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انگیزه نیکسون‌کُشی و جشن انقلاب شیلی

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پابلونرودا شاعر شیلیائی که سرزمین‌های شگفت آور عشق را در دوران جوانی در نوردیده است، اینک به روزگار پیری به آن مضامین بدرود می‌گوید و بی‌قراری‌هایش را به میهنش – شیلی – باز می‌آورد و با شمشیری آخته در کنار آلنده بر نیکسون می‌تازد که دندانش را برای سرمایه‍‌های ملی شیلی تیز کرده است. نرودا در اینجا نیز همچون در سرود اعتراض، وجدان بیدار و صدای خشم آلوده مردم است. قلب او همیشه لبریز از عشق به شیلی بوده و الهام او صلح و امید، و رزم ابزار او شعر.

انگیزه نیکسون کشی و جشن انقلاب شیلی را از مهمترین کتاب شعرهای ضدآمریکایی جهان قلمداد می‌کنند. برخی از پژوهشگران می‌گویند انتشار همین شعرها علت اصلی مرگ مشکوک او بوده است.

107 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1973

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About the author

Pablo Neruda

873 books9,012 followers
Pablo Neruda was the pen name and, later, legal name of the Chilean writer and politician Neftalí Ricardo Reyes Basoalto. Neruda assumed his pen name as a teenager, partly because it was in vogue, partly to hide his poetry from his father, a rigid man who wanted his son to have a "practical" occupation. Neruda's pen name was derived from Czech writer and poet Jan Neruda; Pablo is thought to be from Paul Verlaine. With his works translated into many languages, Pablo Neruda is considered one of the greatest and most influential poets of the 20th century.

Neruda was accomplished in a variety of styles, ranging from erotically charged love poems like his collection Twenty Poems of Love and a Song of Despair, surrealist poems, historical epics, and overtly political manifestos. In 1971 Neruda won the Nobel Prize for Literature, a controversial award because of his political activism. Colombian novelist Gabriel García Márquez once called him "the greatest poet of the 20th century in any language."

On July 15, 1945, at Pacaembu Stadium in São Paulo, Brazil, he read to 100,000 people in honor of Communist revolutionary leader Luís Carlos Prestes. When Neruda returned to Chile after his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, Salvador Allende invited him to read at the Estadio Nacional before 70,000 people.

During his lifetime, Neruda occupied many diplomatic posts and served a stint as a senator for the Chilean Communist Party. When Conservative Chilean President González Videla outlawed communism in Chile, a warrant was issued for Neruda's arrest. Friends hid him for months in a house basement in the Chilean port of Valparaíso. Later, Neruda escaped into exile through a mountain pass near Maihue Lake into Argentina. Years later, Neruda was a close collaborator to socialist President Salvador Allende.

Neruda was hospitalized with cancer at the time of the Chilean coup d'état led by Augusto Pinochet. Three days after being hospitalized, Neruda died of heart failure. Already a legend in life, Neruda's death reverberated around the world. Pinochet had denied permission to transform Neruda's funeral into a public event. However, thousands of grieving Chileans disobeyed the curfew and crowded the streets to pay their respects. Neruda's funeral became the first public protest against the Chilean military dictatorship.

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Displaying 1 - 14 of 14 reviews
Profile Image for حسن صنوبری.
271 reviews99 followers
February 8, 2021
آدم های عاشق عصبانی نمی شوند، دست کم به این راحتی ها، دست کم برای مسائل پیش پا افتاده، اما وقتی عصبانی می شوند، عصبانی می شوند! شدیدتر و شعله ورتر و خشم آگین تر از آدم های معمولی.
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پابلو نرودا یکی از آن عاشق های عصبانی بود، وگرنه شاعر عشق و گل سرخ را به عصبانیت و سیاست چه کار؟ او را عصبانی کردند دشمنان خارجی و خائنان داخلی کشورش. این شد که مجبور شد در آخرین دفترش بگوید: «خداحافظ عشق! می بوسمت تا فردا!»
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نرودا شاعر و سیاستمدار انقلابی مشهور اهل شیلی را از وجهی شاید بتوان بزرگترین شاعر ضدآمریکایی جهان دانست. البته که جدا از فعالیت ها و شعرهای سیاسی، او در شمار برترین شاعران و عاشقانه سرایان روزگار خود بود و از این نظر با ناظم حکمت دیگر شاعر عاشقانه سرا و ضدآمریکایی قابل مقایسه است. اهدای جایزه نوبل 1971 به پابلو نرودا، خود شاهدی بود بر اینکه نمی توانستند جایگاه ادبی او را نادیده بگیرند. اما اتفاقاتی که برای سرزمینش رخ داد از او یک شاعر تمام عیار سیاسی، وطن پرست و ضدآمریکایی ساخت. او برای ملی ماندن صنعت مس کشورش و پایان دادن به اعمال نفوذها، چپاول ها و دزدی های آمریکایی ها و غربی ها از کشورش، خشاب قلمش را با گلوله های آتشین شعر پر کرد و در کنار رئیس جمهور مردمی کشورش سالوادور آلنده به جنگ دشمنان و مهره گردانان خارجی و خائنان و مهره های داخلی رفت. تا اینکه دوازده روز پس از کودتای پینوشه در 1973، بمباران کاخ ریاست جمهوری و قتل آلنده، شاعر آزاده ی ما نیز توسط ایادی کودتای آمریکایی مسموم و به قتل رسید
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هشت ماه پیش از زمان کودتا آخرین کتاب شعر نرودا با عنوان صریح و ضدآمریکاییِ «فراخوانی برای کشتار نیکسون و شادمانی برای انقلاب شیلی» نگاشته شد. کتابی که تا هفت سال پس از کودتا اجازه انتشار در شیلی را پیدا نکرد و نشر و توزیع جهانی کتاب نیز بیش از این زمان به طول انجامید، با اینکه مولفش بزرگترین چهره هنری ادبی شیلی بود
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بسیاری از هنرمندان برتر جهان با افشاگری های نرودا نسبت به این موضوع واکنش نشان دادند. از جمله «گابریل گارسیا مارکز» که در این باب کتابی نوشت با عنوان «مرگ سالوادور آل��ده» و «کاستا گاوراس» که فیلم «گم شده» خود را در حاشیه ماجرای همین کودتا ساخت
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link: متن کامل یادداشتم درباره ماجراهای این کتاب
Profile Image for António Jacinto.
99 reviews1 follower
February 20, 2023
Belo registo emocional, quase diário, de uma revolução que os EUA, mais um vez, atraiçoaram. O texto gravita entre um estilo épico, mordaz e quase naif. A tradução do Alexandre O' Neill é espantosa, como não poderia deixar de ser. Juntando isto, por coincidência, aos novos dados sobre a morte por envenenamento de Neruda, ressalta um travo amargo de revolta contra a podridão da direita chilena e da ingerência norte-americana.
January 29, 2023
Esile ma abbastanza significativo: un testamento politico e un'invettiva contro quel boia di Nixon. Tuttavia tra poesia e politica questo testo si ferma più sulla prima, non va a fondo delle questioni pratiche ma si limita alle sensazioni dell'autore su quello che sta succedendo intorno a lui. Quindi come testamento politico non funziona proprio al cento per cento, mentre come poesia è abbastanza riuscita. Purtroppo non posso dare più di un 3++ quasi 4. Invece l'idea dell'eliminazione (politica ahem sia chiaro ahem) di Nixon mi pare la cosa più giusta mai pensata.
Profile Image for Andrés Zelada.
Author 10 books80 followers
September 20, 2022
No soy yo mucho de poesía ni me cae bien Pablo Neruda, pero he disfrutado este breve volumen de poesías amargas y temerosas pero, aun así, ilusionadas. Ay.
Profile Image for Julio Pino.
1,170 reviews79 followers
August 5, 2023
Fidel Castro had a great sense of humor and so, when Richard Nixon's name was printed in Cuban newspapers the X in Nixon was changed to a swastika! That is the spirit behind Pablo Neruda's NIXONCIDIO, his last poetic work published before Nixon and Kissinger extinguished Chilean democracy. Normally, I don't embrace conspiracy theories but am now convinced that Neruda's death, coming only a few days after CIA monkey Pinochet seized power in Chile on September 11, 1973, was murder, and that this volume played a role in setting that assassination into motion.
Profile Image for Dorian.
19 reviews
June 11, 2023
listen, one of my absolute favourite combinations are poetry and politics but man did I only get what he was talking about very few times.
Profile Image for Ghazal.
10 reviews1 follower
October 9, 2023
"از ما کشوری ساخته‌اند،
زخم خورده‌ی زندان‌ها و شمشیر‌ها! "
Profile Image for Wyma.
237 reviews
Read
April 11, 2009
This is a tiny chapbook, hastily put together so that a quarter of the pages are upside down. It was translated close to the time it was published - around 1968-69. A later translation was published more widely. I was looking for a poem I heard at a film called Incitement to Nixoncide at the University of Arizona in 1968. I did not find the poem; perhaps it was the reader's and not Neruda's. It is fascinating as the lead-up to the Allende Marxist presidency of Chile (1970), showing the poet already angry with the United States for taking Chile's copper and suspicious of President Nixon, who cast himself as a bringer of peace who would get America out of Vietnam. In 1973 the CIA assisted a coup to take Allende's government; Allende died during the coup. Neruda, always close to Allende, died the same year.
Profile Image for Hendrick J..
17 reviews
May 6, 2011
Un gran sin numero de balas, que logró Neruda disparar desde su advertencia en la "Explicación perentoria" que anexa el libro. Excelente libro de poemas que desde el titulo hasta el ultimo poema te atrapa, te lleva a vivir y sentir todas esas sensaciones que tenía Neruda por aquel tiempo; aunque el libro este un tanto relacionado directamente a la política chilena en los años en los que Neruda escribió dichos poemas, no deja de impactar la naturaleza con la que escribió. Apuntó, disparó y se desahogo.
Profile Image for Randy.
25 reviews3 followers
Read
March 19, 2008
The Spanish here was challenging for my level but very rewarding, more, I must admit, than the accompanying English translations. I suppose this isn't for you if Nixon is your favorite historical figure, because Neruda certainly has a bone to pick, but I thought the poems were even more poignant knowing the events of the coup that followed shortly after this book's publication. If you want to investigate making the poetic political, this is a great place to start.
Profile Image for Payam.
4 reviews55 followers
March 4, 2007
One of the most admirable poetry works of our time by my favorite poet Pablo Neruda. Entirely committed yet brilliant in poetical charisma.
Profile Image for Michael.
160 reviews13 followers
September 6, 2012
Sería difícil decir que la poesía brille, pero como objet d'art, artefacto de su tiempo, es bueno conocerlo.
Displaying 1 - 14 of 14 reviews

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