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The Presocratic philosophers did not have a specific concept of evolution as it is understood in modern times. However, some of their ideas and theories can be seen as precursors to evolutionary thinking. One of the key aspects of Presocratic philosophy was the search for the fundamental substance or principle that underlies all things. Thales, for example, believed that water was the primary element from which all other things were derived. Anaximander proposed the concept of the "apeiron," an infinite and indeterminate substance from which all things arise and to which they eventually return. These ideas can be seen as early attempts to explain the diversity and interconnectedness of the natural world. While they did not explicitly discuss the concept of species evolving over time, their theories laid the groundwork for later philosophical and scientific developments. Additionally, some Presocratic philosophers, such as Empedocles, proposed that all living beings were the result of combinations of different elements. Empedocles suggested that these combinations occurred through a process of love and strife, which can be interpreted as a precursor to the idea of natural selection. Overall, while the Presocratic philosophers did not have a direct conception of evolution as it is understood today, their ideas and theories contributed to the development of later evolutionary thinking.

All सर्व philosophy तत्त्वज्ञान must सुरुवात start from the dubious संशय and often pernicious views अपायकारक किंवा अहितकारी of गंभीर uncritical सामाजिक भान common sense. Its उद्दिष्ट aim is to reach आत्मज्ञान (व्याख्या भागवत गीतेनुसार, ६ भारतीय दर्शन शास्त्रानुसार) ) enlightened, (गंभीर) critical सामाजिक भान common sense: to reach a view nearer to the सत्य truth; and with a less अपायकारक किंवा अहितकारी pernicious प्रभाव influence on अखंड मानव समाज यांचे जीवन human life.” Mr. Karl Popper, 'In Search of a Better World' अर्थात चांगल्या जगाचा शोध वरील इंग्रजी / मराठी वाक्य याचा वाक्यार्थ, पद वाक्य प्रमाणज्य, या त्रिसूत्रीवर, प्रत्येक भारतीयाला करायला रोजच्या रोज जमो यासाठी सर्व भारतीयांना (माझ्यासह) प्रत्येक क्षणात अनेक, आणि खूप खूप शुभेच्छा. Social thanks with trust, faith, and love : Karl Popper who wrote “All men and all women are philosophers. If they are not conscious of having philosophical problems, they have, at any rate, philosophical prejudices. Most of these are theories which they take for granted: they have absorbed them from their intellectual environment or from tradition. Since few of these theories are consciously held, they are prejudices in the sense that they are held without critical examination, even though they may be of great importance for the practical actions of people, and for their whole life. It is an apology for the existence of professional philosophy that men are needed to examine critically these widespread and influential theories. Theories like these are the insecure starting point of all science and of all philosophy. All philosophy must start from the dubious and often pernicious views of uncritical common sense. Its aim is to reach enlightened, critical common sense: to reach a view nearer to the truth; and with a less pernicious influence on human life.” in 'In Search of a Better World'.

Why🤔 Seek Self Realisation! 🔺️Welcome to 60 Days, ✅️Daily New Story Telling Challenge What good are retirement savings if the world is burning? 📌The concept of self-realisation acknowledges our strong drive to preserve ourselves and to persevere in the face of the climate crisis. 📌 The Norwegian philosopher Arne Næss (1912-2009) coined the term deep ecology. Among many other things, he was a huge fan of the Sephardic Dutch philosopher Baruch de Spinoza (1632-77), particularly of his Ethics (1677), which Næss re-read frequently, and which plays a key role in his environmental philosophy. 🔑He is considered a national treasure, widely admired for his social activism, mountaineering, philosophy textbooks, and even his practical jokes and spectacular feats such as climbing the walls of the tallest building at the Blindern campus of the University of Oslo while being interviewed by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. ➡️Næss`s notion of self-realisation is inspired by many philosophical traditions, including Mahayana Buddhism and Gandhi`s philosophy of nonviolent resistance. 🔺️According to his Ethics, everything in nature has a conatus, a fundamental striving to continue to exist: `Each thing, as far as it can by its own power, strives to persevere in its being. Næss situates the conatus in a bigger picture of nature, namely, one that helps us to persevere and affirm ourselves as expressions of nature. Spinoza argued that there is only one substance, which he called God or God or nature. 🔥When our surroundings are hurt, we feel hurt too Unlike a traditional theistic God, Spinoza`s God has no overall higher purpose, no grand design. ` As Næss interprets him, Spinoza`s metaphysics is fundamentally egalitarian. Nature as a whole expresses its power in each individual thing. ✋️It is within these expressions of power that we can situate the drive to preserve our own being.🚀 What's your Take upon, so share in Comments, stay Tuned for Upcoming Interesting Stories & Follow Utkarsh Kumar pal For More💯 #storytelling

Chapter "Buddhist pilgrimage" reaches 1000 reads. Buddhist pilgrimage is a journey undertaken by Buddhists to sacred places associated with the life and teachings of the Buddha, or other important Buddhist figures. It is an important practice in Buddhism, and is believed to help deepen one's spiritual understanding and connect with the teachings of the Buddha. https://lnkd.in/dUMq29TE via @researchgate https://lnkd.in/dUMq29TE

"Struggles named Philosophical Investigations" (III) written by Shigeki Noya Chapter 3-2 Russell argued that the meaning of a proper name lies in its denoting the object, while a definite description does not denote the object named but the description given. So, how should we interpret the meaning of a sentence like "the planet inside Mercury's orbit, closest to the sun, is smaller than Earth"? Russell's proposal was to reinterpret this sentence as follows: There exists only one thing that is inside Mercury's orbit, closest to the sun, and smaller than Earth, and that thing is the planet inside Mercury's orbit, closest to the sun, and smaller than Earth. In short, for a sentence with a definite description like "the planet inside Mercury's orbit, closest to the sun," reinterpret the definite description as the predicate "… is the planet inside Mercury's orbit, closest to the sun." While the subject would be meaningless without a denoted object, the predicate would not be. Since nothing satisfies such a predicate, the sentence would be false. (Omitted)According to Russell's idea, this is not merely a technical proposal in the philosophy of language. Philosophy has fallen into false metaphysics because it mistakenly believed that there must be something corresponding to a definite description serving as the subject, due to the subject being a definite description. Hence, the descriptive theory, which states that definite descriptions are not actually subjects, was a groundbreaking argument to correct philosophical errors. Let's summarize. Descriptive Theory… Sentences using definite descriptions can be reinterpreted as asserting that something satisfying the definite description exists.

Nath, aka Natha, falls under Shaivism subtradition within Hinduism, incorporating ideas from Yogic traditions, Buddhism, and Shaivism [1]. The Nath followers consider Lord Shiva, one of the Trimurtis in Hinduism, as their main deity and guru, while worshipping other gods too. Two chief Naths, namely, Matsyendranath and Gorakshanath (CE 9th or 10th ??), of Nath confederation are remembered for their significant contribution in developing the Nath philosophy. Available literature dated back to the eleventh century CE and afterwards, where spiritual texts related to Shaivist theology have been documented. Chapter on "Nath Sidhas" reaches 1500 reads. https://lnkd.in/dabRaz58 via @researchgate https://lnkd.in/dabRaz58

APROPOS OF 'DAYA JI'S LAST WRITTEN PIECE', Journal of Foundational Research, Univ of Rajasthan, 2023:31.1, 48-59 What is presented in this just published piece of my writings is not simply a conventional research paper but also something of a philosophic document that has remarkable value in the context of recent Indian history of ideas. This article has its settings in my brief yet thought-provoking spell of correspondence with Daya Krishna that culminated in the 'last written piece' of the eminent Indian philosopher. Just before his passing away on 5th October 2007, Daya Ji wrote a couple of letters to me in response to my work on a survey of the parallels between Wittgensteinian Philosophy and Advaita Vedanta. The second one of those letters was 'Daya Ji's Last Written Piece ', according to Prof Daniel Raveh who mailed it to me from Tel-Aviv University, Israel. In his first letter of 21st August 2007, Daya Ji viewed my work as a 'serious' and 'well-thought' work on the subject and he generously offered to me some constructive criticism. He went on to suggest me to write something in the light of the critical points. Daya Ji wrote his second and the last letter to me on 5th October 2007 with some further suggestions. There are two main points in Daya Ji's criticism of my attempt to survey the parallels between Wittgensteinian Philosophy and Advaita Vedanta. He has identified certain logico-theoretical problems, and some practico-valuational difficulties involved in pursuing the parallels between the two great philosophies. The critical points thus raised by Daya Ji are quite illuminating giving fresh impetus to advance my research work further. The present paper is an attempt to that end.

"We will analyze the potential of meditation, with some focus on the recently constructed research by the science called nature-based mindfulness, to dilute the Human/Nature dichotomy and promote a global mindset and sustainability" New article: "Educating through (Re)connection: Contributions of contemplative sciences and meditative practices for a new mindset in education" https://lnkd.in/dfcyTRzw