger, 1965
T. nagauriensis Baqri & Bohra, 2001
T. proximus Thorne, 1939
Tylencholaimus spp.
Xiphinemella ornata (Loos, 1949) Loos, 1950
Zeldia punctata (Thorne, 1925) Thorne, 1937
SPECIES OF FREE-LIVING MARINE NEMATODES
Achromadora ruricola (de Man, 1880) Micoletzky, 1925
Achromadora spp.
Aegialoalaimus spp.
Anoplostoma sunderbanae Timm, 1967
Arabanema pakistanensis Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Araeolaimus elegans de Man, 1888
A. texianus Chitwood, 1951
Aulolaimus mubarakvilli Salma, Saima, Nasira & Shahina, 2018
A. rashidae Shahina, Hunt & Siddiqi, 1996
Bathyeurystomina minima Nasira, Shahina & Shamim, 2014
Bathylaimus australis Cobb, 1894
Belbolla longispiculata Nasira, Shahina & Shamim, 2014
Calomicrolaimus arenarius Blome, 1982
Camacolaimus tardus de Man, 1889
Camacolaimus spp.
Choanolaimus spp.
Chromadora nudicapitata Bastian, 1865
Chronogaster typica (de Man, 1921) de Coninck, 1937
191
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Cinctonema papillata Timm, 1962
Cobbia macrostoma Timm, 1963
Cyatholaimus spp.
Daptonema spp.
Dentolaimoides papillifer Khan, 1994
Desmodora (Pseudochromadora) cliftensis Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Desmoscolex spp.
Diodontolaimus karachiensis Nasira, Kamran & Shahina, 2005
Diplolaimella dievengatensis Jacobs, Velde, Geraert & Vranken, 1990
Diplolaimelloides delyi Andrassy, 1958
Dracograllus demanii Allen & Noffsinger, 1978
Eleutherolaimus inglisi Timm, 1967
E. longus Filipjev, 1922
E. obtusicaudatus Allgen, 1947
Endeolophos minutus Gerlach, 1967
Enoplolaimus karachiensis Maqbool, Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 1999
Eurystomina indica Yoshimura, 1980
Eurystomina spp.
Geomonhystera dubia Siddiqi & Shahina, 2004
G. karuni Siddiqi &Shahina, 2004
Gonionchus arabica Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 2003
Graphonema spp.
Halalaimus gidanensis Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 2002
Halaphanolaimus marinus Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2010
Halichoanolaimus balochiensis Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Heliplectus dorsalis Cobb in Chitwood, 1956
H. gracilis Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
H. minor Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
H. monodelphis Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
H. pakistanensis Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
H. paradorsalis Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
H. robustus Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
Heliplectus spp.
Hypodontolaimus spp.
Ionema cobbi Timm, 1963
Ironus dentifurcatus Agro & Heyns, 1972
Leptolaimus luridus Timm, 1963
Leptosomatum ranjhai Timm, 1960
Linhomoeus spp.
Marylynnia musharafii Nasira, Kamran & Shahina, 2007
Megadesmolaimus contortus Timm, 1962
Megalolaimus spp.
Metachromadora (Metachromadoroides) remanei Gerlach, 1951
Metalinhomoeus karachiensis Timm, 1962
Metoncholaimus medispiculatum Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
M. siddiqii Shahina, Nasira & Shamim, 2015
Microlaimus arenicola Schulz, 1938
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M. amphidius Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
M. karachiensis Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
M. sonmianensis Nasira, Maqbool, Turpeenniemi & Zarina, 2000
Monhystera karachiensis Timm, 1963
M. parelegantula De Coninck, 1943
Monhystrella spp.
Monochromadora spp.
Monoposthia spp.
Odontolaimus spp.
Odontophora hawskbiensis Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Oncholaimus oxyuris Ditlevsen, 1911
O. paraoxyuris Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
Onyx balochiensis Nasira, Rehmat & Shahina, 2011
Oxystomina elongata Butschli, 1874
Panduripharynx spp.
Paracanthonchus sandspitensis Nasira, Kamran & Shahina, 2007
P. hawaiiensis Allgen, 1951
Paracomesoma longispiculum Timm, 1961
Paraethmolaimus appendixocaudatus Jensen, 1994
Paralinhomoeus dubius Timm, 1961
Paramonhystera (Leptogastrella) pellucida Cobb, 1920
P. (Paramonhystera) longicaudata Timm, 1963
Paraphanolaimus granuliferus Timm, 1963
Pareurystomina vaughtae Keppner, 1989
Parodontophora cobbi Timm, 1963
P. pacifica (Allgen, 1947) Timm, 1963
Pelagonema spp.
Plectus (Ceratoplectus) armatus (Butschli, 1873) Andrassy, 1984
P. karachiensis Shahina, Tabassum & Maqbool, 2001
P. peritinus Bastian, 1865
P. raabei Brzeski, 1963
P. tenuis Bastian, 1865
Plectus spp.
Pseudollela granulifera Cobb, 1920
Ptycholaimellus sindhicus Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Rhynchonema scutatum Lorenzen, 1971
Rogerus spp.
Sabatieria microsetosa Timm, 1967
Sphaerolaimus gracilis de Man, 1876
S. maeoticus Filipjev, 1922
Spilophorella candida Gerlach, 1951
Spirinia (Perspiria) striaticaudata (Timm, 1962) Wieser & Hooper, 1967
Steineria simplex Timm, 1963
S. pilosa brevisetosa Timm, 1957
Stephanolaimus spp.
Synonchium marina Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
S. oblongus Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
193
F. Shahina et al.
S. pakistanense Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
Syringolaimus brevicaudatus Micoletzky, 1922
Terschellingia communis de Man, 1888
T. lissa Timm, 1962
T. longicaudata de Man, 1907
T. longissimicaudata Timm, 1962
T. magna Timm, 1962
T. mora Gerlach, 1956
Thalassironus qatarense Nasira, Kamran, Shahina & Kazmi, 2006
Theristus cylindricus Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
T. flevensis Stekhoven, 1935
T. (Penzancia) karachiense Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
T. longisetifer Kito & Aryuthaka, 1998
T. otoplanobius Gerlach, 1951
T. (Cylindrotheristus) poloris Cobb, 1914
T. (Cylindrotheristus) normandicus de Man, 1890
Trefusia spp.
Trichotheristus floridanus Wieser & Hopper, 1967
Trichotheristus spp.
Trichromadorita arinus Khan, 1991
Triconema spp.
Trissonchulus benepapillosus Schulz, 1935
T. lichenii Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 2002
T. oceanus Cobb, 1920
Viscosia elegans Kreis, 1924
Willsonema promissum Khan, Seema & Khan, 1990
SPECIES OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976
H. indica Poinar, Karunakar & David, 1992
H. pakistanense Shahina, Tabassum, Salma, Mehreen & Knoetze, 2016
Steinernema abbasi Elawad, Ahmad & Reid, 1997
S. affine (Bovien, 1937) Wouts, Mracek, Gerdin & Bedding, 1982
S. asiaticum Anis, Shahina, Reid & Rowe, 2002
S. balochiense Shahina, Tabassum, Shaukat, Sarwar, Mehreen & Salma, 2015
S. bifurcatum Shahina, Xun, Qiu, Han, Mahreen, Tabassum & Salma, 2014
S. carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) Wouts, Mracek, Gerdin & Bedding, 1982
S. cholashanense Nguyen, Puza & Mracek, 2008
S. feltiae Filipjev, 1934
S. litorale Yoshida, 2004
S. maqbooli Shahina, Tabassum, Mehreen & Salma, 2013
S. pakistanense Shahina, Anis, Reid, Rowe & Maqbool, 2001
S. siamkayai Stock, Somsook & Reid, 1998
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TAXONOMIC POSITION OF NEMATODE FAUNA OF PAKISTAN
Phylum: Nematoda Rudolphi, 1808 (Lankester, 1877)
syn. Nemata Cobb, 1919 (1932)
Class: Secernentea von Linstow, 1905
syn. Phasmidia Chitwood & Chitwood, 1933
Tylenchida Thorne, 1949
Tylenchina Chitwood in Chitwood & Chitwood, 1950
Tylenchoidea (Orley, 1880) Chitwood & Chitwood, 1937
Tylenchidae Orley, 1880
Tylenchinae (Orley, 1880) Marcinowsky, 1909
Tylenchus Bastian, 1865
T. bhitai Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
T. butteus Thorne & Malek, 1968
T. hamatus Thorne & Malek, 1968
T. naranensis Maqbool, Zarina & Ghazala, 1987
T. pakistanensis Farooq, Fatima & Khan, 1991
T. sandneri Wasilewska, 1965
syn. T. cerealis Kheiri, 1970
T. skarduensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
T. uniformis Cobb, 1893
syn. Anguillulina uniformis (Cobb) Goodey, 1932
Filenchus (Andrassy, 1954) Meyl, 1961
F. afghanicus (Khan & Khan, 1978) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Tylenchus afghanicus Khan & Khan, 1978
F. cylindricus (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Niblack & Barnard, 1985
F. ditissimus (Brzeski, 1963) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Tylenchus ditissimus Brzeski, 1963
F. filiformis (Butschli, 1873) Meyl, 1961
syn. Tylenchus filiformis Butschli, 1873
Anguillulina filiformis (Butschli) Goodey, 1922
T. vulgaris Brzeski, 1963
F. maqbooli Aatika, Nasira & Shahina, 2017
F. microdorus Chawla, Prasad, Khan & Nand, 1969
F. parvissimus (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Tylenchus parvissimus Thorne & Malek, 1968
F. sheri (Khan & Khan, 1978) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Tylenchus sheri Khan & Khan, 1978
F. sindhicus Shahina & Maqbool, 1994
F. vulgaris (Brzeski, 1963) Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1985
syn. Tylenchus vulgaris Brzeski, 1963
Filenchus conicephalus Siddiqi & Khan, 1983
Aglenchus (Andrassy, 1954) Meyl, 1961
A. agricola (de Man, 1884) Meyl, 1961
syn. Tylenchus Agricola de Man, 1884
195
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Anguillulina Agricola (de Man) Goodey, 1932
Tylenchus filiformis apud de Man, 1876 et 1880
Tylenchus filiformis de Man, 1876 in Goodey, 1932
nec T. filiformis Butschli, 1873
Tylenchus paragricola Paetzold, 1958
A. paragricola (Paetzold) Meyl, 1961
A. mardanensis Maqbool, Shahina & Zarina, 1984
A. siddiqii Khan, Khan & Bilqees, 1992
Coslenchus Siddiqi, 1978
syn. Paktylenchus Maqbool, 1983
C. areolatus (Egunjobi, 1967) Siddiqi, 1978
syn. Tylenchus (Aglenchus) areolatus Egunjobi, 1967
C. costatus (de Man, 1921) Siddiqi, 1978
syn. Tylenchus costatus de Man, 1921
T. (Aglenchus) costatus de Man (Andrassy, 1954)
Aglenchus costatus (de Man) Meyl, 1961
Anguillulina costata (de Man) Goodey, 1932
T. buffalorae Altherr, 1950
Anguillulina buffalorae (Altherr) Altherr, 1952
Coslenchus buffalorae (Altherr) Siddiqi, 1986
T. (Aglenchus) neozelandicus Egunjobi, 1967
Coslenchus neozelandicus (Egunjobi) Siddiqi, 1986
C. tuberosus (Maqbool, 1983) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Paktylenchus tuberosus Maqbool, 1983
Irantylenchus Kheiri, 1972 (Andrassy, 1976)
I. clavidorus Kheiri, 1972
Boleodorinae Khan, 1964
Boleodorus Thorne, 1941
B. acutus Thorne & Malek, 1968
B. arachis Maqbool & Ghazala, 1986
B. azadkashmirensis Maqbool, Shahina & Firoza, 1990
B. neosimilis Geraert, 1971
syn. B. similis Thorne & Malek, 1968
B. pakistanensis Siddiqi, 1963
B. rafiqi Hussain & Khan, 1965
B. thylactus Thorne, 1941
B. volutus Lima & Siddiqi, 1963
B. zaini Maqbool, 1982
Basiria Siddiqi, 1959
B. bajorensis Khan & Bilqees, 1993
B. graminophila Siddiqi, 1959
syn. Tylenchus (Filenchus) graminophilus (Siddiqi) Goodey, 1963
B. incita Szczygiel, 1970
B. ritteri (Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1969) Bernard, 1980
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syn. Tylenchus (Clavilenchus) ritteri Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1969
Clavilenchus ritteri (Baqri & Jairajpuri) Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1969
Basiroides Thorne & Malek, 1968
B. citri Maqbool, Fatima & Shahina, 1984
B. sindhicus Maqbool, Fatima & Shahina, 1984
Neopsilenchus Thorne & Malek, 1968
N. (Acusilenchus) Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
N. (A.) bilineatus Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
N. (Neopsilenchus) Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
N. (N.) curvistylus Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
N. (N.) minor (Geraert, 1968) Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
syn. Basiria minor Geraert, 1968
Neopsilenchus minor (Geraert, 1968) Kheiri, 1972
N. (N.) peshawarensis Shahina & Maqbool, 1990
Thadinae Siddiqi, 1986
Neothada Khan, 1973
N. major Maqbool & Shahina, 1989
Duosulciinae Siddiqi, 1979
Duotylenchus Saha & Khan, 1982
D. bilineatus Saha & Khan, 1982
Malenchus Andrassy, 1968
M. andrassyi Merny, 1970
M. exiguous (Massey, 1969) Andrassy, 1980
syn. Aglenchus exiguous Massey, 1969
M. fusiformis (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Siddiqi, 1979
syn. Tylenchus fusiformis Thorne & Malek, 1968
Ottolenchus fusiformis (Thorne & Malek) Wu, 1970
M. labiatus Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
M. nanellus Siddiqi, 1979
M. platycephalus (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Andrassy, 1981
syn. Tylenchus platycephalus Thorne & Malek, 1968
Ottolenchus platycephalus (Thorne & Malek) Siddiqi &Hawksworth, 1982
M. pyri Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Telomalenchus Siddiqi, 2000
T. williamsi (Geraert & Raski, 1986) Siddiqi, 2000
Ottolenchus (Husain & Khan, 1967) Wu, 1970
O. azadkashmirensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
O. facultativus (Szczygiel, 1970) Brzeski, 1982
syn. Tylenchus facultativus Szczygiel, 1970
O. facultativus (Szczygiel) Siddiqi & Hawksworth, 1982
Malenchus piahyuensis Monteiro, 1974
197
F. Shahina et al.
Ottolenchus piahyuensis (Monteiro) Siddiqi, 1986
O. longicauda Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Tylodorinae Paramonov, 1967
Cephalenchus (Goodey, 1962) Golden, 1971
C. longicaudatus Maqbool & Ghazala, 1986
C. sacchari Maqbool, Fatima & Shahina, 1984
Eutylenchus Cobb, 1913
Eutylenchus spp.
Epicharinematinae Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Karachinema Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
K. elongatum Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Hoplolaimidae Filipjev, 1934
Hoplolaiminae Filipjev, 1934
Hoplolaimus Von Daday, 1905
syn. Basirolaimus Shamsi, 1979
H. aegypti Shafiee & Koura, 1969
syn. Basirolaimus aegypti (Shafiee & Kora, 1969) Shamsi, 1979
H. aegypti (Shafiee & Koura, 1969) Luc, 1981
B. aegypti (Shafiee & Koura, 1969) Siddiqi, 1986
H. californicus Sher, 1963
syn. Hoplolaimoides californicus (Sher, 1963) Shakil, 1973
Hoplolaimus californicus (Sher, 1963) Siddiqi, 1986
H. columbus Sher, 1963
syn. B. columbus (Sher, 1963) Shamsi, 1979
H. columbus (Sher, 1963) Luc, 1981
B. columbus (Sher, 1963) Siddiqi, 1986
H. dimorphicus Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976
syn. B. dimorphicus (Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976) Shamsi, 1979
H. dimorphicus (Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976) Luc, 1981
B. dimorphicus (Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976) Siddiqi, 1986
H. dubius Chaturvedi & Khera, 1979
syn. B. dubius (Chaturvedi & Khera, 1979) siddiqi, 1986
H. galeatus (Cobb, 1913) Thorne, 1935
syn. Nemonchus galeatus Cobb, 1913
Hoplolaimus coronatus Cobb, 1923
H. indicus Sher, 1963
syn. B. indicus (Sher, 1963) Shamsi, 1979
H. indicus (Sher, 1963) Luc, 1981
H. arachidis (Maharaju & Das, 1982) Siddiqi, 1986
B. arachidis (Maharaju & Das, 1982) Siddiqi, 1986
B. indicus (Sher, 1963) Siddiqi, 1986
H. pararobustus (Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938) Sher, 1963
syn. Tylenchorhynchus robustus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1936
T. pararobustus Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938
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Rotylenchus pararobustus (Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen)
Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
Hoplolaimus proporicus Goodey, 1957
Gotholddteineria pararobusta (Schuurmans Stekhoven &
Teunissen) Andrassy, 1958
Hoplolaimus angustalatus Whitehead, 1959
H. kittenbergeri Andrassy, 1961
H. seinhorsti Luc, 1958
syn. B. seinhorsti (Luc, 1958) Shamsi, 1979
H. seinhorsti (Luc, 1958) Luc, 1981
B. seinhorsti (Luc, 1958) Siddiqi, 1986
H. seshadrii Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976
syn. B. seshadrii (Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976) Shamsi, 1979
H. seshadrii (Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976) Luc, 1981
B. seshadrii (Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976 Siddiqi, 1986
H. stephanus Sher, 1963
H. tabacum Firoza, Nasira & Maqbool, 1990
H. tylenchiformis Daday, 1905
syn. Criconema tylenchiformis (Daday) Micoletzky, 1917
Scutellonema Andrassy, 1958
S. bradys (Steiner & LeHew, 1933) Andrassy, 1958
syn. Hoplolaimus bradys Steiner & LeHew, 1933
Anguillulina bradys (Steiner & LeHew) Goodey, 1935
Rotylenchus bradys (Steiner & LeHew) Filipjev, 1936
R. blaberus Steiner, 1937
Scutellonema blaberum (Steiner, 1937) Andrassy, 1958
S. dioscoreae Lordello, 1959
S. brachyurus (Steiner, 1938) Andrassy, 1958
Rotylenchus Filipjev, 1936
R. alii Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
R. buxophilus Golden, 1956
syn. R. sheri Jairajpuri, 1964
R. capsicumi Firoza & Maqbool, 1991
R. cypriensis Antoniou, 1980
R. dalhousiensis Sultan & Jairajpuri, 1979
R. fragaricus Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
R. goldeni Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
R. himprus (Sultan, 1980) Fortuner, 1987
syn. Orientylus himprus Sultan, 1980
Varotylus himprus (Sultan, 1980) Siddiqi, 1986
R. jagatpurensis Sultan, 1985
R. karachiensis (Maqbool & Ghazala, 1984) Fortuner, 1987
syn. Orientylus karachiensis Maqbool & Ghazala, 1984
R. pakistanensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
R. robustus (de Man, 1876) Filipjev, 1936
syn. Hoplolaimus uniformis Thorne, 1979
199
F. Shahina et al.
Scutellonema picea Gubina, 1973
R. siddiqii (Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976) Fortuner, 1987
syn. Orietylus siddiqii (Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976) Jairajpuri & Siddqi, 1970
Varotylus siddqii (Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1976) Siddiqi, 1986
Pararotylenchus Baldwin & Bell, 1981
P. microstylus Maqbool, Ghazala, Fatima & Qasim, 1985
Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945
H. abuharazi Zeidan & Geraert, 1990
H. abunaamai Siddiqi, 1972
H. arachisi Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1975
H. californicus Sher, 1966
H. canadensis Waseem, 1961
syn. H. cairnsi Waseem, 1961
H. cavenessi Sher, 1966
H. certus Eroshenko & Nguen Vu Tkhan, 1981
H. conicephalus Siddiqi, 1972
H. crenacauda Sher, 1966
syn. H. pteracercus Singh, 1971
H. paracrenacauda Phukan & Sanwal, 1981
H. pteracercusoides Fotedar & Kaul, 1985
H. digonicus Perry in Perry, Darling & Thorne, 1959
syn. H. broadbalkiensis Yuen, 1964
H. dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961
syn. Tylenchus dihystera Cobb, 1893
T. olaae Cobb, 1906
T. ylenchorhynchus olaae (Cobb) Micoletzky, 1922
Helicotylenchus olaae (Cobb) Siddiqi, 1986
Aphelenchus dubius var. peruensis Steiner, 1920
Tylenchus spiralis Cassidy, 1930
Helicotylenchus spiralis (Cassidy) Siddiqi, 1986
H. nannus Steiner, 1945
H. crenatus Das, 1960
H. flatus Roman, 1965
H. punicae Swarup & Sethi, 1968
H. paraconcavus Rashid & Khan, 1974
H. discocephalus Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
H. egyptiensis Tarjan, 1964
H. erythrinae (Zimmermann, 1904) Golden, 1956
syn. Tylenchus erythrinae Zimmermann, 1904
Tylenchorhynchus erythrinae (Zimmermann) Balley & Reydon, 1931
Anguillulina erythrinae (Zimmermann) Goodey, 1932
Rotylenchus erythrinae (Zimmermann) Goodey, 1951
R. melancholicus Lordello, 1955
H. melancholicus (Lordello) Andrassy, 1958
H. spicaudatus Tarjan, 1964
H. exallus Sher, 1966
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Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
syn. H. regularis Phillips, 1971
H. falcatus Eroshenko & Nguen Vu Thanh, 1981
H. goodi Tikyani, Khera & Bhatnagar, 1969
H. gulabi Jain, Siddiqui & Aruna Parihar, 2000
H. handooi Khan, Ghazi & Soomro, 2008
H. indicus Siddiqi, 1963
H. jasminii Jain, Siddiqui & Aruna Parihar, 2000
H. lemoni Firoza & Maqbool, 1996
H. lucernis Khan & Ahmad, 1970
H. macronatus Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1975
H. martini Sher, 1966
H. meloni Firoza & Maqbool, 1994
H. microcephalus Sher, 1966
H. microdorus Prasad, Khan & Chawla, 1965
H. microlobus Perry in Perry, Darling & Thorne, 1959
H. microtylus Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
H. multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Golden, 1956
syn. Tylenchus multicinctus Cobb, 1893
Tylenchorhynchus multicinctus (Cobb) Micoletzky, 1922
Anguillulina multicincta (Cobb) Goodey, 1932
Rotylenchus multicinctus (Cobb) Filipjev, 1936
R. iperoiguensis Carvalho, 1956
Helicotylenchus iperoiguensis (Carvalho) Andrassy, 1958
H. obliquus Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
H. oscephalus Anderson, 1979
H. platyurus Perry in Perry, Darling & Thorne, 1959
H. pseudorobustus (Steiner, 1914) Golden, 1956
syn. Tylenchus robustus var. pseudorobustus Steiner, 1914
H. seshadrii Singh & Khera, 1980
H. siddiqii Zarina & Akhter, 2016
H. striatus Firoza & Maqbool, 1994
H. thornei Roman, 1965
H. urobelus Anderson, 1978
H. verecundus Zarina & Maqbool, 1991
H. wajihi Sultan, 1981
H. willmottae Siddiqi, 1972
Rotylenchulinae Husain & Khan, 1967
Rotylenchulus Linford & Oliveira, 1940
R. parvus (Williams, 1960) Sher, 1961
syn. Helicotylenchus parvus Williams, 1960
R. reniformis Linford & Oliveira, 1940
syn. Tetylenchus nicotiana Yokoo & Tanaka in Tanaka & Tsumagori, 1954
Rotylenchulus nicotiana (Yokoo & Tanaka in Tanaka &Tsumagori)
Baker, 1962
Rotylenchus elisensis Carvalho, 1957
Helicotylenchus elisensis (Carvalho) Carvalho, 1959
Rotylenchulus elisensis (Carvalho) Siddiqi, 1986
201
F. Shahina et al.
Spyrotylenchus queirozi Lordello & Cesnik, 1958
Rotylenchulus queirozi (Lordello & Cesnik) Sher, 1961
Leiperotylenchusleiperi Das, 1960
Rotylenchulus leiperi (Das) Loof & Oostenbrink, 1961
R. stakmani Husain & Khan, 1965
Heteroderidae Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
Heteroderinae Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
Heterodera Schmidt, 1871
H. avenae Wollenweber, 1924
syn. H. schachtii var. avenae Wollenweber, 1924
H. bideraavenae (Wollenweber, 1924) Krall & Krall, 1978
H. bergeniae Maqbool & Shahina, 1988
H. cajani Koshy, 1967
H. cruciferae Franklin, 1945
syn. H. vigni Edward & Misra, 1968
H. cynodontis Shahina & Maqbool, 1989
H. fici Kirjanova, 1954
H. mani Mathews, 1971
syn. Bidera mani (Mathews, 1971) Krall & Krall, 1978
H. mothi Khan & Husain, 1965
H. oryzae Luc & Berdon Brizuela, 1961
H. pakistanensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1986
H. sacchari Luc & Merny, 1963
H. schachtii Schmidt, 1871
syn. Tylenchus schachtii (Schmidt, 1978) Orley, 1880
Heterodera schachtii minor Schmidt, 1930
H. zeae Koshy, Swarup & Sethi, 1971
Globodera Skarbilovich, 1959
G. pallida (Stone, 1973) Behrens, 1975
syn. Heterodera pallida Stone, 1973
G. rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959
syn. Heterodera schachtii rostochiensis Wollenweber, 1923
H. achachtii solani Zimmermann, 1927
G. tabacum tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954) Skarbilovich, 1959
syn. H. tabacum Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954
Meloidogyninae Skarbilovich, 1959
Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1892
M. arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949
syn. Anguillula arenaria Neal, 1889
Tylenchus arenarius (Neal, 1889) Cobb, 1890
Heterodera arenaria (Neal, 1889) Marchinowski, 1909
M. arenaria arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1946
M.arenaria thamesi Chirwood in Chitwood, Specht & Havis, 1952
M. thamesi (Chitwood in Chitwood et al., 1952) Goodey, 1963
M. graminicola Golden & Birchfield, 1965
202
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
M. hapla Chitwood, 1949
M. incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949
syn. Oxyuris incognita (Kofoid & While, 1919)
Heterodera incognita (Kofoid & While, 1919) Sandground, 1923
M. incognita incognita (Kofoid & While, 1919) Chitwood, 1949
M. incognita acrita Chitwood, 1949
M. acrita (Chitwood, 1949) Esser, Perry, and Tylor, 1976
M. incognita inornata Lordello, 1956
M. elegans da Ponte, 1977
M. graham Golden & Slana, 1978
M. incognita wartellei Golden & Birchfield, 1978
M. inornata Lordello, 1956
M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949
syn. Heterodera javanica Treub, 1885, Cobb, 1890
Anguillula javanica (Treub, 1885) Lavergne, 1901
M. javanica javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949
M. javanica bauruensis Lordello, 1956
M. bauruensis (Lordello, 1956) Esser, Perry & Taylor, 1976
M. lucknowica Singh, 1969
M. lordelloi da Ponte, 1969
M. pakistanica Shahina, Nasira, Salma, Mehreen & Bhatti, 2015
Dolichodoroidea (Chitwood in Chitwood & Chitwood, 1950) Siddiqi, 1986
Dolichodoridae (Chitwood in Chitwood & Chitwood, 1950) Skarbilovich, 1959
Telotylenchinae Siddiqi, 1960
Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913
T. annulatus (Cassidy, 1930) Golden, 1971
syn. Tylopharynx annulatus Cassidy, 1930
Anguillulina annulata (Cassidy, 1930) Googey, 1932
Chitinotylenchus annulatus (Cassidy, 1930) Filipjev, 1936
Ditylenchus annulatus (Cassidy, 1930) Sher, 1970
Tylenchorhynchus martini Fielding, 1956
T. brassicae Siddiqi, 1961
T. clarus Allen, 1955
syn. T. tener Erzhanova, 1964
T. claytoni Steiner, 1937
syn. Tessellus claytoni (Steiner, 1937) Jairajpuri & Hunt, 1984
T. crassicaudatus Williams, 1960
T. cylindricus Cobb, 1913
syn. Tylenchus (Tylenchorhynchus) cylindricus (Cobb) Filipjev, 1934
Anguillulina cylindrical (Cobb) Thorne, 1935
T. elegans Siddiqi, 1961
T. ewingi Hooper, 1959
T. fatimae Khan, Saeed & Akhter, 2004
T. gossypii Nasira & Maqbool, 1996
T. handooi Khan, 2004
T. intervallatus (Tobar-Jimenez, 1970) Fortunr & Luc, 1987
T. kegasawai Minagawa, 1995
203
F. Shahina et al.
T. leviterminalis Siddiqi, Mukherjee & Dasgupta, 1982
T. madrasensis Gupta & Uma, 1981
syn. Divittus madrasensis (Gupta & Uma, 1981) Jairajpuri, 1984
T. manubriatus Litvinova, 1946
T. mashhoodi Siddiqi & Basir, 1959
T. nudus Allen, 1955
T. obscurisulcatus Andrassy, 1959
T. penniseti Gupta & Uma, 1980
T. qasimii Mussarat, Handoo & Shahina, 2008
T. quaidi Golden, Maqbool & Handoo, 1987
T. rosei Zarina & Maqbool, 1991
T. striatus Allen, 1955
T. swatiensis Nasira, Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
T. trilineatus Timm, 1963
T. tritici Golden, Maqbool & Handoo, 1987
T. tuberoses Zarina & Maqbool, 1993
Bitylenchus (Filipjev, 1934) Siddiqi, 1986
B. brevilineatus (Williams, 1960) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Tylenchorhynchus brevilineatus Wiliams, 1960
T. indicus Siddiqi, 1961
Bitylenchus indicus (Siddiqi) Siddiqi, 1986
B. canalis (Thorne & Melak, 1968) Siddiqi, 1986
B. capsicumi Akhter & Zarina, 2014
syn. Tylenchorhynchus canalis Thorne & Malek, 1968
B. clavicaudatus (Seinhorst, 1963) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Tylenchorhynchus clavicaudatus Seinhorst, 1963
T. clavicauda Seinhorst, 1968
B. goffarti (Sturhan, 1966) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Tylenchorhynchus goffarti Sturhan, 1966
B. maximus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Tylenchorhynchus maximus Allen, 1955
B. maximus pakistanensis Zarina, Siddiqi & Shahina, 2004
B. parvus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Tylenchorhynchus parvus Allen, 1955
B. vulgaris (Upadhyay, Swarup & Sethi, 1972) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Tylenchorhynchus vulgaris Upadhyay, Swarup & Sethi, 1972
Dolichorhynchus Mulk & Jairajouri, 1974
D. motiaii Zarina & Maqbool, 1998
D. phaseoli (Sethi & Swarup, 1968) Mulk & Jairajpuri, 1974
D. tuberosus Maqbool, Ghazala & Fatima, 1984
Neodolichorhynchus Jairajpuri & Hunt, 1984
N. (Mulkorhynchus) indicus Erum, Mussarat & Shahina, 2011
Paratrophurus Arias, 1970
204
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
P. anomalus Kleynhans & Heyns, 1983
Quinisulcius Siddiqi, 1971
Q. acutoides (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Siddiqi, 1971
syn. Tylenchorhychus acutoides Thorne & Malek, 1968
Q. acutus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1971
syn. Tylenchorhynchus acutus Allen, 1955
Q. capitatus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1971
syn. Tylenchorhynchus capitatus (Allen, 1955)
T. acti Hopper, 1959
Q. acti (Hopper) Siddiqi, 1971
T. nilgiriensis Seshadri, Muthukrishnan & Shunmugam, 1967
Q. nilgiriensis (Seshadri, Muthukrishnan & Shunmugam, 1967)
Siddiqi, 1971
Q. himalayae Mahajan, 1974
Q. curvus (Williams, 1960) Siddiqi, 1970
syn. Tylenchorhynchus curvus Williams, 1960
Q. quaidi Zarina & Maqbool, 1992
Q. solani Maqbool, 1982
Telotylenchus Siddiqi, 1960
T. indicus Siddiqi, 1960
Merliniinae Siddiqi, 1071
Merlinius Siddiqi, 1970
M. adakensis Bernard, 1984
M. alboranensis (Tobar-Jimenez, 1970) Tarjan, 1973
M. bavaricus (Sturhan, 1966) Siddiqi, 1970
syn. Tylenchorhynchus bavaricus Sturhan, 1966
M. bilqeesae Khan & Khan, 1995
M. brevidens (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970
syn. Tylenchorhynchus brevidens Allen, 1955
M. indicus Zarina & Maqbool, 1995
M. microdorus (Geraert, 1966) Siddiqi, 1970
syn. Tylenchorhynchus microdorus Geraert, 1966
M. montanus Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
M. nagerensis Sagir & Erum, 2017
M. nanus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970
syn. Thylenchorhynchus nanus Allen, 1955
M. niazae Maqbool, Fatima & Hashmi, 1983
M. nothus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1970
M. pistaciei Fatima & Farooq, 1992
M. pseudobavaricus Saltukoglu, Geraert & Coomans, 1976
M. pyri Fatima & Farooq, 1992
Amplimerlinius Siddiqi, 1976
A. parbati Zarina & Maqbool, 1990
Nagelus Thorne & Malek, 1968
205
F. Shahina et al.
N. saifulmulukensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1987
N. varians (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Siddiqi, 1986
Scutylenchus Jairajpuri, 1971
S. baluchiensis Maqbool, Ghazala, Fatima & Qasim, 1985
S. fici Farooq & Fatima, 1994
S. koreanus (Choi & Geraert, 1971) Siddiqi, 1979
syn. Merlinius koreanus Choi & Geraert, 1971
S. quettensis Maqbool, Ghazala & Fatima, 1984
S. rugosus Siddiqi, 1963
Tetylenchus Filipjev, 1936
Tetylenchus spp.
Belonolaiminae Whitehead, 1960
Belonolaimus Steiner, 1949
B. gracilis Steiner, 1949
B. longicaudatus Rau, 1958
Psilenchidae (Paramonov, 1967) Khan, 1969
Psilenchinae Paramonov, 1967
Psilenchus de Man, 1921
P. aestuarius Andrassy, 1962
P. hilarulus de Man, 1921
P. hilarus Siddiqi, 1963
syn. P.neoformis Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1963
P. iranicus Kheiri, 1970
P. khuzarensis Khan, Batool & Khatoon, 2004
P. minor Siddiqi, 1963
syn. P. pratensis Doucet, 1996
Atetylenchus Khan, 1973
A. amiri (Maqbool & Shahina, 1984) Geraert & Raski, 1987
syn. Leipotylenchus amiri Maqbool & Shahina, 1984
A. metoporus Erum & Shahina, 2008
Pratylenchidae (Thorne, 1949) Siddiqi, 1963
Pratylenchinae Thorne, 1949
Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936
P. alleni Ferris, 1961
P. brachyurus (Godfrey, 1929) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhovan, 1941
syn. P. pratensis apud Thorne, 1940
P. leiocephalus Steiner, 1949
P. steineri Lordello, Zamith & Boock, 1954
P. coffeae (Zimmermann, 1898) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
syn. P. musicola (Cobb, 1919) Filipjev, 1936
P. mahogany (Cobb, 1920) Filipjev, 1936
P. pratensis apud Yokoo, 1956
206
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
P. crenatus Loof, 1960
syn. P. clavicaudatus Baranovskaya & Haque, 1968
P. delatterei (Luc, 1958) Handoo & Golden, 1989
P. flakkensis Seinhorst, 1968
P. goodeyi Sher & Allen, 1953
P. hexincisus Taylor & Jenkins, 1957
P. kralli Ryss, 1982
P. neglectus (Rensch, 1924) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
syn. P. minyus Sher & Allen, 1953
P. capitatus Ivanova, 1968
P. neocapitatus Khan & Singh, 1975
P. similis Khan & Singh, 1975
P. penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
syn. Tylenchus gulosus Kuhn, 1890
P. globulicola Romaniko, 1960
P. portulactus Zarina & Maqbool, 1998
P. pratensis (de Man, 1880) Filipjev, 1936
syn. P. helophilus Seinhorst, 1959
P. irregularis Loof, 1960
P. pseudofallax, Café-Filo & Huang, 1989
P. pseudopratensis Seinhorst, 1968
P. roseus Zarina & Maqbool, 1998
P. sacchari (Soltwedel, 1888) Filipjev, 1936
P. scribneri Steiner in Sherbakoff & Stanley, 1943
P. sefaensis Fortuner, 1973
P. similis Khan & Singh, 1975
P. sudanensis Loof & Yassin, 1971
P. thornei Sher & Allen, 1953
P. vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951
P. zeae Graham, 1951
Zygotylenchus Siddiqi, 1963
Z. guevarai (Tobar-Jimenez, 1963) Braun & Loof, 1966
Hirschmanniellinae Fotedar & Handoo, 1978
Hirschmanniella Luc & Goodey, 1964
H. gracilis (de Man, 1880) Luc & Goodey, 1964
syn. Tylenchus gracilis de Man, 1880
Tylenchorhynchus gracilis (de Man, 1880) Micoletzky, 1925
Anguillulina gracillis (de Man, 1880) Goodey, 1932
Chitinotylenchus gracilis (de Man, 1880) Hirschmann, 1955
Radopholus gracilis (de Man, 1880) Allen, 1955
Radopholus gigas Andrassy, 1954
Hirschmanniella gigas (Andrassy, 1954) Sher, 1968
H. magna Siddiqi, 1966
syn. Hirschmanniella dubia Khan, 1972
H. mexicana (Chitwood, 1951) Sher, 1968
syn. Halenchus mexicannus Chitqood, 1951
207
F. Shahina et al.
Hirschmanniella caudacrena Sher, 1968
H. mucronata (Das, 1960) Khan, Siddiqi, Khan, Hussian & Saxena, 1964
syn. Radopholus mucronatus Das, 1960
Hirschmanniella mucronata (Das, 1960) Timm, 1965
Hirschmanniella mangalorensis Mathur & Prasas, 1971
Hirschmanniella indica Ahmad, 1974
H. oryzae (van Breda de Haan, 1902) Luc & Goodey, 1964
syn. Tylenchus oryzae van Breda de Haan, 1902
Anguillulina oryzae (van Breda de Haan, 1902
Radopholus oryzae (van Breda de Haan, 1902) Filipjev &
Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
Tylenchus apapillatus Imamura, 1931
Anguillulina apapillata (Imamura, 1931) Goodey, 1932
Rotylenchus apapillatus (Imamura, 1931) Filipjev, 1936
Hirschmanniella apapillata (Imamura, 1931) Sher, 1968
Hirschmanniellanana Siddiqi, 1966
Hirschmanniella exigua Khan, 1972
H. spinicaudata (Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1944) Luc & Goodey, 1964
syn. Tylenchorhynchus spinicaudatus Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1944
Radopholus lavabri Luc, 1957
Hirschmanniella lavabri (Luc, 1957) Sher, 1968
Radopholinae Allen & Sher, 1967
Radopholus Thorne, 1949
R. allius Shahina & Maqbool, 1996
R. brassicae Shahina & Maqbool, 1996
R. similis (Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949
syn. Tylenchus similis Cobb, 1893
Anguillulina similis (Cobb, 1893) Goodey, 1932
Rotylenchus similis (Cobb, 1893) Filipjev, 1936
Tylenchus granulosus Cobb, 1893
Anguillulina granulose (Cobb, 1893) Goodey, 1932
Tetylenchus granulosus (Cobb, 1893) Filipjev, 1936
Radopholus granulosus (Cobb, 1893) Siddiqi, 1986
Tylenchus acutocaudatus Zimmermann, 1898
Anguillulina acutocaudata (Zimmermann, 1898) Goodey, 1932
Tylenchorhynchus acutocaudatus (Zimmermann, 1898) Filipjev, 1934
Radopholus acutocaudatus (Zimmermann, 1898) Siddiqi, 1986
Tylenchus biformis Cobb, 1909
Anguillulina biformis (Cobb, 1909) Goodey, 1932
Radopholus biformis (Cobb, 1909) Siddiqi, 1986
R. similis similis in Siddiqi, 1986
Pratylenchoides Winslow, 1958
P. maqsoodi Maqbool & Shahina, 1989
Criconematoidea Taylor, 1936
208
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Criconematidae Taylor, 1936
Criconematinae Taylor, 1936
Criconema Hofmanner & Menzel, 1914
Subgenus Nothocriconemella (Ebsary, 1981) Siddiqi, 1986
C. (N.) mutabile (Taylor, 1936) Raski & Luc, 1985
syn. Nothocriconema mutabile (Taylor) de Grisse & Loof, 1965
Nothocriconemella mutabilis (Taylor) Ebsary, 1981
Nothocriconema kovacsi (Andrassy) de Grisse &Loof, 1965
Nothocriconemella kovacsi (Andrassy) Ebsary, 1981
Criconema kovacsi (Andrassy) Siddiqi, 1986
Criconemoides raskii Goodey, 1963
Criconema raskii (Goodey) Siddiqi, 1986
Criconemoides siddiqi Khan, 1964
Criconema siddiqi (Khan) Siddiqi, 1986
Criconemoides magnolia Edward & Misra, 1964
Criconema magnolia (Edward & Misra) Siddiqi, 1986
Cricinemoides californicus Diab & Jenkins, 1966
Criconema californicum (Diab & Jenkins) Siddiqi, 1986
Criconemoides kashmirensis Mahajan & Bijral, 1973
Criconema kashmirense (Mahajan & Bijral) Siddiqi, 1986
Criconemoides mutabilis Taylor, 1936
Ogma Southern, 1914
O. multiannulata Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
O. qamari Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
O. sadabhari Shahina & Maqbool, 1991
Macoposthoniinae Skarbilovich, 1959
Criconemoides Taylor, 1936
Subgenus Criconemoides Taylor, 1936
C. (C.) afghanicus Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
C. (C.) bakeri Wu, 1965
syn. Criconemella bakeri (Wu, 1965) Luc & Raski, 1981
C. (C.) brevistylus Singh & Khera, 1976
syn. Criconemella brevistylus (Singh & Khera, 1976) Luc & Raski, 1981
C. (C.) curvatus Raski, 1952
syn. Criconemella curvata (Raski, 1952) Luc & Raski, 1981
Macroposthonia coomansi de grisse, 1967
C. (C.) kamaliei Khan, 1971
C. (C.) onoensis Luc, 1959
syn. Criconemella onoensis (Luc, 1959) Luc & Raski, 1965
C. (C.) parvulus Siddiqi, 1961
syn. Criconemella parvula (Siddiqi, 1961) de Grisse & Loof, 1965
C. (C.) pruni (Siddiqi, 1961) Raski & Golden, 1966
syn. Criconemella pruni (Siddiqi, 1961) Luc & Raski, 1981
Criconema pruni Siddiqi, 1961
C. (C.) sphaerocephalus Taylor, 1936
syn. Criconemella sphaerocephala (Taylor, 1936) Luc & Raski, 1981
209
F. Shahina et al.
C. (C.) xenoplax Raski, 1952
syn. Criconemella xenoplax (Raski,1952) Luc & Raski, 1981
Pakcriconemeoides Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
P. anastomoides (Maqbool & Shahina, 1985) Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
syn. Criconemella anastomoides Maqbool & Shahina, 1985
Macroposthonia anastomoides (Maqbool & Shahina, 1985)
Siddiqi, 1986
Mesocriconema anastomoides (Maqbool & Shahina, 1985)
Loof & de Grisse, 1989
Macroposthonia de Man, 1880
M. (curvata) alpina Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
M. coomansi De Grisse, 1967
Hemicriconemoidinae Andrassy, 1979
Hemicriconemoides Chitwood & Birchfield, 1957
H.brachyurus (Loos, 1949) Chitwood &Birchfield, 1957
H. cocophillus (Loos, 1949) Chitwood &Birchfield, 1957
syn. Criconemoides cocophillus Loos, 1949
Hemicycliophora cocophilla (Loos) Goodey, 1963
Criconema mangiferum Edward & Misra, 1963
Hemicriconemoides mangiferus (Edward & Misra) Siddiqi, 1986
H. communis Edward & Misra, 1964
H. gaddi (Loos, 1949) Chitwood & Birchfield, 1957
syn. Criconemoides gaddi Loos, 1949
Hemicycliophora gaddi (Loos) Goodey, 1963
H. ghaffari Maqbool, 1982
H. mangiferae Siddiqi, 1961
syn. H. litchi Edward & Misra, 1964
H. birchfieldi Edward, Misra & Singh, 1965
H. aberrans Phukan & Sanwal, 1983
H. strictathecatus Esser, 1960
syn. Hemicycliophora strictathecata (Esser) Goodey, 1963
Hemicycliophoroidea (Skarbilovich, 1959) Siddiqi, 1980
Hemicycliophoridae (Skarbilovich, 1959) Geraert, 1966
Hemicycliophorinae Skarbilovich, 1959
Hemicycliophora de Man, 1921
H. gracilis Thorne, 1955
H. veechi Maqbool, Shahina & Zarina, 1986
Aulosphora Siddiqi, 1980
A. karachiensis Maqbool, Shahina & Zarina, 1986
A. penetrans (Thorne, 1955) Siddiqi, 1980
syn. Hemicycliophora penetrans Thorne, 1955
Tylenchuloidea (Skarbilovich, 1947) Raski & Siddiqi, 1975
210
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Tylenchulidae (Skarbilovich, 1947) Kirjanova, 1955
Tylenchulinae Skarbilovich, 1947
Tylenchulus Cobb, 1913
T. semipenetrans Cobb, 1913
Paratylenchidae (Thorne, 1949) Raski, 1962
Paratylenchinae Thorne, 1949
Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922
P. hamatus Thorne & Allen, 1950
P. holdemani Raski, 1975
P. italiensis Raski, 1975
P. karachiensis Zarina & Akhter, 2016
P. manilkarii Erum, Nasir, Nasira & Shahina, 2019
P. nainianus Edward & Misra, 1963
P. nanus Cobb, 1923
P. projectus Jenkins, 1956
syn. P. amblycephalus Reuver, 1959
P. salubris Raski, 1975
P. sindhicus Erum, Nasir, Nasira & Shahina, 2019
P. tateae Wu & Townshend, 1973
Gracilacus Raski, 1962
G. musae Shahina & Maqbool, 1993
Hexatylina Siddiqi, 1980
Neotylenchoidea (Thorne, 1941) Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1969
Neotylenchidae Thorne, 1941
Neotylenchinae Thorne, 1941
Neotylenchus Steiner, 1931
Neotylenchus spp.
Deladinae Siddiqi, 1986
Deladenus Thorne, 1941
D. cocophilus Nasira, Shahina & Firoza, 2013
D. imperialis Bedding, 1974
D. pakistanensis Shahina & Maqbool, 1992
Fergusobiinae Goodey, 1963
Fergusobia Currie, 1937
F. indica (Jairajpuri, 1962) Siddiqi, 1986
syn. Boleodorus indicus Jairajpuri, 1962
Dorsalla indica (Jairajpuri) Jairajpuri, 1966
Anguinoidea Nicroll, 1935
Anguinidae Nicroll, 1935
Anguininae Nicroll, 1935
Anguina Scopoli, 1777
A. tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) Filipjev, 1936
211
F. Shahina et al.
syn. Vibrio tritci Steinbuch, 1799
Rhabditis tritici (Steinbuch) Dujardin, 1875
Anguillula tritici (Steinbuch) Grube, 1849
Anguillulina tritici (Steinbuch) Gervais &Van Beneden, 1859
Tylenchus tritici (Steinbuch) Bastian, 1865
Anguillula scandens Schneider, 1866
Tylenchus scandens (Schneider) Cobb, 1890
Anguillulina scandens (Schneider) Goodey, 1932
Subanguina Paramonov, 1967
S. balochia Erum, Shahina & Siddiqi, 2008
Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936
D. anchilisposomus (Tarjan, 1958) Fortuner, 1982
syn. Pseudhalenchus anchilisposomus Tarjan, 1958
Safianema anchilisposomus Tarjan, 1958
D. angustus (Butler, 913) Filipjev, 1936
syn. Tylenchus angustus Butler, 1913
Anguillulina angusta (Butler, 1913) Goodey, 1932
D. bilqueese Khan, Batool & Khan, 2004
D. clarus Thorne & Malek, 1968
D. destructor Thorne, 1945
D. dipsaci (Khun, 1857) Filipjev, 1936
syn. Anguillula dipsaci Kuhn, 1857
Anguillulina dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857) Gervais Van Beneden, 1859
Tylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857) Bastian, 1965
Anguillulina dipsaci var. allocates Steiner, 1934
D. allocates (Steiner, 1934) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
Anguillulina dispsaci var. communis Steiner &Scott, 1935
D. dipsaci var. narcissi de Bruyn Ouboter, 1930
Anguillula devastatrix Kuhn, 1869
Tylenchus devastatrix (Kuhn, 1869) Orley, 1880
Anguillulina devastatrix (Kuhn, 1869) Neveu-Lemaire, 1913
D. devastatrix (Kuhn, 1969) tarjan, 1960
Anguillula secalis Nitschke, 1869
Anguillulina secalis (Nitschke, 1869) Goodey, 1932
D. secalis (Nitsxhke, 1869) Siddiqi, 1986
Tylenchus allii Beijerinck, 1883
D. allii (Beijerinck, 1883) Tarjan, 1960
Tylenchus havensteinii Kuhn, 1881
Anguillulina hyacinthi (Prillieux, 1881) Goodey, 1932
D. havensteinii (Kuhn, 1881) Siddiqi, 1986
Tylenchus hyacinthi Prillieux, 1881
Anguillulina hyacinthi (Prillieux, 1881) Goodey, 1932
D. dipsaci var. hyacinthi (Prillieux, 1881) Fillipjev &
Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
Tylenchus puterfaciens Kuhn, 1879
D. putrefaciens (Kuhn, 1879) Tarjan, 1967
212
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Tylenchus tobaensis Schneider, 1937
D. tobaensis (Schneider, 1937) Kirjanova, 1951
D. phloxidis Kirjanova, 1951
D. fragariae Kirjanova, 1951
D. galeopsidis Paramonov, 1970
D. sonchophilus Paramonov, 1970
D. dipsaci falcariae Poghosyan, 1967
D. emus Khan, Chawla &Prasad, 1969
D. geraerti (Paramonov, 1970) Bello & Geraert, 1972
syn. (Tylenchus geraerti) Paramonov, 1970
D. kheirii Fortuner & Maggenti, 1987
syn. Nothotylenchus geraerti Kheiri, 1971
D. medicaginis Wasilewska, 1965
D. myceliophagus Goodey, 1958
Nothotylenchinae Thorne, 1941
Nothotylenchus Thorne, 1941
N. basiri Khan, 1965
N. goldeni Maqbool, 1982
Paurodontidae (Thorne, 1941) Massey, 1967
Paurodontinae Thorne, 1941
Paurodontus Thorne, 1941
P. similis Siddiqi, 1961
Paurodontella Husain & Khan, 1968
P. balochistanica Handoo, Erum, Nasira &Shahina, 2010
P. myceliophaga Handoo, Erum, Nasira &Shahina, 2010
P. sohailai Maqbool, 1982
Stictylus Thorne, 1941
Stictylus spp.
Aphelenchida Siddiqi, 1980
Aphelenchina (Fuchs, 1937) Geraert, 1966
Aphelenchoidea (Fuchs, 1937) Thorne, 1949
Aphelenchidae (Fuchs, 1937) Steiner, 1949
Aphelenchinae (Fuchs, 1937) Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938
Aphelenchus Bastian, 1865
A. avenae Bastian, 1865
A. eremitus Thorne, 1961
A. isomerus Anderson & Hooper, 1980
A. sacchari (Akhtar, 1962) Goodey & Hooper, 1965
syn. Metaphelenchus sacchari Akhtar, 1962
Aphelenchoidoidea Skarbilovich, 1947 (Siddiqi, 1980)
Aphelenchoididae (Skarbilovich, 1947) Paramonov, 1953
Aphelenchoidinae Skarbilovich, 1947
213
F. Shahina et al.
Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1894
A. aligarhiensis Siddiqi, Husain & Khan, 1967
A. asterocaudatus Das, 1960
A. besseyi Christie, 1942
A. bicaudatus (Imamura, 1931) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
A. blastophthorus Franklin, 1952
A. caprifici (Gasparrini, 1864) Filipjev, 1934
A. dactylocercus Hooper, 1958
A. goodeyi Siddiqi & Franklin, 1967
A. helicosoma Maslen, 1979
A. involutusMinegawa, 1992
A. parietinus (Bastian, 1865) Steiner, 1932
syn. Aphelenchus parietinus Bastian, 1865
A. richardsoni Grewal, Siddiqi & Atkey, 1992
A. ritzemabosi (Schwartz, 1911) Steiner, 1932
syn. Aphelenchus ritzemabosi Schwartz, 1911
Tylenchus ribes Taylor, 1917
Aphelenchus ribes (Taylor) Goodey, 1923
Aphelenchoides ribes (Taylor) Goodey, 1933
Aphelenchus phyllophagus Stewart, 1921
A. rutgersi Hooper & Myers, 1971
A. sacchari Hooper, 1958
A .siddiqi Fortuner, 1970
A. turnipi Israr, Shahina & Nasira, 2017
A. unisexus Jain & Singh, 1984
A. winchesi Paesler, 1957
Parasitaphelenchidae Rhum, 1956 (Siddiqi, 1980)
Rhadinaphelenchinae Paramonov, 1962
Rhadinaphelenchus Goodey, 1960
R. cocophilus (Cobb, 1919) Goodey, 1960
Seinuridae (Hussain & Khan 1967) Baranovskaya, 1981
Seinurinae Hussain & Khan, 1967
Seinura Fuchs, 1931
S. nagini Husain & Khan, 1965
S. oostenbrinki Husain & Khan, 1967
Paraphelenchidae Goodey, 1951
Paraphelenchinae Goodey, 1951
Paraphelenchus Micoletzky, 1922
P. litoralis Akhtar, 1962
P. sacchari Husain & Khan, 1967
Paraphelenchus spp.
Rhabditida Chitwood, 1933
Rhabditina Andrassy, 1974
Rhabditoidea Orley, 1880
214
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Rhabditidae Orley, 1880
Rhabditinae Orley, 1880
Rhabditis Durjardin, 1845
R. karachiensis Khan, Seema, Khan, Qamar & Anwarullah, 1992
R. longicaudatus (Bastian, 1865) Osche, 1952
R. marious Maupas, 1899
R. producta (Schneider, 1866) Linstow, 1878
R. terricola Dujardin, 1845
Rhabditis spp.
Cuticularia Van der Linde, 1938
C. regenfussi (Sudhaus, 1980) Andrassy, 1983
Rhitis Andrassy, 1983
R. luci (Andrassy, 1982) Andrassy, 1983
OscheiusAndrassy, 1976
O. andrassi Tabassum & Shahina, 2008
O. citri Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. cobbi Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. cynodonti Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. esculentus Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. karachiensis Tabassum & Nasir, 2018
O. maqbooli Tabassum & Shahina, 2002
O. niazii Tabassum & Shahina, 2010
O. punctata Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. sacchari Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira & Erum, 2016
O. shamimi Tehseen & Nisa, 2006
O. siddiqi Tabassum & Shahina, 2010
Diploscapteridae Micoletzky, 1922
Diploscapter Cobb, 1913
D. cornata (Cobb, 1893) Cobb, 1913
Mesorhabditidae Andrassy, 1976
Bursillinae Andrassy, 2005
Bursilla Andrassy, 1976
B. monhystera Butscili, 1873
Mesorhabditinae Andrassy, 1976
Crustorhabditis Sudhaus, 1974
C. scanica (Allgen, 1949) Andrassy, 1983
Cruzema Artigas, 1927
C. brzeskii (Brzeski, 1989) Sudhaus & Hooper, 1994
C. tripartitum (Linstow, 1906) Zullini, 1982
Distolabrellus Anderson, 1983
215
F. Shahina et al.
D. veechi Anderson, 1983
D. pakistanensis Tabassum, Shahina, Firoza & Siddiqi, 2005
Mesorhabditis (Osche, 1952) Dougherty, 1953
M. cranganorensis (Khera, 1968) Sudhaus, 1976
M. minuta Bostrom, 1991
M. striatica Dassonville & Heyns, 1984
Teratorhabditis (Osche, 1952), Dougherty, 1955
T. andrassyi Tahseen & Jairajpuri, 1988
Peloderidae Andrassy, 1986
Pellioditinae Andrassy, 2005
Pelliodites (Dougherty, 1953) Timm, 1960
P. typica (Stefanchi, 1922) Dougherty, 1955
Dolichorhabditis Andrassy, 1983
D. dolichura (Schneider, 1866) Andrassy, 1983
Heterorhabditidae Pionar, 1976
Heterorhabditis Pionar, 1976
H. bacteriophora Poinar, 1976
H. indica Pionar, Karunakar & David, 1992
H. pakistanense Shahina, Tabassum, Salma, Mehreen & Knoetze, 2016
Steinernematidae Chitwood & Chitwood, 1937
Steinernema Travassos, 1927
S. abbasi Elawad, Ahmad & Reid, 1997
S. affine (Bovien, 1937) Wouts, Mracek, Gerdin & Bedding, 1982
S. asiaticum Anis, Shahina, Reid, & Rowe, 2002
S. balochiense Shahina, Tabassum, Shaukat, Sarwar, Mehreen & Salma, 2015
S. bifurcatum Shahina, Yan, Qui, Han, Mehreen, Tabassum & Salma, 2014
S. carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) Wouts, Mracek, Gerdin & Bedding, 1982
S. cholashanense Nguyen, Puza & Mracek, 2008
S. feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) Wouts, Mracek, Gerdin & Bedding, 1982
S. litorale Yoshida, 2004
S. maqbooli Shahina, Tabassum, Mehreen & Salma, 2013
S. pakistanense Shahina, Anis, Reid, Rowe & Maqbool, 2001
S. siamkayai Stock, Somsook & Reid, 1998
Cephalobina Andrassy, 1974
Cephaloboidea Filipjev, 1934
Cephalobidae Filipjev, 1934
Cephalobinae Filipjev, 1934
Cephalobus Bastian, 1865
syn. ParacephalobusAkhter, 1962
C. litoralis (Akhter, 1962) Andrassy, 1984
syn. P. litoralis Akhter, 1962
216
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
C. nanus de Man, 1880
C. persignis Bastian, 1865
C. sacchari Shahina & Tabassum, 2002
Acrobeles Von Linstow, 1877
A. complaxus Thorne, 1925
A. geraerti Rashid, Heyns & Coomans, 1990
A. mariannae Andrassy, 1968
A. ornatus Thorne, 1925
Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924
A. bodenhemeri (Steiner, 1936) Thorne, 1937
A. enoploides Loof, 1971
A. gossypii Ashfaque, Shahina & Nasira, 2019
A. saeedi Siddiqi, Ley & Khan, 1992
Eucephalobus Steiner, 1935
Eucephalobus spp.
Chiloplacus Thorne, 1937
C. longiuterus Rashid & Heyns, 1990
Chiloplacus spp.
Pseudoacrobeles Steiner, 1928
Pseudoacrobeles spp.
Cervidellus Thorne, 1937
Cervidellus spp.
Acrobelinae
Zeldia Thorne, 1937
Z. punctata (Thorne, 1925) Thorne, 1937
Family Osstellidae Heyns, 1962
Subfamily Drilocephalobinae Ali, Suryawanshi & Chisty, 1973
Drilocephalobus Coomans & Goodey, 1965
D. alykhani Siddiqi, 2001
Panagrolaimoidea Thorne, 1937
Panagrolaimidae Thorne, 1937
Panagrolaiminae Thorne, 1937
Panagrolaimus Fuchs, 1937
P. rigidis (Schneider, 1866) Thorne, 1937
Panagrolaimus spp.
Tricephalobus Steiner, 1936
T. longicaudatus (Butschli, 1873) Steiner, 1936
217
F. Shahina et al.
Propanagrolaimus Andrassy, 2005
P. hygrophilus (Bassen, 1940) Andrassy, 2005
Brevibuccinae Paramonov, 1956
Brevibucca Goodey, 1935
B. saprophaga Goodey, 1935
Chambersiellidae Thorne, 1937
Macrolaiminae Sanwal, 1971
Macrolaimus Maupas, 1900
Macrolaimus spp.
Alloionematidae Chitwood & Mcintosh, 1934
Rhabditophanes Fuchs, 1930
R. brassicae Fuchs, 1930
Diplogasterida Maggenti, 1981
Diplogasterina Micoletzky, 1922
Diplogasteroidea Micoletzky, 1922
Diplogasteridae Micoletzky, 1922
Diplogaster Schultze in Carus, 1857
Diplogaster spp.
Demaniella Steiner, 1914
D. cibourgensis Steiner, 1914
Neodiplogasteridae Paramonov, 1952
Neodiplogasterinae Paramonov, 1952
Neodiplogaster Cobb, 1924
Neodiplogaster spp.
Mononchoides Rahm, 1928
M. andrassyi Timm, 1961
Class: Adenophorea von Kinstow, 1905
syn. Aphasmidia Chitwood & Chitwood, 1933
Subclass: Enoplia Pearse, 1942
Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942
Dorylaimina Pearse, 1936
Dorylaimoidea (de Man, 1876) Thorne, 1934
Longidoridae (Thorne, 1935) Meyl, 1961
Xiphinematinae Dalmasso, 1969
Xiphinema Cobb, 1913
X. americanum Cobb, 1913
syn. Tylencholaimus americanus (Cobb, 1913) Micoletzky, 1922
X. neoamericanum Saxena, Chabra & Joshi, 1973
X. basiri Siddiqi, 1959
218
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
syn. X. cobbi Sharma & Saxena, 1981
X. hayati Javed, 1983
X. bergeri Luc, 1973
X. bolandium Coomans & Heyns, 1985
X. brevicolle Lordello & Da Costa, 1961
syn. X. americanum apud Carvalho, 1955, 1962
X. saopaoloense Khan & Ahmad, 1975
X. californicum Lamberti & Bleve- Zacheo, 1979
X. chambersi Thorne, 1939
X. cynodontis Nasira & Maqbool, 1994
X. diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927) Thorne, 1939
X. elongatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938
syn. X. campinense Lordello, 1951
X. hydrabadense Qureshi & Das, 1984
X. nagarjunense Khan, 1982
X. pretense Loos, 1949
X. uasi Edward & Sharma, 1982
X. incognatum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979
X. index Thorne & Allen, 1950
X. insigne Loos, 1949
syn. X. indicum Siddiqi, 1959
X. neodimorphicaudatum Khan, 1982
X. tugewai Darekar & Khan, 1983
X. intermedium Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979
X. karachiense Nasira, Firoza & Maqbool, 1992
X. machoni Hunt, 1980
X. oxycaudatum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979
X. pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938) Kirjanova, 1951
syn. X. mediterraneum Martelli & Lamberti, 1967
X. neoelongatum Bajaj & Jairajpuri, 1077
X. pachydermum Sturhan, 1983
X. pakistanensis Nasira & Maqbool, 1998
X. radicicola Goodey, 1936
syn. X. australiae Mcleod & Khair, 1971
X. pararadicicola Phukan & Sanwal, 1982
X. rivesi Dalmasso, 1969
X. rotundatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938
X. thornei Lamberti & Golden, 1986
Longidorinae Thorne, 1935
Longidorus (Micoletzky, 1922) Filipjev, 1934
L. africanus Merny, 1966
L. elongatus (de Man, 1876) Thorne & Swanger, 1936
syn. Dorylaimus elongatus de Man, 1876
D. (Longidorus) elongatus (de Man, 1876) Micoletzky, 1922
Trichodorus elongatus (de Man, 1876) Filipjev, 1921
D. tenuis Linstow, 1879
L. pisi Edward, Misra & Singh, 1964
219
F. Shahina et al.
syn. Brevinema pisi (Edward, Misra & Singh, 1964) Stegarescu, 1980
L. siddiqi Aboul Eid, 1970
Xiphinema brevicaudaturn Siddiqi, 1959
nec. Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1951
L. lectocephalus Lambarti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983
L. trapezoides Nasira & Maqbool, 1995
Paralongidorus Siddiqi, Hooper & Khan, 1963
P. beryllus Siddiqi & Husain, 1965
P. citri (Siddiqi, 1959) Siddiqi, Hooper & Khan, 1963
syn. Xiphinema citri Siddiqi, 1959
L. citri (Siddiqi, 1959) Thorne, 1961
P. lemoni Nasira, Shahina, Firoza & Maqbool, 1993
P. major Verma, 1973
P. xiphinemoides Heyns, 1965
Dorylaimidae de Man, 1876
Dorylaiminae de Man, 1876
Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845
D. bastiani Butschli, 1873
D. biroi Daday, 1899
D. granuliferus Cobb, 1893
D. stagnalis Dujardin, 1845
D. subsimilis Cobb, 1893
Afrodorylaiminae Andrassy, 1969
Paradorylaimus Andrassy, 1969
P. dorsocaudali Nasira, Israr & Shahina, 2017
Laimydorinae Andrassy, 1969
Mesodorylaimus Andrassy, 1959
M. aberrans Loof, 1969
M. bastiani (Butschli, 1873) Anrassy, 1959
M. clavicaudatus (Thorne & Swanger, 1936) Andrassy, 1959
M. mehraniensis Khan & Saeed, 1986
Prodorylaimus Andrassy, 1959
Prodorylaimus spp.
Laimydorus Siddiqi, 1969
L. pseudostagnalis (Micoletzky, 1927) Siddiqi, 1969
L. wirisi Tabassum, Shahina & Nasira, 2006
Thornenematinae Siddiqi, 1969
Timminema Khan, 1977
T. pakistanicum Khan, 1977
Thornenema Andrassy, 1959
T. maruitianum (Williams, 1959) Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1969
220
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Aporcelaimidae Heyns, 1965
Aporcelaiminae Heyns, 1965
Aprocelaimellus Heyns, 1965
A. goldeni Khan & Fatima, 1980
A. obscurus (Thorne & Swanger, 1936) Heyns, 1965
A. obtusicaudatus (Bastian, 1865) Altherr, 1960
A. sacchari Khan, 1989
A. taylori Yeates, 1967
Aprocelaimus Thorne & Swanger, 1936
A. cocophilus Loos, 1949
A. digitalis Loos, 1949
A. spiralis (Cobb, 1913) Thorne & Swanger, 1936
Qudsianematidae Jairajpuri, 1965
Qudsianematinae Jairajpuri, 1965
Labronema Thorne, 1939
L. digitatum Sakul, Das & Mitra, 1975
L. mauritiense Williams, 1959
Eudorylaimus Andrassy, 1959
E. andersoni Khan, 1989
E. magestri Andrassy, 1986
E. major
E. minusculus (Loos, 1946) Siddiqi, 1969
E. subjunctus Loof, 1971
E. varians Thorne, 1974
Eudorylaimus spp.
Thonus Thorne, 1974
T. saccatus Thorne, 1974
Ecumenicus Thorne, 1974
E. monohystera (de Man, 1880) Thorne, 1974
Allodorylaimus Andrassy, 1986
A. americanus Andrassy, 1986
MicrodorylaimusAndrassy, 1986
M. miser (Thorne & Swanger, 1936) Andrassy, 1986
Talanema Andrassy, 1991
T. mauritiense (Williams, 1959) Andrassy, 1990
Thorniinae De Coninck, 1965
Nygolaimoides Meyl, 1960
Nygolaimoides spp.
221
F. Shahina et al.
Chrysonematinae Siddiqi, 1969
Chrysonema Thorne, 1929
C. mauritiana Williams, 1959
Discolaiminae Siddiqi, 1969
Discolaimium Thorne, 1939
D.australe (Yeates, 1967) Andrassy, 1990
D. brachyurum Husain & Siddiqi, 1967
D. capitulum Shahina, Mussarat & Siddiqi, 2005
D. gracile Thorne, 1939
D. pakistanicum Timm, 1963
D. upum Baqri & Jairajpuri, 1968
Discolaimus Cobb, 1913
D. acuticapitatus Furstenberg & Heyns, 1966
D. bulbiferus (Cobb, 1906) Thorne & Swanger, 1936
D. lahorensis Khan, 1998
D. major Thorne, 1939
D. pakistanense Nasira, Shahina & Erum, 2008
D. similus Thorne, 1939
D. texanus Cobb, 1913
Latocephalus Patil & Khan, 1982
L. smithi (Heyns, 1963) Patil & Khan, 1982
Lordellonematinae Siddiqi, 1969
Lordellonema Andrassy, 1960
L. subannulatum Tabassum, Shahina & Siddiqi, 2005
Moshajia Siddiqi, 1982
M. qasmi Zarina & Shahina, 2007
M. teres Tabassum, Shahina & Siddiqi, 2005
Poronemella Siddiqi, 1969
P. divulgata Tabassum, Shahina & Siddiqi, 2005
Nordiidae Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1964
Nordiinae Jairajpur i& Siddiqi, 1964
Longidorella Thorne, 1939
L. (Kantbhala) allii Suryawanshi, 1971
L. (Saevadorella) tharensis Nasira, Shahina & Firoza, 2010
Longidorella spp.
Actinolaimoidinae Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1992
Paroriverutus Carbonell & Coomans, 1982
P. timmi Khan, 1994
Pungentinae Siddiqi, 1969
Pungentus Thorne & Swanger, 1936
P. engadinensis Alterr, 1950
Pungentus spp.
222
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Enchodelus Thorne, 1939
E. arcuatus Thorne, 1939
E. macrodorus (de Man, 1880) Thorne, 1939
Heterodorus Altherr, 1952
H. longidens (Jairajpuri & Loof, 1968) Andrassy, 2009
Actinolaimoidea Thorne, 1939
Carcharolaimidae Thorne, 1967
Carcharolaiminae Thorne, 1967
Carcharolaimus Thorne, 1939
Carcharolaimus spp.
Belondiroidea Thorne, 1939
Belondiridae Thorne, 1939
Belondirinae Thorne, 1939
Belondira Thorne, 1939
B. paraclava Jairajpuri, 1964
Belondira spp.
Amphibelondira Rahman, Jairajpuri, Ahmad & Ahmad, 1987
A. sindhicus Ashfaque, Nasira & Shahina, 2019
Axonchium Cobb, 1920
A. gigas Thorne, 1939
A. indicum Siddiqi, 1964
A. mauritiense Williams, 1958
A. oostenbrinki Khan & Ahmad, 1970
Dorylaimellinae Jairajpuri, 1964
Dorylaimellus Cobb, 1913
D. clavicaudatus Williams, 1958
D. vexator Heyns, 1963
Axodorylaimellus Siddiqi, 1983
A. aghai Siddiqi, 1983
Elongidorylaimellus Siddiqi, 1983
E. lauceolatus Siddiqi, 1983
Jamilius Siddiqi, 1983
J. adenophorus Siddiqi, 1983
J. jamali Siddiqi, 1983
Sindellus Siddiqi, 1983
S. sindi Siddiqi, 1983
Rashidanema Siddiqi, 1983
R. cognatum (Siddiqi, 1983) Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1992
223
F. Shahina et al.
Tylencholaimoidea Filipjev, 1934
Tylencholaimidae Filipjev, 1934
Tylencholaiminae Filipjev, 1934
Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876
T. cynodonti Nasira, Erum & Shahina, 2005
T. gertii Kruger, 1965
T. nagauriensis Baqri & Bohra, 2001
T. proximus Thorne, 1939
Tylencholaimus spp.
Discomyctus Thorne, 1939
Discomyctus spp.
Mydonomidae Thorne, 1964
Dorylaimoides Thorne & Swanger, 1936
D. (Acridorylaimoides) arcuatus Siddiqi, 1964
D. (Digidorylaimoides) pakistanensis Siddiqi, 1964
D. (Dorylaimoides) parateres Siddiqi, 1964
Xiphinemellinae Jairajpuri, 1964
Xiphinemella Loos, 1950
X. ornata (Loos, 1949) Loos, 1950
Leptonchidae Thorne, 1935
Leptonchinae Thorne, 1935
Leptonchus Cobb, 1920
L. granulosus Cobb, 1920
Leptonchus spp.
Belonenchinae Thorne, 1964
Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964
B. (Basirotyleptus) basiri (Jairajpuri, 1964) Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1992
Tylencholaimellinae Jairajpuri, 1964
Doryllium Cobb, 1920
D. minor Jairajpuri, 1963
Doryllium spp.
Nygolaimina Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1979
Nygolaimoidea Thorne, 1935
Nygolaimidae Thorne, 1935
Nygolaiminae Thorne, 1935
Nygolaimus Cobb, 191 3
N. gigantus Shahina, Erum & Siddiqi, 2005
N. neominimus Shahina, Erum & Siddiqi, 2005
N. vulgaris Thorne, 1930
224
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Solididentinae Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1982
Solididens Heyns, 1968
S. swatiensis Nasira, Shahina & Maqbool, 1999
Nygolaimellidae Clark, 1961
Nygolaimellinae Clark, 1961
Nygolaimellus Loos, 1949
N. abnormis Loos, 1949
Alaimina Clark, 1971
Alaimidae Micoletzky, 1922
Alaimus de Man, 1880
A. minor Cobb, 1893
Bathyodontina Coomans & Loof, 1970
Cryptonchidae Chitwood, 1937
Cryptonchus Cobb, 1930
Cryptonchus spp.
Triplonchida Cobb, 1920
Diphtherophorina Coomans & Loof, 1970
Diptherophoroidea Micoletzky, 1922
Diphtherophoridae Micoletzky, 1922
Diptherophora de Man, 1880
Diptherophora spp.
Trichodoroidea (Thorne, 1935) Siddqi, 1974
Trichodoridae (Thorne, 1935) Siddiqi, 1961
Trichodorus Cobb, 1913
T. obtusus Cobb, 1913
T. pakistanensis Siddiqi, 1962
Paratrichodorus Siddiqi, 1974
P. faisalabadensis Nasira & Maqbool, 1994
P. minor (Colbran, 1956) Siddiqi, 1974
syn. Trichodorus minor Colbran, 1956
P. christiei (Allen, 1957) Siddiqi, 1974
P. obesus (Rasjivin & Penton, 1975) Rodriguez & Bell, 1978
P. mirzai (Siddiqi, 1960) Siddiqi, 1974
syn. Trichodorus mirzai Siddiqi, 1960
T. musaambi Edward & Misra, 1970
P. psidii Nasira & Maqbool, 1994
P. renifer Siddiqi, 1974
Tobrilina Tsalolikhin, 1976
Prismatolaimoidea Miocoletzky, 1922
Prismatolaimidae Miocoletzky, 1922
Prismatolaimus de Man, 1980
P. intermedius (Butschli, 1873) de Man, 1980
225
F. Shahina et al.
Mononchida Jairajpuri, 1969
Mononchina Kirjanova & Krall, 1969
Mononchoidea Chitwood, 1937
Mononchidae Chitwood, 1937
Mononchinae Chitood, 1937
Mononchus Bastian, 1865
M. aquaticus Coetzee, 1968
M. pappilatus Bastian, 1865
Mononchus spp.
Prionchulinae Andrassy, 1976
Clarkus Jairajpuri, 1970
C. papillatus (Bastian, 1865) Jairajpuri, 1970
Mylonchulidae Jairajpuri, 1969
Mylonchulinae Jairajpuri, 1969
Mylonchulus (Cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1953
M. amurus Khan & Jairajpuri, 1979
M. brachyuris Butschli, 1873
M. contractus Jairajpuri, 1970
M. lacustis (Cobb in Cobb, 1915) Andrassy, 1958
M. minor (Cobb, 1893) Andrassy, 1958
M. nainitalensis Jairajpuri, 1970
M. paitensis Yeates, 1992
M. rosensis Khan, 1975
M. sigmaturus (Cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1953
Mylonchulus spp.
Pakmylonchulus Khan & Saeed, 1987
P. amurus Khan & Saeed, 1987
Anatonchoidea Jairajpuri, 1969
Anatonchidae Jairajpuri, 1969
Anatonchinae Jairajpuri, 1969
Anatonchus (Cobb, 1916) de Coninck, 1939
A. valitangiensis Khan & Saeed, 1987
Miconchinae Andrassy, 1976
Miconchus Andrassy, 1958
M. dalhousiensis Jairajpuri, 1969
Enoplida Filipjev, 1929
Enoplina Chitwood & Chitwood, 1937
Thoracostomopsidae Filipjev, 1927
Enoplolaimus de Man, 1893
E. karachiensis Maqbool, Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 1999
Enchelidiidae Filipjev, 1918
Eurystomina Filipjev, 1921
226
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
E. indica Yoshimura, 1980
Eurystomina spp.
Pareurystomina Micoletzky, 1930
P.vaughtae Keppner, 1989
Bathyeurystomina Lambshead & Platt, 1979
B. minima Nasira, Shahina & Shamim, 2014
Belbolla Andrassy, 1973
B. longispiculata Nasira, Shahina & Shamim, 2014
Oncholaimidae Filipjev, 1921
Oncholaimus Dujardin, 1845
O. oxyuris Ditlevsen, 1911
O. paraoxyuris Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
Dentolaimoides Khan, 1994
D. papillifer Khan, 1994
Metoncholaimus Filipjev, 1918
M. medispiculatum Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
M. siddiqii Shahina, Nasira & Shamim, 2015
Viscosia de Man, 1890
V. elegans Kreis, 1924
Oxystominidae (Filipjev, 1918) Chitwood, 935
Oxystomina Filipjev, 1921
O. elongata Butschli, 1874
Halalaimus de Man, 1888
H. gidanensis Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 2002
Anoplostomatidae Gerlach & Riemann, 1974
Anoplostoma Butschli, 1874
A. sunderbanae Timm, 1967
Pelagonematidae Andrassy, 1976
Pelogonema Cobb, 1894
Pelagonema spp.
Ironidae de Man, 1876
Ironus Bastian, 1865
I. dentifurcatus Agro & Heyns, 1972
Syringolaimus de Man, 1888
S. brevicaudatus Micoletzky, 1922
227
F. Shahina et al.
Thalassironus de Man, 1889
T. qatarense Nasira, Kamran, Shahina & Kazmi, 2006
Trissonchulus Cobb, 1920
T. benepapillosus Schulz, 1935
T. lichenii Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 2002
T. oceanus Cobb, 1920
Leptosomatidae Filipjev, 1916
Leptosomatum Bastian, 1865
L. ranjhai Timm, 1960
Tripyloidina de Coninck 1965
Tripyloididae Filipjev, 1918
Bathylaimus Cobb, 1894
B. australis Cobb, 1894
Trefusiida Lorenzen, 1981
Trefusiidae Gerlach, 1966
Trefusia de Man, 1893
Trefusia spp.
Sub Class: Chormadoria (Pearse, 1942) Filipjev, 1929
Chromadorida Filipjev, 1929
Chromadorina Filipjev, 1918
Microlaimidae Micoletzky, 1922
Microlaimus de Man, 1880
M. arenicola Schulz, 1938
M. amphidius Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
M. karachiensis Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
M. sonmianensis Nasira, Maqbool, Turpeenniemi & Zarina, 2000
Calomicrolaimus Lorenzen, 1976
C. arenarius Blome, 1982
Cinctonema Cobb, 1920
C. papillata Timm, 1962
Comesomatidae Filipjev, 1918
Paracomesoma Hope & Murphy, 1972
P. longispiculum Timm, 1961
Sabatieria Rouville, 1903
S. microsetosa Timm, 1967
Chromadoridae Filipjev, 1927
Hypodontolaimus de Man, 1886
Hypodontolaimus spp.
228
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Graphonema Cobb, 1898
Graphonema spp.
Endeolophos Boucher, 1976
E. minutus Gerlach, 1967
Chromadora Bastian, 1865
C. nudicapitata Bastian, 1865
Spilophorella Filipjev, 1917
S. candida Gerlach, 1951
Ptycholaimellus Cobb, 1920
P. sindhicus Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Trichromadorita Timm, 1961
T. arinus Khan, 1991
Panduripharynx Timm, 1961
Panduripharynx spp.
Achromadoridae Gerlach & Riemann, 1973
Achromadorinae Gerlach & Riemann, 1973
Achromadora Cobb, 1913
A. ruricola (de Man, 1880) Micoletzky, 1925
Achromadora spp.
Cyatholaimidae Filipjev, 1918
Paracanthonchus Micoletzky, 1924
P. sandspitensis Nasira, Kamran & Shahina, 2007
P. hawaiiensis Allgen, 1951
Cyatholaimus Bastain, 1865
Cyatholaimus spp.
Marylynnia Hopper, 1977
M. musharafii Nasira, Kamran & Shahina, 2007
Selachinematidae Cobb, 1915
Choanolaimus de Man, 1880
Choanolaimus spp.
Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1886
H. balochiensis Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Synonchium Cobb, 1920
S. marina Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
S. oblongus Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
S. pakistanense Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2009
229
F. Shahina et al.
Desmodoridae Filipjev, 1922
Desmodora de Man, 1889
D. (Pseudochromadora) cliftesnsis Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Metachromadora Filipjev, 1918
M. (Metachromadoroides) remanei Gerlach, 1951
Spirinia Gerlach, 1963
S. (Perspiria) striaticaudata (Timm, 1962) Wieser & Hooper, 1967
Onyx Cobb, 1891
O. balochiensis Nasira, Rehmat & Shahina, 2011
Monoposthidae Filipjev, 1934
Monoposthia de Man, 1889
Monoposthia spp.
Ethmolaimidae Filipjev & Stekhoven, 1941
Paraethmolaimus Jensen, 1994
P. appendixocaudatus Jensen, 1994
Leptolaimina Lorenzen, 1981
Leptolaimidae Orley, 1880
Diodontolaimus Southern, 1914
D. karachiensis Nasira, Kamran & Shahina, 2005
Leptolaimus de Man, 1876
L. luridus Timm, 1963
Camacolaimus de Man, 1889
C. tardus de Man, 1889
Camacolaimus spp.
Ionema Cobb, 1920
I. cobbi Timm, 1963
Chronogaster Cobb, 1913
C. typica (de Man, 1921) de Coninck, 1937
Stephanolaimus Ditlevsen, 1914
Stephanolaimus spp.
Paraphanolaimus Micoletzky, 1923
P. granuliferus Timm, 1963
Halaphanolaimus Southern, 1914
H. marinus Kamran, Nasira & Shahina, 2010
Rhabdolaimidae Chitwood, 1961
Rogerinae Andrassy, 1976
230
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Rogerus Hoeppli & Chu, 1934
syn. Greenenema Andrassy, 1959
Rogerus spp.
Aulolaimidae Jairajpuri & Hooper, 1968
Aulolaimus de Man, 1880
A. mubarakvilli Salma, Saima, Nasira & Shahina, 2018
A. rashidae Shahina, Hunt & Siddiqi, 1996
Heliplectidae Chitwood, 1951
Heliplectus Cobb, 1913
H. dorsalis Cobb in Chitwood, 1956
H. gracilis Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
H. minor Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
H. monodelphis Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
H. pakistanensis Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
H. paradorsalis Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
H. robustus Shahina, Siddiqi & Nasira, 2014
Haliplectus spp.
Aegialoalaimidae Lorenzen, 1981
Aegialoalaimus de Man, 1907
Aegialoalaimus spp.
Odontolaimidae Gerlach & Riemann, 1974
Odontolaimus de Man, 1880
Odotolaimus spp.
Monochromadorinae Andrassy, 1958
Monochromadora Goodey, 1951
Monochromadora spp.
Desmoscolecina Filipjev, 1934
Desmoscolecidae Shipley 1896
Desmosoclex Claparede, 1863
Desmoscolex spp.
Triconema Cobb, 1893
Triconema spp.
Draconematidae Filipjev, 1918
Dracograllus Allen & Noffsinger, 1978
D. demanii Allen & Noffsinger, 1978
Monhysterida Filipjev, 1929
Monhysterina Chitwood & Chitwood, 1950
Monhysteridae de Man, 1876
Monhystera Bastian, 1865
M. karachiensis Timm, 1963
M. parelegantula de Coninck, 1943
231
F. Shahina et al.
Geomonhystera Andrassy, 1981
G. dubia Siddiqi & Shahina, 2004
G. karuni Siddiqi & Shahina, 2004
Monhystrella Cobb, 1918
Monhystrella spp.
DiplolaimellaAllgen, 1929
D. dievengatensis Jacobs, Velde, Geraert & Vranken, 1990
Diplolaimelloides Meyl, 1954
D. delyi Andrassy, 1958
Xyalidae Chitwood, 1951
Arabanema Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
A. pakistanensis Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Cobbia de Man, 1907
C. macrostoma Timm, 1963
Daptonema Cobb, 1920
Daptonema spp.
Megalolaimus Timm, 1961
Megalolaimus spp.
Paramonohystera Steiner, 1916
P. (Leptogastrella) pellucida Cobb, 1920
P. (Paramonhystera) longicaudata Timm, 1963
Rhynchonema Cobb, 1920
R. scutatum Lorenzen, 1971
Gonionchus Cobb, 1920
G. arabica Nasira & Turpeenniemi, 2003
Steineria Micoletzky, 1922
S. simplex Timm, 1963
S. pilosa brevisetosa Timm, 1957
Theristus Bastian, 1865
T. cylindricus Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
T. flevensis Stekhoven, 1935
T. (Penzancia) karachiense Salma, Nasira, Saima & Shahina, 2017
T. longisetifer Kito & Aryuthaka, 1998
T. otoplanobius Gerlach, 1951
T. (Cylindrotheristus) poloris Cobb, 1914
T. (Cylindrotheristus) normandicus de Man, 1890
232
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Thrichotheristus Weiser, 1956
T. floridanus Wieser & Hopper, 1967
Trichotheristus spp.
Sphaerolaimidae Filipjev, 1918
Sphaerolaimus Bastian, 1865
S. gracilis de Man, 1876
S. maeoticus Filipjev, 1922
Linhomoeidae Filipjev, 1922
Eleutherolaimus Filipjev, 1922
E. inglisi Timm, 1967
E. longus Filipjev, 1922
E. obtusicaudatus Allen, 1947
Terschellingia de Man, 1888
T. longicaudata de Man, 1907
T. communis de Man, 1888
T. lissa Timm, 1962
T. longissimicaudata Timm, 1962
T. magna Timm, 1962
syn. T. communis Gerlach, 1955
T. mora Gerlach, 1954
Metalinhomoeus de Man, 1907
M. karachiensis Timm, 1962
Megadesmolaimus Wieser, 1954
M. controtus Timm, 1962
Paralinhomoeus de Man, 1907
P. dubius Timm, 1961
Linhomoeus Bastian, 1865
syn. Anticyclus Cobb, 1920
Linhomoeus spp.
Axonolaimidae Filipjev, 1918
Pseudolella Cobb, 1920
P. granulifera Cobb, 1920
Odontophora Butschli, 1874
O. hawksbiensis Turpeenniemi, Nasira & Maqbool, 2001
Parodontophora Timm, 1963
P. cobbi Timm, 1963
P. pacifica (Allgen, 1947) Timm, 1963
Diplopeltidae Filipjev, 1918
Araeolaimus de Man, 1888
233
F. Shahina et al.
A. elegans de Man, 1888
A. taxianus Chitwood, 1951
Plectida Malakhov, 1982
Plectoidea Orley, 1880
Plectidae Orley, 1880
Plectinae Orley, 1880
Plectus Bastian, 1865
Plectus (Ceratoplectus) armatus (Butschli, 1873) Andrassy, 1984
P. karachiensis Shahina, Tabassum & Maqbool, 2001
P. perietinus Bastian, 1865
P. raabei Brzeski, 1961
P. tenuis Bastian, 1865
Plectus spp.
Willsonematinae Chitwood, 1951
Willsonema Cobb, 1913
W. promissum Khan, Seema & Khan, 1990
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Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (1984).
Description of Leipotylenchus amiri n. sp.,
(Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Pakistan.
Revue de Nematologie, 7, 363-365.
Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (1985). Two new
and two known species of the genus
Malenchus Andrassy, 1968 (Nematoda:
Tylenhchidae) from Pakistan. Pakistan
Journal of Nematology, 3, 1-7.
Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (1985).
Epicharinematinae
n.
subfam.
and
Karachinema elongatum n. gen., n.sp.
(Tylenchida: Nematoda) from Pakistan.
Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 3, 53-60.
Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (1985).
Criconemella
anastomoides
n.
sp.,
(Nematoda: Criconematina) from Pakistan.
Journal of Nematology, 17, 236-239.
Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (1985). Two new
species of the genus Ottolenchus Husain &
Khan, 1967 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) with
a key to the species and observation on O.
facultativus (Szczygiel, 1969) Brzeski,
1982 from Pakistan. Revue de Nematologie,
8, 329-333.
Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (1986). Four new
species of the family Hoplolaimidae
(Nematoda) with notes on Rotylenchus
cypriensis
Antoniou
from
Pakistan.
Nematologia Mediterranea, 14, 117-128.
Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (1986). New
species of cyst nematode Heterodera
pakistanensis (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)
attacking wheat in Pakistan. Journal of
Nematology, 18, 541-548.
Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (1987). Description
of two new and data on three known species of
the genus Tylenchus Bastian, 1865
(Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Pakistan with a
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key to the species of Tylenchus. Pakistan
Journal of Nematology, 5, 53-67.
Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (1987).
Nematodes of northern areas in Pakistan.
Description of Nagelus saifulmulukensis n.
sp., and Merlinius montanus n. sp.,
(Nematoda: Merliniinae) with notes on three
species of Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913.
Revue de Nematologie, 10, 289-294.
Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (1988).
Nematodes of northern areas in Pakistan
Heterodera bergeniae sp. n., (Nematoda:
Heteroderidae) a parasite of Bergenia
ciliata. Revue de Nematologie, 11, 121-127.
Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (1989). Nematode
of northern areas in Pakistan. Description of
Neothada major n. sp., and Pratylenchoides
maqsoodi n. sp., (Nematoda: Tylenchina).
Revue de Nematologie, 12, 211-216.
Maqbool, M. A. & Ghazala, P. (1984). Studies on
Orientylus karachiensis n. sp., (Nematoda:
Hoplolaimidae) and observations on
Orientylus siddiqii from Pakistan. Pakistan
Journal of Nematology, 2, 15-18.
Maqbool, M. A. & Ghazala, P. (1986).
Description of Boleodorus arachis n. sp.,
and Cephalenchus longicaudatus n. sp.,
(Nematoda: Tylenchida) with observations
on some new records from northern areas of
Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nematology,
4, 51-58.
Maqbool, M. A. (1982). Description of
Quinisulcius solani n. sp., (Nematoda:
Tylenchorhynchidae) with a key to the
species and data on Scutylenchus koreanus
from Pakistan. Journal of Nematology, 14,
221-225.
Maqbool, M. A. (1982). Studies on some
Criconematoidea (Nematoda) from Pakistan
with a description of Hemicriconemoides
ghaffari n. sp. Revue de Nematologie, 5,
257-260.
Maqbool, M. A. (1982). Three new species of the
super family Neotylenchoidea (Nematoda:
Tylenchida) from Pakistan. Journal of
Nematology, 14, 317-323.
Maqbool, M. A. (1983). Description of
Paktylenchus tuberosus gen. n., sp. n.,
238
(Nematoda: Tylenchinae) from Pakistan.
Journal of Nematology, 15, 76-79.
Maqbool, M. A., Zarina, B. & Ghazala, P.
(1987). Description of Tylenchus naranensis
n. sp., (Nematoda: Tylenchinae). Pakistan
Journal of Nematology, 5, 1-4.
Maqbool, M. A., Shahina, F. & Zarina, B. (1986).
Two new species of Hemicycliophorinae
Skarbilovich,
1959
(Nematoda:
Criconematidae) from Pakistan. Pakistan
Journal of Nematology, 4, 43-49.
Maqbool, M. A., Shahina, F. & Firoza, K.
(1990).
Description
of
Boleodorus
azadkashmirensis n. sp., (Nematoda:
Tylenchidae) and observation on Filenchus
vulgaris (Brzeski, 1963) Lownsbery &
Lownsbery, 1985 from Pakistan. Pakistan
Journal of Nematology, 8, 43-48.
Maqbool, M. A., Nasira, K. & Turpeenniemi, T.
A. (1999). Description of free-living marine
nematode Enoplolaimus karachiensis sp. nov.,
and five know species (Nematoda: Enoplida;
Monhysterida) from Arabian Sea. Pakistan
Journal of Nematology, 17, 105-123.
Maqbool, M. A., Fatima, N. & Hashmi, S.
(1983). Merlinius niazae n. sp., (Nematoda:
Merliniinae) and the occurrence of some
members
of
Merliniinae
and
Tylenchorhynchinae in Pakistan. Pakistan
Journal of Nematology, 1, 111-121.
Maqbool, M. A., Ghazala, P. & Fatima, N.
(1984). Two new species of the family
Dolichodoridae (Nematoda: Tylenchida)
from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of
Nematology, 2, 61-67.
Maqbool, M. A., Ghazala, P., Fatima, N. &
Qasim, M. (1985). Pararotylenchus
microstylus n. sp., and Scutylenchus
baluchiensis n. sp., with observations on
some new records from Pakistan. Pakistan
Journal of Nematology, 3, 61-67.
Maqbool, M. A., Shahina, F. & Zarina, B.
(1984). Aglenchus mardanensis n. sp., a new
nematode species (Tylenchinae) from
Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nematology,
2, 19-22.
Maqbool, M. A., Fatima, N. & Shahina, F.
(1984). Three new species of the family
Overview of the nematode fauna of Pakistan
Tylenchidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from
Pakistan with comments on the genus
Basiroides. Pakistan Journal of Nematology,
2, 49-59.
Maqbool, M. A. & Shahina, F. (2001).
Distribution and Systematics: Biodiversity
of Nematode Fauna in Pakistan. National
Nematological Research Centre, University
of Karachi, Karachi, pp 179.
Musarrat, R., Handoo, Z. A. & Shahina, F.
(2008). Description of Tylenchorhynchus
qasimii sp. n. with a new report of T.
kegasawai, 1995 from Pakistan. Journal of
Nematology, 40, 20-25.
Nasir, M. & Tabassum, K. A. (2018). Description
of Oscheius karachiensis n.sp. (Nematoda:
Rhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic
nematode from chicko (Manilkara zapota),
Saeedabad, Sindh, Pakistan. International
Journal of Scientific & Engineering
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Nasira, K. & Maqbool, M. A. (1994). Two new
species of Paratrichodorus Siddiqi, 1974
(Nematoda: Trichodoridae) with observation
on P. mirzai (Siddiqi, 1960) Siddiqi, 1974
and P. renifer Siddiqi, 1974 from Pakistan.
Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 17,
323-332.
Nasira, K. & Maqbool, M. A. (1994). Xiphinema
cynodontis n. sp., (Nematoda: Longidoridae)
from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of
Nematology, 12, 99-107.
Nasira, K. & Maqbool, M. A. (1995).
Description of Longidorus trapezoides n.
sp., and morphometric data on L. elongatus
(de Man, 1876) Thorne & Swanger, 1936
(Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Pakistan.
Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 13, 51-60.
Nasira, K. & Maqbool, M. A. (1996).
Description of Tylenchorhynchus gossypii n.
sp., (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) with
observation on T. elegans Siddiqi, 1961
from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of
Nematology, 14, 33-40.
Nasira, K. & Maqbool, M. A. (1998).
Description of Xiphinema pakistanensis n.
sp., and the male of X. oxycaudatum
Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979 with
observation on X. thornei Lamberti &
Golden, 1986 (Nematoda: Longidoridae)
from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of
Nematology, 16, 1-12.
Nasira, K. & Turpeenniemi, T. A. (2002).
Description of Trissonchulus lichenii n. sp., and
Halalaimus gidanensis n. sp., with observations
on three known species (Nematoda: Enoplida)
from northern Arabian Sea. Pakistan Journal of
Nematology, 20, 1-16.
Nasira, K. & Turpeenniemi, T. A. (2003).New
and known marine nematodes of the family
Xyalidae (Nematoda: Monhysterida) from
Arabian Sea of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal
of Nematology, 21, 1-9.
Nasira, K., Rehmat, B. & Shahina, F. (2011).
Description of Onyx balochiensis n. sp.,
(Nematoda:
Chromadorida)
with
a
compendium of the genus Onyx Cobb, 1891
from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of
Nematology, 29, 1-13.
Nasira, K., Shahina, F. & Firoza, K. (2010).
Description of Longidorella (Saevadorella)
tharensis sp. n., (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)
from Sindh, Pakistan. International Journal
of Nematology, 20, 135-140.
Nasira, K., Shahina, F. & Firoza, K. (2013).
Deladenus cocophilus n. sp. (Nematoda:
Hexatylina):
A
mycetophagous
and
entomoparasitic nematode in infested
coconut fruits from Balochistan, Pakistan.
Journal of Nematology, 45, 106-111.
Nasira, K., Shahina, F. & Maqbool, M. A.
(1991). Tylenchorhynchus swatiensis n. sp.,
(Nematoda: Tylenchida) from the Swat area
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Pakistan.
Pakistan
Journal
of
Nematology, 9, 1-5.
Nasira, K., Shahina, F. & Maqbool, M. A.
(1999). Description of Solididens swatiensis
n. sp., (Dorylaimida: Nygolaimoidea) with
observations on four known species from
Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nematology,
17, 1-14.
Nasira, K., Shahina, F. & Kamran, M. (2005).
Description of Diodontolaimus karachiensis
n. sp., (Chromadorida: Leptolaimidae) from
Arabian Sea of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal
of Nematology, 23, 115-118.
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Description of Discolaimus pakistanense n.
sp., (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with a
compendium of the genus Discolaimus
Cobb, 1913 from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal
of Nematology, 26, 107-124.
Nasira, K., Shahina, F., Firoza, K. & Maqbool,
M. A. (1993). Description of Paralongidorus
lemoni n. sp., and redescription of P. major
Verma, 1973 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from
Pakistan with SEM observation. Pakistan
Journal of Nematology, 11, 79-91.
Nasira, K., Erum, Y. I. & Shahina, F. (2005).
Description of Tylencholaimus cynodonti n.
sp., with observation on four known species
(Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Pakistan.
Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 23, 189-202.
Nasira, K., Firoza, K. & Maqbool, M. A. (1992).
Description of Xiphinema karachiense sp.
n., and morphometric data on Enchodelus
macrodorus (de Man, 1880), Thorne, 1939
(Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Pakistan.
Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 15,
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Nasira, K., Maqbool, M. A., Turpeenniemi, T. A.
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Microlaimus sonmianensis n. sp., with
observation on Microlaimus arenicola
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Blome, 1982 (Chromadorida: Microlaimidae)
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Journal of Nematology, 18: 1-10.
Nasira, K., Israr, M. & Shahina, F. (2017).
Description of Paradorylaimus dorsocaudali
new species (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with
notes on Plectus (Ceratoplectus armatus)
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Nasira, K., Kamran, M. K. & Shahina, F. (2007).
Two new species of free-living marine
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Nematology, 25, 91-98.
Nasira, K., Kamran, M., Shahina, F. & Kazmi,
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nematode Thalassironus qatarense n. sp.,
(Enoplida: Ironidae) from Arabian Gulf,
240
Qatar. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 24,
139-144.
Nasira, K., Shahina, F. & Shamim, S. (2014).
Descriptions of Bathyeurystomina minima
sp. n. and Belbolla longispiculata sp. n. with
observations on Pareurystomina vaughtae
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identification of four new species of marine
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35, 113-150.
Salma, J., Saima, M., Nasira, K. & Shahina, F.
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Description
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Aulolaimus
mubarakvilli new species (Nematoda:
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Shahina, F. & Tabassum, K. A. (2002).
Description of Cephalobus sacchari n. sp.,
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Heterodera cynodontis n. sp., (Nematoda:
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Journal of Nematology, 8, 49-63.
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Description of three new species of the
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Description of Deladenus pakistanensis n.
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Shahina, F. & Maqbool, M. A. (1993). Gracilacus
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Journal of Nematology, 11, 1-5.
Shahina, F. & Maqbool, M. A. (1993).
Pakcriconemoides anastomoides (Maqbool &
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Shahina, F. & Maqbool, M. A. (1994).
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Three new species of Aulolaimus de Man
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Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 19, 33-40.
Shahina, F., Nasira, K. and Shamim, S. (2015).
Description of Metoncholaimus siddiqii n.
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Shahina, F., Tabassum, K. A. & Nasira, K. (2006).
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