Francis Fasuyi’s Post

💥Kinesio taping can be an effective aid in the treatment of iliotibial band syndrome. The iliotibial band is the band of tissue that runs from the outside of the hip to the outside of the knee. The characteristic symptom of this syndrome is pain and inflammation along the iliotibial band. When the patches are applied, the gentle pulling force applied to the skin helps to support and stabilize the muscles and joints, and helps with correct posture and movement patterns. The following effects can be achieved using kinesiotaping in the treatment of iliotibial band syndrome: Pain Relief: Applying the patch can help reduce pain by relieving pressure on the iliotibial band and relieving it. Reduce inflammation: The patch can help reduce inflammation by applying proper pressure and compression to the injured area, which helps normalize blood and lymph circulation. Compression in the treatment of iliotibial band syndrome can help improve blood and lymph circulation in several ways: Compression also supports lymphatic circulation. The lymphatic system is responsible for removing excess fluid and waste from the tissues. A compression bandage or bandage applies gentle pressure to the tissues, which helps the lymphatic movement and facilitates the drainage of the lymphatic fluid. This reduces the risk of swelling and edema. The compression patch or bandage exerts adequate pressure on the vein walls. This helps in the veins in the lower limbs to support the return of blood to the heart. By reducing the pain and inflammation associated with iliotibial band syndrome, the pressure of the patch can help contract the vein walls, which can promote venous return and improve blood circulation in the affected area. Stabilization: The application of kinesiotape supports the muscles and joints, thereby helping to maintain proper posture and movement patterns, which can contribute to reducing the load on the iliotibial band. It is important to note that the effectiveness of compression and patching techniques may vary between individuals and results may vary from individual to individual. In addition to kinesiotaping, other treatment methods such as stretching, strengthening exercises, and physical therapy can help with recovery.

Eagle syndrome (also termed stylohyoid syndrome,styloid syndrome, styloid-stylohyoid syndrome, or styloid–carotid artery syndrome)is an uncommon condition commonly characterized but not limited to sudden, sharp nerve-like pain in the jaw bone and joint, back of the throat, and base of the tongue, triggered by swallowing, moving the jaw, or turning the neck.First described by American otorhinolaryngologist Watt Weems Eagle in 1937,the condition is caused by an elongated or misshapen styloid process (the slender, pointed piece of bone just below the ear) and/or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament, either of which interferes with the functioning of neighboring regions in the body, such as the glossopharyngeal nerve. Possible symptoms include: Sharp, shooting pain in the jaw, back of the throat, base of the tongue, ears, neck, and/or face Difficulty swallowing Sensation of having a foreign object in throat Pain from chewing, swallowing, turning the neck, or touching the back of the throat Ringing or buzzing in the ears Classic Eagle syndrome is present on only one side; however, it may rarely be present on both sides. In vascular Eagle syndrome, the elongated styloid process comes in contact with the internal carotid artery below the skull. In these cases, turning the head can cause compression of the artery or a tear inside the blood vessel, which restricts blood flow and can potentially lead to a transient ischemic attack or stroke. Sometimes, compression of the internal jugular vein can also occur and might lead to increased intracranial pressure.

• Lacertus fibrosus syndrome is described as compression of the median nerve, which takes place beneath a layer of ligamentous tissue (lacertus fibrosus, also known as bicipital aponeurosis) slightly beyond the elbow joint. • A possible explanation for the lacertus fibrosus' dynamic compression over the median nerve is its dynamic biomechanical function in force transmission at the time of lever arm adjustment, supination restraint, and elbow flexion. • Its symptoms are often mistaken for those of carpal tunnel syndrome, which complicates the differential diagnosis and management of the patient. All patients who report tingling, numbness, loss of strength, muscle loss, manual endurance, or dexterity should be investigated and tested for both carpal tunnel syndrome and lacertus syndrome. • Both sexes can develop lacertus fibrosus syndrome, most often after the age of 35. The possible risk factors are repetition of movements, overwork, and manual work while the forearm is pronated. Lacertus fibrosus syndrome presents a distinct diagnostic challenge because it is a somewhat unknown and non-documented disease. • Loss of fine motor skills, loss of key and pinch strength, and clums. People with lacertus fibrosus syndrome report pain when pressed on the nerve at the level of the lacertus fibrosus, weakness in muscles that are innervated by the median nerve distal to the lacertus fibrosus, and a positive scratch collapse test. Paresthesia in the hand with median nerve innervation is uncommon in these patients. • A decrease of power of FPL, FDP2, and FCR as well as tenderness at the medial edge of the lacertus fibrosus over the median nerve will make the diagnosis. Nerve conduction studies are not helpful.

Piriformis syndrome, an infamous and controversial problem. The concept of piriformis syndrome is not difficult to fathom: A tight muscle compressing the nerve that passes beneath it. Not much different than that of more accepted problems such as ulnar or median nerve compressive neuropathies. Then, what is the fuss about? Just like thoracic outlet syndrome, the piriformis syndrome is really a "pelvic outlet" syndrome that is - with all predominance - diagnosed clinically, and through the exclusion of other problems such as radiculopathy and systemic neuropathies. Electrodiagnostic studies are almost always negative (although Fisher et al found that performing EMG in a provocative position would make it positive), MRI and MRN are useless in almost all circumstances. Of course, with the important caveat that it is used to exclude other causes of symptoms, like radiculopathy or plexus offending masses. Further: Piriformis syndrome, though conventionally regarded as a sciatic nerve offender, is really a problem that affects the sacral plexus. Middle cluneal neuralgia, for example, is an incredibly common piriformis syndrome symptom. Pudendal coaffection is also common. In grave cases, weakness of the leg (esp. ankle, calf) or sphincter can be seen, but this is rare. Mild weakness of the toe flexors (S1), hamstring (S2) or foot eversion (L5S1), however, is more common. If you suspect that you have piriformis syndrome, don't waste your time on pursuing tests to diagnose it. By all means, do tests to exclude other issues that have overlapping or similar symptoms. But if you've already done that, find a clinician that knows the signs of PS to diagnose it. Treatment wise, avoid sitting on hard surfaces, avoid sitting leaning forward, avoid stretching and dry needling the piriformis. No rough massages. For christ's sake, do not do Botox, as that will be the end of the muscle; it will never recover. Try to avoid intramuscular steroid injections as well. Careful strengthening of the piriformis once to twice weekly is what I've found to be effective with hundreds of patients, but beware that it takes time and it is imperative to avoid pitfalls as indicated already.

◾ Arnold-Chiari syndrome, also known as Chiari malformation, is a congenital condition characterized by structural defects in the base of the skull and the cerebellum, which is the part of the brain that controls balance. - In individuals with Arnold-Chiari syndrome, the lower part of the cerebellum, called the cerebellar tonsils, extends into the upper spinal canal. ◾ There are several types of Chiari malformations. The most common types are: 1. Type I Chiari Malformation: This is the most common type. In Type I Chiari malformation, the cerebellar tonsils extend into the upper spinal canal but do not protrude through the opening at the base of the skull (foramen magnum). 2. Type II Chiari Malformation (Arnold-Chiari Malformation): This type is associated with a form of spina bifida called myelomeningocele, which is a neural tube defect. 🔶 Symptoms of Arnold-Chiari syndrome include headaches, neck pain, dizziness, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness, and problems with coordination. In more severe cases, it can lead to hydrocephalus, spinal cord compression, and other neurological issues. 🔷 Treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms and may include medications for pain, physical therapy, and, in some cases, surgical intervention to relieve pressure on the affected structures.

Costoclavicular syndrome is such a common problem with a wide spectrum of possible consequent problems. The most common symptom of mild compressive brachial plexopathy is upper back pain, especially dorsal scapular nerve pain. This is frequently misdiagnosed as thoracic facet joint problems or rhomboid myalgia. As the problem amplifies, usually due to a combination of stress and poor posture, but also head and neck injuries, then fulminant arm, chest and neck symptoms can occur as well. In aggressive cases, paresis of several myotomes or even the entire arm can develop. This is also known as "Rucksack palsy", but really, it is costoclavicular syndrome. The brachial plexus directly anastomoses with the sympathetic chain, and in aggressive cases, strange dysautonomic symptoms and sympathalgias can occur. We published a case of a 45 year-old woman whose epigastric symptoms (she felt jolting down the stomach pipe and into the epigastrium) was triggered by arm loading. All internal medicine workups were normal. This turned out to be an unusual symptom of costoclavicular syndrome (TOS), and resolved with costoclavicular decompression. Urschel et al., and other authors as well, have published tendencies of pseudoangina, tremors, CRPS and other unexpected and seemingly strange outcomes of brachial plexopathy. The key to diagnosis in these cases, first and foremost, is to determine whether or not costoclavicular activity ("arm loading") instigates the patient's strange symptoms. The next step would be trialing with costoclavicular decompression.

The cervical plexus consists of a series of nerves that are fairly commonly affected in patients with chronic neck, especially upper neck pain. In rare cases it will develop in solitude, but in most cases - empirically - it develops in tandem with thoracic outlet syndrome. The most renowned problem within the spectrum of cervical plexus plexalgia is probably the greater occipital nerve. GON produces anything from a mild itch to excruciating pain in the back of the head and into the occiput. These patients will usually report pain upon pressure to the head, eg. lying supine on a pillow, and reports discomfort upon palpation of the scalp, eg. caress. The pain will reduce when direct pressure is reduced, eg. changing position. Less known, but also common symptoms within the cervical plexus category are symptoms that affect the ear and face via the greater and posterior auricular nerves. The cervical plexus also anastomose with the hypoglossal nerve, and is thus capable of causing throat and tongue symptoms as well. The cervical plexus innervates deep cervical musculature such as the longus colli and capitis, suboccipitals and scalenes, and can can pseudomyalgias. But will usually not cause neuropathic weakness. Cervical plexalgias often manifest as a seeming mononeuropathy, but in these cases, eg. greater occipital neuralgia, unless trauma has occurred just at the peripheral nerve's path, then it is often a case of the double crush phenomenon. The cervical plexus emerges between the scalenes, levator scapulae and sternocleidomastoid muscles, and these muscles are pertinent in the rehabilitation of this problem. Moreover, provocation of the same structures can be used to trial plexus vs. mononeuropathy. For example, of levator scapula strengthening triggers the symptoms, then it is unlikely to be solely caused by entrapment of the GON within the trapezius. If only trapezius, but not levator, scalene nor SCM provocation triggers the symptoms, then it may truly be a case of mono-entrapment neuropathy.