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Maintenance of ionic gradients and tissue hydration in the intertidal sea cucumber Holothuria grisea under hypo- and hyper-salinity challenges

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2016

Giovanna C. Castellano ,
Ivonete Aparecida Santos  and
Carolina A. Freire
Giovanna C. Castellano
Affiliation:
Graduate Programme in Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
Ivonete Aparecida Santos
Affiliation:
Graduate Programme in Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
Carolina A. Freire*
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr C.A. Freire Graduate Program in Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil email: cafreire@ufpr.br or osmolab98@gmail.com
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Abstract

Echinoderms are exclusively marine, osmoconformer invertebrates. Their distribution patterns are strongly influenced by salinity. Nevertheless, several species of the phylum inhabit the challenging intertidal zone, characterized by steep and fast salinity fluctuations. This study evaluated the response of coelomic fluid ionic concentrations (sodium, chloride, magnesium and potassium) of the intertidal sea cucumber Holothuria grisea to hypo- and hypersaline challenges. A stepwise protocol was performed for the whole animal exposure to both anisosmotic conditions: from 35 to 15 psu along 8 h, and from 35 to 45 psu along 6 h, to simulate intertidal conditions. Tissue water regulation by the longitudinal muscle, oesophagus and posterior intestine was also evaluated, upon hypo- and hyper-osmotic shocks of 20 and 50% of intensity with respect to the isosmotic control. Ionic gradients were observed between coelomic fluid and external water, mainly for potassium and magnesium, but also sodium, and in a greater extent under hyposaline conditions than under hypersaline exposure. Consistently, H. grisea shows retracted tube feet in 15 psu, but a more relaxed appearance and exposed tube feet in 45 psu. In addition, H. grisea showed greater capacity for tissue water maintenance during hyper- than in hyposmotic conditions. Holothuria grisea shows an avoidance behaviour in low salinity (thus sustaining ionic gradients), preventing its tissues from intense swelling. This strategy allows it to dwell in the intertidal region.

Keywords

chloridecoelomic fluidechinodermoesophagusintestinelongitudinal musclemagnesiumpotassiumsodium
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 98 , Issue 2 , March 2018 , pp. 325 - 332
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2016 

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