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species

Calliostoma apicisuperi S.-I Huang & I.-F. Fu, 2019

kingdom Animalia - animals »  phylum Mollusca - mollusks »  class Gastropoda - gastropods »  family Calliostomatidae »  genus Calliostoma

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Calliostoma apicisuperi

Author: Huang S.-I & Fu I-F

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Description

Shell heavy, stout and conoidal, up to 19.8 mm in height, without umbilicus. Spire height is about two fifth of shell height. The protoconch of about 1 whorl is glossy and white in color. The teleoconch of 7 to 8.5 whorls is beige to light khaki with iridescence on interspaces and cord surface. The sides are straight on spire whorl and gently inflated on penultimate and body whorls; the base is gently convex. The 1st teleoconch whorl has 3 spiral cords while P3 is stronger than P2, which is in turn stronger than P1. P2 and P3 develop a secondary cord on the 3rd teleoconch whorl; P1 develops a secondary cord on the 4lh teleoconch whorl. P2 and S2 develop tertiary cords on the 5th teleoconch whorl. S1 soon gains similar strength of P1; S2, its tertiary cord and S3 arc smaller than P2 and P3. Spiral sculpture is composed of dense rows of rounded beads and the shallow interspaces are much smaller than the cord width. The suture is distinct and highlighted by the recessive S3 at lower whorls. The sculpture of the base is composed of 10 to 14 spiral cords of flat and rounded beads. The aperture is subquadrate; the outer lip is everted externally, thin at margin and thickened within; inner lip continues on the thick columella; parietal glaze is clear. The shell color is basically beige to pale khaki and the beads on the cords are ornamented with ivory, khaki, light brown to dark brown freckles. P1 & P2 derived cord surface is ornamented with pale brownish axial blotches and P3 derived cord surface is ornamented with dark brown blots. The brownish corneous operculum is circular, multispiral and sculptured with a central nucleus and fine threads.
Huang S.-I [Shih-I] & Fu I-F. [I-Feng]. (2019). Descriptions of one new Margaritidae and three new Calliostomatidae from Taiwan, Japan and the Philippines

Interchangeable taxa

Higo et al. (2001) figure the colored holotype of Calliostoma sakashitai (Sakurai, 1994) (NSMT-Mo 70284, National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan) and facilitate its exact identification. The 1st teleoconch whorl has 3 cords while P1 is weaker than P2 and P2 is weaker than P3. P2 develops a secondary cord on the 3rd teleoconch whorl. P3 develops a secondary cord on the 4th teleoconch whorl and P1 develops a secondary cord on the 5th teleoconch whorl. P1 to P3 develop tertiary cords on the 7th teleoconch whorl and the primary cords are stronger than the secondary cords, which in turn are stronger than the tertiary cords. Calliostoma apicisuperi n. sp. shares similar size and whorl side contour with C. sakashitai and differs from that species having smaller beaded sculptures and wide U-shaped interspaces and the primary cords are stronger than the secondary cords, which in turn are stronger than the tertiary cords. Calliostoma apicisuperi n. sp. shares similar size and whorl side contour with C. sakashitai and differs from that species having smaller beaded sculptures and wide U-shaped interspaces. Calliostoma scobinatum (A. Adams in Reeve, 1863) is also close to the new species. The 1st teleoconch has 4 cords and PI is slightly stronger than P2 & P3 and develops a secondary cord on the 4lh teleoconch whorl. P4 becomes wider and elevated and is the largest cord after the 4th teleoconch whorl and ornamented with white and brown coloration. Calliostoma apicisuperi n. sp. shares similar size and whorl side contour with C. scobinatum and differs from that species having a rounded beaded sculpture with narrow axial and spiral interspaces. Calliostoma basulense Poppe, Tagaro & Vilvens, 2014 from the Philippines has been confused with C. sakashitai (Poppe et al. 2006, Poppe & Tagaro 2008). The 151 teleoconch whorl has 3 cords and P1 is smaller than P2 which is in turn smaller than P3. P2 develops a secondary cord on the 3rd teleoconch whorl and P1 & P3 develop secondary cords on the 5th teleoconch whorl. These primary cords are ornamented with pale purple coloration and secondary cords are ornamented with pinkish coloration; the cord interspaces arc wide and orange. Calliostoma apicisuperi n. sp. shares similar size and complicated cords topology on lower whorls with C. basulense and differs from that species having a smaller beaded sculpture with wider axial and spiral interspaces.
ETYMOLOGY
This species name, a noun in the genitive case, is a combination of apex and super and means "super top" to describe this topshell of the Taiwanese fauna.
Huang S.-I [Shih-I] & Fu I-F. [I-Feng]. (2019). Descriptions of one new Margaritidae and three new Calliostomatidae from Taiwan, Japan and the Philippines

Distribution

TYPE LOCALITY
Northeastern Taiwan, Turtle Island, 100 to 200 m deep.
RANGE AND HABITAT
Currently limited to the type locality, East China Sea, northeastern Taiwan, Turtle Island, 100 to 200 m deep; sand and fine gravel bottoms.
Huang S.-I [Shih-I] & Fu I-F. [I-Feng]. (2019). Descriptions of one new Margaritidae and three new Calliostomatidae from Taiwan, Japan and the Philippines
Author: Jan Delsing

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