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Littorina saxatilis Black-lined Periwinkle, Rough Periwinkle

Littorina saxatilisis commonly referred to as Black-lined Periwinkle, Rough Periwinkle. Difficulty in the aquarium: Not suitable for aquarium keeping. Toxicity: Toxic hazard unknown.

Profilbild Urheber Jeff Goddard, USA

Littorina saxatilis, Maine , USA 2023


Courtesy of the author Jeff Goddard, USA Copyright Jeff Goddard, USA. Please visit www.flickr.com for more information.

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lexID:
3312 
AphiaID:
140264 
Scientific:
Littorina saxatilis 
German:
Kleine Strandschnecke, Spitze Strandschnecke, Raue Strandschnecke, Dunkle Strandschnecke 
English:
Black-lined Periwinkle, Rough Periwinkle 
Category:
Snails 
Family tree:
Animalia (Kingdom) > Mollusca (Phylum) > Gastropoda (Class) > Littorinimorpha (Order) > Littorinidae (Family) > Littorina (Genus) > saxatilis (Species) 
Initial determination:
(Olivi, ), 1792 
Occurrence:
the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean), Azores, Belgium, Canada , East-Atlantic Ocean, European Coasts, France, Germany, Gulf of Maine, Madeira, Namibia, North Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic, South-Africa, Sweden, the British Isles, USA, West-Atlantic Ocean 
Marine Zone:
Supralitoral 
Sea depth:
0 - 2 Meter 
Habitats:
Wadden Sea 
Size:
0" - 5.91" (0,6cm - 15cm) 
Temperature:
32 °F - 86 °F (0°C - 30°C) 
Food:
Algae, Detritus, Dustfood , Flakes 
Difficulty:
Not suitable for aquarium keeping 
Offspring:
None 
Toxicity:
Toxic hazard unknown 
CITES:
Not evaluated 
Red List:
Not evaluated (NE) 
Related species at
Catalog of Life:
 
Author:
Publisher:
Meerwasser-Lexikon.de
Created:
Last edit:
2023-02-21 15:02:57 

Info

Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)

Synonymised names:
Litorina groenlandica Menke, 1830 · unaccepted
Litorina incarnata Philippi, 1846 · unaccepted
Litorina marmorata L. Pfeiffer, 1839 · unaccepted
Litorina rudis (Maton, 1797) · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Litorina sulcata Menke, 1830 · unaccepted
Litorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803) · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Litorina tenebrosa var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850 · unaccepted (synonym)
Littorina (Littorina) saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) · unaccepted
Littorina (Littorivaga) saxatile La Roque, 1953 · unaccepted (unjustified emendation of L. saxatilis)
Littorina (Littorivaga) saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) · unaccepted > superseded combination
Littorina castanea Deshayes, 1843 · unaccepted
Littorina danieli Locard, 1886 · unaccepted
Littorina groenlandica Menke, 1830 · unaccepted
Littorina marmorata L. Pfeiffer, 1839 · unaccepted (synonym)
Littorina neglecta W. Bean, 1844 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Littorina nervillei Dautzenberg, 1893 · unaccepted
Littorina nervillei var. major Pallary, 1924 · unaccepted
Littorina nigrolineata Gray, 1839 · unaccepted
Littorina palliata var. turritella Schlesch, 1916 · unaccepted
Littorina patula Thorpe, 1844 · unaccepted (dubious synonym)
Littorina rudis (Maton, 1797) · unaccepted (synonym)
Littorina rudis f. elatior Middendorff, 1849 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. albida Dautzenberg, 1887 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. alticola Dacie, 1917 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. aurantia Dautzenberg, 1887 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. brevis Dautzenberg, 1887 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. conoidea Schlesch, 1916 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. fasciata Dautzenberg, 1887 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. finmarchia Herzenstein, 1885 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. globosa Jeffreys, 1865 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. globosa Martel, 1901 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. laevis Jeffreys, 1865 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. major Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. rubescens Monterosato, 1878 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. scotia S. M. Smith, 1979 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. similis Jeffreys, 1865 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. sulcata Martel, 1901 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. tenebrosapallida L. E. Adams, 1896 · unaccepted
Littorina rudis var. tessellata Dautzenberg, 1893 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatile La Roque, 1953 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatile saxatile La Roque, 1953 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis G. Johnston, 1842 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis f. abbreviata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis f. conoidea Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis f. elongata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis f. minor Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis groenlandica Menke, 1830 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis groenlandica var. sculpta Schlesch, 1931 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis jugosa (Montagu, 1803) · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis jugosa var. bynei Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis jugosa var. tenuis James, 1968 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis nigrolineata Gray, 1839 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis rudis (Maton, 1797) · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis rudis var. rudissimoides James, 1968 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis scotia Graham, 1988 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803) · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. biinterrupta Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1963 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. bizonaria James, 1963 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. elata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. maculata Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1963 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. bynei Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. clarilineata Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. elata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. flammulata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. fulva Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. fusca Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. gascae Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. groenlandica Menke, 1830 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. hieroglyphica Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850 · unaccepted (synonym)
Littorina saxatilis var. interrupta Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. laevis Jeffreys, 1865 · unaccepted (synonym)
Littorina saxatilis var. lagunae Barnes, 1993 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. lineata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. lugubris Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. lutea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900 · unaccepted (synonym)
Littorina saxatilis var. matoni Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. nigra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. nojensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. rubra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. rubrolineata Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. rudis (Maton, 1797) · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. salvati Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. sanguinea Coen, 1933 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. sanguinea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900 · unaccepted (synonym)
Littorina saxatilis var. sellensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. similis Jeffreys, 1865 · unaccepted (synonym)
Littorina saxatilis var. tessellata Dautzenberg, 1893 · unaccepted (synonym)
Littorina saxatilis var. tractibus Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. trifasciata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted
Littorina saxatilis var. zonata Daniel, 1883 · unaccepted
Littorina saxoides Nardo, 1847 · unaccepted
Littorina simplex Reeve, 1857 · unaccepted
Littorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803) · unaccepted
Littorina tenebrosa f. elatior Middendorff, 1849 · unaccepted
Littorina tenebrosa var. costulata Middendorff, 1849 · unaccepted
Littorina tenebrosa var. densecostulata Middendorff, 1849 · unaccepted
Littorina tenebrosa var. grisolacteus Middendorff, 1849 · unaccepted
Littorina tenebrosa var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850 · unaccepted
Littorina tenebrosa var. rubidus Middendorff, 1849 · unaccepted
Littorina tenebrosa var. tessellatus Middendorff, 1849 · unaccepted
Littorina tenebrosa var. zonatus Middendorff, 1849 · unaccepted
Littorina zonaria W. Bean, 1844 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Nerita rustica Nardo, 1847 · unaccepted
Turbo albocinctus Link, 1807 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo davidis Röding, 1798 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo diminutus Link, 1807 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo groenlandicus Röding, 1798 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo jugosus Montagu, 1803 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo obligatus Say, 1822 · unaccepted
Turbo rudis Maton, 1797 · unaccepted
Turbo rudissimus G. Johnston, 1842 · unaccepted
Turbo saxatilis Olivi, 1792 · unaccepted
Turbo tenebrosus Montagu, 1803 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo vestita Say, 1822 · unaccepted (synonym)

Direct children (34):
Forma Littorina saxatilis f. abbreviata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Forma Littorina saxatilis f. conoidea Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Forma Littorina saxatilis f. elongata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Forma Littorina saxatilis f. minor Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Subspecies Littorina saxatilis groenlandica Menke, 1830 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Subspecies Littorina saxatilis jugosa (Montagu, 1803) accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Subspecies Littorina saxatilis nigrolineata Gray, 1839 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Subspecies Littorina saxatilis patula Thorpe, 1844 accepted as Littorina arcana Hannaford-Ellis, 1978
Subspecies Littorina saxatilis rudis (Maton, 1797) accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Subspecies Littorina saxatilis scotia Graham, 1988 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Subspecies Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803) accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. cinerea Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 accepted as Littorina compressa Jeffreys, 1865
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. clarilineata Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. flammulata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. fulva Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. fusca Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. gascae Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. groenlandica Menke, 1830 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. hieroglyphica Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. interrupta Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. lagunae Barnes, 1993 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. lineata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. lugubris Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. miniata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina compressa Jeffreys, 1865
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. nigra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. nojensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. rubra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. rubrolineata Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. rudis (Maton, 1797) accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. salvati Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. sanguinea Coen, 1933 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. sellensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. tractibus Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
Variety Littorina saxatilis var. trifasciata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)

Scientific paper

  1. No precopulatory inbreeding avoidance in the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis, Ng, Terence P. T.; Johannesson, Kerstin , 2015
  2. Selection on outlier loci and their association with adaptive phenotypes in Littorina saxatilis contact zones, Hollander, J.; Galindo, J.; Butlin, R. K. , 2015
  3. Do the same genes underlie parallel phenotypic divergence in different Littorina saxatilis populations?, Westram, A. M.; Galindo, J.; Alm Rosenblad, M.; Grahame, J. W.; Panova, M.; Butlin, R. K. , 2014
  4. Measuring bioavailable metals using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and transplanted seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus), blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and sea snails (Littorina saxatilis) suspended from monitoring buoys near a former lead–zinc mine in West Greenland, Søndergaard, Jens; Bach, Lis; Gustavson, Kim , 2014
  5. Characterization of new EST-linked microsatellites in the rough periwinkle (Littorina saxatilis) and application for parentage analysis, Charrier, G.; Ring, A.-K.; Johansson, E.; Dahl, M.; Hintz Saltin, S.; Panova, M.; Johannesson, K.; Andre, C. , 2013
  6. Dietary effects on shell growth and shape in an intertidal marine snail, Littorina saxatilis, Saura, M.; Rivas, M. J.; Diz, A. P.; Caballero, A.; Rolan-Alvarez, E. , 2012
  7. Phylogeographic analysis reveals a deep lineage split within North Atlantic Littorina saxatilis, Doellman, M. M.; Trussell, G. C.; Grahame, J. W.; Vollmer, S. V., 2011
  8. Phylogeographic analysis reveals a deep lineage split within North Atlantic Littorina saxatilis, Meredith M. Doellman, Geoffrey C. Trussell, John W. Grahame and Steve V. Vollmer, 2011
  9. Lack of early laboratory postzygotic reproductive isolation between two ecotypes ofLittorina saxatilis(Mollusca, Gastropoda) showing strong premating sexual isolation, M. Saura; M. Martínez-Fernández; M. J. Rivas; A. Caballero; E. Rolán-Alvarez, 2011
  10. An EST-based genome scan using 454 sequencing in the marine snail Littorina saxatilis, J. GALINDO; J. W. GRAHAME; R. K. BUTLIN, 2010
  11. Insights into the role of differential gene expression on the ecological adaptation of the snailLittorina saxatilis, Mónica Martínez-Fernández; Louis Bernatchez; Emilio Rolán-Alvarez; Humberto Quesada, 2010
  12. Elevated female fecundity as a possible compensatory mechanism in response to trematode infestation in populations of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi), A.I. Granovitch; E.B. Yagunova; A.N. Maximovich; I.M. Sokolova, 2009
  13. Characterization of polymorphic microsatellites for the rough periwinkle gastropod,Littorina saxatilis(Olivi, 1792) and their cross-amplification in four congeners, Caitríona E. McInerney; A. Louise Allcock; Mark P. Johnson; Paulo A. Prodöhl, 2009
  14. Microsatellite cross-species amplification in the genus Littorina and detection of null alleles in Littorina saxatilis, Panova, M.; Makinen, T.; Fokin, M.; Andre, C.; Johannesson, K. , 2008
  15. The relationship between hatching rate and number of embryos of the brood pouch in Littorina saxatilis, P. Conde-Padín; M. Carballo; A. Caballero; E. Rolán-Alvarez, 2008
  16. Genetic differentiation on multiple spatial scales in an ecotype-forming marine snail with limited dispersal: Littorina saxatilis, TUULI MÄKINEN; MARINA PANOVA; KERSTIN JOHANNESSON; ANDREY TATARENKOV; CHRISTIN APPELQVIST; CARL ANDRÉ, 2008
  17. High Levels of Multiple Paternity in Littorina saxatilis: Hedging the Bets?, Makinen, T.; Panova, M.; Andre, C. , 2007
  18. Sympatric speciation as a by-product of ecological adaptation in the Galician Littorina saxatilis hybrid zone, Rolan-Alvarez, E., 2007
  19. Detecting shape differences in species of the Littorina saxatilis complex by morphometric analysis, Conde-Padin, P.; Grahame, J.W.; Rolan-Alvarez, E., 2007
  20. Changes of phospholipid fatty acid composition in the digestive gland of the molluscLittorina saxatilis, caused by trematode larvae, E. S. Arakelova; M. A. Chebotareva; S. A. Zabelinskii; E. P. Shukolyukova, 2007
  21. Adaptation to a Steep Environmental Gradient and an Associated Barrier to Gene Exchange in Littorina saxatilis, John W. Grahame, Craig S. Wilding and Roger K. Butlin, 2006
  22. Interactive Effects of Copper, Cadmium and Lead on Zinc Accumulation in the Gastropod MolluscLittorina Saxatilis, Erema R. Daka; Stephen J. Hawkins, 2006
  23. Heavy metal concentrations in Littorina saxatilis and Enteromorpha intestinalis from Manx Estuaries, Erema R. Daka, 2005
  24. DECOMPOSING SHELL FORM INTO SIZE AND SHAPE BY GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC METHODS IN TWO SYMPATRIC ECOTYPES OF LITTORINA SAXATILIS, CARVAJAL-RODRIGUEZ, A., 2005
  25. Genetic Differentiation and Estimation of Effective Population Size and Migration Rates in Two Sympatric Ecotypes of the Marine Snail Littorina saxatilis, Fernandez, J.; Galindo, J.; Fernandez, B.; Perez-Figueroa, A.; Caballero, A.; Rolan-Alvarez, E. , 2005
  26. Habitat-dependent Ecotype Micro-distribution at the Mid-shore in Natural Populations ofLittorina saxatilis, M. Carballo; A. Caballero; E. Rolán-Alvarez, 2005
  27. Tolerance to heavy metals in Littorina saxatilis from a metal contaminated estuary in the Isle of Man, Daka, Erema R.; Hawkins, Stephen J. , 2004
  28. Island isolation and habitat heterogeneity correlate with DNA variation in a marine snail (Littorina saxatilis), KERSTIN JOHANNESSON; JOAKIM LUNDBERG; CARL ANDRÉ; PER G. NILSSON, 2004
  29. Microscale variation inAat(aspartate aminotransferase) is supported by activity differences between upper and lower shore allozymes ofLittorina saxatilis, M. Panova; K. Johannesson, 2004
  30. Metabolic plasticity and critical temperatures for aerobic scope in a eurythermal marine invertebrate (Littorina saxatilis, Gastropoda: Littorinidae) from different latitudes, Sokolova, I. M., 2003
  31. Using environmental effects on fecundity to compare the adaptive characteristics of the morphs in a hybrid zone ofLittorina saxatilis, Raquel Cruz; Carlos Garcia, 2003
  32. Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers from the marine gastropod Littorina saxatilis, E. P. Sokolov; I. M. Sokolova; H.-O. Pörtner, 2002
  33. Differential gene exchange between parapatric morphs of Littorina saxatilis detected using AFLP markers, C. S. Wilding; R. K. Butlin; J. Grahame, 2001
  34. Sexual selection on phenotypic traits in a hybrid zone of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi), R. Cruz; E. Rolán-Álvarez; C. García, 2001
  35. Composition and relative abundance of microsatellite repeats in genome of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) (Gastropoda: Littorinidae), Sokolov, E. P.; Sokolova, I. M.; Portner, H.-O. , 2001
  36. POPULATION GENETICS OF A SNAIL SPECIES COMPLEX IN THE BRITISH ISLES: LITTORINA SAXATILIS (OLIVI), L. NEGLECTA BEAN AND L. TENEBROSA (MONTAGU), USING SSCP ANALYSIS OF CYTOCHROME-B GENE FRAGMENTS, SMALL, M. P., 2001
  37. Disruptive selection on female reproductive characters in a hybrid zone ofLittorina saxatilis, R. Cruz; C. García, 2001
  38. Physiological variation related to shell colour polymorphism in White Sea Littorina saxatilis, I.M Sokolova; V.Ja Berger, 2000
  39. HYBRID FITNESS SEEMS NOT TO BE AN EXPLANATION FOR THE PARTIAL REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION BETWEEN ECOTYPES OF GALICIAN LITTORINA SAXATILIS, JOHANNESSON, K., 2000
  40. Effects of Salinity on the Growth Rate and Survival of Juvenile Littorina saxatilis Gastropods from Habitats with Different Salinity Regimes, I. M. Sokolova, 2000
  41. Species relationships and population structure of Littorina saxatilis Olivi and L. tenebrosa Montagu in Ireland using single-strand conformational polymorphisms (SSCPs) of cytochrome b fragments, M. P. Small; E. M. Gosling, 2000
  42. Mate search and aggregation behaviour in the Galician hybrid zone of Littorina saxatilis, J. Erlandsson; V. Kostylev; E. Rolán-Alvarez, 1999
  43. Mate choice in divergent morphs of the gastropod mollusc Littorina saxatilis (Olivi): speciation in action?, A.R. Pickles; J. Grahame, 1999
  44. Partial Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome ofLittorina saxatilis:Relevance to Gastropod Phylogenetics, Craig S. Wilding; Peter J. Mill; John Grahame, 1999
  45. A preliminary study on genetic differentiation in Littorina saxatilis from Galway Bay, Ireland: Littorina tenebrosa Montagu – a valid species or ecotype?, E. M. Gosling; I. F. Wilson; J. Andrews, 1998
  46. Genetic variability in Littorina saxatilis from different habitats on an island in Galway Bay, I. F. Wilson; E. M. Gosling, 1998
  47. Natural selection on a vertical environmental gradient in Littorina saxatilis: analysis of fecundity, R. Cruz; E. Rolán-Alvarez; C. Garcia, 1998
  48. Assortative mating between two distinct micro-allopatric populations of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) on the northeast coast of England, S. L. Hull, 1998
  49. Colour polymorphic prey (Littorina saxatilis Olivi) and predatory effects of a crab population (Carcinus maenas L.), Anette Ekendahl, 1998
  50. Sexual selection and assortative mating by size and their roles in the maintenance of a polymorphism in Swedish Littorina saxatilis populations, J. Erlandsson; E. Rolán-Alvarez, 1998

External links

  1. MarLIN - The Marine Life Information Network (en). Abgerufen am 21.02.2023.
  2. Wikipedia (de). Abgerufen am 21.02.2023.
  3. WoRMS (en). Abgerufen am 21.02.2023.

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Littorina saxatilis, Maine , USA 2023

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