Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Lannea Species—A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Selection of Information
2.2. Ethnobotanical and Ethnomedical Data
2.2.1. Vernacular Names
2.2.2. Traditional Uses
Species | Distribution | Medicinal Uses | Plant Part |
---|---|---|---|
Lannea acida [33] | Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo | Antipyretic, gastrointestinal tract disorder, malaria, pain, skin disease, and sexually transmitted disease (gonorrhoea, syphilis) | Branch, root, stem, stem bark |
Lannea alata [15] | Kenya, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania | Fever, fractures, malaria | Stem |
Lannea ambacensis [16] | Angola | Asthma, colitis, cough, eye diseases, ulcer | Root |
Lannea angolensis [17] | Angola | Bronchitis, pleuropneumonia, pneumonia, rhinitis, tuberculosis | Bark |
Lannea barteri [34] | Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Conakry, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Uganda, Zaire | Anaemia, convulsions, diabetes, oedema, epilepsy, leprosy, madness, paralysis, salmonellosis, spasms, vermifuge | Bark, leaf Stem bark |
Lannea coromandelica [19,20] | Andaman, Assa, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Guangdong, Guangxi Hainan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Yunnan | Heart disease, inflammations, leprous ulcers, mouth sores, pain, rashes, sprains, toothache | Bark, leaf |
Lannea edulis [35] | Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe | Bilhárzia and other parasitoses, cholera, contusion, diarrhoea, fever, food, haematoma, malaria, sexually transmitted disease (gonorrhoea, syphilis), swelling, tuberculosis, wound | Fruit, leaf, root, root bark, stem |
Lannea humilis [23] | Ethiopia, Senegal, Zambia, Zimbabwe | Body aches, cholera, cough, diarrhoea, dysentery, nausea, weakness | Bark |
Lannea nigritana [24] | Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo | Anaemia, bad odour, cachexia, chest stiffness, drepanocytosis, dysentery, impotence, intestinal pain, purgative, rickets, tiredness | Bark |
Lannea rivae [36] | Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda | Cold, cough, stomach-ache | Bark |
Lannea schimperi [37] | Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia | Back pain and general weakness, diarrhoea, dysentery, infections, stomach pain, tuberculosis | Bark, branch, leaf, stem, trunk |
Lannea schweinfurthii [38] | Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe | Abdominal pain, anaemia, diarrhoea, food, gastric ulcer, headaches, sexually transmitted diseases (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis), stomach problems, tonic | Bark, leaf, stem bark |
Lannea velutina [27] | Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal | Anaemia, asthenia, cachexia, cholera, conjunctivitis, cuts, diarrhoea, dysentery, ectoparasites (flea, leech, lice, mite, tick), fever, impotence, inflammation, pain, rash, renal colic, skin growths, tuberculosis, wound | Bark, fruit, leaf, root |
Lannea welwitschii [39] | Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Uganda, Zaïre | Diarrhoea, dysentery, oedema, epilepsy, food, gout, haemorrhoids, hypertension, laxative, nasopharyngeal disorders, pulmonary diseases, purgative, venereal diseases | Bark, root |
2.3. Phytochemical Studies
Species, Ref. | Plant Part | Chemical Class | Compound |
---|---|---|---|
L. acida [40,41,42,43,44,45] | Whole plant | Flavonol | Quercetin |
Leaf | Flavanone | 6,7-(2″,2″ -dimethyl chromene)-8-γ, γ-dimethyl allyl flavanone | |
Flavonol | 3′,4′dihydroxy-7,8(2″,2″-dimethyl chromene)-6-γ, γ dimethyl allyl flavonol | ||
Isoflavone | 7-methyltectorigenin | ||
Isoflavone | Irisolidone | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Myricetin-3-(6″-galloylgalactoside) | ||
Gallic acid derivative | 3,4,5-trigalloylquinic acid | ||
Flavan-3-ol | (-)-Epicatechin-3-gallate | ||
Flavan-3-ol | (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate | ||
Flavan-3-ol | (-)-Epigallocatechin | ||
Flavan-3-ol | (-)-Epicatechin | ||
Flavone | Lanceolatin B | ||
Flavanone | 7,2′-dimethoxy-4′,5′methylenedioxyflavanone | ||
Eugenol derivative | Eugenyl-O-β-D-(6′-sulphonylglucoside) | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Quercetin-3-(6″-galloylglucopyranoside) | ||
Stem bark | Flavone | Luteolin | |
Flavonol | Kaempferol | ||
Fatty acid | Hexadecanoic acid (20.59%) | ||
Fatty acid | Trans-13-octadecenoic acid decanoic acid (2.16%). | ||
Fatty acid | 7,10-octadecanoyl acid | ||
Fatty acid | Hexadecanoic acid | ||
Fatty acid | Ecadienoic acid | ||
Fatty acid | Eicosanoic acid (7.62%) | ||
Fatty acid | Dodecanoic acid (8.51%) | ||
Fatty acid | Octadecanoic acid (13.77%) | ||
Fatty acid | Tetradecanoic acid (18.18%) | ||
Methyl ester | Methyl ester (4.86%) | ||
Methyl ester | Methyl ester (7.70%) | ||
Ester | Methoxy acetic acid, 2-tetradecyl ester | ||
Phthalate ester | Dibutyl phthalate (4.12%) | ||
Root bark | Phenol derivative | (E)-3-(hepatic-14-enyl)phenol | |
Phenol derivative | (E)-3-(nonadec-16-enyl)phenol | ||
Benzene derivative | (E)-2-(heptadec-14-enyl)benzene-1,4-diol | ||
Cyclohexenone | (5R,14E)-5-(heptadec-14-enyl)-5-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one | ||
Cyclohexenone | (5R,16E)-5-(nonadec-16-enyl)-5-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one | ||
Cyclohexene diol | (1S,3S)-1-((E)-heptadec-14-enyl)cyclohex-4-ene-1,3-diol | ||
Cyclohexene diol | (1S,3S)-1-((E)-nonadec-16-enyl)cyclohex-4-ene-1,3-diol | ||
Cyclohexene diol | (1S,3S)-1-((E)-heneicos-18-enyl)cyclohex-4-ene-1,3-diol | ||
Bicyclic alcohol | (1S,3S,6R)-1-((E)-heptadec-14-enyl)-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0]hept-4-en-3-ol | ||
Bicyclic alcohol | (1R,3R,6S)-1-((E)-nonadec-16-enyl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-en-3-ol | ||
Cyclohexenone | (4R,5S)-5-((E)-heptadec-14-en-1-yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-cyclohex-2-en-1-one | ||
L. alata [46,47] | Whole plant | Flavonol | Lanneaflavonol |
Flavonol | Dihydrolanneaflavonol | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Myricetin-3-O-α ramnopyranoside | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Myricetin-3-O-α-arabinofuranoside (betmidin) | ||
Triterpene | Lupeol | ||
Phytosterol | ß-sitosterol | ||
L. barteri [48] | Leaf | Flavonol glycoside | Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside |
Flavonol glycoside | Myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside | ||
Flavonol | Quercetin-3,7,3′,4′-tetramethyl | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Quercetin-3- O-arabinofuranoside | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hysperoside) | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (quercetrin) | ||
L. coromandelica [49,50,51] | Bark | Lipid derivative | (2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxytetracosanoyl amino]-10-octadecene-1,3,4-triol |
Phenolic aldehyde | Isovanillin | ||
Glycosphingolipid | Aralia cerebroside | ||
Saturated fatty acid | Palmitic acid | ||
Saturated fatty acid | Stearic acid | ||
Phenolic acid | Protocatechuic acid | ||
Oestrogenic compound | P-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester | ||
Organic compound | 5,5-dibuthoxy-2,2-bifuran | ||
Phytosterol ester | Phytosterol-β-sitosterol palmitate | ||
Sterol glycoside | Β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6-O-palmitate | ||
Triterpene | Myricadiol | ||
Leaf | Flavonol | Quercetin | |
Flavonol glycoside | Quercetin-3-arabinoside | ||
Flavan-3-ol | Leucocyanidin | ||
Flavan-3-ol | Leucodelphinidin | ||
Flower, stem bark | Phytosterol | ß-Sitosterol | |
Flavonol glycoside | Isoquercetin | ||
Flavonol | (2R, 3S)-(+)-4,7-di-O-methylhydroquercetin | ||
Flavonol | (2R, 3S)-(+))-4-O-methyldihydroquercetin | ||
Flavonol | (2R, 3S)-(+) 3,5-dihydroxy-4,7dimethoxydihydroflavonol | ||
Flavonol | (2R, 3S)-(+)-4,5,7-trimethoxydihydroflavonol | ||
Flavonol | (2R, 3S)-(+)-4,7-di-O-methyldihydrokaemferol | ||
Flavonol | Morin | ||
Oligosaccharide | 4-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose | ||
Oligosaccharide | 6-O-(ß-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose | ||
Oligosaccharide | 6-O-(4-O-methyl-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose. | ||
L. edulis [52] | Root bark | Phenolic lipid | Cardonol 7 |
Phenolic lipid | Cardonol 13 | ||
Cyclohexenone | 5-[14-heptadecenyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-cyclohexenone | ||
Cyclohexenone | 5-[16-nonadecenyl]-4S,5S-dihydroxy-2-cyclohexenone | ||
Cyclohexenone | 5-[16-Nonadecenyl]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-cyclohexenone. | ||
L. humilis [53] | Bark | Dicarboxylic acid | Malic acid |
Hydroxycinnamic acid | Quinic acid | ||
Gallotannin | Gallic acid glucoside | ||
Flavan-3-ol | (Epi)gallocatechin | ||
Flavan-3-ol sulfate ester | (epi)gallocatechin 5-O-methyl 7-O-sulphate | ||
Flavan-3-ol | (Epi)catechin | ||
Flavan-3-ol gallate | (Epi)-gallocatechin gallate | ||
Flavan-3-ol sulfate ester | 3-flavan 3-,4-,5- trihydroxy5-O-methyl 7-O-sulphate | ||
Sulfated phenolic acid | Syringic acid sulphate | ||
Flavan-3-ol sulfate ester | (epi)catechin 5-O-ethyl 7-O-sulphate-3-O-hexoside | ||
Flavan-3-ol sulfate ester | (epi)catechin 5-O-ethyl 7-O-sulphate | ||
Flavan-3-ol gallate | Procyanidin dimer mono gallate | ||
Flavan-3-ol gallate sulfate ester | (epi)gallocatechin gallate 5-O-ethyl 7-O- sulphate. | ||
L. rivae [46,54] | Root | Carotenoid | E-lutein |
Flavan-3-ol gallate | (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate | ||
Flavonol | Myricetin | ||
Phenol derivative | 3-nonadec-14′-Z-enyl phenol | ||
Phenol derivative | 3-heptadec-12′-Z-enyl phenol | ||
Phenol derivative | 3-pentadec-10′-Z-enyl phenol | ||
Phenol derivative | 3-pentadecyl phenol | ||
Furanone | 4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-furan-2′-[16′-(Z)-18′-(E)-heneicosenyldiene] cyclohex-2-enone | ||
Cyclohexanone | 2,4,5-trihydroxy-2-[16′-(Z)-heneicosenyl] cyclohexanone | ||
Cyclohexenone | 4S,6R-dihydroxy-6-(12′(Z)-heptadecenyl) 2-cyclohexenone | ||
Cyclohexenone | 4S,6R-dihydroxy-6-(14′(Z)-nonadecenyl) 2-cyclohexenone | ||
Cyclohexane | 1,2,4-trihydroxy-4-[16′(Z)-heneicosenyl] cyclohexane. | ||
Sterol glycoside | Sitosterol glucoside | ||
Triterpenoid | Β-sitosterol | ||
Triterpenoid | Taraxerol | ||
Triterpenoid | Taraxerone | ||
L. schimperi [54,55,56] | Whole plant | Phenol derivative | 3-[12′(E)-pentadecenyl] fenol |
Phenol derivative | 3-[14′(E)-heptadecenyl] fenol | ||
Phenol derivative | 3-[16′(E)-nonadecenyl] fenol | ||
Phenol derivative | 3-[18′(E)-heneicosenyl] fenol | ||
Cyclohexenone | 5-[12′(E)-pentadecenyl] 4,5-dihydroxyciclohex-2-enone | ||
Cyclohexenone | 5-[14′(E)-heptadecenyl] 4,5-dihydroxyciclohex-2-enone | ||
Cyclohexenone | 5-[16′(E)-nonadecenil] 4,5-dihydroxyciclohex-2-enone | ||
Cyclohexenone | 5-[18′(E)-heneicosenyl] 4,5-dihydroxycyclohex-2-enone | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[12′(E)-pentadecenyl] cyclohex-3-en-1,2,5-triol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[14′(E)-heptadecenyl] cyclohex-3-en-1,2,5-triol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[16′(E)-nonadecenyl] cyclohex-3-en-1,2,5-triol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[14′(E)-heptadecenyl] 4-cyclohex-4-en-1,3-diol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[16′(E)-nonadecenyl] 4-cyclohex-4-en-1,3-diol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[18′(E)-heneicosenyl] 4-cyclohex-4-en-1,3-diol. | ||
Leaf | Lipid | Ceramide | |
Alkaloid | Forsskamide | ||
Isoprenoid | A-tocopherol | ||
Triterpenoid | Betulinic acid | ||
Triterpenoid | Lupeol | ||
Triterpenoid | Oleanolic acid | ||
Triterpenoid | 23-hydroxyoleanolic acid. | ||
L. schweinfurthii [46] | Root | Phenol derivative | 3-[tridecyl] phenol |
Phenol derivative | 3-[heptadecyl] phenol | ||
Phenol derivative | 3-[heptadec-12′(Z),14′(E)-dienyl] phenol | ||
Phenol derivative | 3-[nonadec-14′(Z),16′(E)-dienyl] phenol | ||
Phenol derivative | 3-[heneicos-16′(Z),18′(E)-dienyl] phenol | ||
Flavan-3-ol | Catechin | ||
Flavan-3-ol | Epicatechin | ||
Favonol rutinoside | Rutin | ||
Triterpenoid | Lupenone | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[tridecyl] cyclohex-3-en-1,2,5-triol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[heptadecyl] cyclohex-3-en-1,2,5-triol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[tridecyl] cyclohex-4-en-1,3-diol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[nonadecyl] cyclohex-4-en-1,3-diol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[heneicosyl] cyclohex-4-en-1,3-diol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[tricosyl] cyclohex-4-en-1,3-diol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[pentadec-12′(E)-enyl] cyclohex-4-en-1,3-diol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[nonadec-14′(Z),16′(E)-dienyl] cyclohex-4-en-1,3-diol | ||
Cyclohexenol | 1-[heneicosen-16′(Z),18′(E)-dienyl] cyclohex-4-en-1,3 diol | ||
Cyclohexenone | 5-hydroxy-5-[tridecyl] cyclohex-2-enone | ||
Cyclohexenone | 5-hydroxy-5-[pentadecyl] cyclohex-2-enone | ||
Cyclohexenone | 5-hydroxy-5-[heptadecyl] cyclohex-2-enone | ||
Cyclohexenone | 5-hydroxy-5-[pentadec-12′(E)-enyl] cyclohex-2-enone | ||
L. velutina [57,58,59] | Root bark | Flavan-3-ol | Catechin (as starting unit) |
Flavan-3-ol | Epicatechin (as an extender unit). | ||
Leaf | Phenolic lipid | Anacardic acid | |
Phenolic acid | Gallic acid | ||
Flower | Sesquiterpenoid | Beta-caryophyllene 22 to 36% | |
Alkane | Heneicosane 4 to 10%. | ||
L. welwitschii [42,60] | Whole plant | Phenolic compound | Lanneaquinol |
Phenolic compound | 2′(R)-hydroxylanneaquinol. | ||
Leaf | Flavonol | Mearnsetin | |
Flavonol glycoside | Myricetin 3-O-β-D-arabinofuranoside | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Myricetin-3-O-β-D-xylofuranoside | ||
Flavonol glycoside | Myricetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside |
2.4. Biological Studies
Species | Plant Part | Extract | Test | Results | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lannea acida | Wp | EtOH | In vitro: antibacterial activity | Potential source of new antibacterial agents against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosas) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus subtilis); crude extract showed bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity (IC50 values between 12 and 94 µg/mL). | [64] |
Wp | H2O, MeOH | In vivo: reproductive toxicity of colibri in adult male rats | Treatment with L. acida extracts was significant (p ≤ 0.05–0.001) because it reversed the reproductive system-induced damage, especially after 28 days of treatment with aqueous solution (340 mg/kg) and methanol extracts (170 mg/kg). | [83] | |
Wp | EtOH | In vivo: antibacterial activity by microdilution in broths of bacterial strains | Selective antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. pyogenes, and B. subtilis), including against resistant strains, with MICs/MBCs ranging from 7.80 to 125 µg/mL. The highest sensitivity was seen against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | [62] | |
B | EtOH | In vitro: Folin Method–Ciocalteu (antioxidant activity) | Determination of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids by the Folin Ciocalteu method, expressed in mg of gallic acid equivalents and quercetin equivalents, respectively (total phenols vary between 34.4 to 40.55; total flavonoids vary between 6.4 and 11.02). | [40] | |
B | EtOH | In vitro and in vivo: evaluation of oestrogenic activity and anti-osteoporotic potential in ovariectomized Wistar rats | L. acida bark extract induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells. At 200 mg/kg, prolonged treatment with the extract prevented ovariectomy-induced body weight gain and loss of bone mass and/or density. The ethanol extract induced a significant increase in MCF-7 cell production at concentrations of 10 (p < 0.05), 100 (p < 0.05), and 200 (p < 0.01)/g/mL compared to control DMSO. | [84] | |
StB | Hx, Chl, Ace | In vitro: antimicrobial activity | The antimicrobial test result showed that stem bark extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes), with clear zones of inhibition ranging from 6 mm to 21 mm. | [85] | |
StB | H2O | In vivo: anti-inflammatory activities by method PGE E-2-induced paw oedema | The extract inhibited paw oedema significantly (F(3,96) = 25.02; p < 0.05) and (F(5,96) = 16.46; p < 0.01) at doses of 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively. However, the extract did not show significant inhibition at 30 mg/kg (F(15,96) = 1.12; p = 0.3505). Aqueous extract inhibited prostaglandin E2-anti-inflammatory activity. | [61] | |
B | EtOH | In vitro: antioxidant activity by DPPH | Antioxidant activity through DPPH method using quercetin and gallic acid as positive controls. The IC50 value of each extract was determined and all tests were performed in triplicate. The bark extract of Lannea acida showed IC50 = 345.72 ± 7.76 μg mL−1 while that of Lannea velutina IC50 = 478. 68 ± 8.55. | [40] | |
R B | DCM | In vitro: antiproliferative activity | The XTT assay was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of the extract, fractions, and compounds on three multiple myeloma cell lines: RPMI 8226, MM.1S, and MM.1R. Fractions were considered active when they inhibited at least 50% of cell growth at 20 μg/mL; two compounds showed activity on all cell lines with IC50 values < 5 µM. Bortezomib was used as a positive control. | [44] | |
Wp | EtOH | In vitro: cytotoxic and anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv activities | The rate of monocytes at different stages of mitosis was corrected in the absence and presence of the extract as follows: G0/G1 58.83–59.83%; synthesis 21.95–18.64%; mitosis 16.67–15.97%; necrosis 2.65–5.64%. The percentage of inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proliferation was 77.6 and 36.8%, respectively, for 1.2 and 0.6 mg mL−1 of extract. | [62] | |
Lannea barteri | L and St | MeOH | In vitro: antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method | MBC determination showed that the MBC ranges for methanolic and ethanolic extracts of L. barteri leaves were 6.25 to 50 mg/mL and 6.25 to 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. The rapid death of S. aureus was verified in the range of 1.45 × 106 CFU of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of methanolic leaf extract of L. barteri. | [66] |
L, StB | DCM, MeOH, H2O | In vitro: anticancer activity | The extracts and fractions were tested for anticancer activity by using the crystal violet cell proliferation on four adherent human carcinoma cell lines. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of fractions IH, 1I, 2E, and 2F were: 3.75 ± 1.33, 3.88 ± 2.15, 0.53 ± 0.41, and 0.42 ± 0.45 µg/mL against KYSE 70 and 1.04 ± 0.94, 2.69 ± 1.17, 2.38 ± 3.64, and 2.17 ± 1.92 µg/mL against SiSo cell lines, respectively. Fraction 2E showed weak apoptotic activity at double the IC50 and some sign of cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase | [86] | |
Lannea coromandelica | L | EtOAc, MeOH, H2O | In vitro: antioxidant activity by DPPH method | The ethyl acetate fraction had stronger DPPH scavenging activity than the methanolic extract and aqueous extract fractions. The DPPH clearing effect of both standards and plant extracts occurred in the order of BHT > EAF > CME > AqF and was 91.9%, 71.4%, 56.2%, and 42.2% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, respectively. | [87] |
Wp | EtOH | In vivo: hypotensive activity | The ethanolic extract of L. coromandelica was administered to dogs and rats at doses 5–100 mg/kg and 1–25 mg/kg, respectively, and a reduction in blood pressure was observed. | [88] | |
L | EtOH:H2O | In vivo: anti-ulcer activity model | L. coromandelica anti-ulcer activity was evaluated in two different in vivo models of induced gastric ulcer. Leaf hydroethanolic extract showed significant levels of ulcer inhibition and gastric protection. | [89] | |
L | MeOH | In vitro: neuropharmacological and antidiabetic activity | Rats received doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg of body weight in an elevated plus maze and motor coordination; 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight in sleep time, hole crossing, hole plate, and open field testing; and 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in the antidiabetic activity test. The results obtained were all significant and dose dependent. L. coromandelica extracts possess significant neuromodulatory properties, had no significant effect on normal blood sugar levels, but corrected alloxan-induced changes in blood sugar and pancreas. | [90] | |
B | MeOH | In vitro: antioxidant activity by DPPH method | The percentage of free radical scavenging by the DPPH, with IC50 12.12 ± 0.48 µg/mL compared to the ascorbic acid standard 8.66 ± 0.11 µg. | [84] | |
L | EtOH | In vitro: antidiabetic activity in rats | Blood glucose levels in normal rats reached high levels 60 min after oral glucose administration (3 g/kg) and gradually decreased to 125 mg/dL in 2 h. Groups pretreated with ethanolic extract of L. coromandelica (100 and 200 mg/kg) and metformin (250 mg/kg) had induced decreased blood glucose levels significantly (p < 0.05) compared with that of the control group. | [56] | |
B | MeOH | In vivo: castor oil-induced antidiarrhoeal activity | The extract considerably reduced the number of diarrhoeal episodes compared to control animals. The bark extract of L. coromandelica at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of 68.86% in the number of faecal episodes, compared to the antidiarrheal drug, loperamide which has 89, 14% protection. | [69] | |
L | MeOH | In vivo: aspirin-induced antiulcer activity | The test was performed on albino rats weighing between 150 and 200 g, using an aqueous suspension of aspirin at a dose of 200 mg/kg orally for 8 days. The result was a significant decrease in the ulcer index, with the percentage of gastric protection of 17.3% (standard), 78.29% (positive control), 30.57% (low dose), and 62.76% (high dose), and a significant reduction in the volume of gastric juice and acidity and increase in pH. | [91] | |
B | MeOH | In vitro: antibacterial activity | Methanolic extract of L. coromandelica revealed a significant moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli; there was no activity against Shigella boydii, however, there was a greater zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli (inhibition zone of 15.59 ± 0.22 mm), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. | [69] | |
B | EtOH | In vivo: thioacetamide-induced hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity in rats | Hepatotoxicity was induced by thiocetamide 100 mg/kg subcutaneously in male Wistar rats, causing marked changes in serum AST, ALT, ALP, and serum bilirubin and reduced serum concentration of total proteins, albumin, sodium, and potassium compared to those in the control (p < 0.05). The results showed that the hydroalcoholic extracts of the bark of L. coromandelica used at a higher dose (400 mg/kg) reduced AST ((138 ± 5.1) IU/L) to the maximum ((71 ± 5.1) IU/L), ALT ((71 ± 2.7) IU/L), ALP ((140 ± 1.9) IU/L), and serum levels of bilirubin, cholesterol, sugar, and LDH. | [72] | |
L | EtOH | In vivo: antidiabetic activity in rats induced by alloxan | The ethanolic extract of L. coromandelica (100 to 200 mg/kg) reduced the glucose level (123 ± 2.2 and 115 ± 2.6, respectively) both in diabetic animals and in those induced with alloxan when compared to normal animals (74 ± 1.7 and 70 ± 1.4). | [92] | |
R | EtOH | In vitro: antioxidant activity | The crude extract of ethyl acetate at concentrations 200; 100; 50; 25; 12.5; and 6.25 µg/mL, in 3 mL of methanolic DPPH solution. Ascorbic acid was used as a positive control. The compound isolated from the extract (citrinin) showed moderate antioxidant activity (AAI 0.671 and IC50 145.9 ppm). | [93] | |
Wp | EtOAc | Antimicrobial activity agar diffusion method | The antimicrobial activity demonstrated that the isolated compound was not active against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC: 1000 μg/mL). | [93] | |
Lannea edulis | Wp | H2O | In vitro: mutagenicity test | The mutagenicity test was performed using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97a, TA98, and TA100, and marginal-type displacement mutations (marginal mutagenicity) were observed in the TA97a strain. | [73] |
L | H2O | Antidiabetic activity by alloxan induction method | Daily dosing of L. edulis resulted in significant reductions in blood glucose levels compared to those in the diabetic control from day 3; only the 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg L. edulis diabetic positive control groups had significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean blood glucose levels. The 100 mg/kg diabetic positive control group kg of L. edulis showed significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to diabetic control group from day 5. | [75] | |
H2O | In vitro: cytotoxic activity | The cytotoxic effect of aqueous extracts was evaluated on U937, MeWo, and Vero cell lines tested. L. edulis at the highest tested concentration was seen to be significantly toxic (p = 0.007). L. edulis (p < 0.007) showed a similar toxic effect in the MeWo and Vero cell lines. | [94] | ||
Wp | H2O | In vitro: anti-inflammatory activity | The anti-inflammatory potential of the extract was evaluated on RAW 264.7 cells, and there was no anti-inflammatory activity observed for the plants tested. However, in the absence of LPS stimulation, there was an increase of NO production, indicating that the extracts might have pro-inflammatory properties. | [94] | |
Lannea humilis | B | MeOH | In vitro: antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP methods | DPPH = 9.3 (EC50 µg/mL); FRAP = 19.77 (mM FeSO4 equivalent/mg sample). | [53] |
Stem bark | MeOH | In vitro: antioxidant activity by DPPH method | The antioxidant activity of plant extracts demonstrated dose-dependent behaviour. The ethyl acetate extract displayed the most noteworthy antioxidant activity of 98% at 240 µg/mL, followed by the hexane extract with antioxidant activity of 92% at 240 µg/mL. Methanol extract showed antioxidant activity of 71% at 240 µg/mL. | [95] | |
Lannea nigritana | R | H2O | In vitro: proportional method for MIC determination | Leaf decoction showed activity on 7 M. ulcerans strains and isolates with mean MIC values of 40 μg/mL. | [63] |
StB | EtOH | In vitro: cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract by the HeLa method | Extracts can be classified as being of low cytotoxicity, showing less than 40% activity at 500 µg/mL. | [96] | |
Lannea rivae | B | DCM/MeOH | In vivo: anti-inflammatory activity by method paw oedema in Wistar rats | Extract of L. rivae roots and epicatechin gallate and (4R, 6S)-4,6-dihydroxy-6-((Z)-nonadec14’-en-1-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1 -one at 200 mg/kg using Indomethacin as the standard showed anti-inflammatory activity; both the extract and the 2 compounds moderately inhibited the oedema induced by carrageenan, however, none of them reached the level of inhibition of the Indomethacin standard. | [36] |
R | DCM/MeOH | In vitro: antibacterial activity | The new compounds isolated (4R,6S)-4,6-dihydroxy-6-((Z)-nonadec-14′-en-1-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one and (2S*,4R*,5S*)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-2-((Z)-nonadec-14′-en-1-yl)cyclohexanone were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Compound 1, taraxerol, β-sitosterol, taraxerone, and lupeol showed moderate activity against E. coli (56.64% inhibition), while only compound 2 and β-sitosterol showed activity against S. aureus (43.56%). | [36] | |
R, St | Hx, DCM, EtOAc, MeOH | In vitro: antibacterial activity of selected compounds | The hexane extracts of L. rivae exhibited intermediate antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, while the DCM extracts showed intermediate activity against both Gram-positive bacteria E. faecalis and S. aureus, but no activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The EtOAc and MeOH extracts demonstrated a broader spectrum of activity, with better activity being observed with the Gram-positive bacteria. | [46] | |
Lannea schimperi | Ap | EtOH | In vivo: effect of ethanolic extract on ethanol/HCl-induced gastric ulcers in rats | Doses of ethanolic extract of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg were tested in rats against gastric ulcer induced by ethanol-HCl and the effects were compared to those of pantoprazole 40 mg; after removal and analysis of the stomach, it was found that the ethanolic extract of L. schimperi showed an average protection of 81.7% compared to 87.5% for the drug pantoprazole. | [55] |
L | MeOH | In vitro: anticoccidial activity in Eimeria tenella oocysts | This activity was carried out using oocysts isolated from infected chicks, and three doses of methanolic extract of L. schimperi leaves were used, 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL. Anticoccidial activity was determined by counting lysed and non-sporulated oocysts and sporulated oocysts. The extract dose at 100 mg/mL exhibited 98% higher anticoccidial activity and an inhibition of 97.92%. Doses 25 and 50 mg/mL of extract showed activities and inhibitions against non-sporulated oocysts of E. tenella of 68% and 89% and 66.65 and 88.5, respectively. | [37] | |
R, St | MeOH, H2O | In vitro: cytotoxic activity colorimetric test | MTT was used to measure all growth and cellular chemosensitivity. The samples were prepared for a stock solution of 20 mg/mL in 100% DMSO, and emetine was used as a positive control. The 5-[alkenyl]-4,5-dihydroxycyclohex-2-enone mixture (1a-d) exhibited good in vitro cytotoxicity against the Chinese Hamster Ovarian mammalian cell line. | [97] | |
MeOH | MeOH | In vivo: anti-inflammatory activity | The test was carried out using the egg albumin induction method in rats. Tested doses were 12 and 24 mg/kg, and acetylsalicylic acid 80 mg was used as standard. The anti-inflammatory response was significant (p< 0.05); however, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the extract-treated groups and the standard drug-treated group (positive control). | [98] | |
Lannea schweinfurthii | Wp | Hx, MeOH, EtOAc | In vitro: antibacterial and antifungal activity | The extracts were tested against S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Measured inhibition zone showed significant differences: 7 mm hexane extract (α = 0.05); methanolic and ethyl acetate showed high activity (13 mm inhibition and above). Both extracts showed moderate activity, with inhibition between 7 and 14 mm against bacteria and fungi. | [77] |
R | EtOAc | In vitro: ACHE inhibitory activity | The ethyl acetate extract of L. schweinfurthii showed an IC50 value higher than that of galanthamine (standard) 0.00053 mg/mL. The extract has ACHE inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 0.0030 ± 0.000 mg/mL. | [78] | |
R | Hx | In vitro: antibacterial activity | The extract was active against Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium with10 mm zone of inhibition. | [31] | |
R, St | MeOH | In vitro: antibacterial activity | Active against Salmonella typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus with zone of inhibition ranging from 8 mm to 15 mm. | [31] | |
B | MeOH | In vitro: anti-HIV-2 activity | The methanolic extract of the stem bark of L. Schweinfurthii was active against HIV type 2, with IC50 values < 10 µg/mL and 9.9 µg/mL against HIV-1, respectively. | [99] | |
Lannea velutina | R B | MeOH, EtOH | In vitro: DPPH radical scavenging activities and 15-LOX inhibition | The concentrations of extracts and fractions that provide 50% radical scavenging are (12 ± 2 and 17 ± 2) and 50% enzyme inhibition (14 ± 1 and 18 ± 2), respectively; scavenging activity and inhibitory effect were statistically very significant; p < 0.001. | [74] |
R B | EtOH:H2O | In vitro: antioxidant activity DPPH method | 50% radical scavenging, at concentrations of 5–7 micrograms/mL, and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors (50% inhibition at 10–18 micrograms/mL). L. velutina extract possessed a weak DPPH radical scavenging action. | [40] | |
Wp | EtOH, DCM, MeOH, H2O | In vitro. Antimicrobial activity tested on mosquito larvae; molluscicidal activity with molluscs | Positive results were obtained for antioxidant activity (methanolic extracts of bark and roots), antifungal activity (dichloromethane extract active against Candida albicans and Cladosporium cucumerinum); larvicidal activity against the malarial mosquito Anopheles gambiae (dichloromethane extract of bark and methanolic extract of leaves); and molluscicidal activity directed at the snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi, transmitter of schistosiasis. The ethanol extract of the bark showed greater antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium (Gram-negative). | [57,100] | |
R B, StB | EtOH, MeOH, H2O | In vitro: antioxidant activity by DPPH method | Petroleum ether, chloroform, and dichloromethane extracts are inactive as DPPH radical scavengers; the aqueous extract had moderate activity while the methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of root bark and stem bark were very active. | [57] | |
B | EtOH | In vitro: antioxidant activity by DPPH method | For the test on the free radical potential on the radical DPPH, o L. velutina, which showed a percentage inhibition of 52.8125 ± 2.16% lower than that of the gallic acid, was used as reference substance. | [79] | |
B | EtOH | In vitro: antimicrobial activity by inhibition method | Shigella dysenteria, S. aureus were sensitive to Lannea velutina extracts with inhibition diameters of 10 mm; Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were also sensitive to the extract with 8 mm and Salmonella thyphi with 7 millimetres. | [79] | |
L | Hx, EtOAc, DCM, MeOH, H2O | In vitro: antioxidant activity by DPPH method | The L. velutina leaf methanol extract showed IC50 15.42 g/mL. | [80] | |
L | Hx, EtOAc, DCM, MeOH, H2O | In vivo: acute toxicity | The acute oral toxicity test of ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts on mice exhibit a lethal dose (LD50) estimated to be higher than 2000 mg/kg body weight. | [80] | |
Lannea welwitschii | B | H2O | In vivo: anti-diarrhoeal activity in mice | Bark aqueous extract (50–400 mg/kg) caused a significant delay (p < 0.05) in the onset of profuse diarrhoea, decreased purging frequency, wet stool weight, and diarrhoea severity. Oral administration of castor oil produced an intestinal fluid volume of 2.33 ± 0.17 mL; Lw bark aqueous extract at 400 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) reduced intestinal fluid volume to 1.40 ± 0.25. | [60] |
B | H2O | In vivo: anti-diarrhoeal activity in mice | The acute toxicity tests carried out showed a well-tolerated effect of the drug via oral route, a dose of 20 g/kg produced no death in the animals. LD50 was estimated to be 631 mg/kg. | [82] | |
L | MeOH | In vivo: analgesic activity | In doses of 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg, L. welwitschii extract caused a significant increase (p < 0.0001) in the mean reaction time of treated mice (49.67 ± 2.18%, 63.20 ± 2.54%, and 59.42 ± 0.84%) respectively compared to the control group, while the total analgesic effect (AUC) was significant (p < 0.0001) and the dose-dependent increase was to 159.20 ± 19.65, 202.30 ± 12.44 and 228.8 ± 11.29, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the analgesia produced with 100 mg/kg aspirin. | [60] | |
L | MeOH | In vitro: antioxidant activity by DPPH method | MeOH extract showed antioxidant activity with IC50 81.8 µg mL−1 compared to α-tocopherol 1.5 µg/mL. | [81] | |
L | MeOH | In vitro: antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion and microdilution methods | The extract showed activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and some strains of Escherichia coli resistant to pefloxacin. The methanolic extract of L. welwitschii showed MICs of 5, 10, 5, 2.5, and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively, against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. subtilis compared to Ciprofloxacin which was 0.025; 0.055; 0.025; 0.02 mg/mL while the MICs of methanolic leaf extract and clotrimazole against C. albicans were 2.5 and 0.025 mg/mL, respectively. | [60] | |
StB | EtOH:H2O | In vivo: anti-inflammatory activity by method carrageenan-induced paw oedema | The L. welwitschii extract was administered at doses of 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg. The 200 mg/kg dose had an inhibition of 14.49 ± 2.43% compared to the control, while the total oedema induced over 6 h was 37.19 ± 4.38% The maximum inhibitory effects were seen with 400 mg/kg dose. | [60] | |
Wp | DCM, MeOH | In vitro: antioxidant activity by spectrophotometric methodology | The antioxidant activity of identified Compound 4 (IC50 18.6 ± 4.5 µg/mL) and 2 (IC50 20.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL) showed better activity than the controls, ascorbic acid (IC50 23.17 ± 2.02), and quercetin (IC50 31.67 ± 2.88 µg/mL) | [42] |
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- WHO. 2023. Available online: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000020561 (accessed on 27 February 2023).
- Santos, C.C.; Borba, E.L.; Queiroz, L.P. A família Anacardiaceae no semi-árido do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Sitientibus Série Ciências Biológicas 2008, 8, 189–219. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jahurul, M.H.; Zaidul, I.S.; Ghafoor, K.; Al-Juhaimi, F.Y.; Nyam, K.L.; Norulaini, N.A.; Sahena, F.; Omar, A.M. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) by-products and their valuable components: A review. Food Chem. 2015, 183, 173–180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Catarino, L.; Indjai, B. Rvores Florestais da Guiné-Bissau; IBAP: Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, 2019. [Google Scholar]
- Efloras. Lannea in Flore d’Afrique Centrale. Available online: https://www.floredafriquecentrale.be (accessed on 27 February 2023).
- Efloras. Lannea in Flora of China. Available online: http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2 (accessed on 27 February 2023).
- Kew, R.B.G. Plants of the World Online. Available online: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:isid:ipni.org:names:331697-2 (accessed on 27 February 2023).
- Cevallos-Ferriz, S. Leaf architecture of Anacardiaceae. Rev. Mex. Biodivers. 2005, 76, 137–190. [Google Scholar]
- Martinez-Millán, M.; Cevallos-Ferriz, S. Arquitectura foliar de Anacardiaceae. Rev. Mex. Biodiv. 2005, 76, 137–190. [Google Scholar]
- AbdulRahaman, A.A.; Kolawole, O.S.; Oladele, F.A. Leaf epidermal features as taxonomic characters in some Lannea spieces (Anacardiaceae) from Nigeria. Phytol. Balc. 2014, 20, 227–231. [Google Scholar]
- Diniz, M.A.; Martins, E.S.; Gomes, E.; Silva, O. Contribuição para o conhecimento de plantas medicinais da Guiné-Bissau. Port. Acta Biol. 2000, 19, 417–427. [Google Scholar]
- Etuk, E.U.; Ugwah, M.O.; Ajagbonna, O.P.; Onyeyili, P.A. Ethnobotanical survey and preliminary evaluation of medicinal plants with antidiarrhoea properties in sokoto state, nigeria. J. Med. Plant. Res. 2009, 3, 763–766. [Google Scholar]
- Zerbo, P.; Millogo-Rasolodimby, J.; Nacoulma-Ouedraogo, O.G.; Van Damme, P. Plantes médicinales et pratiques médicales au Burkina Faso: Cas des Sanan. Bois Forets Trop. 2011, 307, 41–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Online, W.F. World Flora Online. Available online: https://wfoplantlist.org/taxon/wfo-4000020561-2022-12?page=1 (accessed on 27 February 2023).
- Figueiredo, E.; Smith, G. Common Names of Angolan Plants; Protea Book House: Pretoria, South Africa, 2017; p. 399. [Google Scholar]
- Urso, V.; Signorini, M.A.; Tonini, M.; Bruschi, P. Wild medicinal and food plants used by communities living in MOPANE woodlands of southern angola: Results of an ethnobotanical field investigation. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2016, 177, 126–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Salihu Shinkafi, T.; Bello, L.; Wara Hassan, S.; Ali, S. An ethnobotanical survey of antidiabetic plants used by Hausa-Fulani tribes in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2015, 172, 91–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rahman, L.; Hossain, M.K. Distribution pattern of medicinal tree species in Chunati wildlife sanctuary of Chittagong. J. Trop. Med. Plants 2002, 3, 65–72. [Google Scholar]
- Fern, K. Tropical Plants Database. Available online: https://tropical.theferns.info/ (accessed on 27 February 2023).
- Durand, R.P.J. Les Plantes Bienfaisantes du Ruanda et de l’Urundi. d’Astrida, G.S., Ed.; 1960. Available online: http://www.ethnopharmacologia.org/recherche-dans-prelude/?plant_id=551 (accessed on 27 February 2023).
- Wamucii, S. Lannea Gossweileri–Uses, Benefits & Care. Available online: https://www.selinawamucii.com/plants/anacardiaceae/lannea-gossweileri/#common-names (accessed on 27 February 2023).
- Grade, J.T.; Tabuti, J.R.; Van Damme, P. Ethnoveterinary knowledge in pastoral Karamoja, Uganda. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009, 122, 273–293. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Carrière, M. Plantes de Guinée à L’usage des Éleveurs et des Vétérinaires; CIRAD-EMVT: Montpellier, France, 2000. [Google Scholar]
- Ribeiro, A.; Romeiras, M.M.; Tavares, J.; Faria, M.T. Ethnobotanical survey in Canhane village, district of Massingir, Mozambique: Medicinal plants and traditional knowledge. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 2010, 6, 33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bruschi, P.; Morganti, M.; Mancini, M.; Signorini, M.A. Traditional healers and laypeople: A qualitative and quantitative approach to local knowledge on medicinal plants in Muda (Mozambique). J. Ethnopharmacol. 2011, 138, 543–563. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kerharo, J.; Adam, J.G. Plantes médicinales et toxiques des peul et des toucouleur du sénégal. J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 1964, 11, 384–444. [Google Scholar]
- Lautenschlager, T.; Monizi, M.; Pedro, M.; Mandombe, J.L.; Branquima, M.F.; Heinze, C.; Neinhuis, C. First large-scale ethnobotanical survey in the province of Uige, northern Angola. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 2018, 14, 51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sulaiman, A.N.; Arzai, A.H.; Taura, D.W. Ethnobotanical survey: A comprehensive review of medicinal plants used in treatment of gastro intestinal diseases in Kano state, Nigeria. Phytomed. Plus 2022, 2, 100180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mangla, B.; Kohli, K.; Rabiu, S. Review of medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, extraction methods and toxicology of Lannea microcarpa (African grapes). Curr. Tradit. Med. 2021, 7, 125–137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maroyi, A. Review of Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. Molecules 2019, 24, 732. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bossard, E. La Medecine Traditionnelle au Centre et a l’ouest de l’Angola; Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical: Lisboa, Portugal, 1996. [Google Scholar]
- Adam, J.G.; Echard, N.; Lescot, M. Plantes médicinales Hausa de l’Ader (République du Niger). J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 1972, 19, 259–399. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Adomou, A.C.; Yedomonhan, H.; Djossa, B.; Legba, S.I.; Oumorou, M.; Akoegninou, A. Etude Ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales vendues dans le marché d’Abomey-Calavi au Bénin. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2012, 6, 745–772. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bossard, E. Quelques Notes sur l’ Alimentation et les Apports Nutritionnels Occultes en Angola Garcia de Orta. Sér. Bot. 1996, 13, 7–41. [Google Scholar]
- Yaouba, S.; Koch, A.; Guantai, E.M.; Derese, S.; Irungu, B.; Heydenreich, M.; Yenesew, A. Alkenyl cyclohexanone derivatives from Lannea rivae and Lannea schweinfurthii. Phytochem. Lett. 2018, 23, 141–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mikail, H.; Yusuf, M.; Hussain, G. In vitro anticoccidial activity of methanolic leaves extract of Lannea schimperi against oocysts of Eimeria tenella. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci. 2016, 11, 35–38. [Google Scholar]
- Gathirwa, J.W.; Rukunga, G.M.; Mwitari, P.G.; Mwikwabe, N.M.; Kimani, C.W.; Muthaura, C.N.; Kiboi, D.M.; Nyangacha, R.M.; Omar, S.A. Traditional herbal antimalarial therapy in kilifi district, kenya. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2011, 134, 434–442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ngbolua, K.; Bongo, G.; Ashande, M. Ethno-botanical survey and ecological study of plants resources used in Folk medicine to treat symptoms of Tuberculosis in Kinshasa City, Democratic Republic of the Congo. J. Modern Drug Discov. Drug Deliv. Res. 2014, 1, 2348–3776. [Google Scholar]
- Ouattara, L.; Koudou, J.; Zongo, C.; Barro, N.; Savadogo, A.; Bassole, I.H.N.; Ouattara, A.S.; Traore, A.S. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three species of Lannea from Burkina Faso. J. Appl. Sci. 2011, 11, 157–162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Muhaisen, H.M.H. Chemical constituents from the bark of Lannea acida (Anacardiaceae). Pharma Chem. 2013, 5, 88–96. [Google Scholar]
- Kouamé, J.M.; Yao-Kouassi, A.P.; Alabdul, M.A.; Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, L. A new sulfonyl glucoside eugenol and antioxidant phenolic compounds from Lannea acida and Lannea welwitschii. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci. 2022, 9, 31–36. [Google Scholar]
- Olusegun, O.A.; Isaiah, O.O.; Samson, A.O.; Olufunmi, O.A. Characterization and evaluations for antioxidant properties of flavonoids from Lannea acida extract. Medrech 2020, 7, 287–296. [Google Scholar]
- Saraux, N.; Bruna, L.; Ebrahimi, S.N.; Karimou, S.; Christen, P.; Cuendet, M. Antiproliferative activity of compounds isolated from the root bark of Lannea acida in multiple myeloma cell lines. Phytochemistry 2023, 209, 113641. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kashyap, R.; Pachwarya, R.B.; Hidaya, E.N.; Meena, P.K.; Sharma, R. Constitution and synthetic study of a flavanone Lannea acida pigment A. Heterocycl. Lett. 2022, 12, 321–328. [Google Scholar]
- Okoth, A.D. Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Products from Lannea alata, Lannea rivae, Lannea schimperi and Lannea schweinfurthii (Anacardiaceae). Doctoral Dissertation, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Okoth, D.A.; Chenia, H.Y.; Koorbanally, N.A. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of flavonoids from Lannea alata (Engl.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae). Phytochem. Lett. 2013, 6, 476–481. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mbaoji, F.N.; Nweze, J.A. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of active fractions of Lannea barteri Oliv. (Anarcadiaceae) in rats. Heliyon 2020, 6, e04099. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yun, X.-J.; Shu, H.-M.; Chen, G.-Y.; Ji, M.-H.; Ding, J.-Y. Chemical constituents from barks of Lannea coromandelica. Chin. Herb. Med. 2014, 6, 65–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Islam, T.; Tahara, S. Dihydrofavonols from Lannea coromandelica. Phytochemistry 2000, 54, 901–907. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anderson, D.M.W.; Hendrie, A. The structure of Lannea coromandelica gum. Carbohydr. Res. 1973, 26, 105–115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Queiroz, E.F.; Kuhl, C.; Terreaux, C.; Mavi, S.; Hostettmann, K. New dihydroalkylhexenones from Lannea edulis. J. Nat. Prod. 2003, 66, 578–580. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sobeh, M.; Mahmoud, M.F.; Hasan, R.A.; Abdelfattah, M.A.O.; Sabry, O.M.; Ghareeb, M.A.; El-Shazly, A.M.; Wink, M. Tannin-rich extracts from Lannea stuhlmannii and Lannea humilis (anacardiaceae) exhibit hepatoprotective activities in vivo via enhancement of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 9343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Okoth, D.A.; Akala, H.M.; Johnson, J.D.; Koorbanally, N.A. Alkyl phenols, alkenyl cyclohexenones and other phytochemical constituents from Lannea rivae (chiov) Sacleux (Anacardiaceae) and their bioactivity. Med. Chem. Res. 2016, 25, 690–703. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haule, E.E.; Moshi, M.J.; Nondo, R.S.; Mwangomo, D.T.; Mahunnah, L. A study of antimicrobial activity, acute toxicity and cytoprotective effect of a polyherbal extract in a rat ethanol-HCl gastric ulcer model. BMC Res. Notes 2012, 5, 546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nguemo, R.T.; Mbouangouere, R.; Bitchagno, G.T.M.; Tchuenguem, R.; Temgoua, E.V.N.; Ndontsa, B.L.; Mpetga, J.S.; Opatz, T.; Ngouela, A.S.; Tane, P. A new ceramide from the leaves of Lannea schimperi (hochst. Ex a.Rich.) engl. Nat. Prod. Res. 2022, 36, 515–522. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Malterud, K.E. Ethnopharmacology, chemistry and biological properties of four malian medicinal plants. Plants 2017, 6, 11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Malu, Q.; Lima, K.; Malmir, M.; Pinto, R.; da Silva, I.M.; Catarino, L.; Duarte, M.P.; Serrano, R.; Rocha, J.; Lima, B.S.; et al. Contribution to the preclinical safety assessment of Lannea velutina and sorindeia juglandifolia leaves. Plants 2022, 12, 130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bouare, S.; Traore, N.; Sidibe, L.; Fofana, B.; Chalard, P.; Figueredo, G.; Chalchat, J.C. Composition chimique de l’huile essentielle des fleurs de Lannea velutina (Anacardiaceae) du Mali. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2013, 6, 2274–2279. [Google Scholar]
- Osafo, N.; Boakye, Y.D. A review: Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. J. Adv. Med. Pharm. Sci. 2017, 11, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Owusu, G.; Ofori-Amoah, J. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of an aqueous extract of Lannea acida Stem Bark. Br. J. Pharm. Res. 2017, 16, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ouattara, L.; Koudou, J.; Karou, D.S.; Giacò, L.; Capelli, G.; Simpore, J.; Fraziano, M.; Colizzi, V.; Traore, A.S. In vitro Anti Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv activity of Lannea acida A. Rich. Freom burkina faso. Pak. J. Biol. Sci 2011, 14, 47–52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tsouh Fokou, P.V.; Nyarko, A.K.; Appiah-Opong, R.; Tchokouaha Yamthe, L.R.; Ofosuhene, M.; Boyom, F.F. Update on medicinal plants with potency on Mycobacterium ulcerans. BioMed Res. Int. 2015, 2015, 917086. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kone, W.M.; Atindehou, K.K.; Terreaux, C.; Hostettmann, K.; Traore, D.; Dosso, M. Traditional medicine in north Cote-d’Ivoire: Screening of 50 medicinal plants for antibacterial activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 93, 43–49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Koné, M.W.; Dramane, S.; Dro, B.; Yao, K. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of Lannea barteri (Anacardiaceae). Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 2011, 5, 1516–1523. [Google Scholar]
- Adegoke, S.A.; Agada, F.D.; Ogundipe, L.O. Antibacterial activity of methanol and ethanol leaf extracts of Antidesma venosum and Lannea barteri. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 2013, 7, 3442–3447. [Google Scholar]
- Njinga, N.S.; Sule, M.I.; Pateh, U.U.; Hassan, H.S.; Ahmad, M.M.; Abdullahi, S.T.; Danja, B.A.; Bawa, B. Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Lannea kerstingii engl & krause (anacardiaceae). Nitte Univ. J. Health Sci. 2014, 4, 4–9. [Google Scholar]
- Reddy, A.K.; Joy, J.M.; Kumara, C.K.A. Lannea coromandelica: The researcher’s tree. J. Pharm. Res. 2011, 4, 577–579. [Google Scholar]
- Majumder, R.; Alam, B. Antidiarrheal activity of Lannea coromandelica Linn. Bark Extract. Am. Eurasian J. Sci. Res. 2013, 8, 128–134. [Google Scholar]
- Kaur, R.; Jaiswal, M.L.; Jain, V. Protective effect of Lannea coromandelica Houtt. Merrill. against three common pathogens. J. Ayurveda. Integr. Med. 2013, 4, 224–228. [Google Scholar]
- Syamsurya, S.; Ahmad, A.; Firdau, F. Potential of methanol extracts the stem bark Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) merr. against Staphylococcus aureus and analysis of the main secondary metabolites. Indo. J. Chem. Res. 2016, 4, 362–366. [Google Scholar]
- Rao, V.S.; Einstein, J.W.; Das, K. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Lannea coromandelica Linn. On thioacetamide induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Int. Lett. Nat. Sci. 2014, 3, 30–43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sohni, Y.R.; Davis, C.L.; Deschamps, A.B.; Kale, P.G. Frameshift mutations in salmonella induced by the extracts of medicinal herbs Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. And monotes glaber sprague. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 1995, 25, 77–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maiga, A.; Malterud, K.E.; Diallo, D.; Paulsen, B.S. Antioxidant and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory activities of the Malian medicinal plants Diospyros abyssinica (Hiern) F. White (Ebenaceae), Lannea velutina A. Rich (anacardiaceae) and Crossopteryx febrifuga (afzel) Benth. (Rubiaceae). J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006, 104, 132–137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Banda, M.; Nyirenda, J.; Muzandu, K.; Sijumbila, G.; Mudenda, S. Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous extracts of Lannea edulis in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Front. Pharmacol. 2018, 9, 1099. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mohammed, B.R.; Mikail, H. Effects of methanolic leaf extract of Lannea schimperi on some organs histopathology in experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husb. 2019, 6, 602. [Google Scholar]
- Wamuyu, K.R.; Machocho, A.K.; Wafula, A.W. Antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. Asian J. Trop. Biotechnol. 2020, 17, 1–13. [Google Scholar]
- Adewusi, E.A.; Steenkamp, V. In vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from southern Africa. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2011, 4, 829–835. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hilou, A.; Nikiema, M.; Guenne, S.; N’do, J.Y.-p.; Pare, D. Phytochemical study and biological activities of two medicinal plants used in burkina faso: Lannea velutina a. Rich (Anacardiaceae) and Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae). Asian J. Chem. Sci. 2019, 6, 1–9. [Google Scholar]
- Kabore, B.; Koala, M.; Belemnaba, L.; Nitiema, M. High-performance thin-layer chromatography phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activities, and acute toxicity of leaves extracts of Lannea velutina a. Rich. J. Med. Chem. Sci. 2023, 6, 410–423. [Google Scholar]
- Agyare, C.; Bempah, S.B.; Boakye, Y.D.; Ayande, P.G.; Adarkwa-Yiadom, M.; Mensah, K.B. Evaluation of antimicrobial and wound healing potential of Justicia flava and Lannea welwitschii. J. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2013, 2013, 632927. [Google Scholar]
- Olatokunboh, A.O.; Mofomosara, S.H.; Ekene, O.A. Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal effect of Lannea welwitschii Hiern (Anacardiaceae) bark extract. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2010, 4, 165–169. [Google Scholar]
- Tetsatsi, A.C.M.; Nkeng-Effouet, P.A.; Alumeti, D.M.; Bonsou, G.R.F.; Kamanyi, A.; Watcho, P. Colibri(r) insecticide induces male reproductive toxicity: Alleviating effects of Lannea acida (Anacardiaceae) in rats. Basic Clin. Androl. 2019, 29, 16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oumarou, M.R.; Zingue, S.; Bakam, B.Y.; Ateba, S.B.; Foyet, S.H.; Mbakop, F.T.T.; Njamen, D. Lannea acida a. Rich. (Anacardiaceae) ethanol extract exhibits estrogenic effects and prevents bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis. J. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med 2017, 2017, 7829059. [Google Scholar]
- Oladipo, A.D.; Edet, S.E.; Akala, A.O.; Bolaji, O.W.; Ihediuche, C.I.; Olatunji, O.A. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of Lannea acida (A. Rich) stem bark extract. J. Adv. Biol. Biotechnol. 2020, 23, 21–26. [Google Scholar]
- Mbaoji, F.N.; Behnisch-Cornwell, S.; Ezike, A.C.; Nworu, C.S.; Bednarski, P.J. Pharmacological evaluation of the anticancer activity of extracts and fractions of Lannea barteri Oliv. (Anacardiaceae) on adherent human cancer cell lines. Molecules 2020, 25, 849. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kumar, T.; Jain, V. Appraisal of total phenol, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential of folkloric Lannea coromandelica using in vitro and in vivo assays. Scientifica 2015, 2015, 203679. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Singh, S.; Singh, G.B. Hypotensive activity of Lannea coromandelica bark extract. Phytother. Res. 1996, 10, 429–430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baisya, O. Preclinical evaluation of hydro-alcoholic extract of Lannea coromandelica leaves for anti-ulcer activity on albino wistar rat. Int. J. Biol. Pharm. Allied Sci. 2022, 11, 5759–5768. [Google Scholar]
- Islam, F.; Mitra, S.; Nafady, M.H.; Rahman, M.T.; Tirth, V.; Akter, A.; Emran, T.B.; Mohamed, A.A.; Algahtani, A.; El-Kholy, S.S. Neuropharmacological and antidiabetic potential of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) merr. Leaves extract: An experimental analysis. J. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2022, 2022, 6144733. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Priya, N.S.; Aruna, M.S.; Tony, D.E.; NAdendla, R.R. Pharmacological evaluation of extract of Lannea coromandelica (Linn) for its antiulcer activity in rodents. Sch. Acad. J. Pharm. 2015, 4, 217–221. [Google Scholar]
- Allenki, V.; Vasantha, G. Antidiabetic activity of Lannea coromandelica Houtt. leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci. 2014, 4, 108–114. [Google Scholar]
- Amelia, P.; Ivada, P.; Fitriana, N.; Komala, I.; Bahri, S.; Hanafi, M. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi isolated from Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) merr. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2021, 12, 1588–1592. [Google Scholar]
- Sigidi, M.T.; Anokwuru, C.P.; Zininga, T.; Tshisikhawe; Shonai, A.; Ramaite, I.D.I.; Traoré, A.N.; Potgieter, N. Comparative in vitro cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbiological activities of two indigenous venda medicinal plants. Transl. Med. Commun. 2016, 1, 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Achika, J. Chemical investigation and antioxidant activity of fractions of Lannea humilis (Oliv.) Engl. J. Turk. Chem. Soc. 2017, 4, 563–572. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sowemimo, A.; Van de Venter, M.; Baatjies, L.; Koekemoer, T. Cytotoxic activity of selected Nigerian plants. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 2009, 6, 526–528. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Okoth, D.A.; Koorbanally, N.A. Cardanols, long chain cyclohexenones and cyclohexenols from Lannea schimperi (Anacardiaceae). Nat. Prod. Commun. 2014, 10, 103–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Egbe, E.O.; Akumka, D.D.; Adamu, M.; Mikail, H. Phytochemistry, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actvities of methanolic leaves extract of Lannea schimperi (hoschst. Ex rich) eng. Recent Pat. Biotechnol. 2016, 9, 145–152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maregesi, S.; Van Miert, S.; Pannecouque, C.; Feiz Haddad, M.H.; Hermans, N.; Wright, C.W.; Vlietinck, A.J.; Apers, S.; Pieters, L. Screening of tanzanian medicinal plants against plasmodium falciparum and human immunodeficiency virus. Planta Med. 2010, 76, 195–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Diallo, D.; Marston, A.; Terreaux, C.; Touré, Y.; Paulsen, B.S.; Hostettmann, K. Screening of Malian medicinal plants for antifungal, larvicidal, molluscicidal, antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. Phytother. Res. 2001, 15, 401–406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hemshekhar, M.; Sebastin Santhosh, M.; Kemparaju, K.; Girish, K.S. Emerging roles of anacardic acid and its derivatives: A pharmacological overview. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2012, 110, 122–132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gomes Junior, A.L.; Islam, M.T.; Nicolau, L.A.D.; de Souza, L.K.M.; Araujo, T.S.L.; Lopes de Oliveira, G.A.; de Melo Nogueira, K.; da Silva Lopes, L.; Medeiros, J.R.; Mubarak, M.S.; et al. Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant properties of anacardic acid in experimental models. ACS Omega 2020, 5, 19506–19515. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, D.; Hu, M.J.; Wang, Y.Q.; Cui, Y.L. Antioxidant activities of quercetin and its complexes for medicinal application. Molecules 2019, 24, 1123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hirai, I.; Okuno, M.; Katsuma, R.; Arita, N.; Tachibana, M.; Yamamoto, Y. Characterisation of anti-staphylococcus aureus activity of quercetin. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2010, 45, 1250–1254. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, D.; Wang, T.; Long, M.; Li, P. Quercetin: Its main pharmacological activity and potential application in clinical medicine. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2020, 2020, 8825387. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Semwal, D.K.; Semwal, R.B.; Combrinck, S.; Viljoen, A. Myricetin: A dietary molecule with diverse biological activities. Nutrients 2016, 8, 90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Khan, Z.; Nath, N.; Rauf, A.; Emran, T.B.; Mitra, S.; Islam, F.; Chandran, D.; Barua, J.; Khandaker, M.U.; Idris, A.M.; et al. Multifunctional roles and pharmacological potential of beta-sitosterol: Emerging evidence toward clinical applications. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2022, 365, 110117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gallo, M.; Sarachine, M. Biological activities of Lupeol. Int. J. Biomed. Pharm. 2009, 3, 46–66. [Google Scholar]
Lannea acida A.Rich. | Lannea humilis (Oliv.) Engl. |
Lannea acuminata Engl. | Lannea katangensis Van der Veken |
Lannea alata (Engl.) Engl. | Lannea ledermannii Engl. |
Lannea ambacensis (Hiern) Engl. | Lannea malifolia (Chiov.) Sacleux |
Lannea angolensis R. Fern. & Mendes | Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K.Krause |
Lannea antiscorbutica (Hiern) Engl. | Lannea nigritana (Scott Elliot) Keay |
Lannea asymmetrica R.E.Fr. | Lannea obovata (Hook.f. ex Oliv.) Engl. |
Lannea barteri (Oliv.) Engl. | Lannea rivae (Chiov.) Sacleux |
Lannea chevalieri Engl. | Lannea rubra (Hiern) Engl. |
Lannea cinerascens Engl. | Lannea schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl. |
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. | Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. |
Lannea cotoneaster (Chiov.) Sacleux | Lannea tibatensis Engl. |
Lannea discolor (Sond.) Engl. | Lannea transulta (Balf.f.) Radcl. Sm. |
Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. | Lannea triphylla (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl. |
Lannea fruticosa (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Engl. | Lannea velutina A.Rich. |
Lannea fulva (Engl.) Engl. | Lannea virgata R.Fern. & A.Fern. |
Lannea glabrescens Engl. | Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. |
Lannea gossweileri Exell & Mendonça | Lannea zastrowiana Engl. & Brehmer |
Species, (Synonyms) | Country | Vernacular Name (Ethnic Group) |
---|---|---|
Lannea acida (Odina acida (A. Rich.) Oliv; Calesiam acidum (A.Rich.) Kuntze; Lannea glaucescens Engl.; Lannea lagdoensis (Engl. & K.Krause) Mildbr.; Sorindeia lagdoensis Engl. & K. Krause) [4,13,14] | Benin | Tchemou (ta-kamba), yoronou (bariba), wansawatchemou (waama), zouzou (fon, goum) |
Burkina Faso | Bembé (bambara), ébruhé, ébruké (attié), kondro (baoulé), sambagha, santuluga (mossi), siribu, sisubu (dagari), véké (senoufo) | |
Ivory Coast | Béssomo (malinke), sinsàbgà (dagomba) | |
Ghana | Gbentore (wale); manvora, vaaworo (lobi) | |
Guinea-Bissau | Bembedja, bembem-hei, tchingole (fula); bémbô, irimusso (mandinga); betôlôdje (pepel); dôto (balanta); mantede (criolo); ututene (felupe do Senegal) | |
Guinea-Conakry | Bembe nougou (malinké); tiouko, yiouko tioli, thionlli, touko (poular) | |
Mali | Bembé (bambara); sìnsàbgà (dagomba); tinyoli (peuhl) | |
Niger | Faru, tamarza (zarma) | |
Nigeria | Faru (hausa) | |
Senegal | Bembô (socé); bembéy (firdou, fouladou); tinoli (peul, tocolor); tuko (peul fouta–djalon) | |
Togo | Eberg (gurmantché); gbednatun (moba); kisan, kizan (kabiyé); otchowé (akassélem) | |
Lannea alata (Calesiam alatum Engl.; Lannea minimifolia (Chiov.) Cufod.; Odina minimifolia Chiov.) [15] | Kenya | Borana (wanreh); kumude (bejelo); samburu (mushiga); ngariso tharaka (mituungu) |
Lannea ambacensis [16] | Angola | Mukumbu kakumbi, mucumbi, mukumbi, mungongolua, ngonjila, umbi |
Lannea angolensis [17] | Angola | Bulukutu, omunthiwi (kikongo) |
Lannea barteri (Calesiam barteri Kuntze; Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause; Odina barteri Oliv; Lannea kertínger Engl. & K. Krause.) [18] | Benin | Zuzugoto (fon) |
Camaroon | Sorihi (fulfuldé) | |
Guinea-Conakry | Tiuko (aub, fula-fulaar) | |
Ivory Coast | Baule kondro, bembe, dinbé, peku (manding-maninka) | |
Mali | Bembe, dagaari sisibigolo, sussuguté hausanamisinfara, moore sambituliga, sabagha (aub, begue) | |
Nigeria | Báraá as mudas (bargery); tudi (hausa); faru (fulani, hausa) | |
Sierra Leone | Dalalonke (susu) | |
Togo | Benature, patandĕu, tingbatau (volkens); gurma (manga); met (tshaudjo); aku (yoruba-ife) | |
Lannea coromandelica (Calesiam grande (Dennst.) Kuntze, Dialium coromandelicum Houtt., Haberlia grandis Dennst., Odina gummifera Blume; Odina pinnata Rottler) [19,20] | Bangladesh | Bhadi, bohar, ghadi, jail, jial bhandi, jiga, jigor, jiol, jir, jival, kasmala, lohar (-) |
India | Annakara, dang paguel-kung, doka, doke, dumpidi, genjan, geru, ginyan, godda, gojal, gumpina, gumpini, jhingan, jingni, Jhingangummi, kalasan, kalayam, kamlai, kashmala, kekat, kiamil, ligna, magir, mohin, moi, mowen, moye, moyen, moyna, nanam, oddi, shimti, udi, uthi, vaddi, oti, ajasrngi (-) | |
Myanmar | Maing (-) | |
Nepal | Thulo dabdabe (halonre) | |
Pakistan | Kembal (-) | |
Lannea edulis (Lannea nana Engl; Odina edulis Sond; Calesiam edule Kuntze.) [20,21] | South Africa | Mutsambatsi (siswati); phepo (setswa-na); umtfokolovu, umgabunkhomo (isizulu); wildedruif (afrikaans) |
Angola | Ngongolua, omungongolua (nyaneka); ngongwila, ungongwila (umubumbu) | |
Burundi | Umutabataba (kirundi) | |
Kenya | Masungubale (marachi) | |
Rwanda | Imbatabata, umutabataba (kinyarwanda) | |
Tanza-nia/Uganda | Lihambalimwe (kihehe); makavumba, navakumba (mbozi), mvumvu mkubwa (zaramo, tanzania), nekote (karamojong, ouganda), unahavumba (nyika) | |
Zimbabwe | Mutsambatsi (shona) | |
Lannea gossweileri [22] | Angola | African walnut, Gossweileri ash, Gossweileri false ash, Gossweileri Lannea |
Lannea humilis (Commiphora taborensis Engl.; Lannea bagir-mensis Engl.; Lannea tomentosa (Engl.) Engl.; Odina humilis Oliv.; Odina tomentosa Engl.; Tapirira humilis (Oliv.) Marchand.; Calesiam humile (Oliv.) Kuntze Calesiam tomentosum Engl.) [23] | Nigeria | Kerwúlú, paàruú |
Senegal | Ard a koy, habugan, béluki, ngonaro | |
Uganda | Etopojo (ngakarimojong) | |
Lannea nigritana (Lannea afzelii Engl.; Lannea grossularia A. Chev.; Odina nigritana S. Elliot; Lannea glaberrima Engl. & K. Krause; Lannea nigritana var. nigritana Keay; Odina oghigee Hook.f.) [4,24] | Guinea-Bissau | Bembedje, bembem-hei, tchingole (fula); bêmbô (mandinga); betôlôdje (pepel); mantede (criolo) |
Guinea-Conakry | Bembé (malinké), lokouré (soussou) | |
Lannea rivcae (Commiphora tomentosa Engl; Lannea cufodontii Chiov; Lannea floccosa Sacleux; Odina rivae Chiov.) [20] | Kenya | Kamba, kitharara, kithaala, kithaalua kya kiima, latat, lolowe, marakwet, muthaalwa |
L. schimperi (Lannea rufescens Engl.; Lannea ruspollii Engl.; Lannea schimperi var. glabrescens (Engl.) J.B. Gillett; Lannea stolzii Engl. & Brehmer; Odina schimperi Hochst. ex A. Rich.); Calesiam schimperi (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Kuntze; Lannea schimperi var. peixe-boi; Lannea stolzii Engl. & Brehmer) [25] | Burundi | Igifuto, umufute (kirundi) |
Cameroon | Nkwelegito (babungo) | |
Ethiopia | Enxxilif (afaan oromo) | |
Mozambique | Munganikomo, xihumbunkany, xivombo nkanyi (changana) | |
Namibia | Kangawa (lozi) | |
Kenya | Kipng’etingwet, kumubumbu (nandi) | |
Sudan | Tony (nuer) | |
Tanzania | Mginkinywa (batemi); mugumbu (nyamwezi); navakumba (mbozi); ombumbo (haya) | |
Lannea schweinfurthii (Calesiam schweinfurthii (Engl.) Kuntze; Lannea schweinfurthii var. schweinfurthii; Odina schweinfurthii Engl.; Scassellatia heterophylla Chiov.) [26] | South Africa | Mi-livhadza (luvenda); mulichadza (venda) |
Mozambique | M’sutototo (chindau) | |
Namibia | Rungomba (lozi) | |
Kenya | Kuogo (luo); mnyumbu (kilifi); omusalu (suba); mumongoo (pokomo) | |
Somalia | Arusha (eravande); gogo (muwumbu); lugu (muhingilo); mate (ndelamwana); mnyamendi, mribwampara, muhondobogo (zinza); msayu, nsayu (suku); mumendo, omosaruwa (kuria); mwera (mpupi); nyam (mnyumbu); pare (msighe); rangi (msakawa); swah (mtundu); tambaragi, thigii (iraqw); zara (mpiwipwi); zigua (mumbu) | |
Tanzania | Mbu, mfupapo, mmongo, muumbu, nago (swahili); orpadwa (masaï) | |
Uganda | Musinga bakali (bulamogi) | |
Zambia | Musamba (silozi) | |
Lannea velutina (Calesiam velutinum (A. Rich.) Kuntze; Odina velutina Engl. ex Walp.; Tapirira velutina Marchand) [4,27] | Benin | (-) |
Burkina Faso | kruntoni (sanan), tougô-dâ, zinzam-tougô (bis-sa), wâamsâbga (mossi) | |
Ghana | (-) | |
Guinea-Bissau | Aionque (bijagós); ambi-lire (tanda); balêbári (the fruit); bembei, dembei, mantede (criolo); bem-bedje, bembei, bembem- hei, tchucó, tchingole (fula); bémbô (mandinga); be-tôlôdje (pel); coxolourô, cupote-cuxolourô (felupe do senegal); dôtô (balanta); lagari (manjaco); m’riuol (balanta); n’taluass, n’tchalúas, untchalbinass (nalu); n’tata, untata (pepel); sandje-bombo, sand-ji-bombro(fula); undêbári (cobiana) | |
Guinea-Conakry | Bembé (malinké), tiouko, tiouko niadouko, tiouko niabé (poular) | |
Mali | Bakororonpeku, fégou-ganiè, surukunnpeku (malinke); nteku-bangènyè, bakoro npeku (bambara); satungo npege, saanci jonon (minyanka); satungo vègè (senoufo); sa’ui-nyinu (bwa) | |
Niger | (-) | |
Senegal | Bemmbeyi (peul), bubu-ka (diola), ndabarndoki (serer), ndogot (wolof), tinolipoley (peul) | |
Togo | (-) | |
Lannea welwitschii (Calesiam welwitschii Hiern; Lannea acidíssima A. Chev.; Lannea longifoliolata Engl. & K. Krause; Lannea zenkeri Engl. & K. Krause; Odina welwitschii K. Schum.; Ricinodendron staudtii Pax) [28] | Angola | Nkumbi (kikongo) |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | Kumbi (kikongo) | |
Ivory Coast | Loloti, ngdongoloti (abe); kakoro (akanfante); n-nu, nu, tchico, tchiwo (akye); baiséguma, baopiré, bore pore (anyi); trongba (baule); tobero (gagu); tétégné (kru-guere); duko, durgo, duruku (kulango); adubruhia, atukruhia, dugbruhia (kyama); kakoro (nzema) | |
Gabon | Okum-nini, kumenini, kum-anini (enti) | |
Ghana | Kum-anini, kumenini, kum-onini, kuntunkuni (akan-asante); kakoro (fante); aberewa nyansiŋ, kum-anini, okum-nini (twi); kumenini (wasa); bopire (anyi-sehwi); abalapuli (nzema) | |
Nigeria | Abe (loloti); anyisehwi (bopire); anyi (bai-séguma); asante (kuntunkuri); baule (trongba); ekika, ekika-ajá (yoruba); fante (kakoro); gagu (tobero); kulango (duko); kru-guere (tétégné); kyama (adubruhia) |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Malú, Q.; Caldeira, G.I.; Catarino, L.; Indjai, B.; da Silva, I.M.; Lima, B.; Silva, O. Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Lannea Species—A Review. Plants 2024, 13, 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050690
Malú Q, Caldeira GI, Catarino L, Indjai B, da Silva IM, Lima B, Silva O. Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Lannea Species—A Review. Plants. 2024; 13(5):690. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050690
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalú, Quintino, Gonçalo I. Caldeira, Luís Catarino, Bucar Indjai, Isabel Moreira da Silva, Beatriz Lima, and Olga Silva. 2024. "Ethnomedicinal, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Lannea Species—A Review" Plants 13, no. 5: 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050690