I

IRISH

TEXTS SOCIETY

VOL. XXXVIII
(1936)

1939

STAIR ERCUIL OCUS A BAS

THE
LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

Edited and Translated, with Notes, Glossary, Etc,

BY

GORDON OUIN

DUBLIN FOR THE IRISH TEXTS SOCIETY PUBLISHED

:

By The Educational Company

1939-

of Ireland, Ltd.,

89 Talbot Street.

?>^

.\5*.

TO

EDWARD JOHN GWYNN,

Hon. Fellow, Trinity
IN GRATITUDE.

Litt.D.,

College, Dublin,

PREFACE
'

Stair Ercuil

'

is

an adaptation of part of an extant, dated

Anglo-French

source,

and

this fact

among

others

makes

it

possible to assign a fairly accurate date to the composition In these circumstances it seemed desirable of the Irish text.

to devote a considerable amount of time to a detailed working out of the relation between text and source, and to the comThe latter has been pilation of a complete Glossary.

supplemented (in the Introduction) by some notes of a general character on the language of the piece, for this shows peculiarities not easily dealt with in a glossary, and has enabled me to make some tentative suggestions as to the I hope that activities of the scribe Uilliam mac an Lega. result I may have obtained will justify the delay in the any publication of the work, and also the trouble taken by those to whom I have appealed for assistance, and whom it is now

my pleasant duty My gratitude to

assistance
I
I

to thank.

Dr. E. J. Gwynn, to whose kindness and owe much more than is represented by this book, record on another page. My warmest thanks are due also

to Dr. Eleanor Knott, who not only sent me to the source of the text, but has helped me in innumerable other ways and given generously of her time in the reading both of typescript and proof. To Dr. E. H. Alton I am inr^ebted for assistance with classical references, and to Mr. W. B. Stanford
I must also thank Dr. Myles and Miss C. Sheppard, whose assistance with the Glossary was of particular value. For permission to consult manuscripts and incunabula in their possession I have to thank the Librarians at Trinity at the British Museum, College and the King's Inns, Dublin London, where in particular I had the valuable assistance of at the Bibliotheque Nationale and the Dr. Robin Flower and at the Bibliotheque de 1' Arsenal, Paris Bibliotheque

for help with proper names. Dillon for some suggestions,

Royale, Brussels.
Finally, I would thank the printers for their accuracy, for their patience with a work over-long in the press.

and

G. Q.

CONTENTS
PAGE

ABBREVIATIONS

xi

INTRODUCTION
Manuscript and Scribe,
Source,

4-16

....

1-3

XIU
xiv

Date, 17-19

xxiv

Treatment of Source, 20-37 Treatment of Proper Names, 38-41 Sample Passage, 42

.

XXV
xxxi
xxxiii

Language,

43-57
"

xxxiv
Stair Ercuil,"

The Translator of

Note on Transcription

....

11.

58-64

xxxviii
xl

TEXT AND TRANSLATION

Geinemain Ercuil,
U.

i-6g

Cedgnim Gaisgid Ercuil,

70-110
.

6
8

Aenach na mBuad,

11.

111-216
11.

OiLEN NA CaERACH CoRCRA,

[LaimedonI,
11.

7-37

14

373-382
383-431
11.

22

Na Leomain,
Megera,
11.

11.

22

Gabail na hEigepta,
505-555
.

432-504

24
28

Ingen Rig na hIspirne,

11.

556-626

30

Ri NA

Sisaile,

11.

627-688

34
38

Andrumadas,

U.

689-751
11.

TUARASCBAIL IfIRNN,
TOGAIL IfIRNN,
11.

752-786

40 42 46
.

787-856
11.

Gabail na Teibe,

859-895
11.

^Iarbad Laimedoin,

896-912

48 30

ECHEE,

11.

913-940
11.

Anntenon.

941-Q66

CONTENTS
N\
IllU.ADNA SaKKA, U. 967-1037
II.

5^

Makhao Anntknoin
HANRfOAIN N\
.\ITILAS. U.
1

1(138-1108
II.

36

IlKir.I.lTA,

TIO9-II44

60
62

145-1222
1

MONSTRAK,

11.

223-1367
136S-13S8
.

66
72

Na Coi.amna,
CiRION.
11.

II.

I3S9-I522
11.

74

MaRBAD

CiRIOlN,
11.

1523-1619

So

CoROiGNi:,

1620-1643

84

Calcus,

11.

1644-1803
11.

86
.

Terracone,

1S04-1S08

94
U.

Sai-amanque, Barsiloine, Yspan,

1809-1 831

94 94 98
106 106

FOMORAIG NA CrEMONE,

11.

1832-1889
.

Marbad
Facua,

Calcuis,
11.

11.

1890-2044
.

2045-20S2

Priccus,

11.

2083-2123
11.

Marbad
YOLE,
11.

Priccuis,

2124-2202

108 112

2203-2263
11.

[Nesus],

2264-2302
11.

116
118

DiOMIDES,

2303-2377
U.

AiNNTius MAC Terra,

2378-2409
.

122
122

BAs Ercuil,

11.

2410-2544
11.

DfCHUMA

DiaNI'rA,

2545-2593

130

NOTES

135

GLOSSARY

PERSONAL NAMES

....

157

^57
261

NAMES OF PLACES
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS

264

ABBREVIATIONS
[For
titles

not given here see Acad. Diet. Fasciculus E.]

Acad. Dict.

=KIA

Dictionary of the Irish Language.

Series, vol. iv.

Caithr. Cellaig = Mediaeval and Modern Irish

CAXTON=The

Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, translated from the French of Raoul Lefevre by W. Caxton, ed. H. O. Somnier,

London, 1894.

De Contempt. =De Contemptu

Et. Celt. =Etudes Celtiques.
F(eis) TC.

Mundi,

ed. Geary,

Washington, 1931.

=Mediaeval and Modern

Irish Series, vol. vii.

Gael. JouRN.=Gaelic Journal.

GuY=The
ed.

Irish Lives of

Guy
vi.

of

Warwick and Bevis

of

Hampton,

Robinson,

ZCP

Ir. Syll.

Poetry = Irish

Syllabic Poetry, ed. E. Knott, 1928.

Ling. Val. = Stokes, On the Linguistic Value of the Irish Annals, Transactions of the London Philological Society, 1888 1891.

Luc. Fid.

Francis IMolloy, Lucerna Fidelium,

Rome,

1676.

ML-=Mediaeval and Modern

Irish Series, vol. ix.

N.E.D.=The
SoMMER.

O.xford English Dictionary.

See Caxton.

TaDHGD. =The

Bardic

Poems

of

Tadhg Dall C Huiginn,

ed.

E.

Knott, ITS

xxii, xxiii.

INTRODUCTION
MANUSCRIPT AND SCRIBE
1.

The text
in

'

Stair Ercuil

-]

a Bas' (SE) exists, as far as

one manuscript only, that numbered H.2.7 in the know, Library of Trinity College, Dublin. On the composite nature of this manuscript see the Catalogue of the Ir. MSS. in the Library of T.C.D., pp. 78 ff. The section containing SE also contains other translation texts, which are more fully Note that d'Arbois de Jubainville, dealt with in 58-64. Essai d'un Catalogue, p. 149, confuses SE with the account of Hercules in TTr., which, however, has no connection with our text.
I
2.

The portion

of the

manuscript occupied by

SE

consists

of forty-two pages written in double columns, with about forty lines to each column. Between pages 263 and 264 there
is

a leaf
Troy,

(or

leaves

?)

missing,

(see 6)

an account
his

of Hercules' fight

at

subsequent

which probably contained with the sea-monster ill-treatment at the hands of

is

Laomedon, and

of the exploits of Hercules (2549

Further, the synopsis incomplete, but as the ^0 word FINIT occurs immediately before this synopsis the latter may perhaps be considered as an addition made in
his destruction of Troy.

order to

A new text begins on the next page not the verso of 299, but the recto (300), It is therefore not impossible that another of a new leaf. leaf may be missing here, though the rest of the synopsis could hardly have run to two pages. In addition to these lacunae col. 258b is badly blurred, and can only be partially deciphered, while certain pages towards the end of the text have been torn, and make the reading of some isolated words
fill

out the page.

is

which however

and phrases

difficult, without, however, seriously interfering with our understanding of the passages concerned.

in

extracts of the tale were published by Nettlau x 178 ff., though he was mistaken in saying that the text was complete except for the few sentences at the end.
3,

Some

RC

See also

ZCP

xiii

146 x-z.

\1\

INTRODUCTION,

A jvicm about the Garden oi the Hespcrides apparentlyderived from our text has been i)ublished by Dr. E. Knott " Irish SyHabic Poetry," p. bz (see also 30). in her The title I have chosen occurs in a note in col. 299a (2544) CotiiJh i stair Ercuil 7 a has counted sin, and in col. 270 Uilliam mac an Legha qtd (857) we have the colophon An account of the activities iit bona morte pcribit. s^ribhsit and versatile scribe will be found in the Cataof this
: :

prolific

lotjue
I

t)f

the Irish MSS. in the British

to say of

discussing the date of the text and the possible identity of the translator. Hut the question of source has an important bearing on that of date, and must be discussed first.
will

have more

Museum, Mac an Lega when

vol.

ii,

p. 470.

SOURCE.
4.

The source
de

of

SE

is

Raoul Lefevre's

"

Recueil des

Troves," finished, according to numerous in the MSS., in 1464, and printed by Colard colophons Mansion, probably about 1478. William Caxton began an
Histoires

English translation of this work on March ist, 1468, and finished it on September 19th, 1471 (see H. O. Sommer's AH edition, London, David Nutt, 1894, pp. Ixxxv, 3. references are to pages of this edition, as being the most
accessible.

There is no modern edition of the French text), Caxton printed his translation at Bruges probably in the " The Recuyell year 1474 (Sommer, p. Ixxxiv), under the title
of the Historyes of Troye."

The popularity of the work in both languages is shown by the fact that it exists in at least eleven French MSS., and that it ran to six editions in French and fifteen in English, one of which, the " eighteenth," was published in Dublin by Th. Brown in 1738 (Sommer, p. cvi). Recent English editions are that by William Morris (London, 1S92), and Sommer's, the Introduction to which is exhaustive, and has been of the greatest use to me.
The Recueil is divided into three books. For his first two books Lefevre has drawn chiefly on Boccaccio's " Genealogia Deorum," but also on another (unidentified) work dealing with Hercules' exploits in Spain, to which he " refers as the croniques despaigne." The source of the third book is Guido delle Colonne's " Historia Destructionis Troiae." For fuller details see Sommer, pp. cxk ff.
5.

"

"

SOURCE.

XV

The exploits of Hercules occupy part of Book I and the " " Recueil whole of Book II of the (Sommer, pp. 226-501). Lefevre's account of Hercules differs considerably from The following is a others, both mediaeval and classical. list of his more important innovations, together with indications of the closeness with which the Irish translator has in most cases followed him.
6. Lefevre ignores classical tradition and relates three destructions of Troy (probably, according to Sommer, p. cxxix, in order to have one in each of his three books), two of which he attributes to Hercules (Sommer, pp. 285-296 and 348-351). Only the second of these is found in the Irish, but it is clear

that the first occupied part of the leaf that is now lost (see 2) The narrative breaks off at the end of col. 263 b (382) with the arrival of Hercules at Troy Priam, son of Laomedon, is at 911, mentioned as if already known to the reader at 712
. ;

which corresponds to the second destruction in Lefevre (Sommer, pp. 348-351), we are told that Hercules destroyed and the incident is distinctly mentioned in Troy twice 2556 Hercules' first exploits radiate from Thebes, then suddenly we find him in Spain, and finally he is in Italy and Thrace.
;

ft".

In this the Irish follows Lefevre faithfully. The story of Jason, which occupies an important position in most mediaeval Troy stories, receives no more than a passing mention in either Lefevre or in the Irish (Sommer, had already written a history p. 348, SE 896-906). Lefevre
of

Jason (Sommer,
7.

p. cxxix).

" " Recueil Mediaeval customs figure plentifully in the and also in SE. Note for instance the knighting of Hercules (Sommer p. 312, SE 546), and the sending of Megera to a "
" (Sommer p. 346, SE 889). religion Both in Lefevre and the Irish Proserpine
is
is

the wife of
fi.,

Orpheus and

ravished by Pluto

(Sommer pp. 320

649 f.). Lefevre has chosen his incidents from Boccaccio's long list in an arbitrary manner, and SE follows him faithfully, incident for incident, with one addition and only two important
changes in the order
(see 23-27). Recueil," and following it SE, is unique among, mediaeval versions of the Troy-legend in giving a long and detailed history of Hercules. Compare the cursory list in

SE

The

"

xvi
TTr.-,

INTRODUCTION.
and occasional references to Hercules
anil in

CCath.,

TTcbo

Am.

(he following similarities in detail place the s. l''inall\-, indebtedness of the Irish to Lcfevre beyond doubt. " The squyer vnknowen is neythcr the sonne of amphitrion

ne the sonne of lupitcr, but he

is

the sonne of god of nature,"

Sonimer
"

p.

257,

compare SE
calle

207.

Dvryng these deuyses and promyses.

The

daj^e sterre

That the poetes Sonimer p. 267,

"
lu)\v

aurora began to arise in his regne,"

SE

334.

be hit the cronycques of spayne telle that hercules slcwe not his w\'f, but that he put her in to a religion that he and that ordeincd in thebes in the temple of dyane thvs was the first religyon that euer was in thebes," Sommer
. . .

p. "346, "

SE

.S87.

In

remembrance

ill

the felde the statue

of this victorye hercules dide do make ... of a man slepyng in the place
. .
.

where he had putte to deth antheon

whyche was made

of the boon of an ellephant," Sommer p. 366, SE 1099. " ffor at that tyme the women were there all comune, etc.,"

ymages that helde a table wherin was wreton wyth letters of gold Passe no further for to seke land ne goo for to conquere further ony Royames in the weste ffor thou shall fynde no more lande," Sommer
V-397. SE 1382. " he maad an ymage of copre lokying in to the see and gaf hym in his hand a myrrour," Sommer p. 414. "And this estudye dured after vnto the tyme that sa3mt laques convertyd Spayne vnto the Crysten fayth," p. 426. With these two passages, which have been run together in the Irish,

Sommer " And

p.

365, SE 1102. there was oon of the

compare SE 1633 ^ " ffor he louyd bookes aboue

all

the Rychesse of the world,"

Sommer
"

p. 427,

SE

1830.

all other maner metallis semblabl}^ other werkis of nature in all prosperitees," Sommer p. 456, SE 2148. "About fyue of the clock in the morenyng," Sommer

Lyke as the gc^ld passith

all

he passith

p.

is no wynde so grete ne so rygorous but hit attemperid. ther is no nyght so derke but that hit is surmounted wyth the day ... My doughter suche ben the

461, "

SE
ther

2093.

Ne

SOURCE.

xvn

toures of loue. ofte tymes men seyth. that after grete hate Cometh grete loue," Sommer pp. 472 f., SE 2243 ff. For further resemblances of detail see the Notes.

not always perfectly accurate, Irish is a paraphrase rather than a translation, with expansion here and contraction there,
9.

Caxton's

is

a close,

if

translation of the French.

The

so that in attempting to decide whether the Irish adapter used Caxton or Lefevre we have little to help us except the treatment of the proper names (cf. the specimen passage, 42).

Here Caxton has diverged from the French in certain instances, and from these we can deduce some proof as to the direct
source of the Irish.

10

The following
:

is

list

of the

French MSS. mentioned

by Sommer

Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.

I

Fonds frangais no.

,,
,,

59.

II

no. 252.
no. 253. no. 255. no. 22552.
no. 697
(first

Ill

IV

V
VI

two books

only).

Bibliotheque de V Arsenal, Paris.

VII

No. 5068.
Bibliotheque Royale, Brussels.

VIII

Nos. 9261-2 (First two books only in separate referred to here as i and ii).

vols.,

IX

X
XI

No. 9263 No. 9254

(First

two books

only).

Bibliotheca Regia, British

Museum.

Royal 17

II.

These MSS. are here referred to by the Roman numerals, while F. I and F. 2 denote the ist and 2nd French printed
editions (?I478

and
can
"

i486).

Three

stages

development

of the

be distinguished in the manuscript Caxton made his translation Recueil."

h

XVtII

l\

KODUCTION.
the third ami final stage, and there

fnin a

MS.

bt'lonfjinj,' t<

can bt* no dmibt that it is hen- that SK also belongs. I have, however. <xamined all tlu- MSS. nu-ntioned by Sommer. The Paris MS. Unj (\'l) tlitlers from all the others in being an amalgam of the Troy and ja.son legends. Hui much of it
agrees with fa.vton. .md I have included it in quoting proper On the other hand the .\rsenal MS. (VII) diverges " Recucil," a fact considerably from the ordinary version of the

names.

not e.\pliriily mintioned by Sommer, though in his a place apart. I have omitted (p. Ixxxi) he gives it thr materia] from this MS.
II.

stemma
most
of

In

the

following

Caxton and not fomid bv SE.

SK
aragont, naragune,

in

examples changes introduced by any French version are followed

Caxton
aragon
;

French versions
also

cf.

arragon.

naraguinc
r)-

(single

several exx. of

aragonnoys

(arragon 423).

aucotyn, ouenti

aventyn.

auentin,

aduentin

(-i-

not

-y-

in final syll.).
baxsiloine.

barseloyne (barselone 428).

barselon(n)c, barcelongne, berselonne IV 138a, berselone

177a.

cartagene,
cartagine, carta ne.

cartagene.

cart(h)agienne.

catiloigne.

cateloygne.

castelongne, casteloigne, casta-

longne

IV

138a, cathelonne

VI
coroighne
(note corungue,

I22d.

coroignc.

cour(r)ongne, coulongne.

Caxt.
407)-

corongne

lotium.

lodeum (ledeum 319 has no

correspondent
^^ SE).

ledenun,
ledeon,

ledeum,
ledeun,
-e-

leseon,

ledenom,. the

commonest being ledeun. All

forms have
in first syll.

SOURCE.
SE
Caxton
342,

xix

French versions
megera, megere.

megra 887, megera. megra 312,

megera.

[Here megra in

SE

does not exactly correspond to megra in Caxton

The .sentence 342, while to megra Caxton 312 coriesponds ingken 547. in which meghegra (877) occurs has nothing corresponding in Caxton.
in

seems possible, however, that megra may be due to the two misprints Caxton (corrected to megera in the 2nd ed. by Wynkyn de Worde, At all events no such forms occur in the French versions.] see 15).
It

melane.

melane.

mil(l)an

mylan IV

138c.

miranndon.

myrondone, myrodonne.
monchaio, monchayo.

mirmidoine, mirmidon(n)e(s).

moschaio.

mon(t)cayo.
in -chaio,

[In no French version does this explain the -s- in SE].

name end

though

cannot

nauerre.

nauerre, nauare, nauarre.

nauarre

nauare X 114c, correspending to Caxton's navare

;

415-

[SE has extended Caxton's mis-spelling to all three occurrences. have found no instance of nauerre in the French versions].
patriarce.

patrace.

patras.

patrone.

patrone 476,
(see 41).

patron.

piotanes.

phiotones, pheotones.

phertenes, pheotenes, pheotones.

[Most French examples have -ten- in the penult, but I have found -ton- in VIII ii 20b (three times), passim in IX, and once in F. 2. No French form, however, begins with phio-].
senica.

seneca.

sene(c)que.
libia, etc., is

[Here, of course, latinisation, as in the case of asia,

possible].

tisi.

sithee

and other
-t-.

sichie, sychie, siche,

sichye,

no

forms with

forms with

-i-.

[The Irish seems to be simply a metathesis

of the

form in Caxton].

INTRODUCTION.
SE
yolcc
1030.
all

Caxton
yoh-r 430 (twice) all otlit-r exx.
yn\c
.

French Versions
yole.

other rxx. vole.

^i
'

(I

iias

only

oiu- rx. of yolrr it p.

agrees in context with

and

incl

\f(in's

two on

430].

Note abci

in ilie case of harsiloinc, caiiloigne,

coroighne above
is

Caxt(Mi writes -oignc for Fr. -o{n)gne, SE. and compare the modern English

how

and

followed

by
of

pronunciation

Boulogne.
12.

SE

Next I give cases where the reading in Caxton and in occurs in the French versions also, where, however, there

are found important variants not existing in the English

Irish.

and

SE
acncus.

Caxton
oeneus.

French Versions
oeuens
III
pass.,
i

oenous VI
pass.

107b, oniens F.
affer.

affer.

auffer

185b,

cf.

auffrique

IV
aitilas.

iiSb,

V
II

i49d.

achelous.

achelons

VI

pass.,

athelous
F. 2 pass.
alisius.

pass.,

I04d, acheolus

alceus.

placeus II 72b, III 69a,

F.
I,

X
calabre.

90c, F. 2, palceus IX 84d, 58c, palemis I 102a.

calabre.

callabre

VIII

ii

looa,

IX

X
cremone.

165c,

121C.

SOURCE.
SE

XXI

XXll
sr.

INTRODUCTION.

SOURCE.

XXHl

Copland, dates from 1553, and follows Caxton's spelling in almost every detail. It would therefore be possible that this edition was used were it not for the date, for Mac an Lega can hardly have been active as late as the middle of the i6th century (see 17-19). This leaves the choice between the first and second editions. Wynkyn de Worde has in some The following are the cases corrected Caxton's spelling. cases which are important for SE. (The pages in W. de Worde's ed. are not numbered).

SE
alaxandria.

C.\XTOX

Wynkyn de Worde

.^xiv

INTRODUCTION.

more woight luif than in llic case of the French versions, and the evidence as a whole goes to indicate Caxton's ist
edition as the sonrce.
Iribli

also,

It is just possible, however, that the have used a copy of the second edition ailapter may an Lega (but though 1503 seems a trifle late for Mac

see 1/

10).

is therefore that though many details, not names, but also in other respects (see 23ff. proper and Notes) in SE cannot be explained from the first edition " " this is its main and only important of Caxton's Recuyell

My

conclusion

onlv

in

source.

DATE.
17.

The

latest

dated colophon known to

is
i
-\

me

written
:

by
-]

I'illiam

mac an Lega
]

bliadna decc
is viisi

tri .xx.

Tri that in Paris MS. Celt. no. i mili bliadain ais mic de ceithri .c.

legha do sgribh in sdair so re dha Id shamraid ] tahrad gach aen leighfes so bennacht at anmain in ie do scribh so 1 a cluain lorg dam anuis a tigh chormaic i

uilliam

mac an

bethnachain
iS.
'

(fo.

7b).

See

PRIA

1846, 223-9.
for

The
'

earliest
is

possible

date

the

printing

of at

the

in

II vii. Flower, Brit. Acad, xiii 283 mentions an even earlier date for Add. 30512), our text can hardly have been put together later than the second decade of the i6th century. Note also the following colophons from Mise maileachluind mac King's Inns MS. no. 15, fo. 76b illuind meic an leaga do scrib deired in libair-si re n-abur
:

Recuyell 1463 (see

1474.

As Mac an Lega was already

work

SG

pdrtts del argellata do budein t a crich iustasac a mbaile hoiriberd a tig uilliam talman do forbad, isi ais an tigerna ann .i. MCCCCCXII 1 rla. Between the lines of this colophon occurs the following in a smaller hand Oraid raith don ti
:

dcrat torna

dam an
i

mor

esimplair so an liuba[i]r-si {?) .i. conaire mac mailchonaire is dirsan Urn a fad ata am ecmais uair a esbaid dam nair is triamain ata m' inntinn nair is
-j -[

mo brathair .i. jada iiaim siar m'athair isin miimain {?) mo brathair A. Eogan 1 IS rofada Urn co faicim mo shesi connla mac an lega ata a mnig luirg 1 is romhor a ecla orm gur mill an slnag so iarla cille dara he. Et is fad{a .^) ata mo dalta ] mo ccmdalta .i. cormac mac in lega. Is imda india isin
-\

DATE.
ailt
atii uair is nunach imherach e doraith. Colophons and Marginalia of Irish Scribes,

XXV
See Plummer,
p. 25.

ig. Here we might be inclined to see a reference to Uilliam mac an Lega in the words m'athair in the interlinear colo-

But Uilliam phon, and to suppose that he was alive in 15 12. and Illann are two very distinct names, and in every one of the half-dozen or so colophons in this MS. Mailshechlaind Dr. Flower has very explicitly calls himself mac Illainn. to me that Mailshechlaind was the grandson, not suggested the son, of Uilliam. If this is the case Uilliam can hardly Another have been transcribing MSS. after, say, 1500.
possibility, suggested to

me by

Dr. E. Knott,

is

that Mail-

nothing to justify us in assuming that Uilliam's Further, period of activity extended into the i6th century. as I have shown above ( 16), the adapter seems to have used the first rather than the second edition of Caxton's
is

shechlaind here there

may

have been a nephew

of Uilliam's.

But even

work. So that the last quarter of the 15th century is probably the most accurate conjecture that can be made as to the date of SE.

TREATMENT OF SOURCE.
20. In this section I attempt an analysis of the Irish It should be compared adapter's treatment of his source. with Dottin's analysis of TTr. in RC xli 149 ff., to which I

useful hints. But there are radical differences between SE and TTr. TTr. is three centuries older than SE, It is an adaptation of the somewhat arid and not particularly literary work of the Pseudo-Dares of Phrygia, whereas SE is from a work which is by no means lacking in literary TTr. is more than twice as long as its source imagination. and has preserved most of its detail, whereas SE, as we shall see, is a drastically abridged version of Caxton and Lefevre.
21. Both SE an TTr. are good examples of the Irish treatWhile ment of classical and other tales of foreign origin. the main theme is on the whole faithfully adhered to the adapter is by no means a slavish follower of his original. In addition to adopting a peculiarly Irish phraseology and making free use of the commonplaces of the native literature he draws wherever it suits him on other sources and alters proper

owe many

xvvi
tuiiiu-s
.it

IN'TE^ODlCriON'.
will.

The

result

is

a talc which except for its central

thomr

is

thor(U{;h!y

Irish.

In

the case of SIC the

all

Irish

aimctl

alunv
in

at

conciseness.

adapter seems to liave This is shown by the

difference

length between the Anglo-French and Irish versions, and the omission of much unimportant detail, See the sample passage including over fortv proper names. and the siiort description of the second destruction 42),
(

of Troy.

SE

896-912, which in Caxton occupies four and a

half pages

(Sommer, pp. 347-351). This process of abridgement has on the whole been skilfully carried out, but it is

onlv to be expected that certain incoherences and inconsisBefore dealing with these, however, tencies should occur. mention must be made of an important addition on the part of SE.
23. Towards the end of the text the Antaeus incident has been reintroduced under another form. The name Antaeus occurs in the English and French versions as Antheon, and In Lefevre the incident in the Irish (923 ff.) as Anntenon. " " has become vague in the extreme, Antheon being an African t>rant, with no mention of his mother Terra or of the usual details which characterise the classical story. The Irish adapter can therefore hardly be blamed for failing to recognise the incident, and his reintroduction of it under its older and more distinct form {2378 ff.), though not authorised by Caxton or the French, is understandable. He evidently came across the story somewhere and inserted it as an additional ornament to his work, without the slightest suspicion that he was repeating himself.

tempting to find the source of this second and of the episode in the account given in CCath., the Irish version of Lucan's Pharsalia (ed. Stokes,
24.
It is

more accurate version

Irische Texte, iv 2).

incident occurs at Pharsalia iv 593 ff. (Teubner), and has been taken over into CCath. at 2888 ff. It is perhaps ^vorth noting that the incident occurs also in Statins, Thebais VI 867 ff. (Teubner), but has not been included in TTebe Nor have I found it in the " Roman de Thebes " (ed. Calder). " (ed. Constans). It is mentioned in Fleur des Jean Mansel's Histoires," but there is no mention of smearing (see infra) and the account is short. Above all the following circum-

The

TREATMENT OF SOURCE.

xxvii

stance seems to be much in favour of my supposition. SE that Antaeus smeared (2390) and CCath. (2934) agree in saying his body with oil, no mention being made of similar the classical preparations by Hercules, whereas Lucan follows tradition and says that Antaeus cov^ered himself with sand
while Hercules smeared himself with oil. Antaeus is called Aniens mac Terrae once in CCath. (2895), of which the Ainntiiis mac Terra of SE (2381) would be a
(iv 616),
.

enough reproduction. Further, there are one or two details of vocabulary which SE from might lead one to suspect borrowing on the part of CCath., e.g., Ba hadma eolach Ercail isin ceird sin, CCath.
Antaeus incident) gressacht-laidiudh, CCath. 2447
2938
(in
:

faithful

iiidus,

CCath. (Gloss.)
.

iuhus,

SE 1366 greasachtlaidiugud, SE 378 SE (Gloss. See Bidrag 15 ff.,

co

haidme

eolach,

Lama lidarrdha, SE 772

no)
;

litarrda,

CCath.
-[

al-los neirt

troighteach 4029 dichill niachais, CCath. 2-3

:
.

a neirt

a nidechuis,

SE

189.

it very likely 25. These considerations seem to me to make indeed that we have in this passage of CCath. the source of the episode in SE. Three of the MSS. of CCath. were wTitten

The version in H. 2. 7 in the 17th century (Introd. vi-vii). included in the section containing our text, see (not
I,

episode, which from Stowe D.

incomplete and does not contain the Antaeus is also missing, as the result of a lost leaf, The MS. in the Advocates' Library, iv. 2. Edinburgh, contains the beginning of the episode only, and a rather illegible colophon which seems to bear the date 1315;
58-64)
is

Mackinnon, Catalogue 201, and Graves, PRL\ iv 258. it can hardly be doubted that there existed, at the time of composition of SE, a copy of CCath. containing the complete in the episode. Stern sees a borrowing from the same source Here there is in the poem he prints ZCP ii 362. comparison thaidhleadh a taobh one striking resemblance in vocabulary: no thaidhledh a thaeh an tahnain, CCath. talamh, 1. 24
see

But

2897-8.

Corresponding to this

SE

has

tastill,

2399.

Thus 26. SE makes two changes in the order of incidents. Hercules' exploit in Hell comes after the Andromadas incident in SE (752 ff.), and before it in Caxton (Sommer, pp. 329 ff.), a displacement which neither improves nor spoils
the tale.

xwiii

INTRODUCTION.

The Nessus incident (2266 ff.) is placed after Hercules' In Caxton it comes immediately after the killing of Achelous and Hcnniles' marriage with Deianira (Sonimcr. p. 3S4), which is obviously the right place for it. The intiili-nt docs not begin a new leaf in H. 2. 7, so that unless there was an earlier MS. the po.ssibility of a misplaced leaf is e.xcluded. Its position can only be due to an oversight; and. as shown by 2321 f., the adapter seems to have realised the awkwardness involved by the displacing of the incident. Note its omission from D'lchuma Dianira (2545ff.), though the Hydra incident, which it should have preceded if Caxton's order had been followed, ends the list.
2-j.

ni.irriage witli lole

28. Certain minor additions due to stray learning on the part of the adapter are to be found here and there. striking example of this occurs in the Hydra incident (1223 ff.), where

seuen sofymes seven argumentes in Caxton (Sommer, pp. 391 f.). This argument about two limits' (?), as Dr. Alton has suggested to me, is no doubt a reminiscence of mediaeval logic, perhaps a phrase found in some commentary on Martianus Capella (who seems to have been known in Ireland, see ZCP vii 499, viii 566, ix 159). It may be a reference to the sophism of the Heap (Sorites. Cf. Cicero Acad, ii 49), to which that of the Tail (c/. Horace, Ep. II i 45) is very similar. But even the translation given is doubtful, and I have not found any direct source for the correspond to
. . . '

the words repcticion (see note to 1313), arrgtimint for da teora " "

expression.

cf.

(Sommer, pp. 355, 360, 1386) corresponds ars memoratiua (971). Dr. Alton has pointed out to me the following Fulgentius,
29.
esdroliiicce,

To Caxton's "astronomye"

SE

Hercules aiirea mala Virg. Contin., p. 97 (Helm, Teubner) de horto Hesperidum tollit : enim Esperides dictae quattuor sunt, id est Egle, Esper, Medusa, et Aretusa, quas nos Latine
:

stiidiiim, intellectus,
sit studere,

memoria et facundia dicimus, qitod primnm secundum intellegere, tertium memorari quod intelligis,
See also Mythographus

inde

ornare dicendo quod terminas. Vaticanus ed. Bode, III 13. 5.

30.

Another innovation
ff.),

in

SE

is

the colour of the sheep,

:

which the Irish adapter had good authority, cf. Servius ad Aen. iv 484 Hesperides, Atlantis fhae nymphae, secundum fahidam hortum hahuerunt, in quo
for

caeirigh corcra (227

TREATMENT OF SOURCE.

xxix

erant mala aurea Veneri consecrata, quae Hercules missus ah Eurystheo occiso pervigile dracone sustulit. re vera autem nohiles

fuerunt puellae, quanim greges rufam lanam habentes abegit Hercules propter ruborem autem lanae quae similis auro in Africa nasci. est, existimasse eos qui audierant, male aurea
.
.

See also Myth. Vaticanus I 38, II 161, III 13, 5. (Dr. Alton). This detail has been taken over by the writer of the poem " " a striking proof Irish Syllabic Poetry on Hercules in of the source of the poem (see 3). Compare also aon reithe
;

corcardha,

ITS

114,

and

"

Peredur

mab Efrawc"

ed.

Meyer

56.
31. 7s leisin soigid sin ro marbh Alaxander mac Prim mac " deirbhsethar a athar A. Palamides (2297) corresponds to thys was the arowe that Achilles was slayne with after in ye " (Sommer, temple of phebus in troie for the loue of polixene " Parys seeyng the grete domage that Compare p. 388). shotte to hym an arowe Palamydes dyde to them " and palamydes fyll doun dede to the erthe enuenymed "
:

to

(Sommer, p. 627 cf. the second sone was named Parys and surname Alixandre," p. 506). The second and third citations above are from the third " book of the Recuyell," and show that the adapter of SE had
;

copy of Caxton, though "he dealt with Hercules. Note also the form Calcus for Cacus," only " " Calcas (Sommer, p. 542), perhaps influenced by the later " " also Ipolites (1126), Caxton Aen. 475 Ypolyte cf. " " Ipolitus (Sommer, (Sommer, p. 368), perhaps due to
at his disposal a complete
;

p. 83)
;^2.

and Anntenon

39).

The destruction of the "myrrour" by "Nabugodonosor " " (Sommer, p. 414) and the abolition of the estudye after the conversion of Spain by St. James (Sommer, p. 426) are run together in SE (1633 ff.), where the destruction of the mirror
attributed to St. James. In fact the whole point of the " device has been obscured, whether wilfully or not, cf. yf hit happend that ony men of warre were on the see in entencion to do ony harme to ye Cyte sodaynly their Oost and theyr comynge shold appere in thj^s said myrrour i\nd that dured vnto the tyme of Nabugodonosor that was aduertysed of the
is

"

properte of the myrrour fyllyd hys galayes wyth whyte thynges and grene bowes and leeues that hyt semed a wode and that in the myrrour ne apered none other thynge but a

wood," Sonimer, pp. 414-5.

XXX
3j. In

INTRODUCTION.
Caxton Picus
p.
it

will

not allow lole to be married

{1930).

(SonimcT,
In
SI'-

439).
is

Tn

her to marry iok's " a wyse lady," who, Hercules (2231 ff.), while in ("axton it is however, addresses her as "doughtcr" (Sommcr, pp. 470 if.). SE <>nds with a detailed list of Hercules' exploits, which forms the substance of Deianira's lamentation. In Caxton
Dcianira praises his deeds in general terms only (Sommer,
pp. 500
f.).

SE Cacus marries her mother who persuades

34. As is usual in Irish texts of this period persons and battles are described in full and picturesque detail. Striking

examples of this are the description of Megara (509 ff.) the the description of end of the drought in Egypt (479 ff.) the Hydra incident Cerberus and Hell (627 ft., 762 ff.) and the Geryon and Cacus incidents (1389 ff., {1223 ff.) Although these are based on corresponding 1644 ff.). descriptions in Caxton they are purely Irish in diction and
; ; ; ;

style.

35. In addition to this there are to

be found here and there

certain details typically Irish in character which are missing Such are the invoking of God as guarantee of in Caxton.

n-uiresshaidh dia n-ilmianaih etar

cuill olchena (623)
;

cin nach the pact between Hercules and Philoctetes (332) nua fin ] sen corma niidk
;

-]

by Hercules

in

the dramatic throwing off of his mantle the presence of Atlas (998), cf. however,
"
:

hercules caste a way his mantell a ferre (Sommer, p. 344) " and toke his swerd (in the incident of the retaking of

the metaphor cith cloichshnechta (1551) Thebes, SE 859 ff.) do fedftnthi snam for sruthlinntibh firaidbhle fola fordeirgi (2198); 11. 1346-8; the fitting of hooks by Cacus (1673); Cacus breaks suits of armour (1669) the expression co melfaid'ts miiille locc alainn oireachtais (2386), which, however, occurs (1745) in the Antaeus episode and the expressions macgnimartha With (554). damdahhach (595) and ro daisedh impea (1333)Cathair Plutoin (772 ff.) cf. Glenn na inBodar in Compert
;

Conculaind, ed. van Hamel, p. 86. The list of comparisons in Fatua's praise of Hercules (2048 ff.) has been expanded from " the single comparison in Caxton as the gold passith all " other maner metallis (Sommer, p. 456) though Caxton's passage as a whole is longer than that in SE.
: ;

36.
tallies

Sometimes there

is

fairly well with

an already existing Irish idea which the foreign one, e.g. serglidi (13),

TREATMENT OF PROPER NAMES.

xxxi

" " centaur fodhmoir, which is used to translate both {571) " " and giant (1833), a ngradhaibh in gaiscid (564), although
g,

used (546). Caxton's chapter-headings Hercules fought agaynst the serpent of palu(s) {e.g., of lerne and slewe hym &c.," Sommer, p. 388) are neatly replaced by the Irish chapter-endings beginning with Conidh {Conidh c comhruc Ercuil re Monstrac connicci sin, 1367).
ridirechta is also "

How

37. The gods mentioned in Caxton are retained as gods in SE. Thus Juno is a goddess {bandee 9, but bandraigh 92;. note tempull na ndce 105), as is Diana (2499) while Mars and Apollo are still gods (2037, 2479), though at 208 Jupiter is contrasted with Dia na Naduire.
;

TREATMENT OF PROPER NAMES.

[For references see the Indexes in this volume and in Sommer.]
38. Most of the proper names are mere transliterations of those in Caxton. Some show slight changes onl)'. See alsa

the section on Source.

In a few cases forms have been given Latin case-endings,. Ampitrionis, Monstrae. Note also Asia, Libia for
"

e.g.,

Caxton's

"

Lib3'e." Asye," Some well-known names appear in their traditional Irish forms, e.g., Afraicc-ech, ApaiU, Colach, Inis Creit (ZCP iv 238),

Eddille

(also

I tali),

Eigipte,
,

Ercuil

(also

Ircail,

Ercules),.

Eson, Espdin, {E)spdinnech Etha, Greig, Gregach, loib (usually hibiter), lunaind. Prim, Sin Sent (ITS xix 68), Tcid, Tiabanach, True, Troigenach. In a few cases the functions of one of Caxton's characters have been merged in those of another, presumably in order to lessen the number of proper names. Thus Craidon includes

Eurystheus

(Hercules'

fosterfather

in

Caxton,

Sommer,.

At 1 124 ff. Hercules fights with Sinoip, whereas; p. 246, &c.). " " " " in Caxton (p. 368) is his opponent, Menalipe Synope See also the note to< not taking part in the combat at all.
1807.

both to

Thus Aitilas corresponds Athlas and Achelous." Anntenon, corresponding, " " " to Anthecn," seems to have been influenced by Anther.or
39. Conflation is fairly frequent. " " "

xwii

INTRODUCTION.

" " Thellcboyc may be a (Soinimr, pp. .^'^5. otc). Bothemc for inixtuiv (if the names of Bocotia and Bohemia. Cailidoine " " " and does duty for both Calidonic," though Calcedonye we find Calcidoni once (12 16). Gailinnse corresponds to " " at 1623 [cf. ITS xix 68), but at 2309 it is the Galyce " " " Trace is replaced of Patronc," while Caxton's country

Ispirne seems to be a conflation of " hesperiens," for Caxton says that Ypodame" " (itiL^cn n'gh na hispirnc, SE 556) came from Aphytc a c\'te " " " of Epire (p. 316), and his {H)esper3'e (the Island of the is alwa\'s Espdin in SE. Another possible instance Sheep) is Lisne, see infra 40. Magionda (which has nothing
"

by

Galalc, see infra 41. " "

Epire

and

corresponding
'

in

Caxton except possibly the personal name

;

Madyam,' p. 352) is perhaps a conflation of the names of " " while Pires for Macedonia and Mygdonia Cirene may " influence of be due to the Cipres."
40. On the other hand there are two Irish forms for Aeson, for in addition to the usual Eson the form lason (usually for " " Jason) is used. Arges (Argos) gives Irish Arges and

Airdissi.

For Athens we have Ateniis and Tenes.

"

Cilarus

"

give Cilarus and Celarus, apparently meant as two different persons at 607-8. While for Italy, in addition to the usual There are three forms of the Eddille, the Irish has also Itali.

name
in

of Lycia.

Ligsi

due to the influence of

and Lisi are simple. " "

Yconie
(p.

Lisne
is

is

perhaps

314), w^hich

the

the properly corresponding passage, Lici'e occurring later (" passvng by Licie where hercules was maad kynge,"
p. 347).

"

name

"

F"or

Thebes we have
:

Teih, Tebet
:

cases of Getidi

Cotuli, Triopoli

and Tebes. In the Tripidin Caxton also has

two forms.
are the
41. Itali (see note to 1648), Catiloigne and Galale {infra) names of cities in SE, while Cartagine would seem to

be the

name
it

city, as

of a country at 1646, though at 1742 it is plainly is in Caxton, p. 415. Note also cathair Lisi

and perhaps Calidoine (2125-6 and note). common nouns in Caxton become proper names in SE. Monstrae is from " monstre " (Sommer, See also 38), Castilliens from " the castyllyens, pp. 389 ff. " the castylian," Sommer, pp. 416-7. The patrone of the becomes Patrone on Galinnse galeye," Sommer, p. 476, ata ri isin Galale (2308 ff.), where the last name replaces " Caxton's Trace." Cf. Padron in Galicia, North Spain. Names which have no equivalents in the corresponding
(Lycia),

In a few cases

ANGLO-FRENCH VERSION

XXXlll

contexts in Caxton are Adam, Ainnthis mac Tena (see 23 Alaxander, Cam, lathfe, Palamides (see 31), and Seth.

ff.),

THE AXGLO-FREXCH VERSION SAMPLE PASSAGE.

42.
f)f

I here give side a typical passage.

by side the French and English versions Compare SE 1S78-1883.

Sommer,
p. 435.

Fonds

fraufciis no.

22352/0. iSoc.

Quant ceux de cremone veirent

les

geants morts

ils ils

les

eusrent

their lordes

tost ploures car

leur auoient

they of Cremone sawe ded they had sone maad an ende of their wepvng

When

este rudes Sur la fin de la bataille

au point quils veirent que hercules v^aincquoit ils sassamblerent en conseil et conclurent ensamble
quils se rendroient a hercules ct se mctteroient en sa merchi A
celle

and sorowe. for they had ben to hem hard and troblous At the ende of this bataill they assemblid to counceyll whan they sawe that hercules had wonne tlie batayll.

conclusion

ils

yssircnt

des

And concluded to geder that they wold yelde hem to hercules and
put them in his mercy With this conclusion they yssued out of the gates in grete nombre. And cam vnto hercules whichc was thoo

portes en grant nombre et \indrent deuers hercules qui estoit au

dessus de ses ennemis.

Prcmiere-

ment
il

ils

sagenoullerent

luy iusques aterre.

deuant Secondement
et
tierce-

vaynqueur

of

his

enemves

fifirst

luy prierent merchi

ils

ment
cite

et
le

leurs

luy habandonnerent leur biens et lui dirent

tiendroient
\-ie.

quils

toute

leur

seigneur Hercules qui

estoit piteux ct doulx a ceulx qui se humilioient recheut en sa grace

les

they kneled to fore hym doun to the ground. Secondly they prayd and requyred of hym mercy And thirdly they abandonned to hym their Cyte and their goodes and sayd to hym that they wold hold
:

cremonicns

ct

les

fist

Icuer

puis
ost.

manda
Ouant

querir ceulx de son ils furent venus il

duryng their lyf was pietous and gentyll vnto them that were meke and humelid them self receyuyd
hercules

hym

for

lord

that

les mena en crenaone ou grant joye leur fut faicte car ils estoient ioyeulx de la mort des geants et

the Cremonyens in to his grace

and

maad

stande vp.

hem And

to

ryse

and

after sente for

ny auoit femme ne enffant qui

nen loast
les

dieux.

of his ooste. Whan they were come he brought hem in to cremone. where grete loye was maad vnto them, ffor they were glad of the deth of the geantes. And there ne was man. woman, ne childe that ne thanked the

Ihem

goddes.

xxxiv

INTRODUCTION.

LANGUAGE.
notes deal ^j. As tlir (ildssary is complete, the following with special i)eculiaritics of the language of the text rather than with SE as an example of the usual language of the " " normal Hut it will be found that what 1 call the period. parts of the text agree in tlu main with the results obtained in the Introduction i)y C) Cathain. ZCP xix i ff., and by Geary
'

to iiis(>dition of the Irish 1931).

De Contemptu Mundi (Washington

in

'

On
a

the other

hand deliberate archaisms abound

in

SE, and

detailed examination of their occurrence shows

that they are

grouped
'

a rather remarkable wa)'.

'

archaic 44. The most passage is that dealing with the Here we lind, in addition to a H\-dra incident (1223-1367). inflated style, a thicker sprinkling of old spellings pretentious, and forms, few of them correctly used, than occurs anywhere
else in

the text. may note the spellings fod 1240, lirea a huilea ballai 1258, boi 1274, rethai 1293, hatharrdai 1255. I2()S, laoini 1303, fothai 1325, -cahnai -niatai danai 1326-8,

We

inipea 1333, -J)orbai 1336, robca 133S, giidai 1339, forrai 1334. In addition to nasalisation after neuters and accusatives (1225,

1235, 131

1,

etc.)

note

its

incorrect use at 1234

and

1276.

we

In the noim 45. Old inflectional forms occur as follows find Gpl. beoUi 1319. In the adjective Dpi. algemiibh 1267 {cf. 181). In the pronoun hisin 1263, 128^, foraill 1279,
:

cisi

six

examples of infixed pronouns

1295, ind (article) 1232, etc., la sodtiin 1318, while of the in the text three occur in

this passage, at 1300, 1301,

and 1320.

In the verb
'

we
'

ha\-e

1304 [tanla 1288), ro future occurs fothaighcsdar 1293, hitbath 1308 (a similar at ZCP xiii 216. 10, see 61), -debairl 1314, co ro ort 1355, doradhne 1361-2. The pret. sg. 3 in -s, rare in SE, occurs twice in this passage, at 1228 and 1298. For some points
of

rolodtiir 1223, dorala 1226, 1227, 1234,

unu.sual
'

syntax see notes to 1232 and 1284. We also find .some and archaic words (see Gloss.) comnitidhe' horny(^)
' :

1239, 1323. ^0 graine 1241 (.see note), sechtflnlltech 1243, sed road 1272, coblidhi 1303, 1306, 1313, is problem (?) ink chtain 1319.
'
' '

11

46. The limits of the other archaic passage are less easily fixed, but it seems to run from the beginning of the text

LANGUAGE.
to the
' '

xxxv

end of the Centaur incident (626), the language being normal from there to the beginning of the Hydra incident. The following notes on the occurrence of archaisms may be supplemented from the Glossary. It will be seen that many
of these

forms occur also

in the

Hydra

incident.

47. Adcirim.

The

pret. itperl{sat) occurs only at 183, 206,

;

and at 1262, 1295, i3i<S, 1364 adubnirt does not occur between 109 and 665, but is found from there
lyi,
[isbert 433),

as far as 1173.

from

occurs at 84-623 and 1266-1335 only. Apart 3 aigi the ^-form occurs only four times (93' bis, Between 98, 517) before 604, the regular form being ac{c). and 1223 ag and ac are both common. After 1367 ag is b27

Ag.

{h)ic

sg.

to ac approximately in the ratio of 5 to i. Archena. olchena occurs at 83-624 only.

Arts,

doriisi occurs at 41-622 only. Cenmothd occurs at 166-617 and 1287 only. For cnla occurs at 12-620 and 1356 only.

Eile. Forms and 1203-1383.

in -a- {e.g., aile) occur only at 317-627, 782 Forms in -e- and -0- [aroile etc.) are found

beos occurs at 206-451 only, though budein beside fein and budesta beside festa are found passim. Gach. The inflected forms gacha, cacha occur only at

passim. Fos.

155-163. Gan. cen and cin occur only at 23-640 and 1285-1353. The preverb no does not occur after 530.

The only example of uas after 584 is at 1683. Common up to 622 and at 1224-1361. There are only 8 examples of the word outside these two archaic passages, its place being taken by sin. Tarrla. dorala occurs only at 269-601 and 1226-135 1.
6s.
Side.

found in the be mentioned here that the deponent ending -astar -estar occurs only at 130, 303, 305, 361, 437, 465, 1291 and 1293. T-preterites (apart from adubairi) occur as follows atmcht (pi. -sat) 182-582 and 1271-1357, ro fiarfacht 223-521 (note that the deriv. fochtaim is not confined to any part of the text), ro ort 1253 (perhaps to be
48. Reference to preterite verbal forms will be
It

Glossary.

may

considered merely as the pret. of ortaim, see Gloss.). On the other hand the pret. sg. 3 in -s, considered as an archaism by Geary (p. 7), occurs at 997, 1216, 1228, 1298, 2423 and

XXX VI
24^0.
Tloro,

INTKODITTION.
however.
\\i-Siit,

ina\-

in tlio case of pi. 3 -sit

lia\c- a t,'onuinc survival, as wliirh occurs throughout tlic text

Ivside -cdar (sec 6 Cathain, pp. occur, but note dorcuhahtir \.\22.
4().

20-43)

-sc/ur

docs not

Thus

it
'

is

evident

th.il

two portions of the text have

It niigiit ])e argued from this that been heavilv arcliaiM-d.' >fac an I.ega was working from two separate Irish exemplars. Put the uniform grammatical structure which in spite of archaisms can be observed throughout the text is against this, and indeed it is tempting to regard Mac an Lega not onl\- as the scribe but also as the translator of SE (see 58-64).

glance
i,

at

the

text

Celt,

sec

60) will

Mlmire Eigiptacdha (Et. show how fond Mac an Lega was of

Bctlia

'

'

But the distribution of this in SE is difficult to We can only assume that he began the text in an explain. archaic style, and then dropped into a simpler one perhaps
archaism.

from lack of time, renewing his efforts for tlie Hydra incident, which offered such attractive possibilities for fine writing.

The following notes are of a more general nature, and apart from a few archaic features apply to the text as a whole.
50. In spelling the tendency is to adopt the modern S3'stem, and I have been guided by this in expanding contractions. Thus in unaccented syllables I use -ad, -adar, etc., in preference

to forms in

-//-,
-?

Final

-c

and

tlKJugh these are alternate freely.

common

in plene readings. In accented syllables -ea-

occurs sporadically, but has not been used in expanding. I use -Ha{i)- in preference to -6[i). The length-mark is rare

except over
long.

/,

in

which case

print

it

only when the

is

51. The unlenited mediae are written both h d g and p t c. In expanding I use the former, cc tt belong almost exclusively to the archaic parts of the text and can represent either mediae or tenues (142, 413, 420, 960). Confusion of the lenited mediae is found here and there, e.g., Npl. foghmoraih i860, na JiEdaillibh 2193, Apl. doirrsiribh 2167, aighidh night
' '
' '

122, ipf. sg. 3 donibh 1942 (c/. Et. Celt, Confusion is less sg. 3 dodhenum 2477.

80. 16, 23), cond. common in the case

i

of

the tenues Silent cennaighchi 225, deithnebar 1433. consonants are omitted fairly frequently, and have generally been restored in square brackets.
:

LANGUAGE.

xxxvii

In 52. Lenition is in all cases very irregularly marked. expanding I have marked it in the case of the mediae and tenues and /, which perhaps gives to the text a larger number of Icnited consonants than is warranted by plene readings. In the case of m and s, where lenition is only exceptionally marked, I have not done this.
53. Nasalisation is marked only in the case of the mediae and vowels, though in the interior of words that of /is denoted by the contraction for m, see notes to 1417, 2230, etc., and compare neimfni 22^j. We sometimes find nasalisation after

old neuters like ed, urchar, but not regularly, see 306, 588. See also gach. Note its omission in Gpl. at 1989 and 2265,
cf.

De Contempt. 2194
54. Spellings
-ei- is

v.L,

2204.

b}- the pronunciation are not frequently noted -i-, e.g., ro shinnsit 156, tinedh 2500 beside do sheinn 667, meisnech 1702, etc. luranuis 3 seems to reflect the English pronunciation of u. Devoiced mediae appear in leapa 1221, slipa 1543, foirfi 95, Initial /-, besides in some cases representing sgribfa 1381. Caxton's PJi- {Filoces), is occasionally written for lenited p-, In e.g., ben Firotes 835, ben fosta 1106 (? phosta, see Gloss.).

influenced

uncommon. Thus

the case of Frigia 901 (see Aen., LU i) Caxton also has F-. The Anglo-French pronunciation of c is reflected in Se{i)ribrus 852, etc. (usually Ceribrus) and Filoses 235, etc. {Filoces, cf. Fiol-Oiseas, Ir. Syll. Poetry 63 9, etc., and ITS XIX xiii f.). The writing of the m- abbreviation for lenited b (see notes to
250,
55.
1

104, etc.)

is

doubtless only a matter of convenience.

The Noun.
tirchar
'

occur both as m. and

Of the original neuters muir, talam, tir f. Ainm and {cath-)yeim are m., and ed

and

frequently
'

show nasalisation

in

stereotyped

phrases. Long plurals are fairly common, see maigistir, muir, mur, tir, etc. The Ddu. in -aib is found occasionally as an archaism, see lam, tdisech. Many of the masc. personal

names

are o-stems, with palatalisation in Gsg.,

e.g.,

Affeir,

Aitilais, Craidhoin, lasoin, etc.

In a- and
see

Sinoip, Gsg. Sinoipi. consonantal stems the tendency is to make the Asg.
it

Note

f.

the same as the Nsg., but

frequently goes with the Dsg.,

45.

anam, ben, cathair, ciall, lorg, etc. For archaic inflection of the adjective see

There

is

possible case of inflection of a predicatively used form at Infixed pronouns are of course 575, but see the note.

xxwiii

INTRODUCTION.

archaisms, and in addition to the three mentioned in

45

occur at 118, 265, and 974.

5().

Tlu'

\'erb
ro is

(see

also

the

compound verbs

in

Gloss.).

The proverb
()

Cathain,
In

j)p.

a good deal more frequent than do. Sec For ro-less jn'cterites in archaic parts 14-20.

of

the text see iildiiiijcnaiiii,

and

48.

the prcs. indie, note sg. 2 ddciridh (jo, -ftiilidh 1115. in sg. ] lh<> Usual endingiess forms o( ur in strong verbs

(e.g.,

at
-r.s

The absolute ending -{a)idh occurs Rel. 2JI2 J, and the dependent -enn -unii at 1253, 2312.
dohcir, do^ni
.

etc.).

-(IS

2103, 2245.
is

The (Muture

wi-ll

est alii i^h((l

(for the
:

older forms in

-e-

see {do)bciriui, dogeibiiii, dngni'in, gdlxiim)

;

ni foighcona 1994,

juilcongad 2529, impogluis 1927 cond. do chiichnochadh 1387, ni cirochadh 2228, t'o indeosainn 696, do thoigeoradh 1103.
57.

Forms
773,

of

the impf. pass, arc

-gartai

-teighthi
J'cs

passives dos and

For the 1749. are common.

ni haithcnntaigi 1817, The prct. see 48.

Subj. pres. forms are: sg. i -/agar 1970, sg. 2 -citimgi 1307, -fechair 682, -dechair 2316, sg. 3 -ernea 1306, -fagha 2313, pi. i -cttirem 1949, pi. 2 -tucthai 701, pi. 3 dechuid 1951.

THE TRANSLATOR OF

'

STAIR ERCUIL.'

58. To form the MS. H. 2. 7 several more or less fragmentary MSS. have been bound together (see Gwynn Cat., pp. 78 ff.). The section containing SE runs from p. 229 to p. 375, and

SE in this section is immediately followed by of Guy and Bevis (ZCP vi. Here referred to as
by Mac an Lega.
59. Further,
'

the Irish Lives

a colophon is found onh- in SE, it from an inspection of the hand, that Guy also was transcribed
the language of

Guy). Though can hardly be doubted,

Guy

is

identical with the

parts of SE, and on every page we meet with unusual or characteristic words and phrases common to both. Some of these, indeed, seem to occur nowhere but in SE and

normal

'

Guy.

'I'he

achar {=athchur) glossaries: (Acad. Diet, gives reff. to Guy

-|

following words will be found in the respective innarba, craidhail, crber

only. C/., however, de Contempt., where we have eiribeir (pi.) from Eg. 91, another of Mac an Lega's MSS.), glaede, gunna (see note to 1480. The meaning missile seems to be confined to SE and Guy),
'

'

THE TRANSLATOR OF 'STAIR

inithaemannach, modarda,
pailis,

ERCUIL.'

xxxix

nidechus, othrdil (note th for /), Note also tochaithemh Guy 25.8 poinnige, use. aenditine yob annsa Hum rotharaill talmain viain 49.23 (c/. SE netnarrsaid 41.27 co iiua 230, 762), Docomraicedur
;
.
. .

(c/.

SE

1694), gnim greannmur gaiscidh 281.12

-\

{cf.

SE

1171),

An inspecd'innnuih d'argain na M. 281.17 {cf. SE 1401). tion of the two texts will reveal man}' more such phrases. It is also significant that both SE and Guy seem to be from English sotirces, and that no second copy of either is known It therefore seems to me very likely that we have to exist.
in H.2.7 the

autograph copy of these two tales, and that they were both translated and written down by Uilliam Mac an
Lega.

The unique MS. of Betha Mhuire Eigiptacdha (Et. Celt, i) was also transcribed by Mac an Lega. Though a different type of tale from SE and Gtiy, Freeman (p. 118) in stibstance a romance and in manner an essay sees in it
60.
'

'

'

in

suit well with our style,' both of which characteristics In grannnatical of Mac an Lega as a translator. conception structure the language is that of SE, and resemblances in

The vocabulary are as striking here as in the case of Guy. words from Freeman's list (pp. 112-3) occur also in following

SE

aghar, hitaillighi, gaeta, lota, rechtaigenntach, seitche, do Note also -itrmaisnech. to iirdn, thenc, sdrapaih, SE 181, 1267), merrdhanta 80.9, briathraibh ailgena 79.22 {cf. ar barr na cathrach 81.4 {cf. SE 1871), ar taidhlibh in dimaidh
:
:

-\

fhirarrachia 81.8,

long 84.30, chosmuiUtts 86.8, mur gac mbethadhach allta ele 86.10 {cf. SE 1909). The text does not agree in detail with any of the extant French versions (there
ro

is

also a short English version which, however, cannot be Freeman (p. 106) tentatively postulates another the source). the English version intermediate between the French and
Irish,

a state of affairs which

is

in striking

agreement with

SE and Gu5^
'

61.

Stair

Nuadat Find Femin

after

Guy ( 59) immediately to be that of Mac an Lega. sembles that of SE, without, however, being so close to it Characteristic words as that of the two texts just dealt with.
and phrases are mdechus 199.13, ogla 202.6, rotbath 216.10 co prap prlmurhtm (see 45), marbh gan anmain 231. 11, roerigh
235.13 {cf. SE 1726). native tale, so that

(ZCP xiii) follows in H. 2.7 hand which seems still The language of this tale rein a

'

Here, however,
if

we Mac an Lega was

are dealing with a the scribe he was

xl

INTRODUCTION.

the presumably working from ;in Irisli exemplar, though tale seems completely isolated, and we should not exclude the possibilit\- of its being an original composition on his part.
bJ. Oni' at least of the
'

MSS.

'

<>f

tlie

Irish

l)e

Contemptu

have here, (Kg. c)i) was written by Mac an l.ega. iiowever. not a unique MS., Init a group probably going back earlier in date than Mac an Lega, so that in to an
Munili

We

exemplar

spite

(if a geiiend resemblance in language (see Geary's Introduction) {\\v (luestiun of liis being the translator need not be considered.

in SE, Guy, and 63. It seems highly probable, then, that Bctha Mhuire we have three texts translated from English Even when allowance is sources by Uilliam Mac an Lega. made for the fact that he was only one of many writing a the method of relation, fairly uniform Early Modern Irish, the St vie, and many idiosyncrasies in diction point to him as translator. Especially significant is the fact that no one of ihe tales is found in a second MS., and the wealth of archaism points in the same direction. This is more striking in SE and Betha Mhuire than in Guy, but as we can see from SE itself Mac an Lega was by no means consistent in this respect.

belief that Mac an Lega was, if ()4. I have expressed the not actually an original writer oi Irish prose, at least a transBut I doubt if this can be lator and not merch^ a scribe. from internal evidence alone, and "certainly not fully proved from the small selection of forms given in the preceding paragraphs. A fuller degree of certainty might be reached

by a detailed examination of all texts known to have been transcribed by him, based on thorough excerpting and a
comparison with other texts of the period. In this way we might arrive at a more exact assessment oi his contribution
to
Irisli

literature,

translated

and

native.

NOTE ON TRANSCRIPTION.
by grammar or
where they
In the Irish text square brackets enclose additions required sense, round brackets redundancies in the MS.
in
call for special

Words written
in the Notes.

the margin are silently inserted, except remark, when they are mentioned

Here also are recorded all departures from the MS. reading. Doubtful expansions are italicised. In the translation round brackets enclose additions necessary to
the sense.

STAIR ERCUIL OCUS A

LIFE

BAS.

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

STAIR ERCUIL OCUS A BAS.

H.
2. 7.

258ai.

Bui

ri

uasal oirnide don cinel Ghregach,

mic Saduirn mic Ampitrionis mac Alisius mic Gorgofon Ro sanntaigh immorro in rig-side mnai a dhingmala Iuran///5.
5

don chincl cedna .i. Alcamena ingen Electrion mic Gorgofon, robo caoime cruth i cuma inas. ] ni bui hi comhre re ben Ocus doronadh coibfledh co miadhamla leo, ] doradsat dia tuistighib do longadh na fesside. tocurcd dia coibncsaib
-]

Doradudh
.i.

ann

scnathair
-]

dibhlinaibh
.i.

ina

ndochum

lubiter

mac

Saduirn,

a banseitce

Iimuind bandee.

>oOcus ar faicsin Alcamena do lubiter ro las dia grad (?), i iar tochaithimh na fcssi dhoib ro imthigh each dib dia lubiter immorro dochoidh for cula co hinis cathrachaibh.
ro bui a serglidi do ghradh Alcamena gan rathughudh. Ocus do thuicc lunainn damna in galair sin lubiter, 1 dorad 15 si miscais morfhuath d'Alcamena. Dala lubiter immorro ro bui se acca scrudud ina menmain cindus no gebadh dil a shainnti don rigain .i. d'Alcamena. Ro bui ri uasal in inbhaidhsidhe i comfhochraib do lubiter .i. Craidhon ri na Tiabanach, 1 ro bui conblicht i coccadh mor fair ac ri na Botheme. 20 Ocus ro ataigh Craidhon i. ri na Tiabanach lubiter im dhul lin a slogh a n-aighidh ri na Botheme. Robo luth menman la lubiter sin, uair ba deimin lais Alccamena do fhaiccsin annsa Teib. Ro imthigh lubiter cen dicheall lin a sloigh for amus na Tebhe. Ocus rob failigh each remhe, ro fhiarfaigh 25 lubiter ca rabe Ampitrion, do mian sceul a mna do clos. Ocus ro innis Craidon co raibhe a caistiall comdaingin hi Atenus a comhfhochraibh in tsrotha moir fil itir in Teibh ann. Nir cian iarum in tan dochonncadur (258b) Ampitrion lin a sloigh ina ndochum, 1 ni raibhe Alccamena ina fharradh, rob olc la lubiter sin. Ro gluaisidar na sloigh sin diblinaib 30 ro thriallsat dia toghail. Ocus ro for amus na Bothemhe, co calma lucht na cathrach friu sechtair cathraigh caithigsit
Cret,
-] ]
-]

-\

-]

-j

H.2.7, 258a

258b

2.

Sommer

pp. 224

9.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES.

There was a noble crowned king of the Grecian race, Amphitryon son of Alcaeus son of Gorgophon son of Saturn son of Uranus. This king, moreover, desired a fitting wife

namely Alcmene daughter of Electryon and there was not in her time a woman fairer in shape and form than she. And they made a solemn feast, and invited their relatives and parents to partake of that feast. There were brought to them there their grandfather, Jupiter son of vSatum, and his wife, Juno the goddess, and when Jupiter saw Alcmene he became inflamed with love for her. And after they had partaken of the feast they all departed to their cities. But Jupiter returned to the island of Crete and lay sick in secret for love of Alcmene and Juno saw the cause of that sickness of Jupiter's, and conceived an enmity and great hatred for Alcmene. As for Jupiter, however, he was searching his mind for a means of obtaining the satisfaction of his desire from the queen, that There was a noble king at that time near is, from x\lcmene. Jupiter, namely Creon king of the Thebans, and he was involved in strife and great war with the king of Boeotia(?) and Creon king of the Thebans beseeched Jupiter to go with his army against the king of Boeotia. Jupiter was overjoj^ed at that, for he was sure he would see Alcmene in Thebes. Without delay Jupiter set out for Thebes with his full muster. All were pleased at his coming, and Jupiter asked where Amphitryon was, wishing to hear news of his wife and Creon told him that he was in a strong castle which is between Thebes and Athens beside the big river there. It was not long afterwards that they saw Amphitryon (coming) towards them at the head of his army, and Alcmene was not with him, and Jupiter was displeased at that. Both of those armies moved off towards Boeotia (?) and set about destrojing
of the
race,

same

son of Gorgophon,

STAIR ERCUIL
-]

A BAS.

35

frj liathaidh foda, ro bris dibh astcgh dia n-aimdheoin. Docotar iaruin fora n-iu|bh]usaibh debtha i for taighlib na tor trcabhardaingcn, doronsat imairccc aingidi co himcian friu, do[Ta ?]nicc didiu ri na Botheme amach cuca rone sklh suthain caincomrucc cairdemail friu, tuc e fein cona maithis for cumus Chmidon.

amuig

-)

-]

-]

-]

Ao

-]

Robo menmnach lasna righaibh a ttoscca (?), .i. Iub[itcr] Craidhon i Ampitrion. Ocus iar mbuaidh coscair fora

naimdib doib {]) ro thriallsat for culu doriisi. Ampitrion dano is e ro thriall for tus, uair ro adhbul med gradha a mna lama faiccsin sm do lubiter r laiss. ona muindtir cin acht aonmilidh laiss ro g[luais ?] a n-athgairid na 45Conaire ar amus na righna .i. ben Ampitrion [-] ?] fuath ath miledh dia muindtir fora cumthacli, Ampitrion rainicc sa catraigh fora sin dh a seomra na a richt Ampitrion iarum. Ocus ro iher si ro rigna do denum do. lubiter immorro ro thriall si ig 50 a lebaidh na righna, i rob agaidh ann in n-inbhaidh sin. Ro luid Alccamena ina fharrad ^ do choiblig fria. Ro cunnaim da aidhci ac sirdenum lubiter dorcadus re(?) fead da(?) la dar la each rob agaid ann in fad sin a toile risin righain, ro badar sloigh 1 sarbuidhne na cathrach do tshinnrudh, 55 ina toirrthimh saim suain f risin re sin. Ocus do chuir iarum
-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

duaibsech draighechta forna gaothaibh d'Ampitrion techt docum na cathrach fora Docuaidh lubiter ar dorus na cathrach a richt n-aghaidh. do muindtir Ampitrion a n-inad an (?) doirrsiri. modad (?)
lubiter

conblicht

dia

toirmesc

Co

Ocus
leicsit

nir cian

iarum co

tainicc Ampit[rion] ina

e.

ndocum

-j

ro

Ocus docuaid reime coruigi Roba Alccamena. in pallas prim[daingin ina?] roibhi menman lasin righain a ferceile do faiccsin [mach?]tnadh ina ndeadh (?) (259a) in dara fecht iar coiblidhi re riam. 65 Ocus do tuic an righan arna hairmertaibh sin gur imidh
seoca isin cathraigh
iordol eigin druidhechta fuirri o cheile
fess di cia doroine.
-]

comuighthech
e toghail

ni

Ba

halacht immorro Alccamena o lubiter

sin.

o Ampitrion don

cumusc

Conidh

cathrach

H.2.7

258b

259a

6.

Sommer

pp. 229

34.

LIFE
it
;

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

of the city fought bravely against

and the men

them

outside the city for a long time.

them

despite their efforts. and to the battlements of their sure and impregnable towers. They carried on a vindictive struggle with them for a long time. Then the king of Boeotia (?) came (?)
fortresses

entry was forced against Then they took to their fighting-

An

out to them and established permanent peace and friendly relations with them and gave himself and his wealth into Creon's power.

The kings, that is, Jupiter and Creon and Amphitryon, were heartened by their fortunes. And having won a victory over their enemies they returned again. Amphitryon, moreover, set out first, for his love for his wife was very great. When Jupiter saw that from his men, accompanied only by one soldier, and journeyed (?) by the shortest
towards the queen, that is Amphitryon's the form of Amphitryon, and his (?) he reached companion in the form of one of his soldiers (?) the city then (?) into the room of the and she welcomed him(?) disguised as queen then
possible
wife,

route

....

in

Amphitryon, and went to do him Jupiter moreover the queen's bed, and it was night at the time in(to ?) Alcmene lay down beside him and he lay with her. Jupiter preserved darkness for two days and two nights, continually and everyone thought satisfying his desire with the queen it was night for that particular space, and the hosts and great battalions of the city were m a sound and peaceful sleep and then Jupiter threw the winds into during that time horrible, bewitched conflict in order to prevent Amphitryon from coming to the city against them. Jupiter went to the gate of the city in the form of one of Amphitryon's slaves (?) instead of (?) the gate-keeper, and it was not long then till Amphitryon came towards them. And they let him past them into the city, and he went on to the strongly (-fortiThe queen was fied ?) palace (in which ?) Alcmene was. the second time after to see her husband surprised and the queen realized from those l5dng with her before that some magical deceit had been practised on happenings her by a strange husband, and she did not know who had
;
;
;

done

it

However Alcmene became pregnant by Jupiter and

6
lui

STAIR ERCUIL
Hot home
1

A BAS.

gcinemain
iaiiini

Ircail connigi sin.

docuaidh rcimc dia chrich budein, i banscitce .i. lunaind bandec, gur Ocus dochuaidh idha cinntaigh lubitcr re mnai Ampitrion. adhuathniar cckla isin uasalmnai sin. Ocus a n-aimsir tuisnndhthi a toirrccsa d'Alccamona do ghabh lunainn re liaiss Ocus ro inithidh roimpi ina hacnar gan ced 75 dul dia hoilitliri. nir scuir co rainic tempall na ndee a cathraigh cS lubitcr, 1 Ocus ro bui aenben do banntracht Alcamena ac Ampitrion.
Dala lubitcr
ft^illsighcdh

TO

sin

dia

idhbarta dona deib la furtacht d'faghail don righain. Uair ro bui si a nguasacht mor a tuismedh a toirrcesa. Ocus ro innis soro fhiarfaigh lunaind sccla do mnai na hidlibarta, ro imthigh fein asa haithli. Dala lunainne iarum di gan gai, ro dhelbh si hi fein i saine fhuatha n-anmann n-indlighthech a sliasta itir coin ] cethra i bu olcliena, i do cunnaim a cosa

denum

-]

-]

-]

toirmesc tuismidhthi don rigain la ssdraidhecht, conar fhed in righan tuismedh de sin. Ocus ro tuic ben do banntracht [Alccamena ?] foran abairt sin corb
CO

cumang cadat

hie

in

t-anmann ilchrothach-side ro bui ac aidhmilledh na

righna im thuismedh a toirrcesa. Ocus ro imthigh don tempull 1 dorat buidecus dona deibh, i ro innis co rug in righan a " An fir an seel adeiridh ? " 9otoirrces gan tinnes gan t^brodh. " larna clos sin bar Iimaind. Is edh co derbh," ar an ben.
do[n] bandraigh do scuir da haidhmilltibh

draidhechta
Is
95

ann

sin

da heladhnaibh do ghabh ag egnach ] ag imdhergad na ndee. ro bui dorug Alcamena a toirrces .i. dias mac,
-j
-j

-]

mac dibh

foirfi

mo

mar ainm aran mac fa tucad aran mac ba lugha. 1 Dala lunainne immorro ro bui aga thiir ma menmain cinnus do claidhfed si in da naidi[n] sin. Ocus docuaidh si iarum ar
(259b) deroil.
-j -]

feramail firarachta, Ocus tucadh Ercules

-|

aroile co dis dibhlidhi

ind in tsleibhi ro bui a comfogus di ro gabhudh da nathraigh naimdemla neimhe le, 1 docuaidh leo co hincleith, ro fhagaib itir in da naidhin iat, ro marbsat in mac bee. An mac ele immorro .i. Ercuil, ro thacht se in da nathraigh .i. piast in nir fedsad timthivigh na righna na nathracha gach doid do, ^"5 neimhe do buain asa domaib no co rucadh co tempull na
100
-\ -j

ndee an laechlenub

-]

gur benadar legha co

laidir laneolach

H.2.7, 259a 7

259b

14.

Sommer

pp. 234

44.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

That,
then,

7
is

by Amphitryon through that confusion. the destruction of the city of Boeotia (?) ting of Hercules thus far.

and the beget-

it

As for Jupiter then he went on to his own country. And was revealed to his wife, Juno the goddess, that Jupiter had sinned with the wife of Amphitryon, and a very terrible pang of jealousy assailed that noble lady. And when it was time for Alcmene to be delivered Juno undertook to go on her pilgrimage. And she set off alone without permission from Jupiter, and did not stop till she reached the and one of temple of the gods in Amphitryon's city Alcmcne's female attendants was (there) making sacrifice to the gods in order to obtain help for the queen. For she was
;

And in great danger in bringing forth. of the woman who was making sacrifice
truthfully,

and departed herself then she transformed herself into various shapes of brutish beasts such as dogs and cows and other cattle, and held her legs and thighs closely and firmly together, hindering the queen in her delivery by witchcraft, in such a way that And one of (Alcmene's ?) the queen could not bring forth.

Juno asked tidings and she told her afterwards. As for Juno
;

women

perceived from that procedure that it was this manyformed animal that was injuring the queen in her delivery. And she departed to the temple and gave thanks to the gods, and said that the queen had been delivered without pain or " " " It said Juno. hindrance. Is this news you tell true ? the woman. When (the) witch heard that is indeed," said she ceased from her magic arts and began to revile and
insult the gods.

that

Then Alcmene brought forth her offspring, and one of them was perfect, manly two sons and very mighty, and the other was puny, weak, and wretched, and the bigger boy was named Hercules, and
is,
;

the smaller (Iphicles).

for

Juno, moreover, she was searching her mind and means of overthrowing those two infants she went then to the top of the mountain which was near her and caught two dangerous serpents and brought them and they secretly and left them between the two infants, killed the small boy. However, the other boy, that is, Hercules, strangled the two serpents, that is, a serpent in each of his fists, and the queen's servants could not get the was brought serpents out of his hands till the warrior-child

As

for

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.
-]

Ocus do moladar curaidh na natlinKlia asa dornuibh. Ocus na catlirach in gnimh sin dorighni Ercuil. oathinilidh AdnhJuiirt each a coitcinne da maircdh in mac sin co cuirfedh oa chill fon domhun. Conidh e sin cedgnimh gaisgid Ercuil. Dala lurnaijnne bandce o nar fhcd si malairt na na mornaiglicn (?) sin ro cirigh si itir na nclluibh os cinn

A Aimpitrion," ar si, gidh cdh adbert hull let tuismedli na morgeine 111 hicin righain, ni uait-si ro Ro lin igha eda Aniiisgcinedh e, acht for do cenn doronad. don aithiscc sin lunuinde, ro chuir Ercuil for loinges pitrion Craidhon immorro .i. ri na Tiabhanach, iama clos uadha. ronalt amlaidh so he .i. sliabh do dorug sc Ercuil les sin roba heimilt la gach adhbulmor bui hi comfochraibh do, 120 n-acn tuarascbail in tsleibhi sin do innisin, fora ghairbhe i fora airdi i fora fuaire i fora adhuathmaire. Rob ecen didiu do
rathrach.

Ocus

"

"

is

-]

-]

-\

125

aonaighidh dul for firmullach in a n-aighidh na ngaeth i na drochsine Ro hoiledh mar sin co cen caemna edaigh isin bith imme. rob foirtill ferrdha in inbuidh sin secht mhliadhan e, cenn tainic on tsliabh ar amus na cathrach risi n-aban Teibh. e,
Ercuil

teora

fecht gach

tsleibhc-sidhe

suas

-j

"i

cinn for gach n-aon innti in gach uile gnim, (260a) itir lamhach lancalmacht, etar med ] maisi i moraicnedh, etar cruth i ceill 1 cennsacht. 130 Ercuil didiu ro guidhestar a oide im thechta do chur fo
luth
-] -|

Ro

im lucht furfhogartha do chur in tromthinoil dha roibhi sechnoin na a innisin doibh co roibhi mac a cinn a secht Greige uili, mhliadhan aige sa Teibh do cinnfedh forra uile in gach cluidhci i35budh dir do milidh no do laech do beith aige. Do cuiredh
ceithri hairdibh

na Greige

-|

gach tellach

-\

cum gach

-|

lucht furfhogarthae lasna haithesccaibh sin sechnoin na Greige. na tellach docum a Is iat so immorro anmanna na tuath
-]

ndechudarnatechtasin .i. Atenws Tebet Arges 1 Lasedomon Efes 1 Pepos Arsed Magnaisi 1 Cret Aidhsige t Perili An fad immorro ro bui an lucht furTesailli. [l] Triopoli 140 fhogartha a.duhhramar ac tochuiredh na nGregach as gach aird ana rab[a]dar ro bui Ercuil ace imordughudh cranncaistiall 1 iubhus faircsina 1 lotadha lanradhairc do lucht caduiss
-] -] -i

-]

-j

-\

-[

H.2.7, 259b 14

260a

22.

Sommer

pp. 244

51.

LIFE
to the
of his

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

;

temple of the gods and doctors took the serpents out hands through strength and great knowledge and the warriors and soldiers of the city praised that deed which Hercules had done, and everyone said that if that boy lived he would send his fame throughout the world. And so that is Hercules' first deed of valour. As for Juno the goddess since she had not succeeded in

" above the city, and said, Amphitryon," said she, though thou art overjoyed at the bringing forth of the great offspring which is the queen's, it is not of thee he has been born, but he was engendered by another before thee." A pang of jealousy went through Amphitryon at that speech of Juno's, and he sent Hercules into exile from him. Creon, however, the king of the Thebans, when he heard that, took Hercules there was a away and reared him in this manner, namely mountain near by, and everyone would find it wearisome huge were the description of that mountain to be related, with its ruggedness, its height, its cold, and its horror. However, Hercules had to go to the very top of that mountain three times every night against the winds and the severe weather without any covering of clothing on him whatsoever. He was reared in that way during seven years, and he was strong and manly by the end of that time; and he came from the mountain to the city which is called Thebes. He vanquished everyone there in every deed, in athletics and shooting and in great bravery, in size and beauty and courage, in form and intelligence and gentleness. Hercules then begged his fosterfather to send messengers
:

destroying that great infant

"

(?)

she rose

up among the clouds

to the four corners of Greece and to send heralds to every court and assembly that existed throughout all Greece, and

them that he had in Thebes a boy of seven years who would vanquish them all in every accomplishment
to inform

which it was meet for a soldier or a warrior to have. Heralds were sent with this announcement throughout Greece, These are the names of the states and courts to which those Athens and Thebes and Argos and messengers went Lacedaemone and Arcadia and Achaia and Perrhaebia and
:

Magnesia and Crete and Ephesus and Paphos (?) and Tripolis and Thessaly. Moreover, while the heralds we have mentioned were inviting the Greeks from every quarter in which they were to be found, Hercules was arranging wooden
stands

and viewing-towers and full-viewed platforms

for

10

STAIR ERCUIL
anora
.i.

-i

A
-]

BAS.

do lathaibh gaile na do ruiribli Dula na nGregach didiu ro tcclamtar as MsGroigo archcna. na cathrach sin iat. Ro fcr oidi Ercuil gacli aird docuni cede
-)

do

rij^'huibh

-)

da ro seol da righuibh fri each a coitcinne na farthae faircsina dorodhainibh na tog[dh]aisi togtha ronadh doib a mortimcoall na cede a coitcinne. Ro toghsat
niorfailti
-\

-|

-]

150

na Greige do imcoimed na na cles gin guforgull do lecan do dcnum doibh. Ocus is iat so a n-anmanna-sidhe .i. Craidhon ri na Tiabanach rob ri Miranndon, 1 Gorgofon ri na hAirdissi 1 Eson esidhein athair lasoin. Uoronadh immorro dinn deghradhairc na cede do acs gacha 155 1 loc derrscnaighthech a n-cdermedhon ro shinnsit a cuisledha saerealadhan olchena, dana gacha a n-organa furfhogartha ciuil (260b) 1 a cuim caismerta Cidh iil ann tra aclit nirba sorim|th]ea do lucht olchena. airdmesa no gemetre na cruinne a tanic do dirmadhuibh do coirighthibh catha do anrudhaibh urunta iGodeghsloigh do uaislibh gacha droinge 1 do lathaibh goili na Greigi docum na dala-sidhe. Deftr on, uair ro bui a righan cona banntracht
didiu Incht tiadhnuise do righuib
cluitllu-edh
1
-\ -\
-]

-]

-]

-]

-\

cacha hardflatha i gacha taeisigh gacha righ do Ghregaibh og na sen, saidhbir na daidhbir, i^sitir shaermaicne 1 daermaicne nach tanic isin comdhail-si cenmotha lubiter Ampetrion, iarna erbadh do Ercuil forra cin toighecht ann for imecla in trennia 1 in cur calma .i. Ercuil, uair nir mia[dh] lais a mbeith diblinaibh hica shena nach uatha ro tuismedh he. Ercuil immorro ro erigh asin locc inclethi ina rabe a cert170 medhon na cede, i ni raibhi d'erradh uime acht fuathrog shoimemail srollaidhi ima ichtur 1 leine do [ shomaisech ] sidamail imma ghelchnes. Ocus dorad builli foran adhairc nfurfhocurtha ro bui ina laimh, co closs in bladhbheced sin
hi fochruib
-j

dib, uair ni raibi

-|

i75ilmilti

for cech leth. Ro bidhgsat mna hegnertsiigh. lasin delm do ben Ercuil asan daesgarshloigh lasin fuaim mbeinn mbuabuill-sidhe. Do thencsat na sloigh uile he, rob ingnath leo didiu a fhaicsin for fherrdacht a denmusa for med a choirp for aille a dhelbha fora oige ar ai
-\ -] -]

-\

-]

-]

H.2.7, 260a 22

260b

29.

Sommer

pp. 251

3.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

ii

those of dignity and honour, that is, for kings and nobles, and for the rest of the warriors of Greece. As for the Greeks, then they came together from every direction to the assembly,

Hercules' fosterfather gave each and all a hearty welcome, and showed to their kings and great men the choice buildings and viewing-stands that had been made for them all round the whole assembly-place. Judges, moreover, were chosen from among the kings of Greece to watch over the games and exercises so as not to allow any deceit and these are to be done by them, {i.e. the competitors) their names Creon king of the Thebans and Gorgophon
place of that city.
:

and king of Argos, and Aeson king of (the) Myrmidon (s) the last-named was the father of Jason. Moreover a fullviewed platform and outstanding vantage-point v/as con;

structed in the middle of the arena for those of every accomplishment and every other liberal art, and they sounded their musical pipes and their rousing trumpets and their other announcing-instruments. Of a truth, it were

not easy for the calculators and geometricians of the imiverse to reckon up all the divisions of fine armies, and all the battle-companies, and all the valiant champions, and all the nobles of every rank, and all the warriors of Greece who that meeting. And that were little wonder, for every king and every great prince and every leader of them had his queen and her female attendants with him for there was no one of the Greeks, young or old, rich or poor, whether of noble or base descent who did not come to

came

to

and Amphitryon, who had been ordered by Hercules not to come there for fear of the strong champion and the brave warrior, namely, Hercules, for he felt he would be dishonoured if each of them denied
that gathering, except Jupiter

being his father. Then Hercules rose out of the hidden place where he was in the very centre of the arena, and the only armour he wore was a rich satin apron about his lower parts and a tunic of beautiful silky ( about his white skin. And he gave a ) blast on the warning trumpet which was in his hand, so that that loud clamour was heard for many miles on every side. Women and the infirm and the rabble started at the sound and the clamour which Hercules made on that trumpet.
All the hosts looked on him, and they were surprised moreover at the sight of him, on account of the manliness of his build and the size of his body and the beauty of his appearance

12
isoii-aefsi.

STAIR ERCUIL

-]

A BAS.

185

Ocus ro fhcr Ercuil firchain failti do bliriathraibh Is i do fluii,t;libh ailgcnaibh fri each a coitcinnc. dochoidh for ana sin atracht Icseus .i. mac righ Atenus, " A cur calma amus Ercuil i ro umluigh do, is edh it pert ] a thrcnnia fer talman i a inneoin fhothaidh na ferrdachta, nf do coimrm]ess frit ticcim-si do tsinnrudh, acht d'faghbail Do raidh Ercuil, " Dobudh cora don fhoghluma uaid." Ocus doronadh tscnnscr in sosar do munadh," ol Ercuil. imthrascradh iarum. Teseus immorro ro chaith dichill a a nidechuis fri hErcuil 1 nir cuir do ait a bonn (261a) (a) neirt
tiathemla
-| -]
:

-]

190 e.

Ro thogaibh Ercuil Teseus ar inn a gualann 1 ro leicc min docum talman e, 1 ro imthrascair tri ced dibh an
sin.

co
la

an la sin, doroine friu iarum, ro fhagaib etar ech 1 duine coin coimhling mil anmann inndlighthech iat, in ti roba nesa do dib ro 195 bui se primcoisceim miledh roime. Ocus do diurucadh na Fri soighcd immorro ni tabhradh Ercuil urchar n-imroill. teora la tra ro badar foran abairt sin. Ocus ro bui fuath clifinnti do dergor mar airrde claeite aeon ti no bheradh buaidh na n-imthras[c] arthae, 1 rogha eich aeon ti ba luaithi, 200 an ti nach tabhradh urchar n-imroill lamhann do dhergor in ti no cinnfedh ar aei do, ] in ti rob foidi [ do, ] cloichi lice loghmar do .i. diamont, eolg ded don ti no cinnfedh for aighe eoch. Ocus doradadh na seoid sin ule do Ercuil. Ocus ro fhoghuil Ercuil sin uli do aes dana i d'fel205macaib na Greige, na seoid sin co fuilledh oir i innniw^s lee loghmar doib beos. Is ann sin itpertsat a coitcinne nar mac do lubiter na do Ampitrion Ercuil, acht gur mac do Dia na Naduire e, oir minbudh ed ni muirbfedh se in da
Cid tracht ro cind Ercuil forro
-]

uli

-j

-|

-\

-]

-]

"I

-\

-]

-]

210

ni chinnfedh foma huili dainibh ina Ro lin immorro clu Ercuil fon uili domun, ro ghradhaigedar mna na Greige co hadhbulmor he. Ocus dorat-san

nathraigh ina naeidin,

aenur.

-]

-\

215

gradh difaisneisi do in gin C/?mid(jin .i. ri na Tiabanach, 1 roba mo na sin gradh na hingine do-san. Ro ghabhsat na acan oide, ro thriallsat for cula sloigh iarum ced ac Ercuil iar sin docum a crich budhein. Conidh amlaidh sin dorug Ercuil gell ar macraidh na Greige a n-Aenach na mBuadh.
-] -]

H.2.7, 260b 29

261a

34.

Sommer

pp. 253

61,

249

50.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

13

and his youthfulness in age. And Hercules gave a cordial welcome to all in general in princely words and in kindly utterances. Then Theseus, the son of the king of Athens, rose up and" went towards Hercules and did him reverence and O brave warrior and strong champion of the men said of the world and firm anvil of manliness, it is not indeed to claim equality with thee I come, but to learn from thee." "It were meeter for the elder to teach the Hercules said and they wrestled then. Theseus moreover put younger," forth his strength and prowess to the utmost against Hercules and did not move him from his foothold. Hercules lifted Theseus to the tip of his shoulder and lowered him gently to and he threw three hundred of them that day. the ground Hercules, in short, vanquished them all that day, and afterwards ran a race with them and outdistanced horse and man and dog, animal and beast. And he was a warrior's full stride And at shooting in front of him who was nearest to him. moreover Hercules did not give one misdirected shot. arrows For three days then they continued in these exercises, and the winner of the wrestling contests was to receive the image of an elephant m pure gold as a sign of victory, and the swiftest a choice horse, and he who did not give a misdirected shot a glove of pure gold, and he who was furthest [omission in MS.), and the winner of the stone-throwing a precious stone, that is, a diamond, and he who was victorious and all those in the horse-racing an ivory-handled sword treasures were awarded to Hercules. And Hercules distributed them all to the bards and students of Greece, with more gold and riches and precious stones in addition. Then everybody said that Hercules was the son neither of Jupiter nor of Amphitryon, but that he was the son of the God of Nature, for were it not so he would not have killed the two not have vanquished serpents while still an infant, and would all men single-handed. Indeed, the fame of Hercules spread over the whole world, and the women of Greece fell greatly And he himself conceived an indescribin love with him.
: : ; ;

able love for the daughter of Creon king of the Thebans, and greater still was the love of the girl for him. The hosts then took leave of Hercules and the (his ?) fosterfather and

forthwith returned to their own countries. So thus it was that Hercules estabhshed his superiority over the youth of Greece at the Tournament of the Victories.

14
lar n-imtccht

STAIK KRCUIL

A BAS.

oido

lilrcuil
]

.i.

Ercuil

dona

do sloghaibli na Greigc in gach aird doroine ceithri n-aidhci do Craidlion, fes celliri la sloghaib a coitcindc hi commaidem na ngnim-j

ssosidhe doronc Ercuil.

Nir cian iar sin co facadar in long

-] -]

225

lanmor (261b) ac techt sa cuan ina ndochum, tangadar fuirinfl na luinge a fiadhnuisc in rig edaighi ingnathacha CO n-cdrochl ndatha impu. Ocus ro fiarfacht a n-imlus dibh Ocus ro indsidar 1 scela na n-edaighi n-ilniamach bui leo. lucht na lunga gur cennaighchi comaidhci iat ro bui ic imiuadh
-]

ro innsidar beos co a cennaighcchta sechnoin in domhun, rabhe ailcn suthach sidhamail balclan do cairibh con n-oluind corob don oluindco[r]cra Ico annsan Espain do tsinnrudh sidhe doronadli na heduighi ildatliacha bui leo. Ocus atpertsat 230 beos nar tharaill talmain riam aonfhcr ba treisi nan ri nach roibhe isin chnfinne aenbui forin tir sin .i. Filoces, oilcn roba daingnc difhogluighi innas. Defir on, uair ata aill ard imslcmain a n-urtimcill ind alein cin chonuir ind nd as cenmotha essruis imcael co ceimeannaibh cumgae comdirgae 235 ac dul suas foran alen. Ocus ro gab Piloses in tir sin fora ro marbh uili iat. dubhachasachaibh budhein, Ocus is amlaidli ata in tslighi imcumang sin fodhmoir arachta e ainichtach aca foruire, corpreamar cliabhlethan he niata nertmar naimdemail, he daer crobhremar, 24odanardha documainn ic imcoimed na slighedh sin co sirighi
;

-j

-]

-\

-j

-]

-]

-j

sarinill

gar|^bh

imremar agarb iamaigi (i) faebarger ina Jdoidibh, i inar do chrocnib leogan gan lesughudh
-)

lorg

ime, I tromluirech threabraighi threngarbh thulborb for sidhe anechtair. Ingnathach immorro in trenfer sin etar med
245
"1

aicnedh

-j

ardnert, etar

arm

-]

errad

ainmine.

imcoimed na slighedh atbertamar connach

ina bethaidh seocu cin malairt,
-]

teit

Bi sidhe ic eladhach

is frisin

n-alen so adbeirdis
-]

na fileda in lu[bh]gort con n-ubluibh oir fair serpens hicca imcoimed. Ocus cid be don cinedh daona nech do rachadh 250 do fhromad na n-uball-sidhe co tibhredh an serpens atpertamar indrudh saeghail do cenmotha in ti no crenfadh (262a) fora comthrom do dher[gjor cech ubull dib. Is iat na hubla oir immorro na cairigh corcra atpertamar, 1 is i in [njaithir ncime .i. in t-aithech aingide etrocar-sidhe ro bui hie malairt
255

gach aein.

H.2.7, 261a 35

262a

4.

Sommer

pp. 262

3,

284.

f}

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

15

When the armies of Greece had departed in all directions Hercules' fosterfather Creon held a festival lasting four days and four nights for Hercules and the armies in general to
celebrate those deeds which Hercules

had done.

It

was not

long afters\'ards that they saw a very big ship coming into the harbour towards them, and the ship's crew came into the presence of the king dressed in wonderful, brightly-coloured and he inquired of them their business and asked clothes them for information about the resplendent clothes which And the men of the ship related that they were they had. merchants who were travelling with their wares about foreign the world, and they related further that there was a fertile, peaceful island full of sheep with crimson wool in Spain, and
;

that it was from that wool that the many-coloured clothes and they said also that which they wore had been made there had never come on the earth a stronger man than the king who ruled that country, namely Philoctetes, and that there was no island in the universe stronger or more impregnable than that one. That might well be, for there is a high and very smooth cliff around the island, with no path leading in or out except an exceedingly narrow track with narrow,
;

abrupt steps going up took that country from

to

the

island.

And

Philoctetes

its original

them

all.

And

that very narrow

a giant stout, broad-chested, and burlygiant watching it handed, valorous, strong, and vindictive, base, barbarous and hateful, guarding that way perpetually and very securely. And (he has) a very thick, rough, iron club in his coarse
hands,
skins about him,

way

inhabitants and killed has a terrible, merciless

whetted, and a tunic of untanned lions' and a heavy, triple (?), strong, rough, Wonderful indeed is rude-fronted -breastplate outside that. that warrior both in size and courage and great strength, in arms and armour and fierceness. That (giant) guards the

keenly

way we have mentioned

so that

no one escapes
it is

him without being destroyed, and

;

alive past that island which the

the golden apples and a poets used to call the garden with and whatsoever human being went to serpent guarding it taste of those apples the serpent we have mentioned would make a murderous onslaught on him, except him who bought Now the every one of the apples for its weight in pure gold. are the crimson sheep we have mentioned, golden apples and the venomous serpent is that wicked, merciless giant

who was

destroying everyone.

1()

STAIR ERCUIL
Alport
(iiiliu

A BAS.
:

in

vi

.i.

oide Ercuil
-)

mb(///; (la chairigli dibh fri siledh

"Coin mair dun aca comthrom do dher[g]or

-j

uaind orra." Atpert Ercuil cu mhciih fo cenn begain aimsiri. airdi aicennta Is and sin inimorro ro ghabh foluaniain menman :6od() niian na cai)rach corcra Ercuil, uair ro thuic se co mbeith foran alludh i ardnos don ti no cinnfedh for Piloses clii Ocus docuaid no ]:)cnfadh na cairig-sidhe dibh. athach, t fuirenn arrachta fircalma mar aon PIrcuil a luing iarum, ris, ) robo chian do iar sin for echran na hardbochna ] for 265imarchor an orcein anfcnaigh, connus tarla a cinn trill iar Caerach Corcra. Ocus dochunnaic Ercuil sii^n] e a n-Oilen na in fodmoir ferrda in t-athach tailc tren adhuathmar
-| -]
-j -]

foirtill

firarrachta ro bui

ic

imcoimed na slighedh
riam.
-|

na

Dorala didiu coir atpertamar in fomoir imcoimeda na a-o n-imagalma eturra, itir Ercuil caerach. Ocus ro liarfaigh in t-athach scela do Ercuil. Ro a turns, itbert in fodhmoir innis immorro Ercuil a tosca mina heith ilimud oir ngloinigi ngem leg logmar aice cloidim corbo turus dimain. Atpert Ercuil corob le nert gae 275 do benadar-san in t-oilen cona cairibh da du[th]c[h]asachaibh Cuma ro budhein, i co mbenfadh-san dib-sein samlaidh. raidh atracht asin luing docum an athaigh. larna fhaicsin foran mbeinn sin don athach dorad builli foran corn catha fon mbuabuill ro bui fora incaibh co clos fon cathraigh 28ooilen uli e. Filoces didiu .i. in ri, ro bui ina colladh in tan sin, ro duisgsit in banntracht co hutmall e, atracht Filoces iar sin co tairpech troidhescaidh ina ceimennaibh curad ina baire baissi do imfurtacht inn 1 ina ruathar righmiledh eccomluind bui foran athach. Ocus ger grib tanic ni rue fora Ro fogair immorro Filoces 285ceile cin dicennudh ac Ercuil. for Ercuil cor dimain ina nderna, i co toitfedh fein atpert ind. Atracht Ercuil iar ndich(262b)(c)ennudh in athaigh suas CO reimhorach a n-aighidh na hailli a ndail Filoces, i tainic Filoces co discir ina chomdail-sim dochum na hailli. 290 Ocus ro thogaibh Filoces in luirg imremaiy athgeir inaltena ro bui ina laimh for amus Ercuil, dorat brathbuille bidhbadh dochum Ercuil don letanluirg-sidhe. Ro dhin Ercuil e budhein on nertbeim sin. Cidh edh ro cuiredh ceim for culu Ercuil
hasraisi

imcaoili

-\

-]

-]

-\

-]

-]

-j

-]

-]

-j

-\

-]

H.2.7

262a 4

262b

7.

Sommer

pp. 264

6.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

"
:

17

Then the king, Hercules' fosterfather, said Fortunate were we had we two of those sheep to breed from in exchange for their weight in pure gold." Hercules said that he would have them in a short while. Then of a truth Hercules was filled with excitement and high courage through desire of the crimson sheep, for he saw that he who should vanquish Philoctetes and the giant and take those sheep from them would be famous and renowned and celebrated. And then Hercules went on board ship, together with a valiant, trulybrave crew, and for a long time after that he was contending with the mighty sea and being tossed about by the stormy ocean till, after a time, he arrived at the Island of the Crimson Sheep. And Hercules saw the violent, strong, terrible
giant,

guarding

the doughty, stout, truly- valiant monster who was the way, the very narrow passage which we

have mentioned above. Moreover, there followed a parley between them, between Hercules and the giant who guarded the sheep and the giant asked Hercules his business. Hercules, moreover, related his business and the reason for his journey, and the giant said that unless he had much gold and gems and precious stones it was a journey in vain. Hercules said that it was by force of spear and sword that they had taken the island and its sheep from their natural owTiers, and that he would take (it) from them in the same way. No sooner had he spoken than he left the ship and came towards the giant. When the giant saw that he gave a blast on the bugle, on the trumpet which was in front of him, so that it was heard throughout the whole city and island. Philoctetes the king, moreover, was asleep at that time, and the women awoke him hurriedly, and Philoctetes
;

swift-running, with warrior-hke steps and with the rush of a kingly fighting-man and with an impetuous swoop to help the giant in his unequal contest, but though he came quickly he did not reach his fellow before the latter had been beheaded by Hercules. Philoctetes,

rose

up then impetuously and

done was

however, challenged Hercules, and said that what he had in vain and that he himself would perish for it. Hercules, after beheading the giant, went triumphantly (?) up
cliff

meet Philoctetes, and Philoctetes came meet him. And Philoctetes raised the stout, very sharp, whetted (?) club that was in his hand against Hercules, and dealt Hercules a destructive, vindictive blow with that broad club. Hercules warded off that
the face of the fiercely to the
to
cliff

to

i8
do
-95

STAIR ICRCUIL
sin, 1 ro

A BAS
-]

lliof^aibh

Filocos doriisi in luirg ccdna,

ro bui
-;

ac sirb\ialailh
brathbnillib
adl)li/<7
fii

Ercuil do balccbcimcnnaibh bidhbadii

-]

do

odmara
hathaidh

tliromurhiigi iha.irpigh thorannErcuil immorro ro bui hica fada.

ili>

airscligi
I-'iloccs.
3.V.

lais

trenbemennaibh sin glicc ciallgaesmar forna Dorone Filoces gen gairc iarum uair roba menmarcc CO claiiVdh se Ercuil o nach facaidh ara cosaint he.
co
didiu
ro
i

Krcuil

fichaiccennta
]

h'n robhurta rechtfheirge confadh cithanfaidh a ciall

]
i
-]

faelscuchadh a cedfaidh,

305

310

315

ro iadastar a dorad sidhi sanntacli for amus Filoces, iman luirg ro bui ac Filoces i dorat tarraing tharpech thrennertniar fuirre iarum gur bena(a)star de dia amdeoin hi, i tuc urchar athlam urmuisnech di gur cuir a Filoses immorro robo fudoinain in mara cdh radhairc lii. machtnudh menman lais gilla occ amulcach do bein na nach tarrla luirgi lethanaidbli asa doitibh dia aimdeoin, ris riam da linmairecht catha nait ceda nait cetherna, curaidh naid cathmilidh ar nach cinnfedh da cedcuindscleo co Cidh ed bees ro cuimnigh a rochtain do Ercuil cuigi. dorad builli miledh for amus chloidheam co ciallmar Atracht Ercuil ceim ina aighidh isin strapa Ercuil dc. n-imcumang-sidhe 1 doronsud comrucc gan coigill 1 debhaidh imairecc cen imdeghail cin dichill ] urluidhi cen osudh cin tocht cen toirisim hie limdibi alale no comadh dorche
doit niiledh
-]
-i -]

320

ind aghaidh doib. Doronsat immithissi co muiche na maidne arabarach. Ro suifihsitt in da ri[gh]milidh oinech (263a) fri hoinech a fochruibh arale. Dorala immorro coir n-imagallma so[i]ne
"

-)

comraidh doibh

in

oidhci

sin

.i.

setal

ac ecnach alale
-]

325

athaigh ele ac innis a ngnimarta gaile gaiscidh diaraili. comlunn 1 mor n-echtra ] Filosses didiu mor comruc n-imthecht n-angbuidhi ro bui aigi re innisin a ndorone Ercuil immorro nirbo tshamlaidh do, uair rob e sin riam.
-j

330

a cedgnim gaile cenmothae buaidh na (na) n-uili chluidhchi do bhreith o Ghregaibh a n-Aenach na mBuadh ar faidhchi na Teibe amail atpertamar riam. Doronsad iarum cunnradh friaraile .i. cc be dibh ro claifidlie, cen tescadh cin timdibhe do dhenum fora cumtach, acht a fostad i n-aruidhecht airm imfhritholma aigi co bas do chuirsit Dia nime 1 erraidh
-]
;

-]

H.2.7, 262b 8

263a

17.

Sommer

pp. 266

7.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

19

strong blow, but even so Hercules was forced back a step by it, and Philoctetes raised the same club again and was perpetually dealing Hercules vindictive, mighty blows

and

malicious,

mortal

violently,

powerfully,

and hacking at him strokes, and clamorously for a long time.

Hercules, however, was warding off those strong blows of Philoctetes' cleverly and astutely. Then Philoctetes laughed, for he thought to vanquish Hercules, for he did not seem
to

him

to be on his guard.

But the mind and senses

a torrent
of

of

Hercules

became

filled

with

furious

anger

fierce-tempered wrath and tempestuous fury, and he made an eager rush at Philoctetes and closed his warrior's fist about the club which Philoctetes had and jerked it violently, strongly, and forcefully, so that he took it from him against his will, and threw it with a quick, well-

and

directed cast

and sent

it

into the depths of the sea as far

And Philoctetes was amazed that a as the eye could see. young and beardless lad should wrench the broad, huge
club out of his hands, for till the arrival of Hercules he had never met with regiments or battalions or companies of warriors or soldiers, however niraierous, whom he could not overcome at his first onset. However, he resourcefully remembered his sword, and dealt Hercules a warrior's blow with it. Hercules moved up a step against him in that very narrow stair, and they waged unsparing conflict and un-

remitting battle and ceaseless smiting and uninterrupted, ceaseless, unrelenting combat, hacking at each other till

dark night descended on them. They made a truce till early next morning. The two And kingly warriors sat down face to face with each other.
they

had seemly and varied conversation together that

night, now abusing each other, now relating to each other their deeds of prowess and arms. Philoctetes, indeed, had

many

battles

and

conflicts

and many adventures and wicked

But Hercules was exploits to relate, all he had ever done. not in the same case, for that was his first deed of prowess,
except for that of winning the victory of all the games from the Greeks at the Tournament of the Victories in the arena Then they made a of Thebes as we have mentioned before. pact with each other, that whichever of them should be overcome his helmet should not be hacked or disfigured, but that he should be retained in service of arms and armour and attendance till death and they made the God of
;

20
a
r^ithnachits

STAIR ERCUIL
imbo-sidho.

A BAS.

rotla
3J5

fiirf(.){^;u-tlia

do

dh[cr";scnaigli

Is ann sin dochunnaic Ercuil na maiilnc dia ngairit na illcdha Aurora Ocus rob[o 1 ?]uth do ictlannaibh. si
;

Ico-san sidhc.

Nir cian doib in tan do fhortamhlaigh soillsi in lae forro, doronsat comlunn anathlum urmuisnech Ocus ro bui imarcraigh adhbulmor ac fri hatliaigh foda.
",

atrachtsat iarum

-]

iio

345

a beith da ceim osa cinn foran asrais cumuing atpcrtamar, i nert cech aonbuilli ac toitim anuas Ercuil didiu ar mbcith Filoces for Ercuil gan admhilledh. uasa cinn a fad ni roichcdh a nirt fcin a n-aonbeim ina docum. Ru (Ihcrc Ercuil seocha t rocunnaicc log socuir hi comfhochruibh do isin aill, i ro leic a n-ennirtte dia dheoin e,
Fildces o Ercuil
.i.

350

ro len Filoces co ro thriall for culu docum na socrachta, dian drcaman dasachtach he, uair robo deimin lais corob ac teichcdh ro bui Ercuil. Lucht na lunga immorro ro lin gubha lar rochtain na dobron iad d'imecla Ercuil do clodh. socrachta do Ercuil ro an ina certsesam fris. Filoces didiu
"]
-]

do buail
- in

se brathbuilli
i

croiccnn

feoil

bidhbadh for Ercuil cor tescc in t-ededh na righedh cle co domuin, (263b) gur
Ercuil [immorro
?]

doirt a fuil co hadbhul.

ro daisedh imbe,

355

-]

] ro buail builli ar Filoces cor bloidh in cathbarr a n-ilpairtibh La sodain immorro dorad cor cuir a cloidim asa laim.
-]

ro thogaibh co hard uasa gualaind e do chruadhcuibrigh co nert ndigaind iarum. Ro cuimnigh Filoces do Ercuil in caingen cona rkthnachus tucsatt roime in comrucc, 1 ro scail Ercuil de iar d[t]ain.

Ercuil bedhg de for incaibh Filoces

-|

360

365

370

Ocus atracht Filoces i ro tuim fora gluinibh i tiadhnuise I dorad a lamh [in ?]a laim. Atgladhastar iarum Ercuil for lucht na limga ina docum, docuadar co prap docum na cathrach, ] doronsat feis ann. Ocus do chuir Ercuil tri .xx. dona cairibh corcra ina luing, a leth firenn 1 aloile boinenn dibh. Filoces dano ro imthigh la hErcuil, 1 nir scarsat friaroile in cein robsat beo iat. Ocus adeirid na heolaigh nach tuc ri amra riam a lamh a laim righ ele is ierr do chomhuill a cunnradh a fhirinde na Filoces d'Ercuil. Tuc Ercuil iarum .xxx. caora dona caeirib corcra sin dia oide iar rochtain na Greige do, 1 tuc an .xxx. caera ele dibh d'uaishbh 1 d'ardmaitibh na Greige. Conidh hi echtra Ercuil a n-Oilen na Caerach Corcra connicci sin i reliqua.
Ercuil
-j -] -]

H.2.7, 2G3a 17

263b

24.

Sommer

pp. 267

70.

LIFE
Heaven

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

21

their security for that (pact).

Then Hercules saw the

which the poets call Aurora. She excelled (all other) stars. And they were glad(?) at that. They were not long thus when the day dawned on them, and then they arose and waged very vigorous, resolute battle for a long time and Philoctetes had a very great advantage over Hercules, for he was two steps above him in the narrow passage we have mentioned, and the force of every blow was Nor could Hercules, coming down on Hercules unbroken. since Philoctetes was far above him, put his full strength into any blow which he aimed at him. Hercules looked behind him and saw a level recess near him in the cliff and he pretended to be weakening, and retreated to the firm position, and Philoctetes followed him swiftly, fiercely and furiously, for he was convinced that Hercules was running away. Moreover, the ship's company were filled with sadness and sorrow for fear that Hercules should be overthrown. When Hercules reached the level ground he stopped and opposed him firmly. Philoctetes, however, dealt Hercules a vindictive, destructive blow and cut through armour and skin and deep into the flesh of his left arm so that it bled
star that heralds the morning,
; ;

Hercules, maddened (by the blow), struck at profusely. Philoctetes so that he smashed his helmet into many fragof his hand. Thereupon, moreover, Hercules leaped at Philoctetes and raised him high above his shoulder and then bound him fast and full Philoctetes reminded Hercules of the guaranteed strong. pact which they had made before the fight, and then Hercules loosed him, and Philoctetes came and fell on his knees before hand. Then Hercules, and put his hand in (his ?) Hercules called the ship's company to him, and they went quickly to the city and made a feast there, and Hercules put sixty of the crimson sheep into his ship, half of them male

ments and knocked the sword out

and the other half female. Philoctetes, moreover, went away with Hercules, and they did not separate from each other as long as they were alive. And the sages say that no great king ever put his hand in that of another king who fulfilled his agreement and word of honour better than Philoctetes to Hercules. Then Hercules gave thirty of those (did) crimson sheep to his fosterfather after reaching Greece,
lords of Greece.

to the nobles and great the adventure of Hercules in the Island of the Crimson Sheep thus far, etc.
of

and gave the other thirty

them

And

that

is

22
I.ir

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.

373

forba in morgiiinui sin do Itrcuil docoidh docum a do lliriallsat do iniluad mara. Mor lunga cona mnindtir, do cccoimhne;'!, do ilhnadh i do documal, mor do anfcne
-]
-\

do imarcor na lonn trcathanmor na bochna bruchtaidhbli tlorala doibh scclmoin in mara, no cor cuir esculuanfatlhach i greasachtlaidiugud na ngaeth a port na Trae iat. Ro bui didiu comdhail imsloigh for ur in cuain sin,

mor do fchran

-\

380

-]

ro Icic Ercuil dia saidhe.

-]

Airm a

facaidli

merge

ro fiarfacht cisi damna broin ann ro thriall for tos, doibh, uair ro bui airde cuma orra .i. eduigh duba
at

in righ, is torsi
-\

{Here probably followed Hercules' fight ivith the sea-monster Troy, his ill-treatment at the hands of Laomedon, and his
of Troy, see Introd.).
(264a) ualaidh an guth imeclach eccruaidh uassad ] rocunnaic in t-aonfher ann, -] ro

first destruction

hi
385

crand ard adhbulmor,

liarfacht scela de.

Ocus ro
-\

na

tiri-sidhe do,
1

innis do corob do du[th]cas[achaibh] amail ro ma[r]bhsat na leoghain a n-uiH

cethre

390

A mbui ann iarum maccu 1 ingena. na tri leogain lanmora 1 na tri hanmanna angidhe urbadhacha for dreman ] for dasacht ina ndocum. Bui didiu leogan dibh-sidhe ro saraidh ind uili anmann
indilc,

connfaca

for urghrain, for nert ] for naimdigi, indhgh/Zzt'cA for airdi for gairbi 1 for greannmaire, for fich for firnert, for ] udmoille -\ [for] arrachtas. Defir on, uair nir foibhredh riam
-]

395

dia ait[h]e i dia ailtinecht etar cloidhem 1 biail, etar gae glaee, etar shoigit 1 sleigh, arm no thescfadh aenruainni a curp in leoghain sin do tsinnrudh. Ro theich iarum Filoces
-j

400

405

410

crunn anairde d'imecla na leoghan. Ercuil didiu dorad dorad gliaidh ngairbh doibh fri hathaigh forra, fhoda. Ro bui didiu in leoghan mor-sidhe fora incaibh a[c] comruc fris, leoghan fora dheis alaile fora cli dibh olchena. Dorat Ercuil beim dighla do leoghan dib gur ben a lethcos de. Ro sgrech in leoghan ro thurn docum talman, ro bui a crolighi de. Ocus dorat fathbem firamnas don dara leoghan gur bean a cend de. Ro bui Ercuil ac sircaithemh a neirtixism. leoghan mor, aca bualadh do bemennaibh take tulborba d'imbualadh arrachta ollnertmar do saittibh sanntacha sircalma, nir gherr nir these aenruainne ina curp fedh in tsamlae. O rocunnaic Ercuil nar fhed fordercadh foran leoghan ro cuimnigh in sab iamaidhe ro faccaibh na shesam frisin crann atbertamar, ro imthigh fora culu ina dhocum 1 he ac sirbualadh an leog hain, ro glace in sab
isin

aghaidh

-]

-\

-\

-|

-\

-]

-\

-\

-\

-]

H.2.7, 263b 25

264a

-\

-]

32.

Sommer

pp. 271

301.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

23

After Hercules had completed that great exploit he went to his ship with his men and they departed to travel over the sea. Much trouble and hardship, much storm and stress,

and tossing hither and thither on the great, waves and the greatly-belching sea did they meet strong with throughout the ocean, till the tempestuous foaming and urging and inciting of the winds brought them to the port Now there was a very numerous gathering at that of Troy. harbour, and Hercules made towards it. He first went to the place where he saw the king's standard, and asked what was the cause of their sorrow and grief, for they wore signs

much

buffetting

of

sorrow,

that

is,

black

clothes

heard (?) a frightened, feeble voice above him in a high, huge tree and saw a man in it and made inquiries of him. And he told him that he was one of the natives of that coimtry, and how the lions had killed all their cattle and flocks, all their boys and girls. As he waited there then he saw the three very great lions, the three wicked, baleful animals (coming) towards them in fury and madness. There was one of those lions, moreover, which exceeded all beasts
in height

and

ness, in roughness

in hideousness, in strength and in vindictiveand in aggressiveness, in fierceness and in

That might well great strength, in agility and in might. be, for there was never whetted, however keen or sharp, any weapon, sword or axe, spear or blade, arrow or lance, which would cut one single hair from the body of that same into the tree for fear of the lion. Then Philoctetes fled

up

lions.

But Hercules turned on them and gave them savage battle for a long time. Now that big lion was in front of him with him, and (there was) a lion on his right and fighting another on his left. Hercules dealt one of the lions a vengeful blow and cut off one of its legs. The lion roared and fell to and he gave the second the ground and lay wounded from it Herlion a truly cunning, skilful blow and cut its head off. cules was all the time putting forth his strength against the and with big lion, strikmg it with violent, impetuous blows and with eager, valorous thrusts, valiant, mighty hammering and he did not cut or sever one hair of its body during the whole day. When Hercules saw that he could not wound the lion he thought of the iron staff which he had left standing he retreated against the tree we have mentioned, and towards it, striking the lion all the time, and seized the staff
;

24
(lorat buillo

STAIR ERCUIL

BAS.

^ts

milcdh for inchaibh in Icughain de conar fhagaibli aenni don t"igh]ih(/K/// fotta aithgher fhiacal bui ina cinn cin ro thrasgair in cin ininugluidli don nertbeim sin, bru Ocus dorat Ercuil bedhg de for amus in U'oghan do sui bcos. ro iadh a dha doid miledh im ubull braghad in Icoghain traeth in leoghan samlaidh leoghain. gur r^ thacht i guro a anmuin as o nertglac a n-aenfhcclit ro sccinn a dha shuil ro fhennsat Ercuil Filoccs ina docum, cluiradh. Ro in
-I

-\

-]

-;

-]

gairm

-]

4.-0

tanic in fer ro bui isin a chroiccenn don leoghan iarum, chrann cuca ) ro mol an gnim gaiscidh sin. Ocus dorat feisdithad na haidchi sin doibh, i ro fhrithoil co miardh]anila iat Ocus nir tuil Ercuil an (264b) i fastoigh bui a comfnchraibh. Atracht iarum Ercuil ar aidhchi sin la ncim a chrecht.
-]

4-^5

maidin iamamarach
leoghain moir,
]

ro thaiselb

ro innis a tosca
si,

lunuind

"A

Ercuil," ar
-]

"do

do lunaind croicenn in Albert t a thurus di. nertaigis na fainn 1 do

thraethais

na diumsaigh
-j

ro leonuis

na ladrainn

-]

ro coim-

430

ro lacais lucht an anndlighidh." Conid e nertaigiss an coir adlnnoladh lunuinde for Ercuil comruc Ercuil 1 na leoghan
-]

connigi sin.

Bui lunuind iarum ica scrudud ina menmain cinnus no

thraetfadh
si

Ercuil, i isbert
fill

aingidi etroccar co
435

ainm,
neoill

-]

bannrigan na

" ata ri Ercuil," ol si, co finghuil forind Eighipti, Busir a i Ocus ro ceilsit na Libia a mathair.
:

"A

440

ro thraigsit na a mbraonu 1 an taiam a toradh, huscedha i tir Egepta in cein fil na rig. Ro gaidhestair na dee imma foillsiughudh doibh cred in ni ro fhoirfedh iat. Atpertsat na dee dia ndoirtitis fuil duine echtranncineoil a idhbuirt dona deibh co fuigbidis uisci ona deibh. La soduin
-|

-]

n-uasal

didiu ro idhbuir in righ aingidhe mor mac n-ingen, mor n-anradh, mor saer -] ndaer, etar fheidhb bannscail dona hEigeptaib, 1 ni fuaradar uisci beos. Ro bui in ri ac ecnach a fhiledh 1 a fellsuman tre gan uisci d'fagbail amail ro
-]
-]

445

geallsat do.

guidhe

doriisi

na filedha na dee do Doronsat na felmacu ima foillsiughudh doibh cidh no fhoirfedh iat.
-]

450

Ocus is edh atpertsat, dia ndoirtitis fuil deoraidh a n-anair na ndee co fuigbidis a lordaethain don uisci. Cid hi ann immorro acht ni dechaidh aonnech ina ndocum for toisc na for turns nach dingentaidhe d'i[dh]buirt dona deibh, ni
-]

H.2.7, 264a 32

264b

37.

Sommer

pp. 301

4.

LIFE
and gave the

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

25

lion a warrior-like blow in the face with it so that with that strong blow he left none ofthe long, sharp row of teeth which was in its head without being smashed and broken to bits, at the same time knocking the lion down. And Hercules jumped at the lion and closed his two warrior's fists about the ball of the lion's throat so that he choked and exhausted the lion thus, and simultaneously its two eyes started from its head and life left it from the very strong grip of the warrior. Then Hercules called Philoctetes to him and they skinned the lion, and the man who was in the tree came to them and praised that deed of arms. And he fed
for the night and entertained them honourably an empty house which was near by, and Hercules did not sleep that night on account of the smart of his wounds. And Hercules rose the next morning and showed Juno the skin of the big lion and related his adventures and journey " " to her. thou hast Hercules," said she, Juno said strengthened the weak and reduced the proud and cut down robbers, and thou hast strengthened justice and weakened the unjust." And that is the battle between Hercules and

and lodged them

in

the lions and Juno's praise of Hercules thus far.

Afterwards Juno was searching her mind for a means of " Hercules," said she, bringing Hercules low and said " there is a wicked, merciless king, treacherous and murderous, over Egypt, Busiris by name, and the clouds have hidden their rain and the earth its fruit, and the waters have receded in the land of Egypt ever since he became king. They beseeched the gods to reveal to them what would help them. The gods said that if they should shed the blood of a person of foreign race and sacrifice him to the gods they would get water from the gods. Whereupon the wicked king sacrificed many boys and girls, many nobles and warriors, many people both of noble and base descent, widows and
:

the Egyptians, and yet they reviled his poets and sages because water had not been obtained as they had promised him. The scholars and poets again beseeched the gods to

ordinary women from did not obtain water.

among

The king

them what would help them. And they said that they should shed the blood of a foreigner in honour of the gods they would get as much water as they needed. In short no them on business or on one went to a journey who was not sacrificed to the gods, and yet
reveal to
if

26

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.
"

dia tecmadh tuaradar uiscc bcos. Ocus a Ercuil," ar lunainn, duit in ri crodlia anscrg-sidhe do tracthadh do rachadh do du foil iiili domhuii." Ro thinf^hell didiu Ercuil in ni sin.

455

do chroicenn an leoghain moir atdo mair, i ni gabhadh rind na Ocus dorone lunaind fesdithad na haidhchi facbhar trit (e). sin CO miadhamla do tre ceil[g], a ndoigh a mellta docum

Ocus don tine inar

ixTtaniar,
i

cnis

ro Inii aigi in cein

fill

fair.
-]

460

Ocus dorala co dorus na 1 cathrach a mboi in ri angidhc Egeptagdae, 1 dochuaidh innti, ro an Filoses a ndorus na cathrach. Nir cian d'Ercuil ann
-)

(265a) .\tracht Ercuil ar madaiu, ro imthigh for amus na hEghepta.

ro fhagaibh Inis Chr^il,

465

drechta deghdhaine ina farradh nocunnuicc in ri Is amlaidh didiu boi Ercuil in ac toigecht ina comdail. sust foda fomordhac fria gualainn. x^dgladhastar ri Egepta iarna fhaicsin sin, ] ro greis a muindter for amus in righmiledh ro bruchtsat lucht na cathrach na urtimcill .i. Ercuil, fenne firchalma cur catha iarum. Rob imdha lath gaile
sin in tan
-]

-]

-\

-j

-]

CO crodha
4-0

sin (sin).
ait

cathmile a[c] comhdiurucudh Ercuil in inbhaidh Dorat Ercuil bedg de a n-edermedhon na miledh
-]
-] -]

ro buail ro bruidh ro basaidh, ro a facaidh in ri, ro leadair ro Icon ] ro cuarr 1 ro cirrbaigh, ro lace Ocus dorat se bualadh sanntach Ercuil ina timcell iat. tescadh timdibe forra dia dheis cnamcumthach ctira.dh

cerb

-]

-|

-]

-j

-]

475

iarum, gur ro muidh forru do gach leth 1 dia cli, riam docum na tor treaburdaingen 1 na n-iurbhjus ndebtha bui leo. Ro thoguib Ercuil in ri uasa glonn 1 ro thrascuir for
-]

talmain,
480

-\

amus tempuill na ndee he

etar locha
ule de,
1
-]

ro chruadhchuibrigh iarum. Ocus dorat lais for Ro muidh 1 ro idhbuir iarum.

-|

usceda sechnoin na hEgipti linnti, uarana doronsad na neoill tromihlechadh ciach, drucht mara, balchad braonboc, coro fhas luibi 1 torthae in tire de sidhe, ro sasadh a n-ede a n-indile, a mnae a mic. Tangadar
-]
-| -]

II

lucht na cathrach co n-ardlie sidha for

485
-j

doronsat anora

-]

vimla,
i

amus in righmiledh, miadhamla - mormuirnn uime,

-]

ro molsat a

gnima

a echta.

Ocus atpertsat corb

-]

e in ri

in deovadh gubrethach gnimellnidhi sin in t-echtarcineol na (n)dee do idbuirt, dia fuigbidis a comdingna atpertsatt uair ba hechtarcineol doibh e. Ro thairgedar do Ercuil a
;

H.2.7, 264b 37

265a

39.

Sommer

pp. 304

8.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

27

they did not obtain water. And Hercules," said Juno, "if it should fall to thee to overpower that brave, hostile king thy fame would spread throughout the whole world." And Hercules promised that thing, and then made a tunic to be worn next the skin of the hide of the big lion mentioned above and he had it as long as he lived, and neither point nor edge could pierce it. And Juno lodged and fed him in honour that night through treachery, hoping to lure him into
;

a trap. Hercules rose up in the morning and left the Island of and he came to the gate Crete and departed towards Egypt
;

which the wicked Egyptian king was and went while Philoctetes remained at the gate of the city. Before in, Hercules had been long there he saw the king with a group Now Hercules of nobles around him coming to meet him. had the long giant's staff on his shoulder. The king of Egypt shouted when he saw that and urged his men towards the kingly warrior Hercules, and thereupon the men of the city crowded round him. Many were the warriors and valorous fighters and brave battle-heroes and soldiers throwing together
of the city in

at Hercules at that time.

Hercules leaped

among

the soldiers

to where he

saw the king, and Hercules struck and bruised and killed, hewed and bowed down(?) and lacerated, weakened and wounded and mangled them round about him. And he smote them eagerly and hacked the warriors and cut and hewed at them on his right and on his left, in front of him and
till they broke in all directions (and fled) to the sure and strong towers and fighting-stations which they had. Hercules raised the king above his shoiilder(?) and threw

behind him,

to the ground, and then boimd him fast and brought to the temple of the gods and there sacrificed him. And lakes and pools, springs and sources burst forth throughout

him him

Egypt therefrom, and the clouds gave a heavy, wet mist and a dew from the sea, and soft-dropping moisture (?), so that the herbs and fruits of the country grew therefrom, and their flocks and herds and women and children were satisfied. The townspeople came towards the kingly warrior carrytreated him with honour ing a sign of peace, and and submission, respect and great acclaim, and praised that that and they said and exploits his deeds the was deeds foul king of false judgments and and stranger whom the gods had ordered to be foreigner sacrificed, whence they would get relief, for he was of another
;

jS
490
rif^lii

STAIK l-RCriL
1

-]

A BAS.
-|

nir

Ihacm-sam
i

sin.

cacnbcscna d6ib,
(lochdais

ro scris a n-andliglizWA
-|

Cid cd dorone cert dlighid ro 1 a n-ecora,

-\

faccaib lucht an (.Uighidh

an cert do coimed acu, conach

taran caenbescna dorone.

-]

Ro
-]

fas

clii

alludli

Ercuil dc sin,
495

ro badar

500

at pert fer dibli adhmoladh sechnoin in " Mar Uicid in ffnemhain iarna freacar ar thorudh uas chmnnaibh na cruinne, is amlaidli sin docuaid Ercuil for clu t for glics i for caoncomruc os alhidh ardnos, for gaois " Amail teit baladh in talman." Atpert alale iarum fluTuib na mblathann mbaladhmar uas an balsiime an arruimc
:

na lil(265b)edha Ocus domain.

na fcllsamain aca

-]

-]

-]

-j

haladhaibh in bhetlia fhreaccnairc, is amlaidh sidhe ro erigh caoinclii Ercuil uas each etar nert i niamaille, etar cert bescna. Conidh hi gabhail na hEgepta la hErcuil agedh a
-]

-|

righ connicc[i] sin.

505

Tanic Ercuil iar sin isin nGreicc. Ocus boi arole la didiu ac ro smuain Ercuil fiadhach a ndithreabh na Tiabhanach,
-j

an

5IO

inghin ri na Tiabhanach, i Megera ainm na sin Chraidhoin. Ocus ni bi hi comre fria a hindsamail hingme ar deghdeilb. Uair ro bui si seda segaind suilbir soghradach, milla malachdubh mongorniamae, taebthrom tlaithmin taithla sin ar

515

nemach, salchruinn sithamail sengremar, roscgorm righnaigi roalainn. buadhach belcorcra banamail, de[gh]dhelbha dellraighthech donningnech. Roba Ian gach n-alt 1 gach n-aighi do Erc[uil"i do ghradh na hingine macdachta- mongbuidhi nir indis do neoch e. Ocus tanicc on fiadhach for amus sin, na cathrach fuair in n-ingen cona banntracht a n-erb^r uaingech a[c] cluichi 1 ag aines. Ocus tangadar uli a comhdal
-1 -\

in righmiledh,

ro fhailti[gh]sit

fris, 1

ro pocsat co

he, 1 roba
520

dubhach domenmach Ercuil acu

-j -j

iar sin.

miadhamla Ocus ro

fhiarfaighsit fath a bhroin de,

ro diult iat uli fo scelaibh.

523

Tanicc Megera ina dhail 1 dorat poic do, ro fhiarfacht fath a bhroin co hincleith, ro innis uli fis a ruin di. Ocus atpert sisi "A thuir nar traethadh a thrennia fer talman a chur calma uas chi<r[adh]aibh na cruinne, is tusa mo cedghradh-sa mo rogha nuachair. Defir dam-sa, uair ] sere mo chridhe
-]
:

-]

-j

-]

H.2.7, 265a 39

265b

39.

Sommer

pp. 30S

11.

LIFE
race than they.

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

They
it,

29

offered Hercules his kingdom and he but he estabhshed proper law and good customs among them, and stamped out oppression and and left with them those who injustice from among them, would maintain law and order, so that they might not violate the good customs which he had established. Hercules' fame and renown grew on account of that, and the poets and sages extolled him throughout the world and one of them said

did not accept

"

As the vine when cultivated

excels the trees of the imi verse

men of the earth in fame and renowTi and great reputation, in wisdom and skill and " As the perfume of arum and Another said amiability." balsam and of scented blossoms excels the perfumes of this world, so Hercules' fame has excelled (that of) all, both for strength and splendid beauty, both for justice and moral And that is how Hercules took Egypt and uprightness."
in fruit, so has Hercules excelled the
:

killed its king thus far.

After that Hercules came to Greece. And moreover he was hunting one day in the wilds near Thebes, and Hercules thought that day on the daughter of the king of the Thebans and Megara was the name of that daughter of Creon's. And there was not in her time anyone to be compared with her in beauty, for she was slender, graceful(?), affable and lovable fair hair stately, gentle, dark-browed, and with radiant soft and round-heeled, peaceful and shapely pleasing gifted, red-lipped blue-eyed, queenly and very beautiful and womanly fair, resplendent and pink-nailed. Every was full of the love of joint and every member of Hercules and he spoke of it to no one, that ripe, fair-haired maiden and he came to the city from hunting and found the girl with her female attendants in a lonely arbour playing and diverting herself. And they all came to meet the kingly warrior, and welcomed him and embraced him respectfully and Hercules was sorrowful and low-spirited with them then, and they inquired of him the reason of his sorrow, and he refused to tell any of them. Megara came to meet him, and kissed him, and asked him privately the cause of his sorrow, and he revealed to her his whole secret. And she " O hero never overthrown, strong champion of the said, men of the earth, and brave warrior excelling the warriors of the world, thou art my first love and the beloved of my heart and my chosen husband. And that were small wonder,
; ; ; ; ;
;

30

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.
do neoch mbedais

atat ingina righ i toisech in ck)mun Ian dod ghradh Uair da nacli facaidh tu ot urscclaib do clos.

530

ardrighna na cruinne arc] cunnmail a n-oighi i a ngenmnuidechta fa comuir aenfhir isin chr/anne-si (266a) is tusa in in mian menman no in rogha nuachair t-acinfher sin acn ulo." Kobudh luth menman la hErcuil in ni sin, beitli a a.thar .i. Ampitrion, i ro a oide 1 ro imthigh for amus
-] -]

-]

335

crb forru cuinge ingine righ na Tiabanach do seitci do. Doronsat ule samlaidh. Atpert Craidon nach rabe i nar mair don Adiiamcloinn cliamain dob fherr lais aigi nas. Ro cuiredli

immorro lucht furfogartha

ogtighcrna.
filcdh
1

for

amus

righ

-\

rure,

amus

540

tochuiredh docum in tochmairc-sidhe. Ar tinol na slog so co cede cathrach na Tebhe ro earb Craidon forro an ogbuidh ule do fromadh a nc^zVt a luith for aighe dhul fora n-eochaibh Doronsat samlaidh la na n-coch do denum foran faidhchi. atracht Ercuil iarum lason mac Esoin forcongrae in righ, a brathair Pirotes ] Teseus t mic righ na Greige olchena,
Greige,

fellsaman na

dia

-]

-]

-]

-]

-)

545

uli iat

tucsat a n-aghaidh for Ercuil dibhlinuibh. Ocus ro thrasgair cenmotha lason, uair bui caradrad eturra diblinuibh. ro Ro hoirdnedh iarum Ercuil a ngraduibh ridirechta,
-)
-]

ro naidhmedh in inghen meduighed a clii lais na fileduibh, fris didiu. Ocus tangatar sloigh na Lisne ro bui foran fes-]

sidhe,
550

imme.
sloig

ro cuiredh coroin righ doratsat a righi do Ercuil, Atracht Pirodes i ro fhocair dona sloghaib techt a cinn trill for tochmarc mna n-aile do-sum. Ro ghabhsat na
1
-]

cet

ac

Ercuil,

ro

imtighset

na sloigh iarum dia

mordingnuibh budein iar caithedh na fieide bainnsi sin leo. Conidh e macgnimartha Ercuil tochmarc Megera connici
-]

555

sin.

560

Dala Pirotes mic Esoin ingine righ na hispirne, Ypodam a hainm-sidhe, iar tiacht inmadha iarum na hingine ro thinoilOcus sit na sloigh as gach n-aird docum an tochmairc sin. docuaid Ercuil ann a cvuna caich docum na feiside. Atorchair gudha T toirrsi Megera .i. ben Ercuil, ar son Ercuil do dul docum an tochmairc sin, gid edh ro imthigh Ercuil docvun in tochmairc. Ocus fuair lason mac Esoin Teseus i mic righ na roba luth menman leo Ercuil do techt Greige ara cinn ann,
-j

-j

-j

-\

H.2.7, 265b 39

266a

42.

Sommer

pp. 312

6.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

31

and captains of the world who seen thee are full of love for thee from the great have never for if the great queens accounts they have heard of thee of the earth were preserving their virginity and chastity for any one man in the world, thou art that man and the chosen
for daughters of the kings
;

husband and heart's desire which they would all have." Hercules was overjoyed at that, and went to his fosterfather and his father, that is, Amphitryon, and enjoined on them to seek for him the daughter of the king of the Thebans to wife. They both did as he asked. Creon said that there did not exist and did not live a son-in-law of Adam's race whom he would were sent to the kings and prefer to him. Moreover, heralds soldiers and nobles, poets and sages of Greece, to chiefs, When those armies had come invite them to that marriage. that all the together to the arena of Thebes Creon ordered of youths should mount their horses and engage in a test their strength and vigour in horsemanship in the open space. They did accordingly at the command of the king, and then Hercules rose up, together with Jason, son of Aeson, and his brother Pirithous and Theseus and the rest of the princes of Greece. And they all(?) opposed Hercules and he threw them all except Jason, for there was a bond of friendship between the two of them. Then Hercules was initiated to the ranks of knighthood, and his fame was enhanced by the him and the poets, and moreover the girl was married to armies of Lycia, which were at that banquet, came and made Hercules their king, and a king's crown was placed upon his Pirithous rose up and announced to the hosts that head. were to come after a time to his own wedding with they another woman. The armies took leave of Hercules, and departed then to their great strongholds after they had
;

partaken of that wedding-feast. And those are the youthful deeds of Hercules and the wooing of Megara thus far.

of

Aeson and the daughter of the king for the Hesperia, Hippodamia by name, when the day from nuptials of the girl arrived the hosts came together And Hercules went there every direction to that marriage. to the feast like everyone else. Megara became sorrowful and wretched because Hercules was going to that wedding, but nevertheless Hercules went to the wedding, and found Greece Jason son of Aeson and Theseus and the princes of there before him, and they were overjoyed that Hercules

As

for Pirithous son of

jcuca.
565

STAIR ERCUIL
Ro
-]

A BAS.

gaiscid,

iar lasou ar Ercuil a oirncmli. a ngradhaibh in nar niiadh lais nech (266b) aile dia oirdncdh cen-

Dorone Ercuil righmila/// fcr talman .i. Ercuil. - ro adlunol co hadhbul in ti lason, -j docuadar saiulaidh,
inotha
isin

cathraigh iarum.

Ocus ro naidmcdh didiu Pirotcs

570

Ipodam ingon ri na hispirne. Do suidhighedh na sloigh iarum, Ocus ro bui 1 ro cuircdh an oigrighan a n-inadh rigna acu. didiu ced fomoir fircalma d'feruib ferrda foirtilli fcdhmlaidiri,
-]

roba dorrdha danarrdha dasachtach na

fir

corpremhra
-]

Ocus ro cliabhlethna crutghranna cruadiicomlannacha sin. o ro dailedh o biiidh suidhighcd co gar don righain iat,
]

575

5S0

585

Ocus roba subaigh somescai[gh]thi na Dala na for ferrda don cinedh fhodhmhordha sioig iar sin. atpertamar, ro lin mesca 1 miciall 1 moraiccnedh iat o med niinca ro doirtsit na finta forra. Atractsat a n-aenfecht 1 ro glacsat a n-arma ingnathacha allmarrdha athghera, ro thogadar in righan leo co hamdheonach tar dorusbel na Ocus atpertadar immorro nabudh agar cathrach amach. Atracht Ercuil leo na Gregu uli cenmotha Ercuil aonar. lason 1 Pirotcs i Tcseus 1 na Gregaigh uli olchena 1 Ercuil rempu amail sigi gaithi uas maghsliabh, is amlaidh ro bui 1 fidbac Ocus dorad urchar d'fodhmoir saigedbolcc aigi. ro buail a tul a eduin don tsoighit e cor chruaidhdibh chengail ciil a cinn do chrann bui fora incuibh. Grineus ainm in fhir sin. Ocus dorat urchar athlam urmaisnech do neoch
linn iat dibhlinuibh.
-] -j -j -] -]

"I

ele
590

595

600

dibh cor cuir tre ucht trenfir ele dibh, coro ort de. Petrus aainm-sidhe. Ro dail iarum a soigidbolc forra con nd[t]orcair fer ferrda fodhmordha do gach urchar da tug, uair ni tug urchar n-imroill riam, 1 nir gabh cruaidh na comna na sciath na ededh fri harm diar diuraic riam. In tan immorro atTcJonncatar na fogmoraigh iar caithem a shoighet e doronsat damdabhach dibh ina timcill ar aenslighi. Ro togaibh dibh biail belfota brathbemennach tromianiaidhi foghmoir trenfhaebhrach ina dia[n]doid miledh, ni rabhe (267a) do clannuibh Seth na lathfe nech ro tocebhadh do Iar i rena tromaidhble cenmotha Ercuil. Ocus dorat builli for amus in rigmiledh, i dorone Ercuil a errsclaighi co luthmar langlicc
-]

don [n]ertbeim-sidhe,

-|

dorala an biail

talmain co mbui a

H.2.7, 266a 42

267a

6.

Sommer

pp. 316-

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

Jason asked Hercules to
initiate

33

had come to them.

him

to the ranks of knighthood, since he did not see fit to be knighted by any other than the royal warrior of the men of

Hercules did accordingly, and and they then went into the praised Jason very greatly, And then Pirithous and Hippodamia daughter of the city. king of Hesperia were married. The hosts were seated then, and the young queen was placed in a position befitting a Now there was a band of valorous queen among them. centaurs, manly, strong men mighty in ability and grim, brutal and fierce were those stout, broad-chested, ugly-visaged, and they were seated close to the queen, hard-fighting men and all were served with food and drink, so that the hosts became merry and intoxicated. As for the doughty men of the race of centaurs whom we have mentioned they became filled with drunkenness and wildness and high spirits from the lavishness and frequency with which the wines were poured out for them. They rose up together and seized their wonderful, strange, keen weapons, and took away the queen with them and they said that by force out through the gate of the city they feared none of the Greeks except Hercules alone. Hercules and Jason and Pirithous and Theseus and the rest of the Greeks rose up, with Hercules at their head like a hurricane over an open moor, and he had a bow and quiver, and he shot at one of the centaurs and struck him in the forehead with the arrow so that he fixed him firmly by the back of his head to a tree which was near him. Grineus was the name of that man. And he sent a quick,
the earth, that
is,

Hercules.

well-aimed shot so that he put it through the breast of another them so that he died thereof. Petreus was his name. Then he scattered his quiver-full among them so that a doughty man of the centaur race fell at every shot he gave, for he never gave a misdirected shot, and no steel nor protection nor shield nor armour ever withstood any weapon which he threw. However when the centaurs saw that he had shot (all) his arrows they made a shield-circle round him One of the centaurs raised a long-bladed, deathtogether.
of

dealing, strong-edged axe of heavy iron in his swift warriors' fist, and there was no one of the descendants of Seth or
its

from the ground on account of and he aimed a blow Hercules except at the kingly warrior, and Hercules warded off that mighty blow vigorously and cleverly, and the axe went into the earth
raise
it

Japheth who could

weight and
size

34
Icaniuin aim.
1

STAIR F,RCUIL

A BAS.
-\

"OS

610

615

6^0

ro glac in biail, Doratl tlidiu Ercuil brdg dc aimdeoin as trcndoidibh in foglimora hi, i ro huail huilli milodli air foin di gur ben a lamh des aga slinnen Cidh fil ann didiu acht ro ghabh de, con torchair samlaidh. Krcuil sraidlilc/m saiintach srengfhoghalta forro con d[t]orcair Cilar/^s Pisimn i Lotium sesir cUbh samlaidh .i. Piotancs Celarws cetera. Is ann sin tanicc lason i Teseus do fhurtacht Ercuil, 1 in tan rocunnaic Ercuil iat ina docum ro luathaigcdh a lamlia lais ac traethadh 1 ac timdibe na foghmorach ac malairt 1 ic mughudh na miledh lena mbiail budhein. Tuccadar immorro na lir iherrdha. fhoghmordha trist miscaid don ti ro imcuir in mbiail mbellethain-sidhe riam dia Ro bris dibh didiu a cnamcumcach. tanicc a cirrbadh sruthmaidhm sretluaimnech dochum srotha ro bui ara dochuadar da iher deg taran sruth dib, n-incaibh, atorchradar uli la liErcuil archena cenmotha Lingcus, trenmile dorat snamugh a anma do. dochoidh for faesam Ercuil Ro impaidh Ercuil lason na maithi olcena 1 in rigan' leo cm fuiliughudh cin fordergadb for nech dibh for cula dochum na cathrach, 1 robo mor medhair menma luchta na cathrach Ocus ro suidhighedh na sloigh doriisi, 1 ro badar de sidhe. CO cenn ocht la ica fledhugudh cin nach n-uiressbhaidh dia
ro hen
cli[a]
-]

-]

"1

-j

-]

-|

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

n-ilmianaib etar
625

nua

fin

-|

sen corma

-]

midh

cuill
-j

Conidh e tochmarc ingine righ na hispime

lasoin connicci sin.

olchcna. Pirodes mic

630

635

640

Bui iiTunorro arale tir isin domhun in inbhaidh-sidhe, Molos Ocus ro bui didiu ri angidhe etrocur ac (267b) a hainm. adhmilledh na cruinne co coitcenn forsin t(h)ir sin .i. Pluton. Ifem didiu a ainm a cathrach rob e fochuin in anma sin uair nir eirigh grian osa cinn riam. Ocus ro bui ceide cumhung a ndorus in dunaidh daingin duaibsigh sin. Ro bui immorro .u.ced deg ceim cruaidhdaingen cloichi ar airdi isin aill ro bui ina thimcill sin, 1 enpurt lanbeg luingi a n-ucht cairrg(h)i aenconuir cumang ceimdirech as sin gairrbi grainemla, co hardmullach in tsleibhi iarna denum le piccoidib cf) hinn Ic clodhuibh cadadrighne cruadhach. Ocus primdaingni ro bui fodmoir foirtill fedhmlaidir firarrachta a[c] coimed na conuire sin do shir, Ceribrus a ainm-sidhe. Ocus nirba doich d'fheruib in betha in t-oilen sin do ghabhail cin co
;

-|

-]

-]

-|

-j

H.2.7, 267a 6

267b

15.

Sommer

pp. 318

20,

327, 329

30

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

35

and stuck there. Then Hercules gave a leap and seized the axe and pulled it by force from the strong hands of the centaur and struck the centaur himself a warrior's blow with it, and cut off his right arm at the shoulder so that he fell thus. Then indeed Hercules gave an eager, muscle-wrenching, swift jump at them so that six of them fell thus, namely
PhaJocomes, and Cyllarus, and Pisenor, and Lotium, and Cyllarus, etc. Then Jason and Theseus came to help Hercules, and when Hercules saw them (coming) towards him he

quickened his blows, overpowering and hacking the centaurs and destroying and slaying the warriors with their own axe. Moreover, the doughty centaur-men cursed and abused him who had borne that long-bladed axe before, from which had come their hacking and hewing. Then they broke in torrent-like, whirling flight towards a river which was in front of them, and twelve of them went across the river, and they all fell by Hercules except Lycus, a warrior who threw himself on the mercy of Hercules, who spared him his life. Hercules and Jason and the rest of the nobles, not one of them bleeding or wounded, turned back towards the city with the queen, and great were the joy and exultation
of the

townspeople at that.

And

and they were feasted

for eight

the hosts were seated again, days with no lack of any-

thing they might desire, whether it was new wine or old ale or hazel-mead. So that that is the marriage of the daughter of the king of Hesperia and Pirithous son of Aeson thus far.

called Molossia,

was a certain country in the world at that time and moreover there was a wicked, merciless king, who was afflicting the whole earth, ruling over that country, namely Pluto. Infemus moreover was the name of his city, and the reason for that name was that the sun had never risen above it. And there was a narrow meeting-place
there
in front

Now

Moreover there strong, gloomy fortress. hundred impregnable stone steps to the top of the cliff that was about that (meeting-place), and one very small harbour for ships in the face of a rough, ugly rock, and a single, narrow, straight-stepped path from there to the summit and high top of the mountain, made with very strong picks and tough, steel spikes. And there was a strong,
of that

were

fifteen

very capable, very terrible giant for ever guarding that path, Cerberus by name, and it were not likely that (all) the men of the world (together) would take that island,

36

STAIR liRCUIL

A BAS.

boith aca iincoimcd aclil in foghmoir sin ina aenar. Is amlaidh ro bui ri in tiri sin .i. Phil on, -] ro bui coir ] conach fcr talman
ina ainisir aigi dia n-ainidhcoin,
in
-]

nirba tualaing

fir

in

betha

645

do ghabhail fair rena daingni. Docuaiilh iarum Pluton co ndrechtaibh dcrmala 1 co nibuidhnibli nicrcalma uime ar crcich loingsi a crichuibh na fuair se aonach adbhulmor ara cinn isin tir sin. Sisailc,
t-oilon sin
-]

Is e fa righ isin tSisaile in

-j

n-inbhaidh sin Orfius a ainm,

-]

650

Sira ainm a mathav. Dochuaidh Proserpini ainm a mna, immorro co hincleith i drong dia muindtir mar aon ris, i a n-ededh umpa don taebh astigh dia n-edach, 1 docuadar a Is ann sin dochunnaicc cuma caich a tempull na ndee.

^55

righan rathmur rouasal .i. Proserpini, ben righ ro fuadaigh les hi as lar in aenaigh, dochuaidh ina luing co lanurrlum, i docuaidh co hlfern asa haithh. larna clos sin do ri na Sisaile a ben do bhreith uadha ro bui

Pluton

in

na

Sisaile,

-j

-]

CO

domenmach

dia heis.

Is

amlaidh ro bui
-]

in ri sin

-]

roba

660

do chuir a chruit ina ceolbinn carthanach e, Nir an nir cumdach, i docuaidh ina luing co lanurrlum. fhosaidh no co ranic co cuan Molos, i ro ghabh ac sepnadh
cruiliri
-]
-\

665

670

cuan sin (sin). lar clos immorro in ciuil sin don fodhmoir (268a) .i. Ceribrus, ro fhech seocha i dochunnaicc in t-aonfher de[gh]dealbha cairci ceoilbind ciuil aga semm aigi. Ocus diairm, roba binn le Ceril^rus in ceol sin, i is edh adubhairt " dein in ceol sin do." Tarra lium a comdhail Plutoin Dochuadar iarum a cenn Plutoin 1 do sheinn ri na Sisaile in ceol cedna don ri .i. do Pluton, roba bind la Pluton in ceol sin. Proserpini immorro iar faicsin a ferceile ro lin Ocus adubhairt Pluton "Is binn linne gudha I dobron hi. " ni binn lesin righain he. in ceol sin," ar se, Ocus da seinntea adhbunn do coiscfedh dia geran hi dobheruind do
ac sirseinm

chruiti

isin

-]

-]

-]

bhreith fein duit."

675

Atpert Orfius co seinnfedh.

cruit,
-\ -]

Ro

cuir

immorro Orfius athrughudh ghlesa foran

cairci ceolbind

ro seinn

carthanach,

ro claen a rose

fora righain.
:

Ocus ba subhach
"
Is lem-sa

mo
"
1

suilbir in righan de sidhe. Atpert Orfius " breath fein budesta," ar se. Is let co derb,"
i

ar Pluton.

Mas edh,"

ben-sa,

is

ar se, "is cuingim foruib-si."

sin for

"

do ghualuind

mo

Is docuir lium-sa," ar

H.2.7, 267b 15

268a

21.

Sommer

pp. 320

5.

LIFE
And

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

it

37

even though there were no one guarding

alone.
in

but that giant

country his time without their consent, and the latter were not capable of taking that island of his by force on account of
strength.

state of Pluto, the king of that he held the dues and riches of the men of the world
this

was the

its

Then Pluto went on a plundering voyage into the land of Sicily, surrounded by huge bands and swift, brave companies, and found a great festival going on in that country. The king of Sicily at that time was Orpheus by name, and Proserpine was the name of his wife and Ceres the name of her mother. Then he {i.e., Pluto) set out secretly, with a party of his men, wearing their armour underneath their clothes and they went with everyone else into the temple of the gods. Then Pluto saw the gracious, noble queen, wife of the king of Sicily, and carried her off with Proserpine him from the midst of the assembly. And he boarded his ship with all speed, and then made his way to Infernus. When the king of Sicily heard that his wife had been taken from him he was sorrowful at her loss. Now that king was a melodious, tender harper, so he put his harp in its case and boarded his ship full quickly, and made neither stop nor stay till he came to the harbour of Molossia, and began to play and continually sound his harp in that harbour. When the giant Cerberus heard that music he looked round and saw a handsome man, alone and unarmed, playing a melodious strain of music, and that music was sweet to Cerberus, and " he said Come with me to Pluto and play that music to him." Then they went to Pluto, and the king of Sicily played the same melody to the king, Pluto, and that music was pleasing to Pluto. Proserpine, however, when she saw her And Pluto husband, was filled with sorrow and sadness.
;
:

but not to That music is sweet to me," he said, the queen, and if thou wert to play a strain which would make her cease from her lamentation I would give thee whatever thou shouldst ask." Orpheus said that he would. Then Orpheus altered the tuning of his harp, and played a melodious, tender strain of music, and bent his gaze on his (the ?) queen, so that the queen became merry and cheerful. " Now I have a right to whatever I desire," Orpheus said " " he said. Thou hast indeed," said Pluto. Well," said he,
said
: :

"

"

"

that

women

beside thee
"

is

my

ask of thee

{lit.

you)."

am

wife, and it is she that I loth (to part with her)," said

38
"
680 riiitDii.
1

STAIR ERCUIL
cimnrudh

-]

A BAS.
domo gelladh, a brcith co hurrlum
-]

gid edh ni dingon brcg ar

d'airighti
ri
.i.

gobhair-si hi ar
let,
-\

dia focliair ar

ben uait asa haithlr." Dala doruc a bhcn lais. iar sin,
-]

685

conuire gur

sill

for

ro ben an ben de, -j Sisaile tainicc tar ais

no co fagair in t-oilen so do na Sisaile immorro ro imthigh Ocus nir cian do ac ascnam na docunnaic Pluton sin ais arin righain, do chuir e fein don oilen. Imthus righ na
li'ois iiirrc
-]
-\

sa

Sisaile

gan mnai gan banceile.

Conidh

cuairt

ri

na

Sisaile a n-ltcrrn connici sin.

690

Sir immorro .i. mathair mna righ na Sisaile, tanic roimpi san nGreicc do cosaid a hingine do bhreith uaithi do Pluton, ardmaithi na Greigi a[c] caithemh na dofuair si uaisli fleidlii bainnsi dorindcdli d'ingin ri na hispirni 1 do Pirodes mac Esoin .i. ri na Tesailli. Ocus tarrla Pirotes i Teseus uirrthe Adubhairt in fochtuid scela di. ar ceide na cathrach,
-]

-]

-]

695

f(h)aguind (268b) uaisli na Greigi uli do lathuir rigain Adtibhradar in da milidh ro indeosainn mo scela doibh." " " dodenum Indis scela duinne," ar siat, merchalma sin -] " Ata do les in each conuir a mbeir." Atpert in rigan "
:
:

"Da

m'ingen," ar
700

705

710

715

ben righ na Sisuile, ag Pluton ri [I]firn ama breith leis ar eigin. Ocus is nar dib-si maithi na Greige mina tucthai m'ingean cugum o Pluton meblach mithaeni full a coir ar munnach. Uair ata coir fer talman air aennech acu." Adubhradar in da ardthaeisech sin .i. Pirotes Ocus .docuadar ] Teseus, co racdis fein da tabhach ar Pluton. sa cathraigh iarimi 1 ro innsidur na scela sin dona Gregachaib, 1 a.dubhradar co rachdis do thabhach mna 11 na Sisaile. Atpert Ercuil co rachadh fein leo. Ocus a.dtibhradar-sa.n nach nar beg leo iat na ndis do comlunn re haenduine rachadh, isin cruinde. Ocus ro imgetar rompa iarum. Is ann sin adubhairt Ercuil re Filoces Lingcus .i. in fogmoir bui ina cime lais, do bhreith da choimed don Teib 1 a chur isin carcair coimeda ina roibe Prim mac 'Laimedon a ngialla lais. docuaidh Dala Filoces iarum doruc se Lingcus leis, ar muir, nir cian do in tan docunnuicc in cablach moradhbul ina dochum. Ocus ro bui fodhmoir fichmar fomiata a tus in
si,
.i.
-]
-j

-]

-|

H.2.7, 268a 21

268b

27.

Sommer

pp. 325-

9,

337

8.

LIFE
"

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

39

but I will not break my promise, and thou shalt Pluto, have her on one condition, namely, that thou take her away quickly, and if thou look behind thee on her before thou leave the island thy wife (will be taken) from thee then." As for the king of Sicily, moreover, he departed after that, taking his wife with him, and before he was long travelling the road he looked behind him at the queen, and Pluto saw that and took the woman from him and sent (the king) himself from the island. As for the king of Sicily he returned to Sicily without wife or spouse. So that that is the visit of the king of Sicily to Ifemus thus far.

from and found the nobles and great lords of Greece enjoying the wedding-feast that had been prepared for the daughter of the king of Hesperia and for Pirithous son of Aeson, king of Thessaly and Pirithous and Theseus came on her in the assembly-place of the city and asked her what was her The queen said " Had I all the nobles of Greece business. Those two together here I would tell them my business."
her,
; :

Then Ceres, mother of the wife of the king of Sicily, to Greece to complain of Pluto's taking her daughter

came

swift,

brave
"
said,

warriors

said

"

Tell

us

thy

business,"

they

in all " the wife of the king of Sicily, she,

:

and we will do what is advantageous for thee " thy ways." The queen said My daughter," said

is with Pluto king of been carried off by him by force, and shame Infernus, having on you nobles of Greece if you do not bring me back my daughter from treacherous, evil-doing Pluto, for he has wronged all the men of the earth, and not one of them has Those two great chiefs, Pirithous and wronged him." Theseus, said that they would go themselves to obtain her from Pluto. And they went into the city then and related

those tidings to the Greeks, and said that they would go to recover the king of Sicily's wife. Hercules said that he would go with them himself. And they said that he would
for not, they considered the two to fight with any one man in the world of
;

them

sufficient

and

so they set out.

Then Hercules ordered Philoctetes to bring Lycus, the centaur who was his captive, to Thebes to be guarded there, and to put him in the prison where he held Priam son of Laomedon hostage. Then Philoctetes took Lycus and put out to sea and before long he saw a huge fleet (coming) towards him. And there was a fierce, valorous giant in the
;

40

STAIR KRCUIL

A BAS.

Ocus do fhiarfaigh se cablaigh, Aiulnimadas a ainni-sicUic. " sccla do Lingciis iarna aithne do. Atpert Lingcus Ataim
:

am
r-'o

chime chrapaillti ac

lilrcuil

iar

marbhadh mo thigherna

7-5

730

735

do, ) atalhar com bn'ilh don Teibh dom Ocus Andnmaudas immorro iar clos na seel sin tlo do ghabh se in long i Filoces, i do sgair a glais ] a gebenna " do Lingcus. Ocus atpert Lingcus A airdrigh," ar se, " cuir fcsta do gabhail na Teibhe, i dicenntar Craidon ri na Tiabhanach lat, beir ben Ercuil a ngialla lat, i gabh lanrighi na Tiabhanach." Ro imthigh Andrumudas iarum do se miH fodhmoir mar aen ris, i do gabhail na Teibhe cuan a crichaibh na Tiabhanach. Do airgedur ghabhsat (269a) 1 do innrudar in tir sin co leir. Iar clos na seel sin do Chraidhon .i. ri na Tiabhanach, do chuir se techta ar cenn tanicc se cuigi cona morteghlach, Ampitrion, tugadar [oath ?] da ceile Andrumudas. Ocus tarrla Lingcus Craidhon da ceile isin cath. Ocus doronsad comrucc frithir, fergach, fomiata reroile, do buail Lingcus tri beimenna brighmara bais ar ri na Tiabhanach con torchair marbh gan anmain. Uair ro gherr a chathbarra caem clochbuadhach cumdaigh don cedbuilli, do thrascair e don dara beim, do ben a cenn de don treas beim. Ro brisedh iarum ama Tiabhanc)na mviindtir

coimed."

-]

-]

-]

-]

-j

-]

-]

-\

-|

achaibh iar marbhadh a righ,

740

-|

ro theithsit isin cathraigh

-]

"5

^5

Ampitrion mar aen riu iarna chrech[t]nughudh co mor isin cath. Ocus len Andrumudas cona fhodhmoraibh iat innus CO ndechudar a n-enfecht na Tiabhanaigh isin. Teibh, ro ghabhsat in cathraigh, do marbudar a sloigh uili. An uair docunnuicc Megera .i. ben Ercuil, a hathair iar toitim " ro gabh eneirte hi, 1 adubhairt Ni heidir dul sech an " is truag duind gan Ercuil acar n-imdidin cinneadh," ar si, budesta." Ocus ro gabhadh Megera Ampitrion le hAndrumdorindi se ri ar cathraigh na Teibhe do Lingcus. Ocus adas, ro fhagaibh se ceithri ced fodhmoir fare Lingcus a[c] coimed na cathrach sin. Ocus do leicc se Prim mac Laimedon ro bui a ndaeirsi ac Ercuil amach. Conidh e gabhail na Teibhe ] marbhadh righ na Tiabhanach connicci sin.
-]

-j

-]

-]

-]

-|

Dala Ercuil iar n-imtecht don da taisechaibh Gregacha uadha ro gluais roime ina ndiaigh co cuan Molos. Ocus is
755

amlaidh fuair se Pirodes mac Esoi[n] iar toitim la Cerebrus, Teseus a ndeiredh a neirt aga imdidin ar scath a sceith, se ar merughudh ar treicin a fhola. Atpert Ercuil do guth
-] -]

ard arachta,

"

Is tr uagh duit," ar se

"

beith ag forrach

-]

H.2.7, 268b

27 269a

40.

Sommer

pp. 338

43, 333.

LIFE
van
of the fleet,

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

Andromadas by name
;

41

and he asked Lycus " Hercules Lycus said holds me fettered and captive, after killing my lord and his men, and I am now being brought to Thebes to be And when Andromadas heard those tidings he guarded." seized the ship and Philoctetes, and loosed Lycus' fetters " O great king," he said, " go and bonds, and Lycus said now and capture Thebes and behead Creon king of the Thebans, and take away Hercules' wife as hostage, and assume Andromadas departed full sovereignty over the Thebans." then to take Thebes with six thousand giants, and they entered harbour in the land of the Thebans. They plundered and of the Thebans pillaged all that country. When Creon king heard of these things he sent messengers to Amphitryon, and he came to him with his great host, and they and Andromadas And Lycus and Creon came gave battle to each other. together in the battle, and they fought a keen, angry, fierce contest with each other, and Lycus dealt the king of the Thebans three strong, mortal blows, so that he fell dead and For with the first blow he cut open his fair, gemlifeless. studded, protecting helmet, with the second he knocked him down, and with the third he cut off his head. Then the Thebans were defeated, their king having been slain, and they fled into the city, together with Amphitryon, who had
for tidings,

having recognized him.

And Andromadas been severely wounded in the battle. followed them with his giants, so that they and the Thebans and they took the city entered Thebes at the same time
;

and slew
"
said,
is

all its hosts.

When

that her father had fallen,

Megara, Hercules' wife, saw she was seized with faintness, and
"
she,

There

is

no avoiding destiny," said

and piteous

And our plight without Hercules protecting us now." Andromadas took Megara and Amphitryon captive, and he made Lycus king of the city of Thebes, and he left four hundred giants with Lycus guarding that city, and he released Priam son of Laomedon, whom Hercules had been holding So that that is the taking of Thebes and the death
prisoner. of the king of the

Thebans thus

far.

As for Hercules, when the two Grecian leaders had departed, he went on after them to the harbour of Molossia, and found Pirithous fallen at the hand of Cerberus, and Theseus, at the end of his strength, defending himself from behind his shield, from loss of blood. Hercules said in a loud, bold voice,
reeling

42

STAIR ERCUIL

-\

A BAS.
-]

760

7^5

770

775

dcna ap feoUghcrradh in (269b) ridiri ata marbh chena, Docuaidh immorro Ercuil iar sin doigh dim-sa budesta." do loim luthmar lanedrum a tir d'aimdheoin Ccribruis, do comhruicc ris asa haitlili. Ociis rob e sin comrucc fa calma Ocus is amlaidh ro ro tluiraill Ercuil riain gusan uair sin. dath dubh duaibsech bill Ceribrus .i. fodhmoir romor, fair, 1 cluasa faidi firlethna fair a cosmailius cluas gadhair, Ocus do rachadh dorn miledh 1 sron fhada cuaschrom fair. in gach poll da shroin, 1 suili lethna lanmora a cosmailius sula daimh ina cinn, giall fada firlebhar fodclumhach lais, ulcha garb ghrainemail co himlinn fair lamha laechdha lanchalma lais cruib garba glacremra 1 ingne fiara fethanta firleabra forra. Ocus medhon calma cliabhfairsing coimnertmar curata, 1 cosa calma cnamremra cruadhnertmara, Ocus is amlaidh troighteach lethan lidarrdha lanchama fae. ro bui in cathair sin dia ngartai Ifemn a nglinn domuin d\ia.ihsech a senntrom na (na) talman .i. u.ced deg ceim curadh ar doimni. Ocus nir eirigh grian co glanruithnech o tus in domhain os cinn in tsleibhi sin ara airdi. Ocus ro badar ailltecha leathna landirga osa cinn na cathrach sin ar gach
-]
-j

-]

-]

-j

-\

780

785

taeb, I srotha segmara silltecha .sruthluaimnecha ac siledh as Ocus ceo gach aird don ailltech sin a cenn na cathrach. dorcha doinnennta ac turnadh co tromfliuch fon cathraigh a coitcinne. Ocus da mbeith gair catha co moir isin cathraigh sin ni cluinfedh in drong do heith don taebh araill don Ocus damadh amuigh do heith .in gair ni cathraigh e. cluinfidi astigh hi la siansan serbglorach sruthluaimnech na sruthann ac siledh co seitreach a su[gh]muirib na cathrach. Conidh i tuarascbail Ifirnn .i. cathrach Plutoin sin.
(270a) Dala immorro Ercuil cahna cruaidhnertmar curata,

-]

Seribrus doronsat

comhlunn

790

cuindscleo cedfadhach catha, Ocus a forcenn T gleo guasachtach greannmar grainemhail. in comruic sin tuc Ercuil beim bithnertmar builli buandithach bratha do Ser(i)brus innus gur theilg in lann co
-\ -]

lanurrlum asa laim.

ro luidh fora

Ocus do thrasccair he don dara beim,

iar

-j

muin

sin

ro chengail co firchalma in

795

fodhmoir. Rob a cunnmail gan

seitci Pirotes
-]

ail leis

marbhadh no

a dhicennad, i adubhairt Teseus ris co mbeirdis beo leo he docum

mic Esoin dia pianadh. Ocus doronsad amlaidh, do dorugsat leo cengailti co firmuUach in tsleibhi e,
-]

H.2.7, 269a 40

270a

14.

Sommer

pp. 330

^i,

333

5.

LIFE
"

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

is

43

"to be attacking and hewing already dead, and from now on you must reckon with me." Then indeed Hercules jumped vigorously and lightly ashore despite Cerberus, and fought with him after that, and that was the bravest contest which had ever fallen to Hercules' lot till that moment. And this is the desPity
it

is

for thee," he said,

at a knight

who

(he was) a very great giant, dark and cription of Cerberus in colour, with long, very broad ears like the ears of gloomy a dog, and a long nose with twisted nostrils. And a warrior's

would go into each of his nostrils. And (he had) broad, huge eyes like the eyes of an ox in his head, and a long, far-protruding, long-whiskered jaw, and a rough, ugly beard down to his navel, and warrior-like, valorous arms, and rough, thick-palmed hands, and twisted, hairy (?), very and a valiant, broad-chested, firm, long claws on them warrior-like waist, and brave, thick-boned, hard, strong under him. legs, and broad, dragging (?), very crooked feet And that city called Infernus was in a deep, gloomy valley in the centre of the earth, fifteen hundred warrior's paces in depth, and the sun had never risen clear and shining from the beginning of the world over that mountain on account of its height. And there were broad, very steep cliffs over that city on every side, and there were swift (?), dripping, gushing streams flowing from every point in those cliffs to the city and a dark, rainy mist settling heavy and wet And if there were a great clamour over the whole city. of battle in that city those who were on the outer side of the it city would not hear it. And if the clamour were outside would not be heard inside, with the harsh, reverberating sound
fist
; ;

of the streams flowing mightily into the vents of the city. So that that is the description of Infernus, the city of Pluto.

Hercules and Cerberus, then, waged a brave, hard, powerful, warrior-like battle, and shrewd battle-onset, and dangerous, Hercules fierce, ugly conflict, and at the end of that fight

mighty blow, an ever-destructive, deathknocked the blade suddenly out of his hand. And he knocked him down with the second blow, and lying on top of the giant bound him very valiantly. He wished to behead him, but Theseus told him him that they might to keep him without killing
dealt Cerberus a

dealing stroke, so that he

bring

him

alive to the wife of Pirithous, son of Aeson, to be

tortured.

And

bound to they did thus, and brought him

44
chuirsit a ghin

STAIR ERCUIL

-]

A BAS.

8o

S05

gnusgorm grcaiinach grainemail fac. Ocus do Dal a li^rcuil iar sin docuaidh Tcseus aga imcoimcd. fagad nir turn don tuinnn sc astcgh CO hincleith isin cathraigh, sin no co rainic in dinn deghdaingin ina roibhi Plut(jn. " A Plutoin," ar se, " is rofada ataei ag Atpert Ercuil incirudli i ag argain na cricli n-cclitrann a[c] tabhairt a a n-argaid, a mban i a macam lett gan chert gan n-oir do dasacht budesta." coiscfcd-sa do diiimus dlighcdh, ro thogaib in libhcr lancalma luirgi Is amlaidh adubhairt ro bui aigi, 1 ro buail builli bithnertmar bais for Pluton di innus co nderna ceirin comhruidhti do churp in curadh
-]
:

-]

-]

"1

-]

-\

-|

do chre na cruadhtalman trenaroile.

sio

greannmar guasbertach 1 na teghlach tegmalach tromnertmar poinnighi primarrachta Ocus ro fheradur comhlunn Plutoin a comhdail Ercuil. ferrdha feramail firarrachta reroile innus nar fhagaibh Ercuil eladhach betha beo dib acht Proserpini aonar.
in gasraidh
1

sin ro ergedar milidh mera miceillidi

Is

ann

815

Ro ghabh uaman imarcrach

faiccsin Plutoin

Erc[uil]

risin

egla adhbul Proserpini ar cona teghlach marb ina timcell. Adubhairt righain beith neimeglach, i corub ara cenn
-j

820

Ocus a ferceile budein. fon cathraigh in rigan. Ocus hi, ] ghabh sartinol na cathrach (270b) ule ar Ercuil dorugadar sloigh in tan sin. Ocus ni roibi acht aondorus daingin dobhrisdi foran cathraigh, 1 docuadar na sloigh uile roime aran aonilimud dorus sin, 1 do leigedar cetha srubhgera soiget
tanicc dia breith sa Sisaile ar laim ro

docum
leis

doruc

-|

-j

825

830

835

cecha hairm ar aonslighi d'innsaighi Ercuil. Do chuir immorro Ercuil Proserpini do lethtaebh na conuire ar uaman a himgona dona harmaibh. Dorug iarum Ercuil sidhi sanntach samertmur fa sloghaib Ifimn, ro torchair .x. ced co deghtapaidh dona drongbuidhnib sin leis. Ocus nirb e sin amain a ndith, uair ro bris se muinil na miledh i lairgi na laechraidhi, cinn na cathmiledh, 1 ro bhris orra asa cuirp na curadh haithli iar cur a n-air 1 n-esbadha. Ro airg ro innraidh iar sin tor Ceribruis, 1 dorucc les a uili malthas. Ocus dofuair slabra laechda landaingin iarnaidhi isin tor sin, do chuir for Ceribhrus e. Ocus docuadar ina luing iarum, ro ghabhsat cuan isin Tessaille mar a roibe ben Firotes, tugadar in fodhmoir fora cumus. Doronadh gubha 1 toirrsi basguire
-]
-^

-]

-|

-]

-]

-]

-j

H.2.7, 270a 14

270b

19.

Sommer

pp. 335

7.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

45

the very top of the mountain and laid him with his bluetinged, hairy, ugly mouth downwards, and Theseus was left to guard him. As for Hercules after that he entered the city and rushed without a stop to the strong stealthily,
fortress

in

which
"

Pluto

was.

Hercules

said

too long hast thou been plundering and countries and carrying off their gold and pillaging foreign their silver, their wives and their children without right or Pluto," he said,

"

and now I will put a stop to thy pride and fierceAs he spoke he raised his doughty, staff-like club and dealt Pluto a mighty, fatal blow with it, so that he mixed the body of the warrior with the clay of the hard ground in a crushed pulp. Then the fierce, dangerous band of warriors, and the swift, frenzied fighting men, and the
justice,

ness."

of Pluto rose

very valorous following And they gave manly, valiant, truly doughty battle to each other so that Hercules did not let one soul of them escape alive save Proserpine
battlesome, mighty,

powerful

(?),

up

to

meet Hercules.

alone.

when

Exceeding terror and mighty fear seized Proserpine she saw Pluto with his followers dead around her. Hercules told the queen not to be afraid, and that it was for her he had come, to bring her to Sicily to her own husband and he took her by the hand and brought the queen with him through the city. And then the army and great host of the whole city came up with Hercules, and there was
;

only one strong, impregnable gate to the city, and all the hosts went before him to that one gate, and loosed showers of sharp-pointed arrows and great numbers of every (kind Then Hercules put of) weapon simultaneously at Hercules. aside from the path for fear of her being wounded Proserpine by the weapons. And thereupon made an eager, very powerful rush at the armies of Infernus, and a thousand from among those banded regiments fell very quickly at his hand. But that was not their only loss, for he broke the necks of the soldiers, and the legs of the warriors, the heads and bodies of the fighting-men and the battle-fighters, and then defeated them after slaughtering and inflicting (great) losses on them. Then he plundered and pillaged Cerberus' tower and carried and he found a warrior-like, full strong, off all his riches iron chain in that tower, and he chained Cerberus with it. And they boarded their ship afterwards and reached harbour in Thessaly, where Pirithous' wife was, and gave the giant into her power. Great were the sadness and grief and lamenta;

46
-\

STAIR ERCUIIdercaincdh adhbul

Is

A BAS.
a[c]

la tot^hlach iia crichi sin

cainedh

Pirotos.

ann

sin ro saithedh pelcr poinnighi

-]

primarrachta

leo for faidhci in diinaidh

so

ro badar lucht

na

ro cengladh Ccribhrus de. Ocus cathrach ulc teora la do shinnrudh i tcora

S45

850

855

fodmorach, aca caiteam do clochuibh Ocus do thairrngedar he iar na feallsamain co rabhudar sin. Ocus ^ilnbhradar na lilcdha An cedcenn dibh .i. cenn sainnti, uair tri cinn ar Ceribrus. ni facaidli se aonni maith ag duine ele riam nach boinfed se de he ar ais no ar cigin. An dara cenn bui fair .i. cennus diumuis, uair ni roibi isin bith ina rcimes aenduine roba An tres cenn bui fair .i. cenn dasachtach dimsaighi nas e. druisi, uair ni facaidh se ben deghdelbha ag fer no gan fh^r riam ina aimsix nach heith si d'ais no d'eigin aigi. Ocus ni roibhi isin domun aonduine ina aimsir nach roibi uaman ni roibhi egla ag Sciribrus roim aonimegla roime [aige ?], duine d'fheruibh an betha uli co haes na huaire ar comruicc se re hErcuil. Ocus do goiredar na filedha madra doruis Conidh i toghail Ifirnn Ifirnn de. marbhadh Plutoin dicennud Ceribruis connicci sin reliqua. {Uilliam mac an Legha qui sgribhsit ut bona morte
aidhclii ac pianadli in

cruaidhi

d(^

caelniibh criadh.

-j

-]

-]

-j

-\

-\

peribit)

860

865

(271a) Dala Ercuil iar sin tainic roime co tir na Tiabhanach, Teseus mar aon ris, uair ni fes doib olc dia ndernadh innti on uair fo ndechatar do thogh[ail] Ifirnn co haos na huaire sin. Ocus nir cian doibh ac siubhal na tiri sin co fuair fis cech uilc dia ndernadh innti dia [n-]eis. Docuaidh Ercuil ina aonar co hincleith gan airiughudh isin Teibh, ro badar ced fodhmoir firarrichta ac imcoimed na Teibhe an la sin do tshinnrudh nir airighedar Ercuil no co facadar ina mesc
]
-]
;

-j

e,

iar folach in chroicind leoghain

-\

a airm do.
-\

Ocus ro

buailidar cuigi as gach aird dia malairt

J
870

dia

mor[mar ?]bhadh,

do gairedar uime do gach leth. Ocus iar clos na gaire greannmaire sin do Lingcus tanicc amach asa daingin a ndoigh gurb iat a muindter fein do bi ag crechtnughudh Ocus tarrla da ceile e a[c] cnaimgherradh a ceile. Ercuil, ro ben Ercuil 1 do comraicsit co lonn lanfhergach reroile,
-\ -\ -j

H.2.7, 270b 19

271a

18.

Sommer

pp. 337, 330

i,

343-

LIFE
tion

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

47

and sorrowing of the populace of that country, mourning Then they planted a powerful (?), very great pillar in the field before the castle, and they bound Cerberus to it, and all the townspeople tortured the giant during some three days and three nights by pelting him with hard stones and with lumps of clay. And after that they drew him. And according to the poets and sages Cerberus had three heads. The first of the heads (was) a head of greed, for he never saw any good thing in the possession of another without taking it from him by fair means or foul. The second head he had (was) a head of pride, for in his time there was not in the world anybody prouder than he. The third head he had (was) a raging head of lust, for he never saw a beautiful woman, married or single, during his lifetime whom he would not obtain, either with her consent or by violence. And there was not in the world in his time any person who did not go in fear and trembling of him, and Cerberus was not afraid of any one of the men of the world till the actual
for Pirithous.

occasion on which he fought with Hercules. And the poets called him the watchdog of Infernus. So that that is the destruction of Infernus and the killing of Pluto and the

beheading of Cerberus thus

far.
this, that

{Uilliam mac an Legha, who wrote good death).

he

may

die a

As for Hercules after that he came on to the land of the Thebans with Theseus, for they did not know of any of the evil that had been done there between the time of their But setting out to destroy Infernus and that moment. before they had been long travelling through that country they came to know of every evil that had been done there in their absence. Hercules went alone, stealthily, and without being perceived into Thebes and there were a hundred mighty giants guarding Thebes on that particular And they did not notice Hercules till they saw him day. in their midst, for he had hidden the lion's skin and his and they made for him from every direction to weapons destroy and slay him, and shouted around him on every side. And when Lycus heard that fierce shout he came out of his stronghold, thinking that his own followers were wounding and hacking each other, and he and Hercules happened together, and they fought fiercely and full angrily together.
; ;

48
a lamh
S75

STAIR ERCUIL
clcs

A BAS.
Ocus ro
toitidar

do Lingcus

isin laechirghuil sin.

lacchraidh Lingc/r/s uli la hErcuil isin morglco sin. Is ann a cengail do Ampitrion i do sin ro scail Ercuil a cuiblirigi
-j

S80

8S5

S90

Ocus dob ail Icisin righain poicc do tliabhairt " A Ercuil," ar sc, Adubhairt immorro Lingcus d'Erciiil. " na dona anoir do IMegra, uair is ben dom-sa hi in fcdh at aim sa cathraigh so. Ocus is si is mo dil lanamnuis da facasa do mnaibh na cruinne." Ocus gid edh is mar aimles atpcrt Ro gabh Lingcus sin uair nar cidir leis dith ele do denum. immorro cineirtc adhbul Megera tre adhnaire in sceoil do Docuaidh immorro igha uathmar angidhi cuircdli uirthi. coid a cenn Ercuil tre comradh Lingcuis, 1 do nocht a lann asa haithli i dorone da orduin cudruma comora do Lingcus. Ocus dorone in cetna do Megra. Ocus adeirid drong ele nar marbh Ercuil Megera, acht co tuc se innarbadh uadha uirrthe, Ocus is si 1 cor cuir a mainistir caillech ndub isin Teib hi. Ocus sin cedmainistir caillech ndub ro bui isin Teib riam.
Moghcgra
iar sin.
:

nir luaithi sruth sanntach siradhbul sleibhi ag dul re fantaibh (271b) naid srotha falcmara foirrderga fola in la sin isin

cathraigh ac siledh as meidibh miled

S95

-|

a slesaibh saerclann

socineol iarna toitim la hErcuil a ndigail a clemna 1 a carat. Conidh amlaidh sin ro ghabh Ercuil in Teibh for Lingcus.
Iar forba na morecht sin la hErcuil docuaidh roime fon muir n-adhbul n-ardanfaidh, tarrla lason mac Esoin fair a[c] dul a tir na Colach d'fagail in chroicinn ordha do bi ag Etha ri na Colach. Ocus docuaidh Ercuil leis, 1 do buail stoirm ardanfadh adhbul forra, do cuiredh a tir (a purt) isin Frigia (iat) a purt na Traee iat dia n-aimdheoin. Ocus nir lig Lamdedhon .i. ri na Troigenach aedhiacht puirt isin crich sin doib, tuc aTthJchur innarbadh fon muir a n-aghaidh in ardanfaidh forra. Ocus do gell Ercuil sin do Ocus docuaidh iar sin roime co tir dhigail for Laimedon. na Colach dofuair in croicenn orda. Ocus tanic tar ais isin tuc cath do nGreig 1 dorinne sluaighedh ar Troigenaibh, torchair Laimedon leis ar cur air a muindtiri. Laimedon, Ro airg ro innr aidh in Trae ro bris a muir 1 a morclocha. Conidh amlaidh sin ro digail Ercuil a esanoir fa dho ar
-] -] -\
-j -j

900

905

-]

-]

-]

-]

-|

910

H.2.7, 271a 18

271b

28.

Sommer

pp. 345

51.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

49
;

and Hercules cut off Lycus' right arm in that heroic combat and all Lycus' warriors fell by Hercules in that fierce conflict. Then Hercules loosed x\mphitryon's and Megara's bonds and

And the queen wished to kiss Hercules, " but Lycus said do not treat Megara Hercules," said he, with honour, for she has been my wife as long as I have been
fetters after that. "
:

in this city.

And
the

of all I

have seen
mate."
said

of the

women
it

of the

world she
to

is

worthiest

But

make

mischief

that

Lycus

was merely that since he was

great faintness

unable to do harm otherwise.

seized

And then

Megara through deep shame

at the charge

which was

brought against her. Further, a terrible, vindictive pang of jealousy shot through Hercules because of what Lycus had said, and he bared his sword then and made two even, equal and others pieces of Lycus, and did the same with Megara say that Hercules did not kill Megara, but that he banished her from him, and put her in a convent of nuns in Thebes. And that is the first convent of nuns which was ever in Thebes. And not swifter were an impetuous, mighty mountain-stream flowing down slopes than (the) copious, crimson streams of blood in the city that day, flowing from the necks of warriors and from the sides of well-bom nobles, who had fallen at the hand of Hercules in vengeance for his father-in-law and his friends. So that it was thus that Hercules took Thebes from Lycus.
;

Hercules had completed those great feats he went over the mighty, greatly-storming sea, and he met Jason son of Aeson going to the land of the Colchians to get the Golden Fleece which Aeetes king of the Colchians had. And Hercules went with him, and they were overtaken by a storm and mighty tempest, and driven landwards to Phrygia into the harbour of Troy against their wills. And Laomedon, king of the Trojans, would not grant them harbourage in that country, but expelled and banished them across the sea in the teeth of the great storm. And Hercules vowed that he would avenge that on Laomedon, and went on then to the land of the Colchians and got the Golden Fleece. And he returned to Greece and made a hosting against the Trojans,
off

When

and gave battle to Laomedon. And Laomedon fell at his hand after his men had been slaughtered. He {i.e., Hercules) plundered and pillaged Troy and broke down its walls and great castles. So that it is thus that Hercules twice avenged

50

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.
les
-]

Laimcdon

Laimodon, uair ro togliladh in Tra(a)e fa do fein aran toghail d^u//anaigli.

Tainic iarum fon muir
ris,
-i

do marbhadh

acn
95

amach co n-ilimud nGrcgach mar ghabh ac sirascnam na mara moraidhble. Ocus ro ghabhsat cuan cluthar comdhaingen a n-Alaxandria. Ocus docuniiaic Ercuil in long luchtmar lanmor isin cuan, ) meirgi maiscch maethsroill ina shesam innti. Tainic immorro
ro
fer

920

leidmcch lancalma asin luing a comdhail Ercuil iarna Ocus i ro leig fora di glun a fiadhnuise Ercuil e. dorone umla do, 1 atpert ilimud maithesa ris. Ocus ro fhiarfaigh Ercuil (272a) ce he in mile mercalma adubhairt in " maith sin ris. Adubhairt in t-oglach Is misi After mac
aithne do,
:

Abram
na
9^5

.i.

ri

na Magionda Moire," ar

"

se,

i
-]

Antenon

.i.

ri

Libia, ata

cabhair 1 Pires 1 Tripulin Libia Motaighin 1 ilimud do thirthaibh ele iarna ngabail ag Anntenon in n-inbuidh sin. Doruc Afer iar sin Ercuil les isin luing, dochunnaic Ercuil in rigan og
-] -]
-]

dob ail lium ag buain mo righachta dim, comfurtacht d'faghail uait-si." Ocus ro bui in

930

935

moighden milla malachdubh ar teineclar na luinge. Ocus tuc Ercuil sere siradhbul di. Ocus robu i sin Echee inghen Affeir .i. ri na Maighionda. Ocus fochtais " Ercuil di narb ail le e fein d'fherceile. Ni horum ata," ar " mo mathair. acht forma tuismidhtoraib .i. m'athair si, Ocus gid edh fos ni tucadh arna deitJiih buidhechus is mo na a tiubhruind-si orra dia faghaind tusa do fherceile." Iarna clos sin d'Afer 1 dia banceile fa luth lanmor leo e,
alaind ilchrothach
-]

in

-]

-\

dorucadar a buidhechus risna deithih Ercuil d'iaraidh a Ocus tucadh do hi asa haithli, 1 doronadh banfais n-ingine. ro luidh le iarum. Conidh e tochmarc buantighluicthech leo,
-]

940

Echee ingine Affeir connicci

sin.

945

Doronad iarum morsluaighedh mor la hErcuil la hAfer, Iarna docuad[ar ?] isin Libia dia hinnrudh 1 dia bargain. clos sin d'z\nntenon .i. ri na Libia, do thinoil a sloigh as gach aird a rabhadar, na nGregach, tanicc a n-arrthaisc Ercuil tugadar cath ogla ainnshergach ainiarmartach daroile.
-j

-]

Ocus
isin

taiTla

cath,

-]

immorro Ercuil 1 Anntenon doronsad comruc feramail

ri

na Libia da

ceile

foirtill

firarrachta.

H.2.7, 271b 28

272a

37.

Sommer

pp. 351

4.

LIFE
his dishonour

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

51

on Laomedon, for he destroyed Troy twice, and Laomedon himself was killed at the second destruction.

Then he came out across the sea together with many Greeks and began to travel unceasingly over the mighty ocean, and they put in to a sheltered, strong harbour in Alexandria, and Hercules saw a well-manned, very big ship in the harbour flying a handsome standard of soft satin. Moreover a brave, full valorous man came from the ship
to

meet

Hercules,

having

recognized

him,

and

knelt

down on his two knees before Hercules, and did homage to him and paid him many compliments. x\nd Hercules asked who was that active, brave warrior who thus praised him. The soldier said "I am Afer son of Abraham, king of great
:

and Antaeus, king of Libia, is taking Macedonia," said he, my kingdom from me, and I would like to get help and
assistance

"

from thee." And Libia and Piraeus and Tripolis and Mauretania and many other countries had been taken by Antaeus at that time. After that Afer took Hercules with him into the ship. And Hercules saw a young, handsome, mobile-featured queen, a gentle, dark-browed maiden, on the deck (?) of the ship. And Hercules fell deeply and m love with her, and that was Echea daughter lastingly
of Afer king of Macedonia. And Hercules inquired of her whether she would not like to have him as husband. " It " is not for me to say," said she, but for my parents, that is, my father and my mother. And yet never have greater thanks been given to the gods than I would give to them if I got thee as husband." When Afer and his wife heard that they were overjoyed. And they thanked the gods because Hercules was seeking their daughter, and she was given to him then, and they made a long and generous marriage-feast, and he lay with her after that. So

that that

is

the wooing of Echea daughter of Afer thus far.

Then a great hosting was made by Hercules and Afer and they (?) went into Libia to plunder and pillage it.

When

Antaeus, king of Libia, heard of that he gathered his armies together from every quarter in which they were and came towards Hercules and the Greeks, and they gave each other fierce, malevolent, mortal battle. And moreover Hercules and met of Antaeus, Libia, king the battle and in and fought manfully, strongly,

52

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.

950

buail Ercuil builli brighmar borbnertmar don luirg 1 ro imrcmair ianiaidhi a ccnn Anntcnon, i ro thrasgair a cenn tuc cnedh guasachtach fair. Docuadar ara gualaind cle sleigh iia Libia eturra do cabhair Anntcnon, 1 tangadar dorucadh o cheile (272b) na Gregaigh do cabhair Ercuil, amlaidh sin iat. Ro bui Ercuil iarum ag ledairt i ag lan-\ -]

marbhadh
9.S5

slogh na Libi[a],

ro bui

Anntcnon ac marbhadh

gf-o

965

bhui immorro Ercuil ac scoltadh na sciath ac leonad na laechraidhi sechnoin 1 ac marbhadh na milcd in catha ag iarraidh Anntcnon. An uair immorro docunnaicc Ercuil ina docum ro theith roime astegh ina cathraigh, 1 ro lensat a muindter e iar mbrisedh orra le laim arrachta ro badar Gregaigh aga marbhadh co mithroccar no Ercuil, dunsat in cathair orra. Deich .c. da .xx. c. to[r]chuir le gur hErcuil do sloghaib na Libia an la sin. Ocus ro bui in ri Anntenon anb[f]ann eneirt o bemennaibh arrachta Ercuil, 1 a.dubhmdar a legha nach heith Anntenon slan co cenn mis. Ocus ro ghabh Anntenon comosadh re hErcuil re fedh na mis sin. Conidh e sin an cedcath do cuir Ercuil ar Anntenon.

na nGregach.

Do

-j

-]

Ercuil ina menmain nach testa do threigib uadha acht amain a beith gan eladhain do, 1 dorighachta

Do smuain

cualaidh se co roibi
970

ri isin

domun

in n-inbhaidh sin 1

gurb

ardmaigistir isna secht n-eladhnaibh somaisecha saera he, 1 CO ndenadh se ars memoratiua .i. eladha na cuimni, do each

975

980

985

Ocus ro thriall Ercuil cuigi d'faghail fOghluma dorinde comairle re Filoces. Ocus atpert Filoces " Isim eolach-sa isin chrich sin," ar se. Ro ceileabhair fris immorro Ercuil dia mnai dia cliamain cona muindtir, adubhairt riu iad fein do choimhed co maith ar fed na mis Dala Ercuil immorro ro gluais roime cusin crich inar sin. menmarc les dul, ro ghabh cuan innti, docuaidh a tir asa haithli, ro fagaibh Filoces a[c] coimhed a luingi. Ocus nir cian do ac siubhal in tan docunnaic se aenduine ina docum. Ocus fochtais Ercuil scela de ca roibh se carbh ail les dul. Adubhairt in t-oglac co roibh se a farradh Aitilais " ri in tiri-side, ar mullach sleibhi aird adhuair. .i. Ocus " ataim-si ag dul uadha," ar se, do tinol slogh teghlach na na cathrach so do chur catha a n-aghaidh Ercuil crich Afer ri na Maighionda na nGregach archena. Ocus (273a) dogebair-si do cennach co maith 6 Aitilas," ar an t-oglach,
a coitcinne.
uadha,
:

-]

-]

-j

-]

-|

-j

-]

-]

-]

-]

H.2.7, 272a

37 273a

3.

Sommer

pp.

3547.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

53

with true valour, and Hercules struck a powerful, violent blow at Antaeus with the broad iron club and knocked his head on to his left shoulder and wounded him dangerously. The armies of Libia placed themselves between them in order to help Antaeus, and the Greeks came to help Hercules, and they were separated thus. After that Hercules was maiming and killing outright the armies of Libia, and Antaeus was killing the Greeks. Moreover Hercules was

and killing the warriors and wounding the fighting-men throughout the battle in his search for Antaeus. Now when he {i.e. Antaeus) saw Hercules (coming) towards him he fled into his city, and his men followed him, after being defeated by the mighty hand of Hercules and the Greeks continued to kill them mercilessly till they closed the city on them. Five thousand from among the hosts of Libia
splitting the shields
;

by Hercules that day and king Antaeus was weak and from the mighty blows of Hercules, and his doctors said that Antaeus would not be well for a month. And Antaeus
fell
;

feeble

So that is the campaign against Antaeus. Hercules bethought himself that he lacked none of the accomplishments of kingship except that he was not versed in the arts. And he heard that there was a king in the world at that time who was a great master in the seven elegant, " liberal arts, and that he taught the ars memorativa," that is, the art of memory, to everyone in general. And Hercules journeyed to him to obtain learning from fiim, and he took counsel with Philoctetes. And Philoctetes said
first

made a

truce with Hercules for that month.

battle in Hercules'

I know that country," said he. Then Hercules said good-bye to his wife and to his father-in-law and his men, and told Ihem to guard themselves well during that

to

him

"

month.

As for Hercules moreover he journeyed on to the country to which he wished to go, and anchored there and
after that,
ship.

went ashore

and left Philoctetes guarding his had been long on the way he saw a man (coming) towards him unaccompanied, and Hercules asked him where he was from and where he was making for. The warrior said that he was with Atlas, the king of that country, (who lived) on the top of a high, cold mountain, " " and I am going by his orders," said he, to collect the armies and hosts of these countries and cities to give battle to Hercules and Afer, king of Macedonia, and the rest of the Greeks. And you will be well paid by Atlas,"

And

before he

51

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.

900

995

1000

1005

1010

Ocus dochuaidh Ercuil docum 1 do scarsat o chcilc iaruni. an palais do bi forin sliabh, dofuair se cethrar ridiri andorus an palais, 1 10 liarfaighsit scela dc. Atpert Ercuil corob Ic tcchtairecht tanic docuiu Aitilais. Ocus is amlaidh ro badar a[g] glanadh a loglach in palais sin ag limadh a n-arm n-cididh ] a[g] dcrbhadh a mbuilli 1 aca n-uUmughudh do dona Gregachaibh. Ocus docuadar thabhairt catha d'Ercuil techta uatha da innisin co tainicc athach adhbulmor le tech[t]airccht cum Aitilais. Tanic immorro Aitilas a comdhail Ercuil 1 fochtais sccla de. Is ann sin do theilg Ercuil a bhrat in croicenn leomain ro bui re cnes ris. ro leig a lorg do " is me ro ghabh hoglach-sa Is mise Ercuil, Ocus atpert a shiur 1 Oilen na Caerach Corcra. Ocus gebud .i. Filoces, " A Ercuil tusa anosa d'ais no d'eigin." Atpert Aitilas buirb dimsaigh dochasaigh andlighthigh egortaigh, is borb ar lar mo duid sin da rad rium-sa a mesc mo muindtiri Docuaidh in ri tii at aenar, i toitfir fein ann." daingin do chuir trealam co lanfheirg, iar sm ina seomra co luindi catha CO comdaingen uime, 1 ro ghlac airm mora miletta, doronsat a muindter mar an cedna, 1 do buailedar uile ar aenslighi ar Ercuil. Dala Ercuil iarum do toititar da ridiri ro bui ag sechna deg do da buille deg diaigh ar diaigh les, in righ do marbhadh ar uaman na n-eladhan saer ro bui aigi do dhul do dith. Ocus ni mar sin ro bui Aitilas, uair ba mian les Ercuil do marbhadh do malairt co prap. Ocus ro buail
-[

-j

-\

-]

-\

-\

-\

-|

-j

-\

-]

-\

-]

-\

1015

tuc cnedh ro thrascair e, nemhshanntach ar Aitilas guasachtach fair. Ocus torcair a roibi isin palas leis acht Docuaidh Ercuil a seomra in ri iar sin, Aitilas aenar. do chuir na seoid ele rob uaisli ann, 1 tug a lehhair les Aitilas (273b) for inn a gualann con a eidedh (e), ] dorug
builli
-] -] -| -]

les

"
1020

ina lui[n]g

e,

-]

Aitilais," ar se,

ro fher Filoces failti fris. Adubhairt Ercuil " atai ar mo bhreith-si budesta, ] dena
:

dam na heladhna

saera
:

til

lat

no

dobheV-sa bas anuasal

duit." Adubhairt in ri Ataim gaeta guasachtach," ar se, " An uair immorro do1 ni heidir Hum a ndenum duit fos."

"

cimnaic Aittila[s] Ercuil ar mbuain a eididh de, e min maerdha maccanta muindterach, 1 se dedgeal dathalaind,
-]

H.2.7, 273a 3

273b

10.

Sommer

pp. 357

60.

LIFE
said

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

;

55

and then they And the warrior parted. Hercules went to the palace that was on the mountain, and found four knights in front of the palace, who asked him his errand. Hercules said that he had come with a message And this is what the household of that palace for Atlas.
were doing sharpening their weapons, and cleaning their armour, and proving their blows, and preparing themselves to give battle to Hercules and the Greeks. And messengers went from them to say that a huge giant had come with a message for Atlas. Then Atlas came to meet Hercules and And Hercules threw his mantle asked him his business. from him and showed him the club and the lion's skin which " I am Hercules, and it he had next his skin. And he said,

was I who captured thy servant Philoctetes and his sister and the Island of the Crimson Sheep, and I will take thee
Atlas said, prisoner now with thy consent or without it." " O Hercules, violent, proud, self-confident, lawless and unjust, it is foolhardy of thee to say that to me among my

men and in the very midst of my fortress, thou being alone, and thou thyself wilt fall therefor." Then the king went into his room in fury and great anger, and fastened battleequipment firmly about him, and seized great, warrior's and they all attacked weapons, and his men did likewise Hercules together. As for Hercules then twelve knights fell at his hand with twelve successive blows, and he avoided
;

killing the king for fear that the liberal arts which he possessed should be lost. Atlas, however, had different intentions, for Hercules he wished to kill and destroy Hercules quickly. dealt Atlas a reluctant blow which knocked him down and and all that were in the inflicted a severe wound on him palace were killed by him save Atlas alone. Then Hercules went into the king's room and took away his books and the
;

most valuable

of the other treasures there,

and put Atlas on

:

his shoulder, together with his armour, and brought him to his ship, and Philoctetes bade him welcome. Hercules said " " thou art in Atlas," said he, power now, and teach me the liberal arts of which thou art the possessor, or I will "

my

I am The king said put thee to a shameful death." " and I in a dangerous condition," he said, wounded and But when Atlas saw cannot teach them to thee yet." Hercules after he had taken off his armour, and (saw that) he (was) smooth, stately, gentle, kindly, and (that) he (was) white-toothed, handsome in colour, and (that) he (was)
:

56
loij
-]

STAIR ERCUIL
-i

A BAS.

se sonairt suairc socartanach,

se cain ceilligi cartlianach,

1030

gaesmar gairerhtach, dothucc se sere siradhbul i ba doigh lais co ro gradh demiail doflniluing do Ercuil, uair Ocus dorinde sin giirba hathach modordha misgiamach e. iarum na healadhna sacra do connach roibhi isin domun uli Dochuaidh ina comaimsir aenduJne is ferr ro bui innta nas e.
1

se glic

la

roba mor in machtnughudh menman Ercinl isin Libia iar sin, hAfer Ercuil do thabhairt na n-eladhan saer les re re mi's. Ocus ba mor in t-ingnath les mar do gab Ercuil nert ar Aitilas
-j

ina aenar a mesc a muindtiri. Conidh

1035

ecbtra Ercuil ag
in catha

denum
in tan

na n-eladhan connicci
sin, sin.
"I

[sin].

Ocus

tairnic in t-osadh in tan

ti

ro bui gach drong dibh ar

do chur

J040

1045

1050

Ar caithem na mis sin doibh ba hogh[s]lan ri na Libia do chuir a dirmadha degsloigh ar aenslighi, ona othrus, do gluais a coindi Ercuil 1 na nGregach. Ocus dorindi Ocus do chuir tri coirighti comlunncruaidhi catha dibh. da mile deg sa cedcorughudh, 1 .xx. mili sa dara corughudh, Ocus ro bui ri men1 .X. mili .XX. sa treas corughudh. mach moral cenntach na cenn ar each corughudh dibh ri Cotuli na Sisaile roimh an cedcorughudh .i. ri ri na Getuli aran treas corughudh. aran dara corughudh Dogni immorro Ercuil da chorughudh da muindtir budein, do chuir se Afer .i. ri na Maigionda roim an cedOcus doruc corughudh 1 e fein roim an dara corughudh. do cuiredh coroin fona ben (274a) Ercuil mac in tan sin, cend iama bhreit ar righacht na Libia. Ocus fuair a mathair Docuadar na catha bas sul nar fagaibh Ercuil in tir sin.
-] -]
-]

-]

-]

-]

cechtarrdha
1055

fo ceile in

tan sin
-]

.i.

sluaigh linmara lancalma

1060

na Libia cona cairdib, sluaigh ghreannmara gaesmara na Ocus tucatar cath niata naimdighi nemhcarthanach Greige. daroile. Ocus tarrla Anntenon 1 Ercuil da cheile isin cath, ro buail 1 doronsat comruc dian disgir dana dasachtach, Anntenon builli oireghdha arrachta ar Ercuil, 1 ro gherr a sciath ar do. Tuc iarum Ercuil builli ele ar Anntinon, 1 ro dorugadar sluaigh linmara lancruaidhi na thrasgair he, Libia Anntenon on laechmilidh gan malairt. Is ann sin do
-]

-]

chruinnighedar gasraidhi greannmara grodgnimacha drechta dana deghsluaigh saichi seghmar sarcalma a n-urtimceall Ercuil dia malairt 1 dia mormarbhadh. Ocus tanicc Afer .i.
-\
-|

H.2.7, 273b 10

274a

18.

Sommer

pp. 360

3.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

57

strong, merry, and lovable, and (that) he (was) beautiful, sensible, affectionate, and (that) he (was) clever, wise, laughter-loving, he bestowed mighty affection and great,

unbearable love on Hercules for he had thought till then that he was a grim, ugly giant. And he afterwards taught him the liberal arts, so that in his time there was not in all the world anybody better in them than he. After that
;

And great was Afer's astonishment had learnt the liberal arts in a month's time. And he wondered greatly that Hercules had overcome Atlas
Hercules went into Libia.
that Hercules

single-handed in the midst of his people. And that is the story of how Hercules acquired the liberal arts thus far. And by then the truce had expired, and each of the armies

was about

to give battle at that time.

month the king of Libia was and he assembled the companies of his fine army and moved against Hercules and the Greeks; and he formed them into three hard-fighting divisions. And he put twelve thousand in the first division, and twenty
quite recovered from his sickness,

After they had passed that

second division, and thirty thousand in the bold, high-spirited king at the head of each of the divisions the king of Sicily at the head of the first division, and the king of Cotulia at the head of the second division, and the king of Gaetulia at the head of the third division. Moreover, Hercules made two divisions
in the
;

thousand

third division

and there was a

of his

own men, and

set Afer,

king of Macedonia, at the head

and himself before the second division. And Hercules' wife bore a son at that time, and as soon as he was born he was crowned king of Libia and his mother died before Hercules left that country. Then each of the
of the first division
;

armies advanced towards the other, the numerous, very brave hosts of Libia, together with their allies, and the fierce, skilful armies of Greece, and they gave each other brave,

unloving battle. And Antaeus and Hercules met in the battle, and they fought vigorously, fiercely, boldly and furiously, and Antaeus dealt Hercules a mighty, doughty blow, and cut his shield in two. Hercules then gave Antaeus a return blow and knocked him down, and the numerous, unyielding hosts of Libia took Antaeus away from the
hostile,

warrior-soldier without his being slain.

Then fierce, quicklyacting bands and bold army-companies and a swift (?), exceedingly -brave swarm gathered round Hercules to destroy

38
loo.s

STAIR ERCUIL
mcrmcnmach

-j

A BAS.

1070

inilita mordhalach iia Maigionda do comfhuron cigin sin. Ocus tanic ri na Cotuli do cumnadh la ri na Libia, tugadar in da ri sin cath diaroile. Ocus is ncnicharthanach do fcradh in morgleo sin, torchair naimdigi ri Cotuli CO n-ilimud dia muindtir mar aen ris la hirgail arrachta urunta Afer. Tanic immorro ri na Getuli .x. catha ni mor .xx. cuca fon am sin i tuc cath do ri na Maigionda, ro torchair do muindtir righ na Getuli sa cath sin in tan tainicc Ercuil do ciimnadh d'Afer. Do thogaibh Ercuil osa gualainn
ri

taclit Ercuil

-j

-]

-]

1075

loso

10S5

1090

1095

imreamar iarnaidhi in sust scgmar sarbuilleach do beimennaibh bedgnimacha bais for sluagaibh 1 ghabh na Getuli no gur bhris rian madhma mormarbhta forra. Dorug an aidhchi orra in tan sin, do ghabhsat comosadh co mucha na maidne iarnamarach. Ocus doronsp.t comnaidhi ar comhuir a ceile co maidin. Ocus roba doigh la hErcuil co fuighedh cath iarnamarach o Anntenon. Is ann sin adubhairt " Anntenon rena muindtir Ni fuil sen maith catha (274b) " torchair oruind," ar se, i ni tabhraid ar ndee lam linn, forgla ar muindtiri la hErcuil, ocus ni fuilmid lin catha do amarach, fagam in magh so 1 ergem co cathraigh na Mo rian anocht." Doronsat samlaidh. Dala Anntenon iarum do tinol se na tir gorma mar aen ris 1 tainicc a fritheing na conaire cedna. Ocus tuc se ri na Tingi ilimud do sluaighib les 1 tucadar cath daroile. Tarrla Ercuil 1 Anntenon da cheile isin cath, do comraicsit co foirtill firarrachta. Ocus ro bui Anntenon aca claei isin comruc. Is ann sin do togair Anntenon imthecht re luas a retha o Ercuil, n do rith Ercuil ina diaigh do chuir ara gualaind e, ] do buail fo lig lanmoir dorug air, e conar fagaibh edh n-ordlaigh ina churp gan combrughadh, CO fuair bas co hobunn. Ocus torchuir ri na Tingi iar sin la hErcuil ilimud do rigaibh ele mar aen riu, conar eidir in do imthecht la himud na corp crechtach cnaimgherrtha, magh
in laechlorg
-]

ro

-\

-|

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

Do
1

la falcaib fairsinge firdoimni fola for fiarlaid in muighi. hannluicedh Anntinon iar sin, -] ro ordaigh Ercuil dealb

100

denum do cnaim elifinnti do Anntenon, 1 a cur mar comartha cuimnighthi in coscair sin. Tuc immorro Ercuil righi na Libia d'Afer. Ocus is e recht ro bui
alainn do

osa cinn

isin Libia in

mnai ann,

-]

.i. gan ier d'airighthi do beith ag ben do thoigeoradh fer isin tir sin do hidh gach

n-inbuidh sin

H.2.7, 274a 18

274b

31.

Sommer

pp. 363

6.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

59

and kill him. And Afer, the impetuous, soldierly, haughty king of Macedonia, came to help Hercules from that extremity. And the king of Cotulia came to help the king of Libia, and those two kings gave battle to each other, and vindictively and unlovingly was that great conflict waged, and the king of Cotulia fell, with many of his men, by the valorous, powerful fighting of Afer. Moreover, the king of Gaetulia came to them at that moment with thirty battalions and gave battle to the king of Macedonia, and not many
of the king of Gaetulia's men had fallen in that battle when Hercules came to help Afer. Hercules raised the thick, iron warrior's club, the swift (?), great-striking staff above

and attacked the armies of Gaetulia with harmmortal blows, so that they were defeated with rout and great slaughter. Then night overtook them and they arranged a truce till early the next morning, and encamped opposite each other till dawn. And Hercules thought that Antaeus would give battle to him the next day. Then Antaeus said " to his men The fortune of battle is not in our favour," " said he, and our gods are not helping us, and the best of our men have fallen by Hercules. And we are not strong
his shoulder,
ful,
:

enough

in numbers to give him battle tomorrow, and let us leave this field and go to the city of Mauretania tonight." And thus they did. And Antaeus collected the black men

about him and came back by the same route. And he brought the king of Tingi with him, together with numerous hosts, and they {i.e., Antaeus and Hercules) gave battle to each other. Hercules and Antaeus met together in the battle

and fought strongly and very powerfully and iVntaeus was being overcome in the fight. Then Antaeus would have fled away from Hercules, but Hercules pursued him, laid hold on him, put him on his shoulder, and beat him against a great stone till he had left not an inch of his body unbruised,
;

And after that the king of Tingi fell at Hercules' hand, and many other kings with them, so that the battlefield was impassible owing to wounded and lacerated bodies and wide, deep floods of blood (flowing) across it. Then Antaeus was buried, and Hercules ordered a
so that he died a sudden death.

Antaeus to be made, and placed Moreover Hercules the kingship of Libia to Afer and the law of Libia at gave that time was that no woman had one particular husband, and any woman whom a man desired in that country

handsome ivory statue above him in memory

of

of that victory.
;

6o

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.

1105

ag mnaibh na crichi sin cia da mbcirdis a Ocus dorinde Ercuil recht ag luidi leo. nua doibh .i. gnathughudh na nGregach .i, ben fosta ag gach acn dibh. Conidli amlaidh sin do choisc Ercuil diumus egoir Anntenoin.
aigi, T ni bidli a fis claim la himud fer
-j

1110

Is and sin docunnaicc Ercuil moighden alaind edrocht ac tocht ina docum, fochtais scela di. Atpcrt in moighden " " ar si, a techtairecht o bannrighain na hEigipti Tanag-sa," na Capadoisi na hAsia ule (275a) .i. Sinoib a ] na Tisi do ghabh si in Eigipti a n-eruicc a ferceile do toit hainm,
-j
:

-]

-]

-]

leo,
1115

fuilidli-si a[g]

le
le

doclos di co a[g] gabhail in domun, gabhail neirt a ri-aird ele don domun 1 ni miadh tusa na nech ele a[g] gabhail neirt ina reimes. Ocus dob ail
1

"

ata," a[r]

si,

-]

1120

1125

da banntracht do chur do cathughudh cugud-sa ] dod muindtir-si. Ocus cidh be acaibh claiter isin cathughudh sin righe in domhim do ligen gan imresain " don droing ba tmsi." Docuala," ar se, Atpert Ercuil " nach incomruicc aenduine da nertmairecht risna righnuibh sin, 1 gidh edh dogebhuid comhlann sa lo amarach buaimsi." Ocus tuc Ercuil aiscedha amra don moighdin, 1 ro imigh si uadha iarum. Dala Sinoipi iar clos na seel sin di tainicc ar maidin iamamarach a comdhail Ercuil, 1 tainic Ro fheradar gleo Ipolites do comhruc re Teseus ri Atenus. gaibthech grainemail re seal, 1 ro thrascradar a ceile dona ceddias

cum

ridiri ele

1130

beimennaibh. Roba machtnughudh menman la Gregachaibh Ercuil 1 Teseus do thrasgairt la dias do mnaibh na cruinne, 1 nir lugha in machtnughudh la mui[n]dtjr na mban sin a trascairt la dias d'fheruibh in talman. Do comhraicsit iarum
dia cois, -] nir cian iarum gur cengail Ercuil Sinoip co sardaingen. Ro bui Teseus aca clai isin comhlunn. Atpert Ercuil re Teseus gur adhnair les a imisle ro bui se isin comlunn.

135

Ro gab
1 ro

naire in t-airdrigh

man

medaigh a

menma

leis sin,
-j

greasacht sin tuc Ercuil fair, tuc se cor arrachta don

-]

140

ro cuibhrigh asa haithli. Is ann righain 1 ro thrascair hi sin ro aduim Sinoip a clai la hErcuil, adubhairt co tibhradh si righi 1 rocennus do Ercuil, ] do sidliadadar amlaidh sin. Ocus atpert Teseus co roibhe sere siradhbul aigi do[n]
-[

mnai

rer comruic se

do posadh

ris

asa haithli,

-]

docuaidh

H.2.7, 274b 31

275a

34.

Sommer

pp. 366

70.

LIFE
would become
to

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

;

6i

his

and the women

of that region

knew not

they were bearing children, for each knew many men. And Hercules made them a new law, (according to) the Greek custom, namely, that each man should have one, Thus did Hercules put an end to the permanent wife. arrogance and injustice of Antaeus.

whom

Then Hercules saw a beautiful, resplendent maiden coming " I have come," towards him, and he asked her her errand. " with a message from the Queen of Egypt said the maiden,
and Scythia and Cappadocia and all x\sia, namely Synope, and she has taken the land of the Egyptians in revenge for " her husband, who was kUled by them. x\nd," said she, she the world and she has heard that you are is conquering gaining power in another part of the world, and she deems
;

dishonourable that thou or any other shouldst be gaining reign. And she wishes to send two of her women to fight with thee and another knight of thy company, so that, whichever pair be overcome, the sovereignty of the " world may be left to the stronger party without dispute." I " have heard," said Hercules, that no one, however powerful, is fit to fight with those queens. However, I will meet them in combat tomorrow." Hercules gave wonderful gifts to the maiden and she departed from him. As for Synope, when she heard those tidings she came the next morning to meet
it

power during her

Hercules, and Hippolyte came to fight with Theseus king of Athens. And they waged a dangerous, vindictive conflict for a while, and they threw each other to the ground with the The Greeks were surprised to see Hercules and first blows. Theseus thrown down by any two women in the world, and no less surprised were those women's followers to see them overthrown by any two men of the earth. Then they fought on foot, and before long Hercules had bound Synope firmly. Theseus was being overcome in the contest. Hercules said to Theseus that he was ashamed of him for his poor The great king was ashamed that position in the fight. Hercules should thus (have to) incite him, and he took courage, and gave the queen a powerful throw and knocked her down and then bound her. Then Synope admitted her defeat by Hercules, and said she would give him sovereignty and great power, and thus they made peace. And Theseus said he was greatly in love with the woman with whom he

had fought, and she was married

to

him subsequently, and

62

STAIR ERCUIL
-]

A BAS.

iaruin dia chrich budhcin

ainlaidh sin

in rigan mar aen ris. Conidh doruc Ercuil buaidh foma mnaibh mcrcalma

milcta sin
JM5

-j

reliqua.

1150

Dala Ercuil iar sin ro imthigh ruinie a crichaibh na i dorone Aeneus .i. airdrigh in tire sin anoir urgairdiughudh don righmilidh .i. do Ercuil. Ocus ro badar da ingin ag Aeneus .i. Dianira Gorge (275b) a n-anmanna, nir lugha gradh tuc Dianira gradh adhbulmor do Ercuil Ercuil di-si, 1 nir innis cechtar acu da clieile c. Tangadar iarum techta o Aitilas d'iaraidli a ingine do bancheile fair .i. Dianira;
Calidoine,
] -] -] -]

"55

1160

1165

Ocus ) atpert mina fagbhadh d'ais hi co fuighedh ar eigin. adubhairt Aeneus co tibhradh freagra forna techtaibh iamamarach. Ocus ro bui Aeneus co bronach begmenmach aga tur ina menmain cred in freagra dobheradh se forna techtaibh. lama airiugh[udh] sin d'Ercuil co roibhi bron for Aeneus ro innis do o tus co deiredh. ro fiarfaigh fochuin a broin de, " " Cred dodenuir-si air sin ? Ocus atpert Ercuil ar se. " " Ni tiubar-sa m'ingen do," ar se, uair Adubhairt Aeneus is ri fallsa firbregach dimbuan dian drochbertach he, gid edh ata a uaman orm, uair is eidir leis mo dith do denum." " " DobheV-sa mo la bagha lat," ar se, ar Atpert Ercuil son gach anora da tucuis damh. Ocus adeirim rit gach uair bes in coir agud na hob irgal." At techt an lae iamamarach adubhairt Aeneus re techtaibh Aitilais nach tibhradh se [in ?]
-]
: :

-|

ben doibh.

Ro imgedar na

osluic Ercuil seinistir ar

techta. Ocus aroile la iar sin ro dochunnaicc se taebh in dunaidh,

-j -]

Dianira a n-erber aluind uaingech,

si

co

mbron

-]

co

mimen-

Ocus ro bui Ercuil "70 mar sin di-si, fos nir miadh lais scela d'innisin di no co ndemadh se gnim greannmur gaiscid ina fiadhnuise. Ocus nir chian iar sin gur gabh Aitilas cuan isin crich sin co n-ilimud righdamhna mar aen ris. Adubhairt Aeneus re sluaghaibh na Cailidoine beith co crodha coscarthach in la sin. Ocus do"75 rinde da cath do sluaghaibh na Cailidoine an treas cath d'Ercuil dona Gregachaibh. Ocus dochuaidh Ercuil ] na Ocus an uair tuc se cath d'Aitilas. Gregaigh sa cedcath, immorro docunnaicc Aeneus imud na lamh ag ludhi for Ercuil tanicc cona dirmadliuibh (276a) deghsluaigh dia "80 cabhair, do cuiredh iarum in cath co dichra dasachtach idir na deghlaechuib. Cidh tracht ro brisedh in cath co foirtill
la
seirci for Ercuil.
-j
-j -]

moin moir

truma a

-]

-j

H.2.7, 275a 34

276a

3.

Sommer

pp. 370

8.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

63

he departed to his own country with the queen. Thus was Hercules victorious over those brave, warrior-hke women,
etc.

As for Hercules then he departed into the country of Calydon, and Oeneus, the king of that country, received the Now royal warrior Hercules with honour and rejoicing. Oeneus had two daughters, Deianira and Gorge by name and Deianira fell deeply in love with Hercules, while Hercules was as deeply in love with her but neither told the other. Then messengers came from Achelous demanding his {i.e., and he said that if he Oeneus') daughter Deianira to wife did not get her willingly he would get her by force. And Oeneus said he would give the messengers an answer on the morrow. And Oeneus was sad and dispirited, seeking in his mind for an answer to give the messengers. When Hercules perceived that Oeneus was sorrowful he asked him the cause of his sorrow, and he told him from beginning to " end. And Hercules said What wilt thou do about this " matter ? "I will not give him my daughter, Oeneus said for he is a false, lying, capricious, harsh, evil-doing king, and yet I am afraid of him, for he is able to destroy me." " Hercules said I will give thee my day's fighting for the sake of all the honour thou hast done me. And I say to thee, whenever thou art in the right do not refuse battle." The next day Oeneus told the messengers of Achelous that he would not give them a wife (the woman ?). The messengers departed. And on a certain day after that Hercules opened a window in the side of the fortress and saw Deianira in a beautitul, lonely arbour, sorrowful and greatly dispirited from the And Hercules had the greatness of her love for Hercules. same feelings towards her, but did not think it meet to declare his love till he should have done a fierce deed of valour in her presence. And not long after that Achelous landed in
;
; ;
:

that country, accompanied by many princes. Oeneus told the hosts of Calydon to be brave and victorious that day. And he divided the hosts of Calydon into two battalions, and made a third of Hercules and the Greeks. And Hercules and the Greeks entered the first engagement and gave battle to Achelous. And when Oeneus saw that many hands were turned against Hercules he came to his rescue with his
excellent battalions, and the battle furiouslv between the fine warriors.

was waged eagerly and At all events Achelous

64

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.

dia muindtir

tirarrachta for Atilas i ro theith se co firluath conar mliair mar aen ris cum a long, i do marbhadh da mili
la sin la

dcg an
11S5

hErcuil do muindtir Aitilais.

Atpert Ercuil

CO lonfadh sc Aitilas ar muir, i nach bcradh sc do sluaghaibh Ro gluais roime asa haithli, 1 ro gab cuan lais acht da ced. a crich ] a caemfherund Aitilais. Ro bui Aitilas in n-inbhuidh
sin ar taiglib a dunaidh, -\ dochunnaic sc in began buidhni fein ro a[g] gabhail cuain, 1 ro aithin corob ina thoraighccht

1190

ro greis a muindter cuca dia malairt. Ocus doconuicc badar, ro ghab uaman iat uli fcr dib Ercuil cona luirg iamaidhi, ni fhuair Ercuil ro dunsat dorus in tuir orra, aca fhaicsin,
]
-] -] -;

"95

baeghal in tuir seocha. Dorindedh iarum ced tapr caemalaind ciara re cuic la deg diaigh a ndiaigh la hAit[i]las, 1 do teighedh Ercuil gach lae
risin

re sin coruigi in caislen ina roibhi Atilas, i ni fhuair

1200

a baegal. Is ann sin do chuir Aitilas lucht luingi ar muir a do lasadar in ced ta.pur ro bui n-eidirmedhon na haidchi, acu ar aenslighi ar comair muindtiri Ercuil. Ocus roba machtnughudh menman leo in tsoillsi sin d'faicsin, 1 rob ingnath leo e. Ocus ro eirigh Ercuil aran traigli da fhechain, 1 nir cian do ann in tan tainicc Aitilas ina dhocum 1 mili fer n-armach mar aen ris don taebh araill dibh. Ocus ro fhech
-]

1205

1210

1215

ro ghreis a muindter im calma do denum, 1 ro sabh srainti sloigh, 1 ro ghabh se do beimennaibh brigmara borbnertmara forra co torchuir da ced dib don cuindsgleodh sin. Ocus atpert Ercuil rena muindtir calmacht do denum, co rachadh fein d'iaraidh uaingis in caislein ina roibhe (276b) Aitilas dia gabhail. Ocus ni cian do rainic ro thogaibh a lamh don in tan tarrla a mescc na slogh e, da cli, tsail iarnaidhi con ndema raen rofhairsing da deis roba dithmar lucht cathrach Patriarce don gleo sin Ercuil. Ocus ro ela[i]dh Aitilas iar maidhm da muindtir, i ro gabh Ercuil in righacht sin co himlan itir cathraigh caistiall, i Ercuil immorro iar forba na dorad in rigi sin d'i\eneus.

Ercuil orra
glac fein in

-\

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

ngnim

sin

irapuighis
-]

co

Calcidoni

co

mbuaid
-]

coscair

-]

1220

a dha ingin docuaidh Aeneus ina docum comaidhmi, mar aen ris .1. Dianira Gorge. Ocus ro fhersad failti co michur muindterach re hErcuil. Is ann sin ro iar Ercuil Dianira do banceile for Aeneus. Ocus roba luth la h Aeneus in t-aithesc sin, tucadh Dianira do ar feis laime leapa, dorindedh a mbanais, i do luidh le asa haithle.
-| -]
-]

H.2.7 276a 3

276b

18.

Sommer

pp. 378

85.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

fled

65

was strongly and valorously defeated, and he

with
all

very quickly

who survived

of his

men

to his ships,

and Hercules

thousand of Achelous' men that day. Hercules would pursue Achelous by sea, and that he would And he bring with him a force of two hundred only. then set out, and landed in the country and fair territory of Achelous was at that time on the battlements Achelous. of his fortress, and he saw the small force landing, and seeing that they had come in his pursuit he urged on his men to and one of them saw Hercules with his iron destroy them and they all became afraid when they saw him and club, shut themselves in behind the gate of the tower, and Hercules was unable to effect an entry past it into the tower. Then Achelous made a hundred handsome wax tapers in fifteen days one after the other. And Hercules went every day during that time to the castle in which Achelous was and
killed twelve

said that he

could not take him by surprise. Then Achelous sent sailors out to sea in the middle of the night, and they lit the hundred And tapers they had together in front of Hercules' men. they wondered at seeing that light, and were surprised at And he it, and Hercules went to the sea shore to look at it. had not been there long when Achelous approached him with and a thousand armed men from the opposite direction Hercules looked at them and urged his men to fight bravely. And he himself seized the host-destroying staff and plied them with strong, vigorous blows, so that two hundred of them fell And Hercules told his men to fight bravely, in that onset. and that he himself would seek out the secret place of the castle where Achelous was, that he might take him prisoner. And before he had gone far he found himself in the midst of the hosts, and he laid his hand to the iron staff and cleared and the townsmen a wide track to his right and to his left
;

much loss through that fighting of Hercules'. And Achelous escaped after his men had been defeated, and
of Patras suffered

Hercules took the whole kingdom, city and castle, and gave the sovereignty of it to Oeneus. Then Hercules, after completing those deeds, returned with victory and triumph to Calydon, and Oeneus came to meet him with his two and they welcomed Hercules daughters, Deianira and Gorge Then Hercules asked Oeneus for the and affably. kindly
;

hand of Deianira. And Oeneus was rejoiced at that request and Deianira was given to him in full wedlock, and their wedding-feast was held and he lay with her after that.

66
Tar
i2zi

STAIR ERCUIL
ois

-]

BAS.

na

ii-ilgnim sin

do dciium d'Ercuil roloduir cona

Lcruc.
Catliair
-]

lUrinadhuibh deghsloigh co n-ilimud n-oir i n-indmuis

sidhc

co

slogh 1 lath ngaile, i ri Dorala d'Ercuil i dia muindtir riachtain don cathraigh sin. imcomairces each didiu sloigh na cathrach sin co hErcuil, Ro innis in ri do Ercuil torathar sccla diaroile dibh.
-]

co n-ilimud ngloinidhe, Dorala immorro allata uasal uirre.

-]

ngem

1230

ingnathach do torachtain ina

"
tir,
-j

roba doaing decrach

do neoc[h], gemadh fili no fellsam Areolae [h], triall fhaisneisi ind adhfhuath angide na beiste bithgharbc buanolcuighi
-]

etrocuir

i-35

ind torathar namdighi, tulborb, trennertmar n-ecennuis dorala ina tir, co ndeilb ndaenna athaigh naimdighi Is co fuath dragunda foran leth n-ale. fora hagaidh
-|

in

-\

-j

lama laechda lancalma le, amlaidh immorro fil sidhe cosa calma coimnertmara eon n-ingnibh langera leoganda,
-]

-j

1 fiaela

codad coianuidhe co
i-!4o

fircalma forniata dathghranna ina cinn, 1 bot cruaidh (277a) ceteora tToighidh trenmiledh

ina fod, [-]] finnfadh fada firamnas forniata amail ehraeibach Is amlaidh sciach no amail eo graine no aittinne f uirre. immorro fil in torathar trenfoburtach sin cona luirigh thruim

i-'45

threndualaigh ria cues ] lethansciath s^cA/fhilltech fria gualaind, clogadceinnbeirt cethairfheochair comnart a[c] arm ingnathach arrachta oire[gh]da ace .i. coimed a cinn, gerfaebrach gabaltach, co mbalclan di doit miledh glaede
-]

a n-imthachmang a shamhtaigi. comba cloidem bidhbhadh,

-j

Com[b]a
fri
-]

biail fri

buantescadh
-j

cirrbadh curad,

comba

tuadh
1250

comba hord fri hurrluigi tescadh trenmiledh, comba sab srainti sochraidi in trenarm angidi arderradh, " acht ingnathach sin. Cidh fil ann tra," ol an ri fri hErcuil,
fri
-\

ro crin

1-255

na cennacha inda(?) na tirtha 1 ro fhasaigh ro ort a ndaine a n-indili, conach leicenn a comnesam, huaman na [a] hurecla d'uathadh curadh nd eathmiledh ascnamh na tirea acht mina thecmadh ilceda a[c ?] comhdin aroile." ro lin Dorad Hercuil buidhechus na sceol sin frisin rig, luth lanmor i bruth brig a huilea ballai don aithesc sin ro chan in ri fris. Uair iss edh ba gnathdaladh ] ba menmarc
-] -]
-]
-]

-]

1260

la hErcuil

.i. cech inadh a cluinedh olc difuluing andlighedh ecortach riachtain dia scris dia dibirt ar ais no ar eigin. Iss edh itpert Ercuil co rachadh se isin maidin amamarach
-]
-]

do comruc

frisin

torathar hisin.
19 277a

Dianira immorro
toirrsi
-]

.i.

[ban-?]
hi iar

seitee Her[cuil], rola

H.2.7, 276b

gudha
32.

-]

tromgheran
pp.

Sommer

389

91.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

67

After Hercules had accomplished all those deeds he went with his battalions of fighting-men to Lema. This was a

much gold and treasure and precious stones, and numerous hosts and warriors, and governed by a noble and renowned king. Hercules and his men arrived at that city. Moreover Hercules was met by the hosts of the city, and each asked tidings of the other. The king told Hercules that a wonderful monster had come to his country, "a monster such that it would be hard and difficult for anyone, though he were poet or learned
city containing

philosopher, to describe the rough, evil-doing beast, the wicked, merciless inspirer of terror, the hostile, impetuous, powerful monster, the fierce, untameable prodigy' with a human face and the rest of it in the form of a dragon which had appeared in his country. Moreover, it has warlike,

paws and fierce, powerful feet with sharp, lion-like and fearsome, dangerous, discoloured teeth in its head, and a hard, tough, horny (?) tail four warrior's feet It has long, ruthless, dangerous hair on it like the long.
terrible

claws,

branches of a thorn-bush or like the spine of corn or of furze. Moreover that strong, aggressive monster has a heavy, strongly-woven breastplate next its hide, and a broad, seven-fold shield on its shoulder, a square, very strong helmet-headdress protecting its head, and it has a wonderful, powerful, noble weapon, namely a sharp, aggressive sword, the circumference of whose handle would stretch to the full the two hands of a warrior. That strong, wicked, wonderful weapon is as it were an axe to hew enemies, a sword to hack warriors, an axe to hew mighty fighting-men, a sledge to beat down high champions and a staff to rout an army. " In short," said the king to Hercules, it has devastated and laid waste the countries and provinces in its vicinity and killed their people and herds. So that for fear and terror of it no single warrior or soldier will approach the country, but only when there are many hundreds for mutual protection (?)." Hercules thanked the king for those tidings, and his whole body was filled with great vigour and energy and strength by that speech which the king had made to him. For Hercules' usual business and pleasure was, wherever he heard of
intolerable evil or unrighteous tyranny, to go and destroy and do away with it either peacefully or by force. So Hercules

said that he

would go next morning to fight with that monster. However, Deianira, Hercules' wife, became sad and sorrow-

68
1265

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.

in
I 1

tingealladh Ilercuil do chur in comruic ar madain, ger dimain I'iloct's didiu ro bui hi[c] comdingna na rigna gcs di.

echta aithesca hica cennsughudh d'fuiglibh algenuibh, ardgnima Ercuil ca faisneis di feibh dorone riam, 1 nir
]
-]

feirrdi
1:70

dho, uair nir tuil acht a[g

?]

guda

-]

hi[c

?]

toirrsi

-\

hie tromncimcile co

madain.
-]

1275

1280

ro ghabh Atracht Hercuil hi crepuscul na maidni iarurn, ro gluais a fritheing (277b) in tseda docum a armgaiscedh, Palus .i. ainm ind luicc hi mbui ind torathar. Ocus comchruinn teora mili do theeemadli ina feib speire boi in luce sin, dubhloch iHmud uarana 1 uiscedha ind, imtaehmong, beg duaibseeh ina medon, 1 inis mbicc for lar in locha, airm hi codladh an beist. Oeus is edh didiu robo eomainm di ind inbhaidh sin .i. Idir, uair Idir ainm don uisei isin Oeus Monstrae a hainm foraill. lar Ghreigbelradli. roehtain didiu do Ercuil du a mbui ind torathar ro thene Dia fris, ei[dh] be doeidhfedh ind sealladh CO forniata fair.
]
-]

-]

-|

angidhe

dana
1285

in dasaeht

adhuathmar dorad in beist for Hercuil, robadh robadh ard in 1 roba ealma in croidhi
-]

t-aignedh ennech isin chruinne triall indsaighi forind arracht ein eeda 1 ein cethema do n-ingnathaeh hisin cin catha do churadhaib calma coimnertmara roighne laech lancadad Uair ni hica imcoimed, cenmotha Ercuil do shinnrudh.
-] -]

tarrla ris

riam d'arracht nd d'anmannaib heccennais, etar

-]

1290

bledhmil muirida, leogan ticcris, matghamain 1 dragun, cur unocorn, etar foghmoir cathmik'^A, ethach gribh ennech ro aghasdar. arderrad 1 fogmoir Atracht immorro in beist a n-aghaidh Ercuil ina raen
-]

-|

-]

-\

roarrachta rethai.
1295

lar roehtain shesam fria. do glor daenna fri hErcuil, no mormenma ro thogluais
"
si.

Ercuil didiu ro fothaighesdar ina certaroile doibh ro labhair in beist "

-]

is

edh

itpert

Cisi miciall

in

foghmoir im aghaidh
-\

"
?

ol

h'ecora fort-sa," for Ercuil. dighailt h'anndlighidh Imcomairces in torathar cisi slonnud no hainm no hatharrdai
Is

Do

do.
1300

edh didiu ra raid Hercuil

1

"Do

Ghregaibh

mo

bunadhcinel,
"
se,

"

-]

in fetar tusa in dal i hi (?) ? Ercuil," ar an beist, " " Ni fetar emh," for Ercuil. Cohlidhi 1 ceist lagim-si (278a)

mac Ampitrionis atamcomnaicc," ol do comruc rit-sa romnug arm so in tshinnrudh." " "
Ercuil

1305

him dhocum, 1 in ti dano nach tuicenn an caingen sin ortaim 1 muguighim don cedruathar he. Dia n-ernea immorro ind ccoibli^Ai leccim imclogh co sidhamail do. Tusa didiu curfed-sa ceist fort, 1 dia cuimgi
for cech n-aon dorala
H.2.7, 277a 32

278a

6.

Sommer

pp. 390

i.

LIFE
ful

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

69

and

full

of complaint

because of Hercules' promise to

fight in the morning, though it was in vain that she forbade Moreover Philoctetes tried to comfort the queen and it.

soothe her with soft words, and related to her the exploits and sayings and great deeds of Hercules, as many as he had ever done, but his efforts went unrewarded, for she did not

but sorrowed and grieved and mourned till morning. Then Hercules rose up in the early dawn, and took his arms and went off along the road to Palus, the place where the monster was. And that place was circular like a sphere and three miles in circumference, and contained many wells and springs and a dark, gloomy little lake in the middle, and a small island in the middle of the lake where the beast " " Now its name at that time was Hydra, for hydra slept. water in Greek, and Monstra was its other is the name for name. When Hercules reached the place where the monster was it looked fiercely at him. And God is witness that if any had seen the wicked, terrible look which the monster gave Hercules, headstrong were the fury and brave were the heart and high were the courage of anyone in the world who would attempt to approach that wonderful monster without regiments and battalions and companies of chosen, unyielding warriors and brave, strong fighting-men to guard him, except Hercules only, for he had never met monster or untamed beast, whether sea-serpent, lion, or tiger, bear or
sleep,

dragon, griffin or unicorn, centaur, warrior or soldier, giant, great warrior or ogre of whom he was afraid. The monster rose up and ran powerfully to meet Hercules. But Hercules solidly and erectly stood his ground against it. When they had reached each other the monster spoke to " What stupidity Hercules with a human voice and said or great courage has moved this giant to come against me ? " To avenge thy tyranny and unrighteousness on thee," said Hercules. The monster asked him what was his surname or " Hercules said first name or fatherland. My family is of the
: :

and Hercules son of Amphitryon it is (desire) to fight with thee that has brought me to this " " dost thou Hercules," said the dragon, particular place." " " I do not, know the matter thou must deal with ? (?) " A problem and question which I put indeed," said Hercules. to everyone who comes to me, and I kill and slaughter at the But if first rush him who does not understand that matter.
Grecian stock, and
I

am

he solve the problem

allow

him

to depart in peace.

Now

70

STAIR ERCUIL
di

A BAS.
-]

m
1310

13J5

mina dernuir hitbath dobiur maithcm n-anacail dot, Uair ro ortasf-sja ilmili do lathaibh gaile na tiri-si ind tsainnnighudh do ncoch nar thuic mo caingcn, uair cidli daine ar ai fhuatha is [anmjanna indligthecha ar ai n-ecna." Ro cuir iarum ceist for Hercuil, i ro eim Hcrcuil co firglic Dorone in torathar repiticion firamiias in coiblidhi sin. dorone arrgamint dorad solaid ina ndebairt, for Ercuil, Ro badar for da teora a n-aghaidh Ercuil do tsinnrugluidh. atliaigli fada oc tacra co firglicc icllsamanta foculaith frifocedoir.
-]

-j

arole,

gur coisced in beist samlaidli.

:

13-0

1325

La soduin didiu hitbert Ercuil Coscem d'imarecc ar mbcolu budesta, i fromum imairecc ar lamb." Is inbecbtain ma rainicc fuin na himagallma sin la hErcuil ind tan(n) ros buail an toratliar corcin (?) di bheim n-amnas n-etroccar for Ercuil .i. beim timcill don erbull chrwaidh cadada comremar comnuidi ina thimthachmang ar medhon, ] buille don glaedhe Ro cuiredh Ercuil da ait ghergoirt guasachtmor ina cenn. da fhothai don trenbeim sin, 1 is [sjuaill nar trascradh e.
-]

"

1330

1335

doronsat Adraigh Ercuil co foirtill fircalmai ina haghaidh, imairecc anntrennta comrucc fichdai fomiatai fedhmlaidir, ogulborb, 1 urluidhi danai diumsach diircraidemail fri hathaidh Ercuil didiu rob ingnathach les aennech a ndeoigh foda. dilenn do iothadh ina agaidh amlaidh sin. Ocus dorad beim ro crechtnuigedh ndiglai don torathar coro these in cathbarr, in beist co hadhbul de. Atracht immorro bruth (278b) na gona isin torathar, 1 ro daisedh impea, coro lin bruth brigh Ocus ro fuabair co faelscuchadh feirge firgairbe ind. fircalma 1 co nertmar naimdighi inn ti Ercuil, ro bui hica forrach co firamnas do threinbeimennaibh tailci tulborbai tulamuis. Dia fris, robadh mor ind t-a[dh]bhar lutha d'escairdib Ercuil a shealladh isin morgabha^A sin hi robea,
-j

-]

-j

-]

-]

-]

-j

ro
1340

damna gudai

-]

toirrsi dia chairdib a tencsain isin

moreigin

sin.

Deilir on, uair ni tharla frisin torathar sin riam do chathaibh nd do cedaibh, do thriathaib nd do threnfheruib,

1345

do laechaibh nd do lathaibh gaile cidh heith da linmairecht nach cinnfed forrai. Dorad in beist niathbeim curadh do Hercuil coro these in cathbarr, dorad immorro tinfedh theinedh asa dibh rose do[n] nertbeim sin. Ocus ni ro bualadh for Ercuil riam builli a baramail sin. Ercuil immorro atracht a luindi leomhain n a ainbfine onchon a adhuath
-] -1

H.2.7, 278a 7

278b

19.

Sommer

pp. 391

3.

LIFE
I will I will

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

;

71

ask thee a question, and if thou canst answer any of it and if thou answer it pardon thee and spare thy life for I have killed many thousands not thou shalt die at once
;

stand

of the warriors of this particular country who did not underfor though men in form they are brutish question

my

Then it put a question to Hercules, beasts in intelligence." and Hercules solved that problem very cleverly and cunningly.

The monster subjected Hercules to an examination and gave solutions to all he said, and argued about two For a long time they were limits (?) against Hercules. arguing cleverly and philosophically and keenly with each other till the monster was silenced in that way. " Let us cease from wordy Thereupon Hercules said conflict now and test each other in feats of arms." Hardly had Hercules finished this speech when the monster struck .... two cunning, merciless blows at Hercules, one circular blow with the hard, unyielding, stout, horny(?) tail around his middle, and a(nother) blow with the keen, biting, danHercules was put from his place gerous spear at his head. and position by that strong blow and was nearly thrown down. Hercules rose strongly and bravely against it [i.e., the monster), and they waged fierce, valiant, strenuous combat and rough, violent contest and bold, proud, hardhearted battle for a long time. Hercules, moreover, was
:

surprised that anyone since the flood should thus withstand him. And he struck the monster a vengeful blow which
clove through the helmet, and the monster was grievously wounded thereby. Enraged by its wound, the monster became filled with madness and fury and strength and boiland it attacked Hercules bravely and ing, fierce anger and vindictively, and plied him cunningly with powerfully
;

strong, rough, impetuous, onrushing blows. God is witness that it were a great source of joy to Hercules' enemies to
see
it

him in that great danger in which he was involved, and were a cause of sorrow and grief to his friends to see him in that terrible extremity. That were credible, for there had never come against that monster battalions or hundreds, chieftains or mighty men, warriors or fighting-men, however numerous, whom it had not vanquished. The monster dealt Hercules a valorous warrior's blow which pierced his helmet, and gave forth fiery breath from its eyes with that powerful stroke, and never before had such a blow been struck at
Hercules.

But Hercules'

lion's

rage and hero's fury and

72
crrad
1350

STAIR ERCUIL
i

BAS.

s(MKiirt

a chruas churadh i a mcnma milcdh ind, uair ba sircalnia ind ti Ercuil in gach cigindal Ocus dorad builli miledh don arracht airsidccht. fri gacli doclo togaibh in t -arracht in sciath dia arsc[l]aidhe, 1
soitrocli
-] -]

rala in builli a mbili

dhelaigh an sciath,
1355

euro uachtarach in sceith coro dluidh nir fagaibh ed n-ordlaigh ina cenn cen
-]

1360

1365

brughadh 1 cin minughudh, ctar cnaim 1 incinn, co torchuir (locum talman cin anmain, cor ro ort samlaidh la hErcuil. ro indis Ro impogh Ercuil for culu iar sin don cathraigh, rodaine, don righ in morgnim sin. Atrachtsat didiu ruiri treoin i toisigh na cathrach do fechain in torathair hisin, an t-uathfas Ico selladh fuirre fora 1 roba mor in t-uaman Uair ro badar .x. troighti Ercuil fora grain. hadhuath i in oired cedna ina lethad. La soduin didiu doina fad dotor tenedh trithinruaidhe, radhne Ercuil breo telcha Ocus roine idhbuirt don abach forin teinidh samlaidh. foran arracht hitpertsat na fiUdh co rabhadar secht cind sin. Ocus is amlaidh ro thuic Senica sin corb iad cinn na
-] -]
-j -] -]

-]

n-eladhan saer ro bui co h(279a)aidme eolach aici Conidh e comhruc Ercuil re Monstrae connicci sin.'
sechi

sin.

Atens
1370

dochuaidh co cathraigh fhagaib Ercuil in cathair sin ro bui seal innti .i. in cathair ina roibhi Tesius, ag denum forceduil isna heladnaibh saera do scoluibh na An tan ba crich sin, sel ele ag munudh gaiscid doibh.
-|
-]

Do

-]

hullam isna cerduibh sin iat ro fhagaibh iat, don cathraigh re n-aharr Ligsi isin Ghreig, forcedul cedna do scoluibh na cathrach sin
1375

1
-]

docuaidh
dorindi in

-]

do

lucht

foghluma
iar
sin,

in gaiscidh.
-|

Afraicci, -j innti .i. colun poinnigi primdaingin prais,

na Greige dochuaidh roime san Espain coruigi in muir ro shaith cetra colamna certa cudruma comora
fagaib in trenmile cricha
-] -|

Ro

colun minalainn
-]

marmuil,
1380

colun cadaddaingen criadh loisc[th]e, arrachta iarnaidhi. Ocus ro ordaigh a fuath fein fo miadhamla 1 fo maisi a colun dibh, 1 ro bui sgribfa a colun ele dibh " Na heirgedh aenduine don Adhamhcloinn d'iaraidh tire
-]

colun

1385

no talman don taebh araill dibh so. Uair ni full talam ann." Ocus do tinnscain Ercuil cathair do denum isin tir sin, Sibil a hainm. Ocus in tan tra ro airigh Aitilas Hercuil ag denum na cathrach ro delbh se co heladhnach le hesdroluicce ama nellaibh nach e Ercml do chrichnochadh in cathair sin. Ocus do scuir Ercuil do denum na cathrach leis sin reliqua.
-i

-j

H.2,7, 278b 19

27ga

31.

Sommer

pp. 393

4,

395

7.

LIFE
warrior's
soldier's

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

;

73

mighty

and fighting-man's sternness and rose in him for Hercules was strong and courage and brave in every dangerous situation and in every
fearsomeness

And he dealt the monster a warrior-like blow, and the monster raised the shield to ward it off, and the blow fell on the upper edge of the shield and split and clove it, and left not an inch of its (i.e., the Hydra's) head which it did not bruise and reduce to smiall pieces, bone and brain, so that
feat of valour.
it fell lifeless

to the earth,

and was

killed thus

by

Hercules.

Then Hercules turned back

deed to the king.

to the city, Moreover the lords

and related that great and nobles, the strong

men and

and they were

accormt of
its

leaders of the city came out to look at that monster, in great fear and terror in looking on it on
;

fearsomeness and ugliness for measured by it was ten feet long and of the same width. Then Hercules lit a great fire, a red-blazing tower of flame, and sacrificed the entrails on the fire and according to the poets that monster had seven heads. And Seneca took this to mean the seven liberal arts in which it was skilled and accomHercules' foot
;

plished.

And

that

is

Hercules' fight with Monstra thus far.

to the city of Athens, the he stayed for a time teaching the liberal arts to the schools of those regions, and stayed a further space and taught them prowess in arms. When they had fully acquired those arts he left them and went to the city called Lycia in Greece and taught the same to the schools of that city and to those learning the art of arms. The great warrior then left the land of Greece and pursued his way through Spain as far as the African Sea. And he planted four straight, equal, matched colunms there, one
left

Hercules

that city

and went

city where Theseus was.

And

strong, firm

column
;

of

brass, one smooth, fair

column

of

marble, one hard, secure column of baked earth, and a powerful column of iron and he ordered an image of himself (to be placed) on one of the columns in honour and beauty. And there was written on another of them " Let no one of Adam's race go to seek land or country on the other side of these for there is no land there." And Hercules began to build a city in that country called Seville, and when Atlas heard that Hercules was building the city he foretold by the clouds through his great skill in astrology that it was not
:

Hercules

who should

finish that city.

And

with that Her-

cules stopped building the city, etc.

74

STAIR ERCUIL
Do
bill
ri

-|

BAS.
in

cingidhi ctroccar isin

Espain

n-inbhaidh sin

1390

cUtrindi

da

hrcid sinli saraighthi don Afraicc uli, da slad ro bliadar dias dcrbhrathar l"irit)n a ainm, sarughiul.
so
-j

Ocus aid, 1 roba righ acfuindcch urrunta gach aon dibh. ro badar in triar toicthech trcnnertmur sin comolc in gach Uair rob e uilc mithaem, 1 donidis toil a ceile in each cas.
1395

an egoir in t-ainddlighedli mi'an gach acin a fogus fon uih doman cgoir (-79b) Doclos a cein Do chosaid Afer gnimartha na fer sin re hErcuil, in trir sin. uair ro bui inghen Afeir na mnai ac Ercuil an cein ro mair
in

inignim

-)

-]

dibh.

-]

1400

1405

1410

1415

1420

Dala Ercuil immorro ba medughudh menman do clos. Do chuir iarum Ercuil tinol ara ara thromshochraidi, i dochuaidh d'innrugh theglach 1 d'argain na hEspaine, i do ghabh cuan co coimn^rt ag diinadh ri na hEspaine an la sin. Ocus is ann ro bui in cathair sin laim re sruth adbulmor. Ocus ro bui ri na hEspaine an la sin ar ardmur na cathrach ag silledh na scnfhairrgi do gach nir cian do ann co facaid in loinges lethan lanmor taebh, ina docum, roba liith leis a faiccsin do mian cathaighti friu. Ro deisigh Cirion a cabhlach co prap, docuaidh ar dia muir a comdhail Ercuil 1 na nGregach dia ndichur n-indarbadh. Ocus fuair se luingin beg aran tracht ara cinn, 1 fochtuis scela dibh .i. d'foirind na luingi, ce hiat " ca as a tangadar. Gregaigh Atpertsat an fhoirinn " Ercuil mac Aimpitrionis do chuir cugad-sa sinn," ar siat, sinn dia erbadh fort gach ainndlighed dia ndernais aran Afraicc do lesughudh riu budesta, no cath do fhreagra do do dighail h'egora ort. Ro fergaighedh in ri don aithesc sin, "Is dana diumsach is econn ainbfesach 1 is edh adubhairt d'Ercuil na briathra sin do radh. Ocus beirim-si a buidhechus rem deibh Ercuil d'faghail a n-inadh na mbriathar sin do Uair da mbeinn-si co hegortach ni d'Ercuil dodigail fair.
si

roime

sin.

leis

na

scela sin

-j

-]

-[

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

1425

bheruind mo chertughudh, gid edli fos is docuir Hum sib Docuadar do leigin as tar eis in aithisc doradsabair." iarum na techta a comhdhail Ercuil, ro indsidar do freagra Roba luth la hErcuil na scela sin righ na hEspaine forra. do clos. Tanic Ercuil iar sin co prap primluath a comdhail
-]

fein

-]

(280a)

ri

na
-]

grainemhail forin muir.

hEspaine, 1 do fherudar gleo gaibthech cath niata naimdighi nemcharthanach reroile Ro glac immorro Ercuil a lorg iamaidhi, 1 ro

ghabh
1430

se

lethna

do beimennaibh buanolcacha bais for longaibh luchtmara lanmora righ na hEspaine, Indus co

H.2.7, 279a 32

280a

7.

Sommer

pp. 394

5,

397

400.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

75

Tliere was a wicked, merciless king in Spain at that time, and with phmder and outrage he had reduced Africa to a prostrate and devastated waste. Geryon was his name, and he had two brothers, each a wealthy, powerful king. And that wealthy, powerful trio were equals in every form of evil deed, and did each other's will on all occasions for their common desire was misdeed and injustice and tyranny. The injustice of these three was heard of near and
;

far

throughout the whole world.

Afer complained to Herfor Afer's

cules of the deeds of those

men,

daughter had

previously been the wife of Hercules till the time of her death. As for Hercules, he was overjoyed to hear those tidings. Then Hercules gathered together his following and his great army, and went to pillage and ravage Spain, and entered harbour in full force the same day beside the king of Spain's
fortress. That city was beside a huge river, and the king of Spain was that day on the high wall of the city scanning the sea on all sides. And before long he saw a wide-stretching,

huge fleet approaching, and he was glad to see the ships from desire to fight with them. Geryon hastily put his fleet in order and put to sea against Hercules and the Greeks in order to repel them and drive them away. And he found a small boat waiting for him on the shore, and he demanded information of the boat's crew, who they were and whence " We are Greeks, and Hercules, they came. The crew said
:

son of Amphitryon, has sent us to thee to

to

command

thee

the oppression thou hast wrought in their country, or to give him battle in order that he may be revenged on thee for all thy injustice." " The king was enraged at this answer and said Hercules, is bold and haughty and foolish and to say those ignorant words, and I thank my gods that I have Hercules here where I may avenge those words on him. For even were I an
to the Africans for
all
:

make amends

would not permit Hercules to correct me, and I even you escape after the answer ye have Then the messengers went to Hercules and given." related to him the answer given them by the king of Spain. Hercules was glad to hear those tidings. Then Hercules came quickly and speedily to meet the king of Spain, and they
evil-doer I

am

loth

to let

waged a

perilous,

hateful

conflict,

valiant,

vindictive

unloving battle with each other on the sea. And Hercules gripped his iron club and attacked the broad, well-manned, huge ships of the king of Spain with malignant, mortal blows,

-d

SIAIR EKCUIL

A HAS.

14J5

Ro mbaulliodh an long cona foirind a n-ichtar an aigein. bui (lidiu Cirion risin ro sin a[c] cnaimgherradh na nGrcgach. Ocns gid cdli fos torcuir dcithnebar laoch lancalma la liErcuil fan for dar thuit la Cirion. Ro muigh in cath roim na Gregachaibh T docuadar Gregaigh a tir dia n-aimdheoin ama hEspainechaib.

H40

na hEaspaine in cathair, dochuaidh bhmthar do chosaid a esanora se Dochuaidh Ercuil iar sin docuni na cathrach dia friu. cuindscleo cruadhfuair cathughudh calma gabhail, Ocus o nach facadar lucht nertmar a hucht na cathrach. na cathrach cobhair no comfhurtacht cuca d'iaradar grasa Docuaidh for Ercuil, i tucadar iat fein cona cathraigh do. ro bui aca cuartughudh, Ercuil iarum ar rfh>d na cathrach, innti iama denum d'or aithleghtha, 1 dofuair delbh righ uasail

Ro

sechain

ri

-]

mar a ro(b)bhadar a
-]

dias

-\

-\

1445

cloidemh nocht ina laim,

egluis

huirtimcill, 1 delbha .xxx.

ridiri

amhra oire[gh]dha ina mar aen ria iama ndenum

-\

d'airged aengeal,
ele ina timcill.
sin.
1450

ilimud do dealbaibh i iad gan cind orra, Fochtuis immorro Ercuil fochain na ndealbh
"
fris
:

At pert

aroile

Ri merdanta mormenmach ro
"

1455

a bui isin cathraigh so," ar se, 1 do toitidar trichad righ ro ordaigh in ri cathaibh leis cona muindtir mar aon riu, delbh aluind oir do denum do budhein mar inncomartha delbha in trichad righ ardcennuis for each, impirechta ele do toit les do chur ina farrad mar comartha cuimnighthi fora cathreim. Is iat sin na scela ro fiarfaighis dim, a Ercuil,"
-]
-\

-]

ar an t-oglach. Dala Cirion .i. rina hAfraici

iarum do chuir da

se sluaigh aidble

ar aenslighi
is 1460

a dias derbrathar cona mui[n]dtir.

.i.

edh

lin

tangadar

.x.

mili

-\

.xx. mili

(280b) Ocus do laechraidh

- in lancalma. Ocus uighi .u. la ro bui itir Cirion fon am sin ina roibhi Ercuil. Ocus ro ghabh Cirion cuan iar sin cathair acan cathraigh ina roibi Ercuil, i ro fhuluing Ercuil la co n-aidhci foran cuan iat gan cathughudh friii, a ndoigh corob

1465

moidi dodendais na hAfraccaigh doigh de. Do shall Cirion nach roibi Ercuil na Gregaigh lin catha do thabhairt doibh uair ro bui Cirion ced curadh.cruadhcalma a n-aghaidh gach aein dia raibi a farrudh Ercuil. Tanic Cirion iarum cona sluaghaibh a tir ar faidhchi na cathrach, 1 ro ordaigh Ercuil
-]

1470

doirrsi in diinaidh d'foslughudh Is aim sin ro fhech Ercuil orra,

se

doronadh samlaidh. ba menmarc leis co mberadh buaidh orra acht ge bhadar ced fan fer do. Ocus ro erb
rempu,
-]

-j

H.2.7, 280a 7

280b

16.

Sommer

pp. 400

404.

LIFE
so that ship

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

77

and crew were sunk to the bottom of the sea. Moreover Geryon was at the same time hewing down the Greeks, and yet ten brave warriors fell by Hercules for every The Greeks won the battle one that fell by Geryon. and forced a landing against the Spaniards. The king of Spain, avoiding the city, went to where his two brothers were to complain to them of his dishonouring. Then Hercules went to take the city, and met with brave resistance and hard, powerful fighting from its defenders. And since the townspeople saw no help or assistance coming to them they threw themselves on Hercules' mercy and surrendered themselves and their city to him. Then Hercules went about the city, searching it, and found in it the statue of a noble king made of refined gold, with a bared sword in its hand and a wonderful, noble church around it, together with the statues of thirty knights made of silver of uniform brilliance, all headThen Hercules less, and many other statues around them.
inquired the reason for those statues, and a certain man said " There was a bold, courageous king in this city, to him and he killed thirty kings with their armies in battle, and the
:

self

king ordered a handsome statue of gold to be made to himas a sign of empire and supreme, absolute headship, and the statues of the thirty kings who had fallen at his hand

That is to be put beside it to commemorate his triumph. the information thou didst ask of me, Hercules," said the
warrior.

As for Geryon king of Africa [rede Spain), he brought huge hosts to join his two brothers and their followers. And their number was fifty thousand brave warriors and at that time there was a five days' journey between Geryon and Afterwards Geryon entered the city where Hercules was. harbour at the city where Hercules was, and Hercules suffered them to remain in the harbour for a day and a night without giving them battle, hoping that by so doing he would make the Africans more self-confident. Geryon thought that Hercules and the Greeks were not numerous enough to brave give them battle, for Geryon had a hundred hard, warriors for every one that was with Hercules. Then Geryon and his hosts landed at the open space before the city and Hercules ordered the gates of the fortress to be opened to them, and this was done. Then Hercules looked on them and his one desire was to vanquish them even though they outnimibered him by a hundred to one. And Hercules enjoined
;

78

STAIR ERCUIL

-]

BAS.
in la sin
isin

Ercuil fora muindtir calnia do

Is

dcmim

cath.

75

na liEspainnigh Ercuil a mesc a niuindtiri ara comartaibh .i. lorg imremar iarnaidhi, ) croicenn lancadad Icomuin, i moirgi mo[r]adhbhul do shroll dherg " Is beg in dathalaind. Alport Cirion iar n-aithne Ercuil do
ann
sin ro aillinigodar
:

1480

acan tron'nliadli ugud oirnc," ar se, diglum a a ainddlighcdh fair, i tabhram dubhruathar dana diunius diuruict^r a n-aeindasachtach ar aenslighi dia rochtuin, fecht do gach arm e itir gunna i sleigh ] shoigid, do clochuibh
cin ata
-j

"

-]

-]

-]

tairpthecha tabhall." Cid tracht, do fhreagradar na catha cechtardha sin a Tarrla immorro Ercuil ceile CO misgnech mirunach. do comraicsit co dichra brathair do Cirion da ceile isin cath,
-|

-]

1+S5

duthrachtach,
fair, 1

1490

1495

Ercuil builli don luirg iarnaidhi Ocus tanic Cirion d'fhurtacht a bhrathar ro screch se co hadhuathmar on cathmilidh, 1 ro scairt ac dul CO lathair do. Ocus do buail builli brighmar bithnertmar do glaeidhe ghcrghorm ghrainemail bui aici for Ercuil, innus gur ben tinntech as clogud in cathmiledh. Ocus do buailedh tuilledh da ced dairt ar aenslighi for Ercuil in tan sin, Docuadar iarum drecht dana do(r)frestail nir dhergadar fair. do ridiribh mera menmacha do muindtir Cirion le dremirib ro len Ercuil arda aidhble do dhul tar mur na cathrach, do mullach na cathrach iat CO prap 1 ro theilg do murthaibh iat CO ronortsat samlaidh. (281a) Is ann sin ro erigh brathair docuaidh Cirion asa neoll on methbuilli ro buail Ercuil fair,
-]

ro buail
e.

ro thrascair

-]

-]

-;

-]

-]

-]

fona Gregachaibh,
1500

1505

ghabh aga malairtt co mithrocar. docuaidh da rochtain, Ro fer[g]aigedh Ercuil de sin, do buail builli don luirg iarnaidhi fair. Ocus gid seitreach sircalma fuair, is g[an] anmain ro fagaibh. Cid tracht is ann sin do chuiredar na sluaigh a n-aighthi a n-aeinfecht ar do leigedar frasa fimeimnecha da n-armaib a Ercuil, n-aeinfecht cuigi, uair rob e a mian uli crii cuirp in cathmiledh do beith fo n-armaibh. Ro bui immorro Ercuil aca imdidin fein co fathach firglic foma feruibh fuathmara
1

ro

-]

-j

"I

firmiscnecha

sin.

Iar

clos

d'Ulixes

.i.

toisech

Gregach,

Ercuil do beith isin eigin sin, do chuir se Mailion .i. ridiri mermenmach dia chabhair co sloghaibh aidhbli mar aen
1510

o cathraigh Megida. Ocus is amlaidh fuaradar Ercuil mill .XX. marbh ina timcill o luathbuillibh lancalma na luirgi iarnaidhi ro bui aigi. Tangadar iarum in gasraidh ghreannmar gaesmur Ghrggach ina cipi comhdaingin catha
ris
-\

.X.

-]

H.2.7, 280b 16

281a

24.

Sommer

pp. 404

6.

LIFE
on
his

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

fight

79

followers to

bravely in the battle that day.

Then the Spaniards recognised Hercules among his men by his insignia, namely a stout iron club, and an impenetrable lion-skin, and a huge standard of fair red satin. When Geryon
Small is the respect yonder recognized Hercules he said let us avenge his haughtiness strong champion has for us and tyranny on him, let us rush on him together boldly and furiously, and let him be pelted simultaneously with all manner of weapons, with missile and spear and arrow and
:

"

with violent sling-stones." At all events those opposed forces engaged each other with hatred and fell purpose. Now Hercules and one of Geryon 's
brothers met together in the battle, and they fought eagerly and unshirkingly, and Hercules struck him with the iron club and knocked him to the ground. And Geryon came to save his brother from the warrior, and shouted and cried out
terribly while entering the fight.

And

he dealt Hercules a

strong, powerful blow with a sharp-blue, ugly sword which he had so that he drew sparks from the warrior's helmet and
;

more than two hundred darts were thrown simultaneously at Hercules at that time and did not wound him. Then a bold, irresistible band of swift, courageous knights from among Geryon's men went to scale the wall of the city with huge, high ladders, and Hercules followed them quickly and hurled them from the ramparts and top of the city so that they were killed thus. Then Ger3^on's brother rose out of the swoon (into which he had fallen) from the shattering blow which Hercules had dealt him and made for the Greeks, and began to slaughter them without mercy. That enraged Hercules and he went to him and struck him with the iron club, and strong and valiant as he was when Hercules reached him he was lifeless when he left him. Then the hosts turned together against Hercules and shot venomous showers of their missiles at him simultaneously, for they all desired that
weapons should be stained with the warrior's blood. However, Hercules was protecting himself skilfully and And cleverly against those hateful and vindictive men. when Ulysses, a Greek leader, heard that Hercules was in that plight he sent Malion, a courageous knight with great hosts from the city of Merida to help him. And they found Hercules with thirty thousand dead around him, killed by the quick, valorous blows of the iron club which he had. Then the fierce, skilled Greek band came in a solid battletheir
,

So
ina maindir
calina

STAIR ERCUIL

BAS.

1J15

1520

mercalma ina urtimchill, i do chuirsit in cath coimncrtmur for sloghaibh na liAfraicce. Do briscd ar (.Irion cona muindtir in tan sin. Is ann sin tuc Cirion builli forin mbarr mbuabhnill ro bui fo bhraigid, do theith CO hurrluni aibeil docuni in mara aen do mair gach Ercuil immorro iarna faicsin sin dia muindtir mar aen ris. " " A Mailion," ar se, fagaim coimcd na do is cdh ro raidh catlirach so agud, ] rachad-sa a toraighecht Cirion." Conidh sin in dara cath do chuir Ercuil for Cirion connicci [sin].
CO
-j
-]
:

1525

1530

1535

Dala Ercuil iar sin docuaidh se for muir morfairrgi a Teora la do ina deghaidh, ro imgedur ndeghaidh Cirion. ilimud do marannaibh garbha (281b) grainemla d'uiscibh " arda aduathmara risin re sin. At pert Cirrion iar sin Ro na ndee rind, ro imigh ar sen 1 ar toici eirigh ferg ata in mishen agar mescbuaidhredh. Ocus in buain[n], tan ro bui in toici linn ro bui sen oruind, uair nir beg duind ar lamha do chur romhuind do bhristi linn forar naimdibh. Ocus ata an cur aingidi etroccar acar lenmain co luthmar, atamaid-ni ced fan fer do. Ocus eirgein a tir budesta cathaigem co calma, 1 na teithedh aenduine buain[n] on Do ghabhudar cuan iar sin a purt na cathrach re gleo." n-a.han Corungue, do chuiredur innell crua[d]daingen catha
-[ -] -]
:

-j

-]

-|

-]

-j

-|

Fa treicen anma ] fa grenn grainemhail gaiscidh forra. ba buain ceille do chabhair fa dul a guasacht gabaidh n-agaidh ardanfaidh cur a n-aghaidh Cirioin cona mormuindtir
-] -\

fon
ij4o

am

sin.
-]

Dala Ercuil
sircalma

na nGregach
tiri,
-| -]

ro lensad Cirion co seitreach

1545

tugadar gasraidh Cirion frais do do gainnibh gera guasachtacha do gunnaibh greannmara do shlegaibh slip[th]a shoigdibh seghmara srubhghera sodiubruicci do clochuibh tai[dh]bhsecha a taidblibh do Ro badar immorro tri gach uih arm diubruice archena. huaire do 16 foran abairt sin nar lamhsatt Gregaigh adhaig
-] -]
-j -j

docum

ar

tir.

Is

ann
-|

imdaingen,
tiri.

sin ro glac Ercuil luingin arthrach lanbeg ro thoguibh seol fair, dorindi imrud docum
-[
-]

ij5o

lamh

caithedar immorro na Spainnigh ilmilti do liagaibh do clochuibh na talman re hErcuil, innus nar tigi cith cloichsnechta da tainic ona duilibh uachtaracha inaid clocha na caemtalman ag ergi do churp do caemcoluind in cathmiledh fon am sin. Do linudh in luingin co la[n]urrlum (282a) do clochuibh in caemmuighi fon am sin, innus co
-]
-]

Do

H.2.7, 281a 24

282a

I.

Sommer

pp. 406

10.

LIFE
line, in

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

8i

and

a valiant ring all round him, and battled bravely It was then powerfully against the African hosts.

that Geryon and his men were defeated. Then Geryon soimded a note on the trumpet which himg from his neck and fled quickly and swiftly towards the sea together with all those of his followers who survived. When Hercules saw " that he said Malion, I leave thee to guard this city, and That is the second battle I will go in pursuit of Geryon." which Hercules fought against Geryon thus far.
:

As

for Hercules

Geryon. He was three days pursuing over many rough, hateful seas and

then he went by sea and ocean in pursuit of him, and they travelled
in

many
:

waters during that time. Then Geryon said The anger of the gods has risen against us, and our luck and prosperity have departed from us, and misfortune is confounding us and when fortune was on our side we prospered, for it was enough that we should put forth our hands and we defeated our enemies. And the wicked, merciless warrior is pursuing us swiftly, though we outnumber him by a hundred to one. Now let us land and fight bravely, and let no one of us flee from the battle." Then they made harbour in the port of the city called Corunna. And they donned hard, impregnable
;

high, terrible "

And to battle-equipment and ugly fighting-accoutrements. oppose Geryon and his great men at that time would have been a giving up of life, a perilous danger, a despairing of help, a going against a great tempest. As for Hercules and the Greeks they followed Geryon strongly and bravely to land, and Geryon's men shot a shower
and keen, dangerous darts and swift (?), sharppointed arrows and polished, easily-hurled spears and huge stones from slings and every other kind of thro wing- weapon. Moreover, they continued in this procedure for three hours, so that during that time the Greeks did not dare to make for land. Then Hercules took a very small boat, a very strong vessel, and raised a sail on it and sailed for the shore. And the Spaniards threw many thousands of hand-stones and stones from the ground at Hercules, so that no shower of hailstones that ever came from the upper elements was thicker than (that of) the stones of the fair earth rebounding from the body and fair form of the warrior at that moment. Whereupon the boat was quickly filled with the gentle plain, so that it the stones of began to
of fierce missiles

S2
1555

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.

a croinn
1

roibhi in long ac tuitini a ndi)nuiin in aigein iar mbrisedh Ro lonnaighedh 1 a tacladli on toruindgles sin.

cirigh asan luing

1560

ro ro luathfhcrgaiged in righmilc co rechtaigeanntach, do Icim luthmar lanedrnm, -j ro turn ar

-]

tcoruind na tiurmtalman.
-]

Ocus do toguib

iar sin in susta

-]

in liber lanchalma luirgi re gualaind, scgniar soiniaraind ro ghabh ag ledairt ag lanmarbhadh na Spainncch gan aen ris. Ocus ciiidiiighudh carat na companach mar
-]

d'fcdfaidis ech

sruithlinntib
1565

arrachta

echrada snam co seitreach sircalma for fordeirgi fon am sin o laimh echtaigh Ercuil. Tangadar iarum .1. laech lanchalma
i

fola

1570

1575

d'ardmaitliibh na Greige ann sin d'aimhdlieoin d'uaislibh na Spainech. Ocus do chuiredar in cath co calma coimnertmar. Is ann sin do chuir Cirion a chlu co cedfadhach osna cathaibh, ro gabh sc ag luathledradh na nGregach innus co torcair .1. Dala Ercuil iarum torchair .u. mili laech lancalma Ics dib. fer n-armach n-incomluind leis dona Spainnechaibh a n-eruic Is ann sin ro ghreis Cirion in .1. Gregach sin do toit le Cirion. na a muindter im calma do denum a n-aighidh Ercuil i docuadar in tan sin ar Iar catha na nGregach nGregach, mar budh e mian gach aein dibh a malairt isin morgleo sin. Ro figedh iar sin in cath co discir dana dasachtach eturra,
-| -[
-j

ro brisedh ar Cirion cona muindtir la hirgail arrachta na nGregach archena. Ro teithedar ainntreannta Ercuil na Spainnigh iarum docum na mara, uair ba rogha leo a
-]
-)

1580

mbadh[adh
-]

?]

sechnon

in

Ercuil do faicsin doibh.

ro ukjI a
Is

Ro

mara na gnuis adhuathmar aingidhi laidh immorro Cirion a muindter,

-]

gnimartha gaisgid,

ni moidi ro ansat aigi sin.

ann sin dochuaidh Cirion co sircalma a comdail Ercuil do comruc Ms. lama faicsin sin dona hAfraicceachaibh
1585

ro impoighedar co luthmar lan(282b)beogha, 1 ro comruic Cirion Ercuil reroile in tan sin. Tug immorro Cirion builli
-]

bithnertmar d'Ercuil innus nach

fes

do ca hard ina roibhe,

sin ro scairt
-]

iama buaidhirt don

1590

builli.

Is

ann

ro screch
-]

Ercuil for Gregachaibh, ag iarraidh a fhurtachta forra, ro tangadar cuigi i tir in drong ro bui isna longaibh dibh, Tuc immorro Ercuil co calma a timcill Ercuil. cathaigedar
-]

1595

bracha bithnertmar don luirg adhbuil iarnaighi do ro thrascair co hathlumh urmaisnech e. Ocus dodocuaidh a muindter leo o Ercuil e fon am sin, rugsud Ocus ro bui se ag se asin cath amach do ligen a anala. ag athaisiughudh a muindtiri ar son mar imdhergadh Docuaid iarum tugadar cum catha a n-aghaidh Ercuil e.
builli

Cirion,

-[

-j

-]

H.2.7, 282a 2

282b

14.

Sommer

pp. 410

12.

LIFE
sink
into

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

depths
of this

83

the

the

ocean

with

its

mast

and

crashing onslaught. frenzy of anger and swift rage overcame the royal warrior, and he rose out of the boat with a vigorous, light leap, and landed on the edge of dry land. And he then raised the swift (?) iron flail, the valorous, staff-like club to his shoulder, and began to slaughter and slay the Spaniards unaided by any friend or ally. And horses and cavalry could have swum strongly and bravely on the eddying pools of crimson blood shed by the wonderful, powerful hand of Hercules at that time. Then fifty brave warriors from among the lords and high nobles of Greece came to the spot despite the Spaniards and gave battle bravely and powerfully. Then Geryon intrepidly exalted his reputation among the hosts, for he fell to a quick slaughtering of the Greeks, so that he slew fifty brave warriors of them. As for Hercules, he killed five thousand armed, battle-skilled Spaniards in compensation for those fifty Greeks who had fallen at Geryon's hand. Then Geryon urged his followers to fight bravely against Hercules and the Greeks, and this time they went into the midst of the Greek contingent as if it were the desire of every one of them to be slain in that conflict. Then the battle

tackle

broken

from

was fought fiercely and boldly and furiously between them, and Geryon and his men were defeated by the powerful, fierce fighting of Hercules and the rest of the Greeks. Then
the Spaniards fled towards the sea, for they chose to be drowned (?) throughout the sea rather than look on the And though Geryon terrible, malignant face of Hercules.

urged on his men and praised more did they remain with him

their deeds of
for that.

arms none the Then Geryon went

When the bravely against Hercules to fight with him. Africans saw that they turned back swiftly and vigorously, and then Geryon and Hercules fought together. Moreover Geryon dealt Hercules a very powerful blow so that he knew not where he was, dazed as he was by the blow. Then Hercules shouted and cried out to the Greeks, asking them to help him, and those of them who were in the ships landed and fought valiantly around Hercules. Moreover Hercules dealt Geryon a mortal, powerful blow with the great iron club and knocked him quickly and unerringly to the ground. And then his men took him away from Hercules and he left the battle in order to draw breath and he was reviling and cursing his men for Then Geryon bringing him into battle against Hercules.
;

84
Ciruui fon catli cath in tan sin.

STAIR ERCUIL
aris, i ni fctrt^

A BAS.

a innisin febhus a laimhe isin

-] -j

1600

Ocus tarrla da cheile e Ercuil, doronsat Tuc immorro comruc fergach fimeimnech fcdhmlaidir. Ercuil builli bcdgnimach bithcalma brachamail don luirg ro buail a fosmullach a ainntrcannta iamaidlii do Cirion, cinn in cur calma cathbuadhach comlonnchruaidh, innus gur
-j

1605

cuir teora troigh trenmiledh in lorg iamaidhi tre cloiginn in cacmrigh, co torcuir marbh gan anmain don trenbcim sin. Gurub amlaidh sin fa fuin do Cirion gubhreathach grodOcus ro theith in drong ro da dias bhratar. bhriathrach fo mair do muindtir Cirion fo cnocuibh ciachdorcha
-] -\

glenntaibh grainemla
1610

-]

fo sleibhtibh fuarfliucha 1 fo

diamruibh

Ocus ro gabhadar na Gregaigh aga doeolais. luathmarbhadh no co rucc duibnell dorca doeolais na haidhchi forra. Ocus fa linta fanta liadghlennta na crichi sin dia fuil 1 dia fulrachta, uair ni fedadh rimli na ro-airemh a torcair dodib. Tangadar na Gregaigh tara n-ais ina longuibh,
dluithi
-] -|

1615

ro caithedar a lordaethan ealadhna doibh, rindedh ceol bidh 1 lenna, innus co ndechaidh a toirrsi 1 a truaghneimeile don aes gaeta guasachtach la luth in deghgnima doronsad in la sin. Gurub amlaidh sin tairnicc in cogudh sin la hErcuil
-j -j

ama
1620

Spainechaibh. cuan {283a) Dala Ercuil iar sin ro mol se co hadhbulmor in sin a rabudar a longa, t adubhairt gur maith in t-inadh cathrach do denum ara comghar. Ocus do chuir techta uadlia ar fud na Gailinnsi d'iaraidh lucht denmusa na cathrach sin. ro geall co Ocus tanic ben cuigi darb ainm Coroighne,
-\

1625

n[d]ingnedh si(n) in cathair, dorinde maille hilimud inntlechta lucht na ceirde cedna. 1 eladhan, 1 drong mor mar aen ria do Ocus tuccadh a hainm fein aran cathraigh .i. Coroighne. Ocus is uime ro ordaigh Ercuil in cathair sin do dhenum .i.
-]

1630

1635

1640

do cuimniughudli in cathreime sin co fuin in betha, i mar Ocus do comartha gur claidh se Cir[i]on cona muindtir. ordaigh tempuU uasal do dhenum dona deibh annsa cathraigh d'aidhci isin do chuir lampaidh ar lasadh do 16 sin, dorucc in tsoillsi sin ced hliadkan. Ocus dotempull cedna, ronadh fiiath firalainn isin cathraigh sin la taebh na mara, do cuiredh ilimud do chrannaibh aille mirront ina laim, ina timcill. Ocus is mar coimed aran cathraigh ro ordaigh Ercuil sin. Ocus an uair docidis lucht na long i na sluagh echtrann sin dar leo fein is na haoncoill uli ro bui in cathair, - do Ocus ro sechnaidis in cuan sin d'uaman na deilbhe. mair in delb mirbulda sin no co tainic Sin Sem tar eis paisi
-|
-j -] -]
-\

H.2.7, 282b 14

283a

27.

Sommer

pp. 412

5.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

;

85

went into the battle again, and the prowess of his hand in the battle at that time cannot be described and he and Hercules met together and fought an angr}^ venomous, powerful combat. Moreover Hercules dealt Geryon an injurious, brave, fatal blow with the rough iron club and struck the brave, victorious, battle-hardened warrior on the level crown of his head, and put the iron club three warrior's
through the skull of the noble king, so that he fell down dead and lifeless from that strong blow. So that thus was made an end of the unjust, sharp-tongued Geryon and his two
feet

And those of Geryon's men who still survived dark and misty hills and hateful glens and cold, damp mountain-sides and fast, undiscoverable hiding-places and the Greeks fell to killing them till they were overtaken by
brothers.
fled to
;

the dark, impenetrable blackness of night, and the slopes and wild glens of that country were filled with their blood and gore, for so many of them fell that it was impossible to count or number them. The Greeks came back to their ships and were treated to music and entertainment and they took their fill of food and drink, so that the dangerously wounded forgot their pain and misery for joy at the good deed they had done that day. And thus ended that war waged by Hercules against the Spaniards.
;

As
where

for Hercules then, he praised greatly that

harbour

his ships were,

and said that beside

it

would be a good

And he sent messengers throughout place to build a city. Galicia to seek people to build that city, and a woman named
Corunna came to him and promised to build that
;

city.

And

this she did with great skill and art, assisted by a great number of people of the same trade and the city was called Corunna

after her.

i\nd

it

was

for this reason that Hercules ordered

that city ta be built, to commemorate for ever that victory, and as a sign that he had defeated Geryon and his men. And he ordered a noble temple to be built to the gods in that city,

and he placed a lamp in the same temple alight both day and And a night, and that light lasted for a hundred years. beautiful statue was made in that city beside the sea with a mirror in its hand, and many beautiful trees were placed around And it was as a protection to the city that Hercules it. ordered that for when foreign crews and armies saw that they thought the city was all one forest, and avoided that
;

harbour for fear of the statue.

And

that miraculous statue

86

STAIR ERCUIL
-\

A BAS.

Crist isin Gailinnsi,

is leis i

rindodh mair
sin,
]

Ixiillighi
i

do milledh in dclbli sin. Ocus domora la lilCrcuil annsa cathraigh

-]

ro fhagaihli

asa haithlc

rcliqua.

1645

Tanicc iarum Ercuil tar ais co cathraigh Mcgida isin Ghr^ig. Ocus ro innsidar lucht na cathrach sin d'Ercuil co roibi ri
aingidhi imthniithach isin Cartagenc, 1 co torcuir ri Aragont cona cloind leis, tuc se cis in da 1 ri Xauerre cona mnaibh theallach sin leis co cathraigh na hitali. Ocus is amlaidh ro
-]

-]

1650

bui in cathair sin sliabh ard adhbulmor osa cind. Atpert Ercuil CO cuirfedh (283b) se a aithrechus sin ar Calcus. Do chruinnigh Ercuil a muindter as gach aird ina docum, 1 do Ocus do chuir techta gluaisidar rempa a coindi Calcuis.
-j

roime do fhuacgra catha

isin
1655

fair.

Ocus

ni

chnch

sin

no co

rainicc co Calcus.

An

demaidh Ercuil dith uair immorro do-

chualaidh Calcus Ercuil ac techt ina docum do chuir se toisech da muindtir cuigi darb ainm Castilliens, dia radh ris impogh a fritheing na conaire cedna no co fuighedh se bas anuasal cona muindtir. Ocus ro gair se athach econn d'Ercuil. Ro
is fhreagair Ercuil co ciuin cennuis cairdemail in techtuire, " edh ro raidh: Ni maith in modh do righ uasal urrunta athach no fomoir fingalach do gairm do ri uasal ele mar missi, gid
-] ]

1660

edh

1665

innarbtha athach daine n-aingidhi n-etroccar me asa n-ait asa n-inadh budhein. Ocus innis do Chalcus gurob gerr co mbiad a fis aigi cia aguind bus threisi." Ro imthigh Caisstilliens mar a roibhi Calcus, ro innis aithesc Ercuil
fos is fer
-] -]

-]

do.

lanfherg adhbulmor Calcus, 1 adubhairt co toitfedh Ercuil 1 gach athach ara mheiredh
luinne
-\

Ro ghabh immorro

1670

1675

a ndighail comraidh Ercuil. Do chruinnigh Calcus a muindter iarum, tugadh a eidedh cuigi, i do brisedh leis e ona chrothadh, ro bhris ilimud eididh mar sin la med a Ocus tugadh cuigi iarum eidedh caid comnaidi fheirgi. crua[d]daingen, ] ro ghabh uime he. Do cuiredh iarum ilimud do chorranaibh iamaidhi ^ do baccanaibh daingni dobhrisdi a lenmum d'eidedh Calcuis a ndoigh co mheiredh se ar Ercuil re glaccudh, co mheith se a lenmain dona baccanaibh iarnaidhi, gur amlaidh do berthai re malairt fair. Ocus ro mol Calcus a muindter budein, adubhairt riu calma do dlienum a
se leis
-] -] -]

n-aighidh Ercuil.
Is

ann

sin tanic Calcus

cona muindtir a n-arrtaisc Ercuil

H.2.7, 283a 27

283b

37.

Sommer

pp. 415-

LIFE
lasted
till

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

87

Saiiit James came to Galicia after the Passion of and it was he who destroyed that statue. And Hercules appointed mayors and bailiffs and officials in that city and

Christ,

then

left it, etc.

to the city of Merida in Greece of that city told Hercules that there was a wicked, jealous king in Carthagena, and that the kings of Arragon and Navarre, with their wives and children, had
{sic),

Then Hercules came back

and the people

by his hand, and that he had carried off the tributes two households to the city of Italy {sic). Now that had a high, huge mountain above it. And Hercules city said that he would make Cacus regret that deed. Hercules gathered his men together from every direction, and they set out against Cacus, and he sent messengers on before him to declare war on him, and Hercules did no harm in that
fallen

of those

country till he reached Cacus. Now when Cacus heard that Hercules was coming to him he sent to him a captain from

among

his

men named

Castilliens,
if

ordering

him

to return

by the same

route, saying that

he did not he would die

his

an ignoble death together with

followers,

and

calling

Hercules a stupid tyrant. Hercules answered the messenger " It is unworthy calmly and gently and amicably, saying of a noble, powerful king to call another noble king like me a further, I am a man who tyrant or a murderous giant
: ;

drives tyrants and wicked, merciless people from their own and tell Cacus that he will know before place and station
;

long which of us

is

the stronger."

Castilliens departed to

where Cacus was and related to him what Hercules had said. Cacus was angered and greatly enraged, and said that he would slay Hercules and every tyrant whom he should catch in revenge for Hercules' words. Then Cacus collected his men, and his armour was brought to him, and he shook it so that it fell to pieces, and he did the same with many more and finally a suits of armour in the greatness of his anger hard, durable, impregnable suit of armour was brought to him, which he put on. Then many curved iron knives and firm, unbreakable hooks were fixed to Cacus' armour that he might catch Hercules in their grip, and that gripped by And Cacus the iron hooks he might be seized and slain.
;

praised his own against Hercules.

men and
his

exhorted them to

fight

bravely

Then Cacus and

men came

against Hercules

and the

88
1680

STAIR ERCUIL
)

-]

A BAS.

1685

vi Nauerre cona muindtir mar aen riu. ] ri Naiagunc Tanicc iniinDiro Ercuil cona muindtir a coindi Calcuis, 1 tugadar (284a) cath dian dasachtacli daroilc conarba loir doibh a ceile la himud na n-arm ndiiibraicci ar eitillaigh uas na cathmiledh. Ocus ro marbhadh ccannaibli na curadh eturra don cedfhrais niili laech lancalma ar gach taebh
-]

1690

do marbhadh an cedcorughudh dona Gregachaibh tugadar, docuaid sa cath. Cidh tracht is ann sin do chuiredar na Gregaigh a clu osna cathaibh, 1 roba derg in talam futha in roba fliuch in talam fona tan sin o fuil muindtiri Calcuis, Ro Gregachaibh dia n-allus budein la mod a saethair. dia Calcus ar faicsin a muindtiri dia malairt fergaighedli Ocus ro badar sluaigh na mfcorughudh la Gregachaibh.
-]
-] -\

1695

Cartagene in uair sin ar ti theite ina cathraigh. Tugadar iarum Is ann sin do chuir urrluighi nua ncmharrsaigh diaroile. ro bui se ag oirrlech Calcus a clu osna cathaibh, ag athni buailedh acht aenbeim ar gach cuma na nGregach,
-\
-j

-j

1700

1705

1710

1715

ro temaighthi on beim sin. Is ann sin ro scairtsit na Gregaigh ag iarraidh a comfhurtachta, innus co sgrechsat clos a mac alia isin firmamint a n-ailltibh i a n-uamaibh na talman, ro badar cum brisdi forra fon am sin le hirgail Calcuis. Tanic iarum Ercuil do chabhair na nGregach, 1 a iamaidhi ina laim, do chuir meisnech moraignedh ina lorg do chomruic fein 1 Calcus. Ocus do buail Calcus muindtir, builli bithnertmar for Ercuil, innus gur theilg a chlogz^d dia chaemcenn. Ro shailedar muindter Calcuis gurba marbh Ercuil on beim sin. Tug iarum Ercuil builli ele do Chalcus don do theilg a cumdach dia cenn a mesc luirg iamaidhi ina cenn, in catha, innus gur taibhrighedh do ilimud do dhrithlennaib lasamna a timchill a ruisc a radhairc. Ocus gid edh fos nir fedadh a thrascairt don trenbeim sin. Docuaidh Calcus iar sin a mesc a muindtiri ro len Ercuil he a certlar catha na Cartane, innus nach (284b) ihidir na Gregaigh car ghabh Ercuil uathadh. Is ann sin ro impaidh Calcus re hErcuil, do comraicsit reroile, ro buail Calcus brachbuilli bithnertmar for Ercuil, 1 ro leigedar sluaigh na Cartane gartha aidhble asta a commaidhem in builli sin. Ercuil immorro robo moide leis a menma na gartha sin do clos, do thuaircedar each a ceile dib innus nach fuair cechtar acu riam a co[m]maith sin do comruc. Ocus do liged eturra fein a certlar in catha. Ocus ro
far, I ni
-j

-]

-\

-]

-\

-]

-\

-j

-]

-]

-]

-]

H.2.7, 2S3b 37

284b

II.

Sommcr

pp. 418

20.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

89

kings of Aragon and Navarre and their followers. Moreover Hercules and his men came against Cacus, and they waged
hard, furious battle with each other till they could hardly see each other for the number of throwing-weapons flying over the heads of the soldiers and warriors and a thousand
;

bold warriors were slain on each side by the first volley they launched, and the first detachment of Greeks to enter the battle was killed. However, it was then that the Greeks exalted their reputation above the battalions, and at that time the earth under them was red with the blood of Cacus' men and the ground under the Greeks was wet with their own perspiration from the greatness of their exertions.
;

men slaughtered and put the Greeks, and at that moment the hosts by of Carthagena were on the point of fleeing into their city. Then they fell upon each other with new and refreshed Cacus exalted his fame above the battalions, and vigour,
Cacus was enraged on seeing his
to confusion

maimed the Greeks, and he only struck one blow at each man, and no man recovered from that blow. Then the Greeks shouted and cried out for help so that the echo of their shouts was heard in the firmament and in the glens and caves of the earth, and at that time they were on
slaughtered and
the point of being routed by the prowess of Cacus. Then Hercules came to help the Greeks, iron club in hand, and
filled his

powerful blow helmet from his fair head. Cacus' men Then thought Hercules had been killed by that blow. Hercules dealt Cacus a return blow on the head with the iron club and knocked his helmet from his head into the midst of the battle so that many flaming sparks appeared before his eyes and filled his vision. And yet that powerful blow was not enough to knock him down. Then Cacus went among his men, and Hercules followed him into the midst of the army of Carthagena, so that the Greeks knew not whither Hercules had gone from them. Then Cacus turned on Hercules and they fought together, and Cacus dealt Hercules a mortal, powerful blow, and the hosts of Carthagena shouted hugely in exultation at that blow. But Hercules

Cacus.

men with com"age and spirit, and he And Cacus himself dealt Hercules a
his

himself fought

and knocked

became

all

the

more

spirited

on hearing those shouts, and

they both smote each other so that neither of them had ever met with such an excellent contest before, and they were left to themselves in the very midst of the battle with the

90
i,-!.'

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.

ua calha ccchtardha sin a[c] commarbhadh a ccile ina Calcus imniorro do chuir se delbli duaibscch draighechta air fein fon am sin re fedh in comruic, i ro bui delb
biuUir
timcill.

17-5

Tuc immorro Ercuil ro thrascair e, roba don tsabh iamaidhi do Calcus niarbli on builli sin e irdna hcith fcbhus na feilmc ro bui uimc.
alainn ainglecda for Ercuil frisin re sin.
builli
-]

-]

1730

1735

1740

ro llicith reimlie Ro erigh Calcus co prap primurlunili, sechnon in catha, ) nir Icn Ercuil e iar sin. Dala sluaigh na Cartagine do chothaighedar co calma re Gregachaibh a haithli CaXcuis do dul uatha. Is ann sin ro modaigh menmanna na miledh nGrcgach, innus co tabhraidis da builli fan mbuilli do muindtir Calcuis. Ocus nirb aidhbli na gar t ha geranacha gola doronsat na Gregaigh in tan rob ecruaidh doibh isin cath naid na gartha leidmecha luth[gh]aire do leigedar asta in uair fa rugadar buaidh coscuir ar sluaghaibh na Cartagine. An uair immorro docimnaicc Calcus a muinnter e fein ar mbreith ar[a ?] a^c] cothughudh re Gregachaibh, anail, tanicc fon cath do c(oth)athughudh a mesc a muindtiri gach aen dar theith leis. Iar faicsin Calcuis do Ercuil dochuaidh se ina docum do cathughudh fris. Ar faicsin luirgi iamaidhi Ercuil do Chalcus ro ghabh uaman e, i ro theith asin cathraigh .1. da muindtir mar aen (285a) ris aran sliabh ro bui os cinn cathrach na Cartagine. Moschaio ainm
-] -]

-j

-|

in tsleibhi sin.
-]

Ro

fech

ni fhacca se aen dibh

immorro Calcus tar ais fora muindtir, gan gabhail nd gan marbhadh, 1 do-

1745

se co melfaidis muilli gan meirtnighi ama srothaibh falcmara firdoimni fola ro bui ac siledh re slesaibh na slighedh. Docunnuicc Calcus gur gab Ercuil in tir dia ainneoin fair. Ocus is amlaidh ro bui in sliabh sin 1 ni roibi acht aonconair cumang ara tei[gh]thi suas ann, docuaidh

chunnuicc

-]

1750

Calcus di ar ai betha na haidhci sin. Iar mbreith cosgair in chatha do Ercuil ro len se Calcus sa sliab, 1 ro ghabhsat lucht coimeda in tsleibhi do leccaib lanaidhbli 1 do murliagaibh
-]

1735

mora forra, innus gur marbhudar drechta dermala dronga dirime do Ghregachaibh, gurb eigin doibh impogh tara n-ais on tsliabh. immorro Ercuil i na Gregaigh Dorighni foslongport fo tharr an tsleibhi a[c] coimed na conuire imcaile ro bui sa tsliab, 1 ro thuing fona deibh nach fuicfedh in fos-]

longport sin
1760

mina

curtai ar eigin as e

no co cuiredh

se Calcus

do gorta. Uair ni roibhi conair ele aigi a fuiccfedh e acht an aenconuir sin ara rabudar na Gregaigh. Do togbhadh iarum a pupul d'Ercuil, do cuiredh leabaidh urluachra fai. Ocus
-|

H.2.7, 284b II

285a

29.

Sommer

pp. 420

3.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

91

two armies slaughtering each other around them. Now Cacus had the expression of a scowhng wizard at that time during the combat, but the face of Hercules was that of a fair angel the while. Moreover Hercules gave Cacus a blow with the iron staff and knocked him down, and he would have been dead from that blow had it not been for the excellence of the helm which he wore. Cacus rose quickly and fled with all speed through the battle, and Hercules did not f(.)llow him after that. As for the hosts of Carthagena they fought bravely against Then the courage the Greeks after Cacus had left them. of the Greek soldiers rose so that they struck two blows for every one struck by Cacus' men, and no greater were
the complaining, tearful cries of the Greeks when growing faint in the battle than the eager shouts of joy they gave when they were triumphant over the hosts of Carthagena. Now when Cacus saw his men fighting against the Greeks and (found) that he himself had regained his breath he entered
fled with him in order to Hercules saw Cacus he went towards him to fight with him. When Cacus saw Hercules' iron club he became afraid, and fled the city together with fifty of his men to a mountain which was above the city of Then Cacus looked behind Carthagena called Moncayo. him at his men and he could not see one of them who had not been either captured or slain and he saw flooded, deep streams of blood flowing along the sides of the road

the battle with all those

fight

who had

among

his

men.

When

sufficient

to drive grin ding-mills without wearying.

Cacus

saw that Hercules had taken his country in spite of him. Now that mountain was ascended by one narrow path only, and
to this Cacus took that he

might live through that night. Hercules, after his triumph in the battle, followed Cacus to the mountain, and those who were guarding the mountain pelted them with huge stones and great blocks so that they
crowds and numberless bands of Greeks, so that had to turn back from the mountain. Then Hercules they and the Greeks made an encampment under the moimtain to guard the narrow path which ascended it, and he swore by the gods that he would not leave that cam^p unless driven from it by force till he starved Cacus out, for there was no other path by which he could leave it than that one path on which the Greeks were (encamped). Then Hercules' tent was erected for him, and a bed of fresh rushes laid down for him.
killed vast

92

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.
-]

re droing clc a^Uadh. TO orb ar droing dibli faire do dcnum, Ocus roba lulh loo-san sin, uair ba tuirrsech iat tar eis in

i7i>5

bcnadar a n-eidedh dib in aidchi sin. Ocus lar tiacht in a[c] coimcd doibli. lae immorro do chuir Ercuil drong dia muindtir Ic ri Naraguinc, Ocus adubhradar na rigtlii ] (2S5b) drong ele le ri Nauerrc.
catha.

Ocus

nir

ro bui foruire

amuigh acu

sin
is
1770

" ni roibi oruindc riain co ro so Ercuil," ar siat, annsa linn na thu, i dodenum gach ni bus toil let."
:

"A

ri

Ro an immorro
uair ro

Ercuil a[c] coimed gabh gorta Calcus ro ordaigh

-]

in tsleibhi sin sc teinnte

-]

in

tennala

1775

1780

1785

1790

1795

1800

ro seol se co heladhnach le sliabh, detach na teinntedh sin docum Ercuil i cum na draighecht nGregach. An uair immorro docunnuic Ercuil a muindter aca muchudh on detaigh ro theith leo, ro fhagaibh in foslongport. Do shall immorro Ercuil corob innechad tainicc ona deibh forra. Doruc iarum Calcus biadh i bitaille leis isin sliabh frisin re sin, 1 ro delbh se co healadlmach in sliabh dorcha doradhairc do each, solus taithnemach do fein da muindtir. Rob ingnath la hErcuil cinnus doroighne Calcus na cerda geinntlighi sin. Is ann sin do chruinnigh Ercuil a maigistreacha moreladhnacha ] a cleirigh canonda ina docum, 1 adubhairt " riu Is o deithihh diablaidhi doroine Calcus na cerda ugud, ni ho deithihh. nemaigi." Ocus ro bui Ercuil a[c] cuartughudh a leabhar ac scrududh a n-inntlechta dus cinnus dorinde Calcus na cerda draighechta sin. Do chuir iarum Ercuil techta ar cenn Aitilais .i. ardmaigistir isna heladhnaibh draighechta, 1 ro fiarfaigh de cinnus dofuair Calcus dorcacht do denum do each soillsi do fein 1 da muindtir. xA.dubhairt " Aitilas A Ercuil," ar se, " acht gidh misi dorindi (2S6a) na healadhna duid-si is ferr tusa innta na misi na aennech at aimsir. Ocus ataim-si arsaidh senordha anosa, ni heidir lium na heladhna draighechta do dhenum. Ocus is se a athair siud .i. Ulcan, dorindi do Calcus iat, uair ro bui Ulcan a nguasacht a anma ag righ na Sisaile mar do bui " Calcus agud-sa, a Ercuil," ar se, ro delbh se teine draighechta isna sleibhtibh, ro imigh Ulcan as mar sin o Ocus mairid na teinnte sin fos ar lasadh." righ na Sisaile. docuaidh fein na Dorighni Ercuil didiu amrus ar Aitilas, aonur isin sliab, ni fuair se Calcus na [a] muinnter ann. Ocus ro impo tar ais mar a roibi Aitilas, 1 doroine gen gaire " fris Ni dingen amrus ort festa, a Aitilais," ar se, " uair ro imigh Calcus asan sliabh lena dhraighecht."
-]

mora do dhenum foran

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

-]

-j

-]

-]

H.2.7, 285a 29

286a

18.

Sommer

pp. 423

5.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

of

93

and he ordered some

them

to

keep watch and the others to

;

sleep; and they were glad of that, for they were tired after the battle, and they did not take off their armour that night

and they had a watch outside keeping guard for them. When the day came Hercules put a section of his men under the king of Aragon and another under the king of Navarre, and those " Hercules, we have never had over us so far a kings said whom we preferred to thee, and we will do everything king
:

thou mayest desire." Moreover Hercules remained guarding that mountain, and when Cacus' supplies failed he ordered fires and great beacons to be made on the mountain, and he directed the smoke of those fires through skill and magic towards Hercules and the Greeks. Moreover when Hercules saw his men being choked by the smoke he fled with them and left the camp. Indeed Hercules thought it was a punishment inflicted on them by the gods. Then Cacus brought food and drink to the mountain during that time, and he brought it to pass through his arts that the mountain was dark and invisible to everyone else, while it was bright and shining to him and his men. Hercules wondered as to how Cacus performed those magic

Then Hercules gathered his skilled masters and arts. " canonical clerks to him and said to them It is through the help of devilish gods that Cacus has performed those
:

and not of heavenly gods." And Hercules searched books and examined their minds to find out how Cacus had performed those magic arts. Then Hercules sent messengers to Atlas, high master in the magic arts, asking him how Cacus had contrived to make darkness for everyone else and " Hercules, though light for himself and his men. Atlas said it was I who taught thee the arts thou art better in them than
arts,

their

I or any of thy contemporaries. And I am old and full of years now and cannot perform the magic arts. And it was his father Vulcan who taught them to Cacus, for when Vulcan was in

danger of his life at the hands of the king of Sicily as was Cacus at thy hands, Hercules, he made a magic fire in the mountains and thus Vulcan escaped from the king of Sicily and those fires are still burning." Now Hercules doubted Atlas, and went alone to the mountain, and found neither Cacus nor his men there. And he returned to where Atlas^ " was and greeted him with a laugh. I will doubt thee no more. Atlas," he said, "for Cacus has departed from'the
; ;

mountain by means

of his magic."

94

STAIR ERCUIL
Ro
fcch inimorro Ercuil in
ti'r

A BAS.
-]

ina timchcall,

nib aluind in
]

1S05

Ocus docunnaic iarum cathair caem clocasach na pilaidi rigdha roaille .i. Tcrracone a hainm-sidhc. Ocus tuc sc [righo ?] in tiri sin do mac righ Terraconc, adubhairt ris cert niaitli do cunnmail isin tir sin.
tir

sin.

-]

1810

Dala Ercuil iarum ro imthigh roime cona morthcghlach co darb ainm Salamanquc, ro bui sel innti ag denum eladhan a n-uaim thalman. Ocus docuaid as sin co
cathraigli elc
-]

Catiloigne

.i.

cathair elc

sidhe,

-]

ro bui seal innti ag

denum

1815

cathraigh sin. Ocus docuaidh se as sin a proinnsi dorindi cathair daingen innti darb ainm Barsiloine. ele, Ocus ro fhas conach 1 saidhbhreas aigi innti. Ocus dorindedh immorro dclbli alainn d'or bruindti d'Ercuil, ind uair do

eladhan
-]

isin

-]

bith se a ngar don deilb ni haithenntaigi iat sech aroile. Ocus do cuir Ercuil isin deilb sin co healadhnach freagra do thabhairt
1820

doibh.

ar gach aon isna secht n-ealadhnaibh saera a ndenum Ro gair (286b) immorro Ercuil ridiri uasal dia muindtir
-]

ina docum,

Yspan a ainm-sidhe,

-j

lamh

1825

1830

mic Ulcain, 1 gach righi diar gabus isin Espain 1 medaigh[th]er gach maith let, 1 loighter gach andlighedh gach egoir." Ocus tuc se cet d'Aitilas ] d'Filoces imtecht, adubhairt Filoces nach scarf adh se re hErcuil no co faghadh cechtar acu bas. Ocus is on Yspan sin dia tuc Ercuil in Espain do len Espain don talmain sin. Ro bui immorro sgribneoir a coimidecht Ercuil a[c] sgribhadh a staire budhein, uair rob annsa le hErcuil liubhair ealadhna saera na rigi na talman ule.
;

tirindech innruic tu fein, crich so duit .i. tigherntus Calcuis

1 is

"Is maith do atpert fris dobheirim-si righi na

:

-]

-\

-]

-]

1835

1840

Dala Ercuil iarum doclos do co rabhudar a.onfher deg d'fomorchaibh ainmine do slicht Caim colaigh a[g] gabhail neirt mhoir ar fud in domhan. Ocus is ann ro bhui a comnaidhi a cathraigh na Cremone a cathraigh na Melane. Ocus righacht na Melane ro bui acu. Sadurn Nestor dias roba sine dibh, 1 ro bui a fis acu co tiucfadh Ercuil do cathughudh friu, do chuiredar Nestor ina dochum dia radh fris da fai[gh]dis radharc fair nach ligfidis as ina bethaid he. Dala Nestor iarum nir cian do ac siubhal na conuire in tan tarrla Ercuil
-j -] -]

H.2.7, 286a 18

286b

31.

Sommer

pp. 426

9.

LIFE
And

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

95

Hercules looked on the country around him, and And afterwards he saw a fair, towered city with its majestic, very beautiful palaces, and he gave (the sovereignty ?) Tarragona by name of that country to the prince of Tarragona, and bade him maintain proper justice in that country.
it

was a beautiful country.

;

As for Hercules then he went on with his great following to another city called Salamanca, and stayed there for a time practising magic arts in a subterranean cave and from
;

there he went to Catalonia, another city, and was there for a space practising magic arts in that city. He went from there

and built a strong city there called where he gained wealth and riches. Moreover a Barcelona, beautiful statue of Hercules was made of refined gold, and when he was near the statue they could not be distinguished and Hercules skilfully contrived that from each other that statue should answer all in the seven liberal arts and teach them to them. Moreover Hercules called to him a noble knight from among his men, Hispan by name, " Thou hast a strong arm, and thou thyand said to him self art righteous and blameless, and I give thee the sovereignty of this country, the domain of Cacus son of Vulcan, together with every kingdom I have conquered in Spain. And increase every good and lessen every tyranny and injustice." And he gave Atlas and Philoctetes permission to depart. And Philoctetes said he would not separate from Hercules till one of them died. And it was from that Hispan to whom Hercules gave Spain that that country got its name. Moreover there was a scribe waiting on Hercules
to another province
; :

writing his

own

{i.e.,

books and
world.

liberal arts

Hercules') history, for Hercules loved more than the kingship of the whole

As

for Hercules then he

of

heard that there were eleven burly

giants

throughout the world

Ham gaining great power and they lived in the city of Cremona, and in the city of Milan, and the kingdom of Milan was their domain. Satiun and Nestor were the two eldest of them and they knew that Hercules would come to fight with them, and they sent Nestor to him to inform him that if they once caught sight of him they would not let him away alive. As for Nestor then he was not long on the road when he met
the race of sinful
;

96 cona sloghaibh
liErcuil,
1

STAiR ERCUIL

-]

BAS.

fair. Dorindc immorro Nestor auragull fri atbcrt dia ndechadh Ercuil do chathughudh ris luich ticfadli so beo tar ais, i adubhairt co racdis in t-a.enihcr

1S45

1850

1855

i860

d'fogmorcaib do cathughudh re hErcuil cona sloghaibh. " " dibh tusa ? bar Ercuil. Is dib co derb," bar Nestor. " " Is mor do med is mait do dhclbh," bhar Ercuil, 1 gid cdli ni geb-sa (2S7a) an imarcaidh sin buaibh. Uair do rachuind-si am acnur do comruc rib-si uili." Ro impa in foghmoir .i. Nestor, tar ais a comdail a bhraithrcch, atpert CO facaidh se Ercuil cona luirg imremazV iamaidhi. Ocus adubhairt Nestor nar incomhluind iir in talman r(i)isin tre[n]milidh sin, i adubhairt iarum rena bhraithrechaibh freagra co humul ailgen do. Do fhreagradur a bhraithrecha Nestor co hogla ainbfesach, tugadar aithis imdhergadh do tri sin do radh. Ocus nir cian doibh mar sin co facadar Ercuil ina aenur ac techt ina ndocum. Ocus tanic se co lathair ro fiarfaigh Ercuil dibh an fuighedh se ced slighedh cuca, uatha trena cathraigh, uair ni roibi a athrughudh do chonuir Ocus adubhairt [gurb ?] ferr les a sidh na a cocudh. aigi. Adubhradar na foghmoraib nach ligfidis ced slighedh ar
(itg sin

"

An

-]

-|

-]

-\

"1

na ar eigin tresin cathraigh e. Is ann sin ro cengladar na arrachta fheramla fhoirtille sin a cuirp dia catheidedh, ro glacadar a lorga ina laechlamaibh, do caithedar frais da n-armaibh diubraici re hErcuil. Ocus dorindi Ercuil an imirt
ais
fir
-j -|

1865

cedna riu-san. Do eid[ed]ar ro sgrechadar na hathaigh ainntreannta irgalacha a comdail Ercuil, ro fuluing Ercuil doibh a nertbeimenna do dherbhadh fair. Is ann sin ro thoguibh Ercuil a lorg co lancalma re gualaind, 1 ro buail
-]
-]

1870

1875

1880

beim dighla for fer dhibh cor(?) torcair marbh gan anmain. Ocus roba moidi fich fala na droingi ele dibh re hErcuil sin. Ocus ro badar sluaig cathrach na Cremone ar thaidhlibh in dunaidh 1 ar barr na cathrach ac feitemh in comhruicc sin, na Gregaigh don taeibh ele. Ro fergaigedh Ercuil Filoces fon am sin, ro thorchair cethrar dibh leis in tan sin. Ocus dorucc an aidhci forra, ro iaradar na fomoraigh comosadh na haidhchi sin re hErcuil, ro diult Ercuil iat uime (287b) sin. Ocus torchuir cuiger dibh ar. maidin arnamarach. Ocus docuaidh Nestor le luas a retha as. Ocus ro leicedar lucht na cathrach gartha luth[gh]aire asta a commaidemh na feinnedh foirtill sin, uair rob olc in cenn do lucht na cathrach na hathaigh sin. Is ann sin tangadar lucht na cathrach a comdail Ercuil, do leigedar ara ngluinibh do iat, ro iaradar grasa fair, tugadar iat fein do. Ocus fuair se feis
-] -] -] -]

-]

-]

-;

-\

-]

-]

H.2.7, 286b 31

287b

10.

Sommer

pp.

429 36.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

97

Hercules and his hosts. And Nestor addressed Hercules and that if Hercules went to fight with him he would not come back alive. And he said that those eleven giants would go to fight with Hercules and his hosts. "Art thou " " I am, indeed," said Nestor. said Hercules. one of them ?
said
size and goodly is thy appearance," said and yet I will not accept that advantage from Hercules, The all." you. For I would go alone to fight against you Nestor returned to his kinsmen and said he had seen giant Hercules and his thick iron club. And Nestor said that the

"

Great

is

"

thy

men

of the

world were not

fit

to fight with that strong warrior,

and then advised his kinsmen to answer Hercules humbly Nestor's kinsmen answered him angrily and and gently. and insulted him for saymg that. stupidly, and reviled And they were not long thus till they saw Hercules And he approached them coming towards them alone. and asked them if they would permit him to pass other route no had through their city, as he and added that he would rather be on peaceful than on hostile terms with them. The giants told him that he would
;

not get their permission to pass through the city either by negotiation or by force. Then those powerful, manly, strong men buckled their battle-armour to their bodies and took their clubs in their valiant hands, and shot a volley of their throwingweapons at Hercules, and Hercules retaliated in the same way.

shouted and yelled in front of and Hercules suffered them to test their strong blows on him. Then Hercules raised his club bravely to his shoulder and dealt one of them a vengeful blow so that he fell down dead and lifeless. x\nd the rage and spite of the rest of them and the hosts against Hercules were all the greater for that of Cremona were on the battlements of the fortress of the city and on the housetops of the city watching that fight, with Philoctetes and the Greeks on the other side. Then Hercules,

The

violent, warlike giants

Hercules,

becoming infuriated, felled four of them. And night overtook them, and the giants asked Hercules for a truce for that night, and Hercules refused them that. And five of them fell the next morning, and Nestor fled quickly away. And the townspeople gave shouts of joy in exultation over those strong warriors, for those giants were bad rulers to the townsfolk. Then the townspeople came to meet Hercules and knelt before him and asked him for mercy and surrendered themand he and his hosts were feasted and selves to him
;

98

STAIR ]<:RCUIL

A BAS.
i

flodhughiulh na haidchi sin do fein

1885

da sluagaib.
-\

Ocus ro
-]

orduigh sc cuirpna foghmorach do thabhairt isin cathraigh, dorindodh tompull taitnemach ina timcill, dorindedh fuata

na ngnim
J890

jirimarrachta prais doibli isin tcmpull cedna do cuimniughudh Ro fhagaibh Ercuil comhedaidhi ceirt cora sin. uadlia fein isin cathraigh.
-j

JS95

docuaid Ercuil as sin a cathraigh cle ro bui isin ro cruindigh cleirigh na crichi sin docuigi, cuadar do sduider a leabhar do scrudadh a n-indtlechta dus cinnus dodcndais soillsi doibh fein 1 dorcacht do each .i. mar dorindi Calcus mac Ulcain. Ocus nir cian doibh in uair do tuicedli in caingen sin leo, is e Ercuil do tuic e. Ocus do moludar na maighistreacha egna eolms Ercuil, adubhradar ilimud maithesa re hErcuil.
crich cedna,
-] -] -] -] -]
-j

Ocus

1900

1905

1910

Dala Ercuil iar sin ro fhagaibh se in tir sin, 1 docuaidh roime san Edaille mar a roibe Euander .i. ri na hEdaillc. Ocus tanic Euannter a comdail Ercuil, doroine umhla anoir do, tuc e fein cona tigherntus fora cumus. Ocus ro indis d'Ercuil co roibi Calcus faris, co tuc diultadh do ar son Ercuil. Ocus roba buidhech Hercuil don aithesc sin. Ro hinnsedh immorro d'Ercuil co robhi Calcus ar Sliab Auentyn, Docuaid Ercuil aran sliabh cedna a comdhail Calcuis, - ro delb Ercuil soillsi do fein 1 dorcacht do Chalcus. Ocus is bronach begmenmach ro bui Calcus (288a) in aidhchi sin la huaman Ercuil. Ocus ni roibi betha aigi fon am sin acht beith ag tomailt in fheoir mar gach ainmidi mbruidemail ele. Do chuir iarum Calcus a chenn ar adhart cloichi bigi, Ocus an uair ro shall soillsi d'fhaicsin ni 1 do tuil samlaidh. faccaidh aenni acht imud dorcaduis. Iar tiacht an lae cuigi
-] -| -]
-]

.a

ni roibhi craidhi
roibi Priccus
1915
.i.

ri

na menma aigi, do smuain dul mar a na Calidoine, da ngoirter in Calabre aniugh.

-j -|

Ocus ro imthigh roime co himeclach,

1

dorindi

Calcus

cosaid

fris,

-]

adubhairt

tarrla Priccus fair, "

:

Tuc Ercuil

innarbadli

orm

as

mo

tigherntus," ar se,

"
-]

docuaidh

1920

chraidhi uaim, 1 ni full menma agum. Ocus ni fuil ni is do shaillind do thabhairt craidhi dam na ben do beith agum. Ocus is edh is ail Hum tusa, a Phr/ccuis, do thabhairt ingine dot ingenaib damh mar banceile." Adubhairt Priccus " Is aithnid damh-sa gur mor h'inme h'ardflaites no gur boin Ercuil dit e, gid edh atait cethriu inghen agum-sa,"
:

mo mo

-]

-j

H.2.7, 287b II

288a

23.

Sommer

pp. 436

9.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

99

banqueted for that night. And he ordered the bodies of the giants to be brought into the city, and a handsome temple was built around them, and massive brazen statues were
erected to them in the same temple in memory of those deeds. Hercules left certain men to maintain right and justice
in the city

on

his behalf.

And Hercules went from there to another city in the same country and the scholars of that country gathered about him and they fell to studying their books and examining their minds as to how the}-^ could make light for themselves and darkness for everyone else, as Cacus son of Vulcan had done. And before long they had found a solution to that problem and it was Hercules who discovered it. And the masters of wisdom and knowledge praised Hercules and paid him many
; ;

compliments.
Hercules then he left that country and went on to where Evander king of Italy was. And Evander came Italy, to meet Hercules and greeted him with humility and honour, and surrendered himself and his dominions into his power. And he told Hercules that Cacus had been with him, and that he had refused him (his requests) for the sake of Hercules, and Hercules was grateful when he heard those words. Moreover Hercules was informed that Cacus was on the Aventine Hill. Hercules went to that mountain to meet Cacus, and Hercules caused it to be light to himself and dark to Cacus. And Cacus was sad and dispirited that night for fear of Hercules, and his only means of sustenance at that time was to be eating grass like any brutish beast. Then Cacus put and when his head on a small stone as pillow and slept thus he thought he would see light he saw nothing but great darkness. When day arrived he had neither heart nor courage, and he resolved to go to where Picus was, that is, the king of Calcedonia, which is called Calabria now. And he departed to fearfully, and he met with Picus, and Cacus complained Hercules has banished me from my dominions, him and said and I have lost heart and have no courage left and there is nothing I should think more likely to raise my spirits than x\nd I want you, Picus, to give that I should take a wife.
x\s for
;
'

'

me

one of your daughters to wife."

Picus said

"I know

that great were your wealth and high sovereignty till Hercules deprived thee of them; however I have four daughters," said he.

100
ar se,

STAIR ERCUIL
"
-j

BAS.

19^5

dogobhair-si do rogha dibh, i dogebhair do chunn" mail uaim-si madh olc maith le hErcuil e." Atait ealadhna " dodhen a aithne ama nelluibh in imda agum-sa." ar sc, tan impoghas in sen orum. Ocus ata uaim daingen agum
-j

1930

1935

19+0

clc, i bed innti san bliadliain so." Tucudh tucadh a roga hingena Phnccuis co lathair, do Calcus dibh, 1 dorug-san Yolee do roguin. Ocus ro bui do tairg Priccus drechta se teora la a farradh Phnccuis, dcrmhala i dronga doairme do ridiribh 1 do curadhaibh calma 1 do maighdinibh uaisle do chur a coimhidecht a Ro diult Calcus sin acht aondias deirbhshethar da ingine. do gluais roime iar sin. Ocus an baile ba nesa (288b) mnai, aran conair do ro marbh iat o beg co mor a roibh innti, 1 nir fagaib duine n[a] ainmidhi da fuair aran conair roime gan marbhadh. Ocus ro gaid Calcus doim 1 toirbh leis, 1 docuaidli a n-uaim Sleibhi Auentyn. Ocus is annam do tigedh do bidh se se amach acht re diu lae no re tosach aidhci, fedh na haidhci ag marbhadh ag losgadh, ag indrud ag ni fes cia donibh na mordightha sin. argain na hEdaille, Ocus do sailedar corob innechudh ona deithih tanic orra.

nach

fes

do ncch

iar sin ceithri

-]

-]

-\

-]

-]

-|

1945

1950

1955

i960

indis immorro Euan[d]er na scela sin d'Ercuil, i ni nech cia doroine na gnima sin. Atpert Ercuil fris " " arLeigid bur cruidh 1 bur cethra amach anocht," ar se, an fergort, ni husa les na deib a coimed in bur cathrachaibh " dib na for fairsingi in muighi." Adubhairt Euanner Da " cuirem amach iat," ar se, ni faicfer aenainmidi aguind dib." " " Cuirfeam-ne amach iat da fechain sin," bar Ercuil, bermaid lorg orra gidh be conair dechuid." Do cuiredh na tainic Calcus a thriar ban cetra ar Iar in muighi iar sin, asan uamaidh fon am sin, ] tarrla a mesc na n-ainminti iat. Ocus do ghabh uaman Calcus ar faicsin ilimud na n-ainminnti, uair ba menmarc leis gurob e Ercuil doroine in t-inntlecht Dala Calcuis iarum ro sin, ] co roibhi fein aga n-imcoimed. ghabh se ac marbhadh na cethra, 1 adubhairt Calcus gur ferr doib Ion do bhreith leo san uamaidh, nar dith la hErcuil a marbhadh. Is ann sin ro cengail Calcus secht ndaim cethra ba a ndiaigh a n-erball dibh, 1 do chuir an cenn ele
fidir
: -]
:

Ro

-|

-j

-j

-j

-]

don cengal ima bhraighid, 1 ro tarraing leis co foirtill fircalma isin sliab iat a ndegaidh a n-erball, do chuir a n-uamaid in tsleibhi iat. Ocus do shaith cloch marmail co healadhnach a ndorus na huama, innus nach fes
-]

H.2.7, 288a 23

288b

39.

Sommer

pp. 439

43.

LIFE
"

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

loi

and thou shalt have thy choice of them, and I will maintain " thee whether Hercules like it or no." I have many arts," " said he {i.e., Cacus), and I will find out by the clouds when fortxme turns against me, and I have a strong cave which
no one
else

knows

of,

and

will stay there this year."

Then

Picus' four daughters were brought to the spot and Cacus was offered his choice of them, and he chose lole. And he

who offered to send great bands and countless companies of knights and brave warriors and noble maidens to escort his daughter. Cacus refused them all except two of his wife's sisters, and then set out. And he killed all the inhabitants of the town which was nearest to him on the road, from small to great, nor did he leave one animal or human being he found on the road before him imslain. And Cacus carried off oxen and bulls and entered the cave of the Aventine Hill, and seldom did he issue forth except at twilight or at nightfall, and he spent
stayed three days with Picus,
the night killing, burning, ravaging and pillaging in Italy, and nobody knew who wrought this great devastation. And they thought it was a punishment from the gods that had

descended on them.

And Evander

related those things to Hercules,

and no
"
:

Let your herds and four-footed beasts out to graze tonight, for it is no easier for the gods to preserve them for you in " If your cities than on the broad plain." Evander said " we put them out not one animal will be left us." We will
:

one knew who did those deeds. Hercules said to him

" and we will put them out to test that," said Hercules, find their tracks whichever way they go." Then the animals

were put in the middle of the plain, and at that time Cacus and his three women came out of their cave and found themselves in the midst of the animals, and Cacus was afraid when he saw so many animals, for he was convinced that it was Hercules who had carried out that stratagem and that he himself was guarding them. As for Cacus then he began to kill the cattle, and Cacus said it would be better to bring a supply to the cave, for if they were killed it would be no loss to Hercules. Then Cacus bound seven oxen and four cows by their tails and put the other end of the rope

and dragged them powerfully and valiantly mountain tail first. And he put them in the cave of the mountain and thrust a marble stone skilfully across the mouth The track (?) of the cave so that it was not known
across his chest

to the

102
1965

STAIR ERCUIL

-]

A BAS.

Dofrith lor[g ?] sin 1 do hiiulsodh

sliabh
lorg "

(289a) isan sliabh tucadh iat, Ocus docnaidh Erciiil isin d'Ercuil.
-]

1970

1975

1980

ni fuaradar ianim 1 Euanner cona mhuindtir, " na nibo secha sin. Atpert Ercuil Tuicim," ar se, nach iat na dee doni na foghla so oruibh, 1 co fuil gadaigi brisfi misi in sliabh no co fagar CO hincleith isin tsliabh, Ro ordaigh inimorro Ercuil ilimud bo do chur foran e." ro geimodar sliabh, 1 troscadh do thabhairt fora laeghaibh, na laigh ag iarraidh a maithrech, 1 ro geimedar na ba ro bui Ocus docualaidh fo talmain ag Calcus iar clos na laegh doibh. ni fcs doibh ca Ercuil 1 Euannder i na sluaigh uili sin, robudar. Ro bui Ercuil tri huaire do 16 ac cuartughudh carrac ni fuair iat. Ocus cabharn in tslcibhi ag iarraidh na mbo, a.dubhradar a muindter ris gur dimain an saethar ro bui fair. Ocus is mmicc ro imged se ar muin an luicc ina roibhi Calcus cona buaib. Ocus ro gherr Calccus sgornacha na mbo ar uamRo gabh luinne lanfherg han CO n[d]ingendais geimnech.
:

-]

-]

-]

-]

-\

-]

crann duillech ro glac se bile buinnlethan Ercuil iarum, dosmor ro bui a fosmullach in tsleibhi, 1 ro tharraing co Ocus ro erigh lecc lethan hainndeonach (e) asin talmain e.
-] -]

1985

1990

lanmor ro bui ar bel na huama ina roibhi Calcus leisin mbile, doconnuicc se Calcus cona buaib guna mnaibh in tan sin Adubhairt Ercuil "Is olc in t-inadh airdrig uasail beith a n-uamaidh fo thalmain, gan do bethaidh aigi acht Ocus dobu cora esanoir na n[d]aine innruicc. gadaighecht duid beith a farradh righ no prinnsa, impir no airdtighema na maille hanoir na beith a[g] gadaighecht a huaim talman, mitaemanna doni tu aga cur ama deibh. Ocus a Cal
.

-]

-|

-]

-j

-]

1995

udh hole duit (289b) anois gach mitaem dia ndernuis co ro so. Ocus ni foigheona do teine na do detach duit festa." Do leicc Calcus lasracha teinntigi detach adhuathraar cuca asin uamhaidh amail cosmailius lasracha in bhratha no peine Ifimn, ro ghabh uaman adhbulmor na sluaigh uili de sin. Is ann sin ro leim Ercuil co hedrum ainntrennta a certlar na huama a mesc na teinedh a coinde Calcuis, doronsat comruc
-] -]
-j

2000

nertmar naimdemail reroile. Ro buail Calcus builli bithnertmar a cenn in righmiledh, ro gherr in clogud cruadhach, tuc cned guasachtach for Ercuil. Ocus ro badar tri hingena fa cruaid Phnccuis a[c] cumnadh do Calcus fon am sin,
-] "1 -]

H.2.7, 288b 39

289b

16.

Sommer

pp. 443^

9.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

103

was found they had been brought to the mountain, and that was related to Hercules. And then Hercules went to the mountain with Evander and his men, and they did
not find the tracks of the cattle any further than that. Hercules said "I perceive that it is not the gods who are out these raids on you, but that there is a robber carrying hiding in the mountain, and I will break the mountain to Then Hercules ordered many cows pieces till I find him." to be put on the mountain, and their calves to be kept from and the calves lowed trying to reach their mothers, feeding and the cows which Cacus had under the ground lowed when they heard the calves. And Hercules and Evander and all the hosts heard them though they did not know where Hercules was three hours searching the rocks they were. and caverns of the mountain in quest of the cows and did not find them. And his men told him that his labour was in vain, and many a time did he pass over the very place where Cacus and his cows were. And Cacus cut the throats of the
: ;

cows for fear that they should low. Then Hercules became enraged and furious, and he seized a broad-bottomed trunk, a leafy, bushy tree which was on the level top of the mountain and tore it violently from the ground. And a (the ?) broad, huge stone which was over the mouth of the cave in which Cacus was came up with the tree, and he saw Cacus with " An underhis cows and his women then. Hercules said cave is no place for a high and noble king to be, ground with no means of livelihood but robbery and the outraging of innocent people, and it were meeter for thee to take thy place in honour beside king or prince, emperor or great lord than to be plundering from an underground cave and allowing the gods to be blamed for the mischiefs thou wreakest. evil to thee now every crime thou And, Cacus (?) hast committed so far, and neither thy fire nor thy smoke will avail thee henceforth." Cacus blew fiery sparks and terrible smoke towards them from the cave like the flames of the day of doom or the torments of hell, and all the hosts were struck with great fear at that. Then Hercules leapt lightly and fiercely into the middle of the cave in the midst of the fire against Cacus, and they fought powerfully and vindicCacus dealt a powerful blow at the royal tively together. warrior's head and pierced the hard helmet and wounded Hercules dangerously and the three daughters of Picus were helping Cacus at that time and Hercules was hard:

104
d'Ercuil
200J

STAIR ERCUIL
oturra.

A BAS.
dona Grcgachaibh ro
-]

larna

faicsin

sin

do thorchuir leimsid isin luunaidh do conifhurlacht Ercuil, dronga diairmc -] drechta dermala dibh la Calcus. Ocus ro
bui fcin co mcrmenmach, i roba doigh lais co claifedh se Ercuil fon am sin. Ocus at pert Calcus co rachadh se amach asin uamaidh do comruc re hErcuil. Ocus do treiccedur ilimud

;oio

cia n-allus le

romed a
-\

saethair.

Ocus

is

dan

ro badar foran
-|

to bui an aidhci ag breith orra, robo nair le n-abairt sin, Ocus ro luathaigh a hErcuil imisli a inaidh isin comlunn. ro buail builli adhbulmor for lamha fora beimennaibh,
-j

so5

Calcus, T ro theilg a biail asa doidibh ro thrascair e fein. Ocus do theitidar

don brachbuilli
tri

sin

-]

docum na lidhbuidhi, ro lenadar na 1 da mormarbhadh no gur thoirmesc

-]

hingena Phriccuis Gregaigh iat da malairt

Ercuil

impu
i

e.

Ro mol

immorro Euanner gnimartha gaiscidh

Ercuil,

atbert gurub

mo
2020

do maith doroine Ercuil

in

bliadhain sin doibh na a

ndemsat Is ann
o Ercuil,
"1

fein re hi[l]bliadhnaib. sin ro shanntaigh Calcus

-]

imthecht

le

luas a retha

ro thogaibh itir a di laim he, do chuir a ndiaigh a cind e a log domhain duaibhsech (290a) ro bui a n-ichtar na huama. Ocus do chuiredar na Gregaigh

doruc Ercuil air

-j

=025

=030

2035

2040

lanmora ilimud muiiiag for muin amlaidh sin. Ro earb immorro ri na hEadaille corp Calcuis do bhreith cirrtha cnaimgherrtha astegh isin cathraigh da thaisbenadh do each a coitcinne. Ocus nir fagadh encathair ar fedh na hEdaille ina nderrna Calcus mithaem nach rugadh a chorp dia commaidhem innti. Ocus Sidiibhradar maithi na hEdaille gur dhoigh leo gur mac do dee uasal Ercuil tri fhebhus na ngnimh doroine. Ro ordaigh immorro Ercuil teampuU taithnemhach do denum dona deibh annsa locc inar clai se Calcus, a ndoigh corob lugaidi dodendais each drochbhert e, 1 da foillsiughudh corob trina olcc fein do torchuir Calcus. Dorindedh in tempull ro hannluiced Calcus ann. Ocus tanic iarum Mars iarrmi, .i. dee uasal, docum na nEdaillech, ro indis doibh gur mac do loibh mac Saduimn Ercuil, narb e Ampitrion dob athair do. Gurub amlaidh sin do choisc Ercuil diumus 1
1

na hEdailligh

lecca

-\

Calcuis, CO fuair bas

-j

-|

-]

egoir Calcuis corpthi claenbhreathaigh.

Tar eis na n-ardgnim sin do dhenam d'Ercuil dochualaidh Pricus a cliamhrain] do malairt la hErcuil, 1 ro grennaigh se Ercuil, 1 adubairt co tiubradh se cath d'Ercuil.
H.2.7, 28gb 16

290a

31.

Sommer

pp. 449

54,

459

60.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

105

When the Greeks saw that they pressed between them. jumped into the cave to help Hercules, and countless nmnbers and huge bands of them fell at the hand of Cacus, and the full of courage latter was and thought to vanquish Hercules at that moment. And Cacus said he would go out of the cave to fight with Hercules and they perspired greatly
;

from their huge exertions. They continued in this way for a long time, till night began to overtake them. And Hercules was ashamed of his poor position in the fight, so he began to strike more quickly, and dealt Cacus a tremendous blow and dashed his axe from his hands with that mortal blow and knocked him down. The three daughters of Picus fled to the wood and the Greeks followed them to slaughter and slay them till Hercules caused them to let them be. Moreover

Evander praised Hercules' deeds of valour and said that Hercules had done more for them that year than they themselves had done in many years. Then Cacus would fain have fled away from Hercules, but Hercules caught him and raised him in his arms and thrust him head first into a deep, dark pit in the bottom of the cave. And the Greeks and Italians put huge stones and
on top of Cacus so that he died Moreover the king of Italy ordered Cacus' body to be brought, lacerated and hacked to pieces, into the city to be shown to all in general. And there was no city in Italy in which Cacus had committed a crime to which his body was not brought to be exulted over. And the nobles of Italy said that they thought that Hercules was the son of a noble god on account of the excellent deeds he had done. Moreover Hercules ordered a handsome temple to be built to the gods on the spot where he had vanquished Cacus, that it might deter all from doing evil deeds, and to publish it abroad that it was through his own evil-doing that Cacus had fallen. Then the temple was built and Cacus was buried And Mars, a noble god, came to the Italians and therein. told them that Hercules was the son of Jove son of Saturn, and that Amphitryon was not his father. So it was thus that Hercules put a stop to the pride and wrong-

many

blocks

thus.

doing of the

sinful,

unjust Cacus.

his son-in-law

After Hercules had done those great deeds Picus heard that had been slain by Hercules, and he challenged Hercules and declared his intention of giving him battle.

io6
^045

STAIR ERCUIL

-)

A BAS.

3050

mar a roibh Ercuil, 1 Fauus mac Priccuis fa ferchelc di. Ocus ni fes di re re ocht mhliadhan ca roibh Fauus. Ocus tug si seoid i maini do Ercuil. Et adubhairt si so .i. mar ro an ghrian osna hairdrannaibh, bi an t-6r osna mitillibh, an colam osna henaibh, 1 an duinc osna hainminntibh, an llun(29ob)emhain osna an liuidan osna hiasgaibh,
Taiuicc

hainntighcrna Laurinnci
-j

Facua a hainni,

-]

-]

-]

-j

crannaibh, co roibhi Ercuil mar sin ar uaisli os fhcruib in talmhan do dheilbh i do dhenum, do gaeis 1 do gliccus, do gaisio'is

Ocus do bi Facua ag sirdfechsain 1 do gnathirghail. Ercuil risin re sin, 1 ni dhema Ercuil uran uirre, acht beith
cedh

2060

comradh re Carmenti .i. ba[n]sheitce Euander na hEdaille. Ocus adubhairt immorro F"acua "A " in fedh bes Euander ag denum in tempuill Hercuil," ar si, tar-sa lium-sa ar cuairt dom cathraigh fein." Ocus adubhairt Ercuil CO rachadh. Docviaidh iarum Hercuil le Faucua. In uair docunnaicc Ercuil in rigan ag diugaire ag dobron ro atain fath a dobroin, 1 adubhairt re craidhi maith do
a[c] cluithi ] a[c]
.i.

ri

-]

beith

aici, 1

in t-aithisc sin, 1
2065

co n[d]ingnadh fein a toil. Ba binn lasin righain docuadar sa cathraigh iarum, doronadh
-|

ilimud anora d'Ercuil innti. Ocus do luidh in trenmili in aidhchi sin co hincleith le Faucua. Ocus tanic Fauus mac
Priccuis a tir isin crich in tan sin.

begmenma Faucua
2070

trit

sin,

Ocus ro ghabh bron adubhairt co rachadh si co

-]

hobunn a n-eslainti 1 a n-egcruas do cumaidh Ercuil le romed a gradha fair. Adubhairt Facua co tanic a fer ceile " .i. Fauus mac Priccuis, ni facamar re re cethri mhliadha.n e, " tanic se anosa isin tir so." Na Ocus adubhairt Ercuil
-\ -]
:

2075

2080

suarach uime," ar se, munu uair is fer posta duit e, edh do bt?zt[he]a agum-sa." Ocus docuaidh Facua ina seomra iar sin, do ro glan a rose a radharc ona deruibh, chuir deisi aenaigh docuaidh si fein i oirechtais uimpi, Hercuil a comdhail Fauuis mic Pricuis, doronsad anoir do. Dorinde Fauus ilimud anora do Ercuil, uair doclos clii ardnos Ercuil in gach conuir dar ghabh. Ocus docuadar iarum sa cathraigh, 1 do badar ciiig la a[c] caithem fhesta 1 urgairdighti innti. Dala Hercuil iarum do ceile bhair doibh ro imigh uata.
bi-si
-] -] -]

"

-]

-j

-]

-j

-]

-]

2085

(291a) Dala Priccuis iar sin do chuir se techta docum Ercuil dia radh ris gurub egoir ro marbh se Calcus mac na cliamain agum," ar se. Ulcain, "do bi na bhrathair

"

-]

Ocus doirtfed

full

Hercuil annsa locc inar doirt sin

6.

full

H.2.7, agoa

31 291a

Sommer

pp.

454

60.

LIFE
The queen
of

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

107

Laurentum came to where Hercules was. her name, and Faunus son of Picus was her husband, and she had not known for eight years where Faunus was. And she gave jewels and riches to Hercules, and

And Fatua was

"

As gold excelled metals, and the sun the heavenlybodies, and man the animals, and the dove the birds, and the leviathan the fish, and the vine the trees, that thus
said this
:

Hercules in his nobleness excelled the men of the earth in countenance and form, in wisdom and cleverness, in arms and in fighting." And Fatua gazed ceaselessly on Hercules during that time, and Hercules paid no attention to her, but sported and talked with Carmenta, wife of Evander king of Italy. And Fatua said " Hercules, while Evander is building the And temple come with me on a visit to my own city." Then Hercules departed Hercules replied that he would. with Fatua. When Hercules noticed the queen lamenting and sorrowing he perceived the reason for her sadness and told her to take heart and that he would do her will. Fatua
:

was pleased at those words, and they went into the city and afterwards, and much honour was paid Hercules there the strong warrior lay secretly with Fatua that night. And Faunus son of Picus landed in the country then and Fatua became sad and dispirited on that account, and said that she would fall suddenly into sickness and decline through longing for Hercules on account of her great love for him. Fatua said that her husband, Faunus son of Picus, had " and we have not seen him for four years, and he come, "Be has come into this country now." And Hercules said not ungracious to him, for he is thy lawful husband, and were he not thou wouldst have been my wife." Then Fatua went to her room and washed the tears from her eyes, and dressed herself as for festival and assembly, and she and Hercules went to meet Faunus son of Picus and received him with honour. Faunus paid Hercules great honour, for the fame and great reputation of Hercules had been heard along every route by which he had travelled. And they then entered the city and were there five days feasting and reAnd then Hercules bade them farewell and joicing. from them. departed Then Picus sent messengers to Hercules telling him that he had done an injustice in killing Cacus son of Vulcan, " " and I who was my kinsman and son-in-law," said he, will shed the blood of Hercules in the place where he shed the
;

io8
Calcuis."

STAIR ERCUIL
Ociis roba luth
i

A BAS.
la

menman

hErcuil in t-ajthcsc

sin d(i chlos,

aclubhairt Ercuil co tiubhradh sc cath

do

Phriccus ar maidin iarnamarach. Ocus tug se guna do sgarloid

-090

2095

tri luth[gh]air an immorro inadh a ndcrnaidh Priccus foslongport na haidhci sin laini re Sliabh Ouenti ar bhruach na Tibre. A cinn cuig mbuilli don clog iarnamarach do fhreagradar na sloigh sin a ceile. Ocus is e lin ro bui Priccus Ocus iama faicsin do ac techt isin cath sin .i. .x. mili .xx.

dirg

dcghdatha

do

techtaire Phnccuis

sceil ro innis do.

Is e

2100

Hercuil do rith ina comhdhail conarba luaithi fiadh Ocus ro erb fora shluaghaibh foluaimnech fasaigh nas e. dochuaidh se lethmili roim n-a beith CO mall ina diaigh, Ocus ro aithin muindtir a n-arrthaisc sloigh na Calidoine. Priccus Hercuil ag techt na docum, 1 ro ghabh uaman adhbhulmor e cona sloghaibh, 1 do leigedar gartha aidhbhli asta aga faicsin. Ocus do caithedar frais da n-armaibh ar Ocus mar thumas braen fris, 1 nir dhergsat fair. aenslighi
-]

2105

in gaeth greannmar, na Bealltaine in toimech adhbulmor mar sin do thum in righmile Ercuil ua'll ardaignedh Phn'ccuis cona sluaghaibh. Ocus fos nir an in trenfer togaidhi no CO ndechaidh a certlar slogh na Calidoine mar a fhaccaidh a mbun 1 a meirgedha, 1 ro ghabh aga ledairt co lancalma do
-]

is

-]

2110

corp ar gach leth ina urtimchill, innus co roibi fuil ar fuil ann annsan inadh a torchuir Calcus. Tanicc immorro chorp na Gregaigh do comfhurtacht d'Ercuil, Teseus .i. ri Atenjis, na h(29ib)Edailligh mar aen ris. Is ann sin fa I Euander
-] -j
-1

sanntaigi in sarcomlunn, -]famininamilidh, -jfatreisinatrenfir. Ocus ro badar foran irghail sin co diu lai lansoillsi. Ro fhag-j

2"5

aibh Priccus in cath in tan sin, tug se builli aran mbarr ro lenadar a muindter e iarna aithne mbuabhaill ro bui aigi, doibh. Ociis tanic Hercuil tar ais uathudh fon am sin, uair ba doigh leis co fuighedh se cath sa 16 iar[na]marach uathadh.
-]
-j

Is
2120

ann

sin

Ata misen catha Phn'ccuis ina thimcill, 1 atbert f riii " oruind," ar se, 1 ro eirigh in sen inar n-adhaigh, eirgem romhuinn inar cathrachaibh." Ocus doronsat samlaidh.
:

do chruinnighedar gach ar mair do mhuindtir "

-|

Conidh

e sin cedcath

do chuir Hercuil for Pricus.

Dala Ercuil ar maidin iarnamarach or nach fuaradar

2125

Priccus naid sloig na Calidoine ara cinn ar lathair catha ro lenadar iat coruigi in cathraigh, doronsat foslongphort ina timchill. Ocus do marbhadh drechta dermala dibh ann
-]

H.2.7, 291a 6

291b

22.

Sommer

pp. 460

4.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

And

109

Hercules was glad on hearing that would give battle to Picus the next morning. And he gave a gown of red, richly-coloured scarlet to the messenger of Picus for joy at the news he Moreover the place where Picus enhad related to him. camped that night was beside the Aventine Hill on the bank of the Tiber. At five o'clock the next day those armies engaged i\nd Picus' numbers on entering the battle each other. were thirty thousand. And when Hercules saw him he ran towards him with such speed that a wild, leaping deer were no faster than he. And he ordered his men to follow him slowly, and he went on half a mile ahead of his men towards And Picus perceived Hercules the army of Calcedonia. towards him, and he and his hosts were greatly afraid coming and gave tremendous shouts on seeing him. And they shot a volley of their weapons together at him and they did not wound him. And as the May shower abates the great thunder and the raging wind, so did the royal warrior Hercules reduce the pride and high spirit of Picus and his hosts. Nor did the choice warrior stop till he reached the midst of the Calcedonian host, where he saw their base and their

blood of Cacus."

speech, and said that he

standards, and began to slaughter them valiantly on every side all round him, so that there was blood on blood and body

on body in the place where Cacus had fallen. Then Theseus king of Athens and the Greeks came to help Hercules, together with Evander and the Italians. And it was then that the great battle was the most eagerly fought, that the warriors were most hacked, that the strong men were strongest and they continued in that encoimter till the end of day and daylight. And then Picus left the battle, and gave a blast on the trumpet which he had, and his men, recognizing And Hercules came away from them it, followed him. then, for he thought that they would give him battle the next day. Then all that yet remained of Picus' men " The fortune of gathered round him, and he said to them battle is not in our favour, and our luck has turned against us, so let us go on to our cities." And they did as he said. So that was the first battle Hercules fought against Picus.
;
:

As for Hercules the next morning, as they did not find Picus or the Calcedonian hosts before them on the field of battle they followed them to the city and encamped round about it. And huge numbers of them were there killed from (?)

no
(s)asin
frisin re sin.
-]

STAIR JCKCUIL

A BAS.

2130

chathraigh Ic hurcuruibh, i nfr cumgadar ni di Doroinc iirunorro Ercuil ct)mairli rona muindtir " Ni hcirUr buaidh cogaidh gan guasaclit is odh atbert taircfed-sa dul isin cathraigh lid. Uair cuirfed d'fulung, 1 cidedh don taeibh astigh dibh, 1 edaighi anilira umam, rachad am acnar isin cathraigh. Ocus cuiridh-si cumnadh na leigidh edrum-sa aran cathraigh do gach taebh di,
:

-j

-]

-]

-1.15

^140

2145

=150

na Gregaigh i na hEdailhgh sin do denum. Dochuaidh immorro Hercuil co dorusna cathrach, guna eidedh don taeib astigh, ro iar oshigudh. CO talmain uime, Ro fiarfaigedar na doirrsirigh cuidh bui ann. At pert Hercuil ba techtaire do agallaim in righ .i. Pricus. Ocus ro fcchudar docunncadar co diairm ina aenar e, na doirrsirighi fair, do hgedar astegh e asa haithh. Ocus docunncadar eidedh 1 uime (292a) CO hincleith, adubhradar ba treturach ba fer fill e do mairnedh na morchathrach. Ocus do ghabhudar adubhradar co mberdis docum Pricuis e dia milledh. e, Ocus roba maith la hErcuil a bhreith coruigi in righ, uair ni fes do ca roibhi se gid edh ro iar orra gan a bhreith da milledh cum Pricuis. Dorugudh immorro a cenn in righ e, " A Phriccuis," ar siat, " ag so treturach is edh adubhradar millter let e." Ocus ro bui ag mairnedh ar cathrach, ro aithin iarum gurbh e Ercuil Priccus sedal aca feithemh, bui ann. Docuaidh Priccus ina sheomra, i do chuir a eidedh
iat."

Dt) geallsad

-]

-]

-]

-]

-\

-\

-]

-\

"l

-]

-j

uime,
Is

-]

adubhairt rena muindtir dul

ma

n-erradhaibh catha.

2155

ann sin tainic Priccus co lathair mar a roib Ercuil. Ercuil immorro iar faiccsin Priccuis cona muindtir cuigi, ro buail in drong ro bui aga imcoimed fo thalmain, do combhris a
-]

a cuirp trinaroile. Ro badar ceithri coluin iarnaidhi ar urlar in halla sin ina mbidiss lochruind ar lasadh, ro ro buail for muindtir tharraing colun dibh asin talmain, Phyjccuis e. Ocus ro heidhedh isin cathraigh fon am sin.

cnama

-]

-j

2160

lama
-]

clos sin
;

dona Gregachaibh do chuiredar cum na cathrach

ro linadar sluaigh na cathrach a timchill Hercuil, ro ghabhadar aga ledairt co lancalma, innus co ndeniadar blodha bega da roibhi d'edach ar muin a eididh uime.
-]

CO calma

Cidh tracht
2165

is

ann

sin

do comruicc Priccus co poindighi

thoguib Ercuil in colun iarnaidhi
-]

primdana
-|

re hErcuil.

Ro

ro buail builli ar Priccus de,

ro thrascair co Iar e idir

na

doirrsiribh,

gurba marbh gan anmain. Ocus robha Imta in halla righdha do corpaibh curadh cathmiledh in tan sin. Ocus ro theith drong ele asin pailis comdhaingin claraigh ro Sommer pp. 464 7. H.2.7, 291b 22 292a 38.
-]

LIFE
the
city

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

iii

time. "
I

by shots, nor could they damage it at that Then Hercules took counsel with his men and said Victory is not gained in war without risks being taken, and
:

undertake to go into that city for I will put on magnificent clothes with armour underneath them and go alone into the city. And put auxiliaries round the city on every side, and do not leave me single-handed against them." The Greeks and Italians promised to do that. Then Hercules went to the gate of the city wearing a gown reaching to the ground and armour underneath it, and asked to be admitted. The gatekeepers asked who was there. Hercules said it was a messenger to speak to the king, Picus, and the gatekeepers looked at him and saw that he was unarmed and alone and let him in. Then they saw that he was wearing concealed armour, and said that he was a deceitful, treacherous
will
;

man (who had

him and

come) to betray the great

city.

They

seized

would bring him to Picus to be destroyed. And Hercules was glad at being brought to the and for all that king, for he did not know where he was he beseeched them not to bring him to Picus to be and they said destroyed. Then he was brought to the king " Picus, here is a traitor betraying our city, and do thou destroy him." And Picus looked at him for a while and then recognized him as Hercules. Picus went to his chamber and put on his armour and told his men to don their battleaccoutrements. Then Picus came to where Hercules was. And when Hercules saw Picus and his men making for him he felled those who were guarding him to the groimd, and crushed their bones and bodies together. There were four iron columns in the floor of that hall which were used for holding lighted torches, and Hercules pulled one of them from the ground and struck at Picus' men with it, and at that moment a shout was raised in the city. When the Greeks heard that they approached the city bravely and the host of the city swarmed around Hercules and began to hack at him
said that they
;
;
:

valiantly so tliat they reduced to small rags all the clothes which he wore over his armour. And then indeed Picus fought powerfully and very boldly with Hercules. Hercules raised the iron column and dealt Picas a blow with it and felled him to the ground among the gatekeepers so that he was dead and lifeless. And the royal hall was full of the corpses of warriors and fighting-men at that time. x\nd another band fled out of the strong, boarded

112
2170

STAIR ERCUIL

-\

BAS.

Ro chruinnigedar ann siii ilimud do do churadhaibh comlannlacchraidh {292b) lancalma chruaidi a limcill Ercuil. Cidh tracht is ann sin ro fhagaibh
bui a ndorus in diinaidh.
-j

2175

Hcrcuil sluaigh catharrdha cruadhcomlannacha na Calidoine ni fhuair se slighi ina luidhi Icoin lanmarbh ina urtimchill, na conair da fagbhail fon am sin acht imthecht ar chorpuibh
-]

curadh
basgaire

-]

cathmilcdh.

Ro

fhas

immorro aengair gola

2180

2185

2190

lamhchomairti ar fud na cathrach fon am sin. Dorugadar sluaigh na cathrach uiU ar aensUghi ar do diuraiccdar frais do soighdibh srubhErciiil in tan sin, ghera 1 do gainnibh guasachtacha 1 do gunnaibh greannmara do clochiiibh trencalma tabhall 1 do hagclochuibh lanmora lamh, innus nar thighi cith cruadhnertmar cloichshnechta ag eirgi do shhnntech naid na cetha cruadhneimnecha caemairm ro bui ag ergi do chorp Ercuil fon am sin, 1 nir dhergsad sin fair. An uair nar fedsad curaidh na Cailidoine dergadh for Hercuil dia n-urcharaibh ro ghabhsad a lamharma urluidhi ro ghabhadar do beimennaib borbnertmara bithncimcuca, necha fair do biailibh bellethna, do glaedibh gerfhaebhracha, do sleghaibh slinnghera, 1 do cloidhme clasletna 1 Ocus gid edh fos cruadhach, 1 do gach uile arm arcena. ni leo docuaidh gan dighail, uair ni thema eladhach betha dibh da tainic ar comgar Ercuil. Is ann sin do chuiredar na na hEdaillibh dremiri arda oireghdha re muraibh Gregaigh
1

mairgnighi

-]

-]

-|

"I

-]

-]

2195

na morcathrach, 1 tangadar astegh ar eigin ar sluaghaibh na do brisedh ar lucht na cathrach fon am sin, Calidoine, ro cuiredh a n-ar. Ocus ro theith drong dibh, i ro iar drong ele
-\

-]

anacal.

Ro gabh Hercuil in cathair uli co himlan in tan Ocus do fedfuidhi snam for sruthlinntibh firaidbhle

sin.

fola

fordeirgi fon
-200

am

sin.

(293a)

Ro

ordaigh Hercuil in cathair

]

do glanadh caemalaind
la

-]

na cuirp d'annlucudh, Priccus do chur a tuma cioichi. Conidh hi toghail cathrach na Calidoine

hErcuil

-]

marbhadh

Priccuis connici sin.

2205

Do bui Ercuil iarum a[c] cuartughudh na cathrach, dochunnuicc se in rigan 6g aluind ilchrothach ac diiicaire 1 ag lamhcomairt .i. Yole inghen Phrjccuis, an ben ro bui ag banntracht adhbulmor ina timcell. Calcus mac Ulcain, Ocus ni facaidh se riam aenben ro ferr delb 1 denum nas i. docuaidh se ara comgar, 1 Ocus tuc Hercuil sere adbul di,
-] -]
-]

H.2.7, 292a 38

293a

14.

Sommer

pp. 467

9.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

113

Then many enclosure which was in front of the fortress. brave warriors and battle-hardened soldiers gathered round Hercules. However it was then that Hercules left the hardall

fighting city- army of Calcedonia lying wounded round him, and he could find no way or path
it
{i.e.,

and dead by which

to leave

on the bodies

the palace) at that time except by walking of warriors and fighting-men. Moreover one

single clamour of weeping and wringing of hands and lamentation and beating of hands moimted up through the city at

Then the hosts of the whole city came up with Hercules together and shot a flight of sharp-pointed arrows and dangerous darts and fierce missiles and strong, valiant slingstones and great handstones so that no thicker were a
that time.

hard, strong shower of hailstones rebounding from slates than the hard, venomous showers of goodly weapons which were rebounding from the body of Hercules at that time. And those (missiles) did not wound him. When the warriors of Calcedonia could not wound Hercules with their shots they took their sla5/ing hand-weapons, and attacked him with rough, venomous blows of broad-bladed axes and sharpedged swords and slate-keen lances and broad-grooved steel swords and every other type of weapon. And yet they were not to remain unpunished, for of those of them who approached Hercules not one escaped alive. Then the Greeks
Italians put high, excellent ladders against the walls of the great city and forced their way in against the hosts of Calcedonia and then the townsmen were defeated and slaughtered, and some of them fled and others begged to be Then Hercules made a complete and thorough conspared.
;

and

quest of the city. And it would have been possible to swim on the huge, eddying pools of deep-red blood at that moment. Hercules ordered the city to be cleaned and the bodies to be buried, and Picus to be put in a fair and handsome tomb of stone. So that that is Hercules' destruction of the city of

Calcedonia and the killing of Picus thus

far.

while Hercules was searching the city afterwards he beautiful, mobile-featured queen mourning and beating her hands, namely lole daughter of Picus, she who

And

saw a young,

and she had a Cacus son of Vulcan her. And he had never before great company seen any woman better in countenance and form than she. And Hercules fell deeply in love with her, and approached
had been the wife
of of
;

women round

114

STAIR ERCUIL
t

BAS.
"
se,

do
2^io

licit h si
-]

roime ina seomra.

"
ria
:

Ocus dochuaidh Ercuil ina

2215

A fomoir fhoirtill fhirfhclltaigh Yolc e, 1 is cdh adubhairt a Ercuil aingidhi ctroccair, ni biadh c[r]aidhi maith agum-sa m'fir posta caidhci iar marbhadh m'athar co hegoir duit-si " Is coir do marAtbert Hercuil A. Calcus mac Ulcain." " oir roba gadaighi greannmar bhus[-s]a Calcus," ar se,
:

diaigh, inaith cugud,

is

edh ro raidh
-]

Yolc," ar

gabh craidhi

heir at

aenmnai agum-sa."
"

Do

fhreagair

-]

-]

2220

2::^5

2230

] re sarughudh i re hcigniughudh moighden ban fer. Ocus ani ro ghabus[-s]a rem ais a tus mo betha do dhenum dodhen he co crich mo bais .i. in coir do an cgoir do sgris i do th^rtethudh. Ocus is chunnmail Ocus ar son na hegora do beith ag Calcus do marbus e. .i. Priccus, uair adubhairt is uime ro marbhus h'athair-si co rachudh da suidhsc gurb egoir do marbus-[s]a Calcus, orm. Ocus nir hobadh (293b) sin lium-sa iar mbeith iughudh na cora agum. Ocus ro bhrisius cath ar Priccus, 1 ro theith ro marbus e innti, 1 ro se romum annsa cathraigh so, Ocus mina heith in coir agum ni in cathraigh. ghabhus Ocus a Yole," ar se, eireochadh na hairdechta sin Hum. " Iar clos Caithfir-si beith ad bancheile agum-sa feasta." mbriathar sin do Yole ro ghabh anb[f]ainde hi, 1 tanic a na

grainemail e ro bui re slad

-]

-]

-]

-]

22i5

A Ercuil," ar si, a airdimpir atpert a threinfhir fer an talman 1 a rogha uasail oireighjdha uair ata si ag gaiscedach na cruinne, leig do Yole anocht, Ocus dodhen-sa a hagallam co do cumaidh a hathar. eg Ro faguibh Hercuil da ridiri cain cennsa carthanach duit.
mathair co lathair
-]
:

"

"

-]

deg do Ghregachaibh ag imcoimed Yole in aidhchi sin, i ro fagaibh fo pein a n-anma orrtha a coimhed co maith. Ocus dochuaidh fein fon cathraigh iar sin. Adubhairt immorro
a mathair re Yole
2240
:

"A

inghen," ar

"

si,

car-sa co

comh-

2245

ghradhach Ercuil, oir ni [fh]uil isin domun uili a co[m]maith do righ na do tighema. Ocus ro ghabh se urmor in domun, is min carthanach macanta sona is romaith a delbh senamail he fein. Ocus is e caislen an ghradha in fuath ar eis na drochaidhchi, tosaigh, uair mar thicc la maith tar mar miniges in gaeth mor on ferthuin bice ciuin, is mar sin
-]
-j

-]

rachas in fuath mor ata ar Hercuil agud fa dheoigh ar " " Na habair sin, a mathair," ar Yole, uair da neimfni." mbeninn-si clann d'Ercuil dobo mian leo me fein do marbhadh
2230

CO mithrocar, uair roba nama damiat." " .i. a inghen," ar an righan, gabh

"

Ercuil

Dena mo comairle-si, mar fh^rceile

cugud,

hiaidh in chathair-si agud

(294a)

-\

in righdacht co laidir."

Docuaidh

Yole amach

iar sin

a n-erber aluinn ina

pp. 469

H.2.7, 293a

294a 14

2.

Sommer

74.

LIFE
her,

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

:

115

and she fled from him to her room. And Hercules followed " " be of good heart, her and said to her lole," he said, thou shalt be my only wife." lole answered him and said and " O strong and very treacherous giant, O wicked, merciless Hercules, I will never be of good heart again since thou
:

slewest unjustly

my

father

and

my

wedded husband, Cacus

:

son of Vulcan." Hercules answered for he was a fierce, hateful robber

"I who

slew Cacus justly, spent his time in

plunder and outrage and ravishing of maidens and married women. And that which I imdertook to do in the beginning of my life I will do till the day of my death, namely to uphold the right and destroy and suppress injustice, and it was
because of Cacus' injustice that I slew him. And the reason why I slew thy father Picus was that he said that I killed Cacus wrongfully and that he would come and prove it on me. And I did not refuse that challenge, for I was in the right. And I defeated Picus and he fled before me into this And had I city and I killed him here and took the city. not had right on my side I would not have succeeded in doing " those great feats. And lole," said he, thou must be my wife from now on." When lole heard those words she swooned, " and her mother came to them and said, Hercules, noble, excellent, high emperor, and champion of the men of the earth and pick of the heroes of the universe, let lole be for tonight, for she is ready to die of grief for her father and I will to her mildly and gently and lovingly for thee." speak Hercules left twelve Greek knights guarding lole that night, and enjoined on them to watch over her well at peril of their
;

lives,

and went off through the city himself. Moreover lole's " " mother said to her love Hercules Daughter," she said, affectionately, for there is not in the world a king or lord as good as he, and he has conquered the greater part of the world. And he is very fair in countenance, and he himself is gentle, And hate is loving, honourable, prosperous and fortunate. the castle whence love ultimately issues, for as a fine day follows a stormy night, and as the great wind is calmed by the slight, gentle rain, so will the great hate which thou bearest
:

Hercules finally disappear." Do not say that, mother," " for if I bore children to Hercules their desire said lole, would be to kill me without mercy, for they would be my " Follow my advice, daughter," said the queen, enemies." " take Hercules as thy husband, and thou shalt have this city and the kingdom will be strong." Then lole went out

"

ii6
roiblii

STAIR ERCUIL
-]

-\

A BAS.

5:55

idhbairt do, ] ro ataigh doroinc umhla dee uasul. a ligeii docum Ercuil. Ocus ro bui si ac siratach in fair gan dec mar sin co luirtosach na maidni mochsoillsi iarnamarach. Tanic iariun Ercuil ar maidin co min ccnnsa dia hagallaim, do thuic si nach tiucfadh a hathair da ro fecli Vole fair, tuc si langhradli d'Ercuil. Ocus ro fhaidh furtacht co brach, Ocus ro bui is e rob annsa le d'fheruibh in talman. leis,
-]

-]

-]

-]

2260

ro fhacaibh taeisech do Ghregcoimhed na cathrach 1 na righachta iar sin. a[c] Conidh e tochmarc Yole ingine Phrjcuis la hErcuil connici

Ercuil sel isin cathraigh sin,

-]

achaibh
sin.

Do
2265

chuir Ercuil
-\

Euander uadha san Edaille co n-imud

n-eidid

2270

2275

seod uasal ele leis 6 cathraigh Phrzccuis. i n-airm Dala Ercuil dochuaidh roime docum tire ele dia certughudh, Ocus ni fuaradar arthrach ann 1 tarrla ciian rena n-ucht. do chuir Dianira inghen righ na acht enluingin lanbeg, CaiHdoine .i. banceile Ercuil, ar tus isin luing taran cuan, d'an (?) fein for deiredh cona muindtir. Ocus do bi athach d'Ercml e. Uair is aingidhi etroccar fa bidhbha 1 fa hescara e Ercuil ro marbh a caraid 1 a comgael uili roime sin. Ocus do rith se ann ro aithm se Ercuil cona muindtir uadha, sin a n-arrthaisc in banntrachta, 1 ro iadh se a di laim a ro fuadaigh les i. (294b) Ro eidhmidar tim[ch]ill mna Ercuil, docimnuicc Ercuil a ben aga fuadach uadha. in banntracht,
-] -|

-\

-j

-\

2280

2285

2290

Ocus do chuir se srang suas, i do chaith soighed a. ndeghaid Ocus ba in fodhmora i do buail a mullach a lethochta e. marbh in fodhmoir de sin, oir ni tuc Ercuil urcar n-imroill riam, i nir derg ar nech naba marbh e. Is ann sin ro theilg docuaidh fein Ercuil a lorg iamaidhi d'urchar taran cuan, in fodhmora. ro rith a ndiaigh a mna ar snamh na diaigh, Dala in fathaigh o ro airigh se e fein marbh adubhairt " A Dianira," ar se, " is tusa ben is annsa liimi-sa do mhnaibh fuicfed comartha in ghradha sin agud .i. ola in in domun, Ocus is amlaidh adubhairt i tug ola neime di. ghradha." " Ocus adubhairt re "A Dianira," ar se, ata Ercuil ar ti do in uair bes se na thu, ligin, uair ata ben ele is annsa leis ni threicfe tr^icin cimiail in ola sin do leme Ercuil gu[t] se thu CO brach o sin amach." Fuair in fodhmoir bas in tan
-]

-]

-\

-]

-\

-j

H.2.7, 294a 2

294b

22.

Sommer

pp. 474

5,

385

7.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

117

to a beautiful arbour where there

was a noble god, and did the god reverence and sacrifice, and beseeched it to keep her and she was continually beseeching the god from Hercules in that way till the beginning of the early light of morning. Then Hercules came quietly and gently in the morning to and she realised that speak to her, and lole looked at him
;

her father would never (again) come to her aid, and she And she lay with him, fell completely in love with Hercules. and he was dearer to her than all other men. And Hercules remained for a while in that city, and afterwards he left a Greek captain to guard the city and kingdom. So that that is Hercules' wooing of lole daughter of Picus thus far.
Hercules sent Evander away to Italy bearing much armour and weapons and noble jewels from the city of Picus. As for Hercules he set out for another coimtry to correct And they came to a harbour which lay across their way, it. and they found no vessel there except one very small boat.

he sent Deianira daughter of the king of Calydon, that Hercules' wife, across in the boat first, and remained is, And there was a wicked, behind himself with his men. merciless centaur (there) who was the enemy and foe of
Hercules, for
it

And

was Hercules who had

killed all his

com-

panions and Hercules and

recognized previously. his followers in the distance, and then he ran towards the women and closed his two arms round Hercules' wife and carried her off. The women cried out, and Hercules

relations

And

he

saw

his wife being carried off

from him, and he

fitted

a string

shot an arrow after the centaur. And he struck him in the top of one breast, and the centaur was dead from that, for Hercules had never fired an inaccurate shot, and
to his

bow and

had never woimded anyone without

Then killing him. Hercules threw his iron club across the harbour and swam As after it himself and pursued his wife and the centaur. for the centaur, when he felt himself mortally wounded he " said Deianira, thou art the woman whom I most love of all the women of the earth, and I will leave thee a token of And as he said that love, namely the ointment of love." " Deianira, this he gave her a poisonous oil and said to her Hercules is about to abandon thee, for there is another woman whom he loves more than thee. And when he is about to leave thee rub this fluid into Hercules' shirt and he will never desert thee from then on." Then the centaur died and
:

ikS
sin, ] tanicc
si

stair ERCUIL

-]

A BAS.

:::95

Dianira tara hais a n-arrthaisc Ercuil. Ocus doOcus buidcchus ris mar do marbh sc in t-athach. rug adubhairt si co roibhi slichl Uimh an athaig innti. Ocus is anilaidh ro bui Dianira a[n] ncim tug an t-athach di a n-cdach liH aicc CO hincleith ann sin. Docuaidh Ercuil da Ocus dofuair marbh e. fechain nar mair in t-athach, Ocus is leisin soigid ar lar rena thaebh. fuair in tsoighet deirbhscthar a sin ro marbh Alaxander mac Prim mac athar .i. Palamidos. Ocus do chuir Ercuil Dianira a cathair
-] -]

=300

comnaidhi iar sin. Conidh amlaidh sin ro marbh Ercuil in fodhmoir i ro fhostoigh se a bancheile .i. Dianira inghcn righ na Cailidoine,

2305

2310

2315

Imthus Ercuil iarum ro fhagaibh in tir sin cona Ocus dochuadar a cois cuain muindtir, cala(i)dhpuirt. nir cian doibh mar sin in tan dochoncadar in long luchtmar tanic fuirenn fherrdha fheramail aiste, lanmor ina ndocum, fochtuis scela dibh. 1 ro aithin Ercuil nach don tir sin iat, "Is misi Patrone on Ocus adubhairt taeisech na lunga do cosaid rit-sa thanac(h), uair ata ri aingidhi Galinnse, is edh is gnaXhughudh do bas d'imirt etroccar isin Galale, in drong nach fhochain ar gach n-aen ara mbeirinn, gan marbunn dibh cuiridli a carcair coimeda iat a ngill rena fuaslugudh. Ocus mina fagha a mian fern asta gerraidh a doni aighedha ega. dibh, 1 dobheir da n-echaib iat cuirp re n-ighti. Ocus ni mo na se huaire o d'fagamair-ne in ri da ndechair-si isin tir sin dobhera se bas duit madh sin, treisi e na thii. Ocus ata .x. mili meirlech do gadaighibh
(295a)
-] -] -] -]
:

-]

-|

-]

-]

-]

geinntlighi
2320

mar

e ara teglach,

-]

rachaidh se d'fiadhach anosa,

2325

2330

Ba binn la 1 drong dona meirrlechaibh sin mar aen ris." " " ar Ercuil. hErcuil na scela sin. Ca hainm in ri sin ? " Diomidess," ar se. Ocus is i ba bancheile ag Ercuil in tan sin .i. Yole inghen Phnccuis. Ocus ro bui Yole ag diucuire ag dobron d'uaman d'imegla co rachudh Ercuil do chathughudh risin righ sin. Ocus ro bui si aga radha re hErcuil nach do gnath tegar ona guasachtaibh mora. Ocus adubhairt ris gan dul foran echtra sin, ba dimain di. Dochuadar iar docuaidh sin 1 nir ansat gur ghabhsat cuan isin Galale, Patrone cona fhoirind leo. Ocus docuaidh Ercuil a tir, ro fhagaibh a mhuindter ina longaibh, ni rug les acht Docuadar coruigi Filoces .i. ri Oilein na Caerach Corcra. (295b) in choiWidh a ndubhradh Diomides do beith ag fiadhach. Is ann sin dochunuicc Ercuil Diomides uadha a mescc a muindtiri co n-ilimud con gadhar mar aen ris. Ro
-]
-[ -] -\ -| -]
-]

H.2.7, 294b 22

295b

4.

Sommer

pp. 387

8,

475

8.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

119

Deianira came back towards Hercules and thanked him for slaying the centaur. And she said that she bore the marks of the centaur's hands. And Deianira had the poison given her by the centaur hidden in a linen cloth there. Hercules went to see that the centaur was not alive, and found him dead, and found the arrow on the ground beside him and it was with that arrow that Alexander son of Priam killed his cousin Palamedes. And Hercules sent Deianira to dwell in a city after that. So that thus did Hercules kill the centaur and retain his wife, Deianira daughter of the king of Calydon.
;

As for Hercules then he left that country with his men and they went along by the side of a harbour and port. And they were not long thus before they saw a big, well-manned ship (coming) towards them, and a manly, brave crew came out of her. And Hercules saw that they were not of that country and asked them for tidings. And the captain of the "I am Patrone from Galicia, and it is to make a ship said to thee that I have come, for there is a wicked, complaint
:

king in Gahlee, and his custom is to put to an undeserved death every one whom he catches, and those whom he does not kill he puts into prison to be ransomed. And if he does not get what he wants from them he cuts up their bodies and puts them to death (?) and gives them to their horses to eat. And it is only six hours since we left that and if thou go into that coimtry he will put thee to king, death if he be stronger than thou. And he has ten thousand thieving heathenish robbers like himself in his household, and he is about to go hunting now with a band of those robbers. " Hercules was glad to hear those tidings. What is the name
merciless
of that king

"

said Hercules.

"

And

Hercules' wife then

was

lole

Diomedes," was the reply. And daughter of Picus.

lole was lamenting and sorrowing for fear that Hercules would go to fight with that king, and said repeatedly to Hercules that seldom does one escape from great dangers, and told him not to go on that venture. But her efforts were in vain. Then they departed and did not tarry till they harboured in Galilee. And Patrone and his crew went with

them.

And

Hercules landed, leaving his

men

in their ships,

and bringing no one with him but Philoctetes, kmg of the Island of the Crimson Sheep. They went to the wood where Then Hercules saw Diomedes was said to be hunting. Diomedes in the distance among his followers, together with

120
fhagaibh
-'335

STAIR ERCUIL
-\

A BAS.

les,

Iircuil Filocos ami sin, jrug ?J in sabh iarnaidhi docuaidli ina acnar a conn Diomides. Ocus do badar

cod mcirrlech ina thimchill.

In

nair

immorro docunnuicc
-j

2340

2345

^350

2355

Diomides Ercuil ina dochum tanic co prap cuigi ech eidighti fac trcalam comdaingin uimc fein. Ociis tuc se sathndh sanntach slcighi ar Ercnil, tuc Ercuil builli don liber iarnaidhi do Diomides ro thrascair he asa dilait. Ocus dorugadar a muindter Diomides o Ercuil do chuiredar fora ech e. Do saith in t-ech aris ar Ercuil, 1 ro buail builli brachnertmar a cenn Ercuil, innus gur claen a cenn fora ghiialainn, gur benadh lasracha teinnemla asa chlogad. Ocus do shall Diomides gurba marbh Ercuil don builli sin. Ro fergaigedh Ercuil on builli sin, ro ghabh se Diomides ar chael coisi ro tharraing don ech e, 1 ro buail builli don luirg iarnaidhi fair. Ocus nir fhagaib edh n-ordlaigh ina chorp gan a bhrisedh don bhrathbeim sin, gurba marbh de. Ocus torcuir .1. meirrlech da muindtir leis, docuadar in .1. ele as dibh man csijlhdh le luas a retha. Adubhairt Ercuil "An bhreath do bheiredh Diomides ar each .i. a marbhadh 1 a tabhairt mar biadh da echaibh, berad-sa in bhreath sin air fein." Ocus ro gherr se corp an righ, tuc da echaibh e, ro longsat na heich feoil chuirp in rig. Docuaidh Ercuil a cenn Filoces, ro indis in gnim sin do, 1 tuc se eidedh Diomides (296a)
-]
-j -\

-]

-]

-j

-j

-]

-]

-]

-]

d'Filoces, 1 adubhairt re Filoces dul co cathraigh 1 a radha re sluaghaibh na cathrach sin techt ina
1

na Galale
comhdhail

2360

2365

1 mina dernaidis sin da n-ais co n[d]ingnadais ar Dochuaidh Filoces gusan cathraigh 1 dorinne a eigin. techtairecht, 1 ro innis doibh gur marbhadh Diomides la nir chreidsit lucht na cathrach sin no gur thaisbein hErcuil, Filoces in t-eidedh doibh. Ocus rob ail le droing di'bh Filoces do Sidubhradar an drong rob aesmaire dibh nach malairt, dingendais sin. Ocus a-dubhradar gurb ainndlighthech egortach in righ Diomides, gur maith leo a marbhadh. Ocus adubh-

freagra do,

-]

-]

-]

radar uili d'aithisc aeinfhir co tibhraidis iat fein cona cathraigh cona n-uili maithes d'Ercuil. Ro imigh Filoces leisin
-|

2370

freagra sin. Do chuir iarum Ercuil techt [a] uadha ar cenn a mna a muindtiri, dochuadar le ceile isin cathraigh, 1 doronsad maithi na cathrach anoir urgairdiughudh d'Ercuil da muindtir. Ocus do bi Ercuil deich la annsa
-] -]

-|

-]

cathraigh sin no

(?)

co torchuir lucht ainndligidh

egora na

H.2.7, 295b 5

296a

23.

Sommer

pp. 478

82.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

dogs.

121

Hercules left Philoctetes there and him and went alone to meet Diomedes; and there were a hundred robbers around him (Diomedes). Moreover when Diomedes saw Hercules making for him he came quickty towards him. And he rode an armoured horse and wore very strong armour himself. And he made an eager lance-thrust at Hercules, and Hercules dealt Diomedes a blow with the iron staff and knocked him from his saddle. And Diomedes was taken from Hercules by his men and put on his horse. He spurred the horse at Hercules again and
(took) his iron staff with

many hounds and

struck a mortal, powerful blow at Hercules' head so that he knocked his head over on to his shoulder and fiery sparks were struck from his helmet. And Diomedes thought that

Hercules had been killed by that blow. Hercules was enraged by that blow, and seized Diomedes by the ankle and dragged him from the horse and struck him with the iron club. And he left not an inch of his body unbroken by that mortal blow, so that he died. And fifty of his robbers fell with him, and the other fifty fled away with all speed throughout " the wood. Hercules said The fate which Diomedes used to meet out to everyone, namely to be killed and given as food to his horses, that same fate I will meet out to him." And he cut up the king's body and gave it to his horses, and the horses ate the flesh of the king's body. Hercules went to Philoctetes and related that deed to him, and gave him the armour of Diomedes and he told him to go to the city of Galilee and tell the hosts of that city to come to him and give an account of themselves, and that if they did not do it willingly they would be forced to do it. Philoctetes went to the city and delivered his message, and told them that Diomedes had been killed by Hercules. And the people of the city did not believe that till Philoctetes showed them the armour. And some of them wished to kill Philoctetes, and others who were older said that they would not do that. And they said that Diomedes had been an unlawful and unjust king and that they were glad he had been killed and they all said with one voice that they would surrender themselves and their city and all their wealth to Hercules. xA.nd Philoctetes departed with that answer. Then Hercules
:

and followers and they went together into and the nobles of the city received Hercules and And Hercules his followers with honour and rejoicing. remained for ten days in that city till he had slain all the lawsent for his wife
;

the city

122

STAIR ERCUIL
uili Icis, i

A BAS.
ceirt i

cathrach
3375

gur nertaLigh lu ?]cht a

in

a cainbcs.

Ocus ro [fhagai ?jbh lucht coimeda do Ghregachaibh ina so ma

la hErciiil
i

cheir[t]

D(o)io(i)midcs

ro g(?)

2380

ro hinnscdh d idh calma trenfher do beith ag fasughudh na c[ri]ch na ferunn, ingnathach " se ag malairt ban 1 fer, 6g i arrsaidh. Ca hainm in curaid " " ? ar Ercuil. Ainntius mac Terra .i. mac do geinedh sin
Is

and

sin

-)

-]

-|

asin talmain gan athair gan mathair collaidhi aigi acht in talam." larna clos sin d'Ercuil do ullmaig e, 1 docuaidh roime ina luing, do ghabh cuan isin chrich ina cualaidh
-]

23S5

Ainntius do beith. Ocus do bi ag siubal na crichi sin. Ocus nir cian do co facaidh in tulach ibhinn 1 ind locc alainn oirechtais os ur in cuain, docuaidh ar inn (296b) na tulcha,
-]

-390

2395

2400

do bi ag fechain do gach taebh de. Ocus dochunnuic in fodmoir foirtill firarrachta, delbh dubh duaibsech diablaidhi fair. Ocus do fech se co hadhuathmar for Ercuil, do smer se a chorp le husc esgunn le holuibh sleabhnaigthecha ele. Ocus tanic se co prap primurrlum a comdhail Ercuil, 1 ro iar spaim fair. Ercuil iarum nir diultadh sin les, ro sinedar na lir ihenda. sin na lamha laechdha lancahna tar taebhuib tenna tailce tarrletna aroile, tugadar cuir borba snadhmanna arrachta Ocus doronsad gleic crodha coimthenn curata re hadh re hathaigh. Ocus ro thoguib Ercuil os inn a gualann in fodhmoir, 1 do thrascair co hainmin co talmain he. Iar tastill na talman do tanicc nert ced ann os cinn a neirt fein. Teora fecht ro thrascair Ercuil mar sin he co talmain, i tanic nert ced ann le gach uair dib. larna aithne d'Ercuil co tabhradh in talam fuilledh neirt calmaduis d'Anntius ro togaibh Hercuil o thalmain itir a di lamhaib
-]
-] -j -]

-]

-]

-]

-j

-]

e,
2405

-]

lama innus gur chroith a dennmur ass fagaibh edh n-ordlaigh da chorp gan bhrisedh, [co fu ?] air bas mar sin. Ocus do len Tulach na [Gle ?]acca in talach o sin amach. Conidh [ajmlaidh sin do thoit Anntius mac Terra la hErcuil. Ocus tanicc iarum a cenn a muindtire.
ucht

tug fasgudh a 1

foirtill

fedmlaidir firarrachta fair etar a

2410

Dala Ercuil
lis
-]

iar sin ro imtigh roime cona muindtir mar en Yole inghen Phn'ccuis, uair rob i ben rob annsa leis

H.2.7, 296a 23

296b

35.

Sommer

pp. 482

3.

LIFE
less

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

123

of

and unjust persons of the city and had strengthened those them who were righteous and followed good customs. And he left Greeks to maintain right (?) Diomedes by Hercules and

Then it was related that a brave wonderful champion was laying waste the countries
territories,

(?)

and and
old.

"

What

is

and slaying men and women, young " that warrior's name ? said Hercules.

and

"Antaeus

son of Terra, a son born of the earth only, with no human mxOther or father." When Hercules heard that he prepared himself and set forth in his ship and entered harbour in the country where he had heard Anteeus to be. And as he travelled through that coimtry, and he saw before long a fair hill, a beautiful place of assembly above the shore of the harbour. And he went to the top of the hill and looked about him on every side. And he saw a strong, very powerful giant with a black, gloomy, diabolical face. And he looked fearsomely at Hercules. And he smeared his body with filthy grease
oils, and came quickly and very speedily towards Hercules and demanded that he should wrestle with him. As for Hercules, he did not refuse that, and those doughty men stretched their warrior-like, brave arms round each other's broad-stomached stout, rough, sides, and threw and gripped roughly and powerfully.

and other slippery

they fought bravely and stoutly and valiantly long time, and Hercules raised the giant above his shoulder and threw him violently to the ground. When he touched the ground he received the strength of a hundred over and above his own strength. Three times did Hercules throw him thus, and he received the strength of a hundred every time. When Hercules perceived that the earth gave Antaeus fresh strength and courage he lifted him from the earth between his two arms and crushed him strongly, forcefully and powerfully between his breast and his arms so an inch of his that he shook the excrement out of him
for

And

died thus. And the hill was called "The " Hill of the Struggle from that time on. So that thus did Antaeus son of Terra fall at the hand of Hercules. And after

body unbroken

that he returned to his men.

As

for Hercules after that he

went on together with

of
all

his

followers

and

lole

daughter

of

Picus, for

the wives

124

STAIR ERCUIL

A BAS.

da

roibi aigi hi.

Lisi.

Cat hair

Ocus docuadar san nGreig .i. co cathraigh sidhe dorinnedh la hErcuil roime sin (hi).
-\

2415

Do Ocus ba luth[gh]airech kicht na cathrach sin rcimc. do bidh sgailedar na Gregaigh da nduntaibh budhcin, is innta Tebes .i. da cathraigh uaisU sin, Ercuil itir Tencs
-\

-j

is

mo

do bidh a comnaidhi do ghres

-j

(?).

Ocus doclos fan

(?)

nGreig uiH (297a) a chhi

echtra
-M20

a alhidh uai

foran

Dochualaidli Dian[ira] co tanicc Ercuil co cathair Ocus do chuir si (?) Lisi, 1 do gabh luth lanadhbul hi. dia muindtir darb ainm Licas docum Ercuil co cathair sguiger Lisi. Ocus tarrla sguiger do muindtir Ercuil do forin conair,
sin.
]

24:3

Ocus ata ben aigi ann is annsa leis na Dianira .i. Yole inghen Phnccuis ri na Calidoine .i. in ben is ferr delb 1 deghdenum do mnaibh na cruinne ina
roibhi se a cathair Lisi.

fochtuis scela ca roibhi Ercuil. "

Adubhairt in t-oglach co

coimre."
Dianira.

lama

clos sin

do Licas ro impo tar

-]

ais

na conuire cedna co domenmach,

2430

ro innis

na

a fritheing scela sin do

2435

Do toit taisi 1 tromnell fuirre iar clos na seel do badar a banntracht co bronach begmenmach. "A Dianira doim Ar n-ergi di asa neoll is edh ro raidh deroil bocht, cred dodhenuir budhesta, uair taimic do do fag[bhadh ?] at aenur gan cheile tu. Ocus a ghrasa, " Ercuil," ar si (?), gidh ard in ceim dinite ] impirechta ilidh anosa ro bui uair ele 1 ni t[hreic ?]fea misi ar mnai sa domun." Ocus d techta sgribhenn ar ndul da mili ar comgar leisin aithesc in c[athrach Lis ?]i do tarla oglach do muindtir [Ercuil ?] do, 1 iiarfaighis de ca roibi Ercuil. Ocus adubhairt in t-oglach
sin di,
1
:

-]

-j

-]

2440

CO roibhi se ag fiadhach a forais, 1 gur marbh se damh allta. Docuaidh iarum Licas annsa forais, tarrla Ercuil do, tuc
-j -\

in sgribhinn ina laim.

Ocus do

leigh hi,

tanicc loisi de

iama
2445

leighed.
-j

2450

Docunncadar Yole cuca in tan sin, dorindi si anoir ro badar tri ced d'uasalmnaibh mar aen ria an d'Ercuil, la sin. Do thaisigh Ercuil in litir, 1 dochuaidh se a n-arrthaisc do glace ar barr laime hi Yole, dorug leis mar (297b) sin isin cathraigh hi. Ocus docuaidh fein a n-inadh uaingech, Ocus do sgribh fein litir ele, is edh ) ro leigh aris an litir. " adubhairt Na creided Dianira aimles orm-sa, i coimedadh si i fein co maith mar is cubuidh re deghmnai gaesmair." Ocus tuc an litir do Licas. Dochuaidh Licas tar ais a cenn Dianira 1 tuc an sgribinn ina laim. Ocus do leig e, ] ni tuc
-]

-]

-]

-]

H.2.7, 2g6b 35

297b

9.

Sommer

pp. 4S3

9.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

125

he had had he loved her the most. And they went to Greece, to the city of Lycia, a city which had been built by Hercules And the people of that city welcomed him previously. The Greeks dispersed to their own castles, and joyfully. Hercules passed his time between Athens and Thebes, two noble cities, and it was in them that he usually (?) lived. And his fame and renown were heard throughout all Greece on that adventure. Deianira heard that Hercules had come to the city of Lycia, and she was filled with great And she sent a squire named Lichas from among her joy. followers to Hercules in Lycia. And he met one of Hercules' squires on the way and asked where Hercules was. The warrior " said that he was in the city of Lycia. And he has a wife there who is dearer to him than Deianira, namely lole the daughter of Picus king of Calcedonia, the nlost beautiful and shapely of all the women of the world in her time." When Lichas heard that he returned sorrowfully by the same road and related those tidings to Deianira. She fainted and swooned when she heard those tidings, and her female attendants were sad and disWhen she had recovered from her swoon she said pirited. " O poor, miserable, imfortunate Deianira, what wilt thou do now, for thou art no longer in favour and thou hast been left (?) alone without a husband. And O Hercules," said " now though high the rank of dignity and empire who at another time wouldst not have me for any woman in the world." And messengers and a and when two writing with the speech miles from the city of Lycia (?) he met a servant of Hercules' following and asked him where Hercules was, and the servant said he was hunting in a forest and that he had killed a stag. Then Lichas went into the forest and met Hercules and gave the writing into his hand. And he read it, and he blushed
:
,

on reading it. They saw lole (coming) towards them at that moment, and she greeted Hercules respectfully, and she had three hundred noblewomen with her that day. Hercules put away the letter and went to meet lole and took her by the hand and brought her with him thus into the city. And he himself went to a lonely place and re-read the letter. And he himself
wrote another letter saying Let not Deianira believe evil of me, and let her guard herself well as becomes a wise noblewoman." And he gave the letter to Lichas. Lichas went back to Deianira and gave the writing into her hand, and

"

126
sin suilbhirccht
2455

STAIR ERCUIL

-]

BAS.
:

na solas di. Ocus is cdh adubluiirt " is truag duit Yolc naimdemail nemcarthanach Ercuil," ar si, at a ina namait duit iar marbhadh a lir ] a hathar 1 a
-j

"A

2460

2465

2470

2475

ina matliair cloinni agud, an righan do posais ara gradh ara cairdes ara dcghdcilbh Ocus dobheV-sa mo mhallacht duit a hucht do threicin. Oir is inghcn do loib do gairinn dim fein dod na ndee. thalman do goirind do lubiter. Ocus ghradh-sa 1 ri nime nf gair[fjed sin co brach aris. Ocus a Ercuil," ar [si ?], " se roba bes duit a tosach do be[tha ?] s gh an chcirt na cora. Ocus do na locht 1 na hegora do gradaighis in egoir thre is [t ?]osach maith tic drochtosach ag duine ar nech 1 droch gad (?) d cath (?) mar nach fuil ort-sa, a Erc[uil]," ar si. " Ocus ni feduim-si trina ndenunn tu d'olc orum biadh na deoch do chaitheam, na colladh do dhenum, uair in tan toites colladh orum taibhrighter damh daine ar ti mo marblitha 1 airm nochta ina lamhaibh, leoghain draguin 1 ilpiasta Ocus ni binn Hum ni da cluinim, neimi ar ti mo marbtha. ] ni hait Hum ni da faicim, i do buaidredh mo menma uili." Ocus do sgribhadh na briathra sin uili. Ocus do chuir Licas do leigh se an litir sin. leis cum Ercuil, Ocus do gabh ro bui aga bron 1 aithrechus e, ] docuaidh ina seomra,
1
-]

bunudlicinil do beith ina righain

-j

-]

-]

-]

"1

-]

-]

-]

-j

2480

cinnus dodhenum se. Ro atbert co rachadh co Sliab Othia fagaibh in seomra iarum, Ocus tuc se craidhail fo pein do denum othrala d'Apaill. a anma ar gach nech gan aonduine do dul les sa sliabh acht
sduider ina

menmain

(298a)
-|

Ocus ag fagbhail na cathrach do tarda fochtuis de cred in fregra dohheiredh a[r] Dhianira. " " no Adubhairt Ercuil NI cian co rach-sa dia fis," ar se,
Filoces ina aenar.

Licas

fair,

-]

cuirfed techta cuicci."

2483

Ocus ro imtigh
si

leis sin

mar a

roibh

Dianira,

-]

ro fhiarfaigh

scela de cred dorinde Ercuil ar

Adubhairt Licas co tainic loisi de ar leighedh na litreach. " CO roibi co bronach asa haithli, ] do geall se tosaigh, 1 techt CO luath mar a mheir-si, no techta do chur cugud."
2490

Ocus ba bind leisin righain na scela sin. Ocus docuaidh iarmn ina seomra 1 tuc le in gum neimi ro fagaibh Nesus tuc si sguird do aici .i. in fodhmoir torchair la hErcuil, ro erb ar mnai da banntracht a sguirdibh Ercuil cuichi, an ola neimi do chumusc trithi. Ocus glanadh co prap docuaidh boladh na neimi fan mnai do glan an leine, 1 ba
-]

-]

-j

H.2.7, 297b 9

298

a 23.

Sommer

pp. 489

95.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

127

she read it, and that neither cheered nor comforted her. And " she said O Hercules, thou art to be pitied in having as thy queen and as the mother of thy children the hostile unloving lole who, since thou hast slain her husband, her father
:

is thine enemy, and in deserting the queen thou didst marry for her love and friendship and beauty. And I curse thee by the gods. For I was wont to call myself Jove's daughter on account of thy love, and I called Jupiter the king of heaven and earth, and I will never call

and her family,

whom

that again. And Hercules," said she it was of the thy custom in the beginning of thy life (?) of right and justice. And crimes and injustice and and thou hast loved injustice good

him

"

(?)

a person has a bad not on thee, Hercules," said " she. And from the evil thou doest me I can neither eat nor drink neither can I sleep, for when I fall asleep I dream that there are people about to kill me, with bared weapons in their hands, and lions and dragons and various venomous and nothing I hear sounds sweet reptiles about to kill me beginning on a beginning
;

man and

a bad
is

as there

to

me and

nothing

see pleases me,

and

my

whole mind

has been troubled." And all those words were written down, and she sent Lichas therewith to Hercules. And Hercules read that letter, and he was filled with grief and remorse

and went

to his

he should act.

room and pondered in his mind as to how Then he left the room and said he would

go to Mount Oeta to make an offering to Apollo. And he gave a general decree on pain of death that no one should follow him to the mountain except Philoctetes alone. And as he was leaving the city he met Lichas, who asked what "I will go answer he should give Deianira. Hercules said to see her before long, or else I will send her messengers." And with that he {i.e., Lichas) departed to where Deianira was, and she asked him wliat Hercules had done after reading the letter. Lichas said that he blushed at first and that " afterwards he was sad. And he promised to come to thee soon or else to send thee messengers." And the queen was pleased with the news, and she then went into her room and fetched the poisoned ointment which Nessus, the centaur whom Hercules had slain, had left with her. And she took one of Hercules' shirts and ordered one of her women to clean it quickly and to mix the poisoned oil through it. And the fumes of the poison affected the woman who cleaned the shirt
:

128
2(95

STAIR ERCUIL
In'

A BAS.
la

marbh

do.
-]

Ocus

in uair
hi.

rob fada

Dianira ro bui in ben

::5oo

2505

2510

cle don an Icinc do ccngal a n-edacli, dorighne anilaidh. Ocus do cuiredh Licas le cum Ercuil. Ocus is e inadh a fuair so Ercuil a tcmpall Dcaain ar Sliab Oethia, i Filoces iar ndcnum tinedh moraidhbli do mar idhbuirt dona dcibh. 1 OS alaind allta ro marbh Ercuil arna chur innti. Is ann sin tuc Licas an Icine do Ercuil, i dorug in rigmile buidhcchus na Icined re Dianira, uair do shail corob ara les d(jfuair hi. Ocus do ben a edach de, do chuir an leine uimc. Ocus ro airigh se a Ian cneidi galair arna li'nadh ar cur na leined uime. Ocus iar teighedh na leinedh ma cnes do len si (298b) da chorp, do las se ar Iar na lenedh, T ro aithin ann sin neimh do beith innti, gur thruaill si a chorp uili. Ocus ro ben se a edach de coruigi in leine, nir fhed se in leine do buain de. Ocus is ann sin ro bui in trenmile ag tarraing na leinedh in [a ?] blodhuibh bega da chorp, do tairrngedh se a apach a inathar ass re cois Is ann sin dorug se ar cois ar Licas, gach boill don leine.

ro Icn hi

fuair

marbh

Ocus ro crb ar mnai

-]

bhanntracht

-j

-j

-]

-]

-J

-|

-|

-)

ro buail fa cloich e gurba

marbh amlaidh.
-j

Ocus an

ti

2515

ro bui a farrudh Licas do teith man caiUidh. Ocus ro bui Ercuil iarum re buili ar Iar na leinedh, se ina rith suas
t

anuas

re

cairrgibh

corracha

re

fantaibh fuarfliucha an

tshleibhi.

2520

" Ocus adubhairt Ercuil A Dianira," ar se, " is fada o erus duit mar olc i (?) do mnaibh in domun mo marbhadh-sa tre idhain aingidhe adhuathmazV eda. Ocus ni tuc[th]a d'fher d'fheruibh in domun taebh re mnai tar ni m'eisi, Ocus a Dianira," ar se, " is gebuid seoid na socar uatha.
:

-]

2525

is mor arn] nert truagh duid, aingidhechta duid in ti nar fhedudar iir in talman bleidhmila in mara ilpiasta in domun dee demnachta in beta do chur cum bais co tainic dod drochbh^i>t-si a marbhadh fos ni bia re rad tar eis a ndemus[-s]a do deghgnimarthaibh corob le mnai do toitfinn,
-] -\

-]

-j

-j

2530

duil is uaisli dona Ocus do gabh se ag tarraing na crann asa premuib, ag togbail na cairrgedh co mor cloch da n-aitibh, 1 aga mbrisedh itir a glaccaib. Ocus tuc a bodhbha a shoighde d' Filoces, n do chuir a bennacht docum Yole 1 cum a bunaidhcineil budhein. Is ann sin dorinde Ercuil tor

acht

fuileongad
.i.

mo marbhadh don

duilib

don
-j

teine."

-|

H.2.7, 298a 23

298b

37.

Sommer

pp. 495

9.

LIFE
so that she died.
for the

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

129

And when Deianira grew tired of waiting she followed her and found her dead. And she ordered another woman to bind the shirt in a cloth, which she did, and Lichas was sent with it to Hercules. And he formd Hercules in the temple of Diana on Mount Oeta,

woman

where Philoctetes had made for him a huge fire as a sacrifice to the gods, on which had been placed a beautiful wild deer which Hercules had killed.

Then Lichas gave the shirt to Hercules, and the royal warrior thanked Deianira for the shirt, for he thought that And he it was for his own good that he had received it. took off his clothes and put on the shirt. And when he had
felt himself filled with many wounds and and when the shirt became heated on the skin it body and he became inflamed with the shirt around him and then he perceived that there was poison in it and that it had infected his whole body. And he took off his clothes till only the shirt remained on him, and the shirt he could not take off. And then the strong

put on the shirt he

sickness, stuck to his
;

much

warrior

fell

to tearing the shirt in small pieces

from his body,

and with every piece of the shirt he tore out his entrails and intestines. Then he seized Lichas by the leg and struck him against a rock so that he died. And he who was with Lichas
fled

through the wood.

And
"

then Hercules,

still

wearing the

shirt,

became frenzied and fell uneven rocks and the cold, wet

to running up and down the slopes of the mountain.

Hercules said O Deianira, long is it since I refused to admit that thou of all women wouldst be evil enough to kill me through a wicked, terrible pang of jealousy. And no woman is to be trusted by any man after me, nor will they have wealth or profit of them. And Deianira," " said he, woe to thee, and great is thy wickedness that it was through thy evil deed that came the death of him whom the men of the world, the monsters of the sea, the reptiles of the earth, and the devilish gods of the world could not do to death. And yet it shall not be said after all the good deeds I have done that I fell by the hand of a woman but I will suffer myself to die by the most noble of the elements, namely fire." And he began to tear trees from their roots and to raise the rocks together with many stones from their positions and to break them between his hands. And he gave his bow and arrows to Philoctetes

And

and sent

his blessing to

lole

and

his

own

family.

Then

130
*'-"

STAIR EKCUIL

A BAS.
-]

ro sin in treinmilc troathiinruagh tromlasrach leinntighi, do dirigh Ocus do sin a lama docum nime, fuair bas a rose osa (2q()a) (osa) cinn docum an Duileman,
e fcin isin tcine.
-]

-]

3540

sin. Ocns do chruiimigh Filoces corp an trenmiledh dia bhreith dia annlucudli don tempull ro ordaigh fein do denum Docuaidh Filoces co cathraigh Lisi, san Edaille ar Euan dor.

amlaid

-\

ro innis in morecht sin.

c ^ ar

Ocus do cainedli acu co tromtaibhuili

scnach
1 re

fedh na Grcigc

goluibh greannmara guthlinecha, a bas connicci Conidh i stair Ercuil

-]

mailli hcighim arda acaintecha, re lamcomairt lamh. -j

sin.

FINIT.

2345

so.

Dichunia Dianira ingine righ na Cailidoine fa Ercuil ann Oir in tan dochualaidh Dianira bas d'fagbhail d'Ercuil
"

3350

2555

is mairg truag in gnim sin," ar si, mathair dorad idain gum hreiih ar son in morechta sin doronus. Ocus is truagh a thecht dim bas d'faghail don te ro marbh in da nathraigh ncime ina naidhin, i an te dorug geall gaiscidh o Ghregachaibh uili a cinn a sheclit mbltadhun ar faidchi na Teibhe. Ocus is c Ercuil ro marbh atach coimeda Oilcin na Caerach Corcra, t is e ro cengail Filoces CO feramail (?), tug a anam do iar n-anmain aigi na oglach indraic co bas. Ocus ro ghabh in t-oilen, do bronn na caeir[i]gh corcra do Ghregachaibh. Ocus is e Ercuil ro marbh in bleidhmil muiridhi ar cuan na Trae, d'ainic ingen
;

adubhairt

"

Is

-]

-\

-\

Laimedon ar
tri
2560

bas.

Is re sin

adubhradar na Ulidh da mbeith

coillti

ced cursun cnamremar

ar aentshlighi

ag tarraing in bleidhmil

2565

2570

nach berdais aencoisceim da hait 1 da hinadh hi. Ocus ro tarraing Ercuil ar tiurmach na talman lena lethlaim i. Is e Ercuil tuc cath do Laimedhon, 1 ro bhris air, do marbh forgla a mhuinn[tir]e, 1 ro mnraidh Conid i cedtoghail na (299b) a chathair 1 ro loisc iarum. Trae sin. Is e Ercuil ro marbh na Icomain ro bui ag innrudh na crich na ferann. Ocus fa croicenn leomhain dib fa hin[ar?] cnis do re fedh a betha. Is e Ercuil ro marbh in ri coirpthi claenbrethac[h] ro bui aran Eigipti, drong mor da muindtir. Ocus do gabh in Eigipti uili iar sin. Is e Ercuil ro marb ced fomoir ferrda fedmlaidir ar banais Phr/'odes mic lasoin 1
sin
-\
-] -\

K.2.7 2g8b 37

299b

II.

Sommer

pp. 499

^^501.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

131

Hercules made a red-blazing, densely-flaming piled fire, and And he the strong soldier laid himself down in the fire. stretched his arms towards heaven and directed his eyes above him to the Creator and died thus. And Philoctetes gathered up the body of the strong warrior to bring it to be buried in the temple which he {i.e., Hercules) himself had ordered Evander to build in Italy. Philoctetes went to the city of Lycia and related that great death. And he was mourned by them with great pomp, and throughout all

with loud, mournful cries and fierce, sorrowful and with beating of hands. So that that is the story weeping THE END. of Hercules and his death thus far.
Greece,

is the lamentation of Deianira daughter of the king For when Deianira heard that Calydon for Hercules. " Pitiiul is that deed," said she, Hercules was dead she said " and woe to the mother who suffered pangs in bearing me, on account of the great crime I have committed. And pitiful it is that from me should come the death of him who killed the two serpents while yet an infant, of him who at the age of seven excelled in feats of arms all the Greeks in

This

of

Thebes. And it was Hercules who killed guarding the Island of the Crimson Sheep ; and it was he who bound Philoctetes bravely (?) and spared his life on condition that he should remain with him as a faithful servant till death, and captured the island, and And it was bestowed the crimson sheep on the Greeks. Hercules who killed the sea-monster in the harbour of Troy, and saved Laomedon's daughter from death and it was of
the the

arena of
giant

(monster) that the poets said that if three hundred thick-boned, gelded chargers were pulling that great serpent
that

together they would not have moved it one pace from its and Hercules dragged it on to dry land place and position
;

with one hand. It was Hercules who gave battle to Laomedon and defeated him and killed the pick of his men and pillaged his city and then burnt it. That was the first destruction of It was Hercules who killed the lions which were Troy. devastating the countries and territories, and it was the hide of one of them which he wore as a tunic next his skin during his lifetime. It was Hercules who killed the sinful, unjust who ruled over Egypt, together with a great number of king
his followers,

and conquered

all

Egypt afterwards.

It

was

132
inginc rig

STAIR ERCUIL

BAS.

9575

2580

3585

na hispime. Is e Ercuil ro marbh Lingcus cona do gabh da aimdeoin a cathair fair chcd fomoir mar aen ris, a oidc .i. Craidon ri na Tiabhanach. a ndighail a clcnma Is c Ercuil ro marbh Laimhedlion i ro innraidh in Trae in dara fccht a ndigail in uairdo chuir stoirm anfaidh a tir e t e ag dul d'fagail in chroicinn ordha Ic hiason mac lason co tir na Colach. Ocus nir fulaing Laimedon doib dul na tir in do tilg amach fon muir iatt. Is e do chuir da aidhchi sin, torcair .x.c. da .xx.c. le laim Ercuil cath for ri na Libia, annsa ccdcath dib. Is c Ercuil ro ghabh caislen Aitilais do marbh a muinglter, ro cengail Aitilas fein. in[a] aenar, Is Is e Ercuil dorindi na secht n-eladhna saera re mi amain. e Ercuil ro marbh ri na Libia annsa dara cath tug se do. Is e Ercuil ro cengail Sinoip da hainneoin .i. righan uasal i bangaisccdhach crodha ro bui a^g] gobhail in doman no gur
-]
-]
-\

-]

-|

-j

-]

2590

Is e Ercuil tuc cath d'Aitilas 1 coisc Ercuil da diumus hi. do marbh a muindter ar son mar adubhairt nach gebad gan Dianira inghen righ na Cailidoine d'fhagail d'ais no d'eigin. Is e Ercuil ro marbh in cur ingnatach [ar ?] comgar na cathrach Ocus is amlaidh ro bui an bethadhach re n-aharr Lirue. erball adhuathmar, 1 lamha duine aigi, sin 1 cenn airm throma, 1 eidedh daingin, i urlabhra duine. Ocus do Monstrae a ainm." thoit se la (la) hErcuil.
-] -|

H.2.7, 299b II

41.

Sommer

p. 501.

LIFE

AND DEATH OF HERCULES

133

Hercules who killed a band of valiant, powerful centaurs at the wedding-feast of Pirithous son of Aeson and the daughter It was Hercules who killed Lycus of the king of Hesperia. with his band of centaurs and took his city by force from

him in revenge
king of the

for his father-in-law

It

Thebans.

and fosterfather, Creon was Hercules who killed Laomedon

and pillaged Troy the second time in revenge for the time when he had been driven ashore by a storm when on his way to the land of the Colchians with Jason son of Aeson to get the for Laomedon had not allowed them to Golden Fleece land in his country that night, but had driven them out to sea. It was he who twice engaged the king of Libia in battle, and five thousand fell at Hercules' hand in the first of the It was Hercules who captured Atlas' castle singlebattles.
;

killed his men and bound Atlas himself. It was Hercules who learnt the seven liberal arts in one month. It was Hercules who killed the king of Libia in the second It was Hercules who battle which he fought against him. bound by force S5mope, the noble queen and brave female warrior who was conquering the world till Hercules humbled her pride. It was Hercules who gave battle to Achelous and killed his men because of his avowed determination to get Deianira daughter of the king of Calydon by consent or by It was Herciiles who slew the wonderful fighter near force.

handed and

Lema and that creature had a human head and arms and a terrible tail, and heavy weapon?, and It was slain by Hercules, stout armour, and a human voice. " " was its name." Monstra and
the city called
;

NOTES
[The Notes deal mainly with differences and resemblances between (reff. to pp. of Sommer's edition) not mentioned in In addition all departures from the MS reading the Introduction. are here noted, and a few words and passages discussed.]

SE and Caxton

" How lupiter lave with Alcumcna And how quene luno two serpentes for to slee hercules/And how hercules stranglid the two serpentes," 226-245. The genealogies are from Caxton 224. with addition of 2 ff. Saturn and Uranus by SE.
1-118.

sente

7.

MS

coibnesaim
"

feisside,

cf.

ig.

Bothemc
caistiall

Thelleboye," 228.

559. Introd.

39.

26.

"

The

ca.stell

of arciancie,"

229.

43 fif. Col. 258b is badly rubbed. In Caxton 230 Jupiter disguises himself as Amphitryon and Ganymede as Amphitryon's squire. " a nyght and a day," 233, re fead da la On an erasure. 52. " a day and two nyghtes," 234. " oon of the seruantes of the place," 233. niodad (?) 59. " And wende she had dremed," 234. 66. fordol eigin druidhechta

cf.

cunmsc The transl. should perhaps be corrected to cohabiting,' Contribb. s.v. cummasc. Ircail The usual form is Ercuil, cf. Ercules 96. 6g.
68. 77. 79.
82.

'

aenben

"

Galantyse," 235.

Leg. ag imsmedh ? " she ro dhelbh si hi fein

that other
to
crosse

made her legges to crosse on ouer .... Alcumena .... began the same wyse her legges on ouer that other .... they fonde her neuer in oon
and
figures of bestes or of

semblance and likenes/.

in diuerse liknes

For at eche a tyme she transfigured her women .... and had transformed her in to the guyse and forme of a cowe," 236-8. A space has been left in the MS as if the name was to have 97. " And that other had to name ypecleus," 239. been inserted later. In Caxton Juno has here a long soliloquy ro but aga thur 98. on ner misfortunes, 239-240. " alle were aferd to take away the serpentes nir fedsad 104.

Anguysshe .... the serpentis that he held in his handes which were swollen of the venym," 243. timthirigh MS timthir 105. tempull na ndee Not mentioned in Caxton, cf. C52, 1631. 112. mornaighen MS morranaigliin, with some undecipherable word above the line. Leg. malairt vd mormarbhadh na naidhen sin ?
fro fere of

136
(Y. S6S. T064.

NOTES.
ro eirigh si
is

In Caxton (244-5) Juno

is

in the

crowd

vhcn Amphitryon
Jupiter
117.
is

exhibiting Hercules, and spreads a rumour that

his real father.

Craidhon "he (Amphitryon) callyd the kynge Eristeus and See Introd. prayd hvm that he wold do norysshe hercules," 245.

38-

How hercules began to Olympades and how he waxe amerous of Megera the dougliter of the kynge of Thebes And how he shcwid his strength in alle mancr of games And apertyses,"
11S-216.

"

246-261.

hercules was norysshid in an hous 118. sliabh adhbiilnwr that stood in the playn feldes^and was often tymes put oute in to And laye the moste parte of that tyme vpon the rayn and wynde. " he thought that the erthe wyth oute ony other bedde," 247.

"

These two passages he wold goo vpon the mount Olympus," 248. have been run together in SE, and ]\Iount Olympus is replaced by faidhche na Tcibhe. " At .xiii. yer of his Age," 247. Co cenn secht mhliadhan 125. " he was than .xiii. yer old full accomplisshid," 253. The lists in SE and Caxton are identical. 138 ff. Atemis, etc. For the names see Index, and Introd. 40. " cranncaistiall, etc. 142 f. Theyr tentes and loggys of howes and leues and theyr tabernacles," 251. " scaffoldes (leg. bowes) and place.s," 252.
148. 153.
172.

togtha

See Gloss.

Airdissi Introd.

40.

Some masc. name

"

of a kind of cloth omitted.

No

space

in

MS.
193.

rennars

And cam ... to fore ro fhagaib .... and some men saye that he ran
ff.

alle

the

ryders

&
an

also sw}rftely as
list is

herte," 256.

197

ro bill fuath elifinnti,

etc.

In Caxton this

contained

in the letter .sent

by Hercules
There

to the various towns

and provinces,
here.

249-250.

has

201. "

inti rob foidi

is

an obvious omission

Caxton
sheef of

And he

that

is

best at ferre shall haue a

bowe and a
206.

Arowes," 250.
204.
ro fhoglmil

From

fo-ddli,

cf.

doib

This detail

is

not in Caxton.
208. 209. 211.

Dia na Naduire

See Introd.

8.

MS
do

nanathraigh.
rat-san

" The fayr megera herde gladly the gradh loos and prej'sing that men gaf hym," 257. In Caxton Megara is

mentioned

earlier, 254-5.

omits the tourneys between Ixion and Tandarus and others, which Hercules helps the weaker party, Caxton 258-261.
216.

SE

Aeiiach na

mBuadh

See note to 118.

NOTES.
"

137

217-372.

How

how he vaynquysshid
Introd.
225.
227.

hercules saylled by the see in to esperye. the yle with the moutons or shepe

And And

vaynquysshid philotes And slewe his felawe," 262-270.

3.

See also

comaidhci

MS

alien suthach

oaidhci. "

the regyon of hesperye," 262.

30.

cairibh con

n-oluind corcra leo

See Introd.

The descriptions of the island and the giant are due 232-255. to SE. Caxton has merely " The geant that was comysid to kepe the entre and the warde of the yle slepte not at that tyme/whan the

grekes descendid But yssued oute of his hows And cam alle Armed vnto the strayt passage/where myghte no man gon vp but oon at ones," 265.

Perhaps the 241. 1246, 218S.

247
is
ff.
-J

MS

reading

faebar ger should stand, but

cf.

and the apples

as

moche

so For the confusing of the sheep " the quotation Introd. 30, and For mala in greke to saye as sheep in englyssh or moutons in frenshe," 284^
is

frisin n-alen

cf.

"

B}^ this

gardyn

is

subtyll geant comysid to kepe hit that allway by the Apples of gold ben vnderstand the

vnderstonde the yle/By the serpent wakyyng/the wook at the paas And sheep/Extymed to the
ib.

valeur of the weyght of fyn goold, uball MS. umall. 250.

252.
b}-e

comthrom do dhergor

"

they that

may haue them muste

cf.

them
256
ff.

at grete pris of gold," 263,

and

the notes

to 247

and

256.

Cein mair dun

as

coste

hym

moche golde

ram and an ewe for no sheep in grece," 264.

a
273.
iliniiid oir

sayyng to hem that he wold that hit weye and that he hadde to engendre in his contre/In that tyme were
as a payr moutons
" 265.
it

"

279. 288.

Expanded from money Inowe," " there hangyng on a tree," 265. fora incaibh
reimhorach

Doubtless a scribal error, but

is

difficult

original reading was. metimarcc See Gloss. 299. " 321 ff. coir n-imagallma philotes had many wordes vnto And hercules told hym hercules and demaunded fro whens he was.

to suggest

what the

the trouthe After they spack of theyr bataylle," 267. innis Leg. innisin ? 323.
325.
329.

a ndorone riam Cf. 1268.

And at the seching and pourchas of philotesThey promysid eche to other That yf ony of hem were vainquysshid/ he that were vainquysshid and ouercomen for to saue his lif/shold
cunnradh
be holden to serue truly the vainqueur
330. 331.
alle
all

"

his

lif

duryng &c.," 267.

MS

friaaraili.
"

aruidhecht aivm

he wolde bere his Armes After hyna in

place where he shold goo," 270.

138
332. 334. 335-

NOTES.
Dia nime Not in Caxton. Aurora See Tntrod. 8. " hercules was allc esioyed rob\a l]uth
268. "

Philotes

was ryght loyous."

iiiiarcrai^^h 339. yet he myght neiier attaync to smyte philotes a playii strook (I-'r. attaindre a playn coup) for as moche as pihilntes was aboue on tlic paas/whiche conteyneth well two cubitcs of hcighte,"

269.
345.
ro

hie a n-ennirtte
self

reculed

hym

sprang doun
366.
367.

fro

began to smyte more febly were a ferd philotes the paas .... repentyd hym that he descended
. . .

"

....

the

grekes

fro the paas," 269.

MS

friaaroile.

tiic ri amra phylotes .... after loued well hercules See Gloss, s.v. lam. trwly serued hyxn euer after," 270. 369 flf. In Caxton Hercules kills the monster at Troy on his Avay back with the sheep, the distribution of which does not take

nach

"

&

place
283.

till

no mention

after Hercules has been ejected from Troy, while there is of sheep being given to any other than Eurystheus, "

How hercules fought at the poort of troye ayenst 373-382. a monstre of the see for the daughter of kynge laomedon," 271-280, " How Laomedon shette hercules oute of troye And how hercules sware that he wolde avenge hym," 280-285, " How hercules had batayll agaynst the kynge laomedon And how he vaynquysshid and
destroyed troye the
"
383-431.
first

tyme &c.," 285-296.

be found in SE.
foughte

lines of this episode are to

Only the See Introd.

thre

first
2.

few
the

Howe

hercules

ayenst

lyons

in

foreste of nemee.

and how he slewe them and tooke their skvnnys or hides &c.," 297-302. Juno incites Hercules to go against the
384.
in

lions, 297-S.

"
t-aonfer

a pastour or a hierdman

named melorcus,"

299.

And

Bui didiit leogan " he was as hyhe as an olyphant .... was twyes so grete as the hede of a bool but the grete lion had his skyn so hard/that his swerd myght no more entre therein than hit myght on a grete stedy," 299-300.
390
ff.

his hede

393. 394.

MS

arrasacht.

ailtinecht leg. ailtni[d]echt P

In Caxton (304-5) Juno makes a longer 427 ff. A Ercuil, etc. speech, which belongs to the next (Busiris) episode and is part of Juno's plan to make Hercules risk his life again. " How luno sente hercules in to egypte for to be slayn 432-504. of the tyrant Busire and how hercules slewe the the tyrant

hoope and
444.

will of
-J

filedh

ayenst luno," 302-308. Cf. Eriu v 145 ff. " his clerkes that helden the science of fellsuman

zorastes," 303.

NOTES.
457.

139
indistinct

After

MS

ceil

there are

some

marks

possibly

denoting insertion of -g. " a cathrach 461. cyte of menphyn," 306. 477. glonn Scribal error for gualainn ? " ro idhbiiir 479. they prayd hym. that he wold sacrefyce their sayd kynge," 307. " the goddes by this answer wold haue in corb e in ri 486. sacrefice the blood of busire," 303. This eulogy is quite different 496 fif. Mav theid in finemhain " from that in Caxton yf he were puyssant and stronge of body/he
:

was yet more stronge

stone
is

of vertue for hit

was

sette in

hym

as the precyou?

in gold /and as the odour is in the flour/And as the raye or Sonne beme is in the sonne/he was belouyd of kynges, etc.," 308.

505-555.
flf.

"

How

hercules espowsed megera and

si, etc.

how

he was

made

knyghte Uair 509 due to SE.

516.
518.
eyber

in thebes &c,," 308-315.

ro bid

This description

is of

course entirely

"

This passage has been expanded from Caxton's by what fortune fynde I me in the grace of so gentil a man as ye be/your excessiue prowes your glor^'ous labours your resplendant vertues ben so moche of value that ye ar worthy to haue to wyf the flour of ladyes and the choys," 311. mbedais MS mb'-]dais. 527. " a oide a athar hercules assemblid Euristus and amphitrion/ 532.

ro pocsat 523 ff. a thuiy "

The gardyn of the palays," 310. " he made to them the reuerences,"
nar traethadh

310.

-j

and .... prayed them that they wold goo to kynge Creon to knowe see Introd. 38. yf he wold give hym his doughter megera," 312 539 ff. In Caxton the jousts take place after the marriage of
;

Hercules at a special
312-3.

meeting held
"

when he

is

being

knighted,

545.

uair bui caradrad

many

grete strokes

but lason

&

he

reseruyd lason/whiche .... gaf hym .... so moche that no man abode on the place And than he lefte and sessed the loustes for the

vailliance that hercules fonde in lason/and ever after he had a specyall love to hym/and toke acqueyntancc of hym and tested hym & made

hym

grete chere," 314. Lisne Introd. 40. " in thessalonyquc," 315. techt 550. " How the centaures rauysshed 556-626.
548.

ypodame

at the

weddyng

of Pirothus.

And how Hercules

recouerd her agayn and vaynquysshid

in batayll the centaures," 315-320.

It is difficult See Introd. 39. hispirne or Hispirne, as the name occurs only in Gsg. after the article. Cf. however the name Yspan

556.

ingine righ

na hispirne

to

know whether we should read

'

Hyspan.'
557.

inmadha

The meaning

is

that of inbotha,

but the form

140
"^1

NOTES.
pi.

srrms unfluonccd by inbaid, which in the

bringing
559.
forth.'

can mean

'

time

of

564.

feisidc ro iar lason

Cf. Cf.

Guy
7.

90.8, Arch,

iii

164, no. 573.

Atorchair
"

For a similar idiom see 1264.

be

maad knyght ....

571.

the frendes of lason wolde that lason sholde jircscntcd hym to hercules," 316.
"

575.
adj.

347 15). nabudh agar leo " they hatyd hercules secretly. And they had envie of his glorye. they swore all the deth of hercules," 317. For agar see Gloss.
145, 581. 5S2.

may ZCP X

by Huricus," 316. subaigh This apparent inflexion of a predicatively used be an archaism or may conceal the adj. siibaid (Arch, iii 230,

ccd fomoir Captained

See Gloss,
sigi

s.v.

acnar.

Cf. TBC typically Irish expression. Feis Tighe Chonain (Med. and Mod. Ir. Ser.) 984 ff. " lightly and also swyftely as the hcrte rennyth in the valeye,'" 317.

584.

gaithl

3381

fj.,

587. fora incuibh See Gloss, s.v. oinech. 588-9. This rather clumsy sentence is due to the fact that SE here suppresses a proper name. In addition to Gryneus and Petreus

Hercules
592. 596.

slaj-s Dorillas,

Caxton 318.
"

comna
f.

See Gloss.

foghmoir dibh
Seth

597
607.

na
-\

lathfe

Pheotones," 318. " a mannys burthon," 318.

-\

Piotanes
astilo

Cilarus

Piseuni

"

Cilarus. pheotones. nessus.

lodeum. and piseon," 318. Note the omission of three names and the repetition of one in SE. 611. See Gloss, s.v. mudaigim. mughudh Leg. mudugud ? 618. dorat snamugh a anma do We should perhaps take Lingcus as the subject of the verb and translate left it to him to spare his

myncus.

'

life.'

626.

lasoin
"

Introd.

40.

How pluto rauysshid proserpyne/And how Orpheus 627-709. wente for her in to hell/and how quene Sera cam vnto the weddying of pirothus and how theseus and pyrothus fought \vyth Cerberus On this episode see Introd. porter of the sayd helle &c.," 320-329.
26.

This description and that in 11. 630 ff. fochuin in anma sin 762 ff. seem both to be derived from Caxton 329-30, which deal with the descent of Pirothous and Theseus into Infernus. ina aenar The first -a has been added later under the 641.
line, cf. 2581.

Leg. Sir a (?), cf. 689. Not mentioned in Caxton, who has merely tempull na ndee " ffeste of her ( Cf. 105, 1886. their) goddes," 321. " ro claen a rose 675. by the mene of certayn tokenes and signes that orpheus maad wuth his eyen/made her to cesse of her wepyng,"
649. 652.

324-

NOTES.

141

There are insertion-marks after lium-sa, but the word to 679. be inserted is not to be found in the margin. Leg. sin ? 682-3. do ben iiait A verb may have been omitted here, but the construction as it stands seems possible. Cf. 257-8, and also
686.
685.

gur

sill

hym And then he fonde away fro hym," 325.

" for to see yf ony man folowed for ais arin righain at his heles Cerberus that toke proserpyne

In Caxton (329 ff.) the narrative goes straight on to deal 709. with the rescue of Theseus, Pirithous and Proserpine by Hercules, the Andromadas incident coming later.

How Andromadas deliuerid lincus of his enemyes 710-751. And how he slewe in bataill the kynge Creon and toke the cyte of
thebes &c.," 337-342712.

"

Prim mac Laimedoin

is

not mentioned by Caxton in this

context.
716.

Andrumadas
I

lyncus," 338. do sgair 721.

723.

A. kynge of Calcide .... cosyn have been unable to identify this name.
See Gloss,
s.v.

"

vnto

scuirim.

In Caxton Andromadas decides of his own accord to attack Thebes in order to wreak vengeance on Hercules for the death of the centaurs, 339. " thre strokes with his swerd oon after tri beimenna 733. an other/And with the fpurthe strook he all to brake his helme from his hede and slewe hym," 341. SE here omits Caxton's account of Lycus' attempt to 751.
cuir festa
Cf. 879. persuade Megara to become his wife, 342. " How hercules fonde pirothus ded at the yates of 752-856. hell And Theseus in daunger and how hercules vaynquysshid Cerberus. And how he conquered proserpyne vpon pluto &c.," 329-337. SE here omits Caxton's account of the beginning of the fight between See however notes to 630 Cerberus and Theseus and Pirithous.

and

762.
'^S

"

757-

forrach

Thou hast put

to deth

vpon the erthe

my

good frende pirothus," 333.

This description is taken 762 flf. Is amlaidh ro but Ceribrus (with typical modifications) from the beginning of the fight in Caxton, See note to 630. 330.

Not in Caxton. Introd. 36. Leg. mor ? da mbeith gair seitreach Following Thumeysen, ZCP xi 310 f., I give 785. this under seidrech in Gloss., but I know of no ex. where it is spelt with -d-. See Dioghluim Dana Ixvii 16, and Dinneen s.v. eitir. " a lowe swalowe or abysme in the erthe," 330. na su[g]hmuirib
781.

cathrach
810.

MS

nachtcathrach.

milidh
slabra

MS

mil
?

i.

829. 833.

Leg. lairgni

"A

chayne of ademont yron

"
(336),

with which

142

NOTES.
Ih-rcDles releases th(^ prisoners

Cerberus bound his prisoners. binds Cerberus with the chain.

"
1838.

and

a stake," 337. " do thairrvgedar noyed and pyncd hym thro dayes longe contynuelly/drawynd hym by the berde and cracchyng hym in the The visage and after slewe hym Inhumaynly and horribly," 337.
peler

842.

Irish author seems to have had in mind the legal punishment of drawn.' Of. drawing, on the varieties of which see N.E.D. s.v.
'

FM

iii

550. 16.

This is from the beginning of adubhradar na filcdha 843 ff. the fight between Cerberus and Theseus and Pirithous, Caxton 330- r,. " where the order is to pryde. to auaryce. And to luxurye or lecherye." cennus The scribe here confuses on the one hand the 846.
concrete idea (cenn) and on the other the abstract one of
"

leadership,

pre-eminence." 856. On the colophon see SG ii. vii, and Melusine iv col. 135. " How hercules entrid in to Thebes in vnknowen habyte/ 859-893. And how he put to deth the geant lyncus and his complices and his

wyf megera &c.," 342-346.

862.
? Or eis (MS) instead of n-eis in 863 ? For mormarbhadh see note to 112. " a ndoigh gurb tat 870-1. wenyng that hit had ben his porters

Leg. fuaradar

868.

that affrayed," 344. 873 S. SE omits the assistance given by the to Hercules in his fight, Caxton 345.
880. 881.
is

women

of

Thebes

mo

dil

Idnaninuis

"

the mo.ste luxirious lady, etc.," 346.

"linens that thought on no thynge but for to do euyll/by the secrete Introduccon of luno," 346. Sec Introd. 8. 887-8. nar tnarbh mainistir This confusion of the Boeotian and Egyptian 889.
ainiles

mar

Thebes

is

also in Caxton,

"

a religion that

he ordeined in thebes in

the temple of dyane," 346. 890 fi. Ocus nir hiaithe Caxton.
"

This passage has no equivalent in

896-912.

How

hercules put to deth the kynge laomedon

And

At the beginning of destroyed Troye the seconde t>Tne," 347-351. " this section SE omits to mention And passyng by Licie where
hercules was

maad kynge,"
mention
of

347, but

cf.

548,

and Introd.
"

40.

SE
and

omits also
"

all

Caxton's

"

ysiphyle,"

Lennos,"

Phyneu.s," 348.

SE also omits 906. dofuair in croicenn ovda See Introd. 6. the giving of Hesione to Telamon, the first of the Greeks to enter The whole episode is dealt with verj- summarily both in Troy. SE and
Caxton.
"

913-966.

How

hercules

and

Affer

geant Antheon and how they vaynquysshid tyme &c.," 351-355. See Introd. 23-25.

assaillyd by batayll the hym in batayll the first

NOTES.
922.
AJJeif

143of

mac Abrani
Cf.

" Affer sonc 108

madyam
:

the

sone

of

habraham,"
African!

352.

Solinus

(Mommsen)

quidam

....

ab Afro Libyis Her cults filio dictam receperunt, and Mart. Cap. 667 Africa vero ac Libya dicta ab Afro Libyis Herculls filio. In Caxton Afer's army is 923. Maigionda See Introd. 39.
:

composed

of

"

egipciens," 352,
"

though in

SE

Hercules

i.s

leading

Greeks throughout.
the most conquerj'ng (gcant) that was in all the in Libia 926. parties of europe and libye/Cirenc. Trypolyn. Montaigne and all the For yles enhabited in this contres vnto the yles fortunate," 353.
39, and for Tripulin -stroke has doubtless been omitted.

Pires see Introd.

40.

In Motaighin an

teineclar Obviously the name of some part of a ship, but no hint in Caxton as to its exact meaning. Cf. cldr teine Teine may of course be for teinne 'strength.' 'fender,' Dinneen. I have failed to identify this name. Echee If it occurred 931. in SE only we might perhaps explain it as an alteration of Caxton's " Exione," which we do not find in SE, but both names occur in

929.

there

is

Caxton.
942. 952.

MS

docuadh. dorucadh o cheile

....

iat

"

hercules

and antheon were-

departyd by force of the prees," 354-5. " deich x. -\ da .xx. c. 961. thretty
967-1037.

thousand men," 356.

how he began to studie the scyence of astronomye and the seuen sciences lyberall &c." 355-3O1. ats memoratiua see Introd. 29. 971. " ca roibh se fro whens he cam," 357. 981.
hercules toke the kynge Athlas. and
982. 987.

"Plow

AMI as

Introd.
"

39.

hym in this armee. & be hissoldyour goo vp & ye shall fyndo hym in his castell, etc.," 357. " 993. ag derbhadh a mbuilli assayng them with swerdes and axes," 358. ro leig .... ris This point is not in Caxton. Introd. 998.
do cennach
yf ye will serue

35.

Re

1000.

1013.
3591016.

and ris goes with ro leig. thy doughters," 358. " nemhshanntach withoute enployyng of
rena,
"

shiur

all

his strength,"'

na seoid cle Not in Caxton. Adubairt Ercuil There is no dialogue in Caxton. 1022. An uair do cunnaic In Caxton (360) Philoctetesmerely has to praise Hercules and Atlas is converted.
1018
fi.
. . .

1 03 1. MS bilia. " How hercules assemblid his batayll ayenst Antheon 1038-1108. kynge of the libyens. the whiche he put to fiyght & slewe the kynge

of Cothulie,"

and

"

How

and putte

hym

vnto the deth

hercules fought agayn. ayenst kynge " &c., 361-366.

Antheon

144

NOTES.

" The numbers tally exactly batayllis," 361. 1041 fl. tri coirighti with those in Caxton, who, however, makes Antaeus command the
first

Sicily." batayll himself, no mention being made of the king of For the names Cotuli, Getuli, which seem to be mere variants of the same name, see Introd. 40.

"

"

"

104S

ff.

do chuir se Afer

"

two

bataylles wherof he conduyted

Hercules had made of his folke and ledde the first/Affer and

Theseus conduyted and guyded that other," 361. " a fair sone/whiche the cgypcycns had crowned tuac 1050. of egypte .... and was callid dedoum &c.," 360. kynge SE here anticipates. In Caxton 1051. fuair a mathair has this is mentioned in the episode of the Amazons, 366.
1068.
tOYchair ri

Cotuli

"

of Cothulye," 363. this point.

Note the absence

theseus and Affer slewe the kynge of Thesei^s' name from SE at

1081
1086. 1095.

ff.

na

ni fuil sen maith. "

fir

This speech

is

not in Caxton.

gorma
?

moryans," 3G5.
"

riu leg. ris

dealb 1098. like as hit had

the neck of the ymage began to sowne omits ben a man slepyng, etc.," 366. "The women were there all comune/& 1 102. gan fer d'airigthi whan hit happend that the women had children, they gaf hem to
the
1

SE

men
104.

after their

phisonomyes," 365.

mnaibh

and Theseus fought to geder ayenst 1109-H44. the two damoyselles of Sythye &c.," 366-370. mi. a techtairecht Leg. la t. ? Cf. 990, 995. 1112. Tisi See Introd. 11. " ladies .... taking vengeance 1113. /efcej/e Caxton here has pi.

MS mnaim. "How hercules

The transl. given follows of the Infortune of their husbondes," 366. the sg. do ghabh si. "for as moche as ye be of the lygnage of 1115. ni miadh le the egypcyens," 367.
1120.

ba

The
is

bus. of

1664 and

1769 would suit better here.

Ba

presumably condit. " 1 123. aiscedha amra Caxton has merely dyde grete honour and reuerence vnto the damoysell," 367. " " see Introd. 1 125. tainic For omission of Caxton's menalipe
it

as

stands

381

" Broder Atpert Erciiil giving actual words of Hercules.

133.
1

what

shall

this bee etc.,"

369,

143.

mnaibh MS. mnaim.

And
"

" How Hercules began to waxe amerous of deyanyra 145-1193. how achelous & hercules had bataill that oon ayenst that other/

and how achelous was vainquisshid," 370-378.

1146.

Calidoine

"

calcedonye," 370, see Introd.

39.

Aeneus

Oeneus,"

370, see Introd.

12.

NOTES.
1 1

145

15 1.
156.

Aitilas

Introd.

39.

sin Superflous here, having been taken over from constructions of the type iarna clos sin do, where no explanatory clause follows.
1

162.

Id

"

bagha

I shall

helpe

yow

yf hit be nede," 373.

See

Gloss.
1

167. 168.

osluic

MS

esluic.
cf.

erber

"

Caxton's

"

a grene place," 374,

516,

where the word translates

The translation gives the meaning seirci for E. 1 169. " from H.'s as required by the context, but the phrase should mean Cf. 2069-70. love for her," with objective gen. great
an treas cath "two bataylles/oon and 1 175. da cath the fyrste of his peple/and that other of the calcedonyens," 376.
-\

gardyn." la truma a

"

175-6.

calcedonyens
1

sluaghaibh na Cailidoine, Gregachaibh Caxton mentions " " and " yconyens." Opposing them are achayens,"
"

377183.

da mill deg
in tuir
"

twelue thousand," 378.

1192.
1

194-1222.

"How

casteW," 380. hercules put to vtterance the

kyng Achelous

And how he espowsed deyanyra &c." 378-84. SE does not 1194. tapur "torches," 381.
as does

bring out as clearly

Caxton the point of this incident, namely that it was an attempt made by Achelous to lure Hercules and his men unarmed into an ambush. SE omits all mention of Achelous' magic transformations, 1212. Caxton 384.
12 1 3.

1222.

oeneus sente kynge achelous in exyle," 385. Here follows the Nessus incident in Ca.xton, see Introd.
ro ela[i]dh
ft.

"

27,

and text 2266

"

How hercules fought agaynst the serpent of palu 1223-1367. Note the change in style in of lerne and slewe hym &c.," 388-394. this episode, on which the author of SE seems to have concentrated
all his literary ability

and learning, sometimes with

!

fatal results to

grammar.
rolodiiir Evidently to be taken as sg. 3 Not in Caxton. ilimud n-oir This description is greatly e.xpanded and 1229 ff. torathar heightened from Caxton's, 389-91. We would e.xpect Gsg. The 1232-3. adhfhuath, torathar construction seems to have been lost sight of in giving the list of epithets, though the Gsg. recurs in athaigh 1234. One of these should perhaps be calma 1236-7. -calma

1223.

1225.

cama.
1239.

See 2 comnaide in Gloss.

cf.

Troighidh

MS

troig-[.

We

should

perhaps read troigh,

1241.

1604.

Cf. Acad. Diet, gives eograinde 'point (?).' eo graine fogramne, with similar meaning, Sg Gj^i, Mer. Uil. 58, Ccath. ^S^^.

I4b

NOTES.

But the general construction seems to require two words, the second apparently Gsg. f. (see Contribb., Dinneen) and eo is frequently as nd is contracted we cannot emend to na ha. grdinne means the point of a spear equated with rinn and delg. We could therefore take the two words separately the or sword.' point of a .spike.' but in my translation I jircfer to maintain the comparison with jirickly jjlants, though I have no cxx. of grdinnc
in gen., for ailtinnc is
; '
'

('

eeir of corn.' grain of corn ') in the meaning It seems better to take the Irish as CO mbalclan 1246.

'

it

stand.s,

has a capital C, which might justify us in emending but a similar inconsistency occurs at 1372, where to Comba balclan Ro fhagaibh has the capital. MS seems to have hida. inda Reading doubtful. 1252. At 533, 796 etc. we have seitche without 1203. [ban- ?]seitce qualifying ban-, but here there is a space left by an erasure before settee, and banscitche occurs at 9, 71, etc. We would expect a following prep, i, but the rola 1264.

though the

MS

Cf. 559. archaisms in this passage are .seldom correctly used. 1268. Jeibh dorone riam Cf. 325. " This monstre was called ydre for ,as Greigbelradh 1279. moche as he dwellyd in the waters," 389. The detail about the Greek Cf. Boccaccio, Gen. Deorum, Book XIII chap. word is due to SE.

Hydram, quia more hydrae circumflcderetur et Hydor Graece aqua est, and Mythographus Vaticanus Nam Hydra ab uS(op, id est aqua, dicta est, as examples of III, 13. 4 Monstrae Introd. 41. the current explanation adopted by SE. We would expect The construction is loose. ennech 1284.
I
:

quam

uocauere

serperct, ac etiain
:

perhaps d'ennech. Do Ghregaibh 1299.

1302.

This typically Irish touch

is

not in Caxton.

in dal

fil

Reading very doubtful.

The sense apparently is that whoever leccini imclogh 1306. This is only answers the questions is allowed to depart in peace. " I am acustomed to make a questyon to suche implied in Caxton men as I fynde^'and them destroye yf they can not answer therto. and for as moche as I ne fynde .... but peple as bestes & with oute entendement/I have .... destroyed their blood etc.," 391. Hercules was of course the first who could hold his own in argument with the Hydra, and in Caxton he promises to fight tlie Hydra even " yf hit happe that thy scyence may not overcome me," ib. " For the meaning " examination 1313. cf. Du Cange repeticion s.v. repetere in Universitate Tolosana dicebantur noui doctores, qui For arrgamint for da auditas iani quaestiones proponebant soluendas.

tear a see Introd.

28.

1318. 1321. obscure. 1334.

MS

coscemh.

corcin

MS

po.ssibly

coroin,

but

the

passage

is

very

ind

MS

perhaps

inli.

NOTES.
1339^0

147
cf.

Might possibly be taken as the intensive, but

"

42,

2207.
1363.

And by

made sacrefyse vnto the goddes. idhhuirt don abach the fyre he consumed the monstre ydre," 393. Caxton gives more detail about the classical secht cind 1364.
"
1

myth, 392.

How hercules wente in to spaigne/& how he fought 368-1 436. in the see ayenst kyng Gerion & vaynquisshid hym and how he toke the cyte of megeda and entrid therin," 394-400.
SE lays more emphasis on military prowess " in Caxton honour in armes. in phylosophie. in and in alle other perfeccion &c.," 394. astronomye
1

371.

gaiscid

than

does

Delete ? SE has dealt freely with Caxton here 1377 ff. cethva colamna " he dide do make pylers or colompnes hyghe .... And vpon euery pilar .... he did do make an ymage of hard stoon in the semblance and likenes of a knyght lyke vnto hercules .... And there was
1376.
]
:

oon of the ymages that helde a table wherin was wreton wyth

letters

of gold/Passe no further .... Seuyle .... a cyte of grete renom/ wherfore in memorye therof he edefyed in that place a pilar of hard
stones, etc.," 396-7. ro delbh se 1386.

"

But Athlas by the scyence

of

Astronomye

contrarye/shewyng hym by certayne signes that hit was destyne that another shold make the Cyte," 397. Cf. 1926. 1 39 1. Cirion, dias derbrathar Caxton gives the classical tradition
councellid
of the three heads, 394.

hym

1398.

1402

ff.

ingen Afeir i.e. Echee, see 928 ff., 1051 f. In Caxton Hercules and Geryon meet
is

Megida may be mod. Merida, which from the sea.

1404.

on the river. on the Guadiana but miles

the Ryuer of guadiana," 398. SE also omits other geographical details about Geryon and Spain mentioned by Caxton.
sruth adbulmdr

"

the

A very free rendering of Caxton (399), with 1417 ff. Is dana touch in is docnir Hum, etc. added in SE. ainbfesach MS
The vb. must be impf. sg. 3, but the " in smytyng one of would have been closer to Caxton, cf.

ainmfesach. indus CO mbaidhedh 1430.

pret. pass,

the galeyes

hit to foundre," 400. gerion assaylled hercules the second tyme to fore megida. hercules slewe his brethern and vaynquys.shid his bataylles/And constraynd geryon to flee &c." 401-407.

... he made

1436-1522.

Howe and how

"

1439. 1444.
himself,

MS

cathughudh
righ

bis.

delbh

The king

in

question

is

of

course

Geryon

Caxton 402.
tvichad see Gloss.
.XXX. ridiri

1450.

"

1446.

.xx.x.

kynges," 402.

148

NOTES.

Africa and the Africans and Spain and the ri na hAfraici 1457. Cf. 1389-90 and Spaniards are frequently confused in this episode.
1464, 1473, 1513. 1584.X. mill -[ da .xx. mili 1459.
1460.
uighi
.u. la

"

well fyfty thousand

suffrid

men,"

"wynde and fortune

"

them

403. in fewe dales

to come, etc.," 403.

1469.
see

d'foslughndh

he dide do opene the yate. for to beholde

404.
loss of inflection in

&

what newe thynge was there,"

1477.

niadh Probably for nia, with

archaic

word.
1480. gunna Here, as at 1542 and 2180, the word obviously The means a missile of some description. Similarly Guy 46.28. " a missile hurled from an engine N.E.D. gives for gun the meaning " of war up to the 15th. century, whence presumably the sense here. The above seem the earliest exx. of the word in Irish. In the Annals See Journ. of the Galway Arch. gunna has the modern meaning. and Hist. Soc. viii. Compare the development of pirrel, piler, O'Gr. Cat. 12-13 n., RC 50. 275. 28, ALC i 328. 17 and n. da ced dairt " more than an hondred dartes," 405. 1491. " arda le dremirib They that bare ladders and other 1493. engyns were constrained to caste hem doun to the ground and to goo

to the bataille," 406. Ulixes ... do chiiir se Mailion Hercules had already 1507. " divided his army into two batailles," one, his own, of a thousand
.

I men, being brought to his rescue by Malion, Caxton 403-4, 406. have not identified Malion. " .X. mili .XX. Gerion loste moo then thertty thousand 151 1.

men,"

407.

15 14.
^5^7-

do chuirsit

MS

do chuirsin.

" home," 407. forin mbarr nibuabhiiill ff. A Mailion The direct speech is due to the author of SE. 1520 " And how he How hercules poursiewyd geryon. 1523-1619.

wente and vaynquysshid hym. and put hym to the deth at the poort of the Corongne," 407-13. -uir 1 has been inserted again in margin. 1523.
1524.

Teora
ff.

la

"

thre dales," 408.

1526

1545. for aghaidh.

ro tirigh Jerg Substantially the same as Caxton, 408-9. " tri kiiaire more than thre oures," 409. Adhaig presumably

1550
1563. 1568.

f.

nar

tigi

This metaphor
?

is

not used by Caxton.

ech leg. eich

do chuir Cirion a chin

self

This

may have

"Gerion prouyd hym

1579.

terribly,"
Irish.

406,

been inspired by and similar expressions,

but the idiom seems to be

ba rogha
lea

they that sawe hym/wold well that they had ben in their moders wombes/And that in fieyng they were in haste destressid they bete eche other in the see," 411.

"

NOTES.
1582.
1584.

149

ni moidi

Not

in Caxton.

Afraicceachaibh

See note to 1457.

In Caxton Geryon curses Fortune, 412. ag imdergadh " 1597-8- Do cuaid Cirion fon cath putte hym in the prees cryyng geryon. geryon," 412. 1607 ff. ro iheith Substantially as in Caxton 413-4, but the
1595-6Irish is as usual

more
"

colourful.

How Hercules founded the Cyte of the Coroigne 1620-1643. vpon the tombe of gerion," 413-415. " tanic ben cuigi that the first persone that wold come 1624. for to put hand therto shold haue the domynacon .... a woman
named coroigne was the
"
1631.
1632. 1633.
fyrst that

cam," 414.

tempull

a tour," 414. See note to 105. " a lampe," 414. lampaidh " ced bliadhan thre honderd yere," 414.
mirront. Sin Sem.
-j

1635
1642.

ff.

See Introd.

32.

in Caxton, 415, solempne feste," and departs. " How hercules assaylled the kynge Cacus and had 1644-1831. bataill ayenst hym. and ouercam hym/And how cacus began to
baillighi
-\

mair

where Hercules merely holds a

mera. "

Not mentioned

tyrannyse in Italye &c.," 415-427.

1644.
CO

cathyaigh

Megida

isin

Ghreig

A
lines

bad

mistake
that

in

The geography even for SE. cannot read 6 chathraigh, etc.

1645.
it

following

show

we
if

ri

SE

had already been used.

omits the name, and at 1650 mentions it as On the form Calcus see Introd. 31.

^^'^ l^g- '^0 ^^'c ? 1647. " helde in subieccion alle the contrey 1648. cathraigh na hitali in to ytaly," 415. SE is confusing here, the city in question really " being Cartagena, and the mountain Caxton's Monchaio," 416. ni dernaidh Ercuil Not in Caxton. 1653.

1656. 165S.

Castilliens

See Introd.
"

41.

athach econn
eidedh

open tyrant that haste the herte gretter

is

than thy body," 416.

1669
Introd.

ff.

There

no mention of armour in Caxton, see

35.

1676.
1674. 1680.

do berthai

We

should perhaps read mberadh in 1667 and

ri Naragime -\ ri Nauerre These kings had been killed by " them of tyre and of ancone whiche Cacus, see 1646-7 cf. perhaps were in the firste fronte of the batayll of hercules," 419. Also " " aragonnoys, etc.," 421, arragon and nauarre .... nauarroys & of the aragonnoys," 423. Riu leg. ris ?
;

1686.

an cedcorughudh
a chlogud
"

1694-5.
1704.

See previous note. do chuir Calcus a clu See note to 1568.

clefte his shelde in

two

partis," 419.

150
1

NOTES.
70S.
ilinntd

do

dhrithlennaib

lasamna

"hit semed to cacus

420.

that he
1712.

saw an honderd thousand candeUis,"

Cariane

This form occurs again at 17x5. "Cacus foughte in the dnaibsech 172 1 ff. do cliuir se delbh Hercules fought in a vertuous herte of a tyrant chauffid spyritc
. . .

founded and nourisshid in vertu, etc.," 420.

1737.

1761.
1766. his oste in

Leg. chomchathnghndh ? " fressh grasse," 423. nrluachra Ercuil drong dia nmindtir do chiiir

"

hercules departed

twcyne And sente hispan with con of them in to arragon and nauarre/And he abode there with the other," 423. in SE. 1770 ff. This episode has been considerably modified In Caxton (424) Cacus causes smoke to issue forth from his men's mouths as they come down the mountain-side, whereby they escape and there is no mention of (they do not come back with provisions), " " " hercules and the grekes wende any punishment from the gods that h3d; had ben an orage of lyghtnyng of the heuen And had brente
the montaigne, etc."

exphcit in
1783.
1791.

Caxton

" the

The idea in dorcka doradhairc do chach is less smoke was so materyell. that hit semed Not in Caxton. Not in Caxton. All Caxton says is

tenebres or derkenes," 424.

deithibh diablaidhi
is ferr tusa

innta

righ na Sisaile montaignes in cecylle to brenne, etc.," 425. " for as moche as he Una dhraighecht 1803.

"

1795.

He maad

certayn

was so gentylmanly

escaped," 425.
" founded," 426. Clocasach The second c seems 1805. (focMHwaJc See Gloss. to have been altered from something else.
-

mac righ Terracone 1807. SE avoids introducing another proper name, see Introd. 22. 426. 1812. Catiloigne A. cathair see Introd. 41. In Caxton this image is made in Salamanca, because 1816. delbh " so rude and duUe. that their wyttes coude not its inhabitants were
compryse ony conn^mg of scyence," 426.
"

"

to the sone of the kynge of Ancone,"

1829.
of

sgribneoir "

1832-1943.

How

Cremone And how

1832. aonflier deg correct expansion is shown

wryters," 427. Hercules fought ayenst the enleuen geantes he vaynquysshid them," Sommer pp. 428-440. MS Aonp, similarly 1843-4. That this is the

by Caxton and
"
all

1869, 1S74,

slicht Cairn colaigh 1833. sone of Satume," 428.

brethern

And

and 1877-S. sones of Neleo the

in Caxton.

1836.
1844.

Sadurn

-]

Nestor dias roba sine dibh

"

Not

do calhughiidh

oon after an other," 429, which explains

imarcaidh 1847. In Caxton (430-1) adubhairt rena bhraithrechaibh freagra 1852. Nestor advises the giants to accept Hercules' offer to fight them all

NOTES:
together rather than one by one, but there surrender nor of any cursing of Nestor.
1854.
is

151
no mention of a suggested

1859.

ainbfesach MS ainmfesach. Not in Caxton. ferv les a sidh

do eidedar Reading doubtful. 1865. " don taeibh eh 1873. vpon an hyll ferre vnowh fro the place where hercules was abidyng the geantes," 432. " ro iaradar na fomoraig The geantes began to cesse fJor 1875.
to smyte.
1880.
fifor fro the mornyng vnto the euenyng they had foughte No mention of truce. wyth oute ony cessyng." 434.

rob olc in cenn

"

ffor

they were glad of the deth of the

geantes," 435.
" " tour tempull This more or less corresponds to Caxton's on which the statues are placed see notes to 105. 652. 1890. cathraigh ele "a cyte standyng nyghe the mounte Auentyn. where regned a kynge named Euander," 436. dx) iuicedh in caingen sin leo Caxton has merely " he 1895.

18S6.

(436)

studied so moche that he coude make the fyre arteficiall as well as cacus/and fonde the remedies ayenst the .same," 43G. We could also read eolits and translate " the masters 1896.

praised the wisdom and knowledge of Hercules." Caxton 1902-1906. CO tuc diiiltadh do .... ro delb Ercuil soillsi (436-7) merely mentions that Hercules comes to Euander, and that

Cacus longed for the day, which arrived

1909.

in

mar gach ainmidi

mbruidelnail

ele

due course. " ne wote not where

1386.

to logge but yf hit be with the bestes," 437. dodhen a aithne Not in Caxton, 1926.
1930.

cf.

see Introd. 11, 33. " two dayes," 439. teora Id 1931. " drechta .... dronga ten knyglites 1931-2.

Yolee

&

ten squyers," 439.

1936.
1942.
185.

a roibh innti

Cf. also

some men saye and wole mayntene. that they ben the goddes that thus punysshe vs for oure
1943.

For donibh note to 2167. innechndh ona deithibh

later in margin. sonie similar spellings see

Added

Hermathena

xliv

"

synnes," 441.
"

1944-2044.
to hercules/And

How
how

Cacus

stale

away

the

Oxen & kyen longyng

hercules fought with hyra therfore and slewe

hym," 440-454.
cruidh .... cethra 1946. They were of course Hercules' cattle, Caxton 415 "he departed fro thens. and wente vnto megida where were presentyd to hym an honderd oxen the fayrest of the
cf.
:

world."
slee

" adubhairt Calcus counceyllid hym that he shold not the bestes. that yf he slewe hem, hercules shold lese Sayng no thyng. for he shold ete them hit were better sayd his wyf that
1957.

ye take and lede away as

many

as ye

may,"

443.

152

NOTES.
"

And toke eighte of the beste secht ndaiin -j ccthra ha IQ59-60. that he coude chese fourc oxen and foure kycn," 443.
1964
1065.
1969.
ff.

The bottom
"

lor[g ?]

nach

iat

of col. b has been torn away. fondc the paas and foot of the oxen," 444. " I haue lasse suspecion to the goddes na dee

than vpon the theef," 445.

1976.
1981.
tyi hxiaire

do 16

"

thre owre.s," 446.

MS
ff.

1987
1992.

geinihnrch. 7s olc in t-inadh

This

is

substantially the

same

as,

though shorter than, the diatribe in Caxton 446-8.

Bottom

of col. a torn.

iarna faicsin sin dona Gregachaibh " Thou 2018-19. gurob mo do maith
2004.
in a

Not
. .

in Caxton.

haste

seen

more

the ytalyens haue seen, not only in one yere. but in an honderd yere .... thou haste more achieuyd than the grctc tourbes and all the assemblees, etc.,"
all all

momente. than

the even in generall of

452.

a depe pytte," 452. Mars The temple was built to 2033, 2037. tcampull Hercules at Evander's suggestion, Caxton 452, and cf. " some bookes
2023.
log
.

"

saye that longe tyme afore the god Mars had promysed to hercules that there shold be a temple made vnto hym and for that cause he was come in to ytalye/for to wete yf his destynee shold happe or
no," 454.
Cf. also

2042

ff.

do

2539-40. chualaidh Pricus

is

SE

here

anticipates

the

Picus

incident, of which there "

no mention at this place in Caxton. How the quene of laurence enamoured on hercules/ 2045-2093. And how the kynge Prycus cam in to ytalye with a grete ooste and
sende to defye hercules," 454-460. "

Fauns mac Priccuis Fanus sone of the kynge pricus 2046. the sone of Saturne," 454. " re re ocht mbliadhan in foure yere," 454. See 2071. 2047. 2048 ff. mar ro bi an t-or See Introd. 35.
2049.

airdrannaibh
in dherna

Leg. -reannaibh
"

2055with the
2067.

he deuysid ofte tyme with her wyf of the kynge euander," 456. nran inrre
crich
le

And

MS

crith.

romed a gradha fair See note to 1169. " re re cethri mbliadhan foure yere," 458. See 2047. 2071. " suarach 2073. sa^-d to her that syn hit is so that she was maryed/that hit was reson that she abode stylle wyth her husbond,"
2069-70.
458.

2074. 2079.

do beithea

MS

dob-[ta.

ghabh
"

The subject

of the verb

is

Faults, as

is

clear

from

Caxton 459.
2080. abode there foure dayes .... on the fyfthe day .... cuig he toke leue of the kyng fanus, etc.," 459.

NOTES.
2o8g.

153

guna do
"

2093-2202.
batayll and

how

his gowne that he ware," 460. hercules fought ayenst the kynge prycus in he fledde in to his cyte. where hercules allone slewe

"

sgarloid

How

hym and many moo with hym," 461-468. See Introd 2093. A cinn ciiig mbnilli
2095.
.X.

8.

2096.

thretty thousand men," 460. " not lyke an hors/but lyke an herte that conavha luaithi
mili .XX.

"

moo than

no

man myght ouertake," 461. mar ihurnas braen na Bealltaine "lyke as a small rayne 2103-4. abatyth or leyth doun a grete wynde, etc.," 461. " the chief banyere of the kynge a mbun -\ a meirgedha 2108.
prycus," 462. 2 1 12. Better sense would be given by riu. 2 1 13. mini MS mini, but the length-mark proves nothing in Or leg. miri ? Cf. Eriu the case of an i. Cf. minughndh 414, 1354.

180. 319.
2
1

15.

Priccus

MS

2122.

cathrachaibh

Calcus. "

contrey," 463.

The city is not in cathraigh the name of the country, 464. being 2127-8. There is an erasure here.
2126.

named

in Caxton,

"

Calidoine

"

Introd.

41.

Perhaps awwsa has been altered

"
I

to asin.
2134.
cuiridh-si
.
.

na

leigidh

will

that ye assaill the

cyte assone as I shall be with Inne/to thende that the calidoniens may have to do with yow as wel as with me/And that I have hem

not

all

attones vpon me," 464.

2156-7. ceithri coluiii iavnaidhi foure grete barres of yron," 466.

2167. 2169.
doirrsiribh

"

the tabernacle/that stode vpon

doirrsirigh
(21 38),
cf.

Perhaps

for

Npl.

foghmoraib i860.

Cf. also 1942.

asin pailis comdhaingin

'

This

is

not in Caxton.

Note,

however, the word

palais,'

467,

though pailis means something

quite different. 2180. gunnaibh See note to 1480.

2183. slinntech See Introd. 35.
2189.

This metaphor

is

due to the author

of

SE.

Leg. cloidhmibh ? do Jedfuidhi See note to 2183. " How hercules was anamoured on Yole the doughter 2203-2265. of kynge pricus/and how he requyred her of loue and how she acorded

cloidhme

2198-9.

vnto hym," 469-476. A fomoir " 2212.

2227.
2230. 2231.

mina

beith in coir

myserable tyrant," 469. agum Not in Caxton.

2243.

anbjainde MS anmainde. A mathair See Introd. 33. " suche ben the toures of loue. ofte caislen an ghradha
after grete hate

tymes men seyth. that

cometh grete loue,"

473.

154
2245.

NOTES.
tnar nifni^es in gaefh

2247-S.
2251.

da wbeirivv-si clann

mor Sec Introd. Not in Caxton.

8.

MS

" Docuaidh .... a n-crber .... ina roibhi dee nasal entrid 2252. in to her garderobe/whcre as was the presentacion of the goddcsse

/n-

dyane," 474.
2260.
taeiscch

"

certayn knightes of the grekes,"

sisters,

who

at

lole's

request had been married to her 2264-5.

CO n-iniud n-eidid "

475.

Not in Caxton. Nessus rauysshid deyanira fro hercules whan he passid wvth her ouer the ryuer/And howe hercules slewe Nessus with an Arowe," 3S4-388.
2266-2302.

How

On

Nessus that practyqued there his lyf by the mene of a lityll boot In the whiche he lad the peple ouer the ryuer," 385. Athach i.e. Nesus, see 2490. 2269-70. 1 d'an MS adan. See 556 ft. roinie sin 2272.
2285.
ola

2267. 226S.

the position of this incident .see Introd. 27. " the ryner of hebenus," 385. ciiav " there was a centaure named cnliiingin

in

"

ghradha

vertu/that yf ye boyll hit with the blood that renneth out of

sherte to hercules

precious thynge/and hauyng sucli oon of the shertes of hercules with

my wounde/and yf than ye gyue the and that he were hit/he shall neuer after loue other woman ner lady but yow," 387. ann sin On erasure. The loop of the n, the M-stroke 2295. and the word sin are in lighter ink. Perhaps altered from aice, which would have been redundant.
2297.
is leis

"

2303-2377.
forest of trace

in soigid sin See Introd. 31. How hercules foughte ayenst

his hors to ete

and how he maad

Dyomedes in the hym," 475-482.

Patrone on Galinnse .... Galale See Introd. 41. " 2313. gerraidh a cuirp smyteth hem in to morsellis and gyueth hem to his horses for to ete and deuoure," 476.
2308. 2314.

aighedha ega
first is is

The second word

'

is

certainly eg

death

'

what the

da n-echaib

not clear, see Gloss, s.v. eg. Note the discrepancy between this and 2353, which
"

follows Caxton, his horses," 476. " .X. mili meirlech ten thousand theuys," 476. 2317. " that he wold leue and 2325. nach do gnath prayd h3-m
. . .

departe
23342336.
2349.
2353.

hym

of the aventure in so grete paryll," 478.

Cf. 2339, 2347. " his honderd theuys," 478.

[.rug?]

ced meirrlech
.1.

meirrlech

"

he slewe syxty," 480.

Introd.

See note to 2314.

Galale

"

trace," 481. nir chreidsit Not in 2362. exhibits tbe urms..

2357.

41. (481),

Caxton

though

Philoctetes

NOTES.
2363.
Filoces do malairt "

15s
of grete fureur

were

full

And wold

haue taken the armes

not in the same 2372. nyght/but duryng the space of ten dayes that he soiournyd there,"
482.

fro philotes," 482. " deich la putte alle the theuys to deth.

no MS perhaps mo. MS torn. 2374 2378-2409. On this repetition of the Antaeus episode see Introd.
2373.
fif.

23-25.

2391.

Transl.
is

'

eels'

grease'

Cf.

O'Gr. Cat.

184.

32.

The

expression
2397.
2407.

not in CCath.
hill in

adh Probably for edh. See gloss, s.v. 2cd. Tulach na [Gle]acca This is the name of the
"

CCath.

(2889, 2988).

2410-2475.

How
-]

deyanira was

full of

sorowe for as moehe as

hercules louyd yole Sec," 482-493. " Tenes Tebes Theseus 2416.

thebes," 483. Introd. 40.

2418.

The usual names

rubbed.
mnainx.
torn.

in

.... wente to Athenes and to SE are Atenns and Teib.

2426.

MS MS
fi.

2434
2436.

Page
1

In sgribhenn Lichas not to go to see Hercules, given after the meeting of Lichas " da mill two myle 2437.
techta

Caxton Deianira

is

advised

by

The text of the letter is 486-7. and Hercules in Caxton, 487-8. nyghe the cyte/he encountrid

hercules," 487. 2440.

damh

allta

"

a wylde boor," 487.

2445.
2453.

MS
e
ff.

-ninaim.
i
?

Leg.
is

2455

iruag duit
torn.
le ?

This letter

is

drastically abridged

from

that in Caxton, 489-493.

2462
2475.

ff.

Page
lets

Leg.
"

lea

deyanira sente to hercules a sherte enuenymed And how hercules brente hym self in the fyre of hys sacrefyse/And how deyanyra slewe her self whan she knewe that hercules was ded by the cause of her ygnorance &c.," 493-501.
2475-2544.
2494.

How

boladh

na neimi
"

"

the

fyre

sprange in

her

handes so

anguysshously, etc.," 494.

lesse

wherof she had grete meruayll. Neuerthe2496. fuair marbh hi she passid the deth lightly," 495. " ay mnai ele But so doyng she was seruyd of the poyson in suche
2501.
OS

wyse that she

2519.
o

Acad. Diet.

and de3'de anone after," 495. an herte," 495. erus duit The usual construction is eraid x imm y, see But the meaning here seems a little different from the
"
loste her speche

156
'

NOTES.
refuse

iisjial

somebody something," though

Erus
'

the construction.
'

may
:

T have no other ex. of of course be a noun, but neither aires

'

nor air is knowledge (Contribb.) would make very much sense. Caxton does not help " Thou haddest neuer so moche honour and worshippe as thou now hast deseruyd blame/not onely for the but for all the women that ben or shall be euer in the allone. world,"
tryst,'

498.

Leg. urusa

olc T The reading is very doubtful, the -) having been 2520. almost obliterated by the ink of a capital on the verso. first

reading was olcus.

2523.
seoid

mnaibh
"

MS

My

mnaim.

na socar

2524.
to

in

a nar fhedudar

extermyne
2529.

my

credence ne affiance," 498. " Thy false lalousye hath more power lyf than haue had all the monstres of the worlde,"

499-

MS

uaislibh.

Dicfmma Dianira On this section see Introd. 2. The nearest to this in Caxton is : 2547 f. is mairg mathair Alas alas what am I born in an Note that vnhappy tyme," 501. SE omits the suicide of Deianira, the list of Hercules' exploits being incomplete (Caxton 501). The word is on an erasure 2554- feramail This is a mere guess.
2545-2593'

and practically
2570.

illegible.

lasoin

Introd.

40.

cathair On erasure, reading doubtful. 2572. order of words {da aitndeoin). a ndighail Inserted later above column. 2573.

Note the unusual

2581.

in[a] aenar.

Cf.

note to 641.

GLOSSARY
The Glossary is complete, but reff. to recurring identical forms are not given in full. Genders are given only where established by the text, and no account is taken of the neuter. The spelling of headwords is that of Mod. Ir. (length marks being inserted), but lenition is marked only in the case of c, p, t, the broad glide-vowels a and o are not used, and the slender glide-vowel i is omitted in the case of
O. Ir. oe, oi, Mod. ao{i) is prefixes such as an-, ath-, for-, etc. Certain archaic words are given in Mid. Ir. spelling, spelled ae ai.
e.g.

cuindscleo, etc. Compounds are given under the first element, verbal nouns under their verbs ^when finite forms occur).

la

voc.

When
joined

183, 523. 113, part. several vocatives are

649 [sic leg. cathrach 777.

:

?),

osa

cinn

na gan
. .

Cf. a beith

by

the

particle

is

expressed before each, e.g. 184. 2a rel. part, ca as a tangadar

eladhain do 968. Anticipates a noun in ro bui a righan hi fochruib gacha righ 162
. ;

an ti a ro bui 2514, co haes na huaire ar comruicc se 853, docum a ndechudar 137. With nasalisation and dependent form all that, all who a
1412,

With certain nouns 420, 721. a Ian cneidi 2505, a cheile see
:

nderna 286;

tanic 159, a ndorone 325, ina I3i4(?), a tiubhCf.

ruind 935, a roibi 1014.

gach aen do mair 1518, gach ar mair 2 119. With prec. mar where, see mar. Neg. nach,
nar, q.v.

a leth 364, a cinn a secht mbliadhan 133, a athrughudli do chonuir 1858, see also baramail, commaith, comthrom, innsamail. For the constructions in e.g. na rig 437, ina coUadh 280 see i and aenar. Replacing noun or pronoun in
ceile,

vn.

constructions

ndenum

See

tlie

prepositions.
.

3a conj. when A mbui ann connfaca 387. 4a poss. adj. of sg. 3 m. his,
(leniting
sg.

1819, a coimed 1947, ^ ^^^^ '^'^^ she had been defeated 1138, ag

iarraidh
its

mnai a dhingmala
in

fhurtachta 1589, 3, a mbeith

Similarly prepp., see dail,

f.

1910, 1952, 2509), her (prefixing h- to

168, iarna toitim 894.

compound

vowels 1627, 1638, 2234. For asa haithle see aithle), and pi.
3

their

(nasalising 1402,

ig(>2,

dochum, eis etc. Also with not which nouns though authentic vnn. have an active
sense,
n-air 831 e.g. iar cur a 2196, a aithrechus sin 1650, ni fhuair a baegal 1197, a esano'r
;

2237).

Combines with certain

:

of the simple prepositions, q.v. Pleonastic in a ainm a cathrach 630,

Sir

ainm

mathar

910

1437, ro las dia grad 10,

i5
icrr

GLOSSARY
Us a sidh
1253-4,
'^'^^
:

nil

a cocuilh
1161,
1

adarc

horn,

trumpet

Dsg.

foran
Cf.

1859, atd a
cf.

uaman orm
"otc to

169.

adliairc nfurfhocurtha 173. buaball, corn.

with airiugh[udh] Prolopsis aithne sin?), 1156 (omit 1926 (?), 2401. buidcchus 937, crbad 141*), da fcchain nar inair in t-athach 2295, lis
1104,

adart
bigi

pillow
1910.

ar

adhart

cloichi

adhnair
s6 isin
133,

438, foillsiugud Ics a imisle ro

gur
bui

ad bar m. material, cause, reason ind t-a[dh]bhar lutha 1337. aibul great, huge 42, 815. Dsg. f. adhbuii 1592, ADpl. aidbie, aidbU 1457, 2101 1494, 1509.
;

comlunn 1134,
1656,
. .

innisin

rad
,

1838,

acca

scrudud s6na 168,

d'faghail

cindus 16, 432, a thecht dim bas

Adv. co hadhbul ^^3, 567. i332. Cpd. -m6r 119, 384, 647, CO hadhbulCpv.
aidhbli
1731.

mor

211.

See

brucht-,

fir-,

don

te

2549,

dia

Ian-, lethan-, moi-, sir-, torann-.

toirmesc d'A. techt 57.

5a 6a

see as.

see

i.

adbunn strain of music Asg. 672. adeirim say Pres. adeirim 1163, sg. 2 adeiridh 90, pi. 3 adeirid
366, 887, pass.
i^^';
rel. risi

n-abar-

S^iSMi game, featj performance Dsg. foran abairt sin 86, 197, 154O,

i373> 1535. 2590; impv.

;

201

1.

Cf. imirt.

na habair 2247
247.

impf. adbeirdis
a)

Preterite,

abach

The com3 adubairt

entrails Asg.

apach 2512,
lamenting
.
.

Dsg. don abach 1363.

accaintech
pi. mailli

monest form
141, pi. 3

is sg.
I

109, 665, etc., pi.

adubhramar
706,.

sorroivful,

hcighim

acain-

adubhradar 703,
rel.

techa 2542. acfuinnech wealthy righ acfuindcch

acht conj. but 641. Introducing the alternative after a negative
ni uait-si ro statement, type geincdh c, acht for do cenn
:

707,

pass. b)

2331.

sg.

ndubhradli 3 adbert at pert

113, 256, 258, pi.

latpertamar
3

246, 250, 253, pi.

atpertsat
183,

229, 439, 447, atpertadar 581.

c)

The form
1262,

sg.
pi.

3 itpert

272,

(h)itpertsat

doronad
After

206,

185, 207, 331. in negative meaning

115;

1364
;

is

1364
433,
(ro)

isbert

not found after occurs only at

at 1314.
d)
dO'
\'n.

nothing but, only nar fhagaibh acht P. aenar 814 821, .

. . ;

debairt
1003,

raidh i86, 277, 1299.

141 8, 1656,

1014,
laiss

1 1

86, cin

44,

acht aonmiUdh acht amain g68.

rad

rada

Strengthens mina unless acht m.ina thecmadh 1255 acht ge bhadar 1471 1790. In phrase:
;

^324. 2338. In sense of say adeirim is followed a) by a dependent

clause

introduced

by a con1

cid

fil

ann tra (immorro,

at
all

junction 274, 887,

conj.
is

165.

The

didiu)

acht

events,

omitted at 1163, 2138,

however,

indeed 449, 125J, etc.

2142. b) By the actual words of the speaker 499, 665, 2212,.

etc.,
e.g.

ad

see 2ed.

frequently with added ar,

adaig see agaid.

Atpert Cirion

...

"Is

GLOSSARY.
ar sc, .," beag in cin " etc." 1176, cf. ijO-j, 7 diglum
. .

^59
en,

aen aon,

forming cpd. with,

1.

following wd.

num.

adj.

a).

2547. c) By a vn. construction in choillidh a ndubhradh D. do beith 2331. d) By a

:

one, a single (emphatic)

aenben

635, gach 530, 634' 77; aonaighidh 122, cech aonbuilli

noun or demonstrative
accus.,
e.g.

in the
in

341 every single.

Note also

briathra

1418,

na haoncoill
aeinfhir

uli

163S, d'aithisc

maith

sin 921, sin

1003, 1855,

2367,

airged

aengeal

so 2048.

Cf. ina ndebairt 1314.

.

Other meanings e) mention adubhramar an lucht

. . .

aonfhej' deg 1832, 1843. b) mar aen re together with, as well as 263, 1203, 1451, 2319.

1447,

above-mentioned 141
253.
foil.
f)

246, 250,

c)

any,
;

generally
;

with

neg,.

order,

command with
call,

vn. construction 710, 816,

etc.
g)
risi

U73

name na
Teibh

aonfher 230 verb 231, 395. aenduine anybody 847, 852, 1 121, aennech 449, 703, 1291,
aenni anything 413. 845, 1912. But at 529, 1284, 1 791 the sense of any is fully developed and independent of the negative^
II pers. pron. one,

cathrach

n-a.harr

126; 247, 1373, 2590. adfuath see aduath.

adgladastar called out, Jiailed 36
1 ,

one person

ad maim admit, acknowledge pret. a clai 11 38. ro aduim

fhacca

se

aen

dibh

gan

...

admolaim praise greatly, eulogise ro adhmol 567, vn. admoladh

430 [eulogy), 495adnaim kindle pret. sg. 3
1

But usually gabhail 1744. with gach each (person), everyone

gach
1518,

aen

(dibh)

1107,

1392,

doradhne
s

231 J",
1467.

gach n-aen 120, 1304, Gsg. gach aein 255, 1395,

301.

adnair shameful gur adhnair h

a imisle

1134.

adnaire great shame 883.

adraig see eirgim.

aenach m. assembly, festival, fair Aenach na mBuadh 216, 328 Index of Placenames),. (see

aonach 647, Gsg. aenaigh 654,

naillai
li

aduar

very
.

cold
.
.

ar

sleibhi

adhuair 983.
Nsg.

deisi aenaigh 2076. ina aenar one person in phrase aenar alone am a. 1848, at a.
:

aduath
a

a) horror, terribleness
;

1004, ina
75.

a.

210, 641, ina

lia.

fora adhuath crrad 1347 hadhuath 1 fora grain 1360. b) a monster ind adhfhuath
. . .

The

prep,

and

poss. adj.
:

are sometimes omitted

Ercuil

aonar
814,

582,
.\itilas

Proserpini

aonar
Cf^

in

torathar 1232
horrible,

(cf.

fuath).

aenar 1015.
:

aduathmar
terrible

dreadful,

641. 2581.

73, 267,

-air 2521,

12S2. Dsg. f. Dpi. -a 1525, co ha.

horror,
terribleness

aenfecht in phrase
1504aenslige

n-a. together,

simultaneously 41S,
a.entsalighi
:

741,

1502,.

2390.

aduathmaire
121.

2560.

In

phrase
see

ar

a.

aduim

admaim.

aediacht see aigidecht.

taneously 595, chuir a dirmadha

together, simul1479, 2103, do

.
.

ar aenslighL

lOo
1030,

GLOSSARY.
do chuir
-j

ar acnslighi
1

sc sluaigh aidble a dias derbrathar

sc aonni

maith ag duine in
;

the

possession of 843

849, 2321. d) hence obtain, get ro bui fuath

aes people Dsg.

dana

153,

Grcige 204, 2 aes age ar ai n-aeisi in respect

do aes gacha do aes dana na don aes gaeta 1617.

:

In phrase co oj age 180. haes na huaire ar comruicc se re hE. 853, co haos na huaire
sin SCi.

aeon ti no bheradh buaidh nach l>eith si aigi tvhom he would not obtain 830 104. e) ag is the prep, usually used with vnn. to express the present
. .

198,

participle, exx. passim.

When

a poss. adj. is added the construction can be either active

405,
logo,
1

aesmar

old cpv. aesmairc 2364.

192, 1443, or passive 623,

ag

at 93,

517, 699, ac(c)

84,

19,

52,

1774.

f)

with
:

pi.

141,

(h)ic

225,

240,

(last ex. 1335),

foil,

oc 1316.

245 Before

expresses

partitive

pron. ccchtar

guttural generally written a 399, 979, 1269. But note ac cuartughudh 1976, a[g]
:

acu 1150, 1 71 8, 1827, aennech acu 703, cia aguind 1664, cidh be acaibh iri8. See also de.
g)

With
:

various
ni

nouns

and

derbhadla 993,
1830.

a[g]

sgribhadh
191S,

With pron. agum

;

221

agud 1521, 2457; aigi852.

135, aici
;

egla ag S. roim aonduine 832, ro ghabhsat ced ac E. 214, fagbaim ag 492,

1521, 2491, anairii ag 1382, aigi 2334, ro fhas conach 1813, a fostad aigi 332.
. . .
. .

verbs

roibhi

1759, aige 134,

1392.
f.

1489, a(i)ce 273, 1245 1366, 2063, alee 2295

aici

aguind 1664, 1949; acaibh iir8, acu

'

570,

171S.
719,

With
;

poss.

adj.
;

agaid aigid, adaig/ac^. Dsg. co ndeilb ndaenna fora ha. 1235.

pressions adhaig ar
:

com

gum 2548

gu[t] 2289

aga 799, 1498, ac(c)a 405, 1090.

{h)ic(c)a 168, 248, ca 1268;

Generally in prepositional exnar Jamhsatt

.

agar

tir

1546,

n-a.

1528,
rel.

acar 745, 153 1. With aca mbeith 256. With art.

198. 199,
1

against 21, 904, 2 121, dorad a. forra 398, tucsat a n-a. for E.

aeon
hicin
a)

acan 214, 1477,

with

14.

544, do chuiredar a n-aighthi a n-aeinfecht ar E. 1502. See eg.

at,

among,

robo

2 agaid see aidche.

dubhach E. acu 519, a n-inadh

rigna acu 570, aga slinnen 604, ag diinadh ri na hEspaine 1402,
here is 2148. b) by, at the hands of ro bui conblicht
.

ag so
fair

agallam addressing, conversing zvith Asg. 2234, Dsg. do agallaim dia ha. 2256. 2139 agar fear nabudh agar leo na
;

ac

ri

na B.

19, cin

dicennudh

ac E. 285, a nguasacht ag righ na S. 1795, do cainedh acu e

2541,

and

cf.

664,

927.

c)

Cf. is Gregu uli 381 (note). agar lind ar tregan, Eriu viii 38.8, aghar na uiregla, Et. Celt, i 82.7, aghar na imegla ib. 85.13. see also RC xxviii 316

denotes (with ataim) possession 304, 898, 1836 {cf. also le). The verb is dispensed with at
535,
1

23, 324.
a.

agarb rough lorg

agastar pret.
feared
1291.
sg.

241. ro aghasdar

106,

2591,

cj.

ni facaidh

GLOSSARY.
agUS
ai in

i6l
mora. 577,
:

see ocus.

-]

miciall

-]

uaill

ar ai n- as regards, with respect to ar ai n-aeisi 179, ar aei cloiclii at stone-throwing

phrase

arda. 2105. ail in phrase

etc.
1 1

is

ail leis, etc. he,

etc. 794, intend gSi.

wishes,
16,

wished,

201, ar ai fhuatha, n-ecna 131 1, ar ai betha for the sake of 17.50.

aibeil quick ro theith co aibeil 1518.

924,

2363;

aile see eile.

hurrlum
ibhinn

alien see oilen.

iSXgQ^i. gentle, soft,

aibinn

beautiful

tulach

mild do fhuiglibh ailgenaibh 181, 1267, co humul

a.

1853.
f.

2386. aidble hugeness, see trom-.

aill

cliff,

precipice
hailli

Nsg.

232,

aidche
is

f.

night.

The usual form

Asg.

28S, 289, Dsg. aill 345, 633, Npl. ailltecha 777.

Gsg.

na

an

aid(h)c(h)i Nsg. 1077, a. sin 424, Gsg. 422,

Cf. ailltech.
aille

Dsg.

1463, Gdu. 52, Apl. 841, Gpl. Other forms: Asg. oidhci 218.

beauty aille a dhelbha 179,

502.
coll.
cliffs

niama.
ailltech

Dsg.

don

agaid 50, 53, 318, Asg. gach aonaighidh 122. aidme skilful, cunning co ha. eolach 1366.
322,

Nsg.

ailltech sin 779. ailtineclit see next.

ailtnidecht sharpness 394 (note).

aidmilled
afflicting

destroying,

spoiling,
. .
.

ac

a.

na rigna
87,

aimdeoin unwillingness ainneoin in phrase do a. 1 74S, 2584

;

im thuismedh
aonbuilli
.
.

nert
a.

in spite
of,

of-

against the

wishes

gach
Dpi.

gan

342, ac a.

hence frequently by force,

na cruinne
aidhmilltibh

violence ^^, 309, 643, gor, 1566,

afflicting 629,
spells{''.)

257^-

92.

aige driving, racing for aighe eoch

aimdeonach contrary
of

to the

wishes

CO

hamdheonach
violently

580,
1984.

co

203
aige

540.

hainndeonach
gach
n-alt
-\

joint

gach

aimles false charge,

tnis chief-mak-

n-aighi 513.

See eg.

aiged (aided) death Nsg. agedh a

righ 503.
eg.

ing 881, 2450. aimsir f. time, lifetime Gsg. aimsiri

258, a n-a.
at the titne

For aigeda ega

see

of 73,

ina

a.

during his lifetime 643,

aigen m. ocean Gsg. aigein 1431,

1555. oicein 265.

850, 851, at a. 1792. ain- prefix, see an-.

aigennta -natured, see

aigned.

fich-.

Cf.

aincim
from)
L.

protect,

save,

spare
vn.

(ar

pret.

sg.3

d'ainic

aigenntach -natured, -spirited, see mor-, recht-. Cf. aigned.

1 aigid see

ar

bas

2557,

ingen anacal

1308, 2197.

agaid.

2 aigid see aidche.

aigidecht
hospitality

aines playing, sporting a[c] cluichi 1 ag aines 517.

aedhiacht

aingide
325.

puirt 902.

aigned mind Gsg. aicennta 259 245, 1284, courage mora. 128
; ;

cruel angbuidhe Of adhfhuath 1232, anmanna 389, arm 1250, athach

wicked,

meisnech

-]

mora. 1702

mesca

2271, cur 1531, daine 1662, Ercuil 2213, gnuis 1580, ida

i6:

GLOSSARY.
airged
silver

884, imairccc 35, imtliecht 323, ri 441, 028. 1646, -'309, scalladh

Gsg.

argaid

804.

aingidecht uic/iednesx, cruelly

-a

(>.sg.

Dsg. d'airged aengeal 1447. airgim plunder prct. ro airg 831, <i09, do airgedur 727, vn. argaiii
803,
1402,
1942.
notice,

J3J4.
a.

ainglecda avi^dic dv\h

airigim
airigh

perceive,

feci

nv

ainm m. vawe Nsg.

.
I

1273,

Csg.

1383. 2283, 2505, pi. nir airighcdar 866, vn. airiughudh

Npl. anmanna 152, Y. a hainm-sidhe 557, 1 148. M. ainm na hingine 507, cf. lima
(>3C),

864, 1 156. dirigthe with prep, do a certain, cunnrudh ar a particular

d'airighti
1

O4C).

1742,
;

I.

ainm don

681.

fer

uisci

d'airighthi

102.

1278

witli pleonastic poss. adj.

630, 649, darb 2421, tiuadli

;

ainm 1624, 1810, mar a. aran v.. mac 9O 1027, ca hainm ? what is the name of ? 2320,
2380.

airm place airm a facaidh 3S0, airm hi codladh 1276. airmert Dpi. airmertaibh happenings
65. Is

this

the
of
ii

word
the
476).

airmert
Glosses
?

preparation Ped. (rclf.

?

ainmide.

m. anmanr. Only tne second form

animal.
is

Or
1

cf.

aniarmartach
warding
hica airscligi

found
airsclaige
87,

before 1909, Nsg.

388,

anmann
Gpl.

off,
.

35 1,

parrying forna
.

Asg. 194, 390, Npl. [anmjanna

131
82,
1,

Apl.

anmann
1288.
is

trenbemennaibh 298; errsclaighi

600.
airsidecht see arsaidecht.
1 ais back.

d'anmannaib From 1909 on the form

Dpi.

Asg.
Gpl.

ainmide
ainmin(n)ti
(isna

1909, 1953,

1949,
1954,

ais

Dpi.

Only in phrases tar back 687, 1644. tara hais. 2291, tara n-ais 1614, 1733,
:

hainminntibh 2050.

for ais

683

do ghabh ...

re

ainneoin see aimdeoin.

aird
the

direction,

quarter,

point

of

haiss undertook 74, 2218. 2 ais (ais) will, consent in phrase:

compass ca hard 15S7, fu ceithri hairdibh na Grcige 131, a n-aird tie don domun 11 15,
in

ar

a.

d'a.

d'a
. . .

no ar eigin 846, 1261, 1861, no d'e. 850, looi, 2588, ar e. 1152, da n-a.
. .

gach

a.

217, as gach

(n-)a.

142, 868, 1O51, ailltech 779.

1

gach

a.

don

e. 2359 willy-nilly, willingly or unwillingly.

ar

aiscid gift Apl. aiscedha 11 23.

airde
claeite

sign,

token airde

198,

mar airrdc cuma 382,

ait

pleasant ni hait
place

Hum
n-ait

2473.
-j

ait

Dsg.

asa

asa

CO n-ardhe sidha 484.

2 airde height, loftiness of Icoman 391, sliab 121, airdi aicennta

259, ar airdi in height 633, isin

n-inadh 1663, da ha. 2360, Dpi. ait a facaidh da n-aitibh 2331

;

in

airm) position, stance do ait a bonn 1S9, da

ri

471

{cf.

crunn anairde up
397-

into the tree

ait
aitll-

-]

da fhothai 1324.
foculaith
13 16.

see also ath-.

^irem counting, ro-aircmh 1613.

numbering

aith sharp

Cf.

athger.

GLOSSARY.
dithe sharpness 394.
allud

163
261, 493, 498, 2418.

fame

aithech see athach.

aithesc m. speech, announcement, answer Nsg. in t-aithesc 2087,
-isc

alius sweat Dsg. 1690, 2010.

alt joint

gach n-alt do E. 513.

time fon

gach n-aighi

1221,

2064,
1903,

Asg.

aithesc

(ron)alt see oilim.

1665,
-esc

Gsg.
1258,

aithisc

1422,

Dsg.

am

am

sin then, at that

2437, -isc(c) 116, 2367, Npl. aithesca 1267, Dpi. lasna haithcsccaibh sin 136, d'a. aeinfhir unanimously 2367.
aithis reproach,
-]

time loyi, 1460, 1553.

amach
1949,
let

out after vbs. of

motion

tigim 36, t6igim 2008, cuirim

leigim release (prisoner),
(cattle)

contumely Asg. a. ^^c imdhergadh 1854.

loose

750,

1946,

athaisiugud.
aitble in

With prepositeilgim 2578. tion tar dorusbel na cathrach

:

phrase

haitlili

after

With poss. 1729. haithli 81, 683, 761

form with
foil.

adj.
{h-

asa

amach 581 amach /coMz

Cf. amuig.

o sin 913, 1595 then on 2290, 2408.

;

from

gen.

?).

amail
aithnid

a)

prep,
a. a.

like,

as

a.

sigi

aithne see aithnigim. aithnid knozvn, familiar

gaithi 584,
is
1

240-1,
;

chraeibach sciach cosmailius lasracha

damh-sa
[state

1922.

1996

b) conj. as a.
a. teit
.

aithnigim recognise (person), realise

of affairs) impf. pass, ni

444. sidhe as
;

329

...

atpertamar is amlaidh
a.

so

499.

ro

haithenntaigi 3,817, prct. sg. 3 ro aithin 1189, 2273, 2508, ro

atain 2062,
pi. 3

ma[r]bhsat how they had killed

386.

ro aithnigedar
717,

M73

vn.

aithne

1476,

2401. aithrechus repentance, regret 1650,

2476. aittenn furze
(note).

amain only, alone, 07ic nirb e s^u amain a ndith 828, acht a, i)<)8, re mi a. 2582. amarach tomorrow 1084, sa lo a.
1I2J. Cf. iarnamarach. amlaid thus, in this (that) way doronsad a. 796 2498, gurba marbh a. 2514 gur a. do
;

Gsg.

aittinne

1^41

alacht pregnant O7.

alaile see eile.

alainn beautiful, handsome pi. roalainn 512. 1635, 1806

;

aille

Of

berthai air 1676, a. sin thus 933, 1330, 2538, a. so 118 ; is a. sin (sidhe) so (in com. . .

colun
1099,

1378,

crann
11 68,

erber

1635, delb locc -2386,

parison) 497, 501

:

in chapter;

moighdcn 1109,

os 2501, pilaidi

See 1806, rigan 929, tir 1804. caem-, dath-, fuath-, min-.
alia in
:

conid a. sin 215 endings 2040 thtis did, etc. Common in the idiom is a. ata in tslighi aca foruire 1 fodhmoir
:

mac

alia echo
ri

1699.

237
viz.
a.

464, 641, thus

:

allata

famous

a.

1226.

Note

is a.

namely, adubhairt ro
. . .

-j

allmarrda foreign, strange arma

579.
glen Dpi. ailltibh 1699. allta wild damh a. 2440, os
allt

thogaib 806,

amlaidh

is

tug 2286, where used in the same

1
q.v.

way
a.
is a.

as

cuma,

Note

also

fuair se P. iar toitim la C.

is a.

2501.

754,

ro bui

... a

nglinn

164
772,
cj.

GLOSSARY
991, 1365-

In 762

T is

containing
tan, uair.

cian,

fad,

inbaid,

replaced

by
1

.i.

Omitted when the

otherwise marked as
a)

amnas
a.

ctnining, harsh, cruel

beim
1240,

noun

is
:

403.
fira.

32

1,

tinnfadh
1336.

a.

definite

By

foil,

gen., e.g.

CO

131 3,
a.

amra wonderful aiscedha

edaighi
ri

a.
a.

1123,

d'fhcruibh an betha 853, but damna in galair sin lubiter 14.

b)

2132, cgliiis

1445,

By

ced-

cedmainistir 890

a.

367.

amrus dmibi, distrust Dorighni amrus ar A. 1799, 1802. amuig outside 783, 1765, sechtair cathraigh amuig 33. amulchach beardless gilla occ a.
308.
1

c) 2123, but: an cedcath 966. is tusa By foil. rel. clause

:

ben

is

annsa lium 2284.

in

d)

In-eciucntly

the
:

case

of

dorinne nationalit}--nouns sluaighedh ar Troigenaibh 907

;

1692, 2260, but

attevipt, attach, hitting the
;

dona Gregach-

amus
ar

mark tulamuis 1337.

(for)

In phrase:
towards,

amus

to,

aibh 994 149S. e) In the case of personal names passim, but cf. in ti s.v. i ti.
2 an
interr.

After against, at 45, 126, 291. this is replaced by dochum 599

q.v.

1857,

in

part, an fuighedh With fetar 1302.

is)

copula
I

[see

90,

1845.

See

2
1

amus
an na
;

soldier Gpl. 536. def. art. the sg. an, in, Gsgf.

nach.

Du. in 99, 320, 703, 1647, etc. frequently compi. na archaic bined withprepp., q.v.
; ;
,"

anacal see aincim. anail breath Gsg. anala 1595, Dsg.

anail 1737.

occasionally ind 233, 390, 12321349,

the n

is

1816; inn 283, 1335; somet. dropped before

following

a[n] nert 2524

anaim remain, stay, stop pret. sg. 3 ro an 350, 1770, d'an (?) 2270, nir an 659, 2106, pi. 3 ro, nir ansat 1582, 2327, vn. anmain
2554-

2294,

cf.

iiee ani.

253. [n]ailhir in Echpsis in Asg.

:

in

anam
Asg.

life,

soul Nsg.

mbiail 613, in n-ingtn 516, in n-inbhaich sin 64S, san nGrcicc

690.
Sisaile

anam

anmuin 418, 2554, but generally

1501
; ;

anmain

734, 1355,

Gsg.

anma
gan
a
a.

6i8, 1336, 1795

(marb)

na Usual before placenames 689 691, etc., but

:

734, 1869, 2167, fo pein

anma
a.

cathair Lisi 2143.

Also before
vices,
;

2237, 2480, snamugh 618, fa treicen a. 1536, a

a.

nouns denoting
1395,
for

virtues,

nguasacht a

1795.

qualities, etc., e.g.

an coir 429

anathlam vigorous, prompt 338.

anbf-, anbth- see anf-.

22 ig. Frequently used emphasis before nouns not

definite,
e.g.

necessarily

in

t-aonfher

man

384.

In

aidiiged m. lawlessness, injustice, a a n-andlighidh ivnnig n-ecora 491, 1297, a. ecortach

-\

ced

article

fcr 1532 the 1471, has the sense of one. See also sinnrud, each, every. and the temporal acci sativcs

fan

1260,

gach

a.

every

act

of
-\

injustice 1414. 1825, diumus a. 1478, lucht a. 429, 2373.

andligthech unjust 1002, 2365.

GLOSSARY.
anechtair /rom without, outside for sidhe a. 244.
a.

165

anfad m. storm arda. 900, Gsg. ardanfaidh 904, 1538, fon muir
. . .

do M. 879, similarly 1146, ar son gach anora 2077, 2444 da tucuis damh 1163.
;
;

n-a.

897, stoirm a.

2575, ro

confadh citha. 302.

anfainne
weakness,
faintness

ghabh anb[f]ainde hi 2230. anfann weak anb[f]ann eneirt 963. anfenach stormy Gsg. an oicein
anfenaigh 265. anfene storm, stormy weather 375,
ainbfine
1347-

now 1993, anosa looi, 1792, with pret. 2072. 2435 anrad champion Gpl. anradh 442, Dpi. anrudhaibh 160. anserg unfriendly, hostile ri crodha
anois
a.

452.

ansergach antrennta
athaigh

=
a.

rough,

prec. cath a. 945. violent fierce,

1866,

imairecc
a.

a.

onchon
ignorant,

anger,

fury
ainb1854.

ogulborb 1327,
luirg a. 1602, CO

irgail a.

1578,
1998.

hedrum

anfesach

stupid
a.

anuas down from above ac toitim

a. 2517. a. 341, suas anuasal ignoble, shameful bas
-|

fesach 141 7, co hogla

angbuide
ani O.
Ir.

see c-ingide.
n. of inti [see
1

a.

ti),

ani
Cf.

ro ghabus that which 2218.

2 ni.

1020, 1657. aon see aen.

1 ar said,
ait,

inquit introducing

aniarmartach

having evil consefatal cath a. 945. quences, anichtach cruel, merciless fodhinoir a. 238.

actual

words of speaker 113, 699, 1082 etc. (the usual form

;

passim)
for

bar 91, 1845-6, 1950,

1303,
ol

1297,

187,

433,

aniug today,
1914-

at

the

present

day

1251, 1296, 1300. s.v. adeirim.

See also

anmain

see

anaim.

2 ar,

for

on.

With
1927,

pron.

orm
;

anmann
anmin

see ainmide.

rough, tmgentle d'fomorchaibh ainmine 1833, co hain-

2470; ort fort 1297, 1307, 1414 1416, air 1 158, but usually fair 2390
1161,
;

orum

min 2398. anmine roughness, ann see i.

uirre,

-i

682,

1226, uirrthe,
-i

-i
;

fierceness

245.

693,

888,

fuirre,

66,

305

annam seldom

1939.

oruind 1082, oruindc 1768, oirne oruibh 1969, foruib 679 1477
;

Do annlaicim bury pret. pass. hannluicedh 1098, 2037, (ro)

vn. annlucudh 2200, 2539. annsa cpv. dearer ri is a. linn na thu 1769; 1830, 2424, superl. dearest is e rob a. le 2259
;

orra

1470, orrtha 2237, forra 1424, forro 539, form 475, 533,
1343.

forrai

With
;

poss.
;

adj.

ar

mo

1622, Rel. ara

lorg, forma 933 forar fora 1901

1667,

ara
1530.

231

1,

ar nach

2284,

241

1.

anocht tonight 1085, 1946, 2233. anora anoir honour Gsg. lucht 2065, 2078 144, ilimud a. maille hanoir 1991, a n-anair
. .
. ;

311. With art. aran 1636, etc. arin 685, foran 2418, forin 2422 forind 434, forsin 629 ; etc.,

arna 161 9, forna 298.

I.

a)

In senses on,
variety
340,

at, in,

by

etc.

na ndee 447

Apl. anora 485 generally with dognim na dena

; ; :

in
e.g.

a large
:

of idioms,
;

on

834

ar

gach

i66
tacbh
7O4
;

GLOSSARY.
cliiasa ... fair 1685 ar banais P. at 2570
;
;

IV. Before nouns, a) In prepositional andadverbial phrases,

see aenslige, ai, ais,

ro gliabh ar

dreman
389 1123;
;

hi 819 for dasacht furiously ar maidiu ar cuairt 2039

;

hum

amus, cenn,
cul,

-j

for

comair,
eigin,

comgar.
fed,

deired,
inn,
lar,

eis,

fiid.

ar

do

in

txvo
;

1039;

foran diaigh ar diaigh 1009 ro aitlinigcdar abairt sin 197 E ara comartaibh 1474 .
;

muin, oinech, son. 2li, tiis, ur. b) Before verbal nouns of state
or

condition

cosaint

300,

eitillaigh

1683,
iiC,

lasadh

1798,
756,

ro

bui
.

aran
. .

Eigipti

loinges

merugluidh
c)

2568 arna
1433
Jor

docuadar

tir

snamh
nouns,

2282.
e.g.

Before other

liEspaincchaib Ni horum ata

;

it

against is not

breith 10 19,

cumus

me to say 932 a comthrom do dhergor uaind orra 258 Ata misen oruind 2121
;

1901, faesam G18, ar feis laime -] Icapa 1 22 1.

3 ar rel. part, see 2 4 ar see iar.

1

a.

ata coir fer talman air he has

ar poss.
1318,

adj.

wronged

all the

men

of the earth

702. b) With regard to for airdi 391 flf. 633, ar dcghdeilb

;

509. c) For the sake of, account of ara airdi 776, t[hreic ?]fea misi ar mnai

on
ni

with cpd. prep, 745, inar n-adhaigh 2121. 2 ar slaughter ro cuiredh a n-ar
;

1527; 1528

i our 1082, pi. as object of vn.

2196, Gsg. iar cur a n-air 831,

sa
(g).

domun
d)

2436.
le

See

re

a muindtiri 908. araidecht chariot eership

air

n-aruidh(?),

With nouns
:

of feeling, sensa-

ccht
squire

airm
(?)

in

service
(note).

as

tion, etc.
fair

romed a gradha
1
.

331

2070;
:

with, ag

1 156, in fuath

161,
.
.

1 169; ata ar

araile, araill see cile.

archena,

olchena.

a)

in general,

Hercuil agud 2246 n. With verbs:

(ataigim.

1477. of asking

generally 83, 156, 624, leoghan fora dheis 1 alaile fora cli dibh

cuingim,
(erbaim,

iarraim),

olchena 400.

b) the rest of

do

ordering
seizing

ordaigim),
(fech-

lathaibh gaile na Greige archena

145, also 583, 986,

(beirim),

looking

1578, 2190.

aim, siUim, tencaim) inflicting (buaihm. cuirim, diglaim, dobeirim, dognim), defeating verbs of (brisim, muidim)
;

Somewhat

vaguely

applied,
aill

especially in sense {a). ard high, of aigned 1283,

233,

motion
etc.

general!}-, e.g.

imthigim

turnaim, See also aincim, cinnim, crenaim, fograim, gabaim,

tarrla, teigim, toitim,

ceim 2434, crann 384, dreimire 1494. eigem 2542, guth 757, co sliab 983, uiscibh 1526 hard 356^ Cpds. (in many cases merely for the sake of
;

smuainim.
III.

After certain nouns un:

accompanied by verbs adhmoladh 430, cogudh 1619, coimed 1636, comartha 1455, fell 458,
freagra 1424.

2105, -aigned -anfad 897, 1538, -bochna 264, -chennuis 1453, -echta 2228,
alliteration)
:

-errad 1250, -flaith 163, -fiaithes

1922, -gnim 1268, -impir 2231,
-maigistir

970,

-maithe

691,

GLOSSARY
-mesa 159, -mullach 636, -mur
1405, -nert 245, -nos 498, -rami

167
3184
;

T Tebe

O'R. airsidheacht

the act of standing up, arsuigh-

2049, -ri 1 135, -righna 528, -thaeisech 703, -thigherna 1990.

eachd ancient deeds.

arthrach
2267.
as prep, out of.
vessel,

boat

Asg.

1547,

argad see airged. argain see airgim.

aris again 1398, 2342, 2462, doriisi

41,

294, 446, 622.

Before subst. 603, 654, 893. 1490; a 893, 1544, a h- 1991 {see also aithle, ucht).

arm weapon, arms

hairm
824,

Nsg. 395, Asg. 245, Dsg. 593, Gsg. ilimud cecha

Npl.

With
2406.

pers. pron. as(s) 418, 1758,

2512

aiste

2306

asta

airm

2471,

drmaibh
331

Apl. 1006, arma 579, 2186, Dpi. 826. Gsg. with collec:

With poss. I7I3- I734> 1879. adj. as mo 191 7, asa 105, 107, With article asan, asin 309.
170, 277, 1558.
a)

tive force
;

n-aruidbecht airm

867, 2183, 2265, but Gpl. 992,

With
of,

arm
1272.

1683

armgaiscedh

oaf

verbs of motion from docuaidh se asin

;

cath
Gpl. fer

armach armed
1203,
1571.

n-armach

2008, tainic 870, 1595 1953, 2306, ro imigh asan sliabh 1803, ro theith asin cathraigh
;

arnamarach

see

iarnamarach.

aroile see eile.

arracht m. monster {of Hydra) in

t-a.

2169, ac siledh as 893, 1741 ro eirigh asin locc 170; 277, 1558, 2431, ro sceinn ... as
418. b) Sg. 3 m. (O. Ir. n.) as adverb away docuaidh as escaped 1878 2350, sib fein do leigin
;

1351

1284,

1288,

1350,

1364.

arrachta powerful,
of arm.

mighty,

brave

beim 963, buille 1058, colun 1380, comlann 813, comrac 947, cor 11 36, fasgudh
1245,

1839, ro you go 1422 imigh as 1797, cin chonuir ind no as 233, ca as a tangadar
as
let
;

2404,

fer

1862,

fodmoir 638,

1412.

Cf.

also
to

as

sin
1,

co

fuata 1887, fuirenn 263, guth 757, im.bualad 406, irgail 1070,

from there
c)

635,

lam

1565,

mac

95,

peler 838,

With various benaim 105, 309,

i55^
1

1813. trans, vbs.

1490, cuirim

181

raen 1293, snaidm 2396, teglach 811, CO foirtill fira. 1089, 1182.
arrachtas might, bravery 393 (note).

onn
. . .

758, tuc E. innarbadh as mo tigherntus 1917,

arrgamint argument 13 14. in arrthaisc phrase

:

n-a.

crothaim 2406, dorad tinfedh asa dibh rose 1345, mina fagha a mian asta 2313, ro
fuadaigh hi as lar in aenaigh
ro leigedar gartha asta 1715, 1879, 2102, ro tharraing asin talmain e 1984 215S, 2530, gur theilg in lann 654,
;

towards, against 944, 1679, 2099.

arruime Gsg. m. arum 500.

ars

memoratiua
old,

971.

arsaid

aged

1792,

2380,

nemharrsaigh
1694.

new,

renewed

arsaidecht/efl^ of valour

eigindal
1350.

-\

fri

(?) in gach gach airsidecht

asa laim 792 2014, ro thrascair he asa dilait 2340. d) Of the source, origin, direction from
;

Cf.

airsighecht erradh

champion' s

ardour

Guy

44.6

which an action is performed do clochuibh ... a taidblibh

:

i68
1544, ag gadaighccht a
1991,

GLOSSARY.
huaim
2074, sg. 3 no beith {plene) 531,

do

Icicc

cuca asin

do
850

heith 782, -heith 257 -8, 260,

(?),

uamliaidh 1995, do marbhadh

asin chathraigh 2128, do gcinedli asin talmain 2382, as gach aird see aiid.
. .
.

964.
1

Subj. pres. cid be

etc. see

cid.

Subj. past sg.

.sg.

da mbeinn-si 1420,
(alwaj-s

3 (-)bcith

contracted)
3

273,

78 1,

ascnam

travelling, traversing
11a

ac

a.

1725,
(note).

pi.

da mbedais
i,

527
390,
bi
ni

na conuire 684, na tirca 1255.

asrais
f.

mara
Dsg.
Gsg.

914,

627,
340,
508,

Pret. sg. 3 Bui -bui 5, 601, 1280, boi

;

path,
essruis

track

Asg.
asteg

234,
after

na
of

505 frequently rel. 284, 711, 2138; A mbui ann

{when)
387,
pi.

hasraisi 269.
ill,
:

into

verbs
a.

acht

motion
i

do ligedar
a.

e 2 141,
foil.
. .
.

Perf. sg.

boi 461, 1274 ge bhadar 1471. 3 ro bui 13, 1036, 2149

;

ro bris dibh

23

-'

with
a.

and passim, do
989, 2049,
pi.

(ro)

bi

871,

n- 958, 2028, tangadar

3 ro

badar 197,

astig

ar sluaghaib na C. 2194. within, inside 784

;

don

1720, 2445. Dependent sg. 3 roibhe, roibhi 801, 1555, 2424

ataigim
fair

taeib astig de 651, 2132. ask, pray, beseech pret. sg. 3 ro ataigh 20, ro ataigh

and passim, roibh 982, 1936,

2047, raibhe,
1467,
hi

raibhi

227,

534,
3

robea

1338,

pi.

2253

vn.

ac siratach in

rabhadar, rabhudar 142, 1364,

1760, ro(b) bhadar 1437, robudar 1976. Vn. beith 135, 968, 250S.

dee 2254.

ataim subst. verb be Pres. sg. i ataim 717, 1792, sg. 2 ataei 802,
atai 1019, sg. 3 ata 702, 2120, pi. I atamaid 1532, pi. 3 atait

atamcomnaicc / am 1300 (from

pret.

of

in-com-icci).

with

inf.

pron. sg.

1923,
in

1925,

atathar 719.
111

526, pass, Rel. occasionally earlier part of text

:

atat

athach m. giant, churl 1667, in t-aithech 254, ethach 1290, Gsg. fathaigh 2283, Gpl. athach 1662.

caistiall

fil

itir in

Teibh
fil

-]

Atenus
1302

26;
Is

114,

437,

(?),

amlaidh
cidh
fil

1020, sidhe
see

1236;
I

1242;

ann
2

cid.

Dependent

sg.

co

fuilidh-si 11 15, sg. 3 fuil 1383, 1969, ni [fhjuil 2240, pi. 1 ni

Applied to the custodian of the Garden of the Hesperides 254to Hydra 1234 to 287, 2553 Hercules 995, 1028, 1660 to the followers of Saturn and Nestor 1S65, 1881 to the Centaur Nessus 2270-2296 (c/,
;
;

fuilmid 1083.

sidhe 245.
2073.

Habitual sg. 3 Bi Ipv. sg. 2 na bi-si

sg. 3

Impf.

do bidh 1103,

i8i7(-th), 2415, ni bidh 1104, Fut. pi. 3 ina mbidiss 2157.

sg.
I

fodmoir). athaid while, space of time setal ac 1 athaigh ele ac 323, ro badar athaigh fada oc tacra
.

3 16,

fri

ha.

foda for a long

;

bed 1928,

sg. 2

beir 221
3.

1,

time 33, 297, 1328

re

re

hadh

-|

-beir 698,

2488, sg.

biaidh

2251, ni bia 2527, ni biadh 2213, CO mbiad 1664, rel. bes 1164, 2288. Condit. sg. 2 do beit[h]ea

hathaigh 2397. athair m. father 154, Gsg. athar 532, 2234

grandfather
8.

743,
;

933, senathair

GLOSSARY.
athaisiugud
aithis.

169
Poetry
rith
73.4,

reviling,
-j

cursing
1596.

ag
Cf.

Syll.

Hackett xlvi
893,
cf.

imdhergadh

ag

a.

30,

baise,

TBC

athaTiia fatherland 1298.

904. balad smell, scent b.

.

an arruime

athchuma wounding,
-j

slaughtering

ag oirrlech ag a. 1695. athchur expidsion, banishment Asg. innarbadh 903. a[th]chur athgairid very short a, n-a. na
-\

uas baladhaibh 499, boladh na neimi 2494.

.
.

baladmar sweet-smelling 500. bale strong, mighty -beimennaibh

295,
-Ian chock-full zzj,

1246.
(?)

conaire 44.

balcbad
.

moisture,

wetting

b.

athger very sharp fighbhaidh

aithgher 413,
579.

arma
see

athghera
aith

braonboc 482. This is Meyer's example, Contribb. 171.

ball limb,

But

also

and
a.

TSh. gloss, s.v. aith-ghear. athlam quick, prompt urchar

306, 588, CO ha. 1593.

part, piece Apl. ballai 1258, Gsg. gach boill don leine

2513-

balsaime
banais
2570,

athlegtha refined [of metals) d'or

aithleghtha 1444.

m. balsam balsume 500.

(ban-feis)
f.

Gsg.

an

wedding-feast

athrugud changing, alternative a. ghlesa 674, a a. do chonuir

a different route 1858. atorchair see toitim.

banfais

938,

fleide bainnsi 553,

692

Gsg. na dorin;

dedh a mb. 1222.

banamail womanly 512.
bancheile
ivife

atracbt see eirgim.

936,

2269,

2321,
b. to

auragall

speech,
a. fri

conversation

gan mnai gan

1921,

b. 687,

do

dorinde

1841.

wife, as wife 1151, 1220,

mar

b.

ad

b.

agum-sa 2229.
11 1.
(of

hzn^ee goddess (of Juno) 9, 71, sorceress bandrai druidess,

B
ba see
is.

Juno) 92.
banfais see banais.

baccan hook Dpi. baccanaibh 1673,

baegal danger, chance ni fhuair E.
b.

bangaiscedach female champion b. crodha 23S5.

banrigain
L.
f.

queen bannrigan na

in

tuir

seocha,

b.

could

435,

bannrighain

na

hE.

not take by surprise 1193, baes folly, see baire.

"Q?-

mi.
banscal

See rigain. woman etar

fheidhb

-]

hag fighting la bagha day's support 1162 (note). Cf. ZCP xiii 239.9,

bannscail 442. banseitche i^i/e 9. 7i> 1-63 (note),

2056.

VM

826.

1,

MR

284.23.

baidim drown ipf. sg. 3 -baidhedh caused to sink 1431 (note), vn.
baile

bantigerna

badh[adh?] 1580. town 1935.

lady, mistress, queen bainntigherna Laurinnci 2045. bantracht m. band of women, female

attendants 77, 516, 2206, 2430,

bailie bailiff pi. baillighi 1642.

baire

game

in plirase

ina baire
fi.,

Gsg. in banntrachta 2274. bar see i ar.

baissi 283.

Cf. TTr.

baoithreim

ar

1496 mbaireine,

baramail comparison
sin 1346.

builli

\>

Ir.

170

GLOSSARY
Hpl. -aibli 1205. 5cc also bale-, brath-, fath-, nert-. niat-, tren-.

barr top, tip ar b. na cathracli laimc -'447 b. 187.', ar b.

;

bnabiiill see buaball.

buailim.

bas

111,

death stair

V..

-]

b. 2544.

bein

i>ce

benaim.
bear,

d'ainic ingon I., ar b. 2558, co b. //// death 33_*, 2535, co crich

beirim
1

bring

pres.

beirini

bais 2219, dogeibim b. 1094. 1O57, do chur cum bais 252C, dobhcr-sa bas duit 1020 2316,
;

mo

3 -beirinn 231 1, pass. Ni beirter 2130 ipv. beir 724

4 18. sg.
;

inipl.

do bhciredh 2352,
;

pi.

-beirdis 1104
pi.
I

fut.

berad 2353,
;

bas d'imirt ar 2310.

adj.
tri

Gsg. as
{of

mortal,

deadly
.
.

blows)

bermaid 195 1 condit. no bheradh 198, -beradh 1185,

1470, pi. 3 -berdais 2560, pass,

beimenna

bais

734

1075. 1429. basaigim put to death pret. sg. 3 ro basaidh 471.

807.

do berthai
sg.
r

1676

subj.

past
sg.
pi.

-beirinn
1667,

2248,
1674,
;

3
3

-beiredh

basgaire

clapping
2177.
1

of
cid.

hands

[in

grief) 836,

-be(i)rdis 795, 2144 pret. dorug, doruc(c) 2/5, 1077, 2513,

be in cid be see bed

deed

-rug, -ruc(c) 8g. 284, 161

1,

2329,

harmful, injurious {of blows) 1075, 1601. bedg jump dorat b. de gave a

-gnimach

romnug

dorugsat 797, dorugsud 1594, dorugadar 820, ro6o, 2178, -rugadar 1734,
pi.

1301,

jump

356, 415, 470, 602.

pass,

dorucadh 952, Dorugudli

-rucadh
vn.
105,

beg small blodha bega 2163, 251 1, is beg in cin 1476, cloichi bigi 1910, on ferthuin bice 2245, inis mbicc 1276, loch b. 1276,
1410, luingin lanb. 226S, enpurt lanb. luingi 634,
luingin
b.

2147,

-rugadh
1051,

2030;
2348.
a)

breith

719.

Carry, bring Lingcus

. . .

do bhreith
1301,
forth CO 94,

don Teib 711

b)

214G.

Bear,

bring
;

mac
and

b. 102,

great 1936

they nir b.

o beg co mor small nar b. leo that considered sufficient 708,

;

duind
1529
2068,
;

it

-was

sufficient

for us
spirits

begmenma
-ach
1907,

low

2430.

rug ... a toirrces 89 doruc mac 1049 1 104, Beirim buaid (ar) 2248. c) see buaid, dorucc in tsoillsi sin ccd bliadhan lasted 1633, dorugsan Yole do roguin 1930. d)
. .
.

See also begnertach.

began a little, small quantity in began buidhni 1188, Gsg. fo cenn begain aimsire 258.
begnertach weak, infirm as subst. -\pl. mna begnertaigh 175. beiced screaming, clamour bladhbheced 174.
-\

With various prepositions. i. Dorug air seized him 1092

;

1667, 2022, ar mbreith ar[a ?] anail 1736 ni rue fora ceilc

;

come up with 284 820, Dorug an aidhchi orra 1077; 161 1,

;

201

1.

See breth,
ii.

gell,

2 lorg,

beim
ing
in
:

blow, stroke
orig.

Eclipsis followneut. as archaism

dorug se E. les brought E. with him 118; 6S4,

1594.
. .

2 side.

iii.

Dorucadh o
were

cheile

beim ndiglai 1330, di bheim n-amnas 1321. Asg. 790, Dsg. 343, pi. beimenna 733, 1867,

iat
;

they

separated

1060, 2340, a ben do 952 bhreith uadha that his ivife had

GLOSSARY
been

171

abducted 656 iv. 690. Beirim buidechus re see buide;

beo alive 366, 795. 1843, eladhach bctha beo ,814.

chus.
beist
f.

See dobeirim. monster [of Hydra) i2jj,

beoda

lively,

vigorous co luthmar

lanbeogha 1585.
beds see
1 bert

1302, 1343, Gsg. beiste 1232. beith see ataim.

bel

fos.

clothes,

gear

-ceinnbeirt

mouth, lip, gate, edge [of an axe) ar b. na huama .1985, tar

dorusbel na cathrach 580, Gpl. beolu 1 3 19. -corcra Cpds.

red-lipped 512, biail -fota 596, -lethain 613, 2188. belrad language isin Ghreigbeli"adh
1279.

headgear 1244. 2 bert deed, behaviour Asg. 2035, Dsg. dod drochbeirt-si 2527. -bertach -doing guasb. dangerous
bes
810, drochb. evil-doing 1160. custom, habit roba bes duit

2463, (ipl. cainbes 2374. next.

Cf.

Beltaine
taine

May braen na May shower 2104.

f.

Beall-

bescna custom,
493. 502.

liabit

cauib.

491,

ben f. ban

woman
fer

73, 86, wife 25, 45,

betha

ben 684, 2218, Asg. 724 (the usual form), ranai 3,

gan mnai 687, Gsg.

Dsg. mnai 975, Npl.

mna mna

551,
175,

Nsg. 1908, Gsg. 814, Dsg. bethaid 247, 1839, 1988. a) life ina bethaid alive 247, 1839, ar ai betha 1750,
life

1750,

mnae 483, Gpl. ban mnaib 881.

benaim condit.
262,
sg.

1130, Dpi.

lifetime

eladach betha 814, 2191. b) a tus mo betha 2219

;

2463,

2567.

c)

sustenance,
b.

no benfadh
276,
pret.

livelihood ni roibi

aigi

CO

mbenfadh

sg. 3 ro (do)

ro

(do)

ben 401 etc., pi. 3 benadar 275, 1764,

pass,

acht beith ag tomailt in fheoir 1908 1988. bethadach animal, monster (Hydra)
;

bena(a)star 305,

benadh
a) pull

2344, vn. buain 105, 924, 1023,

2590. biad food biadh

bitaille

ijjj

bein 308.

With

as.

2353,
biail

2468,

Gsg.

bidh

i6r6,
b.

from {the hands of) na nathracha do buain asa dornaib 105 106,
;

Dsg. biiidh 574. axe 394, 596, 602 etc.

308,
etc.

603.

b)

strike

(sparks)

fri

buantescadh

1247,

Dpi.

from gur ben tinntech as clogud

1490
;

biailibh 2188.

2344.
lasin

c)

produce
176.

bidba

[a noise)

from
de.

delm do ben
from no
dibh
b) cut off
;

enemy Nsg. bidhbhadh 1248.

hostile,

2271, Gpl. Gsg. as adj.

(of

E. asan
II

mbeinn mbuabuill
a) take

vindictive

blows)
;

With
;

brathbuille bidhbadh 291

351-

295,

benfadh
262

na cairig-sidhe

305, 686, 924.

gur ben a lethchos de 401 604, 873. c) take off (armour or clothes) ar mbuain a eididh de 1023; 1764, 2509; ba buain ceille do chabhair 1537. benn b. buabaill, see buaball.

bidgaim jump, start pret. pi. 3 ro bidhgsat 175. 1 bile edge, rim a mbili uachtarach
in sceith 1352.

2 bile

tree

b.

buinnlcthan
melodious,
:

1982,

leisin

mb.

1985.

bennacht blessing Asg. 2533.

binn In

sweet,

pleasing
le

phrase

is

binn

finds

GLOSSARY.
pleasing, is sweet to 665, 2063,
j.jSf).

sc

dc he 845, pret.

sg.

3 gur

See ceol-.
drink, liquor biadh
7
b.

bitaille

boin E. dit e 1923. bolad see balad.

bolg saigcdbolg quiver 585, 590. bonn sole of foot Gpl. nir cuir do

1777bilh m. zvofld Gsg. uas baladhaibh in bhetha 501, d'fheruib in

betha 643, 853, co fuin in b. 1629, d^e ... in b. 2526, Dsg. isin bith 847, ccn cacmna edaigh
isin
all

bonn e 189 base of a tree buinnlcthan 1982. borb rough, violent a E. buirb is borb duit 1002, cuir borba
ait a
;

bile

b.

imme any
In
cpds.

clothing

at

2395, -nertmar 948, 2187.

ogal-,
tul-.

See

124.

intensive,

frequently alliterating:
1

60 1,

-garb

1232,

-calma -neimncch

brach,

brachamail

see

brath,
ceilsit

brathamail.

2187, -nertmar 790. blad -bheced loud clamour 174. blath flower, blossom Gpl. na
bleidmil

braen drop, shower Apl. ro na neoill a mbraonu

436,

mblathann 500. m. sea-monster Asg.

1289,

balchad braonboc 482, b. na Bealltaine May shower 2103.

braga
1517
neck,
throat

b.

Gsg.

ubuU

2557, Gsg. ag tarraing in bleidhmil 2559, Npl. bleidhmila in mara 2525.

bliadain year in b. sin 2019, san mb. so 1928, Gpl. CO cenn secht

muiride

braghad 416, Dsg.

;

fo bhraigid

1961.

brat mantle, cloak Asg. 997.

brath m.

doom Gsg. lasracha

1996,
builli
b.

in

bhratha
mortal

as

adj.

fatal,

mbliadhan

125 1633, 2047, Dpi. re hi[l]bliadhnaib 2020.

;

791,

bracha
In
builli

1592
vb.)

CO brach never (with neg.

2462.
1

blog piece, fragment Apl. blodha

2163,

Dpi.

in [a

?]

blodhuibh
shatter

2258, 2290, cpds. -beim 2349,

596,
-builli

-bemennach
714,

bega 2511. blogaim break

354-

351,

in

pieces,

-nertmar 2342.
brathair
543,
brother,

pret. sg. 3 cor bloidh in cathbarr

kinsman
Gsg.

Dsg.

2085,

Nsg. brathar

b6 cow Xpl.
83(?),

ba 1973, Apl. bu ba i960, Gpl. bo 1968,

i486,

Gdu. 1437, Npl. braith-

recha

1971, Dpi. buaib 1980, 1986. bdchna f. sea, ocean Gsg. for

braithrech 1853, Gpl. 1849, Dpi. braithrechaibh 1852.

builli
.

cchran na hardb. do 264, imarcor na b. 376. bocht unfortunate a D bocht

. . . . . .

brathamail mortal, fatal brachamail 1601.

breg
lie

mo

Asg. ni dingen breg ar gelladh 680.

lying,
deceitful
ri
. .

-^^^
bot cruaidh 1238. bodba see boga. bog soft balchad braonb. 482. a shoi glide boga bow a bodhbha
tail
-]

bregach

bod

firbregach 11 60. breid cloth metaph. of a strip of land breid sinti saraighthi 1390.

hreo flame, blaze

breth judgement,

b.

telcha 1362.
choice

sentence,

boinenn female {of sheep) 365. boinim with foil, de take away from condit. sg. 3 nach boinfed

an bhreath do bheiredh ar 2351, do bhreath fein 673 ; 2353

;

677, atai ar

mo bhreith-si

1019.

GLOSSARY.
-brethach -judging claenb.
2041, 256S, gub. 487, 1606. briathar word NApl. briathra 1418, 2474, Gpl. briathar 1419, 2230, Dpi. briathraibh 180.
1607.
brig strength, power, vigour bruth
1

1/3

brugaim crush, bruise pret. sg. 3 ro bruidh 471, vn. brughadh 1354, bru 414.
brutish bruidemail ainmidi mb. 1909.

mar

gach

-briathrach -speaking Cirion grodb.

bruinnte smelted, refined [of gold) d'or bruindti 1816.

bruth vigour, ardour bruth

I

brig

b.

1258,

1333.
(of bloivs)

-58, i333> b.

na gona 1332.

brigmar strong, vigorous

733,

buaball

1206,
a)

1488.
fut.

brisim
1970,

break
sg.

brisfi

misi

benn bugle, trumpet buabaill 177, 279, barr b. 1517, 2116.

; . . .

pret.

1670, pass, do briscd 1555,

3 ro bris 909, brisedh 1669, vn.

buadacli gifted, precious, victorious clochb. 512 a chathbarra

2406
b)

dorus
defeat
i.

dobhrisdi

821.

studded with gems 735, cur cathb. 1603.

with de
33,

ro bris dibh astegh

buaid

victory

Gpl.
;

Aenach
;

na

ro bris dibh

sruthmaidhm

raBuadh
n-uili

1076, cf. gur bhris rian madhma forra 1076. ii. pass, with ar ro brisedh arna T. 737 (for)
:
;

buaid na 328 chluidhchi 327 buaid

216,

coscair40,'i2i6, 1734, b. cogaidh

1516, ipf. do bhristi

hnn

forar

2130 doruc
1471.

no bheradh buaidh
b.

199,
;

forna

mnaibh 1143
trouble,

naimdibh
iii.

1530;

1181,

2195.

1734agitate

vn. iar

mbrisedh orra 959,

brisdi forra 1700.

buaidrim confuse,
pret.

ro badar
IV.

cum
:

pass,
uili

do buaidredh
2473,
vn.

mo

with subject expressed or understood ro bhris [sc. se] orra 830, 2563. v. See cath. bron sorrow, grief co roibhi bron
for

menma

iarna

buaidhirt don builli 1588, agar

mescbuaidhredh 1528.
buailim strike 471, vn. 1602, -bualadh 411, b. sanntach 473. Common with cognate accus.

A.
;

1156,
-]

ro

ghabh
;

b.
-\

F.

co mbron mimenmoin 1168 damna broin

2067

si

CO

381, fath a b. 520, 522, fochuin

a
b.

b.

157.

beim: do buail builli ar 604 2000, ac sirb. E. do beimennaibh 295, cf. 405 do
builli,
; .

br6nach sad, sorrowful 1907, co

1

154, 2487.

buail fo lig e struck him against a stone 1092, cf. 2154, 2514
;

bronnaim bestow, give do bronn na caeirigh do Ghregachaibh

2555bru see brugaim.

ro buail

don

tsoighit e hit

him

with the arrow 586, cf. 2278 ; ro buailidar cuigi made for him 868, do buailedar ar E. attacked

bruach
2092.

edge,

bank ar bh. na Tibre

1007

do
;

buail

stoirm

brucht bursting, belching na bochna

-aidhbli 377.

forra 899 do buailedh ... da ced dairt for E. were thrown at

bruchtaim
467.

burst, belch, break forth

.

1490; 2158. buain see benaim.

ro bruchtsat

na urtimcill

buan

lasting,

constant

in
:

cpds.,
builli

generally

alliterating

174
-dithaili 79],

GLOSSARY.
na bcistc -olcuighi
-tescadh
939.
les

dul 981, car

ghabh 1712;
ca

1232,

1429,

1247,

(ij^lihiicthech

ca as a tangadar 1412. 2 ca what ? ca hard 1587,

bud

sec

is.

hainm
fein.

in

ri

sin 2320, in curaid

budein sec

sin 2380.

budesta see fcsta.

buide yellow, golden

monj'huidhi

cabair help Nsg. 925, Asg. cobhair 1 44 1, Dsg. cabhair 951, 1180.
1.509.

buidech grateful, thankful 1903. buidechus thanks dorat b. dona

e.g.
1

As vn. with foil. gen. do chabhair na nGregach

ddbh

70 1.

89,

frisin

rig

1257,
b. b.
is

ni

tucadh arna deithib

nio

cabarn cavern, cave Gpl. cabhara

1977-

dorucadar a 934, deithib 937 2503.

;

risna

Icptic

a 937, 1418
se 2292.

With prob. mar do

cablach m.

fleet

714,

1408,

Gsg.

marbh

buiden company, band {of soldiers) Gsg. began buidhni 1188, Npl. sarbuidhne 54, Dpi. buidhnib
646, 828.
buile

cablaigh 716. each, cacha see gach. each everyone, all 24, 502, 1453. With sg. verb: ro imthigh each dib u, imcomairces each {of
tivo

persons) 1228, with pi.: do.

;

frenzy,
-i

madness

re

buili

Ihuaircedar c. 1717 2035 c. a coitchinne see coitchinne

Gsg. a

2316.
buille,

m.

cuma

stroke, blow 412, 1009.

caich see 2cunia.

a) blow, stroke {of

790, 1323

weapon) 341, after dobeirim 412,

948,

cadad hard clodhuibh

lane.

bot

codad

1239^

1592, and buailim {see these vbs). b)

1704
a
;

cadadrighne 637, colun -daingen 1379, croicenii

1475, laech lane. 1286,
84.

blast' {on
1

co
c.

trumpet) b. foran adhairc

278, 1517.
the
clock,
c) stroke,
bell)

73

cumang cadat
(?)

chime

{of

eadada
1322.

liard

don

erbull

cinn

ciiig

mbuilli don clog at five o'clock See also brath, luath-, 2093.

cadus

reverence,

veneration

Gsg.

lucht caduiss 143.

meth-.
buillech
sar-.

giving

blows,

see

caeb clod, lump Dpi. do eaebuibh criadh 842.

<ia.ega fifty
foil.
.1.

bun

Asg. a meirgedha 2108.

base
1300, 2457, 2534.

mbun

-]

Gpl.

not written plene. With .1. laech 1565 2349

;

da muindtir 1741, in
coisi

.1.

ele

bunad

origin in cpd. bunadchinel

2

cael

dibh 2350. narrow ar ch.

aytkle 2346.

by the
allit-

bur poss. adj. bus see is.

pi,

your 1946-7.

caem

fair,
:

beautiful

erating cathair

always cathbarra c.
1805
;

735,

c.

cpds.

-airm

2183, -alaind 1194, -cenn 1705, -coluind 1552, -fherund 1187,

1

ca where
981
;

ca rabe 25, ca roibh

;

2423

in pret.

carbh

ail

-muighi 1554, -righ 1605, -talman 1552. Cpv. caoim-:; 5.

GLOSSARY.
eaemna
.

175
ia.r

protection
124.

cen

c.

edaigh

imme

ii.

caera sheep Ndu. da chairigh 257,

Npl.
2556,
cairigh
C.pl.

253.

Apl.

262,

caithem a shoiget 594. na flcide 553 691, 20S0 ; with biad 1615, deoch 2469. .'\r c. na mis sin iii. 1038. c).
404,

ac

c.

caerach 260, 1000, 2553, .XXX. caera 369, 370, Dpi.

cairibh 227, 275, 364, 369.
caid

he obliged to caithfir-si 2229. calad see port. 1 calma brave 761,1283, cathugud
c. c.
c.

hard cidedh
chaidi,
;

c.

1671.

Cf.
;

sceith

TTebe
A.s

CCath. 5208
3 p.
189.

1279 cruaidhe no
v.

1439, comlann c. 788, cosa 771, 1237, cur c. 524, medhon

770, CO
c.

1515.
Ian-,

See bith-,
mer-,
c.

cloch, as caide

no cnaimh, F.
leg.

cruaid-,

fir-,

sar-,,

Or

cruaid

sir-, tren-.

caidche never after neg. vb. 2214.

caill see coill.

2 calma

bravery,

valour

do>

denum
Gpl. mainistir

1204, 1472, 1573, 1O77.

caillech
c.

c.

dub nun

calmacht
1207.

=
=

prec. 128,

c.

do denum

nd. 889, 890.

cain gentle, good c. ceilligi 1025, firchain CO c. cennsa 2235 failti 180. See also bes, bescna,
;

calmadus

cam

prec. Gsg. -uis 2402. . crooked, bent troighteach

.
.

lanchaina 772.
say, utter ro chan 1259. caii6nda canonical cleirigh c. 1782. eara J riend Apl. caraid 2272, Gpl. carat 894, 1562, Dpi. cairdib

comrac.
caingen
question,
affair,

canaim
matter 1310,

1305 1895

problem

pact, covenant 358.

cainim mourn, lament pret. pass. do cainedh 2541, vn. cainedh

837. eairche melody NAsg. cairci ceolbinfl 664, 675. cairdemail friendly 37, co

i".5f,

1339-

caradrad friendship 545.

caraim

lot>e ipv. sg. 2 car-sa 2239. carcaT prison Dsg. carcair coimeda

c.

1659.
eairdes
friendship,

712. 2312. carraig rock Gsg. cairrg(h)i 634,. carrac Gpl. 1976, cairrgedh

friendliness

2331.

Dpi. cairrgibh 2517.

075, cruitiri

2458.
cairib see caera.

carthanach loving, agreeable cairci

.
.

c.

c.

658,
. .

of
.

caislen

m.

castle 11 96, 2580,

;

Gsg.
c.

uaingis in caisUin 1208

an

ghradha 2243.
caismert
signal,

Cf. caistiall.

Hercules 1025, 2242, co. See nemch., soch. c. 2235. cas case, circumstance in each cas
13941

clamour
157.

cuirn

caismerta trumpets
caistiall

cath m.

castle

26,

12 14;

Gpl.

cranncaistiall 142. Cf. caislen, caithem vn. caithim infra,

caithedh 553.
[of

a) throiz', shoot

weapons) aca caiteam do clochuibh 841, do caithedar

ilmilti

engagement Gsg. cathaibh 1451 with various vbs. brisim c. ar 1 181, cuirim c. ar fight a b. against 15 14, dobeirim c. do. give battle 1055, dogeibim c. 6
battle,

catlia 1653, Dpi.

do liagaibh

re

bE. 1549

2118, do fherudar c. 1427, ro figedh in c. 1576, c. do fhreagra

i.

b) use up, expend 1863, 2277. ro chaith dichill a neirt 188,

do
fair

1415,

do
ro

fhuacgra
r.a^-.igh

1653,

in

catha cath

176
roim
cipi
.

GLOSSARY.
iia
. .

G.
c.

1-134.

^'Sg-

as adj.
c.
c.

ced

first

prefixed, -beimennaibh

1513,

1041, corn
788, cur
c.

c.

coirigthe 27S, cuiiulsck'O

H27,
-cenn

-builli 736, -cath

966

etc.,

2152,
21 23.

gair
liii

c.

468, erradhaibh 781, lathair

c.
c.

S44, -corugud -cuindscleo 311, -fhrais

1048, 10^5,

-gnim

no,

-ghradh
-ruathar

524,
1305,

sen

c.

1083, misen c. 2120, loSi, Ircalam c. 1006.

c.

-mainistir 890,

Cpds. -buadhach 1603, -cidedh 1862, -barr see infra, -mile 830, -rcim see infra. 2 cath m. battalion, regiment Gsg. -a 1574, Adu. da cath 1175, pi. -a
1052, 1285, Dpi. -aib 16S8, 1695.

-Idghail 25O4. 2 ced hundred iMS

.c.

191,

633.

See

il-.

3 ced company, band {of soldiers)

pi.

ceda (MS. c.a) 310, 12S5, Dpi. ccdaibh (MS.c. aibh) 1341.

cathaigim
pret. pi.

figM,

do

battle

(fri

cedfadach shrewd(l), resoliite{'i) cuindscleo c. 788, co c. 1568.

witii) ipv. pi.

I cathaigcm 1533, 3 ro caithigsit 32, ro

cedna same
c.
;

cedfaid sense, senses Asg. 302. in luirg a) as adj.

:

cathaigedar

aighedar
1

117,

cathugud 1737, cothughudh 1736,

1407.
city

1591, 1728, vn.

do

choth-

294 2428. b) as subst. dorone in c. 887, mar an c.

:

mian cathaighti
cathair
f.

1007. cedoir see fochedoir. ceide

f.

Nsg.

1369,

Asg.

assembly-place, arena 631,

146, 149,
<J94-

1436, cathraigh 742, 2227, co cathair 2419, 2421, but usuall}'

Gsg.
53^^,

155, 171,

ADsg.

cathraigh
1084,

after

co

and

idir

C^lle

m.

fellow,

mate 285, husband

:

1368,

1644,

1214.

Gsg.

66,

2433,

cathrach 1495, Dsg. cathraigh

2260, cathair 2299, 2424,

cheile.

bancheile, fcrIn phrase a cheilc each

1

see

Ndu.

other

872,
c.

127,

da

da cathraigh 2416, Dpi. cathrachaibh 1947.

catharrda
city
civic,

1056, fo

1053,

le e.

ch. S72, 2370, o ch.

^^^ mor-.
belonging to
the

95^
pret.

988.

ceilebraim
sg.

bid
3

sluaigh c. 2173. cathbarr helmet 354, 1331,

farewell to (do) ro ceilebhair 974

1344,

2081.
ceilim conceal, withhold pret. pi. 3 ro ceilsit 435.
ceillide sensible,

chathbarra 735.

cathreim

campaign, victory ^\55^ Gsg. in cathreime 1629.

m.

ce see cia.

cech see gach. cechtar one or

1827, 1150,

other, either c.

acu

with
1718.

neg.

vb.

neither

cechtarrda each, both always with

prudent 1025. ceim a) step, pace ina ceimennaibh curad 282, ceim for culu 293 314, 340, .u. ced deg ceim curadh ar doimni 774. b) step {in flight of steps) co ceimeannaibh cumgae 234 633, -direch
; ;

catha
1482,

(2

cath),

na

c.

c.

1053,

<^35-

c)

grade, degree

c.

dinite

1720.

Ced permission, leave gan ced 6 I. 75, tuc se c. do 1825, c.

2434cein see cian.

ceirin plaster 808.
ceist question

shged 1857, i860, ro ghabhsat

c.

ac E. took leave of 214.

1303, 1307, 1312, ceithern see cethern.

GLOSSARY.
ceithre four
c.

177
see
i

hairdibh na Greige
;

cennadach
chi 225.

cennach.

re re hingena 1929 mbliadhan 2071 c. 2156 ceteora cethra i960; 1377,

I31

c.

cennaige merchant Npl. cennaigli-'

cennaigecht merchandise Gsg.
226.
-a

troighidh 1239;
air 1244.

cethairfheochtre

cennsa
treachery
ceil[g]

gentle,

mild 2235, 2256.

soothing

celg

deceit,

ceviX\S2iCY\.t

gentleness, mildness 129.

457-

cennsugud
1267.

appeasing,

cen see gan. chena already 758.

cengal fastening, halter 1961, pi. bonds a cuibhrigi -] a cengail
S76.

cennuis gentle, mild 1659.

cenglaim
chcngail

bind
793,

pret.

sg.
pi.

10

cennus leadership righi roc. 1 139, ReplacGsg. ardcennuis 1453. cennus diumuis ing cenn in 846, cf. note and cenn (b).
-\
:

1959,

ro dia
ro

ceo

mist
;

cengladar ... a catheidedh 1861,

cuirp
pass.

481
ceol

Nsg. 779, Gsg. ciachdorcha 1608.

ciach

cenglad C.
2497, va.
cruaid-.

de 839, vn. cengal

cengailti

797.

See

music Nsg. 669, 161 5, na. Asg. 666, Gsg. ciuil 662, 664, ceolbinn cuisledha ciuil 157 sweet, melodious 658, 664, 675.
;

cenmotha except cenmothae 327.

1287.

166,

No

251, 545, ex. after

cerbaim
cerd
f.

cut,

ccrb 472.

hack pret. sg. 3 ro Cf. cirrbaim. (magic) art Apl. cerda

;

cenn m.

head Nsg. 844, Asg. 949, Gsg. cinn 1245, Dsg. cinn
a)

geinntlighi

413, 767, 1238, cenn 1051, 1353,

c. 1783, 1780 draighechta 1786, Dpi. cerduibh arts, accomplishments 1372, Gsg.

1705, 1707, Npl. cinn 1364, Apl. a 1447, Dpi. ceannaibh 1684
;

lucht

na

ceirde

cedna

trade,

profession 1626.
1 cert

ndiaigh a cind see diaig.

b)

straight,

metaph. head, leader, ruler 1044, 1880. c) end an c. ele don

cengal
cpd.
1960.
d)

certa

1377

upright colamna a -lar in the very

1,

middle of 171
171, ina

2107, a

-medhon
dlighid
c. do comhe-

in
i.

various
ar cinn

-sesam 350, 1293.

c.

prepositions.

2 cert m. right, justice

ahead of, in front of 647, 2125. ar cenn to, towards 817, 1787. CO cenn till the end of, for ii. iii. fo cenn {of time) 623, 964.

490

502,

gan
1808,

ch.

804,

cunnmail

Gsg.
;

daidhi ceirt 1888

cethair see ceithre.

2464.

certugud correcting 142 1, 2266.

cethern troop, band (of soldiers) pi. cetherna 310, 1285. 1 cethra see ceithre.
2 cethra coll. cattle 83, 1946, 1952, cethre 387, ac marbhadh na

a cinn

iv. begain aimsiri within 258. at the end of, after 551, 2093, a cenn to, towards, at (of striking a blow) 66 j, 2343.

V.

OS

cinn

above

631,

iioo.

Cpd. -bert see 1 bert. cennach (cennadach)

Apl. cennacha 1252.

province

cethra 1957 ('^s Gpl. ?). cethrar four persons 989,

c.

i9-3>

2 cennach buying, paying dogebairsi do c. 6 A. 987.

dibh 1874.

cethre see 2 cethra.

17

GLOSSARY.
sec

chum
Cia

dochum.

cinel race Dsg.

I,

what ? pron. who ? which? cia doroine 07, 10^3. cia da mbeirdis a claim 1104
intorr.
;

don

ch.

don cedna

cincl
4.

GhrcgacU

See bunad-,
diil

fchtarchineoil. sochineoil.

cc ho in niilo adubhairt 92

1,

ce
cia

cinned fate, destiny ni licidir scch an cinne.adh 745.

hiat

who

they

were 141

cinnim for

excel,

surpass prct.
134,

sg. 3

aguind bus
cisi

thrcisi

1664

fem.
1295,
1

ro cinn 127, 192, condit. sg. 3

damna
sense

381,

miciall

slonnud
Ciall

i29ts.

Cj. 2 ca,

cid.

do (no) cinnfedh without the prep.

cinntaigim

209;
203
;

201,

Asg.

302,

ceill

129,

defeat 261, 311, 1343.

('.sg.

buain
;

ccille

do chabhair
298.
Cf.

1537

ciallgacsmar
sensible,

niithiall.

sin pret, sg. 3 gur cinntaigh I. re mnai A. 72. c. no cinnus how ? with condit.
:

ciallmar

prudent
{of

co

c.

gebadh 16; 1893; with

c.

pret.

313cian long,

doroighne 1780;

1788;

c.

time and ar do echran 264, is c. ro badar 2010 CO it was not long nir c.
distant

dodhenum
2477.
Cipe

sc wliat he should do

space)

robo

ch.

phalanx

cipi

1513.

cirrbaim

cut, hack,

hew vn. cirrbadh

cf.

till,

c.

do
as,

before long 684, 1855. nir in Ian 462, 1840, ni c. rainic in tan tarrla 1209,
.
.

614, 1248, va. cirrtha 2027, ccrbaim and next.

cirrbaigim
sg.

cut,

hack,

hew
472,

pret.
cf.

in iiair 1894.

cein as long during the time that in c.

;

An

ro

cirrbaigh

cerbaim and prec.

cis tribute,

robsat bco iat 366

1398cein
Ciar
("tin
-|

437, 455,
25O.

tax Asg. 1647.

{of hail,

mair
1396.

A
.

cisi see cia.

a fogus

cith shower
.
.

of weapons)

wax

Gsg.

ced

tapur

Nsg.

55 1,

2182,

ciara 1194.
1 cid

2183, Apl. 823;

prtjn.

cixl.

Npl. cetha -anfaidh

interr.

what ?

'who ?
fil

cidh no Ihoirfedh 446, cid

ann

at all events

15S, 448, 605,

302. ciuin quiet, calm, gentle co c. 1659, on ferthuin bice c. 2245.

gidh be conair whatever 1951. cidh beith da linmairccht howcuidh numerous 1342 ever
;

claen see -brethach.

claenaim bend, decline pret.

ro claen 675, gur
c.

sg.

2343.
pres.

bui ann who (what be cid 2138

; .

?)
. .

was there nech do

;

claidim

subdue,

overcome

pass, claiter 11 18, condit. sg. 3

rachadh
1 1

whoever
281.

249

330,
see

do

(co)

18,

Cid

tracht

2007,

pass,

clai(dh)fedh 99, ro claifidhe

300,

330,

tracht.

See cia, ge.

c.

2 cid see ge.

pret. sg. 3 gur claidh 1630, inar clai 2034, vn. cla(e)i 1090, 11 38,.
;

Cime captive ina

711

718.

clodh
198.

349,

mar

airrde

claeite

1 Cin regard, esteem i-ijy.

cin see gan.

race,

clann

a)

offspring,

children

Asg.

cined

species
c.

dac na 249, don

don c. fhodhmordha
Dsg.

mathair cloinni 2457, Dsg. cona cloind 1647. b) descendants, race don Adham1

105,

Gsg.

GLOSSARY.
cloinn 535, 1382, Gpl. a slesaibh saerclann 893, Dpi. do clannuibh

179
1568
(note)
;

cathaibh

1688,

Seth 598.
clarach boarded, asin pailis
.

made
.

of boards

1695. Cluas ear Npl. cluas ib.

cluasa 764,

Gpl.

claraigh 2169.

But

see Gael. Journ. xix 168.

cluiche play, game, sport in gach cluidhci 134, Gpl. cluidhcedh

151,

clas groove {of sword)

do cloidhme

chluidhchi

327

as

vn.

-letna 2189.
cle
left

a[c] cluithi 2056.

gualaind
d(i)a
c.

na righedh c. 352, ara fora cli 400, c. 950

;

-clumach -haired fodc.

c.

767.

cluthar (cluthmar) sheltered cuan

915.
c.
-\

475,
cleric,

1211.

cleirech

scholar

NApl.

cleirigh 1782, 1891.

cles
cli

enaim bone etar do c. elilinnti

incinn 1354,

ivory 1099, Apl.

game

Gpl. 151.
chest

cnama
474,

2156.
614,

Cpds. -cumthach

see cle.

cllab

{human)

-lethan

238,

573, -fairsing 770.

cliamain Gsg. clcmna. a) fatherin-law 894, 975, 2573. b) sonin-law 535, 2043, 2085.
cl6 nail, spike Dpi. clodhuibh 637. cl6d see claidim.

-gherradh 872, -gherrtha 1096, -remar 2559. ened ivoitnd tuc c. fair 950, 1013, 2002, Gsg. a Ian cneidi 2505.
cnes m.
1243,

skin re

(ria)

ones 998,

2507, imma ghelch. 173, Gsg. inar cnis 454,

ma

cnes

2567.

clocasach
cf.

having
s.v.

belfries

1805,

cnoc
1

hill

Dpi. cnocuibh 1608.

Maund.
f.

clogcas.

CO

ivith,

with poss. adj. cona

cloch

Asg. 1963, Gsg. cloichi 1 9 10, ar aei cloichi at stone-throwing 202, as adj. of
633,

stone

(exx.

infra),

guna

1986,
a)

rel.

conar mhair 1182.

witk,

stone

2514, cloch

Npl.
2531,
;

2201, Dsg. cloich clocha 1552, Gpl.

cairibh co n-oluind having corcra leo 227 24S, 484, 1246.

;

1480

Apl.

clochuibh Dpi. inorclocha great

;

accompanying, accompanied by a righan cona banntracht

b)

162
in

909 (Contribb.) cpd. clochbuadach 735. clog bell, clock A cinn cuig mbuilli
2093. Clogad helmet 1490, 1704, 2344. Cpd. -ceinnbeirt 1244. cloichsnechta hailstones Gsg. cith
c.

castles {'!)

816, 1509. addition cona

;

c)

as well as,

maithis
CO

275,

43 1,
d)

cf.

la

38 n-aidhci
;

1462.

With noun forming

: -\

don

c.

adverbial or adjectival phrase ri CO fill CO finghuil

.

1551, 2182.

434 357. 1005. 1 168. 2 CO to, with art. gusan 762, 2360, cusin 977 with pron. cugum
;

cloidem sword NAsg. 355, 1248, Gsg. -im 274, Dpi. cloidhme
{sic)

701

cugud, cugad
;

11 17, 141 3,

2251
2484,
1441.
a)

2189.
skull
tre

cuigi 868, 2154; cuicci cuichi 2492 cuca 421,

;

cloigenn
clos see

cloiginn

in

caemrigh 1604.
dochluinim.
453, 2079,
clu

With verbs
1084,
1

of

motion
hinis

to,

towards dochoidh
12
.
.
;

.co

C.

fame no,
chili

CO

do chuir cedfadnach osna

81

1,
;

leigedar frasa
1995,

cuigi

1504

mina

i8o
tucthai

GLOSSARY
;

m'ingcan cugiun 701 1669. ro ghabhsad a lamharma cuca 2187 2J31. Implyc. \cib ing motion without
. .

cogad war

19,

1618,

ferr

les

sidh na a cocudh

1859,

Gsg.

cogaidh see buaid.

coibfled feast

doronadh
1306,
1

c.

6.
(?)

nach facadar
cuca 1441;
see

comfluirtacht

coiblide question, problem

ccist 1303
;

-j

2154;

CO lathair

31 3.

Idthair. b) as far as co 2166. himlinn 768 c) o tus CO deiredh 1157, o beg co mor until co d) of time till, 1936.
;

coibligim
sg.

lie ivith, copulate pret. 3 do choibhg fria 51, vn. coiblidhi re 64.

coibnes

coll.
7.

relations

Dpi. coib-

rochtain

do E.
;

cuigi

311,

co

ncsaib

madain 1270

2255.
e)

See also

coigill stint,
c.

sparing comrucc gan

bas, brath, cenn.

Forming

315-

advv. from adjj. 791, 800, 1402. 3 CO conj. that, with ro generally coro gur, but cor 351, 586, con 589, guro, gur ro 417,
482, torchair
734,

coill

wood Dsg. 1638

;

man

caillidh

2351, 2515
2331-

coruigi in choillidh

coillim geld va. cursun

coillti

connfaca

2559.

388.

coim-

See also com-.

With

neg. con(n)ach 246, 1029,

1253, conar 85,

meaning
nar, q.v.).

(a)

412, 1093 (in the neg. is nach, a) After verbs of

coimedaim guard, keep ipv. sg. 3 coimedadh 2450, vn. coimed in

ff.

exx.

a)

guard

of persons

saying, thinking, seeing, hearing

etc.

711, 976, 2237, of cities, ways etc., 638, 979, 1636, of cattle

that

(foil,

by

indie,

and

1947.

b) cert
c)

do coimed 492,
clogad a[c]

condit.)

adubhradar co rachdis

2375.

protect

706;
etc.,

1650, 1747, 2423, 2486 ar uamhan co 1981, is

coimed a cinn ^1245. Gsg. carcair coimeda 712, 2312, lucht

c. 1752, atach c. 2553. coimedaide one who guards, main-

nar 1325, comartha gur Omitted in atpert ba 1630. techtaire 2139; b) 2142. consecutive so that gur bean a
[s]uaill
:

tains

Apl.

comhedaidhi

ceirt

188S.

cend de 404

601, 1352, 2407.

c)
till,

See also innus. CO rainic 76;

;

until

coimidecht accompanying, escorting a c. E. 1829, a c. a ingine 1933.

coinne meeting in phr. a c. against, to meet 1040. 1652, 1681, I999:

265, 1172, 1664,

Co ro sin till then 1027. 2327 CO ro so till now 1768, 1993. no See also connicci, coruigi see no. CO mbeirdis 795 d) that conach in order final
; ;

C6ir

fit,

right,

just

Is

coir

do

marbhus 2215,
duid 1989.
2 c6ir
Gsg.
f.

cpv.

dobu cora
429,
c.

right, justice

2219,

dechdais 492 1470 See Cin CO see gan.

;

(?),
is.

1675.

cora

1888,
c.

na
fer
2

rights C42, ata

2464; talman air

cobair see cabair.

702, see
C.
sg.

TD

xxiv

and

note.

codad

see

cadad.
ipf.

n-imagallma 269, 321.

c. ri c.

codlaim sleep
1277, vn.

codladh

coirpthe wicked, sinful Calcuis

coUadh 280, 1762.

2041,

2567.

GLOSSARY
coisceim pace, step prime, miledh
2560. 195 coiscim restrain,
;

i8i

comairt 2205, 1. lamh 2543, Gsg. lamhchomairti 2177.

put

stop

to
;

comartha

sign,

token

mar

c.

fut. coiscfed-sa
1

107,

2040

do diumus 805 cond. do coiscfedh

;
;

dia geran hi 672 2586 pret. pass, gur coisced in beist was
silenced

cuimnighthe iioo, 1454, c. in ghradha sin 2285, mar c. gur claidh 1630, Dpi. ara comartaibh 1474.

coscem 131 7 ipv. d'imarecc let us cease from 131 8.

;

comba
pret.

see

is.

combrisim
sg.

break
3

together,

crush

coitchenn general,

common co
:

c.

629. coitchinne generality in phr. in general na cede a c.

219, 781
;

do combhris 2155. combrugaim crush together vn. gan

c.
;

combrughadh
comchruinn
1273.

1093,

va.

ccirin

149

combruidhti 808.
circular
c.

each a

c.

109,

181,

feib speire

2028.

colach

sinful

do

slieht

Caim

colaigh 1833. colainn body Dsg. -coluind 1552. colam dove Nsg. 2050.

comdail meeting, assembly, gathering c. imsloigh 379, Dsg. 165 a e. ^o meet, towards, in phr.
; :

colamain see coliin. colg sword Nsg. 202.

coll

against

289,
.

812,
.
.

1423;
E. 1866.

ro

hazel Gsg.

collaide bodily,
. .
.

midh cuill human gan

sgrechadar comdaingen,
624.
athaiic.

c.

-in
c.

impregnable co
26,
cipi
c.

strong, very 1006, caistiall

1513,
c.

cuan

c.

c.

2382.

collaim sleep see codlaim. colun m. (e 2158-9, de 2165-6)

915, asin pailis

c.

2169, trealam

2338.
(?)

column
Nsg.

(of Pillars

of H., etc.)

comdin mutual protection

c.

a[c

?]

1378-9, Asg.

Dsg. 1 38 1, Npl. Apl. colamna 1377.

2158, 2165, coluin 2156,

aroile 1256.

comdingna (comdidnad) comforting, relief, solacing 488, 1266.

comad

see

is.

comaigthech
cheile
c.

foreign,
66,

strange

comdirech abrupt, steep {steps) co ceimeannaibh comdirgae

. . .

cennaighchi
sg.

234-

comaidhci 225. comaillim fulfil pret. chomuill 368.

comdiurucud throwing
3

together 469.

do

See diubraicim.

comaimsir same time ina

1277.

c.

1030.

eomainm name, cognomen

comair in phr.
1 1
:

Nsg.

comlochaiv proximity Dpi. in phr. a comfochraibh near by 423 a r. in tsrotha 27, i c. do 18,
;

119, 345-

ar
c.

c.

in front of

comfogus neighbourhood
a
c.

in phr.

1079, for 529. comairle counsel, advice dorinde

re took counsel with 973,

99, fa

di near 100.
-j

c.
;

comfurtacht help cabhair

;

c.

925,

2129

dena
2249.

mo

c.

follow

my

advice

do c. E. 1065, 2005, do 1441 c. d'E. 21 II, Gsg. ag iarraidh

a comfhurtachta 1698.

COmairt striking, clapping, beating {of hands in grief), ag lamli-

comgael
Asg. a

coll.
c.

relations,

kindred

uili

2272.

l82
comgar proximity
>;((/)

GLOSSARY.
in phr. 1622, 2192, 2208.
:

ar

c.

comnertmars/f-oMgcosa
lU'rtniara

coimc.

1237.
.

churadliaib
.

eomgradach loving co c. 2239. comlann. comlunn combat, fight

sarc. 2113, ro

1286,

mar
1567-

mcdlion coimnert770, co calma c. 1515,

.

fheradur

c.

812,

doronsat
1

c.
c.
;

7S7,

122. isin
c.

dogcbhuid c. 1133, nior comruc

-chruaid
[of

comnesam
hoiirliood

nearest,

hence neigh1253.
.

inda

c.

324

cpd.

soldiers)

1041,

1603.

-comlannach

-fightivg

cruadhcomcoimhling

lannach 573, 2173. comling race doroine

friu 193.

comolc equally bad c. in gach mitiiacm 1393. comosad joint truce 965, 1077, na haidchi sin 1875.

c.

companach companion,
1562.

ally

Gpl.

commaidem
Dsg.
builli
hi
1

c.

boasting, exulting over na ngnim 219, in

comrac comruc(c) m.

fight,
c.

combat

359, 1090, doronsat

315, 947.

716;

a
;

c.

na feinnedh

1879

2030

CO

mbuaid

comaidhmi 1217. commaith as good as a c. do comruc 1718, do righ 2240. commarbad killing a[c] c. a ceile
1720.

Cpd. caincomruc peace, amiability 37, As vn. see comraicim. 49S. comrad conversing, conversation
so[i ?]ne

Gsg. comruic 790, 1265.

comraidli
C.

322,
;

a[c]

comradh re tre comradh

L. said 885
;

2056

speech
ivhat

L.

commes

comparing, vying do coim[m]ess frit 185.

with

through 1668.

comraicim
. .

fight,

do

battle

with

Comm6r
c-

equally big da ordtiin comora 886, cetra colamna

1377(?) (?)

(fri)
1

pret. sg. 3 ro (do)

comruicc
-j

comna protection coemna ?), horn

Dr.
fri 1

(comge

C. do ch. fein do comraicsit 873, 1484, vn. comruc 400, 1263, see
141,

1585,
pl-

i703

comrac.

Knott,
nir

cf.

2
.

(congna ?, comnaide,
. .

comre same
hi
c.

time, period in phr.

c.

cumnad)

gabh

c.

re 5, 508, ina

2427.
stout

harm

592.
living,

comremar
dwelling 1834,
. . .

very
. .

fat,

very

comnaide

erball

c.

1322.

2417, doronsat comnaidhi CO maidin camped 1078 catliair

;

comthach see cumthach. comthenn very firm gleic

c.

permanent
. .

city

2300.

comthrom
bot
erbull
. . .

equal

(in)

c. 2396. weight a c

2 comnaide
cruaidli
.
. .

hard,
.

horny
1239, eidedhi

c.

do dher[g]or 252, cudrum.

con see 3
co.

257.

Cf.

c.

1323,
Cf.

c.

1671.

2209

congnaidhi TBC^ (Dr. Knott). See comna.

c.

conach
1815.

prosperity,

wealth

642,

comnart very strong clogad

CO coimnert 1402.

1244,

conair
1749,

f.

way,
Asg.

path,
233,

road

Nsg.

gidh

be

c.

comnertaigim strengthen, confirm

pret.
sg.

dechuid 1951, Gsg. conuire 825,

Dsg. conair conuir 698, See athgairid, fritheing.
1936.

ro

coimnertaigiss

an

coir 428-9.

GLOSSARY
COnblicht conflict, war c. do chuir c. 19,
-\

183
hE. 1397, vn. do cosaid
;

coccadh
. .

sin re
rit

forna

gaothaibh 56. COnfad fury, rage

302.

c.

cithanfaidh

O90, 1437, 1916. cosaint defending ara c. 300. coscar m. triumph, victory Gsg.

2309

congbaim
conid see
is.

See cunnmaim.
sin thus far Conidh e

1 100, lar mbreith cosgair chatha 1750, and see buaid. coscarthach victorious, co crodha

coscair

in

connicci in

plir.

c.

c.

1 1

74.
c. c.

in cliapter-endings
.

geinemain Ircail connigi sin 6g 1035, 2262. Cf. co ro

.
.

cosmailius likeness, similarity a cluas, sula 764. 766, amail

1996.

s.v.
1

roichim, coruigi.
tliroiv

cor

Asg. c. arrachta 1136, Apl. cuir borba

{in

wrestling)

cothaigim see cathaigim. craebach coll. branches amail ch.

sciach 1240.
craidail proclamation c. fo pein a

2395. 2 cor see 3 co.

anma
s.v.

2479.

See Guy, gloss.

corbo see

is.

craidhail.

(?) corcin 132 1. corcra crimson [of sheep) Oilen na belcorcra Caerach C. see caera
;

craide heart sere

mo

chridhe 525

croidhi

1283

courage,

spirits
c.

craidhi

1918,

2213,

gabh

512.

maith cugud 2210.

-craidemail see dur-.

corn horn, trumpet Dsg. c. catha 278, Apl. cuirn caismerta 157.
corob see
is.

crann

tree

m..ast
c.

Asg. 1982, Gsg. croinn of a ship 1556, Dsg. crann

Dpi.

coroin crown ro cuiredh

549, fona cend 1050.

imme
;

384, 587,

2530,

crunn 397, Gpl. crann crannaibh 1635.

corp

m. body 179, 830, corpse 1096, 1885, 2200

ar
ch.

2109-10

2184 corp -remar 238,

;

Cpd.
7 1 8.

-caistiall 142.

crapaillte

bound

am

chime

ch.

572.

ere earth, clay Gsg. criadh 842,

loisc[th]e

c.

corrach uneven, rough re cairrgibh corracha 2517.

corran curved knife Dpi. 1673.

1379,

Dsg.

do chre

809.

corugud battalion, division, section {of an army) 1042 ff., 1686, Apl.
coirighti

crech raid, plundering expeditian Dsg. ar creich loingsi 646.

crecht ivound Gpl.

104 1

(note).

Dpi.

crechtach

wounded,

424. covered

with

coirighthibh 160.
coruigi to, as far as c. in pallas See connicci. 61 1376, 2145. cos foot, leg Asg. lethc. 401, Gsg.
;

wounds 1096.
crechtnaigim
ro

wound

pret.

crechtnuigedh

1331,

pass, vn.

coisi 2346,

NApl. cosa
;

83, 771,

cred

crechtnugud 739, 871. interr. pron. what

Cred

1237. dia c. on foot 1132

Ar

cois by the leg 2513,

c.

cuain

dodcnuir-si 1158; 2432, 2485, cred in ni 438; 1155, 2482.

in re cois alongside 2304, addition to, together with 2512.

creidim

believe
. .

ipv.
.

sg.

Na

creided

aimles
3

orum-sa

cosaidim complain pret. sg. 3 Do chosaid A. gnimartha na fer

2450, pret.
sin 2362.

pi.

nir chreidsit

i84
crenaim

GLOSSARY,
buy
condit.
sg.

no

(riiil.idh 251.

2 cruaid steel 592, Gsg. cruadach as adj. 0/ steel 637, 2001, 2190.

crepuscul dattn hi
1271. crich f.

c.

na maidni

cruas hardness, rigour, harshness a ch. churadh 1348.

md, boundary, land Dsg.

1104, crich

cruinn
511.

round salch. round-heeled

the

1142, Gsg. crichi cricha 1373, Cpl.

Apl. 985,

cruinne Dsg.
1284,
1 1

f.

round world, universe

chr.

Dpi. crichaibh mo bais 2219.

country,

1145.

Co
In

c.

isin

In

strengthens

sg. terrilory,
pi.

preceding aen
cf.

cxx.

any

231,

709,

supra.

bith

Gsg. J59, O29.

couvtry (lit. confines) 1375, 1823, or countries 215, 1371.

crichnaigimy7;;/5/;, complete condit.
?g. 3

29.

cruinnigim

rd.

do chrichnochadh 1387.
sg.

Do

gather, collect Trans. chruinnigh E. a muindtir

;

cride see craide.

crinaim lay waste pret.

Clin.
. . .

3 ro

1651 1781, do chruinnigh F. corp an trenmiledh gathered up

2538.
Intrans.

na tirtha 1252.
cruib 769,

crob /land, paiu Xpl.

-rcmar 239.
crbda
CO
crod cattle Apl. cruidh 1946. brave bangaisgedhach
c.

edar 1062
cruit

...
;

do chruinnighn-urtimceall E.

1891, 2170.

harp ADsg. 658, 674, Gsg.

chruiti 661.
cruitire harper 658.

-5^5,
c.

gleic

c.

2396,

ri

c.

452,

1174. croicenn m. skin, hide Nsg. 1474, Asg. 998, Dsg. 454, Gsg. in

469,

chroicind 867, Dpi. do chrocnib Of the Golden Fleece 242.

see orda.

appearance 5, 129, Cpd. -ghranna 573. cu dog, hound Asg. coin 83 (?), 193, Gpl. con 2333.
cuairt
f.

cruth form,

visit

Nsg. 688, ar

cuan

ni. harbottr

c. 2059. 2267, Gsg. cuain

croide see craide.

crolige lying in gore ro bui a
c.

379, 2304, Dsg. cnan 661, 1463, gabaim cuan 1402, 2327.

de 403.

cuartugud searching
. . .

1443,

1784,

CTom

bent, twisted sxon.

cuasc.

1976, 2203.

765. crot see cruit.

cuarraim
sg.

bend,

bow down
. . .

pret.

erothach see ilclirothach.

3 ro cuarr 472. cuas hole, nostril sron

-crom

crothaim shake pret. sg. 3 gur chroith 2405, vn. crothadh 1670. cru blood, gore Nsg. 1504.
1

765.

cubald meet, proper

re

mar

is

cubuidh

cruaid

hard fa

c.
;

d'E.

eturra

luird pressed

do

bot c. 1238, 2003 clochuibh crua'idhi 842,

c.

erbull

1322.

Cpds. -calma

deghmnai 2451. cudrum even, equal in size da orduin cudruma 886, cetra colamna cudruma 1377. Cf. comthrom.
. . .

1466, -chenglaim 586, -conilannach 573, -chuibrigim 357, -daingen 1535, -neimnech 2183. -nerlmar 771, -talman 809.

cuibrech
J '('lids

binding
876.

Apl.

cuibhrigi

culbrigim
CUid see
I

bind
J

pret.
5ei?

sg.

ro

cuibhrigh

137.

cruaid-.

See comlann-, Ian-.

cid.

GLOSSARY.
cuidiugud help, assistance gan carat 1562.
c.

i8=
ar lamha do chur

clu

romhuind

cuig five cuic 1194, in all other cases .u. 774, etc.

iv. put forth our hands 1530. With adverbs amach 1949:

50, b)

cuiger five persons

1877.

c.

dibh

(.u.)

aenslige, srang. cuirim ar,. Absolutely in

:

and

see

cuimgi see cumgaim.

cath, comrac, see these nouns. c) send, with various prepp

for

cuimlim rub ipv. sg. 2 cumail in ola do leine E. 2289. cuimne f. memory, recollection Gsg. eladha na cuimni 971. cuimnigim remember ro cuimnigh a cloidcm 312 remind a 409
;
;

amus
109,

535, ar conn 1786, co

i 131, 6 (uadha) roime 1652, sechnoin

2484,
fa

do 1508, dochum 2083,

130,

116, 1622,

135, tar 2268.

d)

Hence
culu

drive,,

throw,

expel

for

drive

person

(do)

of

cuimnigh F. do commemorate 358

;

Ro (accus.) E. in caingen
1454,

back 293, as 355, 1758, de 1324, do 1758, (do)chum bais see

i 306, 900, tre 589. e) set out toiiiards, make for cuir festa do gabhail na T. 723 2160,

cuimnighti

iioo,
in

comartha do

bas,

1887. cuindscleo attack, onset 311,

cuimniughudh 1629, na ngini

1207, 1439.

caithreime

cf.

1538.

788,

cuisle
156.

pipe
c.

Apl.

cuisledha

ciuil

cuingim ask, request is i c. foruib-si vn. cuinge 533. 679

;

eul back

for culu,

a cinn 587 in phr. cula back, backwards

;

cuirim vn. cur 1099, 2501. a) put, place i. Defined by various

prepositions in concrete meanar 833, 1092, 2341 fa ings
: ;

41, 620, 1356.

1

cuma

form, robo caoime

appearance
. . .

ben
5.

cuma
:

cuma same

in phr.

c.

caich
ro

798,

1761

889, 2023, 2501,

;

like everyone else,

together with
;

a lenmuin do 1672 6s 1099; re 2192;

ii.

im i960

roim 1048.
aithrechus,
3

everybody 559, 652 raidh atracht 276,

-]

cuma
cf.

amlaid.
382,

Cuirim

agaid,

cuma

athrugud, cath,

ceist, conblicht,
[cf.

gyief, sorrow Gsg. Dsg. cumaidh 2069, 2234.

cumnadh,

delb, innell, scel

1992), tinol ar, see these nouns, iii. With prepp. in special

cumail see cuimlim. cumang narrow foran

asrais

cumuing
631,

341,

ceide

cumhung
cumgae
1749,
635,

do chuir lampaidh ar do chuirsit Dia a rathnachus made God their guarantee (?) 332, do chuir ina meisnech muindtir encouraged 1702, do chuir isin deilb freagra do thabairt 1818 do chuir an leine uime put on do chuir 2504 1050, 2076
idioms
:

CO ceimeannaibh

lasad 1632

234, conair

cumang

CO

c.

84.

cumdach covering a chathbarra 331 (?)^ cumdaigh 735

. .
.
;

707

case, cover {of a harp) C59.

cumgaim
cuimgi

be able subj. sg. 2 dia ni di 1307, pret. pi. 3

Naraguine put in charge of 1766; do chuir a clu osna cathaibh 1694, s^^
. .
.

drong

le ri

nir cumgadar cumnad helping,

2128.

2003,

c.

la

help c. do 1073,. 066, cuiridh-si c.

aran cathraigh 2133.

l86
cumtach sec mmd.u li. 1 cumthach hacking,
cn.imi
. I

(GLOSSARY
b) past
heivuiii
kS^iS,
i84_*.

7).

(>!.}.

da maircdh 109; 671, dia ndoirtitis 439; 933, Willi copula damadh
:

cumthach m. conipaniim
power
for
c.

46.
tlie

783.

cumiis
piiicer

in{to)

3 da scr

(le.

of 38. 836.
ola

iQoi.

4 da see 3 do.

CUmusc mixing,
sin
68,
.

cohabiting
. .

don

c.

daenna
249,

huiiuni

don

ciuctlh

daona
1234,

do

ch.

trithi

CO

ndeilb ndacnna

2493.

glor d. 1293.

cunnmaim
piTl. sg.

keep,
3 ro

retain,

preserve
51, 83,

cunnaim
a

he d. daer base, of low descent danardha 239, mor saer nd.

-j ]

vn.
52S, cert

a[c]

cunnmail

n-oighi

gan marbhadh 795, 2220 1808 c. dosjobhair do ch. uaim-si 1924.

a
c.

442 cpd. -niaicne 165. daescar in daesgarshloigh rabble

; :

do

176.

cunnrad covenant, bargain Doronsad c. 329, do chomhuill a c.

368, ar c. d'airighti condition C81.

daethain sufficiency Asg. a lordacr thain don uisci 44S 1615.

;

daidbir poor 164.

dail
f.

on

one

meeting,

business,
162,

affair

cur m. warrior, hero 167, 1290, 2589, Vsg. 183, ca hainm in

curaid
419,
sin

Dsg. eigindal 1349, a ndail towards,

Gsg.
against 288, 321 [cf. comdail). Cf. in dal i fil (?) 1302, iss edh

na dala-sidhe

23S0,

Gsg.

curad

ba

(frequent as adj. warrior-like), Npl. curaid 310,

1348,

gnathdaladh ...

la

hE.

2185, Gpl. curad 830, 2176, Dpi. curadaib 1286, 2 171.

PI. dala with foil. Gen. 1259. as to, as for iii, 576, 2081.

dailim

distribute
.
.

ro

dailedh

biudh

iat

curata brave, warrior-like

c.

medhon
c.

soigidbolc

574, ro forra 590

.

dail a
;

vn.

771,

comlunn
charger,

c.

788, gleic

-daladh see
1

dail.

2397.

daingenyz^w/, strong, impregnable

cursun
2559.

war-horse

Gpl.

do

baccanaibh daingni 1673, cathair daingen 1814, dorus d.

821, dunaidh d. 632, eidedh d.

D
1 da two 696,
1

183.

Da

is

both
:

m. and
di

uaim d. 1927. Cpv. See cadad-. daingne 232. cruaid-, comdaingen, deg-, imdaingen, Ian-, prim-, sar-,
2592,
trebar-.

f.

(e.g.

418, 121 7) but

1246 (a dha 416), di laim 2022 fora di glun 919. Dat. asa dibh rose 1345, diblinuib see 2 lin. Da .xx. forty
doit
;

2 daingen fortress,

stronghold asa

daingin 870, ar lar

1004.

mo

daingin

2379

fa

a sciath

do ticice 910, ro gherr ar do in two 1059.

foil,

daingne ^;';fss, strength, impregnability rena daingni {of an

island)

644.
i

2 da dia
present

if
:

b}-

subj.

a)
;

dairse

cuirem 1948 2316, dia fechair 682 1306-7.

;

Da

bondage, imprisonment ndaeirsi ac E. 730.

dairt dart Gpl.

da ced dairt 1491.

GLOSSARY.
daised
ro

187
elided

daisedh

inibe,

impea

usually

before

vowels

became maddened, furious 353,

1333C/- dasacht, etc. dala-d see dail.

and f (17, iro2, 1833), but sometimes not do ait 189 271, 375-6, do fhuiglibh i8i.
:

dam
767,

ox

Asg.
(note),

damh
Gsg.

allta

s/ag

With
1923
1041
; ;

pers. pron.

dim 924
di

dit

2440
1959-

sula

dainih
daini

de 839

f.

306

dibh

Apl.

doim
testudo,

1938,

diaroile

1229.

With
;

damdabach
Asg. 595.

shield-circle

dod 24C0, dot 1921 dia 1069, da 1863. Rel. dia

poss. adj.

488,

damna
d.

cause, reason Nsg. cisi d.

d.

diar 593. 1914. dar 1738.

1824,

da 591,
art.

With

don

broin 381,

gudai 1339. Asg. in galair 14 Gpl. co n-ilimud

;

413,

dona

1 1

76.

A.

righdamhna dan profession,

204.

1173.
calling, accomplish;

from.

In the general meaning a) From, on account of

dod

ment Gsg. aes gacha dana 156

1258, ghradh-sa 2460; Introducing the b) material from or of which

1407.

dana
14 1

bold,

dasacht
7,

courageous robo d. in d'E. 1283, is d.

something do shroll
c)

is

made
;

meirgi
454,
racial
:

1475

1099.

CO discir d.

dasachtach
.

Introducing

the

or

1576,

comruc

d.

1057,

famil}' origin of

a person
;

don

d. 1063, ruathar d. 1478, urluidhi d. 1328.

drecht

chinel
d)

danarrda

fierce, brutal 240, 572.

dano
q.v.

moreover,

indeed

42,

365,

cedna 4 1299, 2307. By, through, by means of aca bualadh do bemennaibh 405, aca caiteam do clochuib
. . .

1304, used like didiu, immorro,

The sg. 3 841 756, 1206. de means tJierefrom, on account

;

See merdanta. dar in phr. dar la each they thought 53, dar leo 1638.

-danta

all

676, 1499.

in d. fccht dara second 403, 1042 a second time 64. dasacht madness, fierceness 389,
;

ba marbh hi de 2495 e) With respect to, do diurucad na as regards soighed 195, do dheilbh 2053. B. Partitively drong dibh
of
it
; :

1036;

1 1

29,

1924.

See also other

805,

1283.

Cf.

daised.

daethain, ilimud,
. . .

mor and
:

dasachtach mad,
d.

fierce
. . .

cath
d.

words

expressing
foil.

1682,

comruc
roba
.

1057,
.
.

With

rel.

quantity. clause olc dia

;

cenn
d.

d. druisi 848,
.

ruathar
.

ndernadh

860

2163.

An

1479,

d.

na

fir

572, CO dian dreaman d. 347. fair 763, dath colour d. dubh Gsg. CO n-edrocht ndatha 223,
. . .

extension of this usage is found in sentences where the word

following the preposition explains the word preceding it
:

deghd.atha 2090. sgarloid Cpds. -alaind 1024, -ghranna

. .

aonfher
1833
wife
;

deg
571
;

d'fomorchaibh

do bancheile as
1220;
see

1238.

1151,

also

-dathach see ildathach.

de from.

athrugud,
is
is

always

do.

The simple form The vowel

frais. commaith, da nertNote also the idiom

: ;

mairecht 1121

394.

C.

a)

iS8
After various nouns
. . . :

GLOSSARY.
Doratt
.

181, -radarc
adj.)

154, -sloig

(Gsg.

bedg de 602,
2442,
b)
full
. .

builli

as

1039,

1224,

-tapaid

don letanluirg 29J, tanicc

dc
306.

loisi
.

82 7.

tuc

urchar

di

deg see deich.

degaid
in

After
Ian
.

adjectives

phr.

meaning
526,
c)

dod gliradh
fuil
:

pitrsiiit

linta

dia

161

2.

of 1524, 2277, a a n-erball tail first 1962.

diaig.

nd. after, in nd.

See

After comparatives
it

moide

the greater for

ferr,
(<7.l'.)

1716, see also

deich

ten

MS

.x.

.x.
;

troighti

d) With nouns luga. in prepositional and adver-

1360, deich la 2372 larger

thirty

numbers
1043,

.x.

In 2317. mili .xx.

ced
-j

bial

phrases
2572,

aimdeoin 1435,
ais

Deicli

da

1566,

2359,

dia

.XX.

cod

fifty 961.
:

Deg

in cpd.

cois on foot 1132, deoin 345, dia [n-]eis 863, do gnath 2325,

numerals aenfher deg 1832, d. 1844, da i\\er d. 616, ciiig

. . .

do 16 by day 1632, do lar 598, do roguin 1930, do tshinnrudh do shir perpetually 639, 54, d'uaman 2323. D. Determining
the

774,

II94-

deichnebar toi persons deithnebar laoch 1433. last aran deidenach toghail
dcidhinaigh 912.
deifir (deithbir) reasonable, natural,

meaning of verbs brisim bcnaim 1023,

{q.v.)

614,

cenglaim 5S7, coiscim 2586, cuimlim 2289, derscnaigim 335,

fitting in phr.:
little

dogeibim

get

from
;

17,

dognim

d. on that were wonder etc. 162, 393, 1340 Defiir dam-sa 525.
;

X do y make y and see doig

into x 886, 1390,

deimin

certain,

sure

ba

d.

lais

fiarfaigim 997,
for ply

gabaim do beimennaib
with blows 1429, gairim
call

deirbsiur sister

Gsg mac deirbh-

x do y

sethar a athar 2298, Gdu. dias

d. 1934. deired end a nd.

y X 1661, leigim leave alone 2233, lenaim 1675, scailim 359, scuirim 92, teigim depart from 161 7, tigim come from, have as
cause 2527. Sometimes difficult to distinguish from 3 do, q.v.

a neirt 755, o
(?)

tus CO d.

157, d'an

for d.

remained behind 2270. deise clothes, apparel d. aenaigh

oireachtais 2076.

-\

debaid

yi^A^^, contest Asg. 315, Gsg. fora n-iu[bh]usaibh debtha 34.

deisigim arrange, prepare ro deisigh ... a cabhlach 1408.

deithnebar see deichnebar.

deithbir see deilir.

dechaid,

-r

&c. see teigim.

1230.
;

decrach

difficult

delaigim
delb

split

coro

dhelaigh an

ded tooth dcdgeal 1024 colg ded ivory-handled sword 202.

dee see
i

sciath 1353.
f. form, figure NAsg. 1444, 2207, Gsg. na deilbhe 1639, a dhelbha 179, degdelba (gen. as

dia.

deg- pref. adj. good, frequently used for sake of alliteration

:

adj. or for delbda

-ben 2451, -dath 2090, -daingin 801, -duine 463, -delb see delb,

-denum

2426, -gnim 161

7,

-laech

?) 663, 849, Dsg. dcilb 1234, 1817, Npl. delba 1446, Gpl. na ndealbh 1448, Dpi. do dealbaibh 1447.

GLOSSARY
a)

189
mourning,
sorrowing

form, face, appearance co ndeilb ndaenna fora hagaidh

derchained

1234

2207, 2389
se
d.

expression

837. derg red roba d. in talam futlia

do

chuii-

duaibhsech

draighechta fair 1721. Cf. degdelba handsome, beautiful,

supra.
b)

1688, do sgarloid dirg 2090, do shroU dherg 1475. Cpd.

statue

ro

ordaigh

dealb

... do denum ... do

;

dergor pure gold 198, 252, 257. dergaim for -wound pret. sg. 3 nir derg ar nech 2280, pi. 3 nir
2103, nir dhergadar 1492, vn. dcrgadh 2185. der mail kiige, great, vast drechta

A. 1098

1444,

816.

dhergsat

delbaim form {by magic). a) ro delbh teine draighechta 1796.

b)

bring about, cause to be ro

dernaala 645, 1932, 2127, gradh

delbh se in sliabh dorcha do each 1778 1906. c) transform

;

dermail 1027.
derdil

insignificant,

miserable,

ro dhelbh

...
delbh

hi fein
d)
. .

wretched 96, 2432.

saine fhuath 82.

foretell ro
.

presage,

le

hesdro-

derscnaigim excel pret. sg. 3 do dhTerjscnaigh si do retlannaibh

335-

nach e E. do chrichnochadh 1386 (note).

luicce arna nelluib

derscnaigthech excelling, outstanding,

delbda see delb.

dellraigthech bright, shining {of a

prominent loc

d.

155.

ivoman) 512.

des right a lamh d. 604, S74, dia dheis 474, 12 1 1, leoghan fora

delm report, clamour ijO. demnacht devilry, magic Gsg. dee demnachta in beta 2526.

dheis 400.

detach smoke NAsg. 1773, 1994-5,

Dsg. on detaigh 1775.
di see
I

denmus make,

da.
a)

build,

form Gsg.
178.
:

for fherrdacht a

denmusa

1 dia

m.
fris

Used as vn. of dognim in denmusa na cathrach

See

Dia
1

God Dia nime God is witness

332,
that
pi.

lucht
1623.

28 1,

b)

dee {pagan) god, in

denum
see

the gods Nsg.

2038, Gsg. 2255,

s.v.

dognim.
2405.

dennmur excrement

denum

Dsg. 2032, Npl. 1082, Apl. 438, Gpl. 652, 2460, Dpi. deib 1419,
deithib

deoch drink

dognim. d. do chaitheam 2469.

(MS

d^ib)

1783.

2 dia see 2 da.

deoig see diaig. de6in will dia dh. purposely 345.

3 dia see de. 4 dia see 3 do.

diablaide
devilish
.

deorad
487,

foreigner, stranger Nsg. Gsg. fuil deoraidh 447.

o
.

deithibh
d. 2389.

d.

1783, delbh

der tear Dpi. deruibh 2075. derb sure, certain co d. certainly,

indeed 91, 677,
1845.
d.

diaig Dsg. forms of O. Ir. dead end. a) re diu lae 1940, co diu lai 21 14, at {till) the end of day.
b)

derbad proving, testing a[g] mbuilli 993 1867.

;

ina ndeadh
c) fa

(?)

after her

(?)

64.

dhecigh
a

at last 2246,
after,

derbrathair

brother

Gpl.

dias

ndeoigh dilenn
d)

since

derbrathar 1391, 1458.

1329.

ndiaig

after,

in

dercaim look pret. seocha 344.

sg.

3 ro dherc

pursuit of 1091, 2098, a nd. a n-erball tail first i960, a nd. a

19

.()

GLOSSARY
;

cind 2023 d. ar d. iooq, d. a nd. 1195 one ajtcr the other.

difaisneise indescribable,

untcllable

gradh

d. 212.

Sec degaid. diairm mtarmcd O64, 2140. diairme countless 2006.

difoglaide which cannot be taken,

impregnable
232.
fo

cpv.

difhogluighi

diamair

hidden
. . .

place

Dpi.

diamniibh docolais diamont diamond 202.

1609.

difulaing unbearable, insufferable olc d. 1260. Cf. dofulaing.

dian swift, vehement cath d. 1682,

digainn ample co
357-

nert

ndigaind
1

comruc
CO
d.

d. 1057,1!
;

d. ii6o,

cpd. dia[n]doid 597. dias couple, pair, two persons dias mac 94 1391, dias da bann;

347

diglaim avenge ipv.

pi.

diglum

a diumus
1416,

fair 1477, pret.

ro digail 910, vn. dighail 905,

tracht 1117, dias roba sine dibh 1836, ADsg. na ndis 708, la
dib see
dibirt

2191,

nd.

a clemna

894

dias 1129, da dias bhratar 1607. I da.

driving 1261.

2575, dighailt 1297. Gsg. digla as adj. vengeful b6im d.

;

401, 1331, 1869.

dil

away Dsg. dia

d.

satisfaction
d.

d.

a shainnti 16,
2340.

lanamnuis 880.
saddle Dsg.
deluge Gsg.

diblide decrepit 95.

1

dilait

dichell

neglect

con

d.

without
dichill

dile flood,

a ndcoigh

delay 23,
316. 2 dichell

debhaidh cin

dilenn 1330.

dimain
effort,

vaij2,

fruitless

ba

d.

di
;

endeavour, best of
188.

ro cliaith dichill a neirt

2326, cor d. ina ndema 286 197S, turus d. 274.

dichennaim
dicenntar

behead
723,

ipv.

pass,

dimbuan

transient
(?)

ri

d.

vn.

dicennudh

capricious

11 60. se

285, 794, 856. dichra zealous, vehement (of fighting)

dimsach, dimus diumus.

diumsach,

1180, 1484.
grief,

dinaim
D.
dia
292.

protect pret. sg. 3

Ro

dhin

dichuma
dichur
didiu

lamentation
dia
nd.

Diarxira fa E. 2545.

expelling

-]

n-indarbadh 1409.
hence,
then,

dingbail Gsg. -ala fitting, suitable mnai a dhingmala 3.

dinite dignity

ceim

d.

moreover.

2434.
d.

Generally the second word in the sentence serving to emphasize

dinn

height,

vantage -point

the

iirst

Dorala
eturra

didiu

coir

n-imagalma

deghradhairc 154, fortress 801. dinngna fortress Dpi. mcrdingnuibh 553.

dir due, proper,

269

With subject or 1318. object of verb in emphatic

305,

meet 135.

position: E. didiu ro guidhestar Note also 130 1266, 1307.

; :

direch steep, perpendicular conuir ceinid. 635, ailltecha . .

.

landirga 777.

Dala na nGregach d. ro teclamtar 145, is amlaidh d. boi 464, Cid fil ann d. 605. At end of sentence 548.

dirgim direct pret.

!

sg. 3

do dirigh
dirime

2536.

dirim
1754.

countless

dronga

GLOSSARY.
dirma
1039,
dis

igr
split

troop,

band

pi.

dir-

dluigim
.
. .

pret.

core
fo

dluidh

madha(ibh)
1224.
insignificant,

deghsloigh

159,

an sciath 1352.
close,

diuith

dense

diamruibh.

di%c\x fierce

puny co d. 95. comruc d. 1057.

. .

dluithi 1610.
1

CO d. 289, 1576.
dith
a)
.

do poss. adj. thy 115, 678, 698. J3eforo vowels h' ar h'eis
:

damage, harm, destruction

. .

682, h'oglach 999, h'ecora 1297.

dith
pi.

do dcnum 882, 1161.

For the forms following prepp.

see these.

b) loss mordightha 1942. 828, do dhul do dith be lost loii, nar d. la hE. a marbhadh

2 do prefix of pret.,

ipf.,

condit.,

1958.

past subj. 452, 783, 1 103, 1274, 1 719. Lenition is sometimes

dithach
791.

destructive

builli

buand.

marked
is

none

in pret. act. in pass. e.g. Do

There hann-

dithad

(-i- ?)

meal

feisd.

niv

haidhchi 422, 456. dithmar suffered having

depleted dithreb wilderness, wilds 506.

luicedh 1098, do hindsedh 1966.. Elision may or may not take

place
e.g.

before

vowels
727
1853,

and
;

f,

loss,

1212.

Do

airgedur
1441
;

1865,.
;

d'iaradar
fhiarfaigh
faidis

2557

do
d'fed-

diu see diaig.

i\\i\iTdAciva

716
;

throw, hurl {of weapons)

1563

2315.

In pret.

ipv. sg. 3 pass. diuruicter\i479,

pret.
pi.

sg.

diar

diuraic

593,

do diuraicedar 2179, vn. diurucadh 195, conidh. 469.

3

Gsg. as adj. throwing (-weapon) diubruice 1545 1864, sodiu;

bruicci

1544.

do alternates freely with rebut is less frequent. 3 do to, for. The vowel is generally elided before vowels and f (937, do etc.), but sometimes net F.. 1147' <io imthecht 1096. With pers. pron. dam 525, donr
:

diugaire crying out, lamenting ag

d.

879 1 308
;

duit duid 452, 1791, det

;

do
745,

1 1

f.

di

2061,

2322.

duind
697
;

dun
700
;

diultaim refuse pret. ro diult iat fo scelaibh 520, uirav sin refused

25O.

930 duinne
;

dib

doib

382.
1067,,

Diaraili

them that 187O, ro diult

C. sin
;

^z^,

diaroile
\\ ith
;

1934, '"'''" diultadh sin leis 2393 vn. tuc diultadh do 1902.
. .

daroile 945.

poss.
71,

adj.
369,

dom
da
1

7 J 9,

2059

dia dia

201.

Kel.

1828,

da
78.

diumsach proud, haughty a E. dimsaigh 1002, urluidhi diumsach 1328, Is d. d'E.

. . .

1104,

darb ainm
article

1624,
186,
:

1656.

With
a)

don

dona
it

After adjectives
nir

aithnid

cpv. dimsaighi 848 141 7 subst. Apl. na diumsaigh 428.

;

1922,

beg

duind

was

diumus pride

805, Gsg. -uis 847.

1478,

2040,

us 1529, borb sufficient for 1003, nir cian doibh 862, cora
186,

Dehr 525, dimain 2326,

135. eigin

diuraicim see diubraicim.

dliged m. law, justice cert dlighid (isg.

dir
d. 805,

1754, ferr 1958,

gan
490,

lucht

gar 574, leir 1683, nar 700^ nesa 194, nirbo tshamlaidh do
326,

an

d. 492.

truagh 2524

Cein main

192
dun
di-si
2^l>.
1
1

GLOSSARY.
Id
bill
v..

mar

sin
:

70.

b)

After nouns

539, 1265, sceul ...

1855.

1919.

iii.

Type
;

do

clos

25

130,

ainm
cuiiirl

lOJ^, ben 870, bes 2463,

640,
2073,

~o^g, cscara

doich
2271,

{sec

doig)

Ko

ordaigh

After verbs of ordering ... in cathair do

for

posta

glanadh 2200

II, 2062.
adj.

gnathugudh 2310, gradh

;

213, lin catlia 10S3, nama 2249 inghin do loib a daiigJttcr of

expressing present or continuous action

poss.
:

With

da sarughud 1391,
dia
cf.

cf.

565

pass,

Jove's

2460

With verb
unexpressed)
of have, etc.
.
.

to

1484, 1934. c) be (sometimes in general sense

malairt

being slain

1691,

V. Expressing \>\\r1003. ro cirigh ... da fliccl.posc

:

cisi
;

damna

broin
;

ain 1201

183, 993, 2144.

:

vi.
.
. .

1299. 1524 lice loghmar do he ivas to get 202 ba hechtarcineol doibh e

. ;

doibh 382

doronsat dognim na dee do guidhe 445 450 do lecan do denum 151,. cf.
;

After

CO 4S9 cj. 1338, 1606, 1779; mbeith ardnos don ti 261.

; .

f)

In prepositional and adverbial

:

phrases

hi

comfhochruibh do

d)

After verbs

[q.v.)

beirim

clann do 1104, bronnaim 2556, ceilebraim 975, cuimnigim 358, cuirim do gorta 1759, cumgaim
1308,

343, a comfogus di 100, a ngar don dcilb 1817, d'innsaighi 824,

cumnad

give 930,
I

1073, dobeirim dognim, eraim 2520,

206, 550,

foglaim

fognaim.
foillsigim

1994,
71,

fograim
freagra

do lethtaebh na conuire 825, do gach leth 869, do gach taebh 1403, don taebh araill dibh do 1203, dia rochtuin 1479 dith ion, do glires (?) 2417, do lathuir 695.
;

2359,

fuilngim

2377,

innisim 426, idbraim 450, leigim 1254, munudh 1371, seolaim

147,

489,

taidbrigim 2470. tairgim taisbenaim 2363, tarda

946,
84,

tegmaim

452, toirmescaim

umlaigim 183. After verbs of motion introducing the objective: beirim 719, imthigim
552,

4 do see de. do see I da. doairme countless 1932. doaing difficult d. decrach 1230. dob see is. dobeirim give pres. dobheirim 1822; dobheir 2314; ni tabhraid 1082.
1478.

Ipv.

pi.

tabhram

teigim 1142, cf. 1749-50. After passives doclos di 11 14,

:

Impf. -tabhradh 196, -tabh2402, -tibhredh 230 (?) raidis 1730. Fut. dobheV 1020,
;

ni fess di 67.

e)

and varied use

constructions.

in verbal
i.

Of frequent noun
Introducing

the

duit-si 2214, co rochtain do E. cuigi 312, ac dul CO lathair do 1488. Generally, however, introducing the verbal
. . .

agent m'athar

iar

marbhadh

1 162, 2459, dobiur (plene) 1308 Ni tiubar 1139 dobhera 2316. Condit. dobheruind 672, 1421 -tiubhruind 935 dobheradh
;
; ;

133

{cf.

2482)

-tibhradh 1138,
2044,

1165, -tiubhradh -tibhraidis 2367.

2088;

noun ii. Type a haithli C. do dul uatha 1729, torathar

: :

mina edh 2482

Subj. pres. tucthai 701, past dobheir1 Pret. (? cf. 135). in -rad occur up to 1350,

Forms

... do torachtain 1230;

t/.

135,

and from there on only at 1422

GLOSSARY.
and 2548
doradsat
203.
:

193
fregra

1215, 1330;
6,

dorad, dorat 291, doradsabair 1422

2404,
1916, 1282,

1155,

innarbadh
sealladh

sathudh
tarraing

2338,
304,
:

549
:

dcradudh

troscadh

The
tucc

throughout are
tug,

forms regular -tucuis 11 63

1 1

37,
;

36,

2286
359 612

i dorad a 1972. e) With lamh [in ?]a laim 361, 367, tuc an sgribhinn ina lain. 2441,

dothucc
544,
;

1026

tucsatt

2453

tugadar,

tuccadar

I3i4(?)

dorad solaid ina ndebairt cuirp ... do thabh;

2393 tugadh, tucad 938, 1928 Part Vn. tabhairt 803, 1885.
of nee. tuc[th]a 2321.
a)
Jitir

airt isin cathraigh bring 1885

8.
.

1965.
. .

dorad tinfedh asa dibh rose 1344. g)

f)
. . .
. . .

With do

give
;

to

tuc an
;

do L. 2452 369, 1828 with a large variety of objects

[q.v.)
:_

to CO bring mina tucthai ni'ingean cuguni 701 tuc si sguird 1669, 1928
;
; .

With

aithis

1854,
1163,

anam
1020,

cuichi took 2491.

(re)

h)

With
;

le

2534,

anoir

bas

bring, carry off dorat lais

beim

1343, (ben wife) 938, 1221, do bhreith fein 672, buidechus 8g, builli 1730, oath 2044, cet

... he

478,

1016,

2490
.
.

do
.

thabhairt na n-eladhan
learn, master 1032
.
. .
;

les

ni

tabhraid
help

1825,

mo

chertughudh

1421,

lam
cf.
.
.

linn
1

do not

us

cor

136, craidhi 1919, diultadh

1082,

162;

Dorad buidh.
.
.

1902, feisdithad 421, gliaidh 398, gradh 211, indrudh saeghail

230,

echus
tuctha
n-oir

frisin rig

d'fher
i)

1237 taebh

ni

re

maitheni

1308,
14,

mallacht

mnai 2521.
carrying beirim.

a[c] tabairt
off

.2439, miscais

poicc 877, a

803.

See

Toga 1929, sere 1026, snamugh solas 618, 2433, tocured 6,

trist 612,

dobo
d.

see

is.

urchar 388, urrluighi

dobriste unbreakable

1G93.
oneself

With
up
to,

reflexive

give

S21,

aondorus do baccanaibh
.
.

d.

surrender oneself

1673-

tucadar
1883,
b)

iat fein

... do
see

1442

dobron sorrow ro
(hi)

lin.

d.

iad

2367,

and
(a

cumus.
give,
etc.
:

Without

preposition
shot),

349, 670, ag d. 2061, 2323, Gsg. fath a dobroin 2062.

perform,

shoot

dobud

see

is.

aithesc 1422, caingen 339, cor 2393, frais 1541, idain 2348,

docair hard,

difficult

is

d.

lium

urchar 391
for

dorad sidhi
;

679, 1421. d(3chasach confident

E.

amus . 303 With de see bedg.

(for)

1478.
d)

c)

dochasaigh 1002.

With

ar

dochim
impf.

see

pres.

-faicim

2473

give

inflict,

[name, answer, etc.), enjoin on with various

[q.v.)
:

docidis

1637

condit.

aghaidh bualadh ainm 1627, buidechus 933, dorad

objects

397,

docidhfedh 1281. Pret. sg. 1 -faca 880, sg. 3 rocunnaic 384,

609,
ni

473,
builli

dochunnaic 266, 1805, connfaca 388, nocunnuicc 463

;

foran corn gave a blast on the horn 278, cned 2002, craidhail

fhacca 1744,
;

-facaidh

471,

^479, greasacht 1133, fasgudh

facamar 2071 ; atFcJonncatar 593, dochonnc1830

ni

194
adar 2305
;

GLOSSARY
docunncadar
28,

2140,

mcllta

docum

fill

fair

437,

ro

-facadar 866, 1853.

Vn.

faic(c)sin 81O, 1581.

Generally with noun or pron.

in accus., but occasionally with () following verbal clause
:

badar cum brisdi forra on the point of 1700, do chuiredar cum na cathrach 2160, do chur cum
bais 2526.
b)

and

poss. adj.

rocunnaic
1747.

nar
also

fhcd
:

40.S

1217,

1304.
:

prep, i nina (n)d. 22 1 Verb of motion

:

With

Note

nach

omitted
leogain
2306.
.

connfaca
. .

na
;

tri

facaidh ara cosaint he for he saw that he tvas not on his guard
393, o nach facadar 300 cuca 1440; 1774. cobhair rob ingnath Cf. also 2140.
;

ina nd. 389

93S,

dochumainn unloving, hateful documal hardship Dsg. 373.

dodaing see doaing.
doeblais
trable fo

240.

leo a fhaicsin for fherrdacht a

itndiscoverable,

impene.

denmusa
see

they were surprised to

diamruib
.

d.

1610,

him

so

...

uicc

Ercuil

dochunnDiomides uadha
1

78

duibnell
161
1.

d.

na

haidhchi

2332.

dofrestail
Iieay pres.

irresistible

drecht

dochluinim

2472, ipf. sg. 3 cluinedh 1260, condit. sg. 3 ni cluinfedh 782, pass, ni
sg.

do(r)frestail 1492.

dofulaing intolerable gradh dermal

d.

1.

1027.
get
fut. dogebhair 1122, dogebhuid

cluinhdi 784, pret. sg.

1 1

20,

sg.

i Docuala dochualaidh 1974,

dogeibim
1924; gebuid

680,.

ni

ina cualaidh 2384, pass, doclos 1396, 1832, CO clos 279, 1699,
vn. clos 1974.

gebadh
1837
;

no Condit. 2523. i6 -fuighedh 1080.

;

-fuigbidis

440,
;

488.

Generally
e.g.

with

foil,

subst.
sin

Subj. pre?, -fagar 1970

;

-fagha
;

527,

1974,

iarna clos

943, 2383 etc. With dependent co introduced clause by

:

2313 past -faghaind 935 693; -fag(bh)adh 1152, 1S27

-fai[gh]dis 1838.

Pret. dofuair

docualaidh
1 1

se

co

roibi

968

832, 2296;

(-)fuair 316.
;

14, 1832.
:

With

vn. construc-

(-)fuaradar 1310, 2124

1963.
a)

1977; Dofrith

tion

lar clos d'U. E. do beith

1507. dochualaidh C. E. ac techt that E. was coming 1653,

cf.

Get
:

Vn. fag(b)ail 444. 2349. with various objects

2042, 2384, 2346.

olc
clii

Hear of
1260,
cf.

inadh a cluinedh
doclos

E. 2078, 2417.

baeghal in tuir 1192, (q.v.) bas 1637, cath 1080, cathughudh 1439, ced 1837, do cennach 987, comdingna 488, comfurtacht 923, comhlann a shainnti 16, feis
11 22, dil

dochbid, dochuaid see teigim. Less frequently chum dochum.

996.
c

1597, 2334.

Lenition of
To, toivards,

seldom marked.
of,

in the direction of motion,

in
:

with verbs
foil,

862, fogluim a lordaethain 448, a mian 2313, radharc fair 1838, rogha 1924.
Cf. also
:

1883. fis 185, fortacht 78.

a)

With

noun

Da
uli

d. talman 191, na gen. tellach docum a ndechudar 137,

na Greigi
E.

d'faghail
sin

f(h)aguind uaisli do lathuir 693 a n-inadh na

;

d.

nime

2336

ndoigh

mbriathar

do

digail

fair

GLOSSARY.
cinnus dofuair C. 1419 dorcacht do denum had con;

195

tvived to

make
989
.

1788.

b)

Find
2297
;

calmacht 1208, cathair 1814, cerda 1783, coibfiedh 6, cclladh 2469, comairli 2249, comhlunn
787,

dofuair se cethrar ridiri a ndorus

comnaidhi 1078, comrucc

-conuir
1268,
636,

an

palais

1510,
e

1326,

dith

882^

dofuair
seitreach

marbh
.

2296

gid

echta

eladhna

perform

fuair 1501.

dognim
1992
;

do,

make pres. doni tu -denunn tu 2468 Dogni

;

2582,

i793 learn, acquire, master 1034, teach 1028, 1794, faire 1762, feis 363, feisdithad 456,

doni 1969. Ipv. dena 758, 1019, dein 666.

;

1047, doni 2314

rel.

-fhlechadh
fiiath

481, foghla 1969, foslongport 1755, fromadh 541,

I

Impf.

donibli
;

-denadh 971 Fut. dodhen

dingen
1

(note) 1942 donidis 1394.

1634,

gartha

1732,

geimnech 1981, gen gaire 299,

gleic

1926.

680,

1802

ni 2219 dodenuir
;

2396,

gnim 1171, gubha

151,

836,
319,
187,

guforgell

immithissi
les

158,

2432;

1769.
;

dodenum 697, Condit. dodhenum se

; ;

imrud 1548, imthrascradh

inntlecht
1955,

697,

-dingnadh 1625, 2063 2477 dodendais 1464, 2035 -dingendais

1981,
;

mair 1642, maith 2019, mithaem

2029,
olc

860,

raen

2365,

-dingnadais

-sluaighedh
toil

941,

1211^ techtairecht

2359

nach dingentaidhe 450.

Subj. pres.

mina dernuir 1308

;

2360, teine 2500, tempull 1886^ 1394, tor teinntighi 2534.

past -dernadh 1171

-3591755,
b)

-dernaidis

With
ar

prepositions
on,

b)
to,

Withetc.^

Pret.

a)

dorighni 108,

inflict

subject

2497,

doronus
1

doroighne 1780. 2549 doro(i)ne

;

ainndlighed 1414, amrus 1802,

arrgamint 13 14, breg 680, olc

2468,
repiticion

490,

146 (the

commoner form
;

1313, sluaigh-

doronsad 787, 1999 (the only form in Pass, doronadh 938, pi. 3). 1469, 2064 (except for a few instances gives way to dorindedh
for sg. 3

up

to 13 14)

edh 907, timdibhe 331, uran for do cenn 2055. Cf. also doronad Cred 115, beget
:

dodenuir-si air sin

wilt

what steps
regard
to-

thou
?
1

take
c)

with

after 941).

c)

dorindi, dorinne
Pass, dorindedh

that

158.

With de make
. .
.

747,

105, 1548.

1886, dorinnedh 2413. 1642, C/. the remarks on (b). Depen-

denum
make
;

iarna of (material etc.) delbh d'or 1444 229, 454

; ;

into,

reduce

to,

etc.

co-

dent

-dernus 2528

-dernuis

-derna 286, 2029, 1993 -dernaidh 1653, 2091 -dernsat

; ;

2020, -dernadar 2162

S60, 863.

-dernadh Vn. denum 1034,

;

nderna ceirin ... do churp 808 1390, dorinde da cath. do sluaghaibh na C. 1174 ; dorindi se ri do L. 1047
;

2219,
a)
^^(^-

denmusa
Do,

(Gsg.)

1623.
build,

make,

create,

biiy

large

With a 1469, 2219. variety of objects [q.v.)

see damdabach, doig, 747 idbraim. d) With do do to anoir 879, ceol 666, cert dlighid 490, delbh 1 815, dorcacht do
;

denum do each
eladhna
forcedul
[teach)

banais 1222, -bert 2035, caencalma bescna 493, 1204,

1789, cf. 1893, 1019, fled 692,

1373,

fuata

1886,

ao

19*^

('.i.(iss.\m'.
idhbarta

dcnum
78,
cf.

dona
iin
:

di'ibh

447,
pret.

fut,
sg.

Kg.

d(

(ill

fed
ib.

2086,

^479, recht 1105, niuhla

v)
.

inar doirt
d.

j^53.

With
.

doronsal
1)

domain deep co
d. 773,

anoia
^tc.

uinie 485.

With

a log

d.

2023,

352, a n.^Iinn pi. doinini

:

re do to, with, towards, against,

auragull 1841, coimhling 192, comairle 973. comruc 1999, cosaid 916, cunnradh 329, gen
1

in

As subst. a nd. 1746. aigein into the depths of tJie ocean 1555.
1097.

doman m.
uili

world
453,

I'sg.

1029,

ton

gaire
iniiit

1801,

imairccc
1864,

},^,

an

cedna
.

sidh

3O-7.
:

d.

mnai sa any woman 2436, Gsg. domain

d.

1396,

ar

^)

with vn. na dee do guidhe ]")oronsat 445 430, dodhen-sa a hagallam ^o 19^6. h) Occasion2234
auxiliary
.
. ;
'

As

495! 776, but generally doman domun 526, 11 19, 2520. domenmach dejected, dispirited

ally

act,

behave doronsat

donn

mar an cedna 1007, cinnus dodhcnuin se 2477. i) Thv \n.

519, CO d. 657, 2428. bro'wn cpd. -ingnech pinknailed 513.

see

doradairc invisible dorcha d. 1779.

denum
J'orni,
-]

has also

the

moaning
2426.

doradne
dorcha
780,

adnaim.
d.

shape,

appearance delbh
;

dorala see tarrla.

Cf.

denum. 2207 denmus.

in

2053,

dark

317, 17 78, ceo duibnell d. 161 1,

fo

'd6ich see doig.

doid hand,

fist

Ddu. doidib 603,

miledh 304
doig hope
a)
;

gach duid 104, doit 2014

;

cnocuibh ciachd. 1608. dorciiactit darkness dorcacht

1893,
-uis

7S8,

1906.

597,

1246.

dorchadus darkness Asg. 52. Gsg.

191
2.

a nd. a mellta 457,

;

a nd. corob 1463 1674, 2034. nirba doich d'fheruib ... in 1))
t-oilen

doriisi see aris.

dorn

fist d.

miledh 765. Ddu. -aib

do ghabhail
c)

it

was not
doigh

105,

107,

likely 640.

a nd. gurb iat

871,
d.

thinking
lais
lie

that

ba
;

thought
d)

21 18.
ivith

dena
;

2007, 1027 dim-sa reckon

dorrda surly, liarsh 572. dorus gate {of city, etc.) 82 1. 2136, Gsg. madra doruis Ifirnn 854,
Apl. doirrsi 1469. a ndorus na huama the mouth of the cave

me 759

1464.

doim poor, unfortunate 2431. doimne depth 775.

doinennta stormy, rainy ceo dorcha
d.

dorusbel na cathrach 1964, 580, a nd. in front of 632, 989,

2170. dos bush -mor 1983.

780.

doirrsire

m. doorkeeper, gatekeeper Gsg. doirrsiri 59, Npl. doirsirigh

;

dragiin dragon 1289, Npl. draguin

2471.

idir na 2138, doirrsirighi 2140 doirrsiribh 2167 (note).

dragunda dragon-like co fuath

1^35drai see bandrai.

d.

doirtim

a)

pour ro doirtsit na

finta forra 578, intrans.(?) gur doirt a fuil so that he bled 353.
b) spill,
sul\i.
pi.
let,

draidecht draigecht magic, zvilchla d. 85, 1803. Gsg. draidechta as adj. magic card d. J 786, conblicht d. 36. delb

craft

shed {of blood) past

dia
ndoirtitis

439,

GLOSSARY.
d.

197
929..
1,.

i~2!, eladna d. 93, 1788, fordol d. 66, teine d. 1796.

dark-hrowed {of woman) 510,

Cpds. -loch 1275, -ruathar 1478.
-nell

161

drecht band,
etc.)

company

{of soldiers,

645.

PI. 1492. 1062, 2006.

drechta(ibh)

dubach sad,
niach 319.

dispirited d.

domen-

dreimire ladder Apl. dremiri 2193,

Dpi. dremirib 1493. dreman a) fierce co dian d. 347.
b) fierceness for d.
-j

dubachasach
duil
ele/nent

see diithchasach.

Dpi. ona duilibh uachtaracha 1551, don duil is

uaisli

for

dasacht

dona duilib

.i.

don tcine

3S9.
Ax'iihlG

2529-30.

spark Dpi. do dhrithlennaib

1708.

droch- pref. adj. bad -aidche 2244, -bert 2035, -bertach 1160, -sin
123, -tosacli 2466.

duilem m. Creator Gsg. docum an Duileman 2537. duillech leafy crann d. 1982.
duine m. mati,
1937'

human
439,

being 845,
pi.

Gsg.

2591-2,

drong
-i

f.

band,

party,

portion

XAsg. 1766, 2155, Gsg. droinge,

161, 1870, Dsg. droing 1762, 2363, NApl. dronga 1754, 2006.

daine 1253, 1989, Dpi. dainibh See aen-, dcg-, 209. 148,
2 ro-.

duiscim

ivaken

prct.

pi.

ro

a)

band, army 1036, 1754.

portion,
loho

b)

duisgsit 281.

muindtir 650
those

some of drong dia 2364 etc. c) in drong do beith

;

dul see teigim.

dunad

ni. fortress, stronghold, fort 1402, Gsg. a ndorus in dunaidh

d)

don taebh some

.

araill
. .

others

1590. 782 ar droing

;

632; 1469, 2170, nduntaibh 2415.

Dpi.

da
gur

dibh
2196.
others

...

re

droing ele 1762

adeirid
;

dunaim

close,

shut pret.
;

pi.

Cf.

drong

ele

dunsat 961
dlir hard,

1192.
1328.

do say 887 gacha droinge 161. drongbuidhnib 828.

drucht deio
driiis

uaislibh

stern -craideitiail

Cpd.

dlis in order to

find out (do Ihius) dus cinnus dorinde 1785 1892.

;

d.

mara
ccnn

481.
. . .

lust

Gsg.

druisi

inhabitant duthchasach native, dubhachasachaibh 236, Dpi.

849.

du[th]c[h]asachaibh 275, du[th]-

du place du a mbui 1280. duad trouble, hardship Mor

do

cas[achaibh] 385. diithrachtach diligent, zealous

dichra
d.

co

dhuadh

375.

1485.

duaibsech dark, gloomy conblicht d. draighechta 56, dath dubh

d.

703, Gsg. daingin duaibsigh

;

63^

delbh duaibsech 1721, a

d.

e see

se.

nglinn

774,

loch

d.

1276,

ec(c)- see ego-.

log d. 2023.

ech horse
-plaited

-dualaeh
luirigh
.

-ivoven,
.

cona

NADsg. 2337, 193. 2341,. Gsg. eich 199, Npl. eich 2355,
Gpl. eoch 203, 541, Dpi. echaibh

threndualaigh 1243.
d. see caillech,

dub black caillech

dath
d.

763,

delbh
382,

d.

2389,

2314, 2353, eochaibh 540. echraid coll. horses Xpl. echrada

eduigh

duba

malachd.

198
echran
itig

GTX)SSARY.
ironblf, difjiculty, contendJ 64,

edtrum

Ugltt

Kim luthmar
.

lano. .

376.

drum
he.

760, 1558, ro leim

co

echt

m. deed, exploit Asg. 2541, in morcchta 2548, NApl. C'isg. echta 486, 1267, Gpl. -echt 896.
destructive
. .

1998. eg death Gsg. aighedha ega 2314

(agaid
<'g

aided

dige

?)

ag

echtach prowessful,
laimli colitaigh
.

<>

-^-'34-

K. 1564.

egcennais

echtarchineol m. stranger, foreigney

in t-e. 487,

ba

he. c'oibh e 489.

ivild, untamed Gsg. ind athaigh naimdighi n-eccennuis d'anmannaib heccennais 1234,
;

echtra

f.

expedition
e.

Conidh

e.

288.
. .

K. 1034, foran

sin 2326, Gpl.

m6r

n-e. 324.

egcoimnert unequal odds mor do eccoimhnert 375.

egc6ir
f.

echtrann strange, foreign Gpl. na crich n-e. 803, na sluagh c. 1638. Cpd. fuil duine -cineoil 439.

wrong,

injustice,

act

of

ecndach see egnach.

1

NAsg. 1395, 2041, Gsg. cgcora 1297, na he. 2221, Apl. a n-ecora 491. As adverb co
injustice
:

ed see

se.

hegoir

2214,
se C.

gurub
;

egoir

ro

.2

ed space, distance edh n-ordlaigh edh radhairc 307 1353, 2406

; ;

marbh

2084

re

hadh

RIA
in the
ed

hathaigh 2397 {see Diet. E-Fasciculus 62.5).

1 re

egcomlann m. inn eccomluind

2223. unfair odds

284.

Gsg.

Differentiated

from fed

(q.v.)

egconn lacking sense, stupid econn 141 7, athach e. 1658.

egcortach unjust, wicked egortach 2365, A Ercuil egortaigh
.

jealousy, after ida

above stereotyped idioms. throughout in Gsg. pang eda 115, 2321,

cloth

eoda 73, eoid 885. edach clothes, clothing,

2304,

1002, andlighedh ecortach 1261,

CO hcg. 1420.
Asg.
124.

Gsg.

cdaigh

Dsg.

edach 651. 2163, XApl. edaighi 222, 2132, eduigh 382, Gpl. na
n-edaighi 224.

egcruaid weak, infirm guth cccruaidh 383, in tan rob

.

e.

doibh
egcruas

isin

cath 1733.
co

edan brow, forehead Gsg. a eduin 586.

ede see eid.

tul a

weakness, infirmity rachadh ... a n-e. 2069.

egla fear ro
eglais church

ghabh
1443.

e.

adhbul P.

S15, egla ag S. roim 852.

bratli-

^im&T jealous, uialicious do buillib edmara 296.

.
.

edrocht bright, shining moighden e. 1 1 09, as subst. co n-e.

.
:

egna ivisdom, knowledge Gsg. ar ai n-ecna 131 1, na maighistreacha egna echo's 1896
-]

ndatha 223.

(note).

edrum

see idir.

edtroccar cruel, merciless di

bheim
;

egnach (ecndach) reviling ag e. imdhergad 93, ag ecnach 322,

-[

n-amnas n-etroccar
aingide
a.
e.
e.

1321
a.
e.

ri

444eid herd of cattle pi.

628, 2310, adhfhuath

254,
a. e.
;

ede 483.
of

1233, aithech

eided

m. armour,
593,

suit

armour
dia

2271, cur
n-e.

1662

1531, daine n-a. a Ercuil a. etroccair

NADsg.
2163,

351,

1674.

catheidedh 1862, Gsg. -id 1023,

^213.

GLOSSARY.
eidigthe wearing armour, armoured
eilifinnte
elifinnti

199
Gsg.
198,

elephant

fuath
e.

ech

e.

2337.
:

cnaim

ivory

eidir in phr.
{he
etc.)

is e. (le) it is possible,
is

1099.
eillnide corrupt, foul gnimellnidhi

able

Ni
1161,

heidir

dul
1093,

sech
is

an
e.

cinneadh
ni

744

487.
eimilt tedious, wearisome roba he.
la

leis

he.

Hum

1022.

gach n-aen 119.

eidirmedon very middle a n-e. na cede 155, na miledh 470, na

haidchi 11 98.

eineirt

weak eneirt 963.

a
. .

eineirte
leicc

eidmim
eigem
eigim

see

eigmim.
out

ro weakness, faintness e 345, n-ennirtte ro gabh eneirte hi 744 883.

.
;

see next.

cry

eid[ed]ar

heidhedh
heighim eigmim.

3 Do pret. pi. ro 1865, pass. 2159, vn. pi. mailli

eirgim rise ipv. sg. 3 Na heirgedh condit. 1382, pi. I ergem 1084 ni eireochadh 2228 pret. ro
; ;

eirigh

arda

2542.

See

809

eigen necessity, compulsion Rob dul 121 do E. ccen

.
. .

ro ergedar 112, 775 atracht 314, 582, Adraigh atrachtsat 578, 1357 1326 (?) (these archaic forms do not
; ;
; ;

occur after 1357)

1552, 2183.
eirigh
sleep)
4 59
;

vn.

e(i)rgi

ar eigin by force 700, 1758, ar ais no ar e. see 2 ais.

1

754

a)

rise.
;

1984, nir
rise

extremity do comfhurtacht E. on eigin sin 1066

Difficulty,
;

grian 775 Atracht E.

ro eirigh as see

(from

ar

madain

si itir
;

Cpd. eigindal 1349. eigin some forHol e. druidhechta

1508.
66.

112;

ag
(as

na nelluib do ergi
hailstones,
;

rebounding from
iveapons)
1552,

eigmim

cry

out

pret.

pi.

Ko

eidhmidar 2275.
eigniugud forcing, ravishing re he.

of passions, feelings, etc. ro erigh clu E. uas each 501, Atracht

.
. .

2183

bruth na gona

isin

torathar
1347, rind

moighden 2217. eile other an .xxx. caera

1814,
a(i)le

1332, a luindi leomhain

ele

370

Ro
;

taebh

araill

don 551, 1235; a de 782, 1383

;

eirigh ferg na 1527, in sen inar

b)
go,
;

ndee

21 21.

n-adhaigh come eirgem

eirgem a
tir

hainm
drong

fcraill 1279.
eile see

Drong
;

romhuinn 2121
. . .

drong
beast

mar gach
ele
like

1532
fora
see

atracht

F.

-]

ro

tuirn
;

ainmidi

nibruidemail
alale

any
322,

brutish

timdibi

each

1910. other

Hie
317
;

arale

2395. tre
;

1256, 321, aroile See also de, do, fri,

.
.

gluinibh came and 360 c) 809, 1201, 13S2. With le succeed ni eireochadh na hairdechta sin Hum 2228.
also
sg. 3

eirnim solve subj.

eirr see err.
eis

Dia n-ernea
1312.

mac
;

-\

arcile
.

the
.
.

1306, pret. sg. 3 ro eirn

in

other 95

leoghan alaile another 400, 499 Atpert aroile fris a certain man 1449
365
;

-]

phrase

tar

eis

after

'<

aroile

la

505,

1166,

arale

tir

627.

(generally of time) 1640. 1763, tar eis na n-ilgnim sin do denum d'E. 1223, tar eis a

2(0
ndornus 2527,
t.

GL()SSAR\'
c.

in

aithisc

doradsabair on account of what you have said 1422, tar m'eisi

after (tvhat has

happened
35.

id)

me

^raim refuse, deny pret. sg. t is fada o crus duit mar olc refused to admit of thee 2520 (note). erbaim command, enjoin pret. sg.
3

2522.

cf.

Guy

dia hcis
;

Ro
ar

earb

corp

C.

do

when she had gone 657

eitillach

863,

bhreith 2026
foil,

ar h'ois behind thee 682.

firing,
flight

(for)

generally with ro earb C. forro

Dsg.

ar

eitillaigh 1683.

erball tail

elada

magic ars eladha na cuimni 971, Asg. gan eladhain 968, Gsg. and pi. cladan 156, 1010,
art,

science,
.i.

vn. erbad 1414. 1322, 2591, a ndiaigh a n-erball i960.

539;

2097;

iremoratiua

erber

garden

Dsg.

51O,

rr6S,

See notes. 2252. err warrior Gsg. and

pi.
;

adhuath
etar
.

NADpI.
17S7.

eladna(ib) T020, 1793, Xa secht n-eladhna

;

1348 1250 cthach arderrad

;

errad

-]

-]

fogmoir

saera the seven liberal arts 2582 eladna draidhechta 92. 1370
;

ceol ] caladhna 1615. 1793 eladach suroivor 246, e. bctha 814,

;

1291, leg. erraid ? errad armour, equipment Asg. 245, Dsg. 171, Gsg. -aidh 332, Dpi.

erradhaibh 2152.
errsclaige see airsclaige.

2191.

eladnach
arts)

skilful, skilled {in

magic

maigistreacha

moreladli-

nacha 1782; co he. skilfully, by means of magic arts 1386.

1772, 1964.

esandlr dishonouring, insult 910, 19S9, Gsg. esanora 1437. esbaid deficiency Gsg. iar cur a
n-air
-|

escald
pret.
sg.

speedy, swift troidhescaid 282.

storm,

a n-csbadha 831. co
roar

elaigim

escape

ro

ela"i]dh 12 13.

escal

{of

water)

em
1

indeed 1303.

esculuanfadhach. 378.
escara enemy -zzji. Dpi. d'escairdibh E. 1338.

en bird Dpi. osna henaibh 2050.

2 6n see aen.

enech see oinech.

e6 point amail c6
see note.

escong esconn
graine
1241,

eel.

unclean,

See note to 2391. le husc filthy

(note).
le

esgunn 2391
esdroluicce
1386.
eslainte illness

eochair

astrology Dsg.

he.

edge,

rim,

clogad

cethairfheochair 1244. eolach knowing, skilled co

lane.

Dsg. a n-e. 2069.

essruis see asrais.

et see ocus,

106,

Isim eolach-sa isin

with
974.
c.

chrich

sin familiar
fire.

reliqua.

etar sec idir.

et(t)-,

felsam
1366.

1231, co haidme

see edt-

ethach see athach.

tcise man, learned vuni Npl. na heolaigh 367. eolas knowledge Gsg. -uis 1896

2 eolach

{see

note).

fa see

is.

eraic

compensation
;

a
1571.

n-eruicc

a ferceile 1113

fa under, about fa 911, 2246, but more usually fo 520 etc. With

GLOSSARY
pors.
fai

:oi
space biail belfota cluasa faidi 764
;
.

pron.

fae

1761;
:

futha

798, 1688.

2338.

fada long
596,

a) of

With

pi.

fo 1053, 1517. fona poss. adj. 1050. Rel. fa 1734, fo ndechatar

861.

With
;

art.

fon 453, fan

fotta fhiacal fighbhaidh 413, finnfadh fada 1240, giall f. 767, sron fli. 765, sust foda
. .

1434
(In

fona 1498.

many

cases fa has taken

465 time

is

b) of cpv. rob foidi 201. rofada ataei 802, in

the meaning of im (q.v.). with which it has been phonetically

confused).
a)

uair rob fada la D.

ro bui in
tired

ben
fada

when
o

D.

greiv

of
is

Of

place.

i.

ivaiting for the

ivoman 2495,
duit

Under
teach
.

fo talmain 1974. troighfae 772, do cliuirsit

.
.

2519, hathaid foda see athaid.

erus

fri

fae 79S, ech fae 2338; 1688. 1761, fo tharr an tsleibhi 1736. 2. Around

a ghin

faebar edge {of iveapon) 456, cpd.

-ger sharp-edged, 241.

-faebrach -edged biail

trenfh.

do cuiredh coroin fona cend

1050;
1517.
.
. .

3.

Throughout
cathraigli
130, 160S.

597, glaede gerf. 1246, 2188. faelscuchad fury, rage f. fichaicc-

dochuaidli

fon
;

ennta 301,

f.

feirge 1334.
pret.
sg.

223S, fon muir 896 verbs of 4. With

towards,
attack
.
.

motion
1053
5.

go

faemaim consent, accept 3 nir fhaem 490.

E. 61S.

Docuadar
;

na

faesam protection dochoidh

for

f.

catha

fo ceile

Dorug
fa
lig
6.
.

sidhi fa 827.

2494, Buailini
fo

fagbaim leave
Ipv.

pres.

fagaim 1320.
Fut. fuicfcd
faicfer

strike
. .

against
e

do bnail
2155,
a

fagam
;

1084.
ni

1092
fer
1

2514.
to

2285

pass,

1949.

Ccd fan
15^2;

hundred
7.

one

73
fa

1.

After

Condit. -fuic(c)fedh 1737, 1739. Subj. pres. co fagair 682. Fret,

ro (do) fagaibh. -fhagaibh 459,

certain

nouns

and
E.

verbs

2545, ro diult iat uli fc scelaibh 520, ro

Dichuma D.

1937,

-490
;

d'fagamair-ne

2313

pass,

thuing fona deibh 1757. maisi 1381, fo pein a

2479,
fa
:

8.

Fo
Of

fagadli

do fagad 799, nir Vn, 2029 2433.

;

anma
b)
;

fagbhail 2175, 2481.

a) Leave, depart

comuir 529.

from

{a place)

time
nair

fon

am

sin see

am

in
;

ro
2
1

fhagaibh
14,

Inis

Chreit

439

861 1734; fa do twice 910-ir fo cenn

fa

rugadar

conair

... a

fuiccfedh e

begain aimsiri 258

at last

fa

dheoigh

2246. fad length {of time and space) in f. sin during that space of time
53,
;

1759; 2175. h) Leave {a person) behind ro fhagaibh iat 1372 ro fhagaib etar note 2313
;
;

ech

-]

duine
193.

iat

out{a

distanced

c)

Leave

An

fad

ro

bui

ivhile
.
. .

cetheora troighidh. 140 ina fod {of Hydra's tail) 1240, ina fad {of Hydra) 1361 uasa
;

person) in charge of, in a place do fagad T. aga imcoimed 799

;

cinn a fad far above him 343. Cpd. fodclumliach long-haired

767.

fhagaibh a mhuindter ina longaibh 2329 in sab Of things -3341320,

2260

ro

ro
loT.

faccaibh
d)

na sliesam 409
{a

See fud.

Leave

thing)

ivith

202
{a

GLOSSARY
person) fuicfcd comartha in
sin agiid 228^
;

falc flood,

torrent
.
. .

Dpi.

la

falcaib

shradha
2^QO.
certain

19^'),
i)i

fairsinge

fola 1097.

c)

Leave
is

(a

person)

state

gfan]
;

anmain
f)

falcmar flooding, copious srotha falcmara fola 892, 174G.

.

ro

fagaibh
ncg..

1301
e.g.
. .

2172.

fallsa false, deceitful

ri

f.

cOo.

With
.
.

nar
.

fhagaibli
;

fanaid see fanta.

io2g,

eladhach Lonar

fagaibh

bco dib 813 cdh

fann weak person, weakling Apl.

fainn 427.

n-ordlaigh
2406.

ina

churp
1093
;

gan
^34^.

fanta
J)pl.

pi.

slopes,
dxil

declivities

1612,
;

combrughadh
g)

ag

re

fantaibh 891

fagaibh fo pcin n-anma orrtha enjoined on

ro
222,-/.

2517.
fare with, together with 748, ith

ihcni

faidche

open
f.

541. for

space, green, field in diinaidh 839, na

pron. sg. 3 m. faris 1902. farrad proximity in phrase

near, in the

f.

company
Aitilais

of,

together
;

cathrach 1468, ar f. na Teibe in the arena of Thebes 328,

2552.
Cf. ceide.

with
1467,

f.

982

463,

1931.

farthae see forad.

fas

faidim sleep, pass the night pret. sg. 3 ro fhaidh leis 2258.
failid jovfiil

empty

rob failigh each remhe

fasach

desert,

fastoigh 423. wilds Gsg.

fiadh

foluaimnech fasaigh 2097.

fasaigim lay ivaste pret.
2379.
sg.

24failte zvelcome
fri

Ro

fer

morfailti

3 ro

each 147, firchain

1218.

failti

180

fhasaigh 1252, vn. ag fasughudh

loiS,
failtigim
laircsin

welcome pret.
518.

pi.

ro

fasaim grow, increase pret.

coro fhas 482, de sin 493, ro
1

sg.

fhailti[gh]sit fris

Ro
fh.

fas

clii

E.
aigi

conach
.

looking,

surveying
stands

Gsg.
f.

iubhus faircsina 143, farthae

viewing-towers,
faire watching
f.

815,

Ro

ar
148.

fud

aengair gola na cathrach spread

.
.

fh.

falrrge

f.

fhairrgi

do denum 1 762. sea ag silledh na senfor muir 1405,

-]

throughout the city 2176.

fasgud squeezing tug f. fair 2404. 1 fath reason, cause fath a broin

morfairrgi 1523.
fairsing

520
wide raen

2062.
(faith)

broad,

2 fath-

fathbem

skilful

rofhairsing

1211, pi. la falcaib

blow 403.

fairsinge 1097 ciiabhfairsing broad-chested 770.

fathach see athach.

fathach skilful co
febus excellence
f. f.

firglic

1506.
isin

fairsinge
faisneis

open space for fairsingi in muighi 1948.

breadth,
relating,

a laimhe

eath 1598, na feilme 1723. na

describing
faisneis di

ard1268, beiste

ngnimh

2032.
pret.
;

gnima E. ca
Gsg.
1231. faith see 2 fath.

trial 1 fhaisneisi

na

fechaim look seocha 663

ro

fhech
dia
vn.

1743,

subj.

fechair ar h'eis nirre 682,

faithche see faidche.

fala enmity, spite fich
-\

ag fechain do gach taebh de 2388. a) with foil, ar (for)

:

f.

1S70.

ro fhech E. orra 1203

1470,

GLOSSARY
ro fechudar
,
. .

203
f.

fair 2139.

b)
tir
it

me
do
fein
1

me (emphatic) 2248
c)
;

932,

With
1S04, 1 201
;

accus.

Ro

fech in
to look

1822.

da fhechain

at

After poss. adj. own bhreith fein 673 1506,

d)

2054.
sin

1358, ag sirdfechsain E. Test, try da fechain

2036.

After

prep.

air

on

him

(emphatic)
e)

604

1950,

da
'

f.

nar

mair

in

719.

2338.

Emphasising
verbs
;

t-athach 2296.
in dara fecht lecht time, fois a second time 64, 2575, teora fecht three times 122, 2400.
:fed
'

the

subject

of

e.g.

ro

707, 1799. imthigh fein 81 Here a pronominal subject is

occasionally

expressed,
fein 2076.

e.g.

space, length of time in pre-

docuaidh
feinne

si

positional

and
fedh

phrases
in fedh

conjunctional in tsamlae
;

warrior

fenne

468,

Gpl.

feinnedh 1880.
feis
f.

thvoitghout 408,

na haidhci 1941 ataim as long as 879 Ar fed na mis sin during 2058. 976, ar f. na hEdaille throughout
;

feast, banquet, wedding-feast

{cf

banais)

363,

548,
;

f.

-]

fledhughudh fesside 7, na
559
full
;

1883

Gsg.

na

fessi 11,
-]

na

feiside

2029, 2542 (plene,

cf.

fud).

Re
Cf.

ar feis laime

leapa in
feisdithad

fead da la fov two days 52. re

f.

wedlock

1221

na mis

sin

965

2567.

see dithad.

2 ed.

feithem -watching ac
able pres. ni

f.

in

comhfill
;

fedaim be
pret.

feduim-si
1563,

ruicc 1872
fell

2150.

2468, condit.

d'fedfaidis
.
.

treachery Gsg.
fer
fill

docum

fair

conar fhed
;

tuismedh
;

458,
fill
-]

traitor

2143

co

85

nir fedsad 104 408, 2510 21S5, in ti nar fhedudar do

;

CO finghuil 434.
sage

fellsam philosopher,

always
fellsam

chur
it

cum

bais 2525.

is

pres.

possible, it ni fetar 1598, condit.

In pass. can be done

with

file,

e.g.

fill

no

do

1 23 1, Npl. na filedha -\ na fe(a)llsamain 494, 843, Gpl. (na)

fedfuidhi

snam

2198, pret. ni(r)

filedh

(na)

fellsaman

444,

fedadh 1613, 1710.

fedb widow Asg. etar fheidhb bannscail 442.
1

537-

fellsamanta philosophical, wise co

firglicc
f.
1

3 16.

feib like, as feib speire 1274, feibh

felltach treacherous

fomoir
Npl.

dorone
feidm

2G8.

effort

Only

in cpd.
etc.
:

-laidir

fhirfhelltaigh 2212. felmac scholar, student

fel-

powerful, vigorous,
f.

comruc

macu

445. Dpi. d'felmacaib na

1327, fasgudh f. 2404, d'feruib fedhmlaidiri 571, fodmoir fedmlaidir 638,

ieilm

f.

2570. helmet Gsg.

Greige 204. fennaims^/w, flay pret. ro fhennsat a chroicenn don leoghan 419.
feochair see eochair.
fe6il

na feilme

17^5"iein
self,

flesh

Asg. 352, 2355

cpd.

own budein ^^^, 1663,

Cf. festa, fos.
a)

2415.

After

noun

Laimedon
2581.

fein L.

him:

ag feoilgherradh 758. fer m. a) man NADsg., Gpl. 230, da iher deg 384, 849, 1 105;
616.
Gsg.,

self giz;

b) After pron.

XApl.

fir

529, 643,

204
1086.

GLOSSAin'.
Dpi.
in

fcruib
f.

571.

b)

festa

husband 1102,

posta
935,

22

1^.

But
cpd.
fer

this sense

usually

tin;

ferchcile

Coo,

11 13.

See also gorm. tron-.

'I'hc commoner form isbudcsta 759, 1532, 2432. Cf. fein. fos. a) now 1019, 2432 immediately 1413. b) henceforth,. from now on 759, 1994.
;

m. grass Gsg.
fergort
a)

in fliooir

1909,

festa

feast

cpd.

1947.

fhesta
{battle,
etc.)

Gsg. 2081.

a[c]

caithcni

feraim

wage

fetar see fedaim, fidir.

prot. ro fhcraduf

glco

1426,

comhiunn Su. pass, do feradh in

b)
f.

fethanta
769.
.i.

hairy
Cf.

(?)

ingne

f.

featlian

no feathon.

morgleo 106S.
tvelconie

[failte frij

fionnfadh, O'Cl.

48

(?),

see failte.

flacail tooth
.

Xpl. liacla 1238, Gpl..

feramail

)iiauly,

brave

iir

fheramla
mail 2306,
.
. .

1862,

fuirenn
f.

fhera-

413. fiad deer 2096.

fiacal

mac

95,

comhlunu
f.

f.

813,

comruc

947, co

f.

(?)

2554.

2 fiad wild -glilennta 16 12. fiadach hunting ag f. 506, 2332,. on f. from the chase 515, d'f.

ferann land, territory ahvajs with crich, e.g. Dsg. a c. -j a caem-

23 1 S.
fiadnaise
referees

witness

luclat

f.

judges,

fherund 1187, Gpl. ni c. ] na fcraun 2379, 2566. ferg anger f. na ndee 1527, Gsg.
fcirge, feirgi

150

presence

f.

in{to) the presence of gig,

fiar

1171.
fiara

crooked,

twisted

ingne
sg.

1334,

1671,
;

Dsg.
Ian-,

769. fiarfaigim enquire

prel.
2

CO

lanfheirg

1003

see

ro

rccht-.

fiarfaighis 1455, sg. 3 ro fiarfaigh

f.

fergach

angry, fierce comruc 1600. CO lonn lanfh. 873.

920.

1 157, fiarfaighis 2439, iiarfacht 381, 521, pi. 3

ro
ro

fergaigim anger, enrage pret. pass.

fiarfaighsit

520,-990,

Ro

fiar-

Ko
ferr

lergaigedh 1499. 1873, 2345.

better,

best

{cf.

maith)
1791,

is

f.

faigedar 21 38. ca rabhe 24, cisi

Ro fhiarfaigh damna broin

:

tusa innta na misi

ro
f.

ben

doibh 381.
ro
iiarfaigh

delb

a
;

more
ri
. .

woman 2207
;

beautiful is ferr

Generally with de de cinnus 1788; See fochtaim,

direction for
seel.
f.

223, 1857.
fiariaid oblique

do chomhuill who fulfilled better cliamain dob fherr lais 368

in

muighi across
fich

the plain 1097.

whom
ferr

he would prefer 535

gur
better

doib that they

;

had

cpd.
ilQ,\ii2i

fury, fierceness 392, -aiccennta 302.

1870,

1958

nir feirrdi

dho
125
;

he was

nofie the better 1269.

fierce comrucc fichdai 1327. fiche twenty IMS always .xx. 1042
.X.
inili

ferrda manly, brave

comh-

.XX.

thirty
tri

f. 813, fer f. 571, fomoir 267, fuirenn fh. 2306. ferrdacht f. manliness, manhood

iunn

.XX. forty

14.59.

da 1071, .xx. sixty

f.

f.

364-

fichmar
fidbac
fldbaid

fierce

fodhmoir
forest
;

715.

17S. c;sg.

ferthain

na ferrdachta 1S4. rain Dsg. on fertliuin

fidir.

bow
f.

(for arrows)
ivood,

585.
Cxsg.

na

2245fes(s)

fidhbuidhi
. . .

see

fliiacal

2016 row of

Aghhhaidh
teeth 413.

GLOSSARY.
-fidir

205
;

knows, knew
1302,

Sg.
;

and

fis

fetar

1303

innus nach
ni fess

fhidiV
tidir

na Gregaigh 171 2, ncch 1945 pass, ni

;

knowledge iili f. a ruin 522 a with proleptic a 862 cia da mbeirdis a clann f.
; :

di

67

1964,

2047.

cia

1942
S60.

donibh it was not nach fes do nech ele

;

Ni fes known
1928
;

104; dia f.
1

to

1664, 1837; her 2483.

ruler

CO rach-sa

flaith

prince,

Gsg.

cecha

hardflatha 163.
flaithemail

unknown

to

anyone

else

princely

do bhriathsovereignty

raibh fiathemla 181.

figim fight pret. pass. ... in cath 1576.

file

Ko

tigedh

flaithes

kingdom,
1922.

h'ardf.

poet

2558,

Gpl.
547.

1231. Xpl. ivMdh 1364, filedha 445, 494- 854 filedh 444. Dpi. fileduibh
tili
;

flechad wetting, rain tromfh. 481.

fled
f.

feast Gsg.

na

fleide bainnsi

353- 692.

Cf. fellsam.
. .
.

fledugud feasting
folds, layers

(trans.)
f.

ica

f.

-fiUtech having sciath sechtfh.

iiUtech,

being feasted 623,

sin 1884.
fliuch

na haidchi

243.

Cf.

de-

RIA

Diet.

D-Deg6ir
Aisl.

219.26,
9.22.

seclitfhillte,

MC

fo slcibhtibh wet 1689 fuarHiucha 1609, re fantaibh CO tromfiiuch 780. f. 2517

;
;

wine Gsg. 624 pi. finta 578. linemain f. vine 496, 2051. a kinsman co fingail slaughter of
fin
;

fo see fa.

fobartach
focal

attacking,

aggressive

torathar trenf. 1242.

till

CO linghuil 434.

fingalaeh
1

murderous

fomoir

f.

66 1

word cpd. foculaith 13 16. fochain reason, cause rob e fochuin in anma 630, f. a broin 1157.
fochain na ndealbh 1448, gan
fh.

finit

2544. finnfad hair 1240.

iir true

231

1.

90.

Generally prefixed
force,
very,

fochair proximity
lii

with
great,

intensive

Dpi. in phr. fochruib gacha righ in the

:
;

and
:

ating
1634,

frequently alliter2198, -alainn -amnas 403, -arrachta

-adbiil
11 60,

321. company of 163 foched6ir immediately 1309.

fochtaim (harfaigim) enquire pres.

pi. 3

Si 3, -bregach -calma I So,

-chain

failti

fochtuid 694, pret. fochtais

1962,

-domain

1097, -eolach 1231, -fhelltaigh 2212, -garb 1334, -glic 1316, -Icbar 770, -lethan 764, -luath 1 182, -miscnech 1507, -n.ullach
-nert 392. 797, -neimnech 1503,

997. -307' -4-^3fod-a see fad-a.

fodmoir, -morda see fomoir, -orda.

fogail plundering Apl. foghla 1969.

-fogalta
. .
.

-destroying

sraidhleim

firenn male 364.

firinne
fir)

ivord of honour

(Mid.

Ir.

srengfhoghalta 606. a fogus far fogas near a cein and near 1396.
-]

368.
firin-

foglaim

(fo-dali)
sg.

distribute,

firinnech truthjul, righteous dech innruic 1S22.

bestow pret.
. . .

ro fhoghuil
.
. .

firmamint firmament Dsg. 1699.

sin uli do aes dana. na Greige 204.

206

GLOSSARY
-ach 1875, Gpl. 1885, Dpi, fo(g)morchaib 1833, 1844 (IGT 103. 10). Applied to the

2 foglaim/e<7nit?, instruction Gsg.

d'f.ighbail fliDghliima uaid i86

fogmoir,

07-. Iiicht foghliiina 1375. -luorda see fonioir,

-inorda.

guardian of the Island with the Sheep 237-272; to the Centaurs

571-610, 2570;
to to

fognaim
1994.

serve,

loighcona

do

avail fut. sg. 3 ni teine duit

. . .

Lycus 710;
his giants

Andrumadas and
;

715-865,
a)

fdgraim
fhocair
550.
. . .

dona
h)

order pret. sg. 3 10 sloghaib techt

638-841

to Cerberus 2572 to Nestor and Saturn

and

their

giants

1833- 1885
;

challenge

Ro

fogair

for v.. challenged E. 285, vn. do fhuacgra catha fair 1653.

to Nessus 2278-2301, 2491 toAntaeus 2389, 2398 to Her;

cules

Cf. furfogairt. foguil ro fhoghuil see

In 1296, i66i, 2212. general sense of giant, monster

1290-r.

i foglaim. foibrim temper, sharpen pret. pass,

fomorda

nir

f(ibhrcdh

arm

393.

-d-. -g- pertaining to a giant or centaur, giant-like don

foillsigim

reveal pret. ro pass, foillsighcdh 71. vn. foillsiughudh

1

cinedh fhodhmhordha 576, fer

f.

591, 612, sust

I

f.

465.

438, 446. foir- see also for-.

foirbthe perfect,

for see

ar.

2 for see 2 ar.

foirli

mature

95.

forad

foirenn

f.

crew [of a ship)

Nsg.

mound, raised place farthae faircsina 14S.

Apl,

fuirenn 263, fuirind zzz, an fhoirinn 14 12. Dsg. foirind 141 1.

2328.
foirfe see foirbthe.

foraill see eile.

foraire guard, guarding fodhmoir aca foruire 238, ro bui f.

. . .

amuigh. acu 1763.

f

foirim help condit. sg. 3 in ni ro fhoirfedh iat 438, no fh. 446. foirtill strong, powerful 125, com rue
f.

forais ivood, forest Dsg. 2440-1. orba completion Iar f. in morgnima

947,

fasgudh
f.

feinnedh
foirtilli

2404, 1880, d'feruib

f.

na
. . .

896, 1215. 373 forcedal teaching, instruction Asg. forcedul 1374, Gsg. ag denum
;

571,
;

638, 2212 folach hiding, concealing iar chroicind 867.

fo(d)moir foirtill CO f. 1089, 1961.

f.

forceduil 1370.

forcenn end Dsg. a

789.

f.

in

comruic
la

in

forcongra

order,

command

foluaimnech
leaping fiadh

flying,
f.

hovering,

fasaigh 2097.
i.

forcongrae in righ 542. forderg very red [of blood) srotha

foirrderga
f.
.
. .

foluamain

menman

hovering excitement 259.

flying,

fola

892,
for

Gsg. 408,

fola fordeirgi 1564, 2199.

fomoir fodmoir, fogmoir m. giant Nsg. 763, Vsg. 2212, Asg. 836,
Dsg. 662, Gpl. 865, Gsg. fodh-

fordergad
620.

wounding

f.

foghmora 603. 2278, Dpi. cona fhodhmoraibh 740. Also Gsg. fodmorach 841, Npl.
fo(g)moraigh,
-b
594,

mora

fordol error, going astray 66. forfogartha see fur-.

forgell see go.

i860.

forgla choice portion, best part ar muindtiri 1083 2563.

;

GLOSSARY.
forniata fierce, furious
1327,
fiacla
. .

207

comrucc

f.

f rais

shower [of missiles) Apl. frasa

;

f.

1238, finnf.

1503
frecar

frais

da
;

n-armaibh

fadh
;

f.

CO f. 715 forrach injuring, attacking ag 757, hica f. 1336.

fortacht see furtacht.

1240, fodhmoir 1281.

diubraici

1863

cultivation

1685, 2179. in finemhain

f.

iarna freacar 496.

frecnairc

present [of world) uas baladhaibh in bhetha fhreaccnairc 501.

fortamlaigim overcome pret.

sg.

do fhortamhlaigh
forro 337.

soillsi

in lae

fregra answer 2369, freagra righ ca na hEspaine forra 1423

;

fos vet beos 312, 415, 451.

From
is

tibhradh

934

f)n

the only form

a)

fos.

freagra forna techAs taibh 1153; 1818, 2482.

vn. see next.

Cj. fein, festa.

furthermore,
. .

in addition co fuilledh oir

fregraim answer
pret. sg. 3

With
pi. 3

accus.

doib beos 206, ro innsidar beos 415. they related further 226; b) yet (after neg.) ni fuaradar
1022. beos 443 c) still na teinnte sin fos ar fos lasadh 1798. d) however
nisei
;

Ro
;

fhreagair ... in

techtuire 1659,

Do

fhreag-

radur 1853 catha ...

other 1482
catli
;

do fhreagradar na
a ceile engaged each Witli do 2094.
:

mairid
nir

-]

do

fhreagra

do

141 5

miadh
:

leis
-\

In phrase
1433,

2527. 1170; gid edh fos 312,

2190.

him answer an account of them1853, give See prec. selves 2359.

freagra

... do

fosaigim stay, rest pret. sg. 3 Xir nir fhosaidh 660. an

-]

fri see

re.
:

fritheing return track in phrase

a
f.

f oslongport

camp, encampment Asg.

na
f.

conaire

cedna

1657,

1775, 2092, 2126.

2427, a

foslugud see oslaigim. fosmullach very top, summit a f. a cmn 1602, a f. in tsleibhi
1983.
fosta(ig)im hold, keep fast pret. sg. 3 ro fhostoigh a bancheile 230] vn. a fostad i n-aruidhecht
,

frithir eager,

in tseda 1272. keen comrucc f. 732.

iat 422.
taste ipv.
pi.
i

frithoilim attend, serve pret. sg. 5 ro fhrithoil

. . .

fromaim
vn. do

try,

test,

fromum

imairecc ar lamh 13 19,

fhromad na n-uball 250. fromadh a neirt ... do denum

540-

airm

331,

va.

ben
1106

fosta

a
see

permanent
posaim).
fotha((l)

wife

(but

fuabraim
fuabair

attack

pret.

sg.

ro

1334.
seize,

foundation,

stance

fuadaigim
sg.

carry

off

pret.

inneoin fhothaidh na ferrdachta 184, Ro cuiredh ... da fhothai

1325fotha(ig)iin stand firmly,

fuadaigh les hi 654, 2275, vn. fuadach 2276.

3

ro

make

fuagra see fograim. fuaim noise, clamour 176.

fuaire
coldness
121.

firm stand against pret. sg. 3 ro fothaighesdar ina certshesam

fria

1293,

vn.

do

fotharf/(

ina

fuar cold cpd. -fliucha 1609, 2517. fuaslugud releasing a ngill rena
f.

agaidh 13^0.

2313.

joS
1

GLOSSARY.
furtacht help la f. d'fhagail 78, Gsg. ag iarraidh a fhurtachta

fuath form, shape, appearance ar ai fhuatha 131 1 CisjT. \)\.

;

fiiatha

S2(?),

886;

co

f.

dragunda foran
cj.
f.

leth n-ale 1235,

{cf.

1589 608

tanicc do fhurtacht E.
i486, iz^S.

45.

Statue, image
197, a
f.

delb)

elifinnti

fein

1380;
fiuith

1S86.

2 fuath fuathmar
Cf.

hate

morfh.

15,

gabad danger
1338,

isin

morgabhadh

sin

2243, 2246.
hateful,
terrible
.
. .

Gsg.
take,

guasacht
receive

gabaidh

forna

1537-

feruibh fuathmara

sin 1506.

gabaim
724,

Ipw gabh
ni

aduathmar, uathmar.
apron, a garment covering
luaist

2210
;

impf.

gabhadh
1000.
ni
;

f uathr6g
tlie

455

fut.
;

gebud
ni

fuathrog
:

ima

geb-sa 1847
condit. nach

gebuid
ro
;

:^^ii

ichtur 171.

gebad 25S7.
;

Pret.
(do) (do)

fud
all

in

ar fud throughout, phr. over ar [fh]ud na cathrach

;

ro

ghabhus 2227 ghabh 1075, 2108

ro
;

1443
fed.

1623,

2177.
in

See fad,

ro (do) ghabhsat 1077, 2186 ghabhadar 1534, 2187 pass,

;

ludomain depth a
fuigell

f.

mara
Dpi.

307.

ro

gabhadh
a)

100,

746

vn.
2,^^,5.
i.

word,

sentence

do

gabhail 503, 1439, gobhail

take,
:

Ihuiglibh ailgenaibh 181, 1267.

fuil blood 439,

seize,

capture

1689, Gsg. treicin

person

ro

fhola
;

756,

srotha

fola

892

1564.

746; 1000, laim hi 819

country,
city
;

gabhadh Megera 2143, ro ghabh ar

;

2346.

ii.

A
in

fuiliugud wounding i. for 620. f uilled increase, additional quantity

do ghabh
2197, 25S5.
in

si

CO

f.

oir

205,

f.

neirt 2402.

foil,

Eigipti 1113 ar ro
:

With
Teibh

ghabh E.
;

luilngim bear,
sg.
I

tolerate,

allow fut.

for

L.

895

1747.

iii.

Ro
;

fuileongad
pret.
sg.

mo marbhadh
3

2529,

ro

fhuluing
;

1462, ro f. doibh 1866 2577, vn. guasacht d'fulung 2 131. Juin end f. na himagallma 1320,

ghabh a armgaiscedh 12 71 gabh lanrighi na Tiabhanach 724. b) Accept nach gebad gan D. d'fhagail 25S7. gabh
E. mar fherceile 2250. With words meaning
c)

Gurub amlaidh
Cirion
1629. 1606,

sin
f.

fa

co

in

do betha
f.

joy,

sorrow,
Jill,

anger
. .

etc.
etc.
:

as

subject

overcome,
.

do gabh
gorta,

luirenn see foirenn.

fulang see fuilngim.
iulracht gore pi. dia fulrachta 161 3.
f urfogartha
fuil
-]

bron
dia

e 2475, see anfainne,

eineirte,

foluamain,
liith,

luinne,
Cf. ni ^ 455 '
:

nairc.
.

uaman.
.
.

ing,

Gsg. warning,announcheralding foran adhairc

nfurfhocurtha warning trumpet 174, a n-organa f. 157, retla f.

na maidne 334, lucht

f.

heralds,

messengers 131, 140, 536,

trit gabhadh rind d) With various obcomosadh 1077, conuir jects 2079, cf. car ghabh E. uathadh 1 712, cuan 1 1 89, nert 1S33. ej With prepositions, i. ag and \n. begin, fall to do gabh ag

GLOSSARY
tarraing See ced.

2uy
1989,
a[g]
g.

2530;
ii.

ar

1498, 1569. ro ghabh do

gadaigecht robbery
1991.

beimennaibh forra plied them

with blows

gadaim
1938.

steal pret.

sg.

ro gaid

TO ghabh
'605,

1751, sraidhleii
.
. .

1205;
.

2187, forro
ar

gadar dog Gpl.

704.

zm,

Gsg. gadhair

do gab
iii.
.

nert

A.

1033.

CO
. .

lamharma
craidhi
.
.

ro ghabhsad a cuca 21S6, gabh

gae spear Asg. 394, Gsg. 274.

im

ro

16 J 2.
vi.
fri

iv. cugud 2210. ghabh uime he [armour) ni geb-sa an V. 6

.
:

gaesmar wise, skilful 1026, gasraidh gaesmur 1 5 1 3, re deghmnai gaesmair 2451, sluaigh gaesmara
1054, ciallgaesmar 298.

imarcaidh
re
:

sin

buaibh

1847.
.
. .

gaeta

wounded

g.

guasachtach
2245,

nir

gabh cruaidh
;

harm
74
;

ghabh ...
took

diar diuraic 592 do re haiss dul under-

1021, 1617. gaeth -wind NAsg.

2104,

Gpl.

123, 378, Gsg. amail sigi

2218.
attacking,
cf.

gaithi 584, Dpi. forna gaothaib aggressive

xiii

^abaltach
{'!

56.

gabail,

ZCP

146.Z)

gai sec go.

glaede gabaltach 1246. cech gach each, every 1414, 2480 each 698, 341, 1260, 1304 of both 1044, 1394 Gsg.
; ;

gaibthech dangerous gleo mail 1 1 27, 1426.

g.

graine-

gaid ro gaid see gadaim. gainne dart, arrow Dpi. gainnibh

1542, 2180.
gaile see gal.

genders

generally

gach,

cech,

but gacha 153, 161, cecha 824, cacha 163. Nasalisation due
la gach to old Asg. or neut. ji-aen 119; 558, 231 1, gach in n-alt -] gach n-aighi 513
: ;

gair

f.

shout,

cry

783,

g.

catha

781, aeng. gola 2176, Gsg. gaire

S69,
3.

NApl. gartha 171

120,

7.

1732-

1879.
392.
.
. .

gach 217, 766.

each generally followed

In the meaning by de
:

gairbe roughness
gaire

gach drong dibh 1036,

uair dib 2401.

le

gach

laughter Dorone gaire 299, 1801.

call

gen

When

this is

gairechtacli sn7f^, laughing 1026.

omitted the sense is the more general one of every, all, e.g. do gach arm 1480, gach lae
gach ainmidi 1909. strengthened by nile gach uile gnim 127 Note 1545, 2190. gach ben do thoigeoradh fer any woman 1 103, gach uair bes 'whenever 1 163, cech inadh a cluinedh
1195.
"I'll"

gairim

(a

name)
A.
334,

pres.

dia

ngairit

...

pass,
;

da
fut.

ngoirter in Calabre 19 14
gair[f]ed 2462
;

impf. do gairinn
pass.
pret.
3

Sometimes
:

2460, do goirind 2461, dia ngartai Ifernn 773 sg. 3 ro gair 1658, pi.
;

do

goiredar 854

Summon Ro
docum
1820,

vn. gairm 1661. ina gair ridiri

;

olc

wherever
21 19.

1260,

gach

ar

gairmim. gairim shout, cry aloud pret.

cf.

pi.

mair
adaige

See also aen, aird,

2 leth, taeb.

robber gadaig{h)i 1969, 2216, Dpi. do gadaighibh 2317.

do gairedar uime 869. gairmim summon pret. sg. 3 Ro F. ina docum 419. gairm
.
. .

CJ. gairim.

210
gais U'isdovi, skill for gaois
glicus ^98
;

(iLOSSAkV
-j

for

2053.
valour,

aca imcoimed foghmoir sin 640,

bcith

acht

in

gaisced

do gnathirgail 2053, Gsg. ag niunudh gaiscid doibh 1 371 1375. a ngradhaibh

g.
-)
;

m. anus do

prowess

in

gar near co gar don rigluiin 574, a ngar don dcilb 18 17. garb rough, fierce ulcha g. 76S,
Gsg.
f.

cairrgi gairrbi 635, Asg.

geall g. 2551, gnim(artha) g. 323, 1171, 2018. armojir Arms, amigaiscedh

in

gaiscid 565,

gliaidh ngairbh 398, pi. garba

769, 1525 See bith-,
;

cpd. -doidibh 242.

trcn-.
{of ivarriors)

fir-,

I272,grenn
Cf. gal.

gaiscidh 1536.

g&ST&\i.band,
810, 151
2,

company

1541, Npl. gasraidhL

1062.

gaiscedach warrior, champion Gpl.

gal valour, prowess in

arms Gsg.
goili

ge though acht ge bhadar 1471, With subj. of is gidh liith let

:

gnim(artha) gaile 323, 327,

161,

lath gaile see lath.

Cf.

gaisced.

cidh though thou art glad 113 daine though they be men 13 10 2434, acht gidh misi 1790
;

galar disease, sickness Gsg. galair

14. -505-

past gemadh fili were a poet 1 23 1.

:

though heIn pret.

:

gan without the usual form passim

cen
occurs

only at

23,

124,

dimain 1265. Frequent in gid ed howbeit, however 561,. 1 160. Se^ 1846, Cid ed 490.
ger
:

316-7, 330, 1353, cin frequently (44, 316, 1285 etc.) up to 1355,

cid,

is.

gin

only

nouns
g.

151. a) With -less, not having comrucc

at

geibenn

fetter Apl.

gebenna

721.

geimim low

(of cattle)

pret. pi. 3

gan mnai gan banceile 687, ag fer no gan cin acht aonmhilidh iher 849
coigill

315,

ro geimedar 1972-3. geimnech lowing {of cattle) Asg.

1981.

laiss

44,

see see

acht

raarb

gein
g.

f.

offspring, child Gsg. tuis-

anmain
before
',

,
;

As neg. anam. b) connach teit seocu cin malairt unharmed

vn.

morgeine. 114. geinim in pass, be born pret. ro vn. (do) geinedh 115, 2381
;

medh na

342, 795, conar fhagaibh 247 edh n-ordlaigh ina churp g. cf. 151, 'combrughadh 1093
;

geinemain
geinntlige

Ircail 69.

heathen,

superyiatural

1463,

2130.

c)
:

With

vn.

gadaighibh geinntlighi 2318, na cerda g. magic arts 1781.

gel white,

cunnradh forming noun clause cen tescadh ... do dhenum

.
. .

bright

dedgeal
1447,

1024,.

not /o 330; 167, 2254, 2587; tre gan uisci d'fagbail 444.
d)

d'airgcd aengeal -chnes 173.

gell

cpd..

wager,

prize,

pledge

dorug.

The construction
;

duind gan E. 1285, 2382 is usual, but 745 note gan fer ... do beith e) As ag mnai ann 1102.
:

truag acar n-imdidin

:

is

gell ar excelled 216.

dorug geall

gaiscidh o

2551, a ngill rena

fuaslugudh 2312.
gellaim

conjunction (with co)

cin co

promise pret. sg. 3 do do dhigail 904, ro geall CO n[d]ingnedh 1624, do g. se

gell sin

GLOSSARY.
techt

2ir

2487,
;

do 445

pi. 3 ro geallsat 2135, vn. gelladh 680.

.
. .

glan clear grian co -ruithnech 775.

gem gem
gemad

Gpl. ilimud

ngem

glanaim clean pret. sg. 3 ro glan a rose 2075. an leine 2494, vn.
a[g]

273, 1225.
see ge.

glanadh a n-eididh 992

2493glas lock Apl. a glais

see
-[

gemetre geometry Gsg. 159. gen smile, laughter g. gaire

gaire.

a gebenna
Asg.
2396,

721.
gleic
f.

fight,

contest

genmnaidecht
1

chastity Gsg. -a 528.

Gsg.
2407.

Tulach

na

[Gle ?]acca

ger

sharp

lorg

faebarger

241, gainnibh gera 1542.

Cpds.
-goirt

glenn valley Dsg. a nglinn

pi.

773,.

-faebrach
1324,

1246,

2188,

fiadghlennta

1612,

Dpi.

-ghorm 1489.

See athger,

fo

glenntaibh
f.

1609.

Ian-, slinn-, srub-.

gleo

fight,
g.

battle

Asg.

789, ro

2 ger see ge.

fheradar

1126,

Dsg.

1212,

geran complaint, complaining 672,

1575
gles

tromgh. 1264. geranach complaining gartha -a

1732.

Asg. gliaidh 398. musical tuning, key (of

;

instrument)

ghlesa 674.
{of time)

Gsg. athrughudh See also torann-.

1026, co glicc
Ian-.
-[

gerr short

gurob
pres.

g.

co

glic

clever,

skilful
fir-,

mbiad
gerraim

1664.
cut,

298.

See

hack

sg.

gerraidh a cuirp 2313, pret. sg. 3 (ro) gherr 407, 1980, 2354.

glicus cleverness, skill for gaois for g. 49S 2053.

;

gloinide clear, bright ilimud ngem.

ng. 273, 1225.

Vn. gerrad,

see

cnaim-,

feoil-.

ges prohibition ger dimain in ges di 1266.

giall

glonn shoulder (?) Ro thoguib in ri uasa g. 477 (note).

glor voice

jaw

g.

fada 767.
hostageship a ng.
724.

Dsg.

do glor daenna

gialla
lais

(giallna)

1295-

712
i

glorach -voiced, -sounding siansaa

serbg.
. .
.

gid see

cid, ge.

na sruthann

784.

gilla youth,

boy

g.

occ amulcach

308.
1

gin

mouth Asg. 798.

mbrisedh
itir

gluaisim move forward (romam) towards (dochum, a coinne, etc.), journey towards pret. sg.
3

2 gin see gan. glac liand, grip aga

ro gluais roime 753;

1186,.

i935

ar

amus

44,

coindL

a glaccaib 2532, o nertgiac in churadh 418. Cpd. -remra 769.

1040, a fritheing in tseda 1272,

pi.

do gluaisidar rempa 1652

glacaim

take, seize pret. sg.

;

3 ro

30-

1006, 1982, glac in sab 411 ro g. luingin 1547, do g. ar barr laime hi 2447, pi. 3 ro glacsat

glun

knee

Ddu.
360
;

ro

tuirn
;

fora
leig

gluinibh

1882
. .

ro

fora di glun

919.

a n-arma 579, ro glacadar 1863

vn. re glaccudh 1675. glaede m. (1247) sword etar gae

gnatll usual, customary

do gnath

usually 2325.
-j

Cpds. -daladh.
habit

1259, -irghail 2054.

1323. glaedibh 2188.

glaee
:

395

1489,

Dpi.

gnathugud
2310.

custom,

1106,

212 gnim
in.

GL(3SSAKY.
deed
{oj

valoiir)

Nsg.

gradaigim

lore

pret.

sg.

do

327, Asg. 421. Dsg.

127, Gsg.

gradaighis 24O5,
.aigedar 210.

pi. 3 ro

ghradh-

-gnima 373, 1617, NApl. 1268, 19^5. Gpl. na ngnim 219, 2032. Cpd.
red-,
-cllnidhi
(leg-,

grain horror, ugliness 1360.

4S7.

See ard-,
gal,
il-,

grainemail horrible,
gadaighi
g.

ugly,

hateful
g. g.

gaisced,

2217, gin

798,

mar-, mignim, mor-.

glaeidhe gh. 1489, gleo

gni},z}

1127,

fnimrad coll. deeds NApl. martha 554, 1582, C.pl.

Dpi. -gnimarthaibh 2528.
.^nuis Jace

grcnn
gh.

g.

gaiscidh

1536,

ulcha

768,

n-ucht

cairrg(h)i
g.

grainemla
1609,

<)35,

glenntaibh
g.

1580, cpd.

gnusgorm

marannaibh
{grain
of)

1525.

798.

grainne

corn,

point

%0
..g6

see CO.

falsehood Asg. gan gai Si. Cpds. gubrcthach see -brethach,

amail eo graine 1241 (note). granna ugly fir crutgh. 573,

,
. .

fiacla

dathgh. 1238.
grace, for

guforgull unfairness 151.

:goile see gal.

grdsa grasa

pardon
E.
;

d'iaradar

goirim see gairim.

.goirt bitter, biting {of 'iveapon)

1883; 1441 tairnic do gh. thou art no longer

don

in favour 2433.
greis ro greis see gresaim.

glaedhe ghergoirt 1324.

:gol

gola weeping Gsg. gartha 1732; 2176, Dpi. re goluibh

. .

grenn

hair,

bristle,

armour

g.
;

grainemhail

gaiscidh

1536

.germ blue na

fir

gorma

black

men
1489.

1086, glaeidhe ghergli. See gnuis-, rose-.

greann coguidh, Guy 71.29. grennach hairy, bristly a ghin grcannach 798. grennaigim challenge pret. sg. 3
. . .

goit

field, see fer-.

ro grennaigh se E. 2043.

gorta

liitnger
g. till

co

cuiredh

se

C..

grennmar
gadaighi
g.

fierce,

aggressive
g.

do
1

he should starve C. out

2216. gaeth
1062, gleo

2104,
870,
789,

1759; 1771grad m. love Gsg. med gradha a mna laiss 42, le roimed a g.
fair

na

gaire

greannmaire
g.

gasraidhi -a

gnim

g.

gaiscid

1171, goluibh
-a

2070

{see

1169
;

caislen in gh. 2243

note), ola in gh.

.

-a 2543, gunnaibh sluaigh -a 1054.

1542,

2286.

Dorat-san gradh
10

grennmaire roughness, aggressiveness 392.

do ingin C. 212;
ro las dia g.
g.
;

1027, 2258; Ian ... do

gres

in

phrase

do
on

%\\res (?)

na hingine 514
the
;

do-.san

girl's

na hingine love for him

g.

always, usually 2417.

gresaim
ro
in

incite, urge

pret. sg. 3

do gh. A. for love 1149 dod gh. -sa on of A. 13, but

213
;
:

greis

a miiindtir for

amus
;

righmiledh 4O6, cuca 1190,

account of thy love for

me

2461

irn calm.a

do denum 1204. 1572

an righan do posais ara g. 2458 is Uisa mocedgh.- sa 524.

vn. greasacht

1135. -laidiugud

na ngaeth 378 (CCath.).

grian sun Nsg. 631, 775, 2049. grib quick, swift ger g. tanic 284.
grib griffi7i 1290.

grad grade, rank Dpi. a ngraduibh ridirechta 546, in gaiscid

564.

GLOSSARY.
grod pvoDipt, quick Cpds. -bhriathrach 1607, -gnimach 1062.

215

gu-

see go.

guth voice Asg. g. imeclach 383, Dsg. do g. ard 756. guthfinech sorrowful re goluibh

guais

danger

Cpd.

-bertach see

...

-a 2543.

Cf.

guba

-bertach.

guala shouldey Gsg. gualann 190, 2398 Dsg. gualainn, gualaind ro thrasgair a cenn ara g. cle
:

H
h' thy, see
I

for do gh. beside 2343 Do thogaibh osa g. 678 ro thoguibh in laechlorg 1073 ... a lorg ... re g. 1868

950

do.

thee

halla

m.

hall

Nsg. in

h.

righdha

2168, Gsg. 2157.

sust
465-

fria g.

on

his shoulder

guasacht danger g. gabaidh 1537, gan g. d'fulung 2130, Dsg. a ng. mor 79, a ng. a anma 1795,
Dpi. guasachtaibh 2325
;

.i.

Contraction for id

est

(ed on).,

cpd.

introducing clause explanatory of a) a preceding word or

;

glaedhe

guasachtach
1014,

-mor 1324. dangerous cned

.

clause
g.

imarcraigh
1411.
b)
.i.

...

.i.

a
;

beith da ceim osa cinn 340

94.

gamnibh
in

-a 1542, gleo g.

681,
:

a proper

name
1

Teseus

789

danger

gaeta

g.

dangerously wounded 1021, 1617.

guba sorrow, grief Xsg. ro lin iad 836, 348 gubha Atorchair gudha 670 gudha I\I. Gsg. 560 1264.
. . .
;

c) 560. 1787. or place person

;

82

mac righ A. name of a

already:

mentioned by a common noun don rigain .i. d'A. 17; 532.

1

794

cathair

...
1148.

.i.

T.

hainm 1806;
clause
.i.

d)
is
:

The

damna gudai
guda 1269.
guda

1339.

Dsg. a[g
?

?]

introduces

antici-

Cf. guthfinech

see guba. guidim pray, beseech pret. sg. 3 ro guidhestar a oide im thechta

do chur
437
guin
;

130, pi. 3

Ro gaidhestair
bruth

is edii pated by a pronoun da lin tangadar .i. .x. mill mill .XX. 152, 2322. 1459 ron alt amlaidh soSimilarly he .i. sliabh etc. 118, is uime
-\
; :

vn. guide 446.

ro

ordaigh in cathair sin do.

.i.

f.

wound Gsg.
in

na

dhenum
in
i

do cuimnuighadh

gona 1333. gum gum, ointment

2490.

gum

neimi

in,

a,
I

cathreime 1628. into Simple form generally but i 331, 601, hi 384, 508.
pers. pron.

guna guna

sec

CO.

With
guna do
;

goivn, mantle Asg.

occasionally
287,

ann 167, 1004, and 1109, ind 333,

innti 978. 1348 innta 1791. With
;

sgarloid 2089

2136.

1275,
;

gunna

missile, dart (?) itir

-]

gunna

inti i334(?)

shoigid 1480 (note). Dpi. gunnaibh 1542, 2180.

1 sleigh

poss.

adj.

am

him 1304;
;

718, im 129G,. at 1004, ad 2229;

;

gur

see 3 co, is.

sec

gusan

2 CO.

ina 1782. na 437, inda (?) 1252 ^^^ in bur i947inar 2121-2

214
gach 131,
rel.

GLOSSARY.
Witli in each 698. ina Soi, ana 142, inar 2034,
cop.
rel.
fil

in

sgribhinn ina laim 2442, 1885, ro leic a n-ennirttc

.
.

cf.
.

witli

without
698,
i

frequently a mbeir particle

;
:

977

345, linaim 1334, oirdnim 546, roichim 343, silim 785, tarrla

(?)

3302,

hi

mbui

^Vith article isin 368, 1273. ]8co, isan 1965, sa 221, 880,

1332, tdigim 1813, CO rachadh n-eslainti dul ina 2069,

san

1928,

1899,

2412,

annsa

n-erradhaibh 2152, teithim 738, tuitim tigim 1555. 2067,

annsan (before 2034, 2441, vowels) 228, 2110; isna 1590.

a) In I. Of place 627, 1389, a n-Aenach na mBuadh 328, a lenmuin ann 601, co roibhi .slicht lamh an athaig innti

Without verb cin chonuir aid na as 233 Note also 688.

:

354,

1004.

d)

in prepositional

Very common and ad\erbial

aenfecht [479,

phrases, with

e.g.

agaid 1330, airde 397, arrthaisc

944,

2293.
1238,

2.

Fiacla

ina cinn

cenn

conar

fagaibh
;

edh

coinne

1652,

1396, 1707, cian coitchinne q-j^,

]i-ordlaigh ina
3.

churp 1093 396. Before nouns denoting arts,

etc.
:

comdail
diaig

11 23,

comfogus

100,

trades,

ardmaigistir isna

heladhnaibh 1787, ullam isna cerduibh 1372. 4. Atracht a

luindi
. . .

i960, dochum 713, doig 870, farrad 1454, gar 181 7, inad 59, mesc 1003, richt 48, timchell 1709, tus 713,

ucht 634.

e)

ind
3

1348

1333.

5. The means

sg.

ann

frequently

Before a large variety of other nouns, e.g. anoir 447, aruidhecht

331,

1202, 2110, ann sin see sin, ann so he7'e 2545. san bliadhain so 6. Of time
there
:

athgairid

44,

bith

847,

coimidecht

1928, 1262.

ina
b)

aimtir

850;

1122,

Constructions with
I.

219, caich 559, daeirsi 730, deiredh 755, digail 894, eruicc 1571,

1829, commaidem cosmailius 764, a cuma

poss. adj.

^Vith verbal noun:

;

fad

36 1, forcenn 789, fritheing

ina shesam standing 917 1293, 2. With other nouns 2516.

:

1086, gialla 712, guasacht 1795, ichtar 1431, imtachmong 1274,

ina bethaidh 247, atracht ina ceimennaibh 282, Tangadar

.

lenmuin 1674, rathnachus 333,

serglidi
13,

techtairecht

iiii
?

na

ina cipi 1513, ag tarraing leinedh ina blodhuibh

. .

(note), toraighecht

1189

286,

1314,
i

cf.

1819.

da chorp 2511. 3. With nouns ina naedin denoting persons when a child 209 see aenar.
:

see

se.
I

iad see

se.

iadaim

close,

shut pret. sg. 3 ro

. . .

4.

To

the construction in
is

(3)

the

iadastar a doid

iman

luirg

prep, ag
e.g.

frequently added,

303, ro iadh 416, 2274,

iar (eclipsing) after, less frequently

beir at
1
;

aenmnai agum-sa
:

2085. 2457. Note also ina namait duit 2456, ina cime

221

lais

711.

c)

After verbs of
e.g.

ar 813, 1038, 2431. With pers. iarum 473. With pron. riam poss. adj. iarna (exx. infra).
-]

motion meisnech
1702,
c/.

do chuir muindtir 1818, delbaim 82, tuc

into,
. . .

ina

arna 700, 2303. With vn. forms a past participle active

iarna fhaicsin sin having seen

GLOSSARY.
that

215

466

557,

In

tan

fogmoraigh iar caithem a shoiget e 594 Ar caithem. na mis when the month was over 1038 191 2, Ar tinol na 2505 passive
at[c]onncatar
; ; ; :

na

maidin i. 1125, isin maidin a. 1262, na maidne i. 1078. Cf. amarach.

iarraim
iar

ask for

pret.
;

sg.

ro

oslugudh 2137

2196, vn.
;

d'iaraidh a n-ingine 937

169S.
12 19,
;

slog 538, iar

;

marbhadh a
;

righ

Generally with for

ro iar D.

in finemhain 959, 2501 738 iarna freacar when cultivated

do
ro

banceile

for

A.

d'iaradar

496
le

aenconuir

iarna

denum
636,

grasa for E. 1441 iaradar comosadh re hE.

delbh

piccoidib made with iarna d. d'or

. .

1875.
iar
I.

With following
for

vn.

Ro

made
:

E. a oirnemh 564.

The agent is of 1444, 1446. generally introduced by do Iar torba in morgnima so do

E. 373
;

for, seek out

Vn. frequently in meaning look ag iarraidh A. 957,

1382
;

d'iaraidh tire

1977.

156, 2431.

lar(na)

iarum

then, afterwards 1085, 2303.

clos (sin) do 117, 869. lar(na) But faiccsin (sin) do 1738, etc. iar caithedh na also by le
:

Frequently like didiu, immorro

after the first stressed

the sentence

word Tuc iarum

;

of

E.

leo 553 896 iarna iar tinghngabail ag A. 927 ealladh Hercuil do chur in
fleide
. .

1059;
i.

1 1

80,

131 2

nir

cian

gur
:

also

cengail Dala F.
i.

1132.

Note
;

comruic 1264.
is

When

the vn.

mbui ann
i.

seeing that

beith the meaning is since, ar mbeith F. uasa

:

Ercuil
-;393-

doruc 713 i. connfaca 3S7 nir diultadh sin leis

;

cinn
also

342
iar

2224.

Cf.

iar

i&sg fish Dpi. osna hiasgaibh 2051.

ic see ag.

coiblidhi
:

re

riam 64. n-anmain

Note
aigi

on

ichtar bottom, lower part Dsg.

n-i.

condition that he should remain

an aigein 1431, na huama

;

-554Iar
359.
sin

2024
d[t]ain
then,

fuathrog

ima ichtur

thereupon
is
:

Very frequent
after
that,

iar

then 684,

1523,
sein-

172. ida iga pang, anguish Nsg. i. eoda 115, 884 Asg. tre idhain 72
;
;

2083. iaraind

Cf. iarnamai-ach, iarum.

. . .

eda 2521, mathair dorad idain

iarann iron Gsg. susta

gum

breith 2548.
sacrifice pret. sg.

1560. iarnaide iarnaidi iron (of weapons) The usual epithet of Hercules'

idbraim offer, ro idhbuir

441,

479;
i.

vn.

idhbuirt 440,

mar

club

(lorg)

241,

1702.

2281

baccanaibh
colun
i. i.

i. 1675, biail i. 596, 2156, do chorranaibh

i.

2500 abach
;

2253,

dorone

dona deibh don i.

78,

sacrificed the entrails 1363,

Gsg.

ac

denum

idhbarta
itir

1673,

liber

1724, don tsail

i.

i.

2339, sab i. 121 1, slabra

the next

na
idir

hi. 80.

between 1181, 2166,

1354.
;

14S0,

833.

etar

With

pers.

pron.
a)

iarnamarach arnamarach
lae
i.

edrum 2134
naidhin 102,

eturra 2004.
objects) itir in
itir

day 1080, 2093, Ar techt an

1

Between [two

164, sa 16

i.

2118, ar

Tenes

-\

da Tebes

2l6
24 U),
coir
itir

GLOSSARY.
a di laim 2022, Dorala
adj.

im(m)a
article

173, lybi,
:

ma

2506.

n-imagalma

eturra

270

do
left

ligcd eturra fein tJiey were to themselves 1719 2134

; ;

With iman
ro
luirg

man
a)

1135, -5i5>

304. iadastar

About, around
. . .

a doit
416,
. .
.

imaa
co
;

(note)

Docuadar
\'ery both

eturra

304

igGi.

came between them

til fill)

(to

separate

Q51.
]

common
. . . ;

with

following

and etar

sen corma 624 1354, 14S0. b) itir na nelluibh among the clouds 112; 1181, 2166.

nua

fin

-]

mbuidhnibh uime 0^6 869. b) Of putting on [clothes uime guna etc.) 2137; 1723, do chuir an leine uime 2505 2076, ro ghabh uime he
.
.
. ;

1672.

c)

Throughout

man

iga see Ida.

igthe see ithe.
ilbliadna
iiKiiiy

cailhdh 2330, 2515 (But usually fa in this sense). d) After

in

re hi[l]bliadhnaib years 2020.

verbs of asking, praying, etc., Ro gaidheslair na dee irhma

:

many hundreds 1255. ilchrothach many-formed, -featured

ilcheda

As

foillsiughudh 438 1573. e) regards, in the matter of ac

;

anmann
2204. ildathach
-a 229.

i.

87

rigan

i.

929,

aidhmilledh

na

righna

thuismedh

88, ro diult iat

im uime

many-hued na heduighi
n-i.

sin

1876;

account of
sin

is

333, 2073. uime ro

;

f)

On

marbhus
1628.
:

ilgnim Gpl. Tar eis na

h'athair-si
g)

2222

1135,

do denum many deeds 1223. ilimud much, great quantity,

After

certain

verbs
;

ro
;

daisedh

imbe
.

353
.

1333

many
i.

a) \^ith following gen.

doronsat anora

uime 485

i. cecha hairm 823 uarana 1275 1625, ar faicsin i. na n-ainm2333 innti how many animals there

oir 273,
j.

gur thoirmesc E. impu e 2017.

913,

imagallam f. conversation Gsg. fuin na himagallma 1320, coir

n-i.

270, 321.
battle,
i.

were 1954. b) With do thirthaibh 926 i.

2170,
i.

foil,
;

de:

imairecc

contest

Asg. Dsg.

1447,

doronsat
i.

35

da n-allus 2009.
various
desires

See
dia

ar

mbeolu

316, 1327. ar . i.
.

lamh

imud.
ilmiana
n-ilmianaib 624. 1 ilmilte many thousands
1349, ilmili 1309. 2 ilmilte many miles 175.

1318-9.

imarc(r)aid excess, advantage, odds ro bui i. ac F. o E. 339,

. . .

ilmilti

Asg. imarcaidh 1847

[see note).

ilniamach very bright na n-edaighi

n-i.

224.

Imarchor carrying, tossing about for i. an oicein 265, mor do i. na tonn 376.
.
. .

ilpairtib see pairt.

ilpiast see piast.

Imarcrach excessive uaman

i.

815.

imb
pets. pron.

see im.

im

about
;

With

umam
;

imbualad

mutual

smiting,

great

uime 869, im(m)e 124, f. 243. 550, imbe 333, 353 uimpi 2076, impea 1333 umpa
2132
;

smiting 406.

imchael very narrow essruis

i.

234,

na

hasraisi

imcaoili

269,

na

651,

impu

2017.

With

poss.

conaire imcaile 1756.

GLOSSARY
imcharaim cany
imcuir 613.
pret.
sg.

217

ro

imisle great lowness, poor position{in a fight) a i. ro bui se isin

imchian very long

[of time) co hi.

comlunn
c.

1134.

i.

a inaidh isin

2012.
hi.

imchlod tuniing, returning imclogh CO sidhamail 1306.

imian complete co
hi.

1214, 2197.
. .
.

imiinn navel Asg. ulcha

fair 768.

co

imchoimed guarding, ivatching over ic i. na slighedh 240, serpens

i. 249; 1287, 2155, Gsg. do fomoir -a na caerach 270 imcoimed na cluidhcedh 150.
;

hicca

imluad moving, carrying ic i. a cennaighechta hawking 225, do

thriallsat

do

i.

mara

374.

imm

see im.

immithisse truce 319.

imchomaircim
sg.

inquire pret. imcomairces each scela

;

ask,

immorro (MS

au.,

u,

y.)
etc.

hoiv-

diaroile dibh 1228

ever, moreover,

indeed

Used

1298.

imchumang
i.

very narrow in tslighi

Hke didiu to emphasise the first stressed word of the sentence:

237, isin strapa n-i. 315.

i.

Ro
lath
is
. .

imda many, numerous Rob

gaile 468,

fogair i. Filoces 285 2018. Bahalachti. A. 67

1681,
;

2091,

ealadhna

i.

1926.

amlaidh
.

i.

fil

sidhe t

lama

imdaingen very
arthrach
i.

strong, very secure

1548.

1236; 1242, Is and sin i. ro ghabh 259, Cid fil ann i. acht
le

imdegail separating, im.urecc cen i. 316.

parting

ni

subject

dechaidh 449. Separating from verb when the

for

imdergad reproaching, insulting ag ndee 93 i. i. na 1596, aithis

;

-]

1854-

former is placed first Ercuil i. ro emphasis 1215, Dala lubiter 297;

:

bui
i.

ro

imdiden protecting acar n-i. 745, aga 1. ar scath a sceith 755,

forna feruibh 1506. imegia great fear for i. in trennia

bui se 15;

103,

c/.

787.

The

aca

i.

is necessary with the Lucht na object of a verb iad lunga i. ro lin gubha

pronoun

d'i. 107, d'i. na leoghan 397 E. do clodh 349, d'i. co rachudh E. 2323 i. roime [aigi ?] 852.
; ;

348

669, 1263.
i.

imordugud arranging ace

caistiall 142.

crann3 ro
on-

imeglach very fearful guth

CO
hi.

i.

383,

impaigim
rel.

turn,

return fut. sg.

in

tan impoghas in
1927,
C.

sen.

1915.
attending,

orum
serving
. .

pret.
re

sg.

imfrithoilem

i n-aruidhecht Gsg. imfliritholma 332.

impaidh
1

hE. turned

ro impo(gh) 713, returned 619,

1356. 1801, 2427,

Ro impa

1848,

imfurtacht help Dsg. 283. imguin wounding Gsg. ar

uaman

ro impoighimpuighis 12 16, pi. 3 edar 1585, vn. impogh 1656, 1754-

a himgona 825. imig ro imig see imthigim.

imirt

impir emperor Vsg.

2231, Gsg. 1990.

a airdimpir

game, procedure, inflicting dorindi ... an i. cedna riu-san

f.

retaliated in the
of.

same way 1864,

d'i.

impirecht empire, dominion Gsg. -a 1453, ceim i. 2434.

irapoigim impuigim see impaigim.

abairt

bas

ar 2310.

2l8

GLOSSARY.
roiviug, sailing Asg. dorindi

imram

imrud docum tiri 1548. imremar very thick, epithet

1474.

imthus adventure, history, business ro fiarfacht a n-imtus dibh 223.

I'scd like ddla [see dail)

of

Imthus

Hercules' club (lorg) 241, 1074.

ri^h

na

S.

686

2303.

imud
strife,
1 1 1 1).

great quantity,

much,
;

many
:

imresain

contention

Asg.

i.

gan

i.

imroill ((^sg. of iniroU ivandering) urchar misdirected crooked,

la 1912 2264 hi. na corp there were so many 1096; 1105,1683. See ilimud.
I

dorcaduis

in see

and

2 an.

n-imroill

196, 592,

2279.
aill

imrud see imram. imslemain very smooth

233-

inad place, position, situation 2448, asa n-ait 1 asa n-inadh 1663
;

ard

i.

i.

rigna 570

do denum

i. cathrach 1987 1621 Gsg. imisli a

; ;

imsl6ig

numerous
379.

(?)

comdhail

inaidh isin comlunn 2012

iinsl(jigh

cech inadh a cluinedh wherever 1260 ;

;

Imthachraang circumference Dsg. a n-i. a shamhtaigi {of a sword)

1247,
.

luce

...

teora

mili

E. d'faghail a n-i. 2091, 2499 na mbriathar sin do digail fair a n-inad an (?) doirrsiri 1419
;
;

imtachmong 1275. imthigim impf. ro imged 1979

.
.

ina

instead of
;

(?)

59.

inaid see 3 na.

pret. ro

imthigh 75 (-dh), 1S09. ro imigh 65 (-dh), 1803, 2368 vn. ro imgedar 1166, 1524
; ;

inaltena

sharp

(?)

in

luirg

athgeir inaltena 290. altan, Contribb.

Cf. ait,

imthecht 1091, 2175.

depart 81, 683,
1

a)

go,

166

ro imthigh
ro
. . .

roime 1145; 1915, 2410; ro i. imigh liadha 1124 ro i. for amus na T. 23

; ;

inar tunic, jacket i. do chrocnib leogan 242, i. cnis see cnes.

inas see 3 na. inathar entrails Asg. 2512. in inbaid time in phrase
:

i.

sin

ro dia cathrachaibh 11; 725 mar a roibhi C. 1664 i. ro i. fora culu retreated 410,
;

then, at that time 50, 469, 1187,

in

i.

-sidhe 17, 627

.
. .

iar tiacht

inmadha
the

i.

docum in tochmairc
as escape ro
S.
i.

na hingine when
nuptials oj the
(note).

b)

With

as
;

561. o
.
;

day for

the

na imthecht
righ
1

girl arrived

557

1803 1797 re luas a retha o E.

c)

Inbechtain

09 1, 2021.

walk, travel over

Is scarcely hardly, ind inbechtain ma rainic

. .

in

magh

do imthecht
2175.
. . .

1096;
d)

tan(n) 1319.

1979, imidh fordol

65.
e)

1524,

gur

inchaib see oinech.

fuirri
.

mor

happened n-imthecht
ri

inchinn brain[s) Asg. 1354.

inchleith(e)
nicletiii
secret,

concealed loco

viiany exploits 325.

imthnuthach very jealous

i.

secretly,

CO hincleitji 170, in secret, hidden 864,

1646.

1970, 2142.

imthrascraim knock down, throw

pret. sg. 3 ro imthrascair

inchomartha

191.

Vn. imthrascradh wrestling 188, Gpl. na n-imthras[c]arthae 199.

sign, symbol innccjmartha impirechta 1452. inchomlainn, -uinn fit for combat

nar

i.

fir

in

talman

r(i)isin

GLOSSARY.
tre[n]niilidh

219
Gsg.
fer

1851,

.u.

mill fer

1917.

innarbtha

n-armach n-incomluind 1571. jnchomraic fit for combat nach

incomruicc aenduine
righnuibh sin
jnd- see inn-.
1
. . .

athach 1662.
innas see 3 na.

risna

innechad
i
.

11 21.

vengeance, punishment ona deibh 1776; 1943.

innell preparation,
. .
.

ind see

i.

2 ind see inn.

.3

equipment innell catha 1535. inne6in anvil Vsg. a inneoin

fhothaidh na ferrdachta 184.

ind see
brutish

an.
irrational,
{of
i.

indligthech

stupid,

innile cattle, herds a n-uili cethre

1

animals)
;

ind

uili

indile 387
tell,

483, 1253.

82, 194, 131 1. 391 inga nail, claw Xpl. ingne fiara 769, Dpi. con n-ingnibh 1237.

anmann

innisim
ro

relate ipv. Indis

;

697

condit. ro indeosainn 696

pret.
;

ingen

f.

daughter Nsg. 699, Vsg. Asg.

701,

innis, indis (exx. infra) ro innsidar, indsidar 224, 705

2239,

Gsg.

ingine
pass,

625, Dsg. ingin 212,

Ndu. 1148,
441,

ro,
;

2378

do hinnsedh 1904, vn. innisin 325, 1598, ac

NApl. ingena. ingina 387, 526,

ingen 1921 ingenaibh ingen Electrion 4
1929,

Gpl.

Dpi.

Alcamena
940, 2205
;

innis 323 (note). Generally with do to. a) ro innis di gan gai

80;

1157.
i.

b)

With
;

accus.

Girl, inghen do loib 2460. maiden gradh na hingine do-san na hingine 213 441, 557
;
;

Ro
ni

a tosca 272 515, 1150, fetar a innisin febhus a

;

laimhe 1598
toisc.
c)

With

Cf. seel, 2541. vn. construc. . .

:ingnath

macdachta 514. m. strange

rob
in
i.

tion
thing,

ivonder

leo

178;

1200, ba

mor

torathar

Ro innis ... do

do E.

. .

torachtain

t-i.

les 1033.

ingnathach strange, wonderful arm

i.

1229; 2378. d) With dependent clause introduced b}^ co co raibhe 26 ro innis 995,
:

1245 579, arracht n-i. 1285, cur i. 2589, edaighi -a 222, torathar i. 1230, trenfer i. 2379
; ;

2038.

rob

i.

les

1329.

innme wealth Nsg. innmus wealth,

1922.
treasure

Gsg.

-ingnech
inil!

see

donn.
co
. .
.

innmuis 205, 1225.

sarinill
inill

safe,

secure
Cf.

innraic upright, innocent 1822,

na

241.
'

coi;nedaig
17.

vigilant,' ^NIR 170.

n[d]aine i. 1989, na oglach indraic faithful servant 2555.

inis island

Nsg. 1276.
top

inmada
inn

see inbaid.

innrud attacking, raiding, devasag i. 2565, indrudh tating

saeghail 251, ag indrudh I ag
^'" 94-' HOiargain 803 of O. Ir. in-reith, which appears in pret. pi. 3 as do innrudar
;

point,

co
ar
]

tsleibhi

636,

i.

hinn ... in a gualann

of, on igo in tsleibhi 100 a gualann 2397.

on top

1017, ar ind 2387, os inn

72S.

jnnarbad banishment, indarbadh 14 10, tuc

badli
. . .

expelling innar. ;

is

The corresponding sg. 3 It has not written plene.

been expanded ro mnvaidh 831,

909, 2563, 2574.

forra

903

220
innsaige
triall
1
;

GLOSSARY
approachitii;.

allocking

indsaighi

forind

arracht

877, 2039

2207; 1339; dob (before vowels) nir 28, nirb (before

;

284 d'innsaighi E. 824. innsamail the like of a hindsamail

ar dogluleilb 308.
inntlecht

vowels)

828,
;

73 1,

nirbo-

tshamlaidh 326

nar 565, narb

(before vowels) 932, 2039,

skill

naba

m.

intellect,

Asg.

2280

cor 286, corb 86, 486,

274.

in t-inntlccht sin strafas^eni ig35,

1363. corbo
817.

corub corob

Gsg. maillc hilimud inntlcchta 1625, ac scrududh a n-inntlechta

1892. 1785 innus mode, manner With
;

1776;

no

comadh

317,

comba 1247
(before
;

ff.(?);

gur 1134^

foil.

co.

nacli,

etc.

so

that,
foil.

always
pret.

consecutive with
impf.
:

or
;

gurb gurub 2018 conar 1093, conarba carbh 981 darb 1682, 2096
vowels)
969,
; ;

1676, gurba h- 1028, 1705,

innus co nderna 808

ainm 1656

ger284, 1265

inar

1698, 1753. 2403. With impf. indus CO mbaidhedh 1430 (note).

:

In modal sense (cf. 977. condit. supra) 1537, 119, 1339,.

891, 643, etc.

CO tabhraidis 1730.
irgal fighting, combat, attack
la

ADsg.
1069
;

(h)isin see sin.

hirgail

arrachta
i.

A.
sin

itbath hitbath (at-bail), incorrectly

I577>
laech-.

I700> foran
irgal 1164.

21 14,

used in meaning
1308.
Cf.

thoii shall die-

na hob
irgalach

See gnath-,

ZCP

xiii

216.10.

hathaigh
is

warlike aggressive, ... -a 1866.

na

ithe eating re n-ighti 2315.

itir

see idir.
fort,

iubus

blockhouse

iubus(aib)

copula

be.

Unexpressed 1148,
Pres.
iss
is

dcbtha
143.

34, 476,

iubhus faircsina

1812, 2413.

772, 1323

and passim,
;

1259,

1262.

See CCath., Bidrag.

isim 974 ni h- 744, 1792, ni uait 114; nach 1969, 2325, depending on pret. vb. 1387.

an 90, 1845 mas 678 2307 Conid 1142, 2201, Gurub 1606, 2040. Fut. rel. bus 1664, 1769.
;

la see le.
1

la

m.

arole
;

la

day Nsg. 2244 Asg. 303, an la sin 507,.

; ;

see

120 note.

Condit.
186, 19S9,

135, dobu(dh)

budh dobo
corob

2248, robadh 1282, 1337, roba

2249

nabudh

581

la CO n-aidhci 1462 1618 Gsg. lae 337, gach lae every day 1 195, Ar techt an lae 1164, diu lae 1940 d'aidchi Dsg. do 16
;

-j

1463. Subj. pres. 1925, 2316, gidh 1790, cidh 13 10, see
ge.

madh
budh

1632,
lo

huaire do 16 1346, sa amarach 1122 teora la

tri
;
;

Subj. past

1573,
;

minbudh 208, munu edh 2073 damadh 783 gemadh 1231;

;

Gpl. uighi fes cethri la 218.

840

.u.

la

1460^
see

La baga

bag.

See sam-.

fa h- 2271 roba 375, robo 1277, robu(dh) 331, 930, rob (before vowels and/) 630, 125 robsat ro adhbui 42, ro ferr 366

Pret.

ba h- 489,
;

1536-7

2 la rola see tarda, toitim.. labraim speak pret sg. 3 ro labhair

1294.

lac(c)aim see lagaim. ladrann thief A-pl. na ladrainn 428..

GLOSSARY.
laech warnoy Dsg. 135, Gpl. 1433, 1685, Dpi. do laechaibh 1342.

221
glove Nsg.

lamann
lampa
Ian
(note).
full
;

200.

lai)ip

Asg. lampaidh 1632

Cpds.
1863,

-irghail

874,
106,

-lamaibh
1074,

-lenub

-lorg

-milidh 1061.

See deg-.

513

Ian dod ghradh 526 a Ian eneidi 2505. In

;

laechda wayrior-like, pertaining to a warrior lama 1. 768, slabra

laechraid
f.

cpds.

generally
:

intensive

and

alliterating

1547,
coll.

-adbul 1752, -beg -beogha 1585, -cadad

1,

ivarriors

Nsg.

1475, -chalma 151

128,

-chalmaeht
-cruaidhi

875, Dsg. 1459, Gsg. laechraidhi

829.
calf Npl.

-chama

772,

laeg

laigh

1973,

Gpl.

1060, -daingin 833, -dirga 777, -edrum 760, -eolach 106, -fherg

laegh
197^-

1974,

Dpi.

laeghaibh

1666, -fhergaeh 873, -gera 1237,

-gliee 600,

-ghradh 2258, -marbh

lagaim weaken
lagim

(trans.) pret. sg. 2

ro lacais 429, sg. 3 ro lace 472.

see luidim.

1561, -mor 1430, -radhairc 143, -righi 725, -soillsi 21 14, -urrlum 792. See

2174,

-marbhadh

laidim incite, urge on pret. sg. 3 ro laidh 1581, vn. laidiugud

see gresaini.

bale-.

lanamnas wedlock, lanamnuis 880.

Iar
a)

love

Gsg.

dil

laidir strong

co iaidir 106, 2251.

lann blade, sword Asg. 791, 8S5.

)niddle as
1.

See feidm-.
laidiugud see laidim.
lairgi

in aenaigh

(laracc)

Apl.

thiglis

829

654, ar 1. mo daingin 1003, ar 1. na lenedh 2507, 2516. Cf.

cert-,

(note).

b)
i

ground ro tocebbadh
1.

lam hand, arm Asg.

361, Gsg. ar feis laime 1 221, do glace ar barr hi 2447, Dsg. laim 174, ro 1.

do

1.

598, CO

2166, ar

1.

ghabh ar laim
Npl.

hi 819,

Adu.

itir

a di laim 2022, lamhaib 2403,

lamha
1
1

768,

1530,

Gpl.

2297. laracc see lairgi. lasaim light, kindle pret. pi. 3 do lasadar 11 98; become inflamed ro las dia grad (?) 10 2507
; ;

lamh

do liagaibh lamh lamhaibh 2471. 1550, Dpi. Dorad a lam [in ?]a laim 361
78,
;

vn. ar lasadh alight 2157. lasair flame pi. lasraeha 2344,

in

1.

367
ar

{cf.

Guy
ft.)

Cellaig

649

283.4, Caithr. ni tabhraid

;

bhratha 1996. IdiSdiVCidAn flaming do dhrithlennaib lasamna 1709.

lasrach flaming tor
.
. .

ar ndee lam linn 1082 lamha do chur romhuind 1530

;

tromlas-

iar

mbrisedh orra

le

laim

rach z^is. lath warrior

1.

gaile

468,

Gpl.

E. 959, febhus a laimhe 1 598 laim re sruth beside 1822

;

ilimud

1.

ngaile

1226,

Dpi.

lathaibh gaile 144, 1342.

lathair place, presence do 1. 695 tanic CO 1. cuca 1856; 1929,
;

2092. Cpds. -arma 2186, 1404 See -chomairt see comairt.

;

laecb-, lath-,

luathaigim.
3

2153
CO
1.

ar

I.

catha 2125, ag dul

lamach shooting 128. lamaim dare pret.

lamhsatt 154O.

do 1488.

pi.

nar

le

with 990, etc., frequently also

la 941, etc.

With

pers. pron.

222
liuni

GLOSSARY.
;

let 1022, 222^, Icm 677 1709, lett 804, lat 724, 1162;

beg
2007,

708,

deimin
2495,

347,
ferr

doigh
535,

fada

leti)s

1136,

1329,
le

lais
;

n8o,

laiss

43

f.

1222

linn 1530,

linne
poss.

670
adj.

leo

1201. 1803,

With
2362,
le

ingnath 1780, maith 2145, olc 30, rogha 1579, toil 1769. Note also dar leo 1638, is cidir
:

Icna

leis

161,
43.

med gradha
d)

mna

ceile 2370.

With

article leisin

laiss

In various con-

877,

lesin
;

2063
a)

671, lasin 63, lasna 39, 136.

176,

structions denoting possession,

ownership.

i.

is

lem-sa
2.

mo
Na

I.

With,
:

(instrument) le luas a retha

igj.

by means 0/ le nert gae 274,

breath

fein
.

n-edaighi

677. bui

leo

ivhich

2021

See 2 re

2.

1577, Intro:

1020, 1529 (only they had 224 in earlier part of text, see
;

ducting agent after passives

millter let e 2149
3.
;

''g (c)).

3.

Lamha
619,

.\fter

vnn.

1642, 1824. trascairt la

1236.
laiss

4.

lais 769 ; Cin acht aonniilidh

. .
.

44

71

1.
:

5.

dias d'fheruibh 1131, a cliamhain do malairt la hE. 2043.

C/.

i co Strengthening n-oluind leo 228

. . .

con

tochmarc
;

Y.

la

hE.
also
:

e)

With

2262
iarna
1320.

61 8.
le

Note

la

2265. vn. expressing purpose : fortacht d'faghail 78. f)

;

denum
4.
of,

on
a

piccoidib 636 account of, by

; . . .

In prepositional and adverbial

le phrases soduin 1361,
:

ceile
leis

2370,
le

La
la

reason
la

through nir tuil

sin 2484.

neim

chrecht

424,

la

taebh na mara 1634,

uair dib 2401.
lebaid
1

gach

huaman
la

E. 1907;

1103, 1690,

Cf.

2re.

forcongrae in righ 541. b) With verbs in various idioms

(with verbs of motion in sense
of accompanying)
le

bed

leabaidh

urluachra

76 1, Dsg. 50, Gsg. leapa 1221.

lebar book

carry off 11 86; cum E. L. was sent with

{tetter)
1

beirim bring, do cuiredh L.

:

Npl.- liubhair 1831, Apl. lehhair 1016, Gpl. leabhar

1785, 1892.

it

to
;

766-7

E. 2498 dobeirim

2475,
carry
.

2 lebar slender, long giall

cf.

firl.

767, ingne
off
. .

firleabra 770.

1016, 1648. ni tabhraid lam linn do not help us 1082 1 162; ro eirgim. succeed 2228
; ]

lec see lia.

lecc

flagstone Nsg. 1984, Apl. lecca 2025, Dpi. leccaib 1752.

fhaidh
les

leis

2259

hi carried her off

;

ro fuadaigh ro 654
; ;

ledraim

liack, lacerate pret. sg. 3 ro leadair 472. vn. ledairt 953,

gaid 1938 imthigim 365, 2368 luidim 1 1 05; tairrngim 1961

teigim

1561, 2162
;

-ledradh

1.569.

leg see lia.

accompany
^/-

1493

."

-1 91

899, bring teithim 1738

;

leidmech eager, daring fer 918, gartha -a 1733.

leigim (-e-?
in
-i-) let,

...

1.

tigim accompany 666, bring 990 toitim die at the togbaim 580
;
;

But note the forms

allow,
i)
:

leave,

throw
foil,

/lands of 1009. c) After adjj. and nouns in the opinion of,

etc.,

(forms infra), prep, or adv.

1

Without
ligin

do ligen a anala
about
to

e.g.

ail

79^,

annsa 1769,

595'

ar

ti

do

GLOSSARY.
abandon
ar
. .

223
visible

thee
:

2288.

ii)

With

leir

clear,

conarba
1682
;

leir
leir

(for)
.

ro leig fora di gluu

;

doibh a
all,

ceile

co

e 919 ro
;

1882

iii)

With
asta
leigiii
:

entirely 728.

as

1715

2101
;

leigedar gartha sib fein do

;

lenab child laechlenub 106.

lenaim
sg. 3

a) follow,

pursue condit.

as 1422

1839.

do leigedar n-armaib cuigi shot

. . .

With co frasa ... da

iv)
at 1503,
.
.

CO lenfadh se Aitilas 1183,

pret. sg. 3 len 740, ro (do) leu

Do

leicc

C. lasracha

cuca

346, 2496 etc., pi. 3 ro lensad 959, 1540, ro lenadar 2016,

3994;

cf.

ro leicc
190,

docum
a
ligen

vn.

acar
to

talman

e.

gan

adhere

lenmain 1531. b) (generally with de) :

si

docum
saidhe
v)

E. 2254, ro leic E. dia made towards it 380.

:

With de
:

leig

do
vi)

Yole

leave Y. alone 2233.

With
lig

do

gin guforguU do lecan do

da chorp do len Espaiu don talmain sin 1828, do leu co T. na G. in talach 2407 mbui a lenmuin ann [of an do
len
;

(leine)

2507

1674-5,

denum
righe in

doibh
. .

151,

nir
;

axe in the ground) 602.

aedhiacht

doib 902
11 19,

1306.
. . .

domhun do
cede

ligen

don droing
ieicenn
ciiradh
vii)

a
. .

huaman
.

conach d'uathadh

lebman, leogan m. lion Xsg. 390, Asg. 415, Dsg. 401, Gpl. 242, Gsg. -ain, -uin 416, 1475, NApl.
386. 388.

ascnamh
:

With
1

idir

1253. do liged eturra

leomanda

lion-like leoganda 1237. leon wound, injury Gsg. ina luidhi

fein
-]

71 9,

na leigidh edrum-sa

leoin 2174.

iat

do not leave

me
ro

single(note),
leic

leonaim

wound

pret.

sg.

ro

handed against them 2134

viii)

With
.

a
to

leonuis 428, sg. 3 ro leou 472, vn. ac leonadh 956.

les

n-ennirtte

pretended

benefit,

good

dodenum do

les

weaken 345.
leig

ix)
.

With
ris

re

ro

698, ara les 2503.

a lorg

revealed to
:

lesugud improving, making amends

ro x) With sech leicsit seoca e 61. xi) With tre

him 998.

nach

tresin ligfidis ced slighedh xii) do leicc cathraigh e i860, amach 749 1946, se Prim
.

ainudlighed gach lesughudh riu 1415 chrocnib leogan gan

242.
1 leth half
.

...
;

iuar

do do

1.

untanned

2141.

dibh 3O4, co a 1. fuath dragunda foran leth u-ale

. .

leigim
leigh

read pret.
(litir)

sg.

ro

(do)

2442,

2^75;

vn.

leim

leighed 2443, 2486. jump Asg. sraidhki)

(see sraid-),

606

ii 1235. Cpds. -mill 2098, do -taebh na conuire 825, -cos one foot 401, a muUach a -ochta 2278, -laim 2562.

the rest of

Dsg. do leim 760.

3

1558.

2 leth part, direction, side do gach on every side 869, 2109, for 1.

leimim jump pret.

1998,
leine
f.

sg.

ro leim

cech leth 175.

lethad width, breadth
.x.

3 ro leimsid 2005. shirt Nsg. leine 172, Asg.

pi.

troighti

leined 2494, Dsg. 2289, Gsg. na

2503- 251

1.

1361. lethan ivide, broad aiWlecha. leathua firlethna 764, 777, cluasa
1.
. . .

...

ina

224
lecc Ictliaii 19S4, loingcs
I.

GLOSSARY.
1406.
1.

cneidi
c)

longaibh Icthna
766,

1430,

suili

coro

lin
.

bruth
. .

arna linadh 2505. ind 1333,

. .

troightcach
-aidbli

lethan
-luirg

772.

Cpds.
clas-,

309,

292,

-sciath 1243.
cliab-,

iiVc bel-.

honii-.

Ko lin clu \l. fon uili domun 210. ro linadar sluaigh ... a timchill E. 2i6[.
linmairecht
bers)

tarr-. lice

abundance
1342.

[in

num1053,

lia

stone Nsg.

loghmar gem
leg

310,

202, Dsg. do buail fo lig lanmoir

e

linmar numerous sluaigh

10()0.
1

-a

logmar 206, 273, ilimud murliag 2025 (see mur), Dpi. do (mur) liagaibh 1549, 1753. Cpd. liagcloehuibh
Gpl.
Ice,

1092,

2181.
liaig

linnti 480. Dpi. sruthlinntibh 1364, 2198. 2 linn drink ro {intoxicating) dailedh o biudh o linn iat
-j

linn pool Apl.

physician

Xpl.

Icgha

loO,

573.
-]

964. libedan see liuidan.

liber
f.

Gsg. a lordaethari lenna 1616.

f.

bidh

litir

letter

Asg. 2446, 2475, Gsg.

(806-7)

c^"^>

cudgel
1.

(of

na litreach 2486.
liubar see lebar.

Hereules' weapon) in
luirgi

lancalma
Aen.
last

806
exx.

1560, 2339.

2208 has

libflj'aib,

but the
are

two
plene.

supra

written

liuidan leviathan Nsg. 2031. loc (-g) m. place Nsg. luce 1274, Asg. 155, locc oirechtais 2386,

Gsg.

ainm ind
;

luicc

hi

mbui
locc

lice see lia.

^-li
(?),

1979,
1

Dsg.

asin

lidarrda

awkward

dragging

(?)

inclethi

1. 772. Liodar a dawdler, Dinneen. See Hessen

troighteach
s.v. litar.

2034, 20S6. of these perh. to log, q.v. 70

;

Some
for

loch

m. lake Nsg. 1275. Gsg.

locha 1276, Apl.

Lama

litarrda,

lar in

4.S0.

CCath. 4029. but Stokes' derivation from liothra (gloss.) does not seem correct.
lig see lia.

lochrann lamp, torch Npl. lochruind 2157. locht fault, sin Gpl.
(ro)loduir see teigim.
(?)

2464.

ligim, ligen see leigim.

limad polishing ag
1 lin

linen

Gsg.

a n-arm 992. a n-edach lin

1.

log pit, recess, hollow Asg. 1. socuir 344, Dsg. a 1. dorahain

2023 (note). See

loc.

^^95.

logmar
number,
all,

valuable,

precious

{of

lin the full

(of men in an army) is tangadar 1459, is e lin ro bui lin a slogh 21, zi,; P. 2094 ni fuilmid lin catha do 1083
; ;

number edh lin

stojies). see lia.

loigdim lessen, diminish ipv. pass.

loighter 1825.

loinges Asg.
1"-.

fleet

1406;

ro chuir

for

1.

uadha banished ti6;

creich
loingsi

1465. both 30,

Ddu.

diblinaib,
;

-uib

(isg.

ar

on

168, 545

but apparlinudh
lin

ently linaim

all
fill

544, 575.
a)

plundering voyage 646. loiscim burn pret. sg. 3 vo loisc

25O4, vn. ag losgadh 194:, va. colun criadh loisc[th]e 1379.
loise

Do
b)

in
;

luingin ... do clochuibh 1553

1612,

2167,

Ro

igha

blush

Nsg.

tainic

loisi

de

eda A. 115;

301,

1257, a Ian

2442, 2486.

GLOSSARY.
15n provision 1958.
ceirt 2374,
1.

225
co\xa.e6.a.
1.

long

f.

ship,

vessel

Nsg.

1555,

1752,

cf.

492,

guardians denrausa na
fiadhauise
in

luinge,

Asg. 220, Gsg. lunga 348, 2308, -i 634, 1197, Dsg. luing
1558,

cathrach
referees

1623,
150,
1.

1.

foghluma
1. 1.

Npl.
1

longa

1621,

Gpl.

gaiscidh
1

1374,

furfogartha
luingi

long

longaim

183, Dpi. longaibh 1429. eat pret. pi. 3 ro longsat

heralds, announcers 536,

197.
well-

2354, vn. longadh 7. lonn fierce, angry co I. lanfhergach

873.

luchtmar having a large crew,

manned long
2305, -a 1430.

1.

laninor

916,
less

lonnaigim anger pret.

lonnaighedh 1556.

pass.

Ro

luga

cpv.

of

beg
1.

smaller,
1.

aran mac ba

97, nir

1130,

lor enough, see daethain.

1

corob lugaidi dodendais 2035.

luib plant, herb Npl. luibi 482.
luicc see loc.

lorg

f.

club,

cudgel
241,

[Hercules'

weapon)
etc.,

Nsg.

Asg.
-i

998,
1560,

luirg 290, Gsg. luirge,

Dsg. luirg 948, Apl. lorga

1863.
liber,

Sometimes replaced by
sab, sail,
siist,

luidim lie pret. sg. 3 ro luid A. ina fharrad lay down beside him 51 ro luidh le 939
;

see these

words.
2 lorg track

ro 2065, vn. ag luidi leo 1 105 luidh fora muin 793 imud
; ;

Asg.
;

ni

fuaradar
(?),

1.

na mbo 1968

1965

bermaid

na lamh ag ludhi for E. 1178 ina luidhi leoin lanmarbh 2174.

;

orra 195 1. 1. loscad see loiscim.

lota
loft,

Lay, impose ceist lagim-si for cech n-aon 1303.

Gpl.

platform
143.

lotadha

luingin

small

ship,

boa!

1410,

lanriidhairc

1547, 2268.

luachair rushes, see lirluachair.

luinne fury, rage co luindi

;

-\

co

luaimnech
sruth-.

sivift,

rushing,

see

luas speed, siviflness imthecht re 1. a retha 1091 1878, 2351.

;

i665, 198 1, a lanfheirg 1005 luindi leomhain 1347. luirech breastplate 243, Dsg. cona
hiirigh 1242.
liith

luath

speedy,

simft

co

1.

2488,

cpv. luaithi 199, 891, conarba nas e 2096. Cpds. 1. fiadh

.
. .

a) vigour, power 12S. luth lanmor 1258 (or to (b) ?), Gsg. fromidh ... a luith 540.

-buillibh

1511,

ro

-fhergaiged

1557, ag -ledradh 1569, -marbhadh 161 1. See fir-, prim-. luathaigira quicken pret. sg. 3 ro

Gsg. joy, gladness t-a[dh]bhar lutha 1337 gabh luth ... hi 2420
b)
;

ind
;

do
la
1.

in

deghgnima doronsad 161 7

1.

luathaigh a lamha 2012, pass,

ro luathaigedh 609. lubgort garden, orchard Asg. 248. luce see loc.
lucht
people,
folk,
;

gidh robo
531-

let

114;

1407,
la
I.

1763;
;

1.

menman

sin 21

luthgair joy, gladness

air

tri

luth[ghj. .

inhabitants,
1.

an

sceil 2090,

Gsg. gartha.

crew Gsg. -a 621

429,
143,
1. 1.

ainndligid airdmesa 158, 1. caduiss

luth[gh]aire 1733, 1879.

na cathrach 621, J. na ceirde cedna 1626, [lu ?]cht a

luthgairech joyful, glad 2414. liithmar vigorous, powerful leim co 1. 1531. luthmar 760, 1558
;

226

GLOSSARY
M
maicne descendants daerm. 165.
1,

itir

sliaerm,

-j

-m-

inf.

pron.

st:;.

sec

mc.
rainicc

maidim
maidin
I

ma ma

see im.
(/

Is

inbcclitiiiii

ma
:

Witli copula Mas cdh 1320. well 678 madh ulc niaith Ic
;

niaidm. muidim. morning niadaiu 439. 2(j5, (isg. CO mucha na maidne 1078, retl,a furfogartha na m. 334, maidni 2255. Ar maidin
sec
f.

liE. e

I925;23i0.
son.

mac m. mac

Cf. mina. Plene readings Gpl.

.^141,

Apl.

mic 562, cpd.

in the morning 2256, ar m. iarnamarach the next morning 1 1 25, 2089, isin na. 1262, co m.

roacgnimartha youiliful exploits Note also Npl. felmncu 554.

Apl. d'felmacaib
445,

1270.

maidm
.

dejeat,

rout

iar

m.

da
dibh

macu
;

387,

Dpi.

niuindtir
,
.

12 13,
.

Ro
.

bris

lubiter

207

205. dcjruc

Mac
ben

do
E.

srutlim.

dochum

srotha
1076.

615.

G.sg. rian

madhma
q.v.

inac 1050,

talmain

mac do geincdh asiu mac deirbh2381

;
;

Vn. of muidim,

sethar a athar 2298

.i.

maigden

'Jeseii.s

mac

righ

Atenus
;

1S2

maigistir master

mac Saduini 9 693. Boy, youth 109, mor mac i

lubiter

moigden. ardm. isna sechL n-eladhnaibh 970 1 787. NApL

;

see

maigistreacha 1781, 1896.

maille
with,
together
ivith
;

m..

n-ingen
133.

441.

Perhaps

also

Mac

alia see alia.

hilimud mntlcchta 1625

1991,

macam

cJnld Gpl. 804.

macanta meek, gentle 1024, 2242. mature na macdachta adult, hingine m. 514. machtnad wonder, surprise

main wealth Apl. maini 2048.

mainistir

monastery, convent cailkch ndub 889-90.

m.

[mach ?]-tnadh menman 63 308. Cj. machtnugud. wonder, machtnugud surprise 130; r\\. raenman 1031, 1128, 1 199. Used like machtnad, q.v.
;

mainner pen, enclosure Tangadar ina maindjr ina urtim. . .

chill

1514.
is

mairg ivoe mairgnech

m. mathair 2547.
lamentation
survive

sorrow,

Gsg. mairgnighi 2177.

macraid

coll.

youth,

young men

mairim
p'.

live,

last,

pres.

Dsg. ar m. na Greige 216. madain see maidin.

mairid na teinnte sin fos' ar lasadh 1798, past subj. sg. 3

3

madra
I

dog
steward,

m.

doruis

Ifirnn

da mairedh

in

mac

sin

109

Cerberus) 854.

maer

mayor Apl. mair

prct. sg. 3 nar mair 534, 2296, JO mair in delb ... no cc>

1642.

tainic Sin

Sem

lasted 1640, in
;

maerda stately, dignified 1024. maetb sojt cpd. -sroill 917. mag m. plain Gsg. do clochuibh
in

do mair 455, 1398 mhair dia muindtir 1182 Cein mair 256.
cein

ccnar
;

2119.

caemmuighi 1554,
in

for fair;

singi

muighi

1948

1952.

Battlefield 1084, 1096-

Cpd.

maghsliabh 584.

do m. na betraying morchathrach 2143. maise beauty 12S, fo m. 1381. maisech beautiful miirgi m. 917.

maimed

GLOSSARY.
1

227

maith
1846,

good is m. do dhelbh m. do lamh 1821, ni m. in modh 1660; cert m. 1808, craidhi m. 2062, la m. do 2244, sen m. catha 1081 cennach co m. 987, iad fein do choimhed co m. 976 madh olc m. le hE. e 1925 2366.
adj.
is
; ; ;

II. conj. as, how mar do 2520. gab E. nert ar E. 1033, dorug buidechus ris mar do marbh Mar budh e mian as if 2292. 1575. Mar theid ... is amlaidh

sin

496,
sin

mar thurnas ...

;

is

mar

do thurn 2103 2048, Ar son mar because 2244-5.

1596, 2587.
Cf. amlaid.

2 maith subst. good, good thing, deed adubhairt in m. sin ris

With

rel.

who

thus

praised

him

922,

form of verb where ma.v a roibe ben F.

part,
;

and dep.

medaigh[th]er gach m. let 1824, gurub mo do m. doroine E.

2019.

maithe, maithi
700, 2371.

pi.

nobles,

lords

See ard-.

835 1437. 2107. mara, marannaib see muir. con marb dead 1511, 2496; torchair m. gan anmain 734 roba marbh died 1605, 1869
;
;

maithe m

forgiveness

Asg,

ni.

1725;

2167,

2349;

mortally

n-anacail 1308.

maithes property, riches Asg. 832, Dsg. cona maithis 38, maithes
2368, Gsg. ilimud maithesa 920,
1897.

malach- -browed -dubh browed 510, 929.

malairt

dark-

See Ian-. wounded 2283. marbaim kill pres. nach marbunn 2312, condit. ni muirbfedh 208, pret. ro, do marbhus 2215, 2223 ro, do marbh 888, 2292, 2550 ro marbsat 102, 386, do marbudar 742, 1753, pass, ro, do marbhadh 911, 2127, vn.
;

destroying, injuring, slaying 1012, 2043, gan m. 1061, dia dia m. mor[mar ?]-\

marbhadh

855, 2202, Gsg.

mo

rnarbtha 2470, 2472. luath-, mor-.

See Ian-,

bhadh 868

mughudh

611,

10O4, ac m. dia m. -]

-\

ic

marmail,
dia
1963.

-nil

Gsg.

marble 1379,

micorughudh 1691.
mall slow CO m. 2098. maliacht curse dobheV-sa
duit 2459.

mathair
1051,

mother
V.sg.

Xsg.

mathair
2382,

2247,

Asg.

mo mh.

Gsg.

mathar

man
mar
.
.

see im.
I.
.

mathair maithrech

649, Dsg. ina clo'nni 2457, Gpl.

{of cows) 1973. bear 1289.
sg.
i

a) like, like to ri prep. mar missi 1661, mar gach

mathgamain

me

ainmidi

1909,

mar

2318.

pers. pron. fein 2248

;

/,

me me
:

with
is

Mar an cedna likewise 1007. Mar sin in that way, thus, so Mar aen re together 1 170, 2052.
with,
as,

me

ro

gabh 999,
.

is copula fer innarbtha

athach
Isini

me

1663.

Inti.xed

see

aen.

b)

as

(serving

eolach 974, atamcomnaicc See misc. 1300, romnug 1301.

tucadh E. mar ainm mar aran mac 96, delbha comartha 1454; 1100, 1C29,
etc.)
.

meblach treacherous 701.

med amount,
179
;

quantity, size (plens 577, 1693, 2070) for m. a choirp

mar
2250.

banccile

to

wife

1921

244, Is

mor do m. 1846

See

also

88 1,

235,3,

m. gradha a

mna

laiss 42.

228
medaigim
1S24
;

GLOSSARY
increase
ipv.

pass.
let

1470.

But note
lais
to

roba mense

medaigli[th]cr gach
prct.
11

rraith

marcc
thought
.i.

co

claifedh

E.

10

medaigh
pass.

a
10

menma

36;

1730,

zgg; 1955. Meanmarc smuainead, Arch, i 59 no.

bold na milidh mera do ridiribh m. 1493. Cpds.

meduighcd a cli'i 547, vn. mediighudh mcnman 1399.

medair joy, merriment 621.

479-

mer

swift,

8 10,

med6n middle
1276.

ina m. [of a lake)

-calma

921,

1514,

-menmach
Apl.
(sg. ?)

Waist m. calma 770; See cert-, cidirmcdon. 1323. meide neck Dpi. as meidibh miled
893-

1065, 2007.

mera mayor,
dorindcdh
1642.
.

official
. .

mera

la

hE.

meinic see minic.

merdanta
standard

bold,

courageous Ri m.
i

meirge

hammer,

Nsg.

1449.
2

Et. Celt,
iii

80.9,

81.3.
2.9.

Asg. merge 380, Apl. meirgedha 2108. meirrlech robber, villain Gpl. 2317, meirgi 917,
1475,

Tim.

4.

Luc. Fid.

2350, Dpi. dona mcirrlcchaibh

23 1 Q.
meirtnige fatigue,
nieirtnighi
1

weariness

gau m.

merugud wandering, confusion ar m. 756. mes calculating Gsg. lucht airdmcsa 59. i m. in the 1 mesc in phrase
1
:

745.

meisnech courage do ina muindtir 1702.

muilli 1745.

chuir

midst of ina m. 866, a m. mo muindtiri 1003, a m. na slogh 12 10, na n-ainminti

middle,
1953I

melaim grind condit. co melfaidis

mellad deceiving Gsg. a ndoigh a mellta 457.

With

707, a

a m. in catha sg. m. na teinedh 1999.

:

2 mesc

mixed, confused -buaidhredli 1528.

ro-lin

cpd.

memoratiua ars m. 971. menma mind Nsg. do buaidredh

mesca drunkenness
i-'it

m.

377-

mu menma
menman,
foluamain,

uili 2473, attributive

Gsg.
after

mescaigthe see somescaigthe.

liith,

-ugud, mian, q.v. scrudud ina menniain

16
;

machtna-l, Dsg. acca

meth decay cpd. -builli 1497. mi t. month re mi amain 2582

(..sg.

cindns
ina

miad

mis 964-3. honour in

lais

phrase
565,
1 1

nir
dis-

98,
;

432,
1

Do smuain
-\

miafdh]

considered
;

it

m. 967
171
7,

155, 2477.

Spirits,
;

honourable i68

70.
-\

courage medhair
1

913.

menma 621 menma miledh

mor-.
39. spirited,

1348.

See beg-,
bold

miadamla honour, dignity m. fo moiniuirnn 485, to m. maisi 1380 co m. with honour,

-\
;

menmach menmnach
couragecus, do ridiribh

honourably

6,

422, 518.

1043, ... -a 1493. Sec For the beg-, mer-, mor-. form ^\ithout the second see

ri

m.

mian

desire,

gach

wish 1504, 2313, m. dibh aein m. 1395,

heart's desire 530, dia

menman

ZCP

xiii

217.12, 237.9.
crich

n-ilmianaib various desires 624, ba m.. les loii 2248, do m.

;

menmarc wish, desire cusin mar m. Ics dul 978;

sceul a
1407.

mna do

clos 25

260,

1259,

GLOSSARY.
michar kind, friendly co muindterach 1219.
micheillide
rtiichur

229
if not,

mina

subj.
senses,

out

of

one's
. . .

unless With pres. mina tucthai 701 1308, With past subj. mina 2313.
; ;

frenzied na milidh 810.

miceillidi

fagbhadh 1152

marbh
acht

mina

273, 2227, roba heith febhus

:

michiall lack of sense, overboldness mesca -] miciall 577 1295.

;

michdrugud disarranging, routing dia malairt dia m. 1692. mid ^nead midh cuill 624. mignim evil-doing in m. an egoir
-] -j

na feilme were it not for 1725 mina thecmadh 1255 minbudh ed 208, munu edh 2073. Cf. ma. minca frequency o m. ro doirtsit
;

578.

1395-

mil animal Asg.

1

194.
;

minic often 1979. minigim become calm, abate pres.

rel.

mile,

-i
;

thousand m. fer 1202

after

mar miniges

in gaeth

mor

16S5

numerals

da m.
Sec

2245.

deg 1042,
ilmilte.

.11.

m. 1570.

minugud breaking into small pieces, cin m. pulverising cin brii

-j

2 mile mile leora mill 1274, lethm. 2098, da mill ar comgar 2437.
3 mile

414. 1354-

m.

soldier,

warrior

Nsg.

mirbulda miraculous delb m. 1640. mirront mirror 1635.

921 {plene 617, 2065), Asg. milidh 44 {plene), 566, Gsg. in -niiledh 1490, Dsg. -milidh 1147,
du.
320,

Npl.

810,

Gpl.

na

mirunach malicious, malevolent co misgnech m. 1483. m. 613. miscaid curse Trist morfhuath miscais Jiatred m.
-\

-]

miledh

470. Gsg. as adj. builli warrior-like warrior's,

15-

miledh 313,
See
I

menma m.

1348.

cath-, laech-, rig-, tren-.

mileta warrior-like, valorous airni miletta mnaibh 1006,

. .

misciamach ugly, ill-favoured athach niisgiamach 1028. firmiscnech hateful feruibh miscnecha 1507, co misgnech
. . . .

1483.
raise

mileta
1065.

1144,

ri

milita

emphatic form of me,

misi
1970,
is

q.v.

brisfi
.
.

ferr
.
.
.

tusa

milla (minla) gentle, amiable 510,

moighden m.
let

929.

mar na misi 1791, ri . missi 1661, Asg. 2435, is misi Affer 922 2308, acht gidh
;

millim destroy ipv. pass, milltcr

e

misi dorindi 1790.

2149, pret.

do miliedh

pass, is leis in dclbh 1641, vn.

misen bad omen, catha 2120.

ill-luck 1528,

m;

mimenma
Dsg. CO
1

milledh 2147. f. low

mithaem
spirits, dejection
-]

crime,

euil

deed

1394,

1993,
iggz.

mbron

co miinenmoin

2030, pi. See next.

mitaemanna
meb-

168.

mithaemannach
lach
cf.

evil-doing P.
Peril,
-j

min
na

smalt, fine snperl. fa mini milidh 211 See note.

m.
-]

701.

deceitful,

feall

meabal

mithaem,
275.17.

min smooth, gentle 1023, 2242, CO m. 19T, 2256. Cpd. -alainn

1378.

Fianaig. 70.5.

Guy
co

mithrocar

merciless

m.

960,

See tlaith-.

1498, 2249.

230
mitill

GLOSSARY.
mclal

Dpi.

osna

mitillibh

-gnim

373,

-marbhadh

2017,
1449,

2049.

-menma
adj.

1296,

-menmach

mo

poss.

viy

924,
:

1019.

Before vowels and /

m'ingen

-muindtir 1538, -theglach 730, See adbul-, -timccall 149.

2214, m'fir posta 2214. For the forms foil, prepp. see these. See also 4a.

699

933,

commor,
2

dos-, guasacht-, Ian-,

2 ro-, trethan-.

m6r

m6

cp\-.

of

mor
fa
is
;

greater, greatest

aran mac buidhechus

ruind

mo 97; mo na a

213;
tiubh-

much, large number comruc 324 441-2, 2531. do dhuadh 374 1071.
; ;

m. M.
. . .

1918. gurub mo 934 do maith 2019, ni mo na sc huaire o d'fagamair 2313, is innta is mo do bidh 2417.

mordalach proud, haughty m. 1065.

ri

mucha see muiche. muchad suffocating, choking

1775.

Corob moidi dodcndais 1464, ni moidi ro ansat aigi sin 1582

1870.

mudaigim kill, slaughter pres. sg. i muguighim 1305, vn. mughudh

611,
cf.

ZCP

xiii 206.6.

muiche
maidni
-soillsi

earliness co

m. na maidne
a)

moch

early cpd. na

319,

mucha
break,

1078.
defeat
-)

2255.

mod manner,

courtesy 1660.

muidim muidh
do

Ro
forra

etar locha
b)

linnti burst

modad see mog. modarda grim, surly athach m. ITS i 42.1, iii gloss., 1028.
firiu

forth 479.

ro

muidh
in

gach
475,

leth

they

broke

in

flight

Ro muigh

cath
See

166. 46,

182.355, Guy.
Celt,
i

Cf.

mothardhorca, Et.
slave, servant

roim na Gregachaibh maidm.

1434.

81.32, 87.24.

mog

Gsg.

(?)

modad

59 (note). Cf. Eriu v 166.46. moigden girl, maiden 929, 1109, Dsg. don moighdin 11 23, Gpl. do 2218, Dpi. moighden

muige see mag. muilenn mill Npl. muilli 1745. ar m. on muin back in phrase top of, over ro luidh fora m. 793, ar m. an luicc across the
:

maighdinibh uaisle 1933.

molaim praise pret. ro mol 421, 1620 do moladar 107, 1896,

;

2025, 2163. place 1979 muindter people, men, followers muinnter 1735, 1800. NAsg.
;

466,

1190,

Gsg.
-ir

-iri

ro molsat 486. mong mane, hair cpds. -orniamac 510, -buidhi 514.
1

2409. Dsg.

1227.

1003, -e See i mor.

muindterach friendly, kind 1024,

1219.

mor
2325

great,

large
e.g.

of vcrjly. 621,

wide
1359,

application,
;

muinel neck Apl. muintl 829. muir m. and f. sea Asg. 1376,
Dsg. ar m. 1185, fon m. 897,
in mara 307, 1518, na m. 914. 1634, Dpi. do marann-

na Magionda jNIoire 923, in tsrotha moir 27, co mimenmoin moir 1169, tennala mora O Co m. 739, 781. 1772. beg CO m. 1936. Cpds. -adbul
714, -aicenntach 1044, -chathrach 2143. -dalach see infra.

Gsg.

aibh 1525.
muiride
pertaining
to

the

sea

bledhmil muirida 1289, muiridhi

^557'

GLOSSARY
muirn

231

miadhamla affection mormuirnn honouy and acclaim

-]

nach cinnfedh 311; ni facaidh aonni nach boinfedh ... he

. . .

485.

mullach top, summit ar m. sleibhi 9S3, do m. na cathrach 1405, a m. a lethochta 2278. See aid-, fir-, fosmuUach. munad teaching, in sosar do m. 187, ag munudh gaiscid doibh
1371-

nach cncathair 1343 innti 2030 rugadh a chorp o nar fhcd 1 1 r uair nar fedsad
843
; ;

tri huaire 2183 lamhsatt 1346; is

;

[sjuaill

nar nar
fuib

trascradh 1325
24G7.
di
b)

mar nach
2
:

Neg. of

munu
mur

see

mina.
{of
city)

nar
tar

narb ail le mair in

cf.

an fochtais 932, da fechain

t-athach

2296
.

m. na cathrach 1494, Apl. muir 909, Dpi. re muraibh 2193. do murthaibh 1493. Cpd. -liag
wall
1752, 2025.

(But
3 CO

IGT
:

7.Z).

c)
.

(a)

atpertsat

Neg. of nar

tharaill23o; 408,1465; adubhradar-san nach rachadh 707

;

See ard-.

i860, 2560.
(b)
:

teit

Neg. after 3 co conar fhed 83, connach innus nar 1253; 246;
d)
e)

N
-nin
rel.
:

fhagaibh8i3; 1718.
dechdais 492.
f)

conach
nach,

sul nar fagaibh

:

part,

used as archaism
1301,

1052.

g)

With copula

romnug

ronortsat

nar, narb, conar, conarba, naba,

1496.
1

na dena na not neg. with ipv. na hob 1164, na heirgedh 879

:
;

2 nach

nabudh, see is. any cin bhaidh 623.

2,

nach

n-uiress-

1382 2134, 2450. 2 ha nor after negative verbs 164,

;

naid see

3 na.

1 1

16,

2454.
adj.
:

poss.

a
;

hurecla

1254

With following huaman na With 1800.

:

naide (Perh. f. at 112, but reading doubtful, see note) infant Gsg. (?) -naighen 112, Dsg. ina
na(e)idin 209, 2330, du. ia naidhin 99, 102.

da

plural nouns occasionally naid See catha naid ceda 310-11.

no.

naidmim
pass,
fris

bind,

maryy
n.

(trans.) pret.

ro

naidhmedh
ro

in

inghen
P.
i
I.

3 na

than

after

roba
2425.
230.
:

mo

comparatives na sin 213 1769,

;
:

347,

didiu

568.

nan ri With article With pi. noun sometimes

. .
.
;

naimdemail
n.

hostile

239,

comruc
naira-

2000.
10

da
r,

nathraigh

naid nir luaithi naid srotha 892 1733, 2183, inaid

1531.

demla
24551

Yole
hostile

naimdemail
io58,

With following pronoun

;

naimdige,

-i

ind

nas e 848
2207.

1030, 2097, nas

With
:

omission
;

of

athaigh n. 1234, cath n. 1035, torathar n. 1233, co nertmar

n. 13352 naimdige hostility naimdigi 391.

pronoun
she 5,
1

nas 535 innas 232.

part.,

inas than

nach neg.
a)

in
:

pret.

nar.

nair see

nar.

In

rel.

clauses
;

an
.

ti
.

nach
.

naire shame

1135.

tabhradh 200

catha

ar

naithir see nathair.

232

GLOSSARY
Nsg. 2249, Dsg. ina
41.

nama meviy
1530.
1

nem

heaven Gsg. Dia nime 332

heavenly,

namait 2456, Dpi. naimdib

2461, 2536.

nemaige
(k'itliibh

divine

lio

nir shaniiful is nar dib-si 700, roho nair le hE. 2011.

i

nemaigi 1784. nemarsaid new, fresh urrluighi nua

2 nar see

nacli.

nas see 3 na. nathair f. serpe>ti Nsg. in

nemharrsaigh 1694. nemcharthanach unloving,

[n]aitliir

fierce
.
.

naimdigi
n.
n.

n.

1068,

cath

luime 253,
(neimhe)

dii. in

da nathraigh
2550,
pi.

1055, Yole n. n. 2455.

100,

209,

nathracha 104, 107.

-ne emphasising pron. of
pi.
i
:

nemeglach /e>'/ess 817. nemni nothing rachas

neimfni 2247.

ar

atamaid-ne

1532,

Cuirfeam-ne

nemsanntach unwilling,
biiilli

reluctant

1950, d'fagamair-ne 2315. linne 670, duinne prepositions 697, oirne 1477, oniinde 1768.
:

With

n.

1013.

neoch

see nech.

neoill see nell.

nech someone, anyone Dsg. neoch .515, 1 231, nech 620, 1928, 2280. doaing ... do neoch 2466 nir indis do neoch e 515 aennech 620, 1945 ar gach anybody 449, see aen nech 2480 nech aile anybody
T231
; ; ;

nert strength, power,

might Nsg.

Roba

341, 2399, nirt 343, Asg. nert 502, Gsg. dichill a neirt 189,

a ndeiredh a

n. 755 2400, Do gab Dsg. la nert gae 274. E. nert ar A. overcame 1033,
;

a[g]

gabail

neirt

conquering,

16. Cid be don 565; cinedh daona nech do rachadh

else
1 1

gaining
Is

mor

1115-6, 1834. a[n] nert aingidhechta

power

249; 1291; 1284 (note); ingina ... do neoch nach facaidh tii

2524.
418.

Cpds. -beim 601, -glac See ard-, fir-.

526;

1310.

neim

f.

poison, venom Nsg. 2294,

Dsg. la n. a chrecht 424, Gsg. boladh na neimi 2494, as adj.

poisonous, venomous
:

nertaigim strengthen pret. sg. 2 do nertaigis na fainn 427, sg. 3 gur nerta[igh lu ?]cht a ceirt
2374-

gum

nertmairecht strength 11 21.

nert mar

n.

2490, ilpiasta n. 2472, nathair n. see nathair, ola n. 2493.

neim-

see

nem-

powerful 239, 2000, co n. 1335. PI. 771, 2187. See bith-, borb-, brath-, comnertmar, cruaid-,
strong,
n.

comrucc

sorrowing hie iKjmn. 1270, truaghn. 1616. neimnech venomous, deadly beimennaib -a 2187, cetha -a

neimeile

sorrow,

oil-,

sar-,

tren-,

trom-.
ti

nesa
1 ni

cp\-.
;

nearest in

roba n.
ni

do 194
not

I935. 702,
1

caemairm 2183, comruc

firneinmech 1600.
nell cloud
.
.

haitlienntaigi nir 1 89, 775.

159, 181 7.

2468;

In pret. But with certain

na Xsg. duibnell haidhchi 161 1, Npl. neoill 436, Dpi. nelluibh 1926. Swoon,
.

verbs ni
449,
fess

ni bui 5, dechaidh derna 2055, facaid 845, 66, fuair 1800 (fhuair 11 92),
:

Jainting-fit

taisi

tromnell

2429

1497.

raibhc 29, rue 284, tarrla 1287 (tharla 1340), therna 2191, tuc

GLOSSARY.
2453.
1709,
nir

233
bare,

With pass, hobadh

nir

fedadh

nocht

naked

cloidemh

n.

diultadh 2393,

2224, nir ni ro bualadh

1445, airm -a 2471.

1345
1

ni

61 3.

tucadh 934, ni fedadh With copula ni, nir,

is.

nochtaim lay bare, draw [sword) pret. sg. 3 do nocht a lann 885. n6s fame ardnos 498, 2079.

nirb, nirba, nirbo see

See

nua new recht

n. fresh 1694. fin 624.

n.

na, nach, mina, 2 uair.

-"^s

iio6. urrluighi nua subst.

:

2 ni thing, anything cred in ni ro fhoirfedh iat 438, in ni sin 453,

nuachar
Gsg.
530.

spouse,

gach ni bus toil let 1769, ni binn Hum ni da cluinim 2472see cumgaim. Aenni any3
;

mo

mate, husband rogha nuachair 525

;

thing, see aen.

C/. ani.

O
Vsg.

nia

m.

warrior,

hero

a
1 6

thrennia

184,

523,

Gsg.

167,

from With

pers. pron.
;

uaim
925,
;

Dsg.
1343.

1477.

Cpd.

niathbeim

1918,

uaid
uaithi

buaim 1122 uadha 186;

;

uait

1124

f.

niam brightness Cpd. -aille 502. niamda bright mongorniamae 510.

niata warrior-like, fierce 239, cath
n.

690 buain[n] 1528, buaibh 1847 1533, uaind 258

; ;

uathadh 995,
adj.

2 118.
;

With
:

poss.

ot

1055, 1427.
(-i- ?)

527

577,

1039.

With

article

nldechas

prowess,
189.

valour

ona 43, on 1533,

ona 1551.
a)

Gsg. nidechuis
nir see
i ni.

With
etc.
;

verbs

of

motion
off

going,

escaping,

carrying

nirt see nert.

no prefix of condit.
16
;

from,
:

no gebadh
446,
530. 463.

Dorugadar D. o E.

2341

701, fuadach 2276, car

198,

251,

395,

With
n6
or

pret.
i

nocunnuicc
ro.

ghabh E. uathadh 1713, impogh on tsliabh 1755, imthigim 753,

imthecht
.

See 2 do,

o E. escape 2022, 55 1,

do milidh no do laech 135 ar ais no ar eigin 1296, 1996 846 (ar ais na ar eigin 1861) see 2 ais dena dam na heladhna ... no dobher-sa 1020 1415, Omitted in madh olc 2488. maith le hE. e 1925. Twice
;

teigim 984, 191 8, teithim 1533,

tigim
126,
1

tegar

ona

guasachtaibh 2325, ro thogaibh o thalmain e 2403. b) With

various verbs denoting separation comfhurtacht on eigin 1066,
e Ro dhin budhein on nertbeim 293, ro glan a rose ona deruibh 2075, innarbadh uadha 888, do scarsat o cheile
. . .

written

pLene

after
. . .

negative
d'iaraidh
;

verb
tire

Na heirgedh

no talman 1383 1441. Hence no 159, 849 but nd 233, 1288, 1744, though na is
;
:

988, ternaigim 1697, testa 968. ba hogh[s]lan Note also

:

No generally written plene. CO till. no co a) with pret.

ranicc 56o
witli subj.
1 1
;

ona othrus 1039, a comthrom do dhergor uaind orra 258

;

1076,

2107.

b)
;

no co fagair 682

70,

1827.

683. c) Personal forms referring ro aithin to a pi'eceding vb. se E. uadha in the distance
:

23 \
2273
;

GLOSSARY.
2332, do chuir techta Ro fhagaibh 1622,
ccirt
.

iiadha

laechlorg
2
1

In tautological phrases, in sust 1074 -\

14.

e.g.
;

in

1547,
:

comhedaidhi
fein

uadha
of

1880.

d)

With verbs
etc.

gan

With gan 1 is not used mnai gan banceile 687

:

getting,

obtaining,

buaidh

... do
geall
. .

bhroith o 328, doni^

.

ii. Introducing a circum804. stantial clause t he ac sir-

987,
.
.
.

122,

dogeibim 2551. ro bui imarcraigh

bualadh 411
bui uair cle
misi 2435.
Is
16

i99f.
1

2136,

ro

ni

t[hreic ?]fea

ac F. o E. 340. c) With verbs denoting birth ni uait-si

ro gcincdh 114, nach uatha ro Note also tuismedh he 169.
:

Continuing amlaidh:
fil

amlaidh

sidhe

-]

lama

1236; adubhairt
2286.
iii.

1649,
-\

1748;

is

a.
;

rothogaib

806

Patrone

on

Galinnse

f) Denoting the ro dailedh o biiidh instrument iat 574, Ba halacht

:

230S. agent, the

tarrla

da

ceile e t E.
]

872,

ar

aenslighi

dias

derbrathar
[cath
?]

1458,
ceile
-j

tugadar
A. they and
;

da

Alccamena o lubiter 67
roba derg in talam. o

fuil

1783 i68g

A. gave

battle to

each other 731

tanicc fon cath

...

gach aen
iv.
.

577, 963, 2245, ot urscelaib do clos 527, ona chrothadh 1670. g) In adverbial and prepositional

dar theith
iar
I.

leis 1737. ar E. a oirnemh

Ro
.

-\

nar miadh
that.
1
;

leis etc. since,

seeing
;

phrases

On
the

uair

fo

ndechatar from
861
sin
;

time

that
;

o tus in domhain 775

708, 1958 (note) 565 v. After husa 1947. tuilledh t. 1 da ced 1491.
ni
:

beg CO mor 1936;

1157;

vi. idir
. . .

-\

both

and
:

2290, 2408. 2 6 conj. since, because is fada o o ro erus 2519 (note) 2315
; ;

amach

see idir.

vii.

In phrase

gid edh fos 1661, 1709, cf. dia viii. Note also 2106.
1
:

airigh se e fein
;

marbh 2283
;

ndoirtitis fuil duine

nar fhed 1 1 1 300, 408 o nach facadar cobhair cuca 1440.

Cf. 2 uair.

idhbuirt

439
.

Is
-]

deithibh
deitliibh

diablaidhi

ni

ho

nemaigi 1784.
sg.

obaim
irgail

refuse ipv.

na hob

ofrail see othrail.

1164,

pret.

hobadh
lenge)

sin lium-sa

nir pass, {of a chal-

6g young
928.

gilla

occ 308, rigan og

ni
raibi

As
. . .

subst.

do

2224.

obann sudden co hobunn 1094,

2069.

Ghregaibh og na sen 164, ag arrsaidh 23S0. malairt 6g

-]

Cpds. oigrighan 570, ogtigherna

537ogal see ogla.

oc see ag.

6cc see 6g. ocht eight 623, 2047. ochta see ucht. ocus and (not written plene, et In addition to its 2048).

ogbaid

f.

coll.

an ogbuidh

youth, young inen ule 539.

ordinary use as conjunction with words and sentences the i. following may be noted
:

Ogla angry, fierce cath o. 945, CO ho. 1854; ogulborb 1328. oglach m. warrior Nsg. 922, 9S2,
1

456.

Synonymous with sguiger

Servant 2438, 2555.

2423.

GLOSSARY.
dgslan sound,
recovered
.

235
destroying,

[aftev
.
.

oirrlech

slaughtering

illness)

ba hogh[s]lan

ona

ag
ola
f.

o.

1695.

othrus 1038.
oidche see aidchc.
oide,
-i

oil,

ointment ola in ghradha

2285, an ola ncimi 2493, Dpi.

fosterfather (of

Hercules'

lo

fosterfather Craidon) 130, 256.

olann
1

holuibh slcabnaigthecha 2391. ivool Dsg. oluind 227-8.

bad,
I.

2573oided see eg.

1 oige youthfulness 179. 2 oige virginity Gsg. a[c] cunnmail

olc

evil

18S0,

1987
olc

rob

olc la

sin 30,
;

madh

maith

Ic liE. e 1925 1993. 2 olc badness, evil thing, deed 860,

a n-oighi
528.
oilen

a ngenmnuidechta

m. island NAsg. 232, 682, 2555, Dsg. 280 a(i)len 227.

;

olc Gsg. fis ccch uilc 863 difuluing 1260, corob trina olcc fein do torchuir C. 2036 2468,
;

2520
olcach

(?).

247; Gsg. oilein 2330, 2553. ind aleiii 233. O. na Caerach Corcra 372, 1000.
oilim
nourish,
?)

evil, harmful na beiste buanolcuighi 1232, beimennaibh

buanolcacha bais 1429.

olchena see archena.
ollnertmar very strong imbualadh
. . .

rear 4)ret.
. .

sg.

3
;

(pass.

ron alt

he 118

ro hoiledh 124.
Oilithre pilgrimage dul dia hoilithri

o.

406.

on

that in

phrase

deifir on, see

deifir.

75.

Oinech (enech) face

to

o. fri ho.

face
:

face 320.

for

Dpi. in phrase inchaib in front of foran

. .
.

onchu wolf, hero Gsg. a ainbfine onchon 1347. 1 or m. gold Nsg. 2049, Dsg. d'or
aithleghtha 1444. d'or bruindti 1816; Gsg. oir 804. 1225; oir 1452, na hubla delbh
. . .

mbeinn
399.
for
i.

ro bui fora
:

But

279 dorad bedhg de

i.
;

Filoces
beside

at

356
?

near,

(the

412 context
; ;

oir 252

248.
;

Cpd. mongorsee derg-.

demands

niamae 510
2 or see 2 uair.

behind) 587

6ir see 2 uair.

oirdnim ordain, knight pret. pass. Ro hoirdnedh . . E. a ngraduibh ridirechta 546, vn. oirdnedh
.

ord hammer, sledge

1249.

o. fri

hurrhiigi

565, oirnemh oirnide i.

364

ri

uasal

orda piece Adu. da orduin 886. orda golden in croicenn orda the Golden Fleece 906 898, 2576.
;

oirechtas assembly Gsg. deisi oirechtais 2076, locc .

.

ordaigim
. .
. . .

order,
.

o.

ordaigh 1098 1468, 2033

. ;

command ro dealb do denum

;

ro o.

2387.
oired amount, quantity in o.
1

sin

cedna

ro o. a fuath fein 1636 ... a colun dibh 1380; don

;

36 1.

tempull ro

oiregda noble
builli o.

arm
.

o.

1245,
o.

o. fein do denum ar Euander ordered E. to make

1058, dremiri arda

. .

2193, egluis
. .

o.

1445,

2539. ordlach inch Gsg. edh n-ordlaigh

see 2 ed.

o. 2232. airdimpir oirnem, oirnide see oirdnim.

.

orgaim

see ortaim.

236
organ
a

GLOSSARY.
(musical)

instrument Apl.

palas m. palace Asg. pallas 62

n-organa furfhogartha 157.

(from
pres.
t-pret.
i

Gsg.

docum an
p.
;

palais

989,

ortaim
kill

of

orgaid)

ndorus an
992 m. peler
p.

990,

teglach in

sg.

ortaim

1305,

Dsg.

isin palas 1014.

pret. sg. I ro ortas 1309, sg. 3 ro ort 1253. In pret. pass. ivas killed, died sg. 3 coro ort

pillar,

stake
.

peler
.

poinnighi primarrachta

de

de 589
1496.

1355,

pi.

3 CO ronortsat

OS deer 2501. 6s
lias

838-9 (note). Guy. plan punishment, penalty, torture Gsg. amail cosmailius peine Ifirnn 1996. Dsg. fo pein a
. . .

above.

Both

spellings

n-anma 2237
p.

2479.
p.

frequent, but the only ex. of uas after 584 is at 1683. With

pianad torturing dia

841.

796,

ac

pron. uassad 383.

With

poss.

piast serpent, reptile Nsg. piast 103,

adj. uasa, osa 477, 1100. art. osna 1568, 2049.

With
a)

In

piccoid

Npl. ilpiasta 2471, 2525. pick, mattock Dpi.

.
. .

aenle

concrete sense above ro thogaibh

conuir

iarna

denum

uasa gualaind e 357 477, uassad hi crand 383 1073 amail sigi gaithi uas maghsliabh
. . . ; ;
;

piccoidib 636.
pilaid

palace Apl.

pilaidi

rigdha

roaille 1806.

584
b)

uas ceannaibh na curadh

pogaim
518.

kiss pret. pi. 3 ro pocsat

1683.

See cenn, clu, inn, ur. In abstract sense excelling

. . .

Mar theid in finemhain uas chrannaibh na cruinne, is amlaid

sin

poig kiss Nsg. poicc do thabhairt d'E. 877, Asg. poic 521.

poinnige
poinnigi

powerful
1378,

(?)

Colun
p.

docuaid E.

os fheruib
ff.

in

talman 496

ff.

524, 2049

osad

m.

cessation,

pause,
;

truce

83S, teghlach p. 811, do comruicc ... CO poindi^hi 2164. See

peler

urluidhi cen osudh 316 tairnic in t-osadh 1035. Cf. comosad.

Guy,

gloss.

poll hole, nostril

Dsg. in gach poll Nsg.

oslaigim
osluic

open

pret.

sg.

ro

da shroin 766.
port
port,

harbour

seinistir

11 67,

vn.

enpurt

oslugudh 2137, foslughudh 1469. othras sickness Dsg. 1039.

othrail offering, sacrifice Gsg.

lanbeg luingi 634, Gsg. acdhiacht puirt 902, cois cuain

-]

do

cala(i)dh-puirt

2304,

Dsg.

denum

othrala d'Apaill 2479.

port (purt) na Trae 378, 901, a purt na cathrach 1534.

posaim
i

marry

pret.

sg.

do

posais 2458, pass, do posadh ris

1

(?)

141, va. fer posta 2073, 2214, ben fosta (phosta) 1106, cf.

pailis

palisade

Dsg.

asin

pailis

comdhaingin claraigh 2169.

pairt pari, piece Dpi. a n-ilpairtibh

prap

Firotes 835. CO p. quickly

-2493-

362,

1726,

354pais

Passion

Gsg.

tar

eis

paisi

pras brass Gsg. colun prais 1378, fuata p. 1887.

Crist 1640.

prem

root Dpi.

premuib 2531.

GLOSSARY.
prim
chief,

237
51
;

best

Only

in

cpds.
:

fria
riii

rind 1527
friu

rib 1848

(generally

with

alliteration)

1677,
adj.

1408.

With
2218
;

-arrachta

811, -coisceim 195, -daingin 62, -dana 2165, -luath

poss.

rem

1419,

rena

1425, -urlumh 1726.

prinnsa prince Gsg.

proinnse
f.

1990.

1852, re 325, 998, 2315 (possibly also 1560, 1868), ria Reroile 1243, fria 465, 1243.

province Dsg. a proinnsi

1586,

friaroile

366.
risi

Rel.

re

ele 1813 (innti 1814).

n-abarr 1373, 2590,

article

n-abarr
W'ith

pubul tent piipul 1761. purt see port.

126, rer comruic 1141.

:

risin 1432, frisin

1340

risna 937, 1121.

a)

Of

place.
at, etc.

r.

Towards,

na shesam frisin crann 410, ro an ina certsesam

against,

rachaid etc. see teigim. racht see i rccht.

fris

Ro
fai[gh]dis
-\

radarc

sight,

eyes

da
a

fri hoinech 320, eirigh ferg na ndee rind 1527, re ones next his skin 998,

350, oinech

radharc
r.

fair
;

1839, a rose
ruisc

a a
;

Dia

fris

1281, 1337.

2.

With

2075

Gsg.

-\

1709, edh r. 307 lotadha lanradhairc 143, dinn dorcha deghr. full-viewed 154

radhairc

verbs of motion along ag dul re fantaibh {stream) 891 2517.

;

3.

Mar aen
:

re see aen.

b)

Of

time

re diu lae 1940, in

-]

gach

dor. 1779. rad, raid see adeirim. raen way, track co nderna

eigindal

raen
;

... da
raen
. .

deis
.

-]

da

cli

1211

ina

rethai

1292.

rainig see rigim.

fri gach airsidecht 1350; re mi amain 2582 1194, in phrases with athaid, 2020 comre, fed, i re, sel, q.v. c) After various nouns and adjj. coimmess 185, cubuidh 2451,
;
; :

rann heavenly body Dpi. osna hairdfannaibh 2049 (note).

T2tXhm2ir fortunate, gracious
r.

fala

righan

653.

1870, a ngill rena fuaslugudh 2312, incomhluind 1851, taebh re trust in 2522. d) After verbs in various idioms

(?)

chuirsit

do rathnachus guarantee (?) Dia nime a r. imbesidhe 333, in caingen cona r.

358.

implying in general contact adeirim say to, call [a with

:

name)
beirim

920,

1373,

2152,
re

(do-)

buidechus
throw
at,

1257,
forth

rathugud perceiving, noticing gan

r.

caithim

put

unnoticed
lifetime,

1,3.

[strength, etc.) against 405, 2103,

re

period,

while re re

canaim 1259, cathaigim 2324,

coibligim 51, comraicim 2165, cosaid 1397, see dognim (/),

mis 1032,
2071
time,
;

re re cethri

mbliadhan
during that
1196,
etc.
;

frisin re sin
for

that period 55,

2129. 2 re towards 891 etc.,

erbaim 1762, feraim 813, 1018, see gabaim, iarraim 1876, leigim
reveal

fri

320
ris

998,
548,

lesugud

14 15,

With
rit
iris

pcrs.

pron.

rium 1003
;

naidmim

posaim

1141,

1301,

frit
;

185

1808,

1916

f.

re 2558, ria 1626,

scaraim 1827, tarrla 1288. e) W^ith vn. expresses purpose

238
fri

GLOSSARY
siledh
:

also
re

note 257 1247 CO mbciredh sc ar ];.

; ;

glaccudh

1675,

ro

bui

re
;

613. b) ever a ndoronc riam all he had ever done 326 1 268, comrucc fa calma ro tharaill
;

slad

was

2516.

f)

occupied in 2217 In prepositional

J^iini

phrases, with ais 74, cois 251J,

E. riam 762 890. c) After negative vb. never nach tarda ris riam 310 See 1768, 2207.
;
;

taeb 2297, ucht 2267,

2092.
le
{q.v.),

re

roim.
rian path, track
richt shape,
.},
r.

g)

e.g.

Sometimes replaces do cainedh

. . .

madhma
r.

form

1076. disguised as

... re goluibh 2543 72, rena daingni 09 1. Note also on account of 644 598 {see
e
1
;
:

38.

ridire

m. knight 758,

1508,

Dpi.

ridiribh 1932.
ridirecht knighthood Gsg. a ngrad-

2 ar).

3 re see roim.
1

recht (racht)

fit,

outburst, fury

uibh ridircchta 546. rigacht See rigdacht.

rigain this
f.

cpds. -aigeanntach 1557, robhurta -fhcirge 301.

queen 695.

ex.

NAsg.
2204
;

Except for always rlgau

574,
11 37.

2 recht law 1101. 1105.

redla
star
.

65, 819,

Gsg. rigna 570,

retla
.

maidne
334-5.

furfogartha na do retlannaibh

1266,

Dsg.

rigain

Npl. -righna 528, Dpi. righnuibh II 21. See ard-, 6g-.

rigda royal halla r. 1806.
r.

reime see roim.

reimes lifetime ina with him 847
;

2168, pilaidi

r.

contemporary
lO.

1 1

rigdacht
1051,

f.

kingdom 2251, righacht

Gsg.

(?)

reimorach 288
-\

(note).

reliqua

r.

=- et cetera 372, 1388,

-a 2261 ; 924, kingship do threigib righachta

1643.

968.
thick
pi.

remar
771.

fat,

-remra 572,

rige

f.

forearm Gsg. na righedh

righi

See cnaim-, corp-, crob-,

cle 352.

glac-, seng-.

rige
1

sovereignly
101,
r.

na

l^ibia
r.
-]

renn

see

note to 2049.
1313
(see

in

domhun
;

11 19,

repiticion

note).

rocennus 1139
490,
1

1831.

Kingdotn
sg.
r.

retla see redla.

ri

215.

See Ian-.
attain
a)
is

m. king Xsg. 1069, Asg. 2315, Gsg. rig 699, Dsg. 1357, Du. in da ri sin 1067, Npl. rigthi
1767,

rigim

reach,
:

pret.

3
in
r.

rainic

ni

cian do

tan 1209,
fuin na

inbechtain
co

ma

Gpl.
1093.
silent

righ

1453,

Dpi.

himagallma 1320.
:

b)

rigaibh

The
is

guttural
frec|uently

With
CO
d)
r.

accus.

being

ndee 76;

omitted or misplaced, e.g. 441, Cpds. -damhna 706, 1067. See caem-, 1 1 73, -mile 466.
ard-.

tempall na Wiih co : CO cuan M. 660 1654.

r.

801.

c)

sa catraigh 47. r. don cathe) Vn. riachtain See 1261. raigh sin 1227;
i
:

With

r.

riachtain see rigim.

coruigi, roichim.
rigin

riam ad% ,
coiblidhi

a) before,

re

formerly iar riam 64, amail

tough

le

clodhuibh cadad-

righne 637.
rignaide queenly righnaigi 511.

atpertamar

riam

329

269,

GLOSSARY.
rim enumerating 1613.
rinn point rind 455.
ris, rit, etc. see

2J9'
1930.
286.
conic
to

san Y. do roguin

PI.

do roighnc laech
roichim
reach,

2 re.

attain,

rithim run pret. sg. 3 do (ro) rith vn. ina rith 1091, 2096, 2282
;

rethai 2516, Gsg. ina raen 1293, le luas a retha see luas.
.

impf. sg. 3 ni roichedh a nirt fcin a n-aonbeim 343. Vn. rochtain tabhram dubhru:

athar

ro })refix of pret. (O. Ir. perf.), in simple verbs much more

socrachta
1

294

da r. 1479 iar r. na do E. 349 1280, CO rochtain do E. cuigi

. . ; ;

frequent
1

than

do,

q.v.

ra

299.

Occasionally with condit.

312. Subj. pres. in phrase CO ro so till now 1768, 1993.

Cf. rigim.

330, 438, 696,

and once with

hoiledh 124 elision before
;

impf. 1979.
1903, 2037.

Ro No
f

roigne see roga.

roira before

The simple form

re n-

vowels
infra).

and
1361.
2

[cf.

do

and
do-

does

ncjt

occur, being replaced

Note,

however,
in

radhne
replaces

Occasionally

do

compound
344,

sg. 3 roim 852, 1049, etc., roime in comrucc 359. With roime pers. pron. romum 2226

by

verbs
roclos

rocunnaicc
2417.

609,
-r

1915, re(i)me 24, 1726, riam

;

-}

Becontes

in

combination
icles,
1

with prec.
i

partge,

iarum 475 roimpi 75, 689 romhuind 1530 rempu 584,

;

see
I

2 a,

ca,

3 co,

nach,

ni

combines

also

with prepositions [q.v.) in rel. is an integral part of clauses the pret. (O. Ir. perf.) of certain
;

rempa 1652, rompa 709. With poss. adj. roim n-a 2098. a) Of time roime in comrucc
:

359,

roime

sin

before

that,

Jormerly 1399, 2272, 2413.

b)

beirim, dognim, is also ataim, where the old pret. occurs in the (i.e. without ro)
verbs,
;

see

earlier part of the text.

2 ro

intens.

prefi.x

(with

nouns

and adjectives)
alliteration
:

loo, great, very,

Pronominal forms referring to the subject with verbs of motion forward, on, ahead docuaidh roime 905 2. At the head of 1899, 2410. e fein roim an dara corughudh
1.
;

Of space.

but frequently used merely for

-airemh
-arrachta
1613,
1293, -cennus 11 39, -daine 1357, -iada 121 1, -maith 802, -Ihairsing
-alainn

512,

Ahead of 3. 584. 1049 roime 195 primjoisceim do chuir techta 'S>22, 2098 In various roime 1653. 4. duine ... da other idioms
;

2242, -uasal 653. ro see roichim.

rob(ad) see
is.

-med

2010,

-mor

763,

fuair aran

conair roime

1937,

ar

lamha do chur romhuind 1530, doirrsi in dunaidh d'foslu1469, rob faiiigh

;

ghudh rempu

roburta flood r. rechtfheirge 301. rochtain see roichim.

roga chuice mo r. nuachair ^2^ r. cieh a choice do r. dibh 1924

; ;

each remhe 24 2414, ni roibhi cgla ag S. roim aonduine 852, do theith si roime 2209, Romuigh in cath roim na Gregachaibh 1434.
rola see tarrla.

horse 199,

cf.

22^2
;

ba

r.

leo

they preferred 1579

Dsg. dorug-

240
rose
eye,
;

GLOSSARY.
eyes,

sight
1
r.

1709

rose

Gsg. ruisc a radharc

2075 675

ro claen a

-537

fora righain ^sa dibh rose

saethar m. exertion, labour 1978, Gsg. la med a saethair 1690 2010.

;

saiche see saithe.

saidbir rich
164.

1345<-"P*-l. -gorm 511. ruad red tor tcnedh trithinruaidhe

saidbres riches

36 J ruainne
1

-ruagh 2535.
(single)

hair aenruainnc

1815. saide (saigid) approaching ro leic dia saidhe 380.

1''..

395. 407-

saiged see soiged.

onset,

ruathar

nisli.

attack

r.

sail

beam, club (Hercules' weapon,

Dsg.

righmilcdh -;83. don cedr. 1305, dubhr. 1478.

see liber, lorg, sab, siist),

1211.
sailim thintc, expect pret. sg. 3 do shail nach roibi 1464
. . .

mire

lord,

ruiri

noble rure 536, Xpl. 1357, Dpi. ruiribh 144.

glaiir.

ruithnech bright, shining co

775-

2503, pi.

Ro

(do)

shailedar
:

run

secret

Gsg.

uli fts a

ruin 52 j.

With vn. clause 1705, 1943. ro shail soillsi d'fhaicsin 1911

1919.

saine variety

s.

fhuatha 82, so[i]ne

cdoiraidh 321. salnnrugud see sinnrud.

-S- inf. prcn.

used as
265,

sg. 3

masc,
buail

sainnt

lust,

avarice
s.

Gsg.

dil

connus
1320.

tarla

ros

shainuti 17, cenn

saithe

swarm,

844. troop saichi 1063.

1 sa, si (after palatals),

emphasis-

ing pron. of

a) sg.

881; 1418
si
;

lem-sa 677

da faca-sa buaim;
;

saithim thrust, push, plant pret. sg. 3 ro shaith cetra colamna

1377
. .
.

1019 1123 Isim eolach-sa 974. b) sg. 2 2059 cuguddogebhair-si 681 saiii7; 2214; dod muindtir;

mo

bhreith-si

ar

1963, do saith in t-ech ro E. 2342 pass,

;

Vn. sathudh sleighi 2338, Dpi. do saittibh

saithedh
838.
406.
sal heel cpd.
1

si
1 1

1 1

18.

c)

sg. 3
pi.

f.

di-si 1150,

salchruinn 511.
pron.
sg.

70.

d)

foruib-si

679;

sain

emphasising
nir

700, 2133.

m.

2 sa
sab

see

i.

m.
:

chib,
see

staff
lorg,

(Hercules'
liber,
sail,

551. dail-sim 289.

2

fhaem-sam 490, do-sum After palatal; ina chomCf. san.

weapon,
sust)

in
s.

s.

iarnaidhe

409

sam summer cpd. -lae 40S. sam sound {of sleep) ina toirrthimh
saim suain
55.

1724, in

srainti sloigh 1205.

saegal life Gsg. -ail 251. saer noble insna secht n-eladhnaibh
. .
.

saera the seven liberal arts

;

samlaid thus, in like manner nirbo tshamlaidh do 326 417, 1363 CO mbenfadh-san dib-sein s.
; ;

1831. Cpds. -clann 893, 970 -ealadhan 156, itir -maicne daermaicne 165. As subst. mor saer ] ndaer 442.
-]
:

in the

ule

same way 276. Doronsat samlaidh they all did

as they

accordingly,

were

told

534

1085.

GLOSSARY
samthach handle
[of sword)

241
;

Gsg.

seel

a shamhtaigi 1247. san emphasising pron. a) sg. 3 do-san 213. m. dorat-san 211
;

m. story, information 90 Gsg. adhnaire in sceoil accusation 883, tri luth[gh]air

an

sceil

news 2091.
seel news,

NApl.
tidings,
. .
.

scela, Gpl.

b) pi.

do benadar-san 275
;

leo-san 336

1865.
fierce

ro fhiarfaigh
s. s.

scela

information do 80
;

sanntach eager,
473,

-leim

s. s.

bualadh 606, sathudh

s.

2339, sidhi
Superl.

303, sruth sanntaigi 21 13.

10
sh.

891.
ro

2320; sceul a mna buidhechus na sceol 1257 25 fo scelaibh 520 scela na n-edaighi an account of 224.
696,
;

1 1

24,

sanntaigim desire pret.

sanntaigh
2021.
Sar
3,

sg.

seiaeh see see.

sciath

imthecht

m.

shield

NAsg. 592, 1059,

755,

Gsg.
prefix
(adjj.

sceith

1352,

Gpl.

intensive

and

sciath 955.
scoil

nouns) very, exceeding, excelling (often for alliteration) -buidhne -calma -builleach 1074, 54,
1063, -comlunn
1

school

Dpi.

scoluibh

1370,

1374scoltad splitting ac
955s.

na sciath

113, -daingen

133, -inill 241,

-nertmur 826,

-tinol 820.

scoraim see scuirim, scornach throat Apl.

1980.

sgornacha

saraigim exceed, excel pret. sg. 3 saraidh ro 390. Outrage,

plunder

vn.

da
;

slad

-\

da
va.

sarughud

1391

2217

serechaim screech, yell pret. sg. 3 ro sgrech 402 1588, pi. 3 ro sgrechsat 1698, ro sgrechadar
;

saraighthi 1390.

1865.
pass, ro

sasaim satisfy sasadh 483.

scailim release,

pret.

scribaim
sgribh
.

-write
.
.

pret.

sg.

do

sathad see saithim.

let

loose pret.

sg.

2449, pass, do sgribhadh na briathra sin 2474, vn. a[c] sgribhadh a staire
litir

3 ro scail E. a cuibhrigi

... do

A. 876, ro
359, pi. 3

s.

de

let

him go

1830, va. sgribfa 1381. scribinn ivriting, letter 2442, 2453,

Do

sgailedar dispersed

-cnn 2436.
scribneoir scribe sgribneoir

2415scairtim scream, shout pret. sg. 3 ro scairt 1487, 1588, pi. 3 ro

scairtsit 1697.

1829.

scrisaim

destroy, do away with pret. sg. 3 ro scris a n-andlighidh 491, vn. scris 1261, sgris 2220.

scaraim part, separate nir scarsat

friaroile 366, condit. sg. 3

nach

scarf adh

cheile 988.

do scarsat o 1827 See scuirim.

;

scrudad searching, investigating acca scrudud ina menmain ac s. a n-inntlechta cindus 16

;

1785;

1892.

scarl6id

f.

scarlet

do sgarloid dirg

2089. scdth shelter ar

s. a sceith 755. see thorn-bitsh Gsg. sciach 1241.

Guy. SCUiger squire 2421-2. scuird shirt sguird do sguirdibU E. 2491-2.

scuirim
cease
sg.
s.

from,

desist

from
;

sceinnim jump,
ro sceinn 418.

start

pret.

sg.

pret.
76,

nir scuir co rainic

do

da haidhmilltibh 92

2^2
1388.

GLOSSARY.
rcrh.
also
;

do

sga'ir

sechnaim avoid impf.

pi.

do

(unharness, loose) 721

or from

scaraim
sd- sec st-.
1 se

Or

leg. sgail ?

scchnaidis 1639, pret. sg. 3 ro sechain 1436, vn. ag sechna

1009.

sechnoin throughout
pron. of 3rd. pcrs.
se,
f.

s.

na Greigc
226,
s.

a) Sg. 3
i.

m.

si,

pi.
:

siat.

As

132,

s.

in

domhun
s.

in

647, 2509. subject of verb ar Siat occurs only after ar ii. siat Occasionally 1768. (beside e, i) in the construction
: :

catha 956,
sechtair
s.

in

mara
-"^^^

1580.
filltech.

secht seven 125, 970-

cathraigh amuig outside

the city 32.

1

1 se ar

merughudh 756
:

1168.
e
?)

sed see seod.

in

Note
b)

also

is

se
;

(iss

2sed m. road Gsg. a fritheing

athair dorindi 1793

Sg.
3

889.
f.
i

m.
i.
:

e,

he,

hi,

pi. iad. iat.

As

accus. after

tseda 1272. seda slender, graceful 509. sedal while, space of time setal ac

ecnach alale 322

segainn graceful
(?)

2150.
saichi
-a
s.

trans, verbs
ii.

834, 11 52, 2451.

:

509.
(?)

As nom. with passive verbs

1965iiJ-j
:

115, 114 1, t. tarrla

iv.

After

segmar

(-e- ?)

swift

s.

da

ceile e
:

E. 872.
e 2318
v.
;

After prepp.
-]

mar

1063, srotha -a 778, susta

seidrech
strong,

do shoigdibh

1543,

1560.

edrum-sa
the

iat 2135.

With
2249.
.

(co) powerful seitreach sircalma 785 (note),

copula
also
:

Note

648, 1224, in tsoillsi

.

rob

1349, 1500sein

demonstr.

ingnath leo
the

macgnimartha
reamar
(a)
ii

1201, Conidh e vi. In E. 554.

:

adj.

(see

TSh.)

dib-sein 276.
seinistir

window Asg. 1167.

construction
238.

corp-

Cf.
vii.

ocus

and

seinnim

supra.

After 3 na,
see side, for

musical (music, play da instnnnent) pasfsubj. sg. 2 seinntea 672, condit. sg. 3 co
seinnfedh 673, pret. sg. 3 do sheinn 667, pi. 3 ro shinnsit
1

q.v.

For esidhein

hisin see sin.

c)

The neuter ed
as
is

is

found
of
Is
is,

56, vn.

seinm 661, sepnadh 660.

senior

only
e.g.

the

predicate
;

seinnser

elder,

Dsg.

don

edh

itpert 183
; ;

is CO derbh 91 2310 lin 2094). tangadar 1459 (is e See also ge, ma, mina.

edh edh lin

tsennser 187.
seirglige
illness

s.

do ghradh

A. 13.
seiser six persons Nsg. sesir 607.

2se

six 726, 2315.

seitche wife 533, 796, 1^64.

sech past, beyond With pers. pron. seocha 344, 663, 1193. secha seoca 61 1968, seocu 247
;
;

seitrech see seidrech

785.
sel while,
.
. .

and note to

ro leicsit
1

seeca

e 61
;

247,

sel ele

turn re seal 11 27, seal 1369; 1810, 2260.

193, secha sin 1968

aroile

dul sech
ro

avoid 744, ni haithenntaigi iat

sellad sellaim see sillim. sen old 164, superl. sine

1836
:

sech
E.
663.

1817

dherc

prefixed

when

attributive

na
;

seocha looked behind

344

-fhairrgi 1405, sciniarahid 1560

senathair grandfather

8.

GLOSSARY.
sen m. omen, fortune sen maith in tan catha 1081 15.27,
;

243
sithamail
.
.

2 sidamail

peaceful,
.

peaceable ^11, ailen

s.

227,

impoghas in
2121.

s.

orum

1927

CO
1 side

s.

1307.

sena denying 168. senamail fortunate 2243. seng

slim,

that

anaphoric pron. and adj. (rare in second half of

text),

used

like

sin,

q.v.

a)

slender

cpd.
s.

-remar

As pron.

5"senntrom
774centre

na talman

336, la sodain thereupon for sidhe 244, (?) 355, 1318 de sidhe 482, 676 (note that
;

sen6rda

old,

aged 1792.

the simple form of this prep, is usually do), Bi sidhe 245,

fil

seocba, -u see sech. %q6A jewel, treasure Apl. seoid 203, 1016, 20zj8, Gpl. seod 2265
seoid na socar 2523.
seol sail 1548.

sidhe 1236.

b)

As

adj.

na

386, a ainm-sidhe 590, na fesside 7, 559 {cf. 549), i side 1224, 1812, esidhein 154,
tiri-sidhe

imbe-sidhe
sg.
. .

333,

is

amlaidh

seolaim guide, direct pret.

ro
seol

sidhe 501.

Cf. sein.

da
.

righuibh
147,

na
.
.

2 side rush, swoop, blast {of wind)

303, 826, sigi gaithi 584.
siled flowing,

teg[dh]aisi

ro

seol

detach

docum
47,

E. 1772.

1015, 2151. sepnad see seinnim. Serb bitter, harsh cpd. -glorach
784. sere love
.
.
.

seomra room

dropping srotha ac siledh 778 785, 893, 1746.

.
. ;

siled generating,

Sillim look at, see

:

breeding 257. a) With direct

chridhe 525, sere tuc aigi do[n"l ranai 1140,

s.
. . .

mo

vn. a shealladh 1338, obj. ag silledh 1405. b) With prep,

ar
*^^5
(for)
: :

gur

sill

arin righain

E.

sere
;

di

930

1026,

1359-

Sealladh a look

2208

Gsg. truma a seirci 1169.

1281.
silltecb dripping,

serpens 248, 250.

dropping srotha

sesam

na sh. 410, standing 917, ro an ina certsesam fris

350;
1293.

...
sim
see

-a 778.
i

sam.

sin demonstr. adi.

these,

setal see sedal.

a)

As

adj.:

and pron. that, na techta sin

sg- see SC-.

1 si

si

emphasising pron. demonstr. adj. see

1

See
so.

sa.

138, e sin no, larna clos sin 943, inar doirt sin 2086, Forind

arracht
1358-

hisin 1285

1263,

si see

se.
1

b)

With prepp.
is

i.

The
:

siad see

se.

preposition
2

conjugated

aici

siansan noise, clamour 784.

sib pers. pron. pi.

sin 1366, leis sin 11 36,

then, there 838,

ann

sin

you

sib fein

amlaid
is

sin see

1421,
sid

amlaid.
after

ii.

Sin

substantival

with peace 37, a sidh peace them 1859, Gsg. ardhe sidha
pi.

the simple form of the o sin amach 2290, preposition

:

484. sidaigim make peace pret. do sidhadadar 11391

do radh 1855; iar sin iii. see iar, mar sin see mar. As sin 635, and de sin 294
tri

sin

sidamail silken 173.

probably

belong

to

i.

cj

244
Substantival
nir
:

GLOSSARY.
ni tiic sin 2454.

fhacm-sam

sighedh

sin 490. ro foillsin 71. do gell sin do

dhigail 904, Roba luth ... la Mo na sin 213, roba I. sin 22

;

1480, Gsg. sathudh sleighi 2339, Dpi. slegaibh 1543, 2189. slemnaigthech slippery le holuibh
sleg spear Asg. sleigh 395.

sleabhnaigthccha 2391
sliab

moide
sin

fich

na droinge

m.

mountain
Dsg.
120,

Nsg.
126,

1649,

sin 1870.
f.

Asg.
1609,

1778,

weather Gsg. na drochsine

e
fein

tsleibhi

Dpi.

Gsg. in sleibhtibh
see

123.

1797

maghsliabh
sliasta

sinim
isin

stretch

ro

sin

mag-.
sliasaid thigh Apl.

tcine

... do

sin
;

lama

83.

docum nime 2535-6

2393
sinn
;

ro sinedar

slibtha

polished

do

shlegaibh

pers.

va. sinti prostrate 1390. pron. pi. i we, us

slip[th]a 1543.
1 slicht
s.

offspring,

descendants do

Caim

1413-4-

1833.

2 slicht track,

mark

s.

lamh an

sinnim

see scinnim.

siDnrud particular, special sainn-

athaig 2293.
slige
f.

way, path, road Nsg. in

rughudh

sinnrughudh do 1 31 5. Only in phrase tshinnrudh especially, in particular, just in fad sin do tsh.
13 10,
:
;

tslighi 237, Asg. 2174, Gsg.

na

slighedh 268, 1747, ced slighedh

1857.
slinn slate cpd. -ghera 2189.

185, 396, just that space 54 866, do sh. 1287, in tsh. 1301,

slinnen shoulder {-blade) 604. slinntech slate roof{-ed house) 2183.

slipa see slibtha.
slis

1310.
sir long,

lasting

ever, always G39. always, but frequently merely

do shir for As prefix

ever,

side Dpi. slesaibh 893,

'

1746.

slog see sluag.

intensive

and
891,

slonnud name 1298.

alliterating

-adhbul
-atach

-ascnam
-bualadh

914,
295,

sluag m. army Gsg. sloig sluaig 29, 1728, NApl. 54, 1060, 2125,
Gpl. slog, sluag 984, 1637, Dpi.
11 75. 219, sluagaib slogaib See daescar-, imsloig, deg-,
2 lin.

2254,

-caithemh

-denum

-calma 407, 404, 52, -dfechsain 2054,

-seinm 661.
siraide everlasting co sirighi
sise

240.

sluaiged hosting 907,

941.

mors,

mor

emphatic form
523.

of si [see se),

sisi

smeraira smear do smer a chorp

-39^travelling

sithamail see 2 sidamail.

Siubal

walking,
s.

ac
;

s.

smuainim
.

think, reflect ro

smuain
.
. .

980, ac

na

tiri sin

862

1840,

2385.
siud demonstr. adj. that, yon 1794slur sister 1000.

ar 506, Do smuain nach testa 967, do smuain dul

.
.

1913-

snadud protection, saving saamugh

a

slabra

m. chain Asg. 833.

anma

618.

slad plundering 1390, 2217.

sniidm
Apl.

knot,

grip

{in

wrestling)

slebnaigthech see slemnaigthech.

snadhmanna

2396.

GLOSSARY.
snam swimming 1563 snamh 2282. snamug see snadud.
SO demonstr. adj.
these
;

245

2198, ar

somescaigthe intoxicated 575. son in phrase: ar s. for the sake of, on account of ar s. Ercuil

snechta see cloichsnechta.

and

pron., this,
a)

used like

sin, q.v.

na

1903; 1163, 2548, ar s. E. do dul because E. was going 560 2221 ar son mar tugadar
;
;

iat so 137, dibh slog so 538, so 1383, ann so here 1301, 2546,

1596; 2587.

SOna fortunate, happy 2242.

sonairt strong 1025, 1349.

b)

amlaidh so 118, ag so 2148. adubhairt si so 2048, and

roichim.
:

see

Also

si

(after

sorimthea nirba s.

countable,
. . .

calculable

a tanic 158.

palatals)

isin chruinne-si

529

sosar m. the younger, junior 187.

1309, 2251. socair level, firm log socuir 344. SOChar profit, advantage seoid na

spairn fighting, wrestling 2393.

speir sphere Gsg. speire 1274.

sraid cpd. -leim 606.

Cf. sru(i)th-

socar 2523.

leim
lovable,

Guy

51.16,

Todd

Lect.

socharthanach

amiable

iv

104.6,

and

sreth-,

sruth-

1025. SOChineolI well-born a slesaib saer-

infra.

srained defeating, routing Gsg. sab

srainti sloigh 1205
;

clann socineol 894.

sochraide

1250.

army, forces, thromsab srainti shochraidi 1401

;

srang bowstring 2277.

sreng
s.v.

cpd.
reng,

sochraidi 1250. socracht f. level

wrenching 606.
Gsg.
;

muscle-fhoghalta See TSh., ML^

srang-.
see

ground ('ocum na socrachta 346

i

and

350.

sreth

cpd.

-luaimnech

615,

sodain see
able for
.
.

side.

sruth-.

sodiubraicthe easily thrown, suithurling do shlegaibh sodiubruicci 1544. sogradach loving, amiable 509.
.

srollm. satin i475,Gsg.macthsroill

917.
srollaide
. .

made of

satin

fuathrog

SOiged

f.

1480, Dsg. soigid 586, Apl.

arrow Asg. 2297, soigid a

srollaidhi 172.

sron

f.

nose 765, Dsg.

da shroin
da
823,

shoighde

2533, Gpl. soighed 823, Dpi. do shoighdibh 2179.

766.

srub

point

(of

arrow)

cpd.

Cpd.
SOillse
f.

saigedbolcc
590.

quiver

585,

shoigdibh
2179.

-ghcra

1543;

soigidb.
tsoillsi

light,

brightness 1789, in 1200, s. in lae 337;

rich
sh.

sruth

river NADsg. ni. stream, 616, 891, 1404, Gsg. in tsrotha

2114.

soimemail

luathrog

172.

Npl. 778, Gpl. na sruthann . srothaibh 785, Dpi- arna

27

soine see saine.

SOlaid explanation, solution 13 14.

folai746.

Cpds. -Iinntibhi564,
778, 784,
srethl. 615,

-luaimnech
28.35),
cf.

solas solace, comfort 2454.

(Guy and see

solus bright

s. taithnemach 1779, na maidni mochsoillsi 2255.

sraid-

-maidhm
s.

615

(ZCP

xiii 238.14).

somaisech beautiful 172, naibh -a sacra 970.

eladh-

stair story, history

Ercuil 2544,

Gsg. stairc 1830.

246

GLOSSARY.
taeb side Dsg.
1203, taeib 2137, Ar t. in Dpi. taebhuib 2394.
la
t.

stoirm storm s. i ardanfadh 900, s. anfaidh 2575.

strapa steps in a cliff 314. stuider studying sduider 1892,
-477suaill trifle is [s]uaill

dunaidh 1167,

na mara

1634, tar taebhuib aroile 2394, do gach t. (de) 1406, 2134,

nar trascradh

don
651,

t.

araill

don cathraigh 782

ar
;

^ 1325SUairc cheerful, merry 1025.

1203,

gach

t.

1685
.
.

suan
.
. .

sleep

Gsg. suain 55.

ina

toirrthimh

rena th. 2297 re mnai no

trusted

ni tuc[th]a

t.

2522.

woman Do

is

to

be

letht.

na

suarach insignificant, mean, ungracious 2073. SVAS up, upwards 1749, atracht
6-a\
.
.

conuire 825.
taei- see tai-.

Cpd. -throm 510.

s.

123;

taem -annach see mithaem-annach.

tagra pleading, arguing 13 16.
taibled see taiglib.

s.

288,
-\

chuir srang
2516.

s.

2277,

s.

do anuas
pi.

taidbrigim show taibhrighter darah

subach merry, cheerful 676, (?) subaigh 575 (note).

daine
taidbsech
1544-

2470,

gur taibhrighedh
huge
co
-a

do 1708.
conspicuous,

subaid see note to 575. SUgmaire sump, swallow, vent Dpi. a sughmuirib na cathrach 785.

suidigim intrans.

320

trans,

Ro suidhsitt seat Do suidhighedh

sit
;

taidbsenach
2541taiglib

prec.

tromt.

taidlib
t.

na

sloigh 569

622.

Vn. da
establish,

Dpi.

battlements,
;

suidhuighudh
prove 2223-4.
SUil

orm

galleries for

na tor 34
athach

ii83,

187 1 (taibled).
tailc strong, violent
pi.
t.

eye

Ndu. a dha

shuil 41 8,

267

Npl. suili 766, Gpl. (du. ?) cosmailius sula daimh 767.

suilbir cheerful,

ta(i)lce 405, 1336, 2395.

tain see tan.

tainic see tigim. tairgim offer taircfed-sa dul 2 131,

merry 509, 676.

SUilbirecht cheerfulness 2454. SUl before sul nar fagaibh 1052.

sust

m.

flail

(Hercules' weapon,
:

see lorg, liber, sab. sail)

Nsg.

465, Asg. 1074, susta 1559. suthach fertile ailen s. 227.

do tairg 193 1, Ro thairgedar do E. a righi 489. tairnic pret. sg. 3 came to an end 1618, t. do t. in t-osadh 1035
;

ghrasa 2432.
tairp(th)ech
strong, violent
;

suthain everlasting sidh

s.

37.

296,

tarraing tharpech 305 CO t. 282.

-a 1481,

tairrngim draw, pull, drag impf.

tabach levying, exacting 704-6.

taball sling Gpl. 1481, 2 181, Dpi.

do tairrngedh
. . .

se a

apach

a taidblibh 1544. tachtaim choke, strangle ro thacht

103, 417-

ass 2512, pret. ro tarraing leis iat 1961 2158, ro th.

;

don ech
251 1
304;

e 2347, do thairrngedar he 842 (note), vn. ag tarraing

tacla tackle, gear [of ship) Gpl.

(?)

2530, dorat

t.

fuirre

tacladh 1556.

GLOSSARY
taisbenaim
.
. .

247
.

sliow gur thaisbein doibh 2362, vn. da thais-

tar tacbliuib

aroile

2394

benadh 2028.
taise 'weakness,

conach dechdais taran bescna transgress 493.

I

caen-

See

swoon 2429.

ais, eis.

taisech leader, chief taeisech 703, 2260, toisech 1507, 1655, Gsg.
taeisigh 163, Npl. toisigh 1358. Gpl. toisech 526, Ddu. taisechaibh 752 taeisech na lunga
;

taraill pret. sg.

3 visited, fa

230,

comruc

came to calma ro th. E.

riam 762.
tarb hull Apl. toirb 1938.
tarr
loiver

part,

belly

fo

th.

an

2308. taiselbaim show ro thaisclb 425.

taisigim keep, conceal, guard thaisigh ... in litir 2446.
taistell

tsleibhi

1756.

Cpd.

-letna

2395tarraing see tairrngim. tarda dorala pret. sg. 3 impers. with accus. came, happened,

Do
lar

journeying,

touching

tastill

na talman do ivhen he
shining,

touched the ground 2399.

chanced, etc. uirrthe

. . .

i.

tarr la Pirotes
;

tait(h)nemach
beautiful 510,

bright,
t.

1840.

ii.

met P. 693 dorala co came to

site
iii.

1779,

tempuU

1886, 2033.

460 da

1227.

tarrla L.
t.

-]

C.

ceile

met

731,

sguiger

talach see tulach.

talam m.

and

f.

eartli,

Nsg. 436, Asg. CO t. 2137, Dsg. 601, Gsg. in

ground talmain 230,

2422, Mor do dhuadh dorala doibh 377 269, riachtain 1226. 321, D. d'E.

... do
. .

iv.

connns tarla ...

265
;

... a
cech

talman 499, 1851, na talman Ro buail in drong ^09; 1550. fo thalmain to the ground 2155, a n-uaim thalman 181 1
. .
. ;

n-Oilen

601,

for

n-aon d. him dhocum 1304. V. nach tarrla ris 309, t. ciian vi. rola rena n-ucht 2267.

dry land 1383 country 1829. world os fheruib in Earth, talman 499 a senntrom na t.
;

gudha ...
te see
I

hi

1264

{cf.

toitim).

ti.

774,

ri

nime
in

1 th.

2461.
:

tan

time

phrases

in

tan

tech house Dsg. a fastoigh 423. techt see tigira. techta see techtaire.
techtaire
-uire

when

in tan
;

immorro at[c]onn-

messenger,

envoy

catar 593 Nir cian 1371. doib in tan do fhortamhlaigh

ii^l

1659, 2139.
pi. is
1

The corresponding

337 1202.

In tan sin then

lar

153;

techta 138, Dpi. techtaibh im thechta do chur fo

280,

1053.

dtain

then,

afterwards 359. tapaid

827.
quick,
swift

co

deght.
ciara

na Greige 130, do chuir se t. ar cenn A. 729, docuadar techta uatha 995, do chuir techta roime 1652.
ceithri hairdibh

tapur taper, torch ced

1

t.

techtairecht

message
t.

991.
11 11

99*5,

194 (note)
past,

1198.

Tanag ... a
. .
.

(note),

tar

across

dochuadar
;

taran sruth 616

ro sincdar

1494, 2281

dorinnc a t. 2361. teclamtar see teglamaim.

tegdais
dwelling-place,

tar dorusbel na cathrach amacli

building

580

na lamha

Apl. teg[dh]aisi 148.

248
teglach
household,
;

GLOSSARY.
retinue,

army
See
ro

de
.

CO
,

ndechaidh

toirrsi

2318
1
t.

t.

na
t.

crichi S3 7, slogh

984,

in palais 992.

do.

don aes gaeta 1616. v. Most frequently with \n.

:
;

mor-, tellach.

teglamaim

collect,

assemble

co rachad expressing purpose d'iaraidh 1208 1843

. . . ;

teclamtar 145.

don cathraigh 1372

di (conair)

docuaidh
{cf.

tegmaim happen, chance, fit impf. do theccmadh 1274, past subj. dia tecmadh 451, acht mina thecmadh 1255.
tegmalach
aggressive,

1749

(?)

1951J,
see her

do dith 101 1, dia

2483,

fis to

dia

hoilithri

on

her

baltlesome

teghlach t. 811. teiched, teichim see tcithim.

teiged heating 2506.

pilgrimage 75, vi. dochum 373. eturra 950. vii. viii. fo: docuaidh fona Gregachai bh
attacked 1497 docuaidh boladh na neimi fan mnai 2494 fon cath 1597, fon muir 896, fon
; ;

teigim go prcs.

teit,

teid 246, 496,

1

499. Impf. do teighedh pass, ara tpi[gh]thi 1749.

195,

Fut.

rachad 1521, 2133, co rach-sa rachaidh rel. 2483 2318, rachas 2246. do Condit. rachuind 1848 do rachadh 249, -rachadh 707 rac[h]dis
;
;

domhun 452. ix. i enter do rachadh dorn 741, 1015 railedh in gach poll would fit
uili
;

765
isin

dochuaidh idha uasalmnai 72 884

.

eoda
;

ina

n-eiTadhaibh catha put on 2152, a n-eslainti 2068, a tir la^td

978,
X.
le

704, 1843.
;

Subj. pres. -dechair

toraighecht

C.

152 1.
;

2316 pi. 3 dechuid 1951, past -dechadh 1842 -dechdais 493. Pret. dochoidh 12, 182, 373,
;

and 618, doc(h)uaidh 497 docotar passim, roloduir 1223

;

accompany 707, 2060 docuaidh leo brought them lor, ni leo docuaidh gan dighail xi. Dul mar a roibi P. 2191.
1913
;

1436.

xii.

6 984, 1729

and 2350 passim dependent -dechaidh 449, 1616; -dechudar 138, 741, -dechatar 86 1. Vn. dul 1729.
34,

doc(h)uadar
;

docuadar docuaidh

techta

uatha

994,

mo
. .

chraidhi

uaim

xiii. OS excel Mar theit 191 7. in finemhain uas chrann.

a) ^lost frequently the

meanar

-ng
i.

is

determined by prepp.
:

ar

ar

comgar

2437,

aibh 496 ff. xiv. Ag dul re fantaibh [stream) 891. xv. Docuaidh roimhe set out, went
on,

creich loingsi 645, foran echtra 2326, fora n-eochaibh 540, for

departed

2098.

70, 1376 cf. xvi. sech 246 dul sech

; ;

faesam E. 618, fora n-iubhusar lar catha na 34, nGregach 1574, ar muir 1408, ar neimini 2246, aran sliabh
aibh
1905, ar

an cinneadh

744.

xvii.

tar

taran caenbescna transgress 493, tar mur ua cathrach 1494.

b)

\Mth adverbs
astegh
.

amach
1749.
.

snamh
as

2281.

ii,

as

2008,
d)
-]

799,
:

suas

escaped 1878 asin oath amach 1594. 2350 iii. Co docuaidh co hi. 655,
;

docuaidh
;

Absolutely

drong

Docuaidh mar aon ris 649.

.

Dochuadar
2326.
e)

-j

nir

ansat
conair

ac

dul

co
;

lathair

going

into
iv.

gidh
{Cf.

be
1749).

buttle

1488

coruigi 2330.

dechuid 1951

GLOSSARY.
teilgim throw, hurl gur theilg in

249
cut,

tescaim

hew condit. arm no

lann
th.
. .

do asa laim 791 a bhrat de 997 1495,

.
;

2280
teine
f.

do

tilg 2578.

thescfadh 395, pret. cor tescc in t-ededh 351 407, 1331, vn. tescadh 330, 474, biail fri
;

fire NAsg. 1796, 1994. Gsg. na teinedh 1999, tinedh

testa is

buantescadh 1247; 1249. uadha wanting nach t.

.
. .

2500
1363,

1345, 1362, Dsg. teinidh teine 2530, Apl. teinnte

acht 967.
1 ti pers. t

1771, Gpl. na teinntedh 1773. Cpd. teineclar 929 (note).

of article

pron. sg. 3 formed from and the pron. i ;

an

teinemail fieyy lasracha teinnemla

2344tinn-

Before relative te 2549-50. clause he who in ti roba nesa

teinntech lightning, tech 1490.

teinntide fieiy 1995, tor
.

sparks

sising

do 194; 613. 2514. Emphain ti a proper name lason him, Jason 567; i335
:

lasracha teinntigi
. .

1349.

See ani.
:

ti

t.

2535.

teit see

ar in phrase of ar ti in catha
1693, 2287.

ti

on the point do chur 1036 ;

teigim.

teithim,

teichim

flee

ipv.

teithedh

aenduine

...
ro
;

na on

tiacht see tigira.

ticcris see tigris.

gleo 1533, pret. ro (do) theith

Ro

theich 396, 11S2, ro th.

tidlaicthech

bountiful,

generous

th. roime from him 958, Ro reimhe took to flight 1 726 teithedar 1578, do theitidar

buantighluicthech 939.
tigerna lord 718, 2241, ogt. 537,
airdt.

1990.

2015

vn.
ti

ac

teichedh

348,

tigerntus

domain,

realm

1823,

Gsg. ar

theite 1693.

1901, 1917.
tig! see tiug.

telcha see tulach.

tellach
hearth,
q.v.
:

but
in

used
t.
;

tigim come pres. ticcim 185

like
-\

mar
pass,

thicc

teglach,

gach
132

cum
137
;

2244,

tic

2466 do

gach
1648.

tromthinoil

tegar 2325. tar 2059.

Ipv.

tarra

666,

Impf.

tigedh
1843, Pret.

tempall

Gsg.
652,

tempull m. -uill 2058

;

temple
t.

88,

Condit. -ticfadh 1939. -tiucfadh 1837, 2257.

na ndee
.
.

Tanag
tainic,

11 11,

thanac(h)
etc.

t.

Deaain 2499.
at ro

tanic,

165,

2309; 1644

tencaim look

thenc

fair

tangadar 517, 2194.

557,

Vn. tocht
techt 1655,

1280, Do thencsat ... he 177, vn. a tencsain 1339.

II 10, toigecht 167, 464, tiacht

1765,

1912,

tenn

stout,

powerful tacbhuib -a

2488.

2395tennail fire pi. 1 teora boundary

tennala 1771.

The meaning is determined by prepositions and adverbs,

Dsg.
i.

1315

(?),

ag

tic
ii.

drochtosach ag duine
ar
:

teoruind 1559.
2 teora see
tri.

2466.
recover

techt

for
.

ternaigim

escape,

impf.

pass, ni ternaighthi 1697, pret. ni therna 2 191.

tochmarc 550, innechudh tanic orra 1943, tangadar astegh ar sluaghaibh na C. 2194. asin luing 917, asan as iii.
.

^50
uamaidh 1952
1412.
iv.
;

GLOSSARY.
ca as a tangadar
tinnes sickness, pain gan
t.

gan

1856,
191
J.

CO 563, CO latliair lar tiacht an lae cuigi

\-.

turbrodh 90, tinnscnaim begin

do

tinnscain

de

dia tanicc a

cirrbadh which was the cause of 2526, tanicc loisi de 614

;

13^4. tinntech see teinntech.

tin6ilim
collect,

gather

together,

blushed

2442,

2486.

vi.

do.

(K^sciiible

do thinoil a sloigh
;

Generall}' with

purpose
vii.

\-n. expressing co tiucfadii ... do

;

943, do linol loSo, ro thinoilsit na sloigh 557 vn. tinol 538,

cathughudh 1837

185, 2257.
viii.

1400;
Gsg.
tir

sart.

na cathrach 820,
country 627, 1747,
in
tire

docum
Tanic
i

fo

991, 1655. fon muir .

ixi

cum

gach tromthinoil 132.

f.

amach

m. and
2072.

913 land

1737-

1640, a tir

Gsg.

482,

na

1467, 2066 tanicc nert ced

ann 167, ann 2399,

666
2059. a roibh
;

386, na tirea 1255, Apl. tirtha 1252, Dpi. do thirthaibh

tiri

Tanag ... a
X. le
xi.
:

techtairecht iiii.

tarra
:

Hum

mar
;

Tainic
2488.

mar
xii.

Land t. Egepta 437. d'iaraidh opposed to sea) tire no talman 1382, Docuaidh
926
(as
; :

E.

2045,

126,

515 deibh

innechadh
forro

tainicc
cf.

ona
1551,

1776,

a tir landed 760 1468. tiug thick, dense cpv. tigi 2182.
;

1530,

nach do gnath tegar ona guasachtaibh

escape
;

2325.

xiii.

tanic roimpi 689 With 859. amach 870, astegh adverbs Absolutely 2194, tar ais 906.
:

tiurm- dry Cpd. -talman 1559. tiurmach dryness, dry place ar t. na talman 2561. tlaith soft, gentle cpd. -min 310.

284, 2070, etc.

lae
1

Ar techt an
lin

tocebad see togbaim. tochaithem eating, consuming

11.

164, is

edh

tangadar

tochmarc m.
534
;

wooing

t.

Megera

1459. tigluicthech see tidlaicthech.

tigris

939, Gsg. -aire 338, 562.

The meaning wedding seems

frequently to suit the context
better, e.g. 561, 625.
i

tiger ticcris

1289.

tilg see teilgim.

timchell circuit in phrase around ina timc(h)e(a)ll

1804,
-ill
;

t.

tocht

silence,

ceasing iniairecc

473,
ruisc

595,

t.

cin tocht 317. 2 tocht see tigim.

1709
1322.

2275. See mor-.

Beim

timcill

tochuired

inviting,

invitation

7,

141, 537-

timdibe hacking, hewing 317, 330, t. forra 474. 610, dorat

. . .

togaide

chosen,

choice

trenfer

togaidhi 2106.
togail see toglaim.

timthachmang circumference ina

th. ar

medhon

1323.

timthirech servant Npl. timtliiri^/j

104. tinfed breath
t.

togaim choose, elect Ro toghsat na teg[dh]aisi togtha 148 149 (or from togbaim ?).
;

theincdh 1344.

tingellaim

promise

Ro

thinghell

togair see tograim. togbaim raise condit. ro locebhadh

...
adh

in ni sin 453, vn. tingeall-

do

lar

598

pret. ro

thogaibh

1265.

...

in

luirg

290,

Ro

th.

GLOSSARY
Ercuil Teseus ar inn a gualann 190, ro th. a lamh don tsail
1210,
ro
;

251
business,

toisc

mission for
;

t.

na
39,

for

turus

449

pi.

tosca

th.

seol

fair

(boal)

272, 426.

thogadar in righan leo carried off the queen 580 Do togbhadh a pupul pass. vn. was erected 1 760 ag togbail na cairrgedh da n-aitibh va. na teg[dh]aisi togtha 2531
1548
ro
; ; ;

toisech see taisech.

toitim fall, die, be killed prcs.

in tan toites colladh
fut. toitfir fein

rel.
;

orum 2470
;

ann 1004 condit.

toitfinn 2528
;

corob

le

mnai do

CO toitfedh 286,
a)

1667.
toitidar

Pret.

148 (or from togaim

?).

Do
;

toit 1572, 2429,

dar thuit
874,

toglaim destroy (city) pret. pass. vn. togail f. ro toghladh 911

;

1434
1450.

ro
b)

(do)

More frequently con

destroying, destruction 31,

855,

2201.

torchair (d)torchair 590, G05, 1068, ro (do) torchair 2005,

togluaisim

move

{trans.),

impel
condit.
fer
.

2036
pi.

ro thogluais 1296.

Megera 559,

tograim

desire,

attempt

. [Atorchair gudha cf. rola s.v. tarda] atorchradar 6r 7. Vn. toitim

. .
;

gach ben do thoigeoradh do togair 1 103, pret.

imthecht 1090.
toice luck, prosperity 1527,

341, 743, tuitim 1555.

tomailt eating 1909.

1529.

tongaini swear pret. fona deibh 1757.

ro

thuing

toicthech prosperous 1393.

toig see tech.

tonn wave Gpl. 376. tor m. tower Asg. 832, Dsg. S33,
Gpl.
(note)
35,
;

toigecht see tigini.

Gsg.

tuir
;

1 1

92-3

toigeorad see tograim. toil will, desire 1394^ 2063, Gsg.

toilc

tor tenedh 1362

chief,

2534.

Metaph.

warrior Vsg. a

53

gach

ni

bus

t.

let

thuir 523.

1769.
toirb see tai-b.

torachtain reaching, arriving 1230. torad Asg. 436, ar thorudh

fruit

toirisem staying, ceasing imairecc cen toirisim 317.

. .
.

496, Npl. torthae 482,

toraigecht pursuit Cirion 1521.
11 89,

t.

toirmescaim prevent, hinder pret. gur tlioirmesc E. impu e 2017 vn. dia toirmesc d'A. techt
;

torann noise cpds. -adbhuil 296,

-gles 1556. torathar m. monster {Hydra) Nsg.

57;

84.

toirnech thunder Asg. 2104. toirrches foetus, offspring co rug

1229,
-air

ADsg. 1263, 1331. Gsg.

1358.

...

a toirrces 90

94

Gsg.

torchair see toitim.

tos see tus.

-a 74, 79, 88.

toirrse sorrow toirrsi
t.

836, hi[c
. . .

?]

1269,

rola

damna ... t. ...

t.
;

381,
560.

hi 1264

Pain, fatigue 1616.

toirrsech tired tuirrsecli 1763. toirrthira f. sleep, sivoon ina t. saim

tosach beginning t. maith 2465, drocht. 2466, a t. do betha ^'' 2463, re t. aidhci 194
;

tosaigh at
tra

first

2244, 2487.

however,

indeed,

used

like

suain 55.

immorro,

q.v., 158, 197, 1251.

^52
1

GLOSSARY
:

tracht in phrase
at all events,

cidh tracht

pi.

however 192, 1687,

n-allus 2009
I

2164. 2 tracht strand, shore 1410. traethaim subdue, overcome condit.

sg. sg.

536

do treiccedur ilimud da vn. treicen anraa 2289, ar t. a fhola 756.

;

treise see tren.

trelam

3
2

no thraetfadh 433, do thraethais 42S,

prct.
sg.

arms, catha 1005.

cinn
trill

armour

2338,

t.

trell while,

space {of time) Gsg. a

265, 551.
t.

guro traeth 417, pass, nar traethadh 523, vn. traethadh

610, Z22.0.
traig strand, shore 1201.

tren strong athach

267.

Cpv.
2317.

and
recede,

superl.

treisi

1664,

traigim

ebb,

dry

tip

ro

Cpds. -arm 1250, -beim 298, -calma 21 81, -doidibh 603,

-dualaigh
597,
-fher

thraigsit

na huscedha 436.
3

1243,
1

-fhaebhrach
-foburtach

trascraim overthrmv, knock down

pret.

341,

thrasgair 414, 2166, ro th. a cenn ara gualaind 949, ro th. he asa
sg.

ro

(do)

-garbh 243, -mile 1249, -nertmar -nia 305, 1477.

1242,

Subst. treoin 1358.

tres third 1043,
1 1

dilait 2340, pi.

1 1

ro thrascradar

27, pass, nar trascradh 1325,

75.

vn. trascairt 1131, 1710.

tre

trethan storm, fury cpds. na tonn treathanmor 376, tor treath-

through

457
f.

etc.,

tri

1855,
trit

2ogo.

With
;

anruagh

2535,

trithinruaidhe

pers.

pron.

456, 2068
poss.

trithi 2493.

With
trina

adj.

trena

1362 (trichem- ?). treturach traitor 2142, 2148.

1 tri see tre.

185S,

2036.

Trenaroile S09, trinaroile

With Rel. trina 2468. art. tresin 1861. a) Througli

2156.
ni

tri three

733, 1545, tri .xx. 364,

tri
is

gabhadh rind
1604,

trit

ced 191. The fem. teora used sporadically with both

:

(e)

456;
of

1858.

b)

In

genders

t.

aidhchi

840,

la

sentences containing the idea

197, mill 1274.

mixing
-|
;

do

combhris

cnama
2156
of,

cuirp

trinaroile

triallaim proceed, travel ro thriall cuigi 972, ro th. for culu

. . .

809, 2493. c) as a result of tre adhnaire

;

On
;

account

346

49, ro thriallsat 41, 214,

do
triar

th.

do imluad mara 374

;

in sceoil 883

2521
tre
cf.

tri

sin

vn. triall indsaighi 1284

1231.

do radh

1855,
;

gan
also
:

uisci

m.

three

persons
;

1393,

d'fagabail 444
ceil[g] 457-

tre

thriar

ban 1952

Gsg. in trir

1397triath chieftain Dpi.

trebar strong, firm cpd. trcabhar-

do thriathaibh

daingen 35> 476.

trebraide plaited ? triple ? tromluirech threabhraighi 243.
treide
attribute,

1341tricha

m.

thirty .xxx. 369-70, 1446,

quality

Dpi.

do

Xsg. TSh.
trist

pleiie
s.v.

trichad

1450

{see

triocha), Gsg. 1453.

threigib righachta 967. treigim leave, abandon fut. sg. 3 ni threicfe se 2289, condit.
sg. 2 ni t[hreic ?]fea

curse 612.

trithinruad see trethan-.

troig

foot

after

2435

prct.

ceteora

troighidh

co numerals trenmiledh
:

GLOSSARY.
ina fod 1239, teora troigh
troigthech
.x.

253

troighti 1360,

tuing see tongaim.

tuir see tor.

1604.

Cpd.

troidhescaid 282.
coll. feet

772.

tuirinn rush, swoop nir turn don LB 153 a 3, sin 800. t.

trom heavy airm throma 2592, cona luirigh thruim 1242. Cpds.
-aidhble
-fliuch

toruinn Fier. 66
107, Gael.

{v.l.

ruathar),
{1909) P.

Joum. xix
s.v.

599,
780.

-fhlechadh

481,
1264,

169,

Dinneen

turraing.

-gheran
-lasrach

tuirrse-ch see toirrse-ch.

-iamaidhi 596,
-luirech
-nell

2535,
1270,

tuismigtheoir

parent

Dpi.

tuis-

243,

-neimeile

-nertmar Sir, 2429, -shochraidi 1401, -taibhsenach

2541, -thinoil 132, -urluigi 296. See taeb-,
troscad fasting, fast igjz.
is t.

midhtoraib 933. tuismim bring forth, bear pret. pass, nach uatha ro tuismedh vn. tuismedh 85, t. he 169 na morgeine 1 14, a t. a toirrcesa
;

79, Gsg. tuismidhthi 73

;

84.

truag sad, pitiful

2524, 2547,
25^9. truaillim

duind 745

is t. a thecht dim Cpd. -neimeile 1616. gur infect corrupt,

tuistige parent Dpi. tuistighib 7.

tuitira see toitim.

tul jorehead, front

t.

a eduin

586. 243.

Cpds. -amuis 1337, -borb

1233.
f.

thruaill 2508.

1336-

truma
seirci

heaviness,

greatness
2
thou,
;

t.

1169.

tu pers.

pron.

sg.

thee

Nom. doni

tu

1992

accus.
;

Nsg. 2407, Asg. na 2386, talach 2408, Gsg. tulcha 2387, breo telcha 1362. tuma tomb 2200.
tulach
hill

nach facaidh tii 527, thu 2290 tii 2433 do fag[bhadh ?]

. . .

tur searching aga th. ina

98,

menmain

II55(-6- ?)

is

firindech

...

tii

fein 1822
;

na thu than thou 2317

at aenar 1004. tuag axe tuadh 1249.
tuairgini strike, beat
1

turbrod
-j

interruption,
t.

tii

hindrance gan tinnes gan

90.

turnaim
a)

do thuaircedar

descend. humble Trans, mar thurnas braen

abate,
;
;

71

7.

na Bealltaine in toirnech 2103 do thurn 2105. b) Intrans.

ro

tualaing able, capable 643. tuarascbail f. account, description

t.

in tsleibhi 120,

t.

Ifirnn 786.

tuim for a gluinibh 360 tuirinn 402, 1558, nir turn don ac turnadh 800 vn. ceo
;

tuath people, state Gpl. 137. tuigim understand, realise pres.

ton cathraigh 780.

turus journey a tosca
;

nachiat 1968 tuicenn an caingen 1304 do tuic 65, do thuicc 14

Tuicim

nach
pret.

t.

272

i^io,

t. dimain 274. 426, 450 tus beginning for t. first

is

amlaidh ro thuic Senica sin

took this to

mean 1365
tuil

pass,

do tuicedh 1895. tuilim sleep pret. do

42 2269, for tos 381, a t. in cablaigh o t. in 715, mo betha 2218, domhain 775, o t. co deiredh
;

samlaidh

157.

1911, nir tuil 423, 1269. tuilled addition, increase t.

tusa emphatic
-\

form of
t. t.

tu,

q.v.

da

As nom.
dia

in fctar

1302, accus.

ccd 1491.

faghaind

935.

With

254
copula
:

GLOSSARY.
is
t,

mo
t.

cedgradh
?

268
is

ff.

With

524

2284,

An dibh

1845

11.59,

fell, copula: uair robo 347, rob 326, ba

With vn. II lb, 1920. 1791. T. diOiu curfed-sa ceist fort

1307.

489, uair Idir ainm don uisci 1278, uair cidh daine 1310.
uaisle nobility 2052.

uaman m.
u.
. . .

fear ata a u.

orm

ii6r,

roime
u.
.

[aigi ?]
.

851,

Ro

U
uachtaracb upper a mbili
sceith
u.

ghabh
leicenn
in

P.
.

815, conach
. .

1352,

ona

duilibh

-a

a curadh roba mor

.

hu.
. .

d'uathadh
leo

ascnamh
t-u.

in

125^, selladh

1551uaill pride
1

Asg. 2105.

1359, ar u. 825, d'u. 1639, la hu. 1908.

uaim f. cave Nsg. 1927, Gsg. na huama 1964, 2024, Dsg. a n-uaim thalman 1811, a n-u. Sleibhi A. 1939, uamaidh 1953, 2005, Dpi. uamaibh 1699.
517,

uanfadach foaming csculu. 378. uaran well, spring Npl, uarana

480, Gpl.
1275.
uaisli

uas see
uasal

OS.

noble

super!,

2 uaim, uait etc. see i 6. uaingech lonely erber u.

1

da cathraigh
maighdinibh
u.

uaisli

2416,

2529 dee
;

uasal 2032, impir uasail 2232,.

uaisle ri 1933, uasal 17, ridiri u. 1820, righan

168

inadh

u.

2448.

uainges
1

secret place

Gsg. uaingis

in caislein 1208.
uair
f.

2584, seod u. 2265,

1631.

tempuU
73
;

hour, time, occasion Gsg.

(sin)

u.

Cpd.

-mnai

CO liacs na huaire

853,
;

2445.
uaisli

As

subst. in pi. nobles

861, pi. tri huaire do 16 1546 Gach uair bes ivhenevcr 2315.

mor 691, 695, Gpl. n-uasal 442, Dpi. uaislibh 161.

uathad small number, d'u. curadh
1254-

1163, le gach uair dib each uair ele another time 2401 in uair sin then time 2435
; ;

1693

gusan

ueiir sin 762.

An

uathbas m. terror 1359.

uair when 1022, 1771, nir cian doibh in uair do tuicedh till
1894,

uathmar
eoid

terrible,

horrible igha

u.

884.

Cf.

aduathmar,.

An

uair nar fedsad

that

when

fuathmar.
uball apple Asg. ubull 252, Npl.

they found they could not 2185, a ndigail in uair do chuir 2575, on uair fo ndechatar 861
;

hubla oir 252.. Gpl. na n-uball 250, Dpi. con n-ubluibh

na

17342 uair since, because, for oir 208, 2216, or 2124, but the regul?.r

oir

248

u.

braghad Adam's

apple 416.

ucht
Gsg.

uair bui 545, form is uair but ro generally remains, e.g. The following neg. 162, 1466.
:

bosom, breast 589, 2.^05, a mullach a lethochta

In phrases
:

2278.
the sake

a hu. for

is

2 1 91,

regularly ni(r) e.g. 164, 1529, uair nar eidir 882, but
:

in

the

of 1440, 2459, a n-u. middle of 634, tarrla

2 131

or
2 6,

nach fuaradar 2124.

See

cuan rena n-u. 2267. lid demonstr. adj. that, yon

PH

s.v.

uair,

ZCP

xix

ugud 1477, 1783.

GLOSSARY.
admall quick, speedy co hutmall
281.
. .

255
.

udmoille quickness 393. Ilgud see ud. Uide journey uighi .u. la 1460.
uile,
uili,

urchar shot Asg. tuc u. dr 306, Dsg. urchar 591, 2281, Dpi. le hurcuruibh 2128 2186;
;

u. n-imroill see imroill.

ule,

uli

all,

every,

the

uregla great fear 1254. uresbaid want, need cin

nach

whole

na

Greige
u.

u.

133,

na

n-uiressbhaidh 623.

haoncoill u. 1638, fon u.

domun
forna

210

na sloigh
;

177,

urgairdiugud rejoicing 1147, 2371, Gsg. urgairdighti 2081.

urgrain horror, ugliness 391. uriabra speech, faculty of speechu. duine 2592. urlar floor ar u. in halla 2157. lirluachair fresh rushes leabaidh

hu. dainibh 209, a huilea ballai

1258
ro

sin u.
u.
u. u.

204, iat u. 520,

iat

marbh
mian

236

545

Doronsat
a

534, forra u.

134,
uile

1504

gach

1545, 2190. uir- see ur-.

Uisce

urluachra 1761.
uriuide

urluige

smiting,

hacking,

water Asg.
448,

451,

uisci

440,

conflict
(>sg.

Asg.

316,
u.
;

1328,

1694,

Dsg.

1278,
;

NApl.

na

lamharma

2186,

Dsg.
hu.

huscedha 437

4S0, Gpl. 1275,

do thromu. 296
1249.

ord

fri

Dpi. d'uiscibh 1525. Ulcha beard 768.

ule see uile.

Ullam ready, accomplished ccrduibh 1372.

u. isna

urlum sec urrium. urmaisnech accurate, hitting the mark urchar athlam u. 306, u. 588 1593, comlunn
;

ullmaigim prepare, make ready do ullmaig e 2383, vn. ullmugh-

33.

urmor
2241.

greater part u.

in

domun

udh

um

993. see im.

urrium ready, quick, speedy co hu.

aibcil

Umal humble co humul 1853. umla obedience, submission dorone u. do 920 1900, uime 485. umlaigim mxke submission, do reverence ro umluigh do 183.
;

1518

681.

See Ian-,
brave
.
.

prim-. urriinta (urradanta)

noble,

anrudhaibh
1070, ri urscel famous
u.
.

u.
.

160, irghail
.

u.

1392, 1660.

unocorn unicorn 1290.

for ur shore, brink in phrases ur in cuain 379, os ur in c.
:

story,

reputation

Dpi. ot urscelaib 527. urthimchell in phrase

n-u.

2387-

uran (-a- ?) attention, notice dherna E. uran uirre 2055.

Et. Celt,
i

ni
Cf.

82.13, 15baleful
tri

around 233, na u. around him 467 1063. urthosach very beginning co hu.. na maidni 2255.
ind
alcin
;

urbadach

destructive,

hanmanna ...

-a 389.

usa cpv. easier 1947. use grease, fat 2391.

PERSONAL NAMES
[The forms
in italics are Caxton's.]

Abram HahyaJinm

Adam

cpd.

cloinn
i

923.
533,

Castilliens

the

casiylian,

the

13S2.

caslyllyens

1656,

Caisstilliens

Aeneus Oenens

146-1220.

1665.

Afer, After Affer 922-1 loi, 1397,

Carmenti Carmente 2056.

Celarus see Cilarus.
Ceribrus

Gsg. -eir 931, 940, 1398. Afraiccech Affriquanx Npl.

hAfraiccaigh

i4()4.

na Dpi. dona
23.S

Cerberus -nis) (Gsg. (corrected from Creberus, Soni337.

'

liAfraicceachaibli

13S4.
1-2408.

mer

i)

639-665, 754-763,

Ainntius (mac Terra)

Cf.

832-856; Se(i)rihrus 787, 791,

852. Cilarus Cihinis 007. C'eiams 608.
Girion Gervon, Gerion

Anntenon.
(Gsg.
-ais)

lAitilas

Athlas

9^^-

1033. 1385, 1787-1826. 2580-1. 2Aitilas (Gsg. -ais) AcheJous 11511213. 2586.

1391-1630,

Cirrion 1526, Gsg. Cirioin 1538.

Colach Gpl. 898-9, 906, 2577.

Coroigne Coroigne 1624. Craidon Creon 18-26, 38, 40, 117,
132,

Alaxander (mac Prim) Alixandre

2298.

Alc(c)amena

Akmnena

4-94.

218.
;

Alisius Akeiis 2.

2373
746,
166.

334, 539, 723-73 1 Gsg. -oin 212, 508.

1

Arapitrion Amphitrion 25-77, II OJ

116,

Crist Gsg.

64 1.

207,

532, 730, 730.

876,

2039,

Ampetrion
2
(Nsg.),

Ampitrionis
141 3 (Cxsg.).

1300,

Deeain Diane. Deane, Dyane 2499. Dia na Naduire God of Nature 208.
Dianira

Andrumadas /i^z^ro/nf/rfrts 716-746. Anntenon Anthenn 923-966, 1056Anntinon 1099, Anntenoin 1108.
Apaill Appollo 2479.

Deyanira, Deyanyra, Deiavire 1148-116S, 1218-1221,

1263.

1098,

Gsg.

2268-2301,

2419-2546,
2331-2376,

Cf. Ainntius.

2588.

Aurora Aurora 334.

Diomides Diomedes Diomidcss 2321.

Busir Busirr,

Bitf^irir

434.

Echee

Eddillech

931. 940. Ylalyens. Yialiens Xpl. 21 12, 2135, 2025, F.dailligh

F.chec

Calcus

Cacus

1650-1803,
2087,

1823,
21 10,

-ibh 2r93. G]il. na nEdaillech

1894-2041, 2084, 2206, 2215-2223.

2038.
fiigepta

Cam

Gsg. do

slicht Cairn colaigh

Egipciens 443 hlugeptaib

Dpi.
;

dona
. .
.

ri

1833.

Egeptagdae 461.

258

PERSONAL NAMES.
lason Jason
-oin

Ercuil,

Electrion r.lcctrion Gsg. 4. Hon nil Hercules passim.

542-619,
(626,

154

897, Gsg. 2570, -on 2576

Written
T-lrcules

ZTrcuil
oC',

122S,
-oin

1320,

Ircail 69.

for Eso(i)n. lathfe 598.

Idir
Ii5ib

'?.?'.).

Eson Eson
356, 362.

153.

Gsg.
754,

342,
;

Ydra 127S.
2039, 2460.
xee

Cf. Monstrae.

603.

replaced by lason
sec

796, 897 626. 2570,

See lubiter.

Ipodam
Ipolites

Vpodnm.

ypolyte IT 26.
Jvihyter
Cf. loib.
9,

Espainnech Spainncch. Etha ri na Colach 899.

Ircail see Krcuil.

lubiter Jupiter,

Jiipyter.

Euander
205(1,

Eiiaiuler

1899,

1944,

()--'>,

166, 207, 2461.

2058,

12,

2264, 2540,

lunaind, lunuind
425-432, 456
;

Juno

71-91,

Euannder 1975, Euannter 1900, Euanner 194S, 1967, 2018.

lunainn 14, 74, Gsg. lunuinde 116, 430, 451 lunainne 81, 98, iii. luranus Vrnnus Gsg. -uis 3.
;

Facua Facua,

Fatua 2046-2074,

Faiicua 2066, 2068.

Fauus Faniis, Famus 2046-2078.

Filoces Philotes, Phylotes 231, 280-

Laimedon

2562, 2577,
749, 255S.

Laomedon 905-912, Laimhedhon 2574,

902
;

304, 340-368, 396, 419, 710-721, 973-979, 1000, loi^, 1266, 1826,

Lamdedhon

Gsg.

712,

1873,

2330, 2500,

2334,
261,
cj.

2355-2368,

2481,

2533-2540,

2554;

Lega, Uilliam Mac an, 857. Licas Licas, Lycos 2421-2515.

Filoses 235, Filosses 324,

Sj'll.

462. 307, Fiol-oiseas, Ir.

Lingcus Lyncus 617, 710-748, 870S93. 2571.

Poetry 63

9,

66 21,

22.

Lotium Lodeimi, Ledeum 607.

Firotes see Pirotes.

Gorge Gorge T148, 12 18. Gorgofon Gorgophon 2, 4, 153. Gregach Grekes Npl. Gregaigh 169S, 2024 etc., na Gregu 582 Gpl. na nGregach 145, 1040
;

Mailion Malion 1508, 1520

(-6-).

etc.

Dpi.
etc.,

1692

Gregachaibh 994, Gregaibh 164, 328,

.
.

Mars Mars 2037. Megera Megera, Megere, Megra 507-746, 883, 888, Megra 879. 887, Meghegra 877. Monstrae the monstre (Somraer pp.
391
Idir.
tt'.)

1279, 1367, 2593.

See

As adj. toisech G. 1507, 1299. Gh. 15 13, don in gasraidh

.

cinel

Gh.

i,

na miledh nG. 1730,

-a 752.

don da taisechaibh
Grineus Gryneus 587.

Naduire,
208.

Dia na God of Nature

1

Nestor Nestor
Hercxiil see Ercuil.

836-1 878.
cf.

Nesus Nessus 2490, and

2266

PERSONAL NAMES.
Orfius Orpheus 648-676.

259

Spainnech hisperyens (Sommer p. 407 etc.) Npl. Spainnigh 1549, 1579, Espainnigh 1473, Gpl.
Spain(n)ech
1561,
1567, 1571,

Dpi.
1619.

Palamides Palamydes 2299. Patrone the patrone of the galeye

Spain(n)echaibh

(Sommer

p. 476) 2308, 2328.

Espainechaib 1435.

Piotanes Pheotones, Phiotones boy.

Petrus Peireus 589. Pirotes, Pirodes Pirothus, Pyrothus

See Ainntius. Terra 2381, 2409. Teseus Theseus 182-igo, 543, 562,
583, 799,

543-583, 625, 692-703, 754, 796, ben Firotes 835. 838, 2570
;

608, 860,

693>

704,

755>

794.

1126-1140,
a- ^1

2111

Pisium Piseon 607. Pluton (Gsg. -oin) Pluto 629-704,

786, 801-816, 855. Priccus Pricus, Prycus 1914-2015,

Tesius 1369.

Tiabanach
iS, 20,

Thebans

Gpl.

117, 152, 212, 506, 507,

;

2043-2225,
2322, 241
1,

2262,
2425.

2265,

2299,

533>

724-751. 859, 2573

Npl.

Gsg. silentl}2298.

Tiabhanaigh 741, Dpi. Tiabhanachaibh 737.

Troigenach
Troians
Gpl.
90:;
;

expanded -uis. Prim Pryant 712,

649-669, 814-825.

749,

Dpi.

ai-

Troigcnaibh 907.

Proserpini Proserpine, Proserpyiie

Uilliam

mac an Legha

857.
;

Ulcan

Sadurn Saturne, Saiorn, Satorne

1836, Gsg. -uirn(n)
2,

Gsg.

Wlcan 1794-7 Vulcan, Calcus mac Ulcain 1823,

9,

2039.

Sem

see

Sin Sem.

1894, 2085, 2206, 2215. Ulixes Vlixes 1507-

Senica Seneca 1365. Se(i)ribrus see Cerebrus.

Seth 598.
Sin

Yole Yoke, Yule, Yolle 2205-2262,

saynt Jaques 1640.
2322,

Sem
;

241
;

1,

2425,

2444-2455,
556,

Sinoip Sj/Mo^e, Sinophe 1112-1138, 1112 Sinoib Gsg. 2584

;

2533

Yolee 1930.

Sinoipi 11 24.
Sir

Ypodam Ypodame, Ypodane Ipodam 569.

Yspan
1828.

Ceres,

Seres,

Sera 689, Sira

Hyspan, Hispan{e) 1821,

649

(note).

NAMES OF PLACES
[The forms in
italics are Caxton's].

Aenach na mBuadh Olympades, Olimpade 216, 32iS.

Afraicc Affrike, etc. 1390, 14 15, Gsg. Afraicci 1377, Afraici 1457, Afraicce 15 15.
Aidsige Achaye
Airdissi

Cartagine

Carlagene 1646, Gsg. 1O93-1742, Carlanc 1712, 1715.

2.

Catiioigne Cateloygnc 181

Coroigne

Corongne,

(Coroigne)

139.

[See 1627, Corungue 1535. Index of Personal Names).

Arges

(Sommer

p.

252)

Corungue
1069.

see prec.

Cf. Arges. Gsg. 153Alaxandria Alexandre 915.

ri 1646, Ar(r)agon Aragont 1680, 1766 (na Naragu(i)ne Ragu(i)ne ?). Cf. Airdissi. Arges Arges 138. Arsed Archade 139.

Cotuli Cothulye Gsg.

1045,

1066,

Cremone CrewioMc Gsg.

Chreit 459.

1835, 1871. Cret Crete 139, Inis Cret 13, Inis

Asia Asye Gsg. 1112. Atenus Aithenes 27 (plane),

Gsg. 182 iplene), 1126, See Tenes. 21 1 1.
Cf. Ouenti.

138,

Edaille

Ytalye

Dsg.
1899,

1899, 1942,

2264,

1369,

2540,

Gsg.

2027-

Auentyn Aventyn Sliab A. 1904,

1939.

2031, 2057. Efes Ephese (Sommer p. 251) 139.

fiigipte

Egypte Asg. Eigipti 11 13,

460,

2569;
437,

Gsg. 4S0, II II, Egepta Dsg. 503 465,

;

Eigipti 434, 2568.

Barsiloine Barseloyne 1814.

Botheme
69.

Thellehoye

Gsg.

9-3^5

Esp^in Spaigne, Espaygne NAsg. 1828, Dsg. 228, 1376, 1389, 1824, Gsg. na hE(a)spaine 14021436.

Cailidoine

Calcedonye
370.25)
1

{Calce-

doyne,
1

Sommer
1

Gsg.

Frigia Frigie, Frygye 901.

146,

174,

2545, 2588; 2 Cailidoine Calidonie, Calidoine

1914. 2099-2125, Gsg. 2201, 2425. Calabre Calabre 191 4.

2269, 2302, CO Calcidoni 1216.

175.

2173-

Gailinnse
1

Galyce,

Galyse

1623,

64 1, 2309 [of. next). Galale {the patrone of the) galeye

Calcidoni see

Cailidoine.
11 12.

(Sommer

p.

476)

Gsg.

2357,

Capadoisi Capadoce Gsg.

Dsg. 2310, 2327.

Cf. prec.

262

NAMES OF PLACES.
Megida Megida, Megeda Gsg. 15 10,
1644.

GetuH Gethulye Gsg. 1046, 1070T076.

Gleacca, Tulach na, 2407. Greig Grccc Gsg. Greige, Greigi

131-161,

205-217,

370-1,

537-

Melane McUine 1835-6. Miranndon Myvondone Gsg. 153. Molos Mol{l)ose 627, Gsg. 660,
753-

563, 691-700, 1055, 1375, 1566,

2542.
907,

Dsg. Greicc, Greig, 690,

1373.
i(>4-4.

2412,

2418.

Morian Movyane Gsg. 1084. Moschaio Monchaio, Monchayo

1742.

Ghreigbelradh 1279.

Motaighin Montaigne 92O (note).

Hispirne see Ispirne.

Naraguine see Aragoat. Nauerre Nauaix, Nanerre

Ifern(n)
Hell{e)

Gsg.

630,

035,

688,

1647,

1680,

1767.

773

Gsg. -irn(n) 699, 786, 827,

855, 861, 1996. Inis Chreit see Cret.

Ispirne

(Hispirne?)

Hesperyc,
Gsg.

Espeyyc,

Hispevye
(note),

na

Oethia Odhca Gsg.

2478.

2499,

Othia
Cf.

hispirne 556

569, 625,
liltali

Ouenti Auentyn Gsg. 2092.

692
Itali

(-1),

2571.

1648.

Ytaly co catliraigh na See Edaille.

Auentyn.

Lasedomon Lacedomone

138.

Palus Pains [of Levne) Gsg. 1273. Patriarce Paiyace Gsg. 1 21 2.

Laurinnci Laurence Gsg. 2045. Lerue Leme (but leg. Lerue,

Pepos Pepos 139. Perili Peres ye 139.

Pires Civene
[cf.

Sommer
ib.

389.2,

393- 16,

22, see

Cipves

?)

926.

cxv) 1224, Lirue 2590. Libia Libye 435, 924-962, 10311067,

1101-2,

2579,

2583.

Ligsi see Lisi.

Lirue see Lerue.

Lisi

(?)Ragulnc see Aragont.

;

Lycye Gsg. 2413-2438, 2540

Lisne 548.

Nsg. Ligsi 1373.

Lisne see prec

Salamanque Salamanque 1810.

Sibil

Seuyle 1384.
647-706, 1045, Dsg.
648,
687,

Sisaile Secile Gsg.

Magnalsi Magnesie 139.

1795'

1798;

Maigionda

Gsg.

923,

93 1.

986,

818.

1048, 1065, 1071.

Sliab see

Auentyn, Oethia, Ouenti,

NAMES OF PLACES.
Teoes Thebes 2416, see Teib. Tebet Thebes 138, see Teib. Teib Thebes ADsg. 23, 27,
Gsg.

263

Tibre Tybre Gsg. 2093.

Tingi Tyngie Gsg. 1087, 1094.
126,
;

Tisi

Sithee.

Sythye

etc.

Gsg.

134, 711, 719, 741, 864, 889-95

II 12.

na Te(i)be

24,

329,

539,

Trae

723-750. 865, 2552. Tebet.

See Tebes,

Troye,

Troies,

Troyes Asg.

909, 911, 2574, Gsg. 379, 2557,

Tenes Atthenes 2416, see Atenus. Terracone Teracone Terracene,

1806-7.
Tesailli

2565, na Trace 901.

j

Triopoli Ti-ipolye 140.

See next.
See prec.

Tripulin Tyypolyn qi6.

140,

Thesaylle

Gsg.

693,

Tulach na Gleacca 2407.

AUk

Thorn

<fe

Co., Ltd., Dublin.

AUDiriONS AND CORRECTIONS

'

Page

xxi.x

line

31)

eg.

galcycs'.

xxxi

Tcib.

xxxix
39

10
II
'jyy
,,

(p.
'

lOO).

IuIYtiius'.

54

after

Erciiil, insert

av

se,.

Leg. h'oglach.

1012 58 64
75 i"75
I22I
,,

buail
g/iubh
Idiiiie
' '

Ei-cuil.

,,

].
'

27
I6I5

leg.

Africans

,,

iniinediately'.

84

lordaethain.

no
140
193

2158
I

after
leg.

tharraing insert Ercuil.

'

influenced'.
.

2 5 col.

after oir insert

lett

and transfer

example to
leg.

(g).

197

duUem.
fochtaiin.

205

33

))

J5

>J

PB 1347

.17 V.38 SMC

Stair Ercuil. English &

Ir ish.

Stair Ercuil ocus a bas = the life and death of AWL-6630 (mcsk)