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An annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan, was compiled from field and literature surveys. All registered specimens previously recorded from Yaku-shima Island in published papers were re-examined. A total of 951 species (382 genera, 112 families, 24 orders), including 374 specie...
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New taxa and new combinations published by K.W.G. L. Fuckel in “Fungi Rhenani Exsiccati” Fasc. 1 to 7 in 1863 are listed and annotated, supplemented by copies of the labels with the original descriptions or new combinations. References, citations and the synonymy are corrected when necessary. The nomenclature of some taxa is discussed in more detai...
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... Its distribution range encompasses all East African shores north to the Persian Gulf, east to Marshall, Gambier and the Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Society Islands, and Rapa the Great Barrier Reef (McDowall, 1997;Harrison & Senou, 1999;Fricke et al., 2020). Over this geographically large distribution, up to ten species have been described and, later, synonymized with Ellochelon vaigiensis (Thomson, 1997;Motomura et al., 2010;González-Castro & Ghasemzadeh, 2015). Durand et al. (2012) used mitochondrial sequence polymorphisms, to demonstrate, however, that this species is actually polyphyletic, and revealed two lineages. ...
The teleost family Mugilidae is speciose with uniform morpho-anatomical characteristics, which render species identification difficult. The dna barcoding technique has, however, proven to be a precise and reliable approach for species delineation. To date, dna barcoding flags numerous polyphyletic species in Mugilidae that probably correspond to species complexes and that call for further taxonomical investigation. Among these species, the squaretail mullet Ellochelon vaigiensis is an interesting case study because, unlike other mullet species, it is easily identified from its unique phenotype. Recent studies of genetic diversity in this monotypic species have revealed two lineages, located either in the Indo-Pacific (Polynesia and Taiwan waters) or along Australian shores. In this study, a third lineage is described in the North of the Indian Ocean, based on nucleotide polymorphisms of Cytochrome c oxidase 1 and barcodes available in bold and Cytochrome b. Despite genetic divergences that exceed the intraspecific threshold, there was no morpho-anatomical difference among specimens of the north Indian Ocean vs. Indo-Pacific or Australia. These molecular results suggest nominal species of Ellochelon vaigiensis within a cryptic species complex.
... Thirty species, including two [viz. Trimma stobbsi Winterbottom 2001 and Trimma striatum (Herre 1945)] based only on underwater photographs, are known from Japanese waters, as well as several additional undescribed species presently under study (Hagiwara and Winterbottom 2007;Motomura et al. 2010;Suzuki et al. 2012Suzuki et al. , 2015Akihito et al. 2013;Winterbottom 2019;Senou et al. 2021). ...
The pygmygoby Trimma albicaudatum sp. nov. is described on the basis of a single specimen (18.0 mm standard length) from Sagami Bay, Honshu, Japan. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: VI-I, 9 dorsal-fin rays, no elongate spines on first dorsal fin; I, 8 anal-fin rays; 18 pectoral-fin rays, all unbranched; 8.5 anterior transverse scales; 7 cycloid scales along predorsal midline; fifth segmented ray of pelvic fin unbranched, its length less than half of fourth ray (viz., 43.2%); pelvic frenum absent; interorbital groove shallow; interorbital width less than half pupil diameter (viz., 46.3%); cheek without scales; sensory papillae row c comprising 6 papillae; opercle with two embedded cycloid scales dorsally; ground color of body yellow when freshly collected (greenish in life); snout, tip of lower jaw, interorbital space, and upper and lower parts of iris violet when fresh and in life; a dorsoventral pair of pink blotches on caudal peduncle when freshly collected (white in life); dorsoventral margins of yellow area of caudal fin tinged with orange red, distally darkened when freshly collected and in life; lower corner of caudal fin with a white triangular patch when freshly collected and in life; preserved specimens with several dusky smudges on caudal fin, most distinctive on lower lobe and forming an irregular stripe (also apparent in freshly collected specimens). Trimma albicaudatum is most similar to Trimma caudipunctatum Suzuki and Senou 2009 and Trimma imaii Suzuki and Senou 2009, both sharing characteristic coloration (yellow body with violet snout and forehead when freshly collected and in life). However, T. albicaudatum differs from T. caudipunctatum in the number of anterior transverse scales (7 in the latter), and from T. imaii in having embedded scales on the upper opercle (absent in the latter). The typical caudal peduncle markings in T. albicaudatum also differ in the other two species.
... In addition, three species (Beryx decadactylus, Yongeichthys criniger and Acanthurus xanthopterus) were collected for the first time from the island subsequent to the aforementioned publication. Twenty specimens of Lepadichthys frenatus reported by Motomura et al. (2010) are here shown to include a single specimen of L. coccinotaenia, another first record from the island. Thus, a total of 50 species (41 genera, 23 families) are listed here (Table 1; Appendix 1) with specimen photographs (Figures 2-6), all being first records from marine and estuarine waters of Yakushima Island supported by voucher specimens. ...
... List of additional fishes, on the basis of voucher specimens, of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Y, yes; N, no; 1 Northernmost record based on collected specimens; 2 Record from Yaku-shima Island by Motomura et al. (2010); 3 Recorded mainly from underwater observations, no voucher specimens collected; 4 Recorded from underwater photograph(s), no voucher specimens collected; 5 One of 20 specimens reported as Lepadichthys frenatus re-identified as L. coccinotaenia; 6 Southernmost record of the species. ...
... Most specimens collected by Y. Ikeda, M. Aizawa and T. Matsumoto, unless otherwise stated. Localities on Yaku-shima Island (e.g., Isso, Shitoko and Kurio) given in Motomura et al. (2010: fig. 2). ...
... The minor water currents associated with the Kuroshio Current are complex, their flow rates and directions changing with season, water temperature, and wind characteristics (Nakamura 2017). These factors have produced a unique ichthyofauna off each island, especially the Osumi Islands north of the northern extremity of the Ryukyu Islands (Motomura and Matsuura 2010;Fig. 5.2). ...
... This argument is supported by the above-mentioned species (except B. muricatum and S. guttatus) having been at no time recorded from the Ryukyu Islands well east of the Kuroshio Current, despite being abundant in Taiwanese waters. The single specimens of B. muricatum and S. guttatus collected off the Japanese mainland are also considered to have been transported by the Kuroshio Current (Ogihara et al. 2010;Itou et al. 2011), there being no coral reefs (essential for B. muricatum) or mangrove areas (essential for juvenile S. guttatus) at the collection sites (Motomura 2019). ...
... The latter are bordered by the broad and fast flowing Kuroshio Current on three sides (north, west, and south; Fig. 5.1), which largely inhibits the movement of fishes from the Japanese mainland, mainland China, and Taiwan toward the Ryukyu Islands. This has resulted in the ichthyofauna of southern Japan being divided into two major faunal groups Motomura et al. 2010 fasciatus: the population of mainland Japan was clearly differentiated from that of the Ryukyu Islands. ...
The Japanese Archipelago has a unique geographic history related to tectonic activities in the western North Pacific Ocean, and it is influenced by two strong currents (the Kuroshio and Oyashio currents). Because it extends for 3000 km from north to south, covering the subboreal to subtropical climatic zones, there are various aquatic environments in seas and freshwaters that have resulted in a high diversity of fish species. We examined the components of Japan’s fish diversity and recognized 4476 valid species, which represents 12.5% of the world’s ichthyofauna; the top 35 most speciose families include 2571 species (57.4% of Japan’s valid species). The top 10 most speciose families are as follows: Gobiidae (469 species), Serranidae (156), Labridae (153), Pomacentridae (111), Apogonidae (102); Cottidae (88), Myctophidae (88), Bleniidae (81), Cyprinidae (78), and Macrouridae (70), with the top five being shallow water marine fish groups from tropical to temperate waters. The two deep sea groups listed, Myctophidae and Macrouridae, indicate that deep trenches and troughs in the seas around Japan provide suitable habitats for deep-sea fishes.KeywordsTectonic plate Current Fish fauna Taxonomy Zoogeography Japanese Archipelago
... The minor water currents associated with the Kuroshio Current are complex, their flow rates and directions changing with season, water temperature, and wind characteristics (Nakamura 2017). These factors have produced a unique ichthyofauna off each island, especially the Osumi Islands north of the northern extremity of the Ryukyu Islands (Motomura and Matsuura 2010;Fig. 5.2). ...
... This argument is supported by the above-mentioned species (except B. muricatum and S. guttatus) having been at no time recorded from the Ryukyu Islands well east of the Kuroshio Current, despite being abundant in Taiwanese waters. The single specimens of B. muricatum and S. guttatus collected off the Japanese mainland are also considered to have been transported by the Kuroshio Current (Ogihara et al. 2010;Itou et al. 2011), there being no coral reefs (essential for B. muricatum) or mangrove areas (essential for juvenile S. guttatus) at the collection sites (Motomura 2019). ...
... The latter are bordered by the broad and fast flowing Kuroshio Current on three sides (north, west, and south; Fig. 5.1), which largely inhibits the movement of fishes from the Japanese mainland, mainland China, and Taiwan toward the Ryukyu Islands. This has resulted in the ichthyofauna of southern Japan being divided into two major faunal groups Motomura et al. 2010 fasciatus: the population of mainland Japan was clearly differentiated from that of the Ryukyu Islands. ...
The present-day fish diversity and ichthyofauna of southern Japan, including the Izu, Ogasawara, and Nansei islands, have become established mainly due to the physical characteristics of the Kuroshio Current and associated currents. The Kuroshio Current plays dispersal and vicariance roles in the distribution of fishes in southern Japan, and the close interplay between the current and various life history and biological features of each species has created a complex ichthyofauna. Recent comprehensive ichthyofaunal surveys have revealed that the ichthyofauna of southern Japan is divided into two major groups, the boundary between them being between Yaku-shima Island and “Tanegashima, Iwo-jima, and Take-shima islands” in the Osumi Islands (called the Osumi Line), although such a boundary was previously thought to be located in the Tokara Islands. In this chapter, the relationship between the Kuroshio Current and ichthyofauna is reviewed, and the division of such fauna by the Osumi Line outlined. In addition, the unique ichthyofauna of Yaku-shima Island is introduced.KeywordsIchthyofaunaDispersalVicarianceSouthern Japan Ogasawara Islands Ryukyu Islands Osumi Islands Yaku-shima Island
... Discovering that both the conditions of 23.9.1 are met imply that the following action is taken in accordance with this Article: Chromis notata (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) is here qualified by the term nomen protectum and the invalid, older names Perca japonica Bloch, 1792, Cichla macrolepidota Bloch andSchneider, 1801 and Sparus niphon Lacepède, 1802 are here qualified as nomina oblita. Therefore, the following list of 25 works is produced: Breder and Rosen (1966), Kawamura (1980), Allen (1991), Shao and Chen (1992), Kawase et al. (1993), Calumpong et al. (1994), Lee and Kim (1996), Randall et al. (1997), Chen et al. (1997), Ni and Kwok (1999), Laboute and Grandperrin (2000), Nakabo (2000), Sadovy and Cornish (2000), Shinohara et al. (2000), Shimizu (2001), Nakabo (2002), Choi et al. (2003), Motomura et al. (2010), Kim and Song (2012), Iwatsubo and Motomura (2013), Song et al. (2013), Song et al. (2015), Kim et al. (2016), Zubak et al. (2017), Iwatsubo and Motomura (2018). Yamakawa and Randall, 1989 Chromis okamurai Yamakawa and Randall, 1989: 299, Figs. ...
... 2295]. An unneeded lectotype has been designated by Hayashi (1995: 25 et al. (1995), Donaldson (1996), Winterbottom and Anderson (1997), Fricke (1999), Nakabo (2000), Cole (2001), Allen and Adrim (2003), Garpe and Öhman (2003), Mundy (2005), Motomura et al. (2010), Eddy (2011), Allen and Erdmann (2012), Fricke et al. (2014), Frédéric and Parmentier (2016). Stegastes flavilatus (Gill, 1862) Pomacentrus flavilatus Gill, 1862: 148. ...
A checklist of the damselfishes of the world, family Pomacentridae, is presented.
... The C. brownriggii-C. leucopoma sister-group relationship is expected considering C. leucopoma was, until recently, regarded as a junior synonym of C. brownriggii (e.g., Randall et al., 1997;Allen and Bailey, 2002;Quenouille et al., 2004;Randall, 2005;Cooper et al., 2009;Motomura et al., 2010). Allen et al. (2015b) resurrected C. leucopoma, removing it from the synonymy of C. brownriggii, with C. brownriggii restricted to the Indian Ocean and C. leucopoma as its sister species in the Pacific. ...
... Coastal waters of the Eastern Indian Ocean and tropical Western Pacific from India and Indonesia to S Japan are particularly rich in marine fish diversity (e.g., Carpenter & Springer 2005;Motomura et al. 2010;Allen & Erdmann 2012;Uiblein & White 2015;Motomura et al. 2017;Miller et al. 2018;Ho et al. 2019;Psomadakis et al. 2019). Still, a considerable portion of the biodiversity in this area (abbreviated in the following as "CEITPAS" for "coastal Eastern Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific waters of Asia") remains to be discovered, requiring ongoing taxonomic efforts (e.g., Hoeksema 2007). ...
Coastal marine fish diversity from E India and Indonesia to S Japan is still insufficiently investigated. Of the 42 species of goatfishes (Mullidae) recorded from this area, 12 were described only since 2010 and ten of those belong to the genus Upeneus. During a recent review of species of Upeneus of the so-called japonicus-species group (characterized by seven dorsal-fin spines), 13 specimens that had been previously identified as U. guttatus from Indonesia and Vietnam were found to be distinct, representing possibly two undescribed species. These specimens were studied together with 20 U. itoui from S Japan, a rather similar species, and a yet unidentified congeneric from S Japan. In total 41 morphometric, 10 meristic and several colour characters were examined and detailed comparisons with a large data set from all 14 japonicus-group species conducted. Three new species, U. dimipavlov n. sp. from Nha Trang, S-central Vietnam, U. elongatus n. sp. from Tanega-shima Island, Kagoshima, S Japan and U. willwhite n. sp. from Lombok, S Indonesia are described and an updated account for U. itoui is provided. Among these four featured species, U. elongatus is the most different, having more gill rakers, the shallowest head and body and distinct colour patterns on caudal and dorsal fins. Upeneus dimipavlov differs from the remaining two species in having a more rounded and less laterally compressed body with a wider caudal peduncle and no conspicuous mid-lateral body stripe in fresh fish. Upeneus willwhite differs from U. itoui in deeper head, larger eyes, longer upper jaw and barbels and oblique bars on the lower caudal-fin lobe which do not cross the entire lobe. Additional comparisons of each of the four featured species with all other japonicus-group species and U. heterospinus were conducted providing evidence for distinction and differential diagnosis. Unvouchered in-situ photographs of four goatfish specimens from the Central Philippines that resemble U. elongatus in caudal- and dorsal-fin colour patterns are presented. The need for further sampling and associated taxonomic investigations as prerequisites for appropriate assessment of ecological and conservation parameters such as diversity, distribution and rarity is emphasized in the discussion.
... Ellochelon vaigiensis is a widespread species and suggested to have more than ten independent subpopulations distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Thomson 1997;Harrison and Senou 1999), Japan (Senou 2002;Motomura et al. 2010), the South China Sea (Randall and Lim 2000), and Indonesia (Quoy and Gaimard 1825;Cuvier and Valenciennes 1836). Its occurrence in the Persian Gulf are reported by Akbari (1998) from the coastal waters in the Hormuzgan Province, Southern Iran based on only a single specimen, and since that only few studies have reported this species from the Persian Gulf (Esmaeili et al. 2015;Hashemi et al. 2015;Owfi 2015;this study). ...
Detailed morphological information is provided for the Squaretail Mullet Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard 1825) from the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf. The general morphology, saccular otolith, the urohyal bone morphology, and the scale morphology were described for this species. Approximately 21 years ago, the occurrence of E. vaigiensis was reported from the coastal waters of the Hormuzgan Province in the Persian Gulf (Southern Iran), based on only a single specimen, and since that only a few studies have addressed its occurrence from this region. Re-detection of E. vaigiensis in this study provided detailed data on its morphological characteristics from this region.
... Most are known from very few specimens and only three species have been analyzed genetically (Hamilton et al. 2017). Six pygmy seahorse species are currently recognized and documented throughout the central Indo-Pacific, ranging from the Coral Triangle, West Pacific, Australia, to central Japan: H. bargibanti, H. denise Lourie & Randall, 2003, H. colemani Kuiter, 2003, H. pontohi Lourie & Kuiter, 2008 satomiae Gomon & Kuiter, 2009, and H. waleananus Gomon & Kuiter, 2009(Whitley 1970Kuiter 2003;Lourie and Randall 2003;Senou et al. , 2007Senou et al. , 2008; Baine and Harasti 2007;Lourie and Kuiter 2008;Motomura et al. 2010;Allen and Erdmann 2012;Smith et al. 2012). Lourie et al.'s (2016) revision of the genus Hippocampus informally placed H. waleananus in synonymy with H. satomiae. ...
... Japan is recognized as a global hotspot of marine biodiversity (Roberts et al. 2002;Allen 2008;Tittensor et al. 2010;Mittermeier et al. 2011), with 53 recorded species of syngnathids (Senou 2007;Han et al. 2017;Wibowo and Motomura 2017;Froese and Pauly 2018), including ten species of seahorses (Lourie et al. 2016;Han et al. 2017) of which four are true pygmy seahorses from the widely dispersed subtropical island groups Ryukyu, Ogasawara, and Izu: H. bargibanti, H. denise, and H. pontohi, and a fourth species that appears to be H. colemani (Senou et al. , 2007Motomura et al. 2010;Allen and Erdmann 2012). Inshore surveys of the marine ichthyofauna conducted at Hachijo-jima Island, Izu Islands (Senou et al. 2002), approximately 287 km south of Tokyo, have recorded what appears to be an undescribed species of true pygmy seahorse inhabiting mixed soft coral and algae reefs at shallow depths of 5-22 m, which was first brought to our attention from marine life books (Hippocampus sp. 7, Kuiter 2009: 57) and online photographs (Smith 2017) before specimens were acquired. ...
The pygmy seahorse Hippocampus japapigu sp. n. is described based on three specimens, 13.9-16.3 mm SL, collected from a mixed soft coral and algae reef at 11 m depth at Hachijo-jima Island, Izu Islands, Japan. The new taxon shares morphological synapomorphies with the previously described central Indo-Pacific pygmy seahorses, H. colemani, H. pontohi, H. satomiae, and H. waleananus, including extremely small size, 12 trunk rings, strongly raised continuous cleithral ring, snout spine, large spine on the eighth lateral and fifth and 12 superior trunk ridges, respectively, and unusual wing-like-protrusions immediately posterior to the head. Hippocampus japapigu sp. n. can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of features in the anterodorsal area of the trunk: bilaterally paired wing-like protrusions formed by a single pair of large, truncate spines projecting dorsolaterad on the first superior trunk ridge, followed by a unique elevated dorsal ridge formed by triangular bony mounds dorsally on the second to fourth superior trunk ridges. In contrast, H. pontohi possesses a pair of large truncate spines projecting strongly laterad on both the first and second superior trunk ridges followed by flat surfaces dorsally on the third and fourth superior trunk rings. The new species can be further differentiated by genetic divergence from H. pontohi (an uncorrected p-distance of 10.1% in the mitochondrial COI gene) and a striking reticulated white and brown lattice pattern on the head, trunk, and tail. Hippocampus japapigu sp. n. represents the fifth species of pygmy seahorse recorded in Japan.
