The species included in the recently reinstated genus Bilimbia De Not. (Veldkamp 2004) are usually associated with temperate and cold regions in both hemispheres, where they are muscicolous, terricolous or develop on plant debris (Wirth 1995; Nimis & Martellos 2004; Søchting et al. 2004; Hafellner et al. 2005; Kantvilas et al. 2005). Occasionally, taxa inhabiting corticolous bryophytes extend to adjoining bark, but no species has been described as exclusively corticolous.