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Eskolaite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Eskolaite (23)

Eskolaite Gallery Search Photos of Eskolaite

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Eskolaite

Outokumpu mining district, Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland

Eskolaite

Montignies-sur-Sambre, Charleroi, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium

Eskolaite

Clear Creek claim, Goat Mountain, San Benito County, California, USA

Eskolaite

Outokumpu mining district, Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland

Eskolaite

Montignies-sur-Sambre, Charleroi, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium

Eskolaite

Clear Creek claim, Goat Mountain, San Benito County, California, USA

Eskolaite

Outokumpu mining district, Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland

Eskolaite

Montignies-sur-Sambre, Charleroi, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium

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About EskolaiteHide

Professor Pentti Eskola

Formula:

Cr₂O₃

Colour:

Black to dark green.

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

8 - 8½

Specific Gravity:

5.18

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Hematite Group

Name:

Named by Olavi Kouvo and Yrjö Vuorelained in 1958 in honor of Pentti Eelis Eskola (8 January 1883, Honkilahti, Finland – 6 December 1964, Helsinki, Finland), geologist at the University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. He did pioneering work on metamorphic rocks and won several international awards including the 1958 Wollaston medal.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Outokumpu mining district, Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland

Hematite Group.
The chromium analogue of Corundum, Hematite, and Karelianite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1411

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1411:9

GUID
(UUID V4):

5c65ff93-532d-4df6-a2e0-b703d0e27a72

IMA Classification of EskolaiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

First published:

1958

Type description reference:

Kouvo, O., Vuorelainen, Y. (1958) Eskolaite, a new chromium mineral. American Mineralogist: 43: 1098-1106.

Classification of EskolaiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

4.CB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations

Dana 8th ed.:

4.3.1.3

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A₂X₃

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.14.1

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
14 : Oxides of Cr

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Esk	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Esk	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371

Physical Properties of EskolaiteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Translucent, Opaque

Colour:

Black to dark green.

Streak:

Pale Green

Hardness:

8 - 8½ on Mohs scale

Density:

5.18 g/cm³ (Measured) 5.20 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of EskolaiteHide

Anisotropism:

Strong

Colour in reflected light:

Gray

Internal Reflections:

Emerald green

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

In fragment / grain edges emerald green to olive green.
In polished sections, not pleochroic.

Chemistry of EskolaiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Cr₂O₃

Elements listed:

Cr, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Crystallography of EskolaiteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral

Space Group:

R3c

Setting:

R3c

Cell Parameters:

a = 4.95 Å, c = 13.58 Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 2.743

Unit Cell V:

288.16 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Hexagonal prisms and plates. {1120}, {0001}, {1123}, {1011}.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0004566	Eskolaite	Logvinova A M, Wirth R, Sobolev N V, Seryotkin Y V, Yefimova E S, Floss C, Taylor L A (2008) Eskolaite associated with diamond from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, Russia American Mineralogist 93 685-690	2008	natural diamond, Udachnaya pipe, Yukutia, Russia	0	293
0019493	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	0	293
0019494	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	8.1	293
0019495	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	14	293
0019496	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	20.4	293
0019497	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	24.1	293
0019498	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	29.6	293
0019499	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	35.4	293
0019500	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	39.7	293
0019501	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	44.8	293
0019502	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	50.2	293
0019503	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	55.1	293
0019504	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	63.9	293
0019505	Eskolaite	Kantor A, Kantor I, Merlini M, Glazyrin K, Prescher C, Hanfland M, Dubrovinsky L (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 1764-1770	2012	synthetic	70.4	293
0010596	Eskolaite	Newnham R E, de Haan Y M (1962) Refinement of the alpha Al2O3, Ti2O3, V2O3 and Cr2O3 structures Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 117 235-237	1962	synthetic	0	293
0010608	Eskolaite	Saalfeld H (1964) Strukturuntersuchungen im system Al2O3-Cr2O3 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 120 342-348	1964		0	293
0017737	Eskolaite	Finger L W, Hazen R M (1980) Crystal structure and isothermal compression of Fe2O3, Cr2O3, and V2O3 to 50 kbars Journal of Applied Physics 51 5362-5367	1980	synthetic	0.0001	293
0017738	Eskolaite	Finger L W, Hazen R M (1980) Crystal structure and isothermal compression of Fe2O3, Cr2O3, and V2O3 to 50 kbars Journal of Applied Physics 51 5362-5367	1980	synthetic	1.86	293
0017739	Eskolaite	Finger L W, Hazen R M (1980) Crystal structure and isothermal compression of Fe2O3, Cr2O3, and V2O3 to 50 kbars Journal of Applied Physics 51 5362-5367	1980	synthetic	4.06	293
0017740	Eskolaite	Finger L W, Hazen R M (1980) Crystal structure and isothermal compression of Fe2O3, Cr2O3, and V2O3 to 50 kbars Journal of Applied Physics 51 5362-5367	1980	synthetic	5.68	293
0017803	Eskolaite	Sawada H (1994) Residual electron density study of chromium sesquioxide by crystal structure and scattering factor refinement Materials Research Bulletin 29 239-245	1994	synthetic	0	293
0017804	Eskolaite	Sawada H (1994) Residual electron density study of chromium sesquioxide by crystal structure and scattering factor refinement Materials Research Bulletin 29 239-245	1994	synthetic	0	293
0017805	Eskolaite	Sawada H (1994) Residual electron density study of chromium sesquioxide by crystal structure and scattering factor refinement Materials Research Bulletin 29 239-245	1994	synthetic	0	293
0017802	Eskolaite	Belokoneva E L, Shcherbakova Y K (2003) Electron density in synthetic eskolaite Cr2O3 with a corundum structure and its relation to antiferromagnetic properties Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 48 861-869	2003	synthetic	0	293
0017966	Eskolaite	Zachariasen W (1928) Untersuchungen ueber die Kristallstruktur von Sesquioxyden und Verbindungen ABO3 _cod_database_code 1011067 Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo 1928 1-165	1928		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Eskolaite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Logvinova A M'
'Wirth R'
'Sobolev N V'
'Seryotkin Y V'
'Yefimova E S'
'Floss C'
'Taylor L A'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 93 
_journal_year 2008
_journal_page_first 685
_journal_page_last 690
_publ_section_title
;
 Eskolaite associated with diamond from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, Russia
;
_database_code_amcsd 0004566
_chemical_compound_source 'natural diamond, Udachnaya pipe, Yukutia, Russia'
_chemical_formula_sum '(Cr1.702 Fe.122 Ti.076 Al.058 Mg.042) O3'
_cell_length_a 4.9696
_cell_length_b 4.9696
_cell_length_c 13.597
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 290.815
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      5.123
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'R -3 c'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  'x,x-y,1/2+z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+x-y,5/6+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+x-y,1/6+z'
  'y,x,1/2-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3+x,5/6-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3+x,1/6-z'
  '-x+y,y,1/2+z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3+y,5/6+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3+y,1/6+z'
  '-x,-x+y,1/2-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-x+y,5/6-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-x+y,1/6-z'
  '-y,-x,1/2+z'
  '2/3-y,1/3-x,5/6+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3-x,1/6+z'
  'x-y,-y,1/2-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3-y,5/6-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3-y,1/6-z'
  'y,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'x-y,x,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Cr   0.00000   0.00000   0.34834   0.85100   0.00310
Fe   0.00000   0.00000   0.34834   0.06100   0.00310
Ti   0.00000   0.00000   0.34834   0.03800   0.00310
Al   0.00000   0.00000   0.34834   0.02900   0.00310
Mg   0.00000   0.00000   0.34834   0.02100   0.00310
O   0.30550   0.00000   0.25000   1.00000   0.00470

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.630 Å	(96)
2.665 Å	(97)
2.479 Å	(94)
2.174 Å	(48)
1.8146 Å	(58)
1.6746 Å	(100)
1.4331 Å	(47)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Pre-terrestrial "Ur-minerals"	>4.57
1 : Stellar atmosphere condensates
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration	4.566-4.550
5 : Primary asteroid phases	4.566–4.560
6 : Secondary asteroid phases	4.566-4.560
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Type Occurrence of EskolaiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Outokumpu mining district, Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland

General Appearance of Type Material:

Well developed hexagonal prisms 1-5 mm.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Chromium-bearing tremolite skarn.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Uvarovite	Uvarovite	Talc	Quartz	Pyrrhotite
Pyrite	Pyrite	Pentlandite	Guyanaite	Chalcopyrite
Calcite

Reference:

Kouvo, O., Vuorelainen, Y. (1958) Eskolaite, a new chromium mineral. American Mineralogist: 43: 1098-1106.

Download:

http://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/AM43_1098.pdf

Other Language Names for EskolaiteHide

German:Eskolait

Russian:Эсколаит

Simplified Chinese:绿铬矿
埃斯科拉矿

Spanish:Eskolaita

Relationship of Eskolaite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Hematite Group

Other Members of this group:

Corundum	Al₂O₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
Hematite	Fe₂O₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
Karelianite	V³⁺₂O₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
Tistarite	Ti³⁺₂O₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c

Forms a series with:

Karelianite

Eskolaite-Karelianite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

13 photos of Eskolaite associated with Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
7 photos of Eskolaite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂
7 photos of Eskolaite associated with Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
4 photos of Eskolaite associated with Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
3 photos of Eskolaite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
2 photos of Eskolaite associated with Chromium-bearing Diopside	Ca(Mg,Cr)Si₂O₆
1 photo of Eskolaite associated with Mcconnellite	CuCrO₂
1 photo of Eskolaite associated with Hematite	Fe₂O₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.CB.	Ferrohögbomite-2N2S	[(Fe²⁺,Mg,Zn,Al)₃(Al,Ti,Fe³⁺)₈O₁₅(OH)]₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.	Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S	Mg₅Al₁₁TiO₂₃(OH)	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.	Zhenruite	(MoO₃)₂ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.CB.	Pengite	(Pb₈Sb³⁺₃)_Σ11Sb⁵⁺₉O₃₅	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.	Virgilluethite	MoO₃ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.CB.05	Brizziite	NaSb⁵⁺O₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Corundum	Al₂O₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05	Ecandrewsite	(Zn,Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺)TiO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Geikielite	MgTiO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Hematite	Fe₂O₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05	Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Karelianite	V³⁺₂O₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05	Melanostibite	Mn²⁺₂Fe³⁺Sb⁵⁺O₆	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Pyrophanite	Mn²⁺TiO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Akimotoite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)SiO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Auroantimonate	AuSbO₃
4.CB.05	UM1998-11-O-AuHSb	Au⁺₂Sb³⁺O₂(OH)
4.CB.05	Tistarite	Ti³⁺₂O₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
4.CB.05	Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide)	FeCrO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Hemleyite	(Fe²⁺_0.48Mg_0.37Ca_0.04Na_0.04Mn²⁺_0.03Al_0.03Cr³⁺_0.01)_sum=1.00Si_1.00O₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.10	Avicennite	Tl₂O₃	Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3
4.CB.10	Bixbyite-(Mn)	Mn³⁺₂O₃	Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Ia3
4.CB.10	Bixbyite-(Fe)	(Fe,Mn)₂O₃	Iso.
4.CB.15	Armalcolite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)Ti₂O₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.CB.15	Sassite	Ti³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺O₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15	Pseudobrookite	Fe₂TiO₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.CB.15	Ferropseudobrookite	Fe²⁺Ti₂O₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15	Griffinite	Al₂TiO₅	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15	Pseudobrookite Group
4.CB.20	Zincohögbomite-2N2S	[(Zn,Al,Fe²⁺)₃(Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)₈O₁₅(OH)]₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.20	Zincohögbomite-2N6S	[(Zn,Mg)₇(Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)₁₆O₃₁(OH)]₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.20	Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S	[(Mg,Fe²⁺)₃(Al,Ti,Fe³⁺)₈O₁₅(OH)]₆	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.20	Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S	[(Mg,Fe²⁺,Zn)₄(Al,Ti,Fe³⁺)₁₀O₁₉(OH)]₂	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
4.CB.20	Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S	[(Mg,Fe²⁺)₃[Al₇(Ti,Fe³⁺)]O₁₅(OH)]₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.20	Ferrohögbomite-6N12S	[(Fe²⁺,Mg,Zn)₅(Al,Ti,Fe³⁺)₁₂O₂₃(OH)]₆	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
4.CB.20	Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S	(Mg_8.43Fe²⁺_1.57)_sum=10Al₂₂Ti⁴⁺₂O₄₆(OH)₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.20	Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S	(Mg₆Al₂)(Al₁₈Fe³⁺₂)O₃₈(OH)₂	Trig. 3m : P3m1
4.CB.20	Zincovelesite-6N6S	Zn₃(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺,Al,Ti)₈O₁₅(OH)	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
4.CB.25	Pseudorutile	Fe₂Ti₃O₉	Hex. 6 2 2 : P6₃ 2 2
4.CB.25	Kleberite	FeTi₆O₁₁(OH)₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.CB.30	Berdesinskiite	V³⁺₂TiO₅	Mon.
4.CB.30	Oxyvanite	V³⁺₂V⁴⁺O₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.30	Kaitianite	Ti³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺O₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35	Olkhonskite	(Cr,V)₂Ti₃O₉	Mon.
4.CB.35	Schreyerite	V³⁺₂Ti₃O₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35	Machiite	Al₂Ti₃O₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35	Vestaite	(Ti⁴⁺Fe²⁺)Ti⁴⁺₃O₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.40	Kamiokite	Fe₂Mo₃O₈	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.40	Nolanite	V³⁺₈Fe³⁺₂O₁₄(OH)₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.40	Rinmanite	Zn₂Sb₂Mg₂Fe₄O₁₄(OH)₂	Hex. 6 : P6₃
4.CB.40	Iseite	Mn₂Mo₃O₈	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.40	Majindeite	Mg₂Mo₃O₈	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.40	Rinmanite-(Zn)	Zn₂Sb₂(Fe³⁺₄Zn₂)O₁₄(OH)₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.45	Claudetite	As₂O₃	Mon. 2/m
4.CB.45	Stibioclaudetite	AsSbO₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.CB.50	Arsenolite	As₂O₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.CB.50	Senarmontite	Sb₂O₃	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
4.CB.55	Valentinite	Sb₂O₃	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pccn
4.CB.60	Bismite	Bi₂O₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.CB.65	Sphaerobismoite	Bi₂O₃	Tet.
4.CB.70	Sillénite	Bi₁₂SiO₂₀	Iso. 2 3 : I2 3
4.CB.75	Kyzylkumite	V³⁺Ti₂O₅(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.CB.80	Tietaiyangite	Fe³⁺₄Fe²⁺TiO₉	Hex.
4.CB.85	Liuite	FeTiO₃	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CB.90	Luogufengite	Fe₂O₃	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
4.CB.95	Wangdaodeite	FeTiO₃	Trig. 3m : R3c

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for EskolaiteHide

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References for EskolaiteHide

Reference List:

Kouvo, O., Vuorelainen, Y. (1958) Eskolaite, a new chromium mineral. American Mineralogist: 43: 1098-1106.

Fleischer, M. (1959) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 44: 464-470.

Tennyson, C. (1961) The morphology of eskolaite, Cr2O3. American Mineralogist: 46: 998–999.

Newnham, R.E., de Haan, Y.M. (1962) Refinement of the α Al2O3, Ti2O3, V2O3 and Cr2O3 structures. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 117: 235-237.

Milton, C., Appleman, D.E., Appleman, M.H., Chao, E.C.T., Cuttitta, F., Dinnin, J.I., Dwornik, E.J., Ingram, B.L., Rose, H.J., Jr. (1976) Merumite, a complex assemblage of chromium minerals from Guyana. United States Geological Survey Prof. Paper 887: 1-29 + 6 plates.

Cassedanne, J., Cassedanne, J. (1980) Présence d’eskolaïte dans les alluvions stannifères de la Chapada Diamantina (Bahia-Bresil). Bulletin de Minéralogie: 103: 600–602. (French with English abs.)

Finger, L.W., Hazen, R.M. (1980) Crystal structure and isothermal compression of Fe2O3, Cr2O3, and V2O3 to 50 kbars. Journal of Applied Physics: 51: 5362-5367.

Sawada, H. (1994) Residual electron density study of chromium sesquioxide by crystal structure and scattering factor refinement. Materials Research Bulletin: 29: 239-245.

Belokoneva, E.L., Shcherbakova, Y.K. (2003) Electron density in synthetic eskolaite Cr2O3 with a corundum structure and its relation to antiferromagnetic properties. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry: 48: 861-869.

Logvinova, A.M., Wirth, R., Sobolev, N.V., Seryotkin, Y.V., Yefimova, E.S., Floss, C., Taylor, L.A. (2008) Eskolaite associated with diamond from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, Russia. American Mineralogist: 93: 685-690.

Kantor, A., Kantor, I., Merlini, M., Glazyrin, K., Prescher, C., Hanfland, M., Dubrovinsky, L. (2012) High-pressure structural studies of eskolaite by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist, 97 (10) 1764-1770 doi:10.2138/am.2012.4103

Alexandre, P., Peterson, R. C., Kyser, K., Layton-Matthews, D., Joy, B. (2014) High-Cr Minerals from the Matoush Uranium Deposit in the Otish Basin, Quebec, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist, 52 (1) 61-75 doi:10.3749/canmin.52.1.61

(2023) Eskolaite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for EskolaiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Antarctica
Eastern Antarctica Buckley Island quadrangle Lewis Cliff ⓘ Lewis Cliff 85311 meteorite	Lee et al. (2019)
ⓘ Lewis Cliff 88774 meteorite	Goodrich et al. (2001)
Queen Maud Land ⓘ Belgica 7904 meteorite	Ikeda (1992)

Australia
Victoria City of Greater Shepparton Murchison ⓘ Murchison meteorite	Ma et al. (2010)

Belarus
Mogilev Region Babruysk District ⓘ Bobruisk Ring Structure	Levitskiy et al. (2018, July)

Brazil
Bahia Érico Cardoso Paramirim das Crioulas ⓘ Morro do Chapéu claim	Jeannine and Jacques Cassedanne : "Présence d'eskolaite dans les alluvions stannifères de la Chapada Diamantina (Bahia-Brésil)
ⓘ Pico das Almas river	Anthony (1997)
Ibitiara ⓘ Serra da Mangabeira	Cassedanne (1985)

Canada
Québec Nord-du-Québec Baie-James Otish Mountains ⓘ Matoush Uranium deposit	Robichaud et al. (2011) +2 other references

Czech Republic
Plzeň Region Plzeň-South District Nové Mitrovice ⓘ Chynín	Veselovský et al. (2021)

Finland (TL)
North Karelia Outokumpu ⓘ Outokumpu mining district (TL)	Am Min 43 (1958) +1 other reference
ⓘ Vuonos Mine	Geological Survey of Finland 2011. ...

Germany
Schleswig-Holstein Kiel ⓘ Kiel meteorite	Ramdohr (1972)

Guyana
Potaro-Siparuni Region Rest of Region 8 ⓘ Merume River	Livingston et al. (1984)

India
Rajasthan Bhilwara District ⓘ Rampura-Agucha Zn-(Pb) deposit	Kompanchenko et al. (2018)

Indonesia
West Java Province ⓘ Banten meteorite	Nazarov et al. (1999)

Ireland
Leinster Wicklow County Newtonmountkennedy ⓘ Callowhill Upper	Oppenheim et al. (1977) +1 other reference

Japan
Okinawa Prefecture Ishigaki City Senkaku Islands (Diaoyudao Islands; Diaoyutai Islands) ⓘ Okinawa Trough	Ouroboros - ...

Jordan
Amman Governorate ⓘ Khushaym Matruk	Fourcade et al. (2007)
Transjordan Plateau Daba-Siwaqa complex ⓘ Unnamed phosphorite quarry	Britvin et al. (2023)

Namibia
Hardap Region Gibeon ⓘ Gibeon meteorite	Petaev (1997, March)

Northwest Africa Meteorites
ⓘ Northwest Africa 7325 meteorite (NWA 7325)	www.lpi.usra.edu (2013)

Oman
Dhofar Governorate ⓘ Dhofar 225 meteorite (Dho 225)	Ivanova et al. (2002, March)

Russia
Chelyabinsk Oblast Plastovsky District Plast ⓘ Kuchinskiy quarry	Kissin et al. (2020)
Irkutsk Oblast Lake Baikal area ⓘ Ol'khonskiye Vorota Strait (Olkhon Gate)	Mandarino (1996) +1 other reference
Slyudyanka ⓘ Pereval marble quarry	Pekov (1998) +3 other references
Pokhabikha River Valley ⓘ Kaber's pit	Pekov (1998)
Magadan Oblast Severo-Evensky District ⓘ Omolon meteorite	Sharygin et al. (2006)
Republic of Karelia Medvezhyegorsky District Zaonezhie peninsula ⓘ Srednyaya Padma mine	Borozdin et al. (2014, January) +1 other reference
Sakha Mirninsky District Daldyn ⓘ Udachnaya open-pit mine (Udachnaya-Vostochnaya pipe; Udachnaya pipe)	Lawrence A. Taylor +4 other references
Sverdlovsk Oblast Asbest ⓘ Bazhenovsk deposit	Erokhin et al. (2014) +1 other reference
Karpinsk Urban Okrug ⓘ Kosva massif	Sharygin et al. (2014)
Malyshevo ⓘ Malyshevskoe deposit	Williams et al. (2011) +3 other references
Sysertsky District Dvurechensk ⓘ Klyuchevskii Zavod slag locality	Ерохин Ю.В.
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ⓘ Rai-Iz Ophiolite Massif	6th orogenic lherzolite conference 2014 ... +1 other reference

USA
California San Benito County Goat Mountain ⓘ Clear Creek claim	Dunning +1 other reference
Kentucky Calloway County ⓘ Murray meteorite	Palmer et al. (Oct 2011)
Utah San Juan County ⓘ Moses Rock	Schulze et al. (2014)

162173 Ryugu


The Moon
Mare Crisium ⓘ Luna 24 landing site	Mokhov et al. (2007)
Taurus-Littrow Valley ⓘ Apollo 17 landing site	Mokhov A.V. et al. (2017)

Eskolaite

About EskolaiteHide

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