Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Some Alternaria Species Isolated from Tomato Fruits Concerning Mycotoxin Production and Polyketide Synthase Genes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection of Tomato Samples
2.2. Isolation and Morphological Description of Alternaria
2.3. DNA Extraction of Alternaria Species
2.4. Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification of 5.8S rDNA, and Gene Sequencing
2.5. Amplification of pksH and pksJ Genes
2.6. Toxin Production and Purification for HPLC Analysis
2.7. Chromatographic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Morphological Description of Alternaria Species
3.2. Molecular Characterization of Alternaria Species Using ITS rDNA Gene Sequencing
3.3. Amplification of pksH and pksJ Genes
3.4. Toxin Production and Purification for HPLC Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isolate | Species | Average Conidial Length (µm) ± SD | Average Conidial Width (µm) ± SD | L/W Ratio ± SD | Average of Transversa Septa ± SD | Average of Longitudinal Septa ± SD | Average Transversa/Longitudinal Septa ± SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | A. alternata | 22.6 ± 7.0 | 11.4 ± 1.6 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 1.1 |
2 | 28.2 ± 6.74 | 10.4 ± 1.78 | 2.7 ± 0.87 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.66 | 2.4 ± 0.95 | |
3 | A. citri | 29.4 ± 11.18 | 15.9 ± 3.07 | 1.9 ± 0.73 | 4.3 ± 1.25 | 2.5 ± 0.97 | 1.7 ± 0.98 |
4 | 27.1 ± 5.11 | 10.5 ± 1.70 | 2.6 ± 0.80 | 3.2 ± 1.01 | 2.4 ± 0.92 | 1.3 ± 0.99 | |
5 | 41.4 ± 11.88 | 11.4 ± 2.64 | 3.6 ± 1.21 | 5.9 ± 1.45 | 1.4 ± 0.52 | 4.2 ± 1.86 | |
6 | 40.3 ± 10.11 | 11.0 ± 2.50 | 3.7 ± 1.22 | 5.6 ± 1.11 | 2.0 ± 0.88 | 2.8 ± 0.76 | |
7 | A. radicina | 24.4 ± 8.84 | 10.6 ± 3.53 | 2.3 ± 1.56 | 3.0 ± 1.49 | 1.6 ± 0.84 | 1.9 ± 1.53 |
8 | 34.8 ± 5.66 | 15.2 ± 1.72 | 2.3 ± 0.51 | 3.8 ± 1.40 | 2.5 ± 0.85 | 1.5 ± 1.32 | |
9 | 33.2 ± 4.5 | 15.3 ± 1.60 | 2.2 ± 0.40 | 3.8 ± 1.20 | 2.0 ± 0.98 | 1.9 ± 1.44 | |
10 | A. brassicicola | 30.6 ± 14.61 | 15.3 ± 1.43 | 2.0 ± 1.02 | 6.0 ± 2.31 | 3.2 ± 0.79 | 1.9 ± 0.72 |
11 | 32.8 ± 2.35 | 16.2 ± 1.68 | 2.0 ± 0.40 | 5.4 ± 0.70 | 2.2 ± 0.42 | 2.5 ± 1.07 | |
12 | A. alternata | 31.4 ± 5.53 | 14.3 ± 2.88 | 2.2 ± 0.91 | 3.8 ± 1.14 | 1.7 ± 0.82 | 2.2 ± 1.38 |
13 | 21.5 ± 1.33 | 10.1 ± 3.34 | 2.1 ± 0.39 | 3.7 ± 1.37 | 1.3 ± 0.66 | 2.8 ± 0.67 | |
14 | A. radicina | 31.4 ± 5.28 | 15.5 ± 2.03 | 2.0 ± 0.48 | 2.0 ± 0.82 | 3.1 ± 0.57 | 0.7 ± 0.28 |
15 | 28.5 ± 7.61 | 15.8 ± 2.33 | 1.8 ± 0.48 | 3.1 ± 1.20 | 1.8 ± 1.14 | 1.7 ± 0.88 | |
16 | 24.8 ± 3.39 | 13.1 ± 2.54 | 1.9 ± 0.32 | 3.1 ± 0.34 | 1.2 ± 0.32 | 2.7 ± 0.60 | |
17 | 29.0 ± 8.61 | 13.7 ± 1.94 | 2.1 ± 0.95 | 2.6 ± 0.97 | 1.3 ± 0.48 | 2.0 ± 0.84 | |
18 | 34.1 ± 4.30 | 11.3 ± 2.35 | 3.0 ± 1.22 | 4.1 ± 1.55 | 1.5 ± 0.54 | 2.7 ± 0.63 | |
19 | A. tenuissima | 28.7 ± 2.98 | 12.4 ± 1.20 | 2.3 ± 0.33 | 3.2 ± 0.42 | 1.5 ± 0.53 | 2.1 ± 1.07 |
20 | 36.0 ± 6.20 | 11.0 ± 0.93 | 3.3 ± 0.71 | 4.6 ± 1.65 | 1.5 ± 0.71 | 3.1 ± 1.41 |
Mycotoxins | RT | A. alternata | A. brassicicola | A. citri | A. radicina | A. tenuissima |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Altenuene | 10 | ND | ND | 1.35 | ND | ND |
Alternariol | 11 | 5.12 | ND | ND | 0.89 | 4.56 |
Alternariol methyl ether | 11.5 | 9.85 | ND | 5.12 | 6.65 | ND |
Tenuazonic acid | 14.8 | 4.12 | ND | 1.51 | ND | ND |
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Saleem, A.; El-Shahir, A.A. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Some Alternaria Species Isolated from Tomato Fruits Concerning Mycotoxin Production and Polyketide Synthase Genes. Plants 2022, 11, 1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091168
Saleem A, El-Shahir AA. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Some Alternaria Species Isolated from Tomato Fruits Concerning Mycotoxin Production and Polyketide Synthase Genes. Plants. 2022; 11(9):1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091168
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaleem, Abdelrahman, and Amany A. El-Shahir. 2022. "Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Some Alternaria Species Isolated from Tomato Fruits Concerning Mycotoxin Production and Polyketide Synthase Genes" Plants 11, no. 9: 1168. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091168