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Torpedo marmorata Marbled electric ray

Torpedo marmoratais commonly referred to as Marbled electric ray. Difficulty in the aquarium: suitable for large display tanks (public aquarium or zoo) only. Toxicity: Has a poison harmful to health.

Profilbild Urheber Roberto Pillon, Italien

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Courtesy of the author Roberto Pillon, Italien

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lexID:
4472 
AphiaID:
271684 
Scientific:
Torpedo marmorata 
German:
Marmor-Zitterrochen 
English:
Marbled Electric Ray 
Category:
Stingrays 
Family tree:
Animalia (Kingdom) > Chordata (Phylum) > Elasmobranchii (Class) > Torpediniformes (Order) > Torpedinidae (Family) > Torpedo (Genus) > marmorata (Species) 
Initial determination:
Risso, 1810 
Occurrence:
Ghana, West Sahara, Benin, Gambia, Straße von Gibralta, Tunesien, the North Sea, Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, Congo, East-Atlantic Ocean, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, European Coasts, Israel, Madeira, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Northern Africa, Portugal, São Tomé e Principé, Scandinavia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South-Africa, Spain, Tansania, the British Isles, the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Archipelago, The Gulf of Guinea, the Ivory Coast, the Mediterranean Sea, Togo, West Africa, Yemen 
Sea depth:
2 - 370 Meter 
Size:
up to 39.37" (100 cm) 
Weight:
3 kg 
Temperature:
°F - 68 °F (°C - 20°C) 
Food:
Crustaceans, Fish (little fishes), Predatory 
Difficulty:
suitable for large display tanks (public aquarium or zoo) only 
Offspring:
Not available as offspring 
Toxicity:
Has a poison harmful to health 
CITES:
Not evaluated 
Red List:
Vulnerable (VU) 
Related species at
Catalog of Life:
 
Author:
Publisher:
Meerwasser-Lexikon.de
Created:
Last edit:
2023-03-28 19:24:26 

Toxicity

This is a general hint!
Torpedo marmorata has a harmful toxin.
As a rule, animals with a harmful poison do not pose mortal danger in normal Aquarieaner everyday life. Read the following husbandry information and comments from aquarists who already keep Torpedo marmorata in their aquarium to get a better picture about the possible danger. However, please be careful when using Torpedo marmorata. Every human reacts differently to poisons.
If you suspect that you have come into contact with the poison, please contact your doctor or the poison emergency call.
The phone number of the poison emergency call can be found here:
[overview_and_url_DE]
Overview Worldwide: eapcct.org

Info

Risso, 1810

Distribution
Eastern Atlantic: northern UK (less common in southern North Sea and Kattegat) to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Also in the Mediterranean Sea.

Can produce electric discharges of up to 200 volts.

Feeds on small benthic fishes Trachurus, Mugil, Mullus, Dicentrarchus, Spondyliosoma, Boops, Labrus, Dascyllus, Pomacentrus) and crustaceans.

Electric rays can generate electric shocks of 70-300 volts, which normaly serve as a weapon and for catching prey.
Depending on the level of exposed electric shocks, people may have atrial fibrillation of the heart, temporary short-term cardiac arrest, cardiac arrest, and cardiac arrest.
Therefore, never touch an electric ray!

Synonyms:
Narcacion marmoratus (Risso, 1810)
Narcobatus marmoratus (Risso, 1810)
Torpedo (Torpedo) marmorata Risso, 1810 ·
Torpedo diversicolor Davy, 1834
Torpedo galvani Risso, 1810
Torpedo immaculata Rafinesque, 1810
Torpedo picta Lowe, 1843
Torpedo punctata Rafinesque, 1810
Torpedo trepidans Valenciennes, 1843
Torpedo vulgaris Fleming, 1828

Scientific paper

  1. Expression of VIP and its Receptors in the Testis of the Spotted RayTorpedo marmorata(Risso 1880), Marisa Agnese, Luigi Rosati, Francesco Muriano, Salvatore Valiante, Vincenza Laforgia, Piero Andreuccetti, Marina Prisco, 2012
  2. Expression of vitellogenin in the testis and kidney of the spotted ray Torpedo marmorata exposed to 17β-estradiol, Giuseppina Del Giudice; Marina Prisco; Marisa Agnese; Mariailaria Verderame; Ermelinda Limatola; Piero Andreuccetti, 2011
  3. Expression of Prothymosin alpha during the spermatogenesis of the spotted ray Torpedo marmorata, Marina Prisco; Aldo Donizetti; Francesco Aniello; Annamaria Locascio; Giuseppina Del Giudice; Marisa Agnese; Francesco Angelini; Piero Andreuccetti, 2009
  4. Immunolocalization of 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD in the testis of the spotted ray Torpedo marmorata, Marina Prisco; Annamaria Liguoro; Loredana Ricchiari; Giuseppina Del Giudice; Francesco Angelini; Piero Andreuccetti, 2008
  5. Effect of 17β-estradiol and progesterone on vitellogenesis in the spotted ray Torpedo marmorata Risso 1810 (Elasmobranchii: Torpediniformes): Studies on females and on estrogen-treated males, Prisco Marina; Valiante Salvatore; Maddalena Di Fiore Maria; Raucci Franca; Del Giudice Giuseppina; Romano Maurizio; Laforgia Vincenza; Limatola Ermelinda; Andreuccetti Piero, 2008
  6. Corrigendum to “Effect of 17β-estradiol and progesterone on vitellogenesis in the spotted ray Torpedo marmorata Risso 1810 (Elasmobranchii: Torpediniformes): Studies on females and on estrogen-treated males” [Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 157 (2008) 125–132], Marina Prisco; Salvatore Valiante; Maria Maddalena Di Fiore; Franca Raucci; Giuseppina Del Giudice; Maurizio Romano; Vincenza Laforgia; Ermelinda Limatola; Piero Andreuccetti, 2008
  7. Interactions between α-conotoxin MI and the Torpedo marmorata receptor α–δ interface, Leonardo Cortez; Cristina Marino-Buslje; Mirtha Biscoglio de Jiménez Bonino; Ulf Hellman, 2007
  8. Oogenesis in the spotted rayTorpedo marmorata, Marina Prisco; Annamaria Liguoro; Loredana Ricchiari; Giuseppina Del Giudice; Piero Andreuccetti, 2007
  9. Distribution of PACAP in the Brain of the Cartilaginous Fish Torpedo Marmorata, SALUATORE VALIANTE; MARINA PRISCO; LOREDANA RICCHIARI; VINCENZA LAFORGIA; LORENZO VARANO; PIERO ANDREUCCETTI, 2006
  10. Lipid−Protein Interactions and Effect of Local Anesthetics in Acetylcholine Receptor-Rich Membranes from Torpedo marmorata Electric Organ †, Mantipragada, S. B.; Horváth, L. I.; Arias, H. R.; Schwarzmann, G.; Sandhoff, K.; Barrantes, F. J.; Marsh, D. , 2003
  11. An ultrastructural study on the vitellogenesis in the spotted ray Torpedo marmorata, Marina Prisco; Maurizio Romano; Loredana Ricchiari; Ermelinda Limatola; Piero Andreuccetti, 2002
  12. Conotoxin MI inhibits the α–δ acetylcholine binding site of the Torpedo marmorata receptor, Leonardo M Cortez; Sergio G del Canto; Fernando D Testai; Mirtha J Biscoglio de Jiménez Bonino, 2002
  13. Variations in Dystrophin Complex in Red and White Caudal Muscles from Torpedo marmorata, Royuela, M.; Hugon, G.; Rivier, F.; Fehrentz, J. A.; Martinez, J.; Paniagua, R.; Mornet, D. , 2001
  14. Targeting of acetylcholine receptor and 43 kDa rapsyn to the postsynaptic membrane in Torpedo marmorata electrocyte, Fabrizia Bignami; Gilles Camus; Sophie Marchand; Lise Bailly; Françoise Stetzkowski-Marden; Jean Cartaud, 1998
  15. Characterization of presynaptic proteins involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis in the nervous system of Torpedo marmorata, J Herreros; F Aguado; J.M Canals; J Marsal; J Blasi, 1997
  16. The neurotoxic phospholipases A2 ammodytoxin and crotoxin bind to distinct high-affinity protein acceptors in Torpedo marmorata electric organ, I. Kriz̀aj; J. Grazyna Faure; F. Gubensek; C. Bon, 1997
  17. Expression of a New Mr 70-kDa Dystrophin-Related Protein in the Axon of Peripheral Nerves from Torpedo marmorata, François Rivier; Agnes Robert; Jacqueline Latouche; Gerald Hugon; Dominique Mornet, 1997
  18. Multiple hemoglobins in the electric ray: Torpedo marmorata, Umberto Galderisi; Laura Fucci; Giuseppe Geraci, 1996
  19. Presence of long and short dystrophin and/or utrophin products in Torpedo marmorata peripheral nerves, François Rivier; Agnès Robert; Jacqueline Latouche; Gérald Hugon; Dominique Mornet, 1996
  20. Effects of Agelenopsis aperta venom, FTX toxin, and fractionated components on stimulated acetylcholine release from Torpedo marmorata synaptosomes, Y.Morot Gaudry-Talarmain; N. Moulian; S. Gasparini; S. Pinkasfeld; M. Israel; A. Menez, 1996
  21. Cloning, characterization and expression of the cDNA encoding a neuron-specific α-tubulin isoform highly represented in the electric lobe of Torpedo marmorata, Josep M. Canals; Luis Ruiz-Avila; Fernando Aguado; Glòria Majó; Jordi Marsal, 1995
  22. The electric lobes of the electric ray (Torpedo marmorata) are innervated by GABAergic fibres: immunocytochemical evidence for dual innervation of electromotoneurons, Ramón Anadón; Silvia Eva Pérez; Miguel Angel Rodríguez; Fátima Adrio; Isabel Rodrǵuez-Moldes, 1995
  23. Actin interaction with purified dystrophin from electric organ ofTorpedo marmorata: possible resemblance with filamin-actin interface, Marie-Christine Lebart; Danielle Casanova; Yves Benyamin, 1995
  24. Observations on the biology of the common torpedo ( Torpedo torpedo , Linnaeus, 1758) and marbled electric ray ( Torpedo marmorata , Risso, 1810) from Egyptian Mediterranean waters, Abdel-Aziz, SH, 1994
  25. Coronary Flow-Pressure Relationship in the Working Isolated Fish Heart: Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Versus Torpedo (Torpedo marmorata), Claudio Agnisola, Rita Venzi, Dominic F. Houlihan and Bruno Tota, 1994
  26. Identification of a putative membrane receptor for botulinum toxin type A and intracellular target for tetanus toxin in cholinergic nerve endings of the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata: C. Solsona, L. Ruiz-Avila, J. Herreros, J. M. Canals, M. Arribas, F. Miralles, J. Blasi and J. Marsal (Dept Cell Biology, Medical School, Hospital de Bellvitge, U. Barcelona, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain), , 1994
  27. Three-dimensional structure of peptide leucine tyrosine (PLY) (Torpedo marmorata):Computer-aided prediction, J.Z. Pan; N.V. McFerran; C. Shaw; D.W. Halton, 1993
  28. ‘P’ type calcium channels may partially control KCl-evoked acetylcholine release in Torpedo marmorata synaptosomes: Y. Morot Gaudry-Talarmain and N. Moulian (Département de Neurochimie, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, C.N.R.S., 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France), , 1993
  29. A Raman spectroscopic study of acctylcholine receptor-rich membranes from Torpedo marmorata. Interaction of the receptor with carbamylcholine and ( + )-tubocurarine, Dimitrina Aslanian; Pal Grof; Jean-Luc Galzi; Jean-Pierre Changeux, 1993
  30. Putative membrane receptor and intracellular targets for clostridial toxins in cholinergic nerve endings of the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata: C. Solsona, L. Ruiz-Avila, J. Herreros, J. M. Canals, M. Arribas, J. Blasi and J. Marsal (University of Barcelona, Department of Cell Biology, Medical School, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain), , 1993
  31. Plasma and follicular tissue steroid levels in the elasmobranch fish, Torpedo marmorata, S. Fasano; M. D'Antonio; R. Pierantoni; G. Chieffi, 1992
  32. Ligand binding to the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata: a complete mathematical analysis, Prinz, Heino; Maelicke, Alfred , 1992
  33. Peptide leucine-tyrosine (PLY): A novel neuropeptide Y-related peptide from the intestine of the electric ray (Torpedo marmorata), , 1992
  34. Ultrastructural investigation of the corpora atretica of the electric ray, Torpedo marmorata, G.Chieffi Baccari; S. Minucci; L. Di Matteo; G. Chieffi, 1992
  35. Strong Evolutionary Conservation of Neuropeptide Y: Sequences of Chicken, Goldfish, and Torpedo marmorata DNA Clones, Anders G. Blomqvist, Charlotte Soderberg, Ingrid Lundell, Robert J. Milner and Dan Larhammar, 1992
  36. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in elasmobranch (electric ray, Torpedo marmorata) brain and plasma: Chromatographic and immunological evidence for chicken GnRH II and novel molecular forms, Judy A. King; Althea A. Steneveld; Robert P. Millar; Silvia Fasano; Giovanna Romano; Antonietta Spagnuolo; Laura Zanetti; Riccardo Pierantoni, 1992
  37. Synaptic activity results in increased transcription as detected by the brain-specific probe pEL-48 inTorpedo marmorata, Dieter W. Schmid, 1991
  38. Interaction of modified neurotoxins fromNaja nigricollis with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor fromTorpedo marmorata A Raman spectroscopy study, Michel Ne´grerie; Dimitrina Aslanian; Françoise Bouet; Andre´ Me´nez; Hoa`ng-Oanh Nghie˛m; Jean-Pierre Changeux, 1991
  39. Primary structure of Torpedo marmorata chloride channel isolated by expression cloning in Xenopus oocytes, Jentsch, Thomas J.; Steinmeyer, Klaus; Schwarz, Gisela, 1990
  40. Effect of local anaesthetics on steroid-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor interactions in native membranes of Torpedo marmorata electric organ, H.R. Arias; M.B. Sankaram; D. Marsh; F.J. Barrantes, 1990
  41. Asymmetric distribution of dystrophin in developing and adult Torpedo marmorata electrocyte: evidence for its association with the acetylcholine receptor-rich membrane., Jasmin, B. J.; Cartaud, A.; Ludosky, M. A.; Changeux, J. P.; Cartaud, J. , 1990
  42. Asymmetric Distribution of Dystrophin in Developing and Adult Torpedo marmorata Electrocyte: Evidence for Its Association with the Acetylcholine Receptor-Rich Membrane, B. J. Jasmin, A. Cartaud, M. A. Ludosky, J. P. Changeux and J. Cartaud, 1990
  43. The action of notexin from tiger snake venom (Notechis scutatus scutatus) on acetylcholine release and compartmentation in synaptosomes from electric organ of Torpedo marmorata, P. Mollier; G. Brochier; Y. Morot Gaudry-Talarmain, 1990
  44. Effects of intratesticular injections of estradiol and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRHA, HOE 766) on plasma androgen levels in intact and hypophysectomized Torpedo marmorata and Torpedo ocellata, S. Fasana; R. Pierantoni; S. Minucci; L. Di Matteo; M. D'Antonio; G. Chieffi, 1989
  45. Developmental studies of the 43kD (ν1) proteins in Torpedo marmorata electrocyte, H.O. Nghiem; J. Hill; J.P. Changeux, 1989
  46. The effect of copper on the ultrastructure of Torpedo marmorata neurons, H.E. Enesco; F.A. Pisanti; E. Aloj Totaro, 1989
  47. Asynchronous Assembly of the Acetylcholine Receptor and of the 43-kD ν1Protein in the Postsynaptic Membrane of Developing Torpedo Marmorata Electrocyte, , 1989
  48. Presence of a protein immunologically related to lamin B in the postsynaptic membrane of Torpedo marmorata electrocyte, Cartaud, A., 1989
  49. Asynchronous assembly of the acetylcholine receptor and of the 43-kD nu1 protein in the postsynaptic membrane of developing Torpedo marmorata electrocyte, Kordeli, E., 1989
  50. Part 1 || Presence of a Protein Immunologically Related to Lamin B in the Postsynaptic Membrane of Torpedo marmorata Electrocyte, A. Cartaud, J. C. Courvalin, M. A. Ludosky and J. Cartaud, 1989

External links

  1. FishBase (multi). Abgerufen am 07.08.2020.
  2. Wikipedia (en). Abgerufen am 28.03.2023.
  3. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) (en). Abgerufen am 07.08.2020.

Pictures

Juvenile

Juvenile Marbled Torpedo Ray, Torpedo marmorata, Tanzania 2023

Commonly

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