Abstract
The species diversity of marine fungi was investigated in eastern and southern Thailand. Senescent and decaying woody substrata were collected from intertidal mangrove forests located in Trat, Prachuap Khiri Khan and Phetchaburi Provinces. A total of 99 fungal species was recorded. These included 84 Ascomycota (85%), two Basidiomycota (2%) and 13 asexual fungi (13%). The average percentage occurrence of the fungi recorded from each site ranged from 0.1% to 13.7%. Based on the percentage of samples in which a particular taxon was found, the most frequent fungi were Quintaria lignatilis (8%), Rimora mangrovei (8%) and Salsuginea ramicola (7%). The results showed that 25 species were common to all three provinces. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, equitability species evenness index and Margalef’s species richness index were the highest in Trat Province, followed by Prachuap Khiri Khan and Phetchaburi Provinces. Moreover, eight fungal species were new records for Thailand: Aniptodera salsuginosa, Etheirophora bijubata, Etheirophora blepharospora, Neptunella longirostris, Oceanitis cincinnatula, Savoryella melanospora, Sedecimiella taiwanensis and Trichocladium lignicola, and there are three new species. The results from this study provide an insight into the diversity of marine fungi present in Thai mangroves bringing the current total number to 184 species.
About the authors
Satinee Suetrong is a researcher at Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory, Biodiversity and Biotechnological Resource Research Unit (BBR), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand. She earned her PhD in Microbiology from Prince of Songkla University, Thailand. Her research interests include marine Dothideomycetous fungi, rock inhabiting and deteriorating fungi in Thailand – isolation, characterization, and their natural products and polyunsaturated fatty acid producing microbes.
Sita Preedanon is working as a research assistant at Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand. Her research interests include marine mycology and molecular phylogenetics. Recently, she has worked on a morphological and molecular phylogeny study of marine fungi. Other research work includes crude lipid and fatty acid extraction from marine microbes.
Anupong Klaysuban is a lab technician at National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Applied Biology from Chandrakasem Rajabhat University. His research interests focus on marine, endophytic fungi and polyunsaturated fatty acid producing microbes.
Wunna Gundool is a researcher assistant at Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand. She obtained her BSc at Mahasarakham University. She currently works on the diversity of marine fungi in Thailand.
Panida Unagul is a researcher at National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand. She was awarded a PhD in Fermentation Technology by King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi for work on production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Schizochytrium. Her current research has focused on microbial production of a variety of bio-products such as fatty acids, bioactive compounds and enzymes.
Jariya Sakayaroj is working as a researcher and Lab Head of Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand. She has published extensively on diversity, molecular phylogenetics and chemical constituents of various fungal groups. Her research interests include diversity and phylogenetic study of marine and endophytic fungi. Other areas of current research include study and application of fungal-like microbes producing high value fatty acids.
Waratthaya Promchu is a professional forest technical officer, as a part of The Mangroves Conservation Office, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources. Her research interests are mangrove resources (Flora and fauna) related to mangrove ecology, biodiversity, quantification of carbon stock, the releasing of carbon dioxide from dead trees and coarse woody debris and climate change.
Tanuwong Sangtiean is a forest technical officer, expert level of Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Thailand. He earned his PhD from The University of Queensland, Australia with an emphasis on nitrogen physiology of ectomycorrhizal fungi and effects on their host plants. His research recently has focused on biodiversity in mangrove forests and mangrove rehabilitation in Thailand.
Acknowledgements
The authors express their sincere gratitude to Prof. E.B. Gareth Jones for his continuous support and contribution to Thai marine fungal studies. This work was supported by Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (under the collaboration project: Marine Microbes for National Reserves: Alternative Ways of State Property) and National Science and Technology Development Agency (grant no. P-14-51395). We acknowledge Prof. Morakot Tanticharoen, Dr. Kanyawim Kirtikara and Dr. Lily Eurwilaichitr for continued support. Special thanks go to Mr. Nirut Muklert, Mr. Chonlawit Samart and Department of Marine and Coastal Resources staff for field assistance.
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