Chrysotile
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Chrysotile
Formula:
Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Lustre:
Silky
Hardness:
2½
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1843 by Franz von Kobell from the Greek chrysos - "gold" and tilos - "fiber."
Polytypes are clinochrysotile, orthochrysotile, and parachrysotile. Clinochrysotile represents almost all of the known chrysotile specimens. Orthochrysotile is rare and parachrysotile is very rare.
Lizardite and antigorite are closely related serpentine-subgroup species.
Chrysotile and lizardite are the low-temperature serpentine minerals, whereas antigorite is the high-temperature (>250°C) serpentine mineral.
Most of the asbestos that was and is mined worldwide, consists of chrysotile.
A regular interstratification of chrysotile and hydrotalcite is known as UM1995-40-SiO:AlHMg.
Lizardite and antigorite are closely related serpentine-subgroup species.
Chrysotile and lizardite are the low-temperature serpentine minerals, whereas antigorite is the high-temperature (>250°C) serpentine mineral.
Most of the asbestos that was and is mined worldwide, consists of chrysotile.
A regular interstratification of chrysotile and hydrotalcite is known as UM1995-40-SiO:AlHMg.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Chrysotile.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
975
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:975:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
83fc1520-e57b-4b3e-b751-90af1d74f3ba
IMA Classification of Chrysotile
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Mg3Si2O5(OH)4
Approval history:
Redefined (special procedure) by the IMA in 2007.
Classification of Chrysotile
9..
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
:
:
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
:
:
71.1.5.1
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
1 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
1 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 1:1 layers
14.4.4
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
4 : Silicates of Mg
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
4 : Silicates of Mg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Ctl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Ctl | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
Ctl | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Ctl | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Ctl | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Ctl | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Chrysotile
Silky
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Optical Data of Chrysotile
Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.569 nγ = 1.570
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.001
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v or r < v
Chemistry of Chrysotile
Mindat Formula:
Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Chrysotile
Polytype:
Formula:
Crystal System:
Class (H-M)
Space Group:
Space Group Setting:
Cell Parameters:
Ratio:
Unit Cell Volume (calc):
Z:
Clinochrysotile | Orthochrysotile | Parachrysotile |
---|---|---|
Monoclinic | Orthorhombic | Orthorhombic |
2/m - Prismatic | ||
a = 5.3 Å, b = 9.19 Å, c = 14.63 Å β = 93° | a = 5.34 Å, b = 9.24 Å, c = 14.2 Å | a = 5.3 Å, b = 9.24 Å, c = 14.71 Å |
a:b:c = 0.577 : 1 : 1.592 | a:b:c = 0.578 : 1 : 1.537 | a:b:c = 0.574 : 1 : 1.592 |
V 711.61 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) | V 700.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) | V 720.38 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell) |
4 | 4 |
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0019917 | Chrysotile | Falini G, Foresti E, Gazzano M, Gualtieri A F, Leoni M, Lesci I G, Roveri N (2004) Tubular-shaped stoichiometric chrysotile nanocrystals Chemistry - A European Journal 10 3043-3049 | 2004 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
Near-surface Processes | |
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17) | |
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
38 : Ophiolites | |
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Chrysotile
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Synonyms of Chrysotile
Other Language Names for Chrysotile
Varieties of Chrysotile
Aluminian Chrysotile | An aluminium-rich Chrysotile |
Chrysotilasbest | Asbestiform chrysotile. |
Chrysotile asbestos | Asbestiform chrysotile. Fairly common in serpentinites. |
Ishkildite | A variety differing in optical properties and X-ray powder pattern, and containing excess silica. |
Relationship of Chrysotile to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Amesite | Mg2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 | Mon. m : Bm |
Berthierine | (Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 | Mon. m : Bm |
Brindleyite | (Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4 | Mon. |
Caryopilite | Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 | Mon. |
Cronstedtite | Fe2+2Fe3+((Si,Fe3+)2O5)(OH)4 | Trig. 3m : P3 1m |
Fraipontite | (Zn,Al)3((Si,Al)2O5)(OH)4 | Mon. |
Guidottiite | Mn2Fe3+(Fe3+SiO5)(OH)4 | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Kellyite | Mn2+2Al(AlSiO5)(OH)4 | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 | Trig. 3m : P3 1m |
Népouite | Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 | Orth. |
Pecoraite | Ni3(Si2O5)(OH)4 | Mon. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
49 photos of Chrysotile associated with Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
29 photos of Chrysotile associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
23 photos of Chrysotile associated with Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
21 photos of Chrysotile associated with Demantoid | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
20 photos of Chrysotile associated with Carlosturanite | (Mg,Fe,Ti)21(Si,Al)12O28(OH)34 · H2O |
17 photos of Chrysotile associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
12 photos of Chrysotile associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
11 photos of Chrysotile associated with Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
8 photos of Chrysotile associated with Stichtite | Mg6Cr3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
7 photos of Chrysotile associated with Asbestos |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.. | Ursilite | (Mg/Ca)4(UO2)4(Si2O5)5.5(OH)5 · 13H2O |
9.. | Hiortdahlite I | Na4Ca8Zr2(Nb,Mn,Ti,Fe,Mg,Al)2(Si2O7)4O3F5 |
9.. | Halloysite-7A | |
9.. | Afanasyevaite | |
9.. | Sodicpedrizite | |
9.. | Sodic-ferropedrizite |
Other Information
Health Risks:
This mineral is known to be a respirable carcinogen, and is the most common form of asbestos. Exposure to very dusty air or long-term exposure to low level airborne dusts containing fine fibres of chrysotile has been found to cause a high risk of serious lung disease including mesothelioma and lung cancer. Care should be taken working with samples that contain fibrous forms of this mineral, to avoid creating or inhaling dusts. Non-fibrous forms, such as in many serpentinites, are safer to handle, but can still produce potentially carcinogenic respirable fibre when crushed. Appropriate dust masks should be worn if working in areas which have dusts likely to be rich in this mineral. Storage and careful handling of specimens has little or no risk.
Internet Links for Chrysotile
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-975.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Chrysotile
Localities for Chrysotile
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
Orris et al. (2002) | |
Orris et al. (2002) | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
Antarctica | |
Argentina | |
| Dr Nestor Hillar Puxeddu specimens |
| 715-720. Buenos Aires. +1 other reference |
715-720. Buenos Aires. +1 other reference | |
| KOSTADINOFF |
| Cardó R. et al. (2012) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
Plas (1997) | |
| Gablina et al. (2006) |
Marchesi et al. (2013) | |
| Sharkov et al. (2007) |
| Melchert et al. (2008) |
Australia | |
| Gilligan et al. (1995) |
| |
Oskierski et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Brown et al. (1992) | |
Brown et al. (1992) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Ashley et al. (1993) |
| |
| Thompson (ed) |
| Bennett et al. (2017) |
| SA Geodata Database (2016) |
| |
| Brown (1908) |
| Analyses in prep |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| R Bottrill |
Anderson et al. (2002) | |
| Bottrill +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| |
R Bottrill & R Woolley | |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| R Bottrill |
[Clinochrysotile] Patterson | |
| B. L Taylor 1955. Asbestos in Tasmania. ... |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| [Clinochrysotile] |
| |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Pryce et al. (1974) |
| |
| Fetherston et al. (2013) |
Am Min 73:11-12 p 1496 | |
Fetherston et al. (2013) | |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Dow et al. (1969) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Moeskops (1977) |
Moeskops et al. (1977) | |
| Simpson (1948) |
Simpson (1948) | |
| Grguric et al. (in press) |
| Grguric et al. (2013) |
| Nickel Mineralisation in Western ... |
| New Material From +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Tuma (1991) |
Geologie des Burgenlande. ... | |
Mineralienatlas.de +1 other reference | |
Mineralienatlas.de | |
| Autorenkollektiv (Red. M. A. Götzinger und P. Huber) |
| Exel (1993) |
Autorenkollektiv (Red. M. A. Götzinger und P. Huber) | |
| Exel (1993) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| |
| [Clinochrysotile] Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
[Clinochrysotile] Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Löffler et al. (2021) |
| Database „Minerale NÖ“ (A. Thinschmidt and co-workers) |
Exel (1993) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Firtsch (1907) |
| SIGMUND (1937a) |
| Löffler et al. (2019) |
| Löffler et al. (2011) |
| Knobloch et al. (2021) |
| Uwe Kolitsch (visual ID of specimens collected in 2022) |
Thinschmidt collection | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Strasser (1989) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
Exel (1993) | |
| Josef Taucher & Christine Elisabeth Hollerer (2012) |
| Hackenberg 2003 +1 other reference |
| Keeling (2018) |
| Post. W. & Bojar (2006) |
| collection Landesmuseum Joanneum - Graz |
| [Clinochrysotile] Schantl (1975) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Schantl (1976) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Schäfer (1980) |
Koark (1949) | |
| Koark (1949) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
Bolivia | |
| Schultz (2004) |
Botswana | |
| Massey (1973) |
| Massey (1973) |
Massey (1973) | |
Massey (1973) | |
Brazil | |
| |
F. Zaccarini (2006) | |
| - (n.d.) |
| |
| Dybowska et al. (2022) |
| |
Bulgaria | |
| Kunov |
| I. Kostov et al. (1964) |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Dawson Creek +4 other references |
| BC MINFILE No 104I 083 |
| Rhys (1993) |
| Pacific Mineral Museum collection (now at University of British Columbia) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Econ Geol (1990) |
| |
| Phillips (1979) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Canadian Mineraloglst Vol. 14 (1976) |
| Grand Manan Museum |
| |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Journal of Petrology 40:79-104 |
| Hogarth (1997) |
| Sabina (1974) |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Sabina (2000) |
Kretschman | |
| Sabina (2000) |
[Clinochrysotile] King (n.d.) | |
| |
| Sabina (1986) |
| Weber |
| MSC Report 39 |
| GSC misc report 41 |
| |
| Sabina (1971) |
| Sabina (1971) |
| Sabina (1971) |
| Sabina (1971) |
| Sabina (1971) |
| Sabina (2007) +1 other reference |
| Geological Survey of Canada Paper70-50 |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Kretschman |
| |
| Voyage au coeur des Appalaches |
GAUDARD (1993) | |
| Voyage au Couer des Appalaches |
| SIGEOM systeme d'information geominiere ... |
Sabina (1966) | |
Gaudard (1993) | |
Amabili et al. (2009) | |
Gaudard (1993) | |
Ann Occup Hyg (1997) | |
Gaudard (1993) | |
Sabina (1967) | |
| SABINA (1967) |
| Whittaker (1956a) +3 other references |
Mason (1976) | |
Canadian Museum of Nature collection | |
GAUDARD (1993) | |
GAUDARD (1993) | |
GAUDARD (1993) | |
GAUDARD (1993) | |
Sabina (1967) | |
GAUDARD (1993) | |
Min. Record:20 (5) +1 other reference | |
Rocks & Min.: 22:225. +1 other reference | |
| Gaudard (1993) |
Mineralogical Record 40:297-304 +1 other reference | |
Mineralogical Record 40:297-304 +2 other references | |
| SIGEOM |
SIGEOM systeme d'information geominiere ... | |
| Econ Geology (1993) |
| Horváth collection specimens |
| American Mineralogist |
179-181. +2 other references | |
| Sabina (1986) +1 other reference |
Sabina (1986) +1 other reference | |
| McMillan (1973) |
| |
| Sabina (1986) |
| Sabina (1972) |
| Héon (2004) |
W. Petruk et al. (1971) | |
Chile | |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2016) |
González-Jiménez et al. (2016) | |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2023) |
China | |
| Yiming Zhao et al. (1999) |
Yiming Zhao et al. (1999) | |
Yiming Zhao et al. (1999) | |
| Meng et al. (2023) |
| Bin Yang et al. (2007) |
| Hongsen Xie et al. (1984) |
| Fushun Li et al. (2012) |
| Xu Dongqing et al. (2006) |
| Keevil et al. (2022) |
[Orthochrysotile] Youqin Li et al. (1981) | |
Peng et al. (2022) | |
| Tossavainen et al. (2001) |
| Tossavainen et al. (2001) |
| Li et al. (2022) |
| Tossavainen et al. (2001) |
| www.chinamining.org (n.d.) |
| Vielreicher et al. (2003) |
| Vielreicher et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Zhengguo Ru (1987) |
| Bojun Huang and Yushun Min (1989) +2 other references |
Tossavainen et al. (2001) | |
| Jianhua Huang et al. (2012) |
| Wang et al. (2023) |
| Zhou et al. (2001) |
Cuba | |
| Tauler et al. (2023) |
| Pujol-Solà et al. (2018) |
Ríos et al. (1984) | |
| Auzende et al. (2002) |
MACIZO METAMÓRFICO ESCAMBRAY. CUBA CENTRAL. CONTROLES Y USOS DE LOS MINERALES NO-METÁLICOS. Humberto Álvarez-Sánchez (1) +2 other references | |
Czech Republic | |
| Kopa |
| Ulrych |
| Němec |
| Sekanina J.: Hořečnatý skarn v ... |
Houzar et al. (2006) | |
| Němec |
| ĎUĎA |
Kopa | |
| Petr Pauliš (2001) |
Dominican Republic | |
| Villanova-de-Benavent et al. (2014) |
Marchesi et al. (2016) | |
East Timor | |
| Lay et al. (2017) |
Ecuador | |
| Feininger (1978) |
Egypt | |
| Mohamed (2013) |
| Abdelnasser et al. (2017) |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) |
| Azer et al. (2007) |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
Taalab et al. (2023) | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) |
Eswatini | |
| Schapira et al. (2023) |
Gan et al. (n.d.) | |
Gan et al. (n.d.) | |
Ethiopia | |
| Kebede H. Belete |
Finland | |
| Kuosmanen |
| |
| American Mineralogist (1973) |
| |
| Peltonen et al. (2008) |
| Sandström (2012) |
| |
France | |
| BRGM (1988) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| F.H. Forestier : "Les Péridotites ... +1 other reference |
| Pélisson (1989) |
F.H. Forestier : "Les Péridotites ... | |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
F.H. Forestier : "Les Péridotites ... | |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| F.H. Forestier : "Les Péridotites ... |
| Demargne M. (2014) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| G. Demarcq |
| R.PIERROT et al. (1973) |
Chauris (2014) | |
| Chauris (2014) |
| H. Azais |
| Hewins (2014) |
| Benoˆıt Quesnel et al. (2016) |
| El Mendili et al. (2022) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Cedrick Gineste |
| |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Inventaire Minéralogique de la France ... |
| Ph. Rémy et Ph. Font (2007) |
| |
| [Clinochrysotile] David J. Barber (1985) |
| Baret (1905) |
Baret (1905) | |
| Baret (1905) |
| Alain Guillet collection |
| Yves Masson specimen |
| Belot (1978) |
| Pusztaszeri (1969) +3 other references |
| [Clinochrysotile] |
| Pusztaszeri (1969) |
| Stephane Maury Collection |
| Mari et al. (1979) |
Germany | |
| [Clinochrysotile] Walenta (1992) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) |
| F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) |
| F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) |
| F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) |
| F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) |
| F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof) |
| Geotopkataster database |
Weiß (1990) | |
| Gümbel (1868) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Quakenack (1967) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wedepohl (1954) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Lapis (10) |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
| [Parachrysotile] Wittern (2001) |
Wittern (2001) | |
| [Clinochrysotile] XRD analysis (T. Witzke) |
Greece | |
| Grieco et al. (2023) |
Pelletier et al. (2008) | |
Greenland | |
| Sharpe (1980) |
Hungary | |
| Kovács et al. (2003) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Koch: Minerals of Hungary |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Szár Hill |
| [Clinochrysotile] Ferro et al. (2003) |
India | |
| [Orthochrysotile] Rev. Min. (1988) |
Anantha Iyer (1987) | |
| Mason et al. (1962) |
| Singh (1959) |
Indian Ocean | |
| The Shipboard Scientific Party (1974) |
| Ding et al. (2021) |
Indonesia | |
| Bailey et al. (1995) |
New (2006) | |
| Sufriadin (2012) |
Sufriadin (2012) | |
Iran | |
| Ahadnejad et al. (2022) |
Iraq | |
| Mohammad (2009) |
Mohammad (2013) | |
Italy | |
| Castello et al. (2016) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Rossetti et al. (2009) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
Grill (1922) +3 other references | |
Grill (1922) +4 other references | |
Del Caldo et al. (1973) | |
Del Caldo et al. (1973) | |
Castello (1978) +1 other reference | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Laurita +1 other reference |
| Punturo et al. (2023) |
| Punturo et al. (2023) |
Punturo et al. (2023) | |
| Catalano et al. (2014) |
| Morandi et al. (1982) |
| Bombicci (1874) +1 other reference |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Bertacchini et al. (1999) |
| Adorni F. (1989) |
| Galli (1963) |
| Mellini et al. (1987) |
Giovanni Scapin Collection | |
| Veniale et al. (1968) |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) |
| Pipino G. L'antica miniera di monte ... |
Palenzona A. et al. (Genova-Pegli) | |
[Clinochrysotile] Pagano et al. (2001) | |
[Clinochrysotile] Redazionale (2005) | |
| [Clinochrysotile] Redazione (2005) |
| Antofilli |
| Antofilli |
| Palenzona et al. (1988) |
| Antofilli |
| Antofilli |
Galli M. (1970) | |
| Passarino (2020) |
Antofilli | |
| Marchesini et al. (1997) |
| Antofilli +1 other reference |
| Cerea et al. (2019) |
| Bertolini (1994) |
| Ottenziali et al. (1992) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Tabacchi (1972) |
Gramaccioli (1962) +2 other references | |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
De Michele (1974) | |
Gianoncelli A. (1949) +1 other reference | |
| Compagnoni et al. (1985) +2 other references |
Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Rolfo et al. (2015) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Compagnoni et al. (1976) |
| Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
Belluso et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Belluso et al. (1991) |
| Borson (1830) |
| Prete (1995) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Maletto et al. (2014) |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Sanero (1932) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Masini (1930) +1 other reference |
Piolti (1896) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| www.webmineralshop.com (2001) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
Sanero (1932) | |
| forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| Paolo Bosio collection |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo (10) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Groppo et al. (2007) |
Groppo et al. (2007) | |
Belluso et al. (1995) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Albertini (1983) |
| Traverso S. (1895) |
| Boscardin et al. (2013) |
| Mattioli (1979) +1 other reference |
| Stara P. (1996) |
| Manuella (2011) |
| Gartner et al. (2002) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Collection of NHM |
| Azzaro E. et al. (1977) |
| A.Costantini (2015) |
Bonifazi (2020) | |
| Bonifazi (2020) |
| DOI 10.1007/s00269-006-0111-0. +3 other references |
| Bonifazi (2020) |
Rielli et al. (2022) | |
Sammartino (2014) | |
| Barsanti M. |
| Mariani P. |
| Michele Dondi |
| Morandi et al. (1978) +2 other references |
Morandi et al. (1978) +2 other references | |
Morandi et al. (1978) +1 other reference | |
| Betti C. (2000) |
· Betti et al. (2017) | |
| Betti et al. (2017) |
| Orlandi P. (2005) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Vandall King |
| Batacchi et al. (2015) |
| · Betti et al. (2017) |
| Boschi et al. (2019) |
| forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.) |
| Nannoni |
| · Betti et al. (2017) |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1996) |
Brizzi G. et al. (1996) | |
| C. Betti (2000) |
Jamaica | |
| Scott et al. (1999) |
Japan | |
| Suzuki et al. (1976) |
Suzuki et al. (1973) +2 other references | |
| 上原誠一郎. (1987) |
| [Clinochrysotile] H. Okada (1964) |
| Congress Geol. Int'l. |
Journal of the Faculty of Science et al. (2) | |
Journal of the Faculty of Science et al. (2) | |
| Alfredo Petrov |
| Satomi Enju (2018) |
| Katou (1925) |
Katou (1925) | |
| Arai et al. (1994) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Motoiki Saito (1973) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Motoiki Saito (1973) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Kopobayeva et al. (2024) |
Lithuania | |
| Prušinskienė et al. (2017) |
Madagascar | |
| Behier (1963) |
Behier (1963) | |
Behier (1963) | |
Behier (1963) | |
| Behier (1963) |
Vapnik et al. (2003) | |
Behier (1963) | |
| Behier (1963) |
Behier (1963) | |
| Behier (1963) |
Malawi | |
| H.G. Dill |
Mauritania | |
| Marsh et al. (2015) |
Mexico | |
| Carles Canet et al. (2011) |
| Ortega-Gutierrez +2 other references |
Morocco | |
| Lhou et al. (Central Anti-Atlas, Morocco) +1 other reference |
| Chatir et al. (2022) |
Namibia | |
| [Clinochrysotile] Bezing et al. (2007) |
| [Clinochrysotile] von Bezing (2007) |
New Zealand | |
| D. F. Palmer (1966) |
| Ulrich (1890) |
| Palmer (1966) |
Christensen (1984) +1 other reference | |
Railton et al. (1990) | |
| Cross (2011) |
Cross (2011) | |
| Kelsey |
| Craw et al. (1979) |
Railton et al. (1990) | |
| Stott (pers. notes) |
Smale | |
Ulrich (1890) | |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Corner et al. (Kennecott Exploration) |
Nicaragua | |
| Venable (1994) |
North Macedonia | |
| Jovanovski et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
Norway | |
| Breivik (2001) |
| [Orthochrysotile] Bancroft et al. (2001) |
| Jøsang (1966) |
Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) | |
| Garmo (2006) |
| Augsten (2014) |
| Stuart Mills nov 2002 entry |
| Hermans |
[Clinochrysotile] Andresen (1990) | |
| Larsen (2021) |
| Svensen (2004) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Neumann (1960) |
| Eriksen (2017) |
| Plümper et al. (2012) |
| Larsen (2022) |
[Clinochrysotile] Witsø (1995) | |
[Clinochrysotile] Witsø (1995) | |
| Witsø (1994) |
| Larsen (2016) |
Oman | |
| |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Plas (1997) |
| Heling et al. (1992) |
Wheat et al. (2008) | |
Pakistan | |
| Egil Hollund Collection |
Jewel Tunnel specimens | |
Jan et al. (1984) | |
Kakar et al. (2013) | |
| |
| Rolfo et al. (1997) |
imported from Rondu District +1 other reference | |
Poland | |
| Lewandowska A. (OH) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Domań +2 other references |
| Websky M. (1853) +6 other references |
[Clinochrysotile] Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Andrzejewski K. (1993) |
Kijak E. (1934) +1 other reference | |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Gil et al. (2019) |
| Kijak E. (1933) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Krzysztof Andrzejewski |
JANECZEK J. +1 other reference | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Szełęg |
| DUBIŃSKA E. et al. (Nasławice, Lower Silesia, Poland) |
| Delura K. 2005: Magnetite-nickel sulphides-awaruite association in serpentinites from Braszowice-Brzeźnica massif (Sudetic ophiolite, SW Poland) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
Spangenberg et al. (1949) | |
Spangenberg et al. (1949) | |
| Clark (1993) |
| Chodyniecka (1967) |
Portugal | |
| Rocha et al. (2017) |
Romania | |
| Marincea +4 other references |
| Ş +1 other reference |
Ş +1 other reference | |
Pantia et al. (2021) +1 other reference | |
| Szakáll |
| Szakáll et al. (2010) |
| Marincea et al. (2011) |
| Marincea (2000) |
| Szakáll (2002) |
| Pascal et al. (2001) |
| Minerals of Carpathians |
Russia | |
| Khudyakova +3 other references |
Kiseleva +3 other references | |
| Spiridonov et al. (2018) |
| Murzin et al. (2018) |
| Filina et al. (2019) |
| Mikhailov (2000) |
| Berger +2 other references |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Talovina et al. (2003) | |
| Chudnenko +2 other references |
| Podlipsky et al. (2015) |
| Buravleva et al. (2016) |
| ... |
| [Clinochrysotile] Mikhailova et al. (2018) |
| Mandarino (2000) |
| [World of Stones 95:5-6 |
Abzalov et al. (1997) | |
| Zaikov et al. (2006) |
| Mikhailov (2000) |
| Mikhailov (2000) |
Talovina et al. (2003) | |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
| P.Kartashov data |
[World of Stones 12:49] | |
| N. V. Zayakina et al. (2015) |
| Mandarino (2000) |
| [World of Stones 2:93 p35] +2 other references |
| Kasatkin et al. (2021) |
| Murzin et al. (2009) |
| Palyanova et al. (2018) |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Ahmed et al. (2015) |
Serbia | |
| Grimsicar +2 other references |
| Grimsicar +3 other references |
Slovakia | |
| [Clinochrysotile] Ďuďa R. et al. (Schemnitz) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
Koděra (1986) +1 other reference | |
| Koděra (1986) |
Koděra (1986) | |
Grecula (1995) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Pauliš P. |
Háber et al. (Dankova, SGR Mnts) | |
Štubňa et al. (2019) | |
Pauliš P. | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
Solomon Islands | |
Fermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an ... | |
South Africa | |
| Glass (2006) |
| Anhaeusser et al. (1978) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| [Clinochrysotile] McCall (2016) |
| Armitage et al. (2002) |
| [Clinochrysotile] McCall (2016) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Rocks & Min.: 21:275. |
Paul Meulenbeld collection Photo ID: ... | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| PMPB Meulenbeld collection Photo ID: ... |
| [Clinochrysotile] Paul Meulenbeld |
| [Clinochrysotile] Von Bezing (1991) |
| Thomas J. Zega & Peter R. Buseck (2003) |
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | |
Tomblin (1965) | |
Southern Africa | |
[Clinochrysotile] Lapis 25 (2) | |
Spain | |
| Romero-Freire et al. (2018) |
| Alejandro Sánchez Jiménez |
Alejandro Sánchez Jiménez | |
Alejandro Sánchez Jiménez | |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2023) |
González-Pérez et al. (2021) | |
| González-Pérez et al. (2023) |
| Mesa et al. (2002) |
| Calvo et al. (2014) |
| Calvo (2018) |
Roland Schmidt Collection--Littleton | |
| Mata i Perelló (1990) |
| Jiménez Martínes et al. (2014) |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
| Geominero Museum of Madrid Collection |
| Casquet et al. (1998) |
| Madon et al. (1991) +3 other references |
Sweden | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| [Orthochrysotile] Hans Thulin |
| |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| |
| |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| |
[Clinochrysotile] Nysten et al. (2009) | |
| |
| [Clinochrysotile] Sandström et al. (2009) |
[Clinochrysotile] Östra Värmlands Mineral Society | |
| [Clinochrysotile] Nysten (2004) |
| |
| |
| |
| Öhman (2003) |
Switzerland | |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Dietrich (1972) |
| Volker Dietrich (1972) |
| Tarnuzzer (1902) +3 other references |
Schmidt (1917) +3 other references | |
Tarnuzzer (1902) +3 other references | |
de Quervain (1963) +1 other reference | |
| Gröbner J. (2017) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Stalder et al. (1998) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| |
| Ansermet et al. (2012) |
Ansermet et al. (2012) | |
Ansermet et al. (2012) | |
Ansermet et al. (2012) | |
| Ansermet et al. (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| found by Frank de Wit |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
Gerard van der Veldt collection | |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
Taiwan | |
| Wan et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| |
Tajikistan | |
| Badalov et al. (1977) |
Trinidad and Tobago | |
| Scott et al. (1999) |
Turkey | |
| Dietrich et al. (1978) |
| Günay et al. (2016) |
| C. Ozturk (2017) |
UK | |
| Turner et al. (2010) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Power et al. (1997) |
Alysson Rowan collection | |
| Hall (1979) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1967 36 : 614-616 |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) |
| Ford et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
Ford et al. (1993) | |
| Harry et al. (1948) |
Heddle | |
| Hoersch (1981) |
| |
| Braithwaite et al. (1983) |
| Anderson et al (1949) |
Ukraine | |
| Ian D. R. Mackinnon (1980) |
| Pekov (1998) |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
- (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
- (2008) | |
- (2008) | |
| - (2008) |
- (2008) | |
| Witkind (1963) |
| Graeme (1981) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Anthony et al. (1995) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Anthony et al. (1995) |
Galbraith (1959) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Brenda B. Houser (1992) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Noble (1914) +1 other reference |
Noble (1914) +1 other reference | |
Allen (1921) | |
Allen (1921) | |
Allen (1921) | |
| Bromfield (1956) |
| Moore (1968) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027414 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10065083 | |
| Bromfield (1956) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027451 |
| Bromfield (1956) |
| Bromfield (1956) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10060325 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10099517 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10009459 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10065080 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10065084 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10065077 | |
| Moore (1968) |
Moore (1968) | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027452 |
Moore (1968) | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10065093 |
| Moore (1968) |
Moore (1968) | |
Moore (1968) | |
[Clinochrysotile] King (n.d.) | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10060321 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10065081 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027367 | |
Bromfield (1956) | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10065076 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10026847 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10065088 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027355 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10065082 |
| Bromfield (1956) |
Bromfield (1956) | |
| Bromfield (1956) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10065090 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10209584 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10065074 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10026842 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027360 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027361 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10065086 | |
Allen (1921) | |
Mason (1976) | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027394 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10026863 |
| Granger et al. (Figure 51) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10009452 |
| Engr. Mining Jour. (1915) +4 other references |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027392 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10065078 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027390 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10102482 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10099392 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027400 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027089 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027403 | |
Bromfield (1956) | |
Bromfield (1956) | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10060322 +2 other references | |
Bromfield (1956) | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027396 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027450 |
Moore (1968) | |
MRDS Database Dep. ID #10102483 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027395 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027389 | |
Moore (1968) | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027391 | |
| Bromfield (1956) |
Bromfield (1956) | |
| Bromfield (1956) |
| Bromfield (1956) |
[Orthochrysotile] Tony Nikischer | |
Stewart (1956) +1 other reference | |
| Moore (1968) |
Moore (1968) | |
Stewart (1955) +1 other reference | |
Moore (1968) | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027362 |
| Bromfield (1956) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027407 |
| Bromfield (1956) |
Bromfield (1956) | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027404 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10026850 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10102470 |
| Engineering & Mining Jour. (1915) +5 other references |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10102471 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10109032 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10048207 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027453 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10065079 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027447 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027358 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027371 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10009700 +1 other reference | |
Engineering & Mining Jour. (1915) +4 other references | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10060327 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10060326 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10105114 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10099393 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10185572 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10101429 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027323 +1 other reference |
| MRDS datbase Dep. ID #10027325 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027330 |
| Moore (1968) |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10185573 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10065075 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10027401. |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10282973. |
| [Clinochrysotile] Grant et al. (2005) |
| Moore (1968) |
| Moore (1968) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10056423 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10056421 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10113629 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10056424 |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10095937 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10056422 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10137474 |
MRDS database Dep. ID 10137940 | |
MRDS database Dep. ID #10095936 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10056419 +1 other reference |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10056418 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10234751 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10056420 |
| Howard (1987) +1 other reference |
Howard (1987) +1 other reference | |
| |
| Rocks & Min.:63:122 +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 420. +3 other references |
| Tucker (1916) +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Clark et al. (1963) |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 422. +7 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 421-422. +2 other references |
Tucker (1916) +2 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| [Orthochrysotile] |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Logan (1938) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 422. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 422. +4 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 422. +2 other references |
[Clinochrysotile] Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 64 +3 other references | |
| Diller (1921) +1 other reference |
| Macdonald (1941) +1 other reference |
| [Clinochrysotile] Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 143 +2 other references |
Mineralogical Record (1989) | |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 198. +2 other references | |
[Clinochrysotile] Montoya (1963) | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 422. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 422. +1 other reference |
Murdoch (1966) | |
| Brown (1916a) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Bowles (1930) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 422. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 215 +2 other references |
Pelletier | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 423. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 145 +2 other references |
| Laizure (1925) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 422-423. +2 other references |
| Root (1924) +1 other reference |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 423. +3 other references | |
| Root (1927) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Diller (1919) +1 other reference |
| Rogers (1918b) +2 other references |
| Woodford et al. (1941) |
| www.mikon-online.com (n.d.) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 199. +1 other reference |
American Mineralogist 1965: 50: ... | |
| Joseph F. Cooper Jr. et al. (2003) |
| |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 423. +3 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 423. +5 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +2 other references |
| [Clinochrysotile] Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +3 other references |
Sampson (1923) +3 other references | |
| Bradley (1929a) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 399. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +2 other references |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +2 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +3 other references |
| Averill (1931) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +3 other references |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +3 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +3 other references |
| Tucker (1919) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +2 other references |
| Leicht et al. (1994) |
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 424. +2 other references | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Januzzi (1994) |
Manchester (1931) | |
| Eric Briggs collection |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Specimens collected by Jeremy Zolan in ... |
| Robinson (1825) |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Dana (1891) |
| Dana 6:1070. |
| Cook (1978) +1 other reference |
| Cook (1978) |
Van Gosen (2005) | |
| Van Gosen (2005) |
| Cook (1978) |
Rocks & Min.:64:202 +2 other references | |
Van Gosen (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Ream (1995) |
| American Mineralogist: 52: 1261-1271. |
| King et al. (1994) |
[Clinochrysotile] Boucot et al. (1964) | |
| [Clinochrysotile] Pavlides |
| [Clinochrysotile] King et al. (1994) |
[Clinochrysotile] pubs.usgs.gov (n.d.) | |
| [Clinochrysotile] King et al. (1994) |
| Thompson et al. (1998) |
| Ostrander (1940) |
| Ref: Minerals of the Washington |
| Jat Thompson Collection |
| Mineralogical Record Vol 12 #3 May/June ... |
| Pearre et al. (1960) |
| Ostrander (1940) |
| 'Serpentinite and Rodingite in the ... +15 other references |
Jat Thompson Collection | |
| "Western Massachusetts Mineral ... |
| P. Cristofono collection |
Harvard Museum of Natural History | |
Sears (1905) | |
P. Cristofono collection | |
Gleba (2008) | |
| Ted Johnson collection |
| - (1917) +1 other reference |
| - (1917) |
| Gleba (2008) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Heinrich et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
... | |
| Morris Jr. (1983) |
| Morris Jr. (1983) |
| Allan Blaske collection |
Heinrich et al. (2004) | |
| |
| |
| David Frank and Lorraine Edmond (2001) |
| - (2005) |
| |
Jay Ellis Ransom | |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| [Orthochrysotile] Castor et al. (2004) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Castor et al. (2004) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Castor et al. (2004) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Castor et al. (2004) |
| |
| Nashua Min Soc. Disp. Cat. 1995 |
| The Minerals of NYC & Its Environs et al. (1931) |
| A Quest for New Jersey Minerals (1978) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| The Minerals of NYC & Its Environs et al. (1931) |
| NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt. (1878) |
| A Quest for New Jersey Minerals (1978) |
Mins. of NYC & Its Environs et al. (1931) | |
| Manchester (1931) |
| NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt. (1886) +1 other reference |
| Manchester (1931) |
Manchester (1931) | |
| The Minerals of NYC & Its Environs et al. (1931) |
Dunn (1995, 2004) | |
Moritz (n.d.) | |
Moritz (n.d.) | |
| Rumrill et al. (2002) |
Van Fleet et al. (2013) | |
Van Fleet et al. (2013) | |
[Clinochrysotile] Peter Chin | |
| A Quest for New Jersey Minerals (1978) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt. (1900) |
NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt. (1900) | |
| NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt. (1895) +1 other reference |
| |
| |
| The Iron Mines of NJ (1910) |
| Min. Ind. of NJ for 1934: 11. |
| NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt. (1900) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Gillerman (1964) |
Manchester (1931) | |
| Zodac |
| Rocks & Min.:62:80 +1 other reference |
[Clinochrysotile] John H. Betts (2009) | |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Observed David S. Bernstein- Feb. 2012 |
Observed by David S. Bernstein- ... | |
Collected David S. Bernstein- Feb. 2012 | |
| Jensen (1978) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Manchester (1931) |
Manchester (1931) | |
Manchester (1931) | |
| Manchester (1931) |
Maertens (2023) | |
Manchester (1931) | |
Manchester (1931) | |
| Manchester (1931) |
NY State Museum Bull. Nos. 249-250 et al. (Sep-Oct 1921) +1 other reference | |
| New York State Museum Bull. 223 et al. (July-August 1919) |
Manchester (1931) | |
Manchester (1931) | |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Jensen (1978) |
| New York State Museum Bull. 223 et al. (July-August 1919) |
Rocks & Minerals 82:472-483 | |
Newland (1919) | |
Rocks & Minerals 82:472-483 | |
| Manchester (1931) |
Manchester (1931) | |
Manchester (1931) | |
Manchester (1931) | |
Manchester (1931) | |
Manchester (1931) | |
| Ref: Gems and Minerals of America-Jay ... |
| C.W. Allen collection |
| Dana 6:1075. |
| Dana 6:515 |
Dana 6:1077. | |
| NC NOA Site Screening Summary Report +1 other reference |
| North Carolina NOA Site Screening ... +1 other reference |
North Carolina NOA Site Screening Summary Report (2006) | |
| North Carolina NOA Site Screening ... +1 other reference |
| Ref.: Dana 6:499 |
| Rocks & Min.:60:91. |
| North Carolina NOA Site Screening ... +1 other reference |
| Genth |
Genth | |
| C.W. Allen collection |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Oregon Metal Mines Handbook |
| - (2005) |
| Dana 6:471 |
Dana 6: 446 | |
... | |
| Joe Dunleavy (Pers. Comm.) |
| Min PA 1922 S. Gordon pg. 199 |
| |
Personally Collected 4/12/2008 | |
A.Mathauser collection | |
Mineralogical Record (1981) | |
Observed David S. Bernstein- June of ... | |
| Lapham & Geyer |
Dana 6: 1069. | |
| Lapham & Geyer |
| Lapham & Geyer |
| Miller |
| Miller |
| Miller |
| [Clinochrysotile] Michael W. Kieron coll. +1 other reference |
| [Clinochrysotile] |
| Morrill et al. (1969) |
| Paris (2011) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 66 (3) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 66 (3) |
Roselle M. Girard (1964) | |
| Morrill & Chaffee |
| Chidester et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| pubs.usgs.gov (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| pubs.usgs.gov (n.d.) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| - (2005) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Frank et al. (2001) |
| Rocks & Min.:60:167. |
Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis ... | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference |
| S.W. Hobbs and W.T. Pecora (1941) |
| Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference |
| Cordua (1998) |
| Rocks & Minerals 76:382 |
| Rocks & Minerals 76:385 |
Rocks & Minerals 76:385 +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Minerals 76:386 |
| Rocks & Minerals 76:388 |
Rocks & Minerals 76:388 | |
Rocks & Minerals 76:388 | |
Venezuela | |
| Domènech et al. (2022) |
Zambia | |
| Zwaan et al. (2005) |
Zimbabwe | |
[Clinochrysotile] Cairncross (2004) | |
| [Clinochrysotile] Cairncross (2004) |
| [Clinochrysotile] Cairncross (2004) |
[Clinochrysotile] Cairncross (2004) | |
| Wolfgang Hampel |
| [Clinochrysotile] Cairncross (2004) |
[Clinochrysotile] Cairncross (2004) | |
Murahwi (1996) | |
| Weber |
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Teliatko serpentinite body, Dobšiná, Rožňava District, Košice Region, Slovakia