Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Surgical Procedures
2.3. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Intra-Abdominal UDT | Canalicular UDT | Communicating Hydrocele | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 0.1–2.0 | 0.9–9.0 | 1.0–5.0 |
Mean ± SD | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 4.2 ± 2.6 | 2.7 ± 1.3 |
Median | 0.6 | 4.0 | 3.0 |
Age groups (n) | |||
0–2 years | 34 (100%) | 144 (35.3%) | 118 (47.4%) |
3–6 years | - | 166 (40.7%) | 131 (52.6%) |
7–9 years | - | 98 (24.0%) | - |
Total (n) | 34 (100%) | 408 (100%) | 249 (100%) |
Testes (n) | 43 | 449 | 249 |
Side (n) | |||
R | 12 (35.3%) | 209 (51.2%) | 118 (47.4%) |
L | 13 (38.2%) | 158 (38.7%) | 131 (52.6%) |
Bil | 9 (26.5%) | 41 (10.1%) | - |
1. Intra-Abdominal UDT (n = 34; t = 43) a/n/t (%) | 2. Canalicular UDT (n = 408; t = 449) a/n/t (%) | 3. Communicating Hydrocele (n = 249; t = 249) a/n/t (%) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Major (anomalies/boys) | 57/28/35 (81.4) | 78/66/74 (16.5) | 5/5 (2) | p < 0.001 |
A. testicular hypotrophy/hypoplasia incl. atrophy/agenesis (TAI > 30%) | 35 (81.4) | 44 (9.8%) | 3 (1%) | p < 0.001 |
B. epididymal atrophy | 1 | 3 | 0 | |
C. separation caput epididymis, complete separation | 20 | 18 | 2 | |
D. lack of continuity or hypotrophy of vas deferens | 1 | 13 | 0 | |
Minor (anomalies/boys) | 38/29/38 (88.4) | 82 /64/76 (16.9) | 27/19 (7.6) | 1–2: p < 0.001 |
A. separation cauda epididymis | 38 | 62 | 19 | 2–3: p = 0.004 1–3: p < 0.001 |
B. epididymal cysts | 0 | 11 | 6 | |
C. long looping epididymis/ vas deferens | 0 | 9 | 2 | |
Total | 95/34/43 (100) | 160/130/150 (33.4) | 32/24 (9.6) | p < 0.001 |
Appendix testis/epididymis | 3/3/3 (7.0) | 82/70/82 (18.3) | 101/101 (40.6) | 1–2: NS 2–3: p < 0.001 1–3: p = 0.002 |
No of TEVA in One Patient/Testis | Intra-Abdominal UDT n/t (%) | Canalicular UDT n/t (%) | Communicating Hydrocele n/t (%) |
---|---|---|---|
One | 11/12 (27.9) | 122/141 (94) | 16/16 (66.7) |
Two | 10/10 (23.3) | 7/8 (5.3) | 8/8 (33.3) |
Three | 13/21 (48.8) | 1/1 (0.7) | 0/0 |
Total | 34/43 (100) | 130/150 (100) | 24/24 (100) |
Type of UDT | Intra-Abdominal t/tt (%) | Canalicular t/tt (%) | Total t/tt (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Unilateral | 25/25 (100) | 110/367 (30) | 135/392 (34.4) |
Bilateral | 18/18 (100) | 40/82 (48.8) | 58/100 (58) |
Total | 43/43 (100) | 150/449 (33.4) | 193/492 (39.2) |
Undescended Testis | Intra-Abdominal UDT | Canalicular UDT | p |
---|---|---|---|
TV median (±SD) | 0.18 (±0.07) | 0.41 (±0.29) | |
min–max | 0.02–0.37 | 0.11–1.57 | |
TAI median (±SD) | 54.08 (±18.69) | 16.73 (±12.28) | p < 0.001 |
min–max | 18.18–94.51 | 0.53–57.45 |
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Niedzielski, J.; Nowak, M.; Kucharski, P.; Marchlewska, K.; Słowikowska-Hilczer, J. Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3015. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113015
Niedzielski J, Nowak M, Kucharski P, Marchlewska K, Słowikowska-Hilczer J. Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):3015. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113015
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiedzielski, Jerzy, Maciej Nowak, Piotr Kucharski, Katarzyna Marchlewska, and Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer. 2022. "Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 3015. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113015