The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Heathery or a monograph of the genus Erica: vol. 1, by H. C. Andrews.

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INTRODUCTION.

As an apology for the present undertaking, the Author has only to observe, that the very great encouragement he has received in his folio edition of the Ericas, joined with the repeated application of many of its subscribers, for a small, concise, and pleasant reference to that beautiful and extensive tribe, has induced him to offer to the amateurs of plants in general, the present Monograph; in which will be given all the known species, and likewise all those successively that may hereafter be introduced; with Latin and English descriptions, dissections, &c. on the same plan as the folio work.

The Author therefore hopes it will be regarded as an agreeable green-house companion, calculated to preserve the folio edition for the use of the library, to which on account of its size it is best adapted.

When one volume is completed, every necessary requisite for binding [Pg 5][Pg 4]will be given.

A SHORT DISSERTATION.

This beautiful and extended tribe of plants, at present so much admired and cultivated in our British Gardens, is but of recent introduction, at least the major part of them, as antecedent to the year 1772 the few species then known were the E. vulgaris, E. Tetralix, E. cinerea, and E. vagans, natives; the E. Dabœcii, from Ireland; the E. arborea from Madeira in 1748; the E. herbacea or carnea in 1763 from Switzerland; the E. mediterranea in 1765 from Minorca; the E. scoparia, E. viridi-purpurea, E. australis, E. ciliaris, and E. umbellata, from Portugal, between the years 1768 and 1707. The two other European species we possess, the E. stricta, and E. multiflora, natives of Spain, have been but 14 years in cultivation with us; and the African species found within the district of the Cape of Good Hope and the adjacent territory, which have swelled the Genus to so great an extent, and by the extreme brilliance of their flowers have contributed so much to the present splendour of our green-houses, were unknown to our English botanists, but by name, till the above æra. In the year 1772 seeds of two species were sent from the Cape.—Both vegetated. The first was the E. tubiflora of the Sp. Plant. of Linnæus, the other the E. concinna. In 1774 the superb collection at Kew was enriched by nearly 20 species sent by Mr. F. Masson, His Majesty’s collector at the Cape, for which we refer to the 2nd vol. of the Catalogue of that garden. From this period, till within these few years, the accession has been so rapid, so many different collectors producing new species, that it would be only a list of names to enumerate them, and no way illustrate the present sub[Pg 6]ject; nor would it be any way relevant to the subject, to know how many were enumerated by Petiver, Plukenet, Hermann, Oldenland, Ray, &c. &c. as, before Linnæus had by his mode of classification determined the precise limits of the Genus, the confusion that then pervaded all the elder botanists is such, that any comment from them would rather perplex than elucidate. Therefore, beginning with the Systema Naturæ of Linnæus, vol. ii. of 1767, including the European species, he there enumerates but 42; and Dahlgren, in 1770, edited a dissertation (under his inspection) on the Genus, containing a catalogue of 58 names from Bergius, the Mantissa, &c. Thunberg, on his return from Africa, added 13 to the number, all of which were inserted in the Supplementum Plantarum of 1781. From this and some other sources Murray has in his Syst. Veg. of 1784 made a list of 74 names, and Martyn in his edition of Miller’s Dictionary, 1795, enumerates but 84. Willdenow, collating from all the foregoing, &c., has mounted the list to 137 in his Species Plantarum. This is certainly far short of the number at present cultivated in Britain; and from the variety of beautiful new specimens and seeds lately received by G. Hibbert, Esq. from his collector at the Cape, many of which have vegetated and are in high perfection at the Clapham Gardens, we may fairly conjecture that the Genus is by no means bounded by the species we at present possess.[Pg 7]

MODE OF CULTURE.

Very few, if any, of the species, but have been increased by cuttings. The only method we shall therefore treat of is this, and by seeds. The process for making and planting the cuttings is as follows: Let a middle-sized pot be prepared by filling it within three inches of the margin with small broken potsherds, or some such matter, that there may be a constant and ready drain for the water, which it will be necessary to give the cuttings at any time when the earth appears dry. Then, consulting the Index, take a sufficient quantity of sandy loam, sandy peat, or common sand, or a mixture of any of them, finely sifted, to fill the pot up to the margin, and press it lightly with the hand. Thus prepared, it is fit to receive the cuttings. These must be taken about an inch long, or shorter, from the smallest and tenderest shoots, cutting off the leaves two-thirds of the length, close to the shoot. When a few are thus made ready, take a small pointed piece of wood and dibble them into the pot; fixing the lower end of the cutting as firm as possible. When the pot is filled with them at about half an inch distance each way, cover them with a small bell-glass, to fit as near as possible. Then place it under a large hand-glass, or frame, where it must be kept from the stronger rays of the sun till the cuttings are rooted. Soon after the small bell-glass must be[Pg 8] first removed, and in a week they may be exposed to the open air in the shade of a north wall, or, in winter, in the shady part of the green-house, to protect them from the sun and winds till they are removed into separate pots. The seeds of some species which ripen in this country, as well as those procured from the Cape, may be sown about the middle of March, in pots prepared the same way as for the cuttings; with this exception, that the earth be invariably sandy peat finely sifted. The seeds should be very slightly covered, and watered with a pot whose rose or head should only admit the water like a light dew, lest the seeds be all washed together. The smallest pots that can be procured are the best for transplanting. The earth in which most Heaths thrive best is a soft, loose, sandy peat.[Pg 9]

ERICA.	HEATH.
CLASSIS VIII. ORDO I. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Character Genericus Essentialis. Calyx. Perianthium tetraphyllum. Corolla monopetala, quadrifida. Stamina. Filamenta octo, capillaria, receptaculo inserta. Antheræ apice bifidæ. Pistillum. Germen superum. Stylus filiformis. Stigma coronulatum. Capsula quadrilocularis. Dissepimenta valvularum margine. Semina numerosa, minima. Obs. Antheræ in aliis emarginatæ, in aliis bicornutæ, cristatæ, aristatæ, muticæ, vel penicillatæ; inclusæ vel exsertæ.	CLASS VIII. ORDER I. EIGHT CHIVES. ONE POINTAL. Essential Generic Character. Empalement. Cup four-leaved. Blossom one petal, four-cleft. Chives. Threads eight, hair-like, inserted into the receptacle. Tips two-cleft at the end. Pointal. Seed-bud above. Shaft, thread-shaped. Summit crowned. Capsule four-celled. Partitions from the edge of the valves. Seeds numerous, very small. Obs. The tips in some are notched at the end, in others two-horned, crested, bearded, beardless, or pencilled; within the blossom, or without.

ERICA acuta.

Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ. Flores in apice omnium ramulorum, terni, cernui. Corolla urceolata, purpurea, nitida. Folia quaterna, subulata, mucronata, glabra, erecta. Caulis erectus, pedalis, gracilis. Rami pauci; ramuli numerosi, brevi, erecti.

Tips crested, within the blossom. Flowers grow by threes at the ends of all the small branches, nodding. Blossom pitcher-shaped, purple, and shining. Leaves by fours, awl-shaped, sharp-pointed, smooth, and upright. Stem upright, a foot high, slender. Branches few; the small branches numerous, short, and upright.

1. A leaf magnified.
2. The empalement magnified.
3. A blossom.
4. The chives and pointal, one tip magnified.
5. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 13]

ERICA albens.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ. Flores in axillis foliorum, solitarii, cernui. Corolla ventricosa, ore arctata, sub-albicans. Folia terna, trigona, linearia, acuta, glabra. Caulis fruticosus, pedalis, erectus, ramosus, gracilis. Rami simplices.

Tips beardless, within the blossom. The flowers grow from the base of the foot-stalks of the leaves, singly, and are bent downwards. Blossom swelled at the base, straightened at the mouth, and whitish. Leaves by threes, which are three-sided, linear, sharp-pointed, and smooth. Stem shrubby, a foot high, upright, branching and slender. Branches simple.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives and pointal, one tip magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 17]

ERICA Archeria.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ, stylo exserto. Corolla tubuloso-clavata, pollicaris, villosa, rubro-purpurea, viscosa. Folia sena, linearia, rigida, patentia, margine serrato-ciliata. Caulis fruticosus, erectus, sesquipedalis. Rami erecti, simplices.

Tips beardless, within the blossom, shaft without. Blossoms tubularly club-shaped, an inch long, hairy, of a red purple colour, and clammy. Leaves by sixes, linear, harsh, spreading, and sawed like a fringe at the margin. Stem shrubby, upright, a foot and a half high. Branches upright and simple.

1. The empalement.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 21]

ERICA barbata, major.

Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ. Flores in ultimis ramulis terminales, umbellati, cernui. Pedunculi longi, pilosi. Corolla urceolata, alba, pilosa, viscosa. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis spathulatis, barbatis, glanduloso-pilosis. Folia quaterna, ciliata, barbata, ovata. Caulis fruticosus, pedalis. Ramuli villosiusculi.

Tips crested, within the blossom. Flowers terminate the small branches in umbels, nodding. The peduncles are long and hairy. Blossom pitcher-shaped, white, hairy and viscous. Cup four-leaved: leaflets spathula-shaped, bearded and glandularly hairy. Leaves by fours, fringed, bearded, and oval. Stem shrubby, a foot high. The smaller branches a little hairy.

1. A leaf magnified.
2. The empalement magnified.
3. The chives detached, one tip magnified.
4. The pointal magnified.
[Pg 25]

ERICA barbata minor.

Antheræ cristatæ, subexsertæ. Flores terminales, umbellati, cernui. Corolla urceolata, alba, pilosa, viscosa, calyce spathulato, glanduloso-piloso. Pedanculi colorati. Folia quaterna, barbata, ovata, patentia. Caulis fruticosus, bipedalis. Rami filiformes, laxi, patentes.

Tips crested, just without the blossom. Flowers terminate the branches in umbels, nodding. Blossom pitcher-shaped, white, hairy and viscous, with the cup spathula-shaped, and glandularly hairy. Footstalks coloured. Leaves by fours, bearded, ovate and spreading. Stem shrubby, two feet high. Branches thread-shaped, limber and spreading.

1. The under side of a leaf magnified.
2. The empalement magnified.
3. The chives detached, one tip magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 29]

ERICA Bruinades.

Antheræ muticæ, exsertæ. Flores urceolati, pubescentes, albi, in toto tecti calyce lanato; calycis foliolis ovatis, carneis. Folia terna, linearia, obtusa, margine pilis longis hirta. Caulis filiformis, flexuosus. Ramuli capillares, frequentes, tomentosi.

Tips beardless, without the blossom. Flowers pitcher-shaped, downy and white, and covered totally by a woolly cup; the leaflets of the cup are egg-shaped, and flesh-coloured. Leaves by threes, linear and blunt, the edges covered with long hairs. Stem thread-shaped, very flexible. The smaller branches hair-like, numerous and downy.

1. The empalement.
2. The blossom.
3. The chives detached from the pointal, one tip magnified.
4. The seed-bud and pointal magnified.
[Pg 33]

ERICA caffra.

Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ, stylo exserto. Corolla campanulata, minuta, cernua, odoratissima, alba. Caulis fruticosus, pedalis. Rami erecti. Folia quaterna, linearia, obtusa, sub-ciliata, patentia.

Tips bearded, within the blossom, shaft without. Blossoms bell-shaped, small, nodding, sweet-scented, and white. Stem shrubby, grows a foot high. The branches are upright. Leaves by fours, linear, obtuse, a little hairy, and spreading.

1. A leaf magnified.
2. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
3. The chives and pointal magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 37]

ERICA calycina.

Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ. Flores plures, in ultimis ramulis terminales, umbellati. Calyx tetraphyllus, foliolis lato-ovatis, carneis, corolla longiora, pedunculis longissimis. Corolla minuta, urceoliformis, apice dilute carnea, ad basin virescens; oris laciniis reflexis, saturate carneis. Folia terna, lanceolata, supra concava, adpressa, glabra. Caulis filiformis, spithameus, erectus.

Tips crested, within the blossom. Flowers numerous, terminating the small branches in bunches. Cup four-leaved, of a broad oval form, flesh-coloured, and longer than the blossom. The foot-stalks very long. Blossom small, of a pitcher-shape, light flesh-colour at the end, and greenish at the base. The segments of the mouth are bent back, and deep flesh-coloured. Leaves by threes, lance-shaped, concave on the upper surface, pressed to the stem, and smooth. Stem thread-shaped, half a foot high, and upright.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The blossom.
3. The chives detached from the pointal, one tip magnified.
4. The seed-bud and pointal; summit magnified.
[Pg 41]

ERICA cernua.

Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ. Flores umbellati, cernui, secundi, subovati, carnei; laciniis limbi acuminatis, sub-erectis. Folia quaterna, linearia, obtusa; petiolis brevissimis. Caulis fruticosus, erectus, pedalis. Rami sub-simplices, erecto-patentes.

Tips crested, within the blossom. The flowers grow in bunches, nodding, all pointing one way; nearly egg-shaped, of a pale flesh colour; the segments of the border tapered, and nearly upright. Leaves grow by fours, are linear and blunt, having very short footstalks. Stem shrubby, upright, a foot high. The branches are almost simple, upright, and spreading.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives detached from the pointal, one tip magnified.
3. The seed-bud and pointal magnified.
[Pg 45]

ERICA comosa.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ. Flores in ramulis terminales, quasi spicam comosam densam formantes. Pedunculi brevissimi. Corolla ventricosa, alba, basi inflata, apice arctata. Folia quaterna, obtusa, patentia, parva, glabra. Caulis fruticosus, subpedalis, ramosus. Rami virgati, penduli.

Tips beardless, within the blossom. Flowers terminate the small branches, forming as it were a thick tufted spike. Footstalks very short. Blossom bellied, white, swelled at the base, and narrowed at the mouth. Leaves by fours, blunt, spreading, small, and smooth. Stem shrubby, near a foot high, and branching. The branches are twiggy, and hang down.

1. The empalement magnified.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 49]

ERICA comosa, rubra.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ. Flores in ramulis terminales. Pedunculi brevissimi. Corolla ventricosa, carnea, basi inflata, apice arctata. Folia quaterna, obtusa, parva, glabra. Caulis fruticosus, pedalis, ramosus. Rami erecti, virgati, numerosi.

Tips beardless, within the blossom. Flowers terminate the small branches. Foot-stalks very short. Blossom bellied, flesh-coloured, swelled at the base, and narrowed at the mouth. Leaves by fours, blunt, small, and smooth. Stem shrubby, a foot high, branching. The branches are numerous, upright, and twiggy.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. A chive magnified.
4. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 53]

ERICA conspicua.

Antheræ basi bicornes, exsertæ. Corolla clavata, sesquipollicaris, lutea, basi attenuata; oris laciniis magnis, revolutis. Folia quaterna, obtusa, linearia, crassa. Flores subterni. Caulis fruticosus, erectus, tripedalis, ramosus.

Tips two-horned at their base, and without the blossom. The blossoms are club-shaped, an inch and a half long, yellow, and tapering to the base: the segments of the mouth are large, and rolled back. Leaves grow by fours, are blunt, linear, and thick. Flowers grow mostly by threes. Stem shrubby, upright, grows three feet high, and branching.

1. The empalement with its three floral leaves.
2. The chives detached from the pointal, one tip magnified.
3. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 57]

ERICA costata.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ, stylo exserto. Corolla sub-cylindracea, incarnata, costata, oris laciniis erectis albidis. Folia caulina terna, linearia, obtusa, pubescentia; folia ramentacea erectiora, subserrata. Caulis fruticosus, bipedalis, erectus, ramosus. Ramuli frequentissimi.

Tips beardless, and within the blossom; pointal without. Blossoms nearly cylindrical, of a flesh colour, and ribbed; the segments of the mouth upright and white. The leaves of the stem grow by threes, linear, blunt, and downy; those on the smaller branches more upright, and a little sawed at the edges. Stem shrubby, two feet high, upright and branching. The smaller branches numerous.

1. The empalement.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. A chive magnified.
4. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 61]

ERICA cubica.

Antheræ basi bicornutæ, sub-inclusæ. Flores subterminales, cernui; pedunculis longissimis. Corolla globoso-campanulata, purpurea; limbo maximo, expanso. Folia quaterna, sæpe quina; nitida, obtusa, reflexa, apice incurvata. Caulis erectus, fruticosus, pedalis. Rami et ramuli filiformes.

Tips two-horned at the base, nearly within the blossom. Flowers near the summits of the branches, hanging down; with very long foot-stalks. Blossom globularly bell-shaped and purple; the border very large and spreading. Leaves by fours, and often fives; shining, blunt, bent back, and turned inward at the point. Stem upright, shrubby, a foot high. The larger and smaller branches thread-shaped.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives and pointal, one tip magnified.
3. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 65]

ERICA cubica, minor.

Antheræ muticæ, sub-inclusæ. Flores sub-terminales, umbellati; pedunculis longissimis. Corolla sub-campanulata, purpurea; limbo maximo. Folia quaterna, obtusa, linearia, nitida. Caulis erectus, ramosus, palmaris. Rami et ramuli verticillati.

Tips beardless, just within the blossom. Flowers near the ends of the branches in umbels. Foot-stalks very long. Blossom nearly bell-shaped, and purple; border very large. Leaves by fours, blunt, linear, and shining. Stem upright, branching, a span high. The larger and smaller branches grow in whorls.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. The same magnified.
[Pg 69]

ERICA curviflora.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ. Corolla curvata, clavato-cylindracea, pubescens, terminalis, luteo-aurantia. Folia quaterna, linearia, glabra. Caulis fruticosus, bipedalis, laxus, superne villosus. Rami laxi, numerosi; ramulis brevissimis, frequentissimis, sparsis.

Tips beardless, within the blossom, which is curved, cylindrically club-shaped, downy, terminating the branches, and of a yellow gold colour. The leaves grow by fours, are linear and smooth. Stem shrubby, grows two feet high, weak, and hairy at the top. Branches weak, and numerous; the smaller branches are very short, numerous, and scattered.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives detached from the pointal, summit magnified.
3. Seed-bud and shaft, summit magnified.
[Pg 73]

ERICA depressa.

Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ. Flores in ramulis terminales, subterni, sub-sessiles; bracteis adpressis, imbricatis. Corolla sub-cylindrica, sub-pollicaris, flava. Folia quaterna, crassiuscula, obtusa. Caulis fruticosus, robustus. Rami divaricati, flexuosi, depressi.

Tips bearded, within the blossom. Flowers terminate the small branches, in general sitting close to the stem. Floral leaves tiled, and pressed to the cup. Blossom almost cylindrical, near an inch long, and yellow. Leaves by fours, thickish and blunt. Stem shrubby and stout. The branches are straggling, zigzag, and pressed downwards.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives detached from the pointal, one tip magnified.
3. The seed-bud and pointal magnified.
[Pg 77]

ERICA droseroides.

Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ. Corolla ventricosa, læte purpurea, costata, viscosa, pubescens; ore obliqua, arctata, profunde sanguinea; pedunculi longissimi. Folia alterna, sparsa, obtusa, apice reflexa, pilis glandulosis micantibus hirta. Caulis erectus, spithamæus. Rami filiformes, sparsi, erecto-patentes, virgati.

Tips crested, within the blossom, which is bellied, bright purple, ribbed, clammy, and downy; with the mouth oblique, narrowed, and of a deep blood colour; foot-stalks very long. Leaves alternate, scattered and blunt, the end reflexed, and thick with shining glandular hairs. Stem upright, a span high. Branches thread-shaped, scattered, upright, spreading, and twiggy.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives detached from the pointal, one tip magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 82][Pg 81]

ERICA empetroides.

Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ, stylo exserto. Flores in medio ramorum densissimè spicati, horizontaliter siti. Pedunculi brevissimi. Corolla urceolata, carnea, odorata. Folia sena, linearia, villosa, obtusa, horizontalia. Caulis debilis, pedalis. Rami filiformes, laxi.

Tips crested, within the blossom, shaft without. Flowers in close spikes in the centre of the branches, standing out horizontally, with very short footstalks. Blossom pitcher-shaped, flesh-coloured, and sweet-scented. Leaves by sixes, linear, hairy, blunt and horizontal. Stem weak, a foot high. The branches are thread-shaped and loose.

1. A leaf magnified.
2. Empalement and blossom.
3. Empalement magnified.
4. The chives and pointal.
5. A chive magnified.
6. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
7. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 86]

ERICA exsurgens.

Antheræ muticæ, exsertæ. Corolla clavato-cylindracea, pollicaris, aurantia. Flores verticillati; verticillis alter altero exsurgentibus. Folia quaterna, linearia, glabra, apice reflexo, mucronato. Caulis fruticosus, pedalis et ultra, erectus. Rami verticillati.

Tips beardless, without the blossom. Blossoms cylindrically club-shaped, an inch long, and orange-coloured; grow in whorls, the whorls rising out of each other in succession. Leaves grow by fours, are linear, smooth, and bent downward at the point, which is sharp. Stem shrubby, rather more than a foot high, upright. The branches grow in whorls.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives detached from the pointal.
3. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 90]

ERICA exsurgens, minor.

Antheræ muticæ, sub-exertæ. Flores in medio ramorum verticillati, recti, verticilli alter alteri exsurgentes. Corolla clavato-cylindrica, saturate aurantia, semi-uncialis. Folia sena, linearia, glabra, apice mucronata. Caulis fruticosus, pedalis. Rami erecti, simplices.

Tips beardless, just without the blossom. Flowers grow in whorls near the middle of the branches, straight out; the whorls rise out of each other in succession. Blossom cylindrically club-shaped, of a deep orange-colour, half an inch long. Leaves by sixes, linear, smooth, and sharp at the point. Stem shrubby, a foot high. The branches are upright and simple.

1. The empalement and blossom.
2. Flower of a yellow variety.
3. The chives spread open, one tip magnified.
4. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
5. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 94]

ERICA filamentosa.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ. Flores axillares sub apice ramorum, verticillati, numerosi. Pedunculi longissimi. Corolla tubuloso-campanulata, purpurea. Folia sena, tremulantia, linearia, tenuia. Caulis erectus, sesquipedalis. Rami simplices, verticillati.

Tips beardless, within the blossom. Flowers grow from the insertion of the leaves near the ends of the branches in whorls, and numerous. The footstalks very long. Blossom tubularly bell-shaped and purple. Leaves by sixes, tremulous, linear and slender. Stem upright, a foot and a half high. Branches simple and in whorls.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives detached, one tip magnified.
3. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 98]

ERICA flammea.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ. Flores in ramulis terminales, racemum formantes prope caulis summitatem. Corolla tubiformis, sub-pollicaris, pallide lutea; apice sub-albidâ. Folia terna, sæpe quaterna, obtusa, linearia. Caulis erectus, bipedalis. Ramuli filiformes, virgati.

Tips beardless, within the blossom. Flowers terminating the small branches, making a long spike near the summit of the stem. Blossom trumpet-shaped, near an inch long, of a pale yellow; the end whitish. Leaves by threes, often in fours, blunt, and linear. Stem upright, two feet high. Branches thread-shaped, and twiggy.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives and pointal, one tip magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 102]

ERICA gelida.

Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ. Floras in ultimis ramis axillares, spicati, imbricati, dependentes. Corolla cylindrica, apice arctata, pollicaris, albicante-virescens, apice atro-virens. Folia ramulorum, subquaterna; ramorum sena, curvata, acuta, patentia. Caulis strictissimus, fruticosus, tripedalis. Rami pauci. Ramuli verticillati.

Tips bearded, within the blossom. Flowers grow near the top of the branches, close to the stem, in spikes, imbricated hanging down. Blossom cylindrical, narrowed at the top, an inch long, of a whitish green, and dark green at the end. Leaves on the small branches mostly by fours; those on the larger by sixes, curved, pointed, and spreading. Stem very upright, shrubby, three feet high. Few large branches. The small branches grow in whorls.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives detached, one tip magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 106]

ERICA glauca.

Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ. Flores terminales, umbellati, nutantes. Pedunculi longissimi, colorati. Corolla sub-conica, atro-purpurea, ore arctata. Folia terna, acuta, patentia, glabra, carnosa, glauca. Caulis erectus, fragilis, bipedalis. Rami erecti, longi, sub-simplices.

Tips crested, within the blossom. Flowers terminate the branches in bunches, nodding. The footstalks are very long, and coloured. Blossom nearly conical, dark purple, and narrowed at the mouth. Leaves by threes, linear-pointed, and spreading, smooth, fleshy, and of a sea-green colour. Stem upright, brittle, two feet high. The branches are upright and long, with few small branches.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives detached from the pointal.
3. A chive magnified.
4. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 110]

ERICA ignescens.

Antheræ muticæ, sub-exsertæ. Flores terminales, solitarii; pedunculis fere nullis. Corolla clavata, tomentosa, ad basin gibbosa, rubro-coccinea. Folia quaterna, linearia, glabra. Caulis erectus, sesquipedalis. Ramuli virgati, filiformes, numerosi.

Tips beardless, within the blossom. Flowers terminal, solitary; scarcely any foot-stalks. Blossom club-shaped, downy, gouty at the base, and of a red-scarlet colour. Leaves by fours, linear, and smooth. Stem upright, a foot and a half high. The branches are twiggy, thread-shaped, and numerous.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives and pointal, one tip magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 114]

ERICA jasminiflora.

Antheræ basi bicornes, inclusæ; stylo exserto. Corolla viscosa, ampullacea, sesquipollicaris, summa cylindracea, ad basin inflata, ore arctata; laciniis cordatis, patentibus. Folia terna, trigona, subulata, erecta, patentia. Caulis filiformis, erectus. Rami simplicissimi, filiformes, longi, patentes.

Tips two-horned at the base, and within the blossom; the shaft without. Blossoms clammy, flask-shaped, an inch and a half long, the upper part cylindrical, swelled at the base, and pinched in at the mouth; the segments heart-shaped and spreading. Leaves grow by threes, are three-sided, awl-shaped, upright and spreading. Stem thread-shaped and upright. The branches are quite simple, thread-shaped, long, and spreading.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives detached from the pointal, one tip magnified.
3. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 118]

ERICA leucanthera.

Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ. Flores in ramulis terminales, conferti, racemosi. Pedunculi breves. Corolla urceolata, alba. Folia terna, trigona, glabra, obtusa, adpressa. Caulis fruticosus, pedalis. Rami et ramuli filiformes.

Tips crested, within the blossom. Flowers terminate the small branches, clustered together, and forming long bunches. Footstalks short. Blossom pitcher-shaped and white. Leaves by threes, three-sided, smooth, blunt, and pressed to the stem. Stem shrubby, a foot high. The larger and smaller branches are thread-shaped.

1. A blossom with its empalement.
2. The empalement magnified.
3. The chives and pointal magnified.
[Pg 122]

ERICA lutea.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ. Corolla lutea, ovato-acuminata, ore arctata. Flores plures, conglomerati. Folia opposita, linearia, adpressa, triquetra, nitida. Caulis laxus, filiformis, gracilis, ad basin ramosus. Ramuli conferti.

Tips beardless, within the blossom, which is yellow, of a pointed oval shape, and compressed at the mouth. The flowers are numerous, and close together. The leaves grow opposite in pairs, are linear, three-sided, pressed to the stem, and shining. Stem flexible, thread-shaped, slender, branching to the bottom. The branches crowded together.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives detached from the pointal, one tip magnified.
3. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 126]

ERICA Melastoma.

Antheræ muticæ, penicillatæ, exsertæ, longitudine corollæ, attenuatæ in filamenta plana. Flores flavi, conici, parum curvati, laciniis longissimis adpressis, nigris. Folia quaterna, linearia, sub-scabrida, rigida. Caulis laxus, erectus, bipedalis. Ramuli brevissimi, foliosi.

Tips beardless, pencil-like, and without the blossom, tapering into threads, which are flat. Flowers yellow, conical, slightly curved, the segments of the border very long, pressed to the chives, and black. Leaves by fours, linear, roughish, and stiff. Stem weak, upright, grows two feet high. The small branches very short, and covered with leaves.

1. The empalement.
2. A flower divested of its empalement.
3. The chives detached from the pointal.
4. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 130]

ERICA nigrita.

Antheræ muticæ, exertæ, atræ. Flores in apicibus ramulorum terminales, sub-terni. Corolla campanulata, albida; laciniis oris revolutis, et tubo majoribus. Folia terna, glabra, nitida, sub-triquetra, obtusa, crassa. Caulis fruticosus, erectus, pedalis. Rami et ramuli frequentissimi, sub-erecti, virgati.

Tips beardless, without the blossom, and black. Flowers grow from the ends of the small branches, mostly by threes. Blossom bell-shaped and white; the segments of the mouth are rolled back, and larger than the tube. Leaves by threes, smooth, shining, nearly three-sided, blunt, and thick. Stem shrubby, upright, a foot high. The larger and smaller branches are numerous, nearly upright, and twiggy.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives spread open, one tip magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal magnified.
[Pg 134]

ERICA obbata.

Antheræ basi bicornes, inclusæ. Flores terminales, quaterni, erecti, inflati ore arctati, leviter striati, nitidi. Limbus maximus, glandulæ octo fauci circumpositæ. Folia quaterna, reflexa, rigida, ciliata. Caulis fruticosus, pedalis, ramosus.

Tips two-horned at the base, within the blossom. Flowers grow by fours at the ends of the branches, upright, swelled out and contracted at the mouth, slightly striped and shining. Border very large, with eight glands surrounding the mouth. Leaves by fours, reflexed, harsh, and fringed. Stem shrubby, a foot high and branching.

1. The empalement.
2. A segment of the border magnified.
3. The chives, one tip magnified.
4. The pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 138]

ERICA obliqua.

Antheræ ad basin bicornutæ, inclusæ. Flores numerosi, ovati, purpurei, ad apices ramorum umbellati; pedunculis flore triplo longioribus, coloratis, viscidis. Folia sparsa, obliqua, truncata; petiolis tenuissimis. Caulis fruticosus, pedalis. Rami simplices, longi, filiformes.

Tips two-horned at the base, and within the blossom. Flowers numerous, egg-shaped, purple, growing in umbels at the ends of the branches. Foot-stalks thrice the length of the flowers, coloured and clammy. Leaves obliquely scattered, seeming cut off at the ends, and with very slender foot-stalks. Stem shrubby, a foot high. The branches simple, long, and thread-shaped.

1. The empalement magnified.
2. The seed-bud, chives and pointal.
3. A chive magnified.
4. The seed-bud and pointal magnified.
[Pg 142]

ERICA physodes.

Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ. Corolla ovata, inflata, glabra, viscosa, crystallina, alba, magnitudine pisi; laciniis acuminatis erectis. Folia quaterna, obtusa, margine glandulosa, viscosa, patentia. Caulis fruticosus, bipedalis, erectus, ramulosus.

Tips crested, within the blossoms, which are egg-shaped, swelled out, smooth, clammy, like crystal, and white, the size of a pea; segments of the border tapering and upright. Leaves by fours, are blunt, the edges glandular, clammy, and spreading. Stem shrubby, grows two feet high, is upright, and has numerous little branches.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. A chive magnified.
4. The seed-bud and pointal magnified.
[Pg 146]

ERICA pinea.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ. Corolla tubuloso-clavata, sub-albida. Flores in medio ramorum verticillati, horizontales, pollicares. Folia sena, linearia, glabra, patentia, longissima. Caulis erectus, bipedalis, robustus. Rami verticillati, erecto-patentes.

Tips beardless, within the blossom, which is tubularly club-shaped, and nearly white. Flowers grow in whorls about the middle of the branches, horizontal, an inch in length. Leaves by sixes, linear, smooth, spreading outward, very long. Stem upright, two feet high, very stout. Branches in whorls, spreading, upright.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives detached from the pointal, a tip magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 150]

ERICA plumosa.

Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ. Flores axillares, verticillati, sub-solitarii, cernui. Corolla urceolata, glabra, purpurea. Folia quaterna, obtusa, villosa, patentia, linearia. Caulis fruticosus, flexuosus, pedalis. Rami et ramuli filiformes.

Tips bearded, within the blossom. Flowers grow from the insertion of the leaves, whorled, mostly solitary, and nodding. Blossom pitcher-shaped, smooth, and purple. Leaves by fours, blunt, hairy, linear, and spreading. Stem shrubby, and taking various directions, a foot high. The large and small branches are thread-shaped.

1. A leaf magnified.
2. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
3. The chives and pointal, one tip magnified.
4. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
5. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 154]

ERICA pubescens.

Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ. Flores in ramulis terminales, umbellati, bini, terni, vel plures, copiosi. Corolla ovata, obtusa, villosa, purpurea. Folia quaterna, obtusa, villosa, incurva, arcuata. Caulis fruticosus, sesquipedalis, ramosus, pilosus. Ramuli pilosi, filiformes, virgati.

Tips bearded, within the blossom. Flowers terminate the branches in umbels of two, three, or more, and are very abundant. Blossom egg-shaped, blunt, covered with soft hairs, and purple. Leaves by fours, blunt, hairy, turned inwards, and bowed. Stem shrubby, a foot and half high, branching, and hairy. The branches are hairy, thread-shaped, and twiggy.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives and pointal, one tip magnified.
3. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 158]

ERICA pubescens, minor.

Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ. Flores in ramulis terminales, umbellati, numerosi. Corolla ovata, obtusa, villosa; laciniis minutis, erectis. Folia quaterna, obtusa, hirta, erecta. Caulis sesquipedalis, ramosus, pilosus. Rami et ramuli pilosi, virgati, erecti.

Tips bearded, within the blossom. Flowers terminate the small branches in numerous umbels. Blossom egg-shaped, obtuse, covered with soft hairs; segments of the border very small and upright. Leaves by fours, blunt, hairy and upright. Stem a foot and a half high, branching and hairy. The large and small branches are hairy, twiggy, and upright.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. A chive magnified.
4. Seed-bud and pointal magnified.
[Pg 162]

ERICA pubescens, minima.

Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ. Flores in ultimis ramulis terminales, umbellati, cernui. Corolla minuta, urceolata, purpurea, villosa. Folia quaterna, obtusa, villosa, incurva, arcuata. Caulis fruticosus, pedalis, ramosus, pilosus. Ramuli pilosi, virgati, filiformes.

Tips bearded, within the blossom. Flowers terminate the small branches in umbels, nodding. Blossom very small, pitcher-shaped, purple, and hairy. Leaves by fours, blunt, covered with soft hairs, turned inwards, and bowed. Stem shrubby, a foot high, branching, and hairy. The branches are hairy, twiggy, and thread-shaped.

1. The empalement magnified.
2. A blossom magnified.
3. The chives and pointal magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 166]

ERICA pulchella.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ. Flores in summis ramulorum, paniculati, axillares, sub-globosi, incarnati. Folia terna, glabra, obtusa, trigona, sexfariam, sub-erecta; petiolis brevissimis. Caulis flexuosus, pedalis, glaber. Rami flexuosi, sub-simplices, filiformes, longi.

Tips beardless, within the blossom. Flowers grow in loose spikes, near the ends of the branches, from the base of the leaves, are nearly globular, and flesh-coloured. Leaves by threes, smooth, blunt, three-sided, forming six edges, and almost upright; with very short foot-stalks. Stem grows zigzag, a foot high, and smooth. Branches like the stem, grow nearly simple, thread-shaped, and long.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. A chive magnified.
4. The seed-bud and pointal magnified.
[Pg 170]

ERICA quadriflora.

Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ, stylo incluso. Corolla globosa, purpurea, cernua, glabra. Flores ramulorum quaterni, calyce reflexo. Folia quaterna, linearia, ciliata, flaccida. Caulis debilis, sesquipedalis. Rami plurimi, virgati.

Tips crested, within the blossom, shaft included. Flowers globular, purple, nodding, and smooth. Flowers grow by fours, at the ends of the small branches. Cup reflexed. Leaves by fours, linear, fringed and flaccid. Stem weak, a foot and a half high. Branches numerous and twiggy.

1. The empalement magnified.
2. The chives and pointal, summit magnified.
3. A chive magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 174]

ERICA radiata.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ, stylo exserto. Flores in ramulorum apice verticillati, horizontaliter siti. Corolla sub-cylindracea, oris laciniis revolutis. Folia quaterna, linearia, patentia. Caulis fruticosus, erectus, subpedalis, ramosus. Rami sub-simplices.

Tips beardless, within the blossom, shaft without. Flowers grow in whorls at the ends of the small branches, standing horizontally. Blossoms almost cylinder-shaped, the segments of the mouth rolled back. Leaves by fours, linear and spreading. Stem shrubby, upright, near a foot high, and branching. The branches nearly simple.

1. The empalement.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 178]

ERICA rubens.

Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ. Flores terminales, in umbellis nutantibus vel cernuis 3-8-floris. Pedunculi longiusculi. Corolla late ovata, rubro-purpurea. Folia quaterna, erecta, linearia, glabra. Caulis fruticosus, sub-erectus, ramis patentibus, vel subinde pendulis.

Tips crested, within the blossom. Flowers terminal, in nodding or cernuous umbels of from 3 to 8 flowers. The peduncles longish. Blossom broad egg-shaped, and of a red purple. Leaves by fours, upright, linear, smooth. Stem shrubby, nearly upright. Branches spreading, or sometimes nodding.

1. The empalement magnified.
2. The chives and pointal, one tip magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 182]

ERICA serratifolia.

Antheræ muticæ, sub-exsertæ. Flores terminales, in apicibus ramulorum bini vel terni, pollicares, sub-cylindrici, luteo aurantii. Folia quaterna, rigida, acuta, serrata. Caulis erectus, rigidus, pedalis, ramosus. Ramuli frequentissimi, breves.

Tips beardless, just out of the blossom. Flowers terminal, two or three together at the end of the smaller branches, an inch long, almost cylindrical, and of an orange yellow. Leaves by fours, harsh, sharp, and sawed at the edges. Stem upright, harsh, a foot high and much branched. The smaller branches are numerous and short.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The chives detached from the pointal, summit magnified.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 186]

ERICA spicata.

Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ. Flores plures, sub-terminales, arcte stipati in spicam duram, ima parte luteoli, summa virescentes, teretiusculi, basi attenuati; ore obtuso, quadrifido, æquali, connivente. Perianthium persistens. Folia subsena, mucronata, patentia. Caulis fruticosus, pedalis, erectus; ramis pluribus adscendentibus.

TIPS bearded, within the blossom. Flowers numerous, nearly at the ends of the branches, in hard close set spikes, the lower part light yellow, and the extremity of a light green; somewhat cylindrical, with a tapered base; the mouth blunt, and divided into a four-cleft equal border; the segments tend to each other. Cup permanent. Leaves mostly by sixes, sharp-pointed, and spreading. Stem shrubby, a foot high, upright, with numerous ascending branches.

1. The empalement and blossom.
2. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
3. The chives detached from the pointal, one tip magnified.
4. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 190]

ERICA tubiflora.

Antheræ muticæ, sub-inclusæ. Flores sub-solitarii, sessiles, terminales, clavato-cylindracei, curvati, pubescentes. Folia quaterna, tenuia, obtusa, ciliata, subtus sulcata. Caulis flexibilis, erectus. Rami sparsi, filiformes, frequentes, villosi.

Tips beardless, just within the blossom. Flowers grow singly, sessile, at the ends of the branches; between club and cylinder-shaped, curved, downy. Leaves by fours, thin, blunt, fringed with hair at the edges, and furrowed beneath. Stem flexible, upright. Branches scattered, thread-shaped, numerous, hairy.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives detached from the pointal, one tip magnified.
3. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
[Pg 194]

ERICA versicolor.

Antheræ muticæ, subinclusæ. Corolla sub-cylindracea, medio paululum arctata, ima parte aurantia, apice virescens. Folia terna, linearia, subulata, subtus sulcata, glabra, saturate viridia. Caulis fruticosus, bipedalis, erectus, attenuatus in apicem. Rami sub-simplices.

Tips beardless, just within the blossom, which is nearly cylindrical, a little narrowed at the middle, the lower part of a deep orange colour, and the mouth greenish. Leaves by threes, linear, awl-shaped, furrowed on the under surface, smooth, and of a deep green. Stem shrubby, two feet high, erect, tapering to the top. The branches nearly simple.

1. The empalement magnified.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. A chive magnified.
4. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 198]

ERICA verticillata.

Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ. Flores in apicibus ramorum, verticillati, nutantes, conferti, ventricoso-cylindrici, pollicares, ad basin tetragoni, profunde costati, ore arctato, saturate aurantio. Folia quaterna, glabra, linearia, acuta. Caulis erectus, bipedalis. Rami verticillati.

Tips bearded, within the blossom. Flowers grow in whorls at the upper part of the branches, hanging downwards and close together, of a swelled cylinder-shape, an inch long, four-cornered at the base and deeply ribbed. The mouth is narrowed, and of a deep orange colour. Leaves by fours, smooth, linear, and sharp. Stem upright, two feet high. The branches grow in whorls.

1. The empalement and floral leaves.
2. The chives detached from the pointal.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 202]

ERICA viscaria.

Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ. Corolla campanulata, valde mucosa, purpurascens. Folia quaterna, linearia, acuta, glabra; juniora in apicibus ramulorum viscosa. Caulis fruticosus, bipedalis, erectus. Rami simplices, longi, superne viscosi.

Tips beardless, within the blossoms, which are bell-shaped, very clammy, and purple. Leaves grow by fours, are linear, pointed, and smooth: the younger ones are clammy at the ends of the branches. Stem shrubby, two feet high, and upright. Branches simple, long, and clammy at the ends.

1. The empalement and floral leaves magnified.
2. The blossom.
3. The chives and pointal.
4. A chive magnified.
5. The seed-bud and pointal, summit magnified.
[Pg 206]

ERICA Walkeria.

Antheræ muticæ, sub-inclusæ. Flores sessiles, erecti, fastigiati, quaterni, terminales, fere pedunculati. Corolla ventricosa, pellucida, ore arctato, extus pallide sanguineo, intus albo, laciniis expansis maximis. Folia quaterna, nitida, patentia. Caulis fruticosus, spithameus, erectus, ramulis numerosis.

Tips beardless, within the blossom. Flowers sit close in upright bunches by fours, terminal, with scarcely any footstalks. Blossom swelled out and pellucid; the mouth narrowed, of a pale red without and white within; the segments spreading and large. Leaves by fours, shining, and spreading. Stem shrubby, a span high, upright, with numerous little branches.

1. The empalement magnified.
2. A blossom.
3. The chives and pointal, one tip magnified.
4. Seed-bud and pointal magnified.
[Pg 210]

ALPHABETICAL INDEX

TO THE

FIGURES IN VOL. I.

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01.	ERICA	acuta.
02.		albens.
03.		Archeria.
04.		barbata, major.
05.		β minor.
06.		Bruinades.
07.		caffra.
08.		calycina.
09.		cernua.
10.		comosa.
11.		β rubra.
12.		conspicua.
13.		costata.
14.		cubica.
15.		α minor.
16.		curviflora.
17.		depressa.
18.		droseroides.
19.		empetroides.
20.		exsurgens.
21.		α minor.
22.		filamentosa.
23.		flammea.
24.		gelida.
25.		glauca.
26.		ignescens.
27.		jasminiflora.
28.		leucanthera.
29.		lutea.
30.		Melastoma.
31.		nigrita.
32.		obbata.
33.		obliqua.
34.		physodes.
35.		pinea.
36.		plumosa.
37.		pubescens.
38.		α minor.
39.		β minima.
40.		pulchella.
41.		quadriflora.
42.		radiata.
43.		rubens.
44.		serratifolia.
45.		spicata.
46.		tubiflora.
47.		versicolor.
48.		verticillata.
49.		viscaria.
50.		Walkeria.

THE HEATHERY; OR A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS ERICA: