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Taxon profile

species

Cone-shell
Conus ventricosus Gmelin, 1791

kingdom Animalia - animals »  phylum Mollusca - mollusks »  class Gastropoda - gastropods »  order Neogastropoda »  family Conidae »  genus Conus - Cones »  subgenus Lautoconus

Scientific synonyms

Lautoconus ventricosus (Gmelin, 1791)
Conus adansonii Lamarck, 1810
Conus adriaticus Nardo, 1847
Conus amazonicus Nardo, 1847
Conus caillaudi Jay, 1846
Conus chersoideus Nardo, 1847
Conus cinctus Bosc, 1801
Conus clodianus Nardo, 1847
Conus cretheus Nardo, 1847
Conus epaphus Nardo, 1847

Least Concern LC

Images

Conus ventricosus - Cone-shell

Author: Jan Delsing

Conus ventricosus - Cone-shell

Author: Jan Delsing

Conus ventricosus - Cone-shell

Author: Jan Delsing

Taxon in country check-lists*

* List of countries might not be complete

Description

As Conus mediterraneus:

Shape in adult shells is the same for extremely large and the more usual small individuals, juveniles are less bulbous. Spire moderately elevated with seven to nine smooth, convex whorls. The peripheral shoulder is rounded, aperture moderately wide. The last whorl covered with spiral ridges, in variable number (30-50), the larger ones near the base. The ground colour is dirty white, marked with longitudinal marks which are variable in colour. There is a light coloured spiral band at the lower middle of the last whorl, on adults as well as juveniles. Spire usually dark brown with a few white blotches. The periostracum is thin, transparent, and yellowish-olive. With lengths of 15 to 25 mm.
Bandel K. & Wils E. (1977). On Conus mediterraneus and Conus guianicus.
Habitat: it lives in the infralittoral zone, on rocky bottoms plenty of algae. It feeds on small polichetes. Distribution: rather common all over the Mediterranean.
Notes: unmistakable shell, conic in form, solid, more or less tapered. Last whorl almost the totality of height, more or less sharp-cornered in the upper part, truncated at the base, even convexity is changeable. Aperture narrow and stretched, rectilinear. Columella straight and lip sharp. Protoconch smooth, first whorls of teleconch a little bit streaked, as well as the base. Central part smooth. Usually on a ground greenish in colour, there are either flammulae or irregular maculae darker, often placed spirally, but there can be found specimens either brown or pink in colour. It is always present one lighter streak in the median part of the last whorl and another one, not always visible, in the upper part of the whorl. Inside the aperture is dark violet in colour, made exception for the margin of the lip and the bands which are lighter. Periostracum brown in colour and almost transparent. Operculum corneous, stretched, dark brown. The animal is light violet dotted in colour. This species has a lot of synonyms and there are plenty of described varieties, among which we remind: ater Philippi, endemic of Lago del Faro (Messina - Sicily - Italy) almost uniform black in colour and gaudiosus Nicolay, slim in form, spiral very turricolate. Conus vayssierei Pallary, 1903, is recognizable mainly due to an apex sharper and protuberant, to the colour pattern which is always very light and to the missing of the median band lighter. The adult specimens average measures are around 35-40 mm in height, but it can reach even 70 mm exceptionally.
Scaperrotta, M. ,Bartolini, S. & Bogi, C., 2009. Accrescimenti, Vol. 2. Stages of growth of marine molluscs of the Mediterranean Sea.
Author: Jan Delsing

Similar species

Conus guinaicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792

Links and literature

EN Galli C.: WMSDB - Wolrdwide Mollusc Species Data Base July 10, 2013 [http://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/WMSDhome....] [as Leptoconus mediterraneus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792]
Data retrieved on: 2 February 2014
CZ Pfleger V. (1999): České názvy živočichů III. Měkkýši (Mollusca), Národní muzeum, (zoologické odd.), Praha, 108 pp. [as Conus ventricosus GMELIN, 1791]
Data retrieved on: 11 November 2013
IT Repetto G., Orlando F. & Arduino G. (2005): Conchiglie del Mediterraneo, Amici del Museo "Federico Eusebio", Alba, Italy [as Conus mediterraneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792]
EN Petović S., Gvozdenović S., Ikica Z. (2017): An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Molluscs of the South Adriatic Sea (Montenegro) and a Comparison with Those of Neighbouring Areas, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 17: 921-934 [as Conus ventricosus (Gmelin, 1791)]
SP López, J. (2001): Conotoxinas, Spira, 1(1): 7-11 [as Conus ventricosus]
SP Prats Pi, L. (2002): Gastròpodes marins de la cala de Binissafúller, Menorca (Illes Balears), Spira, 1(2): 21-24 [as Conus mediterraneus Hwass in Bruguière,1792]
SP Tarruella Ruestes, A. (2002): Moluscos marinos de Cap Ras y Llançà (Girona, NE de la península Ibérica), Spira, 1(2): 1-14 [as Conus mediterraneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792]

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