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Etmopterus spinax Velvet Belly

Etmopterus spinaxis commonly referred to as Velvet Belly. Difficulty in the aquarium: Only for advanced aquarists. A aquarium size of at least 10000 Liter is recommended. Toxicity: Toxic hazard unknown.

Profilbild Urheber Anders Salesjö, Schweden

copyright Anders Salesjö, Schweden


Courtesy of the author Anders Salesjö, Schweden . Please visit www.salesjo.com for more information.

Uploaded by AndiV.

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lexID:
2834 
AphiaID:
105913 
Scientific:
Etmopterus spinax 
German:
Schwarzer Dornhai 
English:
Velvet Belly 
Category:
Sharks 
Family tree:
Animalia (Kingdom) > Chordata (Phylum) > Elasmobranchii (Class) > Squaliformes (Order) > Etmopteridae (Family) > Etmopterus (Genus) > spinax (Species) 
Initial determination:
(Linnaeus, ), 1758 
Occurrence:
East-Atlantic Ocean, European Coasts, South-Africa, the Mediterranean Sea 
Sea depth:
200 - 2490 Meter 
Size:
15.75" - 23.62" (40cm - 60cm) 
Weight:
850 g 
Temperature:
44.6 °F - 77 °F (7°C - 25°C) 
Food:
Crabs, Crustaceans, Jellyfish, Sepia 
Tank:
2199.78 gal (~ 10000L)  
Difficulty:
Only for advanced aquarists 
Offspring:
Not available as offspring 
Toxicity:
Toxic hazard unknown 
CITES:
Not evaluated 
Red List:
Not evaluated (NE) 
Related species at
Catalog of Life:
  • Etmopterus alphus
  • Etmopterus baxteri
  • Etmopterus benchleyi
  • Etmopterus bigelowi
  • Etmopterus brachyurus
  • Etmopterus bullisi
  • Etmopterus burgessi
  • Etmopterus carteri
  • Etmopterus caudistigmus
  • Etmopterus compagnoi
 
Author:
Publisher:
Meerwasser-Lexikon.de
Created:
Last edit:
2009-06-18 15:21:18 

Info



Shark bites can be quite lethal to humans, especially the 10 most dangerous shark species are considered and can launch unprovoked attacks from humans: - Great white shark - Bull shark - Tiger shark - Sand tiger shark - Blacktip shark - Bronze shark - Spinner shark - Blue shark - Hammerhead shark - Whitetip shark The bite by a shark is one of the most basic fears of humans, but the number of deaths caused by shark attacks is very low: in 2015 there were 98 attacks by sharks and in 6 cases the attack resulted in a fatal end for humans. In 2016 there were 107 attacks by sharks and in 8 cases the attack resulted in a fatal end for humans. Sources: http://hai.ch/Hai-Infos/Unfaelle/index.html http://www.focus.de/reisen/videos/auch-urlaubsorte-betroffen-schrecklicher-rekord-2016-gab-es-mehr-hai-angriffe-als-je-zuvor_id_6519581.html http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/hai-angriffe-erreichen-2015-rekordhoch-weiterer-anstieg-erwartet-a-1076339.html http://www.zeit.de/2016/37/haie-toetung-tierschutz-surfer
In 2022, there were a total of 108 shark attacks in the USA.

Conversely, however, 100 million sharks were killed by humans. http://www.zeit.de/2016/37/haie-toetung-tierschutz-surfer The risk of being bitten by a shark varies greatly from region to region, with most attacks occurring in Florida, Australia and South Africa. Please be careful not to go into the water with bleeding skin wounds, heed bathing warnings from the authorities and be very careful when using surfboards, as sharks can easily confuse the boards with seals and harbour seals. After shark bites, always call a doctor or / and the rescue service as soon as possible, as heavy bleeding can be life-threatening.

https://worldanimalfoundation.org/advocate/shark-attack-statistics/

Scientific paper

  1. Demography of a deep-sea lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax) caught in trawl fisheries of the northeastern Atlantic: Application of Leslie matrices with incorporated uncertainties, Coelho, Rui; Alpizar-Jara, Russell; Erzini, Karim , 2015
  2. Metazoan parasite communities and diet of the velvet belly lantern shark Etmopterus spinax (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae): a comparison of two deep-sea ecosystems, Isbert, W.; Rodríguez-Cabello, C.; Frutos, I.; Preciado, I.; Montero, F. E.; Pérez-del-Olmo, A. , 2015
  3. Cytological changes during luminescence production in lanternshark (Etmopterus spinaxLinnaeus, 1758) photophores, Renwart, Marie; Delroisse, Jérôme; Flammang, Patrick; Claes, Julien M.; Mallefet, Jérôme , 2015
  4. First study of the chemistry of the luminous system in a deep-sea shark, Etmopterus spinax Linnaeus, 1758 (Chondrichthyes: Etmopteridae), Renwart, Marie; Mallefet, Jérôme , 2013
  5. Ultrastructure of vitellogenesis and vitellocytes in the trypanorhynch cestode Aporhynchus menezesi, a parasite of the velvet belly lanternshark Etmopterus spinax, Świderski, Zdzisław; Miquel, Jordi; Marigo, Adji Mama; Gibson, David I. , 2012
  6. GABA inhibition of luminescence from lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax) photophores, Julien M. Claes; Jenny Krönström; Susanne Holmgren; Jérôme Mallefet, 2011
  7. Cryptic diversity and species assignment of large lantern sharks of the Etmopterus spinax clade from the Southern Hemisphere (Squaliformes, Etmopteridae), Nicolas Straube; Jürgen Kriwet; Ulrich Kurt Schliewen, 2011
  8. Nitric oxide in the control of luminescence from lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax) photophores, Claes, J. M.; Kronstrom, J.; Holmgren, S.; Mallefet, J. , 2010
  9. Phantom hunter of the fjords: Camouflage by counterillumination in a shark (Etmopterus spinax), Julien M. Claes; Dag L. Aksnes; Jérôme Mallefet, 2010
  10. Functional physiology of lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax) luminescent pattern: differential hormonal regulation of luminous zones, Claes, J. M.; Mallefet, J. , 2010
  11. Depth distribution of the velvet belly, Etmopterus spinax , in relation to growth and reproductive cycle: The case study of a deep-water lantern shark with a wide-ranging critical habitat, Coelho, Rui; Erzini, Karim , 2010
  12. Comparing Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of the velvet belly lanternshark, Etmopterus spinax , with comments on the efficiency of density-dependent compensatory mechanisms, Coelho, Rui; Rey, Javier; Gil de Sola, Luis; Fernandez de Carvalho, Joana; Erzini, Karim , 2010
  13. Hormonal control of luminescence from lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax) photophores, Claes, J. M.; Mallefet, J. , 2009
  14. Ontogeny of photophore pattern in the velvet belly lantern shark, Etmopterus spinax, Julien M. Claes; Jérôme Mallefet, 2009
  15. Biological aspects of the velvet belly lantern shark, Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758) off the Azores, North East Atlantic, Aranha, Ana; Menezes, Gui; Pinho, Mário Rui , 2009
  16. First age and growth estimates in the deep water shark,Etmopterus Spinax(Linnaeus, 1758), by deep coned vertebral analysis, Enrico Gennari; Umberto Scacco, 2007
  17. Feeding habits of the velvet belly lanternshark Etmopterus spinax (Chondrichthyes: Etmopteridae) off the Algarve, southern Portugal, Neiva, João; Coelho, Rui; Erzini, Karim , 2006
  18. Length at first maturity of two species of lantern sharks ( Etmopterus spinax and Etmopterus pusillus ) off southern Portugal, Coelho, Rui; Erzini, Karim , 2005
  19. Metazoan parasites and food composition of juvenileEtmopterus spinax(L., 1758) (Dalatiidae, Squaliformes) from the Norwegian Deep, Sven Klimpel; Harry W. Palm; Annett Seehagen, 2003
  20. Quantitative Genetics of Vertebrae Number and Position of Dorsal Fin Spines in the Velvet Belly Shark, Etmopterus spinax, Douglas Tave, 1984
  21. The Cellular Structure of the Leydig Organ in the Shark, Etmopterus spinax (L.), Artur Mattisson and Ragnar Fänge, 1982
  22. Morphometric and autoradiographic studies on the growth of red and white axial muscle fibres in the sharkEtmopterus spinax, Harald Kryvi; Arne Eide, 1977
  23. The structure of the embryonic external gill filaments of the Velvet belly shark Etmopterus spinax, Harald Kryvi, 1976
  24. On the small deep-sea shark Etmopterus spinax L. and its cirripede parasite Anelasma squalicola (Loven) : Hickling C.F., 1963. J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology, 45 (303): 17–24, , 1965
  25. Über Aktivitätsphasen im Epithel des Saccus vasculosus vonEtmopterus spinax, Helmut Altner, 1965
  26. Nerves of the neuro-intermediate lobe ofEtmopterus spinax(elasmobranchi), Patrick Meurling, 1963

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copyright Anders Salesjö, Schweden
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copyright Rudolf Svensen
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Schwarzer Dornhai / Ocean Photo E. Svenson
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