Causes of Myoclonus - Differential Diagnosis

LOCALIZATION:

 • Cortical: Focal/multifocal: Distal UL+ Face, Action/sensitive induced

 • Sub-Cortical: Axial/Bilateral, Startle/Auditory induced

 • Spinal: Unilateral: Arm, trunk, Independent +/- sensitive stimulus

 • Peripheral: Hemifacial. Rhythmic/ semirhythmic

TIME COURSE:

 • Hyperacute: Physical encephalopathies, post stroke, trauma

 • Acute: Infections (Arbovirus, HSV, HIV, Malaria, Syphilis, PML), Inflammatory (MS)

 • Sub-acute: OMS, Neoplasia, autoinmune and paraneoplastic encephalopathies, CJD

 • Chronic: Storage disease, spinocerebellar degenerations, dementias, malabsorbtion (celiac, whipple)

TOXIC METABOLIC:

↓(Na, P, Glu), ↑(Glu, thyroid), encephalopathy (hepatic, septic, pulmonary), acid-base, opioids, psychiatric drugs, AED, antibiotics, levodopa, anticonvulsant, NSAID, lithium, propofol, Toluene, gasoline sniffing, substance withdrawal, contrast media, dehydration, primary progressive myoclonus of aging.



- Kiara Camacho @kiaracamacho96 & Marco Malaga @MarcoMalaga97



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