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Prehendocyclops monchenkoi Rocha, sp. nov., female. 13. Maxilla, posterior. 14. Maxilliped, outer posterior. 15. Leg 1, anterior. 16. Leg 2, anterior. Scale bars = 20 µm.
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Prehendocyclops, a new genus of Halicyclopinae, is described from cenotes of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Within the subfamily, the new genus resembles Halicyclops, Colpocyclops, and Smirnoviella in body shape as well as structure of the antennule and legs 1 to 5. In addition, Prehendocyclops shares with the latter two genera modifications in the...
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Citations
... It includes over 60 genera and a record of more than 800 species worldwide [29,207]. The most updated information for Mexico includes 82 cyclopid species with members of three subfamilies: Halicyclopinae, with five species in two genera considered as endemic for the Yucatan Peninsula [208,209], Cyclopinae with 46 species in 11 genera, and Eucyclopinae with 31 species in six genera (Supplementary Table S1). The latter two subfamilies are the most widespread in Mexico, with endemic, introduced, and exotic species [206,210,211]. ...
In this review, we include rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans, including other groups not usually deemed as zooplankters: i.e., protists, acari, and large branchiopods. The objectives of this study were to integrate the dispersed literature on the taxonomy and diversity of these freshwater zooplankton groups and to explain (1) how these contributions can be arranged in distinct historical periods and (2) how this knowledge has allowed the detection of exotic and threatened species. We divided the freshwater zooplankton studies in Mexico into three historical periods: the first one comprised the 1840s to the 1940s when foreign researchers carried out most studies during several expeditions. Spanish researchers promoted surveys on different zooplankton taxa at the end of this first period. The second period, from the early 1950s to the end of the 1990s of the XX century, showed a remarkably increased research activity in its last ten years only (that is, during the 1990s to 2000), represented by contributions of a new generation of Mexican zooplanktologists. This period yielded more complete zooplankton listings and detailed morphological descriptions of rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, and large branchiopods. The third period started from the year 2000 to date. During this time, listings and online faunistic baselines based on integrative taxonomy have been the primary trend. An account of exotic zooplankters and conservation issues of several native species are discussed. The results of this review show that the knowledge of the freshwater zooplankton of this country has increased significantly over the last 40 years, with at least 408 first records of species for Mexico. Currently, the knowledge of Mexican freshwater zooplankton is among the most complete in the world. However, it is estimated that only a small fraction of the true diversity has been documented.
... Hay incluso géneros endémicos, como el espeleófrido Mexicophria (Boxshall et al., 2014). Otros taxones incluyen a Arctodiaptomus, Leptodiaptomus, Mastigodiaptomus (con dos especies endémicas, M. maya y M. reidae), Mesocyclops y Pseudodiaptomus, así como Acanthocyclops, Amphiascoides, Attheyella, la endémica Balinella yucatanensis, Cletocampus, Diacyclops (con cuatro especies endémicas: D. chakan, D. ecabensis, D. pilosus y D. puuc), Ectocyclops, Eucyclops, la endémica Exumella tsonot, Halicyclops (con el endémico H. cenoticola H. caneki también es endémico de la península, pero no está en cenotes), Homocyclops, Macrocyclops, Microcyclops (una especie endémica, M. echinatus), Neutrocyclops, Nitokra, Osphranticum, Paracyclops, Parapseudoleptomesochra, el género endémico Prehendocyclops, Prionodiaptomus, Schizopera y Thermocyclops (Rocha et al., 2000;Mercado-Salas et al., 2013). Muchas especies de Mesocyclops tienen uso potencial para el control biológico de las larvas de mosquito; algunas son endémicas de cenotes, como M. chaci y M. yutsil (Suárez-Morales y Gutiérrez-Aguirre, 2001). ...
El libro Los Ojos de Yucatán. Una ventana al mundo subterráneo es resultado del trabajo colaborativo de la Facultad de Química de la UNAM y el Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME). El libro incluye valiosa información de la naturaleza geológica de la península de Yucatán, con énfasis en sus cenotes y cuevas. Sus primeros capítulos incluyen una explicación detallada de las características geológicas de la península de Yucatán, su hidrología y el origen de sus cenotes. Los cenotes y cuevas son presentados como socioecosistemas importantes, dado su atractivo turístico y por ser el hábitat de numerosas especies, algunas de ellas únicas en su tipo. El libro incluye también registros sobre la contaminación del acuífero de la península de Yucatán, proporcionando evidencia de la cuantificación de contaminantes, tanto legendarios como emergentes, y sus efectos en las especies, incluyendo al hombre. En sus capítulos se resalta la fragilidad de estos ecosistemas y la importancia de tener una normativa federal y estatal para su protección. Se incluye también una descripción detallada de la importancia de los cenotes desde el punto de vista antropológico y su misticismo para los mayas, en los cuales los cenotes son sagrados y son la entrada al inframundo. Este libro constituye una lectura obligada para toda persona interesada en conocer el origen y la naturaleza de las cuevas y cenotes de Yucatán, lo especial de su biodiversidad, su vulnerabilidad a la contaminación y otros estresores, e incluye también información encaminada a la protección y uso sostenible de los mismos.
... En este contexto continuó el estudio taxonómico de los copépodos en México en las últimas dos décadas del siglo XX y las dos primeras del siglo XXI, cuando se alcanzó un valor de 32 en la tasa de cambio de la descripción de especies de estos organismos (Fig. 7.1) y como resultado, el número de especies conocidas se ha duplicado a 110. En México, los hallazgos de caracteres diagnósticos, fundamentados sobre análisis morfológicos detallados de copépodos adultos generó un florecimiento en la descripción de especies nuevas de los géneros Mastigodiaptomus, Leptodiaptomus (Grimaldo-Ortega et al., 1998;Elías-Gutiérrez, Suárez-Morales y Romano, 1999;Suárez-Morales y Elías-Gutiérrez, 1999), Acanthocyclops, Diacyclops, Mesocyclops, Paracyclops (Fiers, Reid, Iliffe y Suárez-Morales, 1996; Fiers, Ghenne y Suárez-Morales, 2000; Mercado y Suárez-Morales, 2009), Halicyclops, Prehendocyclops (Fiers, 1995;Rocha, Iliffe, Reid y Suárez-Morales, 2000), Eucyclops (Mercado-Salas, Suárez-Morales y Silva-Briano, 2015) y Microcyclops (Gutiérrez-Aguirre y Cervantes-Martínez, 2016). Este florecimiento también se ha visto intensificado durante la última década, con el acceso a la información molecular de los copépodos, lo cual ha permitido confirmar la existencia en nuestro país de especies que se creían sinónimos, tal como es el caso de Leptodiaptomus garciai (Montiel-Martínez, Ciros-Pérez, Ortega-Mayagoitia y Elías-Gutiérrez, 2008), o Mastigodiaptomus patzcuarensis (Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Cervantes-Martínez y Elías-Gutiérrez 2014). ...
... Previous distribution. Creaser 1936Creaser , 1938Nicholas 1962;Bowman 1977;Reddell 1977Reddell , 1981Holsinger 1990;Iliffe 1992Iliffe , 1993Fiers et al. 1996;Rocha et al. 1998Rocha et al. , 2000Suárez-Morales and Rivera Arriaga 1998;Pohlman et al. 2000;Pesce and Iliffe 2002;Schmitter-Soto et al. 2002;Álvarez and Iliffe 2008;Álvarez et al. 2015;Benítez et al. 2019. ...
New records of 14 stygobiont crustacean species pertaining to six Malacostraca orders from 32 cenotes are presented, with their associated caves of the state of Yucatan, Mexico, together with an individual account for each species. Species composition of most of the investigated cenotes is examined for the first time. A thermosbaenacean and two amphipod species were not formally recorded to the cenote ecosystems of the state of Yucatan prior to our research. Distribution data of a cirolanid isopod previously known only from its type locality is also provided. Barcodes of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for the reported peracarid species previously lacking this information have been included in present study as tools for species identification and a baseline of further molecular genetic analyses.
... Previous distribution. Creaser 1936Creaser , 1938Nicholas 1962;Bowman 1977;Reddell 1977Reddell , 1981Holsinger 1990;Iliffe 1992Iliffe , 1993Fiers et al. 1996;Rocha et al. 1998Rocha et al. , 2000Suárez-Morales and Rivera Arriaga 1998;Pohlman et al. 2000;Pesce and Iliffe 2002;Schmitter-Soto et al. 2002;Álvarez and Iliffe 2008;Álvarez et al. 2015;Benítez et al. 2019. ...
New records of 14 stygobiont crustacean species pertaining to six Malacostraca orders from 32 cenotes are presented, with their associated caves of the state of Yucatan, Mexico, together with an individual account for each species. Species composition of most of the investigated cenotes is examined for the first time. A thermosbaenacean and two amphipod species were not formally recorded to the cenote ecosystems of the state of Yucatan prior to our research. Distribution data of a cirolanid isopod previously known only from its type locality is also provided. Barcodes of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for the reported peracarid species previously lacking this information have been included in present study as tools for species identification and a baseline of further molecular genetic analyses.
... Despite this, the Halicyclopidae and Lernaeidae may be closely related based on similarities in the antennal structure. The halicyclopid genera Prehendocyclops Rocha et al., 2000, Colpocyclops Monchenko, 1977and Smirnoviella Monchenko, 1977 have an inner distal claw (modified seta VIII) on the ancestral second endopodal segment, presumably for holding onto some external part of a host . Members of the lernaeid subfamily Lernaeinae likewise possess a homologous inner distal claw on the antenna. ...
... Remarks: The Halicyclopidae includes more than 90 species accommodated in 6 genera (Dussart and Defaye, 2006). Members of this family can be found in surface and groundwater systems including surface brackish waterbodies, tidal pools, coastal lagoons and estuaries, anchialine caves, sinkholes, interstitially in sandy beaches, inland waters with increased salinity and fresh water (Jaume and Boxshall, 1996;Rocha et al., 1998Rocha et al., , 2000Karanovic, 2006). A few species are known to live loosely associated with benthic invertebrates (Monchenko, 1977;Rocha et al., 2000). ...
... Members of this family can be found in surface and groundwater systems including surface brackish waterbodies, tidal pools, coastal lagoons and estuaries, anchialine caves, sinkholes, interstitially in sandy beaches, inland waters with increased salinity and fresh water (Jaume and Boxshall, 1996;Rocha et al., 1998Rocha et al., , 2000Karanovic, 2006). A few species are known to live loosely associated with benthic invertebrates (Monchenko, 1977;Rocha et al., 2000). Historically, members of the Halicyclopidae have been separated from those of the Cyclopidae based on differences in the P5 structure, specifically having more than 3 elements on the exopod (distal segment) (Boxshall and Halsey, 2004). ...
... The cyclopine and eucyclopine outgroups used in the present study defined the distinct setulation pattern of the basipodite "claw" of the maxilla as a unique apomorphy of the Cyclops (Figure 3b). Yet similar armature occurring sporadically in all the four subfamilies (Cyclopinae: Orthocyclops modestus; Eucyclopinae: some Tropocyclops; Halicyclopinae: Troglocyclops, some Halicyclops, Prehendocyclops and Neocyclops; Euryteinae: Euryte robusta-data taken from Huys & Boxshall, 1991;Rocha & Iliffe, 1994;Rocha, Iliffe, Reid, & Suárez-Morales, 1998;Rocha, Iliffe, Reid, & Suárez-Morales, 2000; own data) might suggest that it is a plesiomorphic rather than an apomorphic feature of Cyclops. Presence of these putative ancient characters is in sharp contrast with the relatively slight morphological differentiation of the genus, which indicate a young origin of the group. ...
The phylogeny of Cyclops (~30 spp.), a predominantly Palearctic cold-adapted genus, was reconstructed based on morphological and molecular characters. The morphological analysis used extensive taxon sampling from the entire Holarctic range of the genus and included 53 morphological characters. Polymorphic traits were coded by the “unordered,” “unscaled” and “scaled” methods; maximum parsimony criterion was applied in tree building. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions utilized partial nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal genes, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and complete internal transcribed spacer regions I and II, albeit with limited taxon sampling. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood were used in these tree reconstructions. The molecular characters were used both in combination with morphology and as an independent test of the basal relationships inferred from morphology. Monophyly of the genus received strong support in both the morphological and molecular phylogenies; the basal relationships remain unresolved. The morphology‐based phylogenies, along with the geographic distribution patterns and ecological traits, supported monophyly of the ankyrae−ladakanus clade, scutifer‐clade (C. scutifer, C. jashnovi, C. columbianus), kolensis‐clade (C. kolensis, C. kikuchii, C. vicinus, C. furcifer, C. insignis, C. alaskaensis), abyssorum‐clade (C. abyssorum s. str., C. abyssorum larianus, C. ricae, C. sevani) and divergens‐clade (South Carpathian “Cyclops sp. Y,” C. mauritaniae, C. divergens, C. bohater, C. lacustris). Relationships among European and North American populations of C. scutifer and C. columbianus based on partial sequences of the 12S mitochondrial gene show C. scutifer to be paraphyletic, suggesting two independent invasions into North America via the Bering Land Bridge from Siberia to Alaska.
... The cyclopoid copepod Halicyclops is a cosmopolitan genus represented by free-living planktonic forms (Chang 2012, Ueda andNagai 2012); members of this genus occupy a wide range of habitats, having been recorded from shallow coastal environments, brackish coastal habitats and estuaries (Suárez-Morales and Fuentes-Reinés 2014, Fuentes-Reinés and Suárez-Morales 2015), salt marshes (Chang 2012), anchialine caves (Rocha et al. 2000), inland waters with increased salinity (Karanovic 2004), and fresh water (Rocha 1995a, Defaye & Dussart 1988, Fuentes-Reinés et al. 2013, Luong 2016. A few species are known to be loosely associated with benthic invertebrates (Humes 1947). ...
Three species of brackish waters microcrustaceans are herein recorded; they belong to the cyclopoid copepodgenus Halicyclops and were collected from a coastal system in northern Colombia: H. exiguus Kiefer, 1934,H. venezuelaensis Lindberg, 1954, and H. hurlberti Rocha, 1991. The former has intraspecific variations that deserve further study. The finding of the latter species, previously known from the Eastern Tropical Pacific,
represents a new record for Colombia and the Caribbean Sea Basin in the Northwestern Tropical Atlantic. With
the finding of H. hurlberti the number of species of Halicyclops known from the Neotropical region and Colombia increases to 20 and 5, respectively. The regional diversity of the genus is probably underestimated. A key to the species of the genus belonging to group “B” sensu Rocha (1991) is also provided.
... The cyclopoid copepod Halicyclops is a cosmopolitan genus represented by free-living planktonic forms (Chang 2012, Ueda andNagai 2012); members of this genus dwell in a wide range of habitats, having been recorded from shallow coastal environments, including brackish coastal habitats and estuaries Fuentes-Reinés 2014, Fuentes-Reinés andSuárez-Morales 2015), salt marshes (Chang 2012), anchialine caves (Rocha et al. 2000), inland waters with increased salinity (Karanovic 2004), and fresh water (Rocha 1995a, Defaye & Dussart 1988, Fuentes-Reinés et al. 2013, Luong 2016. A few species are known to live loosely associated with benthic invertebrates (Humes 1947). ...
Se registran tres especies de microcrustáceos de aguas salobres; son copépodos ciclopoides del género Halicyclops procedentes de un sistema costero en el norte de Colombia: H. exiguus Kiefer, 1934, H. venezuelaensis Lindberg, 1954 y H. hurlberti Rocha, 1991. La primera especie tiene una variación intraespecífica que merece estudios más profundos. El hallazgo de la última especie es conocida sólo en el Pacífico Tropical Oriental, representa un registro nuevo para Colombia y la cuenca del Mar Caribe en el Atlántico tropical noroccidental. Con el hallazgo de H. hurlberti, la cantidad de especies de Halicyclops reconocidas en la región Neotropical y Colombia aumenta a 20 y 5, respectivamente. La diversidad regional del género probablemente está subestimada. Se proporciona una clave para las especies del género que pertenecen al grupo “B” sensu Rocha (1991).
... Stenoniscids are not alone among the calcrete fauna for having marine affinities. Stygobiont species of Halicyclops (Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) are found widely in calcretes of the Yilgarn region (Karanovic, 2004), and are also characteristic of marine littoral waters (coastal lagoons, estuaries, interstitial water of beaches and anchialine caves) around the World from about 60°N to 45°S (Rocha et al., 2000). In addition, a number of genera of Harpacticoida, that typically have similar marine affinities, are well represented by stygobiont species in the Yilgarn calcretes including Schizopera (Diosaccidae), Hirtaleptomesochra, Novanitocrella, Parapseudoleptomesochra and Haifameira (Ameiridae) (Karanovic, 2004;Karanovic and Cooper, 2012). ...
Groundwater calcrete aquifers of central Western Australia have been shown to contain a high diversity of stygobiont (subterranean aquatic) invertebrates, with each species confined to an individual calcrete and the entire system resembling a 'subterranean archipelago' containing hundreds of isolated calcretes. Here, we utilised alternative sampling techniques above the water table and uncovered a significant fauna of subterranean terrestrial oniscidean isopods from the calcretes. We explored the diversity and evolution of this fauna using molecular analyses based on one mitochondrial gene, Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI), two Ribosomal RNA genes (28S and 18S), and one protein coding nuclear gene, Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase (LysRS). The results from 12 calcretes showed the existence of 36 divergent DNA lineages belonging to four oniscidean families (Paraplatyarthridae, Armadillidae, Stenoniscidae and Philosciidae). Using a combination of phylogenetic and species delimitation methods, we hypothesized the occurrence of at least 27 putative new species of subterranean oniscideans, of which 24 taxa appeared to be restricted to an individual calcrete, lending further support to the "subterranean island hypothesis". Three paraplatyarthrid species were present on adjacent calcretes and these exceptions possessed more ommatidia and body pigments compared with the calcrete-restricted taxa, and are likely to represent troglophiles. The occurrence of stenoniscid isopods in the calcretes of central Western Australia, a group previously only known from the marine littoral zone, suggests a link to the marine inundation of the Eucla basin during the Late Eocene. The current oniscidean subterranean fauna consists of groups known to be subtropical, littoral and benthic, reflecting different historical events that have shaped the evolution of the fauna in the calcretes. Groundwater calcretes; molecular systematics; oniscidean isopods; species delimitation; subterranean fauna.
