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Phallusia nigra Black sea squirt

Phallusia nigrais commonly referred to as Black sea squirt. Difficulty in the aquarium: Not suitable for aquarium keeping. Toxicity: Toxic hazard unknown.

Profilbild Urheber Rafi Amar, Israel

Phallusia nigra 2021


Courtesy of the author Rafi Amar, Israel . Please visit www.rafiamar.com for more information.

Uploaded by Muelly.

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lexID:
6140 
AphiaID:
103725 
Scientific:
Phallusia nigra 
German:
Schwarze Seescheide 
English:
Black Sea Squirt 
Category:
Sea Squirts 
Family tree:
Animalia (Kingdom) > Chordata (Phylum) > Ascidiacea (Class) > Phlebobranchia (Order) > Ascidiidae (Family) > Phallusia (Genus) > nigra (Species) 
Initial determination:
Savigny, 1816 
Occurrence:
Vereinigte Arabische Emirate, Guadeloupe, Kuwait, Suez-Kanal, Bahrain, Belize, Bermuda, Brazil, cosmopolitan species, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Florida, Grenada, Gulf of Oman / Oman, Hawaii, Iran, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Quatar, Red Sea, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, South-Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, the Netherlands Antilles, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, U.S. 
Marine Zone:
Subtidal, sublittoral, infralittoral, deep zone of the oceans from the lower limit of the intertidal zone (intertidal) to the shelf edge at about 200 m water depth. neritic. 
Sea depth:
0 - 12 Meter 
Size:
up to 5.91" (15 cm) 
Temperature:
75.92 °F - 83.3 °F (24.4°C - 28.5°C) 
Food:
Filter feeder, Plankton, Suspension feeder 
Difficulty:
Not suitable for aquarium keeping 
Offspring:
Not available as offspring 
Toxicity:
Toxic hazard unknown 
CITES:
Not evaluated 
Red List:
Not evaluated (NE) 
Related species at
Catalog of Life:
 
More related species
in this lexicon:
 
Author:
Publisher:
Meerwasser-Lexikon.de
Created:
Last edit:
2023-03-31 13:14:32 

Info

Savigny, 1816

The black sea squirt is a competitor to many native sea squirt species, however, no specific economic or ecological impacts on native fauna have been demonstrated to date.

The large sea squirt settles on rocks, mangroves, coral reefs, and man-made structures.

Phallusia nigra is a species of interest to scientists, as alcoholic extracts of the sea squirt have shown gut-stimulating effects in animal studies.

Color: inky black

Host of:
Notodelphys ciliata Schellenberg, 1922
Bonnierilla yangpoensis Kim, I.H. & Moon, 2011

Synonyms:
Ascidia atra Lesueur, 1823
Ascidia nigra (Savigny, 1816)
Ascidia somalensis Sluiter, 1905
Ascidia somaliensis Sluiter, 1905
Phallusia atra (Lesueur, 1823)
Phallusia violacea Gould, 1852
Phallusiopsis nigra (Savigny, 1816)
Thallusia nigra (Savigny, 1816)
Tunica nigra (Savigny, 1816)

Scientific paper

  1. Comparative study on bioremediation of heavy metals by solitary ascidian, Phallusia nigra, between Thoothukudi and Vizhinjam ports of India, Abdul Jaffar ali, H.; Tamilselvi, M.; Akram, A. Soban; Kaleem Arshan, M.L.; Sivakumar, V. , 2015
  2. Distribution of ascidians Phallusia nigra (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) on the north coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran, Afkhami, Majid; Ehsanpour, Maryam; Forouzan, Farida; Bastami, Kazem Darvish; Bahri, Amir Houshang; Daryaei, Abdurasoul , 2012
  3. The Role of Vanadium in the Chemical Defense of the Solitary Tunicate,Phallusia nigra, Shobu Odate; Joseph R. Pawlik, 2007
  4. Properties of Tunic Acid in the Ascidian Phallusia nigra (Ascidiidae, Phlebobranchia), Hirose, Euichi; Yamashiro, Hideyuki; Mori, Yasuaki , 2001
  5. Unprecedented forms of vanadium observed within the blood cells of Phallusia nigra using K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Patrick Frank; William E Robinson; Kenneth Kustin; Keith O Hodgson, 2001
  6. Pigmentation and Acid Storage in the Tunic: Protective Functions of the Tunic Cells in the Tropical Ascidian Phallusia nigra, Euichi Hirose, 1999
  7. This Histamine-Like Effects of Phallusia nigra Extract: Evidences for Direct Activity at H1 Receptors, Letı́cia V Costa; Elena L.A Malpezzi; Roberto G.S Berlinck; Edward G Rowan; José Carlos de Freitas, 1997
  8. Hemolytic activity of methanol extract from the sea squirt Phallusia nigra (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), E.L.A. Malpezzi; L.V. Costa; J.C. Freitas, 1995
  9. Antimitotic activity of visceral organs from the sea squirt Phallusia nigra, L.V. Costa; D.H. Matsui; E.L.A. Malpezzi; J.C. Freitas; G.M. Santelli, 1995

External links

  1. National Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System (en). Abgerufen am 07.08.2020.
  2. SeaLifeBase (multi). Abgerufen am 07.08.2020.
  3. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) (en). Abgerufen am 07.08.2020.

Pictures

Commonly

Phallusia nigra (Schwarze Seescheide)
1
© Anne Frijsinger & Mat Vestjens, Holland, Bild aus der Karbik
1
Foto: Ägypten, Rotes Meer
Phallusia nigra 2021
Foto: Exuma, Bahamas, Karibik

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